LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Lack of Concordance Between Local Investigators, Angiographic Core Laboratory, and Clinical Event Committee in the Assessment of Stent Thrombosis: Results From the TRACER Angiographic Substudy.

BACKGROUND
Stent thrombosis (ST) is an important end point in cardiovascular clinical trials. Adjudication is traditionally based on clinical event committee (CEC) review of case report forms and source documentation rather than angiograms. However, the degree to which this method of adjudication is concordant with the review of independent angiographic core laboratories (ACLs) has not been studied. This report represents the first assessment of variability between local investigators (LIs), a CEC, and an ACL.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Serial angiograms of 329 patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment-elevation who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at entry in the Trial to Assess the Effects of Vorapaxar in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in Particpants With Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRACER) and who met criteria for possible ST subsequent to the index event were reviewed by an ACL. The ACL was blinded to the assessment by both LIs and the CEC regarding the presence or absence of ST. CEC adjudication was based on Academic Research Consortium definitions of ST, using case report form data and source documents, including catheterization laboratory reports. The ACL, CEC, and LIs agreed on the presence or absence of ST in 52.9% events (κ=0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.39). The ACL and CEC agreed on 82.7% of events (κ=0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.67); the ACL and LIs agreed on 61.1% of events (κ=0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.34); and the CEC and LIs agreed on 62% of events (κ=0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.36).


CONCLUSIONS
ST reporting by an ACL, a CEC, and LIs is discordant. The assessment of ST is more often detected by direct review of angiograms by an ACL.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00527943.
Molar crown thickness, volume, and development in South African Middle Stone Age humans

Introduction A current debate in palaeoanthropology centres on the issue of modern human origins, particularly the question of when ‘anatomically modern humans’ (AMH) from the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) became fully modern. Fossil Homo in Africa appears to have undergone a morphological transition from a more primitive form (i.e. Homo heidelbergensis/Homo rhodesiensis) to a more modern form (Homo sapiens) between 150 000 and 200 000 years ago. This evidence is based primarily on external cranial and dental features. Little is known about internal aspects of tooth structure such as tissue thickness/distribution, or patterns of growth, including the speed and duration of development. Studies of incremental dental development in early Homo show a pattern more similar to African apes than modern humans. Aspects of Homo heidelbergensis development also differ when compared to Upper Palaeolithic/Mesolithic populations. Research on brain growth in early Homo also suggests a more rapid period of early development than in modern populations. Given dietary changes and technological innovations during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, as well as dental size reduction in modern populations, it is unclear whether dental tissue thickness and development may have undergone corresponding changes, and when the unique, prolonged pattern of growth and development originated. This study represents the first combined investigation of molar enamel thickness, crown tissue volumes, and enamel development in a fossil hominin taxon, aimed at determining whether differences between AMH and living populations can be detected. Micro-computed tomographic (mCT) image data were collected from several molars from the South African MSA localities of Die Kelders and Equus caves; these specimens are from approximately 60 000–80 000 and 33 000–94 000 yr BP, respectively. Aspects of dental development were assessed from high-resolution casts, mCT scans, and confocal microscopy. Data on enamel thickness, crown volumes, and enamel development were compared with a large sample of modern humans from several geographical regions.
Prospective analysis of body mass index during and up to 5 years after discharge from inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the course of the body mass index (BMI) in persons with spinal cord injury during and after inpatient rehabilitation.


DESIGN
Multi-centre longitudinal study.


SUBJECTS
A total of 184 persons with spinal cord injury.


METHODS
BMI was determined at the start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge, and 1, 2 and 5 years after discharge.


RESULTS
The percentage of persons who were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2) increased over the years from 56% to 75%. The absolute BMI did not significantly increase during rehabilitation, but showed a significant increase the year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (p < 0.001). From examining the personal or lesion characteristics, age was the only factor that was related to the absolute BMI. BMI increased by 1 kg/m2 for each 10-year increase in age. Men, persons with paraplegia and older people had more chance of being overweight/obese compared with women, persons with tetraplegia and younger people.


CONCLUSION
The BMI of people with spinal cord injuries gradually increases during and after inpatient rehabilitation, with significant increases in the first year after discharge. It is recommended that emphasis is placed on weight-management protocols (diet and exercise) to encourage a healthy lifestyle.
Comparative effectiveness study on human papillomavirus detection methods used in the cervical cancer screening programme

OBJECTIVES
To compare the short-term and long-term effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (NCCSP).


DESIGN
Nationwide register-based prospective follow-up study.


SETTING
In 2005, the NCCSP implemented HPV testing in follow-up of unsatisfactory, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology.


PARTICIPANTS
19 065 women with repeat cytology and HPV test after unsatisfactory ASC-US or LSIL screening result in 2005-2009.


INTERVENTIONS
Through individual registry linkages we observed how women were treated in the regular medical care.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We estimated cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in 6 months and 3 years after repeat cytology and HPV test. Patients diagnosed with CIN2+ in 6 months and 3 years were assessed for initial HPV positivity.


RESULTS
5392 had ASC-US/LSIL and 13 673 had normal/unsatisfactory repeat cytology; for HPV detection 4715 used AMPLICOR HPV Test (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), 9162 Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) High-Risk HPV DNA Test (QIAGEN, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA) and 5188 PreTect HPV-Proofer (NorChip, Klokkarstua, Norway). Among those with ASC-US/LSIL repeat cytology, 3-year risk of CIN2+ was 15-fold in Amplicor/HC2-positives compared with Amplicor/HC2-negatives and sevenfold in Proofer-positives compared with Proofer-negatives; a 3-year risk of CIN2+ was 2.1% (95% CI 0.7% to 3.4%) in Amplicor-negatives and 7.2% (95% CI 5.4% to 8.9%) in Proofer-negatives. Close to 100% of patients with CIN2+ diagnosed within 6 months tested positive to HPV (all methods). Considering all patients diagnosed with CIN2+ in 3-year follow-up, 97% were initially positive in the Amplicor group and more than 94% in the HC2 group, compared with less than 80% in the Proofer group.


CONCLUSIONS
While the long-term evaluation of new screening routines showed a good overall performance of triage-HPV DNA testing, the management of HPV-negative women with persistent ASC-US/LSIL was suboptimal.
Glycosaminoglycans modulate C6 glioma cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components and alter cell proliferation and cell migration

Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components has been implicated in the proliferative and invasive properties of tumor cells. We investigated the ability of C6 glioma cells to attach to ECM components in vitro and described the regulatory role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on their adhesion to the substrate, proliferation and migration. ECM proteins (type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin) stimulate rat C6 glioma cell line adhesion in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. The higher adhesion values were achieved with type IV collagen. Exogenous heparin or chondroitin sulfate impaired, in a dose-dependent manner the attachment of C6 glioma cell line to laminin and fibronectin, but not to type IV collagen. Dextran sulfate did not affect C6 adhesion to any ECM protein analyzed, indicating a specific role of GAGs in mediating glioma adhesion to laminin and fibronectin. GAGs and dextran sulfate did not induce C6 glioma detachment from any tested substrate suggesting specific effect in the initial step of cell adhesion. Furthermore, heparin and chondroitin sulfate impaired C6 cells proliferation on fibronectin, but not on type IV collagen or laminin. In contrast, both GAGs stimulate the glioma migration on laminin without effect on type IV collagen or fibronectin. The results suggest that GAGs and proteoglycans regulate glioma cell adhesion to ECM proteins in specific manner leading to cell proliferation or cell migration, according to the ECM composition, thus modulating tumor cell properties.
Development and validation of a score to predict postoperative respiratory failure in a multicentre European cohort: A prospective, observational study.

BACKGROUND
Postoperative respiratory failure (PRF) is the most frequent respiratory complication following surgery.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to build a clinically useful predictive model for the development of PRF.


DESIGN
A prospective observational study of a multicentre cohort.


SETTING
Sixty-three hospitals across Europe.


PATIENTS
Patients undergoing any surgical procedure under general or regional anaesthesia during 7-day recruitment periods.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Development of PRF within 5 days of surgery. PRF was defined by a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) less than 8 kPa or new onset oxyhaemoglobin saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) less than 90% whilst breathing room air that required conventional oxygen therapy, noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation.


RESULTS
PRF developed in 224 patients (4.2% of the 5384 patients studied). In-hospital mortality [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] was higher in patients who developed PRF [10.3% (6.3 to 14.3) vs. 0.4% (0.2 to 0.6)]. Regression modelling identified a predictive PRF score that includes seven independent risk factors: low preoperative SpO2; at least one preoperative respiratory symptom; preoperative chronic liver disease; history of congestive heart failure; open intrathoracic or upper abdominal surgery; surgical procedure lasting at least 2 h; and emergency surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-statistic) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.85) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was 7.08 (P = 0.253).


CONCLUSION
A risk score based on seven objective, easily assessed factors was able to predict which patients would develop PRF. The score could potentially facilitate preoperative risk assessment and management and provide a basis for testing interventions to improve outcomes.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01346709).
Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find

Practical and theoretical issues are presented concerning the design, implementation, and use of a good, minimal standard random number generator that will port to virtually all systems.
Location Isn't Everything: Proximity, Hospital Characteristics, Choice of Hospital, and Disparities for Breast Cancer Surgery Patients.

OBJECTIVE
Assess the relative importance of proximity and other hospital characteristics in the choice of hospital for breast cancer surgery by race/ethnicity.


DATA
SEER-Medicare data.


STUDY DESIGN
Observational study of women aged >65 years receiving surgery for stage I/II/III breast cancer diagnosed in 1992-2007 in Detroit (N = 10,746 white/black), Atlanta (N = 4,018 white/black), Los Angeles (N = 9,433 white/black/Asian/Hispanic), and San Francisco (N = 4,856 white/black/Asian). We calculated the distance from each patient's census tract of residence to each area hospital. We estimated discrete choice models for the probability of receiving surgery at each hospital based on distance and assessed whether deviations from these predictions entailed interactions of hospital characteristics with the patient's race/ethnicity. We identified high-quality hospitals by rates of adjuvant radiation therapy and by survey measures of patient experiences, and we assessed how observed surgery rates at high-quality hospitals deviated from those predicted based on distance alone.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Proximity was significantly associated with hospital choice in all areas. Minority more often than white breast cancer patients had surgery at hospitals with more minority patients, those treating more Medicaid patients, and in some areas, lower quality hospitals.


CONCLUSIONS
Residential location alone does not explain concentration of racial/ethnic-minority breast cancer surgery patients in certain hospitals that are sometimes of lower quality.
Impact of KRAS and BRAF Gene Mutation Status on Outcomes From the Phase III AGITG MAX Trial of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination With Bevacizumab and Mitomycin in Advanced Colorectal Cancer.

PURPOSE
Mutations affecting the KRAS gene are established predictive markers of outcome with anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). The relevance of these markers for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is controversial. This analysis was performed to assess the predictive and prognostic impact of KRAS and BRAF gene mutation status in patients receiving capecitabine with bevacizumab (CG) or capecitabine without bevacizumab in the phase III AGITG MAX (Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group MAX) study.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Mutation status was determined for 315 (66.9%) of the original 471 patients. Mutation status was correlated with efficacy outcomes (response rate, progression-free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]), and a predictive analyses was undertaken.


RESULTS
Mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes were observed in 28.8% and 10.6% of patients, respectively. KRAS gene mutation status (wild type [WT] v mutated [MT]) had no prognostic impact for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; CI, 0.69 to 1.14) or OS (HR, 0.97; CI, 0.73 to 1.28). BRAF mutation status (WT v MT) was not prognostic for PFS (HR, 0.80; CI, 0.54 to 1.18) but was prognostic for OS (HR, 0.49; CI, 0.33 to 0.73; P = .001). By using the comparison of capecitabine versus capecitabine and bevacizumab (CB) and CB plus mitomycin (CBM), KRAS gene mutation status was not predictive of the effectiveness of bevacizumab for PFS or OS (test for interaction P = .95 and 0.43, respectively). Similarly, BRAF gene mutation status was not predictive of the effectiveness of bevacizumab for PFS or OS (test for interaction P = .46 and 0.32, respectively).


CONCLUSION
KRAS gene mutation status was neither prognostic for OS nor predictive of bevacizumab outcome in patients with advanced CRC. BRAF gene mutation status was prognostic for OS but was not predictive of outcome with bevacizumab.
Author name disambiguation in MEDLINE

Background: We recently described “Author-ity,” a model for estimating the probability that two articles in MEDLINE, sharing the same author name, were written by the same individual. Features include shared title words, journal name, coauthors, medical subject headings, language, affiliations, and author name features (middle initial, suffix, and prevalence in MEDLINE). Here we test the hypothesis that the Author-ity model will suffice to disambiguate author names for the vast majority of articles in MEDLINE. Methods: Enhancements include: (a) incorporating first names and their variants, email addresses, and correlations between specific last names and affiliation words; (b) new methods of generating large unbiased training sets; (c) new methods for estimating the prior probability; (d) a weighted least squares algorithm for correcting transitivity violations; and (e) a maximum likelihood based agglomerative algorithm for computing clusters of articles that represent inferred author-individuals. Results: Pairwise comparisons were computed for all author names on all 15.3 million articles in MEDLINE (2006 baseline), that share last name and first initial, to create Author-ity 2006, a database that has each name on each article assigned to one of 6.7 million inferred author-individual clusters. Recall is estimated at ∼98.8%. Lumping (putting two different individuals into the same cluster) affects ∼0.5% of clusters, whereas splitting (assigning articles written by the same individual to >1 cluster) affects ∼2% of articles. Impact: The Author-ity model can be applied generally to other bibliographic databases. Author name disambiguation allows information retrieval and data integration to become person-centered, not just document-centered, setting the stage for new data mining and social network tools that will facilitate the analysis of scholarly publishing and collaboration behavior. Availability: The Author-ity 2006 database is available for nonprofit academic research, and can be freely queried via http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu.
New global optimization methods for ship design problems

The aim of this paper is to solve optimal design problems for industrial applications when the objective function value requires the evaluation of expensive simulation codes and its first derivatives are not available. In order to achieve this goal we propose two new algorithms that draw inspiration from two existing approaches: a filled function based algorithm and a Particle Swarm Optimization method. In order to test the efficiency of the two proposed algorithms, we perform a numerical comparison both with the methods we drew inspiration from, and with some standard Global Optimization algorithms that are currently adopted in industrial design optimization. Finally, a realistic ship design problem, namely the reduction of the amplitude of the heave motion of a ship advancing in head seas (a problem connected to both safety and comfort), is solved using the new codes and other global and local derivativeThis work has been partially supported by the Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti in the framework of the research plan “Programma di Ricerca sulla Sicurezza”, Decreto 17/04/2003 G.U. n. 123 del 29/05/2003, by MIUR, FIRB 2001 Research Program Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (NICOP grant N. 000140510617). E.F. Campana ( ) · D. Peri · A. Pinto INSEAN—Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Via di Vallerano 139, 00128 Roma, Italy e-mail: E.Campana@insean.it G. Liuzzi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica “A. Ruberti”, Viale Manzoni 30, 00185 Roma, Italy S. Lucidi Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica “A. Ruberti”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Sapienza”, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy V. Piccialli Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Policlinico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy 534 E.F. Campana et al. free optimization methods. All the numerical results show the effectiveness of the two new algorithms.
Endoclipping-assisted resection of large colorectal polyps.

BACKGROUND
The use of endoclipping may minimize the risk of bleeding after endoscopic polypectomy of large pedunculated polyps. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of endoclipping of the stalk before resection of large pedunculated colorectal polyps, drawing particular attention to the cases in which the use of this method could be very useful.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included 17 patients [10 men, 7 women; median age: 62 y (range 38 to 79)] with 18 large pedunculated colorectal polyps, who underwent endoclipping-assisted endoscopic polypectomy between March 2003 and May 2006. The outcome of the technique and the technique-related complications were evaluated.


RESULTS
Application of the clips was possible in all patients. In 4 patients (23.5%), the endoclipping was performed via the more flexible gastroscope. En bloc resection of colon polyps was achieved in all patients. No immediate or late bleeding or perforation occurred. One patient (5.9%) developed postcoagulation syndrome and was successfully treated conservatively. Histologic examination showed in situ carcinoma in 6 polyps (33.3%). Follow-up colonoscopy demonstrated no recurrence of polyps or cancer development.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoclipping, followed by snare transection, may be safer than conventional polypectomy in large pedunculated colorectal polyps. Special attention is needed not to cut very close to clips to avoid thermal injury of colonic wall.
Lighting quality recommendations for VDT offices: a new method of derivation

An experiment in a mock-up office space gave occupants control over dimmable lighting circuits after a day working under pseudo-random lighting conditions. Data analysis indicated that the lighting experienced during the day influenced the changes in lighting made at the end of the day. Occupants chose to reduce screen glare if any existed. Even after allowing for the effect of glare, desktop illuminance at day's end varied with the illuminance experienced during the day. Regression of these end-of-day choices relative to the illuminance experienced during the day can yield a preferred illuminance, equivalent to the daytime illuminance at which no change was preferred at day's end. Using this method, preferred illuminances in the range 200 to 500 lx were derived. Preferences for luminance ratio were also derived. Interestingly, the deviation between participants' lighting preferences and the lighting they experienced during the day was a significant predictor of participant mood and satisfaction. List of symbols LC The participant having control over lighting choices at the start of the day NC The participant who did not have control over lighting at the start of the day, but who got to express their preference at the end of the day VDT G % Fraction of VDT screen area – when dark – occupied by visible glare image, > 40 cd/m 2 (%) VDT G L Mean luminance of visible glare image (cd/m 2) E D Illuminance measured on the desktop, close to the VDT, but on the opposite side from the task light (lx) LMM Natural logarithm ratio of maximum to minimum luminance in the field of view; luminance values averaged over a target approx. 1° square VDT-LC G L VDT G L of luminous conditions chosen by the LC participant at the start of the day, and prevailing during the day (cd/m 2) LC E D E D of luminous conditions chosen by the LC participant at the start of the day, and prevailing during the day (lx) NC E D E D of luminous conditions chosen by the NC participant at the end of the day (lx) LC LMM LMM of luminous conditions chosen by the LC participant at the start of the day, and prevailing during the day NC LMM LMM of luminous conditions chosen by the NC participant at the end of the day