LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Sleep and Comorbid Disorders

Several melatonin receptors agonists (ramelteon, prolonged-release melatonin, agomelatine and tasimelteon) have recently become available for the treatment of insomnia, depression and circadian rhythms sleep-wake disorders. The efficacy and safety profiles of these compounds in the treatment of the indicated disorders are reviewed. Accumulating evidence indicates that sleep-wake disorders and co-existing medical conditions are mutually exacerbating. This understanding has now been incorporated into the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). Therefore, when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of sleep drugs, it is pertinent to also evaluate their effects on wake and comorbid condition. Beneficial effects of melatonin receptor agonists on comorbid neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and metabolic symptomatology beyond sleep regulation are also described. The review underlines the beneficial value of enhancing physiological sleep in comorbid conditions.
Effectiveness of a trandolapril-based treatment regimen in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension in Canada.

OBJECTIVE
This report evaluates the effectiveness of a titration-based, escalating dose regimen based on trandolapril in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) treated in Canadian clinical practice.


METHODS
Substudy of the TRAIL (Trandolapril Regimen Applied In real Life) study; a prospective, open-label, single cohort, multicentre study in 192 Canadian primary care practices. Subjects with ISH received trandolapril therapy, initiated at 1 mg/day (0.5 mg/day in subjects on diuretics) and increased to 2 or 4 mg at 4 and 9 weeks, respectively, in those not achieving blood-pressure (BP) targets, subject to tolerability. If BP was not controlled after 14 weeks of treatment subjects could be put on trandolapril 4 mg/verapamil 240 mg while continuing the diuretic, or verapamil could be added to the existing regimen. The observation period was 26 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the achievement of target BP levels after 14 weeks.


RESULTS
Systolic BP (SBP) was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced from 167.3 +/- 8.7 mmHg at baseline to 136.8 +/- 14.0 mmHg (means +/- SD) at Week 14. The reductions were maintained at Week 26: mean SBP at this time point was 137.4 +/- 12.5 mmHg. The target BP levels of < or =140/90 mmHg at Week 14 was reached by 67% of subjects with ISH. Among study limitations were the observational design; the lack of randomisation and control group, and the fact that subjects with ISH represented a comparatively small number of subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
A titration-based, escalating-dose regimen based on trandolapril is effective in subjects with ISH under treatment conditions seen in general clinical practice in Canada.
Early Cambrian and Late Precambrian Paleocurrents, Banff and Jasper National Parks

ABSTRACT Foreset beds in the upper part of the Late Precambrian Miette group and in the lower and upper parts of the Lower Cambrian Gog group were deposited by paleocurrents flowing mainly westward and southwestward. The source area of the sediments was therefore the Precambrian of the continental craton.
Role of Text Pre-processing in Twitter Sentiment Analysis

Ubiquitous nature of online social media and ever expending usage of short text messages becomes a potential source of crowd wisdom extraction especially in terms of sentiments therefore sentiment classification and analysis is a significant task of current research purview. Major challenge in this area is to tame the data in terms of noise, relevance, emoticons, folksonomies and slangs. This works is an effort to see the effect of pre-processing on twitter data for the fortification of sentiment classification especially in terms of slang word. The proposed method of pre-processing relies on the bindings of slang words on other coexisting words to check the significance and sentiment translation of the slang word. We have used n-gram to find the bindings and conditional random fields to check the significance of slang word. Experiments were carried out to observe the effect of proposed method on sentiment classification which clearly indicates the improvements in accuracy of classification. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 (IMCIP-2016).
Photostimulable Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescent Nanoprobes for Ultrasensitive and Longitudinal Deep-Tissue Bio-Imaging

In vivo fluorescence imaging suffers from suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio and shallow detection depth, which is caused by the strong tissue autofluorescence under constant external excitation and the scattering and absorption of short-wavelength light in tissues. Here we address these limitations by using a novel type of optical nanoprobes, photostimulable LiGa5O8:Cr(3+) near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanoparticles, which, with very-long-lasting NIR persistent luminescence and unique photo-stimulated persistent luminescence (PSPL) capability, allow optical imaging to be performed in an excitation-free and hence, autofluorescence-free manner. LiGa5O8:Cr(3+) nanoparticles pre-charged by ultraviolet light can be repeatedly (>20 times) stimulated in vivo, even in deep tissues, by short-illumination (~15 seconds) with a white light-emitting-diode flashlight, giving rise to multiple NIR PSPL that expands the tracking window from several hours to more than 10 days. Our studies reveal promising potential of these nanoprobes in cell tracking and tumor targeting, exhibiting exceptional sensitivity and penetration that far exceed those afforded by conventional fluorescence imaging.
Paroxetine treatment of generalized social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT
The generalized type of social phobia (social anxiety disorder) is a severe and often disabling form of social anxiety that affects approximately 5% of the general population. Earlier research has shown monoamine oxidase inhibitors or benzodiazepines to be effective in treating this condition, but neither has achieved widespread use.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, with placebo in adults with generalized social phobia.


DESIGN
Twelve-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial.


SETTING
Thirteen centers across the United States and 1 in Canada.


PARTICIPANTS
Between April 13, 1995, and February 28, 1996, 187 persons meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for generalized social phobia were randomized (and 183 returned for at least 1 efficacy assessment) to treatment.


INTERVENTION
After a 1-week, single-blind, placebo, run-in period, patients received a double-blind, 11-week course of either paroxetine or matching-image placebo. The initial daily dosage of paroxetine (or placebo) was 20 mg with increases of 10 mg/d weekly (flexible dosing to a maximum of 50 mg/d) permitted after the second week of treatment.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Number of responders based on the Clinical Global Impression Global Improvement Item ("much improved" or "very much improved"); mean change from baseline on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total score.


RESULTS
Fifty (55.0%) of 91 persons taking paroxetine and 22 (23.9%) of 92 persons taking placebo were much improved or very much improved at the end of treatment (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.81-5.36). Mean Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total scores were reduced by 39.1% (the mean baseline score of 78.0 declined by a mean of 30.5 points at follow-up) in the paroxetine group compared with 17.4% (the mean baseline score of 83.5 declined 14.5 points at follow-up) in the placebo group, a difference of 21.7% (95% CI, 8.7%-34.7%) favoring paroxetine.


CONCLUSIONS
Paroxetine is an effective treatment for patients with generalized social phobia. Short-term (ie, 11-week) treatment results in substantial and clinically meaningful reductions in symptoms and disability. Future research should test whether these may be further reduced by extended treatment or supplementation with specific educational-cognitive-behavioral techniques.
Clinical features and early treatment response of central nervous system involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a therapeutic challenge.


PROCEDURE
To explore leukemia characteristics of patients with CNS involvement at ALL diagnosis, we analyzed clinical features and early treatment response of 744 patients on Nordic-Baltic trials. CNS status was classified as CNS1 (no CSF blasts), CNS2 (<5 leukocytes/µl CSF with blasts), CNS3 (≥5 leukocytes/µl with blasts or signs of CNS involvement), TLP+ (traumatic lumbar puncture with blasts), and TLP- (TLP with no blasts).


RESULTS
Patients with CNS involvement had higher leukocyte count compared with patients with CNS1 (P < 0.002). Patients with CNS3 more often had T-ALL (P < 0.001) and t(9;22)(q34;q11)[BCR-ABL1] (P < 0.004) compared with patients with CNS1. Among patients with CNS involvement headache (17%) and vomiting (14%) were most common symptoms. Symptoms or clinical findings were present among 27 of 54 patients with CNS3 versus only 7 of 39 patients with CNS2 and 15 of 75 patients with TLP+ (P < 0.001). The majority of patients with CNS involvement received additional induction therapy. The post induction bone marrow residual disease level did not differ between patients with CNS involvement and patients with CNS1 (P > 0.15). The 12-year event-free survival for patients with leukemic mass on neuroimaging did not differ from patients with negative or no scan (0.50 vs. 0.60; P = 0.7) or between patients with symptoms or signs suggestive of CNS leukemia and patients without such characteristics (0.50 vs. 0.61; P = 0.2).


CONCLUSION
CNS involvement at diagnosis is associated with adverse prognostic features but does not indicate a less chemosensitive leukemia.
A dynamic system simulation of leader and group effects on context for learning

The dynamic interactions of leaders and followers often result in important strategic resources and competencies that are critical to an organization’s success. Yet there is little research that explicitly addresses how the skill levels of leaders and followers are linked as a socially constructed strategic resource is created. This article describes an agent-based dynamic model simulation of the creation of Group Context-for-Learning, which is an intangible strategic resource that supports organizational learning. The simulation describes developmental paths showing the growth in Group Context-for-Learning for various leader–group combinations. While both leader and workgroup skill levels affected the developmental paths shown by different groups, a highly skilled group invariably produced a better developmental path than a low skilled group, regardless of the leader’s skill level. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Orthodontic treatment of a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor.

UNLABELLED
Clinicians agree that, regardless of gender or race, tooth agenesis has become more prominent in recent societies. The congenital absence of one or more maxillary lateral incisors poses a challenge to effective treatment planning for the restorative dentist. However, the one-sided orthodontic approach of just moving canines mesially to eliminate restorative procedures leads to compromise. Adult patients presenting with malocclusions, missing lateral incisors, or anterior crowding but who fail to get proper orthodontic treatment, requesting instead esthetic solutions that do not establish a stable occlusion, proper alignment, and proper axial inclination of the teeth will have compromised esthetic and periodontal results. An evaluation of anterior smile esthetics must include both static and dynamic evaluations of frontal and profile views to optimize both dental and facial appearance. This article presents how orthodontics is combined with other specialties in treating a congenitally missing lateral incisor. One case is used to illustrate how orthodontic treatment is progressed in collaboration with other specialists.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Patients with missing teeth, crowding, midline deviation, unesthetic gingival contours, or other restorative needs may require the interaction between various specialists. For the successful treatment of orthodontic-restorative patients, an interdisciplinary team effort is vital.
Special Issue on Selected Papers from IEEE ICKII 2018

Electronic Engineering and Design Innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs [...]
Identifying Success and Tragedy of FLOSS Commons: A Preliminary Classification of Sourceforge.net Projects

Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects are a form of commons where individuals work collectively to produce software that is a public, rather than a private, good. The famous phrase "Tragedy of the Commons" describes a situation where a natural resource commons, such as a pasture, or a water supply, gets depleted because of overuse. The tragedy in FLOSS commons is distinctly different -- it occurs when collective action ceases before a software product is produced or reaches its full potential. This paper builds on previous work about defining success in FLOSS projects by taking a collective action perspective. We first report the results of interviews with FLOSS developers regarding our ideas about success and failure in FLOSS projects. Building on those interviews and previous work, we then describe our criteria for defining success/tragedy in FLOSS commons. Finally, we discuss the results of a preliminary classification of nearly all projects hosted on Sourceforge.net as of August 2006.
A Note on Majkic's Systems

The present note offers a proof that systems developed by Majkić are actually extensions of intuitionistic logic, and therefore not paraconsistent.
Comparison of international index of erectile function with nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing in evaluation of erectile dysfunction

We tried to compare the parameters of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) testing with erectile function (EF) domain score of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), which is used in diagnosis and determining the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED), and to assess the sufficiency of IIEF in the diagnosis of ED. A total of 90 men, mean age 46 years (24–75), presenting with ED to our clinic between January 2001 and March 2003 were included in the trial. All the men answered the standard IIEF (15 questions) forms and was divided into four groups as mild ED, moderate ED, severe ED and no ED according to the EF domain score that is obtained from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 15th questions. Then NPTR testing with the RigiScan Plus monitoring device was performed for two consecutive nights on those men. The distribution of the six parameters of NPTR testing (number of erections, duration of erections, TAU base, RAU base, TAU tip, RAU tip) among the four groups and the correlation with IIEF-EF domain score were evaluated. Additionally, the distribution of the risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease, dyslipidemia and smoking) was analyzed both among the four groups and in each group. According to IIEF-EF domain scores of 90 patients, 16 (18%) had severe ED, 21 (23%) moderate ED, 41 (46%) mild ED and 12 (13%) no ED. There was no statistically significant difference between the risk factors among the men in these groups (P>0.05). When the IIEF-EF domain scores were compared with parameters of NPTR testing, no statistically significant difference was obtained among ED groups (mild, moderate, severe) (P>0.05). However, we observed a statistically significant difference between three ED groups and no ED group (P<0.05). If NPTR testing is considered as a gold standard test, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IIEF-EF domain score in ED diagnosis are 100, 17.9, 29.4 and 100% respectively. In conclusion, we did not observe a clinical correlation between IIEF-EF domain scores and NPTR parameters in the whole population; however, we observed that if IIEF-EF domain scores were normal, NPTR parameters were also normal. In other words, we can say that if the initial IIEF-EF domain scores are normal, then we do not have to perform NPTR testing. This could be helpful to make a cost-effective diagnosis.
A Personalizable Driver Steering Model Capable of Predicting Driver Behaviors in Vehicle Collision Avoidance Maneuvers

In recent years, significant emphases and efforts have been placed on developing and implementing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). These systems need to work with human drivers to increase vehicle occupant safety, control, and performance in both ordinary and emergency driving situations. To aid such cooperation between human drivers and ADAS, driver models are necessary to replicate and predict human driving behaviors and distinguish among different drivers. This paper presents a combined driver model that is able to not only identify different individual driver behaviors, but also predict a driver's behavior in rare vehicle maneuvers such as collision avoidance (CA) based on his/her daily driving data. The driver model consists of a compensatory transfer function and an anticipatory component and is integrated with the design of the individual driver's desired path. It has been shown that the proposed driver model can replicate each driver's steering wheel angle signal for a variety of highway and in-city maneuvers. The utility of the proposed driver model is its ability to predict a driver's steering wheel angle signal for a CA maneuver from only daily nonemergency driving data. The driver model is then validated by comparing two different drivers’ model parameter sets to the group average to show that each driver has a unique set of parameters. Finally, the driver model is validated by showing that its daily driving parameters differ from its predicted CA parameters.
An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the emergence of the nutrition transition, and associated morbidity shifts, in the Islamic Republic of Iran.


DESIGN
Review and analysis of secondary data relating to the socio-political and nutritional context, demographic trends, food utilisation and consumption patterns, obesity, and diet-related morbidity.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The nutrition transition in Iran is occurring rapidly, secondary to the rapid change in fertility and mortality patterns and to urbanisation. The transition is occurring against the backdrop of lack of sustained economic growth. There is considerable imbalance in food consumption with low nutrient density characterising diets at all income levels, over-consumption evident among more than a third of households, and food insecurity among 20% of the population. Obesity is an emerging problem, particularly in urban areas and for women, and both diabetes and other risk factors for heart disease are becoming significant problems.
Coexisting secondary intraneural and vascular adventitial ganglion cysts of joint origin: a causal rather than a coincidental relationship supporting an articular theory

To introduce the clinical entity of an intraneural ganglion cyst coexisting with a vascular adventitial cyst arising from the same joint. Retrospective review. Two patients presented with predominantly deep peroneal neuropathy due to complex superior tibiofibular joint-related cysts. In addition to having peroneal intraneural ganglion cysts, these patients had vascular adventitial cysts: one involving a capsular arterial branch, the other a capsular vein [as well as a large, recurrent, intramuscular (extraneural) ganglion]. We then reviewed MRIs of 12 other consecutive cases of intraneural ganglia (10 peroneal and 2 tibial) arising from the superior tibiofibular joint that we treated, as well as other reported cases in the literature to determine if there were other (unrecognized) examples supporting the combination of clinical findings and radiographic patterns. Retrospective analysis of MRIs in the two surgically proven cases of peroneal intraneural ganglia with vascular adventitial cyst extension showed a common imaging pattern that we have termed “the wishbone sign,” consisting of the connection of the ascending limb of the peroneal intraneural ganglion and the longitudinal limb of the vascular adventitial cyst in the axial plane. Our review suggests that vascular adventitial cyst extension occurs in a large proportion of cases of peroneal intraneural ganglia. A similar growth pattern was noted in a case of a tibial intraneural ganglion. The combination of intraneural and vascular adventitial cysts is understandable given our knowledge of normal and pathologic anatomy of para-articular cysts. The combination of intraneural ganglia and vascular adventitial cysts broadens the spectrum of clinical presentations of these cysts and suggests that cysts and their content can dissect from a joint along neurovascular bundles. These cases provide important evidence to support the articular theory for the pathogenesis of not only neural but vascular adventitial cysts as well.
IS THERE A ≪STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS≫ IN ECONOMICS?

SUMMARY 
 
In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions T. S. Kuhn argues that the history of the natural sciences has been marked by periodic crises, when the dominant ‘paradigm’ is challenged, rejected, and displaced by a new paradigm. Since the paradigm's functions are both regulative and cognitive, this process has sociological as well as purely epistcmological aspects. 
 
 
 
With the exception of the Keynesian revolution of the 1930's, there have been no phases of paradigm change in economics quite like those in the natural sciences. This is due mainly to the nature of economic paradigms (or ‘basic’ theories) which are less precise and less liable to falsification. ‘Critical anomalies’ and ‘crucial experiments’ do not arise in economics, as in the natural sciences; and yet the process of paradigm change may serve as an ideal type, which can be used to clarify the interrelationships between the terminological, conceptual, personal, and professional elements involved in the development of economic ideas, especially in such episodes as the emergence of classical (Ricardian) economics, the Methodenslreit, or the marginal utility revolution.
Beyond the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability

The article is intended as a contribution to the ongoing conceptual development of corporate sustainability. At the business level sustainability is often equated with eco-efficiency. However, such a reduction misses several important criteria that firms have to satisfy if they want to become truly sustainable. This article discusses how the concept of sustainable development has evolved over the past three decades and particularly how it can be applied to the business level. It then goes on to describe the three types of capital relevant within the concept of corporate sustainability: economic, natural and social capital. From this basis we shall then develop the six criteria managers aiming for corporate sustainability will have to satisfy: eco-efficiency, socio-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, socio-effectiveness, sufficiency and ecological equity. The article ends with a brief outlook towards