LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Oral Hygiene among Parents of Pre-School Children Attending Pediatric Out Patient Department in Dhulikhel Hospital.

BACKGROUND
Level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among the parents of pre-school children plays an important role on maintaining the good oral hygiene of their children. In Nepal, sufficient research has not been carried out on this area.


OBJECTIVE
Objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on oral hygiene of preschool children's parents attending pediatric outpatient department in Dhulikhel Hospital.


METHOD
A descriptive study was conducted from November 2012 to January 2013 among one hundred parents of preschool children visiting pediatrics outpatient department of Dhulikhel Hospital. Paper and pencil based semi structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. Questions related to demographic information and knowledge were asked. Thirty questions were used for assessing knowledge level. Knowledge score was calculated by allocating one point for each correct answer and zero point for each wrong answer. Analyzed data were presented in terms of numbers and percentages. Total knowledge scores were categorized based on percentage. Knowledge score was categorized on four group - exclusive intervals - namely-poor (0-40%), moderate (40-60%), good (60-80%) and excellent (80-100%). Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to check significance difference and chisquare test was used to check association among different background characteristic.


RESULT
It was found that 81% had moderate knowledge, 15% had poor knowledge and 4% had good knowledge about oral hygiene. Median knowledge score was found to be 15 with range 10 to 21. Following variables were found to be significant difference on knowledge category: Education status (p<0.001), education level (p= 0.041), past experience about oral health problem (p = 0.008), Further significant association was found between knowledge category and educational status (p<0.001) and between knowledge category and past experience (p< 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Knowledge regarding oral hygiene was found satisfactory among the parents of preschool children visiting pediatric OPD of Dhulikhel Hospital.
Advancing sustainability: Using smartphones to study environmental behavior in a field-experimental setup

Ecological sustainability is the defining challenge of our time. Here we suggest a methodological approach that could help to investigate how environmental behavior (transport behavior, energy consumption, food consumption, goods consumption, wasting) dilemmas can be overcome on an individual level in real life by using smartphones to collect daily behavioral data in a field-experimental setup. Previous related studies are reviewed and we discuss how the boundaries of what can be done with smartphones for data collection and experimental purposes can be pushed further to allow for complex behavioral studies. Results from a pilot study are presented to discuss the feasibility and potential of this approach. The pilot shows that studying social dilemma behavior via smartphones is feasible and has potential value as a behavioral intervention tool.
Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGE trial.

OBJECTIVES
Rituximab is an effective treatment in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of the IMAGE study was to determine the efficacy of rituximab in the prevention of joint damage and its safety in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients initiating treatment with MTX.


METHODS
In this double-blind randomised controlled phase III study, 755 MTX-naïve patients with active RA were randomly assigned to MTX alone, rituximab 2×500 mg + MTX or rituximab 2×1000 mg + MTX. The primary end point at week 52 was the change in joint damage measured using a Genant-modified Sharp score.


RESULTS
249, 249 and 250 patients were randomly assigned to MTX alone, rituximab 2×500 mg + MTX or rituximab 2×1000 mg + MTX, respectively. At week 52, treatment with rituximab 2×1000 mg + MTX compared with MTX alone was associated with a reduction in progression of joint damage (mean change in total modified Sharp score 0.359 vs 1.079; p=0.0004) and an improvement in clinical outcomes (ACR50 65% vs 42%; p<0.0001); rituximab 2×500 mg + MTX improved clinical outcomes (ACR50 59% vs 42%; p<0.0001) compared with MTX alone but did not significantly reduce the progression of joint damage. Safety outcomes were similar between treatment groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with rituximab 2×1000 mg in combination with MTX is an effective therapy for the treatment of patients with MTX-naïve RA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00299104.
Relationship between Gender Roles and Sexual Assertiveness in Married Women


BACKGROUND
Evidence indicates that sexual assertiveness is one of the important factors affecting sexual satisfaction. According to some studies, traditional gender norms conflict with women's capability in expressing sexual desires. This study examined the relationship between gender roles and sexual assertiveness in married women in Mashhad, Iran.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 women who referred to Mashhad health centers through convenient sampling in 2014-15. Data were collected using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 by Pearson and Spearman's correlation tests and linear Regression Analysis.


RESULTS
The mean scores of sexual assertiveness was 54.93±13.20. According to the findings, there was non-significant correlation between Femininity and masculinity score with sexual assertiveness (P=0.069 and P=0.080 respectively). Linear regression analysis indicated that among the predictor variables, only Sexual function satisfaction was identified as the sexual assertiveness summary predictor variables (P=0.001).


CONCLUSION
Based on the results, sexual assertiveness in married women does not comply with gender role, but it is related to Sexual function satisfaction. So, counseling psychologists need to consider this variable when designing intervention programs for modifying sexual assertiveness and find other variables that affect sexual assertiveness.
Utilizing Estimated Creatinine Excretion to Improve the Performance of Spot Urine Samples for the Determination of Proteinuria in Kidney Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND
Agreement between spot and 24-hour urine protein measurements is poor in kidney transplant recipients. We investigated whether using formulae to estimate creatinine excretion rate (eCER), rather than assuming a standard creatinine excretion rate, would improve the estimation of proteinuria from spot urine samples in kidney transplant recipients.


METHODS
We measured 24 hour urine protein and albumin and spot albumin:creatinine (ACR) and spot protein:creatinine (PCR) in 181 Kidney transplant recipients." We utilized 6 different published formulae (Fotheringham, CKD-EPI, Cockcroft-Gault, Walser, Goldwasser and Rule) to estimate eCER and from it calculated estimated albumin and protein excretion rate (eAER and ePER). Bias, precision and accuracy (within 15%, 30% and 50%) of ACR, PCR, eAER, ePER were compared to 24-hour urine protein and albumin.


RESULTS
ACR and PCR significantly underestimated 24-hour albumin and protein excretion (ACR Bias (IQR), -5.9 mg/day; p< 0.01; PCR Bias, (IQR), -35.2 mg/day; p<0.01). None of the formulae used to calculate eAER or ePER had a bias that was significantly different from the 24-hour collection (eAER and ePER bias: Fotheringham -0.3 and 7.2, CKD-EPI 0.3 and 13.5, Cockcroft-Gault -3.2 and -13.9, Walser -1.7 and 3.1, Goldwasser -1.3 and -0.5, Rule -0.6 and 4.2 mg/day respectively. The accuracy for ACR and PCR were lower (within 30% being 38% and 43% respectively) than the corresponding values estimated by utilizing eCER (for eAER 46% to 49% and ePER 46-54%).


CONCLUSION
Utilizing estimated creatinine excretion to calculate eAER and ePER improves the estimation of 24-hour albuminuria/proteinuria with spot urine samples in kidney transplant recipients.
Puzzling robust 2D metallic conductivity in undoped β-Ga2O3 thin films

Abstract Here, we report the analogy of an extremely stable topological-like ultra-wide bandgap insulator, a solid that is a pure insulator in its bulk but has a metallic conductive surface, presenting a two-dimensional conductive channel at its surface that challenges our current thinking about semiconductor conductivity engineering. Nominally undoped epitaxial β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films without any detectable defect (after a range of state-of-the-art techniques) showed the unexpectedly low resistivity of 3 × 10 −2  Ωcm which was found to be also resistant to high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, 5 × 10 15 cm −2 dose) and was largely invariant (metallic) over the phenomenal temperature range of 2 K up to 850 K. The unique resilience and stability of the electrical properties under thermal and highly ionizing radiation stressing, combined with the extended transparency range (thanks to the ultra-wide bandgap) and the already known toughness under high electrical field could open up new perspectives for use as expanded spectral range transparent electrodes (e.g., for UV harvesting solar cells or UV LEDs/lasers) and robust Ohmic contacts for use in extreme environments/applications and for novel optoelectronic and power device concepts.
Toward a Wireless Open Source Instrument: Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Mobile Neuroergonomics and BCI Applications

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and neuroergonomics research have high requirements regarding robustness and mobility. Additionally, fast applicability and customization are desired. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly established technology with a potential to satisfy these conditions. EEG acquisition technology, currently one of the main modalities used for mobile brain activity assessment, is widely spread and open for access and thus easily customizable. fNIRS technology on the other hand has either to be bought as a predefined commercial solution or developed from scratch using published literature. To help reducing time and effort of future custom designs for research purposes, we present our approach toward an open source multichannel stand-alone fNIRS instrument for mobile NIRS-based neuroimaging, neuroergonomics and BCI/BMI applications. The instrument is low-cost, miniaturized, wireless and modular and openly documented on www.opennirs.org. It provides features such as scalable channel number, configurable regulated light intensities, programmable gain and lock-in amplification. In this paper, the system concept, hardware, software and mechanical implementation of the lightweight stand-alone instrument are presented and the evaluation and verification results of the instrument's hardware and physiological fNIRS functionality are described. Its capability to measure brain activity is demonstrated by qualitative signal assessments and a quantitative mental arithmetic based BCI study with 12 subjects.
Can we predict the prognosis of COPD with a routine blood test?

BACKGROUND
The major characteristic of COPD is systemic inflammation. The parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil-to-basophil ratio (EBR) in routine blood test (RBT) are considered to be the underlying biomarkers of inflammation. We hypothesized that the prognosis of patients with COPD can be predicted with RBT.


METHODS
Patients with COPD in stable stage were enrolled. The RBT, pulmonary function testing (PFT), BODE index, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were performed at enrollment and every follow-up once in every 3 months during the 24-month follow-up period. Meanwhile, exacerbation count and mortality incidence were recorded. The correlation between the prognostic biomarkers and the prognosis of patients was analyzed.


RESULTS
The NLR and EBR in RBT have a significant correlation with the severity of patients with COPD. The NLR is an independent predictor for mortality and the EBR is an independent predictor for exacerbation.


CONCLUSION
As an inexpensive, accessible, and convenient assay, RBT may be used as a practical means in the prediction of prognosis of patients with COPD in future clinical settings.
A Web Usage Mining Framework for Mining Evolving User Profiles in Dynamic Web Sites

This is an innovative work for the field of web usage mining. The main feature of our work a complete framework and findings in mining Web usage patterns from Web log files of a real Web site that has all the difficult aspects of real-life Web usage mining, including developing user profiles and external data describing an ontology of the Web content. We are presenting a method for discovering and tracking evolving user profiles. Profiles are also enriched with other domain-specific information facets that give a panoramic view of the discovered mass usage modes. An objective validation plan is also used to assess the quality of the mined profiles, in particular their adaptability in the face of evolving user behaviour. Keywords— Web mining, Cookies, Session.
A CMOS image sensor for 10Mb/s 70m-range LED-based spatial optical communication

Spatial optical communication has recently been of interest in the mobile local-area communication systems, especially in the automotive applications. It has many advantages over the radio communication such as robustness to jamming, human safety due to lack of electromagnetic waves and sender finding function. The image sensor communication (ISC) technology is useful for the spatial optical communication because to find the light source and to intensify the light energy density at the receiver, the optical receiver has to have signal light source finding and tracking functions. A few approaches for the ISC have been reported. CMOS ISC chips have been used for ID beacon detection [1] [2], where very low data rate is required. In an ISC chip for optical wireless LAN application [3], the data rate of several hundreds of MHz has been demonstrated. In this approach, however, photo-diode current of a 2-D detector array directly flows into external receiver circuits, and because of this, extremely large optical power using laser lights is required. The authors have reported an ISC chip for LED-light communications [4]. In this chip, the bit rate of 1Mb/s and the communication range of a few meters only have been demonstrated. Though the chip claims the function of signal light source tracking, no experimental results have been shown. This paper presents a CMOS ISC chip which demonstrates that the high-speed long-distance spatial optical communication over 10Mb/s and 50meters are realized for the system using LED light sources while attaining signal-light finding and tracking functions. The key techniques to improve the data rate and tracking performance are a new pixel structure using depleted diode, pulse equalizing, and binary flag image readout to find the exact area of light source.
The emergence of spacetime

We briefly review two concepts of time – the usual time associated with "being" and more recent ideas, answering to the description of "becoming". The approximation involved in the former is examined. Finally we argue that it is (unpredictable) fluctuations that underlie time.
Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in children: incidence and clinical characteristics.

OBJECTIVE
To determine incidence and clinical characteristics of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective analysis of patients with hospital-associated VTE at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1994 to 2009 was performed. Clinical characteristics of patients aged 21 years and younger who developed VTE symptoms after 2 days of hospitalization or <90 days after hospital discharge were examined. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to categorize patients with complex chronic medical conditions and trauma.


RESULTS
There were 270 episodes of hospital-associated VTE in 90,485 admissions (rate 30 per 10,000 admissions). Young adults (18-21 years) and adolescents (14-17 years) had significantly increased rates of VTE compared with children (2-9 years) (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 7.7, 95% CI 5.1-12.0; IRR 4.3, 95% CI 2.7-6.8, respectively). A central venous catheter (CVC) was present in 50% of patients, and a surgical procedure was performed in 45% of patients before VTE diagnosis. For patients without a CVC, trauma was the most common admitting diagnosis. CVC-related VTE was diagnosed most frequently in infants (<1 year old) and in patients with malignancy. Renal and cardiac diseases were associated with the highest rates of VTE (51 and 48 per 10,000, respectively). Rates were significantly higher among those with ≥ 4 medical conditions compared with those with 1 medical condition (IRR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4-8.9).


CONCLUSION
Older age and multiple medical conditions were associated with increased rates of hospital-associated VTE. These data can contribute to the design of future clinical trials to prevent hospital-associated VTE in high-risk children.
Algorithms for Designing Pop-Up Cards

We prove that every simple polygon can be made as a (2D) pop-up card/book that opens to any desired angle between 0 and 360◦. More precisely, given a simple polygon attached to the two walls of the open pop-up, our polynomial-time algorithm subdivides the polygon into a single-degree-of-freedom linkage structure, such that closing the pop-up flattens the linkage without collision. This result solves an open problem of Hara and Sugihara from 2009. We also show how to obtain a more efficient construction for the special case of orthogonal polygons, and how to make 3D orthogonal polyhedra, from pop-ups that open to 90◦, 180◦, 270◦, or 360◦. 1998 ACM Subject Classification I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
GEOMETRIC MODELS FOR THE ORIENTATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS

Images taken by high resolution optical satellite sensors are available with different product levels, starting with the original images over close to original images, improved by the sensor calibration, to projections to a plane with constant object height and orthoimages based on very course digital elevation models (DEMs). All imaging satellites are equipped with satellite positioning systems like GPS and attitude control systems. Some very high resolution optical satellite systems do have precise attitude determination systems allowing a geo-reference sufficient for some purposes. The direct sensor orientation is available as satellite position together with attitudes or as rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) describing the relation between object and image position by the relation of polynomials. An improvement of the orientation based on control points is necessary. The number and type of required unknowns is not the same for the different sensors. Images projected to a plane with constant height or a course DEM do require a different mathematical model for the correct georeferencing. For some of these image products no information about the sensor geometry is published, so a geometric reconstruction or a simplified mathematical model has to be used. In addition for some images additional parameters are required for reaching the highest possible accuracy. The geometric models for handling original images are well known, but some have to be improved by special adapted parameters for an optimal solution. Not in any case orientation parameters are available with acceptable accuracy, so in some cases nearly the whole orientation is not known. An overview about different solutions with advantages and disadvantages together with the achievable accuracy will be given.
Knowledge, management, and knowledge management in business operations

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to help knowledge managers systematically grasp ‘‘knowledge about management knowledge’’ and get a ‘‘deep and full’’ understanding of the nature, scope and methodologies of knowledge management. Design/methodology/approach – Through presenting a variety of perspectives on knowledge, management, and knowledge management, the article explores the essence of knowledge management in organizations from a perspective of critical systems thinking. Findings – Knowledge management in business organizations has the task of managing the activities of knowledge workers or the transformation and interaction of organizational ‘‘static substance knowledge’’ and ‘‘dynamic process knowledge’’ for ‘‘products, services, and practical process innovation’’ and, at the same time, ‘‘creating new or justifying existing organizational systematic knowledge’’. Knowledge management is not simply about recording and manipulating explicit knowledge, but needs to address that which is implicit, and from which benefit can therefore be derived only through process rather than content. Originality/value – The comprehensive review and classification of various management theories will expand both knowledge managers’ and knowledge workers’ understanding of the subject and provide a foundation for building a knowledge management toolkit in practice.
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Texture Transfer for Single Image Super-Resolution

While implicit generative models such as GANs have shown impressive results in high quality image reconstruction and manipulation using a combination of various losses, we consider a simpler approach leading to surprisingly strong results. We show that texture loss[1] alone allows the generation of perceptually high quality images. We provide a better understanding of texture constraining mechanism and develop a novel semantically guided texture constraining method for further improvement. Using a recently developed perceptual metric employing “deep features” and termed LPIPS [2], the method obtains state-of-the-art results. Moreover, we show that a texture representation of those deep features better capture the perceptual quality of an image than the original deep features. Using texture information, off-the-shelf deep classification networks (without training) perform as well as the best performing (tuned and calibrated) LPIPS metrics. The code is publicly available.