LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A multi-dimensional trust-aware cloud service selection mechanism based on evidential reasoning approach

In the last few years, cloud computing as a new computing paradigm has gone through significant development but also faces many problems. One of them is the cloud service selection problem, since increasingly boosting cloud services are offered through the Internet, while some of them may be not reliable or even malicious, thus how to select trustworthy cloud services for cloud users is a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional trust-aware cloud service selection mechanism based on Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach that integrates both perception-based trust value and reputation based trust value, which are derived from direct and indirect trust evidence respectively, to identify trustworthy services. Here, multi-dimensional trust evidence, which reflects the trustworthiness of cloud services from different aspects, is elicited in the form of historical users feedback ratings. Then, the ER approach is applied to aggregate the multi-dimensional trust ratings to attain the real-time trust value so as to select the most trustworthy cloud service of some certain type for the active users. Finally, the fresh feedback from the active users will update the trust evidence for other service users in the future.
Effects of baclofen on the functional anatomy of the oesophago-gastric junction and proximal stomach in healthy volunteers and patients with GERD assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution manometry: a randomised controlled double-blind study.

BACKGROUND
The mechanism of reflux protection may involve a 'flap valve' at the oesophago-gastric junction (OGJ).


AIM
To assess the effects of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type-B (GABA-B) agonist known to suppress reflux events, on the 'functional anatomy' of the OGJ and proximal stomach after a large test meal.


METHODS
Twelve healthy volunteers (HVs) and 12 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD); with erosive oesophagitis or pathological oesophageal acid exposure completed a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study. On 2 test days participants received 40-mg baclofen or placebo before ingestion of a large test meal. OGJ structure and function were assessed by high-resolution manometry (HRM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using validated methods. Measurements of the oesophago-gastric angle were derived from three-dimensional models reconstructed from anatomic MRI images. Cine-MRI and HRM identified postprandial reflux events. Mixed model analysis and Wilcoxon rank signed tests assessed differences between participant groups and treatment conditions.


RESULTS
In both HVs and GERD patients, baclofen reduced the frequency of postprandial reflux events. The oesophago-gastric insertion angle in GERD patients was reduced (-4.1 ± 1.8, P = 0.025), but was unchanged in healthy controls. In both study groups, baclofen augmented lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (HVs: +7.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, P < 0.0001, GERD: +4.50 ± 1.49 mmHg, P < 0.003) and increased LES length (HVs: +0.48 ± 0.11 cm, P < 0.0003, GERD: +0.35 ± 0.06 cm, P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Baclofen inhibits transient LES relaxations and augments LES pressure and length. Additionally, baclofen has effects on the 'functional anatomy' of the OGJ and proximal stomach in GERD patients, which may suppress reflux by means of a 'flap valve' mechanism.
Five Level Cryptography in Speech Processing using Multi Hash and Repositioning of Speech Elements

This paper proposes a cryptography technique for audio to increases the security of audio data meant to be transferred on an insecure medium. The audio is recorded in real time using microphone which is applied with five level of encryption which creates a cipher signal which is routed through an insecure line for the recipient who on receiving that signal decrypts the cipher signal in order to retrieve the signal back. The signal achieved in the proposed technique after decryption at the recipient end is a replica of the original signal which was meant for encryption. This cryptography process can take place for varied duration of audio data which can be recorded in real time system. The encrypted signal when played consists of hisses and clicking noise which holds no meaning to the third party who has intercepted that signal. Here encryption and decryption is applied in a sequential manner on the audio file. This technique is reliable in regenerate the audio data, which was previously encrypted by the sender. The proposed technique hides the audio data such that even if one level of encryption is broken the rest of the levels will still be there to prevent the actual audio data getting discovered by a third party. In the proposed technique two processes take place -encryption and decryption. This proposed technique is capable to regenerate the audio which is encrypted. It guarantees a highly accurate communication between the sender and receiver. Keywords— Cipher text, Cryptography, Decryption, Encryption, Key tables, Plain text, Speech processing.
A biregional survey and review of first-line treatment failure and second-line pediatric antiretroviral access and use in Asia and southern Africa

The article published in [1], contains incorrect data in Table 1 regarding the nationally recommended paediatric second-line ART regimen after NNRTI failure in India. This has been corrected. The editors and authors regret the inconvenience caused to readers by the error in the original paper.
Medication dosing errors in pediatric patients treated by emergency medical services.

BACKGROUND
Medication dosing errors occur in up to 17.8% of hospitalized children. There are limited data to describe pediatric medication errors by emergency medical services (EMS) paramedics. It has been shown that paramedics have infrequent encounters with pediatric patients.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize medication dosing errors in children treated by EMS.


METHODS
We studied patients aged ≤11 years who were treated by paramedics from eight Michigan EMS agencies from January 2004 through March 2006. We defined a medication dosing error as ≥20% deviation from the weight-appropriate dose, as determined by the patient's reported weight in the prehospital medical record or by use of the Broselow-Luten tape (BLT). We studied errors in administering six EMS medications commonly given to children: albuterol, atropine, dextrose, diphenhydramine, epinephrine, and naloxone.


RESULTS
There were 5,547 children aged ≤11 years who were treated during the study period, of whom 230 (4.1%) received drugs and had a documented weight. These patients received a total of 360 medication administrations. Multiple drug administrations occurred in 73 cases. Medication dosing errors occurred in 125 of the 360 drug administrations (34.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.0, 39.8). Relative drug dosage errors (with 95% CI) were as follows: albuterol 23.3% (18.4, 29.1), atropine 48.8% (34.3, 63.5), diphenhydramine 53.8% (29.1, 76.8), and epinephrine 60.9% (49.9, 73.9). The mean error (± standard deviation) for intravenous/intraosseous 1:1000 epinephrine overdoses was 808% ± 428%. The mean error (± standard deviation) for intravenous/intraosseous 1:1000 epinephrine underdoses was 35.5% ± 27.4%.


CONCLUSIONS
Medications delivered in the prehospital care of children were frequently administered outside of the proper dose range when compared with patient weights recorded in the prehospital medical record. EMS systems should develop strategies to reduce pediatric medication dosing errors.
Electrophysiologic Insights Into Site of Atrioventricular Block: Lessons From Permanent His Bundle Pacing.

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to report the feasibility of permanent His bundle pacing (HBP) in patients with advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) and electrophysiological observations into site of block in patients with infranodal AVB.


BACKGROUND
HBP is a physiological alternative to right ventricular pacing. Historic studies have reported a low incidence of intra-His AVB. Recent studies of permanent HBP reported limited success in patients with infranodal AVB.


METHODS
Consecutive patients with advanced AVB underwent permanent HBP using Medtronic 3830 lead (Minneapolis, Minnesota) and a fixed-shaped catheter (C315 His). The HB was mapped using unipolar recording from the lead tip or by pace mapping. Success of HBP, type of AVB, and pacing outcomes were documented. Patients were followed at 2 weeks, 2 months, and then yearly.


RESULTS
A total of 100 patients with advanced AVB (age 75 ± 12 years; male 62%; AV nodal 46%; infranodal 54%) underwent permanent HBP. HBP was successful in 84 patients (84%; AV nodal 93%, infranodal 76%). Mean procedure time was 71 ± 21 min, mean fluoroscopy time was 11 ± 6 min. Baseline QRS duration was 122 ± 27 ms; paced QRSd was 124 ± 22 ms. The HB pacing threshold at implant, 2 weeks, 2 months, and last follow-up (19 ± 12 months; range: 6 to 46 months) was 1.3 ± 0.9 V, 1.6 ± 1.0 V, 1.6 ± 1.1 V, and 1.7 ± 1.0 V at 0.5 ms, respectively. Five patients required lead revision.


CONCLUSIONS
Permanent HBP was successful in 84% of unselected patients with AVB. His-Purkinje conduction could be normalized in 76% of patients with infranodal block, suggesting intra-His block. Incidence of infra-His AVB was low (24%) in this series. Routine HBP in patients with AVB is feasible and safe for at least up to 18 months.
Computational Thinking in Education: Where does it Fit? A systematic literary review

Computational Thinking (CT) has been described as an essential skill which everyone should learn and can therefore include in their skill set. Seymour Papert [1] is credited as concretising Computational Thinking in 1980 but since Wing [2] popularised the term in 2006 and brought it to the international community’s attention, more and more research has been conducted on CT in education. The aim of this systematic literary review is to give educators and education researchers an overview of what work has been carried out in the domain, as well as potential gaps and opportunities that still exist. Overall it was found in this review that, although there is a lot of work currently being done around the world in many different educational contexts, the work relating to CT is still in its infancy. Along with the need to create an agreed-upon definition of CT lots of countries are still in the process of, or have not yet started, introducing CT into curriculums in all levels of education. It was also found that Computer Science/Computing, which could be the most obvious place to teach CT, has yet to become a mainstream subject in some countries, although this is improving. Of encouragement to educators is the wealth of tools and resources being developed to help teach CT as well as more and more work relating to curriculum development. For those teachers looking to incorporate CT into their schools or classes then there are bountiful options which include programming, hands-on exercises and more. The need for more detailed lesson plans and curriculum structure however, is something that could be of benefit to teachers. 1 Corresponding author 2 Table of
The impact of high pressure vs low pressure stent implantation on intimal hyperplasia and follow-up lumen dimensions; results of a randomized trial.

AIMS
Histology and retrospective clinical studies have indicated that the amount of neointimal hyperplasia is dependent on the arterial injury induced during stent implantation. This study analysed, prospectively, the impact of high vs low pressure stent implantation techniques using a second generation stent on intimal hyperplasia and follow-up lumen dimensions.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Post-intervention and follow-up (mean[+/-SD] 5.5+/-1.3 months) angiographic and intravascular ultrasound studies were performed on 120 Multi-Link HP stents randomized to implantation at either low (8-10 atm) or high (16-20 atm) pressure. Intravascular ultrasound measurements of the external elastic membrane, stent, and lumen cross-sectional area were performed at 1 mm axial increments. Peri-stent plaque+media cross-sectional area (external elastic membrane-stent cross-sectional area, intimal hyperplasia cross-sectional area (stent-lumen cross-sectional area at follow-up), intimal hyperplasia thickness and peri-stent tissue growth cross-sectional area (Deltapersistent plaque+media cross-sectional area) were calculated. Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated a larger minimal lumen cross-sectional area post-intervention in the high pressure group (7.3+/-2.0 vs 6.2+/-1.8 mm(2), P<0.001, high vs low pressure group, respectively). At follow-up, the mean intimal hyperplasia cross-sectional area (1.7+/-0.9 vs 1.5+/-0.8 mm(2), P=0.708), the mean intimal hyperplasia thickness (0.16+/-0.12 vs 0.16+/-0.12 mm, P=0.818) and peri-stent tissue proliferation cross-sectional area were not greater in the high pressure group. Thus, the minimal lumen cross-sectional area at follow-up continued to be greater (5.5+/-2.0 vs 4.7+/-1.7 mm(2), P=0.038) in the high pressure group.


CONCLUSIONS
High pressure stent implantation results in greater stent expansion even with the less rigid second generation Multi-Link stent. Larger lumen dimensions persist at follow-up, while intimal hyperplasia is not significantly greater after high pressure implantation compared to the low pressure technique.
Ethnic Polarization , Potential Con ict , and Civil Wars

This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic fractionalization, polarization, and conict. In recent years many authors have found empirical evidence that ethnic fractionalization has a negative e¤ect on growth. One mechanism that can explain this nexus is the e¤ect of ethnic heterogeneity on rent-seeking activities and the increase in potential conict, which is negative for investment. However the empirical evidence supporting the e¤ect of ethnic fractionalization on the incidence of civil conicts is very weak. Although ethnic fractionalization may be important for growth, we argue that the channel is not through an increase in potential ethnic conict. We discuss the appropriateness of indices of polarization to capture conictive dimensions. We develop a new measure of ethnic heterogeneity that satises the basic properties associated with the concept of polarization. The empirical section shows that this index of ethnic polarization is a signicant variable in the explanation of the incidence of civil wars. This result is robust to the presence of other indicators of ethnic heterogeneity, alternative sources of data for the construction of the indicators, and alternative data for civil wars. JEL Classication numbers: D74, D72, Z12, D63 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Economicas. We are grateful for comments by Antonio Villar, Joan Esteban, Paul Collier, Tim Besley and two anonymous referees. We thank the participants of seminars at the World Bank, Institut de la Mediterranea, Toulouse, Brown University, the European Economic Association Meetings and the Winter Meetings of the Econometric Society. We would like to thank Sergio Kurlat, Bill Easterly and Anke Hoe­ er for sharing their data with us. Financial support from the BBVA Foundation and the Spanish Secretary of Science and Technology (SEC2003-04429) is kindly acknowledged
Serious game design : supporting collaborative learning and investigating learners' experiences

.............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Tiivistelmä .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 List of original papers .................................................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Design and Analysis of Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine for Renewable Energy Applications

This paper presents the analysis of a brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) for renewable energy applications with an emphasis on the rotor design. The BDFRM stator includes two sets of windings, i.e., the control winding (CW) and power winding (PW). The PW is connected to the grid, while the CW links the grid by a power converter of fractional rating to regulate the operating speed. This reduces the converter cost, and the brushless configuration enhances the reliability. In this paper, the reluctance rotor of the BDFRM, which is similar to that of a synchronous reluctance machine, is designed and analyzed in order to improve the performance. The influence of the total MMF and its allocation to the two stator windings are also discussed in relation to the machine performance. Finite-element analysis is used for performance simulation. The experimental study validates the proposed design for a small BDFRM.
Analyzing Stock Market Movements Using Twitter Sentiment Analysis

In this paper we investigate the complex relationship between tweet board literature (like bullishness, volume, agreement etc) with the financial market instruments (like volatility, trading volume and stock prices). We have analyzed sentiments for more than 4 million tweets between June 2010 to July 2011 for DJIA, NASDAQ-100 and 13 other big cap technological stocks. Our results show high correlation (upto 0.88 for returns) between stock prices and twitter sentiments. Further, using Granger’s Causality Analysis, we have validated that the movement of stock prices and indices are greatly affected in the short term by Twitter discussions. Finally, we have implemented Expert Model Mining System (EMMS) to demonstrate that our forecasted returns give a high value of Rsquare (0.952) with low Maximum Absolute Percentage Error (MaxAPE) of 1.76% for Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Keywords-Stock market ; sentiment analysis ; Twitter ; microblogging ; social network analysis
IS DOING GOOD GOOD FOR YOU ? HOW CORPORATE CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS ENHANCE REVENUE GROWTH

This study examines the impact of corporate philanthropy growth on sales growth using a large sample of charitable contributions made by U.S. public companies from 1989 through 2000. Applying Granger causality tests, we find that charitable contributions are significantly associated with future revenue, whereas the association between revenue and future contributions is marginally significant at best. We then identify the mechanism underlying our findings. Our results are particularly pronounced for firms that are highly sensitive to consumer perception, where individual consumers are the predominant customers. In addition, we document a positive relationship between contributions and customer satisfaction. Overall, our evidence suggests that corporate philanthropy, under certain circumstances, furthers firms’ economic objectives. Copyright  2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of several parameters of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in predicting before surgery the metabolic effects of the removal of an adrenal incidentaloma.

CONTEXT
It is unknown whether the metabolic effects of the removal of an adrenal incidentaloma (AI) can be predicted by the assessment of cortisol hypersecretion before surgery.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of several criteria of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in predicting the metabolic outcome after adrenalectomy.


DESIGN
Retrospective longitudinal study.


PATIENTS
In 55 surgically treated AI patients (Group 1) before surgery and in 53 nontreated AI patients (Group 2) at the baseline, urinary free cortisol (UFC), cortisol after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone-suppression test (1 mg-DST), ACTH, and midnight serum cortisol (MSC) were measured. In Groups 1 and 2, metabolic parameters were evaluated before and 29.6 ± 13.8 months after surgery and at the baseline and after 35.2 ± 10.9 months respectively.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The improvement/worsening of weight, blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels (endpoints) was defined by the presence of a >5% weight decrease/increase and following the European Society of Cardiology or the ATP III criteria respectively. The accuracy of UFC, 1 mg-DST, ACTH, and MSC, singularly taken or in combination, in predicting the improvement/worsening of ≥ 2 endpoints was calculated.


RESULTS
The presence of ≥ 2 among UFC>70 μg/24 h (193 nmol/l), ACTH<10 pg/ml (2.2 pmol/l), 1 mg-DST>3.0 μg/dl (83 nmol/l) (UFC-ACTH-DST criterion) had the best accuracy in predicting the endpoints' improvement (sensitivity (SN) 65.2%, specificity (SP) 68.8%) after surgery. In the nontreated AI patients, this criterion predicted the worsening of ≥ 2 endpoints (SN 55.6%, SP 82.9%).


CONCLUSIONS
The UFC-ACTH-DST criterion seems to be the best for predicting the metabolic outcome in surgically treated AI patients.
An Overview on Cultural Geography and Research of Chinese Literature

Literature research from the perspective of cultural geography is to unfold the wholeness of literature by borrowing the form of geographical space.Chinese literature has undergone a process from a relatively static and closed regional research to a dynamic research of cultural geography,with "space" being the
TCGA Expedition: A Data Acquisition and Management System for TCGA Data

BACKGROUND
The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) is a National Cancer Institute effort to profile at least 500 cases of 20 different tumor types using genomic platforms and to make these data, both raw and processed, available to all researchers. TCGA data are currently over 1.2 Petabyte in size and include whole genome sequence (WGS), whole exome sequence, methylation, RNA expression, proteomic, and clinical datasets. Publicly accessible TCGA data are released through public portals, but many challenges exist in navigating and using data obtained from these sites. We developed TCGA Expedition to support the research community focused on computational methods for cancer research. Data obtained, versioned, and archived using TCGA Expedition supports command line access at high-performance computing facilities as well as some functionality with third party tools. For a subset of TCGA data collected at University of Pittsburgh, we also re-associate TCGA data with de-identified data from the electronic health records. Here we describe the software as well as the architecture of our repository, methods for loading of TCGA data to multiple platforms, and security and regulatory controls that conform to federal best practices.


RESULTS
TCGA Expedition software consists of a set of scripts written in Bash, Python and Java that download, extract, harmonize, version and store all TCGA data and metadata. The software generates a versioned, participant- and sample-centered, local TCGA data directory with metadata structures that directly reference the local data files as well as the original data files. The software supports flexible searches of the data via a web portal, user-centric data tracking tools, and data provenance tools. Using this software, we created a collaborative repository, the Pittsburgh Genome Resource Repository (PGRR) that enabled investigators at our institution to work with all TCGA data formats, and to interrogate these data with analysis pipelines, and associated tools. WGS data are especially challenging for individual investigators to use, due to issues with downloading, storage, and processing; having locally accessible WGS BAM files has proven invaluable.


CONCLUSION
Our open-source, freely available TCGA Expedition software can be used to create a local collaborative infrastructure for acquiring, managing, and analyzing TCGA data and other large public datasets.