LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Tool to Evaluate Different Renovation Alternatives with Regard to Sustainability

In Sweden and in other countries, building owners are encouraged to help reduce energy consumption, both in order to contribute to national energy saving goals and, in terms of their own interests, to reduce the costs of heating and operation of the building. However, it is important to pursue the most optimal strategy available so as to achieve cost-effective energy usage while simultaneously maintaining excellent indoor environments, without sacrificing the architectural quality or negatively affecting the environment. Building managers often do not have the time or expertise required to make a proper evaluation of the available options before making a final decision. Renovation measures are often considered in the light of repaying investments in a short time rather than taking into account life cycle costs, despite the fact that a thoughtful, comprehensive renovation is often more cost-effective in the long run. This article presents a systematic approach for evaluating different renovation alternatives based on sustainability criteria. A methodology has been developed to evaluate different renovation alternatives from environmental, economic, and social perspectives. The benefit of using the proposed methodology is that building managers who face a major renovation work are provided with a clear comparison between the different renovation options, viewed from a sustainability perspective, this may facilitate, in the long run, a culture in which renovation measures which involve marginally increased costs, but are seen to lead to significant environmental and social benefits, will be considered and carried out. OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 4228
Microcontroller Based EOG Guided Wheelchair

A new cost effective, eye controlled method was introduced to guide and control a wheel chair for disable people, based on Electrooculography (EOG). The guidance and control is effected by eye ball movements within the socket. The system consists of a standard electric wheelchair with an on-board microcontroller system attached. EOG is a new technology to sense the eye signals for eye movements and these signals are captured using electrodes, signal processed such as amplification, noise filtering, and then given to microcontroller which drives the motors attached with wheel chair for propulsion. This technique could be very useful in applications such as mobility for handicapped and paralyzed persons. Keywords—Electrooculography, Microcontroller, Signal processing, Wheelchair.
Collaboration, Dialogue, and Human-Robot Interaction

Teleoperation can be improved if humans and robots work as partners, exchanging information and assisting one another to achieve common goals. In this paper, we discuss the importance of collaboration and dialogue in human-robot systems. We then present collaborative control, a system model in which human and robot collaborate, and describe its use in vehicle teleoperation.
Practical domain-specific debuggers using the Moldable Debugger framework

Understanding the run-time behaviour of software systems can be a challenging activity. Debuggers are an essential category of tools used for this purpose as they give developers direct access to the running systems. Nevertheless, traditional debuggers rely on generic mechanisms to introspect and interact with the running systems, while developers reason about and formulate domain-specific questions using concepts and abstractions from their application domains. This mismatch creates an abstraction gap between the debugging needs and the debugging support leading to an inefficient and error-prone debugging effort, as developers need to recover concrete domain concepts using generic mechanisms. To reduce this gap, and increase the efficiency of the debugging process, we propose a framework for developing domain-specific debuggers, called the Moldable Debugger, that enables debugging at the level of the application domain. The Moldable Debugger is adapted to a domain by creating and combining domain-specific debugging operations with domain-specific debugging views, and adapts itself to a domain by selecting, at run time, appropriate debugging operations and views. To ensure the proposed model has practical applicability (i.e., can be used in practice to build real debuggers), we discuss, from both a performance and usability point of view, three implementation strategies. We further motivate the need for domain-specific debugging, identify a set of key requirements and show how our approach improves debugging by adapting the debugger to several domains.
Neural ideals and stimulus space visualization

A neural code C is a collection of binary vectors of a given length n that record the co-firing patterns of a set of neurons. Our focus is on neural codes arising from place cells, neurons that respond to geographic stimulus. In this setting, the stimulus space can be visualized as subset of R 2 covered by a collection U of convex sets such that the arrangement U forms an Euler diagram for C. There are some methods to determine whether such a convex realization U exists; however, these methods do not describe how to draw a realization. In this work, we look at the problem of algorithmically drawing Euler diagrams for neural codes using two polynomial ideals: the neural ideal, a pseudo-monomial ideal; and the neural toric ideal, a binomial ideal. In particular, we study how these objects are related to the theory of piercings in information visualization, and we show how minimal generating sets of the ideals reveal whether or not a code is 0, 1, or 2-inductively pierced.
Water and technology in Levantine society, 1300-1900 : an historical, archaeological and architectural analysis

This book offers a study of water mills in Jordan, Cyprus and some parts of Syria. The main aim of the project was to document as many existing structures as possible due to the rapid development of rural areas, and a fear that these important historical features of the landscape would soon disappear.
Interactive Multiresolution Surface Viewing

Multiresolution analysis has been proposed as a basic tool supporting compression, progressive transmission, and level-of-detail control of complex meshes in a unified and theoretically sound way. We extend previous work on multiresolution analysis of meshes in two ways. First, we show how to perform multiresolution analysis of colored meshes by separately analyzing shape and color. Second, we describe efficient algorithms and data structures that allow us to incrementally construct lower resolution approximations to colored meshes from the geometry and color wavelet coefficients at interactive rates. We have integrated these algorithms in a prototype mesh viewer that supports progressive transmission, dynamic display at a constant frame rate independent of machine characteristics and load, and interactive choice of tradeoff between the amount of detail in geometry and color. The viewer operates as a helper application to Netscape, and can therefore be used to rapidly browse and display complex geometric models stored on the World Wide Web. CR
Phase I study of intermittent oral dosing of the insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors inhibitor OSI-906 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE
We determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary activity of OSI-906, a potent, oral, dual inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR), in patients with advanced solid tumors.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
This was a multicenter, open-label, dose escalation phase I study evaluating three intermittent dosing schedules of once-daily OSI-906 [schedule (S) 1, days 1-3 every 14 days; S2, days 1-5 every 14 days; S3, days 1-7 every 14 days]. A fed-fasting expansion cohort was included in the study.


RESULTS
Seventy-nine patients were enrolled: 62 in S1, 4 in S2, and 13 in S3. S2 was discontinued. Dose-limiting toxicity comprised grade 3-4 hyperglycemia, vomiting, fatigue, and prolonged QTc interval. The MTD and recommended phase II dose of OSI-906 was 600 mg for both S1 and S3 schedules. Other common adverse events were grade 1-2 nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. The pharmacokinetics of OSI-906 was dose linear, and the terminal half-life ranged between 2 and 6 hours. High-fat meals had a moderate effect on the pharmacokinetics of OSI-906. At the MTD, inhibition of IGF1R and IR was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. An increase in plasma IGF1 concentrations, an indirect measure of IGF1R signaling inhibition, was seen at doses ≥ 450 mg. Two patients with adrenocortical carcinoma achieved partial responses.


CONCLUSION
The MTD of 600 mg was well tolerated and associated with preliminary antitumor activity. These data support further evaluation of OSI-906 in solid tumors.
Practitioner review: Non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD: a lifespan approach.

BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic and pervasive developmental disorder that is not restricted to the childhood years.


METHODS
This paper reviews non-pharmacological interventions that are available at present for preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents and adults.


RESULTS
The most appropriate intervention for preschoolers is parent training. For school-age children with moderate impairments there is some evidence to suggest that group parent training programmes and classroom behavioural interventions may suffice as a first-line treatment. For school-age children with severe impairments, interventions are more appropriate when combined with stimulant medication (i.e., integrated treatment packages are likely to be more successful than 'standalone' treatments). Multimodal interventions seem to be best suited for middle school/adolescent children, which most likely reflects that these interventions usually integrate home and school treatment strategies and often include an element of social skills training. Stimulant medication is generally the first line of treatment for adults but CBT has also been found to be effective at addressing the complex needs of this population.


CONCLUSION
Current research has largely ignored that ADHD is a developmental disorder that spans the preschool to adult years. Most studies focus on young school-age children and outside of this age group there is a dearth of controlled trials that provide conclusive evidence. As children mature the mode and agent of intervention will shift to reflect the developmental needs and circumstances of the individual.
The Role of Environmental Control on Environmental Satisfaction, Communication, and Psychological Stress: Effects of Office Ergonomics Training

The main purpose of this quasi–field experiment was to test whether an office ergonomics training program reduces employees’ psychological stress and improves their environmental control, environmental satisfaction, and communication levels. A conceptual model was developed and used to test these relationships. Preintervention and postintervention survey data were collected from 89 knowledge workers. The office ergonomics training program significantly improved workers’ self-reported perceptions of environmental control, satisfaction with the work environment, and the degree to which the environment supported communication with coworkers. However, psychological stress was unchanged. Environmental control was found to mediate the relationship between preenvironmental and postenvironmental satisfaction. Overall, the results confirm the importance of incorporating ergonomics training into office workplaces to enhance the effective use of work environments and of knowledge workers’ sense of control and environmental satisfaction. 617 ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR, Vol. 36 No. 5, September 2004 617-637 DOI: 10.1177/0013916503262543 © 2004 Sage Publications © 2004 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on April 14, 2008 http://eab.sagepub.com Downloaded from
Cutaneous effects of smoking.

BACKGROUND
Cigarette smoking is the single biggest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a significant public health concern. While known to be strongly associated with a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancers, smoking also leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations.


OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages.


METHODS
A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1966-2004) for English-language articles using the MeSH terms cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, and smoking. An additional search was subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated mucocutanous diseases, with the focus on pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports were preferentially selected.


RESULTS
Smoking is strongly associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including poor wound healing, wrinkling and premature skin aging, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hair loss, oral cancers, and other oral conditions. In addition, it has an impact on the skin lesions observed in diabetes, lupus, and AIDS. The evidence linking smoking and melanoma, eczema, and acne is inconclusive. Anecdotal data exist on the possible protective effects of smoking in oral/genital aphthosis of Behçet's disease, herpes labialis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acral melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients.


CONCLUSIONS
An appreciation of the adverse cutaneous consequences of smoking is important. Dermatologists can play an integral role in promoting smoking cessation by providing expert opinion and educating the public on the deleterious effects of smoking on the skin.
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts for Detecting Concept Drift

0167-8655/$ see front matter 2011 Published by doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2011.08.019 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0) 2075940990; E-mail addresses: gordon.ross03@ic.ac.uk, gr203@i ic.ac.uk (N.M. Adams), d.tasoulis@ic.ac.uk (D.K. Tas Hand). Classifying streaming data requires the development of methods which are computationally efficient and able to cope with changes in the underlying distribution of the stream, a phenomenon known in the literature as concept drift. We propose a new method for detecting concept drift which uses an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart to monitor the misclassification rate of an streaming classifier. Our approach is modular and can hence be run in parallel with any underlying classifier to provide an additional layer of concept drift detection. Moreover our method is computationally efficient with overhead O(1) and works in a fully online manner with no need to store data points in memory. Unlike many existing approaches to concept drift detection, our method allows the rate of false positive detections to be controlled and kept constant over time. 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Real life management of community-acquired Pneumonia in adults in the Gulf region and comparison with practice guidelines: a prospective study

BACKGROUND
Very few data exist on the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients admitted to hospitals in the Gulf region. The objectives of this study were to describe treatment patterns for CAP in 38 hospitals in five Gulf countries (United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar) and to compare the findings to the most recent Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines.


METHODS
This was a prospective, observational study conducted between January 2009 and February 2011. Adult patients hospitalised (excluding intensive care units) for CAP and subsequently discharged were included. Data were collected retrospectively at hospital discharge, and prospectively during two follow-up visits. Data on medical history, mortality-risk scores, diagnostic criteria, antibiotic treatment, isolated pathogens and clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected. Care practices were compared to the IDSA/ATS guidelines.


RESULTS
A total of 684 patients were included. The majority (82.9 %) of patients were classified as low risk for mortality (pneumonia severity index II and III). The majority of patients fulfilled criteria for treatment success at discharge, although only 77.6 % presented a normalised leukocyte count. Overall, the management of CAP in Gulf countries is in line with the IDSA/ATS guidelines. This applied to the diagnosis of CAP, to the identification of high-risk CAP patients, to the identification of etiologic agent responsible for CAP and to the type of treatment despite the fact that combinations of antimicrobial agents were not consistent with the guidelines in 10 % of patients. In all patients, information about Gram's staining was not captured as recommended by the IDSA/ATS and in the majority of patients (>85 %) chest radiography was not systematically performed at the post-discharge follow-up visits.


DISCUSSION
The management of CAP in the Gulf region is globally in line with current IDSA/ATS guidelines, although rates of pathogen characterisation and post-discharge follow-up need to be improved.


CONCLUSION
Compliance with established guidelines should be encouraged in order to improve the management of the disease in this region.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression by computer vs. therapist: patient experiences and therapeutic processes.

Abstract This case series compares patient experiences and therapeutic processes between two modalities of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression: computerized CBT (cCBT) and therapist-delivered CBT (tCBT). In a mixed-methods repeated-measures case series, six participants were offered cCBT and tCBT in sequence, with the order of delivery randomized across participants. Questionnaires about patient experiences were administered after each session and a semi-structured interview was completed with each participant at the end of each therapy modality. Therapy expectations, patient experiences and session impact ratings in this study generally favoured tCBT. Participants typically experienced cCBT sessions as less meaningful, less positive and less helpful compared to tCBT sessions in terms of developing understanding, facilitating problem-solving and building a therapeutic relationship.
A machine learning approach to student modeling

Abstract : The notion of buggy procedures has played an important role in recent cognitive models of mathematical skills. The authors review some earlier work on student modeling, in which Artificial Intelligence methods have been used to automatically construct buggy models of student behavior. They then propose an alternate approach to student modeling that draws on insights from the rapidly developing field of machine learning, and describe ACN, a student modeling system that incorporates this approach. This system begins with a set of overly general rules, which it uses to search a problem space until it arrives at the same answer as the student. The ACM computer program then uses the solution path it has discovered to determine positive and negative instances of its initial rules, and employs a discrimination learning mechanism to place additional conditions on these rules. The revised rules will reproduce the solution path without search, and constitute a cognitive model of the student's behavior. The authors examine ACM's operation in the domain of multi-column subtraction problems, and propose some extensions that should be included in future versions of the system. Finally, they discuss the generality, psychological validity, and practical utility of this approach to student modeling. (Author)
Patient selection and radiotherapy volume definition - can we improve the weakest links in the treatment chain?

Hospitals can be dangerous places, but radiotherapy has long been one of the safest medical domains [1]. We are reminded of the inherent dangers of radiation by the legal framework in which we practice, but also by a culture d particularly among radiographers and physicists d of great respect for the tools we wield. Our speciality has an enviable focus on systems rather than people in its approach to error management. As humans we are all fallible, so we need systematic processes to detect incidents and near misses before they become major errors [2]. The Patient Safety in Radiotherapy Steering Group has helped to foster this culture of safety by designing an incident reporting system that collects data about incidents and near misses to a national database, enabling systemic problems to be recognised and acted upon [3]. By improving error reporting systems and checking mechanisms, we can prevent mistakes before they reach the patient. These error reporting systems only work if we recognise where the errors might occur. However, there are two critical places in the radiotherapy pathway that are largely unchecked and unmonitored d patient selection and volume definition. An error at either point may mean the patient receives inappropriate treatment. Both involve physicians more than anyone else.
Accentuated antagonism by angiotensin II on guinea-pig cardiac L-type Ca-currents enhanced by β-adrenergic stimulation

 To examine mechanism(s) underlying the accentuated antagonism by angiotensin II (A-II) on twitch tension, we recorded L-type Ca2+ currents (I Ca,L) using conventional patch-clamp techniques in single, guinea-pig, ventricular myocytes. I Ca,L was recorded by a step-pulse protocol after eliminating K+ conductances (internal Cs+ plus tetraethylammonium chloride and K+-free extracellular solution). A-II (100 nM) did not affect basal I Ca,L, but inhibited I Ca,L that had been enhanced (approximately 200% of control) by (ISO, isoproterenol 100 nM). The inhibitory action of A-II was concentration dependent (concentration eliciting 50% inhibition 88±9 pM, n=41) and the ISO-enhanced component of I Ca,L was completely blocked by A-II at concentrations above 10 nM. CV-11974 (500 nM), an A-II type-1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, prevented the inhibitory action of A-II. Pre-incubation with pertussis toxin (PTX) abolished the inhibitory effect of A-II. A-II also inhibited the I Ca,L enhanced by histamine (500 nM) and forskolin (1 µM), but failed to affect I Ca,L enhanced by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1 mM). The inhibitory action of A-II may therefore involve AT1 receptors/PTX-sensitive, guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins (Gi)/adenylate cyclase and partially explains the A-II-dependent accentuated antagonism of inotropy.
SOLUTION TO THE LHC INVERSE PROBLEM

The "LHC Inverse Problem" refers to the question of determining the underlying physical theory giving rise to the signals expected to be seen at the Large Hadron Collider. The solution to this problem (Bard) is reviewed. The combination of CDF and D0 data is motivated.