LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog.

OBJECTIVE
To study dimensional alterations of the alveolar ridge that occurred following tooth extraction as well as processes of bone modelling and remodelling associated with such change.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twelve mongrel dogs were included in the study. In both quadrants of the mandible incisions were made in the crevice region of the 3rd and 4th premolars. Minute buccal and lingual full thickness flaps were elevated. The four premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were removed. The extraction sites were covered with the mobilized gingival tissue. The extractions of the roots and the sacrifice of the dogs were staggered in such a manner that all dogs contributed with sockets representing 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing. The animals were sacrificed and tissue blocks containing the extraction socket were dissected, decalcified in EDTA, embedded in paraffin and cut in the buccal-lingual plane. The sections were stained in haematoxyline-eosine and examined in the microscope.


RESULTS
It was demonstrated that marked dimensional alterations occurred during the first 8 weeks following the extraction of mandibular premolars. Thus, in this interval there was a marked osteoclastic activity resulting in resorption of the crestal region of both the buccal and the lingual bone wall. The reduction of the height of the walls was more pronounced at the buccal than at the lingual aspect of the extraction socket. The height reduction was accompanied by a "horizontal" bone loss that was caused by osteoclasts present in lacunae on the surface of both the buccal and the lingual bone wall.


CONCLUSIONS
The resorption of the buccal/lingual walls of the extraction site occurred in two overlapping phases. During phase 1, the bundle bone was resorbed and replaced with woven bone. Since the crest of the buccal bone wall was comprised solely of bundle this modelling resulted in substantial vertical reduction of the buccal crest. Phase 2 included resorption that occurred from the outer surfaces of both bone walls. The reason for this additional bone loss is presently not understood.
A standardized quality assessment system to evaluate pain detection and management in the nursing home.

CONTEXT
Assessment and management of pain for nursing home residents is frequently reported to be inadequate, yet few studies have used objective criteria to measure the quality of care related to pain.


OBJECTIVE
Field test a standardized resident interview and medical record review protocol to assess and score quality indicators relevant to pain.


DESIGN
Descriptive.


SETTING
Thirty nursing homes (NHs).


PARTICIPANTS
Seven hundred ninety-four residents met overall eligibility criteria. Quality indicators were scored for those residents who met specific eligibility requirements for each pain indicator.


MEASUREMENTS
Medical record reviews were completed for 542 participants, and data were used to score 12 indicators related to pain assessment, management, and response to treatment. A seven-item pain interview was attempted with all 794 participants and completed with 478 participants who were rated by NH staff as cognitively aware.


RESULTS
Quality indicators could be reliably scored. Physicians scored low on assessment of pain, performing targeted history and physical examinations, documenting risk factors for use of analgesics, and documenting response to treatment. Forty-eight percent of participants (227/478) reported symptoms of chronic pain during the interview, and 81% of this group reported a preference for a pain medication. However, nearly half had no physician assessment of pain in the past year and only 42% were receiving pain medication. Licensed nurse assessments of pain were documented weekly; but, more than 50% of those reporting symptoms of chronic pain on interview had nurse pain scores of 0 for 4 consecutive weeks prior to interview.


CONCLUSIONS
Infrequent or incomplete physician pain assessment and treatment and inaccurate documentation by licensed nurses limits evaluation of pain care quality based on medical record review alone. A brief resident interview identified participants reporting symptoms of chronic pain not documented in the medical record and those with a preference for medication. Initial targeting of residents with self-reported pain maximizes the efficiency of the standardized scoring system described in this study. Focusing on explicit process measures clearly identifies areas for improvement and represents an important step in assessing the quality of pain care in the NH.
Outranking methods in support of supplier selection

Initial purchasing decisions such as make-or-buy decisions and supplier selection are decisions of strategic importance to companies. The nature of these decisions usually is complex and unstructured. Management Science techniques might be helpful tools for this kind of decision making problems. So far, however, the application of outranking methods in purchasing decisions has not been suggested in purchasing or operations research literature. In this paper we show by means of a supplier selection example, that an outranking approach may be very well suited as a decision-making tool for initial purchasing decisions. ( 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing.

Although some have heralded recent political and cultural developments as signaling the arrival of a postracial era in America, several legal and social controversies regarding "reverse racism" highlight Whites' increasing concern about anti-White bias. We show that this emerging belief reflects Whites' view of racism as a zero-sum game, such that decreases in perceived bias against Blacks over the past six decades are associated with increases in perceived bias against Whites-a relationship not observed in Blacks' perceptions. Moreover, these changes in Whites' conceptions of racism are extreme enough that Whites have now come to view anti-White bias as a bigger societal problem than anti-Black bias.
Terra Firma-Forme Dermatosis.

A 12-year-old girl with a history of alopecia areata and vitiligo presented with an asymptomatic brownish dirt-like lesion on the left postauricular skin of approximately 3 years of duration. The patient and her mother tried to clean the “dirt” with water and soap without success. There was no history of rapid weight gain. She had no history of an inflammatory dermatosis in the affected area. Physical examination revealed a dirt-like brownish plaque on the left postauricular skin (Figure 1). Rubbing of the lesion with a 70% isopropyl alcohol-soaked gauze pad and pressure resulted in complete disappearance of the lesion (Figure 2). A diagnosis of terra firma-forme dermatosis was, thus, confirmed. Terra firma-forme dermatosis is characterized by an asymptomatic brownish-black, dirt-like patch/plaque. Affected individuals often have normal hygiene habits. Characteristically, the lesion cannot be removed by conventional washing with soap and water but can be removed by wiping with isopropyl alcohol while applying some pressure. Terra firmaforme dermatosis is most frequently seen in prepubertal children and adolescents. It is believed that the condition results from delayed maturation of keratinocytes with incomplete development of keratin squames, and retention of keratinocytes and melanin within the epidermis. Sites of predilection include the neck, followed by the ankles and trunk. The main differential diagnoses are dermatosis neglecta and acanthosis nigricans. Dermatosis neglecta typically affects individuals of any age with neglected hygiene. The lesions can be removed with normal washing with soap and water as well as with alcohol swab or cotton ball. The lesion of acanthosis nigricans consists of dark, velvety thickening of the skin usually on the nape and sides of the neck. The condition is most commonly associated with obesity. The hyperpigmentation or “dirt” cannot be removed either by normal washing with soap and water or alcohol swab or cotton ball. ■
Quantum Corrections to Monopoles

We summarize our recent work on low energy quantum corrections to monopoles in N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The details maybe found in [1].
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SITUATION AWARENESS: VALIDITY AND USE OF SAGAT

Introduction The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), is a global tool developed to assess SA across all of its elements based on a comprehensive assessment of operator SA requirements (Endsley, 1987b; 1988b; 1990c). Using SAGAT, a simulation employing a system of interest is frozen at randomly selected times and operators are queried as to their perceptions of the situation at that time. The system displays are blanked and the simulation is suspended while subjects quickly answer questions about their current perceptions of the situation. As a global measure, SAGAT includes queries about all operator SA requirements, including Level 1 (perception of data), Level 2 (comprehension of meaning) and Level 3 (projection of the near future) components. This includes a consideration of system functioning and status as well as relevant features of the external environment. SAGAT queries allow for detailed information about subject SA to be collected on an element by element basis that can be evaluated against reality, thus providing an objective assessment of operator SA. This type of assessment is a direct measure of SA — it taps into the operator's perceptions rather than infers them from behaviors that may be influenced by many other factors besides SA. Furthermore it does not require subjects or observers to make judgments about situation knowledge on the basis of incomplete information, as subjective assessments do. By collecting samples of SA data in this manner, situation perceptions can be collected immediately (while fresh in the operators’ minds), reducing numerous problems incurred when collecting data on mental events after the fact, but not incurring intrusiveness problems associated with on-line questioning. Multiple “snapshots” of operators’ SA can be acquired in this way, providing an index of the quality of SA provided by a particular design. By including queries across the full spectrum of an operator’s SA requirements, this approach minimizes possible biasing of attention, as subjects cannot prepare for the queries in advance since they could be queried over almost every aspect of the situation to which they would normally attend. The method is not without some costs, however, as a detailed analysis of SA requirements is required in order to develop the battery of queries to be administered.
Observer agreement in the assessment of endovascular aneurysm therapy and aneurysm recurrence.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Assessments of completeness of endovascular cerebral aneurysm therapy are commonly reported in the literature. We studied several aneurysm assessment scales with regard to observer variability, which directly affects validity of these scales.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Initial aneurysm occlusion and occlusion at a follow-up angiogram at 3-6 months were assessed independently by 2 experienced observers. Assessments of each aneurysm were made using 3 different scales: 4-response (complete, dog ear, neck remnant, incomplete), 3-response (complete, near-complete, incomplete), and 2-response (complete or near-complete, incomplete). Assessments were also made of comparisons of initial treatment angiogram with follow-up angiogram using 2 different scales: 3-response (better, same, worse) and 2-point response (not worse, worse).


RESULTS
With assessments of both initial and follow-up angiograms, interobserver and intraobserver agreement was progressively worse with increasing response choices in the scales. Observer agreement on assessments of initial angiograms (kappa values 0.48-0.67) was worse than that for follow-up angiograms (kappa values 0.66-0.97). For the comparisons of the initial angiogram with the follow-up angiogram, there was worse observer agreement with the 3-response scale (kappa values 0.64-0.71) than with the 2-response scale (kappa values 0.78-0.89).


CONCLUSION
Interobserver and intraobserver variability are inherent to assessment scales of completeness of cerebral aneurysm therapy. Observer variability is substantially better in scales that offer fewer observer responses. However, scales with fewer observer responses may not identify aneurysm subgroups that have differing risks of recurrence and/or rehemorrhage.
Validation of the classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to validate the classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CV).


METHODS
Twenty-three centres were involved. New patients with CV (group A) and controls, i.e. subjects with serum cryoglobulins but lacking CV based on the gold standard of clinical judgment (group B) and subjects without cryoglobulins but with clinical features that can be observed in the course of CV (group C), were studied. Positivity of serum cryoglobulins was necessary for CV classification. Sensitivity and specificity of the criteria were calculated by comparing group A vs group B. The group A vs group C comparison was done to demonstrate the possible diagnostic utility of the criteria.


RESULTS
The study included 268 patients in group A, 182 controls in group B and 193 controls in group C (small vessel vasculitis, 51.8%). The questionnaire (at least 2/3 positive answers) showed 89.0% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity; the clinical item (at least 3/4 clinical involvement) showed 75.7% sensitivity and 89.0% specificity and the laboratory item (at least 2/3 laboratory data) showed 80.2% sensitivity and 62.4% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification criteria (at least 2/3 positive items) were 89.9% and 93.5%, respectively. The comparison of group A with group C demonstrated the clinical utility of the criteria in differentiating CV from CV mimickers.


CONCLUSION
Classification criteria for CV were validated in a second, large, international study confirming good sensitivity and specificity in a complex systemic disease.
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health-Related Quality of Life Among People With Coronary Heart Disease, 2007

INTRODUCTION
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) refers to a person's or group's perceived physical and mental health over time. Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects HRQOL and likely varies among groups. This study examined disparities in HRQOL among adults with self-reported CHD.


METHODS
We examined disparities in HRQOL by using the unhealthy days measurements among adults who self-reported CHD in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System state-based telephone survey. CHD was based on self-reported medical history of heart attack, angina, or coronary heart disease. We assessed differences in fair/poor health status, 14 or more physically unhealthy days, 14 or more mentally unhealthy days, 14 or more total unhealthy days (total of physically and mentally unhealthy days), and 14 or more activity-limited days. Multivariate logistic regression models included age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, annual household income, household size, and health insurance coverage.


RESULTS
Of the population surveyed, 35,378 (6.1%) self-reported CHD. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Native Americans were more likely to report fair/poor health status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.7), 14 or more total unhealthy days (AOR, 1.6), 14 or more physically unhealthy days (AOR, 1.7), and 14 or more activity-limited days (AOR, 1.9). Hispanics were more likely than non-Hispanic whites to report fair/poor health status (AOR, 1.5) and less likely to report 14 or more activity-limited days (AOR, 0.5), and Asians were less likely to report 14 or more activity-limited days (AOR, 0.2). Non-Hispanic blacks did not differ in unhealthy days measurements from non-Hispanic whites. The proportion reporting 14 or more total unhealthy days increased with increasing age, was higher among women than men, and was lower with increasing levels of education and income.


CONCLUSION
There are sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in HRQOL among people with CHD. Tailoring interventions to people who have both with CHD and poor HRQOL may assist in the overall management of CHD.
Computed tomography model-based treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial macro-re-entrant tachycardia

AIMS
Accurate orientation within true three-dimensional (3D) anatomies is essential for the successful radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial macro-re-entrant tachycardia (MRT). In this prospective study, ablation of AF and MRT was performed exclusively using a pre-acquired and integrated computed tomography (CT) image for anatomical 3D orientation without electro-anatomic reconstruction of the left atrium (LA).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Fifty-four consecutive patients suffering from AF (n = 36) and/or MRT (n = 18) underwent RF catheter ablation. A 3D CT image was registered into the NavX-Ensite system without reconstruction of the atrial chamber anatomy. The quality of CT alignment was assessed and validated according to fluoroscopy information, electrogram characteristics, and tactile feedback at 31 pre-defined LA control points. The ablation of AF as well as mapping and ablation of MRT was performed within the 3D CT anatomy. In all patients, mapping and ablation could be performed without the reconstruction of the respective atrial chamber anatomy. The overall CT alignment was highly accurate with true surface contact in 90% (84%; 100%) of the control points. Complete isolation of all pulmonary vein (PV) funnels was achieved in 35 of 36 patients (97%) with AF. In patients with persistent AF (n = 11), additional isolation of the posterior LA (box lesion) and the placement of a mitral isthmus line were performed. The MRT mechanisms were as follows: around a PV ostium (n = 6), perimitral (n = 4), through LA roof (n = 5), septal (n = 2), and around left atrial appendage (n = 1). After a follow-up of 122 +/- 33 days, 22/25 (88%) patients with paroxysmal AF, 8/11 (73%) with persistent AF, and 16/18 (89%) with MRT remained free from arrhythmia recurrences.


CONCLUSION
For patients with AF and MRT, our study shows the feasibility of successful placement of complex linear ablation line concepts guided by an integrated 3D image anatomy alone rather than catheter-based virtual chamber surface reconstructions.
Shift work to balance everyday life - a salutogenic nursing perspective in home help service in Sweden

BACKGROUND
Nurses in Sweden have a high absence due to illness and many retire before the age of sixty. Factors at work as well as in private life may contribute to health problems. To maintain a healthy work-force there is a need for actions on work-life balance in a salutogenic perspective. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of resources in everyday life to balance work and private life among nurses in home help service.


METHODS
Thirteen semi-structured individual interviews and two focus group interviews were conducted with home help service nurses in Sweden. A qualitative content analysis was used for the analyses.


RESULT
In the analyses, six themes of perceptions of recourses in everyday life emerged; (i) Reflecting on life. (ii) Being healthy and taking care of yourself. (iii) Having a meaningful job and a supportive work climate. (iv) Working shifts and part time. (v) Having a family and a supporting network. (vi) Making your home your castle.


CONCLUSIONS
The result points out the complexity of work-life balance and support that the need for nurses to balance everyday life differs during different phases and transitions in life. In this salutogenic study, the result differs from studies with a pathogenic approach. Shift work and part time work were seen as two resources that contributed to flexibility and a prerequisite to work-life balance. To have time and energy for both private life and work was seen as essential. To reflect on and discuss life gave inner strength to set boundaries and to prioritize both in private life and in work life. Managers in nursing contexts have a great challenge to maintain and strengthen resources which enhance the work-life balance and health of nurses. Salutogenic research is needed to gain an understanding of resources that enhance work-life balance and health in nursing contexts.
Lelekʼs problem is not a metric problem

To Ken Kunen We show that Lelek's problem on the chainability of continua with span zero is not a metric problem: from a non-metric counterexample one can construct a metric one.
The evidence for effective psychiatric admissions as measured by an audit of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales recording.

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) were developed in the 1990s to measure health outcomes following a request by the Department of Health [1]. The then UK government’s target to ‘improve significantly the health and social functioning of mentally ill people’ required a method of recording health improvement [2]. HoNOS was developed to become a standardized tool to be used routinely by all mental health practitioners. HoNOS is now one item of the English Minimum Data Set for Mental Health being collected and is the most widely used routine clinical outcome measure used by English mental health services [3]. The aim is for patients to have HoNOS scores recorded at the start and end of each episode of care, such as an admission to hospital. The HoNOS consists of 12 scales used to rate different aspects of mental and social health, each from 0 to 4, giving a maximum total score of 48. The scales are completed after routine clinical assessments in any setting by a qualified mental health care professional who have undergone HoNOS training.
Small-Size Stacked Inverted-F Antenna With Two Hybrid Shorting Strips for the LTE/WWAN Tablet Device

The stacked inverted-F antenna with two hybrid shorting strips placed close to the antenna's feeding strip can provide two wide operating bands to cover long-term evolution/wireless wide-area network operation (698-960/1710-2690 MHz) in the tablet device. The antenna's lower and higher bands are, respectively, contributed by the longer and shorter arms of the antenna. The two hybrid shorting strips include an inductive shorting strip (chip-inductor-loaded strip) and a capacitive shorting strip which capacitively couples to the antenna's shorter arm. The longer arm is also coupled through a chip inductor to the feeding strip such that the longer arm has a decreased resonant length for the low-band operation and, on the other hand, has very small effects on the high-band operation, which is mainly contributed by the shorter arm. The feeding strip is also embedded with a chip capacitor such that an internal high-pass matching circuit formed by the inductive shorting strip and the capacitive feeding strip is obtained to greatly widen the antenna's low-band bandwidth, with small effects on the high-band operation. On the other hand, the capacitive shorting strip is added to greatly enhance the bandwidth of the antenna's higher band, with small effects on the low-band operation. Two wide operating bands are hence easily obtained and adjusted. The antenna can also be recessed in a small ground clearance of 10 × 35 mm 2 inside the tablet device such as a tablet computer in this study. Details of the proposed antenna are presented.
Opportunities in computer engineering: Your questions about this dynamic area of specialization are answered

“What is computer engineering? What is the difference between computer engineering and computer science? What is the difference between electrical engineering and computer engineering? Why study computer engineering? What computer engineering programs are available in the U.S.? What opportunities are there after graduation? How much does a computer engineer get paid?”