LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Patient Safety in Nursing Education Through Patient Simulation

The alarming rise in morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients throughout the United States heightens concerns about professional competency. Nurses and other health care professionals are under increased scrutiny to provide safe, effective care. Likewise, nursing education programs are faced with increased pressure to produce graduates who are capable of providing safe patient care. Toward that end, nursing education programs develop curricula, hire qualified faculty, and select learning experiences for students in an effort to train and graduate competent, effective nurses. The instructional strategies utilized in both didactic and clinical components of nursing education courses are highly influential in determining critical thinking and clinical decisionmaking ability as well as in developing the psychomotor skill performance of new graduates. Of course, it is unrealistic to think that graduates of nursing education programs have received all the training they need when they depart the doors of academia. Orientation programs for new graduates and continuing education for nurses are essential tools to help practitioners improve their knowledge, skills, and expertise so that quality patient care is provided and outcomes are optimized while errors are minimized. Ongoing evaluation of nursing competence is necessary to promote patient safety. In the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System, simulation training is recommended as one strategy that can be used to prevent errors in the clinical setting. The report states that “... health care organizations and teaching institutions should participate in the development and use of simulation for training novice practitioners, problem solving, and crisis management, especially when new and potentially hazardous procedures and equipment are introduced” (p. 179). Nursing education has long utilized simulation in some form to teach principles and skills of nursing care. Models of anatomic parts, whole body mannequins, and various computer-based learning programs have provided educators with training tools for students seeking to become professional nurses. Current interest in simulation as a clinical teaching tool has largely been fueled by development of the human patient simulator. Human patient simulation is a relatively new teaching strategy that allows learners to develop, refine, and apply knowledge and skills in a realistic clinical situation as they participate in interactive learning experiences designed to meet their educational needs. Learners participate in simulated patient care scenarios within a specific clinical environment, gaining experience, learning and refining skills and developing competencies; all this is accomplished without fear of harm to a live patient. The use of simulation as a teaching strategy can contribute to patient safety and optimize outcomes of care, providing learners with opportunities to experience scenarios and intervene in clinical situations within a safe, supervised setting without posing a risk to a patient.
A Novel Low Power, High Speed 14 Transistor CMOS Full Adder Cell with 50% Improvement in Threshold Loss Problem

Full adders are important components in applications such as digital signal processors (DSP) architectures and microprocessors. In addition to its main task, which is adding two numbers, it participates in many other useful operations such as subtraction, multiplication, division,, address calculation,..etc. In most of these systems the adder lies in the critical path that determines the overall speed of the system. So enhancing the performance of the 1-bit full adder cell (the building block of the adder) is a significant goal.Demands for the low power VLSI have been pushing the development of aggressive design methodologies to reduce the power consumption drastically. To meet the growing demand, we propose a new low power adder cell by sacrificing the MOS Transistor count that reduces the serious threshold loss problem, considerably increases the speed and decreases the power when compared to the static energy recovery full (SERF) adder. So a new improved 14T CMOS l-bit full adder cell is presented in this paper. Results show 50% improvement in threshold loss problem, 45% improvement in speed and considerable power consumption over the SERF adder and other different types of adders with comparable performance. Keywords—Arithmetic circuit, full adder, multiplier, low power, very Large-scale integration (VLSI).
Circulating insulin inhibits glucagon secretion induced by arginine in type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate if insulin has a suppressive effect on the glucagon secretion stimulated by arginine in type 1 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The alpha-cell response to an i.v. bolus of arginine (150mgkg(-1)) followed by an infusion of arginine (10mgkg(-1)min(-1)) was studied in random order during either low dose infusion (LDT) or high dose infusion (HDT) of insulin in ten patients with type 1 diabetes. The blood glucose level was clamped at an arterialized level of 5mmoll(-1) by a variable infusion of glucose. Venous C-peptide, glucagon, growth hormone, and insulin were analyzed.


RESULTS
The mean plasma concentration of insulin was four times higher during the HDT. The C-peptide level did not differ between the LDT and the HDT. During the LDT in response to arginine the blood glucose level increased from 5.0 to 5.8mmol l(-1) although the glucose infusion was markedly reduced, while no change was seen during the HDT. A significantly smaller increase in the glucagon levels during the HDT was seen (area under the curve of 413+/-45 vs 466+/-44pgml(-1)h(-1), P=0.03) while the growth hormone levels were almost identical.


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that a high level of circulating insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on the glucagon response to arginine in type 1 diabetes. Thus, the suppressive effect of insulin on the glucagon release from the alpha-cell seems to be general and not only dependent on stimulation by hypoglycemia.
Robust real-time lane and road detection in critical shadow conditions

This paper presents the vision-based road detection system currently installed onto the MOB-LAB land vehicle. Based on a geometrical transform and on a fast morphological processing, the system is capable to detect road markings even in extremely severe shadow conditions on at and structured roads. The use of a special-purpose massively architecture (PAPRICA) allows to achieve a processing rate of about 17 Hz.
Occupy tissue The movement in cancer metastasis

The critical role of migration and invasion in cancer metastasis warrants new therapeutic approaches targeting the machinery regulating cell migration and invasion. While 2-dimensional (2D) models have helped identify a range of adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal components and regulators that are potentially important for cell migration, the use of models that better mimic the 3-dimensional (3D) environment has yielded new insights into the physiology of cell movement. For example, studying cells in 3D models has revealed that invading cancer cells may switch between heterogeneous invasion modes and thus evade pharmacological inhibition of invasion. Here we summarize published data in which the role of cell adhesion molecules in 2D vs. 3D migration have been directly compared and discuss mechanisms that regulate migration speed and persistence in 2D and 3D. Finally we discuss limits of 3D culture models to recapitulate the in vivo situation.
10-year exercise training in chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the effect of a very long-term exercise training program is not known in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.


BACKGROUND
We previously showed that long-term moderate exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity and quality of life in New York Heart Association class II and III CHF patients.


METHODS
We studied 123 patients with CHF whose condition was stable over the previous 3 months. After randomization, a trained group (T group, n = 63) underwent a supervised ET at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)), 2 times weekly for 10 years, whereas a nontrained group (NT group, n = 60) did not exercise formally. The ET program was supervised and performed mostly at a coronary club with periodic control sessions twice yearly at the hospital's gym.


RESULTS
In the T group, peak Vo(2) was more than 60% of age- and gender-predicted maximum Vo(2) each year during the 10-year study (p < 0.05 vs. the NT group). In NT patients, peak Vo(2) decreased progressively with an average of 52 ± 8% of maximum Vo(2) predicted. Ventilation relative to carbon dioxide output (VE/Vco(2)) slope was significantly lower (35 ± 9) in T patients versus NT patients (42 ± 11, p < 0.01). Quality-of-life score was significantly better in the T group versus the NT group (43 ± 12 vs. 58 ± 14, p < 0.05). During the 10-year study, T patients had a significant lower rate of hospital readmission (hazard ratio: 0.64, p < 0.001) and cardiac mortality (hazard ratio: 0.68, p < 0.001) than controls. Multivariate analysis selected peak Vo(2) and resting heart rate as independent predictors of events.


CONCLUSIONS
Moderate supervised ET performed twice weekly for 10 years maintains functional capacity of more than 60% of maximum Vo(2) and confers a sustained improvement in quality of life compared with NT patients. These sustained improvements are associated with reduction in major cardiovascular events, including hospitalizations for CHF and cardiac mortality.
Non-Photorealistic Rendering in Context: An Observational Study

Pen-and-ink line drawing techniques are frequently used to depict form, tone, and texture in artistic, technical, and scientific illustration. In non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), considerable progress has been made towards reproducing traditional pen-and-ink techniques for rendering 3D objects. However, formal evaluation and validation of these NPR images remain an important open research problem. In this paper we present an observational study with three groups of users to examine their understanding and assessment of hand-drawn pen-and-ink illustrations of objects in comparison with NPR renditions of the same 3D objects. The results show that people perceive differences between those two types of illustration but that those that look computer-generated are still highly valued as scientific illustrations.
Charm as probe of new physics

In this talk I would like to discuss two aspects of charm physics. One is to show that many standard model predictions for rare decay modes (along with $D^0 -\bar{D}^0$ mixing and CP violation) are extremely small thus opening a window for new physics effects\cite{1}; and the other is to review the expectations from several plausible and interesting new physics possibilities.
SkiMap++: Real-Time Mapping and Object Recognition for Robotics

We introduce SkiMap++, an extension to the recently proposed SkiMap mapping framework for robot navigation [1]. The extension deals with enriching the map with semantic information concerning the presence in the environment of certain objects that may be usefully recognized by the robot, e.g. for the sake of grasping them. More precisely, the map can accommodate information about the spatial locations of certain 3D object features, as determined by matching the visual features extracted from the incoming frames through a random forest learned off-line from a set of object models. Thereby, evidence about the presence of object features is gathered from multiple vantage points alongside with the standard geometric mapping task, so to enable recognizing the objects and estimating their 6 DOF poses. As a result, SkiMap++ can reconstruct the geometry of large scale environments as well as localize some relevant objects therein (Fig.1) in real-time on CPU. As an additional contribution, we present an RGB-D dataset featuring ground-truth camera and object poses, which may be deployed by researchers interested in pursuing SLAM alongside with object recognition, a topic often referred to as Semantic SLAM. 1
Brief Report: No HIV Transmission From Virally Suppressed Mothers During Breastfeeding in Rural Tanzania.

BACKGROUND
To what extent antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) during breastfeeding remains unclear. We assessed the MTCT risk from mothers on ART to their infants during breastfeeding.


SETTING
Ifakara, rural Tanzania.


METHODS
We included infants born between January 2013 and May 2016 to mothers who initiated ART before delivery, had a negative HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction at 4-12 weeks and exclusively breastfed for ≥6 months. Mothers' plasma HIV-RNA viral loads (VLs) were measured up to 11 months postdelivery. Infants were tested for HIV following national guidelines.


RESULTS
Among 214 women with 218 pregnancies and 228 infants (10 twins), the median age at delivery was 33 years (interquartile range 28-36 years), and the mean time on ART was 23 months (interquartile range, 4-52 months). VL was measured twice in 53% (113/218) of pregnancies. During breastfeeding, 91% of mothers (199/218) had VL of <1000 copies per milliliter, and 75% (164/218) had <100 copies per milliliter. To November 2017, 8% (19/228) of infants were lost to follow-up (LTFU), 2% (5/228) transferred, and 8% (18/228) died before the determination of final HIV serostatus. Among the remaining 186 infants, 2 (1%; 95% confidence interval: 0.3% to 4%) were HIV positive: 1 born from a mother with high VL 1-month postdelivery and 1 from a mother who interrupted ART. Assuming a 15% MTCT risk through breastfeeding among the 42 infants LTFU, transferred, or dead, the overall MTCT risk would be 4%.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no MTCT from mothers who were retained in care and had suppressed VL. Breastfeeding signifies a very low risk when mothers adhere to ART. Adherence counseling, VL monitoring, and strategies to trace back those LTFU should be a priority.
Light-induced self-assembly of active rectification devices

Self-propelled colloidal objects, such as motile bacteria or synthetic microswimmers, have microscopically irreversible individual dynamics—a feature they share with all living systems. The incoherent behavior of individual swimmers can be harnessed (or “rectified”) by microfluidic devices that create systematic motions that are impossible in equilibrium. We present a computational proof-of-concept study showing that such active rectification devices could be created directly from an unstructured “primordial soup” of light-controlled motile particles, solely by using spatially modulated illumination to control their local propulsion speed. Alongside both microscopic irreversibility and speed modulation, our mechanism requires spatial symmetry breaking, such as a chevron light pattern, and strong interactions between particles, such as volume exclusion, which cause a collisional slowdown at high density. Together, we show how these four factors create a novel, many-body rectification mechanism. Our work suggests that standard spatial light modulator technology might allow the programmable, light-induced self-assembly of active rectification devices from an unstructured particle bath.
An Overview of Contest on Semantic Description of Human Activities (SDHA) 2010

This paper summarizes results of the 1st Contest on Semantic Description of Human Activities (SDHA), in conjunction with ICPR 2010. SDHA 2010 consists of three types of challenges, High-level Human Interaction Recognition Challenge, Aerial View Activity Classification Challenge, and Wide-Area Activity Search and Recognition Challenge. The challenges are designed to encourage participants to test existing methodologies and develop new approaches for complex human activity recognition scenarios in realistic environments. We introduce three new public datasets through these challenges, and discuss results of state-ofthe-art activity recognition systems designed and implemented by the contestants. A methodology using a spatio-temporal voting [19] successfully classified segmented videos in the UT-Interaction datasets, but had a difficulty correctly localizing activities from continuous videos. Both the method using local features [10] and the HMM based method [18] recognized actions from low-resolution videos (i.e. UT-Tower dataset) successfully. We compare their results in this paper.
Techniques of measurement for Parkinson's tremor highlighting advantages of embedded IMU over EMG

For Parkinson's disease (PD) detection at its best, early diagnosis of the disorder is the key criteria to be focused [5]. Tremors are one of the primary characteristics of PD [11][13]. The paper presents some of the effective biomechanical techniques that can aid in measuring PD tremors with a high grade of accuracy and sensitivity. The paper describes the application of salient tracking tools like magnetic trackers and optical markers, electrical diagnostic practices like Electromyogram (EMG) and the use of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based inertial sensor modules(a combination of 3 axes accelerometer + 3 axes gyroscope) to record movement. The IMU and electrodes were suitably mounted on the hands of subjects who were made to perform certain pre-defined actions to record the wrist movement and electrical activity simultaneously. The ability of a subject to precisely follow a pre-defined task's motion trajectory is a crucial indicator of tremor. In this paper we study two techniques of trajectory measurement, in terms of the accuracy of measurement of the slightest deviations from a prescribed trajectory. It is shown that an IMU based motion tracking is more accurate than that tracked by EMG sensors.
Warehouse Creation - A Potential Roadblock to Data Warehousing

Data warehousing is gaining in popularity as organizations realize the benefits of being able to perform sophisticated analyses of their data. Recent years have seen the introduction of a number of data-warehousing engines, from both established database vendors as well as new players. The engines themselves are relatively easy to use and come with a good set of end-user tools. However, there is one key stumbling block to the rapid development of data warehouses, namely that of warehouse population. Specifically, problems arise in populating a warehouse with existing data since it has various types of heterogeneity. Given the lack of good tools, this task has generally been performed by various system integrators, e.g., software consulting organizations which have developed in-house tools and processes for the task. The general conclusion is that the task has proven to be labor-intensive, error-prone, and generally frustrating, leading a number of warehousing projects to be abandoned mid-way through development. However, the picture is not as grim as it appears. The problems that are being encountered in warehouse creation are very similar to those encountered in data integration, and they have been studied for about two decades. However, not all problems relevant to warehouse creation have been solved, and a number of research issues remain. The principal goal of this paper is to identify the common issues in data integration and data-warehouse creation. We hope this will lead: 1) developers of warehouse creation tools to examine and, where appropriate, incorporate the techniques developed for data integration, and 2) researchers in both the data integration and the data warehousing communities to address the open research issues in this important area.
Vital-Sign Extraction Using Bootstrap-Based Generalized Warblet Transform in Heart and Respiration Monitoring Radar System

In biomedical Doppler radar applications, the return signal is a nonlinear frequency-modulation (NLFM) random process whose phase conveys heart and respiration vital-sign information. These signatures modulate the phase of the signal as two oscillating components with frequencies less than a few hertz. Due to the nonstationary nature of these signals, their analysis by 1-D techniques, temporal and spectral, may not be very useful, and time-frequency techniques may be incapable of accurately extracting their instantaneous frequency (IF) trajectory. In this paper, we present a bootstrap-based generalized warblet transform (GWT) signal processing method. The presented signal processing tool is a parametric method that has a kernel with Fourier-series components. The coefficients of the kernel are estimated by an iteration procedure that converges to the IF of the radar signal. We show theoretically and experimentally that the bootstrap-based GWT can extract the amplitude and frequency of the two vital-sign components at a range of 3 m in the face of low signal-to-noise ratio and in the presence of phase noise and body motion artifacts, achieving an accuracy that is potentially better than conventional methods can provide.
Influence of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on telomerase activity in women with breast cancer (BC).

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fear of recurrence among breast cancer (BC) survivors. However, the effects of MBSR (BC) on telomere length (TL) and telomerase activity (TA), known markers of cellular aging, psychological stress, and disease risk, are not known. This randomized, wait-listed, controlled study, nested within a larger trial, investigated the effects of MBSR (BC) on TL and TA. BC patients (142) with Stages 0-III cancer who had completed adjuvant treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment and within 2 years of completion of treatment with lumpectomy and/or mastectomy were randomly assigned to either a 6-week MBSR for BC program or a usual care. Assessments of TA and TL were obtained along with psychological measurements at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after completing the MBSR(BC) program. The mean age of 142 participants was 55.3 years; 72% were non-Hispanic White; 78% had Stage I or II cancer; and 36% received both chemotherapy and radiation. In analyses adjusted for baseline TA and psychological status, TA increased steadily over 12 weeks in the MBSR(BC) group (approximately 17%) compared to essentially no increase in the control group (approximately 3%, p < .01). In contrast, no between-group difference was observed for TL (p = .92). These results provide preliminary evidence that MBSR(BC) increases TA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BC patients and have implications for understanding how MBSR(BC) may extend cell longevity at the cellular level.