LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Customized Treatment in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Based on EGFR Mutations and BRCA1 mRNA Expression

BACKGROUND
Median survival is 10 months and 2-year survival is 20% in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. A small fraction of non-squamous cell lung cancers harbor EGFR mutations, with improved outcome to gefitinib and erlotinib. Experimental evidence suggests that BRCA1 overexpression enhances sensitivity to docetaxel and resistance to cisplatin. RAP80 and Abraxas are interacting proteins that form complexes with BRCA1 and could modulate the effect of BRCA1. In order to further examine the effect of EGFR mutations and BRCA1 mRNA levels on outcome in advanced NSCLC, we performed a prospective non-randomized phase II clinical trial, testing the hypothesis that customized therapy would confer improved outcome over non-customized therapy. In an exploratory analysis, we also examined the effect of RAP80 and Abraxas mRNA levels.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We treated 123 metastatic non-squamous cell lung carcinoma patients using a customized approach. RNA and DNA were isolated from microdissected specimens from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Patients with EGFR mutations received erlotinib, and those without EGFR mutations received chemotherapy with or without cisplatin based on their BRCA1 mRNA levels: low, cisplatin plus gemcitabine; intermediate, cisplatin plus docetaxel; high, docetaxel alone. An exploratory analysis examined RAP80 and Abraxas expression. Median survival exceeded 28 months for 12 patients with EGFR mutations, and was 11 months for 38 patients with low BRCA1, 9 months for 40 patients with intermediate BRCA1, and 11 months for 33 patients with high BRCA1. Two-year survival was 73.3%, 41.2%, 15.6% and 0%, respectively. Median survival was influenced by RAP80 expression in the three BRCA1 groups. For example, for patients with both low BRCA1 and low RAP80, median survival exceeded 26 months. RAP80 was a significant factor for survival in patients treated according to BRCA1 levels (hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 1-1.7]; P = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Chemotherapy customized according to BRCA1 expression levels is associated with excellent median and 2-year survival for some subsets of NSCLC patients , and RAP80 could play a crucial modulating effect on this model of customized chemotherapy.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
(ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00883480.
Partnering paradigms? Knowledge management and relationship marketing

Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Henning Gebert, Malte Geib, Lutz Kolbe, Walter Brenner, (2003),"Knowledge-enabled customer relationship management: integrating customer relationship management and knowledge management concepts[1]", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 7 Iss 5 pp. 107-123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673270310505421 Injazz J. Chen, Karen Popovich, (2003),"Understanding customer relationship management (CRM): People, process and technology", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 9 Iss 5 pp. 672-688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150310496758 Nikolaos Tzokas, Michael Saren, (2004),"Competitive advantage, knowledge and relationship marketing: where, what and how?", Journal of Business &amp; Industrial Marketing, Vol. 19 Iss 2 pp. 124-135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620410524007
Understanding Resilience: The Role of Social Resources

Using the resilience literature as a theoretical framework, this article discusses research on the influence of social resources such as parent, teacher, and school support on the resilient outcomes of children and adolescents. Findings from several projects conducted at the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk indicate that access to social resources such as caring parents who have high expectations for their children and are involved in their children’s schooling, participation in extracurricular activities (e.g., after-school sports), and supportive relationships with teachers have positive benefits for students’ academic performance. This article also reports results that show children’s perceived exposure to violence has significant negative effects on their mathematics and reading performance on a standardized exam. The findings demonstrate the importance of social resources and highlight the need for effective programs of intervention.
Multiple Stirling Number Identities

A remarkable multiple analogue of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind was recently constructed by the author. Certain summation identities, and related properties of this family of multiple special numbers are investigated in the present paper.
Cardiopulmonary bypass to repair an atrial septal defect does not affect cognitive function in children.

BACKGROUND
Changes in neurocognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are difficult to assess in children with congenital cardiovascular malformations in part because identification of a suitable control group of children is difficult.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We evaluated neurocognitive function in subjects aged 3 to 17 years both before and after surgical repair of an atrial septal defect (ASD). Eighteen subjects underwent testing within a median of 3 days (range, 1 to 27) before surgery and 5.8 months (range, 5.5 to 9) after surgery. The Differential Ability Scales was administered to subjects in a single testing session. All subjects were considered to be healthy, and they had no activity limitations. The mean General Conceptual Ability (GCA) scores (analogous to IQ) for the group were in the normal range before and after ASD repair. No significant difference was detected between the GCA scores before and after surgery. The GCA score was 90.8+/-18.6 before surgery and 93.1+/-16.3 after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Use of CPB was not associated with changes in cognitive function in our subjects who underwent repair of an ASD.
Balance exercise for persons with multiple sclerosis using Wii games: a randomised, controlled multi-centre study.

BACKGROUND
The use of interactive video games is expanding within rehabilitation. The evidence base is, however, limited.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a Nintendo Wii Fit® balance exercise programme on balance function and walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).


METHODS
A multi-centre, randomised, controlled single-blinded trial with random allocation to exercise or no exercise. The exercise group participated in a programme of 12 supervised 30-min sessions of balance exercises using Wii games, twice a week for 6-7 weeks. Primary outcome was the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). In total, 84 participants were enrolled; four were lost to follow-up.


RESULTS
After the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between groups but effect sizes for the TUG, TUGcognitive and, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) were moderate and small for all other measures. Statistically significant improvements within the exercise group were present for all measures (large to moderate effect sizes) except in walking speed and balance confidence. The non-exercise group showed statistically significant improvements for the Four Square Step Test and the DGI.


CONCLUSION
In comparison with no intervention, a programme of supervised balance exercise using Nintendo Wii Fit® did not render statistically significant differences, but presented moderate effect sizes for several measures of balance performance.
Prospective observational study to evaluate risk factors for falls in institutionalized elderly people: the role of cystatin C.

AIM
To evaluate the role of balance and gait disorders, comorbidities and laboratory abnormalities in the occurrence of falls in an institutionalized elderly population.


METHODS
We made a non-interventional, prospective, observational study in elderly institutionalized people. Comorbidities and information on treatments were obtained. Function and cognition were measured using the Katz Index, the Tinetti Balance and Gait, lower extremity function tests and the Mini-Mental test. At the inclusion, the analytical was made including cystatin C. Falls were recorded for 20 months after inclusion.


RESULTS
Patients with falls were older (85 ± 7 vs. 82 ± 8, p = 0.04) and more often female (88 vs. 12 %, p = 0.01). Dyslipidemia, hypertension and antihypertensive treatment were associated with an increased risk of falls. Cystatin C was higher in patients with falls (0.96 ± 0.21 vs. 1.12 ± 0.29, p = 0.02). Functional tests showed differences in the Tinetti balance test (15 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 3, p = 0.04) and lower extremity function balance test (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.2, p = 0.05). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were worse in patients with falls (22 ± 4 vs. 25 ± 4, p = 0.01). Only female status (6.2, p = 0.03), the MMSE scores (1.2, p = 0.02) and cystatin C (5.3, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for falls after logistic regression.


CONCLUSIONS
Female sex, cognitive impairment and cystatin C were risk factors for falls in non-dependent institutionalized elderly people.
Big Data Security and Privacy

This paper describes the issues surrounding big data security and privacy and provides a summary of the National Science Foundation sponsored workshop on this topic held in Dallas, Texas on September 16-17, 2014. Our goal is to build a community in big data security and privacy to explore the challenging research problems.
Potency assay development for cellular therapy products: an ISCT review of the requirements and experiences in the industry.

The evaluation of potency plays a key role in defining the quality of cellular therapy products (CTPs). Potency can be defined as a quantitative measure of relevant biologic function based on the attributes that are linked to relevant biologic properties. To achieve an adequate assessment of CTP potency, appropriate in vitro or in vivo laboratory assays and properly controlled clinical data need to be created. The primary objective of a potency assay is to provide a mechanism by which the manufacturing process and the final product for batch release are scrutinized for quality, consistency and stability. A potency assay also provides the basis for comparability assessment after process changes, such as scale-up, site transfer and new starting materials (e.g., a new donor). Potency assays should be in place for early clinical development, and validated assays are required for pivotal clinical trials. Potency is based on the individual characteristics of each individual CTP, and the adequacy of potency assays will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by regulatory agencies. We provide an overview of the expectations and challenges in development of potency assays specific for CTPs; several real-life experiences from the cellular therapy industry are presented as illustrations. The key observation and message is that aggressive early investment in a solid potency evaluation strategy can greatly enhance eventual CTP deployment because it can mitigate the risk of costly product failure in late-stage development.
Predicting How People Play Games : Reinforcement Learning i Experimental Games with Unique , Mixed Strategy Equilibria

We examine learning in all experiments we could locate involving 100 periods or more of games with a unique equilibn'um in mixed strategies, and in a new experiment. We study both the ex post (" best fit ") akscrtptive power of learning models, and their ex ante predictive power, by simulating each experiment using parameters estimated from the other experiments. Even a one-parameter reinforcement learning model robustly outpelfonns the equilibrium predictions. Predictive power is improved by adding ' yorgemng " and " experimentation, " or by allowing greater ra-tionality as in probabilistic jictitious play. Implications for developing a low-rationality, cognitive game theory are discussed (JEL C72. C92) i Game theory has traditionally been developed as a theory of strategic interaction among players who are perfectly rational, and who (consequently) exhibit equilibrium behavior. This approach has been complemented by evolutionary game theory, which, motivated by biological evolution, seeks to understand how equilibria could arise in the long term by selection among generations of players who need not be rational or even conscious decision makers. Somewhere in between are models of learning, which consider the adaptive behavior of goal-oriented players who may not be highly rational, both to provide foundations also contributed to the design and programming of the new experiment. We are indebted to Barry O'Neill, Jack Ochs, and Amnon Rapoport for access to unpublished parts of their data. The present version reflects numerous comments by three anonymous referees on several earlier drafts. for theories of equilibrium and to model em-: pirically observed behavior. The present paper considers how well ~im-.~'! ple learning models, motivated by the pay-' chology of learning, can model the interaction :. of players who must learn about the game and. C each other in the course of playing the game, over time spans that may not be long enough to lead to equilibrium. Our goal will be to model observed behavior, starting with behavior observed in experimental settings. (In the conclusion we will also consider the implications of this approach for applied economics in naturally occurring, nonexperimental settings .) We will show that a wide range of experimental data can be both well described ex post and robustly predicted ex ante by a very simple family of learning theories. Economists have traditionally avoided explaining behavior as less than rational for fear of developing many fragmented theories of mistakes. Part of the attraction of highly rational models …
A Comprehensive Approach Towards Data Preprocessing Techniques & Association Rules

Data pre-processing is an important and critical step in the data mining process and it has a huge impact on the success of a data mining project.[1](3) Data pre-processing is a step of the Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process that reduces the complexity of the data and offers better conditions to subsequent analysis. Through this the nature of the data is better understood and the data analysis is performed more accurately and efficiently. Data pre-processing is challenging as it involves extensive manual effort and time in developing the data operation scripts. There are a number of different tools and methods used for pre-processing, including: sampling, which selects a representative subset from a large population of data; transformation, which manipulates raw data to produce a single input; denoising, which removes noise from data; normalization, which organizes data for more efficient access; and feature extraction, which pulls out specified data that is significant in some particular context. Pre-processing technique is also useful for association rules algo. LikeAprior, Partitioned, Princer-search algo. and many more algos.
Gynostemium micromorphology and pollination in Epipactis microphylla (Orchidaceae)

Self-pollination conditions have been recorded frequently in local populations of the genus Epipactis, and structural modifications have sometimes been reported, supporting taxonomic recognition of new species. As part of a survey of gynostemium micromorphology of Italian Epipactis populations, we studied an Apennine population of Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. a species listed as autogamous but with residual allogamous characters. In this population we observed the tendency to perform pre-anthesis cleistogamy. However, self-pollination was not a consequence of modification in column morphology. Cryptic pollen germination occurred in anther thecae or in the clinandrium, bypassing any contact with the receptive stigma. Pollen germination started from the distal pool of the pollinium, close to the rostellum-viscidium, suggesting that the rostellum-viscidium may have a function in promoting pollen-tube growth. Germinated pollen was exposed at the anthesis.
Treatment activity preferences of occupational therapists in adult physical dysfunction settings.

OBJECTIVES
Research has suggested that using an adaptive approach to provide direct training in occupational behaviors is more effective than using a remedial approach to retrain component skills. This survey was done to see whether occupational therapy practice in physical dysfunction reflects that research.


METHOD
Surveys from a convenience sample of 269 (70.2% response rate) occupational therapy directors in adult physical rehabilitation facilities throughout the United States were analyzed to determine the relative rankings of remedial and adaptive activities by therapists in those settings.


RESULTS
For all facilities combined, the four most frequently used types of activities, in order of frequency, were self-care, upper extremity exercise, functional mobility, and neuromuscular training. Facilities using multiple formal methods to assess client priorities used functional activities more frequently than other facilities.


CONCLUSION
Occupational therapists in adult physical dysfunction settings are not routinely providing client training in the full spectrum of occupational behaviors.
Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression.

OBJECTIVE
Smaller hippocampal volume has been reported only in some but not all studies of unipolar major depressive disorder. Severe stress early in life has also been associated with smaller hippocampal volume and with persistent changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, prior hippocampal morphometric studies in depressed patients have neither reported nor controlled for a history of early childhood trauma. In this study, the volumes of the hippocampus and of control brain regions were measured in depressed women with and without childhood abuse and in healthy nonabused comparison subjects.


METHOD
Study participants were 32 women with current unipolar major depressive disorder-21 with a history of prepubertal physical and/or sexual abuse and 11 without a history of prepubertal abuse-and 14 healthy nonabused female volunteers. The volumes of the whole hippocampus, temporal lobe, and whole brain were measured on coronal MRI scans by a single rater who was blind to the subjects' diagnoses.


RESULTS
The depressed subjects with childhood abuse had an 18% smaller mean left hippocampal volume than the nonabused depressed subjects and a 15% smaller mean left hippocampal volume than the healthy subjects. Right hippocampal volume was similar across the three groups. The right and left hippocampal volumes in the depressed women without abuse were similar to those in the healthy subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
A smaller hippocampal volume in adult women with major depressive disorder was observed exclusively in those who had a history of severe and prolonged physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. An unreported history of childhood abuse in depressed subjects could in part explain the inconsistencies in hippocampal volume findings in prior studies in major depressive disorder.
Field versus Farm in Warangal: Bt Cotton, Higher Yields, and Larger Questions

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Summary. — A longitudinal anthropological study of cotton farming in Warangal District of Andhra Pradesh, India, compares a group of villages before and after adoption of Bt cotton. It distinguishes " field-level " and " farm-level " impacts. During this five-year period yields rose by 18% overall, with greater increases among poor farmers with the least access to information. Insecticide sprayings dropped by 55%, although predation by non-target pests was rising. However shifting from the field to the historically-situated context of the farm recasts insect attacks as a symptom of larger problems in agricultural decision-making. Bt cotton's opponents have failed to recognize real benefits at the field level, while its backers have failed to recognize systemic problems that Bt cotton may exacerbate.
Relationship between concussion and neuropsychological performance in college football players.

CONTEXT
Despite the high prevalence and potentially serious outcomes associated with concussion in athletes, there is little systematic research examining risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the relationship between concussion history and learning disability (LD) and the association of these variables with neuropsychological performance and to evaluate postconcussion recovery in a sample of college football players.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A total of 393 athletes from 4 university football programs across the United States received preseason baseline evaluations between May 1997 and February 1999. Subjects who had subsequent football-related acute concussions (n = 16) underwent neuropsychological comparison with matched control athletes from within the sample (n = 10).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Clinical interview, 8 neuropsychological measures, and concussion symptom scale ratings at baseline and after concussion.


RESULTS
Of the 393 players, 129 (34%) had experienced 1 previous concussion and 79 (20%) had experienced 2 or more concussions. Multivariate analysis of variance yielded significant main effects for both LD (P<.001) and concussion history (P=.009), resulting in lowered baseline neuropsychological performance. A significant interaction was found between LD and history of multiple concussions and LD on 2 neuropsychological measures (Trail-Making Test, Form B [P=.007] and Symbol Digit Modalities Test [P=.009]), indicating poorer performance for the group with LD and multiple concussions compared with other groups. A discriminant function analysis using neuropsychological testing of athletes 24 hours after acute in-season concussion compared with controls resulted in an overall 89.5% correct classification rate.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that neuropsychological assessment is a useful indicator of cognitive functioning in athletes and that both history of multiple concussions and LD are associated with reduced cognitive performance. These variables may be detrimentally synergistic and should receive further study.
Architecture-driven reliability optimization with uncertain model parameters

It is currently considered good software engineering practice to decide between design alternatives based on quantitative architecture evaluations for different quality attributes, such as reliability and performance. However, the results of these quantitative architecture evaluations are dependent on design-time estimates for a series of model-parameters, which may not be accurate and have to be estimated subject heterogeneous uncertain factors. As a result, sub-optimal design decisions may be taken. To overcome