LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Autophagy requires endoplasmic reticulum targeting of the PI3-kinase complex via Atg14L

Autophagy is a catabolic process that allows cells to digest their cytoplasmic constituents via autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation. Recently, an autophagy-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) complex, consisting of hVps34, hVps15, Beclin-1, and Atg14L, has been identified in mammalian cells. Atg14L is specific to this autophagy complex and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Knockdown of Atg14L leads to the disappearance of the DFCP1-positive omegasome, which is a membranous structure closely associated with both the autophagosome and the ER. A point mutation in Atg14L resulting in defective ER localization was also defective in the induction of autophagy. The addition of the ER-targeting motif of DFCP1 to this mutant fully complemented the autophagic defect in Atg14L knockout embryonic stem cells. Thus, Atg14L recruits a subset of class III PI3-kinase to the ER, where otherwise phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) is essentially absent. The Atg14L-dependent appearance of PI3P in the ER makes this organelle the platform for autophagosome formation.
Feasibility of a GP delivered skin cancer prevention intervention in Australia

BACKGROUND
Despite years of public education, sun-related behaviours are difficult to change and a recent survey showed low levels of sun protection. In this study we evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an opportunistic skin cancer prevention intervention in general practice.


METHODS
We used a controlled pre-and-post intervention design. Participants (n = 100) were recruited sequentially from patients attending two general practices in Sydney, Australia, from November to December 2010. Participants in the intervention practice (n = 50) received general practitioner delivered sun protection advice after completing a skin cancer risk assessment tool, and a sun protection pamphlet, in addition to routine care, at a single attendance. The skin cancer risk assessment tool provided three levels of risk. The general practitioner (GP) reinforced the level of risk and discussed sun protection. Participants in the control practice (n = 50) received routine care. We measured feasibility by patients' and GPs' participation in the intervention and time taken, and acceptability by intervention participants and GPs ratings of the intervention. We measured reported sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour between the two groups at 1 and 13 months.


RESULTS
The intervention was found to be feasible within existing primary care team arrangements. Participation at baseline was 81% (108/134), and repeated participation was 88% (88/100) at 1 month and 70% (70/100) at 13 months. Participants and practitioners found the intervention acceptable. At 1 month, sun-related knowledge had increased in both patient groups, with a greater increase in the intervention group (adjusted mean difference 0.48, p = 0.034). There were no differences between groups in sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour at 13 months.


CONCLUSIONS
A brief opportunistic skin cancer prevention intervention in general practice is feasible and acceptable. Further research in this setting with a more intensive intervention would be justified.
Performance of EuroSCORE II in Hungary: a single-centre validation study.

BACKGROUND
The efficacy of the updated cardiac surgical risk stratification system, EuroSCORE II, needs widespread assessment in the cardiac surgical centres where it is intended to be used. The present paper is a single-centre validation study carried out in Hungary.


METHODS
An adult cardiac surgical cohort of 2287 patients was investigated. The general levels of performance of the logistic EuroSCORE and that of EuroSCORE II were compared using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, ROC analysis and calculation of the Brier score. The calibrations were visualised by smoothed curves derived with the help of local polynomial regression. The efficacy of EuroSCORE II was analysed in different operation types and urgency subgroups.


RESULTS
The old EuroSCORE over-estimated the risk (O:E ratio: 0.66, HL test, p < 0.01), while EuroSCORE II slightly under-predicted mortality (O:E ratio:1.19, HL test, p = 0.0084). Comparing the ROC AUCs, we did not find a significant difference between the accuracy of the old and new versions of EuroSCORE (0.8017, 95% CI: 0.7596-0.8438 vs. 0.8177 95% CI: 0.7786-0.8569). EuroSCORE II performed well among CABG patients (O:E ratio: 0.75, HL test, p = 0.5789) and in those who underwent elective surgery (O:E ratio: 1.1, HL test, p = 0.1396), but failed in the emergency (O:E ratio: 1.71, HL test, p = 0.0055) and salvage (O:E ratio:1.36, HL test, p = 0.0245) categories.


CONCLUSIONS
EuroSCORE II proved to be more suitable for cardiac surgical risk prediction compared with its previous version, but its reliability can be questioned among patients who need emergency and salvage surgery, as well as in the case of combined operations.
Can a novel MRI staging system for low rectal cancer aid surgical planning?

BACKGROUND
Low rectal cancers are associated with worse outcomes in comparison with mid and upper rectal tumors.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of MRI in identifying the correct surgical approach based on the mesorectal and extralevator planes.


DESIGN
This study involved the retrospective analysis of MRI and histopathology data of 33 patients with low rectal cancer, with the use of an anatomically based staging system. Three radiologists reported on the available surgical planes of excision based on the predicted relationship of tumor to key anatomical features. MRI-predicted planes of excision were then compared with the histopathological planes actually required, with the use of the same staging criteria.


SETTINGS
The study was conducted at 4 English district general hospitals.


PATIENTS
Unselected patients with low rectal cancer, all of whom were participants in a multicenter study, were eligible for this study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
: The main outcome measured was the accuracy of operative plane prediction on MRI.


RESULTS
: On pathological analysis, the mesorectal plane would have been sufficient to achieve a clear margin in 28 of 33 (84.9%) of cases. The extralevator plane was required in 5 of 33 (15.1%). Planes were correctly predicted by MRI in 29 of 33 cases by radiologist 1 and 24 of 33 cases by radiologists 2 and 3 with an accuracy of 87.9% and 72.7%. Overstaging (extralevator plane predicted when a mesorectal plane would have sufficed) occurred in 3 of 33 and 7 of 33 cases. Understaging (mesorectal plane predicted when an extralevator plane was required) occurred in 1 of 33 and 2 of 33 cases. The positive and negative predictive values of MRI in determining the histopathological plane of excision required were 57% and 96% for radiologist 1 and 30% and 91% for radiologists 2 and 3.


LIMITATIONS
This study was limited by its retrospective nature and its relatively small patient numbers. No account was taken of postoperative function when recommending the surgical plane.


CONCLUSIONS
This supports an anatomically based MRI staging system for low rectal cancer to predict the planes of surgical excision. This may help to reduce margin positivity and to improve outcome in patients with low rectal cancer.
Developing mindfulness in college students through movement-based courses: effects on self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, stress, and sleep quality.

OBJECTIVE
This study examined whether mindfulness increased through participation in movement-based courses and whether changes in self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, and perceived stress mediated the relationship between increased mindfulness and better sleep.


PARTICIPANTS
166 college students enrolled in the 2007-2008 academic year in 15 week classes in Pilates, Taiji quan, or GYROKINESIS.


METHODS
At beginning, middle, and end of the semester, participants completed measures of mindfulness, self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, perceived stress, and sleep quality.


RESULTS
Total mindfulness scores and mindfulness subscales increased overall. Greater changes in mindfulness were directly related to better sleep quality at the end of the semester after adjusting for sleep disturbance at the beginning. Tiredness, Negative Arousal, Relaxation, and Perceived Stress mediated the effect of increased mindfulness on improved sleep.


CONCLUSIONS
Movement-based courses can increase mindfulness. Increased mindfulness accounts for changes in mood and perceived stress, which explain, in part, improved sleep quality.
Mode of death after contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events registry.

BACKGROUND
When selecting clinical trial end points, some investigators prefer cardiovascular death (CVD) while others believe that all-cause mortality is more relevant. However, the relative contribution of CVD to 1-year mortality after contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not known.


METHODS
We evaluated the mode of death (MOD) in EVENT, a prospective PCI registry at 55 US hospitals. Vital status was assessed at 6 and 12 months as part of the study protocol, and MOD was independently reviewed in blinded fashion.


RESULTS
Between 2004 and 2007, EVENT enrolled 10,144 patients of whom 295 (2.9%) died within the first year: 51 (17%) ≤30 days; and 244 (83%) between 31 and 365 days after index PCI. Overall, CVD accounted for 42% of deaths, and no clear cause could be identified in a substantial subgroup (25% of deaths). Among patients who died ≤30 days, the MOD was more likely to be CVD (odds ratio 3.96, 95% CI 2.08-7.55), whereas the incidence of CVD and non-CVD was similar after 30 days. Findings were similar after a series of sensitivity analyses including reassignment of unknown MOD to the CVD category, using multiple imputation modeling, or when evaluating MOD in prespecified subgroups of patients with diabetes, acute coronary syndromes, or left ventricular dysfunction.


CONCLUSIONS
Among unselected PCI patients, 1-year mortality is approximately 3%, and CVD is confirmed in <50% of all deaths. Regardless of analytic approach, CVD is the primary contributor to overall mortality during the first 30 days after PCI, whereas rates of CVD and non-CVD are remarkably similar after the first month after PCI.
Are We On the Same Page? Effects of Self-Awareness of Empowering and Transformational Leadership

by Tekleab, Amanuel G.^Sims, Henry P., Jr.^Yun, Seokhwa^ Tesluk, Paul E.^Cox, Jonathan Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies • Feb, 2008 • This study examines the effects of leaders' self-awareness of their own leadership on followers' satisfaction, self-leadership, and leader effectiveness. A leader's self-awareness was conceptualized as the degree of similarity between the leader's self-description and his or her followers' descriptions of leader behaviors. Transformational and empowering leadership are measured from 48 leaders and 222 of their followers. Results from confirmatory factor analyses provide support for two types of leadership: transformational and empowering. Results from polynomial regression analyses indicate that self-awareness of transformational leadership is related to leader effectiveness and followers' supervisory satisfaction. In contrast, self-awareness of empowering leadership is related to followers' self-leadership. These effects of leadership self-awareness extend beyond the direct effect of leadership on the outcome variables.
The efficacy of working memory training in improving crystallized intelligence

Crystallized intelligence (Gc) is thought to reflect skills acquired through knowledge and experience and is related to verbal ability, language development 1 and academic success 2. Gc, together with fluid intelligence (Gf), are constructs of general intelligence 3. While Gc involves learning, knowledge and skills, Gf refers to our ability in tests of problem-solving, pattern matching, and reasoning. Although there is evidence that Gf can be improved through memory training in adults 4 , the efficacy of memory training in improving acquired skills, such as Gc and academic attainment, has yet to be established. Furthermore, evidence of transfer effects from gains made in the trained tasks is sparse 5. Here we demonstrate improvements in Gc and academic attainment using working memory training. Participants in the Training group displayed superior performance in all measures of cognitive assessments post-training compared to the Control group, who received knowledge-based training. While previous studies have indicated that gains in intelligence are due to improvements in test-taking skills 6 , this study demonstrates that it is possible to improve crystallized skills through working memory training. Considering the fundamental importance of Gc in acquiring and using knowledge and its predictive power for a large variety of intellectual tasks, these findings may be highly relevant to improving educational outcomes in those who are struggling.
Elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressures are associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation following lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after open-chest procedures, but the etiology remains poorly understood. Lung transplant procedures allow for the study of novel contributing factors.


METHODS
Records of lung transplant procedures performed at a single center between 2002 and 2009 were reviewed.


RESULTS
Of 174 patients, 27 (16%) had AF a median 6 days post-surgery. Post-operative AF patients less often had right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) by either electrocardiogram (0 versus 14%, P=.042) or echocardiography (19% versus 47%, P=.006), and had lower pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASP) (39 ± 12 versus 51 ± 22, P=.005). After multivariable adjustment, every 10-mm Hg increase in PASP was associated with a 31% reduction in the odds of post-operative AF (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.98, P=.035). A higher pulmonary pressure was the only predictor independently associated with less post-operative AF.


CONCLUSIONS
Higher PASP was associated with a lower risk of AF after lung transplantation.
The federal government's role in the education of data processing personnel

The role of the Federal Government in educating electronic data processing personnel is to promote and assist in the establishment of high quality programs in all of the States, wherever there is a labor force need for trained personnel or where there are persons who can profit from such specialized occupational education.
LoRa Transmission Parameter Selection

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies such as Long Range (LoRa) are emerging that enable power efficient wireless communication over very long distances. LPWAN devices typically communicate directly to a sink node which removes the need of constructing and maintaining a complex multi-hop network. However, to ensure efficient and reliable communication LPWAN devices often provide a large number of transmission parameters. For example, a LoRa device can be configured to use different spreading factors, bandwidth settings, coding rates and transmission powers, resulting in over 6720 possible settings. It is a challenge to determine the setting that minimises transmission energy cost while meeting the required communication performance. This paper is the first to present a thorough analysis of the impact of LoRa transmission parameter selection on communication performance. We study in detail the impact of parameter settings on energy consumption and communication reliability. Using this study we develop a link probing regime which enables us to quickly determine transmission settings that satisfy performance requirements. The presented work is a first step towards an automated mechanism for LoRa transmission parameter selection that a deployed LoRa network requires, but is not yet specified within the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) framework.
An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for the Row Minima of a Totally Monotone Matrix

We give a parallel algorithm for the problem of computing the row minima of a totally monotone two-dimensionrd matrix. Whereas the previous best CREW-PRAM algorithm for this problem ran in O(log n log log n) time with O(n/ log log n) processors, our algorithm runs in O(log W) time with O(n) processors in the (weaker) EREW-PRAM model. Thus we simultaneously improve the time complexity without any deterioration in the time x processors product, even using a weaker model of parallel computation.
Exploring the tree of numerical semigroups

In this paper we describe an algorithm visiting all numerical semigroups up to a given genus using a well suited representation. The interest of this algorithm is that it fits particularly well the architecture of modern computers allowing very large optimizations: we obtain the number of numerical semigroups of genus g 67 and we confirm the Wilf conjecture for g 60.
Prospective observational study of dementia and delirium in the acute hospital setting.

BACKGROUND
Dementia and delirium appear to be common among older patients admitted to acute hospitals, although there are few Australian data regarding these important conditions.


AIM
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of dementia and delirium among older patients admitted to acute hospitals in Queensland and to profile these patients.


METHOD
Prospective observational cohort study (n = 493) of patients aged 70 years and older admitted to general medical, general surgical and orthopaedic wards of four acute hospitals in Queensland between 2008 and 2010. Trained research nurses completed comprehensive geriatric assessments and obtained detailed information about each patient's physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning using the interRAI Acute Care and other standardised instruments. Nurses also visited patients daily to identify incident delirium. Two physicians independently reviewed patients' medical records and assessments to establish the diagnosis of dementia and/or delirium.


RESULTS
Overall, 29.4% of patients (n = 145) were considered to have cognitive impairment, including 102 (20.7% of the total) who were considered to have dementia. This rate increased to 47.4% in the oldest patients (aged ≥ 90 years). The overall prevalence of delirium at admission was 9.7% (23.5% in patients with dementia), and the rate of incident delirium was 7.6% (14.7% in patients with dementia).


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of dementia and delirium among older patients admitted to acute hospitals is high and is likely to increase with population aging. It is suggested that hospital design, staffing and processes should be attuned better to meet these patients' needs.
Taxonomic Plan Reasoning

CLASP (CLAssification of scenarios and plans) is a knowledge representation system that extends the notion of subsumption from terminological languages to plans. The CLASP representation language provides description-forming operators that specify temporal and conditional relationships between actions represented in CLASSIC (a current subsumption-based knowledge representation language). CLASP supports subsumption inferences between plan concepts and other plan concepts, as well as between plan concepts and plan instances. These inferences support the automatic creation of a plan taxonomy. Subsumption in CLASP builds on term subsumption in CLASSIC and illustrates how term subsumption can be exploited to serve special needs. In particular, the CLASP algorithms for plan subsumption integrate work in automata theory with work in term subsumption.
Clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in children.

PURPOSE
Scaphoid fractures are often missed in children because of their rarity and difficulty with radiographic diagnosis. Children are often treated for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures although there is no radiographic evidence for fracture on initial evaluation. The 2-fold purpose of this study is (1) to determine how many clinically suspected pediatric scaphoid fractures later became radiographically evident fractures and (2) to identify physical examination findings that suggest a scaphoid fracture when present at initial evaluation.


METHODS
We performed separate retrospective and longitudinal reviews of children younger than 16 years referred to orthopaedics with traumatic wrist pain from January 1995 to April 2002. A total of 104 cases with high clinical suspicion but no radiographic evidence of scaphoid fracture on initial examination were included. Patients were followed until discharge to determine if they later demonstrated a confirmed fracture. In the longitudinal arm, 7 specific examination findings were recorded. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the data.


RESULTS
Thirty-one (30%) of the 104 wrists with no initial radiographic evidence of fracture had a radiographically evident scaphoid fracture at follow-up. In the longitudinal arm (n = 41), the following 3 findings were statistically significant predictors of scaphoid fracture: volar tenderness over the scaphoid (P = 0.010), pain with radial deviation (P = 0.001), and pain with active wrist range of motion (P = 0.015). Presence of any of these findings was associated with a higher likelihood of scaphoid fracture.


CONCLUSION
A high percentage (30%) of clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in children became radiographically evident fractures at follow-up. Volar scaphoid tenderness, radial deviation pain, and pain with active wrist range of motion can be used as signs to increase suspicion for eventual fracture. We recommend that all clinically suspected pediatric scaphoid fractures be immobilized with repeat radiographs and a clinical examination at 2 weeks.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
Towards a Quality Framework for Enterprise Architecture Models

While Enterprise Architecture Management is an established and widely discussed field of interest in the context of information systems research, we identify a lack of work regarding quality assessment of enterprise architecture models in general and frameworks or methods on that account in particular. By analyzing related work by dint of a literature review in a design science research setting, we provide twofold contributions. We (i) suggest an Enterprise Architecture Model Quality Framework (EAQF) and (ii) apply it to a real world scenario. Keywords—Enterprise Architecture, model quality, quality framework, EA modeling.