LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Multifacet's general execution-driven multiprocessor simulator (GEMS) toolset

The Wisconsin Multifacet Project has created a simulation toolset to characterize and evaluate the performance of multiprocessor hardware systems commonly used as database and web servers. We leverage an existing full-system functional simulation infrastructure (Simics [14]) as the basis around which to build a set of timing simulator modules for modeling the timing of the memory system and microprocessors. This simulator infrastructure enables us to run architectural experiments using a suite of scaled-down commercial workloads [3]. To enable other researchers to more easily perform such research, we have released these timing simulator modules as the Multifacet General Execution-driven Multiprocessor Simulator (GEMS) Toolset, release 1.0, under GNU GPL [9].
Workshop on the Use of Serious Games in the Education of Engineers

Abstract Serious games have proved to be an important tool in supporting the education and training at schools and universities as well as for vocational training in industry. Most games designed for educational or vocational use are designed for a very narrow purpose, mostly for mediating a small range of skills to a specific target group. This paper outlines the workshop on the use of serious games in the education of engineers. It presents the topic and raises some questions that will be discussed during the workshop.
Cephalophagus Non Janiceps : An Extremely Rare Variant of Conjoined Twins : A Case Report

Conjoined twins, popularly known as Siamese twins, result from aberrant embryogenesis [1]. It is a rare presentation with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 births. Since 60% of these cases are still births, so the true incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 200,000 births [2-4]. This disorder is more common in females with female to male ratio of 3:1 [5]. Conjoined twins are classified based on their site of attachment with a suffix ‘pagus’ which is a Greek term meaning “fixed”. The main types of conjoined twins are omphalopagus (abdomen), thoracopagus (thorax), cephalopagus (ventrally head to umbilicus), ischipagus (pelvis), parapagus (laterally body side), craniopagus (head), pygopagus (sacrum) and rachipagus (vertebral column) [6]. Cephalophagus is an extremely rare variant of conjoined twins with an incidence of 11% among all cases. These types of twins are fused at head, thorax and upper abdominal cavity. They are pre-dominantly of two types: Janiceps (two faces are on the either side of the head) or non Janiceps type (normal single head and face). We hereby report a case of non janiceps cephalopagus conjoined twin, which was diagnosed after delivery.
Agricultural technology and its societal implications

Although the refinement of laboresque technologies that save farm labor continues, its boom (in terms of sheer number of machines) passed during the quarter-century lifetime of Technology in Society. Instead, landesque technology, which spares land, holds the spotlight. Landesque is exemplified by high-yielding varieties, the Green Revolution, and genetically modified organisms. The contribution of landesque technologies to national performance can be charted on a plane with the dual dimensions of sustainability: 1) present need and 2) environmental impact. In the dimension of need, national crop production has increased. In the dimension of environmental impact, landesque technology plus consumption that increases more slowly than income has countered population and wealth to steer national journeys toward sustainability. On the sustainability plane, the genius to discover new landesque technology and the courage to apply it can steer nations toward still greater production without veering toward higher impact. # 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modelling pollution dispersion, the ecosystem and water quality in coastal waters: a review

This review is intended as a comprehensive but concise summary of present capabilities in coastal pollutant, ecosystem and water quality modelling. It reflects the recent rapid developments in multidisciplinary modelling in shelf seas. The behaviour of conservative pollutants that act as passive tracers is contrasted with those that have more complex behaviours, including oil spills. The importance of sediment modelling is emphasised, since contaminants commonly exist in both a dissolved and a particulate state, or adhere to sediments. Recently developed ecological models can have great complexity, reflecting the complexity of the real ecosystem. These models are now being linked to physical models of coastal waters and run with the same resolution. This has become possible only recently because of increases in computer power, particularly the availability of parallel systems at reasonable cost. The main advances in physical modelling are likely to come through greater understanding of turbulence and other sub-gridscale processes as well as increased resolution. In the coastal seas there is often a lack of oceanographic data, which is even greater for the many biological and chemical variables than it is for physical variables. This is probably the single most important factor limiting the progress of operational water quality models.  2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in China: a systematic review of 241 cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disease. It was first described in China in 1965, and more cases have been reported subsequently. A systematic review was performed on 241 cases of PAP in China and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is discussed.


METHODS
The Chinese biological and medical databases from 1965 to 2006 were searched and 241 cases with complete clinical and pathological data were identified. The clinical characteristics of the disease were summarized and longitudinal comparisons were made of diagnostic and treatment methods over time.


RESULTS
The morbidity associated with PAP has increased in recent years. The clinical manifestations were non-specific. Progressive dyspnoea, cough and sputum were the most common symptoms. The percentage of patients undergoing CT examination has increased over the years. The combination of bronchoscopic biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis. Treatment was reported for a total of 142 cases. BAL and whole lung lavage were both effective and were only required once by most patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of PAP patients in China are largely consistent with previous reports. Morbidity has increased dramatically in recent years, mainly due to the broad application of bronchoscopy since 1995. CT is very important for diagnosis of the disease. The long-term effects of treatment by whole lung lavage and BAL are similar.
CHAPTER 10 Children and Digital Media

OVERVIEW 376 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MEDIA USE AND EFFECTS 377 Social Cognitive Theory 377 Parasocial Relationships and Parasocial Interactions 377 Cognitive Approaches 378 The Cultivation Hypothesis 378 Uses and Gratification Theory 379 Arousal Theory 379 Psychoanalytic Theory 379 Behaviorism and Classical Conditioning 379 Summary 380 THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF MEDIA PLATFORMS 380 THE ECOLOGY OF THE DIGITALWORLD 381 Media Access 381 Defining Media Exposure 382 Measuring Media Use and Exposure 383 THE DISAPPEARANCE OF QUIET ENVIRONMENTS 386 Media, Imaginative Play, Creativity, and Daydreaming 386 Media and Sleep Patterns 388 Media and Concentration 389 THE SOCIAL NATURE OF MEDIA ENVIRONMENTS: ELECTRONIC FRIENDS AND COMMUNICATIONS 389 Prosocial Media: “It’s a Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood” 390 Parasocial Relationships With Media Characters 392 Social Media: Being and Staying Connected 393 THE MEAN AND SCARY WORLD: MEDIA VIOLENCE AND SCARY CONTENT 394 Media Violence 394 Children’s Fright Reactions to Scary Media Content 396 MEDIA, GENDER, AND SEXUALITY 397 Gender-Stereotyped Content 397 Influences of Media on Gender-Related Processing and Outcomes 398 Sexual Content 400 Influences of Sexual Content on Children 400 FROM OUTDOOR TO INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS: THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC 401 The Content of Food and Beverage Advertisements 402 Energy Intake: Media Influences on Children’s Diets and Health Outcomes 402 Media-Related Caloric Expenditure 403 Summary 403 RISKY MEDIA ENVIRONMENTS: ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND ILLEGAL DRUGS 404 The Content: Exposure to Risky Behaviors 404 Influences of Exposure to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illegal Drugs on Children 404 MEDIA POLICY 404 Early Media Exposure 405 The V-Chip 405 Media Violence 405 Regulating Sexual Content 405 The Commercialization of Childhood 406 Driving Hazards 407 The Children’s Television Act 407 CONCLUSIONS 407 REFERENCES 408
Diuretic, opiate and nitrate use in severe acidotic acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: analysis from the 3CPO trial.

BACKGROUND
Drug treatments for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO) have not been rigorously evaluated and recent observational data suggests some agents are related to poorer outcome.


AIM
We aimed to examine the effect of treatment with diuretics, nitrates and opiates on 7-day mortality, acidosis and respiratory distress in UK Emergency Department (ED) patients with severe acidotic pulmonary oedema.


DESIGN
Analysis of data from the 3CPO trial; a multicentre randomized controlled trial.


METHODS
Data were analysed from patients recruited with severe acidotic pulmonary oedema to the 3CPO trial in 26 UK EDs between 2003 and 2007. The effects of these treatments on 7-day mortality, improvement in acidosis (pH change between baseline and 1 h) and improvement in respiratory distress (patient measured breathlessness using a Visual Analogue Score between baseline and 1 h) were tested using univariate logistic regression analysis, and a regression model used to adjust for confounding baseline differences.


RESULTS
Nitrates were given to 947/1048 (90.4%) patients, diuretics to 934/1049 (89.0%) patients and opiates to 541/1052 patients (51.4%). Adjusted analysis showed that opiate treatment was associated with less improvement in acidosis [difference in improvement in pH -0.022, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.014 to -0.030, P < 0.001], but no difference in mortality or improvement in respiratory distress. We found no evidence that nitrate or diuretic use were associated with any difference in mortality, improvement in acidosis or respiratory distress.


CONCLUSION
Opiate use is associated with less improvement in acidosis during initial treatment and may attenuate effective treatment of severe acidotic ACPO.
Biliary atresia and survival into adulthood without transplantation: a collaborative multicentre clinic review.

BACKGROUND
Biliary atresia is a progressive biliary injury which occurs only in infants.


AIMS
To review the experience of patients surviving into adulthood without the need for liver transplantation in childhood.


METHODS
A multicentre review of patients with biliary atresia treated surgically who survived into adulthood without the need for transplantation.


RESULTS
Twenty-two patients were identified across four centres. Median age at the last follow-up was 25 years (range: 18-46), and 21 patients had clinical features of portal hypertension. At last follow-up values of liver enzymes varied from normal to 15 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ALT (median 2.11 × ULN) and 9 × the ULN for ALP (median 2.02 × ULN). Six patients had a serum bilirubin > 50 μmol/l. Pruritus and jaundice were noted in 8 of 20 patients (40%) and 11 of 22 patients (50%) respectively. Thirteen patients (59.1%) were shown to have imaging features of sclerosing cholangitis, with strictures of intrahepatic bile duct(s) (IHBD), dilatation of IHBD (n = 8), or stone(s) within the IHBD (n = 5). A history of presumed bacterial cholangitis was present in 11 patients (50%). Successful pregnancies were recorded in three of fourteen female patients. Four patients underwent transplant between the ages of 20-27 years. Twenty-one patients (95.5%) were alive, including 18 (81.8%) with their native liver at the time of last follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Some patients treated for biliary atresia will survive into adulthood with their native liver, but commonly with secondary biliary disease including cholangitis and portal hypertension.
Chief complaint classification with recurrent neural networks

Syndromic surveillance detects and monitors individual and population health indicators through sources such as emergency department records. Automated classification of these records can improve outbreak detection speed and diagnosis accuracy. Current syndromic systems rely on hand-coded keyword-based methods to parse written fields and may benefit from the use of modern supervised-learning classifier models. In this paper we implement two recurrent neural network models based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) cells and compare them to two traditional bag-of-words classifiers: multinomial naïve Bayes (MNB) and a support vector machine (SVM). The MNB classifier is one of only two machine learning algorithms currently being used for syndromic surveillance. All four models are trained to predict diagnostic code groups as defined by Clinical Classification Software, first to predict from discharge diagnosis, then from chief complaint fields. The classifiers are trained on 3.6 million de-identified emergency department records from a single United States jurisdiction. We compare performance of these models primarily using the F1 score. We measure absolute model performance to determine which conditions are the most amenable to surveillance based on chief complaint alone. Using discharge diagnoses The LSTM classifier performs best, though all models exhibit an F1 score above 96.00. The GRU performs best on chief complaints (F1=47.38), and MNB with bigrams performs worst (F1=39.40). Certain syndrome types are easier to detect than others. For examples, chief complaints using the GRU model predicts alcohol-related disorders well (F1=78.91) but predicts influenza poorly (F1=14.80). In all instances the RNN models outperformed the bag-of-word classifiers suggesting deep learning models could substantially improve the automatic classification of unstructured text for syndromic surveillance. INTRODUCTION Syndromic surveillance—detection and monitoring individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made (Mandl et al.2004)—can draw from many data sources. Electronic health records of emergency department encounters, especially the free-text chief complaint field, are a common focus for syndromic surveillance (Yoon, Ising, & Gunn 2017). In practice, a computer algorithm associates the text of the chief complaint field with predefined syndromes, often by picking out keywords or parts of keywords or a machine learning algorithm based on mathematical representation of the chief complaint text. In this paper, we explore recurrent neural networks as an alternative to existing methods for associating chief complaint text with syndromes. Overview of Chief Complaint Classifiers In a recent overview of chief complaint classifiers (Conway et al., 2013), the authors divide chief complaint classifiers into 3 categories: keyword-based classifiers, linguistic classifiers, and statistical classifiers.
Design of edge termination on non-uniform 100-V super-junction trench power MOSFET

A design methodology for the edge termination is proposed to achieve the same breakdown voltage of the non-uniform super-junction (SJ) trench metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (TMOSFET) cell structure. A simple analytical solution for the effect of charge imbalance on the termination region is suggested, and it is satisfied with the simulation of potential distribution. The doping concentration decreases linearly in the vertical direction from the N drift region at the bottom to the channel at the top. The structure modeling and the characteristic analyses for potential distribution and electric field are simulated by using of the SILVACO TCAD 2D device simulator, Atlas. As a result, the breakdown voltage of 132V is successfully achieved at the edge termination of non-uniform SJ TMOSFET, which has the better performance than the conventional structure in the breakdown voltage.
Eagle's syndrome: a case of symptomatic calcification of the stylohyoid ligaments

A case of symptomatic calcification of the stylohyoid ligaments is described. The patient presented with head and neck pain, with the neck pain being reproduced by palpation of the styloid process through the tonsillar fossa. Calcification or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament is a frequent, often incidental finding on radiographs, however when the source of pain is from the styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligaments it is referred to as Eagle’s syndrome. The symptoms may be confused with other causes of head and neck pain. This paper also discusses the pain patterns, clinical presentation, radiologic findings and treatment of Eagle’s syndrome. (JCCA 2003; 47(1):21–27)
A high-density MIM capacitor (13 fF/μm/sup 2/) using ALD HfO2 dielectrics

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with different HfO/sub 2/ thickness have been investigated. The results show that both the capacitance density and voltage coefficients of capacitance (VCCs) increase with decreasing HfO/sub 2/ thickness. In addition, it is found that the VCCs decrease logarithmically with increasing thickness. Furthermore, the MIM capacitor with 10-nm HfO/sub 2/ shows a record high capacitance density of 13 fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a VCC of 607 ppm/V, which can meet the requirement of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. It can also provide a low leakage current of 5.95 /spl times/ 10/sup -8/A/cm/sup 2/ at room temperature at 1 V, low tangent values below 0.05, and a small frequency dependence. These results indicate that the devices are suitable for use in silicon integrated circuit applications.
Influence of the size of the microgap on crestal bone levels in non-submerged dental implants: a radiographic study in the canine mandible.

BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence suggests that alveolar crestal bone resorption occurs as a result of the microgap that is present between the implant-abutment interface in dental implants. The objective of this longitudinal radiographic study was to determine whether the size of the interface or the microgap between the implant and abutment influences the amount of crestal bone loss in unloaded non-submerged implants.


METHODS
Sixty titanium implants having sandblasted with large grit, acid-etched (SLA) endosseous surfaces were placed in edentulous mandibular areas of 5 American fox hounds. Implant groups A, B, and C had a microgap between the implant-abutment connection of <10 microm, 50 microm, or 100 microm, respectively, as did groups D, E, and F, respectively. Abutments were either welded (1 -piece) in groups A, B, and C or non-welded (2-piece screwed) in D, E, and F. All abutment interfaces were placed 1 mm above the alveolar crest. Radiographic assessment was undertaken to evaluate peri-implant crestal bone levels at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months after implant placement whereupon all animals were sacrificed.


RESULTS
The size of the microgap at the abutment/implant interface had no significant effect upon crestal bone loss. At 1 month, most implants developed crestal bone loss compared with baseline levels. However, during this early healing period, the non-welded group (D, E, and F) showed significantly greater crestal bone loss from baseline to one month (P <0.04) and 2 months (P < 0.02) compared with the welded group (A, B, and C). No significant differences were observed between these 2 groups at 3 months (P > 0.70).


CONCLUSIONS
Crestal bone loss was an early manifestation of wound healing occurring after 1 month of implant placement. However, the size of the microgap at the implant-abutment interface had no significant effect upon crestal bone resorption. Thus, 2-piece non-welded implants showed significantly greater crestal bone loss compared with 1-piece welded implants after 1 and 2 months suggesting that the stability of the implant/abutment interface may have an important early role to play in determining crestal bone levels. At 3 months, this influence followed a similar trend but was not observed to be statistically significant. This finding implies that implant configurations incorporating interfaces will be associated with biological changes regardless of interface size and that mobility between components may have an early influence on wound healing around the implant.
Topology Formation in IEEE 802.15.4: Cluster-Tree Characterization

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines a set of procedures to set-up a low-rate wireless personal area network where nodes self-organize into a logical communication structure through which data can be routed, hop by hop, from sources to destinations. The network formation of the IEEE 802.15.4 does not impose constraints on the topology. The Zigbee alliance uses the IEEE 802.15.4 layers to build a complete protocol stack for the implementation of wireless sensor networks. ZigBee specifies the network layer for star, tree and peer-to-peer topologies. Starting from these, more complex cluster-tree topologies can be formed. To control the network topology ZigBee fixes the maximum number of routers and end-devices that each router may have as children and also fixes the maximum depth of the tree. To better understand the importance of these constraints we simulate and analyze the IEEE 802.15.4 formation procedure in different network settings (single-sink and multi- sink scenarios). The goal is to provide guidelines for the practical implementation of ZigBee network formation with the aforementioned constraints.