LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Aerosol-assisted CVD-grown WO₃ nanoneedles decorated with copper oxide nanoparticles for the selective and humidity-resilient detection of H₂S.

A gas-sensitive hybrid material consisting of Cu2O nanoparticle-decorated WO3 nanoneedles is successfully grown for the first time in a single step via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Morphological, structural, and composition analyses show that our method is effective for growing single-crystalline, n-type WO3 nanoneedles decorated with p-type Cu2O nanoparticles at moderate temperatures (i.e., 380 °C), with cost effectiveness and short fabrication times, directly onto microhot plate transducer arrays with the view of obtaining gas sensors. The gas-sensing studies performed show that this hybrid nanomaterial has excellent sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen sulfide (7-fold increase in response compared with that of pristine WO3 nanoneedles) and a low detection limit (below 300 ppb of H2S), together with unprecedented fast response times (2 s) and high immunity to changes in the background humidity. These superior properties arise because of the multiple p-n heterojunctions created at the nanoscale in our hybrid nanomaterial.
More distinct food intake patterns among women than men in northern Sweden: a population-based survey

BACKGROUND
The need to promote a healthy diet to curb the current obesity epidemic has today been recognized by most countries. A prerequisite for planning and evaluating interventions on dietary intake is the existence of valid information on long-term average dietary intake in a population. Few large, population-based studies of dietary intake have been carried out in Sweden. The largest to date is the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP), which was initiated in 1985, with data collection still ongoing. This paper reports on the first comprehensive analyses of the dietary data and presents dietary intake patterns among over 60,000 women and men in northern Sweden during 1992-2005.


METHODS
Between 1992 and 2005, 71,367 inhabitants in Västerbotten county aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years visited their local health care center as part of the VIP. Participants of VIP filled in an 84- or 64-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and provided sociodemographic information. Complete and realistic information on consumption frequency was provided by 62,531 individuals. Food intake patterns were analyzed using K-means cluster analyses.


RESULTS
The mean daily energy intake was 6,83 (+/- 1,77) MJ among women and 8,71 (+/- 2,26) MJ among men. More than half of both women and men were classified as Low Energy Reporters (defined as individuals reporting a food intake level below the lower 95% confidence interval limit of the physical activity level). Larger variation in frequency of daily intake was seen among women than among men for most food groups. Among women, four dietary clusters were identified, labeled "Fruit and vegetables", "High fat", "Coffee and sandwich", and "Tea and ice cream". Among men, three dietary clusters were identified, labeled "Fruit and vegetables", "High fat", and "Tea, soda and cookies".


CONCLUSION
More distinct food intake patterns were seen among women than men in this study in northern Sweden. Due to large proportions of Low Energy Reporters, our results on dietary intake may not be suitable for comparisons with recommended intake levels. However, the results on food intake patterns should still be valid and useful as a basis for targeting interventions to groups most in need.
Overview of Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) introduce a new paradigm ‎of wireless broadband Internet access by providing high data ‎rate service, scalability, and self-healing abilities at reduced ‎cost. ‎Obtaining high throughput for multi-cast applications (e.g. ‎video streaming broadcast) in WMNs is challenging due to the ‎interference and the change of channel quality. To overcome ‎this issue, cross-layer has been proposed to improve the ‎performance of WMNs. ‎Network coding is a powerful coding technique that has been ‎proven to be the very effective in achieving the maximum multi-cast ‎throughput. In addition to achieving the multi-cast ‎throughput, network coding offers other benefits such as load ‎balancing and saves bandwidth consumption. This ‎paper presents a review the fundamental concept types of medium access control ‎(MAC) layer, routing protocols, cross-layer and network ‎coding for wireless mesh networks. Finally, a list of directions for further research is considered. 
[Symptom-oriented follow-up of early breast cancer compared to intensive surveillance. Results of a prospective multicentre study: update and 10-year overall survival].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
In a prospective, non-randomised, multicentre cohort study we compared intensive surveillance to symptom-oriented control in the follow-up of patients with early breast cancer after curative surgical treatment. Five-year overall survival had shown that symptom-oriented follow-up was not inferior to intensive control. However, a more intensive, instrumental based follow-up is still claimed by many patients and their physicians. In this context the recent data of 10-year overall survival (OS) are reported.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In the prospective, non-randomised, multicentre cohort study carried out between 1995 and 2000, 244 patients underwent an intensive follow-up (scheduled laboratory tests including CEA and CA 15-3, chest X-rays and liver ultrasound). 426 patients were monitored in a symptom-oriented manner (additional tests only in the case of symptoms indicating possible recurrence). Mammography, structured histories and physical examinations were done regularly in both groups.


RESULTS
In the clinical follow-up group, 90 deaths (21.2 %) were observed with an estimated 10-year overall survival rate of 83.0 % (95 % CI 79.1 -86.3 %).  In the intensive follow-up group, 59 deaths (24.2 %) were observed with an estimated 10-year overall survival rate of 78.5 % (95 % CI 72.6 -83.2 %). The Cox proportional hazards model for OS includes the variables follow-up form, stage of primary tumor and lymph nodes, hormone receptor status, grading and age at diagnosis. This model resulted in a hazard ratio of 1.10 (95 % CI 0.78-1.54) for the follow-up protocol (intensive vs. clinical). Welleks' test for non-inferiority showed that clinical follow-up is not inferior in comparison to intensive follow-up (p < 0.05) for a non-inferiority limit of + 7 % at 10-years.


CONCLUSION
This analysis of 10-year overall survival of patients with early breast cancer after curative primary treatment confirms that follow-up without regular imaging and laboratory tests is not inferior in the sense of a relevant higher mortality. To what extent new concepts in the treatment of breast cancer have any influence on follow-up care has to be examined in further studies.
Herding Behavior In Online P2P Lending: An Empirical Investigation

We study lender behavior in the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market, where individuals bid on unsecured microloans requested by other individual borrowers. Online P2P exchanges are growing, but lenders in this market are not professional investors. In addition, lenders have to take big risks because loans in P2P lending are granted without collateral. While the P2P lending market shares some characteristics of online markets with respect to herding behavior, it also has characteristics that may discourage it. This study empirically investigates herding behavior in the P2P lending market where seemingly conflicting conditions and features of herding are present. Using a large sample of daily data from one of the largest P2P lending platforms in Korea, we find strong evidence of herding and its diminishing marginal effect as bidding advances. We employ a multinomial logit market-share model in which relevant variables from prior studies on P2P lending are assessed. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Patterns of substance use in South Africa: results from the South African Stress and Health study.

BACKGROUND
There are limited data on substance use in South Africa. We describe patterns of substance use based on recent, nationally representative data.


METHODS
Data were derived from the 2002-2004 South African Stress and Health (SASH) study. A nationally representative household probability sample of 4351 adults was interviewed using the paper and pencil version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data are reported for lifetime use, socio-demographic correlates of use, and age of cohort predicting lifetime use for four classes of drugs.


RESULTS
The estimate for cumulative occurrence of alcohol use was 38.7%, of tobacco smoking 30.0%, of cannabis use 8.4%, of other drug use 2.0%, and of extra-medical psychoactive drug use 19.3%. There were statistically significant associations between male gender and alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drug use. Coloureds and whites were more likely than blacks to have used alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Clear cohort variations existed in the age of initiation of drug use; these were most marked for other drugs and for extra-medical drug use. Use of all drug types was much more common in recent cohorts, with a similar cumulative incidence of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use across age cohorts.


CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiological patterns of use for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other drugs and extra-medical drugs provide the first nationally representative data. New findings on race and exploratory data on time trends provide a foundation for future epidemiological work on drug use patterns across birth cohorts and population subgroups in South Africa.
Consistency of the initial cell acquisition procedure is critical to the standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry: results of a pairwise analysis of umbilical cord blood units and cryopreserved aliquots.

BACKGROUND
The CD34+ cell content is a predictive factor for engraftment and survival after umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. The high variability in the CD34 assay results in different recommended cell doses for infusion across transplant centers and also limits the clinical utility of the CD34+ cell counts provided by cord blood banks (CBBs). This bi-institutional study was intended to understand the sources of this variability.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
The level of CD34 agreement between the University of Minnesota (UM) and the Madrid CBB (MCBB) was evaluated on 50 UCB units before and after cryopreservation. Two cryopreserved vials per unit were thawed and processed at both laboratories. Dual-platform ISHAGE-based flow cytometry was used for CD34 enumeration.


RESULTS
Postthaw nucleated cell recoveries were similar. However, whereas CD34+ cell enumeration before freezing was 0.35 +/- 0.22 percent, the results after thawing were 0.98 +/- 0.65 and 0.57 +/- 0.39 percent at UM and MCBB, respectively. Bland-Altman plots analysis ruled out the interchangeability of MCBB and UM CD34 values. Differences in the initial cell acquisition settings accounted for most of the CD34 discrepancy, which was no longer present after normalization of the forward scatter threshold for cell acquisition.


CONCLUSIONS
The standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry is strongly reliant on a consistent initial cell acquisition procedure. The interlaboratory variation can be minimized by using frozen cell aliquots as reference samples. Both requisites should be considered for CD34 testing and UCB unit selection by regulatory institutions involved with cord blood banking and transplantation.
Influence of intramedullary nail diameter and locking mode on the stability of tibial shaft fracture fixation

Fracture healing is affected by the type and the magnitude of movements at the fracture site. Mechanical conditions will be a function of the type of fracture management, the distance between the fracture fragments, and the loading of the fracture site. The hypothesis to be tested was that the use of a larger-diameter intramedullary nail, together with compressed interlocking, would enhance the primary stiffness and reduce fracture site movements, especially those engendered by shearing forces. Six pairs of human tibiae were used to study the influence on fracture site stability of two different diameters (9 and 11 mm) of intramedullary nails, in tension/compression, torsional, four-point bending, and shear tests. The nails were used with two interlocking modes (static interlocking vs. dynamic compression). With static interlocking, the 11-mm-diameter nail provided significantly (30–59%) greater reduction of fracture site movement, as compared with the 9-mm-diameter nail. Using an 11-mm-diameter nail, the stiffness of the bone-implant construct was enhanced by between 20 and 50%. Dynamic compression allowed the interfragmentary movements at the fracture site to be further reduced by up to 79% and the system stiffness to be increased by up to 80%. On biomechanical grounds, the largest possible nail diameter should be used, with minimal reaming, so as to minimize fracture site movement. Compression after meticulous reduction should be considered in axially stable fractures.
A Multi-Resolution Multi-Temporal Technique for Detecting and Mapping Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest

The analysis of rapid environment changes requires orbital sensors with high frequency of data acquisition to minimize cloud interference in the study of dynamic processes such as Amazon tropical deforestation. Moreover, a medium to high spatial resolution data is required due to the nature and complexity of variables involved in the process. In this paper we describe a multiresolution multitemporal technique to simulate Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image using Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The proposed method preserves the spectral resolution and increases the spatial resolution for mapping Amazon Rainfores deforestation using low computational resources. To evaluate this technique, sample images were acquired in the Amazon rainforest border (MODIS tile H12-V10 and ETM+/Landsat 7 path 227 row 68) for 17 July 2002 and 05 October 2002. The MODIS-based simulated ETM+ and the corresponding original ETM+ images were compared through a linear regression method. Additionally, the bootstrap technique was used to calculate the confidence interval for the model to estimate and to perform a sensibility analysis. Moreover, a Linear Spectral Mixing Model, which is the technique used for deforestation mapping in Program for Deforestation Assessment in the Brazilian Legal Amazonia (PRODES) developed by National Institute for Space Research (INPE), was applied to analyze the differences in deforestation estimates. The results showed high OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2011, 3 1944 correlations, with values between 0.70 and 0.94 (p < 0.05, student’s t test) for all ETM+ bands, indicating a good assessment between simulated and observed data (p < 0.05, Z-test). Moreover, simulated image showed a good agreement with a reference image, originating commission errors of 1% of total area estimated as deforestation in a sample area test. Furthermore, approximately 6% or 70 km2 of deforestation areas were missing in simulated image classification. Therefore, the use of Landsat simulated image provides better deforestation estimation than MODIS alone.
Arterial stiffness in adult patients after Fontan procedure

OBJECTIVES
Increased arterial stiffness is a risk factor of atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular complications. The aim of the study was to determine whether peripheral vascular function might be an early marker of impaired health status in patients with a single ventricle after Fontan procedure.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twenty five consecutive adults (11 women and 14 men) aged 24.7 ± 6.2 years after the Fontan procedure and 25 sex, age and BMI match healthy volunteers underwent physical examination, blood analysis, transthoracic echocardiography and noninvasive assessment of aortic stiffness. Augmented pressure and Augmentation Index (AIx) were both significantly elevated in Fontan when compared to the controls (6,08 ± 0,7 vs. 2,0 ± 3,7; p = 0.002 and 17,01 ± 3,3 vs. 6,05 ± 11; p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in pulse wave velocity (PWV), mean blood pressure (BP), brachial pulse pressure (PP), central: systolic BP, diastolic BP and PP. In Fontan group we find negative correlation between PWV and SatO2 (r = -0.68; p = 0.04) and positive correlation with WBC (0.72; p = 0.72; p = 0.013), INR (0.81; p = 0.008), TNFα (r = 0.45; p = 0.04), and postoperative time (r = 0.77; p = 0.02). AIx correlates positively only with age at surgery (r = 0.45; p = 0.04). Bilirubin level correlates positively with brachial PP (r = 0.71; p = 0.02) and central PP (r = 0.68; p = 0.03).The multivariate model showed that SatO2 (β = -0.44, p = 0.04) was the only independent predictor of PWV (R² = 0.32, p = 0.03).


CONCLUSION
Adult Fontan patients have an increased arterial stiffness assessed by a noninvasive technique. Low arterial oxygen saturation postoperative time, age at surgery, white blood cells, TNFα and bilirubin level are associated with arterial stiffening in these patients. The combination of blood parameters of the hepatic function and noninvasive measurements of arterial stiffness could be helpful in comprehensive care of patients with Fontan circulation.
Topology aware overlay networks

Recently, overlay networks have emerged as a means to enhance end-to-end application performance and availability. Overlay networks attempt to leverage the inherent redundancy of the Internet's underlying routing infrastructure to detour packets along an alternate path when the given primary path becomes unavailable or suffers from congestion. However, the effectiveness of these overlay networks depends on the natural diversity of overlay paths between two endhosts in terms of physical links, routing infrastructure, administrative control, and geographical distribution. Several recent studies realized that a measurable number of path outages were unavoidable even with use of such overlay networks. This stems from the fact that overlay paths might overlap with each other when overlay nodes are selected without considering the underlying topology. An overlay network's ability to quickly recover from path outages and congestion is limited unless we ensure path independence at the IP layer. This paper proposes a novel framework for topology-aware overlay networks. In this framework, we expressly design overlay networks, aiming to maximize path independence without degrading performance. We develop measurement-based heuristics for 1) placement of overlay nodes inside an ISP and 2) selection of a set of ISPs. We base our analysis on extensive data collection from 232 points in 10 ISPs, and 100 PlanetLab nodes. On top of node placement, we present measurement-based verification to conclude that single-hop overlay routing performs as well as multi-hop routing with respect to both availability and performance. Our analysis results show that a single-hop overlay path provides the same degree of path diversity as the multi-hop overlay path for more than 90% of source and destination pairs. Finally, we validate the proposed framework using real Internet outages to show that our architecture is able to provide a significant amount of resilience to real-world failures.
Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for EEG decoding and visualization

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (deep ConvNets) has revolutionized computer vision through end-to-end learning, that is, learning from the raw data. There is increasing interest in using deep ConvNets for end-to-end EEG analysis, but a better understanding of how to design and train ConvNets for end-to-end EEG decoding and how to visualize the informative EEG features the ConvNets learn is still needed. Here, we studied deep ConvNets with a range of different architectures, designed for decoding imagined or executed tasks from raw EEG. Our results show that recent advances from the machine learning field, including batch normalization and exponential linear units, together with a cropped training strategy, boosted the deep ConvNets decoding performance, reaching at least as good performance as the widely used filter bank common spatial patterns (FBCSP) algorithm (mean decoding accuracies 82.1% FBCSP, 84.0% deep ConvNets). While FBCSP is designed to use spectral power modulations, the features used by ConvNets are not fixed a priori. Our novel methods for visualizing the learned features demonstrated that ConvNets indeed learned to use spectral power modulations in the alpha, beta, and high gamma frequencies, and proved useful for spatially mapping the learned features by revealing the topography of the causal contributions of features in different frequency bands to the decoding decision. Our study thus shows how to design and train ConvNets to decode task-related information from the raw EEG without handcrafted features and highlights the potential of deep ConvNets combined with advanced visualization techniques for EEG-based brain mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5391-5420, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Value of Temporal Dynamics Information in Driving Scene Segmentation

Semantic scene segmentation has primarily been addressed by forming representations of single images both with supervised and unsupervised methods. The problem of semantic segmentation in dynamic scenes has begun to recently receive attention with video object segmentation approaches. What is not known is how much extra information the temporal dynamics of the visual scene carries that is complimentary to the information available in the individual frames of the video. There is evidence that the human visual system can effectively perceive the scene from temporal dynamics information of the scene’s changing visual characteristics without relying on the visual characteristics of individual snapshots themselves. Our work takes steps to explore whether machine perception can exhibit similar properties by combining appearance-based representations and temporal dynamics representations in a joint-learning problem that reveals the contribution of each toward successful dynamic scene segmentation. Additionally, we provide the MIT Driving Scene Segmentation dataset, which is a large-scale full driving scene segmentation dataset, densely annotated for every pixel and every one of 5,000 video frames. This dataset is intended to help further the exploration of the value of temporal dynamics information for semantic segmentation in video.