LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A short and very short form of the physical self-inventory for adolescents: Development and factor validity

Objectives: The Physical Self-Inventory (PSI)—a French adaptation of the Fox and Corbin’s [1989. The Physical SelfPerception Profile: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 408–430] Physical Self-Perception Profile—was originally developed for use with adults and no study has systematically verified its psychometric properties in adolescent populations. Additionally, this instrument remains too long to be efficiently completed in combination with multiple other instruments within extensive longitudinal or idiographic studies. The purpose of the present investigation was thus threefold: (a) testing the factor validity and reliability of the original PSI in a sample of adolescents; (b) developing and testing the factor validity and reliability of a very short (i.e., two items per scale) form of the PSI in a sample of adolescents; and (c) testing the equivalence of the factor pattern, structural parameters, latent mean structure, and criterion-related validity of both forms of the PSI. Design: Structural equation modeling approach. Method: Two samples participated in this series of studies. In Study 1, a sample of 1018 adolescents completed the adult PSI (25 items) and was randomly split in two sub-samples. In Study 2, a new sample of 320 adolescents completed a very short form of the PSI (PSI-VSF). Factorial validity and gender and multigroup invariance of these instruments (PSI, PSIVSF) were tested using confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: In Study 1, CFA and SEM analyses provided evidence for the factor validity and reliability of a short (PSI-SF: 18 items) and very short (PSI-VSF: 12 items) form of the PSI for adolescents. In Study 2, CFAs and SEMs supported the equivalence of the factor pattern, structural parameters, latent mean structure, and criterion-related validity of both forms of the PSI (i.e., PSI-SF, PSI-VSF). e front matter r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ychsport.2007.10.003 ing author. Tel.: +33 491 759 653; fax: +33 491 170 415. ess: christophe.maiano@univmed.fr (C. Maı̈ano).
Cryptology and the origins of spread spectrum: Engineers during World War II developed an unbreakable scrambler to guarantee secure communications between Allied leaders; actress Hedy Lamarr played a role in the technology

The author describes the development of the scrambler called SIGSALY during World War II that was used for conversations between Churchill and Roosevelt and provides an early example of spread-spectrum communication.
Neighborhood poverty and suicidal thoughts and attempts in late adolescence.

BACKGROUND
Suicide tends to concentrate in disadvantaged neighborhoods, and neighborhood disadvantage is associated with many important risk factors for youth suicide. However, no study has directly investigated the link between neighborhood poverty and youth suicidal behaviors, while controlling for pre-existing vulnerabilities. The objective of this study was to determine whether living in a poor neighborhood is associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts in late adolescence over and above background vulnerabilities, and whether this association can be explained by late-adolescence psychosocial risks: depression, social support, negative life events (NLEs), delinquent activities, substance abuse and exposure to suicide. The potential moderating role of neighborhood poverty was also examined.


METHOD
A subset of 2776 participants was selected from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Late-adolescence suicidal behaviors and risk factors were self-reported. The 2001 Canadian Census was used to characterize neighborhoods during early and middle adolescence. Late-childhood family and individual controls were assessed through parent-report.


RESULTS
At the bivariate level, the odds of reporting suicidal thoughts were about twice as high in poor than non-poor neighborhoods, and the odds of attempting suicide were about four times higher. After controlling for background vulnerabilities, neighborhood poverty remained significantly associated with both suicidal thoughts and attempts. However, these associations were not explained by late-adolescence psychosocial risks. Rather, youth living in poor neighborhoods may be at greater risk through the amplification of other risk factors in disadvantaged neighborhoods.


CONCLUSIONS
Potential explanations for the increased vulnerability of youth living in poor neighborhoods are discussed.
Newborn Body Fat: Associations with Maternal Metabolic State and Placental Size

BACKGROUND
Neonatal body composition has implications for the health of the newborn both in short and long term perspective. The objective of the current study was first to explore the association between maternal BMI and metabolic parameters associated with BMI and neonatal percentage body fat and to determine to which extent any associations were modified if adjusting for placental weight. Secondly, we examined the relations between maternal metabolic parameters associated with BMI and placental weight.


METHODS
The present work was performed in a subcohort (n = 207) of the STORK study, an observational, prospective study on the determinants of fetal growth and birthweight in healthy pregnancies at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids, HDL- and total cholesterol were measured at week 30-32. Newborn body composition was determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Placenta was weighed at birth. Linear regression models were used with newborn fat percentage and placental weight as main outcomes.


RESULTS
Maternal BMI, fasting glucose and gestational age were independently associated with neonatal fat percentage. However, if placental weight was introduced as a covariate, only placental weight and gestational age remained significant. In the univariate model, the determinants of placenta weight included BMI, insulin, triglycerides, total- and HDL-cholesterol (negatively), gestational weight gain and parity. In the multivariable model, BMI, total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol, gestational weight gain and parity remained independent covariates.


CONCLUSION
Maternal BMI and fasting glucose were independently associated with newborn percentage fat. This effect disappeared by introducing placental weight as a covariate. Several metabolic factors associated with maternal BMI were associated with placental weight, but not with neonatal body fat. Our findings are consistent with a concept that the effects of maternal BMI and a number of BMI-related metabolic factors on fetal fat accretion to a significant extent act by modifying placental weight.
Anterior corpectomy via the mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach combined with short-segment posterior fixation for single-level traumatic lumbar burst fractures: analysis of health-related quality of life outcomes and patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE
The authors present clinical outcome data and satisfaction of patients who underwent minimally invasive vertebral body corpectomy and cage placement via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach and posterior short-segment instrumentation for lumbar burst fractures.


METHODS
Patients with unstable lumbar burst fractures who underwent corpectomy and anterior column reconstruction via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach with short-segment posterior fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information, operative parameters, perioperative radiographic measurements, and complications were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome instruments (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], 12-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12]) and an anterior scar-specific patient satisfaction questionnaire were recorded at the latest follow-up.


RESULTS
Twelve patients (7 men, 5 women, average age 42 years, range 22-68 years) met the inclusion criteria. Lumbar corpectomies with anterior column support were performed (L-1, n = 8; L-2, n = 2; L-3, n = 2) and supplemented with short-segment posterior instrumentation (4 open, 8 percutaneous). Four patients had preoperative neurological deficits, all of which improved after surgery. No new neurological complications were noted. The anterior incision on average was 6.4 cm (range 5-8 cm) in length, caused mild pain and disability, and was aesthetically acceptable to the large majority of patients. Three patients required chest tube placement for pleural violation, and 1 patient required reoperation for cage subsidence/hardware failure. Average clinical follow-up was 38 months (range 16-68 months), and average radiographic follow-up was 37 months (range 6-68 months). Preoperative lumbar lordosis and focal lordosis were significantly improved/maintained after surgery. Patients were satisfied with their outcomes, had minimal/moderate disability (average ODI score 20, range 0-52), and had good physical (SF-12 physical component score 41.7% ± 10.4%) and mental health outcomes (SF-12 mental component score 50.2% ± 11.6%) after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Anterior corpectomy and cage placement via a mini-open, extreme lateral, transpsoas approach supplemented by short-segment posterior instrumentation is a safe, effective alternative to conventional approaches in the treatment of single-level unstable burst fractures and is associated with excellent functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Prevention of migraine in the pill-free interval of combined oral contraceptives: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study using natural oestrogen supplements.

CONTEXT
Migraine in the pill-free interval of combined oral contraceptives is reported by many women, but there is little published information on possible mechanisms and treatments.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the use of natural oestrogen patches affected the occurrence and severity of migraine during the pill-free interval.


DESIGN
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover study.


SETTING
The City of London Migraine Clinic.


PARTICIPANTS
Fourteen women with migraine during the pill-free interval.


INTERVENTIONS
50 microg oestradiol patches (Evorel) used during the pill-free interval for two cycles versus placebo for two cycles (total four cycles).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Number of pill-free intervals (zero, one or two) during which migraine occurred; number of days of migraine; severity of migraine; number of days of migraine accompanied by nausea, vomiting and/or photophobia.


RESULTS
Complete data were available for 12 women and for two cycles for one woman. Use of 50 microg oestrogen patches during the pill-free interval showed a trend towards reducing the frequency and severity of migraine.


DISCUSSION
These results were not as good as expected. However, we had originally aimed for 20 eligible women to participate in the trial, but only 14 were recruited and only 12 completed the study with full data for analysis.


CONCLUSION
The results of this pilot study suggest that use of 50 microg oestrogen patches during the pill-free interval may reduce the frequency and severity of migraine at that time. This study should be repeated with larger numbers of women and a higher dose of oestrogen.
Group therapy for women with substance use disorders: results from the Women's Recovery Group Study.

BACKGROUND
This Stage II trial builds on a Stage I trial comparing the single-gender Women's Recovery Group (WRG) to mixed-gender Group Drug Counseling (GDC) that demonstrated preliminary support for the WRG in treating women with substance use disorders. The Stage II trial aims were to (1) investigate effectiveness of the WRG relative to GDC in a sample of women heterogeneous with respect to substance of abuse and co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and (2) demonstrate the feasibility of implementing WRG in an open-enrollment group format at two sites.


METHOD
In this randomized clinical trial, participants were included if they were substance dependent and had used substances within the past 60 days (n=158). Women were randomized to WRG (n=52) or GDC (n=48); men were assigned to GDC (n=58). Substance use outcomes were assessed at months 1-6 and 9.


RESULTS
Women in both the WRG and GDC had reductions in mean number of substance use days during treatment (12.7 vs 13.7 day reductions for WRG and GDC, respectively) and 6 months post-treatment (10.3 vs 12.7 day reductions); however, there were no significant differences between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The WRG demonstrated comparable effectiveness to standard mixed-gender treatment (i.e., GDC) and is feasibly delivered in an open-group format typical of community treatment. It provides a manual-based group therapy with women-focused content that can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings for women who are heterogeneous with respect to their substance of abuse, other co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and life-stage.
Ischemic heart disease and primary care: identifying gender-related differences. An observational study

BACKGROUND
Gender-related differences are seen in multiple aspects of both health and illness. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a pathology in which diagnostic, treatment and prognostic differences are seen between sexes, especially in the acute phase and in the hospital setting. The objective of the present study is to analyze whether there are differences between men and women when examining associated cardiovascular risk factors and secondary pharmacological prevention in the primary care setting.


METHODS
Retrospective descriptive observational study from January to December of 2006, including 1907 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease in the city of Lleida, Spain. The clinical data were obtained from computerized medical records and pharmaceutical records of medications dispensed in pharmacies with official prescriptions. Data was analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistical analysis as well as logistic regression.


RESULTS
There were no gender-related differences in screening percentages for arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipemia, and smoking. A greater percentage of women were hypertensive, obese and diabetic compared to men. However, men showed a tendency to achieve control targets more easily than women, with no statistically significant differences. In both sexes cardiovascular risk factors control was inadequate, between 10 and 50%. For secondary pharmaceutical prevention, the percentages of prescriptions were greater in men for anticoagulants, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, with age group variations up to 10%. When adjusting by age and specific diagnoses, differences were maintained for anticoagulants and lipid-lowering agents.


CONCLUSION
Screening of cardiovascular risk factors was similar in men and women with IHD. Although a greater percentage of women were hypertensive, diabetic or obese, their management of risk factors tended to be worse than men. Overall, a poor control of cardiovascular risk factors was noted. Taken as a whole, more men were prescribed secondary prevention drugs, with differences varying by age group and IHD diagnosis.
Impact of qigong exercise on self-efficacy and other cognitive perceptual variables in patients with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of practicing qigong on middle-age subjects with essential hypertension. Impacts on blood pressure, reported self-efficacy, perceived benefit, and emotion were observed.


DESIGN
Thirty-six (36) adult volunteers were assigned to either a waiting list control or a qigong group that practiced two 30-minute qigong programs per week over 8 consecutive weeks.


RESULTS
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in members of the qigong group after 8 weeks of exercise. Significant improvements in self-efficacy and other cognitive perceptual efficacy variables were also documented in the qigong group compared to the original situation described above.


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study demonstrates the positive effects of practicing qigong on controlling blood pressure and enhancing perceptions of self-efficacy.
Validity of the Functional Gait Assessment in patients with Parkinson disease: construct, concurrent, and predictive validity.

BACKGROUND
The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a validated measurement of gait-related activities in certain populations and may be potentially useful to assess balance and gait disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of the FGA in inpatients with PD.


DESIGN
This was a prospective cohort study.


METHODS
One hundred twenty-one inpatients with PD were prospectively enrolled. The FGA and other relevant appraisals of gait, balance, disease severity, and activities of daily living were performed. Six months later, the patients were interviewed by telephone to have their fall information collected. Principal component analysis was used to determine construct validity. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine concurrent validity between the FGA and other measures. Cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were calculated for predictive validity based on the receiver operating characteristic curve.


RESULTS
One common factor was extracted for construct validity, which cumulatively explained 64.0% of the total variance. Correlation coefficients for the FGA compared with other measures ranged from .57 to .85. The cutoff point for predicting falls was 18, with sensitivity of 80.6%, specificity of 80.0%, and positive likelihood ratio of 4.03.


LIMITATIONS
This study was limited by the length of time of follow-up and self-reports of falls without the requirement of a fall diary. Medication adjustment after the FGA evaluation may have led to a different cutoff score for identifying those patients who were at risk of falling.


CONCLUSIONS
The FGA demonstrated good construct validity in patients with PD. It had moderate to strong correlations with other balance and gait appraisals. The FGA can be used to predict falls within the subsequent 6 months.
Teacher consultation and coaching within mental health practice: classroom and child effects in urban elementary schools.

OBJECTIVE
To examine effects of a teacher consultation and coaching program delivered by school and community mental health professionals on change in observed classroom interactions and child functioning across one school year.


METHOD
Thirty-six classrooms within 5 urban elementary schools (87% Latino, 11% Black) were randomly assigned to intervention (training + consultation/coaching) and control (training only) conditions. Classroom and child outcomes (n = 364; 43% girls) were assessed in the fall and spring.


RESULTS
Random effects regression models showed main effects of intervention on teacher-student relationship closeness, academic self-concept, and peer victimization. Results of multiple regression models showed levels of observed teacher emotional support in the fall moderated intervention impact on emotional support at the end of the school year.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest teacher consultation and coaching can be integrated within existing mental health activities in urban schools and impact classroom effectiveness and child adaptation across multiple domains.
CFD Analysis of Axial Flow Fans with Skewed Blades

The present work deals with axial flow fans that are primarily used for providing the required airflow for heat and mass transfer operations in the various industrial equipment and processes. It can be used for cooling, ventilation or for drying purposes. These include cooling towers for air-conditioning and ventilation, humidifiers in textile mills, air heat exchangers for various chemical processes, ventilation and exhaust as in mining industry. In consideration of all these application various efforts in the past have been done to evaluate the performance of axial flow fans. In the present work computational investigation of axial flow fan with Forward and Backward Skewed blade profile carried out using CFD software FLUENT 6.3 and the results are compared with the experimental results from literature. The CFD analysis is done by modeling the axial fan in GAMBIT 2.2 and using Standard k-є model with the Standard wall function for modeling turbulence. The analysis is carried out with blade stagger angle of 25, Skewed angle of 8.3 and at 1440 rpm and 1800 rpm. The aim is to analyze fan with these two types of profiles and compare the static pressure, flow rate, flow coefficient and pressure coefficient generated by fan and hence finding the efficiency of an axial flow fan. After carrying out computational investigation it is found that computational results holds good agreement with the experimental results taken from the literature. Keywords— Axial flow fan, skewed angle, flow rate, flow coefficient, pressure coefficient, CFD.
Latin American Poetry: Origins and Presence

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Vernacular American Map of Latin America 3. The great song of America 4. Modernism and Ruben Dario 5. Brazilian Modernism 6. Precedent, self and communal self: Vallejo and Neruda 7. The traditions of Octavio Paz 8. Modern priorities Notes Bibliography Index.
Colour and its effects in interior environment : a review

Article history: Received Accepted Available online 02 Sept. 2013 30 Sept. 2013 07 Oct. 2013 Colour is an inseparable as well as an important aspect of an interior design. The maximum influence in interior comes with the design of colour. So it is very important to study the colour and its effect in interior environment, it may be physiological as well as psychological. For this, articles were reviewed and analyzed from the existing literature, related to use of colour in both residence as well as commercial interior. The three major areas reviewed were (1) Psychological and physiological effect of colour (2) Meaning of Warm, Cool and Neutral Colour (3) Effect of Colour in forms. The results show that colour is important in designing functional spaces. The results of this analysis may benefit to architects, interior designer, and homeowner to use colour effectively in interior environment. © 2013 International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Technology (IJARST). All rights reserved.
Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs

Human-associated microbial communities vary across individuals: possible contributing factors include (genetic) relatedness, diet, and age. However, our surroundings, including individuals with whom we interact, also likely shape our microbial communities. To quantify this microbial exchange, we surveyed fecal, oral, and skin microbiota from 60 families (spousal units with children, dogs, both, or neither). Household members, particularly couples, shared more of their microbiota than individuals from different households, with stronger effects of co-habitation on skin than oral or fecal microbiota. Dog ownership significantly increased the shared skin microbiota in cohabiting adults, and dog-owning adults shared more 'skin' microbiota with their own dogs than with other dogs. Although the degree to which these shared microbes have a true niche on the human body, vs transient detection after direct contact, is unknown, these results suggest that direct and frequent contact with our cohabitants may significantly shape the composition of our microbial communities. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00458.001.