LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
School Choice, Racial Segregation, and Test-Score Gaps: Evidence from North Carolina's Charter School Program.

Introduction Among the most vexing and persistent issues in American education are the racial segregation of students and the achievement gap between black and white students. With the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954, de jure segregation of schools was prohibited. Nonetheless de facto segregation remains, and recent growth in the nonwhite student population has exacerbated the problem, especially in large urban areas. In 2000, for example, more than 70 percent of black students attended majority nonwhite schools (Clotfelter, 2004). Potentially related to the racial segregation of students is the achievement gap between black and white students. Although this gap decreased by half during the 1970s, it has been widening since the late 1980s (Perie, Moran & Lutkus 2005). Given their salience, it is not surprising that these issues of racial segregation and achievement gaps are part of the public debate about expanding parental choice of schools. Opponents of expanding school choice are concerned that, in the absence of provisions carefully designed to counter such trends, the more motivated and advantaged students will sort into high quality schools with other students largely like themselves, thereby concentrating less motivated, more disadvantaged students in lower quality educational environments. In stark contrast, proponents of school choice argue that expanding parental choice of schools is likely to reduce segregation and achievement gaps. They start with the observation that many disadvantaged students, particularly poor and minority students in urban areas, currently attend some of the most segregated and poorest performing schools in the country. By replacing dysfunctional bureaucratic control with market-like competition, choice proponents assert that policies that expand 2 parental choice among schools will push the underperforming schools that serve disadvantaged students to improve. Even in the absence of such competitive effects on productivity, expanded forms of school choice will allow many poor and minority students to find their way into less segregated, and higher quality, schools. Thus, at the very least, this argument concludes, disadvantaged students who take advantage of newly available schooling options are likely to benefit. conducted by Paul Peterson and his colleagues. These studies find that although access to vouchers did not improve the average test scores of the full set of participating students, African American students who used vouchers to attend a private school exhibited statistically significant positive gains in test scores (Howell et al. 2002; Howell and Peterson 2002). 1 In addition, a study by Derek …
Confidential clinician-reported surveillance of adverse events among medical inpatients

BACKGROUND: Although iatrogenic injury poses a significant risk to hospitalized patients, detection of adverse events (AEs) is costly and difficult. METHODS: The authors developed a confidential reporting method for detecting AEs on a medicine unit of a teaching hospital. Adverse events were defined as patient injuries. Potential adverse events (PAEs) represented errors that could have, but did not result in harm. Investigators interviewed house officers during morning rounds and by e-mail, asking them to identify obstacles to high quality care and iatrogenic injuries. They compared house officer reports with hospital incident reports and patients’ medical records. A multivariate regression model identified correlates of reporting. RESULTS: One hundred ten events occurred, affecting 84 patients. Queries by e-mail (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.05 to 0.49) and on days when house officers rotated to a new service (IRR=0.12; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.91) resulted in fewer reports. The most commonly reported process of care problems were inadequate evaluation of the patient (16.4%), failure to monitor or follow up (12.7%), and failure of the laboratory to perform at test (12.7%). Respondents identified 29 (26.4%) AEs, 52 (47.3%) PAEs, and 29 (26.4%) other house officer-identified quality problems. An AE occurred in 2.6% of admissions. The hospital incident reporting system detected only one house officer-reported event. Chart review corroborated 72.9% of events. CONCLUSIONS: House officers detect many AEs among inpatients. Confidential peer interviews of front-line providers is a promising method for identifying medical errors and substandard quality.
Acupuncture for shoulder pain after stroke: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES
Shoulder pain, for which acupuncture has been used, is a common complication after a stroke that interferes with the function of the upper extremities. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the effects of acupuncture for shoulder pain after stroke.


METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the effects of acupuncture for shoulder pain, published between January 1990 and August 2009, were obtained from the National Libraries of Medicine, MEDLINE(®), CINAHL, AMED, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register 2009, Korean Medical Database (Korea Institute of Science Technology Information, DBPIA, KoreaMed, and Research Information Service System), and the Chinese Database (China Academic Journal).


RESULTS
Among the 453 studies that were obtained (300 written in English, 137 in Chinese, and 16 in Korean), 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All of them were RCTs published in China and reported positive effects of the treatment. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Modified Jadad Scores (MJS) and the Cochrane Back Review Group Criteria List for Methodologic Quality Assessment of RCTs (CBRG); the studies scored between 2 and 3 points on MJS, and between 4 and 7 points on CBRG.


CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded from this systematic review that acupuncture combined with exercise is effective for shoulder pain after stroke. It is recommended that future trials be carefully conducted on this topic.
A comparison between semi-supervised and supervised text mining techniques on detecting irony in greek political tweets

The present work describes a classification schema for irony detection in Greek political tweets. Our hypothesis states that humorous political tweets could predict actual election results. The irony detection concept is based on subjective perceptions, so only relying on human-annotator driven labor might not be the best route. The proposed approach relies on limited labeled training data, thus a semi-supervised approach is followed, where collective-learning algorithms take both labeled and unlabeled data into consideration. We compare the semi-supervised results with the supervised ones from a previous research of ours. The hypothesis is evaluated via a correlation study between the irony that a party receives on Twitter, its respective actual election results during the Greek parliamentary elections of May 2012, and the difference between these results and the ones of the preceding elections of 2009. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional perspectives from four cases.

BACKGROUND
Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage, a distinct form of subarachnoid hemorrhage, is a recently described variant of intracranial hemorrhage. We describe two patients who presented with unusual features of this type of subarachnoid hemorrhage and also two patients who had a perimesencephalic pattern of hemorrhage due to a ruptured posterior circulation aneurysm.


CASE DESCRIPTIONS
The first patient, a 41-year-old woman with perimesencephalic hemorrhage, underwent an exploratory craniotomy because angiography had suggested an anomaly of the basilar tip. No source of hemorrhage could be identified at the time of surgery. The second patient was a 3-year-old boy who presented with opisthotonos and who was found to have a perimesencephalic hemorrhage. Angiography revealed no source for the hemorrhage. The third patient, a 54-year-old man, had a perimesencephalic pattern of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm associated with a fenestration that was missed on the initial angiographic study. The fourth patient, a 43-year-old man, suffered a perimesencephalic pattern of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a small posterior cerebral artery aneurysm, which had not been recognized on two angiograms.


CONCLUSIONS
These patients elaborate on the clinical spectrum of subarachnoid hemorrhage with a perimesencephalic pattern. First, a negative exploratory craniotomy suggests that the source of nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage may not be arterial. Second, nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage may also occur in children. Finally, the index of suspicion for a posterior circulation aneurysm should remain high in patients who present with a perimesencephalic pattern of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and these aneurysms may rise from unusual locations.
First report of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) in the Italian draft horse

BACKGROUND
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta in horses was first recognized at the beginning of the 20th century when it was proposed that the disease could have a genetic cause and an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Electron microscopy studies confirmed that the lesions were characterized by a defect in the lamina propria and the disease was therefore reclassified as epidermolysis bullosa. Molecular studies targeted two mutations affecting genes involved in dermal-epidermal junction: an insertion in LAMC2 in Belgians and other draft breeds and one large deletion in LAMA3 in American Saddlebred.


CASE PRESENTATION
A mechanobullous disease was suspected in a newborn, Italian draft horse foal, which presented with multifocal to coalescing erosions and ulceration on the distal extremities. Histological examination of skin biopsies revealed a subepidermal cleft formation and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the lamina densa of the basement membrane remained attached to the dermis. According to clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings, a diagnosis of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) was made. Genetic tests confirmed the presence of 1368insC in LAMC2 in the foal and its relatives.


CONCLUSION
This is the first report of JEB in Italy. The disease was characterized by typical macroscopic, histologic and ultrastructural findings. Genetic tests confirmed the presence of the 1368insC in LAMC2 in this case: further investigations are required to assess if the mutation could be present at a low frequency in the Italian draft horse population. Atypical breeding practices are responsible in this case and played a role as odds enhancer for unfavourable alleles. Identification of carriers is fundamental in order to prevent economic loss for the horse industry.
BILAG 2004. Development and initial validation of an updated version of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group's disease activity index for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE
To devise a more discriminating version of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) disease activity index and to show that it is reliable.


METHODS
A nominal consensus approach was undertaken by members of BILAG to update and improve the BILAG lupus disease activity index. The index has been revised following intense consultations over a 1-yr period. It has been assessed in two real-patient exercises. These involved patients with diverse clinical features of SLE, including gastrointestinal, hepatic and ophthalmic problems, which the earlier versions of the index did not fully take into account. Reliability in terms of the ability to differentiate patients was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. The level of agreement between physicians was determined by calculating the ratio of estimates of the standard error (SE) attributable to the physicians to the SE attributable to the patients.


RESULTS
Good reliability and high levels of physician agreement were observed in one or both exercises in the constitutional, mucocutaneous, neurological, cardiorespiratory, renal, ophthalmic and haematological systems. In contrast, the musculoskeletal system did not score as well, although providing more clear-cut glossary definitions should greatly improve the situation.


CONCLUSIONS
Some significant changes in the BILAG disease activity index to assess patients with SLE are proposed. The process of demonstrating validity and reliability has started with these two exercises assessing real patients. Further validation studies are under way. BILAG 2004 is likely to be valuable in clinical trials assessing new therapies for the treatment of SLE, as it provides a more comprehensive system-based disease activity measure than has been available previously.
Catastrophic Importance of Catastrophic Forgetting

This paper describes some of the possibilities of artificial neural networks that open up after solving the problem of catastrophic forgetting. A simple model and reinforcement learning applications of existing methods are also proposed
The Relationship between Self-esteem and Listening Comprehension of EFL Students

The present study is aimed at investigating the relationship between selfesteem and listening comprehension of EFL students. Sixty intermediate students (30 male and 30 female) from Shahid Tondgouyan Petroleum University of Abadan, Iran, were selected using a sample proficiency test. Students’ English language listening comprehension scores were calculated using a model test of TOEFL, including 34 audio conversations and 34 written form tests, and their self-esteem was estimated using Coopersmith (1967)’s questionnaire. The results showed that the students' listening comprehension was significantly affected by their self-esteem; that is, selfesteem as a psychological factor had a positive relationship with students’ English language listening comprehension.
Intermittent Computing: Challenges and Opportunities

The maturation of energy-harvesting technology and ultra-low-power computer systems has led to the advent of intermittently-powered, batteryless devices that operate entirely using energy extracted from their environment. Intermittently operating devices present a rich vein of programming languages research challenges and the purpose of this paper is to illustrate these challenges to the PL research community. To provide depth, this paper includes a survey of the hardware and software design space of intermittent computing platforms. On the foundation of these research challenges and the state of the art in intermittent hardware and software, this paper describes several future PL research directions, emphasizing a connection between intermittence, distributed computing, energy-aware programming and compilation, and approximate computing. We illustrate these connections with a discussion of our ongoing work on programming for intermittence, and on building and simulating intermittent distributed systems. 1998 ACM Subject Classification C.0 Hardware/Software Interfaces, D.4.5 Reliability
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF MYOTONIA

Myotonia may be in hereditary neuromuscular diseases with different causes, associated with ion channels of membrane in skeletal muscle fibers. Myotonic phenomenon is a symptom of neuromuscular disorders, characterized by slow relaxation (prolonged contracture) of skeletal muscles after voluntary contraction or electrical stimulation. Myotonia may involve all groups of muscles. However, the nature of muscle destruction could vary depending upon the particular disease.
Cerebellum and Ocular Motor Control

An intact cerebellum is a prerequisite for optimal ocular motor performance. The cerebellum fine-tunes each of the subtypes of eye movements so they work together to bring and maintain images of objects of interest on the fovea. Here we review the major aspects of the contribution of the cerebellum to ocular motor control. The approach will be based on structural-functional correlation, combining the effects of lesions and the results from physiologic studies, with the emphasis on the cerebellar regions known to be most closely related to ocular motor function: (1) the flocculus/paraflocculus for high-frequency (brief) vestibular responses, sustained pursuit eye movements, and gaze holding, (2) the nodulus/ventral uvula for low-frequency (sustained) vestibular responses, and (3) the dorsal oculomotor vermis and its target in the posterior portion of the fastigial nucleus (the fastigial oculomotor region) for saccades and pursuit initiation.
A richly interactive exploratory data analysis and visualization tool using electronic medical records

BACKGROUND
Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain vast amounts of data that is of great interest to physicians, clinical researchers, and medial policy makers. As the size, complexity, and accessibility of EMRs grow, the ability to extract meaningful information from them has become an increasingly important problem to solve.


METHODS
We develop a standardized data analysis process to support cohort study with a focus on a particular disease. We use an interactive divide-and-conquer approach to classify patients into relatively uniform within each group. It is a repetitive process enabling the user to divide the data into homogeneous subsets that can be visually examined, compared, and refined. The final visualization was driven by the transformed data, and user feedback direct to the corresponding operators which completed the repetitive process. The output results are shown in a Sankey diagram-style timeline, which is a particular kind of flow diagram for showing factors' states and transitions over time.


RESULTS
This paper presented a visually rich, interactive web-based application, which could enable researchers to study any cohorts over time by using EMR data. The resulting visualizations help uncover hidden information in the data, compare differences between patient groups, determine critical factors that influence a particular disease, and help direct further analyses. We introduced and demonstrated this tool by using EMRs of 14,567 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients.


CONCLUSIONS
We developed a visual mining system to support exploratory data analysis of multi-dimensional categorical EMR data. By using CKD as a model of disease, it was assembled by automated correlational analysis and human-curated visual evaluation. The visualization methods such as Sankey diagram can reveal useful knowledge about the particular disease cohort and the trajectories of the disease over time.
On the notion of canonical dimension for algebraic groups

We define and study a new numerical invariant of an algebraic group action which we call the canonical dimension. We then apply the resulting theory to the problem of computing the minimal number of parameters required to define a generic hypersurface of degree d in P^{n-1}.
The AdobeIndoorNav Dataset: Towards Deep Reinforcement Learning based Real-world Indoor Robot Visual Navigation

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) demonstrates its potential in learning a model-free navigation policy for robot visual navigation. However, the data-demanding algorithm relies on a large number of navigation trajectories in training. Existing datasets supporting training such robot navigation algorithms consist of either 3D synthetic scenes or reconstructed scenes. Synthetic data suffers from domain gap to the real-world scenes while visual inputs rendered from 3D reconstructed scenes have undesired holes and artifacts. In this paper, we present a new dataset collected in real-world to facilitate the research in DRL based visual navigation. Our dataset includes 3D reconstruction for real-world scenes as well as densely captured real 2D images from the scenes. It provides highquality visual inputs with real-world scene complexity to the robot at dense grid locations. We further study and benchmark one recent DRL based navigation algorithm [1] and present our attempts and thoughts on improving its generalizability to unseen test targets in the scenes.
Multi-Hop WBAN Construction for Healthcare IoT Systems

It is expected that the Internet of Things (IoT) applications for medical services can be one of the most remarkable solution for taking care of aging population which is in the rapid growth. IoT consists of communications and sensors to accomplish purpose. In the diverse kinds of networks, wireless body area network (WBAN) is a highly suitable communication tool for the medical IoT devices. There are many researches about WBAN and sensor network, which are mainly focused on energy efficiency. However, in this paper, we discuss more practical issues for implementation of WBAN to healthcare service. Therefore, we propose a multi-hop WBAN construction scheme that is consists of 4 operations, the clustered topology setup, mobility support, and transmission efficiency enhancement. As an auxiliary benefit, the proposed scheme achieves an energy efficient feature by reducing the number of total control messages. Extensive simulation shows that the proposed scheme remarkably improves the performance of WBAN.
Data Clustering: Algorithms and Applications

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying , microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Data clustering : algorithms and applications / [edited by] Charu C. Aggarwal, Chandan K. Reddy. pages cm.-(Chapman & Hall/CRC data mining and knowledge discovery series) Includes bibliographical references and index.
Dating the colonization of Sahul ( Pleistocene Australia – New Guinea ) : a review of recent research

The date for the initial colonization of Sahul is a key benchmark in human history and the topic of a long-running debate. Most analysts favor either a 40,000 BP or 60,000 BP arrival time, though some have proposed a much earlier date. Here we review data from more than 30 archaeological sites with basal ages >20,000 years reported since 1993, giving special attention to five sites with purported ages >45,000 years. We conclude that while the continent was probably occupied by 42–45,000 BP, earlier arrival dates are not well-supported. This observation undercuts claims for modern human migrations out of Africa and beyond the Levant before 50,000 BP. It also has critical but not yet conclusive implications for arguments about a human role in the extinction of Sahul megafauna. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.