LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety.

BACKGROUND
Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric conditions affecting children and adolescents. Although cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors have shown efficacy in treating these disorders, little is known about their relative or combined efficacy.


METHODS
In this randomized, controlled trial, we assigned 488 children between the ages of 7 and 17 years who had a primary diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or social phobia to receive 14 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline (at a dose of up to 200 mg per day), a combination of sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy, or a placebo drug for 12 weeks in a 2:2:2:1 ratio. We administered categorical and dimensional ratings of anxiety severity and impairment at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12.


RESULTS
The percentages of children who were rated as very much or much improved on the Clinician Global Impression-Improvement scale were 80.7% for combination therapy (P<0.001), 59.7% for cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.001), and 54.9% for sertraline (P<0.001); all therapies were superior to placebo (23.7%). Combination therapy was superior to both monotherapies (P<0.001). Results on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale documented a similar magnitude and pattern of response; combination therapy had a greater response than cognitive behavioral therapy, which was equivalent to sertraline, and all therapies were superior to placebo. Adverse events, including suicidal and homicidal ideation, were no more frequent in the sertraline group than in the placebo group. No child attempted suicide. There was less insomnia, fatigue, sedation, and restlessness associated with cognitive behavioral therapy than with sertraline.


CONCLUSIONS
Both cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline reduced the severity of anxiety in children with anxiety disorders; a combination of the two therapies had a superior response rate. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00052078.)
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling in healthy subjects reveals a unilateral corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced arginine vasopressin release associated with ipsilateral adrenocorticotropin secretion.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts synergistically with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to stimulate ACTH release from the anterior pituitary. In a previous study of bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling in healthy human subjects, we observed lateralized ACTH secretion, suggesting lateralized secretion of an ACTH-regulating hypothalamic factor. To investigate this possibility, we measured ACTH, CRH, AVP, and oxytocin (OT) levels in the IPS and the peripheral circulation in nine normal volunteers, before and after 1 microgram/kg i.v. bolus ovine CRH (oCRH). At baseline, ACTH, AVP, and OT exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) two to threefold intersinus gradient (ISG), indicating the existence of a dominant petrosal sinus. Endogenous CRH was undetectable in all samples. Despite similar exogenous oCRH levels in both petrosal sinuses, oCRH caused a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the ACTH ISG (15.8 +/- 5.6, mean +/- SEM), suggesting increased responsiveness of one dominant side of the anterior pituitary. This was associated with an ipsilateral CRH-induced AVP release and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the AVP ISG (8.6 +/- 2.3), suggesting lateralized AVP secretion by the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the increased AVP ISG after oCRH correlated strongly with the ACTH ISG (r = 0.92, P < 0.01). oCRH administration did not affect OT. These findings suggest that there is a dominant petrosal sinus in healthy volunteers that appears to reflect a dominant side of the adenohypophysis, characterized by increased functional activity and/or responsiveness of the pituitary corticotrophs. This may reflect lateralized hypothalamic and/or suprahypothalamic function resulting in CRH-responsive lateralized secretion of AVP from parvocellular and/or magnocellular axons in the median eminence and the posterior pituitary. Although the functional and teleologic significance of these findings remains to be investigated, our data suggest a novel mechanism for CRH-mediated ACTH release, namely CRH-induced release of AVP which then enhances CRH action on the corticotrophs. Furthermore, our data represent the first direct evidence for the concept of brain lateralization with respect to neuroendocrine secretion.
Visual acuity, self-reported vision and falls in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye study

PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and self-reported vision (SRV) in relation to falls in 8317 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Eye study.


METHODS
All participants completed a health questionnaire that included a question regarding SRV and questions regarding the number of falls in the past year. Distance VA was measured using a logMAR chart for each eye. Poor SRV was defined as those reporting fair or poor distance vision. The relationship between VA and SRV and self-rated falls was analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index, chronic disease, medication use and grip strength.


RESULTS
Of 8317 participants, 26.7% (95% CI 25.7% to 27.7%) had fallen in the past 12 months. Worse VA and poorer SRV were associated with one or more falls in multivariable analysis (OR for falls=1.31, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.66 and OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.61, respectively). Poorer SRV was significantly associated with falls even after adjusting for VA (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.57).


CONCLUSIONS
SRV was associated with falls independently of VA and could be used as a simple proxy measure for other aspects of visual function to detect people requiring vision-related falls interventions.
On the Restricted Burnside Problem

After many unsuccessful attempts to obtain a proof in the late 30s-early 40s the following weaker version of The Burnside Problem was studied: Is it true that there are only finitely many 7??-generated finite groups of exponent nl In other words the question is whether there exists a universal finite m-generated group of exponent n having all other finite m-generated groups of exponent n as homomorphic images. Later (thanks to W. Magnus [35]) this question became known as The Restricted Burnside Problem. In 1964 E. S. Golod gave a negative answer to The General Burnside Problem (cf. [9]). Since then a considerable array of infinitely generated periodic groups was constructed by other authors (cf. Alyoshin [2], Suschansky [44], Grigorchuk [ll],Gupta-Sidki [54]). In 1968 P. S. Novikov and S. I. Adian [39] constructed counter-examples to The Burnside Problem for groups of odd exponents n > 4381 (now for odd exponents n > 115, cf. I. Lysenok [33]). Olshansky's Monsters (cf. [40]) shows how wildly periodic groups may behave. At the same time there were two major reasons to believe that The Restricted Burnside Problem would have a positive solution. One of these reasons was the reduction theorem obtained by Ph. Hall and G. Higman [14]. Let n = p\ . ..pf, where /;,• are distinct prime numbers, iq > 1, and assume that (a) The Restricted Burnside Problem for groups of exponents pf has a positive solution, (b) there are only a finite number of finite simple groups of exponent n, (c) the factor group Out(G) = Aut(G)/Inn(G) is solvable for any finite simple group of exponent n. Then The Restricted Burnside Problem for groups of exponent n also has positive solution. Another reason was the close relation of The Problem to Lie algebras. Suppose n = p, where p is a prime number. Then the finite group G of exponent p is clearly nilpotent. It is easy to see that it is sufficient to find an upper bound
Fast Spatial Averaging Filter

Spatial averaging filter involves smoothing noise images into non-noise images, which is a feature that has significantly impacted many portable devices in recent years, including Tablet PC, E-book reader, and mobile camera phones. Given the limited memory space and the computational power of portable devices, reducing the space and computational complexity of an embedded system is of priority concern. This work presents an efficient algorithm for spatial averaging filter with less computational complexity. Less auxiliary memory is applied to avoid re-compute the sum and to retain the sum between rows. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is faster than other comparison methods in time complexity. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be run in personal digital products due to its simplicity and efficiency.
Eutrophication in transitional waters: an overview

Despite their ecological and economic importance, Transitional Waters (TWs) have fallen behind all the other water categories in respect to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and further, pose some interpretation problems in other existing Water Directives. The problems faced by TWs concerning the implementation of WFD are mainly related to their characteristics, including: the high spatio-temporal variability, the fast response time to perturbations, their high productivity, the fact that primary production in these systems is normally not dominated by phytoplankton, their high socio-economic importance with a long historical tradition, and the strong anthropogenic pressures which exists in these systems. The present review attempts to bring together the main elements characterizing TWs and to identify the current understanding of the process of eutrophication and the problems this raises in establishing reference conditions, in view of the need of implementing the WFD. It is thus necessary to reach agreement on working definitions of TWs that can form the basis for the development of methodologies permitting the establishment of reference conditions; gain an understanding of the processes of eutrophication and the drivers and pressures that play a major role in their evolution; and investigate the use of indicators susceptible of accurately reflecting the ecological quality status of these types of water, as required by the WFD.
Salesforce Compensation Scheme and Consumer Inferences

Ajay Kalra • Mengze Shi • Kannan Srinivasan Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4 Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 kalra@andrew.cmu.edu • mshi@rotman.utoronto.ca • kannans@andrew.cmu.edu
Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors with carotid stiffness--results from the SAPALDIA cohort study.

OBJECTIVE
Manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs with clear sex differences. Carotid stiffness (CS) parameters are increasingly used for CVD risk assessment but the sex-specific association with CVD risk factors as well as association patterns between CS parameters are largely unknown, which we investigated in SAPALDIA population-based cohort participants.


METHODS
Risk factors of 2545 participants without clinically manifest disease were evaluated in 2001-2003 and different CS parameters were assessed in carotid ultrasound scans in 2010-2011. Stratified and non-stratified mixed linear models and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine sex-specific associations, differences and association patterns of single risk factors and CS parameters.


RESULTS
HDL cholesterol was the only significant protective determinant of reduced CS for both sexes (ranges of CS parameters: -3.7; -0.8% of changes in geometric mean per 1SD of the risk factor on an inverted scale) and significant adverse risk factors were BMI (-0.5; 4.7%), systolic (-1.23; 4.7%) and diastolic blood pressure (1.4; 4.4%), heart rate (2.7; 7.9%), C-reactive protein (0.6; 3.3%) and smoking (-2.82; 1%), all p-values of multivariate analyses were <0.01. Sex differences with stiffer CS parameters in men were observed for increased heart rate (p = 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001) and in women for triglyceride (p < 0.003). Similar association patterns were found for most CS parameters.


CONCLUSION
Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors may reflect a sex-specific burden of atherosclerotic risk factors and similar association patterns across different CS parameters within men and women may allow the use of CS parameters in an exchangeable manner.
A clinical and histological report of a tooth with an open apex treated with regenerative endodontics using platelet-rich plasma.

INTRODUCTION
In patients, the outcomes of teeth with necrotic pulps and open apexes that have been treated with regenerative endodontics have always been evaluated clinically and radiographically. The purpose of this case report is to present the clinical, radiographic, and histological findings of a regenerative procedure using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 14 months after the procedure.


METHODS
A 12-year-old boy whose maxillary second premolar tooth had been treated with regenerative endodontics was seen with a chief complaint of pain and sensitivity to cold. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a pulpal diagnosis of reversible pulpitis and normal periapical tissues was made for this tooth. Because of the patient's complaint and his guardian's insistence on either a root canal treatment or an extraction, a root canal treatment was performed in this tooth. After entry into the root canal, the soft tissue present in the canal was removed with the aid of a large barbed broach and examined histologically.


RESULTS
Examination of the tissue removed from the root canal of this tooth revealed the presence of a vital pulp-like vital connective tissue. There was no evidence of bone in the specimen. Very few inflammatory cells were noted in the periphery of the specimen.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on these findings, it appears that pulp-like tissue can be generated in a human tooth with the use of PRP as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures.
Maximum-principle-satisfying second order discontinuous Galerkin schemes for convection-diffusion equations on triangular meshes

We propose second order accurate discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes which satisfy a strict maximum principle for general nonlinear convection-diffusion equations on unstructured triangular meshes. Motivated by genuinely high order maximum-principle-satisfying DG schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws [14, 26], we prove that under suitable time step restriction for forward Euler time stepping, for general nonlinear convection-diffusion equations, the same scaling limiter coupled with second order DG methods preserves the physical bounds indicated by the initial condition while maintaining uniform second order accuracy. Similar to the purely convection cases, the limiters are mass conservative and easy to implement. Strong stability preserving (SSP) high order time discretizations will keep the maximum principle. Following the idea in [30], we extend the schemes to twodimensional convection-diffusion equations on triangular meshes. There are no geometric constraints on the mesh such as angle acuteness. Numerical results including incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are presented to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical methods.
Efficient Load Balancing Algorithm in VM Cloud Environment

The conception of Cloud computing has not only reshaped the field of distributed systems but also fundamentally changed how businesses potential extend today. Load balancing is a core and challenging issue in Cloud Computing. How to use Cloud computing resources efficiently and gain the maximum profits with efficient load balancing algorithm is one of the Cloud computing service providers' ultimate goals. In this paper firstly a analysis of different Virtual Machine (VM) load balancing algorithms was done a new VM load balancing algorithm has been proposed and implemented in Virtual Machine environment of cloud computing in order to achieve better response time and cost I. Introduction Cloud computing is a fast rising area in computing research and industry today. It has the potential to make the new idea of 'computing as a utility' in the near future. The Internet is often represented as a cloud and the term " cloud computing " arises from that analogy. Cloud computing is the dynamic provisioning of IT capabilities (hardware, software, or services) from third parties over a network [7]. It is generally supposed that there are three basic types of cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) [1]. In IaaS grids or clusters, virtualized servers, memory, networks, storage and systems software are delivered as a service. Perhaps the best known example is Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3), IaaS Provide access to computational resources, i.e. CPUs. And also Provide (managed and scalable) resources as services to the user [7]. PaaS typically makes use of dedicated APIs to control the behaviour of a server hosting engine which executes and replicates the execution according to user requests .E.g Force.com, Google App Engine. Software as a Service (SaaS) Standard application software functionality is offered within a cloud. Examples: Google Docs, SAP Business by design.Load balancing is one of prerequisites to utilize the full resources of parallel and distributed systems. load balancing mechanisms can be broadly categorized as centralized or decentralized, dynamic or static, and periodic or non-periodic. Physical resources can be split into a number of logical slices called Virtual Machines (VMs). All VM load balancing methods are designed to determine which Virtual Machine assigned to the next cloudlet [11]. This document introduce a new VM load balancing algorithm and compare the performance of this algorithms with the already existing algorithms …
The usefulness of the somatosensory evoked potentials of the pudendal nerve in diagnosis of probable multiple sclerosis

Study design: The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of pSEP in patients affected by probable MS.Objectives: Bladder dysfunction is the presenting symptom in 2% of patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be present in up to 78% of them. Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials of the pudendal nerve (pSEP) have been found by many authors in patients affected by clinically defined MS, but little is known of diagnostic reliability of pSEP in early stage of MS. Methods: Sixteen patients, eleven females and five males, aged between 18 and 45 years old (mean age 28.9), affected by clinically probable MS, were studied. Six of them reported retention or urge incontinence. pSEP with P1 (P40) scalp wave was analyzed. All patients also underwent visual evoked potentials (VEP), SEP of median and tibial nerves (mSEP, tSEP), brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs), MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation. Urodynamic study with simultaneous measurement of intravesical, intraurethral and abdominal pressures with external sphincter electromyography was performed.Results: Abnormalities of the evoked potentials were found in all patients. Abnormalities of the pSEP were observed in all the symptomatic cases and in eight of the remaining ten patients; ten showed no responses from the scalp and four showed P1 increased latency. Urodynamic abnormalities were found in 12 patients and MRI showed demyelinating lesions in 13 patients and oligoclonal bands were found in eight of them.Conclusion: pSEP can be worthwhile as part of the initial diagnostic evaluation in patients affected by MS. It provides information of diagnostic relevance and plays a role in screening patients for urodynamic testing, which, however, is more specific for detecting urethrovesical dysfunctions and preventing urological complications.
Enhancement of Vasoreactivity and Cognition by Intranasal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
To determine acute effects of intranasal insulin on regional cerebral perfusion and cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention evaluating the effects of a single 40-IU dose of insulin or saline on vasoreactivity and cognition in 15 DM and 14 control subjects. Measurements included regional perfusion, vasodilatation to hypercapnia with 3-Tesla MRI, and neuropsychological evaluation.


RESULTS
Intranasal insulin administration was well tolerated and did not affect systemic glucose levels. No serious adverse events were reported. Across all subjects, intranasal insulin improved visuospatial memory (P ≤ 0.05). In the DM group, an increase of perfusion after insulin administration was greater in the insular cortex compared with the control group (P = 0.0003). Cognitive performance after insulin administration was related to regional vasoreactivity. Improvements of visuospatial memory after insulin administration in the DM group (R(2)adjusted = 0.44, P = 0.0098) and in the verbal fluency test in the control group (R(2)adjusted = 0.64, P = 0.0087) were correlated with vasodilatation in the middle cerebral artery territory.


CONCLUSIONS
Intranasal insulin administration appears safe, does not affect systemic glucose control, and may provide acute improvements of cognitive function in patients with type 2 DM, potentially through vasoreactivity mechanisms. Intranasal insulin-induced changes in cognitive function may be related to vasodilatation in the anterior brain regions, such as insular cortex that regulates attention-related task performance. Larger studies are warranted to identify long-term effects and predictors of positive cognitive response to intranasal insulin therapy.
Comparison of outcomes after laparoscopy-assisted and open total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy with those of open total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.


METHODS
Patients with gastric cancer who underwent total gastrectomy with curative intent in three Korean tertiary hospitals between January 2003 and December 2010 were included in this multicentre, retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between operation method and survival.


RESULTS
A total of 753 patients with early gastric cancer were included in the study. There were no significant differences in the matched cohort for overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) for laparoscopy-assisted versus open total gastrectomy 0.96, 95 per cent c.i. 0.57 to 1.65) or recurrence-free survival (HR 2.20, 0.51 to 9.52). The patterns of recurrence were no different between the two groups. The severity of complications, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, was similar in both groups. The most common complications were anastomosis-related in the laparoscopy-assisted group (8.0 per cent versus 4.2 per cent in the open group; P = 0.015) and wound-related in the open group (1.6 versus 5.6 per cent respectively; P = 0.003). Postoperative death was more common in the laparoscopy-assisted group (1.6 versus 0.2 per cent; P = 0.045).


CONCLUSION
Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer is feasible in terms of long-term results, including survival and recurrence. However, a higher postoperative mortality rate and an increased risk of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy are of concern.