LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving Convergence and Aggregation in National Ecosystem Accounting

........................................................................................................................................................ ii Attestation .................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... vii List of acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... ix Table of contents .......................................................................................................................................... x List of tables ................................................................................................................................................. xi List of figures ...............................................................................................................................................xiii Chapter
African Royal Court Art

Introduction 1: Empires, Kingdoms, and Chieftaincies: The King's Singularity 2: A Few Conceptions of the Portrait 3: History Told in Images 4: Insignia of Sovereignty and Court Objects 5: Elements of Archaeology and History Map of Empires, Kingdoms, and Cities Map of Ethnic Groups Cited Notes Bibliography Photographic Credits Index
m-order - payment model via SMS within the m-banking

Modern social concepts which originated in the postindustrial era of Western civilization development promote mobility as an important factor of social practice. Mobile communication technology has ensured significant changes in lifestyle, in which a person does not move towards the solution to the problem, but solves it from their current position. The activities within the payment system fall into the category of activities which people perform almost on daily basis as part of their private and professional tasks. It is therefore reasonable to explore the possibilities of exploiting the potential of the modern mobile technology for the purpose of solving problems connected to the payment system within the concept of mobile banking. Considering the fact that SMS is the simplest and most widely accepted service of digital data exchange, it is necessary to develop the model of mobile payment system, based on the potential of this particular service.
Extraction of Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent Using New Rapid Plane Solver and Analytical Debye Modeling for Printed Circuit Boards

Dielectric material properties of printed circuit boards (PCBs) are needed by designers working in various areas such as signal integrity, antennas, and embedded RF components. Among many methods to extract the material properties, the full sheet resonance technique is commonly used on PCBs due to its simplicity. The disadvantage of this method is that an analytical equation is used to extract the dielectric constant, which is accurate only for lossless dielectrics. In this paper, a new method is presented to solve the inaccuracy issue of the extraction of the dielectric constant by applying customized electromagnetic simulation based on a new rapid plane solver instead of analytical equations. For PCB dielectrics, the loss tangent tends to be flat over several decades. The dielectric constant then varies as a function of frequency based on the Kronig-Kramers relations. This paper introduces a new Debye type of a model for the complex permittivity of such dielectrics. The parameters of the Debye model can be obtained analytically without requiring any curve fitting. The resulting Debye model can then be easily integrated in SPICE or a finite-difference time-domain simulator.
Metallurgical characterization of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments.

INTRODUCTION
To improve the fracture resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files, manufacturers have introduced new alloys and developed new manufacturing processes for the fabrication of NiTi files. This study aimed to examine the phase transformation behavior and microstructure of NiTi instruments from a novel controlled memory NiTi wire (CM wire).


METHODS
Instruments of EndoSequence (ES), ProFile (PF), ProFile Vortex (Vortex), Twisted Files (TF), Typhoon (TYP), and Typhoon™ CM (TYP CM), all size 25/.04, were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructures of etched instruments were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with x-ray energy-dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analyses.


RESULTS
The DSC analyses showed that each segment of the TYP CM and Vortex instruments had an austenite transformation completion or austenite-finish (A(f)) temperature exceeding 37°C, whereas the NiTi instruments made from conventional superelastic NiTi wire (ES, PF, and TYP) and TF had A(f) temperatures substantially below mouth temperature. The higher A(f) temperature of TYP CM instruments was consistent with a mixture of austenite and martensite structure, which was observed at room temperature with XRD. All NiTi instruments had room temperature martensite microstructures consisting of colonies of lenticular features with substantial twinning. EDS analysis indicated that the precipitates in all NiTi instruments were titanium-rich, with an approximate composition of Ti(2)Ni.


CONCLUSIONS
The TYP CM and Vortex instruments with heat treatment contribute to increase austenite transformation temperature. The CM instrument has significant changes in the phase transformation behavior, compared with conventional superelastic NiTi instruments.
Expanding the Limits of Vision-based Localization for Long-term Route-following Autonomy

Vision-based, autonomous, route-following algorithms enable robots to autonomously repeat manually driven routes over long distances. Through the use of inexpensive, commercial vision sensors, these algorithms have the potential to enable robotic applications across multiple industries. However, in order to extend these algorithms to long-term autonomy, they must be able to operate over long periods of time. This poses a difficult challenge for vision-based systems in unstructured and outdoor environments, where appearance is highly variable. While many techniques have been developed to perform localization across extreme appearance change, most are not suitable or untested for vision-in-the-loop systems such as autonomous route following, which requires continuous metric localization to keep the robot driving. In this paper, we present a vision-based, autonomous, route-following algorithm that combines multiple channels of information during localization to increase robustness against daily appearance change such as lighting. We explore this multichannel visual teach and repeat framework by adding the following channels of information to the basic single-camera, gray-scale, localization pipeline: images that are resistant to lighting change and images from additional stereo cameras to increase the algorithm’s field of view. Using these methods, we demonstrate robustness against appearance change through extensive field deployments spanning over 26 km with an autonomy rate greater than 99.9%. We furthermore discuss the limits of this system when subjected to harsh environmental conditions by investigating keypoint match degradation through time. C © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of the elevation of biochemical markers of myocardial damage on long-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the CK-MB and PCI study.

AIMS
Retrospective studies and post hoc analyses have suggested that mild elevations in the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be associated with an increased risk of death in the long term. However, this finding is still controversial, and the prognostic significance of elevations of more sensitive markers of myocardial damage, such as the cardiac troponins, has not been established. In this multicentre prospective cohort study, we evaluated the influence of post-procedural elevations of CK-MB and troponin I (cTnI) on long-term mortality.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The CK-MB and PCI study included 3494 consecutive patients undergoing PCI from February 2000 to October 2000 in 16 Italian tertiary centres. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and at 8-12 and 18-24 h after the procedure, and were analysed in a core biochemistry laboratory. CK-MB elevation was detected in 16% of the patients, and was associated with increased 2-year mortality [7.2 vs. 3.8%; odds ratio (OR): 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.8; P<0.001). The degree of CK-MB elevation (peak CK-MB ratio) independently predicted the risk of death (adjusted OR per unit: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07; P=0.009). A cTnI elevation was detected in 44.2% of the cases and was not associated with a significant increase in mortality (4.9 vs. 4.0%; OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9-1.7; P=0.2).


CONCLUSION
Post-procedural elevations of CK-MB, but not cTnI, influence 2-year mortality.
Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences

Bowker GC and Star SL. 389 pages. Cambridge, MA, and London: MIT Pr; 1999. $29.95. ISBN 0262024616. Order phone 800-356-0343. Field of medicine: Public health and medical informatics. Format: Hardcover book (softcover also available). Audience: Physicians and nonphysicians involved in developing or setting policy for classification systems, nomenclatures, or vocabularies. Purpose: To discuss the idea that classifications and standardizations have direct impact on social and political aspects of human interaction. Content: The authors organize their presentation into an introductory chapter that frames the issues, followed by three sections (classification and large-scale infrastructures, classification and biography, and classification and work practice) providing specific examples, and a conclusion section. The authors use the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the Nursing Intervention Classification as primary examples. An extensive bibliography of more than 300 references, a name index, and a subject index follow the text. Highlights: The authors present fascinating history and insights into the development of various classification systems. In addition, they identify issues that arise during the creation of any classification system, such as the need to compromise between providing granular classifications that satisfy needs specific to a time and place. Finally, the authors draw attention to the implications of choices made in the development of some important classification systems. These implications bear on moral judgments, financial effects, and political gains or losses. Limitations: The authors' writing style hinder the reader's ability to access the interesting information and to understand the implications of choices made in developing classification systems. While the overall organization of the book is clear, the themes and ideas do not flow well. Sentences require repeated readings, and a dictionary at your side would be helpful, given the authors' frequent use of unfamiliar words. These failings obscure interesting and valuable facts and viewpoints. Related readings: Svenonius'The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization (MIT Pr; 2000) and Aitchison and colleagues'Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual (Fitzroy Dearborn; 2000). Reviewers: J. Marc Overhage, MD, PhD, and Jeffery G. Suico, MD, Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
A Corpus Study of Evaluative and Speculative Language

This paper presents a corpus study of evaluative and speculative language. Knowledge of such language would be useful in many applications, such as text categorization and summarization. Analyses of annotator agreement and of characteristics of subjective language are performed. This study yields knowledge needed to design e ective machine learning systems for identifying subjective language.
Author ' s personal copy Review of power curve modelling for wind turbines

Currently, variable speed wind turbine generators (VSWTs) are the type of wind turbines most widely installed. For wind energy studies, they are usually modelled by means the approximation of the manufacturer power curve using a generic equation. In literature, several expressions to do this approximation can be found; nevertheless, there is not much information about which is the most appropriate to represent the energy produced by a VSWT. For this reason, in this paper, it is carried out a review of the equations commonly used to represent the power curves of VSWTs: polynomial power curve, exponential power curve, cubic power curve and approximate cubic power curve. They have been compared to manufacturer power curves by using the coefficients of determination, as fitness indicators, and by using the estimation of energy production. Data gathered from nearly 200 commercial VSWTs, ranging from 225 to 7500 kW, has been used for this analysis. Results of the analysis presented in the paper show that exponential and cubic approximations give the higher R values and the lower error in energy estimation. With the approximate cubic power curve quite high values of R and low errors in energy estimation are achieved, which makes this kind of approximation very interesting due to its simplicity. Finally, the polynomial power curve shows the worst results mainly due to its sensitivity to the data given by the manufacturer. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A 0.5V Bulk-Input Operational Transconductance Amplifier with Improved Common-Mode Feedback

This paper presents the design of a two-stage pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The circuit was designed in a standard 0.18 mum, 0.5 V VT digital CMOS process. An improved bulk-mode common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit has been designed which does not load the OTA compared to previous design (Chatterjee, 2004). A self cascode load structure and partial positive feedback provide higher gain. The bulk terminals of all transistors have been biased to lower their Vt and maximize signal swing. The OTA operates at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and consumes only 28 muW of power. Rail-to-rail input is made possible by using the transistor's bulk terminal as the input. For a load of 20 pF the OTA has a simulated DC gain of 65 dB, a gain-bandwidth product of 550 kHz, and a phase margin of 500.
A Contactless Biometric System Using Palm Print and Palm Vein Features

Recently, biometrics has emerged as a reliable technology to provide greater level of security to personal authentication system. Among the various biometric characteristics that can be used to recognize a person, the human hand is the oldest, and perhaps the most successful form of biometric technology (Hand-based biometrics, 2003). The features that can be extracted from the hand include hand geometry, fingerprint, palm print, knuckle print, and vein. These hand properties are stable and reliable. Once a person has reached adulthood, the hand structure and configuration remain relatively stable throughout the person’s life (Yörük et al., 2006). Apart from that, the hand-scan technology is generally perceived as nonintrusive as compared to irisor retina-scan systems (Jain et al., 2004). The users do not need to be cognizant of the way in which they interact with the system. These advantages have greatly facilitated the deployment of hand features in biometric applications. At present, most of the hand acquisition devices are based on touch-based design. The users are required to touch the device or hold on to some peripheral or guidance peg for their hand images to be captured. There are a number of problems associated with this touchbased design. Firstly, people are concerned about the hygiene issue in which they have to place their hands on the same sensor where countless others have also placed theirs. This problem is particularly exacerbated during the outbreak of epidemics or pandemics like SARS and Influenza A (H1N1) which can be spread by touching germs leftover on surfaces. Secondly, latent hand prints which remain on the sensor’s surface could be copied for illegitimate use. Researchers have demonstrated systematic methods to use latent fingerprints to create casts and moulds of the spoof fingers (Putte & Keuning, 2000). Thirdly, the device surface will be contaminated easily if not used right, especially in harsh, dirty, and outdoor environments. Lastly, some nations may resist placing their hands after a user of the opposite sex has touched the sensor. This chapter presents a contactless hand-based biometric system to acquire the palm print and palm vein features. Palm prints refer to the smoothly flowing pattern formed by alternating creases and troughs on the palmar surface of the hand. Three types of line patterns are clearly visible on the palm. These line patterns are known as the principal lines, wrinkles, and ridges. Principal lines are the longest, strongest and widest lines on the palm. The principal lines characterize the most distinguishable features on the palm. Most people have three principal lines, which are named as the heart line, head line, and life line (Fig. 1).
Immediate Effects of Fluvastain on Circulating Soluble Endothelial Protein C and Free Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Statins promptly lower rates of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). These therapeutic properties may be mediated by the effects of statins on key hemostatic factors. This study examined the immediate effects of fluvastatin on plasma free tissue factor pathway inhibitor (fTFPI) and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) concentrations in patients with unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: We studied 57 patients consecutively admitted to our emergency department and randomly assigned to placebo (n = 29) versus fluvastatin, 80 mg, p.o. (n = 28). All patients were treated with aspirin and metoprolol p.o., nitroglycerin i.v., and subcutaneous enoxaparin. Venous blood was sampled as soon as possible upon admission, before and 6 h after administration of study drug and standard anti-ischemic therapy. Results: Mean sEPCR concentrations decreased significantly in patients treated with fluvastatin (−8.1 ± 6.7% from baseline) and was unchanged in the placebo group (−2.3 ± 14.4%, P = 0.007 vs. fluvastatin). Though fTFPI increased significantly after the administration of both fluvastatin and placebo, the mean increase after fluvastatin (450±436%) was significantly greater than after placebo (155±141%, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with fluvastatin significantly modified key hemostatic factors toward an antithrombotic effect within 6 h. These properties may, in part, explain the early salutary effects of fluvastatin in patients with ACS.
Visible Light Metasurfaces Based on Single-Crystal Silicon

Semiconducting nanostructures are promising as components in high-performance metasurfaces. We show that single-crystal silicon can be used to realize efficient metasurface devices across the entire visible spectrum, ranging from 480 to 700 nm. Alternative forms of silicon, such as polycrystalline and amorphous silicon, suffer from higher absorption losses and do not yield efficient metasurfaces across this wavelength range. To demonstrate, we theoretically and experimentally characterize the resonant scattering peaks of individual single-crystal silicon nanoridges. In addition, we design high-efficiency metagratings and lenses based on nanoridge arrays, operating at visible wavelengths, using a stochastic optimization approach. We find that at wavelengths where single-crystal silicon is effectively lossless, devices based on high aspect ratio nanostructures are optimal. These devices possess efficiencies similar to those made of titanium oxide, which is an established material for high-efficiency visible wavelength metasurfaces. At blue wavelengths, where single-crystal silicon exhibits absorption losses, optimal devices are instead based on coupled low aspect ratio resonant nanostructures and are able to provide reasonably high efficiencies. We envision that crystalline silicon metasurfaces will enable compact optical systems spanning the full visible spectrum.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Stenting Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease 5-Year Results From the MAIN-COMPARE ( Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis : Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Versus Surg

Duk-Woo Park, MD,* Ki Bae Seung, MD,‡ Young-Hak Kim, MD,* Jong-Young Lee, MD,* Won-Jang Kim, MD,* Soo-Jin Kang, MD,* Seung-Whan Lee, MD,* Cheol Whan Lee, MD,* Seong-Wook Park, MD,* Sung-Cheol Yun, PHD,† Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, MD,§ Myung-Ho Jeong, MD, Yang-Soo Jang, MD,¶ Hyo-Soo Kim, MD,# Pum Joon Kim, MD,‡ In-Whan Seong, MD,†† Hun Sik Park, MD,‡‡ Taehoon Ahn, MD,§§ In-Ho Chae, MD,** Seung-Jea Tahk, MD, Wook-Sung Chung, MD,‡ Seung-Jung Park, MD* Seoul, Gwangju, Bundang, Daejeon, Daegu, Incheon, and Suwon, Korea
The quest for the ray tracing API

Ray tracing has become commodity in rendering and first ray tracing hardware emerges. Hence, the quest for an API is on. The course reviews current efforts and abstractions, especially the interaction of rasterization and ray tracing, cross platform challenges, realtime constraints, and enabling applications beyond image synthesis.
Qingre quyu granule stabilizes plaques through inhibiting the expression of tenascin-C in patients with severe carotid stenosis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the therapeutic effects of Qingre Quyu Granule (QQG) on the patients with severe carotid stenosis, and to explore the mechanism of it.


METHODS
Ninety-six patients with severe carotid stenosis were enrolled in the study and were classified into a QQG group (n=48) and a control group (n=48) randomly using consecutively numbered envelopes. The patients in the QQG group were given QQG and Western medicine, those in the control group were given Western medicine merely, the course of treatment was 16 weeks. All patients went through endarterectomy after treatment. Plaques were subjected to the analysis of CD3, CD68, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), CD40L, tenascin-C, and collagen content lipid content by immunohistochemistry or polarized light analysis.


RESULTS
By the end of experiment, the expressions of CD3, CD68, ICAM-1, MMP9, CD40L and tenascin-C on the plaques were statistically significant lower in the QQG group compared with the control group(P<0.01). The lipid content of the plaque was also significantly lower in the QQG group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The interstitial collagen in the tissue sections of the plaques was also significantly higher in the QQG group in comparison with the control group (P<0.01).


CONCLUSION
QQG could stabilize carotid artery plaques through inhibiting pro-inflammation factors and restraining the tenascin-C and MMP9 pathway.
On the Origin of the Metazoa

A new view is expressed regarding the possible evolution of the Metazoa from unspecialized and relatively simple Metaphyta, instead of from colonial or partitioned Protozoa.