LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A 5-Bit 500-MS/s Asynchronous Digital Slope ADC With Two Comparators

In this brief, we design a single-channel 5-bit 500-MS/s asynchronous digital slope analog-to-digital converter. It is implemented and simulated in SMIC 55-nm CMOS technology. The power supply is 1.2 V and the improved delay cells are used, which can shorten the delay time to 50 ps. In addition, a self-disabled continuous-time comparator is used to save power. A strong-arm comparator is used to resolve the most significant bit, so that we can reduce the number of delay cells and increase the sampling speed. The simulation result achieved a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 25.81 dB.
Single-hidden-layer feed-forward quantum neural network based on Grover learning

In this paper, a novel single-hidden-layer feed-forward quantum neural network model is proposed based on some concepts and principles in the quantum theory. By combining the quantum mechanism with the feed-forward neural network, we defined quantum hidden neurons and connected quantum weights, and used them as the fundamental information processing unit in a single-hidden-layer feed-forward neural network. The quantum neurons make a wide range of nonlinear functions serve as the activation functions in the hidden layer of the network, and the Grover searching algorithm outstands the optimal parameter setting iteratively and thus makes very efficient neural network learning possible. The quantum neuron and weights, along with a Grover searching algorithm based learning, result in a novel and efficient neural network characteristic of reduced network, high efficient training and prospect application in future. Some simulations are taken to investigate the performance of the proposed quantum network and the result show that it can achieve accurate learning.
Capecitabine in combination with preoperative radiation therapy in locally advanced, resectable, rectal cancer: a multicentric phase II study.

BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to evaluate tolerance and efficacy of preoperative treatment with capecitabine in combination with radiation therapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced, resectable, rectal cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-three patients with potentially resectable T3, N0-2 (87%) and T4, N0-2 (13%) rectal cancer were treated with capecitabine (825 mg/m2, twice daily for 7 days/week) and concomitant RT (50.4 Gy/28 fractions). Patients underwent surgery after 6-8 weeks followed, upon physician's indications, by 4-months adjuvant capecitabine. The primary end point was to determine the rate of pathologic complete response. Secondary end points were to assess the rate of clinical response and the safety profile.


RESULTS
All patients but two completed the RT programme and 47 (89%) received 81%-100% of the capecitabine dose (100% of dose in 72% patients, 81%-95% in 17% patients and 48%-74% in 11% of patients). No patient had grade 4 toxicity. Grade 3 toxicity occurred in six patients (11%) and consisted mainly of leucopenia (4%) and hand-foot syndrome (4%). Mild or moderate toxicity was common and included leucopenia (72%), diarrhea (40%), proctitis (34%) and skin toxicity (20%). The overall clinical response rate was 58% and the downstaging rate was 57%, with a pathologic complete response rate of 24%. Among 34 patients with low-lying tumors (<or=5 cm from anal verge), 20 (59%) had a sphincter-saving operation.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine and RT appeared to be effective in locally advanced resectable, rectal cancer. The favorable safety profile of the combination might warrant the use of capecitabine and RT with other effective new drugs.
Chemoimmunotherapy reinduction with epratuzumab in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in marrow relapse: a Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study.

PURPOSE
To determine the tolerability and serum concentration of epratuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD22, administered alone and in combination with reinduction chemotherapy in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to preliminarily assess tumor targeting and efficacy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Therapy consisted of a single-agent phase (epratuzumab 360 mg/m(2)/dose intravenously twice weekly x four doses), followed by four weekly doses of epratuzumab in combination with standard reinduction chemotherapy. Morphologic and minimal residual disease (MRD) responses were determined at the end of this 6-week period. Serum concentrations of epratuzumab were determined before and 30 minutes after infusions, and CD22 targeting efficiency was determined by quantifying changes in CD22 expression after epratuzumab administration.


RESULTS
Fifteen patients (12 fully assessable for toxicity) with first or later CD22-positive ALL marrow relapse enrolled on the feasibility portion of this study from December 2005 to June 2006. Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred: one grade 4 seizure of unclear etiology and one asymptomatic grade 3 ALT elevation. In all but one patient, surface CD22 was not detected by flow cytometry on peripheral blood leukemic blasts within 24 hours of drug administration, indicating effective targeting of leukemic cells by epratuzumab. Nine patients achieved a complete remission after chemoimmunotherapy, seven of whom were MRD negative.


CONCLUSION
Treatment with epratuzumab plus standard reinduction chemotherapy is feasible and acceptably tolerated in children with relapsed CD22-positive ALL. CD22 targeting was efficient, and the majority of patients achieved favorable early responses.
THE THREE EASY ROUTES TO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CONTRASTS AND GEOMETRY

Blind separation of independent sources can be achieved by exploiting non Gaussianity, non stationarity or time correlation. This paper examines in a unified framework the objective functions associated to these three routes to source separation. They are the ‘easy routes’ in the sense that the underlying models are the simplest models able to capture the statistical structures which make source separation possible. A key result is a generic connection between mutual information, correlation and marginal ‘non properties’: non Gaussianity, non stationarity, non whiteness.
Preventing crosstalk delay using Fibonacci representation

As the CMOS technology scaled down to deep sub-micron level, the crosstalk effects due to the coupling capacitance between interconnection lines has become one of the main performance limiting factors. Several methods such as those based on routing strategies, skewing the timing of signals on adjacent wires, interleaving mutually exclusive buses, precharging the bus, and bus encoding technique, have been proposed to eliminate/reduce the crosstalk delay. In this work, we propose a bus encoding technique using a variant of binary Fibonacci representation to prevent crosstalk delay and give a recursive procedure to generate crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords. We show that m-bit crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords are used to encode /spl lfloor/log/sub 2/(F/sub m+2/)/spl rfloor/-bit bus, where F/sub m+2/ is the (m+2)/sup th/ Fibonacci number. So, a 32-bit bus can be encoded using 46-bit crosstalk delay free binary Fibonacci codewords.
Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy as a debulking agent for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: an open-label prospective phase II study.

BACKGROUND
Total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) is a powerful treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Based on the occurrence of relapses with low radiation doses, doses of 30-36Gy are commonly used but most patients still eventually relapse and repeat treatment courses are limited due to the cumulative toxicity. Complete response (CR) rates are about 60-90% for T2-4 stages with a 5-year relapse-free survival of 10-25% for stages IB-III.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate prospectively the efficacy of low-dose TSEBT (10Gy) in terms of complete cutaneous response rate, overall response rate and response duration in CTCL.


METHODS
Ten patients with stage IB-IV mycosis fungoides (MF) were treated in an open-label manner with four fractions of TSEBT 1Gy weekly to a total skin dose of 10Gy. Treatment responses were assessed at 1 and 3months after treatment and subsequently at least every 6months for a total period of 2years or to disease relapse or progression.


RESULTS
Patients achieved an overall response rate of 90%. The rate of CR or very good partial response (VGPR; <1% skin affected with patches/plaques) was 70%. The median response duration was 5·2months (range 83-469days) for CR and VGPR. Adverse effects were generally mild to moderate in severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Low-dose TSEBT (10Gy) gave a satisfactory response rate and was well tolerated in patients with MF stage IB-IV. Future studies should determine if the combination of low-dose TSEBT with other agents could increase the rate of CR and response duration.
Motion cueing in the Chalmers driving simulator - A model predictive control approach

Driving simulators are used for several different purposes. Ranging from entertainment, to research of automotive technologies, or even study of driver behaviors, a driving simulator is a very useful tool. The goal of a driving simulator is defined as the reproduction of vehicle dynamics such as accelerations and rotations. This is an intricate task because the motion hardware displacements are subjected to limitations. Therefore, vehicle signals cannot be sent directly to the motion platform and a motion cueing strategy is required. Motion cueing algorithms are used to translate the vehicle motion into valid simulator displacements. Standard motion cueing methods do not possess any kind of constraint awareness. This renders these methods somewhat conservative regarding the computation of motion commands. This thesis work purposes a new motion cueing algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) strategy. By applying MPC, workspace limitations are respected due to its capability of dealing with multivariable, constrained optimization problems. We focused on the development and implementation of the new motion cueing strategy, on the Chalmers Driving Simulator. The human sensorial system was used as the internal model of the controller. The goal is now to reproduce the perceived signals in the vehicle on the motion simulator, rather than accelerations and rotations. The developed controller was tested against the conventional motion cueing approaches installed in the Chalmers Driving Simulator. Tests showed that not only the perceived signals are better replicated by our controller, but the platform workspace is exploited in an optimal fashion.
Pilot physical activity intervention reduces severity of ADHD symptoms in young children.

OBJECTIVE
Physical activity associates with mental health and neurocognitive function, showing potential for addressing ADHD symptoms. As a preliminary assessment of this potential, the authors piloted a before-school physical activity intervention for young children.


METHOD
Seventeen children (Grades K-3) exhibiting four or more hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (Pelham, 2002) completed about 26 min of continuous moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily over eight school weeks. The authors administered cognitive, motor, social, and behavioral functioning measures at pre- and postprogram, assessed response inhibition weekly, and coded negative behaviors daily.


RESULTS
Several measures showed significant or marginally significant change over time (effect size = 0.35-0.96) with additional measures showing meaningful effect size values (≥ 0.20). Response inhibition effects were most consistent. Most participants (64% to 71%) exhibited overall improvement according to postprogram parent, teacher, and program staff ratings.


CONCLUSION
Physical activity shows promise for addressing ADHD symptoms in young children.
Quality of care for people with osteoarthritis: a qualitative study.

AIM
The overall aim of this qualitative study was to explore within primary care the experiences of management and care of individuals with end-stage lower limb osteoarthritis who are on the waiting list for joint replacement.


BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis, one of the most common chronic diseases, causes loss of physical function and severe pain among sufferers. Improving quality of care and service provision for individuals with chronic diseases is high on the UK's NHS agenda.


METHODS
Data were collected by semi-structured qualitative interviews with 21 individuals with osteoarthritis who were waiting for a hip or knee replacement operation. Interviews were analysed using framework analysis.


RESULTS
Participants had been suffering with osteoarthritis for between seven months and 38 years. The management by health professionals for people on the waiting list for joint replacement was minimal. However, participants spoke of 'hiding' their symptoms from health professionals and were trying to 'self-manage' their symptoms. Families became more involved in helping individuals with osteoarthritis to manage with everyday life.


CONCLUSION
Management of individuals' osteoarthritis while on the waiting list needs to be given consideration by health professionals in primary and secondary care. Health professionals need to be working with each other to provide more comprehensive care across the primary and secondary care interface.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Case managers or community matrons could be identified as the co-ordinator and assessor of the needs of patients with osteoarthritis so as to try and improve pain management and service provision for these individuals especially while on the waiting list.
Preprocessing Techniques for Text Mining-An Overview Dr

Data mining is used for finding the useful information from the large amount of data. Data mining techniques are used to implement and solve different types of research problems. The research related areas in data mining are text mining, web mining, image mining, sequential pattern mining, spatial mining, medical mining, multimedia mining, structure mining and graph mining. This paper discussed about the text mining and its preprocessing techniques. Text mining is the process of mining the useful information from the text documents. It is also called knowledge discovery in text (KDT) or knowledge of intelligent text analysis. Text mining is a technique which extracts information from both structured and unstructured data and also finding patterns. Text mining techniques are used in various types of research domains like natural language processing, information retrieval, text classification and text clustering.
Randomized stepped frequency ISAR imaging

Linearly stepped frequency (LSF) waveforms are widely equipped in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), where the frequency is linearly altered with a fixed frequency step in each burst. ISAR employing randomized stepped frequency (RSF) modulation improves the rang-Doppler resolution, widens the unambiguous Doppler window, and enhances performance in electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM). However in RSF radar, range profiles can severely spread when the radial velocity is unknown. In this paper, we analytically derive the return signal model of a target rectilinearly moving at invariable speed, and devise a new algorithm to estimate the velocity and reconstruct the image of target. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A Brief Introduction of Skopos Theory

There are many theories of translation study, among which, Skopos theory is a new branch and can explain and instruct many translation activities. This paper puts forth some basic concepts of Skopos theory, introduces some basic rules of it, and concludes the merits and limitations of Skopos theory.
Precision Tests of a Quantum Hall Effect Device DC Equivalent Circuit Using Double-Series and Triple-Series Connections

Precision tests verify the dc equivalent circuit used by Ricketts and Kemeny to describe a quantum Hall effect device in terms of electrical circuit elements. The tests employ the use of cryogenic current comparators and the double-series and triple-series connection techniques of Delahaye. Verification of the dc equivalent circuit in double-series and triple-series connections is a necessary step in developing the ac quantum Hall effect as an intrinsic standard of resistance.
Inverse Nyquist Stability Criterion for Grid-Tied Inverters

A new impedance-based stability criterion was proposed for a grid-tied inverter system based on a Norton equivalent circuit of the inverter [18]. As an extension of the work in [18], this paper shows that using a Thévenin representation of the inverter can lead to the same criterion in [18]. Further, this paper shows that the criterion proposed by Middlebrook can still be used for the inverter systems. The link between the criterion in [18] and the original criterion is the inverse Nyquist stability criterion. The criterion in [18] is easier to be used. Because the current feedback controller and the phase-locked loop of the inverter introduce poles at the origin and right-half plane to the output impedance of the inverter. These poles do not appear in the minor loop gain defined in [18] but in the minor loop gain defined by Middlebrook. Experimental systems are used to verify the proposed analysis.
Acute, low-dose methamphetamine administration improves attention/information processing speed and working memory in methamphetamine-dependent individuals displaying poorer cognitive performance at baseline

Abstinent methamphetamine (Meth) dependent individuals demonstrate poorer performance on tests sensitive to attention/information processing speed, learning and memory, and working memory when compared to non-Meth dependent individuals. The poorer performance on these tests may contribute to the morbidity associated with Meth-dependence. In light of this, we sought to determine the effects of acute, low-dose Meth administration on attention, working memory, and verbal learning and memory in 19 non-treatment seeking, Meth-dependent individuals. Participants were predominantly male (89%), Caucasian (63%), and cigarette smokers (63%). Following a four day, drug-free washout period, participants were given a single-blind intravenous infusion of saline, followed the next day by 30 mg of Meth. A battery of neurocognitive tasks was administered before and after each infusion, and performance on measures of accuracy and reaction time were compared between conditions. While acute Meth exposure did not affect test performance for the entire sample, participants who demonstrated relatively poor performance on these tests at baseline, identified using a median split on each test, showed significant improvement on measures of attention/information processing speed and working memory when administered Meth. Improved performance was seen on the following measures of working memory: choice reaction time task (p≤0.04), a 1-back task (p≤0.01), and a 2-back task (p≤0.04). In addition, those participants demonstrating high neurocognitive performance at baseline experienced similar or decreased performance following Meth exposure. These findings suggest that acute administration of Meth may temporarily improve Meth-associated neurocognitive performance in those individuals experiencing lower cognitive performance at baseline. As a result, stimulants may serve as a successful treatment for improving cognitive functioning in those Meth-dependent individuals experiencing neurocognitive impairment.
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

This paper presents performance analysis of permanent magnet brush less dc motor (BLDC) using FEA based CAD package MagNet 6.13.First the characteristics of the standard BLDC motor is analysed. Then the design modifications are introduced and the performance of the machine is analysed. Based on the results optimum design is obtained.
Comment to: “Fine structure constant in the spacetime of a cosmic string” [Phys. Lett. B 614 (2005) 140]

Abstract In the paper [F. Nasseri, Phys. Lett. B 614 (2005) 140–142], F. Nasseri shows that the value of the fine structure constant reduces due to the presence of a cosmic string. In this comment I want to point out that this conclusion is not completely correct in the sense that the result obtained is valid only in a very special situation.
Improved functional status and quality of life in prohibitive surgical risk patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation after transcatheter mitral valve repair.

BACKGROUND
Surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR) remains the gold standard for severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR). However, the results with transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) in prohibitive-risk DMR patients have not been previously reported.


OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with severe DMR at prohibitive surgical risk undergoing TMVR.


METHODS
A prohibitive-risk DMR cohort was identified by a multidisciplinary heart team that retrospectively evaluated high-risk DMR patients enrolled in the EVEREST (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study) II studies.


RESULTS
A total of 141 high-risk DMR patients were consecutively enrolled; 127 of these patients were retrospectively identified as meeting the definition of prohibitive risk and had 1-year follow-up (median: 1.47 years) available. Patients were elderly (mean age: 82.4 years), severely symptomatic (87% New York Heart Association class III/IV), and at prohibitive surgical risk (STS score: 13.2 ± 7.3%). TMVR (MitraClip) was successfully performed in 95.3%; hospital stay was 2.9 ± 3.1 days. Major adverse events at 30 days included death in 6.3%, myocardial infarction in 0.8%, and stroke in 2.4%. Through 1 year, there were a total of 30 deaths (23.6%), with no survival difference between patients discharged with MR ≤1+ or MR 2+. At 1 year, the majority of surviving patients (82.9%) remained MR ≤2+ at 1 year, and 86.9% were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased (from 125.1 ± 40.1 ml to 108.5 ± 37.9 ml; p < 0.0001 [n = 69 survivors with paired data]). SF-36 quality-of-life scores improved and hospitalizations for heart failure were reduced in patients whose MR was reduced.


CONCLUSIONS
TMVR in prohibitive surgical risk patients is associated with safety and good clinical outcomes, including decreases in rehospitalization, functional improvements, and favorable ventricular remodeling, at 1 year. (Real World Expanded Multi-center Study of the MitraClip System [REALISM]; NCT01931956).
Active suspension control of ground vehicle based on a full-vehicle model

Two criteria of good vehicle suspension performance are typically their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. An active suspension control approach combining a filtered feedback control scheme and an “input decoupling transformation” is given for a full-vehicle suspension system. Motions of the sprung mass (car body) above and below the wheel frequency modes are mitigated by using active filtering of spring and damping coefficients through inner control loops (ride controller) plus skyhook damping of heave, pitch and roll velocities through outer control loops (attitude controller). The performance of the active suspension control is demonstrated in simulations.