LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Reduced cerebellar left hemisphere and vermal volume in adults with PTSD from a community sample.

BACKGROUND
Traumatic events exposure is a necessary condition for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not all individuals exposed to the same trauma will develop PTSD. Human studies have suggested that the cerebellum is involved in human fear perception, anticipation, and recollection. In this context, the current study evaluated whether cerebellar volume is associated with PTSD.


METHODS
Eighty-four victims of violence, 42 who fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD and 42 resilient controls, were identified through an epidemiologic survey conducted in the city of São Paulo. Subjects were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Early Trauma Inventory (ETI). All subjects underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to evaluate their cerebellar hemispheres and vermis.


RESULTS
PTSD subjects had relative smaller left hemisphere (p = 0.04) and vermis (p < 0.01) volumes persisted after controlling for gender, age, and brain volume. In PTSD group, left cerebellar hemisphere volume correlated negatively with PTSD (p = 0.01) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.04). Vermal volume correlated negatively with PTSD symptoms (p < 0.01), early traumatic life events (p < 0.01), depressive symptoms (p = 0.04) and anxiety (p = 0.01).


CONCLUSION
The cerebellum is involved in emotion modulation, and our results suggest that cerebellar volumetric reduction is associated with mood, anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Early traumatic life experiences are related to vermal volume reduction and may be a risk factor for future PTSD development.
3-D Electrical Impedance Tomography for Piecewise Constant Domains With Known Internal Boundaries

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a badly posed inverse problem, but can be stabilized if one assumes that the conductivity is piecewise constant, with a relatively small number of distinct regions, and that the region boundaries are known, for example from prior anatomical imaging. With this assumption, we introduce a three-dimensional (3-D) boundary element method (BEM) model for the forward EIT map from injected currents to measured voltages, and 3-D inverse solutions for both BEM and the finite element method (FEM) which explicitly take into account the parameterization implied by the known boundary locations. We develop expressions for the Jacobians for both methods, since they are nonlinear, to more rapidly solve the inverse problem. We show simulation results in a torso geometry with the heart and lungs as inhomogeneities. In a simulation study, we could reconstruct the conductive values of some internal organs of a human torso with more than 92% accuracy even with inaccurate internal boundary locations, a randomized rather than constant conductivity profile (with the standard deviation of the Gaussian-distributed conductivities set to 20% of their mean values), signal to measurement noise of 50 dB, and with different meshes used for the forward and inverse problems. BEM and FEM perform similarly, leading to the conclusion that the choice between them should be based on secondary considerations such as computational efficiency or the need to model conductivity anisotropies
Use of day centers for respite by help-seeking caregivers of individuals with dementia.

Addressing the use of respite services by caregivers of individuals with dementia is important to improving social support among this vulnerable group. This article uses theory to conceptualize the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that caregivers of individuals with dementia associate with the use of out-of-home day centers for respite. Interviews and focus groups with 36 caregivers were conducted to explore the beliefs of both users and nonusers of these services. While service users held positive beliefs, nonusers perceived negative outcomes for the care recipient with dementia or faced barriers associated with the recipient's behavioral or physical needs. To address negative perceptions, nurses may need to promote the benefits of day centers for both caregivers and care recipients. However, improvements in program activities and environments, staff development, and caregiver support are also required to address negative beliefs and meet the needs of those currently not accessing care.
TEACHING JEWISH STUDIES “UNDER GENTILE AUSPICES” VERSUS THE ACADEMIC STUDY OF RELIGION, INCLUDING JUDAISM: RESPONSE TO ZACHARY BRAITERMAN

Abstract Zachary Braiterman's essay, “Teaching Jewish Studies in a Radically Gentile Space: Some Personal Reflections,” demonstrates the cost of pursuing a secular, postmodernist agendum rather than teaching about a discipline‐‐Judaism‐‐under auspices of the academic study of religion. Braiterman's students did not learn about the richness of Judaic thought, but rather learned about their own opinions. Braiterman's position demands revision.
Ideas about earthquakes after experiencing a natural disaster in Taiwan: An analysis of students' worldviews

On September 21st, 1999, the central part of Taiwan suffered an earthquake which was 7.3 on the Richter scale. This disaster provided a unique and rare opportunity to study students’ worldviews. Science educators have proposed that students’ worldviews influence their ways of interpreting natural phenomena and then impose an effect on conceptual development in science. The objective of this study was to explore students’ worldviews as revealed by their ideas about the causality of earthquakes after experiencing the natural disaster. In Taiwan’s socio-cultural milieu, there are some indigenous worldviews about earthquakes including the perspectives of supernatural forces and myths. Through tracking the ideas of 60 fifth graders and sixth graders for eight months, this study showed that students tended to employ the following three major approaches to resolve the incongruence between indigenous worldviews and scientific worldviews. First, they may try to accept the scientific ideas and to abandon their original worldviews. Second, they may try to grasp the scientific views and at the same time try to keep the indigenous worldviews unchanged. Many students held a scientific/myths dual perspective about the causes of earthquakes. Finally, they may retain their original worldview and try to ignore the scientific worldview. This paper finally suggests that science educators need to integrate socio-cultural aspects of science and of learning science into science education research and practice.
Factors influencing impulse buying during an online purchase

ii I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Abstract An important element in retailing is the use of impulse purchases; generally small items that are bought by consumers on the spur of the moment. By some estimates, impulse purchases make up approximately 50 percent of all spending by consumers. While impulse purchases have been studied in the brick-and-mortar retail environment, they have not been researched in the online retail environment. With e-commerce growing rapidly and approaching $20 billion per year in the Canadian and US markets, this is an important unexplored area. Using real purchasing behaviour from visitors to the Reunion website of Huntsville High School in Ontario Canada, I explored factors that influence the likelihood of an impulse purchase in an online retail environment. Consistent with diminishing sensitivity (mental accounting and the psychophysics of pricing), the results indicate that the likelihood of a consumer purchasing the impulse item increases with the total amount spent on other items. The results also show that presenting the offer in a popup is a more effective location and presentation mode than embedding the offer into the checkout page and increases the likelihood of the consumer making an impulse purchase. In addition, the results confirm that providing a reason to purchase by linking a $1 donation for a charity to the impulse item increases the frequency of the impulse purchase. iv Acknowledgements
Understanding the Welfare Implications of Preferential Trade Agreements

This paper examines various implications of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), namely Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs), in the context of a multi-country general equilibrium model based on comparative advantage considerations. We calibrate the model to represent countries with symmetric endowments, and compare the impact of those agreements with free trade and a non-cooperative Nash equilibria. Utilizing aggregate and disaggregate welfare change measures, we quantify the welfare effects of trade arrangements. In particular, we develop a numerical approximation procedure to decompose the welfare changes into two components associated with the variations in terms of trade and volume of trade. The results of our analysis indicate that FTAs are better than CUs on welfare grounds for the world as a whole since both member and nonmember economies enjoy welfare benefits in an FTA. Further, we show that, for certain endowment distributions, upon formation of an FTA, nonmember economies get larger welfare benefits than member economies do. Nonetheless, member economies have larger welfare gains in CUs than in FTAS. Our welfare decompositions suggest that a significant fraction of the welfare changes in both member and nonmember countries is explained by the volume of trade effect for both types of PTAS. This implies that, having free access to larger markets, along with greater market power are both important aspects of PTAS. Comparison across endowment distributions indicates that as countries become more divergent in their endowments, the volume of trade effect gets more pronounced for CUs as well as for FTAS. The absence of policy coordination between the members of FTAs decreases the market power of the member economies and induces welfare losses that are associated with the terms of trade effect. However, the ten-ns of trade effect results in significant welfare gains for the members of CUs since they jointly determine their tariff rates.
Combination of 595-nm pulsed dye laser, long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser and microdermabrasion treatment for keratosis pilaris.

mechanobullous epidermolysis bullosa acquisita to combined treatment with immunoadsorption and rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies). Arch Dermatol 2007; 143: 192–198. 6 Sadler E, Schafleitner B, Lanschuetzer C et al. Treatment-resistant classical epidermolysis bullosa acquisita responding to rituximab. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157: 417–419. 7 Crichlow SM, Mortimer NJ, Harman KE. A successful therapeutic trial of rituximab in the treatment of a patient with recalcitrant, high-titre epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 194–196. 8 Saha M, Cutler T, Bhogal B, Black MM, Groves RW. Refractory epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: successful treatment with rituximab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34: e979–e980. 9 Kubisch I, Diessenbacher P, Schmidt E, Gollnick H, Leverkus M. Premonitory epidermolysis bullosa acquisita mimicking eyelid dermatitis: successful treatment with rituximab and protein A immunoapheresis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010; 11: 289–293. 10 Meissner C, Hoefeld-Fegeler M, Vetter R et al. Severe acral contractures and nail loss in a patient with mechano-bullous epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Eur J Dermatol 2010; 20: 543–544.
Auctions for social lending: A theoretical analysis

Article history: Received 27 June 2011 Available online 23 May 2013 JEL classification: D44 D82
Critical Success Factors for Business Intelligence Systems

Received: June 11, 2009 Revised: August 6, 2009 Accepted: September 14, 2009 The implementation of a business intelligence (BI) system is a complex undertaking requiring considerable resources. Yet there is a limited authoritative set of critical success factors (CSFs) for management reference because the BI market has been driven mainly by the IT industry and vendors. This research seeks to bridge the gap that exists between academia and practitioners by investigating the CSFs influencing BI systems success. The study followed a two-stage qualitative approach. Firstly, the authors utilised the Delphi method to conduct three rounds of studies. The study develops a CSFs framework crucial for BI systems implementation. Next, the framework and the associated CSFs are delineated through a series of case studies. The empirical findings substantiate the construct and applicability of the framework. More significantly, the research further reveals that those organisations which address the CSFs from a business orientation approach will be more likely to achieve better results.
Multiport method for the measurement of the scattering parameters of N-ports

The multiport method for the precise measurement of the scattering parameters of N-port devices with a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) is presented. The scattering parameters of an N port cannot be measured directly with a two-port VNA if N>2. Only the scattering parameters of all two-port combinations of the device-under-test (DUT) are measurable. Thereby, the measured two-port scattering parameters strongly depend on the external terminations of the DUTs ports, which are not connected to the VNA during the measurements. In order to eliminate the influences of these external possibly reflective terminations, an error correction has to be performed. In comparison to known correction methods, the multiport method has some advantages. Firstly, the external terminations can be chosen arbitrarily, i.e., short and open circuits are realizable as long as the topology of the DUT allows it. Secondly, the terminations, except for one, can be unknown, leading to a reduction of the inconsistency problem caused by erroneous data of the external terminations, which is also known from the calibration of VNAs with completely known calibration standards. The good performance of the multiport method is shown by measured results.
Influence of amino acid composition and phosphorylation on the ion yields of peptides in MALDI-MS.

The influence of arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and phenylalanine (Phe) residues and phosphorylation on the molecular ion yields of model peptides have been quantitatively studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry in both positive- and negative-ion mode. The results obtained from these experiments have been interpreted from the standpoint of two different components, namely, desorption and ionization, on the basis of the physicochemical properties of constituent amino acids of the model peptides. The presence of basic residues such as Arg and Lys enhanced the ion yields of protonated molecules [M + H](+). An N-terminal rather than a C-terminal Arg residue was advantageous for the formation of both [M + H](+) and [M - H](-). The presence of the Phe residue resulted in the increase of the ion yields of both [M + H](+) and [M - H](-). In contrast, the presence of phosphate group(s) contributed to the suppression of the yields of both [M + H](+) and [M - H](-) due to the loss of phosphate group. The detection limits for both [M + H](+) and [M - H](-) of model peptides have been evaluated.
Validierung der deutschen Version des Oxford Elbow Score

Ellenbogenbeschwerden sind ein komplexes Problem mit gravierenden Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen und das Gesundheitssystem. Die deutsche Version des Oxford Elbow Score (OES) ist das erste deutschsprachige Instrument, welches spezifisch Ellenbogenbeschwerden aus der Patientenperspektive darstellen und Veränderungen des Gesundheitszustands aufzeigen kann. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Validierung des deutschen OES. In diesem Kontext werden dessen interne Konsistenz und Konstruktvalidität untersucht. 59 Probanden mit Ellenbogenbeschwerden füllten die deutsche Version des OES, des DASH und des SF-36 im Rahmen einer Querschnittsstudie aus. Die interne Konsistenz wurde mit Cronbachs Alpha berechnet. Zur Untersuchung der Konstruktvalidität wurden Korrelationen nach Spearman bestimmt. Das Cronbachs Alpha für die Schmerz-, Funktions- und psychosoziale Subskala liegt bei 0,88, 0,81 und 0,90. Der gesamte Fragebogen verfügt über ein Cronbachs Alpha von 0,93. Die konvergente Konstruktvalidität zeigte Korrelationen der OES-Subskalen mit dem DASH von −0,84, −0,77 und −0,82 und von 0,41–0,80 mit den körperlichen Domänen des SF-36. Die divergente Konstruktvalidität zeigte Korrelationen von 0,07–0,20 zu den SF-36-Domänen „allgemeines Gesundheitsbefinden“ und „psychisches Wohlbefinden“. Der deutsche OES ist ein intern konsistentes Instrument mit guter konvergenter und divergenter Konstruktvalidität. Andere Aspekte der Validität wie Reliabilität und Änderungssensitivität sollten durch weitere Studien abgesichert werden. Elbow complaints are complex problems leading to severe consequences for affected people and the healthcare system. The German version of the Oxford Elbow Score (OES) is the first German-speaking instrument that specifically measures elbow complaints from the patient’s perspective and changes of their health status. The aim of this study is the validation of the German version of the OES. In this context the internal consistency and the construct validity were investigated. 59 patients with elbow complaints completed the German version of the OES, the DASH and the SF-36 in a cross-sectional study. The internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to confirm construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha for pain, function and psychological subscales was 0.88, 0.81 and 0.90, respectively. The whole questionnaire presents a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.93. Convergent construct validity was confirmed with correlation coefficients containing values of −0.84, −0.77 and −0.82 compared to DASH and values ranging from 0.41 to 0.80 compared with the physical domains of the SF-36. The divergent construct validity presented values ranging from 0.07 to 0.20 with the SF-36 domains of “general health perception” and “mental health”. The German OES is an internal consistent instrument with good convergent and divergent construct validity. Other aspects of the validity, the reliability and the responsiveness should be confirmed through further studies.
Using EHR data to predict hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: A prospective study of a Bayesian Network model

BACKGROUND
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) are common among inpatients and create substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs, but prevention strategies have been only variably effective.


OBJECTIVES
To develop and assess the impact of a decision support intervention to predict HAPU on the prevalence of ulcers and length of stay in an intensive care unit (ICU), and on the user adoption rate and attitudes.


METHODS
We compared the HAPU prevalence before and after introducing the intervention, and surveyed the users. We used a Bayesian Network model that was validated in previous studies and linked to the electronic health record system in an application called Pressure Ulcer (PU) Manager. The intervention group included 866 at-risk patients in the surgical ICUs of a tertiary teaching hospital over a 6-month period in 2009 and 2010; the controls were 348 patients from a 6-month baseline period in 2006 and 2007.


RESULTS
In the intervention group, the overall HAPU prevalence rate fell from 21% to 4.0% and the ICU length of stay shortened from 7.6 to 5.2 days. After adjustment for primary diagnoses and illness severity, the intervention group was significantly less likely than the baseline group to develop HAPU [odds ratio (OR)=0.1, p<0.0001] and had a shorter ICU length of stay (OR=0.67, p<0.0001). Data entry regarding ulcer severity and body site increased, and the participants used PU Manager more than once a day for over 80% of eligible cases. Attitudes toward PU Manager were positive.


CONCLUSIONS
This decision support approach reduced the prevalence of HAPU tenfold and the ICU length of stay by about one-third. Furthermore, the nurses had favorable attitudes toward using it.
Rupture mechanisms in combined tension and shear—Experiments

I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Jonas Faleskog for his excellent supervision, guidance and support during the span of this work. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to work with you. I would also like to thank the head of the laboratory Mr. Hans¨Oberg for helping out with the experimental part and the design of the fixture. Thanks go to Messrs. Bertil Dolk, Bengt Möllerberg, Martin¨Oberg and Kurt Lindqvist for manufacturing the specimens. Dr. Torbjörn Narström at SSAB Oxelösund is acknowledged for supplying the material. I am also thankful to my colleagues that have contributed to a stimulating environment at the department, especially my officemates Mr. Mateusz Stec and Dr. Kaj Pettersson. I am immensely grateful to my parents Nadhira and Samir and my brothers Zuheir and Fadi for their endless support and limitless love. Thank you for beeing with me along the road of life all these years. God bless each one of you. Finally, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my fiancé Gorgina Zeitoun. It feels great to have you in my life! Paper B: Rupture mechanisms in combined tension and shear—micromechanics Imad Barsoum and Jonas Faleskog To be submitted for international publication Ductile failure and rupture mechanisms in combined tension and shear
The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss during orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE
Tranexamic acid has been used to reduce blood loss and the subsequent need for transfusion in orthopedic, spinal, and cardiac surgery. Orthognathic surgery can be associated with significant bleeding yet its efficacy in this setting is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss during bimaxillary osteotomy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy-three consecutive patients, scheduled for elective bimaxillary osteotomy, were included in this double blind, randomized, controlled trial. They received either a bolus of tranexamic acid (20 mg/kg) or placebo (normal saline) intravenously just before surgery. All patients received induced mild hypotension and had surgery according to a standard protocol. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, transfusion of blood products, perioperative hemoglobin, and hematocrit were recorded.


RESULTS
The total blood loss and blood loss during maxillary surgery was reduced significantly in the tranexamic acid group compared with the control group (878.6 +/- 577.7 mL vs 1,257.2 +/- 817.8 mL and 428.0 +/- 233.3 mL vs 643.8 +/- 430.0 mL, respectively; P < .05). Considering the duration of operation and the treatment groups only, the mean total blood loss in the control group was 422 mL more than that in the tranexamic acid group (P < .001). There was no significant difference in blood transfusion or the length of hospital stay between the 2 groups.


CONCLUSION
Preoperative intravenous bolus administration of tranexamic acid at 20 mg/kg reduces blood loss compared with placebo during bimaxillary osteotomy.
A fast symmetric SVD algorithm for square Hankel matrices

This paper presents an O(n2 log n) algorithm for computing the symmetric singular value decomposition of square Hankel matrices of order n, in contrast with existing O(n3) SVD algorithms. The algorithm consists of two stages: first, a complex square Hankel matrix is reduced to a complex symmetric tridiagonal matrix using the block Lanczos method in O(n2 log n) flops; second, the singular values and singular vectors of the symmetric tridiagonal matrix resulted from the first stage are computed in O(n2) flops. The singular vector matrix is given in the form of a product of three or two unitary matrices. The performance of our algorithm is demonstrated by comparing it with the SVD subroutines in Matlab and LAPACK. © 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. AMS classification: 15A18; 65F20; 65F25; 65F50