LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the OxyMask and Venturi mask in the delivery of supplemental oxygen: pilot study in oxygen-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND
The OxyMask (Southmedic Inc, Canada) is a new face mask for oxygen delivery that uses a small 'diffuser' to concentrate and direct oxygen toward the mouth and nose. The authors hypothesized that this unique design would enable the OxyMask to deliver oxygen more efficiently than a Venturi mask (Hudson RCI, USA) in patients with chronic hypoxemia.


METHODS
Oxygen-dependent patients with chronic, stable respiratory disease were recruited to compare the OxyMask and Venturi mask in a randomized, single-blind, cross-over design. Baseline blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) was established breathing room air, followed in a random order by supplemental oxygen through the OxyMask or Venturi mask. Oxygen delivery was titrated to maintain SaO2 4% to 5% and 8% to 9% above baseline for two separate 30 min periods of stable breathing. Oxygen flow rate, partial pressure of inspired and expired oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2), minute ventilation, heart rate, nasal and oral breathing, SaO2 and transcutaneous PCO2 were collected continuously. The study was repeated following alterations to the OxyMask design, which improved clearance of carbon dioxide.


RESULTS
Thirteen patients, aged 28 to 79 years, were studied initially using the original OxyMask. Oxygen flow rate was lower, inspired PO2 was higher and expired PO2 was lower while using the OxyMask. Minute ventilation and inspired and expired PCO2 were significantly higher while using the OxyMask, whereas transcutaneous PCO2, heart rate and the ratio of nasal to oral breathing did not change significantly throughout the study. Following modification of the OxyMask, 13 additional patients, aged 18 to 79 years, were studied using the same protocol. The modified OxyMask provided a higher inspired PO2 at a lower flow rate, without evidence of carbon dioxide retention.


CONCLUSIONS
Oxygen is delivered safely and more efficiently by the OxyMask than by the Venturi mask in stable oxygen-dependent patients.
A Self-Organizing Spatial Vocabulary

Language is a shared set of conventions for mapping meanings to utterances. This paper explores self-organization as the primary mechanism for the formation of a vocabulary. It reports on a computational experiment in which a group of distributed agents develop ways to identify each other using names or spatial descriptions. It is also shown that the proposed mechanism copes with the acquisition of an existing vocabulary by new agents entering the community and with an expansion of the set of meanings.
Increased olfactory sensitivity in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder with event-related episodes compared with patients with bipolar disorder without such episodes.

OBJECTIVE
Some patients with bipolar disorder experience mood episodes following emotional life events, whereas others do not. There is evidence that orbitofrontal hypoactivity may be related to this, because the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of emotional and behavioural responses to external events. The close anatomical and functional connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory processing suggests that patients with bipolar disorder and heightened emotional reactivity may exhibit altered olfactory function compared with patients with bipolar disorder who do not exhibit this sensitivity.


METHODS
In this pilot study, olfactory function was assessed in patients with bipolar disorder and a history of event-triggered episodes (n = 7) and in patients with bipolar disorder without such a history (n = 9) at the Department of Psychiatry and the Taste and Smell Clinic of the University of Dresden, Germany. Each patient's bipolar disorder was in remission at study entry, and they were on monotherapy with mood stabilizers. Assessment included olfactory event-related potentials (ERP) and psychophysical tests for odour threshold, odour identification and olfactory quality discrimination.


RESULTS
Odour thresholds were lower in patients with bipolar disorder and event-triggered episodes compared with the other patient group. In addition, patients with event-triggered episodes exhibited shorter N1 peak latencies of the olfactory ERP.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate disinhibition of orbitofrontal areas involved in the processing of emotional events in a subset of patients with bipolar illness.
Enhanced Feeding and Diminished Postnatal Growth Failure in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to determine whether an increased supply of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamin A reduces postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth-weight infants.


METHODS
Fifty infants with birth weight <1500 g were randomized to an intervention (n = 24) or a control (n = 26) feeding protocol within 24 hours after birth. Forty-four infants were included in the final analysis. This study was discontinued because of an increased occurrence of septicemia in the intervention group.


RESULTS
The intervention group had a lower mean birth weight (P = 0.03) and a higher proportion of infants small-for-gestational age (P = 0.04) than the control group. Other baseline characteristics were similar. The median (interquartile range) energy and protein supplies during the first 4 weeks of life were higher in the intervention group: 139 (128-145) versus 126 (121-128) kcal · kg · day (P < 0.001) and 4.0 (3.9-4.2) versus 3.2 (3.1-3.3) g · kg · day (P < 0.001). The infants in the intervention group regained birth weight faster (P = 0.001) and maintained their z scores for weight and head circumference from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (both P < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) growth velocity was 17.4 (16.3-18.6) g · kg · day in the intervention group and 13.8 (13.2-15.5) g · kg · day in the control group (P < 0.001). In line with the improved growth in the intervention group, the proportion of growth-restricted infants was 11 of 23 both at birth and at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, whereas this proportion increased among the controls from 4 of 21 to 13 of 21 (P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
Enhanced supply of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamin A caused postnatal growth along the birth percentiles for both weight and head circumference.
Insulin detemir causes increased symptom awareness during hypoglycaemia compared to human insulin.

AIM
The long-acting insulin analogue detemir (Levemir) has structural and physicochemical properties which differ from human insulin. The aim of the present study was to test whether this leads to altered hormone and symptom response during hypoglycaemia.


METHODS
12 healthy subjects [6f/6m, age 32 +/- 6 years (mean +/- s.d.), body mass index (BMI) 24.2 +/- 2.5 kg/m(2)] underwent a 200-min stepwise hypoglycaemic clamp (45 min steps of 4.4, 3.7, 3.0 and 2.3 mmol/l) with either detemir or human insulin in random order. A bolus of detemir (660 mU/kg) or human insulin (60 mU/kg) was given before insulin was infused at a rate of 5 (detemir) or 2 (human insulin) mU/kg/min. Blood was drawn and a semi-quantitative symptom questionnaire was administered before and after each plateau of the hypoglycaemic clamp. Cognitive function was assessed during each step.


RESULTS
Blood glucose levels and glucose infusion rates were comparable with detemir and human insulin. The total symptom score was higher with detemir during the 3 and 2.3 mmol glucose step compared to human insulin (p = 0.048). Especially sweating was increased with detemir (p = 0.02) with an earlier and faster increase during the clamp (interaction insulin x time: p = 0.04). No significant differences between detemir and human insulin in cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone, lactate or free fatty acid (FFA) levels during hypoglycaemia were observed, and there were no significant differences in cognitive function tests.


CONCLUSIONS
Insulin detemir increased symptom awareness during hypoglycaemia compared to human insulin in healthy individuals, whereas counter-regulatory hormone response and cognitive function were unaltered.
Organizational Culture and Leadership in ERP Implementation

This paper theorizes how leadership affects ERP implementation by fostering the desired organizational culture. We contend that ERP implementation success is positively related with organizational culture along the dimensions of learning and development, participative decision making, power sharing, support and collaboration, and tolerance for risk and conflicts. In addition, we identify the strategic and tactical actions that the top management can take to influence organizational culture and foster a culture conducive to ERP implementation. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study are discussed. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A controlled study of formal thought disorder in children with autism and multiple complex developmental disorders.

UNLABELLED
Along with well-defined categories in classification systems (e.g., autistic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)), practitioners are confronted with many children showing mixed forms of developmental psychopathology. These clusters of symptoms are on the borderlines of more defined categories. The late Donald Cohen proposed heuristic criteria to study a group defined by impaired social sensitivity, impaired regulation of affect, and thinking disorders under the name multiple complex developmental disorders (MCDD). Although these children meet criteria for pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), they have additional important clinical features, such as thought disorder. After highlighting similarities and differences between MCDD and comparable groups (e.g., multidimensionally impaired children), this paper presents the findings of a study comparing formal thought disorder scores in children with MCDD to children with autism spectrum diagnoses, such as autistic disorder (AD), and to children with nonspectrum diagnoses, such as ADHD and anxiety disorders.


METHODS
Videotaped speech samples of four groups of high-functioning, latency-aged children with MCDD, AD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders were compared to a control group of normal children using the Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale (K-FTDS).


RESULTS
High formal thought disorder scores were found both in the AD and MCDD groups, low rates in the ADHD groups, and no thought disorder in the anxiety disorder and normal control groups. The severity of formal thought disorder was related to verbal IQ scores within the AD and MCDD groups.


CONCLUSION
High formal thought scores in children with complex developmental disorders, such as AD and MCDD, appear to reflect impaired communication skills rather than early signs of psychosis.
Institutional Repository Roman Hoffmann and Raya Muttarak Learn from the Past , Prepare for the Future : Impacts of Education and Experience on Disaster Preparedness in the Philippines and Thailand

Please c Disaster Summary. — This study aims at understanding the role of education in promoting disaster preparedness. Strengthening resilience to climate-related hazards is an urgent target of Goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Preparing for a disaster such as stockpiling of emergency supplies or having a family evacuation plan can substantially minimize loss and damages from natural hazards. However, the levels of household disaster preparedness are often low even in disaster-prone areas. Focusing on determinants of personal disaster preparedness, this paper investigates: (1) pathways through which education enhances preparedness; and (2) the interplay between education and experience in shaping preparedness actions. Data analysis is based on face-to-face surveys of adults aged 15 years in Thailand (N = 1,310) and the Philippines (N = 889, female only). Controlling for socio-demographic and contextual characteristics, we find that formal education raises the propensity to prepare against disasters. Using the KHB method to further decompose the education effects, we find that the effect of education on disaster preparedness is mainly mediated through social capital and disaster risk perception in Thailand whereas there is no evidence that education is mediated through observable channels in the Philippines. This suggests that the underlying mechanisms explaining the education effects are highly context-specific. Controlling for the interplay between education and disaster experience, we show that education raises disaster preparedness only for those households that have not been affected by a disaster in the past. Education improves abstract reasoning and anticipation skills such that the better educated undertake preventive measures without needing to first experience the harmful event and then learn later. In line with recent efforts of various UN agencies in promoting education for sustainable development, this study provides a solid empirical evidence showing positive externalities of education in disaster risk reduction. 2017TheAuthors.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.This is an open access article under theCCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Personality Traits as Predictors of Leadership Style Preferences : Investigating the Relationship Between Social Dominance Orientation and Attitudes Towards Authentic Leaders

Cite this article Romager JA, Hughes K, Trimble JE. Personality traits as predictors of leadership style preferences: Investigating the relationship between social dominance orientation and attitudes towards authentic leaders. Soc Behav Res Pract Open J. 2017; 3(1): 1-9. doi: 10.17140/SBRPOJ-3-110 Personality Traits as Predictors of Leadership Style Preferences: Investigating the Relationship Between Social Dominance Orientation and Attitudes Towards Authentic Leaders Original Research
Sraffaâ€™s Contributions to the Methodology of Economics

This article highlights some of Sraffaâ€™s main contributions to the methodology of economics. It argues that Sraffa rejected counterfactual reasoning and hence the â€˜marginal methodâ€™ of analysis. Sraffaâ€™s theory is built solely on factual and objective information and hence it removes psychology from economics as well. Sraffaâ€™s theory shows that considerations of demand and the condition of equilibrium of demand and supply are irrelevant to a logical theory of prices. The article goes on to show how Sraffaâ€™s novel approach to economic theory was able to expose the logical errors of â€˜marginal methodâ€™ in the Austrian and Neo-classical theories of distribution. Finally, it also raises some questions for Sraffaâ€™s theory that need to be resolved.JEL: B2, B3, B4, B5
The Asymmetric Business Cycle

The business cycle is a fundamental yet elusive concept in macroeconomics. In this paper, we consider the problem of measuring the business cycle. First, we argue for the output-gap view that the business cycle corresponds to transitory deviations in economic activity away from a permanent, or trend, level. Then we investigate the extent to which a general model-based approach to estimating trend and cycle for the U.S. economy leads to measures of the business cycle that reflect models versus the data. We find empirical support for a nonlinear time series model that produces a business cycle measure with an asymmetric shape across NBER expansion and recession phases. Specifically, this business cycle measure suggests that recessions are periods of relatively large and negative transitory fluctuations in output. However, several close competitors to the nonlinear model produce business cycle measures of widely differing shapes and magnitudes. Given this model-based uncertainty, we construct a model-averaged measure of the business cycle. This measure also displays an asymmetric shape and is closely related to other measures of economic slack such as the unemployment rate and capacity utilization.
Sensor-driven agenda for intelligent home care of the elderly

a Department of Informatics/CCTC, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal b Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain c Institute of Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal d Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal e Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
INDOOR NAVIGATION FROM POINT CLOUDS: 3D MODELLING AND OBSTACLE DETECTION

In the recent years, indoor modelling and navigation has become a research of interest because many stakeholders require navigation assistance in various application scenarios. The navigational assistance for blind or wheelchair people, building crisis management such as fire protection, augmented reality for gaming, tourism or training emergency assistance units are just some of the direct applications of indoor modelling and navigation. Navigational information is traditionally extracted from 2D drawings or layouts. Real state of indoors, including opening position and geometry for both windows and doors, and the presence of obstacles is commonly ignored. In this work, a real indoor-path planning methodology based on 3D point clouds is developed. The value and originality of the approach consist on considering point clouds not only for reconstructing semantically-rich 3D indoor models, but also for detecting potential obstacles in the route planning and using these for readapting the routes according to the real state of the indoor depictured by the laser scanner. * Corresponding author
Ki67 index is an independent prognostic factor in epithelioid but not in non-epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma: a multicenter study

Background:Estimating the prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains challenging. Thus, the prognostic relevance of Ki67 was studied in MPM.Methods:Ki67 index was determined in a test cohort of 187 cases from three centres. The percentage of Ki67-positive tumour cells was correlated with clinical variables and overall survival (OS). The prognostic power of Ki67 index was compared with other prognostic factors and re-evaluated in an independent cohort (n=98).Results:Patients with Ki67 higher than median (>15%) had significantly (P<0.001) shorter median OS (7.5 months) than those with low Ki67 (19.1 months). After multivariate survival analyses, Ki67 proved to be—beside histology and treatment—an independent prognostic marker in MPM (hazard ratio (HR): 2.1, P<0.001). Interestingly, Ki67 was prognostic exclusively in epithelioid (P<0.001) but not in non-epithelioid subtype. Furthermore, Ki67 index was significantly lower in post-chemotherapy samples when compared with chemo-naive cases. The prognostic power was comparable to other recently published prognostic factors (CRP, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-leukocyte ratio (NLR) and nuclear grading score) and was recapitulated in the validation cohort (P=0.048).Conclusion:This multicentre study demonstrates that Ki67 is an independent and reproducible prognostic factor in epithelioid but not in non-epithelioid MPM and suggests that induction chemotherapy decreases the proliferative capacity of MPM.
HPV testing as an adjunct to cytology in the follow up of women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in combination with cytology in the follow up of treated women.


DESIGN
A prospective study.


SETTING
Three UK centres: Manchester, Aberdeen and London.


POPULATION OR SAMPLE
Women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).


METHODS
Women were recruited at 6 months of follow up, and cytology and HPV testing was carried out at 6 and 12 months. If either or both results were positive, colposcopy and if appropriate, a biopsy and retreatment was performed. At 24 months, cytology alone was performed.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Cytology and histology at 6, 12 and 24 months.


RESULTS
Nine hundred and seventeen women were recruited at 6 months of follow up, with 778 (85%) and 707 (77.1%) being recruited at 12 and 24 months, respectively. At recruitment, 700 women had had high-grade CIN (grades 2 or 3) and 217 had CIN1. At 6 months, 14.6% were HPV positive and 10.7% had non-negative cytology. Of those with negative cytology, 9% were HPV positive. Of the 744 women who were cytology negative/HPV negative at baseline, 3 women with CIN2, 1 with CIN3, 1 with cancer and 1 with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)1 were identified at 24 months. Nine of 10 cases of CIN3/cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) occurred in HPV-positive women. At 23 months, cancer was identified in a woman treated for CGIN with clear resection margins, who had been cytology negative/HPV negative at both 6 and 12 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Women who are cytology negative and HPV negative at 6 months after treatment for CIN can safely be returned to 3-year recall.
Measurement of Layer Thickness and Permittivity Using a New Multilayer Model From GPR Data

The conventional method, i.e., the common middle point (CMP) method, has been used for many years for estimating the depth and permittivity of layered media from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. However, the CMP method results in noticeable errors in thickness and permittivity readings with the increase of antenna separation. To improve the measurement accuracy, a new mathematical model is presented, covering GPR measurement in one- and two-layer cases. In this model, we first check all the possible wave paths when the GPR signal propagates in the multilayer environment. We not only consider the effects from the air-ground interface but also introduce a ray-path-searching process in the GPR measurement using Fermat's shortest path law. The shortest path is then used in the process of GPR data inversion in order to calculate the depth and permittivity of each layer. Finally, we use the transmission-line matrix (TLM) method to simulate the propagation of a GPR signal in the multilayered formation. A time-sequence image that was produced by the finite-difference time-domain method has also been used to explain this presented model. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the measured results, it is found that the estimated layer thickness and permittivity by the new model agree well with the simulated results. It proves that the new model is more accurate and closer to the real measured situation.
Minimizing Execution Costs when Using Globally Distributed Cloud Services

Cloud computing is an emerging technology that allows users to utilize on-demand computation, storage, data and services from around the world. However, Cloud service providers charge users for these services. Specifically, to access data from their globally distributed storage edge servers, providers charge users depending on the user’s location and the amount of data transferred. When deploying data-intensive applications in a Cloud computing environment, optimizing the cost of transferring data to and from these edge servers is a priority, as data play the dominant role in the application’s execution. In this paper, we formulate a non-linear programming model to minimize the data retrieval and execution cost of data-intensive workflows in Clouds. Our model retrieves data from Cloud storage resources such that the amount of data transferred is inversely proportional to the communication cost. We take an example of an ‘intrusion detection’ application workflow, where the data logs are made available from globally distributed Cloud storage servers. We construct the application as a workflow and experiment with Cloud based storage and compute resources. We compare the cost of multiple executions of the workflow given by a solution of our non-linear program against that given by Amazon CloudFront’s ‘nearest’ single data source selection. Our results show a savings of three-quarters of total cost using our model.