LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Vehicle routing problem: models and solutions

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a well known problem in operational research where customers of known demands are supplied by one or several depots. The objective is to find a set of delivery routes satisfying some requirements or constraints and giving minimal total cost. The VRP has drawn enormous interests from many researchers during the last decades because of its vital role in planning of distribution systems and logistics in many sectors such as garbage collection, mail delivery, snow ploughing and task sequencing. The VRP is divided into many types. The important problems are VRP with Time Windows, VRP with Pick-Up and Delivery and Capacitated VRP. Recently many exact methods have been used to solve the VRP such as exact algorithms based on linear programming techniques and guided local search. Besides that, heuristic techniques have received wide interests in researchers’ effort to solve large scale VRPs. Among the recently applied heuristic techniques are genetic algorithm, evolution strategies and neural networks.
Methods of Removing Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater

Methods for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals often involve technologies for reduction of toxicity in order to meet technology-based treatment standards. This article was focused on the recently developed and newly applicable various treatment processes for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Physico-chemical removal processes such as; adsorption on new adsorbents, ion exchange, membrane filtration, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and photocatalysis were discussed. Their advantages and drawbacks in application were evaluated. In the processes of biological treatments microorganisms play a role of settling solids in the solution. Activated sludge, trickling filters, stabilization ponds are widely used for treating industrial wastewater. Bioadsorption is a new biological method and various low cost bioadsorbents (agricultural waste, forest waste, industrial waste, algae etc.) are used for maximum removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioadsorption techniques are eco friendly best solutions for removing heavy metals from wastewater rather than physic-chemical methods. But chemical methods are most suitable treatments for toxic inorganic compounds produced from various industries which cannot removed from any biological and physical techniques. Keywords—heavy metals; removal techniques; bioadsorption; physico-chemical treatments
Design and simulation of printed spiral coil used in wireless power transmission systems for implant medical devices

Printed Spiral Coil (PSC) is a coil antenna for near-field wireless power transmission to the next generation implant medical devices. PSC for implant medical device should be power efficient and low electromagnetic radiation to human tissues. We utilized a physical model of printed spiral coil and applied our algorithm to design PSC operating at 13.56 MHz. Numerical and electromagnetic simulation of power transfer efficiency of PSC in air medium is 77.5% and 71.1%, respectively. The simulation results show that the printed spiral coil which is optimized for air will keep 15.2% power transfer efficiency in human subcutaneous tissues. In addition, the Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR) for this coil antenna in subcutaneous at 13.56 MHz is below 1.6 W/Kg, which suggests this coil is implantable safe based on IEEE C95.1 safety guideline.
Molecular modeling of temperature dependence of solubility parameters for amorphous polymers

A molecular modeling strategy is proposed to describe the temperature (T) dependence of solubility parameter (δ) for the amorphous polymers which exhibit glass-rubber transition behavior. The commercial forcefield "COMPASS" is used to support the atomistic simulations of the polymer. The temperature dependence behavior of δ for the polymer is modeled by running molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at temperatures ranging from 250 up to 650 K. Comparing the MD predicted δ value at 298 K and the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the polymer determined from δ-T curve with the experimental value confirm the accuracy of our method. The MD modeled relationship between δ and T agrees well with the previous theoretical works. We also observe the specific volume (v), cohesive energy (U(coh)), cohesive energy density (E(CED)) and δ shows a similar temperature dependence characteristics and a drastic change around the T(g). Meanwhile, the applications of δ and its temperature dependence property are addressed and discussed.
Results of vertical figure-of-eight tension band suture for finger nail disruptions with fractures of distal phalanx

BACKGROUND
Fingertip injuries involve varying degree of fractures of the distal phalanx and nail bed or nail plate disruptions. The treatment modalities recommended for these injuries include fracture fixation with K-wire and meticulous repair of nail bed after nail removal and later repositioning of nail or stent substitute into the nail fold by various methods. This study was undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome of vertical figure-of-eight tension band suture for finger nail disruptions with fractures of distal phalanx.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A series of 40 patients aged between 4 and 58 years, with 43 fingernail disruptions and fracture of distal phalanges, were treated with vertical figure-of-eight tension band sutures without formal fixation of fracture fragments and the results were reviewed. In this method, the injuries were treated by thoroughly cleaning the wound, reducing the fracture fragments, anatomical replacement of nail plate, and securing it by vertical figure-of-eight tension band suture.


RESULTS
All patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months. The clinical evaluation of the patients was based on radiological fracture union and painless pinch to determine fingertip stability. Every single fracture united and every fingertip was clinically stable at the time of final followup. We also evaluated our results based on visual analogue scale for pain and range of motion of distal interphalangeal joint. Two sutures had to be revised due to over tensioning and subsequent vascular compromise within minutes of repair; however, this did not affect the final outcome.


CONCLUSION
This technique is simple, secure, and easily reproducible. It neither requires formal repair of injured nail bed structures nor fixation of distal phalangeal fracture and results in uncomplicated reformation of nail plate and uneventful healing of distal phalangeal fractures.
Efficacy of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze procedure in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease: a randomized trial.

AIMS
Catheter ablation and surgical Maze procedure are effective in treating atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, there is no study that compares the effect of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) combined with substrate ablation after valvular surgery and the concomitant Maze procedure for the treatment of AF in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of CPVI combined with substrate modification and surgical Maze procedure using Saline-Irrigated Cooled-tip Radiofrequency Ablation (SICTRA) system for the treatment of long-lasting persistent AF in patients with RHD.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Between January 2006 and June 2008, 99 patients with long-lasting persistent AF and RHD were randomly assigned to undergo valvular operation and CPVI combined with substrate modification 6 months after the surgery (Group A, 49 patients) or valvualr operation and concomitant Maze procedure (Group B, 50 patients). The mean follow-up periods were 15 ± 5 and 20 ± 8 months in Groups A and B, respectively. After one procedure, Group B had a significantly higher freedom from artial arrhythmias compared with Group A (82% in Group B vs. 55.2% in Group A, P < 0.001). Fifteen patients in Group A underwent a redo procedure. Six patients in Group B underwent catheter ablation and four were treated successfully. The cumulative rates of sinus rhythm were 71% in Group A and 88% in Group B (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
The concomitant Cox Maze procedure using SICTRA is more effective than subsequent CPVI combined with substrate modification in treating patients with long-lasting persistent AF and RHD.
Flooding and Mental Health: A Systematic Mapping Review

BACKGROUND
Floods are the most common type of global natural disaster. Floods have a negative impact on mental health. Comprehensive evaluation and review of the literature are lacking.


OBJECTIVE
To systematically map and review available scientific evidence on mental health impacts of floods caused by extended periods of heavy rain in river catchments.


METHODS
We performed a systematic mapping review of published scientific literature in five languages for mixed studies on floods and mental health. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched to identify all relevant articles from 1994 to May 2014 (no restrictions).


RESULTS
The electronic search strategy identified 1331 potentially relevant papers. Finally, 83 papers met the inclusion criteria. Four broad areas are identified: i) the main mental health disorders-post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety; ii] the factors associated with mental health among those affected by floods; iii) the narratives associated with flooding, which focuses on the long-term impacts of flooding on mental health as a consequence of the secondary stressors; and iv) the management actions identified. The quantitative and qualitative studies have consistent findings. However, very few studies have used mixed methods to quantify the size of the mental health burden as well as exploration of in-depth narratives. Methodological limitations include control of potential confounders and short-term follow up.


LIMITATIONS
Floods following extreme events were excluded from our review.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the level of exposure to floods has been systematically associated with mental health problems, the paucity of longitudinal studies and lack of confounding controls precludes strong conclusions.


IMPLICATIONS
We recommend that future research in this area include mixed-method studies that are purposefully designed, using more rigorous methods. Studies should also focus on vulnerable groups and include analyses of policy and practical responses.
Performance limitations of passive UHF RFID systems

This paper presents an overview of limitations imposed on the range performance of passive UHF RFID systems by such factors as tag characteristics, propagation environment, and RFID reader parameters
GALDS : A Complete Framework for Designing Multiclock ASICs and SoCs

A Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) system with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling can use the slowest frequency possible to accomplish a task with minimal power consumption. With the mechanism for implementing dynamic voltage scaling at each synchronous domain left up to the designer, our Globally Asynchronous, Locally Dynamic System (GALDS) provides a top-down, system-level means to maximize power reduction in an integrated circuit and facilitate system-on-a-chip (SoC) design. Our solution includes three distinct components: a novel bidirectional asynchronous FIFO to communicate between independently clocked synchronous blocks, an all-digital dynamic clock generator to quickly and glitchlessly switch between frequencies and a digitally controlled oscillator to generate the global fixed frequency clocks required by the all-digital dynamic clock generator. We divided the work amongst us in 3 modules and decided to have our own approach to complete it. Initially we had to understand the concept presented in the paper which was not easy. We had to go through multiple references mentioned at the end of the paper and try to figure out certain things. We also exchanged a couple of emails with one of the authors of the paper. So it took us some time before we actually started writing the VHDL code and simulating the results. As mentioned previously, our aim was to design/implement the GALDS system using VHDL code. The figure 1 above shows the three different modules designed and implemented respectively. The three modules were as follows: 1) FIFO module 2) Local Clock Generator 3) Digitally Controlled Oscillator The report explains the design/implementation of all the three modules further in detail. Objectives: ¾ To provide robust communication between independently clocked blocks, data is transferred through an intermediate asynchronous FIFO stage. ¾ Our FIFO structure takes intro account the transport nature of the application to break down the transport delay, dividing it amongst the different FIFO stages, allowing for higher throughput Introductions:
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 120-hour continuous-infusion hydroxyurea in patients with advanced solid tumors

 A group of 18 patients with advanced cancer were entered on a phase I study of a 120-h continuous intravenous infusion of hydroxyurea. The dose of hydroxyurea was escalated in cohorts of patients from 1 to 2 to 3.2 g/m2 per day. The primary dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia, often accompanied by leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and generalized skin rash. Prophylactic treatment of patients with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine hydrochloride prevented the skin rash, but not the hematopoietic toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of hydroxyurea were studied in all patients. The steady-state concentrations of hydroxyurea were linearly correlated with the dose (R 2 = 0.71, n = 18, P<0.0001). The mean±SE concentrations were 93±16, 230±6 and 302±27 μM at 1, 2 and 3.2 g/m2 per day, respectively. The mean±SE renal and nonrenal clearances of hydroxyurea were 2.14±0.18 and 3.39±0.28 l/h per m2 (n = 16), neither of which correlated with the dose. The concentration of hydroxyurea in plasma decayed monoexponentially with a mean±SE half-life of 3.25±0.18 h (n = 17). The steady-state concentration of hydroxyurea was >200 μM in all nine patients treated at 2 g/m2 per day, a dose which was well tolerated for 5 days. We recommend this dose for phase II trials in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
IEEE 802.11ah: sub-1-GHz license-exempt operation for the internet of things

IEEE 802.11ah Task Group has been developing an amendment to the 802.11 standard to define sub-1-GHz license-exempt operation to support sensors and Internet of Things applications. This article presents an overview of major physical layer and MAC layer features of 802.11ah.
A review of synergistic effect of photocatalysis and ozonation on wastewater treatment

For the treatment of wastewater that contain recalcitrant organic compounds, such as organo-halogens, organic pesticides, surfactants, and colouring matters, wastewater engineers are now required to develop advanced treatment processes. A promising way to perform the mineralization of this type of substance is the application of an advanced oxidation process (AOP). Photocatalytic oxidation and ozonation appear to be the most popular treatment technologies compared with other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as shown by the large amount of information available in the literature. The principal mechanism of AOPs function is the generation of highly reactive free radicals. Consequently, combination of two or more AOPs expectedly enhances free radical generation, which eventually leads to higher oxidation rates. The use of combine photocatalysis and ozonation is an attractive route because of the enhancement of the performance for both agents by means of the hydroxyl radical generation, a powerful oxidant agent that can oxidize completely the organic matter present in the aqueous system. The scope of this paper is to review recently published work in the field of integrated photocatalysis and ozonation on wastewater treatment. In this review the chemical effects of various variables on the rate of degradation of different pollutants are discussed. The mechanism and kinetics has also been reported. It can be concluded that photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of ozone is a process that is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the well-known photocatalytic oxidation with oxygen and the ozonation without photocatalyst. The reason for the higher oxidation rate is probably a photocatalytic induced decay of ozone, initiated by the combination of titanium dioxide and UV-A radiation. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Continuous Cold-start Problem in e-Commerce Recommender Systems

Many e-commerce websites use recommender systems to recommend items to users. When a user or item is new, the system may fail because not enough information is available on this user or item. Various solutions to this ‘cold-start problem’ have been proposed in the literature. However, many real-life e-commerce applications suffer from an aggravated, recurring version of cold-start even for known users or items, since many users visit the website rarely, change their interests over time, or exhibit different personas. This paper exposes the Continuous Cold Start (CoCoS) problem and its consequences for contentand context-based recommendation from the viewpoint of typical e-commerce applications, illustrated with examples from a major travel recommendation website, Booking.com. Terms: CoCoS: continuous cold start
PET/CT for differentiating between tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis

OBJECTIVES
Tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) mimics peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). We aimed to investigate the discriminative use of PET/CT findings in the parietal peritoneum.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Parietal peritoneal PET/CT findings from 76 patients with TBP (n = 25) and PC (n = 51) were retrospectively reviewed. The lesion locations were noted as right subdiaphragmatic, left subdiaphragmatic, right paracolic gutters, left paracolic gutters, and pelvic regions. The distribution characteristic consisted of a dominant distribution in the pelvic and/or right subdiaphragmatic region (susceptible area for peritoneal implantation, SAPI) (SAPI distribution), a dominant distribution in the remaining regions (less-susceptible area for peritoneal implantation, LSAPI) (LSAPI distribution), or a uniform distribution. PET morphological patterns were classified as F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake in a long beaded line (string-of-beads F-FDG uptake) or in a cluster (clustered F-FDG uptake) or focal F-FDG uptake. CT patterns included smooth uniform thickening, irregular thickening, or nodules.


RESULTS
More common findings in the parietal peritoneum corresponding to TBP as opposed to PC were (a) ≥4 involved regions (80.0% vs 19.6%), (b) uniform distribution (72.0% vs 5.9%), (c) string-of-beads F-FDG uptake (76.0% vs 7.8%), and (d) smooth uniform thickening (60.0% vs 7.8%) (all P < 0.001), whereas more frequent findings in PC compared with TBP were (a) SAPI distribution (78.4% vs 28.0%), (b) clustered F-FDG uptake (56.9% vs 20.0%), (c) focal F-FDG uptake (21.6% vs 4.0%), (d) irregular thickening (51.0% vs 12.0%), and (e) nodules (21.6% vs 4.0%) (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P > 0.05, P < 0.05, P > 0.05, respectively).


CONCLUSION
Our data show that PET/CT findings in the parietal peritoneum are useful for differentiating between TBP and PC.
Maximum Tolerated Dose Evaluation of the AMPA Modulator Org 26576 in Healthy Volunteers and Depressed Patients

BACKGROUND
A key challenge to dose selection in early central nervous system (CNS) clinical drug development is that patient tolerability profiles often differ from those of healthy volunteers (HVs), yet HVs are the modal population for determining doses to be investigated in phase II trials. Without clear tolerability data from the target patient population, first efficacy trials may include doses that are either too high or too low, creating undue risk for study participants and the development program overall. Bridging trials address this challenge by carefully investigating safety and tolerability in the target population prior to full-scale proof-of-concept trials.


OBJECTIVE
Org 26576 is an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor positive allosteric modulator that acts by modulating ionotropic AMPA-type glutamate receptors to enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission. In preparation for phase II efficacy trials in major depressive disorder (MDD), two separate phase I trials were conducted to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in HVs and in the target patient population.


METHODS
Both trials were randomized and placebo controlled, and included multiple rising-dose cohorts (HV range 100-400 mg bid; MDD range 100-600 mg bid). HVs (n = 36) and patients with MDD (n = 54) were dosed under similarly controlled conditions in an inpatient facility, HVs for up to 14 days and MDD patients for up to 28 days. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics were assessed frequently.


RESULTS
Despite comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in depressed patients was 450 mg bid, twice the MTD established in HVs. No clinically relevant safety issues associated with Org 26576 were noted.


CONCLUSION
This article presents safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data from two different populations examined under similar dosing conditions. The important implications of such bridging work in phase II dose selection are discussed, as are study design and data interpretation challenges.
Pigmentation of the Fungiform Papillae of the Tongue: A Report of 2 Cases

8. Koizumi H, Kumakiri M, Ishizuka M, Ohkawara A, Okabe S. Leukaemia cutis in acute myelomonocytic leukaemia: infiltration of minor traumas and scars. J Dermatol. 1991;18:281--5. 9. Kristensen IB, Moller H, Kjaershov MW, Yderstraede K, Moller MB, Bergmann OJ. Myeloid sarcoma developing in pre-existing pyoderma gangrenoso. Acta Derm Venereol. 2009;89:175--7. 0. Guinovart RM, Carrascosa JM, Ferrándiz C. Leucemia cutis desarrollada en la zona de inoculación de una dosis de recuerdo de la vacuna del tétanos. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010;101:727--9. 1. Youssef AH, Zanetto U, Kaur MR, Chan SY. Granulocytic sarcoma (leukaemia cutis) in association with basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 2005;154:201--2.
Analyze, Sense, Preprocess, Predict, Implement, and Deploy (ASPPID): An incremental methodology based on data analytics for cost-efficiently monitoring the industry 4.0

Abstract Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing decision making processes within the manufacturing industry. Among the technological portfolio enabling this revolution, the late literature has capitalized on the potential of data analytics for improving the production cycle at different stages, from resource provisioning to planning, delivery and storage. However, such a promising role of data analytics has been so far explored without a proper, quantitative inspection of the cost-improvement trade-off, nor has the process of acquiring sensors and extracting valuable information from their captured data formalized in a series of methodological steps. This paper introduces the Analyze, Sense, Preprocess, Predict, Implement and Deploy (ASPPID) methodology, an iterative decision workflow that spans from the acquisition of sensing equipment to the quantitative assessment of the contribution of their captured data to enhance the production step under focus. By placing the data scientist at the core of the workflow, this methodology helps improvement teams make informed decisions about which parts of the process need to be sensed, and how to exploit this information towards a verifiable improvement of the production cycle. The implementation of this methodology is exemplified in a real use case within the automotive industry, where the detection of defects in an annealing process can be modeled as a classification problem over a highly imbalanced dataset. Results obtained after applying the proposed ASPPID methodology show that the scrap ratio is reduced by sensing the correct part of the process at minimal investment costs, thus highlighting the crucial role of the data scientist in the management team of manufacturing plants.