LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Speciation in the dark: diversification and biogeography of the deep‐sea gastropod genus Scaphander in the Atlantic Ocean

AIM
The aim of this work was to improve understanding about the mode, geography and tempo of diversification in deep-sea organisms, using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the heterobranch gastropod genus Scaphander.


LOCATION
Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) oceans.


METHODS
Two mitochondrial gene markers (COI and 16S) and one nuclear ribosomal gene (28S) from six Atlantic species of Scaphander, and four IWP species were used to generate a multilocus phylogenetic hypothesis using uncorrelated relaxed-clock Bayesian methods implemented in beast and calibrated with the first occurrence of Scaphander in the fossil record (58.7-55.8 Ma).


RESULTS
Two main clades were supported: clade A, with sister relationships between species and subclades from the Atlantic and IWP; and clade B, with two western Atlantic sister species. Our estimates indicate that the two earliest divergences in clade A occurred between the middle Eocene and late Miocene and the most recent speciation occurred within the middle Miocene to Pleistocene. The divergence between the two western Atlantic species in clade B was estimated at late Oligocene-Pliocene.


MAIN CONCLUSIONS
The prevailing mode of speciation in Scaphander was allopatric, but one possible case of sympatric speciation was detected between two western Atlantic species. Sister relationships between IWP and Atlantic lineages suggest the occurrence both of vicariance events caused by the closure of the Tethyan Seaway and of dispersal between the two ocean basins, probably around South Africa during episodic disruptions of the deep-sea regional current system caused by glacial-interglacial cycles. Cladogenetic estimates do not support comparatively older diversification of deep-sea faunas, but corroborate the hypothesis of a pulse of diversification centred in the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. Amphi-Atlantic species were found to occur at deeper depths (bathyal-abyssal) and we hypothesize that trans-Atlantic connectivity is maintained by dispersal between neighbouring reproductive populations inhabiting the abyssal sea floor and by dispersal across the shelf and slope of Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
Temporal information extraction from clinical text

In this paper, we present a method for temporal relation extraction from clinical narratives in French and in English. We experiment on two comparable corpora, the MERLOT corpus for French and the THYME corpus for English, and show that a common approach can be used for both languages.
Hierarchical LSTMs with Adaptive Attention for Visual Captioning

Recent progress has been made in using attention based encoder-decoder framework for image and video captioning. Most existing decoders apply the attention mechanism to every generated word including both visual words (e.g., "gun" and "shooting") and non-visual words (e.g. "the", "a"). However, these non-visual words can be easily predicted using natural language model without considering visual signals or attention. Imposing attention mechanism on non-visual words could mislead and decrease the overall performance of visual captioning. Furthermore, the hierarchy of LSTMs enables more complex representation of visual data, capturing information at different scales. Considering these issues, we propose a hierarchical LSTM with adaptive attention (hLSTMat) approach for image and video captioning. Specifically, the proposed framework utilizes the spatial or temporal attention for selecting specific regions or frames to predict the related words, while the adaptive attention is for deciding whether to depend on the visual information or the language context information. Also, a hierarchical LSTMs is designed to simultaneously consider both low-level visual information and high-level language context information to support the caption generation. We design the hLSTMat model as a general framework, and we firstly instantiate it for the task of video captioning. Then, we further instantiate our hLSTMarefine it and apply it to the imioning task. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we test our method on both video and image captioning tasks. Experimental results show that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance for most of the evaluation metrics on both tasks. The effect of important components is also well exploited in the ablation study.
Requirement Gathering for small Projects using Agile Methods

Gathering, understanding and managing requirements is a key factor to the success of a software development effort. Requirement engineering is a critical task in all development methods including the agile development method. There are several requirement techniques available for requirement gathering which can be
Evolutionary-based feature selection approaches with new criteria for data mining: A case study of credit approval data

In this paper, the feature selection problem was formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, and new criteria were proposed to fulfill the goal. Foremost, data were pre-processed with missing value replacement scheme, re-sampling procedure, data type transformation procedure, and min-max normalization procedure. After that a wide variety of classifiers and feature selection methods were conducted and evaluated. Finally, the paper presented comprehensive experiments to show the relative performance of the classification tasks. The experimental results revealed the success of proposed methods in credit approval data. In addition, the numeric results also provide guides in selection of feature selection methods and classifiers in the knowledge discovery process. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Children at Risk for Suicide Attempt and Attempt-related Injuries: Findings from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

PURPOSE
The current study examines the associations between a range of risk factors and reports of suicide attempts and attempts requiring medical care in a nationally representative study of high school students. The goal is to examine sex differences in the risk factors associated with suicide attempts and attempt-related injuries requiring treatment by a health-care provider.


METHODS
We used data from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey for students in grades 9-12 to assess the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behavior, as well as differences in these for boys and girls. Cross-sectional multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed to determine the most important risk factors for suicide attempts and for suicide attempts requiring medical care for the sample overall and also stratified for boys and for girls.


RESULTS
Overall, 6.9% of adolescents attempted suicide (9.3% of girls versus 4.6% of boys). Girls were more likely than boys to report a suicide attempt in the past year (Adj.OR=2.89). Among girls, sadness (Adj.OR=5.74), weapon carrying (Adj.OR=1.48), dating violence (Adj.OR=1.60), forced sex (Adj.OR=1.72), and huffing glue (Adj.OR=2.04) were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Among boys, sadness (Adj.OR=10.96), weapon carrying (Adj.OR=1.66), forced sex (Adj.OR=2.60), huffing glue (OR=1.63), hard drug use (Adj.OR=2.18), and sports involvement (Adj.OR=1.52) were significantly associated with suicide attempts.


CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrate similarities and differences in the modifiable risk factors that increase risk for suicide attempts among boys and girls. In terms of the differences between boys and girls, hard drug use and sports involvement may be important factors for suicide-prevention strategies directed specifically towards boys, while dating violence victimization may be an important risk factor to address for girls. Overall, these findings can help guide prevention, clinical practice, and intervention strategies to prevent suicidal behaviors among adolescents.
Preferred skin color reproduction based on adaptive affine transform

This work models a preferred skin color area with an ellipse according to the average luminance of skin and proposes an effective method for skin color reproduction by introducing the affine transform between the skin color ellipse and the preferred skin color ellipse.
Co-author Relationship Prediction in Heterogeneous Bibliographic Networks

The problem of predicting links or interactions between objects in a network, is an important task in network analysis. Along this line, link prediction between co-authors in a co-author network is a frequently studied problem. In most of these studies, authors are considered in a homogeneous network, \i.e., only one type of objects(author type) and one type of links (co-authorship) exist in the network. However, in a real bibliographic network, there are multiple types of objects (\e.g., venues, topics, papers) and multiple types of links among these objects. In this paper, we study the problem of co-author relationship prediction in the heterogeneous bibliographic network, and a new methodology called\emph{Path Predict}, \i.e., meta path-based relationship prediction model, is proposed to solve this problem. First, meta path-based topological features are systematically extracted from the network. Then, a supervised model is used to learn the best weights associated with different topological features in deciding the co-author relationships. We present experiments on a real bibliographic network, the DBLP network, which show that metapath-based heterogeneous topological features can generate more accurate prediction results as compared to homogeneous topological features. In addition, the level of significance of each topological feature can be learned from the model, which is helpful in understanding the mechanism behind the relationship building.
SU 2 : an Open-Source Suite for Multiphysics Simulation and Design

Economon, T., et al., "SU2: An Open-Source Suite for Multi-Physics Simulation and Design," AIAA Journal, 2016. doi:10.2514/1.J053813. Palacios, F., et al., “Stanford University Unstructured (SU2 ): Open-Source Analysis and Design Technology for Turbulent Flows,” AIAA Paper 2014-0243, 2014. Palacios, F., et al., , “Stanford University Unstructured (SU2): An openSource Integrated Computational Environment for Multi-Physics Simulation and Design,” AIAA Paper 2013-0287, 2013. Computational analysis tools have revolutionized the way we design aerospace systems, but most established codes are proprietary, unavailable, or prohibitively expensive for many users. The SU2 team is changing this, making computational analysis and design freely available as open-source software and involving everyone in its creation and development. Introduction
Biomimetic Antenna Arrays Based on the Directional Hearing Mechanism of the Parasitoid Fly Ormia Ochracea

We present a thorough examination of two-element antenna arrays that mimic the sense of directional hearing of the parasitoid fly Ormia Ochracea and examine the design tradeoffs of such arrays. Recently, it was demonstrated that these antenna arrays demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to the direction of incidence of an electromagnetic wave, compared to regular arrays occupying the same aperture. This, however, comes at the expense of sacrificing the available power at the outputs of such arrays. In this paper, we present a model for these two-element biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs) that takes the mutual coupling effects into account. Using this model, we examine the tradeoffs that exist between the phase enhancement, which can be achieved from these arrays, and their output power levels. We demonstrate that for any given desired phase enhancement factor, an optimum BMAA design exists that maximizes the output power level of the array. We also show that strong mutual coupling between the two antennas can be exploited to enhance the output power of the array. A method for designing practical two-element BMAAs is also presented along with simulation and measurement results of a fabricated prototype.
Categories without Uniqueness of cod and dom

where ◦o1,o2,o3 : 〈o2, o3〉×〈o1, o2〉 → 〈o1, o3〉 that satisfies usual conditions (associativity and the existence of the identities). This approach is closer to the way in which categories are presented in homological algebra (e.g. [1], pp.58-59). We do not assume that 〈o1, o2〉’s are mutually disjoint. If f is simultaneously a morphism from o1 to o2 and o ′ 1 to o2 (o1 6= o ′ 1) than different compositions are used (◦o1,o2,o3 or ◦o′ 1 ,o2,o3 ) to compose it with a morphism g from o2 to o3. The operation g · f has actually six arguments (two visible and four hidden: three objects and the category). We introduce some simple properties of categories. Perhaps more than necessary. It is partially caused by the formalization. The functional categories are characterized by the following properties:
Norwegian marine ecosystems – are northern ones more vulnerable to pollution from oil than southern ones?

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Practice-based preceptoral residency training in family practice.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Highly specific accreditation requirements have led to a uniform approach in US family practice continuity training. In this paper, we describe an experiment in practice-based preceptoral continuity training.


METHODS
We assessed the impact of assigning a resident to a private faculty practice for the second- and third-year levels of family practice continuity training. Data analysis included comparisons of practice demographics, clinical content, training costs, and resident assessment of training quality.


RESULTS
The preceptoral resident practice better approximated community demographic patterns than did the established residency practice. However, the preceptoral resident practice had relatively fewer visits for hypertension and diabetes mellitus than did the established residency, preceptoral site faculty, and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey practices. Resident training at the preceptoral site resulted in a positive training expense differential of $69,300 calculated on an annual per third-year resident basis. The preceptoral resident expressed high levels of satisfaction with the quality of family practice center training.


CONCLUSIONS
Practice-based preceptoral continuity training in family practice appears feasible in terms of clinical content exposure and may offer substantial financial advantages. Important questions remain, particularly about the quality of teaching and supervision in a preceptoral training model.
The impact of extended release dopamine agonists on prescribing patterns for therapy of early Parkinson’s disease: an observational study

BACKGROUND
Dopamine agonists (DA) are the first-choice drug for treatment of the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) in subjects younger than 70 years. Recently, a number of third generation DA have been marketed, including transdermal patch of rotigotine and extended release oral formulation of ropinirole and pramipexole.We investigated the impact of third generation DA on management of the early stage of PD in an outpatient service for Movement Disorders in Italy.


METHODS
Two 12-month observation periods were selected (January - December, 2007, and January - December, 2011) as representative for prescription of immediate and extended release formulations of DA respectively. Within each period, PD patients were divided into subgroups according to age (<65 years; 65-75 years; >75 years) or functional requirement (high; moderate; low). For each period, the number of subjects receiving monotherapy with DA, monotherapy with levodopa (LD), or combined DA/LD therapy and the relative doses were calculated. The severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms was calculated by means of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) score. The frequency and severity of side-effects leading to discontinuation or reduction of DA drugs at each time point were also calculated.


RESULTS
We found a significant reduction of daily LD dose (both as mono- and combined therapy) between the second and the first observation period. There was also a significant increase of monotherapy with DA and corresponding reduction of monotherapy with LD in patients aged 65-75 years, as well as in PD patients with moderate functional requirements. A significant reduction of frequency of side-effects was measured with extended release DA as compared to immediate release formulations. There were no significant differences of the UPDRS-III scores between the 2 observation periods in any subgroup.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that extended release DA might optimize therapeutic management of the early stages of PD even in patients older than 70 years of age.
Short-Term Load Forecasting With Exponentially Weighted Methods

Short-term load forecasts are needed for the efficient management of power systems. Although weather-based modeling is common, univariate models can be useful when the lead time of interest is less than one day. A class of univariate methods that has performed well with intraday data is exponential smoothing. This paper considers five recently developed exponentially weighted methods that have not previously been used for load forecasting. These methods include several exponential smoothing formulations, as well as methods using discount weighted regression, cubic splines, and singular value decomposition (SVD). In addition, this paper presents a new SVD-based exponential smoothing formulation. Using British and French half-hourly load data, these methods are compared for point forecasting up to one day ahead. Although the new SVD-based approach showed some potential, the best performing method was a previously developed exponential smoothing method. A second empirical study showed the better of the univariate methods outperforming a weather-based method up to about five hours ahead, with a combination of these methods producing the best results overall.
Physical properties of MTA Fillapex sealer.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare several physicochemical properties including working and setting times, flow, solubility, and water absorption of a recent calcium silicate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany).


METHODS
The materials were handled following the manufacturer's instructions. The working time and flow were tested according to ISO 6876:2001 and the setting time according to American Society for Testing and Materials C266. For solubility and water absorption tests, the materials were placed into polyvinyl chloride molds (8 × 1.6 mm). The samples (n = 10 for each material and test) were placed in a cylindrical polystyrene-sealed container with 20 mL deionized water at 37°C. At 1, 7, 14, and 28 days, the samples were removed from the solutions and blotted dry for solubility and water absorption tests. The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey test (P < .05).


RESULTS
MTA Fillapex showed the lowest values of flow, working and setting times, solubility, and water absorption (P < .05). The solubility and water absorption increased significantly over time for both materials in a 1- to 28-day period (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
MTA Fillapex showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer.
The U.S. software industry : an analysis and interpretative history

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Real-time big data analytics: Applications and challenges

Timely analytics over big data is a key factor for success in many business and service domains. Some examples of these domains include finance, transportation, energy, security, military, and emergency response. Several big data applications in these domains rely on fast and timely analytics based on available data to make quality decisions. This paper surveys real-time big data analytics applications and their technical challenges.
2.2 A scalable 28GHz coupled-PLL in 65nm CMOS with single-wire synchronization for large-scale 5G mm-wave arrays

Demonstrations of mm-Wave arrays with >50 elements in silicon has led to an interest in large-scale mm-Wave MIMO arrays for 5G networks, which promise substantial improvements in network capacity [1,2]. Practical considerations result in such arrays being developed with a tiled approach, where N unit cells with M elements each are tiled to achieve large MIMO/phased arrays with NM elements [2]. Achieving stringent phase-noise specifications and scalable LO distribution to maintain phase coherence across different unit cell ICs/PCBs are a critical challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate a scalable, single-wire-synchronization architecture and circuits for mm-Wave arrays that preserve the simplicity of daisy-chained LO distribution, compensate for phase offset due to interconnects, and provide phase-noise improvement with increasing number of PLLs [3]. Measurements on a scalable 28GHz prototype demonstrate a 21% improvement in rms jitter and a 3.4dB improvement in phase noise at 10MHz offset when coupling 28GHz PLLs across three different ICs.
Multimodal biometrics for enhanced mobile device security

Fusing information from multiple biometric traits enhances authentication in mobile devices.
Conventional topical delivery systems.

Effective dermatologic therapy depends on both the active drug and the properties of the delivery system. A topical delivery system, or vehicle, is defined as the substance that carries a specific drug into contact with and through the skin. The challenge to topical drug delivery is the transport across the skin barrier. Depending on the delivery system, penetration of the active drug can be quite variable and this is largely due to the physiochemical properties of the constituent components of that vehicle. Selection of the appropriate drug delivery system will depend on the active, anatomic site of disease and patient preferences.