LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
First Workshop on Knowledge Base Construction, Mining and Reasoning

1. Motivation and Goals. e success of data mining and search technologies is largely aributed to the ecient and eective analysis of structured data. e construction of a well-structured, machine-actionable database from raw data sources is oen the premise of consequent applications. Meanwhile, the ability of mining and reasoning over such constructed databases is at the core of powering various downstream applications on web and mobile devices. Recently, we have witnessed a signicant amount of interests in building large-scale knowledge bases (KBs) from massive, unstructured data sources (e.g., Wikipedia-based methods such as DBpedia [9], YAGO [19], Wikidata [22], automated systems like Snowball [1], KnowItAll [5], NELL [4] and DeepDive [15], and opendomain approaches like Open IE [2] and Universal Schema [14]); as well as mining and reasoning over such knowledge bases to empower a wide variety of intelligent services, including question answering [6], recommender systems [3] and semantic search [8]. Automated construction, mining and reasoning of the knowledge bases have become possible as research advances in many related areas such as information extraction, natural language processing, data mining, search, machine learning, databases and data integration. However, there are still substantial scientic and engineering challenges in advancing and integrating such relevant methodologies. e goal of this proposed workshop is to gather together leading experts from industry and academia to share their visions about the eld, discuss latest research results, and exchange exciting ideas. With a focus on invited talks and position papers, the workshop aims to provide a vivid forum of discussion about knowledge base-related research. 2. Relevance to WSDM. Knowledge base construction, mining and reasoning is closely related to a wide variety of applications in WSDM, including web search, question answering, and recommender systems. Building a high-quality knowledge base from
What we are watching—five top global infectious disease threats, 2012: a perspective from CDC’s Global Disease Detection Operations Center

Disease outbreaks of international public health importance continue to occur regularly; detecting and tracking significant new public health threats in countries that cannot or might not report such events to the global health community is a challenge. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Global Disease Detection (GDD) Operations Center, established in early 2007, monitors infectious and non-infectious public health events to identify new or unexplained global public health threats and better position CDC to respond, if public health assistance is requested or required. At any one time, the GDD Operations Center actively monitors approximately 30-40 such public health threats; here we provide our perspective on five of the top global infectious disease threats that we were watching in 2012: 1 avian influenza A (H5N1), 2 cholera, 3 wild poliovirus, 4 enterovirus-71, and 5 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis11†Current address: Division of Integrated Biosurveillance, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, US Department of Defense, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Voiding Function

It is accepted that pelvic organ prolapse impairs voiding, in particular as regards the anterior vaginal wall. The influence of central and posterior prolapse is more controversial. Mechanical effects, i.e. urethral distortion and compression, have been advanced as causative mechanisms. This study attempts to further elucidate the effect of prolapse on voiding. We investigated 228 patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction and/or prolapse using independent flowmetry, clinical and ICS prolapse assessment and translabial ultrasound. As expected, age (P<0.001), previous hysterectomy (P= 0.002) and/or incontinence surgery (P<0.001) negatively influenced flow. As regards prolapse, only enterocele had a consistently negative effect on flow (P<0.001 for clinical staging, P= 0.002 for ICS assessment, P= 0.005 for ultrasound imaging). The relationship between anterior vaginal wall prolapse and voiding was complex: funneling and opening of the retrovesical angle on ultrasound was associated with improved voiding (P<0.001), but a cystocele with intact retrovesical angle had the opposite effect (P<0.001).
Understanding the motives for food choice in Western Balkan Countries

Substantial empirical evidence exists regarding the importance of different factors underlying food choice in Western Europe. However, research results on eating habits and food choice in the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs) remain scarce. A Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), an instrument that measures the reported importance of nine factors underlying food choice, was administered to a representative sample of 3085 adult respondents in six WBCs. The most important factors reported are sensory appeal, purchase convenience, and health and natural content; the least important are ethical concern and familiarity. The ranking of food choice motives across WBCs was strikingly similar. Factor analysis revealed eight factors compared to nine in the original FCQ model: health and natural content scales loaded onto one factor as did familiarity and ethical concern; the convenience scale items generated two factors, one related to purchase convenience and the other to preparation convenience. Groups of consumers with similar motivational profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Each cluster has distinct food purchasing behavior and socio-economic characteristics, for which appropriate public health communication messages can be drawn.
Personality, emotional intelligence and work preferences in software engineering: An empirical study

Objective: Various studies on personality in SE have found large, small or no effects and there is no consensus on the importance of psychometric measurements in SE. There is also a lack of studies employing other psychometric instruments or using larger datasets. We aim to evaluate our results in a larger sample, with software engineers in an earlier state of their career, using advanced statistics.
It ain't what you do, it's the way that you do it: a qualitative study of advice for young cannabis users.

INTRODUCTION
Advice is a widely recommended and practised intervention with young drug users. Study of precisely how advice is given and received in any setting has, however, been limited.


DESIGN AND METHODS
We qualitatively analysed 106 audio-recordings of advice sessions on cannabis use for young people within a randomised trial. Inductive data analysis was guided by a focus on practitioner behaviour which served to engage the active participation of the young drug user in the session.


RESULTS
A cluster of 'Information Management' activities was identified together with an 'Interactive Orientation' evident in a series of specific behaviours. Participants were most successfully engaged when both were combined, understood here as 'Personalised Advice-giving'.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
These components identified in this exploratory study might assist further research in rectifying the absence of a solid empirical basis for effective practice in advice giving with young drug users and more widely.
Do Depositors Respond to Bank Risks as Expected? Evidence from Japanese Financial Institutions in the Banking Crisis

This study analyzes a panel of nearly 800 deposit-taking institutions in Japan during the period from March 1992 to March 2003. We are concerned with two questions that are relevant to the design of a new regulatory framework for Japanese banking: 1) whether depositors respond to bank risks as standard theories expect, and, if they do, 2) whether the responsiveness is significant enough to discipline deposit-taking institutions. The empirical results obtained in this paper clearly show that Japanese depositors in the 1990s responded to the risks of financial institutions as expected: riskier institutions attract smaller amounts of deposits and are required to pay higher deposit rate. Moreover, the observed risk sensitivities are larger for international bank depositors and smaller for cooperative depositors, and continued to increase until a setback at March 2003. These findings were generally in line with the standard theory predictions. They also indicate that Japanese depositors have a disciplinary nature, and that the discipline is affected by changes in regulatory frameworks, especially those of deposit insurance. It is, therefore, important for policy-makers to design financial systems (and safety nets) so as to make the best use of the depositor discipline. Key words: depositor discipline, banking crisis, financial institution JEL Classification: G21, G32
Outcomes and perception of lung surgery with implementation of a patient video education module: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND
Although surgeons are constantly making efforts to improve efficiency of care, it is important to also optimize the patients' understanding and satisfaction with their surgical experience. We investigated the effect of a preoperative educational video on patient outcomes and perception of surgery.


STUDY DESIGN
An educational video was developed outlining preoperative, operative, and postoperative expectations for patients undergoing pulmonary resection. A prospective study was conducted with 150 patients undergoing surgery with routine preoperative discussion (control group, January 2008 to June 2009) and 150 patients who were provided a supplemental video module (video or study group, September 2009 to October 2010) in addition to routine discussion. Demographics and outcomes data were recorded. Patients completed a pain survey (McGill Questionnaire) and a standardized patient satisfaction survey at discharge and within 1 month of operation.


RESULTS
The groups were similar in sex, age, comorbidities, and forced expiratory volume, 1 second, % predicted. Length of hospital stay (5.19 ± 7.4 days vs 4.31 ± 4.3 days; p = 0.2) and hospital readmission rates (12 of 134 [9%] vs 5 of 103 [4.9%]; p = 0.3) were similar for the 2 groups. At discharge, patients in the study group reported less pain at rest (0.98 ± 0.09) vs controls (1.39 ± 0.11) (p = 0.01) with no difference in pain with lifting or coughing. Patients in the study group reported better overall satisfaction with their operation (2.14 ± 0.07 vs 1.85 ± 0.07; p = 0.02), believed they were better prepared (2.01 ± 0.07 vs 1.70 ± 0.06; p = 0.006), and reported less anxiety about the surgical experience (2.79 ± 0.10 vs 2.24 ± 0.09; p = 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a pulmonary resection education module improves patient preparedness, relieves anxiety, and improves pain perception. Additional development and dissemination of a comprehensive education program can improve patients' experience with lung surgery and impact outcomes.
Endovascular occlusion of aneurysms using a new bioactive coil: a matched pair analysis with bare platinum coils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To assess safety and efficacy data of a new bioactive coil (Cerecyte) which is loaded with polyglycolic acid on the inside of the coil.


METHODS
Fifty-four patients harboring 55 aneurysms were treated with Cerecyte coils. These aneurysms were matched in localization and size with aneurysms treated with bare platinum coils.


RESULTS
Periprocedural complications and handling did not differ between both groups. Initial aneurysm occlusion was comparable in both treatment groups. At 6 months angiographic follow-up, the aneurysms occluded with Cerecyte coils had a higher chance for complete occlusion (P=0.045) and tended to a lower retreatment rate (P=0.056).


CONCLUSIONS
Cerecyte coils are as safe as bare platinum coils in the endovascular occlusion of aneurysms. This matched pair analysis indicates a higher occlusion rate of aneurysms occluded with Cerecyte coils.
How to diagnose plantaris tendon involvement in midportion Achilles tendinopathy - clinical and imaging findings

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if clinical assessment, Ultrasound + Colour Doppler (US + CD) and Ultrasound Tissue Characterisation (UTC) can be useful in detecting plantaris tendon involvement in patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy.


METHODS
Twenty-three tendons in 18 patients (14 men, mean age: 37 years and 4 women: 44 years) (5 patients with bilateral tendons) with midportion Achilles tendinopathy were surgically treated with a scraping procedure and plantaris tendon removal. For all tendons, clinical assessment, Ultrasound + Colour Doppler (US + CD) examination and Ultrasound Tissue Characterisation (UTC) were performed.


RESULTS
At surgery, all 23 cases had a plantaris tendon located close to the medial side of the Achilles tendon. There was vascularised fat tissue in the interface between the Achilles and plantaris tendons. Clinical assessment revealed localised medial activity-related pain in 20/23 tendons and focal medial tendon tenderness in 20/23 tendons. For US + CD, 20/23 tendons had a tendon-like structure interpreted to be the plantaris tendon and localised high blood flow in close relation to the medial side of the Achilles. For UTC, 19/23 tendons had disorganised (type 3 and 4) echopixels located only in the medial part of the Achilles tendon indicating possible plantaris tendon involvement.


CONCLUSIONS
US + CD directly, and clinical assessment indirectly, can detect a close by located plantaris tendon in a high proportion of patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy. UTC could complement US + CD and clinical assessment by demonstrating disorganised focal medial Achilles tendon structure indicative of possible plantaris involvement.
Enhancing Democracy Through Legislative Redistricting

e demonstrate the surprising benefits of legislative redistricting (including partisan gerrymandering) for American representative democracy. In so doing, our analysis resolves two long-standing controversies in American politics. First, whereas some w scholars believe that redistricting reduces electoral responsiveness by protecting incumbents, others, that the relationship is spurious, we demonstrate that both sides are wrong: redistricting increases responsiveness. Second, while some researchers believe that gerrymandering dramatically increases partisan bias and others deny this effect, we show both sides are in a sense correct. Gerrymandering biases electoral systems in favor of the party that controls the redistricting as compared to what would have happened if the other party controlled it, but any type of redistricting reduces partisan bias as compared to an electoral system without redistricting. Incorrect conclusions in both literatures resulted from misjudging the enormous uncertainties present during redistricting periods, making simplified assumptions about the redistricters' goals, and using inferior statistical methods.
Public awareness of blood donation in Central Saudi Arabia

INTRODUCTION
In Saudi Arabia, voluntary donors are the only source of blood donation. The aim of this study was to assess the level of public knowledge and attitude toward blood donation in Saudi Arabia.


METHODS
Using a previously validated questionnaire that comprises 38 questions to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and motivations towards blood donation, 469 Saudi adults who attended different shopping malls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were surveyed. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of blood donation, with the significance set at P<0.05.


RESULTS
Approximately half of all subjects (53.3%) reported that they had previously donated blood, 39% of whom had donated more than once. The knowledge percentage mean score was 58.07%, denoting a poor level of knowledge, with only 11.9% reporting a good level of knowledge. The attitude percentage mean score towards donation was 75.45%, reflecting a neutral attitude towards donating blood, with 31.6% reporting a positive attitude. Donation was significantly more prevalent among males than females (66% versus 13.3%; P<0.001). After adjustment for confounders, a higher knowledge score (t=2.59; P=0.01), a higher attitude score (t=3.26; P=0.001), and male sex (t=10.45; P<0.001) were significant predictors of blood donation. An inability to reach the blood donation centers and a fear of anemia were the main reasons for females not donating blood (49.9% and 35.7%, respectively), whereas a lack of time was the main reason for males (59.5%).


CONCLUSION
Prevalence of blood donation was less than satisfactory among the Saudi public, probably due to misconceptions, poor knowledge, and unfavorable attitude to donation. Educational programs are necessary to increase the level of knowledge and improve the attitude of the Saudi public toward blood donation. Providing mobile blood collection units nearer to individuals' places of work to reduce their time costs of donating is a necessity.
A dual process approach to understanding prejudice toward Americans in Lebanon: An extension to intergroup threat perceptions and emotions

Using a stratified random sampling procedure, we interviewed 200 residents of Beirut, Lebanon and surrounding areas in order to test predictions of a dual process model of prejudice. We examined the role of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) in predicting prejudice toward Americans, mediating the relationships between personality dimensions and prejudice, and predicting intergroup emotions indirectly through intergroup threat perceptions. Three main findings emerged. First, whereas RWA was a positive predictor of prejudice toward Americans, SDO was a negative predictor. Second, RWA mediated a positive relationship between a social conforming personality and prejudice toward Americans; SDO mediated a negative relationship between a toughminded personality and prejudice. Third, value threat perceptions mediated a positive relationship between RWA and feelings of disgust toward Americans; economic threat perceptions mediated a negative relationship between SDO and anger toward Americans. Applications and extensions of the dual process model in non-Western populations are discussed.
Postauricular skin as an alternative to oral mucosa for anterior onlay graft urethroplasty: a preliminary experience in patients with oral mucosa changes.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the feasibility, tolerability, safety, and efficacy of using the postauricular skin graft as substitute material for anterior urethroplasty. We first reported a preliminary experience in a selected group of patients in whom the oral mucosa and genital skin were both not usable.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 35 patients, average age of 34 years (range, 20-64 years), who underwent urethroplasty using postauricular skin grafts for anterior urethral strictures. Stricture etiology was lichen sclerosus in 12 (35%) cases, unknown in 10 (29%), trauma in 8 (22%), and infection in 5 (14%). Of 35 strictures, 15 (43%) were classified as panurethral, 12 (34%) were in the penile urethra, and 8 (23%) in the bulbar urethra. As measured by preoperative urethrography stricture, length varies from 3-15 cm (mean stricture length, 8.9 cm). Posterior auricular skin was harvested by one team and urethral reconstruction (bulbar, penile or pan-urethral) by the other team.


RESULTS
Mean operative time was 190 minutes (range, 120-300 minutes). Of 35 cases, 31 (89%) were treatment successes and 4 (11%) were failures. Five patients had developed wound infections, which were treated properly as per culture sensitivity report. No patient developed diverticulum, fistula, sacculation formation, or protrusion of the graft at external meatus.


CONCLUSIONS
In circumcised patients with submucosal fibrosis involving the cheek oral mucosa, postauricular skin is a good substitute material for urethral reconstruction, and also in patients with lichen sclerosus stricture diseases.
New vectors for simple and streamlined CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology is an important tool for genome editing because the Cas9 endonuclease can induce targeted DNA double-strand breaks. Targeting of the DNA break is typically controlled by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA), a chimeric RNA containing a structural segment important for Cas9 binding and a 20mer guide sequence that hybridizes to the genomic DNA target. Previous studies have demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used for efficient, marker-free genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, introducing the 20mer guide sequence into yeast sgRNA expression vectors often requires cloning procedures that are complex, time-consuming and/or expensive. To simplify this process, we have developed a new sgRNA expression cassette with internal restriction enzyme sites that permit rapid, directional cloning of 20mer guide sequences. Here we describe a flexible set of vectors based on this design for cloning and expressing sgRNAs (and Cas9) in yeast using different selectable markers. We anticipate that the Cas9-sgRNA expression vector with the URA3 selectable marker (pML104) will be particularly useful for genome editing in yeast, since the Cas9 machinery can be easily removed by counter-selection using 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA) following successful genome editing. The availability of new vectors that simplify and streamline the technical steps required for guide sequence cloning should help accelerate the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in yeast genome editing.
The effects of endoscopic variceal ligation and propranolol on portal hypertensive gastropathy: a prospective, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices may accentuate portal hypertensive gastropathy. The impact of the combination of band ligation and propranolol on this condition remains unknown.


METHODS
Patients with history of variceal bleeding were randomized to receive band ligation alone (control group, 40 patients) or a combination of band ligation and propranolol (propranolol group, 37 patients). Serial endoscopic evaluation of gastropathy was performed. Gastropathy was classified into 3 grades and scored as 0, 1, or 2.


RESULTS
Before endoscopic treatment, 17% of the control group and 22% of the propranolol group had gastropathy (p = 0.78). The occurrence of gastropathy after endoscopic treatment was significantly higher in the control group than in the propranolol group (p = 0.002). Serial endoscopic follow-up revealed that the mean gastropathy score was significantly higher in the control group than in the propranolol group (p < 0.05). In patients with gastropathy the gastropathy score reached a peak at 6 months after endoscopic treatment in both the control and propranolol groups (85% vs. 48%, respectively). After variceal obliteration, accentuation of gastropathy was significant in the control group (p < 0.01) but not in the propranolol group. Gastropathy was less likely to develop in patients who developed gastric varices. Esophageal variceal recurrence was not related to the development of gastropathy after variceal obliteration with banding. Only one patient in the control group bled from gastropathy.


CONCLUSION
Band ligation of esophageal varices may accentuate gastropathy, which in this study was partly relieved by propranolol.