LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Randomized, proof-of-principle clinical trial of active transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic migraine.

BACKGROUND
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rTMS-DLPFC) is an effective treatment for depression. Preliminary studies indicated beneficial effects of rTMS-DLPFC on pain relief in patients treated for depression, and in patients with chronic migraine.


METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-center, proof-of-principle clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that 23 sessions of active rTMS-DLPFC delivered over eight weeks would be feasible, safe and superior to sham rTMS to decrease the number of headache days in 18 patients with chronic migraine without severe depression. Per-protocol analysis was performed.


RESULTS
rTMS-DLPFC applied over eight weeks was feasible and safe in patients with chronic migraine. Contrary to our primary hypothesis, the number of headache days decreased significantly more in the sham group than in the group treated with active rTMS-DLPFC at eight weeks. Average decrease in headache days was >50% in the sham group, indicating a powerful placebo response. Pain intensity improved in both groups to a similar extent.


CONCLUSIONS
Positive results of M1 stimulation in other studies, and the absence of significant benefits of active high-frequency rTMS of the DLPFC in the present study, point to M1 as a more promising target than the DLPFC, for larger trials of noninvasive brain stimulation in patients with chronic migraine.
Clustering approaches to text categorization

The aim of this thesis is to improve accuracy of text categorization, which is the basis for various applications such as e-mail classification and Web-page classification. Among the various possible approaches to this aim, two clustering approaches and an application of a new kernel (similarity function) are discussed in this thesis. Although clustering is usually regarded as an unsupervised learning method and categorization as a supervised learning, we show that clustering can be used to improve accuracy of text categorization. The first clustering approach proposed is co-clustering of words and texts . In a number of previous probabilistic approaches, texts in the same category are implicitly assumed to have an identical distribution over words. We empirically show that this assumption is not accurate, and propose a new framework based on a co-clustering technique to alleviate this problem. In this method, training texts are clustered so that the assumption is more likely to be true, and at the same time, features are also clustered in order to tackle the data sparseness problem. We succeeded in improving accuracy of text categorization using the co-clustering method. The second approach is constructive induction based on clustering . In this approach, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are combined with constructive induction using dimension reduction methods, such as Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). New features derived by dimension reduction are added to the feature space. Using this method, we succeeded in improving the categorization performance of SVMs in text categorization, especially when a number of extra unlabeled examples other than the given labeled examples are used in the dimesion reduction step. ∗Doctor’s Thesis, Department of Information Processing, Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST-IS-DT0061014, March 24, 2003.
The Correlation Function in Redshift Space: General Formula with Wide-Angle Effects and Cosmological Distortions

A general formula for the correlation function in redshift space is derived in linear theory. The formula simultaneously includes wide-angle effects and cosmological distortions and thus is applicable to any pair with arbitrary angle θ between lines of sight, and arbitrary redshifts, z1, z2, which are not necessarily small. The effects of the spatial curvature both on geometry and on fluctuation spectrum are properly taken into account, and thus our formula holds in a Friedman-Lemâıtre universe with arbitrary cosmological parameters Ω0 and λ0. We illustrate the pattern of the resulting correlation function with several models, and also show that validity region of the conventional distant observer approximation is θ ≤ 10. Subject headings: cosmology: theory — galaxies: distances and redshifts — quasars: general — large-scale structure of universe — methods: statistical Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and Research Center for the Early Universe, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Anaesthetic reasons for cancellation of elective surgical inpatients on the day of surgery in a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVE
A prospect audit was conducted to find out the anaesthetic reasons for cancellation of surgical in patients on the day of surgery, and to plan for future suggestive corrective actions to reduce unnecessary cancellations.


METHODS
The audit was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital for one year from 1st January to 31st December 2003. Data was collected monthly on a pre-designed form and the files of cases that were cancelled were reviewed by two consultants and labeled as justifiable or not justifiable cancellation.


RESULTS
Eight thousand, five hundred and twenty six patients were scheduled for surgery during the study period, 359 (4%) were cancelled on the day of surgery after their names appeared on the operating room schedule. Only 28 (8%) of all cancellation were anaesthetic cancellations, 15 of which fell in nonjustifiable category.


CONCLUSION
Although anaesthetic cancellations were only 0.3% of total elective admissions, this number can be improved further in the interest of the patients by implementing and following the recommendations that have been proposed following this audit.
Anterior suspension combined with posterior reconstruction during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy improves early return of urinary continence: a prospective randomized multicentre trial.

UNLABELLED
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Urinary incontinence is one of the major drawbacks of radical prostatectomy, regardless of the procedure used (i.e. open, laparoscopic or robotic-assisted). Several technical modifications have been described to improve postoperative continence, highlighting the role of puboprostatic ligaments and posterior reconstruction of the rhabdomyosphincter. The results obtained are inconsistent when applied to robotic surgery. The present multicentre randomized study shows that anterior suspension combined with posterior reconstruction is a safe and easy-to-perform technique for improving early continence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact on urinary continence of anterior retropubic suspension with posterior reconstruction during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In total, 72 patients who were due to undergo prostatectomy between July 2009 and July 2010 were prospectively randomized into two groups: group A underwent a standard RALP procedure and group B had anterior suspension and posterior reconstruction during RALP. The primary outcome measure was urinary continence, assessed using the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index questionnaire at 15 days, and at 1, 3 and 6 months, after surgery. Other data recorded were operation duration, blood loss, length of hospital stay, duration of bladder catheterization, complications and positive margin rate.


RESULTS
The continence rates at 15 days, and at 1, 3 and 6 months, after surgery were 3.6%, 7.1%, 15.4% and 57.9%, respectively, in group A, and 5.9%, 26.5%, 45.2% and 65.4%, respectively, in group B. The continence rates differed statistically between groups at 1 and 3 months (P = 0.047 and P = 0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups regarding complications (P = 0.8) or positive margin rate (P = 0.46).


CONCLUSION
Anterior suspension associated with posterior reconstruction during RALP improved the early return of continence, without increasing complications.
The spectrum of preaxial polydactyly of the foot.

BACKGROUND
Polydactyly is a common congenital anomaly of the foot classified as preaxial, central, or postaxial depending on the location of the duplication. Approximately 15% of all duplications of the toes are preaxial. The purpose of this study is to report our experience in the management of preaxial polydactyly of the foot over a period of 30 years at a single institution.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective institutional review board-approved descriptive case series of 21 children representing 28 feet with preaxial foot polydactyly seen at our institution from 1977 to 2009. All subjects were analyzed in terms of sex, laterality, anatomic patterns of polydactyly, associated anomalies, family history, clinical features, surgical indications, details of surgical procedures, and outcomes after surgical interventions, using data collected from medical records, radiographs, and clinical photographs. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at the most recent examination, according to the format published by Phelps and Grogan.


RESULTS
There were 21 patients (28 feet) including 11 male and 10 female subjects. Duplications were bilateral in 7 patients and unilateral in 14. The average age at surgery was 1.8 years (range: 0.8 to 4.6 y). The average follow-up was 81.7 months (range: 5 to 180 mo). According to the Watanabey classification, the distal phalangeal type occurred in 4 feet, the proximal phalangeal type in 10 feet, the metatarsal type in 10 feet, the tarsal type in 2 feet, a combined tarsal and metatarsal type in 1 foot, and a mirror type in 1 foot. All patients had associated anomalies in the affected feet. Congenital hallux varus was the most common associated anomaly (20 feet). A longitudinal epiphyseal bracket was observed in 4 feet. Clinical outcomes after the initial surgery were excellent in 8 feet, good in 15 feet, and poor in 5 feet. The 5 feet rated as poor were because of residual deformities and required additional surgery. Good results were subsequently obtained at final follow-up in all 5 feet.


CONCLUSIONS
In our opinion, the Watanabe classification is more useful than the Venn-Watson for surgical planning. However, we have added an additional type, representing a mirror foot which we feel is within the overall spectrum of preaxial polydactyly. Good or better results were obtained in all feet at final follow-up. Early detection and adequate excision of the longitudinal bracket affecting the phalanges or metatarsal can reduce residual deformity and the need for revision surgery.
Meditation Awareness Training for the Treatment of Sex Addiction: A Case Study

Background Sex addiction is a disorder that can have serious adverse functional consequences. Treatment effectiveness research for sex addiction is currently underdeveloped, and interventions are generally based on the guidelines for treating other behavioral (as well as chemical) addictions. Consequently, there is a need to clinically evaluate tailored treatments that target the specific symptoms of sex addiction. It has been proposed that second-generation mindfulness-based interventions (SG-MBIs) may be an appropriate treatment for sex addiction because in addition to helping individuals increase perceptual distance from craving for desired objects and experiences, some SG-MBIs specifically contain meditations intended to undermine attachment to sex and/or the human body. The current study conducts the first clinical investigation into the utility of mindfulness for treating sex addiction. Case presentation An in-depth clinical case study was conducted involving an adult male suffering from sex addiction that underwent treatment utilizing an SG-MBI known as Meditation Awareness Training (MAT). Following completion of MAT, the participant demonstrated clinically significant improvements in addictive sexual behavior, as well as reductions in depression and psychological distress. The MAT intervention also led to improvements in sleep quality, job satisfaction, and non-attachment to self and experiences. Salutary outcomes were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Discussion and conclusion The current study extends the literature exploring the applications of mindfulness for treating behavioral addiction, and findings indicate that further clinical investigation into the role of mindfulness for treating sex addiction is warranted.
DSP implementation of a single-cycle predictive current controller in a boost PFC rectifier

Power factor preregulators in high line frequency applications such as avionics power systems call for wide-bandwidth input current shaping to achieve low harmonic distortion. A variable frequency digital predictive control method that can achieve current tracking in just one switching cycle is proposed for a boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier. In this method, the transistor on-time is kept constant and the transistor off-time is predicted for each switching interval. The paper focuses on the practical implementation of the controller using a digital signal processor (DSP). Experimental results show fast current tracking and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 3% at 800 Hz line frequency
Data security and threat modeling for smart city infrastructure

Smart city opens up data with a wealth of information that brings innovation and connects government, industry and citizens. Cyber insecurity, on the other hand has raised concerns among data privacy and threats to smart city systems. In this paper, we look into security issues in smart city infrastructure from both technical and business operation perspectives and propose an approach to analyze threats and to improve data security of smart city systems. The assessment process takes hundreds of features into account. Data collected during the assessment stage are then imported into an algorithm that calculates the threat factor. Mitigation strategies are provided to help reducing risks of smart city systems from being hacked into and to protect data from being misused, stolen or identifiable. Study shows that the threat factor can be reduced significantly by following this approach. Experiments show that this comprehensive approach can reduce the risks of cyber intrusions to smart city systems. It can also deal with privacy concerns in this big data arena.
Colorectal cancers not detected by screening flexible sigmoidoscopy in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Diagnosis of colorectal cancer after negative findings on endoscopic evaluation raises concern about the effectiveness of endoscopic screening. We contrast screening-detected cancers with cancers not detected by screening among participants assigned to flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG) in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial to determine the reasons for the lack of detection of prevalent lesions.


DESIGN
Cancers detected within 1 year of a screening FSG with abnormal findings were classified as screening detected. All other cancers were categorized, based on cancer stage and years until detection, as either not detectable or prevalent but not detected at the time of screening.


SETTING/PATIENTS
A total of 77,447 subjects in the multicenter PLCO trial.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
A total of 977 colorectal cancers were diagnosed with a mean follow-up of 11.5 years.


RESULTS
A total of 243 (24.9%) cancers were screening detected, 470 (48.1%) were not detectable at screening, and 264 (27.0%) were considered prevalent but not detected. Among prevalent nondetected lesions, 35.6% (n = 94) were attributed to problems in patient compliance (58 never screened, 34 delayed colonoscopy follow-up, and 2 inadequate bowel preparation), 43.9% (n = 116) were attributable to a limitation in the FSG procedure (97 beyond the reach of the sigmoidoscope and 19 inadequate depth of insertion on FSG), and 20.5% (n = 54) were caused by endoscopist limitation (33 missed on FSG, 21 missed at initial colonoscopy) (P < .0001). Had colonoscopy instead of FSG been used for screening, an additional 15.6% and as many as 19.0% of cancers may have been screening-detected.


LIMITATIONS
These estimates are reasonable approximations, but biological variability precludes precise determinations.


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalent nondetected cancers were more often attributable to problems with patient compliance or limitations in the FSG procedure than to missed lesions. Colonoscopy instead of FSG could have moderately increased the detection of cancer via screening.
A content analysis of smartphone-based applications for hypertension management.

Smartphone-based medical applications (apps) can facilitate self-management of hypertension (HTN). The content and consumer interaction metrics of HTN-related apps are unknown. In this cross-sectional study to ascertain the content of medical apps designed for HTN management, we queried Google Play and Apple iTunes using the search terms "hypertension" and "high blood pressure." The top 107 apps were analyzed. Major app functionalities including tracking (for blood pressure [BP], pulse, weight, body mass index), medical device (to measure pulse or BP), general information on HTN, and medication adherence tools were recorded along with consumer engagement parameters. Data were collected from May 28 to May 30, 2014. A total of 72% of the apps had tracking function, 22% had tools to enhance medication adherence, 37% contained general information on HTN, and 8% contained information on Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. These data showed that a majority of apps for HTN are designed primarily for health management functions. However, 14% of Google Android apps could transform the smartphone into a medical device to measure BP. None of these apps employed the use of a BP cuff or had any documentation of validation against a gold standard. Only 3% of the apps were developed by healthcare agencies such as universities or professional organizations. In regression models. the medical device function was highly predictive of greater number of downloads (odds ratio, 97.08; P < .001) and positive consumer reviews (Incidence rate ratios, 1204.39; P < .001). A large majority of medical apps designed for HTN serve health management functions such as tracking blood pressure, weight, or body mass index. Consumers have a strong tendency to download and favorably rate apps that are advertised to measure blood pressure and heart rate, despite a lack of validation for these apps. There is a need for greater oversight in medical app development for HTN, especially when they qualify as a medical device.
Taxonomy, technology and applications of smart objects

Deployment of embedded technologies is increasingly being examined in industrial supply chains as a means for improving efficiency through greater control over purchase orders, inventory and product related information. Central to this development has been the advent of technologies such as bar codes, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, and wireless sensors which when attached to a product, form part of the product’s embedded systems infrastructure. The increasing integration of these technologies dramatically contributes to the evolving notion of a “smart product”, a product which is capable of incorporating itself into both physical and information environments. The future of this revolution in objects equipped with smart embedded technologies is one in which objects can not only identify themselves, but can also sense and store their condition, communicate This work was partly funded as part of the BRIDGE project by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) IP Nr. IST-FP6-033546. T. Sánchez López (B) · B. Patkai · D. McFarlane Engineering Department, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RX, UK e-mail: tsl26@cam.ac.uk B. Patkai e-mail: bp282@cam.ac.uk D. McFarlane e-mail: dcm@cam.ac.uk D. C. Ranasinghe The School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia e-mail: damith@cs.adelaide.edu.au with other objects and distributed infrastructures, and take decisions related to managing their life cycle. The object can essentially “plug” itself into a compatible systems infrastructure owned by different partners in a supply chain. However, as in any development process that will involve more than one end user, the establishment of a common foundation and understanding is essential for interoperability, efficient communication among involved parties and for developing novel applications. In this paper, we contribute to creating that common ground by providing a characterization to aid the specification and construction of “smart objects” and their underlying technologies. Furthermore, our work provides an extensive set of examples and potential applications of different categories of smart objects.
Assessment of Vulnerability Curves Using Vulnerability Index Method for Reinforced Concrete Structures

The seismic feedback experiences in Algeria have shown higher percentage of damages for non-code conforming reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Furthermore, the vulnerability of these buildings was further aggravated due to presence of many factors (e.g. weak the seismic capacity of these buildings, shorts columns, Pounding effect, etc.). Consequently Seismic risk assessments were carried out on populations of buildings to identify the buildings most likely to undergo losses during an earthquake. The results of such studies are important in the mitigation of losses under future seismic events as they allow strengthening intervention and disaster management plans to be drawn up. Within this paper, the state of the existing structures is assessed using "the vulnerability index” method. This method allows the classification of RC constructions taking into account both, structural and non structural parameters, considered to be ones of the main parameters governing the vulnerability of the structure. Based on seismic feedback from past earthquakes DPM (damage probability matrices) were developed too. Keywords—Seismic vulnerability, Reinforced concrete buildings, Earthquake, DPM, Algeria.
Attribute-based data access control in mobile cloud computing: Taxonomy and open issues

With the thriving growth of the cloud computing, the security and privacy concerns of outsourcing data have been increasing dramatically. However, because of delegating the management of data to an untrusted cloud server in data outsourcing process, the data access control has been recognized as a challenging issue in cloud storage systems. One of the preeminent technologies to control data access in cloud computing is Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) as a cryptographic primitive, which establishes the decryption ability on the basis of a user’s attributes. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on attribute-based access control schemes and compares each scheme’s functionality and characteristic. We also present a thematic taxonomy of attribute-based approaches based on significant parameters, such as access control mode, architecture, revocation mode, revocation method, revocation issue, and revocation controller. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art ABE methods and categorizes them into three main classes, such as centralized, decentralized, and hierarchal, based on their architectures. We also analyzed the different ABE techniques to ascertain the advantages and disadvantages, the significance and requirements, and identifies the research gaps. Finally, the paper presents open issues and challenges for further investigations. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.