LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Circle Packing for Origami Design Is Hard

Over the last 20 years, the world of origami has been changed by the introduction of design algorithms that bear a close relationship to, if not outright ancestry from, computational geometry. One of the first robust algorithms for origami design was the circle/river method (also called the tree method) developed independently by Lang [7–9] and Meguro [12, 13]. This algorithm and its variants provide a systematic method for folding any structure that topologically resembles a graph theoretic weighted tree. Other algorithms followed, notably one by Tachi [15] that gives the crease pattern to fold an arbitrary 3D surface. Hopes of a general approach for efficiently solving all origami design problems were dashed early on, when Bern and Hayes showed in 1996 that the general problem of crease assignment — given an arbitrary crease pattern, determine whether each fold is mountain or valley — was NP-complete [1]. In fact, they showed more: given a complete crease assignment, simply determining the stacking order of the layers of paper was also NP-complete. Fortunately, while crease assignment in the general case is hard, the crease patterns generated by the various design algorithms carry with them significant extra information associated with each crease, enough extra information that the problem of crease assignment is typically only polynomial in difficulty. This is certainly the case for the tree method of design [3]. Designing a model using the tree method (or one of its variants) is a two-step process: the first step involves solving an optimization problem where one solves for certain key vertices of the crease pattern. The second step constructs creases following a geometric prescription and assigns their status as mountain, valley, or unfolded. The process of constructing the creases and assigning them is definitely polynomial in complexity; but, up to now, the computational complexity of the optimization was not established. There were reasons for believing that the optimization was, in principle, computationally intractable. The conditions on the vertex coordinates in the
Using the Binomial Effect Size Display ( BESD ) to Present the Magnitude of Effect Sizes to the Evaluation Audience

The use of Rosenthal’s Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD) as a tool for reporting the magnitude of effect sizes to the evaluation audience is discussed. The authors give an overview of the BESD, describe how it is calculated, and present a review of its strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, suggestions for the appropriate use of the BESD are given. An effect size to BESD conversion table is included.
Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports – A reason for this new branch journal

The mission of the Archives of Budo is to promote martial arts and combat sports based on scientific evidence and to take the opportunity to develop all dimensions of positive health (somatic, mental, social) and survival capabilities in a manner worthy of man. It is not easy to define the science of martial arts as a separate scientific specialty. It remains unclear that besides this unique knowledge, the specialist must accumulate experience and qualifications based on the widely understood practice of martial arts. The Editorial Board will not accept contemporary forms of gladiatorial contests (e.g., MMA) as sport. UNIFIGHT (of Russian origin) is a counterbalance to this negative trend. Unfortunately, it is not recognisable on a global scale, although it enables universal human development via combat sports. At the beginning of 2013, we initiated a parallel edition of the Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports as a branch journal. The papers published are all original to some extent and are clinical because the practice of training is our main concern.
Shared history of humans and gut bacteria: Evolutionary togetherness: coupled evolution of humans and a pathogen

Shared history of humans and gut bacteria: Evolutionary togetherness: coupled evolution of humans and a pathogen
Lansoprazole treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic laryngitis: a placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:Previous uncontrolled studies suggested a therapeutic benefit for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among patients with laryngitis. The present study is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of gastric acid suppression among patients with laryngitis in the United States.METHODS:Patients diagnosed with idiopathic chronic laryngitis were randomized to receive either lansoprazole 30 mg p.o. b.i.d. or a matching placebo for 3 months. Before randomization, all patients underwent upper endoscopy, dual probe ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH-metry, and laryngoscopy, as well as completing a symptom questionnaire for GERD and laryngitis. The primary outcome of treatment was the complete resolution of laryngeal symptoms.RESULTS:A total of 22 patients with symptoms and signs of chronic laryngitis were enrolled, 20 of whom completed the study. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis, proximal and distal esophageal pH-metry, or laryngeal signs and symptoms. In an intention-to-treat analysis, six patients in the lansoprazole group (50%) and only one patient (10%) in the placebo group achieved a complete symptomatic response, p = 0.04. Apart from receiving lansoprazole, there were no significant differences between responders and nonresponders in any of baseline esophageal or laryngeal signs and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:Empirical treatment with lansoprazole is efficacious in relieving symptoms of laryngitis compared to placebo. Such treatment can be considered as a first-line option in managing patients with idiopathic chronic laryngitis.
Big data privacy: a technological perspective and review

Big data is a term used for very large data sets that have more varied and complex structure. These characteristics usually correlate with additional difficulties in storing, analyzing and applying further procedures or extracting results. Big data analytics is the term used to describe the process of researching massive amounts of complex data in order to reveal hidden patterns or identify secret correlations. However, there is an obvious contradiction between the security and privacy of big data and the widespread use of big data. This paper focuses on privacy and security concerns in big data, differentiates between privacy and security and privacy requirements in big data. This paper covers uses of privacy by taking existing methods such as HybrEx, k-anonymity, T-closeness and L-diversity and its implementation in business. There have been a number of privacy-preserving mechanisms developed for privacy protection at different stages (for example, data generation, data storage, and data processing) of a big data life cycle. The goal of this paper is to provide a major review of the privacy preservation mechanisms in big data and present the challenges for existing mechanisms. This paper also presents recent techniques of privacy preserving in big data like hiding a needle in a haystack, identity based anonymization, differential privacy, privacy-preserving big data publishing and fast anonymization of big data streams. This paper refer privacy and security aspects healthcare in big data. Comparative study between various recent techniques of big data privacy is also done as well.
Software defined RADAR a state of the art

A software-defined radar is a versatile radar system, where most of the processing, like signal generation, filtering, up-and down conversion etc. is performed by a software. This paper presents a state of the art of software-defined radar technology. It describes the design concept of software-defined radars and the two possible implementations. A global assessment is presented, and the link with the Cognitive Radar is explained.
Self-esteem and depression in patients presenting angle class III malocclusion submitted for orthognathic surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To assess self-esteem and depression in patients submitted for orthognathic surgery.


METHODS
Assessment was realized on 29 patients, male and female, aged 17 to 46, presenting Angle Class III malocclusion and referred for surgical treatment, during the preoperative (orthodontic preparation) and postoperative (six-month postoperative) periods. Either maxillomandibular or isolated procedures were performed. Two previously validated standardized measurement instruments for this area were used: the UNIFESP-EPM Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance and the Bonferroni test) verified possible interactions between the pre and postoperative periods, genders and types of surgery. Significance was determined at 5%.


RESULTS
Females showed improved self-esteem, presenting lower mean values after surgery (8.9 to 6.3). Regarding depression, a significant reduction in the number of depressive symptoms (p=0.002) occurred for female patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Female patients presented improved self-esteem and diminished depressive symptoms due to surgical intervention; whereas male patients showed no alteration in self-esteem and depression with surgical intervention.
Enterprise Modeling

increasingly agile and integrated across their functions. Enterprise models play a critical role in this integration, enabling better designs for enterprises, analysis of their performance, and management of their operations. This article motivates the need for enterprise models and introduces the concepts of generic and deductive enterprise models. It reviews research to date on enterprise modeling and considers in detail the Toronto virtual enterprise effort at the University of Toronto.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Medicine

The use of neural networks in medicine, normally is linked to disease diagnostics systems. However, neural networks are not only able to recognize examples, but maintain very important information. For this reason, one of the main areas of application of neural networks is the interpretation of medical data. In this article we will discuss the application of neural networks in medicine with a concrete example a diagnosis of diabetes disease in its early stages.
Existential consumption and irrational desire 285 Existential consumption and irrational desire

If marketing is truly the “ultimate social practice of postmodern consumer culture” (Firat, 1993) then it carries the heavy burden of “determining the conditions and meanings of life for the future” (Firat and Venkatesh, 1993). Certainly, social theory is now focusing on consumption as playing a central role in the way the social world is constructed, and it can be argued that marketing is too important just to be left to marketers as it plays a “key role in giving meaning to life through consumption” (van Raaij, 1993). Marketing has been criticized from within as being a “technique” without moral regard for the consequences of its actions, and there is no shortage of critics of its most public face: advertising. This paper aims at identifying some of the issues raised by postmodern and poststructuralist accounts of consumption. In particular, it is argued that consumption can be conceptualized from cultural, social and psychological perspectives as being a prime site for the negotiation of conflicting themes of freedom and control. It is proposed here that in postmodernity the consumption of symbolic meaning, particularly through the use of advertising as a cultural commodity, provides the individual with the opportunity to construct, maintain and communicate identity and social meanings. This use of consumption as a resource for meaning creation and social transactions is a process that involves the making of choices that are sufficiently important to be considered as existential. This is not an attempt at rehabilitating the practice of marketing, but is intended to demonstrate that the consumer is far from being a passive victim but is an active agent in the construction of meaning. In part this can be seen as a response to Ölander’s call for “consumer research for the consumer’s sake” (Ölander, 1993), but also as providing theoretical underpinning for concepts such as “advertising literacy” (Ritson and Elliott, 1995a) which attempt to build new socially located and meaning-based-models of advertising.
Digital design tools versus architectural representation and design approach: a reading off architectural press

Conference: 31st International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) -- Location: Delft Univ Technol, Fac Architecture, Delft, NETHERLANDS -- Date: SEP 18-20, 2013
Comparative study of the dissolution kinetics of electrolytic Ni and electroless Ni-P by the molten Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu solder alloy

Lead-free solders have high Sn content and high melting temperature, which often cause excessive interfacial reactions at the interface. Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu lead-free solder alloy has been used to identify its interfacial reactions with two-metal layer flexible substrates. In this paper we investigate the dissolution kinetics of Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu solder on electrolytic Ni/electroless NiP layer. It is found that during 1 min of reflow electroless NiP layer dissolves slightly lower than the electrolytic Ni due to the barrier layer formation between the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and electroless NiP layer. Faster nucleation of IMCs on the electrolytic Ni layer is proposed as the main reason for higher initial dissolution. The appearance of P-rich Ni layer acts as a diffusion barrier layer between the solder and electroless NiP layer, which decreases the dissolution rate and IMCs growth rate than that of the electrolytic Ni layer, but weaken the interface and reduces the ball shear strength and reliability. After acquiring certain thickness P-rich Ni layer breaks and increases the diffusion rate of Sn and as a consequence both the IMCs growth rate and dissolution rate also increases. It is found that 3 lm thick electroless NiP layer cannot protect the Cu layer for more than 120 min at 250 C. In electrolytic Ni shear strength does not change significantly and lower dissolution rate and more protective for Cu layer during long time molten reaction. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Emotional perception modulated by an opioid and a cholecystokinin agonist

The cholecystokinin (CCK) and opioid neuromodulatory systems work in an antagonistic fashion and can modulate emotional states and noxious input in opposite directions. In this behavioral study, we generalize this idea and suggest that CCK and opioids can modulate the processing of other external signals, e.g., visual stimuli rather than only noxious input. The objective of this study was to determine whether CCK and an opioid agonist could modulate the emotional experience of visual stimuli. Thirteen healthy male volunteers viewed standardized pictures with either neutral or unpleasant content. Simultaneously, one of three treatments was administered in a randomized, double-blind crossover design: the CCKb receptor agonist pentagastrin (0.1 μg/kg), the mu-opioid receptor agonist remifentanil (0.0625 μg/kg), or saline. Self-ratings of the emotional experience of pictures and drugs were sampled together with psychological tests and recording of heart rate. Pentagastrin treatment increased the rating of unpleasantness for both neutral and unpleasant pictures, while it decreased the rating of pleasantness for the neutral pictures. These effects did not correlate with the degree of general unpleasantness induced by the drug. Remifentanil treatment increased the pleasantness for the neutral pictures. While pentagastrin treatment induced a heart rate increase, unpleasant pictures induced a heart rate decrease, and the magnitude of change in heart rate correlated positively for these conditions. This study shows that the CCK and the opioid system modulate how external stimuli are emotionally perceived, suggesting a possible involvement in affective disorders.
Approximate TF-IDF based on topic extraction from massive message stream using the GPU

The Web is a constantly expanding global information space that includes disparate types of data and resources. Recent trends demonstrate the urgent need to manage the large amounts of data stream, especially in specific domains of application such as critical infrastructure systems, sensor networks, log file analysis, search engines and more recently, social networks. All of these applications involve large-scale data-intensive tasks, often subject to time constraints and space complexity. Algorithms, data management and data retrieval techniques must be able to process data stream, i.e., process data as it becomes available and provide an accurate response, based solely on the data stream that has already been provided. Data retrieval techniques often require traditional data storage and processing approach, i.e., all data must be available in the storage space in order to be processed. For instance, a widely used relevance measure is Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF–IDF), which can evaluate how important a word is in a collection of documents and requires to a priori know the whole dataset. To address this problem, we propose an approximate version of the TF–IDF measure suitable to work on continuous data stream (such as the exchange of messages, tweets and sensor-based log files). The algorithm for the calculation of this measure makes two assumptions: a fast response is required, and memory is both limited and infinitely smaller than the size of the data stream. In addition, to face the great computational power required to process massive data stream, we present also a parallel implementation of the approximate TF–IDF calculation using Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). This implementation of the algorithm was tested on generated and real data stream and was able to capture the most frequent terms. Our results demonstrate that the approximate version of the TF–IDF measure performs at a level that is comparable to the solution of the precise TF–IDF measure. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Long-term outcome for men with teratoma found at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

BACKGROUND
Patients with pure teratoma within the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) specimen traditionally have been considered at low risk for disease progression. The objectives of this study were to determine the disease-related outcomes of patients who had pure teratoma identified at the time of PC-RPLND and to examine the prognostic value of clinical variables that were identified previously as important predictors of disease recurrence in these patients.


METHODS
Between 1980 and 2003, 97 patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and pure teratoma histology at the time of PC-RPLND were identified. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively for pertinent clinical and treatment-related outcomes.


RESULTS
At a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 21 patients (22%) developed recurrent disease after PC-RPLND. The 5-year and 10-year probabilities (+/-standard error) of freedom from disease recurrence were 81%+/-4% and 76%+/-5%, respectively. The postchemotherapy alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and mediastinal involvement at presentation were statistically significant predictors of disease recurrence on multivariate analysis. Nine of 97 patients (9.3%) died from testis cancer, and 4 patients died from other causes.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with pure teratoma histology at PC-RPLND, mediastinal involvement at presentation and the presence of an elevated AFP level before PC-RPLND predicted an unfavorable outcome. The absence of mediastinal involvement and normal AFP level, however, did not confirm freedom from disease recurrence. Patients who had teratoma at the time of PC-RPLND remained at considerable risk for disease progression because of the unpredictable nature of teratoma and the presence of unrecognized, active germ cell disease outside the retroperitoneum.
Development of 3D Chromatin Texture Analysis Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

INTRODUCTION
Analysis of nuclear texture features as a measure of nuclear chromatin changes has been proven to be useful when measured on thin (5-6 microm) tissue sections using conventional 2D bright field microscopy. The drawback of this approach is that most nuclei are not intact because of those thin sections. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) allows measurements of texture in 3D reconstructed nuclei. The aim of this study was to develop 3D texture features that quantitatively describe changes in chromatin architecture associated with malignancy using CLSM images.


METHODS
Thirty-five features thoughtfully chosen from 4 categories of 3D texture features (discrete texture features, Markovian features, fractal features, grey value distribution features) were selected and tested for invariance properties (rotation and scaling) using artificial images with a known grey value distribution. The discriminative power of the 3D texture features was tested on artificially constructed benign and malignant 3D nuclei with increasing nucleolar size and advancing chromatin margination towards the periphery of the nucleus. As a clinical proof of principle, the discriminative power of the texture features was assessed on 10 benign and 10 malignant human prostate nuclei, evaluating also whether there was more texture information in 3D whole nuclei compared to a single 2D plane from the middle of the nucleus.


RESULTS
All texture features showed the expected invariance properties. Almost all features were sensitive to variations in the nucleolar size and to the degree of margination of chromatin. Fourteen texture features from different categories had high discriminative power for separating the benign and malignant nuclei. The discrete texture features performed less than expected. There was more information on nuclear texture in 3D than in 2D.


CONCLUSION
A set of 35 3D nuclear texture features was used successfully to assess nuclear chromatin patterns in 3D images obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and as a proof of principle we showed that these features may be clinically useful for analysis of prostate neoplasia.
Characterization of cast A356 alloy reinforced with nano SiC composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of nano composites processed via stir casting were studied. The composites were based on the A356 aluminum alloy reinforced with nano SiC particles. The density measurements show that the samples contain little porosity and the amount of porosity in the composites increases with increasing volume fraction of SiC. The microstructures of the composites were examined using optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Microscopic observations of the microstructures reveal that the dispersion of the particles is uniform. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and the elastic modulus are improved with the addition of nano particles although some reduction in ductility is observed. The highest yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are obtained with the addition of 3.5% SiC nano-particles. A relatively ductile fracture in tensile fractured samples was observed by fractography examination.