LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Are dietary influences on the risk of prostate cancer mediated through the insulin-like growth factor system?

OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether dietary factors that appear to affect the risk of prostate cancer may be similarly associated with serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Patients and methods In the context of a case-control study, 112 men were admitted to three teaching hospitals in Athens, Greece, for disorders other than cancer. Sociodemographic data and detailed histories of smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption were recorded. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was administered by an interviewer and serological measurements of IGF-1 and its binding protein-3 conducted.


RESULTS
IGF-1 declined significantly by almost 25% among men aged >75 years and there was a small reduction in IGF-1 levels with increased alcohol intake, with a mean (95% confidence interval, CI) change of -1.6 (- 2.2 to -0.9)% for an increment of one drink per day. There was no evidence for an effect of either smoking or coffee consumption on IGF-1 level. Among foods, the consumption of cooked tomatoes was substantially and significantly inversely associated with IGF-1 levels, with a mean (95% CI) change of -31.5 (- 49.1 to -7.9)% for an increment of one serving per day.


CONCLUSIONS
The strongest known dietary risk factor for prostate cancer (lycopene deficit, as reflected in a reduced intake of cooked tomatoes) and an important endocrine factor in the aetiology of this disease (IGF-1) seem to be related in a way that suggests that at least one, and perhaps more, exogenous factors in the development of prostate cancer may be mediated through the IGF-1 system.
FPGA Implementation of AHB to APB Protocol

Abstract:The field of technology is evolving at a very fast pace. The competition is very intense. So the need of the hour is to produce efficient system. In accomplishing this objective we are required to establish better interaction among all the components of the system. This requirement is fulfilled by the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) protocol from Advanced RISC Machines (ARM).The AMBA is the on-chip standard for the communication among components in Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) or System on Chip (SoC). This paper focuses on the 2 protocols of AMBA which are Advanced High Performance Bus (AHB) and Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) and theAPB bridge. The coding is done in Verilog synthesis on Xilinx 14.7 ISE and simulation on ISim simulator and FPGA implementation on Spartan 3.
Industry wage differentials and the bargaining regime in a corporatist country

This paper examines the role of the bargaining regime in bringing about interindustry wage differentials in the Belgian private sector. Empirical findings, based upon the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, emphasise that sectors offering high/low wages are similar for workers covered by different bargaining regimes, even when controlling for individual characteristics, working cond itions and firm size. Moreover, results show that ceteris paribus : (i) the dispersion of interindustry wage differentials is higher when wages are collectively renegotiated at the firm level, (ii) workers covered by a company collective agreement earn 5.1% more than their opposite numbers whose wages are solely covered by national and/or sectoral collective agreements.
Effects of Food Wastes on Yellow MealwormTenebriomolitor Larval Nutritional Profilesand Growth Performances

In this study, nutritional profiles and growth performances of yellow mealworm, Tenebriomolitor larvae (TML) were assessed cultivated using common food wastes i.e. watermelon rinds, broilers’ eggshells and banana peels. Nutritional profiles and growth performance of TML were evaluated after 28-day feeding trial. Post-feeding proximate analysis showed significant increment of nutritional contents compared to the control groups; whereby TML demonstrated highest level of crude protein (43.38%±2.71), moisture (9.74%±0.23) and ash (4.40%±0.22) in the group treated with watermelon wastes. On the other hand, TML showed highest level of crude fibre (8.73%±0.05) when treated with broilers’ eggshells; and higher level of crude fat (40.13%±4.66) with banana wastes. Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents were also noticed higher in the group treated with banana wastes (4.46%±5.30). In terms of growth performance, TML administrated with watermelon wastes demonstrated superior in specific growth rate (2.50%±0.43) and feed conversion efficiency (0.10%±0.01). Interestingly, TML grown with banana wastes showed highest survival rate (97.5%) among all. In short, TML cultivation using watermelon and banana wastes showed a promising result on nutritional fortification and growth enhancement.
QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AND HADRONS: AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION

Notes of five lectures given at the 2003 European School of Hig h-Energy Physics, Tsakhkadzor, Armenia, September 2003
Operational Exercise Integration Recommendations for DoD Cyber Ranges

Permission has been given to destroy this document when it is no longer needed. Cyber-enabled and cyber-physical systems connect and engage virtually every mission-critical military capability today. And as more warfighting technologies become integrated and connected, both the risks and opportunities from a cyberwarfare continue to grow—motivating sweeping requirements and investments in cybersecurity assessment capabilities to evaluate technology vulner-abilities, operational impacts, and operator effectiveness. Operational testing of cyber capabilities, often in conjunction with major military exercises, provides valuable connections to and feedback from the operational warfighter community. These connections can help validate capability impact on the mission and, when necessary, provide course-correcting feedback to the technology development process and its stakeholders. However, these tests are often constrained in scope, duration, and resources and require a thorough and wholistic approach, especially with respect to cyber technology assessments, where additional safety and security constraints are often levied. This report presents a summary of the state of the art in cyber assessment technologies and methodologies and prescribes an approach to the employment of cyber range operational exercises (OPEXs). Numerous recommendations on general cyber assessment methodologies and cyber range design are included, the most significant of which are summarized below. • Perform bottom-up and top-down assessment formulation methodologies to robustly link mission and assessment objectives to metrics, success criteria, and system observables. • Include threat-based assessment formulation methodologies that define risk and security met-rics within the context of mission-relevant adversarial threats and mission-critical system assets. • Follow a set of cyber range design mantras to guide and grade the design of cyber range components. • Call for future work in live-to-virtual exercise integration and cross-domain modeling and simulation technologies. • Call for continued integration of developmental and operational cyber assessment events, development of reusable cyber assessment test tools and processes, and integration of a threat-based assessment approach across the cyber technology acquisition cycle. Finally, this recommendations report was driven by obsevations made by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL) Cyber Measurement Campaign (CMC) team during an operational demonstration event for the DoD Enterprise Cyber Range Environment (DECRE) Command and Control Information Systems (C2IS). 1 This report also incorporates a prior CMC report based on Pacific Command (PACOM) exercise observations, as well as MIT LL's expertise in cyber range development and cyber systems assessment. 2 1 CMC is explained in further detail in Appendix A.1. 2 See References section at the end of the report. …
Severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal death audit--a rapid diagnostic tool for evaluating maternal care.

OBJECTIVE
To analyse severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) and maternal mortality in the Pretoria region over a 2-year period (2000-2001).


SETTING
Public hospitals in the Pretoria region, South Africa, serving a mainly indigent urban population.


METHODS
A descriptive study was performed whereby women with SAMM and maternal deaths were identified at daily audit meetings and an audit form was completed for all cases fulfilling the definition of SAMM ('near miss') and for all maternal deaths.


RESULTS
The number of maternal deaths declined slightly but not significantly from 18 deaths in 2000 to 16 in 2001. This represents a change in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 130/100,000 live births in 2000 to a MMR of 100/100,000 live births in 2001. However, when data for women with SAMM and maternal deaths were combined, there was a significant increase in major maternal morbidity from 90 cases (SAMM and maternal death rate 649/100,000 live births) in 2000 to 142 cases (SAMM and maternal death rate 889/100,000 live births) in 2001 (p = 0.006). This increase was due to a significant increase in severe maternal morbidity related to abortions and obstetric haemorrhages.


CONCLUSION
Analysis of maternal deaths only in the Pretoria region failed to identify abortions and haemorrhages as major maternal care problems. When data for women with SAMM were combined with data for maternal deaths, however, these problems were clearly identified, and remedial action could be taken. Including SAMM in maternal death audits increases the rapidity with which health system problems can be identified.
Municipal Solid Waste Management using Geographical Information System aided methods: a mini review.

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is one of the major environmental challenges in developing countries. Many efforts to reduce and recover the wastes have been made, but still land disposal of solid wastes is the most popular one. Finding an environmentally sound landfill site is a challenging task. This paper addresses a mini review on various aspects of MSWM (suitable landfill site selection, route optimization and public acceptance) using the Geographical Information System (GIS) coupled with other tools. The salient features of each of the integrated tools with GIS are discussed in this paper. It is also addressed how GIS can help in optimizing routes for collection of solid wastes from transfer stations to disposal sites to reduce the overall cost of solid waste management. A detailed approach on performing a public acceptance study of a proposed landfill site is presented in this study. The study will help municipal authorities to identify the most effective method of MSWM.
Survey of scaling platforms for Deep Neural Networks

Deep Neural Networks have become a state of the art approach in perception processing like speech recognition, image processing and natural language processing. Many state of the art benchmarks for these algorithms are using deep learning techniques. The deep neural networks in today's applications need to process very large amount of data. Different approaches have been proposed to solve scaling these algorithms. Few approach look for providing a solution over existing big data processing platform which usually runs over a large scale commodity cpu cluster. As training deep learning workload require many small computations to be done and large communication to pass the data between layers, General Purpose GPUs seems to the best platforms to train these networks. Different approaches have been proposed to scale processing on cluster of GPU servers. We have summarized various approaches used in this regard.
The effects of early aggressive rehabilitation on outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon: a randomized clinical trial.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective randomized clinical trial.


METHODS AND MEASURES
Thirty-six patients who had a primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) with a semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) autograft from a single orthopedic surgeon were prospectively randomized into 2 groups. Nineteen patients were randomized to the aggressive group (53% male, mean age 30.1 + 10.5 y) and 17 to the nonaggressive group (88% male, mean age 33.1 + 10.9 y). Impairment measures of anteroposterior (A-P) knee laxity, range of motion (ROM), and peak isometric force (PIF) values were obtained 12 wk postoperatively. Subjective response to the International Knee Documentation Committee knee form (IKDC) was collected 1, 12, and 24 wk postoperatively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences between groups at 12 wk for A-P knee laxity, ROM, and PIF. Differences between the groups for the IKDC scores were determined using 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures 1, 12, and 24 wk postoperatively. Bonferroni adjustment was used for multiple comparisons.


RESULTS
There were no differences between the groups for the baseline characteristics (P > .05). There was no difference found between the groups in respect to A-P knee laxity, ROM, or PIF at 12 wk (P > .05). Further analysis also showed no significant differences in the IKDC scores between groups at 12 or 24 wk (P > .05).


CONCLUSIONS
No differences were found between early aggressive and nonaggressive rehabilitation after an isolated ACL-R using STG autografts for the primary outcomes of A-P knee laxity and subjective IKDC score. In addition, no differences were observed for secondary outcomes between groups for differences in ROM and PIF values.
Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey

Reinforcement learning offers to robotics a framework and set of tools for the design of sophisticated and hard-to-engineer behaviors. Conversely, the challenges of robotic problems provide both inspiration, impact, and validation for developments in reinforcement learning. The relationship between disciplines has sufficient promise to be likened to that between physics and mathematics. In this article, we attempt to strengthen the links between the two research communities by providing a survey of work in reinforcement learning for behavior generation in robots. We highlight both key challenges in robot reinforcement learning as well as notable successes. We discuss how contributions tamed the complexity of the domain and study the role of algorithms, representations, and prior knowledge in achieving these successes. As a result, a particular focus of our paper lies on the choice between model-based and model-free as well as between value function-based and policy search methods. By analyzing a simple problem in some detail we demonstrate how reinforcement learning approaches may be profitably applied, and we note throughout open questions and the tremendous potential for future research. keywords: reinforcement learning, learning control, robot, survey
Translational research in medical informatics or from theory to practice. A call for an applied informatics journal.

OBJECTIVE
To bridge the divide between health informatics 'bench research' and the application of informatics in clinical and health care settings.


METHOD
Identifying weak points in translational activities, i.e. in the process from health informatics research outcomes to IT system design and information management in clinical practice.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The creation of a new peer-reviewed journal, designed to cultivate broad readership across health care, is suggested in order to communicate on informatics topics of translational interest and on the application of informatics principals. Such an applied informatics journal may appeal to practicing physicians, healthcare administrators and CIOs as well as medical informaticians. In a globalizing world with eHealth initiatives spanning across borders, such a journal should be an international effort. Close ties to the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and to the journal Methods of Information in Medicine are suggested.
Male gametic nucleus-specific H2B and H3 histones, designated gH2B and gH3, in Lilium longiflorum

Two proteins that resemble core histones and might be specific to the male gametic (generative) nucleus within the pollen of Lilium longiflorum Thumb, (originally designated p22.5 and p18.5; K. Ueda and I. Tanaka, 1994, Planta, 192, 446–452) were characterized biochemically and immunochemically. Patterns of digestion of p22.5 and p18.5 by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease closely resembled those of somatic histones H2B and H3, respectively. However, peptide fragments that were unique to p22.5 or p18.5 were also detected. Antibodies raised against these proteins did not cross-react with any somatic histones. These results indicate that p22.5 and p18.5 are different from somatic histones in terms of primary structure. Analysis of their amino-acid compositions revealed that p22.5 is a moderately lysine-rich protein while p18.5 is an arginine-rich protein. From these results, we conclude that p22.5 is a variant of histone H2B and p18.5 is a variant of histone H3. Immunofluorescence staining of pollen grains using the specific antibodies revealed that both p22.5 and p18.5 are only present in the generative cell nucleus and are not to be found in the vegetative cell nucleus. This study demonstrates that (i) specific histone variants are present in the male gametic nucleus of a higher plant, as they are in the sperm nucleus of animals, and (ii) distinct differences in histone composition exist between the nuclei of generative and vegetative cells in pollen. These novel histones (p22.5 and p18.5), specific to male gametic nuclei, have been designated gH2B and gH3, respectively.
Evaluation of VCH-759 monotherapy in hepatitis C infection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
VCH-759 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HCV RNA-dependent polymerase with sub-micromolar IC(50) values versus genotype 1a/1b replicons.


METHODS
The antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics and tolerability of VCH-759 administered as monotherapy for 10 days with a 14 day follow-up period were evaluated in 31 treatment-nai ve genotype 1 participants. Three cohorts received: 400mg thrice (t.i.d.), 800 mg twice (b.i.d.), 800 mg t.i.d or placebo.


RESULTS
VCH-759 was well tolerated with the most frequent adverse event being gastrointestinal upset in both the active and placebo groups attributable, in part, to the dosing vehicle. VCH-759 was rapidly absorbed and trough plasma levels were at or above the IC(90) (non protein-adjusted) for all dosing regimens. The mean maximal decrease in HCV RNA log(10) (IU/mL) was 1.97, 2.30 and 2.46 for 400mg t.i.d., 800 mg b.i.d. and 800 mg t.i.d. doses. Viral polymerase genotypic sequencing revealed emergence of HCV variants in a majority of participants that coincided with on-treatment viral rebound.


CONCLUSIONS
VCH-759 was well tolerated and achieved a> or =2 log(10) decline in HCV RNA with 800 mg b.i.d. and t.i.d doses. In a subset of participants, viral rebound was observed and associated with resistant variants. This data supports further evaluation of VCH-759 in combination with interferon-ribavirin treatment.
On understanding data abstraction, revisited

In 1985 Luca Cardelli and Peter Wegner, my advisor, published an ACM Computing Surveys paper called "On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism". Their work kicked off a flood of research on semantics and type theory for object-oriented programming, which continues to this day. Despite 25 years of research, there is still widespread confusion about the two forms of data abstraction, abstract data types and objects. This essay attempts to explain the differences and also why the differences matter.
Machine Learning Methods for Optical Character Recognition

Success of optical character recognition depends on a number of factors, two of which are feature extraction and classi cation algorithms. In this paper we look at the results of the application of a set of classi ers to datasets obtained through various basic feature extraction methods.
Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental condition resulting in enamel defects in first permanent molars and permanent incisors. It presents at eruption of these teeth. One to four molars, and often also the incisors, could be affected. Since first recognized, the condition has been puzzling and interpreted as a distinct phenomenon unlike other enamel disturbances. Early diagnosis is essential since, rapid breakdown of tooth structure may occur, giving rise to acute symptoms and complicated treatment. The purpose of this article is to review MIH and illustrate its diagnosis and clinical management in young children. How to cite this article: Garg N, Jain AK, Saha S, Singh J. Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):190-196.
Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing : Do Effects Vary Across Violent , Property , and Drug Offenses ?

Objective. Many studies find that females benefit from their gender in sentencing decisions. Few researchers, however, address whether the gender-sentencing association might be stronger for some crimes, such as minor nonviolent offending, and weaker for other offenses, such as serious violent crime. Method. Using a large random sample of convicted offenders in Texas drawn from a statewide project on sentencing practices mandated by the 73rd Texas Legislature, logistic regression and OLS regression analyses of likelihood of imprisonment and prison length illustrate the importance of looking at sentencing outcomes not only in terms of gender but also in terms of crime type. Results. Specifically, we find that the effect of gender on sentencing does vary by crime type, but not in a consistent or predicted fashion. For both property and drug offending, females are less likely to be sentenced to prison and also receive shorter sentences if they are sentenced to prison. For violent offending, however, females are no less likely than males to receive prison time, but for those who do, females receive substantially shorter sentences than males. Conclusions. We conclude that such variation in the gender-sentencing association across crime type is largely due to features of Texas’ legal code that channel the level of discretion available to judges depending on crime type and whether incarceration likelihood or sentence length is examined.
Efficacy of Combination of Meloxicam and Pregabalin for Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis

PURPOSE
Osteoarthritic pain is largely considered to be inflammatory pain. Sensory nerve fibers innervating the knee have been shown to be significantly damaged in rat models of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in which the subchondral bone junction is destroyed, and this induces neuropathic pain (NP). Pregabalin was developed as a pain killer for NP; however, there are no reports on pregabalin use in OA patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pregabalin for pain in OA patients.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-nine knee OA patients were evaluated in this randomized prospective study. Patients were divided into meloxicam, pregabalin, and meloxicam+pregabalin groups. Pain scores were evaluated before and 4 weeks after drug application using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Pain scales among groups were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test.


RESULTS
Before drug application, there was no significant difference in VAS and WOMAC scores among the three groups (p>0.05). Significant pain relief was seen in the meloxicam+pregabalin group in VAS at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and WOMAC score at 4 weeks, compared with the other groups (p<0.05). No significant pain relief was seen in the meloxicam only group in VAS during 4 weeks and WOMAC score at 4 weeks compared with the pregabalin only group (p>0.05).


CONCLUSION
Meloxicam+pregabalin was effective for pain in OA patients. This finding suggests that OA pain is a combination of inflammatory and NP.