LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance.

BACKGROUND
Despite massage being widely used by athletes, little scientific evidence exists to confirm the efficacy of massage for promoting both physiological and psychological recovery after exercise and massage effects on performance.


AIM
To investigate the effect of massage on perceived recovery and blood lactate removal, and also to examine massage effects on repeated boxing performance.


METHODS
Eight amateur boxers completed two performances on a boxing ergometer on two occasions in a counterbalanced design. Boxers initially completed performance 1, after which they received a massage or passive rest intervention. Each boxer then gave perceived recovery ratings before completing a second performance, which was a repeated simulation of the first. Heart rates and blood lactate and glucose levels were also assessed before, during, and after all performances.


RESULTS
A repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant group differences for either performance, although a main effect was found showing a decrement in punching force from performance 1 to performance 2 (p<0.05). A Wilcoxon matched pairs test showed that the massage intervention significantly increased perceptions of recovery (p<0.01) compared with the passive rest intervention. A doubly multivariate multiple analysis of variance showed no differences in blood lactate or glucose following massage or passive rest interventions, although the blood lactate concentration after the second performance was significantly higher following massage (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide some support for the psychological benefits of massage, but raise questions about the benefit of massage for physiological restoration and repeated sports performance.
Advice to a Young Scientist

* Introduction * How Can I Tell if I Am Cut Out to Be a Scientific Research Worker? * What Shall I Do Research On? * How Can I Equip Myself to Be a Scientist or a Better One? * Sexism and Racism in Science * Aspects of Scientific Life and Manners * Of Younger and Older Scientists * Presentations * Experiment and Discovery * Prizes and Rewards * The Scientific Process * Scientific Meliorism Versus Scientific Messianism
Deep Learning with Domain Adaptation for Accelerated Projection Reconstruction MR

PURPOSE
The radial k-space trajectory is a well-established sampling trajectory used in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging. However, the radial k-space trajectory requires a large number of radial lines for high-resolution reconstruction. Increasing the number of radial lines causes longer acquisition time, making it more difficult for routine clinical use. On the other hand, if we reduce the number of radial lines, streaking artifact patterns are unavoidable. To solve this problem, we propose a novel deep learning approach with domain adaptation to restore high-resolution MR images from under-sampled k-space data.


METHODS
The proposed deep network removes the streaking artifacts from the artifact corrupted images. To address the situation given the limited available data, we propose a domain adaptation scheme that employs a pre-trained network using a large number of X-ray computed tomography (CT) or synthesized radial MR datasets, which is then fine-tuned with only a few radial MR datasets.


RESULTS
The proposed method outperforms existing compressed sensing algorithms, such as the total variation and PR-FOCUSS methods. In addition, the calculation time is several orders of magnitude faster than the total variation and PR-FOCUSS methods. Moreover, we found that pre-training using CT or MR data from similar organ data is more important than pre-training using data from the same modality for different organ.


CONCLUSION
We demonstrate the possibility of a domain-adaptation when only a limited amount of MR data is available. The proposed method surpasses the existing compressed sensing algorithms in terms of the image quality and computation time.
General Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis

CONTENTS: The Foundations of Chemistry. Chemical Formulas and Composition Stoichiometry. Chemical Equations and Reactions Stoichiometry. Some Types of Chemical Reactions. The Structure of Atoms. Chemical Bonding. Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories. Molecular Orbitals in Chemical Bonding. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases and Salts. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions II: Calculations. Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory. Liquids and Solids. Solutions. Chemical Thermodynamics. Chemical Kinetics. Chemical Equilibrium. Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases. Ionic Equilibria II: Buffers and Titration Curves. Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle. Electrochemistry. Metals I: Metallurgy. Metals II: Properties and Reaction. Some Nonmetals and Metalloids. Co-ordination Compounds. Nuclear Chemistry. Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names and Properties. Organic Chemistry II: Molecular Geometry and Reactions. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: Metals in Qualitative Analysis. Introduction to Laboratory Work. Analysis of Cation Group I. Analysis of Cation Group II. Analysis of Cation Group III. Analysis of Cation Group IV. Analysis of Cation Group V. Ionic Equilibria in Quantitative Analysis
Assessing youth participation in AA-related helping: validity of the Service to Others in Sobriety (SOS) questionnaire in an adolescent sample.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The positive outcomes derived from participation in Alcoholics Anonymous-related helping (AAH) found among adults has spurred study of AAH among minors with addiction. AAH includes acts of good citizenship in AA, formal service positions, public outreach, and transmitting personal experience to another fellow sufferer. Addiction research with adolescents is hindered by few validated assessments of 12-step activity among minors. This study provides psychometric findings of the "Service to Others in Sobriety (SOS)" questionnaire as completed by youths.


METHODS
Multi-informant data was collected prospectively from youth self-reports, clinician-rated assessments, biomarkers, and medical chart records for youths (N = 195) after residential treatment.


RESULTS
Few youths (7%) did not participate in any AAH during treatment. Results indicated the SOS as a unidimensional scale with adequate psychometric properties, including inter-informant reliability (r = .5), internal consistency (alpha = .90), and convergent validity (rs = -.3 to .3). Programmatic AAH activities distinguished abstinent youths in a random half-sample, and replicated on the other half-sample. The SOS cut-point of 40 indicated high AAH participation.


CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
The SOS appears to be a valid measure of AAH, suggesting clinical utility for enhancing treatment and identifying service opportunities salient to sobriety.
Automatic license plate detection and recognition using OpenCV

License plate recognition (LPR) has always been one of the crucial predicaments faced due to in numerous reasons such as severe lighting conditions, complex background, unpredicted weather conditions, low light and more. This paper is to enlight the above-mentioned muddles through a model based on OpenCV for enhancing details of edge information in license plate with improved text detection and recognition methods. LPR is a cutting-edge, next-generation system with imminent technological application in almost every field of the transportation industry. Keywords— Automatic number plate recognition, OpenCV
The interacting effects of clumped seed dispersal and distance‐ and density‐dependent mortality on seedling recruitment patterns

Noelle G. Beckman*†, Claudia Neuhauser and Helene C. Muller-Landau Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota-Rochester, 300 University Square, 111 S Broadway, Rochester, MN 55904, USA; and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO, AA 34002-9948, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
Noncontact capacitive torque sensor for use on a rotating axle

Abstruct-The measurement of the torque in a mechanically loaded axle is often required for automotive power-train and engine control systems. Up to the present, torque sensing has been performed by mainly using strain gauges connected to the axle with slip rings to enable the electrical contacting. Noncontact magnetic and optical techniques have also been employed. In the proposed capacitive torque sensor, two angular displacement sensors are spaced a well-defined distance apart. The rotor of each of these capacitive displacement sensors is composed of an artay of electrodes and sinewave voltages with phase angles in the sequence O " , 90", 180", 270" applied to it. These voltages are capacitively coupled from the stator to the rotor. The stator is also equipped with a readout electrode. The phase angle of the sinewave on this readout electrode is proportional to the rotor-to-stator electrode overlapping and, thus proportional to the angular position. The phase difference between the output signals of the two angular displacement transducers is a direct measure of the twist angle and, thus of the torque in the axle. The sensor enables the noncontact torque measurement bn a IO-mm diameter steel axle in the 0-100 Nm range.
Silymarin protects liver against toxic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in experimental animals

BACKGROUND
The first line anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) continues to be the effective drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, however, the use of these drugs is associated with toxic reactions in tissues, particularly in the liver, leading to hepatitis. Silymarin, a standard plant extract with strong antioxidant activity obtained from S. marianum, is known to be an effective agent for liver protection and liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective actions of silymarin against hepatotoxicity caused by different combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs.


METHODS
Male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g were used to form 6 study groups, each group consisting of 10 rats. Animals were treated with intra-peritoneal injection of isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg); and intra-gastric administration of pyrazinamid (350 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg). Hepatotoxicity was induced by a combination of drugs with INH+RIF and INH+RIF+PZA. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin was investigated by co-administration of silymarin together with the drugs. Serum biochemical tests for liver functions and histopathological examination of livers were carried out to demonstrate the protection of liver against anti-tuberculosis drugs by silymarin.


RESULTS
Treatment of rats with INH+RIF or INH+RIF+PZA induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by biochemical measurements: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and the levels of total bilirubin were elevated, and the levels of albumin and total protein were decreased in drugs-treated animals. Histopathological changes were also observed in livers of animals that received drugs. Simultaneous administration of silymarin significantly decreased the biochemical and histological changes induced by the drugs.


CONCLUSION
The active components of silymarin had protective effects against hepatotoxic actions of drugs used in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis in animal models. Since no significant toxicity of silymarin is reported in human studies, this plant extract can be used as a dietary supplement by patients taking anti-tuberculosis medications.
Embryology : constructing the organism

Primitive multicellular organisms radiate animal phyla bilateral animal phyla - acoelomates and pseudocoelomates bilateral animal phyla - protostome coelmates bilateral animal phyla - deuterstome coelomates plants.
Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks : A Survey 1 st

In recent years, the applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have grown enormously. In WSNs there is one mechanism used to enlarge the lifespan of network and provide more efficient functioning procedures that is clustering. Clustering is a process to subdivide the sensing field of sensor network into number of clusters. Each cluster selects a leader called cluster head. A cluster head may be elected by the sensor node in the cluster or pre assigned by the network designer. Optimized Clustering can save lot of energy in the network. In our paper we have surveyed various clustering protocols for wireless sensor networks and compared on various parameters like cluster count, cluster size, cluster density, message count, node deployment, heterogeneity of nodes, location awareness and cluster head selection process etc.
Experiential Learning Theory: A Dynamic, Holistic Approach to Management Learning, Education and Development

Experiential learning theory (ELT) has been widely used in management learning research and practice for over thirty-five years. Building on the foundational works of Kurt Lewin, John Dewey and others, experiential learning theory offers a dynamic theory based on a learning cycle driven by the resolution of the dual dialectics of action/reflection and experience/abstraction. These two dimensions define a holistic learning space wherein learning transactions take place between individuals and the environment. The learning space is multi-level and can describe learning and development in commensurate ways at the level of the individual, the group, and the organization. This approach is illustrated by reviewing current research on individual learning styles and managerial problem solving/decision making, the process of team learning and organizational learning. We describe how ELT can serve as a useful framework to design and implement management education programs in higher education and management training and development.
A Processing Model for Free Word Order Languages

Like many verb-final languages, German displays considerable word-order freedom: there is no syntactic constraint on the ordering of the nominal arguments of a verb, as long as the verb remains in final position. This effect is referred to as “scrambling”, and is interpreted in transformational frameworks as leftward movement of the arguments. Furthermore, arguments from an embedded clause may move out of their clause; this effect is referred to as “long-distance scrambling”. While scrambling has recently received considerable attention in the syntactic literature, the status of long-distance scrambling has only rarely been addressed. The reason for this is the problematic status of the data: not only is long-distance scrambling highly dependent on pragmatic context, it also is strongly subject to degradation due to processing constraints. As in the case of center-embedding, it is not immediately clear whether to assume that observed unacceptability of highly complex sentences is due to grammatical restrictions, or whether we should assume that the competence grammar does not place any restrictions on scrambling (and that, therefore, all such sentences are in fact grammatical), and the unacceptability of some (or most) of the grammatically possible word orders is due to processing limitations. In this paper, we will argue for the second view by presenting a processing model for German. Comments University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-95-13. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/127
Mokken scale analysis of mental health and well-being questionnaire item responses: a non-parametric IRT method in empirical research for applied health researchers

BACKGROUND
Mokken scaling techniques are a useful tool for researchers who wish to construct unidimensional tests or use questionnaires that comprise multiple binary or polytomous items. The stochastic cumulative scaling model offered by this approach is ideally suited when the intention is to score an underlying latent trait by simple addition of the item response values. In our experience, the Mokken model appears to be less well-known than for example the (related) Rasch model, but is seeing increasing use in contemporary clinical research and public health. Mokken's method is a generalisation of Guttman scaling that can assist in the determination of the dimensionality of tests or scales, and enables consideration of reliability, without reliance on Cronbach's alpha. This paper provides a practical guide to the application and interpretation of this non-parametric item response theory method in empirical research with health and well-being questionnaires.


METHODS
Scalability of data from 1) a cross-sectional health survey (the Scottish Health Education Population Survey) and 2) a general population birth cohort study (the National Child Development Study) illustrate the method and modeling steps for dichotomous and polytomous items respectively. The questionnaire data analyzed comprise responses to the 12 item General Health Questionnaire, under the binary recoding recommended for screening applications, and the ordinal/polytomous responses to the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
After an initial analysis example in which we select items by phrasing (six positive versus six negatively worded items) we show that all items from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)--when binary scored--were scalable according to the double monotonicity model, in two short scales comprising six items each (Bech's "well-being" and "distress" clinical scales). An illustration of ordinal item analysis confirmed that all 14 positively worded items of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) met criteria for the monotone homogeneity model but four items violated double monotonicity with respect to a single underlying dimension.Software availability and commands used to specify unidimensionality and reliability analysis and graphical displays for diagnosing monotone homogeneity and double monotonicity are discussed, with an emphasis on current implementations in freeware.
Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: cognitive performance after weight recovery.

OBJECTIVE
Although there is no definitive consensus on the impairment of neuropsychological functions, most studies of adults with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) find impaired functioning in cognitive domains such as visual-spatial abilities. The objective of this study is to assess the cognitive functions in adolescents with AN before and after weight recovery and to explore the relationship between cognitive performance and menstruation.


METHODS
Twenty-five female adolescents with AN were assessed by a neuropsychological battery while underweight and then following six months of treatment and weight recovery. Twenty-six healthy female subjects of a similar age were also evaluated at both time points.


RESULTS
Underweight patients with AN showed worse cognitive performance than control subjects in immediate recall, organization and time taken to copy the Rey's Complex Figure Test (RCFT). After weight recovery, AN patients presented significant improvements in all tests, and differences between patients and controls disappeared. Patients with AN and persistence of amenorrhea at follow-up (n=8) performed worse on Block Design, delayed recall of Visual Reproduction and Stroop Test than patients with resumed menstruation (n=14) and the control group, though the two AN groups were similar in body mass index, age and psychopathological scale scores.


CONCLUSION
Weight recovery improves cognitive functioning in adolescents with AN. The normalization of neuropsychological performance is better in patients who have recovered at least one menstrual cycle. The normalization of hormonal function seems to be essential for the normalization of cognitive performance, even in adolescents with a very short recovery time.
An empirical evaluation of information metrics for low-rate and high-rate DDoS attack detection

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks represent a major threat to uninterrupted and efficient Internet service. In this paper, we empirically evaluate several major information metrics, namely, Hartley entropy, Shannon entropy, Renyi’s entropy, generalized entropy, Kullback–Leibler divergence and generalized information distance measure in their ability to detect both low-rate and high-rate DDoS attacks. These metrics can be used to describe characteristics of network traffic data and an appropriate metric facilitates building an effective model to detect both low-rate and high-rate DDoS attacks. We use MIT Lincoln Laboratory, CAIDA and TUIDS DDoS datasets to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of each metric for DDoS detection. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Scrum Software Development Process for Small Teams

Why Scrum? As members of the Software Technology Group, our group is responsible for introducing new technologies and processes into our organization at AG Communication Systems in Phoenix, Arizona. We research new approaches and sponsor their introduction and growth. We also conduct development project checkups for ongoing projects and postmortems for completed ones. In our periodic postmortems and checkups, we noticed some recurring problems for our New Business Opportunity (NBO) projects. Figure 1 lists some comments arising from projects at our organization that faced significant challenges. In the new telecommunications market where our company operates, change is overwhelming. Software developers have always complained about changing requirements, but in traditional approaches they assumed they would understand the requirements before moving on to the next phase. In the current environment, however, project requirements might be unclear or unknown even as the project gets underway. Indeed, the market might not be defined—it might even be that no one clearly understands the product under development. Most development teams respond with, “Make the chaos go away! Give us better requirements!” Unfortunately or not, chaos is the reality in this new business environfocus
Lectures on Superconformal Quantum Mechanics and Multi-Black Hole Moduli Spaces

This contribution to the proceedings of the 1999 NATO ASI on Quantum Geometry at Akureyri, Iceland, is based on notes of lectures given by A. Strominger. Topics include N-particle conformal quantum mechanics, extended superconformal quantum mechanics and multi-black hole moduli spaces.
Preference Analyses of Residential Appliances in Demand Response: A Novel Perspective Based on Behavioral Economics

Although considerable of literature on residential demand response strategy takes user satisfaction into account, we argue that those researches cannot accurately reflect user satisfaction because they do not theoretically analyze the user's decision-making process from a cost-benefit perspective. In order to precisely characterize the user satisfaction of electricity consumption, this paper proposes a utility function (in an economic sense)-based approach for sophisticatedly formulating user satisfaction. Additionally, behavioral economics is introduced to describe user's decision-making process in demand response, and a washer dryer and a PEV are taken as examples. Since the proposed method can provide a theoretically practical analytical framework which indeed and elaborately takes human factors into consideration, user enthusiasm for demand response can be ensured and the effectiveness of the demand response strategy can be more easily realized.