LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing?

Background: Research ethics involve requirements on daily work, the protection of dignity of subjects and the publication of the information in the research. However, when nurses participate in research they have to cope with three value systems; society; nursing and science which may be in conflict with the values of subjects, communities, and societies and create tensions and dilemmas in nursing. Method and material: Using the Medline and the Nursing Cinahl data base, the most important ethical issues which appear in bibliography, will be addressed. After a short description of the nature of nursing, and the advocacy role of nurses, the writer will attempt to highlight the possible conflicts that nurses have to deal with, when undertaking or participating in research. Results: The major ethical issues in conducting research are: a) Informed consent, b) BeneficenceDo not harm c) Respect for anonymity and confidentiality d) Respect for privacy. However, both the nature of nursing which focuses on caring, preventing harm and protecting dignity and the advocates role of nurses which calls for defending the rights of subjects, are sometimes incongruent with the ethics in research. Conclusions: Ethical issues, conflicting values, and ambiguity in decision making, are recurrently emerging from literature review on nursing research. Because of lack of clarity in ethical standards, nurses must develop an awareness of these issues and an effective framework to deal with problems involving human rights.
Analysis of Error in Depth Perception with Vergence and Spatially Varying Sensing

In stereo vision the depth of a 3-D point is estimated based based and feature-based techniques. Area-based methods on the position of its projections on the left and right images. correspond brightness patterns in two images [14, 24]. The image plane of cameras that produces the images consists These algorithms have several drawbacks which are of discrete pixels. This discretization of images generates uncerpointed out in [12, 18]. Feature-based methods match featainty in estimation of the depth at each 3-D point. In this tures such as edges [3, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21], and linear edge paper, we investigate the effect of vergence and spatially varysegments [1, 23]. Finally, the depth of each point is obtained ing resolution on the depth estimation error. First, vergence is using triangulation. studied when pairs of stereo images with uniform resolution Cameras have an image plane which consists of a number are used. Then the problem is studied for a stereo system similar of discrete picture elements (pixels). In general, these pixto that of humans, in which cameras have high resolution in els are uniformly arranged in a two-dimensional array acthe center and nonlinearly decreasing resolution toward the periphery. In this paper we are only concerned with error in cording to certain industrial standards. The projection of depth perception, assuming that stereo matching is already each 3-D point in the scene is approximated to the nearest done.  1996 Academic Press, Inc. pixel—the resulting error is referred to as discretization
Experimental Investigations on Nanoclay ( Cloisite-15 A ) Modified Bitumen

This study investigated the influence of Cloisite-15A nanoclay on the physical, performance, and mechanical properties of bitumen binder. Cloisite-15A was blended in the bitumen in variegated percentages from 1% to 9% with increment of 2%. The blended bitumen was characterized using penetration, softening point, and dynamic viscosity using rotational viscometer, and compared with unmodified bitumen equally penetration grade 60/70. The rheological parameters were investigated using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and mechanical properties were investigated by using Marshall Stability test. The results indicated an increase in softening point, dynamic viscosity and decrease in binder penetration. Rheological properties of bitumen increase complex modulus, decrease phase angle and improve rutting resistances as well. There was significant improvement in Marshall Stability, rather marginal improvement in flow value. The best improvement in the modified binder was obtained with 5% Cloisite-15A nanoclay. Keywords—Cloisite-15A, complex shear modulus, phase angle, rutting resistance.
Learning Math 1 Running head: LEARNING MATH WITH MANIPULATIVES Learning Math with Manipulatives

A standard set of variables is extracted from a set of studies with different perspectives and different findings involving learning aids in the classroom. The variables are then used to analyze the studies in order to draw conclusions about learning aids in general and manipulatives in particular.
Pure jump L evy processes for asset price modelling H

The goal of the paper is to show that some types of L evy processes such as the hyperbolic motion and the CGMY are particularly suitable for asset price modelling and option pricing. We wish to review some fundamental mathematic properties of L evy distributions, such as the one of infinite divisibility, and how they translate observed features of asset price returns. We explain how these processes are related to Brownian motion, the central process in finance, through stochastic time changes which can in turn be interpreted as a measure of the economic activity. Lastly, we focus on two particular classes of pure jump L evy processes, the generalized hyperbolic model and the CGMY models, and report on the goodness of fit obtained both on stock prices and option prices. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JEL classification: G12; G13
Migration and trade: Theory with an application to the Eastern-Western European integration

The remarkable increase in trade flows and in migratory flows of highly educated people are two important features of globalization of the last decades. This paper extends a two-country model of interand intraindustry trade to a rich environment featuring technological differences, skill differences and the possibility of international labor mobility. The model is used to explain the patterns of trade and migration as countries remove barriers to trade and to labor mobility. We calibrate the model to match the features of the Western and Eastern European members of the EU and analyze first the effects of the trade liberalization which occurred between 1989 and 2004, and then the gains and losses from migration which would occur if barriers to labor mobility are reduced. The lower barriers to migration result in significant migration of skilled workers from Eastern European countries. Interestingly, this would not only benefit the migrants and most Western European workers but, via trade, it would also benefit the workers remaining in Eastern Europe.
Data preprocessing for decametre wavelength exoplanet detection: An example of cyclostationary RFI detector

The relatively high contrast between planetary and solar low-frequency radio emissions suggest that the low-frequency radio range may be well adapted to the direct detection of exoplanets. Detection is based on temporal and spectral power integration to remove statistical fluctuations of the sky background noise. However, strong limitations, in particular due to radio frequency interference (RFI), may impair such detection. Indeed, if not detected, a RFI may be interpreted as an exoplanet signal or may conceal it. After a short summary of the detection principle in radio astronomy, we describe the algorithms proposed to remove RFI. First method, designed for rather strong RFI, is based on power threshold detection. The second one is based on the cyclostationary properties of amplitude modulation RFI. The main advantages of the latter are the detection of 1) weak RFI, 2) without confusion with potential signal. The statistics of this RFI detector are derived as a function of the integration time and the interference to noise ratio.
How Far are We from Solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment Problem? (and a Dataset of 230,000 3D Facial Landmarks)

This paper investigates how far a very deep neural network is from attaining close to saturating performance on existing 2D and 3D face alignment datasets. To this end, we make the following 5 contributions: (a) we construct, for the first time, a very strong baseline by combining a state-of-the-art architecture for landmark localization with a state-of-the-art residual block, train it on a very large yet synthetically expanded 2D facial landmark dataset and finally evaluate it on all other 2D facial landmark datasets. (b)We create a guided by 2D landmarks network which converts 2D landmark annotations to 3D and unifies all existing datasets, leading to the creation of LS3D-W, the largest and most challenging 3D facial landmark dataset to date (~230,000 images). (c) Following that, we train a neural network for 3D face alignment and evaluate it on the newly introduced LS3D-W. (d) We further look into the effect of all “traditional” factors affecting face alignment performance like large pose, initialization and resolution, and introduce a “new” one, namely the size of the network. (e) We show that both 2D and 3D face alignment networks achieve performance of remarkable accuracy which is probably close to saturating the datasets used. Training and testing code as well as the dataset can be downloaded from https://www.adrianbulat.com/face-alignment/
Foreign Competition and Wage Inequality

I argue that increased foreign competition can affect technical choice and skill differentials even when actual imports do not rise significantly. I present a model of General Oligopolistic Equilibrium ("GOLE") in which a reduction in import barriers (whether technological or policy-imposed) encourages more strategic investment by incumbent firms. The predictions accord with many of the stylised facts: higher skill premia; higher ratios of skilled to unskilled workers employed in all sectors and throughout the economy; little change in import volumes or prices; and rapid technological progress with rather little change in total factor productivity. JEL: F16, J31, F12
Probiotics-Gut-Brain Axis : A 3-Way Street for Controlling Signals of the Current Health Problems

Important current diseases manifest to cover metabolic diseases, respiratory allergies, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, genital infections, certain neurological disorders, autoimmune disorders, and musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. Patients with these diseases have been known to respond favorably to a treatment method of increasing dosages of composite selective probiotics, (probiotics and paraprobiotics) and probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) supplements. PCFs such as of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria benefit the GI system and have shown substantial local immune enhancing benefits. These treatment methods have demonstrated positive results in 85.5% of cases of chronic tonsillitis and 90% in maxilloethmoidal sinusitis. Consistent amounts of probiotics have been quantified for therapeutic microbial activities on a broad spectrum of pathogenic Candida species in otolaryngology and genital organs, respectively. The combined effects of this article enable selective probiotics and their derivatives as valuable tools for clinical employment in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of significant current diseases.
Plasmon coupling in vertical split-ring resonator metamolecules

The past decade has seen a number of interesting designs proposed and implemented to generate artificial magnetism at optical frequencies using plasmonic metamaterials, but owing to the planar configurations of typically fabricated metamolecules that make up the metamaterials, the magnetic response is mainly driven by the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave. We recently fabricated vertical split-ring resonators (VSRRs) which behave as magnetic metamolecules sensitive to both incident electric and magnetic fields with stronger induced magnetic dipole moment upon excitation in comparison to planar SRRs. The fabrication technique enabled us to study the plasmon coupling between VSRRs that stand up side by side where the coupling strength can be precisely controlled by varying the gap in between. The resulting wide tuning range of these resonance modes offers the possibility of developing frequency selective functional devices such as sensors and filters based on plasmon coupling with high sensitivity.
Java Web Start based software for automated quantitative nuclear analysis of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia

BACKGROUND
Androgen acts via androgen receptor (AR) and accurate measurement of the levels of AR protein expression is critical for prostate research. The expression of AR in paired specimens of benign prostate and prostate cancer from 20 African and 20 Caucasian Americans was compared to demonstrate an application of this system.


METHODS
A set of 200 immunopositive and 200 immunonegative nuclei were collected from the images using a macro developed in Image Pro Plus. Linear Discriminant and Logistic Regression analyses were performed on the data to generate classification coefficients. Classification coefficients render the automated image analysis software independent of the type of immunostaining or image acquisition system used. The image analysis software performs local segmentation and uses nuclear shape and size to detect prostatic epithelial nuclei. AR expression is described by (a) percentage of immunopositive nuclei; (b) percentage of immunopositive nuclear area; and (c) intensity of AR expression among immunopositive nuclei or areas.


RESULTS
The percent positive nuclei and percent nuclear area were similar by race in both benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. In prostate cancer epithelial nuclei, African Americans exhibited 38% higher levels of AR immunostaining than Caucasian Americans (two sided Student's t-tests; P < 0.05). Intensity of AR immunostaining was similar between races in benign prostate.


CONCLUSION
The differences measured in the intensity of AR expression in prostate cancer were consistent with previous studies. Classification coefficients are required due to non-standardized immunostaining and image collection methods across medical institutions and research laboratories and helps customize the software for the specimen under study. The availability of a free, automated system creates new opportunities for testing, evaluation and use of this image analysis system by many research groups who study nuclear protein expression.
Protocol for a randomized controlled dismantling study of a brief telephonic psychological intervention applied to non-professional caregivers with symptoms of depression

BACKGROUND
Although depression is a common problem in caregivers and there are effective cognitive-behavioral interventions for its prevention, the ability of caregivers to attend these treatments is often limited by logistics. Furthermore, the efficacy of the components of these interventions is unknown. The objectives of this study are to (a) evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent depression with all its components (cognitive and behavioral) and only with behavioral activation, and to (b) analyze the mediators of the change in depressive symptoms.


METHODS/DESIGN
A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to dismantle the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms will be randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral intervention, an intervention with only the behavioral activation component, or a usual care control group. Each condition will consist of approximately 60 participants. The two interventions will consist of five sessions lasting 90 min each, applied to groups of about 5 participants at a time via conference call. Trained interviewers, blind to the experimental conditions, will conduct the assessments at the pre-treatment, post-treatment and 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups.


DISCUSSION
This study will provide evidence of the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent depression in caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms administered via conference call, and on the impact of the behavioral activation component on the overall efficacy of the program. If we find favorable results, it would mean that we have developed a program of prevention of depression of higher clinical utility and efficacy than those currently available, which would make it possible for a large number of caregivers to have access to such resources.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02292394. Registered 6 November 2014.
Anxiolytic medication use is not associated with anxiety level and does not reduce complications after acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine the association of anxiety level and anxiolytic medication use with in-hospital complications in patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).


BACKGROUND
There are conflicting data about the protective effect of anxiolytic medication used in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Examination of the interaction of anxiolytic medication and anxiety level may explain these disparate results.


DESIGN
This was a secondary analysis of existing data from a multisite, prospective study of the impact of anxiety on in-hospital complications in patients with AMI.


METHODS
Patients were primarily men, Caucasians, with Killip class 1 or 2, from the USA and Australia (n = 156). Anxiety level in the emergency department and intensive care unit and in-hospital complications were collected using self-report measures and medical record review. Logistic regression analyses examined whether the use of anxiolytic medication influenced the relationship between anxiety and in-hospital complications after controlling for demographic and clinical covariates.


RESULTS
In the ED, 31% of participants were very or extremely anxious; anxiolytic medication was given to only 5%. In the intensive care unit, nearly half of participants received anxiolytic medication. There was no association between anxiety level and use of anxiolytic medication. Anxiety was an independent predictor of the probability of in-hospital complications. The administration of anxiolytic medication did not alter the relationship between anxiety and in-hospital complications.


CONCLUSION
Use of anxiolytics in patients with AMI was not associated with anxiety level and did not reduce the probability of in-hospital complications.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Clinicians need to regularly assess anxiety and treat it appropriately. Regular anxiety assessment may promote appropriate use of anxiolytic medication. Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with an AMI should address anxiety assessment and appropriate use of anxiolytic medication to improve patients' outcomes.
Nurse turnover: the mediating role of burnout.

AIM
This study tested whether the mediation model of burnout could predict nurses' turnover intentions.


BACKGROUND
A better understanding of what factors support a commitment to a nursing career could inform both policies and workplace practices. The mediation model of burnout provides a way of linking the quality of a nurse's worklife to various outcomes, such as turnover.


METHOD
Data on areas of worklife, burnout, and turnover intentions were collected by surveying 667 Canadian nurses in the Atlantic Provinces.


RESULTS
The findings supported the mediation model of burnout, in which areas of worklife predicted burnout, which in turn predicted turnover intentions. Cynicism was the key burnout dimension for turnover, and the most critical areas of worklife were value conflicts and inadequate rewards.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study provide some new insights into how the intention of nurses to leave their job is related to particular aspects of their worklife and to burnout.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
These results suggest what may be the most appropriate areas to target for interventions to reduce the risk of nurses exiting early from their chosen career.
Direct comparison of rest and adenosine stress myocardial perfusion CT with rest and stress SPECT.

INTRODUCTION
We have recently described a technique for assessing myocardial perfusion using adenosine-mediated stress imaging (CTP) with dual source computed tomography. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) is a widely utilized and extensively validated method for assessing myocardial perfusion. The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement between CTP and SPECT-MPI at rest and under stress on a per-segment, per-vessel, and per-patient basis.


METHODS
Forty-seven consecutive patients underwent CTP and SPECT-MPI. Perfusion images were interpreted using the 17 segment AHA model and were scored on a 0 (normal) to 3 (abnormal) scale. Summed rest and stress scores were calculated for each vascular territory and patient by adding corresponding segmental scores.


RESULTS
On a per-segment basis (n = 799), CTP and SPECT-MPI demonstrated excellent correlation: Goodman-Kruskall gamma = .59 (P < .0001) for stress and .75 (P < .0001) for rest. On a per-vessel basis (n = 141), CTP and SPECT-MPI summed scores demonstrated good correlation: Pearson r = .56 (P < .0001) for stress and .66 (P < .0001) for rest. On a per-patient basis (n = 47), CTP and SPECT-MPI demonstrated good correlation: Pearson r = .60 (P < .0001) for stress and .76 (P < .0001) for rest.


CONCLUSIONS
CTP compares favorably with SPECT-MPI for detection, extent, and severity of myocardial perfusion defects at rest and stress.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

BACKGROUND
In the era of eculizumab, identifying patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation is challenging.


DESIGN AND METHODS
We describe the characteristics and overall survival of 211 patients transplanted for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in 83 EBMT centers from 1978 to 2007. Next, we conducted a comparison with a cohort of 402 non-transplanted patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed between 1950 and 2005 in 92 French centers. We compared the occurrence of complications (i.e. thromboembolism and aplastic anemia) using either an individual or a stratum-matching procedure.


RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 5 years, the 5-year overall survival rate ± standard error (%) was 68 ± 3 in the transplanted group (54 ± 7 in the case of thromboembolism, 69 ± 5 in the case of aplastic anemia without thromboembolism and 86 ± 6 in the case of recurrent hemolytic anemia without thromboembolism or aplastic anemia). Only thromboembolism as the indication for transplantation was associated with worse outcome (P=0.03). We identified 24 pairs of transplanted and non-transplanted patients with thromboembolism for the matched comparison, with worse overall survival for the transplanted patients (hazard ratio=10.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-78.1; P=0.007). This was confirmed by the global matching procedure (P=0.03). As regards aplastic anemia without thromboembolism, 30 pairs were identified for the matched comparison. It was not observed that transplanted patients had a significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio=4.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-18.9; P=0.06). A global matching procedure was not feasible.


CONCLUSIONS
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is probably not a suitable treatment option for life-threatening thromboembolism in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.