LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Challenges and concerns of persistent opioid use in cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION
As a result of advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, two-thirds of individuals suffering with cancer survive more than 5 years after diagnosis, resulting in a large proportion of patients with chronic cancer pain alone or associated with chronic noncancer pain. There is a paucity of literature in reference to diagnosis and management of chronic cancer pain, specifically in relation to persistent opioid use, its effectiveness, and adverse consequences. Areas covered: This review covers the prevalence of chronic cancer pain and its association with multiple comorbidities, persistent opioid use and related consequences, and challenges in managing persistent chronic cancer pain patients. In addition, discussion includes therapeutic opioid use, effectiveness of opioid therapy, assessment of risk of persistent opioid use, and guidance for responsible, persistent opioid prescribing for chronic cancer pain patients. Expert commentary: Despite extensive availability of opioids and related common adverse consequences, including the potential for escalating use, abuse, and deaths, greater awareness is needed to counteract the present atmosphere and appropriately manage patients with chronic cancer pain. Chronic cancer pain is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon with multiple comorbidities. Opioid therapy has become extremely complex with negative connotations related to escalating abuse and related deaths.
Genes and Genomes: A Changing Perspective

Part I: Molecular basis of heredity: An overview: The genetic molecules Replication, maintenance, and modification of the genome The logic and machinery of gene expression Part II: The recombinant DNA breakthrough: The tools: Enzymes The tools: Host-vector systems The means: Constructing, cloning, and selecting recombinant DNA The products: Characterizing and manipulating recombinants Part III: The molecular anatomy, expression and regulation of eukaryotic genes: The structure and regulated expression of eukaryotic genes The molecular anatomy of eukaryotic genomes Genomic rearrangements Part IV: Understanding and manipulating biological systems.
Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City: A panel study

BACKGROUND
While air pollution exposures have been linked to cardiovascular outcomes, the contribution from acute gas and particle traffic-related pollutants remains unclear. Using a panel study design with repeated measures, we examined associations between personal exposures to traffic-related air pollutants in Mexico City and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in a population of researchers aged 22 to 56 years.


METHODS
Participants were monitored for approximately 9.5 hours for eight days while operating a mobile laboratory van designed to characterize traffic pollutants while driving in traffic and "chasing" diesel buses. We examined the association between HRV parameters (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), power in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF), and the LF/HF ratio) and the 5-minute maximum (or average in the case of PM(2.5)) and 30-, 60-, and 90-minute moving averages of air pollutants (PM(2.5), O(3), CO, CO(2), NO(2), NO(x), and formaldehyde) using single- and two-pollutant linear mixed-effects models.


RESULTS
Short-term exposure to traffic-related emissions was associated with statistically significant acute changes in HRV. Gaseous pollutants - particularly ozone - were associated with reductions in time and frequency domain components (α = 0.05), while significant positive associations were observed between PM(2.5) and SDNN, HF, and LF. For ozone and formaldehyde, negative associations typically increased in magnitude and significance with increasing averaging periods. The associations for CO, CO(2), NO(2), and NO(x) were similar with statistically significant associations observed for SDNN, but not HF or LF. In contrast, PM(2.5) increased these HRV parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Results revealed an association between traffic-related PM exposures and acute changes in HRV in a middle-aged population when PM exposures were relatively low (14 μg/m(3)) and demonstrate heterogeneity in the effects of different pollutants, with declines in HRV - especially HF - with ozone and formaldehyde exposures, and increases in HRV with PM(2.5) exposure. Given that exposure to traffic-related emissions is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, understanding the mechanisms by which traffic-related emissions can cause cardiovascular disease has significant public health relevance.
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an individual psychotherapy designed specifically for the treatment for bipolar disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle abnormalities that may be responsible, in part, for the symptomatic manifestations of the illness. In our model, life events (both negative and positive) may cause disruptions in patients' social rhythms that, in turn, perturb circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles and lead to the development of bipolar symptoms. Administered in concert with medications, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy combines the basic principles of interpersonal psychotherapy with behavioral techniques to help patients regularize their daily routines, diminish interpersonal problems, and adhere to medication regimens. It modulates both biological and psychosocial factors to mitigate patients' circadian and sleep-wake cycle vulnerabilities, improve overall functioning, and better manage the potential chaos of bipolar disorder symptomatology.
Pharmacist intervention program to enhance hypertension control: a randomised controlled trial

Objective Studies have demonstrated that hypertension remains inadequately managed throughout the world, with lack of adherence to BP-lowering medication being a major factor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if a pharmaceutical care program could improve antihypertensive medication adherence and blood pressure control. Setting This study was conducted in a secondary care hypertension/dyslipidemia outpatient clinic in the university teaching hospital of Cova da Beira Hospital Centre, Covilhã, located in the Eastern Central Region of Portugal. Method This report evaluates the pharmacist’s interventions during a prospective randomised controlled trial, from July 2009 to June 2010. Patients with diagnosis of essential hypertension attending the clinic for routine follow-up were randomly allocated either to a control group (no pharmaceutical care) or to an intervention group (quarterly follow-up by a hospital pharmacist during a 9-month period). The pharmacist interventions, aimed to increase medication adherence and blood pressure control, involved educational interventions and counselling tips directed to the patient. Main outcome measure Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure control (according to JNC 7 guidelines) assessed at the baseline visit and at the end of pharmaceutical care were the main outcome measures. Blood pressure measurements were performed by blinded nurses. Medication adherence was also evaluated, using a validated questionnaire at baseline and at the end of investigation. Results A total of 197 hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to the study (99 in the control group and 98 in the intervention group). Although there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in both groups concerning mean age, gender, body mass index, and antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, blood pressure control was higher in the intervention group (P = 0.005) at the end of the study. Significant lower systolic blood pressure (−6.8 mmHg, P = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (−2.9 mmHg, P = 0.020) levels were observed in the intervention group. Medication adherence was also significantly higher in the intervention group at the end of the study (74.5% vs. 57.6%, P = 0.012).Conclusion Pharmacist intervention can significantly improve medication adherence and blood pressure control in patients treated with antihypertensive agents.
High resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomistic calculations of grain boundaries in metals and intermetallics

Abstract A review of grain boundary studies in metals and alloys using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomistic calculations is presented, with an emphasis on the relevance of the results to grain boundary structure and properties. While a number of studies on boundaries in both pure metals and alloys will be discussed, the paper will focus on symmetric tilt boundaries in aluminum and the determination of compositional ordering at grain boundaries in Ni 3 Al. The conclusions to be drawn from these comparisons will be discussed, and future prospects for joint experimental and theoretical studies will be presented.
Process Mining Put into Context

Process mining techniques help organizations discover and analyze business processes based on raw event data. The recently released "Process Mining Manifesto" presents guiding principles and challenges for process mining. Here, the authors summarize the manifesto's main points and argue that analysts should take into account the context in which events occur when analyzing processes.
Real time simulation: A novel approach in engineering education

Today, with the advent of computers and various easily accessible software packages, computer aided teaching tools have become an essential part of both classroom lectures and laboratory experiments in any kind of education curriculum. Real Time Simulation tools, as a part of Electrical Machine Drives laboratory experiments, enhance lab experience by providing students with the opportunity to judge the performance of Electrical Machines in real time situations. This interactive learning environment, consisting of simulations, demonstrations and exercises, can fulfill the role of a bridge from passive learning to active engagement and thus stimulate deeper thinking; grounding a problem based-learning environment. The applications are also very important for relating theory to practice, so that the students can develop engineering judgment and understand how process behavior can be captured using real time simulations. Due to advancement of the software tools like MATLAB/SEVIULINK with its Real Time Workshop(RTW) and Real Time Windows Target (RTWT), real time simulators are used extensively in many engineering fields, such as industry, education and research institutions. As a consequence, inclusion of the real time simulation applications in academic curriculum provides great learning value to the students. A case is made to present overview of the Real Time Simulations of Electrical Machines Drives possibility of including these techniques in modern engineering educational curriculum. This paper will review the various real time simulation techniques such as Real Time Laboratory (RT Lab), Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) and Hardware in the Loop (HIL), which can be used in a modern engineering education.
Temporal constraints on Palaeoproterozoic eclogite formation and exhumation (Usagaran Orogen, Tanzania)

Alan S. Collins*, Steven M. Reddy, Craig Buchan and Abdul Mruma Tectonics SRC, Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia 2 Present Address: Tectonics SRC, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences (M004), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia Department of Geology, Dar es Salaam University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Automatic extraction of items from cheque images for payment recognition

A novel approach is proposed for the extraction of legal and courtesy amounts and date from cheque images based on the structural description of cheques. A method for the representation of cheques is presented. Several image processing techniques and algorithms have been developed in this approach. Experimental results show that the approach is effective and the proposed techniques and algorithms perform well.
Studies on the reactions of selenite ion with 1,2-dimercaptoethane or thioacetic acid

Abstract The reactions are reported between selenite and 1,2-dimercaptoethane (DME) or thioacetic acid (TAA) to form moderately stable derivatives having an enhanced absorptions in the 230–360 nm region in combining molar ratios 3:2 and 4:1, respectively. Both reactions invariably yield one product corresponding to the selenium-containing derivative of DME or TAA. The formation of products is a pH dependent process. The equilibrium constants of reactions between selenite and DME or TAA were measured.
CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION FERMENTATION PROCESS

Citric acid is the most important organic acid produced in tonnage and is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries. It is produced mainly by submerged fermentation using Aspergillus niger or Candida sp. from different sources of carbohydrates, such as molasses and starch based media. However, other fermentation techniques, e.g. solid state fermentation and surface fermentation, and alternative sources of carbon such as agroindustrial residues have been intensively studied showing great perspective to its production. This paper reviews recent developments on citric acid production by presenting a brief summary of the subject, describing microorganisms, production techniques, and substrates, etc.
Variation in quality of primary-care services in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania

OBJECTIVE
To analyse factors affecting variations in the observed quality of antenatal and sick-child care in primary-care facilities in seven African countries.


METHODS
We pooled nationally representative data from service provision assessment surveys of health facilities in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania (survey year range: 2006-2014). Based on World Health Organization protocols, we created indices of process quality for antenatal care (first visits) and for sick-child visits. We assessed national, facility, provider and patient factors that might explain variations in quality of care, using separate multilevel regression models of quality for each service.


FINDINGS
Data were available for 2594 and 11  402 observations of clinical consultations for antenatal care and sick children, respectively. Overall, health-care providers performed a mean of 62.2% (interquartile range, IQR: 50.0 to 75.0) of eight recommended antenatal care actions and 54.5% (IQR: 33.3 to 66.7) of nine sick-child care actions at observed visits. Quality of antenatal care was higher in better-staffed and -equipped facilities and lower for physicians and clinical officers than nurses. Experienced providers and those in better-managed facilities provided higher quality sick-child care, with no differences between physicians and nurses or between better- and less-equipped clinics. Private facilities outperformed public facilities. Country differences were more influential in explaining variance in quality than all other factors combined.


CONCLUSION
The quality of two essential primary-care services for women and children was weak and varied across and within the countries. Analysis of reasons for variations in quality could identify strategies for improving care.
Freedom, justice, and rationality: The basic ethical concepts of the capabilities approach

This paper shows: (i) the capabilities approach as a real freedom perspective through the connections with the ethics of Aristotle and through its eleutheronomic foundation in Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx; (ii) the contributions of the impartial spectator as open impartiality to the idea of justice; and (iii) a broader conception of rationality. Keywords: Aristotle, Smith, Kant, Marx, Rawls, Sen, freedom, justice, rationality, impartial spectator, capability, eleutheronomy, public reason, ethics.
Child physical and sexual abuse in a community sample of young adults: results from the Ontario Child Health Study.

OBJECTIVES
Exposure to child maltreatment is associated with physical, emotional, and social impairment, yet in Canada there is a paucity of community-based information about the extent of this problem and its determinants. We examined the prevalence of child physical and sexual abuse and the associations of child abuse with early contextual, family, and individual factors using a community-based sample in Ontario.


METHODS
The Ontario Child Health Study is a province-wide health survey of children aged 4 through 16 years. Conducted in 1983, a second wave was undertaken in 1987 and a third in 2000-2001. The third wave (N=1,928) included questions about exposure to physical and sexual abuse in childhood.


RESULTS
Males reported significantly more child physical abuse (33.7%), but not severe physical abuse (21.5%), than females (28.2% and 18.3%, respectively). Females reported significantly more child sexual abuse (22.1%) than males (8.3%). Growing up in an urban area, young maternal age at the time of the first child's birth, and living in poverty, predicted child physical abuse (and the severe category), and sexual abuse. Childhood psychiatric disorder was associated with child physical abuse (and the severe category), while parental adversity was associated with child sexual abuse and severe physical abuse. Siblings of those who experienced either physical abuse or sexual abuse in childhood were at increased risk for the same abuse exposure; the risk was highest for physical abuse.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight important similarities and differences in risk factors for physical and sexual abuse in childhood. Such information is useful in considering approaches to prevention and early detection of child maltreatment. Clinicians who identify physical abuse or sexual abuse in children should be alert to the need to assess whether siblings have experienced similar exposures. This has important implications for assessment of other children in the home at the time of identification with the overall goal of reducing further occurrence of abuse.
Using Deep Learning Method for Classification: A Proposed Algorithm for the ISIC 2017 Skin Lesion Classification Challenge

Skin cancer, the most common human malignancy, is primarily diagnosed visually by physicians . Classification with an automated method like CNN [2, 3] shows potential for diagnosing the skin cancer according to the medical photographs. By now, the deep convolutional neural networks can achieve the level of human dermatologist . This work is dedicated on developing a Deep Learning method for ISIC [5] 2017 Skin Lesion Detection Competition to classify the dermatology pictures, which is aiming at improving the diagnostic accuracy rate. As an result, it will improve the general level of the human health. The challenge falls into three sub-challenges, including Lesion Segmentation, Lesion Dermoscopic Feature Extraction and Lesion Classification. We focus on the Lesion Classification task. The proposed algorithm is comprised of three steps: (1) original images preprocessing, (2) modelling the processed images using CNN [2, 3] in Caffe [4] framework, (3) predicting the test images and calculating the scores that represent the likelihood of corresponding classification. The models are built on the source images are using the Caffe [4] framework. The scores in prediction step are obtained by two different models from the source images.
Investigating Time Series Visualisations to Improve the User Experience

Research on graphical perception of time series visualisations has focused on visual representation, and not on interaction. Even for visual representation, there has been limited study of the impact on users of visual encodings and the strengths and weaknesses of Cartesian and Polar coordinate systems. In order to address this research gap, we performed a comprehensive graphical perception study that measured the effectiveness of time series visualisations with different interactions, visual encodings and coordinate systems for several tasks. Our results show that, while positional and colour visual encodings were better for most tasks, area visual encoding performed better for data comparison. Most importantly, we identified that introducing interactivity within time series visualisations considerably enhances the user experience, without any loss of efficiency or accuracy. We believe that our findings can greatly improve the development of visual analytics tools using time series visualisations in a variety of domains.
A collaborative learning trial between New Zealand and Sweden-using Lotus Notes Domino in teaching the concepts of Human Computer Interaction

This paper reports the results of a collaborative learning exercise between students at Auckland Institute of Technology and Uppsala University. The exercise was conducted using both a Lotus Notes Domino&trade; collaborative database and electronic mail to support students working in remote groups to perform a common task. Issues concerning the logistics of such an exercise, student participation and evaluations of the process, ethical considerations and the quality of the learning process are discussed. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the value of Group Ware technology to support this form of collaborative learning, and suggestions are made for future developments.
Stability of standardized grass, dust mite, cat, and short ragweed allergens after mixing with mold or cockroach extracts.

BACKGROUND
Limited data are available on the immunochemical compatibilities of standardized and nonstandardized allergen extracts in immunotherapy vaccines. Extract combinations recommended in immunotherapy practice parameters are based primarily on theoretical considerations rather than on actual product compatibilities.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the stabilities of standardized grass, short ragweed, dust mite, and cat extracts after mixing with fungal and cockroach extracts at final product concentrations similar to those recommended for maintenance immunotherapy injections.


METHODS
Mixtures were prepared using individual products from multiple sources at variable glycerin concentrations and were analyzed after storage for up to 1 year at 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C. Quantitative analyses included radial immunodiffusion assays for cat Fel d 1 and short ragweed Amb a 1 and human IgE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibitions for meadow fescue grass and dust mite allergens. Immunoblot analyses provided qualitative patterns of IgE binding.


RESULTS
Meadow fescue grass allergens were unstable after mixing with fungal or cockroach extracts but were highly compatible with dust mite extracts from numerous commercial sources. Fescue and dust mite allergen recoveries varied considerably when mixed with different mold extracts. The presence of cockroach extracts reduced dust mite allergen potencies but retained moderate levels of cat and short ragweed allergen activities. In all cases examined, glycerin provided concentration-dependent improvements in allergen recoveries.


CONCLUSIONS
Several allergen extract combinations generally regarded as unstable by current practice parameters seem to possess considerable biochemical compatibilities. Use of these mixtures in immunotherapy vaccines is supported for practitioners seeking to optimize formulations, doses, and treatment regimens for their patients.