LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal investigation about issues and problems of software engineering in Turkey

Proceedings of the 14th International Business Information Management Association Conference (14th IBIMA), 23 - 24 June 2010, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 66 - 76. (Business Transformation through Innovation and Knowledge Management: An Academic Perspective, edited by Khalid S. Soliman).
Evolving better nanoparticles: Genetic algorithms for optimising cluster geometries

A review is presented of the design and application of genetic algorithms for the geometry optimisation of clusters and nanoparticles, where the interactions between atoms, ions or molecules are described by a variety of potential energy functions. A general introduction to genetic algorithms is followed by a detailed description of the genetic algorithm program that we have developed to identify the lowest energy isomers for a variety of atomic and molecular clusters. Examples are presented of its application to model Morse clusters, ionic MgO clusters and bimetallic “nanoalloy” clusters. Finally, a number of recent innovations and possible future developments are discussed.
Hypoglycemic Activity of the Extract and Fractions of Anthocleista vogelii (Planch) Stem Bark

Purpose: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the methanol extract and fractions of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark. Methods: The methanol extract of A. vogelii stem bark (ME) was subjected to gradient chromatographic separation using four solvents chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and water to afford the respective fractions CF, EF, AF and WF. ME was administered orally to normoglycemic rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg and fasting blood glucose (FBG) monitored for 6 h. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were also treated orally with ME and the various fractions (each at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), with glibenclamide (0.2 mg/kg) and normal saline (2 ml/kg) serving as standard and control, respectively. ME and the fractions were also subjected to phytochemical analysis following standard procedures. Results: The extract possessed comparable hypoglycemic effect to glibenclamide in healthy rats. The extract and its fractions also exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antidiabetic effect. ME, CF, EF, AF and WF each at 400 mg/kg, produced maximum reduction (64.10, 38.53, 36.50, 60.77 and 12.79 %, respectively) in FBG of the animals after 6 h, compared to 53.77 % for glibenclamide. Presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, proteins, fats and oils were observed in ME, EF and AF. Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, fats and oil were also detected in CF while WF showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins and proteins. Conclusion: This study establishes the antidiabetic activity of the stem bark of A. vogelii. The acetone fraction is the most active antidiabetic fraction.
Cognitive benefits of last night's sleep: daily variations in children's sleep behavior are related to working memory fluctuations.

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested substantial fluctuations of cognitive performance in adults both across and within days, but very little is known about such fluctuations in children. Children's sleep behavior might have an important influence on their daily cognitive resources, but so far this has not been investigated in terms of naturally occurring within-person variations in children's everyday lives.


METHODS
In an ambulatory assessment study, 110 elementary school children (8-11 years old) completed sleep items and working memory tasks on smartphones several times per day in school and at home for 4 weeks. Parents provided general information about the children and their sleep habits.


RESULTS
We identified substantial fluctuations in the children's daily cognitive performance, self-reported nightly sleep quality, time in bed, and daytime tiredness. All three facets were predictive of performance fluctuations in children's school and daily life. Sleep quality and time in bed were predictive of performance in the morning, and afternoon performance was related to current tiredness. The children with a lower average performance level showed a higher within-person coupling between morning performance and sleep quality.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings contribute important insights regarding a potential source of performance fluctuations in children. The effect of varying cognitive resources should be investigated further because it might impact children's daily social, emotional, and learning-related functioning. Theories about children's cognitive and educational development should consider fluctuations on micro-longitudinal scales (e.g., day-to-day) to identify possible mechanisms behind long-term changes.
Measuring Latency for Video Surveillance Systems

The increased flexibility and other benefits offered by IP network cameras makes them a common choice for installation in new and expanded surveillance networks. One commonly quoted limitation of IP cameras is their high latency when compared to their analogue counterparts. This causes some reluctance to install or upgrade to digital cameras, and is slowing the adoption of live, intelligent analysis techniques in video surveillance systems. This paper presents methods for measurement of the latency in systems based upon digital IP or analogue cameras. These methods are camera-agnostic and require no specialised hardware. We use these methods to compare a variety of camera models. The results demonstrate that whilst analogue cameras do have a lower latency, most IP cameras are within acceptable tolerances. The source of the latency within an IP camera is also analysed, with prospects for improvement identified.
Developing Pragmatic Competence in a Foreign Language

Abstract This article presents a theoretical discussion about the inclusion of explicit pragmatic instruction as a facilitative tool to develop pragmatic competence in a foreign language. Given the theoretically and empirically informed fact that this competence is generally neglected in the classroom, the rationale here presented may serve as a foundation for foreign language teachers, who face the necessity of helping learners develop pragmatic skills in the target language. Likewise, this article intends to be a prompter for classroom researchers, eager to explore the effect of pragmatic instruction, and the potential developmental stages learners undergo, through the conduction of longitudinal and cross-sectional research studies.
Endometriosis presenting as bloody pleural effusion and ascites-report of a case and review of the literature

A 34 year-old female presented with blood-stained pleural effusion and ascites. Investigation revealed a pelvic mass. She underwent exploratory laparotomy, and was found to have endometriosis. Total abdominal hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed.
Familial intergenerational and maternal aggregation patterns in nutrient intakes in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE
The current study prospectively examines the intra-uterine hypothesis by comparing maternal, paternal and grandparental lineage influences on children’s diet and also maternal–child aggregation patterns during pregnancy and early childhood.


DESIGN
Prenatal dietary information was available for expectant mothers, fathers and up to four grandparents through a detailed validated semi-quantitative FFQ. At 6-year follow-up, when children averaged 5 years of age, dietary information was re-collected for mothers and a subset of maternal grandmothers using the same FFQ. Child’s FFQ version was used for children. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables were also collected.


SETTINGS
Three-generation familial cohort representative of the contemporary Irish national population.


SUBJECTS
Children aged 5 years (n 567) and their parents and grandparents.


RESULTS
Associations for energy, macronutrient and fibre intakes were compared using Pearson’s correlations, intra-class correlations (ICC) and linear regression models, adjusted for energy and potential confounders. Significant, moderatestrength positive correlations were observed for nutrient intakes in children’s nuclear families (ICC (range)50?22–0?28). The father–child associations (r (range)5 0?13–0?20) were weaker than the mother–child associations (r (range)50?14–0?33). In general, associations were stronger for maternal postnatal intake–child intake than for maternal prenatal intake–child intake, except for percentage of energy from fat (adjusted b50?16, 95% CI 0?05, 0?26; P50?004), which was stronger for maternal prenatal intake, specifically in non-breast-fed children (adjusted b50?28, 95% CI 0?12, 0?44; P50?001). Among all grandparents, correlations were significant only for maternal grandmother–mother pairs (r (range)50?10–0?36). Significant positive ICC were observed for nutrient intakes of maternal grandmother–mother–child triads (ICC (range)50?12–0?27), not found in paternal lines.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that maternal-environment programming influences dietary intake.
Chronic microsensors for longitudinal, subsecond dopamine detection in behaving animals

Neurotransmission operates on a millisecond timescale but is changed by normal experience or neuropathology over days to months. Despite the importance of long-term neurotransmitter dynamics, no technique exists to track these changes in a subject from day to day over extended periods of time. Here we describe and characterize a microsensor that can detect the neurotransmitter dopamine with subsecond temporal resolution over months in vivo in rats and mice.
Current stretched penile length: cross-sectional study of 1040 healthy Turkish children aged 0 to 5 years.

OBJECTIVES
To update the normal stretched penile length values for children younger than 5 years of age. We also evaluated the association between penile length and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and body mass index.


METHODS
The study was performed as a cross-section study. The stretched penile lengths of 1040 white uncircumcised male infants and children 0 to 5 years of age were measured, and the mean length for each age group and the rate of increase in penile length were calculated. The correlation between penile length and weight, height, and body mass index of the children was determined by Pearson analysis.


RESULTS
The stretched penile length was 3.65 +/- 0.27 cm in full-term newborns (n = 165) and 3.95 +/- 0.35 cm in children 1 to 3 months old (n = 112), 4.26 +/- 0.40 cm in those 3.1 to 6 months old (n = 130), 4.65 +/- 0.47 cm in those 6.1 to 12 months old (n = 148), 4.82 +/- 0.44 cm in those 12.1 to 24 months old (n = 135), 5.15 +/- 0.46 cm in those 24.1 to 36 months old (n = 120), 5.58 +/- 0.47 cm in those 36.1 to 48 months old (n = 117), and 6.02 +/- 0.50 cm in those 48.1 to 60 months old (n = 113). The fastest rate of increase in penile length was seen in the first 6 months of age, with a value of 1 mm/mo. A significant correlation was found between penile length and the weight, height, and body mass index of the boys (r = 0.881, r = 0.864, and r = 0.173, respectively; P = 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The age-related values of penile length must be known to be able to determine abnormal penile sizes and to monitor treatment of underlying diseases. Our study has provided updated reference values for penile lengths for Turkish and other white boys aged 0 to 5 years.
A comparison of the effects of computer and manual reminders on compliance with a mental health clinical practice guideline.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relative effectiveness of computer and manual reminder systems on the implementation of a clinical practice guideline.


DESIGN
Seventy-eight outpatients in a mental health clinic were randomly assigned within clinician to one of the two reminder systems. The computer system, called CaseWalker, reminded clinicians when guideline-recommended screening for mood disorder was due, ensured the fidelity of the diagnosis of major depressive disorder to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), and generated a progress note. The manual system was a checklist inserted in the paper medical record.


MEASURES
Screening rates for mood disorder and the completeness of the documentation of which DSM-IV criteria were met by patients who were said to have major depressive disorder were compared.


RESULTS
The CaseWalker, compared with the paper checklist, resulted in a higher screening rate for mood disorder (86.5 vs. 61 percent, P = 0.008) and a higher rate of complete documentation of DSM-IV criteria (100 vs. 5.6 percent, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
In an outpatient mental health clinic, computer reminders were shown to be superior to manual reminders in improving adherence to a clinical practice guideline for depression.
Chronic Subordination Stress Induces Hyperphagia and Disrupts Eating Behavior in Mice Modeling Binge-Eating-Like Disorder

BACKGROUND
Eating disorders are associated with physical morbidity and appear to have causal factors like stressful life events and negative affect. Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by eating in a discrete period of time a larger than normal amount of food, a sense of lack of control over eating, and marked distress. There are still unmet needs for the identification of mechanisms regulating excessive eating, which is in part due to the lack of appropriate animal models. We developed a naturalistic murine model of subordination stress induced hyperphagia associated with the development of obesity. Here we tested the hypotheses that the eating responses of subordinate mice recapitulate the BED and that limiting hyperphagia could prevent stress-associated metabolic changes.


METHODS
Adult male mice were exposed to a model of chronic subordination stress associated with the automated acquisition of food intake and we performed a detailed meal pattern analysis. Additionally, using a pair-feeding protocol was test the hypothesis that the manifestation of obesity and the metabolic syndrome could be prevented by limiting hyperphagia.


RESULTS
The architecture of feeding of subordinate mice was disrupted during the stress protocol due to disproportionate amount of food ingested at higher rate and with shorter satiety ratio than control mice. Subordinate mice hyperphagia was further exacerbated in response to either hunger or to the acute application of a social defeat. Notably, the obese phenotype but not the fasting hyperglycemia of subordinate mice was abrogated by preventing hyperphagia in a pair feeding paradigm.


CONCLUSION
Overall these results support the validity of our chronic subordination stress to model binge eating disorder allowing for the determination of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the generation of testable predictions for innovative therapies, based on the understanding of the regulation and the control of food intake.
"Stunning" of the left atrium after spontaneous conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: demonstration by transesophageal Doppler techniques in a canine model.

OBJECTIVES
This study compared left atrial and left atrial appendage contraction velocities in sinus rhythm before and after a brief period of atrial fibrillation in a canine model.


BACKGROUND
In patients, left atrial appendage contraction velocities measured during sinus rhythm after cardioversion from atrial fibrillation are depressed relative to left atrial appendage emptying velocities measured during atrial fibrillation, suggesting that the left atrial appendage is mechanically "stunned."


METHODS
This phenomenon was studied in a canine model of acute (60 min) pacing-induced atrial fibrillation followed by spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm using epicardial and transesophageal pulsed wave Doppler. Unique features of the model include: 1) comparison of left atrial function postconversion to baseline sinus rhythm rather than to measurements during atrial fibrillation, 2) control of the duration of atrial fibrillation and 3) elimination of the extraneous influences of direct current shock and antiarrhythmic agents, which may independently depress left atrial function.


RESULTS
Hemodynamic conditions (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean right atrial pressure and mean left atrial pressure) at baseline, during 60 min of atrial fibrillation and after reversion to sinus rhythm were constant throughout the study period. Peak left atrial contraction velocities (measured from the transmitral flow velocity profile) were significantly (p < 0.02) reduced to 64+/-22% of baseline values upon spontaneous conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and recovered to basal values by 20 min after resumption of sinus rhythm. Peak left atrial appendage contraction velocities were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced to 49+/-24% of baseline values upon spontaneous conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and recovered to basal values by 40 min after reversion to sinus rhythm.


CONCLUSIONS
Even brief (60 min) periods of atrial fibrillation in normal canine hearts result in marked depression of global left atrial systolic function and regional left atrial (left atrial appendage) systolic function upon resumption of sinus rhythm. This "mechanical stunning" of left atrial systolic function appears to be more profound and of longer duration for the left atrial appendage compared with the left atrium as a whole, which may predispose the appendage to blood stasis and thrombus formation. Chronic models of atrial fibrillation need to be developed to examine the impact of longer periods of atrial fibrillation upon the magnitude and duration of postconversion left atrial "stunning."
Assessing the role of cognitive behavioral therapy in the management of chronic nonspecific back pain

PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to provide a narrative review of the current state of knowledge of the role of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the management of chronic nonspecific back pain.


METHODS
A literature search on all studies published up until July 2012 (PubMed and PsycINFO) was performed. The search string consisted of 4 steps: cognitive behavioral therapy/treatment/management/modification/intervention, chronic, back pain (MeSH term) or low back pain (MeSH term), and randomized controlled trial (MeSH term). The conclusions are based on the results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reviews of RCTs. Interventions were not required to be pure CBT interventions, but were required to include both cognitive and behavioral components.


RESULTS
The search yielded 108 studies, with 46 included in the analysis. Eligible intervention studies were categorized as CBT compared to wait-list controls/treatment as usual, physical treatments/exercise, information/education, biofeedback, operant behavioral treatment, lumbar spinal fusion surgery, and relaxation training. The results showed that CBT is a beneficial treatment for chronic back pain on a wide range of relevant variables, especially when compared to wait-list controls/treatment as usual. With regards to the other comparison treatments, results were mixed and inconclusive.


CONCLUSION
The results of this review suggest that CBT is a beneficial treatment for chronic nonspecific back pain, leading to improvements in a wide range of relevant cognitive, behavioral and physical variables. This is especially evident when CBT is compared to treatment as usual or wait-list controls, but mixed and inconclusive when compared with various other treatments. Multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary interventions that integrate CBT with other approaches may represent the future direction of management of chronic back pain, with treatments modified for specific circumstances and stakeholders. There is a need for future intervention studies to be specific in their use of cognitive behavioral elements, in order for results to be comparable.
GSR deposition along the bullet path in contact shots to composite models

In contact shots, all the materials emerging from the muzzle (combustion gases, soot, powder grains, and metals from the primer) will be driven into the depth of the entrance wound and the following sections of the bullet track. The so-called “pocket” (“powder cavity”) under the skin containing soot and gunpowder particles is regarded as a significant indicator of a contact entrance wound since one would expect that the quantity of GSR deposited along the bullet's path rapidly declines towards the exit hole. Nevertheless, experience has shown that soot, powder particles, and carboxyhemoglobin may be found not only in the initial part of the wound channel, but also far away from the entrance and even at the exit. In order to investigate the propagation of GSRs under standardized conditions, contact test shots were fired against composite models of pig skin and 25-cm-long gelatin blocks using 9-mm Luger pistol cartridges with two different primers (Sinoxid® and Sintox®). Subsequently, 1-cm-thick layers of the gelatin blocks were examined as to their primer element contents (lead, barium, and antimony as discharge residues of Sinoxid® as well as zinc and titanium from Sintox®) by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. As expected, the highest element concentrations were found in the initial parts of the bullet tracks, but also the distal sections contained detectable amounts of the respective primer elements. The same was true for amorphous soot and unburned/partly burned powder particles, which could be demonstrated even at the exit site. With the help of a high-speed motion camera it was shown that for a short time the temporary cavitation extends from the entrance to the exit thus facilitating the unlimited spread of discharge residues along the whole bullet path.
Information lifecycle management with RFID for material control on construction sites

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology in the building industry. Many researchers have demonstrated how to enhance material control or production management with RFID. However, there is a lack of integrated understanding of lifecycle management. This paper develops and demonstrates a framework to Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) with RFID for material control. The ILM framework includes key RFID checkpoints and material types to facilitate material control on construction sites. In addition, this paper presents a context-aware scenario to examine multiple on-site context and RFID parameters. From tagging nodes at the factory to reading nodes at each lifecycle stage, this paper demonstrates how to manage complex construction materials with RFID and how to construct integrated information flows at different lifecycle stages. To validate key material types and the scenario, the study reports on two on-site trials: read distance test and on-site simulation. Finally, the research provides discussion and recommended approaches to implementing ILM. The results show that the ILM framework has the potential for a variety of stakeholders to adopt RFID in the building industry. This paper provides the understanding about the effectiveness of ILM with RFID for material control, which can serve as a base for adopting other IT technologies in the building industry. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.