LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Control of a 3-phase 4-leg active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage condition

In this paper, instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP), also known as p–q theory based a new control algorithm is proposed for 3-phase -wire and 4-leg shunt active power filter (APF) to suppress harmonic currents, compensate reactive power and neutral line current and balance the oad currents under unbalanced non-linear load and non-ideal mains voltage conditions. The APF is composed from 4-leg voltage source inverter VSI) with a common DC-link capacitor and hysteresis–band PWM current controller. In order to show validity of the proposed control algorithm, ompared conventional p–q and p–q–r theory, four different cases such as ideal and unbalanced and balanced-distorted and unbalanced-distorted ains voltage conditions are considered and then simulated. All simulations are performed by using Matlab-Simulink Power System Blockset. he performance of the 4-leg APF with the proposed control algorithm is found considerably effective and adequate to compensate harmonics, eactive power and neutral current and balance load currents under all non-ideal mains voltage scenarios. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Economic Impact of Dengue Illness and the Cost-Effectiveness of Future Vaccination Programs in Singapore

BACKGROUND
Dengue illness causes 50-100 million infections worldwide and threatens 2.5 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions. Little is known about the disease burden and economic impact of dengue in higher resourced countries or the cost-effectiveness of potential dengue vaccines in such settings.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
We estimate the direct and indirect costs of dengue from hospitalized and ambulatory cases in Singapore. We consider inter alia the impacts of dengue on the economy using the human-capital and the friction cost methods. Disease burden was estimated using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and the cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine program was evaluated. The average economic impact of dengue illness in Singapore from 2000 to 2009 in constant 2010 US$ ranged between $0.85 billion and $1.15 billion, of which control costs constitute 42%-59%. Using empirically derived disability weights, we estimated an annual average disease burden of 9-14 DALYs per 100 000 habitants, making it comparable to diseases such as hepatitis B or syphilis. The proportion of symptomatic dengue cases detected by the national surveillance system was estimated to be low, and to decrease with age. Under population projections by the United Nations, the price per dose threshold for which vaccines stop being more cost-effective than the current vector control program ranged from $50 for mass vaccination requiring 3 doses and only conferring 10 years of immunity to $300 for vaccination requiring 2 doses and conferring lifetime immunity. The thresholds for these vaccine programs to not be cost-effective for Singapore were $100 and $500 per dose respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Dengue illness presents a serious economic and disease burden in Singapore. Dengue vaccines are expected to be cost-effective if reasonably low prices are adopted and will help to reduce the economic and disease burden of dengue in Singapore substantially.
CLIPS : Customized Levels of IoT Privacy and Security

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to systems that can be attached to the Internet and thus can be accessed and controlled remotely. Such devices are essential for creating ”smart things” like smart homes, smart grids, etc. IoT has achieved unprecedented success. It offers an interconnected network where devices (in the consumer space) can all communicate with each other. However, many IoT devices only add security features as an afterthought. This has been a contributing factor in many of the recently reported attacks and warnings of potential attacks such as those aimed at gaining control of autonomous cars. Many IoT devices are compact and feature limited computing resources, which often limits their ability to perform complex operations such as encryption or other security and privacy checks. With capabilities of devices in IoT varying greatly, a one-size-fits-all approach to security can prove to be inadequate. We firmly believe that safety and privacy should both be easy to use, present little inconvenience for users of non-critical systems, yet be as strong as possible to minimize breaches in critical systems. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture that caters to devicespecific security policies in IoT environments with varying levels of functionalities and criticality of services they offer. This would ensure that the best possible security profiles for IoT are enforced. We use a smart home environment to illustrate the architecture. Keywords–Internet of Things (IoT); Software Defined Networking (SDN); IoT Security.
Immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND
Urgent colonoscopy is not always the preferred initial intervention in severe lower GI bleeding because of the need for a large volume of oral bowel preparation, the time required for administering the preparation, and concern regarding adequate visualization.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding.


DESIGN
Prospective feasibility study of immediate colonoscopy after tap-water enema without oral bowel preparation, aided by water-jet pumps and mechanical suction devices in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of severe lower GI bleeding.


SETTING
Tertiary referral center.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Primary outcome measurement was the percentage of colonoscopies in which the preparation permitted satisfactory evaluation of the entire length of the colon suspected to contain the source of bleeding. Secondary outcome measurements were visualization of a definite source of bleeding, length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, rebleeding rates, and transfusion requirements.


RESULTS
Thirteen procedures were performed in 12 patients. Complete colonoscopy to the cecum was performed in 9 of 13 patients (69.2%). However, endoscopic visualization was thought to be adequate for definitive or presumptive identification of the source of bleeding in all procedures, with no colonoscopy repeated because of inadequate preparation. A definite source of bleeding was identified in 5 of 13 procedures (38.5%). The median length of ICU stay was 1.5 days; of hospital stay, 4.3 days. Recurrent bleeding during the same hospitalization, requiring repeated endoscopy, surgery, or angiotherapy, was seen in 3 of 12 patients (25%).


LIMITATIONS
Uncontrolled feasibility study of selected patients.


CONCLUSION
Immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy in patients with severe lower GI bleeding is feasible with the hydroflush technique.
Modeling User Attitude toward Controversial Topics in Online Social Media

The increasing use of social media platforms like Twitter has attracted a large number of online users to express their attitude toward certain topics. Sentiment, opinion, and action, as three essential aspects of user attitude, have been studied separately in various existing research work. Investigating them together not only brings unique challenges but can also help better understand a user’s online behavior and benefit a set of applications related to online campaign and recommender systems. In this paper, we present a computational model that estimates individual social media user’s attitude toward controversial topics in terms of the three aspects and their relationships. Our model can simultaneously capture the three aspects so as to predict action and sentiment based on one’s opinions. Experiments on multiple social media campaign datasets demonstrated that our attitude model can more effectively predict people’s sentiment, opinion and action than approaches that treat these aspects separately.
Differentially Private Billing with Rebates

A number of established and novel business models are based on fine grained billing, including pay-per-view, mobile messaging, voice calls, pay-as-you-drive insurance, smart metering for utility provision, private computing clouds and hosted services. These models apply fine-grained tariffs dependent on time-of-use or place of-use to readings to compute a bill. We extend previously proposed billing protocols to strengthen their privacy in two key ways. First, we study the monetary amount a customer should add to their bill in order to provably hide their activities, within the differential privacy framework. Second, we propose a cryptographic protocol for oblivious billing that ensures any additional expenditure, aimed at protecting privacy, can be tracked and reclaimed in the future, thus minimising its cost. Our proposals can be used together or separately and are backed by provable guarantees of security. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
Disease progression continues in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and effective subthalamic nucleus stimulation.

OBJECTIVES
Glutamate mediated excitotoxicity of the hyperactive subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to contribute to nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation of the STN (STN DBS), in its role as a highly effective treatment of severe PD motor complications, has been thought to inhibit STN hyperactivity and therefore decrease progression of PD.


METHODS
In a prospective two centre study, disease progression was determined by means of serial (18)F-fluorodopa (F-dopa) positron emission tomography (PET) in 30 patients with successful STN DBS over the first 16 (SD 6) months after surgery.


RESULTS
Depending on the method of PET data analysis used in the two centres, annual progression rates relative to baseline were 9.5-12.4% in the caudate and 10.7-12.9% in the putamen.


CONCLUSIONS
This functional imaging study is the first to demonstrate a continuous decline of dopaminergic function in patients with advanced PD under clinically effective bilateral STN stimulation. The rates of progression in patients with STN DBS were within the range of previously reported data from longitudinal imaging studies in PD. Therefore this study could not confirm the neuroprotective properties of DBS in the STN target.
Statistical quality indicators for electron-density maps

The commonly used validation metrics for the local agreement of a structure model with the observed electron density, namely the real-space R (RSR) and the real-space correlation coefficient (RSCC), are reviewed. It is argued that the primary goal of all validation techniques is to verify the accuracy of the model, since precision is an inherent property of the crystal and the data. It is demonstrated that the principal weakness of both of the above metrics is their inability to distinguish the accuracy of the model from its precision. Furthermore, neither of these metrics in their usual implementation indicate the statistical significance of the result. The statistical properties of electron-density maps are reviewed and an improved alternative likelihood-based metric is suggested. This leads naturally to a χ(2) significance test of the difference density using the real-space difference density Z score (RSZD). This is a metric purely of the local model accuracy, as required for effective model validation and structure optimization by practising crystallographers prior to submission of a structure model to the PDB. A new real-space observed density Z score (RSZO) is also proposed; this is a metric purely of the model precision, as a substitute for other precision metrics such as the B factor.
Bioactive oat β-glucan reduces LDL cholesterol in Caucasians and non-Caucasians

BACKGROUND
There is increasing global acceptance that viscous soluble fibers lower serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), but most evidence for this comes from studies in Caucasians. To see if oat β-glucan lowers LDL-C in Caucasians and non-Caucasians we conducted a post-hoc analysis of the results of a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial whose primary aim was to determine if molecular-weight (MW) influenced the LDL-C-lowering effect of oat β-glucan.


RESULTS
Caucasian and non-Caucasian subjects with LDL-C-C ≥ 3.0 and ≤ 5.0 mmol/L (n = 786 screened, n = 400 ineligible, n = 19 refused, n = 367 randomized, n = 345 completed, n = 1 excluded for missing ethnicity) were randomly assigned to consume cereal containing wheat-fiber (Control, n = 74:13 Caucasian:non-Caucasian) or 3 g high-MW (3H, 2,250,000 g/mol, n = 67:19), 4 g medium-MW (4 M, 850,000 g/mol, n = 50:17), 3 g medium-MW (3M, 530,000 g/mol, n = 54:9) or 4 g low-MW (4 L, 210,000 g/mol, n = 51:12) oat β-glucan daily for 4 weeks. LDL-C after 4 weeks was influenced by baseline LDL-C (p < 0.001) and treatment (p = 0.003), but not ethnicity (p = 0.74). In all subjects, compared to control, 3 H, 4 M and 3 M reduced LDL-C significantly by 4.8 to 6.5%, but 4 L had no effect. Compared to control, the bioactive oat β-glucan treatments (3H, 4M and 3M) reduced LDL-C by a combined mean (95% CI) of 0.18 (0.06, 0.31) mmol/L (4.8%, n = 171, p = 0.004) in Caucasians, a value not significantly different from the 0.37 (0.09, 0.65) mmol/L (10.3%, n = 45, p = 0.008) reduction in non-Caucasians.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that oat β-glucan reduces LDL-C in both Caucasians and non-Caucasians; there was insufficient power to determine if the magnitude of LDL-C-lowering differed by ethnicity.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00981981.
Breast cancer subtype approximated by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2 is associated with local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy.

PURPOSE
To determine whether breast cancer subtype is associated with outcome after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) consisting of lumpectomy and radiation therapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We studied 793 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer who received BCT from July 1998 to December 2001. Among them, 97% had pathologically negative margins of resection, and 90% received adjuvant systemic therapy. No patient received adjuvant trastuzumab. Receptor status was used to approximate subtype: estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative = luminal A; ER+ or PR+ and HER-2+ = luminal B; ER-and PR -and HER-2+ = HER-2; and ER-and PR -and HER-2-= basal. Competing risks methodology was used to analyze time to local recurrence and distant metastases.


RESULTS
Median follow-up was 70 months. The overall 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0 to 3.1); 0.8% (0.3, 2.2) for luminal A, 1.5% (0.2, 10) for luminal B, 8.4% (2.2, 30) for HER-2, and 7.1% (3.0, 16) for basal. On multivariable analysis (MVA) with luminal A as baseline, HER-2 (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 9.2; 95% CI, 1.6 to 51; P = .012) and basal (AHR = 7.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 31; P = .009) subtypes were associated with increased local recurrence. On MVA, luminal B (AHR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.5; P = .007) and basal (AHR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.2; P = .035) were associated with increased distant metastases.


CONCLUSION
Overall, the 5-year local recurrence rate after BCT was low, but varied by subtype as approximated using ER, PR, and HER-2 status. Local recurrence was particularly low for the luminal A subtype, but was less than 10% at 5 years for all subtypes. Although further follow-up is needed, these results may be useful in counseling patients about their anticipated outcome after BCT.
Probucol reduces lysophosphatidylcholines in low-density lipoprotein

Objectives: Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) comes into notice as an important atherogenic substance. Methods: Since the effect of probucol, an antioxidative lipid-lowering drug, on LPC molecular species has not been elucidated, two LPC molecular species, stearoyl LPC (SLPC) and palmitoyl LPC (PLPC), were measured in LDL using high-pressure liquid chromatography. LDL was obtained from 11 hyperlipidemic patients, including 9 diabetic patients, in comparison with 11 age- and gender-matched controls. Results and conclusion: Hyperlipidemic patients showed nearly twofold higher levels of SLPC and PLPC per gram of LDL protein than those of controls. All hyperlipidemic patients were treated with oral administration of 500 mg/day of probucol for 3 months. Both LPCs in LDL were significantly reduced to control levels and were increased again up to the pretreatment levels 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment. Therefore, probucol has a potent effect in reducing LPC and may contribute to decreasing the atherogenicity of LDL.
Telemedicine in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE
To explore a model of Internet-based integrated management of diabetes, we established a remote diabetes medical service platform (U-Healthcare) and evaluated its effectiveness and practicality.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
In total, 212 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Data from the intervention group were automatically transmitted through a glucometer; furthermore, this group received information regarding medicines, diet, exercise and other management through U-Healthcare. The control group received conventional medical treatment without any additional intervention. All patients were regularly followed up every 3 months for half a year.


RESULTS
At the 3-month follow-up, fasting plasma glucose levels of the intervention group were significantly lower than those at the baseline as well as those of the control group. Triglyceride levels of the intervention group were much lower than those at the baseline. At the 6-month follow-up, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels of the intervention group significantly improved compared with those of the control group. HbA1c levels gradually decreased every 3 months in the intervention group, and the mean change in the levels was significantly greater in this group than in the control group (from 1.27-0.68%). At the end of the study, more than 80% of the patients in the intervention group adhered to blood glucose monitoring 2-3 days per week, and their compliance degree was 72%.


CONCLUSIONS
The Internet-based U-Healthcare system of integrated management in diabetes not only achieved better glycemic control, effectively improved HbA1c levels and decreased triglyceride levels but also enhanced patients' adherence to the medical team's instructions.
On Feynman’s analysis of the geometry of Keplerian orbits

A geometrical construction, introduced by Maxwell and Feynman to demonstrate that closed Keplerian orbits are elliptical, is adapted to show that open Keplerian orbits are hyperbolic or parabolic.
Induction of HIV-1-specific mucosal immune responses following intramuscular recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 vaccination of humans.

BACKGROUND
Defining mucosal immune responses and inflammation to candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines represents a current research priority for the HIV-1 vaccine field. In particular, it is unclear whether intramuscular immunization can elicit immune responses at mucosal surfaces in humans.


METHODS
In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we evaluated systemic and mucosal immune responses to a candidate adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vectored HIV-1 envelop (Env) vaccine in baseline Ad26-seronegative and Ad26-seropositive healthy volunteers. Systematic mucosal sampling with rectal Weck-Cel sponges and rectal biopsies were performed.


RESULTS
Intramuscular immunization elicited both systemic and mucosal Env-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in the majority of subjects. Individuals with preexisting Ad26-specific neutralizing antibodies had vaccine-elicited immune responses comparable to those of subjects who were Ad26 seronegative. We also observed no increase in activated total or vector-specific mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes following vaccination by either histopathology or flow cytometry.


CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that a single intramuscular administration of this Ad26-vectored HIV-1 Env vaccine elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses in humans. Induction of antigen-specific humoral and cellular mucosal immunity was not accompanied by a detectable increase in mucosal inflammation.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT01103687.
Minimum-Energy Sub-threshold Self-Timed Circuits: Design Methodology and a Case Study

This paper addresses the design of self-timed energy-minimum circuits, operating in the sub-VT domain. The paper presents a generic implementation template using bundled-data circuitry and current sensing completion detection. To support this, a fully-decoupled latch controller has been developed, which integrates the current sensing circuitry. The paper outlines a corresponding design flow, which is based on contemporary synchronous EDA tools, and which transforms a synchronous design, into a corresponding self-timed circuit. The design flow and the current-sensing technique is validated by the implementation of an asynchronous version of a wavelet based event detector for cardiac pacemaker applications in a standard 65 nm CMOS process. The chip has been fabricated and the area overhead due to power domain separation and completion detection circuitry is 13.6%. The improvement in throughput due to asynchronous operation is 52.58%. By trading the throughput improvement, energy dissipation is reduced by 16.8% at the energy-minimum supply voltage.
Non-Invasive Prenatal Chromosomal Aneuploidy Testing - Clinical Experience: 100,000 Clinical Samples

OBJECTIVE
As the first laboratory to offer massively parallel sequencing-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidies, Sequenom Laboratories has been able to collect the largest clinical population experience data to date, including >100,000 clinical samples from all 50 U.S. states and 13 other countries. The objective of this study is to give a robust clinical picture of the current laboratory performance of the MaterniT21 PLUS LDT.


STUDY DESIGN
The study includes plasma samples collected from patients with high-risk pregnancies in our CLIA-licensed, CAP-accredited laboratory between August 2012 to June 2013. Samples were assessed for trisomies 13, 18, 21 and for the presence of chromosome Y-specific DNA. Sample data and ad hoc outcome information provided by the clinician was compiled and reviewed to determine the characteristics of this patient population, as well as estimate the assay performance in a clinical setting.


RESULTS
NIPT patients most commonly undergo testing at an average of 15 weeks, 3 days gestation; and average 35.1 years of age. The average turnaround time is 4.54 business days and an overall 1.3% not reportable rate. The positivity rate for Trisomy 21 was 1.51%, followed by 0.45% and 0.21% rate for Trisomies 18 and 13, respectively. NIPT positivity rates are similar to previous large clinical studies of aneuploidy in women of maternal age ≥ 35 undergoing amniocentesis. In this population 3519 patients had multifetal gestations (3.5%) with 2.61% yielding a positive NIPT result.


CONCLUSION
NIPT has been commercially offered for just over 2 years and the clinical use by patients and clinicians has increased significantly. The risks associated with invasive testing have been substantially reduced by providing another assessment of aneuploidy status in high-risk patients. The accuracy and NIPT assay positivity rate are as predicted by clinical validations and the test demonstrates improvement in the current standard of care.