LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
MICROSTRUCTURE , ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING DEPENDENCE OF CuO MODIFIED ( Na 0 . 52 K 0 . 48 ) NbO 3 CERAMICS

The CuO modified (Na0.52K0.48)NbO3 (NKN) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. On the one hand, CuO doping can improve the densification behavior and simultaneously promote the grain growth, however, has little effect on the Curie temperature. On the other hand, the mechanical quality factor Qm obviously increases, the dielectric loss tanδ decreases, and the piezoelectric constant d33 and the planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp tend to drop. Moreover, an obvious effect comes from the sintering conditions. The 1mol% CuO doped NKN ceramics sintered at 1090 °C for 3 h own the electrical properties: Qm = 1727, tanδ = 0.29 %, d33 = 74 pC/N, kp = 0.22 and a dielectric constant εr = 410. All these effects of CuO doping are considered to result from the liquid phase and oxygen vacancies formed during sintering.
Methodological rigour within a qualitative framework.

AIM
This paper discusses the literature on establishing rigour in research studies. It describes the methodological trinity of reliability, validity and generalization and explores some of the issues relating to establishing rigour in naturalistic inquiry.


BACKGROUND
Those working within the naturalistic paradigm have questioned the issue of using validity, reliability and generalizability to demonstrate robustness of qualitative research. Triangulation has been used to demonstrate confirmability and completeness and has been one means of ensuring acceptability across paradigms. Emerging criteria such as goodness and trustworthiness can be used to evaluate the robustness of naturalistic inquiry.


DISCUSSION
It is argued that the transference of terms across paradigms is inappropriate; however, if we reject the concepts of validity and reliability, we reject the concept of rigour. Rejection of rigour undermines acceptance of qualitative research as a systematic process that can contribute to the advancement of knowledge. Emerging criteria for demonstrating robustness in qualitative inquiry, such as authenticity, trustworthiness and goodness, need to be considered. Goodness, when not seen as a separate construct but as an integral and embedded component of the research process, should be useful in assuring quality of the entire study. Triangulation is a tried and tested means of offering completeness, particularly in mixed-method research. When multiple types of triangulation are used appropriately as the 'triangulation state of mind', they approach the concept of crystallization, which allows for infinite variety of angles of approach.


CONCLUSION
Qualitative researchers need to be explicit about how and why they choose specific legitimizing criteria in ensuring the robustness of their inquiries. A shift from a position of fundamentalism to a more pluralistic approach as a means of legitimizing naturalistic inquiry is advocated.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programme using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.


METHOD
Sixty-eight patients (37 M) with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Mean [SD], FEV1 36.1 [13.6]% pred.; FEV1/FVC 35.7 [11.2]%) were randomised into an experimental or control group and trained with a threshold loading device at intensity >30% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or <15% PImax, respectively, for 7 weeks. Thirty-nine patients (23 M) completed the study. The following measures were assessed pre- and post-IMT: PImax, sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (SNIP), diaphragm contractility (Pdi,tw), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), respiratory muscle endurance (RME), chronic respiratory disease questionnaire (CRDQ), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and the SF-36. Between-group changes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).


RESULTS
PImax and perception of well-being improved significantly post-IMT [p = 0.04 and <0.05 in four domains, respectively]. This was not reflected in SNIP [p = 0.7], Pdi,tw [p = 0.8], RME [p = 0.9] or ISWT [p = 0.5].


CONCLUSIONS
A seven-week, community-based IMT programme, with realistic use of health-care resources, improves PImax and perception of well-being but a different design may be required for improvement in other measures. Multiple tests provide a more comprehensive evaluation of changes in muscle function post-IMT.


IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
A seven-week, home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves maximal inspiratory pressure and perception of well-being in patients with moderate to severe COPD but not sniff nasal inspiratory pressure or diaphragm contractility, respiratory muscle endurance and exercise capacity. Multiple tests are recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in muscle function following inspiratory muscle training programmes. Therapists need to explore different community-based inspiratory muscle training regimes for COPD patients and identify the optimal exercise protocol that is likely to lead to improvements in diaphragm contractility and exercise capacity.
Data Quality: Some Comments on the NASA Software Defect Datasets

Background--Self-evidently empirical analyses rely upon the quality of their data. Likewise, replications rely upon accurate reporting and using the same rather than similar versions of datasets. In recent years, there has been much interest in using machine learners to classify software modules into defect-prone and not defect-prone categories. The publicly available NASA datasets have been extensively used as part of this research. Objective--This short note investigates the extent to which published analyses based on the NASA defect datasets are meaningful and comparable. Method--We analyze the five studies published in the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering since 2007 that have utilized these datasets and compare the two versions of the datasets currently in use. Results--We find important differences between the two versions of the datasets, implausible values in one dataset and generally insufficient detail documented on dataset preprocessing. Conclusions--It is recommended that researchers 1) indicate the provenance of the datasets they use, 2) report any preprocessing in sufficient detail to enable meaningful replication, and 3) invest effort in understanding the data prior to applying machine learners.
Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between depression and anxiety comorbidity on pain intensity, pain-related disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQL).


METHODS
Analysis of baseline data from the Stepped Care for Affective Disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain (SCAMP) study. All patients (n = 500) had chronic pain (>or=3-month duration) of the low back, hip, or knee. Patients with depression were oversampled for the clinical trial component of SCAMP and thus represented 50% of the study population. Patients were categorized according to pain comorbid with depression, anxiety, or both. We used analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance models to assess the relationships between independent and dependent variables.


RESULTS
Participants had a mean age of 59 years; they were 55% women, 56% White, and 40% Black. Fifty-four percent (n = 271) reported pain only, 20% (n = 98) had pain and depression, 3% (n = 15) had pain and anxiety, and 23% (n = 116) had pain, depression, and anxiety. Patients with pain and both depression and anxiety experienced the greatest pain severity (p < .0001) and pain-related disability (p < .0001). Psychiatric comorbidity was strongly associated with disability days in the past 3 months (p < .0001), with 18.1 days reported by patients with pain only, 32.2 days by those with pain and anxiety, 38.0 days by those with pain and depression, and 42.6 days in those with all three conditions. We found a similar pattern of poorer HRQL (p < .0001) in those with pain, depression, and anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
The added morbidity of depression and anxiety with chronic pain is strongly associated with more severe pain, greater disability, and poorer HRQL.
A randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care-based buprenorphine.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on outcomes in primary care, office-based buprenorphine/naloxone treatment of opioid dependence.


METHODS
We conducted a 24-week randomized clinical trial in 141 opioid-dependent patients in a primary care clinic. Patients were randomized to physician management or physician management plus cognitive behavioral therapy. Physician management was brief, manual guided, and medically focused; cognitive behavioral therapy was manual guided and provided for the first 12 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome measures were self-reported frequency of illicit opioid use and the maximum number of consecutive weeks of abstinence from illicit opioids, as documented by urine toxicology and self-report.


RESULTS
The 2 treatments had similar effectiveness with respect to reduction in the mean self-reported frequency of opioid use, from 5.3 days per week (95% confidence interval, 5.1-5.5) at baseline to 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.6) for the second half of maintenance (P<.001 for the comparisons of induction and maintenance with baseline), with no differences between the 2 groups (P=.96) or between the treatments over time (P=.44). For the maximum consecutive weeks of opioid abstinence there was a significant main effect of time (P<.001), but the interaction (P=.11) and main effect of group (P=.84) were not significant. No differences were observed on the basis of treatment assignment with respect to cocaine use or study completion.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients receiving buprenorphine/naloxone in primary care for opioid dependence, the effectiveness of physician management did not differ significantly from that of physician management plus cognitive behavioral therapy.
Determinization in Monte-Carlo Tree Search for the card game

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a class of game tree search algorithms that have recently proven success ful for deterministic games of perfect information, particu larly the game of Go. Determinization is an AI technique for making decisions in stochastic games of imperfect information by analys ing several instances of the equivalent deterministic game of p erfect information. In this paper we combine determinizati on techniques with MCTS for the popular Chinese card game Dou Di Zh u. In determinized MCTS, there is a trade-off between the number of determinizations searched and the time spent search ing each one; however, we show that this trade-off does not signi ficantly affect the performance of determinized MCTS, as long as bot h quantities are sufficiently large. We also show that the abili ty to see opponents’ hidden cards in Dou Di Zhu is a signific ant advantage, which suggests that inference techniques could pote ntially lead to much stronger play. 1
DegExt: a language-independent keyphrase extractor

In this paper, we introduce DegExt, a graph-based languageindependent keyphrase extractor,which extends the keyword extraction method described in (Litvak & Last, 2008). We compare DegExt with two state-of-the-art approaches to keyphrase extraction: GenEx (Turney, 2000) and TextRank (Mihalcea & Tarau, 2004). We evaluated DegExt on collections of benchmark summaries in two different languages: English and Hebrew. Our experiments on the English corpus show that DegExt significantly outperforms TextRank and GenEx in terms of precision and area under curve (AUC) for summaries of 15 keyphrases or more at the expense of a mostly non-significant decrease in recall and F-measure, when the extracted phrases are matched against gold standard collection. Due to DegExt’s tendency to extract bigger phrases than GenEx and TextRank, when the single extracted words are considered, DegExt outperforms them both in terms of recall and F-measure. In the Hebrew corpus, DegExt performs the same as TextRank disregarding the number of keyphrases. An additional experiment shows that DegExt applied to the TextRank representation graphs outperforms the other systems in the text classification task. For documents in both languages, DegExt surpasses both GenEx and TextRank in terms of implementation simplicity and computational complexity.
Drag and Drop: A Better Approach to CAPTCHA

A Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart is a test use to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. In simple terms CAPTCHA is a program that can generate and grade tests that most humans can pass, yet current computer programs can’t pass. They can be found as blurred or distorted random images, in free email signups, online polls or commenting on blogs; these images are difficult to recognize by computer programs but easy for most humans. They work as basic tool for preventing Denial of Service, brute force attacks and advertising spams. CAPTCHAs have evolved from simple text based to recent advancements like audio and visual tests. Text based CAPTCHAs have been broken successfully with the help of Optical Character Recognition and every approach is vulnerable against laundry attacks or redirection. The suggested approach ‘Drag and Drop CAPTCHA’ or ‘DnD’ is inclusive solution against OCR and laundry attacks. This HIP challenge uses conventional mouse events to recognize human intervention proof. If an attacker computer knows the answer of test but it can’t pass this test without human intervention. This technique can be considered as an Artificial Intelligence challenge. It creates win-win situation either this tough AI problem gets solved or DnD technique is distinction tool for human & computers. Keywords— CAPTCHA, drag and drop, Internet security, OCR, Human Intervention Proof, Artificial Intelligence
Water Optics and Water Colour Remote Sensing

The editorial paper aims to highlight the main topics investigated in the Special Issue (SI) “Water Optics and Water Colour Remote Sensing”. The outcomes of the 21 papers published in the SI are presented, along with a bibliometric analysis in the same field, namely, water optics and water colour remote sensing. This editorial summarises how the research articles of the SI approach the study of bio-optical properties of aquatic systems, the development of remote sensing algorithms, and the application of time-series satellite data for assessing long-term and temporal-spatial dynamics in inland, coastal, and oceanic waters. The SI shows the progress with a focus on: (1) bio-optical properties (three papers); (2) atmospheric correction and data uncertainties (five papers); (3) remote sensing estimation of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) (eight papers); (4) remote sensing estimation of suspended matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (four papers); and (5) water quality and water ecology remote sensing (four papers). Overall, the SI presents a variety of applications at the global scale (with case studies in Europe, Asia, South and North America, and the Antarctic), achieved with different remote sensing instruments, such as hyperspectral field and airborne sensors, ocean colour radiometry, geostationary platforms, and the multispectral Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellites. The bibliometric analysis, carried out to include research articles published from 1900 to 2016, indicates that “chlorophyll-a”, “ocean colour”, “phytoplankton”, “SeaWiFS” (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor), and “chromophoric dissolved organic matter” were the five most frequently used keywords in the field. The SI contents, along with the bibliometric analysis, clearly suggest that remote sensing of Chl-a is one of the topmost investigated subjects in the field.
Solving the Shortest Vector Problem in 2n Time Using Discrete Gaussian Sampling: Extended Abstract

We give a randomized 2n+o(n)-time and space algorithm for solving the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) on n-dimensional Euclidean lattices. This improves on the previous fastest algorithm: the deterministic ~O(4n)-time and ~O(2n)-space algorithm of Micciancio and Voulgaris (STOC 2010, SIAM J. Comp. 2013). In fact, we give a conceptually simple algorithm that solves the (in our opinion, even more interesting) problem of discrete Gaussian sampling (DGS). More specifically, we show how to sample 2n/2 vectors from the discrete Gaussian distribution at any parameter in 2n+o(n) time and space. (Prior work only solved DGS for very large parameters.) Our SVP result then follows from a natural reduction from SVP to DGS.
 In addition, we give a more refined algorithm for DGS above the so-called smoothing parameter of the lattice, which can generate 2n/2 discrete Gaussian samples in just 2n/2+o(n) time and space. Among other things, this implies a 2n/2+o(n)-time and space algorithm for 1.93-approximate decision SVP.
Beta cell function after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention

OBJECTIVE
The effects of various weight loss strategies on pancreatic beta cell function remain unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on beta cell function.


DESIGN
One year controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00273104).


METHODS
One hundred and nineteen morbidly obese participants without known diabetes from the MOBIL study (mean (s.d.) age 43.6 (10.8) years, body mass index (BMI) 45.5 (5.6) kg/m², 84 women) were allocated to RYGB (n = 64) or ILI (n = 55). The patients underwent repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and were categorised as having either normal (NGT) or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Twenty-nine normal-weight subjects with NGT (age 42.6 (8.7) years, BMI 22.6 (1.5) kg/m², 19 women) served as controls. OGTT-based indices of beta cell function were calculated.


RESULTS
One year weight reduction was 30% (8) after RYGB and 9% (10) after ILI (P < 0.001). Disposition index (DI) increased in all treatment groups (all P<0.05), although more in the surgery groups (both P < 0.001). Stimulated proinsulin-to-insulin (PI/I) ratio decreased in both surgery groups (both P < 0.001), but to a greater extent in the surgery group with AGT at baseline (P < 0.001). Post surgery, patients with NGT at baseline had higher DI and lower stimulated PI/I ratio than controls (both P < 0.027).


CONCLUSIONS
Gastric bypass surgery improved beta cell function to a significantly greater extent than ILI. Supra-physiological insulin secretion and proinsulin processing may indicate excessive beta cell function after gastric bypass surgery.
Drinking water quality in the Ethiopian section of the East African Rift Valley I--data and health aspects.

Drinking water samples were collected throughout the Ethiopian part of the Rift Valley, separated into water drawn from deep wells (deeper than 60 m), shallow wells (<60 m deep), hot springs (T>36 degrees C), springs (T<32 degrees C) and rivers. A total of 138 samples were analysed for 70 parameters (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, In, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, NO(2), NO(3), Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, SO(4), Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, temperature, pH, conductivity and alkalinity) with ion chromatography (anions), spectrometry (ICP-OES and ICP-MS, cations) and parameter-specific (e.g. titration) techniques. In terms of European water directives and WHO guidelines, 86% of all wells yield water that fails to pass the quality standards set for drinking water. The most problematic element is fluoride (F), for which 33% of all samples returned values above 1.5 mg/l and up to 11.6 mg/l. The incidence of dental and skeletal fluorosis is well documented in the Rift Valley. Another problematic element may be uranium (U)-47% of all wells yield water with concentrations above the newly suggested WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 2 microg/l. Fortunately, only 7% of the collected samples are above the 10 microg/l EU-MAC for As in drinking water.
The Influence of Polygenic Risk Scores on Heritability of Anti-CCP Level in RA

The objective of this study was to study genetic factors that influence quantitative anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody levels in RA patients. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis using 1975 anti-CCP+ RA patients from three large cohorts, the Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS), North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) and the Epidemiological Investigation of RA (EIRA). We also carried out a genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) to estimate the heritability of anti-CCP levels. GWAS-meta-analysis showed that anti-CCP levels were most strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region with a P-value of 2 × 10−11 for rs1980493. There were 112 SNPs in this region that exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold of 5 × 10−8, and all were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the HLA- DRB1*03 allele with LD r2 in the range of 0.25–0.88. Suggestive novel associations outside of the HLA region were also observed for rs8063248 (near the GP2 gene) with a P-value of 3 × 10−7. None of the known RA risk alleles (∼52 loci) were associated with anti-CCP level. Heritability analysis estimated that 44% of anti-CCP variation was attributable to genetic factors captured by GWAS variants. In summary, anti-CCP level is a heritable trait, and HLA-DR3 and GP2 are associated with lower anti-CCP levels.
Hepatotoxicity with combination of vemurafenib and ipilimumab.

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