LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A second-degree burn after MRI.

A 48-year-old Nicaraguan man underwent mag netic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 days after admission to a South Florida hospital for treatment of cellulitis of the right thigh with vancomycin. MRI had been ordered to evaluate for a possible drainable source of infection, as the clinical picture and duration of illness was worsening and longer than expected for typical uncomplicated cellulitis despite intravenous antibiotic therapy. The MRI showed multiple enlarged inguinal lymph nodes and cellulitis of the superfi cial soft tissues of the thigh without discrete drainable collections. After the procedure, the patient was noted to have a bullous lesion on each thigh, each lesion roughly 1 cm in diameter and fi lled with clear serous fl uid (Figure 1). He reported that his legs had been pressed together before entering the MRI machine and that he had felt a burning sensation in both thighs during the test. Examination confi rmed that the lesions indeed aligned with each other when he pressed his thighs together. Study of a biopsy of one of the lesions revealed subepidermal cell blisters with focal epidermal necrosis and coagulative changes in the superfi cial dermis, consistent with a thermal injury (Figure 2).
Usability measurement for speech systems : SASSI revisited

In 2000 Hone and Graham [4] published ‘Towards a tool for the subjective assessment of speech system interfaces (SASSI)’. This position paper argues that the time is right to turn the theoretical foundations established in this earlier paper into a fully validated and score-able real world tool which can be applied to the usability measurement of current speech based systems. We call for a collaborative effort to refine the current question set and then collect and share sufficient data using the revised tool to allow establishment of its psychometric properties as a valid and reliable measure of speech system usability.
Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials

BACKGROUND
As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.


METHODS
We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21,457) in early breast cancer of about 5 years of tamoxifen versus no adjuvant tamoxifen, with about 80% compliance. Recurrence and death rate ratios (RRs) were from log-rank analyses by allocated treatment.


FINDINGS
In oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (n=10,645), allocation to about 5 years of tamoxifen substantially reduced recurrence rates throughout the first 10 years (RR 0·53 [SE 0·03] during years 0-4 and RR 0·68 [0·06] during years 5-9 [both 2p<0·00001]; but RR 0·97 [0·10] during years 10-14, suggesting no further gain or loss after year 10). Even in marginally ER-positive disease (10-19 fmol/mg cytosol protein) the recurrence reduction was substantial (RR 0·67 [0·08]). In ER-positive disease, the RR was approximately independent of progesterone receptor status (or level), age, nodal status, or use of chemotherapy. Breast cancer mortality was reduced by about a third throughout the first 15 years (RR 0·71 [0·05] during years 0-4, 0·66 [0·05] during years 5-9, and 0·68 [0·08] during years 10-14; p<0·0001 for extra mortality reduction during each separate time period). Overall non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected, despite small absolute increases in thromboembolic and uterine cancer mortality (both only in women older than 55 years), so all-cause mortality was substantially reduced. In ER-negative disease, tamoxifen had little or no effect on breast cancer recurrence or mortality.


INTERPRETATION
5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen safely reduces 15-year risks of breast cancer recurrence and death. ER status was the only recorded factor importantly predictive of the proportional reductions. Hence, the absolute risk reductions produced by tamoxifen depend on the absolute breast cancer risks (after any chemotherapy) without tamoxifen.


FUNDING
Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, and Medical Research Council.
Non-linear optical microscopy as a novel quantitative and label-free imaging modality to improve the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage.

OBJECTIVE
Current systems to evaluate outcomes from tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) are sub-optimal. The main purpose of our study was to demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy as a novel quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory made cartilage constructs.


METHODS
Scaffold-free cartilage constructs were obtained by condensation of in vitro expanded Hoffa's fat pad derived stromal cells (HFPSCs), incubated in the presence or absence of chondrogenic growth factors (GF) during a period of 21 d. Cartilage-like features in constructs were assessed by Alcian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. A new scoring system, using second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) index for collagen density and distribution, was adapted to the existing "Bern score" in order to evaluate in vitro TEC.


RESULTS
Spheroids with GF gave a relative high Bern score value due to appropriate cell morphology, cell density, tissue-like features and proteoglycan content, whereas spheroids without GF did not. However, both TEM and SHGM revealed striking differences between the collagen framework in the spheroids and native cartilage. Spheroids required a four-fold increase in laser power to visualize the collagen matrix by SHGM compared to native cartilage. Additionally, collagen distribution, determined as the area of tissue generating SHG signal, was higher in spheroids with GF than without GF, but lower than in native cartilage.


CONCLUSION
SHG represents a reliable quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory engineered cartilage, and may be applied to improve currently established scoring systems.
Sexual dysfunction in male stroke patients: correlation between brain lesions and sexual function.

OBJECTIVES
To identify the sexual function of, and effect of the location of brain lesions on sexual function in, stroke patients.


METHODS
We conducted a survey on 109 stroke patients (64.93 +/- 8.81 years) and 109 age-matched controls (64.69 +/- 8.85 years). We used a questionnaire that included the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and questions about changes in sexual desire, ejaculatory function, and sexual satisfaction after a stroke. We analyzed the correlation between the results of the questionnaire and the locations of brain lesions.


RESULTS
Erectile function was significantly decreased in the stroke patient group (IIEF-5, 5.89 +/- 7.08) compared with the control group (IIEF-5, 10.67 +/- 7.10). In most patients, the frequency of intercourse and sexual desire decreased after stroke, and an ejaculation disorder accompanied intercourse, but fear regarding intercourse was not severe. A lack of sexual desire was the largest cause (59.4%) of an absence of sexual intercourse. In cases with lesions in the right cerebellum and the left basal ganglia, a significant ejaculation disorder and decrease of sexual desire were more likely to occur, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The sexual desire, erectile function, and ejaculatory function were impaired after stroke. A lack of sexual desire was the major cause of an absence of sexual intercourse. The specific locations of the stroke lesions, such as the left basal ganglia and right cerebellum, might be associated with sexual desire and ejaculation disorder, respectively.
Semantic-aware Grad-GAN for Virtual-to-Real Urban Scene Adaption

Recent advances in vision tasks (e.g., segmentation) highly depend on the availability of large-scale real-world image annotations obtained by cumbersome human labors. Moreover, the perception performance often drops significantly for new scenarios, due to the poor generalization capability of models trained on limited and biased annotations. In this work, we resort to transfer knowledge from automatically rendered scene annotations in virtual-world to facilitate real-world visual tasks. Although virtual-world annotations can be ideally diverse and unlimited, the discrepant data distributions between virtual and real-world make it challenging for knowledge transferring. We thus propose a novel Semantic-aware Grad-GAN (SG-GAN) to perform virtual-to-real domain adaption with the ability of retaining vital semantic information. Beyond the simple holistic color/texture transformation achieved by prior works, SG-GAN successfully personalizes the appearance adaption for each semantic region in order to preserve their key characteristic for better recognition. It presents two main contributions to traditional GANs: 1) a soft gradientsensitive objective for keeping semantic boundaries; 2) a semantic-aware discriminator for validating the fidelity of personalized adaptions with respect to each semantic region. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our SG-GAN in scene adaption over stateof-the-art GANs. Further evaluations on semantic segmentation on Cityscapes show using adapted virtual images by SG-GAN dramatically improves segmentation performance than original virtual data. We release our code at https://github.com/Peilun-Li/SG-GAN .
Neutrino propagation in matter

Abstract The enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter is briefly reviewed. Exact and approximate solutions of the equations describing neutrino oscillations in matter are discussed. The role of stochasticity of the media that the neutrinos propagate through is elucidated.
Social health and nutrition impacts of community kitchens: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE
Community kitchens have been implemented by communities as a public health strategy to prevent food insecurity through reducing social isolation, improving food and cooking skills and empowering participants. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether community kitchens can improve the social and nutritional health of participants and their families.


DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature was conducted including searches of seven databases with no date limitations.


SETTING
Community kitchens internationally.


SUBJECTS
Participants of community kitchens across the world.


RESULTS
Ten studies (eight qualitative studies, one mixed-method study and one cross-sectional study) were selected for inclusion. Evidence synthesis suggested that community kitchens may be an effective strategy to improve participants' cooking skills, social interactions and nutritional intake. Community kitchens may also play a role in improving participants' budgeting skills and address some concerns around food insecurity. Long-term solutions are required to address income-related food insecurity.


CONCLUSIONS
Community kitchens may improve social interactions and nutritional intake of participants and their families. More rigorous research methods, for both qualitative and quantitative studies, are required to effectively assess the impact of community kitchens on social and nutritional health in order to confidently recommend them as a strategy in evidence-based public health practice.
Supervised Distributional Hypernym Discovery via Domain Adaptation

➔ Apply this matrix to an unseen domain-specific term, so that the resulting vector constitutes the “ideal” hypernym for that term. Since it may not coincide with any predefined vector, retrieve its nearest neighbours by cosine similarity. Supervised Distributional Hypernym Discovery via Domain Adaptation Luis Espinosa-Anke1,3, Jose Camacho-Collados2, Claudio Delli Bovi2, Horacio Saggion1 1TALN Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies 2Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome 3Savanamed {luis.espinosa, horacio.saggion}@upf.edu, {collados,dellibovi}@di.uniroma1.it
An empirical study of sentiment analysis for chinese documents

Up to now, there are very few researches conducted on sentiment classification for Chinese documents. In order to remedy this deficiency, this paper presents an empirical study of sentiment categorization on Chinese documents. Four feature selection methods (MI, IG, CHI and DF) and five learning methods (centroid classifier, K-nearest neighbor, winnow classifier, Naı̈ve Bayes and SVM) are investigated on a Chinese sentiment corpus with a size of 1021 documents. The experimental results indicate that IG performs the best for sentimental terms selection and SVM exhibits the best performance for sentiment classification. Furthermore, we found that sentiment classifiers are severely dependent on domains or topics. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The geography of investment management contracts: the UK, Europe, and the global financial services industry

Contract is crucial for governing the relationships between asset owners and the many types of agents that underpin the production of financial services. We distinguish between discrete contracts for financial services and investment management contracts that are better described as relational in the sense that they are open ended and subject to renegotiation between the parties. Emphasis is placed upon the significance of risk and uncertainty in financial markets and the ways in which the parties to contracts adapt to these conditions. This provides the backdrop for understanding three different types of contractual arrangements apparent in the investment management industry, bringing to the fore the significance of the choice of jurisdiction when writing contracts for investment services. We explain how and why the UK is a favoured destination for European institutions just as offshore jurisdictions, such as the Cayman Islands, may be the favoured ‘home’ jurisdictions for certain types of UK and global investment managers. At the heart of the relationship between asset owners and asset managers is the power of these parties when choosing the type of contract and the jurisdiction which is the favoured location for formalising these relationships. Keywords: contract, governance, investment management, jurisdiction, performance
The influence of day care centres for people with dementia on family caregivers: an integrative review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES
Day care centres (DCC) for people with dementia (PWD) have received increased attention recently, due to a shift in policy from the use of residential care towards home-based services. The aim of this study is to provide an extended understanding of the influence of DCCs on family caregivers (FCs).


METHOD
An integrative review including 19 studies was used: qualitative (n = 2), quantitative non-randomised (n = 8), quantitative descriptive studies (n = 7), and with mixed-method design (n = 2). The quality of the studies was evaluated by the mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT).


RESULTS
FC experienced the DCC both as a respite service, and to some extent as a support service, improving their competence in caring for the PWD. The quality of the DCC influenced its use, and the FC's motivation to care for the PWD. FC's gender, role, individual needs, PWD behavioural problems and need for assistance played an important role.


CONCLUSION
As a respite and support service, DCCs have the potential to give FCs a feeling of safety and relief, reduce the caregiver's burden, and increase their motivation towards their role as caregivers. These outcomes depend on the quality of treatment, and how the service meets the FC's needs for flexibility, support, information, and responsibility sharing.
Integrating mediation and moderation to advance theory development and testing.

OBJECTIVE
The concepts and associated analyses of mediation and moderation are important to the field of psychology. Although pediatric psychologists frequently incorporate mediation and moderation in their theories and empirical research, on few occasions have we integrated mediation and moderation. In this article, conceptual reasons for integrating mediation and moderation are offered.


METHOD
We illustrate a model that integrates mediation and moderation.


RESULTS
In our illustration, the strength of an indirect or a mediating effect varied as a function of a moderating variable.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinical implications of the integration of mediation and moderation are discussed, as is the potential of integrated models to advance research programs in pediatric psychology.
A semiconducting thermooptic material for potential application to super-resolution optical data storage

Abstract To find its practical use in ultrahigh density optical data storage, superresolution (SR) technique needs a material that can render a high SR capability at no cost of durability against repeated read/write. Thermoelectric materials are proposed as candidates capable of yielding solid state SR effects in the absence of phase changes that are detrimental to durability. As a prototype material, PbTe is selected due to a large thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient and a high stability of a crystalline single phase state up to its melting temperature of 924 °C. A preliminary study of Pb 51 Te 49 thin films was carried out with the following findings: Firstly, under exposure to pulsed light, completely reversible changes in transmittance take place regardless of power. Secondly, light transmittance grows with increasing laser power and this is not due to melting except at relatively high powers. By way of optical calculations using the measured reflectance and transmittance values combined with thermal calculations, a temperature variation of effective optical constants ( n , k ) was also estimated to find that both of them decrease with increasing temperature.
Perfectionism and workaholism in employees : The role of work motivation

Even though it has been over 20 years since Spence and Robbins (1992) first showed perfectionism and workaholism to be closely related, the relationship between perfectionism and workaholism is still under-researched. In particular, it has remained unclear why perfectionism is linked to workaholism. Using data from 131 employees, this study—examining self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism—investigated whether intrinsic–extrinsic work motivation could explain the positive relationship between perfectionism and workaholism. Whereas socially prescribed perfectionism was unrelated to workaholism, self-oriented perfectionism showed a positive correlation with workaholism. Furthermore autonomous (integrated and identified regulation) and controlled (introjected and external regulation) work motivation showed positive correlations. However, when all predictors were entered in a regression analysis, only self-oriented perfectionism, identified regulation, and introjected regulation positively predicted workaholism. In addition, a mediation analysis showed that identified and introjected regulation fully mediated the effect of self-oriented perfectionism on workaholism. The findings suggest that high levels of work motivation explain why many self-oriented perfectionists are workaholic. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Neural Discourse Structure for Text Categorization

We show that discourse structure, as defined by Rhetorical Structure Theory and provided by an existing discourse parser, benefits text categorization. Our approach uses a recursive neural network and a newly proposed attention mechanism to compute a representation of the text that focuses on salient content, from the perspective of both RST and the task. Experiments consider variants of the approach and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses.
SMEs Key Failure-Factors: A Comparison between the United Kingdom and Nigeria

To comparatively examine the individual impact of ten “key factors” influencing business failure within the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector between the United Kingdom (UK) and Nigeria. A survey instrument testing ten key variables was developed and data was generated by sampling key informants. Forty five questionnaires each were administered and two interviews each were conducted between the UK and Nigeria. The results showed that while poor management was found to be the most crucial factor influencing to SMEs failure in the UK, poor economic conditions and infrastructural inadequacy were found to be most crucial factors in Nigeria. Relevant statistical analyses undertaken led to the rejection of the two hypotheses of the study. This study adopted a small survey sample of key informants due to the short time frame for conducting the study; hence limiting the ability of the results to be generalised. The results of this study reveal that internal factors are responsible for SMEs failures in the UK. Hence more effort needs to be focused in the area of management development for SMEs. External factors were found to be the key factor influencing SMEs failure in Nigeria; hence a lot needs to be done in Nigeria in terms of improving the economic conditions and dilapidated state of infrastructural and social support. This study attempts to fill the gap in comparative studies on factors influencing SMEs failure between the UK and
A large-scale benchmark dataset for event recognition in surveillance video

We introduce a new large-scale video dataset designed to assess the performance of diverse visual event recognition algorithms with a focus on continuous visual event recognition (CVER) in outdoor areas with wide coverage. Previous datasets for action recognition are unrealistic for real-world surveillance because they consist of short clips showing one action by one individual [15, 8]. Datasets have been developed for movies [11] and sports [12], but, these actions and scene conditions do not apply effectively to surveillance videos. Our dataset consists of many outdoor scenes with actions occurring naturally by non-actors in continuously captured videos of the real world. The dataset includes large numbers of instances for 23 event types distributed throughout 29 hours of video. This data is accompanied by detailed annotations which include both moving object tracks and event examples, which will provide solid basis for large-scale evaluation. Additionally, we propose different types of evaluation modes for visual recognition tasks and evaluation metrics along with our preliminary experimental results. We believe that this dataset will stimulate diverse aspects of computer vision research and help us to advance the CVER tasks in the years ahead.