LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data

We examine sentiment analysis on Twitter data. The contributions of this paper are: (1) We introduce POS-specific prior polarity features. (2) We explore the use of a tree kernel to obviate the need for tedious feature engineering. The new features (in conjunction with previously proposed features) and the tree kernel perform approximately at the same level, both outperforming the state-of-the-art baseline.
Does the constellation of risk factors with and without abdominal adiposity associate with different cardiovascular mortality risk?

Aims:To evaluate whether the metabolic syndrome (MetS) defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, which has abdominal adiposity as a mandatory element, predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality better than the cluster of other IDF-defined abnormalities not including abdominal adiposity.Methods:Data from nine European population-based studies, including 7782 men and 7739 women (aged 30–89 years), with a median follow-up of 8.55 years, were jointly analyzed. Hazard ratios for CVD mortality were calculated with Cox regression models.Results:In total, 41% of the men and 38% of the women had the IDF MetS. Individuals with the IDF MetS were by definition more obese and had a higher prevalence of diabetes than non-obese subjects with ⩾2 IDF abnormalities; whereas non-obese men with ⩾3 factors had more atherogenic lipid profiles. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratio for CVD death in men and women with the IDF MetS was 2.44 (1.69–2.98) and 2.32 (1.27–4.23); in non-obese men with 2 and ⩾3 factors the hazard ratio was 1.60 (1.12–2.30) and 2.44 (1.62–3.66), respectively, and in non-obese women with 2 factors the hazard ratio was 2.41 (1.09–5.33).Conclusions:The cluster of the CVD risk factors predicted CVD mortality regardless of the presence or absence of the abdominal adiposity. Inclusion of abdominal adiposity as a prerequisite will miss those non-obese individuals who have increased CVD mortality.
Electrochemical investigation of passive film in pre-deformation AISI 304 stainless steels

Abstract The electrochemical measures in deformed AISI 304 stainless steels ranged from 0% to 24% were investigated. With the increasing of the strain α′-martensite was gradually increasing. Moreover, the morphologies and densities of dislocations changed with increasing strain. The Mott–Schottky plots showed that the maximum total of donor and acceptor densities in passive film occurred in borate buffer solution when ɛ-martensite was most, while in borate buffer solution with 5000 ppm Cl − the maximum total of donor and acceptor densities occurred when the content of α-martensite was most. These results were proven by further impedance spectroscopy experiments.
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.

BACKGROUND
Elevated asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis that may impair endothelial function by interfering with endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. To gain insight into the effects of ADMA on systemic endothelial function, we examined the association between ADMA and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in a large population of young adults.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Plasma ADMA and brachial FMD, as well as conventional cardiovascular risk factors, were measured in 2096 white adults aged 24 to 39 years. In univariate analysis, ADMA was inversely correlated with FMD (r=-0.07, P=0.003). The inverse association between ADMA and FMD remained significant in a multivariable regression model adjusted for age, sex, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and brachial artery baseline diameter (beta+/-SE -1.56+/-0.62%, P=0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that elevated plasma ADMA concentrations are associated with decreased brachial FMD responses in healthy adults. These data provide evidence at the population level that ADMA levels are associated with endothelial function.
Evolutionary Robotics and Open-Ended Design Automation

IMAGINE A LEGO SET AT YOUR DISPOSAL: Bricks, rods, wheels, motors, sensors and logic are your “atomic” building blocks, and you must find a way to put them together to achieve a given high-level functionality: A machine that can move itself, say. You know the physics of the individual components' behaviors; you know the repertoire of pieces available, and you know how they are allowed to connect. But how do you determine the combination that gives you the desired functionality? This is the problem of Synthesis. Although engineers practice it and teach it all the time, we do not have a formal model of how open-ended synthesis can be done automatically. Applications are numerous. This is the meta-problem of engineering: Design a machine that can design other machines.
Women's land rights in the transition to individualized ownership

This study explores the impact of changes in land tenure institutions on women's land rights and the efficiency of tree resource management in Western Ghana. We find that customary land tenure institutions have evolved toward individualized systems to provide incentives to invest in tree planting. However, contrary to the common belief that individualization of land tenure weakens women's land rights, these have been strengthened through inter vivos gifts and the practice of the Intestate Succession Law. Investment in tree planting, in turn, is affected not simply by the level of land tenure security, but also by its expected changes, as tree planting strengthens land tenure security. Cocoa yields are lower on allocated family land and rented land under share tenancy due to distorted work incentives. While men and women are equally likely to plant trees, women obtain lower yields on their cocoa plots, suggesting the presence of gender-specific constraints.
Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection by using a preganglionic approach: a prospective randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE
To prospectively evaluate the short- and midterm effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) for lumbosacral radiculopathy with respect to injection level.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. From March 2005 to February 2006, 239 consecutive patients (106 male, 133 female; mean age, 49.8 years; range, 13-82 years) who were scheduled to undergo lumbar TFESI were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to either the ganglionic (TFESI at the location of the exiting nerve root) or preganglionic group (TFESI at the supraadjacent intervertebral disk level). Follow-up was conducted within 1 month (short term) and more than 6 months (midterm) after injections. Short- and midterm outcomes were measured by using a visual analog scale and a four-grade scale. Univariate analysis (by using the Fisher exact and chi(2) tests) and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between possible outcome predictors (ganglionic or preganglionic injection levels, cause of radiculopathy, duration of symptoms, age group, and sex) and the therapeutic effect.


RESULTS
Univariate analysis showed that the preganglionic group had a better treatment effect (99 of 112, 88.4%) than did the ganglionic group (90 of 127, 70.9%) at short-term follow-up (P = .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the only significant outcome predictor at short-term follow-up was injection level (odds ratio = 2.232, P = .037). No significant difference was identified regarding TFESI approach or cause of radiculopathy at midterm follow-up.


CONCLUSION
TFESI for lumbosacral radiculopathy with a preganglionic approach is more effective than TFESI with a ganglionic approach at short-term follow-up.
High payload steganography mechanism using hybrid edge detector

Keywords: LSB steganography Stego-image Image steganalysis Hybrid edge detection a b s t r a c t Steganography is the art and science of hiding data into information. The secret message is hidden in such a way that no one can apart from the sender or the intended recipient. The least significant bit (LSB) substitution mechanism is the most common steganographic technique for embedding a secret message in an image with high capacity, while the human visual system (HVS) would be unable to notice the hidden message in the cover image. In this paper, besides employing the LSB substitution technique as a fundamental stage, we take advantage of edge detection technique. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only achieves high embedding capacity but also enhances the quality of the stego image from the HVS by an edge detection technique. Moreover, based on that the secret message is replaced with different LSBs, our scheme can effectively resist the image steganalysis. In the fields of information hiding, there is a visual requirements model, which is called magic triangle, given in Fig. 1 (Johnson, Duric, & Jajodia, 2001). The first requirement, called capacity or also embedding payload, is determined by the number of secret bits embedded in each cover pixel. A higher capacity allows much more the secret data to be inserted into the cover image. The second requirement, named imperceptibility, is usually calculated by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). When the difference between the cover image and the stego image is small, the PSNR value is high. Thus, the stego image quality is considered to be good with the imperceptibility is high. The last requirement called robustness which prevents the secret data from being attacked or stolen. Obviously, Fig. 1 is a convenient model for a visual representation of the required trade-offs between the capacity of the embedded data and the robustness to certain attacks, while keeping the perceptual quality of the stego image at an acceptable level. Steganography is a technique which is used to transmit a secret message under the cover of digital media such as images. It first pays much more attention on embedding payload rather than robustness against intentional attacks compared with watermark which is used to protect the copyright. Moreover, imperceptibility, which is the second requirement, is carefully considered in the ste-ganography algorithms. Thus, an effective steganography scheme should not cause any perceptible distortion and …
The threshold consumption correlation-based approach to international capital mobility: evidence from advanced and developing countries

Using the consumption correlation-based criterion, this paper analyzes international capital mobility for both advanced and developing countries. We provide evidence that global capital markets are imperfectly integrated for both advanced and developing countries. However, a clear difference between these groups of countries emerges when their consumption growth has stagnated; in developing countries at such times, the opportunity to smooth their consumption drops dramatically.
The CoNLL-2009 Shared Task: Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies in Multiple Languages

For the 11th straight year, the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning has been accompanied by a shared task whose purpose is to promote natural language processing applications and evaluate them in a standard setting. In 2009, the shared task was dedicated to the joint parsing of syntactic and semantic dependencies in multiple languages. This shared task combines the shared tasks of the previous five years under a unique dependency-based formalism similar to the 2008 task. In this paper, we define the shared task, describe how the data sets were created and show their quantitative properties, report the results and summarize the approaches of the participating systems.
Efficient Vector and Parallel Manipulation of Tensor Products

We present efficient vector and parallel methods formanipulating tensor products of matrices. We consider bothcomputing the matrix-vector product (A<sub>1</sub><font face="Symbol">Ä</font><font face="Symbol">¼</font><fontface="Symbol">Ä</font>A<sub>K</sub>)x and solving the systemof linear equations (A<sub>1</sub><font face="Symbol">Ä</font><font face="Symbol">¼</font><fontface="Symbol">Ä</font>A<sub>K</sub>)x=b. The methods describedare independent of <i>K</i>. We accompany this article with acompanion algorithm which describes an implementation of a completeset of tensor product routines based on LAPACK and the Level 2 and3 Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) which providevectorization and parallelization.
A pilot surrogate end point biomarker trial of perillyl alcohol in breast neoplasia.

PURPOSE
Efficient strategies to screen promising agents in early phase development are essential for rapid progress in breast cancer chemoprevention. We report our experience with the natural compound perillyl alcohol (POH) administered in a short-term surrogate end point biomarker (SEB) protocol, using the "window" between diagnostic and definitive surgery.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Eligible patients included those with a diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma (<3 cm in size) that required further surgery. Thirty-seven of 267 women screened were enrolled in the study (14%). Five women received single-dose POH (1.5 g/m2) 2 days before surgery, 16 received escalating doses of POH (1.2 g/m2 to 4.8 g/m2/day) for 2 days before surgery, and 16 served as untreated controls. Exploratory SEB analysis [estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, proliferation, apoptosis, M6P/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-2R, IGF1, IGF2 and transforming growth factor beta] was conducted before and after POH.


RESULTS
Only a small portion of the population screened entered the study. Reasons for nonparticipation included protocol ineligibility, conflict of timing of surgery, miscellaneous logistical reasons, or patient's choice. POH administration was well tolerated and did not interfere with surgical management. The power to observe changes in candidate SEB was diminished by a 44% incidence of cases in which the index lesion was not present in the definitive surgical specimen.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative POH exposure was safe and suitable for a more definitive phase II SEB study. Further investigations must overcome logistical obstacles to accrual, and they must focus on approaches to maximize tissue collection and to incorporate genomic analysis of target lesions.
Evaluating Views of Teacher Trainees on Teacher Training Process in Turkey

The views of the teacher trainees who have recently started the teaching profession on teacher training process are of great value because they are new graduates and they are in their first year in the profession. Since the teachers in their first year in the profession do not have any experience, they have to pursue the educational tasks based on the knowledge and skills they acquired in their faculties. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the views of the teacher trainees on the process of teacher training in Turkey.Being qualitative in nature, the current research was a descriptive study. The study group involved 58 newly-appointed teacher trainees from different branches who began their teaching profession in Kastamonu in 2010. An “Interview Form” was used for data collection. The data collected from the participants were analysed through Nvivo 9 software package. As a result of the study, the teacher trainees indicated that they felt insufficient especially related to curriculum and content knowledge and that teaching practice and school experience courses do not adequately contribute to their profession
Accurate, Dense, and Robust Multiview Stereopsis

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for multiview stereopsis that outputs a dense set of small rectangular patches covering the surfaces visible in the images. Stereopsis is implemented as a match, expand, and filter procedure, starting from a sparse set of matched keypoints, and repeatedly expanding these before using visibility constraints to filter away false matches. The keys to the performance of the proposed algorithm are effective techniques for enforcing local photometric consistency and global visibility constraints. Simple but effective methods are also proposed to turn the resulting patch model into a mesh which can be further refined by an algorithm that enforces both photometric consistency and regularization constraints. The proposed approach automatically detects and discards outliers and obstacles and does not require any initialization in the form of a visual hull, a bounding box, or valid depth ranges. We have tested our algorithm on various data sets including objects with fine surface details, deep concavities, and thin structures, outdoor scenes observed from a restricted set of viewpoints, and "crowded" scenes where moving obstacles appear in front of a static structure of interest. A quantitative evaluation on the Middlebury benchmark [1] shows that the proposed method outperforms all others submitted so far for four out of the six data sets.
A real-world stepped wedge cluster randomized trial of practice facilitation to improve cardiovascular care

BACKGROUND
Practice facilitation has been associated with meaningful improvements in disease prevention and quality of patient care. Using practice facilitation, the Improved Delivery of Cardiovascular Care (IDOCC) project aimed to improve the delivery of evidence-based cardiovascular care in primary care practices across a large health region. Our goal was to evaluate IDOCC's impact on adherence to processes of care delivery.


METHODS
A pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized trial recruiting primary care providers in practices located in Eastern Ontario, Canada (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00574808). Participants were randomly assigned by region to one of three steps. Practice facilitators were intended to visit practices every 3-4 (year 1-intensive) or 6-12 weeks (year 2-sustainability) to support changes in practice behavior. The primary outcome was mean adherence to indicators of evidence-based care measured at the patient level. Adherence was assessed by chart review of a randomly selected cohort of 66 patients per practice in each pre-intervention year, as well as in year 1 and year 2 post-intervention.


RESULTS
Eighty-four practices (182 physicians) participated. On average, facilitators had 6.6 (min: 2, max: 11) face-to-face visits with practices in year 1 and 2.5 (min: 0 max: 10) visits in year 2. We collected chart data from 5292 patients. After adjustment for patient and provider characteristics, there was a 1.9 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.9 to -0.9 %) and 4.2 % (95 % CI: -5.7 to -2.6 %) absolute decrease in mean adherence from baseline to intensive and sustainability years, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
IDOCC did not improve adherence to best-practice guidelines. Our results showed a small statistically significant decrease in mean adherence of questionable clinical significance. Potential reasons for this result include implementation challenges, competing priorities in practices, a broad focus on multiple chronic disease indicators, and use of an overall index of adherence. These results contrast with findings from previously reported facilitation trials and highlight the complexities and challenges of translating research findings into clinical practice.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00574808.
Crosstalk Reduction by Transistor Sizing

In this paper we consider transistor sizing to reduce crosstalk. First, crosstalk noise dependency on wire width, wire spacing, driver and receiver sizes are discussed, and validated by experiments. Then transistor sizing for timing and noise is discussed and solved using optimization techniques. Experimental results suggest that crosstalk violations can be removed by transistor sizing with very small area ovehead.
The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers.

account of initiative for change in medical education in Europe for the 21st century. A prospective randomised trial of an urban general practice attachment for medical students. The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers Much the same as that for structuring abstracts S tructure is the most difficult part of writing, no matter whether you are writing a novel, a play, a poem, a government report, or a scientific paper. If the structure is right then the rest can follow fairly easily, but no amount of clever language can compensate for a weak structure. Structure is important so that readers don't become lost. They should know where they've come from, where they are, and where they are headed. A strong structure also allows readers to know where to look for particular information and makes it more likely that all important information will be included. Readers of scientific papers in medical journals are used to the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) 1 and either consciously or unconsciously know the function of each section. Readers have also become used to structured abstracts, which have been shown to include more important information than unstructured summaries. 2 3 Journals are now introducing specific structures for particular types of papers—such as the CONSORT structure for reporting randomised trials. 4 Now we are proposing that the discussion of scientific reports should be structured—because it is often the weakest part of the paper where careful explanation gives way to polemic. 5 Old fashioned papers often comprised small amounts of new data—perhaps a case report—with extensive discussion. The function of the discussion seemed to be to convince readers of the rightness of the authors' interpretation of data and speculation. It was not a dispassionate examination of the evidence. Times have changed, and greater emphasis has been placed on methods and results, particularly as methods have become more complicated and scientifically valid. But still we see many papers where the job of the discussion seems to be to " sell " the paper. Richard Horton, editor of the Lancet, and others have described how authors use rhetoric in the discussion of papers. 6 7 Authors may use extensive text without subheadings; expand reports with comment relating more to the generalities than to the specifics of the study; and introduce bias by emphasising the strengths of the study more than its weaknesses, reiterating selected results, and …
Vision in dogs.

Compared with the visual system in human beings, the canine visual system could be considered inferior in such aspects as degree of binocular overlap, color perception, accommodative range, and visual acuity. However, in other aspects of vision, such as ability to function in dim light, rapidity with which the retina can respond to another image (flicker fusion), field of view, ability to differentiate shades of gray, and perhaps, ability to detect motion, the canine visual system probably surpasses the human visual system. This has made the dog a more efficient predator in certain environmental situations and permits it to exploit an ecological niche inaccessible to humans.