LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the North American frontier after 9/11

Abstract This paper is primarily concerned with changes to the border dividing Canada from the U.S. after 9/11. Two arguments are made: that these changes were sufficiently profound to warrant a re‐conceptualization of what constitutes a border and how it operates; and that for Canadians, border relations with the U.S. have become a highly complex, multifaceted business managed both horizontally and vertically by a full range of governments and their various departments on both sides of the border. In policy terms, the line drawn to distinguish foreign from domestic policy has become decidedly blurred, melding into what some have called the “intermestic.” In order to understand these changes, it is necessary to contextualize them. The method chosen is to begin by examining the changes that occurred in Europe and North America in the period after the cold war, with an emphasis on matters such as the process of democratization, the significance of peace dividends, new security paradigms, the forces of globa...
Squeeze, rock, and roll; can tangible interaction with affective products support stress reduction?

Affective computing focuses on the interpretation of users emotions via physiological and behavioral inputs. Irrelevant gestures with a pen were found to increase when users were given a mentally demanding task. Accordingly, an embedded tangible interface was developed which afforded and measured a rolling behavior, and guided the user towards reaching a balanced state of movement. During informal evaluations users acknowledged how the device could contribute to stress reduction. Conclusion, tangible interfaces appear to offer a non-obtrusive means towards interpreting and reducing stress in the office work context.
Wired Warfare: Computer Network Attack and Jus in Bello

D espite ongoing debates about the existence, or lack thereof, of a “revolution in military affairs”, it is undeniable that twenty-first century warfare will differ dramatically from that which characterized the twentieth century. The tragic terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and their aftermath are dominating the headlines at the beginning of the new century. Perhaps equally remarkable will be the maturing of “information warfare” as a tool of combat.1 It will challenge existing doctrine on the waging of war, necessitate a revised concept of battle space and expand the available methods and means of warfare. Of particular note will be the impact of information warfare on the principles of international humanitarian law — and vice versa. In brief, information warfare is a subset of information operations, i.e. “actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one’s own information and information systems”.2 Such operations encompass virtually any nonconsensual measures intended to discover, alter, destroy, disrupt or transfer data stored in a computer, manipulated by a computer or transmitted through a computer.They can occur in peacetime, during
Is a targeted and planned GP intervention effective in cardiovascular disease prevention? A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
The optimal intensity and duration of the intervention to achieve sustained risk reduction in patients at high and very high cardiovascular (CV) risk still need to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of general practitioner's (GP's) systematic and planned intervention on total CV risk reduction and a change in individual CV risk factors.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a cluster-randomized trial (ISRCTN31857696) including 64 practices and 3245 patients aged ≥40. The participating GPs and their examinees were randomized into an intervention or to a control group (standard care). Intervention group practitioners followed up their examinees during 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The main outcome measures were change in proportion of patients with low, moderate, high, and very high CV risk, and change in individual CV risk factors from the first to the second registration.


RESULTS
The proportion of patients with very high CV risk was lower in the intervention group, the same as of patients with high blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, and increased intake of alcohol. The mean systolic (-1.49 mmHg) and diastolic (-1.57 mmHg) blood pressure, triglycerides (-0.18 mmol/L), body mass index (-0.22), and waist (-0.4 cm) and hip circumference (-1.08 cm) was reduced significantly in the intervention group. There was no additional impact in the intervention group of other tested CV risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Systematic and planned GP's intervention in CVD prevention reduces the number of patients with very high total CV risk and influences a change in lifestyle habits.
Classical models of subatomic particles

Abstract We look at the program of modelling a subatomic particle - one having mass, charge, and angular momentum - as an interior solution joined to a classical general-relativistic Kerr-Newman exterior spacetime. We find that the assumption of stationarity upon which the validity of the Kerr-Newman exterior solution depends is in fact violated quantum mechanically for all known subatomic particles. We conclude that the appropriate stationary spacetime matched to any known subatomic particle is flat space.
Gender Dysphoria and Body Integrity Identity Disorder : Similarities and Differences

Copyright © 2014 Alicia Garcia-Falgueras. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accordance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intellectual property Alicia Garcia-Falgueras. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian.
Perceived HIV stigma among children in a high HIV-prevalence area in central China: beyond the parental HIV-related illness and death.

OBJECTIVES
(1) Examine the psychometric properties of two parallel measures of HIV-related stigma (i.e., perceived public stigma and children's personal stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS [PLWHA]) among children affected by HIV/AIDS. (2) Examine whether expressions of stigma measures differ by child's sex, developmental stage, family socioeconomic status (SES), or orphanhood status (i.e., AIDS orphans, vulnerable children, and comparison children). (3) Examine the association between HIV-related stigma and children's psychosocial adjustments among these children.


METHODS
Cross-sectional data were collected from 755 AIDS orphans (children who had lost one or both their parents to AIDS), 466 vulnerable children who lived with HIV infected parents, and 404 comparison children who did not experience HIV-related illness and death in their families. The measures included perceived public stigma, personal stigma, depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-esteem, future expectations, hopefulness about the future, and perceived control over the future.


RESULTS
Both stigma scales were positively associated with psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, loneliness) and negatively associated with psychosocial well-being (e.g., self-esteem, positive future expectation, hopefulness about future, and perceived control over the future). Both stigma measures contribute to children's psychosocial problems independent of their orphanhood status and other key demographic factors.


CONCLUSION
Community-wide stigma reduction and psychological support should be part of the care efforts for children affected by AIDS. Stigma reduction efforts should not only target the stigma against PLWHA but also possible stigma against the entire community (e.g., villages) with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The stigma reduction efforts also needs to be appropriate for children's age, gender, family SES, and AIDS experience in the family. Future research should explore individual and contextual factors such as social support, coping, and attachment in mitigating the negative effect of stigma among these children.
Family adaptation to cerebral palsy in adolescents: A European multicenter study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Factors promoting family adaptation to child's disability are poorly studied together. The aim of the study was to describe the family adaptation to disability and to identify determinants associated with using a global theoretical model.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
286 families of teenagers [13-17 years] with cerebral palsy (CP) from 4 European disability registers were included and visited at home. Face to face interviews were performed in order to measure parental distress, perceived impact in various dimensions of family life, family resources and stressors. Relationships were modelled with structural equations.


RESULTS
31.8% of parents living with an adolescent with CP showed clinically significant high stress requiring professional assistance. The main stressors were the level of motor impairment and behavioural disorders in adolescent. A good family functioning was the best protective factor. Respite in care and a parents' positive attitude were significantly related to less parental distress. Material support, socioeconomical level, marital status or parental qualifications did not appear to be significant protector factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Particular attention must be paid not only on physical condition but also on adolescent psychological problems to improve family adaptation. Families at risk of experiencing severe distress should be targeted early and proactive caregiver interventions on the whole family should be performed.


WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
Family is a dynamic system: facing disability, it tries to recover its balance with available resources and its perception of the situation. Literature highlights potential stressors and protecting factors that could affect the disabled child's family adaptation but few papers study a global model including most of these factors. This study validated a global theoretical model of family adaptation to disability at adolescence. It identified behaviour disorders and motor impairment level as main stressors, family functioning as the largest protecting factors, and equipment and financial support as non significant protective factors.
Least Cost Influence in Multiplex Social Networks: Model Representation and Analysis

The least cost influence (LCI) problem, which asks to identify a minimum number of seed users who can eventually influence a large number of users, has become one of the central research topics recently in online social networks (OSNs). However, existing works mostly focused on a single network while users nowadays often join several OSNs. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the influence in multiplex networks, i.e. the influence is diffused across a set of networks via shared users, in order to obtain the best set of seed users.In this paper, we propose a unified framework to represent and analyze the influence diffusion in multiplex networks. More specifically, we tackle the LCI problem in multiplex OSNs by reducing multiplex networks to a single network via various coupling schemes while preserving the most influence propagation properties. Besides the coupling schemes to represent the diffusion process, the framework also includes the influence relay, a new metric to measure the flow of influence inside and between networks. The experiments on both real and synthesized datasets validate the effectiveness of the coupling schemes as well as provide some interesting insights into the process of influence propagation in multiplex networks.
Evaluation of protein docking predictions using Hex 3.1 in CAPRI rounds 1 and 2.

This article describes and reviews our efforts using Hex 3.1 to predict the docking modes of the seven target protein-protein complexes presented in the CAPRI (Critical Assessment of Predicted Interactions) blind docking trial. For each target, the structure of at least one of the docking partners was given in its unbound form, and several of the targets involved large multimeric structures (e.g., Lactobacillus HPr kinase, hemagglutinin, bovine rotavirus VP6). Here we describe several enhancements to our original spherical polar Fourier docking correlation algorithm. For example, a novel surface sphere smothering algorithm is introduced to generate multiple local coordinate systems around the surface of a large receptor molecule, which may be used to define a small number of initial ligand-docking orientations distributed over the receptor surface. High-resolution spherical polar docking correlations are performed over the resulting receptor surface patches, and candidate docking solutions are refined by using a novel soft molecular mechanics energy minimization procedure. Overall, this approach identified two good solutions at rank 5 or less for two of the seven CAPRI complexes. Subsequent analysis of our results shows that Hex 3.1 is able to place good solutions within a list of <or=20 for four of the seven targets. This finding shows that useful in silico protein-protein docking predictions can now be made with increasing confidence, even for very large macromolecular complexes.
The single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of pranlukast in healthy volunteers

 Objective: The pharmacokinetics of pranlukast, a leukotriene LTD4 antagonist, were studied in 48 young, healthy subjects after single and repeated oral doses (given every 12 h) ranging from 112.5 to 675 mg. The doses were administered 30 minutes after a light breakfast. Results: Maximal drug concentrations generally occurred between 2 and 6 h after dosing, and there was some evidence of an absorption lag-time. Secondary peaks were observed in the plasma concentration vs. time profiles of many of the study subjects after both single and repeated doses, particularly during the period of maximum drug absorption. In general, after both single and repeated doses, there were related increases in the corresponding Cmax and AUC with a rise in dose, although the increase was diminished at doses above 450 mg. With repeated dosing of pranlukast the mean AUC was generally higher (up to 1.6-fold), and the higher plasma concentrations allowed characterisation of a longer mean t1/2 than after single dose administration. The mean steady-state trough plasma concentrations attained after evening doses were considerably higher (up to 14-fold) than those obtained after the morning dose. Conclusion: The data suggested that the pharmacokinetics of pranlukast are influenced by the time of dosing. Based on analysis of urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol excretion, there was no evidence that pranlukast modified the metabolic activity of cytochrome P-450 3A isoenzymes.
The scope of APL in nuclear measurements

The whole range of data acquisition and analysis in experimental nuclear physics can be covered with a few APL application workspaces. Typical steps of the treatment of statistical data are highlighted and compared with nearly-equivalent solutions in other languages.
The Virtual Storyteller: story generation by simulation

The Virtual Storyteller is a multi-agent framework that generates stories based on a concept called emergent narrative. In this paper, we describe the motivation and approach of the Virtual Storyteller, and give an overview of the computational processes involved in the story generation process. We also discuss some of the challenges posed by our chosen approach.
Declarative knowledge and professional vision in teacher education: effect of courses in teaching and learning.

BACKGROUND
Teachers' professional vision includes the ability to apply general pedagogical knowledge about components of effective teaching and learning to reason about significant features of classroom practice. It requires teachers to (a) describe, (b) explain, and (c) predict classroom situations. Although the acquisition of underling knowledge can be considered as a key element of university-based teacher education programmes, to date, there has been little empirical research on teacher candidates' development of professional vision.


AIMS
This study aims to improve understanding of how different university-based courses in teaching and learning impact the development of professional vision.


SAMPLE
Participants were teacher candidates (N= 53) attending the same teacher education programme at a German university. They were enrolled in one of three different compulsory courses in teaching and learning, lasting one semester.


METHODS
In a pre-test-post-test design, participants' declarative knowledge about teaching and learning was measured with a test, professional vision with the online tool Observer. Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted.


RESULTS
Teacher candidates in all three courses showed significant gains both in declarative knowledge and professional vision. Patterns of results differed depending on the course attended. A video-based course with a focus on effective teaching resulted in highest gains in prediction of the consequences of observed events for student learning processes, which is the highest level of knowledge transfer.


CONCLUSION
The development of professional vision is a strongly knowledge-guided process. In line with their content and aims, university-based courses can enhance teaching-relevant knowledge for teacher candidates.
Data-driven perceptually based join costs

Concatenative speech synthesis systems attempt to minimize audible discontinuities between two successive concatenated units. In unit selection concatenative synthesis, a join cost is calculated that is intended to predict the extent of audible discontinuity introduced by the concatenation of two specific units. A study was conducted that used human perceptual data on the detectability of mid-vowel concatenation discontinuities to train and to test several models for predicting perceptually-based join costs. Both linear regression (LR) and classification and regression tree (CART) models were used. Each was trained on several different sets of predictor variables. All LR and some CART models used strictly acoustic predictor variables, some CART models used acoustic plus phonetic categorical variables, and one CART model used strictly phonetic predictors. Results from tests of LR and CART models showed that, when trained with the same acoustic predictor variables, the two models achieved very similar results in predicting human detection rates. Euclidean cepstral distances were superior to VQ cepstral distances as predictor variables. Categorical phonetic predictor variables in CART models greatly improved the accuracy of prediction of concatenation discontinuities.
Visual and non-visual cues in the perception of linear self motion

Surprisingly little is known of the perceptual consequences of visual or vestibular stimulation in updating our perceived position in space as we move around. We assessed the roles of visual and vestibular cues in determining the perceived distance of passive, linear self motion. Subjects were given cues to constant-acceleration motion: either optic flow presented in a virtual reality display, physical motion in the dark or combinations of visual and physical motions. Subjects indicated when they perceived they had traversed a distance that had been previously given to them either visually or physically. The perceived distance of motion evoked by optic flow was accurate relative to a previously presented visual target but was perceptually equivalent to about half the physical motion. The perceived distance of physical motion in the dark was accurate relative to a previously presented physical motion but was perceptually equivalent to a much longer visually presented distance. The perceived distance of self motion when both visual and physical cues were present was more closely perceptually equivalent to the physical motion experienced rather than the simultaneous visual motion, even when the target was presented visually. We discuss this dominance of the physical cues in determining the perceived distance of self motion in terms of capture by non-visual cues. These findings are related to emerging studies that show the importance of vestibular input to neural mechanisms that process self motion.
How healthy is urban horticulture in high traffic areas? Trace metal concentrations in vegetable crops from plantings within inner city neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany.

Food production by urban dwellers is of growing importance in developing and developed countries. Urban horticulture is associated with health risks as crops in urban settings are generally exposed to higher levels of pollutants than those in rural areas. We determined the concentration of trace metals in the biomass of different horticultural crops grown in the inner city of Berlin, Germany, and analysed how the local setting shaped the concentration patterns. We revealed significant differences in trace metal concentrations depending on local traffic, crop species, planting style and building structures, but not on vegetable type. Higher overall traffic burden increased trace metal content in the biomass. The presence of buildings and large masses of vegetation as barriers between crops and roads reduced trace metal content in the biomass. Based on this we discuss consequences for urban horticulture, risk assessment, and planting and monitoring guidelines for cultivation and consumption of crops.
Fabrication and Performance of Polyacrylate / Hollow ZnO Composite Emulsion for Leather Film-forming Agent

A facile hydrothermal method was used to fabricate hollow ZnO spheres. The structure and morphology of as-obtained hollow ZnO spheres were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Then, polyacrylate/hollow ZnO composite emulsion was obtained by physical blending of polyacrylate emulsion and hollow ZnO spheres. The effect of contents of hollow ZnO spheres on water vapor permeability, water resistance and mechanical property of polyacrylate film were investigated. The results showed that well-designed and monodispersed hollow ZnO spheres were successfully prepared and the shell was composed with small islands. Hollow ZnO spheres were conductive to the improvement of water vapor permeability as well as water resistance of composite films, because their hollow structures provided more free volume and larger specific surface area for composite films. However, the mechanical property of composite films was invariant after adding hollow ZnO spheres. In short, the composite film containing 1.0 wt% hollow ZnO spheres showed the best comprehensive performances.
Selecting green suppliers based on GSCM practices: Using fuzzy TOPSIS applied to a Brazilian electronics company

Due to an increased awareness and significant environmental pressures from various stakeholders, companies have begun to realize the significance of incorporating green practices into their daily activities. This paper proposes a framework using Fuzzy TOPSIS to select green suppliers for a Brazilian electronics company; our framework is built on the criteria of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. An empirical analysis is made, and the data are collected from a set of 12 available suppliers. We use a fuzzy TOPSIS approach to rank the suppliers, and the results of the proposed framework are compared with the ranks obtained by both the geometric mean and the graded mean methods of fuzzy TOPSIS methodology. Then a Spearman rank correlation coefficient is used to find the statistical difference between the ranks obtained by the three methods. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to examine the influence of the preferences given by the decision makers for the chosen GSCM practices on the selection of green suppliers. Results indicate that the four dominant criteria are Commitment of senior management to GSCM; Product designs that reduce, reuse, recycle, or reclaim materials, components, or energy; Compliance with legal environmental requirements and auditing programs; and Product designs that avoid or reduce toxic or hazardous material use. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.