LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Gender- and age-related differences in clinical presentation and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION
Contemporary generalizable data on the demographics and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in routine clinical practice are sparse. Using the data from the CLARIFY registry we describe gender- and age-related differences in baseline characteristics and management of these patients across broad geographic regions.


METHODS
This international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry enrolled stable CAD outpatients from 45 countries in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and North, Central, and South America.


RESULTS
Baseline data were available for 33280 patients. Mean (SD) age was 64 (10.5) years and 22.5% of patients were female. The prevalence of CAD risk factors was generally higher in women than in men. Women were older (66.6 vs 63.4 years), more frequently diagnosed with diabetes (33% vs 28%), hypertension (79% vs 69%), and higher resting heart rate (69 vs 67 bpm), and were less physically active. Smoking and a history of myocardial infarction were more common in men. Women were more likely to have angina (28% vs 20%), but less likely to have undergone revascularization procedures. CAD was more likely to be asymptomatic in older patients perhaps because of reduced levels of physical activity. Prescription of evidence-based medication for secondary prevention varied with age, with patients ≥ 75 years treated less often with beta blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors than patients <65 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Important gender-related differences in clinical characteristics and management continue to exist in all age groups of outpatients with stable CAD.
A Personalized Company Recommender System for Job Seekers

Our team intends to develop a recommendation system for job seekers based on the information of current employees in big companies. Several models are implemented to achieve over 60% success rate in classifying employees, and we use these models to help job seekers identify their best fitting company.
Anorectal manometry in children with chronic functional constipation.

BACKGROUND
The anorectal manometry is a very utilized and well recognized examination in children with chronic functional constipation. The major manometric findings in these children are: anal hypotonia, anal hypertonia, paradoxal contraction of the external anal sphincter, decreased ability of internal anal sphincter to relax during rectal distension and alterations in rectal contractility, sensibility and compliance.


AIMS
To evaluate the anal basal pressure and the relaxation reflex before and after standard treatment for a better understanding of the physiopathologic mechanisms involved in pediatric chronic functional constipation.


METHODS
Anorectal manometry was performed before treatment on 20 children with chronic functional constipation aged 4 to 12 years and the results were compared to those obtained after standard treatment, with a good outcome.


RESULTS
There was a reduction in anal basal pressure after treatment, but no differences were detected between the anorectal manometries performed before and after treatment in terms of amplitude and duration of relaxation, residual pressure, latency time, or descent and ascent angle.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the anal basal pressure decreased in children recovering from chronic functional constipation, but the standard treatment did not provide all the conditions necessary for the relaxation reflex of constipated children to return to the values described in normal children.
The viral etiology of tomato yellow leaf curl disease - a review.

Glick E., Levy Y., Gafni Y. (2009): The viral etiology of tomato yellow leaf curl disease – a review. Plant Protect. Sci., 45: 81–97. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. As a result of its continuing rapid spread, it now afflicts more than 30 tomato growing countries in the Mediterranean basin, southern Asia, Africa, and South, Central and North America. The disease is caused by a group of viral species of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae (geminiviruses), referred to as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). These are transmitted by an insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, classified in the family Aleyrodidae. The genome of TYLCV generally consists of a single circular single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule, with only one exception in which two components were identified. It encodes six open reading frames, only one of which codes for the coat protein (CP) that represents a building block of the viral particle. TYLCV, like all other members of the Geminiviridae, has geminate particles, apparently consisting of two incomplete T = 1 icosahedra joined together to produce a structure with 22 pentameric capsomers and 110 identical CP subunits. Close to 50 years of intensive research into TYLCV epidemics has been conducted to find solutions to the severe problem caused by this virus. To date, breeding for resistance appears to be the best approach to controlling this disease, although only partially resistant varieties are commercially available. Since the virus consists of a ssDNA that replicates in the host-cell nucleus, the molecular mechanisms involved in its nuclear import have been the focus of our studies in recent years and results, as well as prospects, are discussed in this review. In addition, we describe our recent finding of a suppressor of gene silencing encoded by one of the TYLCV-Isr genes. This paper provides an overview of the most outstanding achievements in TYLCV research that may lead to more effective control strategies.
Process Assessment Considered Wasteful

Assessment Background In most assessment models, the organization evaluates its development capability against a set of “best practices” that are supposed to be found in effective organizations. The number of practices, their mastery, and their level of integration into the development organization determine the organization’s assessment score. There are a large number of process improvement initiatives, of which, the best known are the Software Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Model (SEI CMM), SPICE, the U.S. Department of Defense SDCE, ISO 9000, and ISO/IEC 12207. Some programs allow self assessment while others require outside certification. The SEI CMM is one of the best-known and most widely discussed software process improvement model. It defines five levels of organizational maturity, from initial or chaotic to optimizing. Each increasing maturity level, starting at level 2, has associated with it a set of key process areas. For example, level 2 includes, among other things, requirements management and project planning as key areas. Level 3 includes training and peer reviews. Levels 4 and 5 include software quality management and defect prevention, respectively. Each level also includes the process areas of its lower levels. The SEI also specifies the methods by which organizations can assess themselves against the CMM or use an outside agency to perform the assessment.
Understanding Locally Competitive Networks

Abstract: Recently proposed neural network activation functions such as rectified linear, maxout, and local winner-take-all have allowed for faster and more effective training of deep neural architectures on large and complex datasets. The common trait among these functions is that they implement local competition between small groups of computational units within a layer, so that only part of the network is activated for any given input pattern. In this paper, we attempt to visualize and understand this self-modularization, and suggest a unified explanation for the beneficial properties of such networks. We also show how our insights can be directly useful for efficiently performing retrieval over large datasets using neural networks.
Satellite selection for multi-constellation

There will be 70~90 navigation satellites operating at the same time when Glonass and Galileo reach full operation capability. As a result, the number of visible satellites can reach 30. Thus the positioning accuracy will be improved greatly. However, so many satellite measurements may burden the receiverpsilas processing element when to use them to find a solution and to do integrity monitoring. Satellite selection can decrease the number of measurements and as a result can shorten the computing time. ldquoDoes satellite selection be still needed for multi-constellation?rdquo At first, this paper analyses the amount of calculation of least square estimation techniques to calculate user position with different number of measurements. The results show that reducing the number of measurements can cut the amount of calculation greatly. Then the relationship between GDOP and the volume of polyhedron formed by the ends of unit user-to-satellite vectors is analyzed. We found that the relationship when the number of satellites is more than 4 is different with that when the number of satellites equals 4. Therefore the relationship when the number of satellites is more than 4 is researched in detail and a fast satellite selection method is proposed. The main idea is selecting a subset whose geometry is most similar to the optimal subset among all the visible satellites. The simulation tests prove that the fast satellite selection method can reduce the number of required subsets to look up the optimal geometry greatly and the increased GDOP is relatively small. Meanwhile, this method can not only be applicable for multi-constellation, but also for single constellation.
System level evaluation of TDD based LTE-Advanced MIMO-OFDMA systems

This paper presents system level downlink performance evaluation results for the TDD based LTE-Advanced networks utilizing some of the most recent technologies for mobile systems. The main enhanced technology components used in the systems include multi-user (MU)-MIMO, intra-site coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and space-time-frequency proportional fair scheduling. Performance comparison between single-user (SU)-MIMO, MU-MIMO and MU-MIMO with intra-site CoMP OFDMA systems is presented. System level results show that MU-MIMO and MU-MIMO with intra-site CoMP systems exceed the downlink cell average and cell edge user throughput requirements of the IMT-Advanced systems set by ITU-R in urban micro ITU environment. Furthermore, it is shown that MU-MIMO system with intra-site CoMP outperforms uncoordinated MU-MIMO system in terms of throughput. Hence, intra-site CoMP can be considered as a key technique to further improve the throughput performance of LTE-Advanced.
Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power

Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-s solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. These pla developed by Luz International Limited and referred to as Solar Electric Genera Systems (SEGS), range in size from 14 –80 MW and represent 354 MW of installe electric generating capacity. More than 2,000,000 m 2 of parabolic trough collector technology has been operating daily for up to 18 years, and as the year 2001 ended, plants had accumulated 127 years of operational experience. The Luz collector tec ogy has demonstrated its ability to operate in a commercial power plant environmen no other solar technology in the world. Although no new plants have been built s 1990, significant advancements in collector and plant design have been made poss the efforts of the SEGS plants operators, the parabolic trough industry, and solar rese laboratories around the world. This paper reviews the current state of the art of parab trough solar power technology and describes the R&D efforts that are in progres enhance this technology. The paper also shows how the economics of future par trough solar power plants are expected to improve. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1467922 #
Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs.

Reading Genetic Programming IE Automatic Discovery ofReusable Programs (GPII) in its entirety is not a task for the weak-willed because the book without appendices is about 650 pages. An entire previous book by the same author [1] is devoted to describing Genetic Programming (GP), while this book is a sequel extolling an extension called Automatically Defined Functions (ADFs). The author, John R. Koza, argues that ADFs can be used in conjunction with GP to improve its efficacy on large problems. "An automatically defined function (ADF) is a function (i.e., subroutine, procedure, module) that is dynamically evolved during a run of genetic programming and which may be called by a calling program (e.g., a main program) that is simultaneously being evolved" (p. 1). Dr. Koza recommends adding the ADF technique to the "GP toolkit." The book presents evidence that it is possible to interpret GP with ADFs as performing either a top-down process of problem decomposition or a bottom-up process of representational change to exploit identified regularities. This is stated as Main Point 1. Main Point 2 states that ADFs work by exploiting inherent regularities, symmetries, patterns, modularities, and homogeneities within a problem, though perhaps in ways that are very different from the style of programmers. Main Points 3 to 7 are appropriately qualified statements to the effect that, with a variety of problems, ADFs pay off be-
Resolving the crustal composition paradox by 3.8 billion years of slab failure magmatism and collisional recycling of continental crust

Abstract In the standard paradigm, continental crust is formed mainly by arc magmatism, but because the compositions of magma rising from the mantle are basaltic and continental crust is estimated to contain about 60% SiO 2 and much less MgO than basalt, the two do not match. To resolve this paradox, most researchers argue that large amounts of magmatic fractionation produce residual cumulates at the base of the crust, which because arcs are inferred to have magmatically thickened crust, form eclogites that ultimately founder and sink into the mantle. Not only are there problems with the contrasting bulk compositions, but the standard model also fails because prior to collision most modern arcs do not have thick crust, as documented by their eruption close to sea level, and in cases of ancient arc sequences, their intercalation with marine sedimentary rocks. Our study of Cretaceous batholiths in the North American Cordillera resolves the crustal composition paradox because we find that most are not arc-derived as commonly believed; but instead formed during the waning stages of collision and consequent slab failure. Because the batholiths typically have silica contents >60% and are derived directly from the mantle, we argue that they are the missing link in the formation of continental crust. Slab failure magmas worldwide are compositionally similar to tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites as old as 3.8 Ga, which points to their collective formation by slab failure and long-lived plate tectonics. Our model also provides (1) an alternative solution to interpret compiled detrital zircon arrays, because episodic peaks that coincide with periods of supercontinent amalgamation are easily interpreted to represent collisions with formation of new crust by slab failure; and (2) that models of early whole-earth differentiation are more reasonable than those invoking progressive growth of continental crust.
A best-evidence review of intervention studies for minimizing resistance-to-care behaviours for older adults with dementia in nursing homes.

AIM
To conduct a best-evidence review of non-pharmacological interventions for resistance-to-care behaviours of nursing home residents with dementia in a personal-care context.


BACKGROUND
Resistance to care is a major source of staff burnout in nursing homes and it is also a safety issue for the staff.


DESIGN
Best-evidence review.


DATA SOURCES
We searched for non-pharmacological intervention studies published from 1990-2012, written in English.


REVIEW METHODS
The search identified 19 intervention studies that examined the effects of interventions to reduce the resistance-to-care behaviours of nursing home residents with dementia in a personal-care context. These 19 papers met the quality assessment requirements of the critical appraisal criteria for experimental studies, which were published by the Joanna Briggs Institute.


RESULTS
Only three studies were RCTs and the rest were quasi-experimental. The sample size ranged from 7-127. Nine music interventions, such as pre-recorded music played to a group or playing a resident's preferred music, during his or her personal care, resulted in significant reductions in resistance-to-care behaviours. Resistance-to-care behaviours also were significantly reduced in three of four bathing interventions that focused on person-centred care. In the ability-focused interventions, only two out of five studies reported significant reductions in resistance-to-care behaviours.


CONCLUSION
Non-pharmacological interventions are options to consider to reduce resistance-to-care behaviours in older people with dementia, even though the evidence level is low, given the lack of alternatives. More randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm the effects of non-pharmacological interventions during personal care.
Effect of exercise on depression severity in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of depression in older people is high, treatment is inadequate, it creates a substantial burden and is a public health priority for which exercise has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy.


AIMS
To estimate the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms among older people, and assess whether treatment effect varies depending on the depression criteria used to determine participant eligibility.


METHOD
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of exercise for depression in older people.


RESULTS
Nine trials met the inclusion criteria and seven were meta-analysed. Exercise was associated with significantly lower depression severity (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.34, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.17), irrespective of whether participant eligibility was determined by clinical diagnosis (SMD = -0.38, 95% CI -0.67 to -0.10) or symptom checklist (SMD = -0.34, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.06). Results remained significant in sensitivity analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that, for older people who present with clinically meaningful symptoms of depression, prescribing structured exercise tailored to individual ability will reduce depression severity.
Triple Handshakes and Cookie Cutters: Breaking and Fixing Authentication over TLS

TLS was designed as a transparent channel abstraction to allow developers with no cryptographic expertise to protect their application against attackers that may control some clients, some servers, and may have the capability to tamper with network connections. However, the security guarantees of TLS fall short of those of a secure channel, leading to a variety of attacks. We show how some widespread false beliefs about these guarantees can be exploited to attack popular applications and defeat several standard authentication methods that rely too naively on TLS. We present new client impersonation attacks against TLS renegotiations, wireless networks, challenge-response protocols, and channel-bound cookies. Our attacks exploit combinations of RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange, session resumption, and renegotiation to bypass many recent countermeasures. We also demonstrate new ways to exploit known weaknesses of HTTP over TLS. We investigate the root causes for these attacks and propose new countermeasures. At the protocol level, we design and implement two new TLS extensions that strengthen the authentication guarantees of the handshake. At the application level, we develop an exemplary HTTPS client library that implements several mitigations, on top of a previously verified TLS implementation, and verify that their composition provides strong, simple application security.
Further observations on respiratory flow-volume loops: clinical evaluation of a new oral bronchodilator, CP-12,521-1.

PRESSUBE, VOLUME, AND FLOW DATA obtained during spirometry and plotted as pressure-volume or flow-volume loops have been used in the study of respiratory mechanics. Pressure-volume loops are used for the display of data generated in the measurement of static and dynamic compliance of the lungs and/or chest wall. 1-~ Flow-volume loops have been used for the quick pattern-recognition of various pulmonary diseases ~-6 and in the evaluation of the effects of drugs on the lower airways. 7,8 Based on a technical modiflcation 9 of the original method described by Fry and Hyatt, we evaluated a new oral bronehodilator, cp-12,521-1 (Fig. 1) in the management of patients with asthma.
Response to comments by Plataki and Williams

Sir: We concur with Drs Plataki, Vaporidi and Georgopoulos that if one uses recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC), to be safe it should be done very selectively in patients with no “contraindications”. Drs Williams, Macias and Rustige are also correct in that one of the major concerns raised during initial evaluation of rhAPC by the advisory committee to the United States Food and Drug Administration was that the risk of hemorrhage with rhAPC would likely increase when it was used in less controlled clinical settings [1]. Unfortunately, since its approval rhAPC has also failed in subsequent trials to show benefit in low-risk adult patients and in pediatric patients [2, 3]. In post-marketing studies rhAPC has also had a significantly different effect (i.e. no benefit) in the subgroup of high-risk adult patients its use was originally recommended for. Whether this is because the agent lacks efficacy or because those who will benefit from it have not been clearly identified is unknown. Regardless, we hold to our editorial’s conclusion that our understanding of the risk to benefit ratio of rhAPC has changed since approval. It is encouraging, though, that questions about the efficacy of rhAPC since that approval—which have only increased with newer data becoming available—may finally be answered by the randomized trial in high-risk patients requested by the European Medicines Agency and now planned by Eli Lilly and Company [4, 5].
Tinmith-Hand: Unified User Interface Technology for Mobile Outdoor Augmented Reality and Indoor Virtual Reality

This paper presents a unified user interface technology, using 3D interaction techniques, constructive solid geometry, and a glove based menuing system, known as TinmithHand, to support mobile outdoor augmented reality applications and indoor virtual reality applications. TinmithHand uses similar concepts for both domains so that AR and VR applications are consistent and simple to use. The future goal of this user interface is to allow collaboration between outdoor AR and indoor VR systems.