LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Electronic Stability Control Based on Motor Driving and Braking Torque Distribution for a Four In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle

An electronic stability control (ESC) algorithm is proposed for a four in-wheel motor independent-drive electric vehicle (4MIDEV) utilizing motor driving and regenerative braking torque distribution control to improve vehicle stability. A stability judgment controller, an upper level controller, and a torque distribution algorithm are designed for the ESC system. The stability judgment controller is designed to generate the desired yaw rate and sideslip angle for vehicle stability, and the control mode, which is normal driving mode or ESC mode, is set according to the driver inputs and measurement signal inputs. The upper level controller consists of a speed tracking controller, a yaw moment controller, and four wheel-slip controllers to calculate the desired value of traction force, the desired value of yaw moment, and the four respective net torque inputs of the four in-wheel motors. The torque distribution algorithm is designed to generate each motor driving torque or regenerative braking torque input for each wheel. An average torque distribution strategy, a tire-dynamic-load-based torque distribution strategy, and a minimum-objective-function-based optimal torque distribution strategy are used separately in the torque distribution algorithm to control the motor driving torque or regenerative braking torque for vehicle stability enhancement. The proposed ESC algorithm was implemented and evaluated in a CarSim vehicle model and a MATLAB/Simulink control model. The three proposed torque distribution strategies can be used to regulate the vehicle to perform the following tasks: “single lane change,” “double lane change,” and “snake lane change.” The simulation studies show that the yaw rate error root mean square [RMS  $(\gamma-\gamma_\mathrm{-des})$] decreased, on average, by 75 percent using the proposed optimal torque distribution algorithm compared with that without using stability control.
Quantum dot-based lab-on-a-bead system for multiplexed detection of free and total prostate-specific antigens in clinical human serum samples.

UNLABELLED
An immunodiagnostic lab-on-a-bead suspension microarray based on microbeads encoded with quantum dots (QDs) has been developed and preclinically validated for multiplexed quantitative detection of prostate cancer markers in human serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the microarray are similar to those of "gold-standard" single-analyte ELISA. Moreover, the array has an improved immunoassay capacity, ensures quantitative detection of multiple cancer biomarkers and may be operational in a considerably wider dynamic range of concentrations. The array is characterized by reduced time and cost of analysis and is compatible with classical flow cytometers. Proof-of-concept preclinical tests ensured simultaneous quantitative determination of free and total prostate-specific antigens in human serum, with clear discrimination between the control and clinical samples. The proposed approach is flexible and paves the way to development of a wide variety of immunodiagnostic assays for multiplexed early diagnosis of various diseases.


FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR
Early diagnosis of cancer can result in better prognosis for patients. Thus, the use of specific tumor markers is widely employed in clinical practice. Traditional screening methods only employ single markers. The authors here developed a microarray system based on microbeads encoded with quantum dots (QDs), which can be used for multiplexed quantitative detection. The validated results on patient samples should lead to the development of a wider variety of assays for other diseases.
A Novel Method of Assessment for Monitoring Neuromuscular Fatigue Within Australian Rules Football Players.

PURPOSE:
To compare the sensitivity of a submaximal run test (SRT) with a countermovement jump (CMJ) test to provide an alternate method of measuring neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) in high performance sport.


METHODS:
23 professional and semi-professional Australian rules football (ARF) players, performed a SRT and CMJ test, pre-match, 48- and 96-hours post-match. Variables from accelerometers recorded during the SRT were; player load 1D up (PL1Dup) (vertical vector); player load 1D side (PL1Dside) (medio-lateral vector); and player load 1D forward (PL1Dfwd) (anterio-posterior vector). Meaningful difference was examined through magnitude-based inferences (effect-size; ES), with reliability assessed as typical error of measurements expressed as coefficient of variance (CV).


RESULTS:
A small decrease in CMJH; ES -0.43 ± 0.39 (likely) was observed 48 hours post-match before returning to baseline 96 hours post-match. This was accompanied by corresponding moderate decreases in the SRT variables; PL1Dup; ES -0.60 ± 0.51 (likely) and PL1Dside; ES -0.74 ± 0.57 (likely) 48 hours post-match before also returning to pre-match baseline.


CONCLUSION:
The results suggest that in the presence of NMF, players utilise an alternative running profile to produce the same external output (i.e. time). This supports changes in accelerometer variables during a SRT can be used as an alternate method of measuring NMF in high performance ARF and provides a flexible option for monitoring changes within the recovery phase post-match.
13.8 A 32kb SRAM for error-free and error-tolerant applications with dynamic energy-quality management in 28nm CMOS

Voltage scaling is widely used to improve SRAM energy efficiency [1-2], particularly in mobile systems with tight power budgets. The resulting energy benefits are limited by the minimum voltage ensuring error-free operation, Vmin, which has stagnated due to growing process variation in advanced technology nodes [3]. Error-tolerant applications and systems (e.g., multimedia) allow more aggressive voltage scaling by operating below Vmin, which is acceptable if errors due to bitcell write/read failures do not perceptibly reduce application quality (e.g., image quality). Unfortunately, in traditional SRAMs bit error rate degrades rapidly for VDD <; Vmin [4], limiting energy gains. Under a given quality target, further energy reduction is possible through application-specific methods that exploit the features of data stored in a given application [4-5]. However, these approaches are not reusable across applications, and further the energy-quality trade-off is fixed at design time, which degrades energy savings in applications with lower quality targets and in chips near typical corner.
Are GANs Created Equal? A Large-Scale Study

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) are a powerful subclass of generative models. Despite a very rich research activity leading to numerous interesting GAN algorithms, it is still very hard to assess which algorithm(s) perform better than others. We conduct a neutral, multi-faceted large-scale empirical study on state-of-the art models and evaluation measures. We find that most models can reach similar scores with enough hyperparameter optimization and random restarts. This suggests that improvements can arise from a higher computational budget and tuning more than fundamental algorithmic changes. To overcome some limitations of the current metrics, we also propose several data sets on which precision and recall can be computed. Our experimental results suggest that future GAN research should be based on more systematic and objective evaluation procedures. Finally, we did not find evidence that any of the tested algorithms consistently outperforms the non-saturating GAN introduced in [9].
Plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate and future risk of myocardial infarction in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam cohort.

BACKGROUND
Retrospective studies indicate that low concentrations of plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) are associated with cardiovascular events; however, few prospective studies of this issue have been conducted.


OBJECTIVE
We therefore investigated whether PLP concentrations are independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Potsdam Study.


DESIGN
After exclusion of prevalent MI or stroke, incident cases of MI were identified among 26 761 participants (aged 35-65 y at baseline). The current analysis is based on a nested case-cohort study consisting of a control group of 810 subjects without MI or stroke at baseline and a case group of 148 subjects who had an MI during a mean follow-up period of 6.0 +/- 1.5 y. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between plasma PLP and risk of MI.


RESULTS
In the age- and sex-adjusted analysis, subjects in the highest quintile of PLP had a significantly reduced risk of MI (hazard ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.83). Adjustment for either low-grade inflammation or smoking diminished this association. When both low-grade inflammation and smoking were adjusted for, the association was abolished. In addition, adjustment for established risk factors also abolished the association between PLP and risk of MI.


CONCLUSION
These findings from a prospective German cohort study suggest that PLP is not independently associated with risk of MI.
The impact of dry versus moist heat on peripheral IV catheter insertion in a hematology-oncology outpatient population.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To determine whether dry versus moist heat application to the upper extremity improves IV insertion rates.


DESIGN
Two-group, randomized, controlled clinical design.


SETTING
An academic cancer infusion center in the western United States.


SAMPLE
136 hematologic outpatients with cancer or other malignancies.


METHODS
Participants were randomly assigned to dry or moist heat with warmed towels wrapped around each patient's arm for seven minutes prior to IV insertion. Skin and room temperatures were monitored pre- and postwarming. Two experienced chemotherapy infusion nurses performed the venipunctures according to protocol. Outcomes were examined using variance analysis, with 34 patients for each combination of nurse and heat type.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Number of IV insertion attempts, time to achieve IV insertion postheating, patient anxiety levels pre- and postheating, and patient comfort.


FINDINGS
Dry heat was 2.7 times more likely than moist heat to result in successful IV insertion on the first attempt, had significantly lower insertion times, and was more comfortable. Heat type had no effect on patient anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
Dry heat application decreases the likelihood of multiple IV insertion attempts and procedure time and is comfortable, safe, and economical to use in an outpatient oncology setting.
The joint student response analysis and recognizing textual entailment challenge: making sense of student responses in educational applications

We present the results of the Joint Student Response Analysis and 8th Recognizing Textual Entailment Challenge. The goal of this challenge was to bring together researchers from the Educational Natural Language Processing and Computational Semantics communities. The goal of the Student Response Analysis (SRA) task is to assess student responses to questions in the science domain, focusing on correctness and completeness of the response content. Nine teams took part in the challenge, submitting a total of 18 runs using methods and features adapted from previous research on Automated Short Answer Grading, Recognizing Textual Entailment and Semantic Textual Similarity. We provide an extended analysis of the results focusing on the impact of evaluation metrics, application scenarios and the methods and features used by the participants. We conclude that additional research is required to be able to leverage syntactic dependency features and external semantic resources for this task, possibly due to limited coverage of scientific domains in existing resources. However, each of three approaches to using features and models adjusted to application scenarios achieved better system performance, meriting further investigation by the research community. The research reported here was supported by the US ONR award N000141410733 and by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R305A120808 to the University of North Texas. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute of Education Sciences or the U.S. Department of Education. M.O. Dzikovska School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom E-mail: m.dzikovska@ed.ac.uk R.D. Nielsen University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA E-mail: Rodney.Nielsen@UNT.edu Claudia Leacock McGraw Hill Education/CTB, USA E-mail: claudia.leacock@ctb.com 2 M. Dzikovska, R. Nielsen, C. Leacock
The methionine synthase reductase 66A>G polymorphism is a maternal risk factor for spina bifida

The methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) enzyme restores methionine synthase (MTR) enzyme activity and therefore plays an essential role in homocysteine remethylation. In some studies, the 66A>G polymorphism in the MTRR gene was associated with increased neural tube defect (NTD) risk. Using a case-control design, we studied the association between the MTRR 66A>G polymorphism and spina bifida risk in 121 mothers, 109 spina bifida patients, 292 control women, and 234 pediatric controls. Possible interactions between the MTRR 66A>G variant and the MTR 2756A>G polymorphism, the MTHFR 677C>T variant, plasma vitamin B12, and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels were examined in the 121 mothers and 292 control women. Meta-analyses were conducted to set the results of the case-control study in the context of eligible literature on the relation between the MTRR 66A>G variant and NTD risk. Finally, a transmission disequilibrium test was performed for 82 complete mother–father–child triads to test for preferential transmission of the MTRR risk allele. In our case-control study, the MTRR 66A>G polymorphism had no influence on spina bifida risk in children [odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–1.1]. The MTRR 66GG genotype increased maternal spina bifida risk by 2.1-fold (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3). This risk became more pronounced in combination with the MTHFR 677TT genotype (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3–12.5). Moreover, we demonstrate a possible interaction between the MTRR 66GG genotype and high plasma MMA levels (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.2–13.5). The meta-analyses demonstrated that the maternal MTRR 66GG genotype was associated with an overall 55% (95% CI 1.04–2.30) increase in NTD risk and that the MTRR 66GG genotype did not increase NTD risk in children (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.46–2.01). These data show that the MTRR 66GG genotype is a maternal risk factor for spina bifida especially when intracellular vitamin B12 status is low.
Curative effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia and explore its mechanism.


METHODS
One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group. Sixty patients in the experiment group were treated once a day with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) and with moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1). Sixty patients in the control group were acupunctured once a day at Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to compare sleep improvement between the two groups.


RESULTS
The total effective rate was 87.7% in the experiment group and 76.3% in the control group. The PSQI scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before treatment in both groups. However, the reduction in the experiment group was greater than that in the control group in sleeping quality, time to fall asleep, sleeping disorder, and daytime function (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) significantly improved insomnia symptoms in the experiment group compared with the control group.
Numerical Simulations in Cosmology I: Methods

This lecture gives a short introduction to different methods used in cosmology. The focus is on major features of N-body simulations: equations, main numerical techniques, effects of resolution, and methods of halo identification.
Physical activity in relation to knee cartilage T2 progression measured with 3 T MRI over a period of 4 years: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the longitudinal association between physical activity levels and early degenerative cartilage changes in the knee, measured using T2 relaxation times over a period of 4 years in individuals without clinical or radiographic evidence of OA.


DESIGN
Cartilage T2 was measured at baseline and after 2 and 4 years in 205 subjects aged 45-60 years from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) incidence and normal cohorts with no knee pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score of zero), and a Kellgren Lawrence (KL) score of <2 at baseline. Physical activity was scored using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire, which was obtained yearly over 4 years. The relationship between physical activity and T2 was studied using a mixed model linear regression, including random effects, and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).


RESULTS
T2 values for all PASE tertiles progressed over the 4-year period. T2 progression was increased in the highest tertile of physical activity compared to the mid-tertile at the medial tibia (MT) (P = 0.041), patella (Pat) (P = 0.019), and average T2 of all knee compartments combined (P = 0.033). Subjects with the lowest 15% PASE scores showed significantly higher T2 progression compared to the mid-level physical activity group at the lateral femur (LF) (P = 0.025), lateral tibia (LT) (P = 0.043), medial femur (MF) (P = 0.044), tibiofemoral compartment (P = 0.017), patellofemoral compartment (P = 0.016), lateral compartments (P = 0.003), and average of all compartments (P = 0.043).


CONCLUSION
High and very low PASE scores were associated with greater progression of cartilage T2 measurements in asymptomatic, middle-aged individuals, suggesting accelerated cartilage matrix biochemical degeneration over time.
Strategies for Successful Information Technology Adoption in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Information Technology (IT) adoption is an important field of study in a number of areas, which include small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Due to the numerous advantages of IT, SMEs are trying to adopt IT applications to support their businesses. IT adoption by SMEs differs from larger organizations because of their specific characteristics, such as resources constraints. Therefore, this research aims to provide a better and clearer understanding of IT adoption within SMEs by reviewing and analyzing current IT literature. In this research, the review of literature includes theories, perspectives, empirical research and case studies related to IT adoption, in particular within SMEs from various databases such as Business Premier, Science Direct, JStor, Emerald Insight and Springer Link. The proposed model of effective IT adoption is believed to provide managers, vendors, consultants and governments with a practical synopsis of the IT adoption process in SMEs, which will in turn assist them to be successful with IT institutionalization within these businesses.
Skill-based differences in spatio-temporal team behaviour in defence of the Ancients 2 (DotA 2)

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games are among the most played digital games in the world. In these games, teams of players fight against each other in arena environments, and the gameplay is focussed on tactical combat. In this paper, we present three data-driven measures of spatio-temporal behaviour in Defence of the Ancients 2 (DotA 2): 1) Zone changes; 2) Distribution of team members and: 3) Time series clustering via a fuzzy approach. We present a method for obtaining accurate positional data from DotA 2. We investigate how behaviour varies across these measures as a function of the skill level of teams, using four tiers from novice to professional players. Results from three analyses indicate that spatio-temporal behaviour of MOBA teams is highly related to team skill.
Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs β-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing across most ages in both sexes. This is contributing to the early emergence of type 2 diabetes and its related epidemic. Having either parent obese is an independent risk factor for childhood obesity. Although the detrimental impacts of diet-induced maternal obesity on adiposity and metabolism in offspring are well established, the extent of any contribution of obese fathers is unclear, particularly the role of non-genetic factors in the causal pathway. Here we show that paternal high-fat-diet (HFD) exposure programs β-cell ‘dysfunction’ in rat F1 female offspring. Chronic HFD consumption in Sprague–Dawley fathers induced increased body weight, adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Relative to controls, their female offspring had an early onset of impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance that worsened with time, and normal adiposity. Paternal HFD altered the expression of 642 pancreatic islet genes in adult female offspring (P < 0.01); genes belonged to 13 functional clusters, including cation and ATP binding, cytoskeleton and intracellular transport. Broader pathway analysis of 2,492 genes differentially expressed (P < 0.05) demonstrated involvement of calcium-, MAPK- and Wnt-signalling pathways, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Hypomethylation of the Il13ra2 gene, which showed the highest fold difference in expression (1.76-fold increase), was demonstrated. This is the first report in mammals of non-genetic, intergenerational transmission of metabolic sequelae of a HFD from father to offspring.
Explainable Recommendation: A Survey and New Perspectives

Explainable Recommendation refers to the personalized recommendation algorithms that address the problem of why they not only provide users with the recommendations, but also provide explanations to make the user or system designer aware of why such items are recommended. In this way, it helps to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, persuasiveness, and user satisfaction of recommendation systems. In recent years, a large number of explainable recommendation approaches – especially model-based explainable recommendation algorithms – have been proposed and adopted in real-world systems. In this survey, we review the work on explainable recommendation that has been published in or before the year of 2018. We first highlight the position of explainable recommendation in recommender system research by categorizing recommendation problems into the 5W, i.e., what, when, who, where, and why. We then conduct a comprehensive survey of explainable recommendation itself in terms of three aspects: 1) We provide a chronological research line of explanations in recommender systems, including the user study approaches in the early years, as well as the more recent model-based approaches. 2) We provide a taxonomy for explainable recommendation algorithms, including user-based, item-based, model-based, and post-model explanations. 3) We summarize the application of explainable recommendation in different recommendation tasks, including product recommendation, social recommendation, POI recommendation, etc. We devote a section to discuss the explanation perspectives in the broader IR and machine learning settings, as well as their relationship with explainable recommendation research. We end the survey by discussing potential future research directions to promote the explainable recommendation research area. now Publishers Inc.. Explainable Recommendation: A Survey and New Perspectives. Foundations and Trends © in Information Retrieval, vol. XX, no. XX, pp. 1–87, 2018. DOI: 10.1561/XXXXXXXXXX.