LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Serum galactomannan versus a combination of galactomannan and polymerase chain reaction-based Aspergillus DNA detection for early therapy of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk hematological patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
The benefit of the combination of serum galactomannan (GM) assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of serum Aspergillus DNA for the early diagnosis and therapy of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in high-risk hematological patients remains unclear.


METHODS
We performed an open-label, controlled, parallel-group randomized trial in 13 Spanish centers. Adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome on induction therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients were randomized (1:1 ratio) to 1 of 2 arms: "GM-PCR group" (the results of serial serum GM and PCR assays were provided to treating physicians) and "GM group" (only the results of serum GM were informed). Positivity in either assay prompted thoracic computed tomography scan and initiation of antifungal therapy. No antimold prophylaxis was permitted.


RESULTS
Overall, 219 patients underwent randomization (105 in the GM-PCR group and 114 in the GM group). The cumulative incidence of "proven" or "probable" IA (primary study outcome) was lower in the GM-PCR group (4.2% vs 13.1%; odds ratio, 0.29 [95% confidence interval, .09-.91]). The median interval from the start of monitoring to the diagnosis of IA was lower in the GM-PCR group (13 vs 20 days; P = .022), as well as the use of empirical antifungal therapy (16.7% vs 29.0%; P = .038). Patients in the GM-PCR group had higher proven or probable IA-free survival (P = .027).


CONCLUSIONS
A combined monitoring strategy based on serum GM and Aspergillus DNA was associated with an earlier diagnosis and a lower incidence of IA in high-risk hematological patients. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01742026.
Effect of Y2O3 addition on microstructure of Ni-based alloy + Y2O3/substrate laser clad

Abstract To improve hardness and corrosion resistance of aluminum substrate, using laser cladding technique, metal composite with Ni-based alloy, refining and dispersion strengthening Y 2 O 3 , particle hardening W, Cr was obtained. The microstructure and morphology, phase identification, element diffusion and composition analysis of the Ni-based alloy + Y 2 O 3 /substrate laser clad and laser clad/aluminum substrate interface were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. The corrosion resistance was investigated also. The results showed, with the addition of Y 2 O 3 , more fine microstructures consisted of isometric crystal, white acicular crystal and fringe crystal; primary phases were mainly Ni 3 Al, NiAl, NiAl 3 , W, α-Al and Cr x C. The corrosion rate of aluminum substrate was nearly two times more than that of laser clad metals with addition of Y 2 O 3 .
Minimizing the evidence-practice gap – a prospective cohort study incorporating balance training into pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND
We have recently demonstrated the efficacy of balance training in addition to Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) at improving measures of balance associated with an increased risk of falls in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Few knowledge translation (KT) projects have been conducted in rehabilitation settings. The goal of this study was to translate lessons learnt from efficacy studies of balance training into a sustainable clinical service.


METHODS
Health care professionals (HCPs) responsible for delivering PR were given an hour of instruction on the principles and practical application of balance training and the researchers offered advice regarding; prescription, progression and practical demonstrations during the first week. Balance training was incorporated three times a week into conventional PR programs. Following the program, HCPs participated in a focus group exploring their experiences of delivering balance training alongside PR. Service users completed satisfaction surveys as well as standardized measures of balance control. At six month follow-up, the sustainability of balance training was explored.


RESULTS
HCPs considered the training to be effective at improving balance and the support provided by the researchers was viewed as helpful. HCPs identified a number of strategies to facilitate balance training within PR, including; training twice a week, incorporating an interval training program for everyone enrolled in PR, providing visual aids to training and promoting independence by; providing a set program, considering the environment and initiating a home-based exercise program early. Nineteen service users completed the balance training [ten male mean (SD) age 73 (6) y]. Sixteen patients (84%) enjoyed balance training and reported that it helped them with everyday activities and 18 (95%) indicated their wish to continue with it. Scores on balance measures improved following PR that included balance training (all p < 0.05). At six month follow-up balance training is being routinely assessed and delivered as part of standardised PR.


CONCLUSIONS
Implementing balance training into PR programs, with support and training for HCPs, is feasible, effective and sustainable.


TRAIL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trials ID: NCT02080442 (05/03/2014).
Query and Output: Generating Words by Querying Distributed Word Representations for Paraphrase Generation

Task: Paraphrase generation Problem: The existing sequence-to-sequence model tends to memorize the words and the patterns in the training dataset instead of learning the meaning of the words. Therefore, the generated sentences are often grammatically correct but semantically improper. Proposal: a novel model based on the encoder-decoder framework, called Word Embedding Attention Network (WEAN). Our proposed model generates the words by querying distributed word representations (i.e. neural word embeddings), hoping to capturing the meaning of the according words. Example of RNN Generated Summary Text: 昨晚,中联航空成都飞北京一架航班被发现有多人吸烟。后 因天气原因,飞机备降太原机场。有乘客要求重新安检,机长决 定继续飞行,引起机组人员与未吸烟乘客冲突。 Last night, several people were caught to smoke on a flight of China United Airlines from Chendu to Beijing. Later the flight temporarily landed on Taiyuan Airport. Some passengers asked for a security check but were denied by the captain, which led to a collision between crew and passengers. RNN: 中联航空机场发生爆炸致多人死亡。 China United Airlines exploded in the airport, leaving several people dead. Gold: 航班多人吸烟机组人员与乘客冲突。 Several people smoked on a flight which led to a collision between crew and passengers. Proposed Model Our Semantic Relevance Based neural model. It consists of decoder (above), encoder (below) and cosine similarity function. Experiments Dataset: Large Scale Chinese Short Text Summarization Dataset (LCSTS) Results of our model and baseline systems. Our models achieve substantial improvement of all ROUGE scores over baseline systems. (W: Word level; C: Character level). Example of SRB Generated Summary Text: 仔细一算,上海的互联网公司不乏成功案例,但最终成为BAT一 类巨头的几乎没有,这也能解释为何纳税百强的榜单中鲜少互联网公司 的身影。有一类是被并购,比如:易趣、土豆网、PPS、PPTV、一号店 等;有一类是数年偏安于细分市场。 With careful calculation, there are many successful Internet companies in Shanghai, but few of them becomes giant company like BAT. This is also the reason why few Internet companies are listed in top hundred companies of paying tax. Some of them are merged, such as Ebay, Tudou, PPS, PPTV, Yihaodian and so on. Others are satisfied with segment market for years. Gold:为什么上海出不了互联网巨头? Why Shanghai comes out no giant company? RNN context:上海的互联网巨头。 Shanghai's giant company. SRB:上海鲜少互联网巨头的身影。 Shanghai has few giant companies. Proposed Model Text Representation Source text representation Vt = hN Generated summary representation Vs = sM − hN Semantic Relevance cosine similarity function cos Vs, Vt = Vt∙Vs Vt Vs Training Objective function L = −p y x; θ − λ cos Vs, Vt Conclusion Our work aims at improving semantic relevance of generated summaries and source texts for Chinese social media text summarization. Our model is able to transform the text and the summary into a dense vector, and encourage high similarity of their representation. Experiments show that our model outperforms baseline systems, and the generated summary has higher semantic relevance.
Elaboration and validation of instrument to assess adherence to
hypertension treatment

OBJECTIVE
To elaborate and validate an instrument of adherence to treatment for systemic arterial hypertension, based on Item Response Theory.


METHODS
The process of developing this instrument involved theoretical, empirical and analytical procedures. The theoretical procedures included defining the construct of adherence to systemic arterial hypertension treatment, identifying areas involved and preparing the instrument. The instrument underwent semantic and conceptual analysis by experts. The empirical procedure involved the application of the instrument to 1,000 users with systemic arterial hypertension treated at a referral center in Fortaleza, CE, Northeastern Brazil, in 2012.. The analytical phase validated the instrument through psychometric analysis and statistical procedures. The Item Response Theory model used in the analysis was the Samejima Gradual Response model.


RESULTS
Twelve of the 23 items of the original instrument were calibrated and remained in the final version. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) was 0.81. Items related to the use of medication when presenting symptoms and the use of fat showed good performance as they were more capable of discriminating individuals who adhered to treatment. To ever stop taking the medication and the consumption of white meat showed less power of discrimination. Items related to physical exercise and routinely following the non-pharmacological treatment had most difficulty to respond. The instrument was more suitable for measuring low adherence to hypertension treatment than high.


CONCLUSIONS
The instrument proved to be an adequate tool to assess adherence to treatment for systemic arterial hypertension since it manages to differentiate individuals with high from those with low adherence. Its use could facilitate the identification and verification of compliance to prescribed therapy, besides allowing the establishment of goals to be achieved.
Recent Developments on Insertion-Deletion Systems

This article gives an overview of the recent developments in the study of the operations of insertion and deletion. It presents the origin of these operations, their formal deflnition and a series of results concerning language properties, decidability and computational completeness of families of languages generated by insertion-deletion systems and their extensions with the graphcontrol. The basic proof methods are presented and the proofs for the most important results are sketched.
Analysis of Fashion Consumers ’ Motives to Engage in Electronic Word-of-Mouth Communication through Social Media

The purpose of this paper is to analyse consumers’ interactions with fashion brands on social networking sites, focusing on consumers’ motives to engage in electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) communication. Existing WOM motivation frameworks are synthesised (e.g. Dichter, 1966; Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004) in order to identify seven potential motives that influence consumers to engage in eWOM on Facebook and Twitter. Subsequently, the motives are incorporated into an extended Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980) and initially tested in the context of fashion-related eWOM, utilising preexisting measures in a quantitative empirical study. Based on correlation and ANOVA analysis, results demonstrate that all the hypothesised motivations influence consumers’ eWOM engagement in the fashion context. Interestingly, the results indicate that consumers are motivated by economic incentives irrespective of their level of eWOM engagement. In addition, the main tenets of the TRA are confirmed in the online social media context, with both attitude and subjective norms mediating fashion brand related eWOM engagement. 1 For the purposes of this study, ‘engaging in eWOM communication’ refers to all of the following: ‘writing’, ‘liking’, ‘sharing’, ‘recommending’ , commenting on, and ‘tweeting’ fashion brand-related messages on Facebook and/ or Twitter. A ‘fashion brand-related message’ includes a post, link, comment or ‘tweet’.
A Reconfigurable Radio Architecture for Cognitive Radio in Emergency Networks

Cognitive radio has been proposed as a promising technology to solve today's spectrum scarcity problem. Cognitive radio is able to sense the spectrum to find the free spectrum, which can be optimally used by cognitive radio without causing interference to the licensed user. In the scope of the adaptive ad-hoc freeband (AAF) project, an emergency network built on top of cognitive radio is proposed. New functional requirements and system specifications for cognitive radio have to be supported by a reconfigurable architecture. In this paper, we propose a heterogenous reconfigurable system-on-chip (SoC) architecture to enable the evolution from the traditional software defined radio to cognitive radio
Effect of Abaloparatide vs Placebo on New Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE
Additional therapies are needed for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Abaloparatide is a selective activator of the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy and safety of abaloparatide, 80 μg, vs placebo for prevention of new vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporotic fracture.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The Abaloparatide Comparator Trial In Vertebral Endpoints (ACTIVE) was a phase 3, double-blind, RCT (March 2011-October 2014) at 28 sites in 10 countries. Postmenopausal women with bone mineral density (BMD) T score ≤-2.5 and >-5.0 at the lumbar spine or femoral neck and radiological evidence ≥2 mild or ≥1 moderate lumbar or thoracic vertebral fracture or history of low-trauma nonvertebral fracture within the past 5 years were eligible. Postmenopausal women (>65 y) with fracture criteria and a T score ≤-2.0 and >-5.0 or without fracture criteria and a T score ≤-3.0 and >-5.0 could enroll.


INTERVENTIONS
Blinded, daily subcutaneous injections of placebo (n = 821); abaloparatide, 80 μg (n = 824); or open-label teriparatide, 20 μg (n = 818) for 18 months.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary end point was percentage of participants with new vertebral fracture in the abaloparatide vs placebo groups. Sample size was set to detect a 4% difference (57% risk reduction) between treatment groups. Secondary end points included change in BMD at total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine in abaloparatide-treated vs placebo participants and time to first incident nonvertebral fracture. Hypercalcemia was a prespecified safety end point in abaloparatide-treated vs teriparatide participants.


RESULTS
Among 2463 women (mean age, 69 years [range, 49-86]), 1901 completed the study. New morphometric vertebral fractures occurred less frequently in the active treatment groups vs placebo. The Kaplan-Meier estimated event rate for nonvertebral fracture was lower with abaloparatide vs placebo. BMD increases were greater with abaloparatide than placebo (all P < .001). Incidence of hypercalcemia was lower with abaloparatide (3.4%) vs teriparatide (6.4%) (risk difference [RD], −2.96 [95%CI, −5.12 to −0.87]; P = .006). [table: see text].


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the use of subcutaneous abaloparatide, compared with placebo, reduced the risk of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures over 18 months. Further research is needed to understand the clinical importance of RD, the risks and benefits of abaloparatide treatment, and the efficacy of abaloparatide vs other osteoporosis treatments.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01343004.
Neighborhood rough set and SVM based hybrid credit scoring classifier

The credit scoring model development has become a very important issue, as the credit industry is highly competitive. Therefore, considerable credit scoring models have been widely studied in the areas of statistics to improve the accuracy of credit scoring during the past few years. This study constructs a hybrid SVM-based credit scoring models to evaluate the applicant’s credit score according to the applicant’s input features: (1) using neighborhood rough set to select input features; (2) using grid search to optimize RBF kernel parameters; (3) using the hybrid optimal input features and model parameters to solve the credit scoring problem with 10-fold cross validation; (4) comparing the accuracy of the proposed method with other methods. Experiment results demonstrate that the neighborhood rough set and SVM based hybrid classifier has the best credit scoring capability compared with other hybrid classifiers. It also outperforms linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression and neural networks. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Beyond Seattle: Globalization and Public Opinion

The Open Economy and Its Enemies: Public Attitudes in East Asia and Eastern Europe. By Jane Duckett, William L. Miller Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 284 pp., $85.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-521-86406-0), $34.99 paper (ISBN: 0-521-68255-8).

Globalization—in its various forms—remains a much studied topic in international and comparative political economy. However, despite the likelihood of wide ranging effects brought about by the integration of goods, peoples, and ideas, scholarly attention has been limited, surprisingly, to but a few of globalization's potential consequences. Most attention has been given to questions of whether greater market integration matters for domestic policy outcomes, with “outcomes” defined in terms of public spending and the health of the national economy. Far fewer studies consider the influence of openness on the health of representative democracy. Moreover, those extant studies that examine the economic impact of globalization focus primarily on developed welfare states—that is, on those economies that are best equipped to cushion the volatile effects of opening up (see, for example, Scheve and Slaughter 2001). Very little is known about what is arguably a far more critical question: the degree of public support for globalization in lower- and middle-income democracies.

In this regard, Jane Duckett and William Miller's The Open Economy and Its Enemies fills a large hole in the globalization literature. Based on an exhaustive data collection effort aimed at assessing mass and elite attitudes in two “newer democracies” (the Czech Republic and South Korea) and two “semi-democracies” (Ukraine and Vietnam), the book easily offers the most comprehensive account to date of attitudes toward the world capitalist economy in lesser-developed countries. To sift through the many issues surrounding attitudes toward economic and cultural openness, Duckett and Miller conducted a series of focus group studies (involving 130 participants in all) and representative surveys of mass publics and public officials (totaling over ten thousand interviews) in these four countries during 2002 and 2003.

The utility of Duckett and Miller's approach …
Hybrid VAE: Improving Deep Generative Models using Partial Observations

Deep neural network models trained on large labeled datasets are the state-of-theart in a large variety of computer vision tasks. In many applications, however, labeled data is expensive to obtain or requires a time consuming manual annotation process. In contrast, unlabeled data is often abundant and available in large quantities. We present a principled framework to capitalize on unlabeled data by training deep generative models on both labeled and unlabeled data. We show that such a combination is beneficial because the unlabeled data acts as a data-driven form of regularization, allowing generative models trained on few labeled samples to reach the performance of fully-supervised generative models trained on much larger datasets. We call our method Hybrid VAE (H-VAE) as it contains both the generative and the discriminative parts. We validate H-VAE on three large-scale datasets of different modalities: two face datasets: (MultiPIE, CelebA) and a hand pose dataset (NYU Hand Pose). Our qualitative visualizations further support improvements achieved by using partial observations.
Phthriasis Palpebrarum Mimicking Lid Eczema and Blepharitis

Phthiriasis palpebrarum (PP) is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis. We report a case of PP mimicking lid eczema and blepharitis. A 68-year-old woman had moderate itching in both eyes. Her initial diagnosis was considered to be lid eczema or blepharitis because of findings similar to exfoliative lesions and color changes in eyelids and to excretions over eyelashes. Careful observation revealed many lice and translucent nits, protuberances and hyperpigmentary changes, and the buried lice in both eyelids. No hyperemia or secretion was observed on the lids and in the conjunctiva in both eyes. The patient was treated with pilocarpine hydrochloride 4% drops. At the end of the first week, no louse or nit was present. Although it was known that PP is a rare cause of blepharoconjunctivitis, it might observe as an isolated infestation of the eyelids and this condition can easily be misdiagnosed as lid eczema and blepharitis.
Research on Vessels' Portable Ammunition Support System Based on Data Warehouse

There are many problems in the management system of vessels' portable ammunition which uses the traditional affairs database. The shortcomings of traditional database are analyzed firstly. To deal with these problems, a new ammunition support system based on data warehouse is proposed. The structure of the data warehouse is discussed in detail.
Analytic performance of immunoassays for drugs of abuse below established cutoff values.

BACKGROUND
The analytic performance and accuracy of drug detection below Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) cutoffs is not well known. In some patient populations, clinically significant concentrations of abused drugs in urine may not be detected when current SAMHSA cutoffs are used. Our objectives were to define the precision profiles of three immunoassay systems for drugs of abuse and to evaluate the accuracy of testing at concentrations at which the CV was <20%.


METHODS
Drug-free urine was supplemented with analytes to assess the precision in three commercial drugs-of-abuse immunoassay systems below the SAMHSA-dictated cutoffs for amphetamines, opiates, benzoylecgonine, phencyclidine, and cannabinoids. Consecutive urine samples with signals associated with a CV <20% by Emit immunoassay and below SAMHSA cutoffs were then subjected to confirmatory analysis.


RESULTS
The CV of all immunoassay systems tested remained <20% to drug concentrations well below SAMHSA cutoffs. The accuracy of urine drug-screening results between the SAMHSA-specified cutoffs and the precision-based cutoffs was less than accuracy for specimens above the SAMHSA cutoffs, but the use of the precision-based cutoff produced a 15.6% increase in the number of screen-positive specimens and a 7.8% increase in the detection of specimens that yielded positive results on confirmatory testing.


CONCLUSION
The precision of three commercial immunoassay systems for drugs-of-abuse screening is adequate to detect drugs below SAMHSA cutoffs. Knowledge of the positive predictive values of screening immunoassays at lower cutoff concentrations could enable efficient use of confirmatory testing resources and improved detection of illicit drug use.