LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Disorganized Attachment Representations, Externalizing Behavior Problems, and Socio-Emotional Competences

Forslund, T. 2018. Disorganized Attachment Representations, Externalizing Behavior Problems, and Socio-Emotional Competences. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 160. 91 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0452-6. Disorganized attachment is a risk-factor for developmental maladaptation in the form of externalizing behavior problems, and for poor development of competences important for socioemotional functioning. Concerns have however been raised regarding theoretical overextension, and there is consequently a need for multifactorial studies that examine which outcomes disorganized attachment is reliably important for. There is also a lack of research on the mechanisms that mediate the relation between disorganized attachment and externalizing problems. The present thesis therefore examined whether disorganized attachment is a specific risk-factor for symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or a non-specific risk factor for both types of problems. Several emotional and cognitive competences were investigated as mediators, with the question of whether disorganized attachment becomes associated with externalizing problems primarily through any specific mechanism, or through multiple mechanisms. Three studies were conducted. Children completed the separation anxiety test for attachment representations and laboratory tasks for distinct competences, and parents and teachers rated emotion regulation and ODDand ADHD-symptoms. Study I was cross-sectional and found that disorganized attachment contributed specifically to conduct problems when accounting for ADHD-symptoms. However, disorganized attachment did not contribute to ADHD-symptoms when accounting for conduct problems. Study II found that children with disorganized attachment representations show deviations in identification of emotional expressions, in the form of a generally diminished ability to discriminate between expressions rather than in response biases. Study III was (short-term) longitudinal and replicated the results from Study I; disorganized attachment was primarily associated with ODD-symptoms, not ADHDsymptoms. Elevated emotional reactivity and poor regulation, particularly for anger and fear, mediated the relation between disorganized attachment and ODD-symptoms. Taken together, the present findings suggest that disorganized attachment may constitute a specific risk factor for externalizing problems pertaining to anger and aggression, such as oppositionality and misconduct, rather than ADHD-problems. Importantly, the findings caution against ideas of a pathway from disorganized attachment to ADHD-symptoms. The deviations in processing and regulation of anger and fear corroborate Bowlby ́s proposal that these emotions are closely connected, central to disorganization, and a potential mediating mechanism in relation to externalizing problems.
Truancy Reduction : Keeping Students in School

Left unchecked, truancy is a risk factor for serious juvenile delinquency. Truancy’s impact also extends into the adult years where it has been linked to numerous negative outcomes. Consequently, it is critical to identify strategies that intervene effectively with youth who are chronically truant and that interrupt their progress to delinquency and other negative behaviors by addressing the underlying reasons behind their absence from school.
Shared Memory Consistency Conditions for Non-Sequential Execution: Definitions and Programming Strategies

To enhance performance on shared memory multiprocessors, various techniques have been proposed to reduce the latency of memory accesses, including pipelining of accesses, out-of-order execution of accesses, and branch prediction with speculative execution. These optimizations however can complicate the user's model of memory. This paper attacks the problem of simplifying programming on two fronts. First, a general framework is presented for de ning shared memory consistency conditions that allows non-sequential execution of memory accesses. The interface at which conditions are de ned is between the program and the system, and is architecture-independent. The framework is used to generalize four known consistency conditions|sequential consistency, hybrid consistency, weak consistency, and release consistency|for non-sequential execution. Thus familiar consistency conditions can be precisely speci ed even in optimized architectures. Second, several techniques are described for structuring programs so that a shared memory that provides the weaker (and more e cient) condition of hybrid consistency appears to guarantee the stronger (and more costly) condition of sequential consistency. The bene t is that sequentially consistent executions are easier to reason about. The rst and second techniques statically classify accesses based on their type. This approach is extremely simple to use and leads to a general methodology for writing e cient synchronization code. The third technique is to avoid data races in the program. This technique also works on a simple variant of release consistent hardware, with an appropriate change to the de nition of data race. Precise yet short and comprehensible proofs are provided for the correctness of the programming techniques. Such proofs shed light on the reasons these techniques work; we believe that the insight gained can lead to the development of other techniques. T ec hn io n C om pu te r Sc ie nc e D ep ar tm en t T ec hn ic al R ep or t L PC R 93 09 1 99 3
Malware propagation in Online Social Networks

Online Social Networks are communities of people who share common interests. These types of networks are used by millions of people around the world. The massive adoption of this service among users has made it a popular mean for malicious activities. The aim of this paper is to identify the parameters which are related to malware propagation in online social networks. To do this, we first construct a sample network based on the features of online social networks and then we examine the effect of parameters that could affect the speed of malware propagation.
Heterogeneous Reasoning with Euler/Venn Diagrams Containing Named Constants and FOL

The main goal of this paper is to present the basis for a heterogeneous Euler/Venn diagram and First Order Logic (FOL) reasoning system. We will begin by defining a homogeneous reasoning system for Euler/Venn diagrams including named constants and show this system to be sound and complete. Then we will propose a heterogeneous rule of inference allowing the extraction of formulas of FOL from an Euler/Venn diagram. In defining this rule we will attempt to capture the ''explicit'' information content of an Euler/Venn diagram in a way similar to the Observe rule in the Hyperproof [J. Barwise, and J. Etchemendy, Hyperproof, CSLI Publications, Stanford, 1994] system. Two definitions for this heterogeneous rule will be presented, one syntactically based, which is intended to be intuitive and motivational, and a second based upon a framework employing information types to model heterogeneous reasoning previously presented [N. Swoboda, and G. Allwein, Modeling heterogeneous systems, in: Hegarty et al. [7] pp. 131-145]. Lastly we will explore the relationships between these two notions.
[Treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus by performing percutaneous double osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone].

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical and radiological results in the surgical treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus by performing percutaneous double osteotomy.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
A retrospective study was conducted on 45 feet of 42 patients diagnosed with moderate-severe hallux valgus, operated on in a single centre and by the same surgeon from May 2009 to March 2013. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Clinical and radiological results were recorded.


RESULTS
An improvement from 48.14 ± 4.79 points to 91.28 ± 8.73 points was registered using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. A radiological decrease from 16.88 ± 2.01 to 8.18 ± 3.23 was observed in the intermetatarsal angle, and from 40.02 ± 6.50 to 10.51 ± 6.55 in hallux valgus angle. There was one case of hallux varus, one case of non-union, a regional pain syndrome type I, an infection that resolved with antibiotics, and a case of loosening of the osteosynthesis that required an open surgical refixation.


DISCUSSION
Percutaneous distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal when performed as an isolated procedure, show limitations when dealing with cases of moderate and severe hallux valgus. The described technique adds the advantages of minimally invasive surgery by expanding applications to severe deformities.


CONCLUSIONS
Percutaneous double osteotomy is a reproducible technique for correcting severe deformities, with good clinical and radiological results with a complication rate similar to other techniques with the advantages of shorter surgical times and less soft tissue damage.
Prophylactic mesh at end-colostomy construction reduces parastomal hernia rate: a randomized trial.

AIM
Parastomal hernia (PSH) is the most common complication of an end-colostomy and about one-quarter of patients need operative repair, which is often unsuccessful. A randomized trial was carried out to compare the results of using mesh or no mesh at the time of formation of a colostomy with the clinical identification of PSH as the primary outcome.


METHOD
In this two-centre randomized trial (Oslo University Hospital and Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway), patients with rectal cancer undergoing open pelvic surgery were randomized to receive a retromuscular synthetic mesh (study group, n = 32) or no mesh (control group, n = 26) at the time of end-colostomy formation. Postoperative follow up was not blinded and included clinical examination and routine CT.


RESULTS
The median period of follow up was 40 (range: 84) months. There were no differences in demographic variables or complications between the study and control groups. PSH developed in two patients of the study group and in 12 of the control group [OR = 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01-0.30) and hazard ratio 0.134 (95% CI: 0.030-0.603); P < 0.001]. The number needed to treat to avoid one PSH was 2.5 patients. CT demonstrated an increase over time in the size of the fascial orifice in patients with PSH without mesh prophylaxis, in contrast to a stable size in patients with mesh and in the control patients who did not develop PSH.


CONCLUSION
The retromuscular insertion of synthetic mesh at the time of formation of an end-colostomy reduced the risk of PSH.
Improved Security for Linearly Homomorphic Signatures: A Generic Framework

We propose a general framework that converts (ordinary) signature schemes having certain properties into linearly homomorphic signature schemes, i.e., schemes that allow authentication of linear functions on signed data. The security of the homomorphic scheme follows from the same computational assumption as is used to prove security of the underlying signature scheme. We show that the following signature schemes have the required properties and thus give rise to secure homomorphic signatures in the standard model: – The scheme of Waters (Eurocrypt 2005), secure under the computational Diffie-Hellman asumption in bilinear groups. – The scheme of Boneh and Boyen (Eurocrypt 2004, J. Cryptology 2008), secure under the q-strong Diffie-Hellman assumption in bilinear groups. – The scheme of Gennaro, Halevi, and Rabin (Eurocrypt 1999), secure under the strong RSA assumption. – The scheme of Hohenberger and Waters (Crypto 2009), secure under the RSA assumption. Our systems not only allow weaker security assumptions than were previously available for homomorphic signatures in the standard model, but also are secure in a model that allows a stronger adversary than in other proposed schemes. Our framework also leads to efficient linearly homomorphic signatures that are secure against our stronger adversary under weak assumptions (CDH or RSA) in the random oracle model; all previous proofs of security in the random oracle model break down completely when faced with our stronger adversary.
Enacting understanding of inclusion in complex contexts: classroom practices of South African teachers

Petra Engelbrecht COMPRES, Faculty of Education Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa petra.engelbrecht50@gmail.com Mirna Nel Optentia Research Focus Area, School of Education Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Norma Nel Department of Psychology of Education, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Dan Tlale Department of Inclusive Education, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
Diagnosis of endometriosis by detection of nerve fibres in an endometrial biopsy: a double blind study.

BACKGROUND
Diagnosis of endometriosis currently requires a laparoscopy and this need probably contributes to the considerable average delay in diagnosis. We have reported the presence of nerve fibres in the functional layer of endometrium in women with endometriosis, which could be used as a diagnostic test. Our aim was to assess efficacy of nerve fibre detection in endometrial biopsy for making a diagnosis of endometriosis in a double-blind comparison with expert diagnostic laparoscopy.


METHODS
Endometrial biopsies, with immunohistochemical nerve fibre detection using protein gene product 9.5 as marker, taken from 99 consecutive women presenting with pelvic pain and/or infertility undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy by experienced gynaecologic laparoscopists, were compared with surgical diagnosis.


RESULTS
In women with laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 64) the mean nerve fibre density in the functional layer of the endometrial biopsy was 2.7 nerve fibres per mm(2) (+/-3.5 SD). Only one woman with endometriosis had no detectable nerve fibres. Six women had endometrial nerve fibres but no active endometriosis seen at laparoscopy. The specificity and sensitivity were 83 and 98%, respectively, positive predictive value was 91% and negative predictive value was 96%. Nerve fibre density did not differ between different menstrual cycle phases. Women with endometriosis and pain symptoms had significantly higher nerve fibre density in comparison with women with infertility but no pain (2.3 and 0.8 nerve fibre per mm(2), respectively, P = 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
Endometrial biopsy, with detection of nerve fibres, provided a reliability of diagnosis of endometriosis which is close to the accuracy of laparoscopic assessment by experienced gynaecological laparoscopists. This study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTR) 00082242 (registered: 12/12/2007). The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee (RPAH Zone) of the Sydney South West Area Health Service (Protocol number X05-0345) and The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No. 10761) and all women gave their informed consent for participation.
Fecal microbial transplant effect on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome in active Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disorder associated with fecal dysbiosis. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) is a potential therapeutic option for individuals with CD based on the hypothesis that changing the fecal dysbiosis could promote less intestinal inflammation.


METHODS
Nine patients, aged 12 to 19 years, with mild-to-moderate symptoms defined by Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI of 10-29) were enrolled into a prospective open-label study of FMT in CD (FDA IND 14942). Patients received FMT by nasogastric tube with follow-up evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. PCDAI, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin were evaluated at each study visit.


RESULTS
All reported adverse events were graded as mild except for 1 individual who reported moderate abdominal pain after FMT. All adverse events were self-limiting. Metagenomic evaluation of stool microbiome indicated evidence of FMT engraftment in 7 of 9 patients. The mean PCDAI score improved with patients having a baseline of 19.7 ± 7.2, with improvement at 2 weeks to 6.4 ± 6.6 and at 6 weeks to 8.6 ± 4.9. Based on PCDAI, 7 of 9 patients were in remission at 2 weeks and 5 of 9 patients who did not receive additional medical therapy were in remission at 6 and 12 weeks. No or modest improvement was seen in patients who did not engraft or whose microbiome was most similar to their donor.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate that FMT for CD may be a possible therapeutic option for CD. Further prospective studies are required to fully assess the safety and efficacy of the FMT in patients with CD.
A course in computer systems planning

Those aspects of computer science dealing with the selection of computer hardware, the selection of computer software, the tradeoffs between in-house development and purchase, the transition to a new system, computer performance evaluation, and computer center management are not covered or are covered very lightly in an undergraduate curriculum. This paper presents the evolution and content of a senior-level course on these subjects taught at Indiana-Purdue at Fort Wayne.
The OCoN Approach to Workflow Modeling in Object-Oriented Systems

Workflow management aims at modeling and executing application processes in complex technical and organizational environments. Modern information systems are often based on object-oriented design techniques, for instance, the Unified Modeling Language (UML). These systems consist of application objects which collaborate to achieve a common goal. Although application objects collaborate in the context of business processes that can be supported by workflow technology, workflow modeling is typically done with proprietary workflow languages. Hence, two separate formalisms are present for modeling application objects and workflows. In this paper we try to remedy this situation by proposing the use of Object Coordination Nets (OCoN) for workflow modeling. OCoN nets provides a seamless integration with UML structure diagrams. The OCoN formalism also helps to deal with all relevant aspects of modeling complex workflow systems in a scalable and
Examining fatigue in COPD: development, validity and reliability of a modified version of FACIT-F scale

INTRODUCTION
Fatigue is a disruptive symptom that inhibits normal functional performance of COPD patients in daily activities. The availability of a short, simple, reliable and valid scale would improve assessment of the characteristics and influence of fatigue in COPD.


METHODS
At baseline, 2107 COPD patients from the ECLIPSE cohort completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale. We used well-structured classic method, the principal components analysis (PCA) and Rasch analysis for structurally examining the 13-item FACIT-F.


RESULTS
Four items were less able to capture fatigue characteristics in COPD and were deleted. PCA was applied to the remaining 9 items of the modified FACIT-F and resulted in three interpretable dimensions: i) general (5 items); ii) functional ability (2 items); and iii) psychosocial fatigue (2 items). The modified FACIT-F had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91) and it did not fit a uni-dimensional Rasch model, confirming the prior output from the PCA. The correlations between total score and each dimension were ≥ 0.64 and within dimensions ≥0.43 (p < 0.001 for all).The original and modified FACIT-F had significant convergent validity; its scores were associated with SGRQ total score (0.69 and 0.7) and mMRC dyspnoea scores (0.48 and 0.47), (p = <0.001 for all). The scale had meaningful discriminating ability in identifying patients with poor exercise performance and more depressive symptoms.


CONCLUSION
The original and modified FACIT-F are valid and reliable scales in COPD. The modified version is shorter and measures not only total fatigue but also its sub-components in COPD.
Planning Biped Navigation Strategies in Complex Environments

We present an algorithm for planning goal-directed footstep navigation strategies for biped robots through obstacle-filled environments and uneven ground. Planning footsteps is more general than most existing navigation methods designed for wheeled robots, since the options of stepping over or upon obstacles are available. Given a height map of the terrain and a discrete set of possible footstep motions, the planner uses an A* search to generate a sequence of footstep locations to reach a given goal state. The planner evaluates footstep locations for viability using a collection of heuristic metrics designed to encode the relative safety, effort required, and overall motion complexity. We show preliminary results of the planner over several simulated terrains, as well as a simplified, online version of the algorithm running on the H7 humanoid robot. In the latter case, a stereo vision system is used to sense obstacles in the immediate environment and identify a target goal location, which is used to update the current optimal footstep sequence to the goal from the robot’s present location. Fig. 1. Example footstep navigation strategies for complex scenes output by our planner (left: a room with spikes. right: two platforms connected by stairs.) The lighter end of each footstep signifies the front of the foot.
Rapid Synaptic Plasticity of Glutamatergic Synapses on Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area in Response to Acute Amphetamine Injection

Drugs of abuse activate the reward circuitry of the mesocorticolimbic system, and it has been hypothesized that drug exposure triggers synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic synapses onto dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area. Here, we show that just a 2 h in vivo exposure to amphetamine is sufficient to potentiate these synapses, measured as an increase in the synaptic AMPAR/NMDAR ratio. We tested the prediction that an increase in GluR1-containing AMPA receptors would result in an increase in GluR1 homomeric receptors at synapses, but were unable to observe any evidence of the predicted rectification in DA neurons from animals treated with amphetamine. We also examined the possibility of increased AMPA receptor insertion in the membrane, but did not detect a significant increase in biotinylated surface GluR1. We conclude that amphetamine induces rapid changes in synaptic AMPAR/NMDAR ratios, suggesting that potentiation of glutamatergic synapses is a relatively early event in the series of neuroadaptations in response to drugs of abuse.