LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal haemoglobinopathy screening in Belgium.

BACKGROUND
A neonatal haemoglobinopathy screening programme was implemented in Brussels more than a decade ago and in Liège 5 years ago; the programme was adapted to the local situation.


METHODS
Neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies was universal, performed using liquid cord blood and an isoelectric focusing technique. All samples with abnormalities underwent confirmatory testing. Major and minor haemoglobinopathies were reported. Affected children were referred to a specialist centre. A central database in which all screening results were stored was available and accessible to local care workers. A central clinical database to monitor follow-up is under construction.


RESULTS
A total of 191,783 newborns were screened. One hundred and twenty-three (1:1559) newborns were diagnosed with sickle cell disease, seven (1:27,398) with beta thalassaemia major, five (1:38,357) with haemoglobin H disease, and seven (1:27,398) with haemoglobin C disease. All major haemoglobinopathies were confirmed, and follow-up of the infants was undertaken except for three infants who did not attend the first medical consultation despite all efforts.


CONCLUSIONS
The universal neonatal screening programme was effective because no case of major haemoglobinopathy was identified after the neonatal period. The affected children received dedicated medical care from birth. The screening programme, and specifically the reporting of minor haemoglobinopathies, has been an excellent health education tool in Belgium for more than 12 years.
Emotion Estimation and Reasoning Based on Affective Textual Interaction

This paper presents a novel approach to Emotion Estimation that assesses the affective content from textual messages. Our main goals are to detect emotion from chat or other dialogue messages and to employ animated agents capable of the emotional reasoning based on the textual interaction. In this paper, the emotion estimation module is applied to a chat system, where avatars associated with chat partners act out the assessed emotions of messages through multiple modalities, including synthetic speech and associated affective gestures.
3-D Thermal Component Model for Electrothermal Analysis of Multichip Power Modules With Experimental Validation

This paper presents for the first time a full three-dimensional (3-D), multilayer, and multichip thermal component model, based on finite differences, with asymmetrical power distributions for dynamic electrothermal simulation. Finite difference methods (FDMs) are used to solve the heat conduction equation in three dimensions. The thermal component model is parameterized in terms of structural and material properties so it can be readily used to develop a library of component models for any available power module. The FDM model is validated with a full analytical Fourier series-based model in two dimensions. Finally, the FDM thermal model is compared against measured data acquired from a newly developed high-speed transient coupling measurement technique. By using the device threshold voltage as a time-dependent temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP), the thermal transient of a single device, along with the thermal coupling effect among nearby devices sharing common direct bond copper (DBC) substrates, can be studied under a variety of pulsed power conditions.
Social Bias in Elicited Natural Language Inferences

We analyze the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus in an investigation of bias and stereotyping in NLP data. The human-elicitation protocol employed in the construction of the SNLI makes it prone to amplifying bias and stereotypical associations, which we demonstrate statistically (using pointwise mutual information) and with qualitative examples.
Assessing the Value of Investments in Government Interoperability

Government investments in enhancing the interoperability of ICT systems have the potential to improve services and help governments respond to the diverse and often incompatible needs and interests of individual citizens, organizations, and society at large. These diverse needs and interests encompass a broad range of value propositions and demands that can seldom be met by single programs or assessed by simple metrics. The diversity of stakeholder needs and the complexity inherent in interoperable systems for connected government require an architecture that is up to the task. Such an architecture must include the reference models and components that can accommodate and integrate large portfolios of applications and support multiple kinds of performance assessments. The value propositions that underlie the architecture’s performance assessment or reference model are fundamental. The propositions must be broad enough to span the full scope of the government program’s goals, a substantial challenge. In recognition of that challenge, this chapter puts forward two perspectives for assessing the value of interoperable ICT investments, incorporating outcomes beyond financial metrics. The first is the network value approach to assessment of investments in interoperable ICT systems for government. The second is the public value framework developed by the Center for Technology in Government, which expands on the network value approach to include a broader range of public value outcomes. These approaches are illustrated in two case studies: the I-Choose project designed to produce interoperable government and private sector data about a specific agricultural market and the government of Colombia’s interoperability efforts with expanded metrics based on the expansion of interoperability networks. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1824-4.ch019
Microstepping Mode for Stepper Motor Control

The paper presents a high performance system for stepper motor control in a microstepping mode, which was designed and performed with a L292 specialized integrated circuits, made by SGS-THOMSON, Microelectronics Company. The microstepping control system improves the positioning accuracy and eliminates low speed ripple and resonance effects in a stepper motor electrical drive.
Software validation using power profiles

While historically software validation focused on the functional requirements, recent approaches also encompass the validation of quality requirements; for example, system reliability, performance or usability. Application development for mobile platforms opens an additional area of qual i ty-power consumption. In PDAs or mobile phones, power consumption varies depending on the hardware resources used, making it possible to specify and validate correct or incorrect executions. Consider an application that downloads a video stream from the network and displays it on the mobile device's display. In the test scenario the viewing of the video is paused at a certain point. If the specification does not allow video prefetching, the user expects the network card activity to stop when video is paused. How can a test engineer check this expectation? Simply running a test suite or even tracing the software execution does not detect the network activity. However, the extraneous network activity can be detected by power measurements and power model application (Figure 1). Tools to find the power inconsistencies and to validate software from the energy point of view are needed.
Modeling readability to improve unit tests

Writing good unit tests can be tedious and error prone, but even once they are written, the job is not done: Developers need to reason about unit tests throughout software development and evolution, in order to diagnose test failures, maintain the tests, and to understand code written by other developers. Unreadable tests are more difficult to maintain and lose some of their value to developers. To overcome this problem, we propose a domain-specific model of unit test readability based on human judgements, and use this model to augment automated unit test generation. The resulting approach can automatically generate test suites with both high coverage and also improved readability. In human studies users prefer our improved tests and are able to answer maintenance questions about them 14% more quickly at the same level of accuracy.
Effects of a whey protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids in obese female patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
High protein diets have been shown to improve hepatic steatosis in rodent models and in high-fat fed humans. We therefore evaluated the effects of a protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL), and fasting plasma triglycerides in obese non diabetic women.


METHODS
Eleven obese women received a 60 g/day whey protein supplement (WPS) for 4-weeks, while otherwise nourished on a spontaneous diet, IHCL concentrations, visceral body fat, total liver volume (MR), fasting total-triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, glucose tolerance (standard 75 g OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA IS index), creatinine clearance, blood pressure and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were assessed before and after 4-week WPS.


RESULTS
IHCL were positively correlated with visceral fat and total liver volume at inclusion. WPS decreased significantly IHCL by 20.8 ± 7.7%, fasting total TG by 15 ± 6.9%, and total cholesterol by 7.3 ± 2.7%. WPS slightly increased fat free mass from 54.8 ± 2.2 kg to 56.7 ± 2.5 kg, p = 0.005). Visceral fat, total liver volume, glucose tolerance, creatinine clearance and insulin sensitivity were not changed.


CONCLUSIONS
WPS improves hepatic steatosis and plasma lipid profiles in obese non diabetic patients, without adverse effects on glucose tolerance or creatinine clearance.


TRIAL NUMBER
NCT00870077, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Transanal irrigation for the treatment of neuropathic bowel dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION
Children with spinal cord lesions very often experience bowel dysfunction, with a significant impact on their social activities and quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the Peristeen transanal irrigation (TI) system in patients with neuropathic bowel dysfunction (NBD).


MATERIAL AND METHODS
We prospectively reviewed 40 children with spina bifida and NBD who did not respond satisfactorily to conventional bowel management and were treated with the Peristeen TI system. Dysfunctional bowel symptoms, patient opinion and level of satisfaction were analysed before and during TI treatment using a specific questionnaire.


RESULTS
Thirty-five children completed the study. Mean patient age and follow up were 12.5 years (6-25) and 12 months (4-18), respectively. Average irrigation frequency and instillation volume were once every 3 days and 616ml (200-1000), respectively. Bowel dysfunction symptoms including faecal incontinence improved significantly in all children. Patient opinion of intestinal functionality improved from 2.3±1.4 to 8.2±1.5 (P<0.0001) and mean grade of satisfaction with the Peristeen system was 7.3. Patient independence also improved from 28 to 46% and no adverse events were recorded.


CONCLUSIONS
TI should be used as a first therapeutic approach in those children with NBD who do not respond to conservative or medical bowel management before other more invasive treatment modalities are considered. The Peristeen system is as effective as other TI methods, but it is easy to learn, safe and increases the patient's independence.
Solving Verbal Crypto-Arithmetic Problem by Parallel Genetic Algorithm (PGA)

51  Abstract— Cryptarithmetic puzzles are quite old and their inventor is not known. An example in The American Agriculturist of 1864 disproves the popular notion that it was invented by Sam Loyd. The name cryptarithmetic was coined by puzzlist Minos (pseudonym of Maurice Vatriquant) in the May 1931 issue of Sphinx, a Belgian magazine of recreational mathematics. In the 1955, J. A. H. Hunter introduced the word "alphabetic" to designate cryptarithms, such as Dudeney's, whose letters from meaningful words or phrases. Solving a cryptarithm by hand usually involves a mix of deductions and exhaustive tests of possibilities. Cryptarithmetic is a puzzle consisting of an arithmetic problem in which the digits have been replaced by letters of the alphabet. The goal is to decipher the letters (i.e. Map them back onto the digits) using the constraints provided by arithmetic and the additional constraint that no two letters can have the same numerical value. Cryptarithmetic is a class of constraint satisfaction problems which includes making mathematical relations between meaningful words using simple arithmetic operators like 'plus' in a way that the result is conceptually true, and assigning digits to the letters of these words and generating numbers in order to make correct arithmetic operations as well
Matrix representation for genetic algorithms

Many problems have a structure with an inherently two (or higher) dimensional nature. Unfortunately, the classical method of representing problems when using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) is of a linear nature. We develop a genome representation with a related crossover mechanism which preserves spatial relationships for two dimensional problems. We then explore how crossover disruption rates relate to the spatial structure of the problem space.
3 D CAD model generation of mechanical parts using coded-pattern projection and laser triangulation systems

Purpose – Investigate the use of two imaging-based methods – coded pattern projection and laser-based triangulation – to generate 3D models as input to a rapid prototyping pipeline. Design/methodology/approach – Discusses structured lighting technologies as suitable imaging-based methods. Two approaches, coded-pattern projection and laser-based triangulation, are specifically identified and discussed in detail. Two commercial systems are used to generate experimental results. These systems include the Genex Technologies 3D FaceCam and the Integrated Vision Products Ranger System. Findings – Presents 3D reconstructions of objects from each of the commercial systems. Research limitations/implications – Provides background in imaging-based methods for 3D data collection and model generation. A practical limitation is that imaging-based systems do not currently meet accuracy requirements, but continued improvements in imaging systems will minimize this limitation. Practical implications – Imaging-based approaches to 3D model generation offer potential to increase scanning time and reduce scanning complexity. Originality/value – Introduces imaging-based concepts to the rapid prototyping pipeline.
Transfusion management of sickle cell disease.

LTHOUGH IT IS likely that sickle cells have been reA sponsible for morbidity and mortality in humans for thousands of years,' it was not until 1910 that the first description of sickle cell anemia appeared? Subsequently, sickle cell anemia has become the prototype of modern molecular disease, its history tracing the evolution of science and medicine in the 20th century.' Sickle cell disease (SCD), including homozygous hemoglobin (Hb) S and doubly heterozygous HbS/C and HbS/P-thalassemia, is among the most common of inherited hemoglobinopathies. The incidence of SCD is greatest in equatorial Africa, where the frequency of heterozygous carriage is as high as 35%.3 The incidence of sickle trait in African-Americans is approximately 8% with 1 in 200 to 500 newborns affected with SCD.425 Although full discussion of the pathophysiology of SCD is beyond the scope of this report (the reader is directed to recent reviewsG8), certain features of HbS merit emphasis. Via direct and indirect mechanisms such as polymerization, instability; and membrane bindinglo HbS induces a cascade of alterations in red blood cell (RBC) structure and function. Consequently, RBCs from patients with SCD are both rigid and adherant, resulting in marked abnormalities in microrheol0gy.63"-'~ It should be emphasized that although such properties both promote and are exacerbated by cellular sickling, the adverse effects of HbS come into play even in the absence of this characteristic shape change. Hyperviscosity, cellular adherance, sickling, and possibly hypercoagulability l4 may all contribute to the vascular effects associated with SCD. Vaso-occlusion, intimal hyperplasia, impaired vasomotor activity, marrow fat embolism, thrombosis, and thromboembolism have in turn all been postulated to contribute to the tissue ischemia responsible for the clinical symptoms of SCD.7.' ' Finally, infarction-induced hyposplenism leads to a high incidence of severe infection in young children, particularly septicemia with encapsulated organism^.'^.'^ The major manifestations of SCD include hemolflc anemia and complications of vascular occlusion. Although there is significant variability in clinical severity, recent data suggest that most African-Americans with SCD have crises",'8 and require hospitalization at some point." Furthermore, chronic vasculopathy leads to irreversible organ damage in at least a third of patients, and as such, is the most frequent cause of death beyond early childh~od.'~ Survival in SCD has improved dramatically around the globe due in large part to changing living conditions, early diagnosis, and improvements in supportive care, especially the judicious use of antibiotic~.'~-~' Nonetheless, SCD remains a debilitating and life-threatening disorder.
Personalized News Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering

Because of the abundance of news on the web, news recommendation is an important problem. We compare three approaches for personalized news recommendation: collaborative filtering at the level of news items, content-based system recommending items with similar topics, and a hybrid technique. We observe that recommending items according to the topic profile of the current browsing session seems to give poor results. Although news articles change frequently and thus data about their popularity is sparse, collaborative filtering applied to individual articles provides the best results.
Personality factors and adult attachment affecting job mobility

Past research has revealed that individuals’ job mobility is affected by factors such as job satisfaction, specific career enhancing attributes and job availability. This study examined personality factors predicting voluntary internal and external job mobility. Three types of voluntary job mobility measures were studied: dissatisfaction changes, job improvement changes and job rotations within companies. These mobility measures were related to the Big Five personality factors, sensation seeking and adult attachment. Results showed that demographic variables and sensation seeking contributed to the variance in external job changes. Internal job rotationswere not related to any of the demographic and personality variables.
Interleukin-21-Producing CD4(+) T Cells Promote Type 2 Immunity to House Dust Mites.

Asthma is a T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated disease; however, recent findings implicate Th17 and innate lymphoid cells also in regulating airway inflammation. Herein, we have demonstrated profound interleukin-21 (IL-21) production after house dust mite (HDM)-driven asthma by using T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice reactive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 and an IL-21GFP reporter mouse. IL-21-producing cells in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN) bore characteristics of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, whereas IL-21(+) cells in the lung did not express CXCR5 (a chemokine receptor expressed by Tfh cells) and were distinct from effector Th2 or Th17 cells. Il21r(-/-) mice developed reduced type 2 responses and the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) enhanced Th2 cell function in a cell-intrinsic manner. Finally, administration of recombinant IL-21 and IL-25 synergistically promoted airway eosinophilia primarily via effects on CD4(+) lymphocytes. This highlights an important Th2-cell-amplifying function of IL-21-producing CD4(+) T cells in allergic airway inflammation.
Perceived environmental housing quality and wellbeing of movers.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
To examine whether changes in environmental housing quality influence the wellbeing of movers taking into account other dimensions of housing quality and sociodemographic factors.


DESIGN
Cross sectional telephone survey. Associations between changes in satisfaction with 40 housing quality indicators (including environmental quality) and an improvement in self rated health (based on a standardised question) were analysed by multiple logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Objective measures of wellbeing or environmental quality were not available.


SETTING
North western region of Switzerland including the city of Basel.


PARTICIPANTS
Random sample of 3870 subjects aged 18-70 who had moved in 1997, participation rate 55.7%.


RESULTS
A gain in self rated health was most strongly predicted by an improved satisfaction with indicators related to the environmental housing quality measured as "location of building" (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) =1.28, 1.96) and "perceived air quality" (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.24, 2.01) and to the apartment itself, namely "suitability" (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.41, 2.23), "relationship with neighbours" (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.19, 1.80) and "noise from neighbours" (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.07, 1.64). The destination of moving and the main reason to move modified some of the associations with environmental indicators.


CONCLUSION
An improvement in perceived environmental housing quality was conducive to an increase in wellbeing of movers when other dimensions of housing quality and potential confounders were taken into account.
JavaScript as an Embedded DSL

Developing rich web applications requires mastering different environments on the client and server sides. While there is considerable choice on the server-side, the client-side is tied to JavaScript, which poses substantial software engineering challenges, such as moving or sharing pieces of code between the environments. We embed JavaScript as a DSL in Scala, using Lightweight Modular Staging. DSL code can be compiled to JavaScript or executed as part of the server application. We use features of the host language to make client-side programming safer and more convenient. We use gradual typing to interface typed DSL programs with existing JavaScript APIs. We exploit a selective CPS transform already available in the host language to provide a compelling abstraction over asynchronous callback-driven programming in our DSL.
Noninvasive detection of brushless exciter rotating diode failure

A noninvasive method for detecting failure of brushless exciter rotating diodes is presented in this paper. Diodes can fail in one of two ways: either open circuit or short circuit. It is shown by actual test, on a 31.5-kVA alternator, that the exciter field current waveform changes distinctly when a diode fails. Harmonic analysis of the exciter field current waveform is performed. The results of this analysis form the basis of a method for real-time detection of diode failure on a microprocessor-based platform.