LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Universal Deep Neural Network Compression

In this paper, we investigate lossy compression of deep neural networks (DNNs) 1 by weight quantization and lossless source coding for memory-efficient deploy2 ment. Whereas the previous work addressed non-universal scalar quantization and 3 entropy coding of DNN weights, we for the first time introduce universal DNN 4 compression by universal vector quantization and universal source coding. In 5 particular, we examine universal randomized lattice quantization of DNNs, which 6 randomizes DNN weights by uniform random dithering before lattice quantization 7 and can perform near-optimally on any source without relying on knowledge of 8 its probability distribution. Moreover, we present a method of fine-tuning vector 9 quantized DNNs to recover the performance loss after quantization. Our experi10 mental results show that the proposed universal DNN compression scheme com11 presses the 32-layer ResNet (trained on CIFAR-10) and the AlexNet (trained on 12 ImageNet) with compression ratios of 47.1 and 42.5, respectively. 13
Recovery after total hip joint arthroplasty in elderly patients with osteoarthritis: positive effect of upper limb interval-training.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of an interval training program for the upper limbs on cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability in elderly patients after total hip joint arthroplasty.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial. After surgery, control and training groups started general rehabilitation. Training group combined it with an arm-interval exercise program (3 sessions of 30 minutes per week, for 6 weeks).


SUBJECTS
Patients were assigned randomly to control (n = 7) and training groups (n = 7).


METHODS
Incremental exercise tests were carried out until exhaustion on an arm crank ergometer 1 month before and 2 months after surgery. A 6-minute walk test was also performed 2 months after surgery.


RESULTS
VO2 peak increased significantly in the training group (p = 0.0424) and did not change in the control group. The difference in VO2 peak change between the groups was significant (p = 0.0362, +19.2% in the training group and -3.5% in the control group). In the walking test the training group covered a significantly longer distance than did the control group (p = 0.0055, 396.4 metres and 268.1 metres, respectively).


CONCLUSION
These results stress the importance of physical training in a rehabilitation program after total hip joint arthroplasty and this should be considered for improving the current practices in rehabilitation.
Interferon-alpha therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: questions related to the German randomized trial.

We read with interest the report of Hehlmann et all in which 133 patients were randomized to interferon-a (IFN-a) therapy (5 X lo6 U/m2/d). The incidence of complete hematologic response. (CHR) was 31% and of complete cytogenetic response was 7%. Their median survival was 5.5 years, which was superior to that of 186 patients treated with busulfan (median survival, 3.8 years; P = .008), but similar to that of 194 patients treated with hydroxyurea (median survival, 4.7 years). The study has raised several important questions. The first question regards the incidence of CHR with IFN-a therapy, which was considerably lower than that in other studies, including ours, despite similar response criteria (in our studies, normalization of peripheral counts also requires a decrease in platelet counts to <450 X IO3/pL).’ The incidences of major and complete cytogenetic responses were inferior to those obtained in our studies of 274 patients treated with IFN-a regimens (Table l).’ A complete cytogenetic response was achieved in 26% of patients (versus 7% in the current study), and a major cytogenetic response was achieved in 38% (versus <lo% in the current study). This is important because survival improvement is noted mostly among patients achieving cytogenetic response at 12 to 24 months3“ or a major cytogenetic response at any time.’ This is in line with the concept that achieving minimal tumor burden (complete or major cytogenetic response) in chronic myeloid leukemia ( C m ) prolongs survival. Thus, studies in which the incidence of major cytogenetic response is low (eg, < 10%. as in this study) may not be associated with survival prolongation over conventional (hydroxyurea) therapy in the total population. The second question regards why there are such differences in response rates with the same IFN-a therapy? Several factors may account for the differences. These factors include (1) the actual dose schedule of IFN-a delivery and the expertise of the treating physicians and (2) different population characteristics. A physician “learning curve” may exist with newer therapies, and physicians may be reluctant to use the investigational treatment (eg, IFN-a) at the full intended dose or even at all, particularly when it is more
Modeling Transfer Relationships Between Learning Tasks for Improved Inductive Transfer

In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based method for knowledge transfer. We model the transfer relationships between source tasks by embedding the set of learned source models in a graph using transferability as the metric. Transfer to a new problem proceeds by mapping the problem into the graph, then learning a function on this graph that automatically determines the parameters to transfer to the new learning task. This method is analogous to inductive transfer along a manifold that captures the transfer relationships between the tasks. We demonstrate improved transfer performance using this method against existing approaches in several real-world domains.
The Relationship Between Motor Delays and Language Development in Very Low Birthweight Premature Children at 18 Months Corrected Age.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine if there is a specific association between motor delays and receptive and expressive language function, respectively, in prematurely born children.


Method
Retrospective data review: 126 premature children ≤ 1,250-g birthweight from English-speaking families were evaluated on motor development (normal, mild delay, and moderate-severe delay) and the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley, 2006) at 18 months corrected age. Cognitive scores were categorized as normal, suspect, and abnormal. Gender, demographic, and perinatal variables were recorded and analyzed with respect to motor category.


Results
Lower birthweight, chronic need for oxygen, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and intestinal infection/inflammation were related to poorer motor development. On receptive language, the normal motor group attained significantly higher scores than the moderate-severe motor group but did not differ significantly from the mild delay motor group. On expressive language, the normal motor group had significantly higher scores than both the mild and moderate-severe groups. Girls performed better than boys on receptive and expressive language, but there was no significant interaction between gender and motor category on any of the Bayley scores. Cognitive, but not motor, category significantly contributed to variance of receptive language scores; cognitive and motor category each independently contributed to the variance in expressive language.


Conclusion
Findings suggest that motor control areas of the brain may be implicated in expressive language development of premature children. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors for the association between motor and expressive language function.
Ownership, capital structure and financing decision: Evidence from the UK

This paper examines whether and to what degree agency conflicts in ownership structure affect firm leverage ratios and external financing decisions, using a universal sample of UK firms from 1998 to 2012. We use two distinctive measures to capture ownership structure, namely, managerial share ownership (MSO) and institutional ownership. Our empirical results show a non-monotonic relation between MSO and the debt ratio, supporting two competing theories: interest alignment theory and the management entrenchment hypothesis. Nevertheless, institutional ownership is found to be positively related to firm leverage levels. Our results further suggest that firms with concentrated MSO decrease their leverage by increasing the probability of issuing equity over bonds, an effect strengthened during hot market periods.
Ontology-based information extraction of regulatory networks from scientific articles with case studies for Escherichia coli

The amount of scientific papers in the Molecular Biology field has experienced an enormous growth in the last years, prompting the need of developing automatic Information Extraction (IE) systems. This work is a first step towards the ontology-based domain-independent generalization of a system that identifies Escherichia coli regulatory networks. First, a domain ontology based on the RegulonDB database was designed and populated. After that, the steps of the existing IE system were generalized to use the knowledge contained in the ontology, so that it could be potentially applied to other domains. The resulting system has been tested both with abstract and full articles that describe regulatory interactions for E. coli, obtaining satisfactory results. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fractionated administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide: influence on dose-dependent changes in pharmacokinetics and metabolism

Purpose: The alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) is a prodrug that is metabolized to both cytotoxic and inactive compounds. We have previously shown that following dose escalation from conventional-dose (CD) to high-dose (HD) levels; the fraction of the dose cleared by bioactivation is significantly decreased (66% versus 48.5%) in favor of inactivating elimination pathways when the HD is given as a single 1-h infusion. Based on the concept of bioactivating enzyme saturation with increasing doses, we investigated the influence of fractionated application of HD-CP on dose-dependent changes in metabolism. Patients and methods: Plasma concentrations of CP (measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) and urinary concentrations of CP and its major metabolites (quantified by [31P]-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; [31P]-NMR spectroscopy), were determined in four patients with high-risk primary breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy including both CD-CP (500 mg/m2 infused over 1 h) and split HD-CP (50 mg/kg infused over 1 h on each of 2 consecutive days (d): d1 and d2. Results: (Data are given as mean values for CD and d1/d2 of HD, respectively). Systemic clearance (CL) of CP was similar during CD and d1 of HD, but significantly increased on d2 of HD (CL: 83 and 78/115 ml/min; P < 0.01 for d1 versus d2). The latter was translated into an increase in formation CL of both active (+16.4 ml/min) and inactive metabolites (+17.6 ml/min) and reflects autoinduction of metabolism. As compared with CD-CP, no statistically significant decrease was observed in the relative contribution of bioactivation CL to overall CL during both days of HD (63% versus 57%/53%). Recovery of intact CP in 24-h urine corresponded to 24%, 29%, 22% of the dose (P < 0.05 for d1 versus d2 of HD). Conclusions: Following dose escalation of CP, dividing the high dose over 2 days instead of one single infusion may favorably impact the metabolism of CP in terms of bioactivation. In addition, on day 2 of a split regimen, renal elimination of CP is decreased, which implies that more drug is available for metabolism.
Effectiveness of virtual reality-based pain control with multiple treatments.

OBJECTIVE
The current study explored whether immersive virtual reality continues to reduce pain (via distraction) with repeated use.


SETTING
The study was conducted in a burn care unit at a regional trauma center.


PATIENTS
Seven patients aged 9-32 years (mean age of 21.9 years; average of 23.7% total body surface area burned [range, 3-60%]) performed range-of-motion exercises of their injured extremity under an occupational therapist's direction on at least 3 separate days each.


INTERVENTION
For each physical therapy session, each patient spent equal amounts of time in virtual reality and in the control condition (no distraction). The mean duration of physical therapy in virtual reality was 3.5, 4.9, and 6.4 minutes for the first, second, and third session, respectively. Condition order was randomized and counter-balanced.


OUTCOME MEASURES
For each of the three physical therapy sessions, five visual analog pain scores for each treatment condition served as the dependent variables.


RESULTS
Pain ratings were statistically lower when patients were in virtual reality, and the magnitude of pain reduction did not diminish with repeated use of virtual reality. The results of this study may be examined in more detail at www.vrpain.com.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the small sample size limits generalizability. results provide converging preliminary evidence that virtual reality can function as a strong nonpharmacological pain reduction technique for burn patients during physical therapy. Results suggest that virtual reality does not diminish in analgesic effectiveness with three (and possibly more) uses. Virtual reality may also have analgesic potential for other painful procedures or pain populations. Practical implications are discussed.
Rational combinations of trastuzumab with chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND
Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER2 antibody, increases the clinical benefit of first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancers that overexpress HER2. We characterized interactions between trastuzumab and chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer.


METHODS
Multiple drug effect/combination index isobologram analysis was used to study the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug plus trastuzumab combinations tested against four HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, BT-474, MDA-MB-361, and MDA-MB-453). Combination index values were derived from parameters of the median effect plots, and statistical tests were used to determine whether the mean combination index values at multiple effect levels were statistically significantly different from a combination index value of 1.0. Values less than 1.0 indicate synergistic interactions, values greater than 1.0 indicate antagonistic interactions, and values equal to 1.0 indicate additive interactions.


RESULTS
At a wide range of clinically achievable drug concentrations, synergistic interactions were observed in all four breast cancer cell lines for trastuzumab plus carboplatin (mean combination index values ranged from 0.32 [P<.001] to 0.53 [P<.001]), 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (mean combination index values ranged from 0.38 [P<.001] to 0.73 [P =.010]), docetaxel (mean combination index values ranged from 0.30 [P<.001] to 0.62 [P<.001]), and vinorelbine (mean combination index values ranged from 0.24 [P<.001] to 0.78 [P<.034]). Additive interactions were observed in all four cell lines with trastuzumab plus doxorubicin, epirubicin, and paclitaxel. Interactions between trastuzumab and gemcitabine were synergistic at low concentrations of gemcitabine and antagonistic at high concentrations. A synergistic interaction was observed with a three-drug combination of docetaxel plus carboplatin plus trastuzumab in SK-BR-3 cells (mean combination index value = 0.09; P<.001).


CONCLUSION
Consistent synergistic interactions of trastuzumab plus carboplatin, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, docetaxel, or vinorelbine across a wide range of clinically relevant concentrations in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells indicate that these are rational combinations to test in human clinical trials.
Image-based plant phenotyping with incremental learning and active contours

Plant phenotyping investigates how a plant’s genome, interacting with the environment, affects the observable traits of a plant (phenome). It is becoming increasingly important in our quest towards efficient and sustainable agriculture. While sequencing the genome is becoming increasingly efficient, acquiring phenotype information has remained largely of low throughput. Current solutions for automated image-based plant phenotyping, rely either on semiautomated or manual analysis of the imaging data, or on expensive and proprietary software which accompanies costly hardware infrastructure. While some attempts have been made to create software applications that enable the analysis of such images in an automated fashion, most solutions are tailored to particular acquisition scenarios and restrictions on experimental design. In this paper we propose and test, a method for the segmentation and the automated analysis of time-lapse plant images from phenotyping experiments in a general laboratory setting, that can adapt to scene variability. The method involves minimal user interaction, necessary to establish the statistical experiments that may follow. At every time instance (i.e., a digital photograph), it segments the plants in images that contain many specimens of the same species. For accurate plant segmentation we propose a vector valued level set formulation that incorporates features of color intensity, local texture, and prior knowledge. Prior knowledge is incorporated using a plant appearance model implemented with Gaussian Mixture Models, which utilizes incrementally information from previously segmented instances. The proposed approach is tested on Arabidopsis plant images acquired with a static camera capturing many subjects at the same time. Our validation with ground truth segmentations and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods in the literature show that the proposed method is able to handle images with complicated and changing background in an automated fashion. An accuracy of 96.7% (Dice Similarity Coefficient) was observed, which was higher than other methods used for comparison. While here it was tested on a single plant species, the fact that we do not employ shape driven models and we do not rely on fully supervised classification (trained on a large dataset) increases the ease of deployment of the proposed solution for the study of different plant species in a variety of laboratory settings. Our solution will be accompanied by an easy to use graphical user interface and, to facilitate adoption, we will make the software available to the scientific community.
The Negative Energy of Gravitation as Stabilizational Factor in Field Theory and Cosmology

This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to inconsistency of the considered working hypothesis. The consistent treatment is presented in the last publications of the author.
Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating estuarine and coastal water quality

The successful launch of Hyperion in November 2000 bridged the gap between the high-resolution (spatial and spectral) airborne remote sensing and the lower resolution satellite remote sensing. Although designed as a technical demonstration for land applications, Hyperion was tested for its capabilities over a range of water targets in Eastern Australia, including Moreton Bay in southern Queensland. Moreton Bay was the only Australian Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) Hyperion coastal site used for calibration/validation activities. This region was selected due to its spatial gradients in optical depth, water quality, bathymetry, and substrate composition. A combination of turbid and humic river inputs, as well as the open ocean flushing, determines the water quality of the bay. The field campaigns were coincident with Hyperion overpasses, retrieved inherent optical properties, apparent optical properties, substrate reflectance spectra, and water quality parameters. Environmental noise calculations demonstrate that Hyperion has sufficient sensitivity to detect optical water quality concentrations of colored dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll, and suspended matter in the complex waters of Moreton Bay. A methodology was developed integrating atmospheric and hydrooptical radiative transfer models (MODTRAN-4, Hydrolight) to estimate the underwater light field. A matrix inversion method was applied to retrieve concentrations of chlorophyll, colored dissolved organic matter, and suspended matter, which were comparable to those estimated in the field on the days of the overpass.
Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of delayed high-school start times on sleep and motor vehicle crashes.


METHODS
The sleep habits and motor vehicle crash rates of adolescents from a single, large, county-wide, school district were assessed by questionnaire before and after a 1-hour delay in school start times.


RESULTS
Average hours of nightly sleep increased and catch-up sleep on weekends decreased. Average crash rates for teen drivers in the study county in the 2 years after the change in school start time dropped 16.5%, compared with the 2 years prior to the change, whereas teen crash rates for the rest of the state increased 7.8% over the same time period.


CONCLUSIONS
Later school start times may both increase the sleep of adolescents and decrease their risk of motor vehicle crashes.
Intraforaminal O(2)-O(3) versus periradicular steroidal infiltrations in lower back pain: randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Reports about steroids and oxygen-ozone therapy to treat lower back pain have been increasing. The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients treated with infiltrations of O(2)-O(3) gas or steroids at short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up.


METHODS
A total of 306 patients (166 with primarily disk disease, 140 with nondisk vertebral disease) with acute or chronic low back and sciatic nerve pain received a CT-guided intraforaminal infiltration of an O(2)-O(3) gas mixture or an periradicular infiltration of steroids. Neurologists unaware of the type of treatment assessed the patients.


RESULTS
At 1-week follow-up, most patients had a complete remission of pain, regardless of the treatment. At 6-month follow-up, differences in favor of O(2)-O(3) treatment were significant in patients with disk disease (P = .0021) but not in those without disk disease (P = .0992). Clinical outcomes were poor in 13 (15.1%) of 86 patients receiving O(2)-O(3) infiltration and in 18 (22.5%) of 80 patients receiving steroid injection (P = .2226). Among patients without disk disease, six (8.6%) of 70 patients receiving O(2)-O(3) infiltration but 21.4% of the patients receiving steroid injections had poor outcomes (P = .0332).


CONCLUSION
Oxygen-ozone treatment was highly effective in relieving acute and chronic lower back pain and sciatica. The gas mixture can be administered as a first treatment to replace epidural steroids.