LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Scaling Egocentric Vision: The EPIC-KITCHENS Dataset

First-person vision is gaining interest as it offers a unique viewpoint on people’s interaction with objects, their attention, and even intention. However, progress in this challenging domain has been relatively slow due to the lack of sufficiently large datasets. In this paper, we introduce EPIC-KITCHENS, a large-scale egocentric video benchmark recorded by 32 participants in their native kitchen environments. Our videos depict non-scripted daily activities: we simply asked each participant to start recording every time they entered their kitchen. Recording took place in 4 cities (in North America and Europe) by participants belonging to 10 different nationalities, resulting in highly diverse cooking styles. Our dataset features 55 hours of video consisting of 11.5M frames, which we densely labelled for a total of 39.6K action segments and 454.3K object bounding boxes. Our annotation is unique in that we had the participants narrate their own videos (after recording), thus reflecting true intention, and we crowd-sourced ground-truths based on these. We describe our object, action and anticipation challenges, and evaluate several baselines over two test splits, seen and unseen kitchens.
When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity

Individuals within organizations are beginning to make an important realization: more information technology (IT) usage in the workplace can, at times, lead to productivity losses. We conceptualize this frequently observed, but largely ignored phenomenon as technology overload, when additional technology tools begin to crowd out one’s productivity instead of enhancing it. We found support for three main factors contributing technology-based productivity losses through information overload, communication overload, and system feature overload. Interestingly, these factors are a function of the individuals who use the technology, not the technology itself. In this paper, we present the results from three studies that (1) develop and pre-test a scale measurement for technology overload and its distinct dimensions, (2) validate the instrument, and (3) explore the relationship between technology overload and knowledge worker productivity. Our findings demonstrate the relationship between information technology usage and knowledge worker productivity, and they suggest how tradeoffs can be managed to ameliorate technology overload. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Depth Sweep Regression Forests for Estimating 3D Human Pose from Images

In this work we address the problem of estimating the 3D human pose from a single RGB image, which is a challenging problem since different 3D poses may have similar 2D projections. Following the success of regression forests for 3D pose estimation from depth data or 2D pose estimation from RGB images, we extend regression forests to infer missing depth data of image features and 3D pose simultaneously. Since we do not observe depth for inference or training directly, we hypothesize the depth of the features by sweeping with a plane through the 3D volume of potential joint locations. The regression forests are then combined with a pictorial structure framework, which is extended to 3D. The approach is evaluated on two challenging benchmarks where stateof-the-art performance is achieved.
Emerging indirect and long-term road salt effects on ecosystems.

Widespread use of salts as deicing agents on roads has been perceived as a significant source of environmental and economic damage. Early studies focused on near-road and short-term effects where concentrations can exceed several grams per liter. Evidence is accumulating that the use of salts has significant effects over broader areas, longer time frames, and is affecting a range of ecological processes. Concentrations of NaCl can be elevated throughout an ecosystem to >100 mg Cl(-) /L, which may have nonlethal and possibly subtle effects on sensitive life stages of several organisms. NaCl seems subject to retention within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, thus prolonging the actual duration of exposure and leading to elevated warm-season concentrations when reproduction may be occurring or other sensitive life stages are present. Many of the alternatives to NaCl reduce some of these negative effects, although are currently cost prohibitive for large-scale use. Some techniques for managing application rates are improvements in technology, while others involve novel mixtures of organic compounds that may have new environmental consequences. The increasing evidence of these widespread and persistent environmental consequences must be brought into decisions on deicing procedures.
Hysteroscopy- and laparoscopy-based diagnosis and treatment of girls with unbroken hymen with an obstructing uterine septum: two case reports

INTRODUCTION
Obstructing uterine septum is a rare uterine malformation. Patients with obstructing uterine septum are usually treated with laparouterotomy, causing obvious injury to both the uterus and body of the patients. Therefore, using the natural channel of the vagina is undoubtedly the best way to carry out the surgery. However, obstructing uterine septum usually occurs in puberty in girls without a history of sexual intercourse, thus iatrogenic damage to the hymen during the diagnosis and treatment cannot probably be avoided. However, Chinese people traditionally tend to use hymen intactness as a standard to judge whether an unmarried woman is chaste. Therefore, in China, to protect the hymen from damage during hysteroscopic diagnosis and treatment is of special significance for girls and women with unbroken hymens. None of the previously reported cases were treated with electrosurgical obstructing uterine septum excision based on B-ultrasound-guided hymen-protecting hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.


CASE PRESENTATION
Case 1 patient was a virgo intacta 13-year-old Chinese girl. She was admitted due to an 8-day post-menstruation lower abdominal pain. With the guidance of B-ultrasound, we observed a 30mm×20mm mixed echogenicity mass in her uterine cavity. Case 2 patient was a virgo intacta 14-year-old Chinese girl. She was admitted to our hospital more than 6 months after secondary dysmenorrhea and 6 days after B-ultrasound-diagnosed uterine malformations. We observed a 30mm×25mm mixed echoic area in her uterine cavity with the guidance of B-ultrasound.Both patients were surgically treated without hymen damage with B-ultrasound-guided combined therapy of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. A needle electrode with an 8mm diameter was placed into their uterine cavities under hysteroscopy. After obstructing uterine septum removal, their uterine cavities showed normal morphology. To protect their hymens, misoprostol was placed into their rectums to soften their cervices, so that the hysteroscope could be inserted into their cavities without damaging their hymens.


CONCLUSION
Virgo intacta women with obstructing uterine septum could be treated with electrosurgical obstructing uterine septum excision based on B-ultrasound-guided hymen-protecting hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.
Higher level of systemic C-reactive protein is independently predictive of coronary heart disease in older community-dwelling adults: the three-city study.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the association between systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in community-dwelling elderly people.


DESIGN
A French population-based multicenter prospective cohort study.


SETTING
Three cities in France: Bordeaux in the southwest, Dijon in the northeast, and Montpellier in the southeast.


PARTICIPANTS
After 4 years of follow-up, a case-cohort study was designed including 1,004 subjects randomly selected from the initial cohort of 9,294 subjects free of CHD at baseline and 174 subjects who developed first CHD events during follow-up.


MEASUREMENTS
Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model adapted for the case-cohort design using a CRP level less than 1 mg/L as the reference category.


RESULTS
Of the random sample, 24.3% had a CRP level less than 1.0 mg/L, 45.8% had a CRP level of 1.0 to 2.9 mg/L, and 29.9% had a CRP level of 3.0 to 10.0 mg/L. The HRs for CHD, adjusted for age, sex, and study center, were 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-2.75) for CRP from 1.0 to 2.9 mg/L and 2.32 (95% CI=1.41-3.82) for CRP from 3.0 to 10.0 mg/L (P for trend <.001). After additional adjustment for smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, statin use, and antihypertensive treatment, a baseline CRP of 3.0 to 10.0 mg/L remained associated with risk of CHD (HR=1.87, 95% CI=1.09-3.25), although CRP did not improve the discriminative ability of a predicting model based on traditional risk factors (receiver operating characteristic curves from 0.740 to 0.749).


CONCLUSION
CRP is an independent CHD risk marker but does not improve CHD risk prediction in community-dwelling elderly people.
Signal representation in the combined phase-spatial space: reconstruction and criteria for uniqueness

Motivated by the major roles of spectral phase in signal structure and by recent results on the importance of localized representation in images, we develop conditions for unique representation of a signal by a combination of its spectral (Fourier) phase and spatial samples. Methods for signal reconstruction from various combinations of spatial and phase information are introduced. It is concluded that most of the previous results in the area of phase-only representation and reconstruction are special cases of the general approach presented here.
Association of rhinosinusitis with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Although it is already known that the inflammation process elevates the risk of developing cancer, to date the association between rhinosinusitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between rhinosinusitis and NPC based on a nationwide database.


STUDY DESIGN
Case-control study.


METHODS
In total, the cases comprised of 2,242 subjects with NPC and 6,726 randomly selected subjects as controls. Separate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for having been previously diagnosed with chronic and acute rhinosinusitis between the cases and controls.


RESULTS
Of the total sample, 607 subjects (6.77%) had been diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis prior to the index date: 322 (14.36%) cases with NPC and 285 (4.24%) controls (P<.001). A conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR of prior chronic rhinosinusitis for subjects with NPC is 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.23-4.53) as compared to controls after adjusting for the factors of income, urbanization, geographic location, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse/dependence syndrome. Furthermore, 1,199 (53.48%) cases and 2,938 (42.19%) controls had been diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis prior to the index date (P<.001).The adjusted OR of prior acute rhinosinusitis for subjects with NPC was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.43-1.73) that of controls.


CONCLUSIONS
This study detected an association between NPC and rhinosinusitis. We recommend that patients who are diagnosed with rhinosinusitis, either acute or chronic, seek out aggressive management to reduce the tissue burden and lower the risk of subsequently developing NPC.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3b.
Host Defenses to Rickettsia rickettsii Infection Contribute to Increased Microvascular Permeability in Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells

Rickettsiae are arthropod-borne intracellular bacterial pathogens that primarily infect the microvascular endothelium leading to systemic spread of the organisms and the major pathophysiological effect, increased microvascular permeability, and edema in vital organs such as the lung and brain. Much work has been done on mechanisms of immunity to rickettsiae, as well as the responses of endothelial cells to rickettsial invasion. However, to date, no one has described the mechanisms of increased microvascular permeability during acute rickettsiosis. We sought to establish an in vitro model of human endothelial-target rickettsial infection using the etiological agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii, and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Endothelial cells infected with R. rickettsii exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, which translates into increased monolayer permeability. Additionally, we showed that the addition of pro-inflammatory stimuli essential to rickettsial immunity dramatically enhanced this effect. This increase in permeability correlates with dissociation of adherens junctions between endothelial cells and is not dependent on the presence of nitric oxide. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that increased microvascular permeability associated with rickettsial infection is partly attributable to intracellular rickettsiae and partly attributable to the immune defenses that have evolved to protect the host from rickettsial spread.
Exogenous testosterone decreases men's personal distance in a social threat context

BACKGROUND
Testosterone can motivate human approach and avoidance behavior. Specifically, the conscious recognition of and implicit reaction to angry facial expressions is influenced by testosterone. The study tested whether exogenous testosterone modulates the personal distance (PD) humans prefer in a social threat context.


METHODS
82 healthy male participants underwent either transdermal testosterone (testosterone group) or placebo application (placebo group). Each participant performed a computerized stop-distance task before (T1) and 3.5h after (T2) treatment, during which they indicated how closely they would approach a human, animal or virtual character with varying emotional expression.


RESULTS
Men's PD towards humans and animals varied as a function of their emotional expression. In the testosterone group, a pre-post comparison indicated that the administration of 50mg testosterone was associated with a small but significant reduction of men's PD towards aggressive individuals. Men in the placebo group did not change the initially chosen PD after placebo application independent of the condition. However comparing the testosterone and placebo group after testosterone administration did not reveal significant differences. While the behavioral effect was small and only observed as within-group effect it was repeatedly and selectively shown for men's PD choices towards an angry woman, angry man and angry dog in the testosterone group. In line with the literature, our findings in young men support the influential role of exogenous testosterone on male's approach behavior during social confrontations.
Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic.

BACKGROUND
In the treatment of schizophrenia, changing antipsychotics is common when one treatment is suboptimally effective, but the relative effectiveness of drugs used in this strategy is unknown. This randomized, double-blind study compared olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients who had just discontinued a different atypical antipsychotic.


METHOD
Subjects with schizophrenia (N=444) who had discontinued the atypical antipsychotic randomly assigned during phase 1 of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) investigation were randomly reassigned to double-blind treatment with a different antipsychotic (olanzapine, 7.5-30 mg/day [N=66]; quetiapine, 200-800 mg/day [N=63]; risperidone, 1.5-6.0 mg/day [N=69]; or ziprasidone, 40-160 mg/day [N=135]). The primary aim was to determine if there were differences between these four treatments in effectiveness measured by time until discontinuation for any reason.


RESULTS
The time to treatment discontinuation was longer for patients treated with risperidone (median: 7.0 months) and olanzapine (6.3 months) than with quetiapine (4.0 months) and ziprasidone (2.8 months). Among patients who discontinued their previous antipsychotic because of inefficacy (N=184), olanzapine was more effective than quetiapine and ziprasidone, and risperidone was more effective than quetiapine. There were no significant differences between antipsychotics among those who discontinued their previous treatment because of intolerability (N=168).


CONCLUSIONS
Among this group of patients with chronic schizophrenia who had just discontinued treatment with an atypical antipsychotic, risperidone and olanzapine were more effective than quetiapine and ziprasidone as reflected by longer time until discontinuation for any reason.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Management: The Moderating Role of Coping Styles

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Evidence of the efficacy of existing psychological interventions for self-management in diabetes is limited. The current study aimed at assessing the effects of group-based ACT on self-management of patients with T2DM, considering the moderating role of coping styles.


METHODS
One hundred and six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned either to the education alone (n = 53) or to a combination of education and group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 53) over a period of 10 sessions. In each group, 50 participants completed a 3 month follow-up assessment.


RESULTS
After 3 months, compared to patients who received education alone, those in the group-based acceptance and commitment therapy condition were more likely to use effective coping strategies, reported better diabetes self-care, and optimum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in the target range.


CONCLUSIONS
Consideration of the role of coping style for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy may be a useful addition to services provided for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Design of a Multiband Antenna for Mobile Handset Operations

A compact internal antenna is proposed for GSM/GPS/DCS/PCS/UMTS/Bluetooth/WLAN/WiFi/WiMAX applications. The proposed antenna is comprised of a loop antenna and a monopole antenna. The antenna system shows wide multi-operation band as well as good radiation patterns and small volume. The antenna can be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone and short-circuited to the system ground plane to form a loop-type structure. A comparison with that of the existing antennas showed that wide impedance bandwidth of the proposed structure can be achieved without increasing the implementation complexity.
SEF Working paper : 12 / 2011 September 2011 The stability of big-five personality traits

We use a large, nationally-representative sample of working-age adults to demonstrate that personality (as measured by the Big Five) is stable over a four-year period. Average personality changes are small and do not vary substantially across age groups. Intra-individual personality change is generally unrelated to experiencing adverse life events and is unlikely to be economically meaningful. Like other non-cognitive traits, personality can be modeled as a stable input into many economic decisions. JEL classi cation: J3, C18.
Oral vitamin C supplementation in hemodialysis patients and its effect on the plasma level of oxidized ascorbic acid and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, an oxidative stress marker.

BACKGROUND/AIM
Oxidative stress is known to be enhanced in hemodialysis patients, and one of its useful markers is plasma copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD). The increase in plasma Cu/Zn-SOD can be inhibited by orally administered lipid-soluble vitamin E. We examined the antioxidative effects of water-soluble vitamin C administered orally on Cu/Zn-SOD levels in hemodialysis patients.


METHODS
Vitamin C was orally administered to 16 maintenance hemodialysis patients before each dialysis session. Doses were increased from 200 to 1,000 mg over 3 months. The levels of plasma vitamin C and Cu/Zn-SOD and its mRNA expression in leukocytes were determined 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of vitamin C administration. Furthermore, the levels of oxidized and reduced forms of plasma vitamin C were determined before the start of vitamin C administration and before and after dialysis at 1,000-mg vitamin C doses.


RESULTS
Following oral administration, the plasma levels of vitamin C and its oxidized form were increased. However, significant changes in plasma Cu/Zn-SOD or its mRNA expression in leukocytes were not observed.


CONCLUSION
In maintenance hemodialysis patients, vitamin C administration resulted in a significant increase in the postdialysis level of the oxidized form of vitamin C, which suggested an increase in antioxidant effect. However, water-soluble vitamin C did not significantly suppress Cu/Zn-SOD expression enhancement.
A Change Detection and Segmentation Toolbox for Matlab

This report describes the algorithms implemented in a Matlab toolbox for change detection and data segmentation. Functions are provided for simulating changes, choosing design parameters and detecting abrupt changes in signals.
Burnout, depression and depersonalisation – Psychological factors and coping strategies in dental and medical students

BACKGROUND
Previous studies found that stress, depression, burnout, anxiety, and depersonalisation play a significant role amongst dental and medical students. We wanted to examine if students of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg also would report elevated values as can been found in similar publications. Furthermore, particularly coping strategies were investigated.


METHODS
The data collection took place in April 2008 including 182 dental and medical students of the 4th and 5th academic year at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Demographic data and the following screening instruments were used: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS-9), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief COPE.


RESULTS
Descriptive statistics showed higher pathological values in dental students than in medical students. The difference was especially pronounced on the depersonalisation scale (CDS-9), with 20.4% of the dental students, but only 5.5% of the medical students showing scores above a cut-off of 19. The scores decreased in the course of 3 semesters of dentistry. The students with elevated values showed a higher degree of dysfunctional coping.


CONCLUSION
Our results obtained with the screening instruments are in line with the results of previous investigations of other authors and point out the importance of this issue. It might be useful to develop programs teaching dental students more adaptive coping strategies before their first patient contact.