LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Subsumption Using Genetic Programming

1 . INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW The repetitive application of seemingly simple rules can lead to complex overall emergent behavior. Emergent functionality means that overall functionality is not achieved in the conventional tightly coupled, centrally controlled way, but, instead, indirectly by the interaction of relatively primitive components with the world and among themselves [Steels 1991]. Emergent functionality is one of the main themes of research in artificial life [Langton 1989]. In this paper, we use the genetic programming paradigm to evolve a computer program that exhibits emergent behavior and enables an autonomous mobile robot to follow the walls of an irregularly shaped room. The evolutionary process is driven only by the fitness of the programs in solving the problem.
Indicators of woman abuse based on a chart review at a family practice center.

OBJECTIVE
To identify demographic and health indicators of domestic violence.


DESIGN
Anonymous questionnaire survey of patients regarding violence and a chart review regarding symptoms and diagnoses.


SETTING
Community-based family practice residency training center in a midwestern city.


PARTICIPANTS
Women 18 years of age or older visiting the center over a 2-month period in 1990. Of 476 eligible participants, 394 (82.7%) consented to complete the survey.


MEASURES
A detailed, standardized measure of violence was used. Physical and psychological problems were given codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9).


RESULTS
Younger women and those separated or divorced from their partners were more likely to have been victims. Never-married women also had substantially high rates of victimization. Depression was the strongest indicator of victimization, even when controlling for demographic factors. Back pain, ulcers, headaches, and anxiety were not strong indicators of abuse. A classification analysis showed that a combination of all variables could predict lifetime injury only about half the time and violence in the past year only about 20% of the time.


CONCLUSIONS
Since neither demographic nor health factors could accurately predict who had been victimized, all women need to be asked about abuse. Physicians should also keep in mind that divorced and unmarried women are often affected by abuse, either immediately or by its long-term aftereffects.
Plasma microRNA-100 is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability.

BACKGROUND
Although numerous studies have reported altered plasma levels of various microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with cardiovascular disease, there are no data on the relationship between plasma miRNAs and vulnerable coronary plaque. In this study, we investigated whether plasma miRNAs might be a sensitive marker of coronary plaque vulnerability.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) was performed in 32 consecutive patients with angina pectoris who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Three-dimensional analysis of IB-IVUS was performed to determine the percentage of lipid volume (%LV) and fibrous volume (%FV). Circulating miRNAs were measured in EDTA-plasma simultaneously obtained from the aorta and the coronary sinus (CS). Muscle-enriched (miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-499), vascular-enriched (miR-92a, miR-100, miR-126, miR-127, miR-145), and myeloid cell-enriched miRNAs (miR-155, miR-223) were measured. Plasma miR-100 was higher in the CS than in the aorta, but there were no significant differences in the levels of other miRNAs between the aorta and CS. Plasma miR-100 in the aorta was positively correlated with %LV (r=0.48, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with %FV (r=-0.41, P<0.05). Importantly, transcoronary concentration gradient of circulating miR-100 was more strongly correlated with %LV (r=0.53, P<0.01) and %FV (r=-0.56, P<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
miR-100 might be released into the coronary circulation from vulnerable coronary plaques. This study provides insights into the role of miRNAs in coronary atherosclerotic disease.
Low-profile tunable WWAN antenna for Whole-Metal-Covered mobile phone applications

A novel tunable coupled-fed dual inverted-L antenna (ILA) antenna suitable for the penta-band WWAN operation in the Whole-Metal-Covered (WMC) slim handset is presented. The antenna mainly comprises a variable chip-capacitor-loaded vertical radiating strip, which is co-existed with part of the metallic bezel on the corner of mobile handset and planar L-shaped radiating strip with a parallel resonant circuit (PRC) integrated therein to achieve multiband operation. The vertical radiating strip generate first resonant modes at about 850 MHz and 1700 MHz and the planar radiating strip generate second resonant modes at about 900 MHz and 1800 MHz respectively, and thereby resulting in dual-wide band operating modes.
Compromised concentrations of ascorbate in fluid lining the respiratory tract in human subjects after exposure to ozone.

OBJECTIVES
Ozone (O3) imposes an oxidative burden on the lung in two ways. Firstly, directly as a consequence of its oxidising character during exposure, and secondly, indirectly by engendering inflammation. In this study the second pathway was considered by ascertaining the impact of O3 on the redox state of the fluid lining the respiratory tract 6 hours after challenge.


METHODS
Nine subjects were exposed in a double blind crossover control trial to air and 200 ppb O3 for 2 hours with an intermittent exercise and rest protocol. Blood samples were obtained and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)) assessed before, immediately after, and 6 hours after exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 6 hours after challenge. Inflammation was assessed in BAL fluid (total and differential cell counts, plus myeloperoxidase concentrations), and plasma and BAL fluid redox state were determined by measuring concentrations of antioxidants and markers of oxidative damage.


RESULTS
Neutrophil numbers in BAL fluid increased 2.2-fold (p = 0.07) 6 hours after exposure and this was accompanied by increased myeloperoxidase concentrations in BAL fluid (p = 0.08). On the other hand, BAL fluid macrophage and lymphocyte numbers decreased 2.5-fold (p = 0.08) and 3.1-fold (p = 0.08), respectively at this time. Of the antioxidants examined, only ascorbate in BAL fluid was affected by O3, falling in all subjects relative to air values (0.1 (0.0-0.3) v 0.3 (0.2-1.2) mumol/l (p = 0.008)). A marginal decrease in plasma ascorbate was also detected at this time (p < 0.05). Although the decrease in macrophage numbers seemed to be causally related to the increase in neutrophils (R = -0.79), myeloperoxidase concentrations (R = -0.93) and ascorbate concentrations (R = 0.6), no clear associations were apparent between ascorbate changes and neutrophils or myeloperoxidase concentration after O3.


CONCLUSIONS
Ascorbate in the fluid lining the respiratory tract is depleted as a consequence of O3 exposure at 6 hours after exposure. This was contemporaneous with, although not quantitatively related to the increase in neutrophil numbers and myeloperoxidase concentrations. Decreased macrophage numbers 6 hours after O3 related to the degree of neutrophilic inflammation with populations conserved where ascorbate concentration in the fluid lining the respiratory tract were high after exposure. These results imply that ascorbate has a critical protective role against inflammatory oxidative stress induced by O3.
Pulmonary Vascular Distensibility Predicts Pulmonary Hypertension Severity, Exercise Capacity, and Survival in Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary vascular (PV) distensibility, defined as the percent increase in pulmonary vessel diameter per mm Hg increase in pressure, permits the pulmonary vessels to increase in size to accommodate increased blood flow. We hypothesized that PV distensibility is abnormally low in patients with heart failure (HF) and serves as an important determinant of right ventricular performance and exercise capacity.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (n=48), HF with reduced ejection fraction (n=55), pulmonary arterial hypertension without left heart failure (n=18), and control subjects (n=30) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with invasive hemodynamic monitoring and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography. PV distensibility was derived from 1257 matched measurements (mean±SD, 8.3±2.8 per subject) of pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and cardiac output. PV distensibility was lowest in the pulmonary arterial hypertension group (0.40±0.24% per mm Hg) and intermediate in the HF with preserved ejection fraction and HF with reduced ejection fraction groups (0.92±0.39 and 0.84±0.33% per mm Hg, respectively) compared to the control group (1.39±0.32% per mm Hg, P<0.0001 for all three). PV distensibility was associated with change in right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF, ρ=0.39, P<0.0001) with exercise and was an independent predictor of peak VO2. PV distensibility also predicted cardiovascular mortality independent of peak VO2 in HF patients (n=103; Cox hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.93; P=0.036). In a subset of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (n=26), 12 weeks of treatment with the pulmonary vasodilator sildenafil or placebo led to a 24.6% increase in PV distensibility (P=0.015) in the sildenafil group only.


CONCLUSIONS
PV distensibility is reduced in patients with HF and pulmonary arterial hypertension and is closely related to RV systolic function during exercise, maximal exercise capacity, and survival. Furthermore, PV distensibility is modifiable with selective pulmonary vasodilator therapy and may represent an important target for therapy in selected HF patients with pulmonary hypertension.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00309790.
Number of people with glaucoma worldwide.

AIM
To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma among people worldwide.


METHODS
Available published data on glaucoma prevalence were reviewed to determine the relation of open angle and angle closure glaucoma with age in people of European, African, and Asian origin. A comparison was made with estimated world population data for the year 2000.


RESULTS
The number of people with primary glaucoma in the world by the year 2000 is estimated at nearly 66.8 million, with 6.7 million suffering from bilateral blindness. In developed countries, fewer than 50% of those with glaucoma are aware of their disease. In the developing world, the rate of known disease is even lower.


CONCLUSIONS
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of vision loss in the world. Improved methods of screening and therapy for glaucoma are urgently needed.
Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND
Hepatic encephalopathy is a chronically debilitating complication of hepatic cirrhosis. The efficacy of rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, is well documented in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy, but its efficacy for prevention of the disease has not been established.


METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 299 patients who were in remission from recurrent hepatic encephalopathy resulting from chronic liver disease to receive either rifaximin, at a dose of 550 mg twice daily (140 patients), or placebo (159 patients) for 6 months. The primary efficacy end point was the time to the first breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy. The key secondary end point was the time to the first hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy.


RESULTS
Rifaximin significantly reduced the risk of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy, as compared with placebo, over a 6-month period (hazard ratio with rifaximin, 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.64; P<0.001). A breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 22.1% of patients in the rifaximin group, as compared with 45.9% of patients in the placebo group. A total of 13.6% of the patients in the rifaximin group had a hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy, as compared with 22.6% of patients in the placebo group, for a hazard ratio of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.87; P=0.01). More than 90% of patients received concomitant lactulose therapy. The incidence of adverse events reported during the study was similar in the two groups, as was the incidence of serious adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Over a 6-month period, treatment with rifaximin maintained remission from hepatic encephalopathy more effectively than did placebo. Rifaximin treatment also significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00298038.)
Fuzzy dual-factor time-series for stock index forecasting

There is an old Wall Street adage goes, ‘‘It takes volume to make price move”. The contemporaneous relation between trading volume and stock returns has been studied since stock markets were first opened. Recent researchers such as Wang and Chin [Wang, C. Y., & Chin S. T. (2004). Profitability of return and volume-based investment strategies in China’s stock market. Pacific-Basin Finace Journal, 12, 541–564], Hodgson et al. [Hodgson, A., Masih, A. M. M., & Masih, R. (2006). Futures trading volume as a determinant of prices in different momentum phases. International Review of Financial Analysis, 15, 68–85], and Ting [Ting, J. J. L. (2003). Causalities of the Taiwan stock market. Physica A, 324, 285–295] have found the correlation between stock volume and price in stock markets. To verify this saying, in this paper, we propose a dual-factor modified fuzzy time-series model, which take stock index and trading volume as forecasting factors to predict stock index. In empirical analysis, we employ the TAIEX (Taiwan stock exchange capitalization weighted stock index) and NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) as experimental datasets and two multiplefactor models, Chen’s [Chen, S. M. (2000). Temperature prediction using fuzzy time-series. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 30 (2), 263–275] and Huarng and Yu’s [Huarng, K. H., & Yu, H. K. (2005). A type 2 fuzzy time-series model for stock index forecasting. Physica A, 353, 445–462], as comparison models. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the listing models and the employed factors, stock index and the volume technical indicator, VR(t), are effective in stock index forecasting. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy.

OBJECTIVE
There are limited data suggesting that methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXGlu) concentrations can guide MTX dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to define a therapeutic range of red blood cell (RBC) MTXGlu(n) concentrations (where n refers to the number of glutamate groups), including threshold values for efficacy and adverse effects in patients receiving long-term oral MTX treatment.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 192 patients receiving oral MTX was undertaken. Disease activity was assessed by the swollen and tender joint counts, the C-reactive protein level, and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). High disease activity was defined as a DAS28 of >3.2. A standardized questionnaire regarding common MTX adverse effects was completed.


RESULTS
The MTX dosage was significantly higher in patients in whom the swollen joint count and DAS28 were higher. The MTXGlu(4), MTXGlu(5), MTXGlu(3-5), and MTXGlu(1-5) concentrations were significantly higher in patients with high disease activity. After correction for age, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the MTX dosage, the association remained significant for MTXGlu(5). RBC folate concentrations were significantly higher in the group with high disease activity. There was no association between any MTXGlu(n) concentration and adverse effects.


CONCLUSION
In contrast to other studies, the results of the present study did not show a relationship between the MTXGlu(n) concentration and reduced disease activity in patients with RA who were receiving long-term MTX therapy. However, disease activity was influenced by the RBC folate level, which may be a more important factor than MTXGlu(n) concentrations for disease control. In accordance with the findings of previous studies, we were unable to show a relationship between MTXGlu(n) concentrations and adverse effects. Prospective studies will be important to determine whether there is a role for measuring MTXGlu(n) concentrations in patients receiving long-term treatment with MTX.
THE PEOPLING OF THE NEW WORLD : Perspectives from Molecular Anthropology

■ Abstract A number of important insights into the peopling of the New World have been gained through molecular genetic studies of Siberian and Native American populations. These data indicate that the initial migration of ancestral Amerindian originated in south-central Siberia and entered the New World between 20,000–14,000 calendar years before present (cal yr BP). These early immigrants probably followed a coastal route into the New World, where they expanded into all continental regions. A second migration that may have come from the same Siberian region entered the Americas somewhat later, possibly using an interior route, and genetically contributed to indigenous populations from North and Central America. In addition, Beringian populations moved into northern North America after the last glacial maximum (LGM) and gave rise to Aleuts, Eskimos, and Na-Dené Indians.
NADA: New Arabic Dataset for Text Classification

In the recent years, Arabic Natural Language Processing, including Text summarization, Text simplification, Text Categorization and other Natural Language-related disciplines, are attracting more researchers. Appropriate resources for Arabic Text Categorization are becoming a big necessity for the development of this research. The few existing corpora are not ready for use, they require preprocessing and filtering operations. In addition, most of them are not organized based on standard classification methods which makes unbalanced classes and thus reduced the classification accuracy. This paper proposes a New Arabic Dataset (NADA) for Text Categorization purpose. This corpus is composed of two existing corpora OSAC and DAA. The new corpus is preprocessed and filtered using the recent state of the art methods. It is also organized based on Dewey decimal classification scheme and Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique. The experiment results show that NADA is an efficient dataset ready for use in Arabic Text Categorization. Keywords—Data collection; arabic natural language processing; arabic text categorization; dewey decimal classification; synthetic minority over-sampling
Hiding sensitive association rules to maintain privacy and data quality in database

In this paper, we propose a heuristic based algorithm named MDSRRC (Modified Decrease Support of R.H.S. item of Rule Clusters) to hide the sensitive association rules with multiple items in consequent (R.H.S) and antecedent (L.H.S). This algorithm overcomes the limitation of existing rule hiding algorithm DSRRC. Proposed algorithm selects the items and transactions based on certain criteria which modify transactions to hide the sensitive information. Experimental result shows that proposed algorithm is highly efficient and maintains database quality.
Characteristics and Outcomes of In-Hospital Palliative Care Consultation among Patients with Renal Disease Versus Other Serious Illnesses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Despite significant morbidity and mortality associated with ESRD, these patients receive palliative care services much less often than patients with other serious illnesses, perhaps because they are perceived as having less need for such services. We compared characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients in the United States who had a palliative care consultation for renal disease versus other serious illnesses.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
In this observational study, we used data collected by the Palliative Care Quality Network, a national palliative care quality improvement collaborative. The 23-item Palliative Care Quality Network core dataset includes demographics, processes of care, and clinical outcomes of all hospitalized patients who received a palliative care consultation between December of 2012 and March of 2016.


RESULTS
The cohort included 33,183 patients, of whom 1057 (3.2%) had renal disease as the primary reason for palliative care consultation. Mean age was 71.9 (SD=16.8) or 72.8 (SD=15.2) years old for those with renal disease or other illnesses, respectively. At the time of consultation, patients with renal disease or other illnesses had similarly low mean Palliative Performance Scale scores (36.0% versus 34.9%, respectively; P=0.08) and reported similar moderate to severe anxiety (14.9% versus 15.3%, respectively; P=0.90) and nausea (5.9% versus 5.9%, respectively; P>0.99). Symptoms improved similarly after consultation regardless of diagnosis (P≥0.50), except anxiety, which improved more often among those with renal disease (92.0% versus 66.0%, respectively; P=0.002). Although change in code status was similar among patients with renal disease versus other illnesses, from over 60% full code initially to 30% full code after palliative care consultation, fewer patients with renal disease were referred to hospice than those with other illnesses (30.7% versus 37.6%, respectively; P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Hospitalized patients with renal disease referred for palliative care consultation had similar palliative care needs, improved symptom management, and clarification of goals of care as those with other serious illnesses.
The effect of cholecystectomy on plasma cholecystokinin

OBJECTIVE:Gallbladder removal is associated with an increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux, but the mechanism is unclear. Cholecystokinin (CCK) release, which causes gallbladder contraction, is inhibited by bile in the duodenum. This study investigates the effect of cholecystectomy on meal-stimulated CCK secretion.METHODS:Three groups of patients were studied. Group 1 (n = 15) were normal controls. Group 2 (n = 27) were patients with symptomatic gallstones. Group 3 (n = 25) were patients who had undergone cholecystectomy. Meal-stimulated CCK levels were measured by radioimmunoassay at defined time points for 60 min after a standard corn oil-based meal.RESULTS:Fasting CCK levels were similar in all three groups. In postcholecystectomy patients, meal-stimulated plasma CCK levels were significantly elevated compared with controls: median (range) integrated CCK values for 60 min were 116 (28–209) in controls, 123 (20–501) in gallstone patients, and 176 (63–502) after cholecystectomy.CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that cholecystectomy causes an exaggerated meal-stimulated CCK response. Because CCK is known to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, these findings may help explain the increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux seen after cholecystectomy.
Generation of Pencil Sketch Drawing

This paper proposes a pencil sketch generating system that can create various pencil sketching styles for images, to satisfy different needs of users. The pencil sketch generating process includes process of three parts: line drawing, tone adjustment, and texture rendering. Some operations needed are first proposed, and various pencil sketching styles that generated by the proposed system are illustrated.