LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High-gain differential CMOS transimpedance amplifier with on-chip buried double junction photodiode

Introduction: The transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is widely used in optical receiver circuits. The majority of CMOS TIA designs reported in the literature are intended for high speed digital signal reception. The TIA reported in this Letter is optimised for low noise analogue optical signal detection, in a situation where a weak modulated optical signal is superimposed on a large DC background. This type of signal may be encountered for example in optical coherence tomography (OCT) [1]. Specifically, our design is optimised to detect a 100 kHz carrier frequency, 5 kHz bandwidth signal, and to reject an unwanted DC component with 50 dB attenuation compared to the signal band gain. Our TIA differs from other similar designs [2, 3] through the unique combination of an on-chip buried double junction (BDJ) photodiode, very high adjustable gain and attendant low noise.
Framework of ubiquitous healthcare system based on cloud computing for elderly living

This work discusses a integrating framework on health care, home safety, convenience and entertainment for elderly living. Since the increasing number of elderly people will live alone, yet requires more smart and automation home services, the proposed framework attempts to develop a smart living helper to improve their later life. Two systems are proposed in the Ubiquitous Healthcare System (UHS) framework including, the Web-based User Remote Management Service (WURMS) and the Multimodal Interactive Computation Services (MICS). The proposed systems are coordinating couple existing audio-visual and communication techniques, including the speech/sound recognition, the speaker identification, the face identification, the sound source estimation, the text to speech (TTS) and the event recognition. For elders' friendly interfaces, the proposed services include, (1) Home care services, (2) Emergency assistance, (3) Family interaction, (4) Remote medical services, (5) Security monitoring, and (6) Information services, to improve the elders' life in more convenience.
The Manifesto and the Middle Class

This paper examines Marx's claim in the Manifesto that capitalist society would polarize into two classes in light of the current evidence on growing inequality in American society. It argues that the middle class of industrial society is not an anomaly but a product of the incomplete development of capitalism and this middle class is presently being threatened with extinction through technological innovations in the forces of production.
Physical activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have suggested an inverse relationship between physical activity and markers of inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). However, these were inconsistent, and few examined whether race and gender influenced the relationship. This study determined a cross-sectional association between physical activity and hs-CRP level in 6142 middle-aged white, Chinese, black, and Hispanic participants enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis in 2000-2002.


METHODS
Combined moderate and vigorous physical activity was measured by self-reported leisure, conditioning, occupational, and household activities. ANCOVA was used to assess the association between moderate/vigorous physical activity and hs-CRP by gender and race.


RESULTS
Hs-CRP was higher in women. Blacks had the highest hs-CRP, and Chinese participants had the lowest. Hs-CRP decreased across tertiles of moderate/vigorous physical activity in Hispanic men in models adjusted for age, education, study site, and physical activity questionnaire mode of administration (p=0.005) and further adjusted for smoking, infection, and aspirin use (p=0.020). The trend remained significant after further adjustment for BMI; blood pressure; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; diabetes; and the use of antihypertensive, statin, and diabetes medication (p=0.044). There was a downward trend in hs-CRP across tertiles of physical activity in black and white men, but the association was weaker. No clear trend was observed in any female racial/ethnic groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that the association between moderate/vigorous physical activity and hs-CRP differs by race and gender. Further studies are needed to confirm this and to examine the mechanisms for these race and gender differences.
The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update.

AIM
Our aim was to describe the findings of a systematic review of studies that examine the relationship between nursing leadership practices and patient outcomes.


BACKGROUND
As healthcare faces an economic downturn, stressful work environments, upcoming retirements of leaders and projected workforce shortages, implementing strategies to ensure effective leadership and optimal patient outcomes are paramount. However, a gap still exists in what is known about the association between nursing leadership and patient outcomes.


METHODS
Published English-only research articles that examined leadership practices of nurses in formal leadership positions and patient outcomes were selected from eight online bibliographic databases. Quality assessments, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies.


RESULTS
A total of 20 studies satisfied our inclusion criteria and were retained. Current evidence suggests relationships between positive relational leadership styles and higher patient satisfaction and lower patient mortality, medication errors, restraint use and hospital-acquired infections.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings document evidence of a positive relationship between relational leadership and a variety of patient outcomes, although future testing of leadership models that examine the mechanisms of influence on outcomes is warranted.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Efforts by organisations and individuals to develop transformational and relational leadership reinforces organisational strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Lectins and Glycobiology

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Health problems of Nepalese migrants working in three Gulf countries

BACKGROUND
Nepal is one of the largest suppliers of labour to countries where there is a demand for cheap and low skilled workers. In the recent years the Gulf countries have collectively become the main destinations for international migration. This paper aims to explore the health problems and accidents experienced by a sample of Nepalese migrant in three Gulf countries.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 408 Nepalese migrants who had at least one period of work experience of at least six months in any of three Gulf countries: Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Face to face questionnaire interviews were conducted applying a convenience technique to select the study participants.


RESULTS
Nepalese migrants in these Gulf countries were generally young men between 26-35 years of age. Unskilled construction jobs including labourer, scaffolder, plumber and carpenter were the most common jobs. Health problems were widespread and one quarter of study participants reported experiencing injuries or accidents at work within the last 12 months. The rates of health problems and accidents reported were very similar in the three countries. Only one third of the respondents were provided with insurance for health services by their employer. Lack of leave for illness, cost and fear of losing their job were the barriers to accessing health care services. The study found that construction and agricultural workers were more likely to experience accidents at their workplace and health problems than other workers.


CONCLUSION
The findings suggest important messages for the migration policy makers in Nepal. There is a lack of adequate information for the migrants making them aware of their health risks and rights in relation to health services in the destination countries and we suggest that the government of Nepal should be responsible for providing this information. Employers should provide orientation on possible health risks and appropriate training for preventive measures and all necessary access to health care services to all their workers.
WWAN/LTE printed slot antenna for tablet computer application

A printed slot antenna comprising two quarterwavelength slots of different lengths and a half-wavelength slot for eight-band wireless wide area network/long term evolution operation in the tablet computer is presented. The two quarter-wavelength slots are open slots or monopole slots, and the half-wavelength slot is aligned inbetween the two quarter-wavelength slots. The three slots are excited using a two-strip feedline which is printed on the opposite surface of the printed slots. The proposed three-slot configuration can lead to two wide operating bands, with the lower one covering the 704–960 MHz band and the upper one covering the 1710–2690 MHz band. Good radiation efficiency for frequencies over the operating bands is obtained. The simulated body specific absorption rate values of the antenna in the bottom face, landscape and portrait orientations to the flat phantom in the body specific absorption rate testing model also meet the limit of 1.6 W/kg for 1-g tissue. Details of the results are presented. VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:44–49, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26509
A house undivided : domesticity and community in American literature

1. 'This great household upon the Earth' 2. 'To be great and domestic' 3. Azads in Concord 4. Hawthorne's marriages 5. Melville, Whitman, and the predicament of intimacy 6. Literary archaeology and The Portrait of a Lady 7. Emily Dickinson's adequate Eve Conclusion.
Natura Abhorret a Vacuo—use of fibrin glue as a filler and sealant in neurosurgical “dead spaces”. Technical note

The objective of this study is to report our experience and illustrate our technique in the use of fibrin glue in the treatment of post-operatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and collections following different neurosurgical procedures. In a 3-year period, 40 subjects underwent endoscopic endonasal approach for different sellar and skull base lesions (three tuberculum sellae meningiomas, six craniopharyngiomas, three Rathke’s cleft cysts and 28 pituitary macroadenomas), in which an intraoperative CSF leakage was evident. In such subjects, the fibrin glue was used as a first step of the final phase of the procedure—i.e. the reconstruction of the skull base defect—followed by the other materials employed. Furthermore, ten other patients, who had undergone transsphenoidal (four cases), spinal (two cases), posterior fossa (three cases) and transcortical intraventricular tumour removal (one case) neurosurgical procedures and developed CSF leaks or collections, were conservatively treated by single or repeated in situ injections of “modified” fibrin glue under local anaesthesia according to different described techniques. In total, 50 patients constitute the clinical material of the present study. In the cases where the fibrin glue was used during the reconstruction phase of the procedure (40 cases), the glue was injected inside the tumour cavity to fill the dead space left by the removal of the lesion. In case of post-operative CSF leak or CSF fluid collection (ten cases), after discarding 50–80% of the thrombin solution to obtain prevalence of the product’s adhesive properties, fibrin glue was injected directly in the path of the CSF leak or into the collection cavity after aspiration of the collection’s content. This was performed with the provided application system or through lumbar or Tuohy needles. Applications were repeated every 48 h until the disappearance of the leak. In all the treated cases, the disappearance of CSF leaks or collections was obtained with a number of applications ranging from one to five. Successful results are stable with a follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years. In our experience, the injection of fibrin glue has proved to be effective in filling or sealing post-operative “dead spaces” and treating minor or initial CSF leaks resulting from procedures of transsphenoidal, cranial and spinal surgery, adding another possibility in the management of many of these dreadful complications.
Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and impact on mortality of delays in initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy from initial onset of recurrent/persistent hypotension of septic shock.


DESIGN
A retrospective cohort study performed between July 1989 and June 2004.


SETTING
Fourteen intensive care units (four medical, four surgical, six mixed medical/surgical) and ten hospitals (four academic, six community) in Canada and the United States.


PATIENTS
Medical records of 2,731 adult patients with septic shock.


INTERVENTIONS
None.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The main outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. Among the 2,154 septic shock patients (78.9% total) who received effective antimicrobial therapy only after the onset of recurrent or persistent hypotension, a strong relationship between the delay in effective antimicrobial initiation and in-hospital mortality was noted (adjusted odds ratio 1.119 [per hour delay], 95% confidence interval 1.103-1.136, p<.0001). Administration of an antimicrobial effective for isolated or suspected pathogens within the first hour of documented hypotension was associated with a survival rate of 79.9%. Each hour of delay in antimicrobial administration over the ensuing 6 hrs was associated with an average decrease in survival of 7.6%. By the second hour after onset of persistent/recurrent hypotension, in-hospital mortality rate was significantly increased relative to receiving therapy within the first hour (odds ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.48). In multivariate analysis (including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and therapeutic variables), time to initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy was the single strongest predictor of outcome. Median time to effective antimicrobial therapy was 6 hrs (25-75th percentile, 2.0-15.0 hrs).


CONCLUSIONS
Effective antimicrobial administration within the first hour of documented hypotension was associated with increased survival to hospital discharge in adult patients with septic shock. Despite a progressive increase in mortality rate with increasing delays, only 50% of septic shock patients received effective antimicrobial therapy within 6 hrs of documented hypotension.
The Costs of Self-Driving Cars : Reconciling Freedom and Privacy with Tort Liability in Autonomous Vehicle Regulation

Nearly all of the literature on self-driving cars explores either their impact on social values, like freedom and privacy, or the questions they pose for legal liability. These lines of inquiry have developed largely in isolation, with little effort to examine how they might intersect and inform each other. This Article advances an integrated approach: regulators should consider freedom, privacy, and liability as interlocking pieces—not independent elements—of the puzzle of self-driving car regulation. Explorations into the laws of agency and product liability demonstrate that an actor’s post-sale control of and access to an autonomous vehicle may determine that actor’s liability for its accidents. As a result, the more that users want to preserve their freedom and privacy, the more liability they may end up retaining for the behavior of their self-driving cars. This Article then provides the first sustained inquiry into how different liability regimes for autonomous vehicles might generate sizable efficiencies in liability and insurance administration. The Article closes by making a normative appeal to regulators: only allow autonomous vehicles to infringe on user freedom and privacy to the extent that (1) reductions in freedom and privacy lead to equivalent reductions in liability for the users of self-driving cars; and (2) the social costs incurred by forfeiting these values will be outweighed by administrative efficiencies or other identifiable social benefits. By tying the reduction of user freedom and privacy to improvements in both individual and social welfare, this Article charts a possible course for regulators to reconcile freedom and privacy with tort liability in autonomous vehicle regulation.  J.D. Candidate, Yale Law School, Class of 2016. 1 Boeglin: The Costs of Self-Driving Cars: Reconciling Freedom and Privacy w Published by Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository, 2015 THE YALE JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY Vol. 17
Immediate impact of successful percutaneous mitral valve commissurotomy on right ventricular function.

AIMS
Mitral stenosis (MS) affects right ventricular (RV) function as a result of myocardial and haemodynamic factors. Although the long-term effects of mitral commissurotomy are well known, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate impact of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) on RV function in patients with MS.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twelve female patients (mean age 29 +/- 7 years) with isolated rheumatic MS, all in sinus rhythm, were studied before and 24-48 h after PTMC. Multiple parameters of global and longitudinal RV function were assessed by conventional and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography. Immediately following PTMC, mitral valve area increased from 0.91 +/- 0.29 cm(2) to 1.86 +/- 0.43 cm(2) (P < 0.0001) and RV outflow tract fractional shortening (RVOTfs) increased from 57 +/- 15% to 72 +/- 12% (P = 0.002). There was a significant decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure from 46.4 +/- 32.1 mmHg to 29.1 +/- 13.4 mmHg (P = 0.02), in the RV Tei index from 0.44 +/- 0.025 to 0.29 +/- 0.17 (P = 0.021), in myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA) at the lateral tricuspid annulus from 0.36 +/- 0.11 m/s(2) to 0.25 +/- 0.07 m/s(2) (P = 0.023), and in isovolumic contraction velocities at the lateral tricuspid annulus from 11.03 +/- 3.37 cm/s to 8.50 +/- 2.04 cm/s (P = 0.034). In contrast, tissue Doppler velocities at the septal tricuspid annulus remained unchanged. The RV Tei index correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure before but not after PTMC (r = 0.70, P = 0.01, and r = 0.270, P = 0.053).


CONCLUSION
Immediately after successful PTMC, significant decrease in RV contractility as assessed by IVA was observed whereas other parameters of infundibular and global RV function as assessed by RVOTfs and Tei index showed significant improvement. These discordant results may be related to the relative insensitivity of currently available echocardiography parameters of RV function that are not completely immune to loading conditions. Further work using larger numbers of patients is needed to confirm our findings and to assess their utility in patient follow-up and management.
A VHF active receiving loop antenna design

A VHF active receiving loop antenna has been designed and tested. The received signal strength is improved by integration of an amplification circuit to an electrically very small loop element. The high gain active loop antenna is applicable in a direction finding array system limited by a physical size constraint. For future work, the active circuitry and the passive loop element would be developed on a single, light weight substrate to achieve a light weight and compact design.
Comparative analysis of the patency of the internal thoracic artery in
the CABG of left anterior descending artery: 6-month postoperative coronary CT
angiography evaluation

OBJECTIVE
To assess the patency of the pedicled right internal thoracic artery with an anteroaortic course and compare it to the patency of the left internal thoracic artery , in anastomosis to the left anterior descending artery in coronary artery bypass grafting by using coronary CT angiography at 6 months postoperatively.


METHODS
Between December 2008 and December 2011, 100 patients were selected to undergo a prospective coronary artery bypass grafting procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were randomly divided by a computer-generated list into Group-1 (G-1) and Group-2 (G-2), comprising 50 patients each, the technique used was known at the beginning of the surgery. In G-1, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed using the left internal thoracic artery for the left anterior descending and the free right internal thoracic artery for the circumflex, and in G-2, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed using the right internal thoracic artery pedicled to the left anterior descending and the left internal thoracic artery pedicled to the circumflex territory.


RESULTS
The groups were similar with regard to the preoperative clinical data. A male predominance of 75.6% and 88% was observed in G-1 and G-2, respectively. Five patients migrated from G-1 to G-2 because of atheromatous disease in the ascending aorta. The average number of distal anastomoses was 3.48 (SD=0.72) in G-1 and 3.20 (SD=0.76) in G-2. Coronary CT angiography in 96 re-evaluated patients showed that all ITAs, right or left, used in situ for the left anterior descending were patent. There were no deaths in either group.


CONCLUSION
Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery involving anastomosis of the anteroaortic right internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery has an outcome similar to that obtained using the left internal thoracic artery for the same coronary site.
Chemistry Within Molecular Clusters

Abstract : A review of our gas phase cluster work with potential application to the generation of new materials (i.e, cluster assembled thin films).
Hyperkähler embeddings and holomorphic symplectic geometry

Hyperkähler embeddings and holomorphic symplectic geometry I. 0. Introduction. In this paper we are studying complex analytic subvarieties of a given Kähler manifold which is endowed with a holomorphic symplectic structure. By Calabi-Yau theorem, the holomorphically symplectic Kähler mani-folds can be supplied with a Ricci-flat Riemannian metric. This implies that such manifolds are hyperkähler (Definition 1.1). Conversely, all hyperkähler manifolds are holomorphically symplectic (Proposition 2.1). For a given closed analytic subvariety S of a holomorphically symplectic M , one can restrict the holomorphic symplectic form of M to the Zarisky tangent sheaf to S. If this restriction is non-degenerate outside of singular-ities of S, this subvariety is called non-degenerately symplectic. (Definition 2.2). Of course, such subvarieties are of even complex dimension. Take a generic element N in a given deformation class of a holomorphi-cally symplectic Kähler manifolds. We are proving that all complex analytic subvarieties of N are non-degenerately symplectic (Theorem 2.3). In particular , all closed analytic subvarieties of N are of even complex dimension. If such subvariety is smooth, it is also a hyperkaehler manifold (Proposition 2.1). Contents. 1. Hyperkähler manifolds. 2. Holomorphic symplectic geometry. 3. The action of so(5) on the differential forms over a hyperkähler manifold.