LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Sequential fraud detection for prepaid cards using hidden Markov model divergence

Stored-value cards, or prepaid cards, are increasingly popular. Like credit cards, their use is vulnerable to fraud, costing merchants and card processors millions of dollars. Prior techniques to automate fraud detection rely on a priori rules or specialized learned models associated with the customer. Mostly, these techniques do not consider fraud sequences or changing behavior, which can lead to false alarms. This study demonstrates how a transaction model can be dynamically created and updated, and fraud can be automatically detected for prepaid cards. A card processing company creates models of the store terminals rather than the customers, in part, because of the anonymous nature of prepaid cards. The technique automatically creates, updates, and compares hidden Markov models (HMM) of merchant terminals. We present fraud detection and experiments on real transactional data, showing the efficiency and effectiveness of the approach. In the fraud test cases, derived from known fraud cases, the technique has a good F-score. The technique can detect fraud in real-time for merchants, as card transactions are processed by a modern transaction processing system. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
An electrodynamic sensor for electrostatic charge measurement

Electrodynamic sensors are used in the process industry because they are low cost and robust. Though frequently used very little fundamental work on them has been reported. This paper describes an investigation into characteristics of hemispherically and rectangularly shaped sensors. Two parameters are investigated, the effect of sensor area on sensitivity and the spatial filtering effect of the sensor due to its finite size. Models are proposed and results obtained using them compared with experimental values.
Hemodynamic impact of isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyperbaric bupivacaine for subarachnoid anesthesia in patients aged 65 and older undergoing hip surgery

BACKGROUND
The altered hemodynamics, and therefore the arterial hypotension is the most prevalent adverse effect after subarachnoid anesthesia. The objective of the study was to determine the exact role of local anesthetic selection underlying spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in the elderly patient. We conducted a descriptive, observational pilot study to assess the hemodynamic impact of subarachnoid anesthesia with isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyperbaric bupivacaine for hip fracture surgery.


DESCRIPTION
Hundred twenty ASA status I-IV patients aged 65 and older undergoing hip fracture surgery were enrolled. The primary objective of our study was to compare hemodynamic effects based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) values, heart rate (HR) and hemoglobin (Hb) and respiratory effects based on partial oxygen saturation (SpO2%) values. The secondary objective was to assess potential adverse events with the use of levobupivacaine versus bupivacaine. Assessments were performed preoperatively, at 30 minutes into surgery, at the end of anesthesia and at 48 hours and 6 months after surgery. Among intraoperative events, the incidence of hypotension was statistically significantly higher (p <0.05) in group BUPI (38.3%) compared to group LEVO (13.3%). There was a decrease (p <0.05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 30 minutes intraoperatively (19% in group BUPI versus 17% in group LEVO). SpO2% increased at 30 minutes after anesthesia onset (1% in group BUPI versus 1.5% in group LEVO). Heart rate (HR) decreased at 30 minutes after anesthesia onset (5% in group BUPI versus 9% in group L). Hemoglobin (Hb) decreased from time of operating room (OR) admission to the end of anesthesia (9.3% in group BUPI versus 12.5% in group LEVO). The incidence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was 13.3% in group BUPI versus 31.7% in group LEVO, this difference was statistically significant. Among postoperative events, the incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) was significantly higher in group BUPI (8,3%). At 6 months after anesthesia, no differences were found.


CONCLUSIONS
Given the hemodynamic stability and lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension observed, levobupivacaine could be the agent of choice for subarachnoid anesthesia in elderly patients.
A coupled volume-of-fluid and level set ( VOSET ) method for computing incompressible two-phase flows

A coupled volume-of-fluid and level set (VOSET) method, which combines the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of VOF and LS methods, is presented for computing incompressible two-phase flows. In this method VOF method is used to capture interfaces, which can conserve the mass and overcome the disadvantage of nonconservation of mass in LS method. An iterative geometric operation proposed by author is used to calculate the level set function / near interfaces, which can be applied to compute the accurate curvature j and smooth the discontinuous physical quantities near interfaces. By using the level set function / the disadvantages of VOF method, inaccuracy of curvature and bad smoothness of discontinuous physical quantities near interfaces, can be overcome. Finally the computing results made with VOSET method are compared with those made with VOF and LS methods. 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A randomized trial of the efficacy and tolerability of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib vs ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis. Rofecoxib/Ibuprofen Comparator Study Group.

BACKGROUND
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is not known whether a specific inhibitor of COX-2 will provide efficacy in osteoarthritis (OA) comparable with NSAIDs. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of the rofecoxib, which specifically inhibits COX-2, with those of the NSAID ibuprofen in patients with OA.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of rofecoxib (12.5 and 25 mg once daily) with ibuprofen (800 mg 3 times daily).


METHODS
A randomized, double-blind trial of 809 adults with OA was conducted. Patients with OA in whom the knee or hip was the primary source of pain were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups on demonstration of disease activity: placebo; rofecoxib, 12.5 or 25 mg once daily; or ibuprofen, 800 mg 3 times daily. Clinical efficacy and safety were monitored during a 6-week treatment period.


RESULTS
Both doses of rofecoxib demonstrated efficacy clinically comparable with ibuprofen as assessed by 3 primary end points (pain walking on a flat surface [Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index], patient global assessment of response to therapy, and investigator global assessment of disease status) according to predefined comparability criteria. Both rofecoxib doses and the ibuprofen dose provided significantly (P<.001) greater efficacy than placebo on all primary end points. Results from secondary end points were consistent with those of the primary end points. All treatments were well tolerated; the overall incidence rates of clinical adverse experiences were not significantly different (P>.05) among the treatment groups.


CONCLUSION
Rofecoxib was well tolerated and provided clinical efficacy comparable with a high dose of the NSAID ibuprofen.
Design and implementation of SOAP-based residential management for smart home systems

This paper presents the design and implementation of SOAP-based residential management for smart home system's appliances control. An appliance control module based on SOAP and Web Services developed to solve the interoperation of various home appliances in smart home systems. 15 feedback based control channels implemented with residential management system through Web Services. If the residential management system experiences server downtime, the home appliances can still be controlled using alternate control mechanism with GSM network via SMS Module locally and remotely. This system offers a complete, bi-directional real-time control and monitoring of smart home systems.
Visualization of graphs and trees for software analysis

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Variational Deep Q Network

We propose a framework that directly tackles the probability distribution of the value function parameters in Deep Q Network (DQN), with powerful variational inference subroutines to approximate the posterior of the parameters. We will establish the equivalence between our proposed surrogate objective and variational inference loss. Our new algorithm achieves efficient exploration and performs well on large scale chain Markov Decision Process (MDP).
Age diversity , age discrimination climate and performance consequences — a cross organizational study

This paper deals with the emergence of perceived age discrimination climate on the company level and its performance consequences. In this new approach to the field of diversity research, we investigated (a) the effect of organizational level age diversity on collective perceptions of age discrimination climate that (b) in turn should influence the collective affective commit ment of employees, which is (c) an important trigger for overall company performance. In a large scale study that included 128 companies, a total of 8,651 employees provided data on their perceptions of age discrimination and affective commitment on the company level. Information on firm level performance was collected from key informants. We tested the proposed model using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures and, overall, found support for all hypothesized relationships. The findings demonstrated that age diversity seems to be related to the emergence of an age discrimination climate in companies, which negatively impacts overall firm performance through the mediation of affective commitment. These results make valuable contributions to the diversity and discrimination literature by establish ing perceived age discrimination on the company level as a decisive mediator in the age diversity/performance link. The results also suggest important practical implications for the effective management of an increasingly age diverse workforce. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E-book utilization among mathematics students of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Purpose – The purpose of this preliminary study is to identify the e-book utilization habit of postgraduate and undergraduate students from the Mathematics Department of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), and to determine the reasons why students are feeling comfortable or uncomfortable with the e-book services offered by the library and the role the librarians can play in solving the identified obstacles. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach which employs a face-to-face interview session was used to collect information on e-book utilization habit and to capture perception of the e-book services offered by UPM library. Findings – This research found that most of the participants use one common e-book reading habit. Factors such as easy access reduce physical visits to the library and user-friendly features offer a comfortable platform for the participant to use the mathematics e-books. However, unreliable service, eye fatigue, lack of manipulability of online features and flaws in the physical design and insufficient e-book collection cause the participants to feel uncomfortable with the service. Moreover, the role of librarians, publishers and interface designers is perceived to be an important remedy for all the inconvenience incurred. Research limitations/implications – Only 70 participants participated in this preliminary study. Furthermore, e-books from a single publisher (SIAM) were used to collect data from the participants. Hence, the size of the population surveyed and usage of a single mathematics e-book publisher placed certain limitations on the level of detail in which the data collected could be analysed and
Nanostructured high valence silver oxide produced by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Among silver oxides, Ag 4 O 4 , i.e. high valence Ag(I)Ag(III) oxide, is interesting for applications in high energy batteries and for the development of antimicrobial coatings. We here show that ns UV pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an oxygen containing atmosphere allows the synthesis of pure Ag 4 O 4 nanocrystalline thin films, permitting at the same time to control the morphology of the material at the sub-micrometer scale. Ag 4 O 4 films with a crystalline domain size of the order of tens of nm can be deposited provided the deposition pressure is above a threshold (roughly 4 Pa pure O 2 or 20 Pa synthetic air). The formation of this particular high valence silver oxide is explained in terms of the reactions occurring during the expansion of the ablated species in the reactive atmosphere. In particular, expansion of the PLD plasma plume is accompanied by formation of low stability Ag–O dimers and atomic oxygen, providing reactive species at the substrate where the film grows. Evidence of reactive collisions in the expanding ablation plume is obtained by analysis of the plume visible shape in inert and reactive atmospheres. In addition, we show how the dimensionless deposition parameter L , relating the target-to-substrate distance to the ablation plume maximum expansion length, can be used to classify different growth regimes. It is thus possible to vary the stoichiometry and the morphology of the films, from compact and columnar to foam-like, by controlling both the gas pressure and the target-to-substrate distance.
Effective field theory for nuclear physics

I summarize the motivation for the effective field theory approach to nuclear physics, and highlight some of its recent accomplishments. The results are compared with those computed in potential models.
Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath.

OBJECTIVES
Timely detection of gastric cancer (GC) and the related precancerous lesions could provide a tool for decreasing both cancer mortality and incidence.


DESIGN
968 breath samples were collected from 484 patients (including 99 with GC) for two different analyses. The first sample was analysed by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GCMS) while applying t test with multiple corrections (p value<0.017); the second by cross-reactive nanoarrays combined with pattern recognition. For the latter, 70% of the samples were randomly selected and used in the training set while the remaining 30% constituted the validation set. The operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) assessment staging system was used to stratify the presence/absence and risk level of precancerous lesions. Patients with OLGIM stages III-IV were considered to be at high risk.


RESULTS
According to the GCMS results, patients with cancer as well as those at high risk had distinctive breath-print compositions. Eight significant volatile organic compounds (p value<0.017) were detected in exhaled breath in the different comparisons. The nanoarray analysis made it possible to discriminate between the patients with GC and the control group (OLGIM 0-IV) with 73% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 92% accuracy. The classification sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between the subgroups was as follows: GC versus OLGIM 0-II-97%, 84% and 87%; GC versus OLGIM III-IV-93%, 80% and 90%; but OLGIM I-II versus OLGIM III-IV and dysplasia combined-83%, 60% and 61%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Nanoarray analysis could provide the missing non-invasive screening tool for GC and related precancerous lesions as well as for surveillance of the latter.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT01420588 (3/11/2013).
Personality trait inferences about organizations: development of a measure and assessment of construct validity.

The authors conducted 4 studies to construct a multidimensional measure of perceptions of organization personality. Results of the first 2 studies suggest that (a) 5 broad factors are sufficient to capture the structure of organization personality perceptions, (b) real-world organizations differ on personality profiles, and (c) personality trait inferences are related to organizational attraction. Results of a 3rd study suggest that personality trait inferences assessed in 1 sample are related lo ratings of organizational attractiveness by a 2nd sample. Finally, results of a 4th study suggest that the measure is sensitive to experimental manipulations of organizational descriptions. Implications and suggestions for the use of this measure in future research are discussed.
Development of neuromotor prostheses for humans.

a Department of Neuroscience, Brown Medical School and The Brain Science Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (USA) b Division of Engineering, Brown Medical School and The Brain Science Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (USA) c Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brown Medical School and The Brain Science Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (USA) d Department of Computer Science, Brown Medical School and The Brain Science Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (USA)
Informed shared decision making about immunotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (ISDIMS): a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of an evidence-based patient decision aid (DA) on multiple sclerosis (MS) immunotherapy.


METHODS
Two hundred and ninety-seven MS patients who were considering or reconsidering immunotherapy participated in a randomized community-based controlled trial in Germany. An intervention group (IG) received the DA and a control group (CG) received standard information. Primary outcome measure was the match between the patient's preferred and actual roles during consultation with the physician. Secondary end-point was treatment choice. The course of the decision-making process and patients; evaluation of the decision were also evaluated. Data were collected at baseline, after receiving the information, after consultation with the physician and 6 months after baseline.


RESULTS
The percentage of preference matches did not differ between groups (IG 49%, CG 51%, P = 0.71). There were no differences in immunotherapy choices between groups. IG patients temporarily became more critical of immunotherapy and rated the information as significantly more helpful.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the intervention led to intensified processing of the information it affected neither the roles adopted in physician-patient encounters nor the immunotherapy choices made. Providing patients with balanced information may not be sufficient to alter the decision-making process.
What is an injury?

Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family. Without their support and love, I would not be where I am and the person I am today. I can never repay my mom for her unwavering belief that I can do whatever I set my mind to, even when I don't think I can. It doesn't even bother me too much to let her know that she " told me so. " Both of my parents have always encouraged me to figure out what I want out of life and to go get it. Thank you to my friends who put up with my frequent freak-outs during the anthrax ordeal (which pretty much put me into a holding pattern for two months while all of America threw out mail – including dissertation study packets – from people they didn't know.) Thanks to my internship supervisors – Dr. Parks, Dr. Boldt, and Dr. Allen – for their understanding and for allowing me to spend spare time working on this dissertation! Finally, this is dedicated to James. How did I luck out and marry the only person I know who would go to the post office to get stamps on an almost weekly basis or run to campus (without complaining!) for a year? In the midst of all my anxiety and self-doubt, I could always rest assured that you would be there for me whether I needed more envelopes from the store, help adding up columns of data, or reassurance that this too would pass. Your reservoir of patience with me and your sense of humor never fail to amaze me. Thank you for… everything. v Acknowledgements The study upon which this dissertation is based could not have been completed without the support and access granted by Carol Bales and Brackenridge Hospital of Austin, Texas. Specifically, without the friendly help of Jennifer Bray, my life would have been much more difficult, to say the least. I would like to thank her for putting up with my intrusion into her workspace every two weeks for almost ten months. for helping me through those times when I got overwhelmed by re-focusing me on what needed to get done at each step of the way. I am especially grateful to her for reminding me that I should " stop trying to eat the whole pie at once. " Thanks to my committee: Barbara Dodd, Ph.D., for …
The telehealth satisfaction scale: reliability, validity, and satisfaction with telehealth in a rural memory clinic population.

INTRODUCTION
Patient satisfaction is a key aspect of quality of care and can inform continuous quality improvement. Of the few studies that have reported on patient satisfaction with telehealth in programs aimed at individuals with memory problems, none has reported on the psychometric properties of the user satisfaction scales used.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Telehealth Satisfaction Scale (TeSS), a 10-item scale adapted for use in a rural and remote memory clinic (RRMC). The RRMC is a one-stop interprofessional clinic for rural and remote seniors with suspected dementia, located in a tertiary-care hospital. Telehealth videoconferencing is used for preclinic assessment and for follow-up. Patients and caregivers completed the TeSS after each telehealth appointment. With data from 223 patients, exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the principal components analysis extraction method.


RESULTS
The eigenvalue for the first factor (5.2) was greater than 1 and much larger than the second eigenvalue (0.92), supporting a one-factor solution that was confirmed by the scree plot. The total variance explained by factor 1 was 52.1%. Factor loadings (range, 0.54-0.84) were above recommended cutoffs. The TeSS items demonstrated high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.90). Satisfaction scores on the TeSS items ranged from 3.43 to 3.72 on a 4-point Likert scale, indicating high satisfaction with telehealth.


CONCLUSIONS
The study findings demonstrate high user satisfaction with telehealth in a rural memory clinic and the sound psychometric properties of the TeSS in this population.