LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of social isolation on anxiety-related behaviors, cortisol, and monoamines in adult zebrafish.

Social isolation can be used to study behavioral, neural, and hormonal mechanisms that regulate interactions in social animals. Although isolation effects have been reported in social mammals and various fish species, systematic studies with isolated zebrafish are rare. Here, the authors examined behavior (social and nonsocial), physiological stress (whole-body cortisol levels), and neurochemicals (serotonin, dopamine, and their metabolites), following acute and chronic social isolation in adult zebrafish. To observe how isolated fish respond behaviorally to social stimuli, they exposed zebrafish to live conspecifics or animated images after acute (24 hr) or chronic (6 months) social isolation. The authors observed that isolation did not affect locomotor activity, but acute isolation had weak nonsignificant anxiogenic effects in adult zebrafish. They also found that all isolated fish responded to both live and animated social stimuli, and the stress hormone, cortisol was lower in chronically isolated fish. Finally, neurochemical analyses showed that serotonin levels increased when fish were exposed to social stimulus after acute isolation, but its metabolite 5HIAA decreased in response to social stimulus following both acute and chronic isolation. Levels of both dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC were also reduced in fish exposed to social stimulus after acute and chronic isolation. Overall, these results show that isolation in zebrafish is an effective tool to study fundamental mechanisms controlling social interaction at behavioral and physiological levels. (PsycINFO Database Record
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing lightweight and heavyweight mesh for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair

Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair is associated with a low incidence of recurrence; however, the use of heavyweight mesh has been linked with chronic pain and foreign body sensation. It is hypothesized that the use of lightweight mesh may reduce these problems. This study aims to use meta-analysis to compare lightweight and heavyweight mesh for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. Information was gathered from randomized controlled trials that compared lightweight and heavyweight mesh for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. The Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, trial registries, conference proceedings and reference lists were searched. Primary outcome measures were chronic pain, foreign body sensation and hernia recurrence. Secondary outcome measures were duration of surgery, mean visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, surgical-site infection, testicular atrophy and haematoma/seroma. The pooled Peto odds ratio (OR) was calculated for categorical data and weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous data. Six trials with 1936 hernias were included. Lightweight mesh was associated with reduced chronic pain (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50–0.90; p < 0.01) and foreign body sensation (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21–0.93; p < 0.05). Lightweight mesh was also associated with lower VAS pain scores at 3 months after surgery (WMD = −0.35, 95% CI = −0.39 to −0.31; p < 0.0001). There were no differences in hernia recurrence (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.54–2.64; p = 0.66) or other post-operative complications between the two groups. The use of lightweight mesh in Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair is associated with less chronic pain, and foreign body sensation compared with heavyweight mesh without any difference in recurrence.
A Short-term Intervention for Long-term Fairness in the Labor Market

The persistence of racial inequality in the U.S. labor market against a general backdrop of formal equality of opportunity is a troubling phenomenon that has significant ramifications on the design of hiring policies. In this paper, we show that current group disparate outcomes may be immovable even when hiring decisions are bound by an input-output notion of “individual fairness.” Instead, we construct a dynamic reputational model of the labor market that illustrates the reinforcing nature of asymmetric outcomes resulting from groups’ divergent accesses to resources and as a result, investment choices. To address these disparities, we adopt a dual labor market composed of a Temporary Labor Market (TLM), in which firms’ hiring strategies are constrained to ensure statistical parity of workers granted entry into the pipeline, and a Permanent Labor Market (PLM), in which firms hire top performers as desired. Individual worker reputations produce externalities for their group; the corresponding feedback loop raises the collective reputation of the initially disadvantaged group via a TLM fairness intervention that need not be permanent. We show that such a restriction on hiring practices induces an equilibrium that, under particular market conditions, Pareto-dominates those arising from strategies that statistically discriminate or employ a “group-blind” criterion. The enduring nature of equilibria that are both inequitable and Pareto suboptimal suggests that fairness interventions beyond procedural checks of hiring decisions will be of critical importance in a world where machines play a greater role in the employment process. ACM Reference Format: Lily Hu and Yiling Chen. 2018. A Short-term Intervention for Long-term Fairness in the Labor Market. In WWW 2018: The 2018 Web Conference, April 23–27, 2018, Lyon, France. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https: //doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186044
On Subversive Miner Strategies and Block Withholding Attack in Bitcoin Digital Currency

Bitcoin is a “crypto currency”, a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on cryptography. Bitcoin economy grows at an incredibly fast rate and is now worth some 10 billions of dollars. Bitcoin mining is an activity which consists of creating (minting) the new coins which are later put into circulation. Miners spend electricity on solving cryptographic puzzles and they are also gatekeepers which validate bitcoin transactions of other people. Miners are expected to be honest and have some incentives to behave well. However. In this paper we look at the miner strategies with particular attention paid to subversive and dishonest strategies or those which could put bitcoin and its reputation in danger. We study in details several recent attacks in which dishonest miners obtain a higher reward than their relative contribution to the network. In particular we revisit the concept of block withholding attacks and propose a new concrete and practical block withholding attack which we show to maximize the advantage gained by rogue miners. RECENT EVENTS: It seems that our attack was executed in practice against Eligius mining pool, see Section XI-A.
Reconstruction of Defects After Fournier Gangrene: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
Reconstruction of scrotal defects after Fournier gangrene is often achieved with skin grafts or flaps, but there is no general consensus on the best method of reconstruction or how to approach the exposed testicle. We systematically reviewed the literature addressing methods of reconstruction of Fournier defects after debridement.


METHODS
PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from 1950 to 2013. Inclusion criteria were reconstruction for Fournier defects, patients 18 to 90 years old, and reconstructive complication rates reported as whole numbers or percentages. Exclusion criteria were studies focused on methods of debridement or other phases of care rather than reconstruction, studies with fewer than 5 male patients with Fournier defects, literature reviews, and articles not in English.


RESULTS
The initial search yielded 982 studies, which was refined to 16 studies with a total pool of 425 patients. There were 25 (5.9%) patients with defects that healed by secondary intention, 44 (10.4%) with delayed primary closure, 36 (8.5%) with implantation of the testicle in a medial thigh pocket, 6 (1.4%) with loose wound approximation, 96 (22.6%) with skin grafts, 68 (16.0%) with scrotal advancement flaps, 128 (30.1%) with flaps, and 22 (5.2%) with flaps or skin grafts in combination with tissue adhesives. Four outcomes were evaluated: number of patients, defect size, method of reconstruction, and wound-healing complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Most reconstructive techniques provide reliable coverage and protection of testicular function with an acceptable cosmetic result. There is no conclusive evidence to support flap coverage of exposed testes rather than skin graft. A reconstructive algorithm is proposed. Skin grafting or flap reconstruction is recommended for defects larger than 50% of the scrotum or extending beyond the scrotum, whereas scrotal advancement flap reconstruction or healing by secondary intention is best for defects confined to less than 50% of the scrotum that cannot be closed primarily without tension.
GRAPH COLOURING PROBLEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN SCHEDULING

Graph colouring and its generalizations are useful tools in modelling a wide variety of scheduling and assignment problems. In this paper we review several variants of graph colouring, such as precolouring extension, list colouring, multicolouring, minimum sum colouring, and discuss their applications in scheduling.
Linking multimedia presentations with their symbolic source documents: algorithm and applications

An algorithm is presented that automatically matches images of presentation slides to the symbolic source file (e.g., PowerPoint™ or Acrobat™) from which they were generated. The images are captured either by tapping the video output from a laptop connected to a projector or by taking a picture of what's displayed on the screen in a conference room. The matching algorithm extracts features from the image data, including OCR output, edges, projection profiles, and layout and determines the symbolic file that contains the most similar collection of features. This algorithm enables several unique applications for enhancing a meeting in real-time and accessing the audio and video that were recorded while a presentation was being given. These applications include the simultaneous translation of presentation slides during a meeting, linking video clips inside a PowerPoint file that show how each slide was described by the presenter, and retrieving presentation recordings using digital camera images as queries.
Comparative Study on Performance of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in GCC region

Islamic banking is considered as alternative to conventional banking. It focuses on profit/loss and risk sharing, than interest based deposit/lending followed in conventional banking. Conventional Banking cherishes a long history while Islamic banking gained importance in last few decades. The study review and compare performance of conventional banks and Islamic banks operating in GCC region during 2005-10. The study investigates the presence, if any, of similarity in growth of chosen performance indicators of Conventional Banks and Islamic Banks in GCC region. The study selected six Islamic banks and six conventional banks. A comparative study is undertaken based performance indicators such as OER, NPR, ROA, ROE, EOA, operating expense, profit, assets, operating income, deposits and total equity. Inferences based on analysis revealed better performance of Islamic banking during the study period. Our analysis revealed that Islamic banks are more equity financed than conventional banks. ANOVA showed the 1 Department of Business Studies, Ibra College of Technology, Ibra, Sultanate of Oman, e-mail: siraj@hotmail.co.in 2 School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-Kerala Article Info: Received : March 5, 2012. Revised : April 26, 2012 Published online : June 15, 2012 124 Comparative Study on Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks presence of significant relationship in movement of selected financial indicators. Conventional banks registered growth in revenue during the period, but could not achieve improved profitability on account of higher provisions towards credit losses and impairment losses. The performance indicators were affected by financial crises as may be noted from the recessionary trends since 2007. JEL classification numbers: G01, G20, G21
Practical strategies for management of fatigue and sleep disorders in people with brain tumors.

I t is well known that symptoms seldom occur in isolation and that most patients with a solid tumor malignancy report multiple concurrent symptoms. Fatigue and alterations in sleep are 2 of the most common symptoms reported in patients with solid tumors, and research describing these symptoms has indicated that they may form a cluster or complex. These symptom clusters are theorized to have shared biologic pathways, and it is postulated that interventions could be developed to target multiple symptoms by targeting the underlying biologic mechanisms. Although cancer-related fatigue and cancer-related sleep disturbances are distinct concepts, the majority of studies in patients with cancer that have assessed both sleep and fatigue support a strong correlation between fatigue and various sleep disorders, including poor sleep quality, disrupted initiation and maintenance of sleep, nighttime awakening, restless sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The significance of the relationship between fatigue and altered sleep is supported by several reports that concluded that insomnia disorders “added additional risk for experiencing intense and persistent fatigue after cancer treatment (p. 895).” The underlying biologic mechanisms of both fatigue and sleep in specific populations are still being interrogated and will assuredly influence treatment. Current management of both symptoms requires a multi-modal approach, including evaluation of comorbid conditions and concomitant medications, current behavioral habits and activities, and physical/psychological stressors. Interventions may include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches for an individualized approach to care. This review will provide a general overview of both fatigue and sleep in patients with primary brain tumors, focusing on current strategies for assessment and management.
Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub.

BACKGROUND
Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection.


METHODS
Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air.


RESULTS
Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1-2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants.


CONCLUSION
Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1-2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels.
Accident Detection and Smart Rescue System using Android Smartphone with Real-Time Location Tracking

A large number of deaths are caused by Traffic accidents worldwide. The global crisis of road safety can be seen by observing the significant number of deaths and injuries that are caused by road traffic accidents. In many situations the family members or emergency services are not informed in time. This results in delayed emergency service response time, which can lead to an individual’s death or cause severe injury. The purpose of this work is to reduce the response time of emergency services in situations like traffic accidents or other emergencies such as fire, theft/robberies and medical emergencies. By utilizing onboard sensors of a smartphone to detect vehicular accidents and report it to the nearest emergency responder available and provide real time location tracking for responders and emergency victims, will drastically increase the chances of survival for emergency victims, and also help save emergency services time and resources. Keywords—Traffic accidents; accident detection; on-board sensor; accelerometer; android smartphones; real-time tracking; emergency services; emergency responder; emergency victim; SOSafe; SOSafe Go; firebase
Factors Contributing To Students' Poor Performance in Mathematics at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Kenya: A Case of Baringo County, Kenya

Performance in Mathematics by students has persistently been poor. This study sought to investigate the factors contributing to the poor performance and to establish the strategies that can be adopted to improve performance in Mathematics by students in secondary schools in Baringo County in Kenya. The study to determine the school based factors that affect students’ performance in Mathematics in secondary schools, socio-cultural factors that affect them and their personal factors that affect performance in Mathematics, and established the strategies that can be adopted to improve performance in Mathematics. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population was 1876 respondents which comprised of Form Three secondary school students in Koibatek District, 132 Mathematics teachers and 9 head teachers. The data for the research was collected by use of three questionnaires; student, teachers and head teachers questionnaires. Factors contributing to poor performance include under staffing, inadequate teaching/ learning materials, lack of motivation and poor attitudes by both teachers and students, retrogressive practices. Improving on these factors and sensitization of the local community to discard practices which prohibit student’s effective participation in learning mathematics could improve performance in Mathematics. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will give curriculum developers new insights into emerging issues on performance and influence the Ministry of Education on policy formulation. Students are also expected to benefit from the findings; because improved mathematics performance will give them opportunities to pursue science related courses in higher institutions of learning and middle level colleges. Key Terms: Factors, Mathematics, Performance, Poor
Complexity - A Guided Tour

Find loads of the complexity a guided tour melanie mitchell book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page. You can also join to the website book library that will show you numerous books from any types. Literature, science, politics, and many more catalogues are presented to offer you the best book to find. The book that really makes you feels satisfied. Or that's the book that will save you from your job deadline.
ROVER CHASSIS EVALUATION TOOLS

A set of tools is being prepared in the frame of ESA activity [18191/04/NL] labelled: "Mars Rover Chassis Evaluation Tools" to support design, selection and optimisation of space exploration rovers in Europe. This activity is carried out jointly by Contraves Space as prime contractor, EPFL, DLR, Surrey Space Centre and EADS Space Transportation. This paper describes the current results of this study and its intended used for selection, design and optimisation on different wheeled vehicles. These tools would also allow future developments for a more efficient motion control on rover. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION A set of tools is being developed to support the design of planetary rovers in Europe. The RCET will enable accurate predictions and characterisations of rover performances as related to the locomotion subsystem. This infrastructure consists of both S/W and H/W elements that will be interwoven to result in a user-friendly environment. The actual need for mobility increased in terms of range and duration. In this respect, redesigning specific aspects of the past rover concepts, in particular the development of most suitable all terrain performances is appropriate [9]. Analysis and design methodologies for terrestrial surface vehicles to operate on unprepared surfaces have been successfully applied to planet rover developments for the first time during the Apollo LRV manned lunar rover programme of the late 1960’s and early 1970’s [1,2]. Key to this accomplishment and to rational surface vehicle designs in general are quantitative descriptions of the terrain and of the interaction between the terrain and the vehicle. Not only the wheel/ground interaction is essential for efficient locomotion, but also the rover kinematics concepts. In recent terrestrial off-the-road vehicle development and acquisition, especially in the military, the so-called ‘Virtual Proving Ground’ (VPG) Simulation Technology has become essential. The integrated environments previously available to design engineers involved sophisticated hardware and software and cost hundreds of thousands of Euros. The experimentation and operational costs associated with the use of such instruments were even more alarming. The promise of VPG is to lower the risk and cost in vehicle definition and design by allowing early concept characterisation and trade-off’s based on numerical models without having to rely on prototyping for concept assessment. A similar approach is proposed for future European planetary rover programmes and is to be enabled by RCET. The first part of this paper describes the methodology used in the RCET activity and gives an overview of the different tools under development. The next section details the theory and modules used for the simulation. Finally the last section relates the first results, the future work and concludes this paper. In Proceedings of the 8th ESA Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation 'ASTRA 2004' ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, November 2 4, 2004
Very-low-speed variable-structure control of sensorless induction machine drives without signal injection

A sensorless induction machine drive is presented, in which the principles of variable-structure control and direct torque control (DTC) are combined to ensure high-performance operation in the steady state and under transient conditions. The drive employs a new torque and flux controller, the "linear and variable-structure control", which realizes accurate and robust control in a wide speed range. Conventional DTC transient merits are preserved, while the steady-state behavior is significantly improved. The full-order state observer is a sliding-mode one, which does not require the rotor speed adaptation and provides accurate state estimation in the entire speed range. The proposed scheme is a complete variable-structure solution that allows persistent sensorless operation of the drive at very low speeds, including zero and 3 r/min, with full load. Simulations and extensive experimental results confirm the robustness, accuracy, quickness, and low-chattering operation of the drive.