LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Context in our pockets : Mobile phones and social networking as tools of contextualising language learning

The analysis of current EFL (English as a Foreign Language) education and literature indicates that most EFL practices can be characterised as traditional language learning settings in which teachers direct the learning process, and students are then assumed as passive receptors of knowledge. Furthermore, EFL learning has also been criticised as an in-class-only learning practice due to the rare opportunities an EFL learner is expected to encounter outside the boundaries of the classroom. These limitations of EFL learning could be addressed through more student-centred, meaningful, and contextualised language learning that extends beyond the boundaries of the classroom. Mobile technology and social networking have the potential to establish learning practices that are not only based on learners‟ needs and experiences, but they can also involve learners in the overall learning process that sometimes goes beyond the classroom. In addition, much of the literature on mobile learning emphasises the effectiveness of mobile technology in creating contextually meaningful and authentic learning opportunities. A DBR (Design-Based Research) study was conducted with 33 EFL university students over a 16-week semester. Students experienced a contextual learning experience using Facebook via their mobile phones. The paper concludes that mobile social networking media, e.g., Facebook, provide rich learner-generated and contextual out-of-class language learning opportunities that exploit the norms of the learning context. Moreover, mobile Facebook provided students with reality-based learning experiences that utilised their own knowledge and personal values about their context.
Client-side cross-site scripting protection

Web applications are becoming the dominant way to provide access to online services. At the same time, web application vulnerabilities are being discovered and disclosed at an alarming rate. Web applications often make use of JavaScript code that is embedded into web pages to support dynamic client-side behavior. This script code is executed in the context of the user’s web browser. To protect the user’s environment from malicious JavaScript code, browsers use a sand-boxing mechanism that limits a script to access only resources associated with its origin site. Unfortunately, these security mechanisms fail if a user can be lured into downloading malicious JavaScript code from an intermediate, trusted site. In this case, the malicious script is granted full access to all resources (e.g., authentication tokens and cookies) that belong to the trusted site. Such attacks are called cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. In general, XSS attacks are easy to execute, but difficult to detect and prevent. One reason is the high flexibility of HTML encoding schemes, offering the attacker many possibilities for circumventing server-side input filters that should prevent malicious scripts from being injected into trusted sites. Also, devising a client-side solution is not easy because of the difficulty of identifying JavaScript code as being malicious. This paper presents Noxes, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first client-side solution to mitigate cross-site scripting attacks. Noxes acts as a web proxy and uses both manual and automatically generated rules to mitigate possible cross-site scripting attempts. Noxes effectively protects against information leakage from the user’s environment while requiring minimal user interaction and customization effort.
Urinary excretion and metabolism of the newly encountered designer drug 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone in humans

Cathinone-derived designer drugs have recently grown to be popular as drugs of abuse. 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone (DMMC) has recently been abused as one of the alternatives to controlled cathinones. In the present study, DMMC and its major metabolites, 3,4-dimethylcathinone (DMC), 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylaminopropan-1-ol (β-OH-DMMC, diastereomers), and 2-amino-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-1-ol (β-OH-DMC, diastereomers), have been identified and quantified in a DMMC user’s urine by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using newly synthesized authentic standards. Other putative metabolites including oxidative metabolites of the xylyl group and conjugated metabolites have also been detected in urine. The identified and putative phase I metabolites indicated that the metabolic pathways of DMMC include its reduction of the ketone group to the corresponding alcohols, N-demethylation to the primary amine, oxidation of the xylyl group to the corresponding alcohol and carboxylate forms, and combination of these steps. Concentrations of the identified metabolites were found to increase slightly after enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting that these compounds are partially metabolized to the respective conjugates.
Denial of abortion in legal settings

BACKGROUND
Factors such as poverty, stigma, lack of knowledge about the legal status of abortion, and geographical distance from a provider may prevent women from accessing safe abortion services, even where abortion is legal. Data on the consequences of abortion denial outside of the US, however, are scarce.


METHODS
In this article we present data from studies among women seeking legal abortion services in four countries (Colombia, Nepal, South Africa and Tunisia) to assess sociodemographic characteristics of legal abortion seekers, as well as the frequency and reasons that women are denied abortion care.


RESULTS
The proportion of women denied abortion services and the reasons for which they were denied varied widely by country. In Colombia, 2% of women surveyed did not receive the abortions they were seeking; in South Africa, 45% of women did not receive abortions on the day they were seeking abortion services. In both Tunisia and Nepal, 26% of women were denied their wanted abortions.


CONCLUSIONS
The denial of legal abortion services may have serious consequences for women's health and wellbeing. Additional evidence on the risk factors for presenting later in pregnancy, predictors of seeking unsafe illegal abortion, and the health consequences of illegal abortion and childbirth after an unwanted pregnancy is needed. Such data would assist the development of programmes and policies aimed at increasing access to and utilisation of safe abortion services where abortion is legal, and harm reduction models for women who are unable to access legal abortion services.
Operating System Manages Multiple Concurrent Jobs

An ever increasing share of human interaction, communication, and culture is recorded as digital text. We provide an introduction to the use of text as an input to economic research. We discuss the features that make text different from other forms of data, offer a practical overview of relevant statistical methods, and survey a variety of applications.
A framework for power saving in IoT networks

An IoT / M2M system may support large number of battery operated devices in addition to some mains operated devices. It is important to conserve energy of these battery operated constrained devices. An IoT / M2M Gateway used in this system is an intermediate node between IoT / M2M devices and an IoT / M2M Service Platform. It enables distributed analytics and helps to reduce traffic load in the network. This gateway could be stationary or mobile. In an IoT / M2M system, it becomes important to conserve energy of this Gateway as well. This paper proposes a framework to reduce power consumption of M2M / IoT devices as well as Gateway nodes. We buffer data at IoT Application, IoT Gateways and Devices to keep devices and Gateway nodes in sleep mode as long as possible. We allow computation of the duration to buffer this data using factors such as QoS requirements, predicted pattern of future IoT / M2M messages and congestion indicators from different network nodes. This potentially also allows intelligent aggregation of IoT messages at the Gateway node. We also enhance signaling mechanisms and present software building blocks for this framework. Mesh as well as Cellular access technologies are considered here.
State, religion, and revolution in Iran, 1796 to the present

1. Introduction: State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present SECTION I: FROM FRAGMENTED POLITICAL AUTHORITY TO CENTRAL BUREAUCRATIC POWER, 1796-1963 2. The Political Authority of the Qajar State, 1796-1925 3. Forming a Utilitarian Buffer State: The Pahlavis, 1921-1963 SECTION II: THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE SHI'I ULAMA, 1796-1963 4. Religious Revivalism and the Formative Phase of Orthodoxy, 1796-1892 5. The Constitutional Moment: The Ulama and the Political Sphere, 1892-1921 6. The Nationalization of Religious Morality and the Organizational Expansion of the Ulama, 1921-1963 SECTION III: THE MAKING OF THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1963 TO THE PRESENT 7. The Islamization of the Social Movements and the Revolution, 1963-1979 8. The Invention of a Modern Theocracy: An Unfinished Revolution 9. Conclusion: Making Sense of the State, Religion, and Revolution
Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes

Lessons learned from three container-management systems over a decade.
Strategic Performance Projects and Progress-Reforming Evaluation in Albania, Under EU Influences

Abstract This article examines the government incentives towards foreign direct investments of Central and Eastern Europe countries by evaluating the external influencing factors of foreign investment. It is argued that the major incentive that are study in our paper research, involves more fiscal than financial incentives. The empirical model was used to determine causal relationship between macroeconomic variables and FDI intensity in Central and Eastern European countries. The article introduces some policy recommendation for the increase of strategic projects in Central and Eastern Europe. Globalization will construct a unique culture identity that will represent the human gender. Another variant of this way of thinking, is that Globalization will construct an environment in which culturally self-defining communities will coexist in an harmonious way.The Socio Evolutionism in Balkan countries approach of global transition (having Spencer, {Spencer ideas of globalization countries, year 2002} as its main exponent and representative) occurred from mid nineteenth to mid twentieth century. During those times, socio-evolutionism became the way in which human progress was normally conceptualized. Spencer ideas were not friendly with the concept of the State. This concept is very wide when the Globalization is one impact that is now present for developing on Balkan areas.
Wegener's granulomatosis: evolving concepts in treatment.

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), the most common of the pulmonary granulomatous vasculitides, typically involves the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract (bronchi and lung), and kidney, with varying degrees of disseminated vasculitis. Major histological features include a necrotizing vasculitis involving small vessels, extensive "geographic" necrosis, and granulomatous inflammation. Clinical manifestations of WG are protean; virtually any organ can be involved. Further, the spectrum and severity of the disease is heterogeneous, ranging from indolent disease involving only one site to fulminant, multiorgan vasculitis leading to death. The pathogenesis of WG has not been elucidated, but both cellular and humoral components are involved. Circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA) likely play a role in the pathogenesis and often correlate with activity of the disease. Treatment strategies are evolving. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) plus corticosteroids (CS) is the mainstay of therapy for generalized, multisystemic WG. Historically, the combination of CYC plus CS was used for a minimum of 12 months, but concern about late toxicities associated with CYC has led to novel treatment approaches. Currently, short-course (3-6 months) induction treatment with CYC plus CS, followed by maintenance therapy with less toxic agents (e.g., methotrexate, azathioprine) is recommended. Further, recent studies suggest that methotrexate combined with CS may be adequate for limited, non-life threatening WG. The role of other immunomodulatory agents (including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is also explored.
The NIST EOS thermal-infrared transfer radiometer

A portable Thermal-Infrared Transfer Radiometer (TXR) has been developed for use in intercomparisons and scale verifications of sources used to calibrate thermal-infrared (TIR) channels of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Earth Observing System (EOS) flight instruments. The TXR is designed to measure the radiance temperature of large area blackbody sources in cryogenic vacuum environments, either at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or at the EOS instrument calibration facilities. It can be operated in ambient conditions of room temperature and pressure, or in EOS instrument thermal/vacuum chambers at temperatures as low as 77 K. The TXR is a liquid-nitrogen cooled filter radiometer with two channels: one centered at 5 μm based on a photovoltaic InSb detector, and the other centered at 10 μm based on a photovoltaic HgCdTe (MCT) detector. The spectral, spatial and temporal characterization of the TXR using state of the art NIST ambient infrared instrumentation is reported.
Video Object Segmentation Without Temporal Information

Video Object Segmentation, and video processing in general, has been historically dominated by methods that rely on the temporal consistency and redundancy in consecutive video frames. When temporal smoothness is suddenly broken, such as when an object is occluded, the result of these methods can deteriorate significantly. This paper explores the orthogonal approach of processing each frame independently, i.e. disregarding temporal information. In particular, it tackles the task of semi-supervised video object segmentation: the separation of an object from the background in a video, given its mask in the first frame. We present Semantic One-Shot Video Object Segmentation (OSVOS ), based on a fully-convolutional neural network architecture that is able to successively transfer generic semantic information, learned on ImageNet, to the task of foreground segmentation, and finally to learning the appearance of a single annotated object of the test sequence (hence one shot). We show that instance-level semantic information, when combined effectively, can dramatically improve the results of our previous method, OSVOS. We perform experiments on two recent single-object video segmentation databases, which show that OSVOS is both the fastest and most accurate method in the state of the art. Experiments on multi-object video segmentation show that OSVOS obtains competitive results.
The Pediatric Measure of Participation (PMoP) short forms

Study design:Multi-center cross-sectional cohort study.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to develop and validate short forms (SFs) of participation for child- and parent-reported outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Three pediatric orthopedic hospitals in the United States.Methods:The expert panel used calibration data from the pediatric computerized adaptive test (CAT) development study (convenience sample of 381 children and adolescents with SCI and 322 parents or caregivers) to select SF items. The panel selected items for two domains (participation self—relevant to what I want to do; participation friends—relevant to what my friends do), with parent and child versions for each domain. Psychometric analyses included group reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, agreement (SFs and item banks), percent of sample with highest (ceiling) and lowest (floor) scores by level of lesion (paraplegia/tetraplegia), and test information function.Results:Group reliability and Cronbach’s alpha values are acceptable (0.74–0.92) and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients for SFs and total item banks) is strong (0.89–0.95). Floor effects were minimal for people with tetraplegia and paraplegia (0–1.19%). Ceiling effects were minimal for people with tetraplegia (0–3.13%) and slightly higher, but acceptable, for people with paraplegia (8.06–14.02%). Test information function for the SFs was sufficiently high over the range of scores for the majority of the sample.Conclusion:Pediatric Measure of Participation (PMoP) SFs are acceptable for use when CATs are not feasible.Sponsorship:The study was funded by the Shriners Hospitals for Children Research Grant 79142 (Mulcahey, PI) and the Boston ROC Grant 5R24HD065688-05 (Jette, PI).
Design modifications of the uncemented Furlong hip stem result in minor early subsidence but do not affect further stability

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Even small design modifications of uncemented hip stems may alter the postoperative 3-D migration pattern. The Furlong Active is an uncemented femoral stem which, in terms of design, is based on its precursor-the well-proven Furlong HAC-but has undergone several design changes. The collar has been removed on the Active stem along with the lateral fin; it is shorter and has more rounded edges in the proximal part. We compared the migration patterns of the uncemented Furlong HAC stem and the modified Furlong Active stem in a randomized, controlled trial over 5 years using radiostereometry (RSA).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
50 patients with primary osteoarthritis were randomized to receive either the HAC stem or the Active stem. The patients underwent repeated RSA examinations (postoperatively, at 3 months, and after 1, 2, and 5 years) and conventional radiography, and they also filled out hip-specific questionnaires.


RESULTS
During the first 3 months, the collarless Active stem subsided to a greater extent than the collar-fitted HAC stem (0.99 mm vs. 0.31 mm, p=0.05). There were, however, no other differences in movement measured by RSA or in clinical outcome between the 2 stems. After 3 months, both stem types had stabilized and almost no further migration was seen.


INTERPRETATION
The Active stem showed no signs of unfavorable migration. Our results suggest that the osseointegration is not compromised by the new design features.
28-Day safety and tolerability of umeclidinium in combination with vilanterol in COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Umeclidinium (UMEC; GSK573719) is a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) currently in development in combination with vilanterol (VI), an inhaled, long-acting beta₂ agonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of repeat dosing of UMEC and VI in combination once daily for 28 days in patients with COPD.


METHODS
This was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Patients aged ≥40 years with post-bronchodilator FEV₁ ≤80% of predicted normal values and FEV₁/FVC ratio ≤0.70, and a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years, were randomized 4:1 to once-daily UMEC/VI (500/25 mcg; n = 42) or placebo (n = 9).


RESULTS
UMEC/VI was non-inferior to placebo in weighted mean pulse rate over 0-6 h at Day 28 (primary endpoint: difference of -0.5 bpm, 95% CI: -5.5 to 4.5). There was no evidence of a difference between UMEC/VI compared with placebo in blood pressure, minimum and maximum pulse rate, or QTcF assessments. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by 11 (26%) patients in the UMEC/VI group and one (11%) patient in the placebo group. No serious AEs were reported. Both UMEC and VI showed rapid absorption (median t(max) ∼6 min for both drugs) with no evidence of accumulation for AUC or C(max) on Day 28 compared with Day 1 for UMEC or VI. There was no correlation between individual steady-state C(max) and pulse rate on Day 28. Change from baseline in trough FEV₁ on Day 29 showed numerically greater improvements with UMEC/VI compared with placebo.


CONCLUSION
Once-daily dosing with UMEC in combination with VI in patients with moderate-to-very-severe COPD was well tolerated over 28 days.
Teacher-child interactions in Chile and their associations with prekindergarten outcomes.

Quality of teacher-child interactions is central to prekindergarten children's learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher-child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) whether there was evidence supporting three distinctive domains of teacher-child interactions in Chile (construct validity) and (b) whether these domains predicted end-of-prekindergarten language, academic, and executive function skills in Chile (predictive validity). The sample consisted of 91 Chilean prekindergarten classrooms (1,868 four-year-old children). The findings support both construct and predictive validity of the teaching through interactions conceptual framework as assessed by the CLASS in Chile. Implications for cross-country comparison of quality of teacher-child interactions in prekindergarten classrooms are discussed.
Broadband variable passive delay elements based on an inductance multiplication technique

A new technique for making broadband and variable passive delay elements is described. By introducing a variable inductance structure and using it along with available varactors, synthesized transmission lines are implemented with variable delay while maintaining a constant Zo over the line bandwidth. Inductance tuning is realized through the effect of mutual inductance. As a demonstration prototype, a single unit cell and two cascaded unit cells were implemented in 90 nm digital CMOS process. Delay values ranging from 14 ps - 40 ps were obtained from DC to 8 GHz while maintaining matched condition over the bandwidth with delay variations of less than plusmn%5. These delay cells could be used in broadband impulse-based beamforming systems to provide variable delays in each RF path.
Treatment of femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis with paclitaxel-eluting stents.

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of drug-eluting stent treatment for femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR).


BACKGROUND
ISR after femoropopliteal interventions is an increasing problem. Although the role of drug-eluting stents in the treatment of coronary ISR is well defined, no published studies have examined drug-eluting stents in the treatment of femoropopliteal ISR.


METHODS
This study examines 108 patients with 119 ISR lesions who were enrolled in the ZILVER-PTX single-arm study, a prospective, multicenter clinical trial of 787 patients. All patients were treated with paclitaxel-eluting nitinol stents.


RESULTS
Mean patient age was 68.3 ± 9.4 years; 61.1% of patients were men. Mean lesion length was 133.0 ± 91.7 mm; 33.6% of lesions were >150 mm long and 31.1% of lesions were totally occluded. Procedural success was achieved in 98.2% of lesions with 2.1 ± 1.2 stents placed per lesion. Primary patency was 95.7% at 6 months and 78.8% at 1 year. Freedom from target lesion revascularization was 96.2% at 6 months, 81.0% at 1 year, and 60.8% at 2 years. Forty patients experienced major adverse events, exclusively target lesion revascularization. Before treatment, 81.1% of patients had Rutherford scores ≥3; at 2 years, 60.9% of patients had Rutherford scores ≤1. Both ankle brachial index and walking impairment questionnaire scores significantly improved following treatment. The 1-year fracture rate of stents used in ISR lesions was 1.2%. No significant risk factors associated with loss of patency were identified.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of femoropopliteal ISR with paclitaxel-eluting stents results in favorable acute, midterm, and long-term outcomes. (Zilver PTX Global Registry [ZILVER-PTX]; NCT01094678).