LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy, postnatal depression and suicidal tendencies in Harare, Zimbabwe.

INTRODUCTION
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common form of violence experienced by pregnant women and is believed to have adverse mental health effects postnatally. This study investigated the association of postnatal depression (PND) and suicidal ideation with emotional, physical and sexual IPV experienced by women during pregnancy.


METHODS
Data were collected from 842 women interviewed postnatally in six postnatal clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. We used the World Health Organization versions of IPV and Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale measures to assess IPV and PND respectively. We derived a violence severity variable and combined forms of IPV variables from IPV questions. Logistic regression was used to analyse data whilst controlling for past mental health and IPV experiences.


RESULTS
One in five women [21.4% (95% CI 18.6-24.2)] met the diagnostic criteria for PND symptomatology whilst 21.6% (95% CI 18.8-24.4) reported postpartum suicide thoughts and 4% (95% CI 2.7-5.4) reported suicide attempts. Two thirds (65.4%) reported any form of IPV. Although individual forms of severe IPV were associated with PND, stronger associations were found between PND and severe emotional IPV or severe combined forms of IPV. Suicidal ideation was associated with emotional IPV. Other forms of IPV, except when combined with emotional IPV, were not individually associated with suicidal ideation.


CONCLUSION
Emotional IPV during pregnancy negatively affects women's mental health in the postnatal period. Clinicians and researchers should include it in their conceptualisation of violence and health. Further research must look at possible indirect relationships between sexual and physical IPV on mental health.
Real options signaling games with applications to corporate finance

We study games in which the decision to exercise an option is a signal of private information to outsiders, whose beliefs affect the utility of the decision-maker. Signaling incentives distort the timing of exercise, and the direction of distortion depends on whether the decision-maker's utility increases or decreases in outsiders' belief about the payoff from exercise. In the former case, signaling incentives erode the value of the option to wait and speed up option exercise, while in the latter case option exercise is delayed. We demonstrate the model's implications through four corporate finance settings: investment under managerial myopia, venture capital grandstanding, investment under cash flow diversion, and product market competition. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com., Oxford University Press.
A Systematic Literature Review on Fault Prediction Performance in Software Engineering

Background: The accurate prediction of where faults are likely to occur in code can help direct test effort, reduce costs, and improve the quality of software. Objective: We investigate how the context of models, the independent variables used, and the modeling techniques applied influence the performance of fault prediction models. Method: We used a systematic literature review to identify 208 fault prediction studies published from January 2000 to December 2010. We synthesize the quantitative and qualitative results of 36 studies which report sufficient contextual and methodological information according to the criteria we develop and apply. Results: The models that perform well tend to be based on simple modeling techniques such as Naive Bayes or Logistic Regression. Combinations of independent variables have been used by models that perform well. Feature selection has been applied to these combinations when models are performing particularly well. Conclusion: The methodology used to build models seems to be influential to predictive performance. Although there are a set of fault prediction studies in which confidence is possible, more studies are needed that use a reliable methodology and which report their context, methodology, and performance comprehensively.
Interactive Data Visualization - Foundations, Techniques, and Applications

Course Description: In this course, you will learn the fundamental algorithmic and design principles of visualizing and exploring complex data. The course will cover multiple aspects of data presentation including human perception and design theory; algorithms for exploring patterns in data such as topic modeling, clustering, and dimensionality reduction; as well as a wide range of statistical graphics and information visualization techniques. We will explore numerical data, relational data, temporal data, spatial data, graphs and text. Hands-on projects will be based on Python or JavaScript with D3. 3 credits.
Power Minimization for OFDM Transmission with Subcarrier-Pair Based Opportunistic DF Relaying

This paper develops a sum-power minimized resource allocation (RA) algorithm subject to a sum-rate constraint for cooperative orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) transmission with subcarrier-pair based opportunistic decode-and-forward (DF) relaying. The improved DF protocol first proposed in is used with optimized subcarrier pairing. Instrumental to the RA algorithm design is appropriate definition of variables to represent source/relay power allocation, subcarrier pairing and transmission-mode selection elegantly, so that after continuous relaxation, the dual method and the Hungarian algorithm can be used to find an (at least approximately) optimum RA with polynomial complexity. Moreover, the bisection method is used to speed up the search of the optimum Lagrange multiplier for the dual method. Numerical results are shown to illustrate the power-reduction benefit of the improved DF protocol with optimized subcarrier pairing.
Parkinson disease subtypes.

IMPORTANCE
It is increasingly evident that Parkinson disease (PD) is not a single entity but rather a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate available evidence, based on findings from clinical, imaging, genetic and pathologic studies, supporting the differentiation of PD into subtypes.


EVIDENCE REVIEW
We performed a systematic review of articles cited in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 using the following search terms: Parkinson disease, parkinsonism, tremor, postural instability and gait difficulty, and Parkinson disease subtypes. The final reference list was generated on the basis of originality and relevance to the broad scope of this review.


FINDINGS
Several subtypes, such as tremor-dominant PD and postural instability gait difficulty form of PD, have been found to cluster together. Other subtypes also have been identified, but validation by subtype-specific biomarkers is still lacking.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Several PD subtypes have been identified, but the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the observed clinicopathologic heterogeneity in PD are still not well understood. Further research into subtype-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers may provide insights into mechanisms of neurodegeneration and improve epidemiologic and therapeutic clinical trial designs.
A study on an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with permissible delay in payments

In this study, an appropriate inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with permissible delay in payments is considered. The purpose of this study is to find an optimal replenishment policy for minimizing the total relevant inventory cost. This mathematical model is a general framework that comprises numerous previous models such as in Ghare and Schrader [Ghare, P. M., & Schrader, G. H. (1963). A model for exponentially decaying inventory system. International Journal of Production Research, 21, 449–460], Goyal [Goyal, S. K. (1985). Economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 36, 335–338], and Teng [Teng, J. T. (2002). On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 53, 915–918] as special cases. We have developed some useful theorems to characterize the optimal solutions and provide an easy-to-use method to find the optimal replenishment cycle time and order quantity under various circumstances. Several numerical examples are given to test and verify the theoretical results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is also included. According to the results of numerical analysis, we provided several ways for the retailer to effectively reduce total annual relevant inventory cost. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modelling epidermis homoeostasis and psoriasis pathogenesis.

We present a computational model to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of epidermis homoeostasis under normal and pathological conditions. The model consists of a population kinetics model of the central transition pathway of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and loss and an agent-based model that propagates cell movements and generates the stratified epidermis. The model recapitulates observed homoeostatic cell density distribution, the epidermal turnover time and the multilayered tissue structure. We extend the model to study the onset, recurrence and phototherapy-induced remission of psoriasis. The model considers psoriasis as a parallel homoeostasis of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes originated from a shared stem cell (SC) niche environment and predicts two homoeostatic modes of psoriasis: a disease mode and a quiescent mode. Interconversion between the two modes can be controlled by interactions between psoriatic SCs and the immune system and by normal and psoriatic SCs competing for growth niches. The prediction of a quiescent state potentially explains the efficacy of multi-episode UVB irradiation therapy and recurrence of psoriasis plaques, which can further guide designs of therapeutics that specifically target the immune system and/or the keratinocytes.
The Thing and I: Understanding the Relationship Between User and Product

We currently witness a growing interest of the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community in user experience. It has become a catchphrase, calling for a holistic perspective and an enrichment of traditional quality models with non-utilitarian concepts, such as fun (Monk & Frohlich, 1999; Draper, 1999), joy (Glass, 1997), pleasure (Jordan, 2000), hedonic value (Hassenzahl, 2002a) or ludic value (Gaver & Martin, 2000). In the same vein, literature on experiential marketing stresses that a product should not longer be seen as simply delivering a bundle of functional features and benefits it provides experiences. Customers want products "that dazzle their senses, touch their hearts and stimulate their minds" (Schmitt, 1999, p. 22). Experiential marketing assumes that customers take functional features, benefits, and product quality as a given. Even though the HCI community seems to embrace the notion that functionality and usability is just not enough, we are far from having a coherent understanding of what user experience actually is. The few existing models (e.g., Logan, 1984; Jordan, 2000) of user experience in HCI that incorporate aspects such as pleasure are rare and often overly simplistic. In the present chapter, I will propose a more complex model that defines key elements of user experience and their functional relations. Specifically, it aims at addressing aspects, such as (a) the subjective nature of experience per se; (b) perception of a product; (c) emotional responses to products in (d) varying situations. It is a more detailed and further developed version of a research model, I previously presented in Hassenzahl (2002a). I view it as a first step towards a better understanding of how people experience products and a valuable starting point for further in-depth theoretical discussions.
Cost effective interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in low and middle income countries: a systematic review

BACKGROUND
While there is good evidence to show that behavioural and lifestyle interventions can reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in affluent settings, less evidence exists in lower income settings.This study systematically assesses the evidence on cost-effectiveness for preventive cardiovascular interventions in low and middle-income settings.


METHODS



DESIGN
Systematic review of economic evaluations on interventions for prevention of cardiovascular disease.


DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Embase, Opensigle, the Cochrane database, Business Source Complete, the NHS Economic Evaluations Database, reference lists and email contact with experts.


ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
we included economic evaluations conducted in adults, reporting the effect of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in low and middle income countries as defined by the World Bank. The primary outcome was a change in cardiovascular disease occurrence including coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke.


DATA EXTRACTION
After selection of the studies, data were extracted by two independent investigators using a previously constructed tool and quality was evaluated using Drummond's quality assessment score.


RESULTS
From 9731 search results we found 16 studies, which presented economic outcomes for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in low and middle income settings, with most of these reporting positive cost effectiveness results.When the same interventions were evaluated across settings, within and between papers, the likelihood of an intervention being judged cost effective was generally lower in regions with lowest gross national income. While population based interventions were in most cases more cost effective, cost effectiveness estimates for individual pharmacological interventions were overall based upon a stronger evidence base.


CONCLUSIONS
While more studies of cardiovascular preventive interventions are needed in low and mid income settings, the available high-level of evidence supports a wide range of interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease as being cost effective across all world regions.
Big Data Analytics framework for Peer-to-Peer Botnet detection using Random Forests

Network traffic monitoring and analysis-related research has struggled to scale for massive amounts of data in real time. Some of the vertical scaling solutions provide good implementation of signature based detection. Unfortunately these approaches treat network flows across different subnets and cannot apply anomaly-based classification if attacks originate from multiple machines at a lower speed, like the scenario of Peer-to-Peer Botnets. In this paper the authors build up on the progress of open source tools like Hadoop, Hive and Mahout to provide a scalable implementation of quasi-real-time intrusion detection system. The implementation is used to detect Peer-to-Peer Botnet attacks using machine learning approach. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Building a distributed framework using Hive for sniffing and processing network traces enabling extraction of dynamic network features; (2) Using the parallel processing power of Mahout to build Random Forest based Decision Tree model which is applied to the problem of Peer-to-Peer Botnet detection in quasi-real-time. The implementation setup and performance metrics are presented as initial observations and future extensions are proposed. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Structural characteristics, electrical conduction and dielectric properties of gadolinium substituted cobalt ferrite

Gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrites (CoFe2 xGdxO4, referred to CFGO) with variable Gd content (x = 0.0–0.4) have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, chemistry, electrical conduction and dielectric properties of CFGO compounds have been evaluated. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that CFGO crystallize in the inverse spinel phase. The CFGO compounds exhibit lattice expansion due to substitution of larger Gd ions into the crystal lattice. Gd-substitution induced smooth microstructure and particle size reduction is evident in electron microscopy analyses. Frequency dependent dielectric measurements at room temperature obey the modified Debye model with a relaxation time of 10 4 s and a spreading factor of 0.244–0.616. The frequency (f = 20 Hz–1 MHz) and temperature (T = 30–900 C) dependent dielectric constant analyses indicate that pure CFO exhibits two dielectric relaxations in the frequency range of 1–10 kHz while Gd substituted CFO compositions exhibit only single relaxation at 1 kHz. The dielectric constant of CFGO is temperature independent up to 550 C. The dielectric constant increases with T > 550 C. Dielectric constant of CoFe2 xGdxO4 ceramics is also enhanced compared to pure CoFe2O4 due to the lattice distortion upon Gd incorporation. The tand (loss tangent)–T data reveals the typical behavior of relaxation loses in CFGO. Activation energy of the dielectric relaxation calculated employing Arrhenius equation varies from 0.564 to 0.668 (±0.003) eV with increasing x values from 0.0 to 0.4. Thermally activated small polaron hopping mechanism is evident in temperature dependent electrical properties of CFGO. The effect of Gd-substitution in CFO is remarkable on the resistivity and, hence, activation energy; both increases with increasing Gd content. A two-layer heterogeneous model consisting of semiconducting grains separated by insulating grain boundaries was able to account for the observed temperature and frequency dependent electrical properties in CFGO ceramics. The results demonstrate that the crystal structure, microstructure, electrical and dielectric properties can be tailored by tuning Gd-content in the CFGO compounds. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Efficacy and safety of tiotropium in COPD patients in primary care – the SPiRiva Usual CarE (SPRUCE) study

BACKGROUND
Clinical trials of tiotropium have principally recruited patients from secondary care with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and typically had included limitation of concomitant medication. In primary care, which is the most common setting for COPD management, many patients may have milder disease, and also may take a broad range of concomitant medication.


METHODS
This randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 12-week, 44-centre study investigated the efficacy (trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] response) and safety of additional treatment with once-daily tiotropium 18 mug via the HandiHaler in a primary care COPD population (tiotropium: N = 191, FEV1 = 1.25 L [47.91% predicted]; placebo: N = 183, FEV1 = 1.32 L [49.86% predicted]). Secondary endpoints included: trough forced vital capacity (FVC) response, weekly use of rescue short-acting beta-agonist, and exacerbation of COPD (complex of respiratory symptoms/events of >3 days in duration requiring a change in treatment). Treatment effects were determined using non-parametric analysis.


RESULTS
At Week 12, median improvement in trough FEV1 response with tiotropium versus placebo was 0.06 L (p = 0.0102). The improvement was consistent across baseline treatment and COPD severity. Median improvement in FVC at 2, 6 and 12 weeks was 0.12 L (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with > or =1 exacerbation was reduced (tiotropium 9.5%; placebo 17.9%; p = 0.0147), independent of disease severity. Rescue medication usage was significantly reduced in the tiotropium group compared with placebo. Adverse event profile was consistent with previous studies.


CONCLUSION
Tiotropium provides additional benefits to usual primary care management in a representative COPD population.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The identifier is: NCT00274079.
FlatCam: Thin, Bare-Sensor Cameras using Coded Aperture and Computation

FlatCam is a thin form-factor lensless camera that consists of a coded mask placed on top of a bare, conventional sensor array. Unlike a traditional, lens-based camera where an image of the scene is directly recorded on the sensor pixels, each pixel in FlatCam records a linear combination of light from multiple scene elements. A computational algorithm is then used to demultiplex the recorded measurements and reconstruct an image of the scene. FlatCam is an instance of a coded aperture imaging system; however, unlike the vast majority of related work, we place the coded mask extremely close to the image sensor that can enable a thin system. We employ a separable mask to ensure that both calibration and image reconstruction are scalable in terms of memory requirements and computational complexity. We demonstrate the potential of the FlatCam design using two prototypes: one at visible wavelengths and one at infrared wavelengths.
Business intelligence in banking: A literature analysis from 2002 to 2013 using text mining and latent Dirichlet allocation

This paper analyzes recent literature in the search for trends in business intelligence applications for the banking industry. Searches were performed in relevant journals resulting in 219 articles published between 2002 and 2013. To analyze such a large number of manuscripts, text mining techniques were used in pursuit for relevant terms on both business intelligence and banking domains. Moreover, the latent Dirichlet allocation modeling was used in order to group articles in several relevant topics. The analysis was conducted using a dictionary of terms belonging to both banking and business intelligence domains. Such procedure allowed for the identification of relationships between terms and topics grouping articles, enabling to emerge hypotheses regarding research directions. To confirm such hypotheses, relevant articles were collected and scrutinized, allowing to validate the text mining procedure. The results show that credit in banking is clearly the main application trend, particularly predicting risk and thus supporting credit approval or denial. There is also a relevant interest in bankruptcy and fraud prediction. ∗Corresponding author (S. Moro). Email addresses: scmoro@gmail.com (Sérgio Miguel Carneiro Moro), pcortez@dsi.uminho.pt (Paulo Alexandre Ribeiro Cortez), paulo.rita@iscte.pt (Paulo Miguel Rasquinho Ferreira Rita) Preprint submitted to Elsevier October 20, 2015 Customer retention seems to be associated, although weakly, with targeting, justifying bank offers to reduce churn. In addition, a large number of articles focused more on business intelligence techniques and its applications, using the banking industry just for evaluation, thus, not clearly acclaiming for benefits in the banking business. By identifying these current research topics, this study also highlights opportunities for future research.