LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rivastigmine Augmentation in Treatment of Male Patients With Combat-Related Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the chronic and disabling psychiatric disorders, particularly in combat veterans. In a case series, rivastigmine was suggested to be an effective augmentation in treatment of PTSD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this finding in a randomized controlled trial.


METHOD
A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 36 male patients (aged 42-60 years) diagnosed with chronic, combat-related PTSD. Subjects were screened for apparent cognitive deficits by means of Mini-Mental State Examination. All patients received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors plus sodium valproate for 4 weeks and then reevaluated. Subjects who did not show adequate response were randomly assigned into 3 groups receiving rivastigmine (up to 6 mg/d), placebo, or the prior treatment regimen. Efficacy of medication was measured by administering PTSD Check List-Military Version at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance and repeated measurement. Reported differences were considered significant at the level of 0.05 or less.


RESULTS
The 3 groups showed statistically significant reductions in the total PTSD Check List-Military Version, avoidance subscale, and the reexperience subscale but not in the hyperarousal subscale. No significant differences were found between the 3 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to the previous case series, findings of the current study did not support the efficacy of adjunctive rivastigmine in treatment of PTSD. This hypothetically could be due to the fact that all the study's subjects scored higher than 25 on Mini-Mental State Examination.
Extracting Herbrand disjunctions by functional interpretation

Abstract.Carrying out a suggestion by Kreisel, we adapt Gödel’s functional interpretation to ordinary first-order predicate logic(PL) and thus devise an algorithm to extract Herbrand terms from PL-proofs. The extraction is carried out in an extension of PL to higher types. The algorithm consists of two main steps: first we extract a functional realizer, next we compute the β-normal-form of the realizer from which the Herbrand terms can be read off. Even though the extraction is carried out in the extended language, the terms are ordinary PL-terms. In contrast to approaches to Herbrand’s theorem based on cut elimination orɛ-elimination this extraction technique is, except for the normalization step, of low polynomial complexity, fully modular and furthermore allows an analysis of the structure of the Herbrand terms, in the spirit of Kreisel ([13]), already prior to the normalization step. It is expected that the implementation of functional interpretation in Schwichtenberg’s MINLOG system can be adapted to yield an efficient Herbrand-term extraction tool.
Psychosocial animal model of PTSD produces a long-lasting traumatic memory, an increase in general anxiety and PTSD-like glucocorticoid abnormalities

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a pathologically intense memory for a traumatic experience, persistent anxiety and physiological abnormalities, such as low baseline glucocorticoid levels and increased sensitivity to dexamethasone. We have addressed the hypothesis that rats subjected to chronic psychosocial stress would exhibit PTSD-like sequelae, including traumatic memory expression, increased anxiety and abnormal glucocorticoid responses. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a cat on two occasions separated by 10 days, in conjunction with chronic social instability. Three weeks after the second cat exposure, the rats were tested for glucocorticoid abnormalities, general anxiety and their fear-conditioned memory of the two cat exposures. Stressed rats exhibited reduced basal glucocorticoid levels, increased glucocorticoid suppression following dexamethasone administration, heightened anxiety and a robust fear memory in response to cues that were paired with the two cat exposures. The commonalities in endocrine and behavioral measures between psychosocially stressed rats and traumatized people with PTSD provide the opportunity to explore mechanisms underlying psychological trauma-induced changes in neuroendocrine systems and cognition.
Locking-free Thick-Thin Rod/Beam Element Based on a von Karman Type Nonlinear Theory in Rotated Reference Frames For Large Deformation Analyses of Space-Frame Structures

This paper presents a new shear flexible beam/rod element for large deformation analyses of space-frame structures, comprising of thin or thick beams. The formulations remain uniformly valid for thick or thin beams, without using any numerical expediencies such as selective reduced integrations, etc. A von Karman type nonlinear theory of deformation is employed in the co-rotational reference frame of the present beam element, to account for bending, stretching, torsion and shearing of each element. Transverse shear strains in two independant directions are introduced as additional variables, in order to eliminate the shear locking phenomenon. An assumed displacement approach is used to derive an explicit expression for the (16x16) symmetric tangent stiffness matrix of the beam element in the co-rotational reference frame. Numerical examples demonstrate that the present element is free from shear locking and is suitable for the large deformation analysis of spaced frames with thick/thin members. Significantly, this paper provides a text-book example of an explicit expression for the (16x16) symmetric tangent stiffness matrix of a finitely deforming beam element, which can be employed in very simple analyses of large deformations of space-frames. The present methodologies can be extended to study the very large deformations of plates and shells as well, and can be shown to be theoretically valid for thick or thin plates and shells, without using selective reduced integrations and without the need for stabilizing the attendant zero-energy modes. 1 Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R.China 2 Corresponding author. Email: yc_cai@163.net. Key Laboratory for the Exploitation of Southwest Resources and Environmental Disaster Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R.China. 3 Lloyd’s Register Educational Trust (The LRET) Research Center of Excellence, Pusan National University, Korea 4 Center for Aerospace Research & Education, University of California, Irvine 176 Copyright © 2010 Tech Science Press CMES, vol.57, no.2, pp.175-204, 2010
A Design Principle for Coarse-to-Fine Classification

Coarse-to-fine classification is an efficient way of organizing object recognition in order to accommodate a large number of possible hypotheses and to systematically exploit shared attributes and the hierarchical nature of the visual world. The basic structure is a nested representation of the space of hypotheses and a corresponding hierarchy of (binary) classifiers. In existing work, the representation is manually crafted. Here we introduce a design principle for recursively learning the representation and the classifiers together. This also unifies previous work on cascades and tree-structured search. The criterion for deciding when a group of hypotheses should be "retested" (a cascade) versus partitioned into smaller groups ("divide-and-conquer") is motivated by recent theoretical work on optimal search strategies. The key concept is the cost-to-power ratio of a classifier. The learned hierarchy consists of both linear cascades and branching segments and outperforms manual ones in experiments on face detection.
An empirical study of the implementation of green supply chain management practices in the electrical and electronic industry and their relation to organizational performances *

*Corresponding Author Email: chien.mk@msa.hinet.net Tel.: +886 8 8647367; Fax: +886 8 8647123 ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the green supply chain management practices likely to be adopted by the electrical and electronic industry in Taiwan, which is dominated by Original Equipment Manufacturing and Original Designing and Manufacturing manufacturers, after the European Union implementation of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directives. The relationship between green supply chain management practices and environmental performance, as well as financial performance, is studied. The approach of the present research includes a literature review, in depth interviews and questionnaire surveys. The companies in the electrical and electronic industry approved by the International Organization for Standardization 14001 certification in Taiwan before December 2004 were sampled for empirical study. The data were then analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences, and structural equation modelling was used as a path analysis model to verify the hypothetical construction of the study. The results indicate that the original equipment manufacturing and original designing and manufacturing manufacturers in Taiwan’s electrical and electronic industry have adopted green procurement and green manufacturing practices in response to the current wave of international green issues and have generated favorable environmental and financial performances for the respective companies.
Reason and commitment

1. Conceptual relativism 2. Wittgenstein and religious concepts 3. Commitment 4. Forms of life 5. The rationality of commitments 6. Relativism and disagreement 7. Rationality Bibliography Index.
On the Physics of Machining Titanium Alloys: Interactions between Cutting Parameters, Microstructure and Tool Wear

The current work deals with the analysis of mechanisms involved during the machining process of titanium alloys. Two different materials were chosen for the study: Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-55531. The objective was to understand the effect of all cutting parameters on the tool wear behavior and stability of the cutting process. The investigations were focused on the mechanisms of the chip formation process and their interaction with tool wear. At the microstructure scale, the analysis confirms the intense deformation of the machined surface and shows a texture modification. As the cutting speed increases, cutting forces and temperature show different progressions depending on the considered microstructure (Ti-6Al-4V or Ti-55531 alloy). Results show for both materials that the wear process is facilitated by the high cutting temperature and the generation of high stresses. The analysis at the chip-tool interface of friction and contact nature (sliding or sticking contact) shows that machining Ti55531 often exhibits an abrasion wear process on the tool surface, while the adhesion and diffusion modes followed by the coating delamination process are the main wear modes when machining the usual Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996.

BACKGROUND
A national eye survey was conducted in 1996 to determine the prevalence of blindness and low vision and their major causes among the Malaysian population of all ages.


METHODS
A stratified two stage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select primary and secondary sampling units. Interviews, visual acuity tests, and eye examinations on all individuals in the sampled households were performed. Estimates were weighted by factors adjusting for selection probability, non-response, and sampling coverage.


RESULTS
The overall response rate was 69% (that is, living quarters response rate was 72.8% and household response rate was 95.1%). The age adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.29% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.39%), and 2.44% (95% CI 2.18 to 2.69%) respectively. Females had a higher age adjusted prevalence of low vision compared to males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bilateral low vision and blindness among the four ethnic groups, and urban and rural residents. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (39%) followed by retinal diseases (24%). Uncorrected refractive errors (48%) and cataract (36%) were the major causes of low vision.


CONCLUSION
Malaysia has blindness and visual impairment rates that are comparable with other countries in the South East Asia region. However, cataract and uncorrected refractive errors, though readily treatable, are still the leading causes of blindness, suggesting the need for an evaluation on accessibility and availability of eye care services and barriers to eye care utilisation in the country.
Control for Grid-Connected and Intentional Islanding Operations of Distributed Power Generation

Intentional islanding describes the condition in which a microgrid or a portion of the power grid, which consists of a load and a distributed generation (DG) system, is isolated from the remainder of the utility system. In this situation, it is important for the microgrid to continue to provide adequate power to the load. Under normal operation, each DG inverter system in the microgrid usually works in constant current control mode in order to provide a preset power to the main grid. When the microgrid is cut off from the main grid, each DG inverter system must detect this islanding situation and must switch to a voltage control mode. In this mode, the microgrid will provide a constant voltage to the local load. This paper describes a control strategy that is used to implement grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations of distributed power generation. This paper proposes an intelligent load-shedding algorithm for intentional islanding and an algorithm of synchronization for grid reconnection.
Bonding of articular cartilage using a combination of biochemical degradation and surface cross-linking

After trauma, articular cartilage often does not heal due to incomplete bonding of the fractured surfaces. In this study we investigated the ability of chemical cross-linkers to facilitate bonding of articular cartilage, either alone or in combination with a pre-treatment with surface-degrading agents. Articular cartilage blocks were harvested from the femoropatellar groove of bovine calves. Two cartilage blocks, either after pre-treatment or without, were assembled in a custom-designed chamber in partial apposition and subjected to cross-linking treatment. Subsequently, bonding of cartilage was measured as adhesive strength, that is, the maximum force at rupture of bonded cartilage blocks divided by the overlap area. In a first approach, bonding was investigated after treatment with cross-linking reagents only, employing glutaraldehyde, 1-ethyl-3-diaminopropyl-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), genipin, or transglutaminase. Experiments were conducted with or without compression of the opposing surfaces. Compression during cross-linking strongly enhanced bonding, especially when applying EDC/NHS and glutaraldehyde. Therefore, all further experiments were performed under compressive conditions. Combinations of each of the four cross-linking agents with the degrading pre-treatments, pepsin, trypsin, and guanidine, led to distinct improvements in bonding compared to the use of cross-linkers alone. The highest values of adhesive strength were achieved employing combinations of pepsin or guanidine with EDC/NHS, and guanidine with glutaraldehyde. The release of extracellular matrix components, that is, glycosaminoglycans and total collagen, from cartilage blocks after pre-treatment was measured, but could not be directly correlated to the determined adhesive strength. Cytotoxicity was determined for all substances employed, that is, surface degrading agents and cross-linkers, using the resazurin assay. Taking the favourable cell vitality after treatment with pepsin and EDC/NHS and the cytotoxic effects of guanidine and glutaraldehyde into account, the combination of pepsin and EDC/NHS appeared to be the most advantageous treatment in this study. In conclusion, bonding of articular cartilage blocks was achieved by chemical fixation of their surface components using cross-linking reagents. Application of compressive forces and prior modulation of surface structures enhanced cartilage bonding significantly. Enzymatic treatment in combination with cross-linkers may represent a promising addition to current techniques for articular cartilage repair.
Phase II study of vorinostat for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE
We performed a phase II study of oral vorinostat, a histone and protein deacetylase inhibitor, to examine its efficacy and tolerability in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent lymphoma.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this open label phase II study (NCT00253630), patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), with ≤ 4 prior therapies were eligible. Oral vorinostat was administered at a dose of 200 mg twice daily on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary end points of progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability.


RESULTS
All 35 eligible patients were evaluable for response. The median number of vorinostat cycles received was nine. ORR was 29% (five complete responses [CR] and five partial responses [PR]). For 17 patients with FL, ORR was 47% (four CR, four PR). There were two of nine responders with MZL (one CR, one PR), and no formal responders among the nine patients with MCL, although one patient maintained stable disease for 26 months. Median PFS was 15.6 months for patients with FL, 5.9 months for MCL, and 18.8 months for MZL. The drug was well-tolerated over long periods of treatment, with the most common grade 3 adverse events being thrombocytopenia, anemia, leucopenia, and fatigue.


CONCLUSION
Oral vorinostat is a promising agent in FL and MZL, with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies in combination with other active agents in this setting are warranted.
Knowledge Sharing Behavior from Game Theory and Socio-Psychology Perspectives

Many researches have studied the factors that hinder knowledge sharing from technological or organizational perspectives. However, limited research attention has been given to the individual's salient beliefs about knowledge sharing. This paper aims to study the role of individual's attitude towards knowledge sharing, from a socio-psychological perspective, and how it drives the decision to share knowledge. The paper proposes that an individual's knowledge sharing behavior is driven by a set of salient beliefs that are not unlike the notion of payoff in game theory. Using the case of a telecommunication company in Egypt, the paper employed multi-person game theoretic structure to determine the game played by the employees. The researcher found that the perceived payoff of knowledge sharing can be characterized by a multi-person game and that drivers of individual's behavior are self esteem, expected association, expected contribution, self consistency, level of understanding, time to share, and self interest
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Noncardiac Chest Pain and Cardiac Syndrome X

Cardiac syndrome X, the triad of angina pectoris, positive exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) for myocardial ischemia and angiographically smooth coronary arteries, is associated with increased psychological morbidity, debilitating symptomatology and a poor quality of life. Patients with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) are often similarly affected. The psychological morbidity noted among this patient population has been linked with a number of psychosocial factors, including impaired social support, traumatic life events, the negative impact of menopause among female sufferers, and an awareness of a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), group support, physical activity and relaxation techniques have been investigated as treatments for psychological morbidity among this patient group with varying degrees of success. While clinicians should be aware of the psychological aspect of patients with NCCP and cardiac syndrome X, further research is needed in order to establish a comprehensive physiological and psychological treatment regimen. Das kardiale Syndrom X umfasst die TRIAS Angina pectoris, positives Belastungs-EKG mit Zeichen der Ischämie und angiographisch glatte normale Koronargefäße. Es ist verbunden mit einer gesteigerten Rate an psychologischen Veränderungen, sowie mit Symptomen, die die Leistungsfähigkeit schwächen und zu einer verminderten Lebensqualität führen können. Patienten mit nicht-kardialem Brustschmerz (NCCP) zeigen oft ähnliche Symptome. Die psychologische Situation dieser Patientengruppe kann mit einer Zahl psychosozialer Faktoren in Beziehung gesetzt werden: verminderte soziale Unterstützung, traumatische Ereignisse, negative Aufnahme der Menopause, verstärkte Wahrnehmung einer familiären Risikobelastung. Eine kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (CBT), Gruppengespräche, körperliche Aktivität, Entspannungsübungen sind als therapeutische Maßnahmen geprüft worden. Die Ergebnisse sind sehr unterschiedlich gewesen. Während die Kliniker mehr Kenntnisse über die psychologischen Aspekte bei Patienten mit NCCP und kardialem Syndrom X gewinnen sollten, sind weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen notwendig, um die Beziehung zwischen physiologischen und psychologischen Faktoren genauer zu erfassen.