LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Risk Score to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Elderly Spanish Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

INTRODUCTION
To develop and test a diabetes risk score to predict incident diabetes in an elderly Spanish Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A diabetes risk score was derived from a subset of 1381 nondiabetic individuals from three centres of the PREDIMED study (derivation sample). Multivariate Cox regression model ß-coefficients were used to weigh each risk factor. PREDIMED-personal Score included body-mass-index, smoking status, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption and hypertension as categorical variables; PREDIMED-clinical Score included also high blood glucose. We tested the predictive capability of these scores in the DE-PLAN-CAT cohort (validation sample). The discrimination of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) and our scores was assessed with the area under curve (AUC).


RESULTS
The PREDIMED-clinical Score varied from 0 to 14 points. In the subset of the PREDIMED study, 155 individuals developed diabetes during the 4.75-years follow-up. The PREDIMED-clinical score at a cutoff of ≥6 had sensitivity of 72.2%, and specificity of 72.5%, whereas AUC was 0.78. The AUC of the PREDIMED-clinical Score was 0.66 in the validation sample (sensitivity = 85.4%; specificity = 26.6%), and was significantly higher than the FINDRISC and the GDRS in both the derivation and validation samples.


DISCUSSION
We identified classical risk factors for diabetes and developed the PREDIMED-clinical Score to determine those individuals at high risk of developing diabetes in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk. The predictive capability of the PREDIMED-clinical Score was significantly higher than the FINDRISC and GDRS, and also used fewer items in the questionnaire.
Immunotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis with the antibody catumaxomab in colon, gastric, or pancreatic cancer: an open-label, multicenter, phase I/II trial.

BACKGROUND
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is common in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and there is no effective standard treatment. We investigated the tolerability and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab in patients with PC.


METHODS
In this open-label, phase I/II clinical trial, patients with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive PC from GI cancer received 4 sequential intraperitoneal catumaxomab infusions: day 0: 10 μg; day 3: 10 or 20 μg; day 7: 30, 50, or 100 μg; and day 10: 50, 100, or 200 μg. Dose escalation was guided by dose-limiting toxicities.


RESULTS
The MTD was 10, 20, 50, and 200 μg on days 0, 3, 7, and 10, respectively. Catumaxomab had an acceptable safety profile: Most common treatment-related adverse events (at the MTD) were fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At final examination, 11/17 evaluable patients (65%) were progression free: 1 patient had a complete and 3 a partial response. Median overall survival from the time of diagnosis of PC was 502 days.


CONCLUSIONS
Intraperitoneal catumaxomab is a promising option for the treatment of PC from GI cancer.
Smart cities : A conjuncture of four forces

Despite the ongoing discussion of the recent years, there is no agreed definition of a ‘smart city’, while strategic planning in this field is still largely unexplored. Inspired by this, the purpose of this paper was to identify the forces shaping the smart city conception and, by doing so, to begin replacing the currently abstract image of what it means to be one. The paper commences by dividing the recent history of smart cities into two large sections – urban futures and the knowledge and innovation economy. The urban futures strand shows that technology has always played an important role in forward-looking visions about the city of the future. The knowledge and innovation economy strand shows that recent technological advancements have introduced a whole new level of knowledge management and innovation capabilities in the urban context. The paper proceeds to explicate the current technology push and demand pull for smart city solutions. On one hand, technology advances rapidly and creates a booming market of smart city products and solutions around it. On the other hand, there is demand on the side of cities that seek to address the problems of efficiency and sustainability, making the ground fertile for a smart city product economy. The research route of this paper eventually allows the identification of the underlying – and often forgotten – principles of what it means to be ‘smart’ in an urban context and yields conclusions about strategic planning for the development of smart cities today. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Women respondents report higher household food insecurity than do men in similar Canadian households.

OBJECTIVE
We investigated factors accounting for the consistently higher levels of household food insecurity reported by women in Canada.


DESIGN
Two cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey for the years 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 were pooled to examine the association between household food insecurity, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and other metrics, and respondent sex. We stratified households as married/cohabiting (in which case, the household respondent was chosen randomly) or non-married (single/widowed/separated/divorced) and adjusted for differences in household characteristics, including the presence of children.


SETTING
Canada.


SUBJECTS
Analysis was restricted to households dependent on employment/self-employment and whose reported annual household income was below $CAN 100,000. Exclusions included respondents less than 18 years of age, any welfare receipt, and missing food insecurity, marital status, income source and amount, or household composition data.


RESULTS
For non-married households, increased food insecurity in female- v. male-led households was accounted for by significant differences in household socio-economic characteristics. In contrast, in married/cohabiting households with or without children, higher food insecurity rates were reported when the respondent was female and neither respondent characteristics nor socio-economic factors accounted for the differences.


CONCLUSIONS
Higher rates of food insecurity in non-married households in Canada are largely attributable to women's socio-economic disadvantage. In married households, women appear to report higher levels of food insecurity than men. These findings suggest a possible bias in the measurement of population-level household food insecurity in surveys that do not account for the sex of the respondent in married/cohabiting households.
The GIS Database Construction to the Population in the Han Dynasties

This paper rises the idea of digitalization applicanon to the historical geography,with the case experience to the GIS database construction to the population of the Han Dynasties (2 A. D and 140 A. D). Combined with the thematic data source,the digital technique, and geographical analysis methods, the academic progress of historical geography is prospected.
Female Genital Mutilation: A Global Bug That Should Not Cross the Millennium Bridge

Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been practiced worldwide, clothed under the tradocultural term “circumcision.” Indications for its practice include ensuring virginity, securing fertility, securing the economic and social future of daughters, preventing the clitoris from growing long like the penis, and purely as a “tradition.” Outlawed only in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Belgium, no law forbids it in most other countries. Classified into four identified types, the current perpetrators are mainly quacks, but trained medical personnel still connive at and encourage FGM. Early complications include hemorrhage, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and tetanus. Late complications include infertility, apareunia, clitoral neuromas, and vesicovaginal fistula. Reasons for the ritual persisting include fear that legislation would force it underground and it will be performed in unsterile conditions, belief that it is racist to speak out against FGM, “tolerance” by health professionals, continued use of the term “female circumcision,” lack of awareness of the culture of immigrants by the physicians in areas where FGM is not culturally practiced, and sporadic or uncommitted eradication efforts. We believe there is no reason for the continued practice of FGM. It should incur global abolition, the same way slave trade or Victorian chastity belts have done. We advocate that in medical communications the term “female genital mutilation” be used in place of “female circumcision.” World leaders should include unacceptable cultural practices such as FGM in the “world summit” agenda. The year 1999 should be declared the year for global eradication of FGM.
Fault tolerant control of an octorotor using LPV based sliding mode control allocation

This paper presents an LPV based sliding mode fault tolerant controller for an octorotor. The scheme utilizes a combination of sliding mode methods and control allocation in order to deal with rotor faults/failures. An LPV scheme has been used to design the baseline sliding mode controller and a stability analysis has been provided for a wide coverage of operating conditions. The proposed scheme uses control allocation to take full advantage of the `redundant' rotors to redistribute the control signals to the healthy rotors when faults/failures occur. Simulation results on the nonlinear model for various fault/failure scenarios show no visible difference in comparison to the nominal fault free performance.
A controlled study of eight months of physical training and reduction of blood pressure in children: the Odense schoolchild study.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of physical training on physical fitness and blood pressure in children aged 9-11 years.


DESIGN
Prospective randomised controlled intervention study of a sample of children drawn from a population survey of coronary risk factors in children.


SETTING
Odense, Denmark.


SUBJECTS
69 children with mean blood pressure greater than or equal to 95th centile (hypertensive group) and 68 with mean blood pressure less than 95th centile (normotensive group), randomly selected from a population of 1369 children.


INTERVENTION
67 children were randomised to receive three extra lessons a week of an ordinary school physical education programme for eight months.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Physical fitness assessed by calculation of maximum oxygen uptake and blood pressure recorded by one unblinded observer.


RESULTS
After three months neither blood pressure nor physical fitness had changed significantly. After adjustment for values in weight, height, heart rate, and the variable in question before training physical fitness rose significantly at the end of eight months' training, by 3.7 mlO2/kg/min (95% confidence interval 2.2 to 5.3) in the normotensive training subgroup and by 2.1 mlO2/kg/min (0.1 to 4.2) in the hypertensive training subgroup compared with that in the controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the training subgroups fell significantly by 6.5 mm Hg (3.2 to 9.9) and 4.1 mm Hg (1.7 to 6.6) respectively in the normotensive group and by 4.9 mm Hg (0.7 to 9.2) and 3.8 mm Hg (0.9 to 6.6) respectively in the hypertensive group.


CONCLUSIONS
Physical training lowers blood pressure and improves physical fitness in children and might have implications for an important non-pharmacological approach to primary prevention of essential hypertension.
Cycle time prediction and control based on production line status and manufacturing data mining

This study aims to develop a methodology for predicting cycle time based on domain knowledge and data mining algorithms given production status including WIP, throughput. The proposed model and derived rules were validated with real data and demonstrated its practical viability for supporting production planning decisions
Voluntary Exercise Training: Analysis of Mice in Uninjured, Inflammatory, and Nerve-Injured Pain States

Both clinical and animal studies suggest that exercise may be an effective way to manage inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. However, existing animal studies commonly use forced exercise paradigms that incorporate varying degrees of stress, which itself can elicit analgesia, and thus may complicate the interpretation of the effects of exercise on pain. We investigated the analgesic potential of voluntary wheel running in the formalin model of acute inflammatory pain and the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in mice. In uninjured, adult C57BL/6J mice, 1 to 4 weeks of exercise training did not alter nociceptive thresholds, lumbar dorsal root ganglia neuronal excitability, or hindpaw intraepidermal innervation. Further, exercise training failed to attenuate formalin-induced spontaneous pain. Lastly, 2 weeks of exercise training was ineffective in reversing spared nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity or in improving muscle wasting or hindpaw denervation. These findings indicate that in contrast to rodent forced exercise paradigms, short durations of voluntary wheel running do not improve pain-like symptoms in mouse models of acute inflammation and peripheral nerve injury.
Input-to-state stability for networked control systems via an improved impulsive system approach

This paper presents a novel impulsive system approach to input-to-state stability (ISS) analysis of networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying sampling intervals and delays. This approach is based upon the new idea that an NCS can be viewed as an interconnected hybrid system composed of an impulsive subsystem and an input delay subsystem. A new type of time-varying discontinuous LyapunovKrasovskii functional, which makes full use of the information on the piecewise-constant input and the bounds of the network delays, is introduced to analyze the ISS property of NCSs. Linear matrix inequality based sufficient conditions are derived for ISS of NCSswith respect to external disturbances.When applied to the approximate tracking problem for NCSs, the derived ISS result provides bounds on the steady-state tracking error. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A systematic review of continuous renal replacement therapy and intermittent haemodialysis in management of patients with acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND
Acute renal failure (ARF) still bears a poor prognosis with mortality rates up to 70% and the ideal form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effect of dialysis modality (IHD: Intermittent haemodialysis; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy) on survival of patients with ARF and to also study the effect of each modality on dialysis dependence (DD).


METHODS
Using and combining two comprehensive search themes (ARF and RRT), we searched electronic databases from 1969 through September of 2007, supplemented by a manual review of abstracts from nephrology meetings and reference lists of review articles. All RCT comparing IHD with CRRT in adult patients with ARF and with explicit reporting of mortality were included. The primary outcome was the pooled estimate of the odds ratio (OR) of mortality for patients with ARF treated with CRRT versus IHD. The secondary outcome was OR of DD at time of discharge for surviving patients.


RESULTS
A total of 587 studies were identified, 554 of which were excluded on initial screening. Analysis of the nine RCT (1635 patients) showed an OR of 0.89 (0.63-1.24) for survival in patients on CRRT. Limiting the analysis to the seven RCT published after the year 2000, revealed an OR of 0.72 (0.58-0.90). The OR of all the studies before 2000 was 1.06 (95% CI 0.67-1.68), as compared with OR of 0.61 (95% CI 0.50-0.74) for studies post-2000. Four studies showed a significantly lower risk of DD among the CRRT group and none showed higher OR for DD. When analysis was limited to the RCT, the OR for DD was 1.07 (0.47-2.39), suggesting no difference in DD between the modalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Similar to previously reported meta-analyses, we did not find a significant effect of CRRT on the OR of survival. The progressive reduction in the OR of survival with CRRT relative to IHD might reflect progressive improvements in IHD. The OR of DD was not affected by mode of RRT. In conclusion, compared with IHD, CRRT does not offer an advantage with regards to survival or DD in ARF. Considering its cost and potential disadvantages, it is imperative to identify the subset of patients with ARF that would potentially derive maximum benefit from CRRT. This will require large, adequately powered studies with sufficient follow-up.
Political hashtag hijacking in the U.S

We study the change in polarization of hashtags on Twitter over time and show that certain jumps in polarity are caused by "hijackers" engaged in a particular type of hashtag war.
Compact Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Class, Personalised, Closed-Loop EEG-BCI

Ahstract- For many people suffering from motor disabilities, assistive devices controlled with only brain activity are the only way to interact with their environment [1]. Natural tasks often require different kinds of interactions, involving different controllers the user should be able to select in a self-paced way. We developed a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) allowing users to switch between four control modes in a self-paced way in real-time. Since the system is devised to be used in domestic environments in a user-friendly way, we selected non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), known for their ability to find the optimal features in classification tasks. We tested our system using the Cybathlon BCI computer game, which embodies all the challenges inherent to real-time control. Our preliminary results show that an efficient architecture (SmallNet), with only one convolutional layer, can classify 4 mental activities chosen by the user. The BCI system is run and validated online. It is kept up-to-date through the use of newly collected signals along playing, reaching an online accuracy of 47.6% where most approaches only report results obtained offline. We found that models trained with data collected online better predicted the behaviour of the system in real-time. This suggests that similar (CNN based) offline classifying methods found in the literature might experience a drop in performance when applied online. Compared to our previous decoder of physiological signals relying on blinks, we increased by a factor 2 the amount of states among which the user can transit, bringing the opportunity for finer control of specific subtasks composing natural grasping in a self-paced way. Our results are comparable to those showed at the Cybathlon's BCI Race but further improvements on accuracy are required.
An improved ITU-R rain attenuation prediction model over terrestrial microwave links in tropical region

An improved approach of predicting rain attenuation cumulative distribution (CD) over terrestrial microwave links operating in tropical regions is presented in this article. The proposed method offers a better extrapolation approach for determining the values of rain attenuation at different exceedance probability from the measured attenuation at 0.01% of the time. The experimental data consist of measured rainfall rates and rain attenuation over six geographically spread DIGI MINI-LINKs operating at 15 GHz in Malaysia. A new set of numerical coefficients was derived for improved rain attenuation CD predictions in the Malaysian tropical climate. In order to test the applicability of the proposed extrapolation method, a validation was performed using rain rate and rain attenuation measurements from five Brazilian and seven Nigerian tropical locations. When tested against measurements, the proposed method seems to provide a significant improvement over the current extrapolation method adopted by ITU-R Recommendations P.530-14, for the prediction of rain attenuation CD over tropical regions.
Evidence of validity in a new method for measurement of dexterity in children and adolescents.

AIM
many everyday activities involve manipulation of objects with the fingertips. Impaired performance in manipulative tasks is common in neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus accurate assessment of an individual's ability to coordinate fingertip forces is important for planning treatment. We evaluated a recently developed assessment tool (the Strength-Dexterity Test), which is based on manipulation of unstable objects, in a paediatric population.


METHOD
a Rasch model was used to examine the validity and reliability of the Strength-Dexterity Test in a sample of 56 typically developing children and adolescents (30 males, 26 females; age range 4y 10mo-17y 3mo; mean age 9y 8mo, SD 3y 8mo). In addition, we examined how performance on this test relates to widely used tests for assessment of gross manual dexterity (assessed with the Box and Blocks Test) and finger strength measured with a pinch meter.


RESULTS
the constructs measured with the 78-item Strength-Dexterity Test include dexterity and strength, and form a unique unidimensional latent trait, named fingertip force coordination, that improves with age. The test has internal scale validity when applied to a typical paediatric population. Positive correlations (significant at p<0.001) were found among all three tests.


INTERPRETATION
we provide preliminary evidence of construct validity in the Strength-Dexterity Test. Our findings suggest that this test has the potential to be developed into a promising tool for assessing dexterity in children.
Privacy-Preserving Datamining on Vertically Partitioned Databases

In a recent paper Dinur and Nissim considered a statistical database in which a trusted database administrator monitors queries and introduces noise to the responses with the goal of maintaining data privacy [5]. Under a rigorous definition of breach of privacy, Dinur and Nissim proved that unless the total number of queries is sub-linear in the size of the database, a substantial amount of noise is required to avoid a breach, rendering the database almost useless. As databases grow increasingly large, the possibility of being able to query only a sub-linear number of times becomes realistic. We further investigate this situation, generalizing the previous work in two important directions: multi-attribute databases (previous work dealt only with single-attribute databases) and vertically partitioned databases, in which different subsets of attributes are stored in different databases. In addition, we show how to use our techniques for datamining on published noisy statistics.