LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Five-year follow-up of the Sirolimus-Eluting Stents vs Vascular Brachytherapy for Bare Metal In-Stent Restenosis (SISR) trial.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical safety and efficacy outcomes of patients treated for in-stent restenosis of bare-metal stents (BMSs).


BACKGROUND
The SISR trial is a prospective, randomized trial that compared the safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) vs vascular brachytherapy (VBT) for the treatment of BMS in-stent restenosis.


METHODS
A total of 384 patients with BMS in-stent restenosis were randomized to treatment with SES (n = 259) or VBT (n = 125) and were followed for 5 years.


RESULTS
At 5 years, the rates of target lesion revascularization (TLR) had narrowed and were nonsignificant between the SES and VBT groups, with TLR rates of 24.7% and 31.2% (95% CI -16.3% to 2.8%, P = .179) respectively. Target vessel failure was 33.6% vs 36.8% (95% CI -13.5% to 6.7% P = .568) for SES compared with VBT. The rate of major adverse cardiac event at 5 years was 34.0% vs 36.8% (95% CI -13.1% to7.1%, P = .648) for the SES compared with VBT. There were no differences between SES and VBT in terms of survival free from TLR (72.9% vs 66.4%, log-rank P = .08) or from target vessel failure (64.4% vs 61.3%, log-rank P = .349). There were no significant differences in the rates of definite/probable stent thrombosis (5.9% vs 2.5%, 95% CI -7.9% to 1.3%, P = .182) between the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
At a 5-year follow-up, no differences in safety or efficacy outcomes were observed for treatment of BMS restenosis with SES vs VBT. There were no significant differences in survival free from TLR, target vessel revascularization, or major adverse cardiac events between the 2 groups at 5 years. Sirolimus-eluting stent is a viable treatment option compared with VBT for BMS restenosis.
Consumer evaluations of brand extensions : an integration of previous research

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Understanding the influence of organizational change strategies on information technology and knowledge management strategies

While discussion about knowledge management often centers around how knowledge may best be codified into an explicit format for use in decision support or expert systems, some knowledge best serves the organization when it is kept in tacit form. We draw upon the resource-based view to identify how information technology can best be used during different types of strategic change. Specifically, we suggest that different change strategies focus on different combinations of tacit and explicit knowledge that make certain types of information technology more appropriate in some situations than in others. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Role of alpha adrenergic receptors in erectile function

Penile erection is a complex physiological process in which the regulation of penile hemodynamics depends on signal input from central and peripheral nervous systems, and on the balance and interplay between several local physiological mediators (neurotransmitters, vasoactive agents and endocrine factors). A role for the sympathetic nervous system in attaining or maintaining penile flaccidity and detumescence is well recognized. However, the exact mechanisms of alpha-adrenergic receptor mediated erectile function remain poorly defined. The objective of this review is to summarize data presented in the literature and from our laboratory on alpha-adrenergic receptors, and to discuss the conceptual framework by which the alpha-adrenergic receptor pathway modulates penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle contractility. We will integrate the current state of knowledge of penile erection into one framework encompassing the biochemical and physiological pathways responsible for trabecular smooth muscle relaxation (erection) and contraction (detumescence). We will focus our discussion on local control mechanisms of alpha-adrenergic receptors and explore the following topics: (1) functional activity of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the physiology of human penile erection; (2) identification, classification and characterization of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes in human penile erectile tissue; (3) molecular mechanism of action of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in human penile erectile tissue; (4) blockade of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor action by selective and non-selective alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists (blockers); (5) physiologic (functional) antagonism of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activity by vasodilators mediating smooth muscle relaxation; and (6) key areas of consensus, as well as critical gaps in the existing scientific knowledge concerning the rationale and the potential use of alpha-blockers in erectile function.
APC mutation in the alternatively spliced region of exon 9 associated with late onset familial adenomatous polyposis

Germ-line mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Genotype-phenotype correlation studies in patients with FAP have demonstrated associations of certain variants of the disease with mutations at specific sites within the APC gene. In a large FAP family, we identified a frameshift mutation located in the alternatively spliced region of exon 9. Phenotypic studies of affected family members showed that the clinical course of FAP was delayed, with gastrointestinal symptoms and death from colorectal carcinoma occurring on average 25 and 20 years later than usual, respectively. The numbers of colorectal adenomas differed markedly among affected individuals and the location of colorectal cancer lay frequently in the proximal colon. Our findings suggest that the exon 9 mutation identified in the pedigree is associated with late onset of FAP. The atypical phenotype may be explained by the site of the mutation in the APC gene. Analysis of the APC protein product indicated that the exon 9 mutation did not result in a detectable truncated APC protein. Given the location of the mutation within an alternatively spliced exon of APC, it is conceivable that normal APC proteins are produced from the mutant allele by alternative splicing.
Are swimming or aerobic exercise better than conventional exercise in ankylosing spondylitis patients? A randomized controlled study.

AIM
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of conventional exercise (CE), swimming and walking on the pulmonary functions, aerobic capacity, quality of life, Bath indexes and psychological symptoms in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).


METHODS
Forty-five patients were randomised into either swimming (group 1), walking (group 2), CE group (group 3). Patients in Group 1 performed CE and swimming, patients in Group 2 performed CE and walking and patients in Group 3 performed CE only. Exercise sessions were performed three times a week for a period of six weeks. Patients were assessed before and after the rehabilitation program, with respect to, pulmonary function test (forced vital capacity [FVC, mL], forced expiration volume in one second [FEV1, mL], FEV1/FVC (%) and vital capacity [VC, mL]), maximal oxygen uptake (pV.O2), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Nottingham Health Profile and Beck Depression Inventory.


RESULTS
There were significant increases in pVO2 and 6MWT after treatment in Groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). FeV1, FVC and VC improved significantly with treatment in all three groups (P<0.05). A statistically significant improvement was observed in energy, emotional reaction and physical mobility sub-scores of NHP in three exercise groups after completion of the exercise program (P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Swimming, walking and CE had beneficial effects on the quality of life and pulmonary functions. Aerobic exercises such as swimming and walking in addition to CE increased functional capacities of patients.
Optimisation of machining parameters for hard machining: grey relational theory approach and ANOVA

The present paper deals with experimental investigations carried out for machinability study of hardened steel and to obtain optimum process parameters by grey relational analysis. An orthogonal array, grey relations, grey relational coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to study the performance characteristics of machining process parameters such as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and width of cut with consideration of multiple responses, i.e. volume of material removed, surface finish, tool wear and tool life. Tool wear patterns are measured using optical microscope and analysed using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction technique. Chipping and adhesion are main causes of wear. The optimum process parameters are calculated for rough machining and finish machining using grey theory and results are compared with ANOVA.
Knuth's Balanced Codes Revisited

In 1986, Don Knuth published a very simple algorithm for constructing sets of bipolar codewords with equal numbers of ¿1¿s and ¿-1¿s, called balanced codes. Knuth's algorithm is well suited for use with large codewords. The redundancy of Knuth's balanced codes is a factor of two larger than that of a code comprising the full set of balanced codewords. In this paper, we will present results of our attempts to improve the performance of Knuth's balanced codes.
Cyber Warfare : A New Doctrine and Taxonomy

arl von Clausewitz defined war as " … an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will … In order to attain this object fully, the enemy must be disarmed, and disarmament becomes therefore the immediate object of hostilities … [1]. " At the end of the second millennium, this definition no longer describes the full spectrum of modern warfare. In the near future, – with software alone – we will have the potential to make war without the use of violence and fulfill the second half of von Clauswitz's definition. Today's software-intensive systems make this possible. Cyber describes systems that use mechanical or electronic systems to replace human control. In this paper the term includes systems that incorporate software as a key control element. Cyber warfare can be executed without violence, and therefore the dependence on software intensive systems – cyber systems – can make nations vulnerable to warfare without violence. Cyber warfare is the conduct of military operations according to information-related principles [2]. However, this does not define the full degree of capabilities now possible in cyber warfare. Limiting the scope of cyber warfare to information-related principles does not describe what happens when an enemy disrupts the electrical power grid of a nation by hacking the controlling software (Figure 1). Information is not only at risk – so is the fundamental control of civilization. As technology progresses , this fundamental control will continue to devolve into networks and software-controlled electronics [3]. This transition has already occurred in aviation. Previously, 100 percent of an aircraft's performance and capabilities were defined by hardware – the physical makeup of the aircraft. Today in the most advanced aircraft, 75 percent or more of the aircraft's performance and capability is absolutely dependent on the software [4]. Without software, aircraft would not be con-trollable or reach the desired performance capabilities 1. In some cases, through software, aircraft performance is gaining limited independence from physical configuration 2. Software dependence and hardware independence are growing: modern aircraft fly-by-wire, their engines are controlled-by-wire, their weapons are fired-and dropped-by-wire. Systems that in the past were entirely hardware with mechanical control are being replaced by software with software control. Software defines the strength of modern systems, and through networking provides a basis for the integration of many disparate items. These networked software systems are under attack today, and the attacks are increasing (Figure 2). Unfortunately …
On the power of quantum computation

1 Abstract This paper surveys the use of thèhybrid argument' to prove to that quantum computations are insensitive to small perturbations. This property of quantum computations is used to establish that quantum circuits are robust against inaccuracy in the implementation of its elementary quantum gates. The insensitivity to small perturbations is also used to establish lower-bounds, including showing that relative to an oracle, the class NP requires exponential time on a quantum computer; and that quantum algorithms are polynomially related to deterministic algorithms in the black box model. 2 Introduction Quantum computation is an exciting area that lies at the foundations of both quantum physics and computer science. Quantum computers appear to violate the modern form of the Church-Turing thesis which states that Supported by a JSEP grant.
Brain-machine interface in chronic stroke rehabilitation: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE
Chronic stroke patients with severe hand weakness respond poorly to rehabilitation efforts. Here, we evaluated efficacy of daily brain-machine interface (BMI) training to increase the hypothesized beneficial effects of physiotherapy alone in patients with severe paresis in a double-blind sham-controlled design proof of concept study.


METHODS
Thirty-two chronic stroke patients with severe hand weakness were randomly assigned to 2 matched groups and participated in 17.8 ± 1.4 days of training rewarding desynchronization of ipsilesional oscillatory sensorimotor rhythms with contingent online movements of hand and arm orthoses (experimental group, n = 16). In the control group (sham group, n = 16), movements of the orthoses occurred randomly. Both groups received identical behavioral physiotherapy immediately following BMI training or the control intervention. Upper limb motor function scores, electromyography from arm and hand muscles, placebo-expectancy effects, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent activity were assessed before and after intervention.


RESULTS
A significant group × time interaction in upper limb (combined hand and modified arm) Fugl-Meyer assessment (cFMA) motor scores was found. cFMA scores improved more in the experimental than in the control group, presenting a significant improvement of cFMA scores (3.41 ± 0.563-point difference, p = 0.018) reflecting a clinically meaningful change from no activity to some in paretic muscles. cFMA improvements in the experimental group correlated with changes in fMRI laterality index and with paretic hand electromyography activity. Placebo-expectancy scores were comparable for both groups.


INTERPRETATION
The addition of BMI training to behaviorally oriented physiotherapy can be used to induce functional improvements in motor function in chronic stroke patients without residual finger movements and may open a new door in stroke neurorehabilitation.
Orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of ectodermal dysplasia — a case report

In addition to its other symptoms, ectodermal dysplasia causes anodontia and hypodontia intraorally. Partial or total anodontia results in some loss of function, such as chewing, and affects aesthetics. Prosthodontic rehabilitation can be accomplished with fixed, overdenture, complete, or implant-retained prostheses. For rehabilitation, it is crucial to know the age, number and condition of present teeth, and the state of growth of the patient. A 10-year-old male patient who visited our clinic was treated by a multi-disciplinary team of surgeons, orthodontists, and prosthodontists. An overdenture was planned, and an implant-supported prosthesis was considered for when the patient had finished growing. A clasp retained over the denture was planned for prosthetic rehabilitation after considering his growth and the number and condition of his present teeth.
Problem Definition for Pre-Crash Sensing Advanced Restraints

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Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?

CONTEXT
The Atkins diet books have sold more than 45 million copies over 40 years, and in the obesity epidemic this diet and accompanying Atkins food products are popular. The diet claims to be effective at producing weight loss despite ad-libitum consumption of fatty meat, butter, and other high-fat dairy products, restricting only the intake of carbohydrates to under 30 g a day. Low-carbohydrate diets have been regarded as fad diets, but recent research questions this view.


STARTING POINT
A systematic review of low-carbohydrate diets found that the weight loss achieved is associated with the duration of the diet and restriction of energy intake, but not with restriction of carbohydrates. Two groups have reported longer-term randomised studies that compared instruction in the low-carbohydrate diet with a low-fat calorie-reduced diet in obese patients (N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2082-90; Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 778-85). Both trials showed better weight loss on the low-carbohydrate diet after 6 months, but no difference after 12 months. WHERE NEXT?: The apparent paradox that ad-libitum intake of high-fat foods produces weight loss might be due to severe restriction of carbohydrate depleting glycogen stores, leading to excretion of bound water, the ketogenic nature of the diet being appetite suppressing, the high protein-content being highly satiating and reducing spontaneous food intake, or limited food choices leading to decreased energy intake. Long-term studies are needed to measure changes in nutritional status and body composition during the low-carbohydrate diet, and to assess fasting and postprandial cardiovascular risk factors and adverse effects. Without that information, low-carbohydrate diets cannot be recommended.
Phase I trial of weekly topotecan and gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE
This phase I trial was designed to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination of topotecan and gemcitabine given in a weekly schedule.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this single-arm, open label, dose-escalation study, we administered topotecan (0.75-1.5 mg/m) and gemcitabine (1000 mg/m) on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks to 25 patients with advanced solid tumors.


RESULTS
The topotecan MTD, when combined with gemcitabine, was 1.25 mg/m/wk. Dose-limiting toxicities consisted of febrile granulocytopenia in 2 patients at the highest dose level. At the MTD, no episodes of granulocytopenia were observed, whereas 2/9 patients exhibited grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Other common grades 3-4 adverse events across all cohorts included non-neutropenic infections, fatigue, skin reactions, vomiting, and fever. One partial response and 2 stable diseases were observed in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Disease stabilization was also observed in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (3), nonsmall cell lung cancer (1), and thymoma (1).


CONCLUSIONS
Topotecan and gemcitabine combined in a weekly schedule exhibit a favorable toxicity profile. Efficacy results support the further evaluation of this regimen in patients with head and neck cancer (particularly nasopharyngeal carcinoma).
Comparative effectiveness of standard versus patient-centered collaborative care interventions for depression among African Americans in primary care settings: the BRIDGE Study.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of standard and patient-centered, culturally tailored collaborative care (CC) interventions for African American patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) over 12 months of follow-up.


DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING
Twenty-seven primary care clinicians and 132 African American patients with MDD in urban community-based practices in Maryland and Delaware.


STUDY DESIGN
Cluster randomized trial with patient-level, intent-to-treat analyses.


DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Patients completed screener and baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month interviews to assess depression severity, mental health functioning, health service utilization, and patient ratings of care.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Patients in both interventions showed statistically significant improvements over 12 months. Compared with standard, patient-centered CC patients had similar reductions in depression symptom levels (-2.41 points; 95 percent confidence interval (CI), -7.7, 2.9), improvement in mental health functioning scores (+3.0 points; 95 percent CI, -2.2, 8.3), and odds of rating their clinician as participatory (OR, 1.48, 95 percent CI, 0.53, 4.17). Treatment rates increased among standard (OR = 1.8, 95 percent CI 1.0, 3.2), but not patient-centered (OR = 1.0, 95 percent CI 0.6, 1.8) CC patients. However, patient-centered CC patients rated their care manager as more helpful at identifying their concerns (OR, 3.00; 95 percent CI, 1.23, 7.30) and helping them adhere to treatment (OR, 2.60; 95 percent CI, 1.11, 6.08).


CONCLUSIONS
Patient-centered and standard CC approaches to depression care showed similar improvements in clinical outcomes for African Americans with depression; standard CC resulted in higher rates of treatment, and patient-centered CC resulted in better ratings of care.