LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic motion of the Philippine Sea Plate: Palaeomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia

The history of motion of the Philippine Sea Plate is poorly known because it is isolated from the oceanic ridge system. Interpretation of palaeomagnetic results from the plate has been controversial because declination data have been obtained only from the eastern margin where subduction-related tectonic processes may have caused local rather than plate-wide rotations. New palaeomagnetic data relevant to the problem have been obtained from 34 sites north of the Sorong Fault and 29 sites within the Sorong Fault system. These sites record southward movement during the Eocene and northward movement during the Neogene. Sites within the Sorong Fault system record both counterclockwise and clockwise rotations interpreted as the result of Neogene block movements at the southern boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate. North of the Sorong Fault, all sites record clockwise declinations. Neogene rocks have small deflections consistent with rotation about the present-day Eurasia-Philippine Sea Plate pole. Oligocene-middle Eocene rocks show consistent clockwise declination deflections of-40 ø . Declinations of lower Eocene rocks indicate -90 ø of clockwise rotation. We propose that the entire area north of the Sorong Fault in east Indonesia has always been part of the Philippine Sea Plate and that the whole plate has rotated clockwise in a discontinuous manner by approximately 90 ø since the early Eocene. The new data from north of the Sorong Fault provide a basis for determining rotation poles which satisfy all the palaeomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and permit its reconstruction.
Coronary endothelial dysfunction after heart transplantation predicts allograft vasculopathy and cardiac death.

BACKGROUND
Coronary endothelial dysfunction may be an early marker for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. Using serial studies with intravascular ultrasound and Doppler flow-wire measurements, we have previously demonstrated that annual decrements in coronary endothelial function are associated with progressive intimal thickening. The present study tested whether endothelial dysfunction predicts subsequent clinical events, including cardiac death and CAV development.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Seventy-three patients were studied yearly beginning at transplantation until a prespecified end point was reached. End points were angiographic evidence of CAV (>50% stenosis) or cardiac death (graft failure or sudden death). At each study, coronary endothelial function was measured with intracoronary infusions of adenosine (32-microgram bolus), acetylcholine (54 microgram over 2 minutes), and nitroglycerin (200 microgram) into the left anterior descending coronary artery; intravascular ultrasound images and Doppler velocities were recorded simultaneously. Of the 73 patients studied, 14 reached an end point during the study (6 CAV and 8 deaths, including 4 with known CAV, 1 graft failure, and 3 sudden). On the last study performed, the group with an end point had decreased epicardial (constriction of 11.1+/-2.9% versus dilation of 1.7+/-2.2%, P=0.01) and microvascular (flow increase of 75+/-20% versus 149+/-16%, P=0.03) endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine compared with the patients who did not reach an end point. Responses to adenosine and nitroglycerin did not differ significantly.


CONCLUSIONS
Endothelial dysfunction, as detected by abnormal responses to acetylcholine, preceded the development of clinical end points. These data implicate endothelial dysfunction in the development of clinically significant vasculopathy and suggest that serial studies of endothelial function have clinical utility.
VELOCITY DEPENDENCE OF JOINT FRICTION IN ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS WITH GEAR TRANSMISSIONS

This paper analyses the problem of modelling joint friction in robotic manipulators with gear transmissions at joint velocities varying from close to zero until their maximum appearing values. It is shown that commonly used friction models that incorporate Coulomb, (linear) viscous and Stribeck components are inadequate to describe the friction behaviour for the full velocity range. A new friction model is proposed that relies on insights from tribological models. The basic friction model of two lubricated discs in rolling-sliding contact is used to analyse viscous friction and friction caused by asperity contacts inside gears and roller bearings of robot joint transmissions. The analysis shows different viscous friction behaviour for gears and pre-stressed bearings. The sub-models describing the viscous friction and the friction due to the asperity contacts are combined into two friction models; one for gears and one for the pre-stressed roller bearings. In this way, a new friction model [1] is developed that accurately describes the friction behaviour in the sliding regime with a minimal and physically sound parametrisation. The model is linear in the parameters that are temperature dependent, which allows to estimate these parameters during the inertia parameter identification experiments. The model, in which the Coulomb friction effect has disappeared, has the same number of parameters as the commonly used Stribeck model [2]. The model parameters are identified experimentally on a Stäubli RX90 industrial robot.
Vitamin D status and coronary flow reserve measured by positron emission tomography: a co-twin control study.

CONTEXT
Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular events in the general population. Additionally, low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. However, little is known about the association between serum 25(OH)D level and myocardial blood flow.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured by (13)N-positron emission tomography in asymptomatic middle-aged male twins.


DESIGN
The Emory Twin Study is a cross-sectional study of soldiers from the Vietnam Era Registry.


SETTING
The study was conducted at the General Clinical Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 368 middle-aged male twins were enrolled for the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in all subjects and classified as vitamin D insufficiency [25(OH)D <30 ng/ml] or sufficiency [25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml]. Positron emission tomography with [(13)N]ammonia was used to evaluate myocardial blood flow at rest and after adenosine stress. CFR was measured as the ratio of maximum to rest myocardial blood flow.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Primary outcome was CFR measurement.


RESULTS
Mean overall serum 25(OH)D concentration was 37.0 ± 21.4 ng/ml; 167 twins (45%) were vitamin D insufficient. CFR was significantly lower in subjects with vitamin D insufficiency compared with subjects with vitamin D sufficiency (2.41 vs. 2.64; P = 0.007), even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels, and season. An abnormal CFR (CFR <2) was more prevalent in subjects with vitamin D insufficiency than with vitamin D sufficiency (31 vs. 20%; P = 0.03). In addition, in vitamin D status-discordant twin pairs, CFR was significantly lower in the vitamin D-insufficient twin than in the vitamin D-sufficient co-twin (2.35 vs. 2.58; P = 0.037).


CONCLUSION
Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with lower CFR in men. This association may help explain some of the increased cardiovascular risk reported in individuals with vitamin D insufficiency.
Ribociclib plus letrozole in early breast cancer: A presurgical, window-of-opportunity study.

OBJECTIVES
Cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4/6-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway hyperactivation is associated with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). This study assessed the biological activity of ribociclib (LEE011; CDK4/6 inhibitor) plus letrozole compared with single-agent letrozole in the presurgical setting.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Postmenopausal women (N = 14) with resectable, HR+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early BC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 2.5 mg/day letrozole alone (Arm 1), or with 400 or 600 mg/day ribociclib (Arm 2 or 3). Circulating tumor DNA and tumor biopsies were collected at baseline and, following 14 days of treatment, prior to or during surgery. The primary objective was to assess antiproliferative response per Ki67 levels in Arms 2 and 3 compared with Arm 1. Additional assessments included safety, pharmacokinetics, and genetic profiling.


RESULTS
Mean decreases in the Ki67-positive cell fraction from baseline were: Arm 1 69% (range 38-100%; n = 2), Arm 2 96% (range 78-100%; n = 6), Arm 3 92% (range 75-100%; n = 3). Decreased phosphorylated Rb levels and CDK4, CDK6, CCND2, CCND3, and CCNE1 gene expression were observed following ribociclib treatment. Ribociclib and letrozole pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with single-agent data. The ribociclib plus letrozole combination was well tolerated, with no Grade 3/4 adverse events over the treatment.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest absence of a drug-drug interaction between ribociclib and letrozole and indicate ribociclib plus letrozole may reduce Ki67 expression in HR+, HER2- BC (NCT01919229).
Mushroom crops in relation to weather in the southwestern Yukon

Epigeous mushroom production in the boreal forest ecosystem varies dramatically from year to year. We tested the hypothesis that the aboveground production of epigeous mushrooms in the Kluane region, Yukon, could be predicted by summer rainfall. There is a single crop in this part of the boreal zone with maximum production during the first 2 weeks of August. We measured standing crops from 1993 to 2007 at 13 areas along 210 km of the Alaska Highway and Haines Road in the southwestern Yukon. Aboveground mushroom crops averaged 24 kg/ha wet weight but varied from 0.0 to 117 kg/ha over the 15 years of study, with a coefficient of variation among years of 143%. Epigeous mushroom production could be predicted from June rainfall of the current year and May rainfall of the year previous with R2 = 0.85. Part of the lack of a perfect fit to rainfall was due to the constraint that years of high mushroom crops could not be followed by another high year, no matter what the rainfall pattern. We were not able to identify the species of mushrooms in this study but we confirm from natural history observations that mushrooms are a critical food for several of the small mammal species in the Yukon boreal forest.
Robust quantum gates on neutral atoms with cavity-assisted photon scattering

We propose a scheme to achieve quantum computation with neutral atoms whose interactions are catalyzed by single photons. Conditional quantum gates, including an N-atom Toffoli gate and nonlocal gates on remote atoms, are obtained through cavity-assisted photon scattering in a manner that is robust to random variation in the atom-photon coupling rate and which does not require localization in the Lamb-Dicke regime. The dominant noise in our scheme is automatically detected for each gate operation, leading to signalled errors which do not preclude efficient quantum computation even if the error probability is close to the unity.
Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials: Active near field coupling between bright superconducting and dark metallic mode resonators

Articles you may be interested in Tunable enhanced optical absorption of graphene using plasmonic perfect absorbers Appl. Numerical investigation of optical Tamm states in two-dimensional hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystal nanobeams Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials: Active near field coupling between bright superconducting and dark metallic mode resonators Appl.
A New Similarity Measure for Taxonomy Based on Edge Counting

This paper introduces a new similarity measure based on edge counting in a taxonomy like WorldNet or Ontology. Measurement of similarity between text segments or concepts is very useful for many applications like information retrieval, ontology matching, text mining, and question answering and so on. Several measures have been developed for measuring similarity between two concepts: out of these we see that the measure given by Wu and Palmer [1] is simple, and gives good performance. Our measure is based on their measure but strengthens it. Wu and Palmer [1] measure has a disadvantage that it does not consider how far the concepts are semantically. In our measure we include the shortest path between the concepts and the depth of whole taxonomy together with the distances used in Wu and Palmer [1]. Also the measure has following disadvantage i.e. in some situations, the similarity of two elements of an IS-A ontology contained in the neighbourhood exceeds the similarity value of two elements contained in the same hierarchy. Our measure introduces a penalization factor for this case based upon shortest length between the concepts and depth of whole taxonomy.
A structural equation analysis of family accommodation in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Family accommodation of symptoms is counter to the primary goals of cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and can pose an obstacle to positive treatment outcomes. Although increased attention has been given to family accommodation in pediatric OCD, relatively little is known about associated child and parent characteristics, and their mediating/moderating effects. This study examined a structural equation model of parent and child variables related to parent reports of family accommodation. Sixty-one children with OCD (ages 6-17 years, 39% female) and their parents were recruited from a university-based clinic. They were administered clinician- and parent-rated measures of child OCD symptom severity, OCD-specific impairment, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems as well as parent anxiety, depression, empathy, consideration of future consequences, and accommodation. Results generally supported the hypothesized model. Family accommodation mediated the relationship between OCD symptom severity and parent-rated functional impairment; child internalizing problems mediated the relationship between parent anxiety and family accommodation; and parent empathy and consideration of future consequences interacted to predict family accommodation. Child externalizing problems were significantly associated with family accommodation but neither of these two variables was associated with parent depression. Findings suggest that reductions in family accommodation might be maximized by routinely screening for comorbid psychopathology in children with OCD and their parents, and using prescriptive or modular approaches to intervention. Directions for future research are discussed.
Bridgeware: the air-gap malware

The challenge of combatting malware designed to breach air-gap isolation in order to leak data.
Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic agents have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. This analysis was designed to examine the relationship between drug exposure, as measured by the free-drug area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h (AUC(24))/MIC ratio, and clinical and microbiological responses in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections involving Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study population included 58 adult patients (34 males, 24 females) who were enrolled in either of two phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-blind studies of levofloxacin versus gatifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Clearance equations from previously published population pharmacokinetic models were used in conjunction with dose and adjusted for protein binding to estimate individual patient free-drug AUC(24)s. In vitro susceptibility was determined in a central laboratory by broth microdilution in accordance with NCCLS guidelines. Pharmacodynamic analyses were performed on data from all evaluable patients with documented S. pneumoniae infection using univariate and multivariable logistic regression; pharmacodynamic breakpoints were estimated using Classification and Regression Tree analysis. A statistically significant (P = 0.013) relationship between microbiological response and the free-drug AUC(24)/MIC ratio was detected. At a free-drug AUC(24)/MIC ratio of <33.7, the probability of a microbiological response was 64%, and at a free-drug AUC(24)/MIC ratio of >33.7, it was 100% (P < 0.01). These findings may provide a minimum target free-drug AUC(24)/MIC ratio for the treatment of infections involving S. pneumoniae with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and provide a paradigm for the selection of fluoroquinolones to be brought forward from drug discovery into clinical development and dose selection for clinical trials. Further, when target free-drug AUC(24)/MIC ratios are used in conjunction with stochastic modeling techniques, these findings may be used to support susceptibility breakpoints for fluoroquinolone antibiotics and S. pneumoniae.
Security models for web-based applications

The rapid proliferation of the Internet and the cost-effective growth of its key enabling technologies are revolutionizing information technology and creating unprecedented opportunities for developing largescale distributed applications. At the same time, there is a growing concern over the security of Web-based applications, which are rapidly being deployed over the Internet [4]. For example, e-commerce—the leading Web-based application—is projected to have a market exceeding $1 trillion over the next several years. However, this application has already become a security nightmare for both customers and business enterprises as indicated by the recent episodes involving unauthorized access to credit card information. Other leading Web-based applications with considerable information security and privacy issues include telemedicine-based health-care services and online services or businesses involving both public and private sectors. Many of these applications are supported by workflow management systems (WFMSs) [1]. A large number of public and private enterprises are in the forefront of adopting Internetbased WFMSs and finding ways to improve their services and decision-making processes, hence we are faced with the daunting challenge of ensuring the security and privacy of information in such Web-based applications [4]. Typically, a Web-based application can be represented as a three-tier architecture, depicted in the figure, which includes a Web client, network servers, and a back-end information system supported by a suite of databases. For transaction-oriented applications, such as e-commerce, middleware is usually provided between the network servers and back-end systems to ensure proper interoperability. Considerable security challenges and vulnerabilities exist within each component of this architecture. Existing public-key infrastructures (PKIs) provide encryption mechanisms for ensuring information confidentiality, as well as digital signature techniques for authentication, data integrity and non-repudiation [11]. As no access authorization services are provided in this approach, it has a rather limited scope for Web-based applications. The strong need for information security on the Internet is attributable to several factors, including the massive interconnection of heterogeneous and distributed systems, the availability of high volumes of sensitive information at the end systems maintained by corporations and government agencies, easy distribution of automated malicious software by malfeasors, the ease with which computer crimes can be committed anonymously from across geographic boundaries, and the lack of forensic evidence in computer crimes, which makes the detection and prosecution of criminals extremely difficult. Two classes of services are crucial for a secure Internet infrastructure. These include access control services and communication security services. Access James B.D. Joshi,
Strategies for Lean Product Development

The author acknowledges the financial support for this research made available by the Lean Aerospace Initiative at MIT sponsored jointly by the US Air Force and a consortium of aerospace companies. All facts, statements, opinions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not in any way reflect those of the Lean Aerospace Initiative, the US Air Force, the sponsoring companies and organizations (individually or as a group), or MIT. The latter are absolved from any remaining errors or shortcomings for which the author takes full responsibility. Introduction The essence of lean is very simple, but from a research and implementation point of view overwhelming. Lean is the search for perfection through the elimination of waste and the insertion of practices that contribute to reduction in cost and schedule while improving performance of products. This concept of lean has wide applicability to a large range of processes, people and organizations, from concept design to the factory floor, from the laborer to the upper management, from the customer to the developer. Progress has been made in implementing and raising the awareness of lean practices at the factory floor. However, the level of implementation and education in other areas, like product development, is very low. The Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) has been producing research in support of the military and industry since 1993 on the topic of lean and its benefits. Implementation of the research has been shown to have significant impact and interest. LAI is in a very unique situation at MIT to influence and educate world-class engineering students we have exposure to every day. This research will take advantage of this situation and produce a strategic framework for educating engineers on the front-end lean product development findings that have been produced through LAI. These include topics of understanding the customer and the product value, evaluating multidimensional risk, organizational impact on program performance, and many others. The research objectives are to: 1) synthesize the findings uncovered by LAI pertaining to non-manufacturing disciplines into a readily usable manner and 2) formulate a strategic approach for educating engineers on the tools and concepts that facilitate early problem synthesis, mission engineering, and front end product development. Overview There are six modules into which the LAI product development research has been organized. Module I is used to provide a fundamental framework of lean and its application to product development. Module II …