LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Concussions among university football and soccer players.

OBJECTIVE
A study to examine the incidence and characteristics of concussions among Canadian university athletes during 1 full year of football and soccer participation.


DESIGN
Retrospective survey.


PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred eighty Canadian university football and 240 Canadian university soccer players reporting to 1999 fall training camp. Of these, 328 football and 201 soccer players returned a completed questionnaire.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Based on self-reported symptoms, calculations were made to determine the number of concussions experienced during the previous full year of football or soccer participation, the duration of symptoms, the time for return to play, and any associated risk factors for concussions.


RESULTS
Of all the athletes who returned completed questionnaires, 70.4% of the football players and 62.7% of the soccer players had experienced symptoms of a concussion during the previous year. Only 23.4% of the concussed football players and 19.8% of the concussed soccer players realized they had suffered a concussion. More than one concussion was experienced by 84.6% of the concussed football players and 81.7% of the concussed soccer players. Examining symptom duration, 27.6% of all concussed football players and 18.8% of all concussed soccer players experienced symptoms for at least 1 day or longer. Tight end and defensive lineman were the positions most commonly affected in football, while goalies were the players most commonly affected in soccer. Variables that increased the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for football players included a history of a traumatic loss of consciousness or a recognized concussion in the past. Variables that increased the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for soccer players included a past history of a recognized concussion while playing soccer and being female.


CONCLUSIONS
University football and soccer players seem to be experiencing a significant amount of concussions while participating in their respective sports. Variables that seem to increase the odds of suffering a concussion during the previous year for football and soccer players include a history of a recognized concussion. Despite being relatively common, symptoms of concussion may not be recognized by many players.
Child Seduction and Self-Representation on the Internet

This paper presents a case study of a man charged with the offense of downloading child pornography from the Internet. He had used the Internet to traffic child pornography, and, in addition, to locate children to abuse, to engage in inappropriate sexual communication with children, and to communicate with other pedophiles. Such offenses were facilitated by self-representing in Chat rooms as both a child and an adult. The case study illustrates how such offenders move through a repertoire of offending behavior and discusses the role that the Internet can play in supporting inappropriate and disinhibited sexual behavior that victimizes children through the trading of child pornography and possible child seduction. The Internet is seen to play a unique role in allowing individuals to self-represent aspects that might otherwise remain hidden or dormant.
On the Folly of Rewarding A, While Hoping for B

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
A custodian cured the doctor!

Opinions expressed in commentaries are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the American Academy of Pediatrics or its Committees. Commentaries are not peer-reviewed.
Automatic detection of erythemato-squamous diseases using PSO-SVM based on association rules

In this paper, we develop a diagnosis model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), support vector machines (SVMs) and association rules (ARs) to diagnose erythemato-squamous diseases. The proposed model consists of two stages: first, AR is used to select the optimal feature subset from the original feature set; then a PSO based approach for parameter determination of SVM is developed to find the best parameters of kernel function (based on the fact that kernel parameter setting in the SVM training procedure significantly influences the classification accuracy, and PSO is a promising tool for global searching). Experimental results show that the proposed AR_PSO–SVM model achieves 98.91% classification accuracy using 24 features of the erythemato-squamous diseases dataset taken from UCI (University of California at Irvine) machine learning database. Therefore, we can conclude that our proposed method is very promising compared to the previously reported results. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of osteopathic and allopathic medical schools’ support for primary care

OBJECTIVE: To contrast prevailing behaviors and attitudes relative to primary care education and practice in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools.DESIGN: Descriptive study using confidential telephone interviews conducted in 1993–94. Analyses compared responses of osteopaths and allopaths, controlling for primary care orientation.SETTING: United States academic health centers.PARTICIPANTS: National stratified probability samples of first-year and fourth-year medical students, postgraduate year 2 residents, and clinical faculty in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools, a sample of allopathic deans, and a census of deans of osteopathic schools (n=457 osteopaths; n=2,045 allopaths).MEASUREMENTS: Survey items assessed personal characteristics, students’ reasons for entering medicine, learners’ primary care educational experiences, community support for primary care, and attitudes toward the clinical and academic competence of primary care physicians.MAIN RESULTS: Primary care physicians composed a larger fraction of the faculty in osteopathic schools than in allopathic schools. Members of the osteopathic community were significantly more likely than their allopathic peers to describe themselves as socioemotionally oriented rather than technoscientifically oriented. Osteopathic learners were more likely than allopathic learners to have educational experiences in primary care venues and with primary care faculty, and to receive encouragement from faculty, including specialists, to enter primary care. Attitudes toward the clinical and academic competence of primary care physicians were consistently negative in both communities. Differences between communities were sustained after controlling for primary care orientation.CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with allopathic schools, the cultural practices and educational structures in osteopathic medical schools better support the production of primary care physicians. However, there is a lack of alignment between attitudes and practices in the osteopathic community.
Adaptive modeling for large-scale advertisers optimization

Background: Advertisers optimization is one of the most fundamental tasks in paid search, which is a multi-billion industry as a major part of the growing online advertising market. As paid search is a three-player game (advertisers, search users and publishers), how to optimize large-scale advertisers to achieve their expected performance becomes a new challenge, for which adaptive models have been widely used.
Superconductivity of Thin Film Intermetallic Compounds

Abstract : Investigations of both the macroscopic and microscopic properties of thin film superconducting materials are being carried out. Compounds under study are either technologically significant or involve possible unique mechanisms for superconductivity whose realization may extend the range of critical parameters. Under study are low carrier density superconductors, selected Heavy Fermion Compounds and Chevrel phase superconductors. High-quality superconducting films of both PbTe(T1) and mixtures of La2S3-La3S4 have been prepared. These materials are low carrier density superconductors. This work is an important step in the direction of fabricating three-terminal superconducting (FET-like) devices. Films of UPt3 have been produced which exhibit superconductivity. The goal of demonstrating the nature of superconducting pairing in this heavy fermion compound using tunneling and the proximity effect is in sight. Domain wall superconductivity has been demonstrated in the ferromagnetic phase of HoMo6S8, a Chevrel phase compound which is a reentrant superconductor.
How to compute variance-based sensitivity indicators with your spreadsheet software

The use of sensitivity indicators is explicitly recommendend by authorities like the EC, the US EPA and others in model valuation and audit. In this note, we want to draw the attention to a numerical efficient algorithm that computes first order global sensitivity effects from given data using a discrete cosine transformation.
Potency, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the NS3/4A protease inhibitor BI201335 in patients with chronic HCV genotype-1 infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
BI201335 is a highly specific and potent HCV protease inhibitor. This multiple rising dose trial evaluated antiviral activity and safety in chronic HCV genotype-1 patients.


METHODS
Thirty-four treatment-naïve patients were randomized to monotherapy with placebo or BI201335 at 20-240 mg once-daily for 14 days, followed by combination with pegylated interferon alfa/ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) through Day 28. Nineteen treatment-experienced patients received 48-240 mg BI201335 once-daily with PegIFN/RBV for 28 days. HCV-RNA was measured with Roche COBAS TaqMan.


RESULTS
In treatment-naïve patients, median maximal viral load (VL) reductions during 14-day monotherapy were -3.0, -3.6, -3.7, and -4.2 log(10) for the 20, 48, 120, and 240 mg groups. VL breakthroughs (≥1 log(10) from nadir) were seen in most patients on monotherapy and were caused by NS3/4A variants (R155K, D168V) conferring in vitro resistance to BI201335. Adding PegIFN/RBV at Days 15-28 led to continuous viral load reductions in most patients. In treatment-experienced patients, treatment with BI201335 and PegIFN/RBV achieved VL<25 IU/ml at Day 28 in 3/6, 4/7, and 5/6 patients in the 48, 120, and 240 mg dose groups. VL breakthroughs were observed during triple combination in only 3/19 patients. BI201335 was generally well tolerated. Mild rash or photosensitivity was detected in four patients. Mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was the only dose-dependent laboratory abnormality of BI201335. BI201335 elimination half-life supports once-daily dosing.


CONCLUSIONS
BI201335 combined with PegIFN/RBV was well tolerated and induced strong antiviral responses. These results support further development of BI201335 in HCV genotype-1 patients.
Maps of Bounded Rationality : Psychology for Behavioral Economicst

The work cited by the Nobel committee was done jointly with Amos Tversky (1937-1996) during a long and unusually close collaboration. Together, we explored the psychology of intuitive beliefs and choices and examined their bounded rationality. Herbert A. Simon (1955, 1979) had proposed much earlier that decision makers should be viewed as boundedly rational, and had offered a model in which utility maximization was replaced by satisficing. Our research attempted to obtain a map of bounded rationality, by exploring the systematic biases that separate the beliefs that people have and the choices they make from the optimal beliefs and choices assumed in rational-agent models. The
Body composition and survival in dialysis patients: results from an international cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
High body mass index appears protective in hemodialysis patients, but uncertainty prevails regarding which components of body composition, fat or lean body mass, are primarily associated with survival.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
Data between April 2006 and December 2012 were extracted from the Fresenius Medical Care Europe subset of the international MONitoring Dialysis Outcomes initiative. Fresenius Medical Care Europe archives a unique repository of predialysis body composition measurements determined by multifrequency bioimpedance (BCM Body Composition Monitor). The BCM Body Composition Monitor reports lean tissue indices (LTIs) and fat tissue indices (FTIs), which are the respective tissue masses normalized to height squared, relative to an age- and sex-matched healthy population. The relationship between LTI and FTI and all-cause mortality was studied by Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariate Cox regression, and smoothing spline ANOVA logistic regression.


RESULTS
In 37,345 hemodialysis patients, median (25th-75th percentile) LTI and FTI were 12.2 (10.3-14.5) and 9.8 (6.6-12.4) kg/m(2), respectively. Median (25th-75th percentile) follow-up time was 266 (132-379) days; 3458 (9.2%) patients died during follow-up. Mortality was lowest with both LTI and FTI in the 10th-90th percentile (reference group) and significantly higher at the lower LTI and FTI extreme (hazard ratio [HR], 3.37; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.94 to 3.87; P<0.001). Survival was best with LTI between 15 and 20 kg/m(2) and FTI between 4 and 15 kg/m(2) (probability of death during follow-up: <5%). When taking the relation between both compartments into account, the interaction was significant (P=0.01). Higher FTI appeared protective in patients with low LTI (HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 2.94 to 3.87; P<0.001 at low LTI-low FTI, decreasing to HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.47 to 2.17; P<0.001 at low LTI-high FTI).


CONCLUSIONS
This large international study indicates best survival in patients with both LTI and FTI in the 10th-90th percentiles of a healthy population. In analyses of body composition, both lean tissue and fat tissue compartments and also their relationship should be considered.
Is socialism really “impossible”?

Abstract In the 1920s, Austrian‐school economists began to argue that in a fully socialized economy, free of competitively generated prices, central planners would have no way to calculate which methods of production would be the most economical. They claimed that this “economic calculation problem” showed that socialism is “impossible.” Although many believe that the Austrian position was later vindicated by the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the Austrian school's own methodology disallows such a conclusion. And historical evidence suggests that poor incentives—not lack of economic calculation—were the main source of the economic defects of “really existing socialism.”
Environment Perception and Motion Strategy for Transformable Legged Wheel Robot on rough terrains

The transformable legged wheel robot is capable of transforming between leg mode and wheel mode. The leg mode has better overcoming obstacle ability, whereas the wheel mode has swift maneuverability on continuous terrain. This paper presents a robust perception system and an obstacle crossing strategy for a three-mode transformable legged wheel robot in rough terrain. The proposed perception system applies different sensors to acquire the exact terrain information as well as the status of the robotic system. Binocular stereo vision is applied to generate the disparity map and extract the terrain features. The IMU and the current sensors estimate and supervise the real-time safety of the robotic system. Experiment validations of the perception system and obstacle detection are conducted in the field, which indicates that the perception system can provide both the obstacle crossing guidance and the robotic system protection for the robotic system.
Laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the effects of laryngeal surgical treatment in the voice of transgender women, especially on the fundamental frequency (f0).


STUDY DESIGN
We performed a systematic review in PubMed and Scopus in July 2016, covering the period between 2005 and 2016.


METHODS
Inclusion criteria were studies in English or Portuguese about the laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women, featuring experimental design, title, year of publication, country of origin, journal of publication, participants, intervention, results. For the meta-analysis, only studies that had control group were selected. Exclusion criteria were articles that mentioned the use of surgical techniques but did not use the procedure in research, animal studies, studies of revision, and postmortem studies.


RESULTS
Four hundred and twenty-three articles were identified in the initial search; 94 were selected for analysis by two referees, independently. After applying all the selection criteria, five studies remained in the meta-analysis. The surgical procedures that were identified included laryngoplasty with or without thyrohyoid approximation, Wendler glottoplasty, cricothyroid approximation, laser glottoplasty reduction and the vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of anterior commissure. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in relation to f0.


CONCLUSION
No randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies are available, and a small number of retrospective cohort and case-control studies of surgical techniques reveal an increase in the f0. The evidence produced is not conclusive regarding which surgical technique would be better for vocal treatment of transgender women.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
NA Laryngoscope, 127:2596-2603, 2017.
Flow and heat transfer of a third grade fluid past an exponentially stretching sheet with partial slip boundary condition

Non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching sheet with partial slip boundary condition has been studied in this paper. The flow is subject to a uniform transverse magnetic field. The heat transfer analysis has been carried out for two heating processes, namely (i) with prescribed surface temperature (PST), and (ii) prescribed heat flux (PHF). Suitable similarity transformations are used to reduce the resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation. An effective second order numerical scheme has been adopted to solve the obtained differential equations. The important finding in this communication is the combined effects of the partial slip and the third grade fluid parameters on the velocity, skin-friction coefficient and the temperature boundary layer. It is found that the third grade fluid parameter β increases the momentum boundary layer thickness and decreases the thermal boundary layer thickness.
The economics of tire remanufacturing

The world market for tires is described to identify the current material flow from raw materials to tires and the used tire disposal problem. Then, I describe the value-adding operations in the tire production process and in the tire retreading process. Once retreading is identified as the only recovery alternative that maximizes tire utilization, I explain why heat generation is the only recovery alternative, when retreading is not technically feasible. The economic values of heat generation in electric plants and in cement kilns are discussed. The paper culminates with the case of retreading, the tire remanufacturing process, and the recommendation of a simple decision rule for selecting the number of times a tire should be retreaded to maximize its utilization.
Monadic Second-Order Logic Over Rectangular Pictures and Recognizability by Tiling Systems

It is shown that a set of pictures (rectangular arrays of symbols) is recognized by a finite tiling system iff it is definable in existential monadic second-order logic. As a consequence, finite tiling systems constitute a notion of recognizability over two-dimensional inputs which at the same time generalizes finite-state recognizability over strings and also matches a natural logic. The proof is based on the Ehrenfeucht Fra@ sse technique for first-order logic and an implementation of ``threshold counting'' within tiling systems. ] 1996 Academic
Relationship of body mass index in young adulthood and health-related quality of life two decades later: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study

Objective:The expanding overweight and obesity epidemic notwithstanding, little is known about their long-term effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The main objective of this study was to investigate whether overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25 to <30 kg m−2) and obese (BMI ⩾30 kg m−2) young adults have poorer HRQoL 20 years later.Methods:We studied 3014 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a longitudinal, community-dwelling, biracial cohort from four cities. BMI was measured at baseline and 20 years later. HRQoL was assessed by the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey at year 20. Higher PCS or MCS scores indicate better HRQoL.Results:Mean year 20 PCS score was 52.2 for normal weight participants at baseline, 50.3 for overweight and 46.4 for obese (P-trend <0.001). This relation persisted after adjustment for baseline demographics, general health, and physical and behavioral risk factors and after further adjustment for 20-year changes in risk factors. No association was observed for MCS scores (P-trend 0.43).Conclusion:Overweight and obesity in early adulthood are adversely associated with self-reported physical HRQoL, but not mental HRQoL 20 years later.
Growth in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of type 1 diabetes on growth and adult height.


STUDY DESIGN
Data from 22 651 children (10 494 females) with type 1 diabetes documented at onset of the disease from specialized centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed. Patients of non-German and non-Austrian origin and patients with celiac disease were excluded from the analysis. Near-adult height data were available in 1685 patients.


RESULTS
At the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, the mean age of the 22 651 children was 8.8 ± 4.2 years, with a mean height SDS of 0.22 ± 1.0. The 1685 patients with diabetes onset before age 11 years reached a mean adult height of -0.16 ± 1.0 SDS. Mean adult height was was 167.1 ± 6.2 cm (-0.16 ± 0.97 SDS) in females (n = 846) and 179.6 ± 7.1 cm (-0.17 ± 1.0 SDS) in males (n = 839). Mean duration of diabetes was 9.1 ± 2.6 years, and mean Hemoglobin A1c concentration was 7.9% ± 1.2% (63 ± 10 mmol/mol). In a multivariate regression model, adult height was positively correlated with height at onset of diabetes (P < .0001) and negatively with mean Hemoglobin A1c (P < .0001) and duration of diabetes (P = .0015).


CONCLUSION
Height at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is above average. Even with intensive insulin therapy, growth and adult height remain indicators of metabolic diabetes control in the 21st century.