LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Decreased diastolic wall strain is associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling even in patients with normal left ventricular diastolic function

BACKGROUND
The pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction is complex, but can be simply described as impaired LV myocardial relaxation and/or increased LV stiffness. The objective of this study is to clarify true normal left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and early stage of diastolic dysfunction before relaxation abnormality develops in patients with normal LV diastolic function using simple diastolic wall strain (DWS) in South Korea.


METHODS
DWS which is a non-invasive, load-independent, and reproducible estimator of LV stiffness using two-dimensional echocardiography using the difference between posterior wall thickness in systole and diastole to approximate LV stiffness. A total of 349 consecutive patients with normal LV diastolic function by echocardiography were enrolled. According to DWS, patients were divided into two groups: high DWS (≥median 175) vs. low DWS (<median 174).


RESULTS
Patients with low DWS were more obese and showed higher blood pressure, and had more prevalent hypertension and hyperlipidemia. In addition, those with low DWS had higher LV end-systolic volume, LV mass index, E/E' and lower ejection fraction and E' velocity. Among them, higher LVESV and LVMI were independently associated with low DWS.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggests that simple DWS might be helpful in identifying a subgroup of subtle diastolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that early change of diastolic dysfunction might start with abnormal LV geographic changes preceding functional changes.
RCT of timolol maleate gel for superficial infantile hemangiomas in 5- to 24-week-olds.

OBJECTIVE
Timolol maleate 0.5% gel is a safe and effective medication for treating superficial infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in infants with a median age of 9 weeks.


METHODS
Forty-one infants who had superficial IHs without ulceration and not near mucosal surfaces were recruited and randomly assigned to placebo and treatment (timolol maleate 0.5% gel) groups. Efficacy was assessed by performing blinded volume measurements at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 and blinded investigator photograph scoring at weeks 0, 12, and 24. Safety was assessed by measuring heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.


RESULTS
Fifteen of the 19 infants receiving treatment and 17 of the 22 infants receiving placebo completed the study. Significant color change on the blinded photographic scores was noted at week 24 of the study (P = .003). There was a significantly higher proportion of treated IHs that reduced in size by >5% at weeks 20 and 24 (P < .02). The predicted proportion of IH volume change was also significantly less for treated IHs from week 16 onward when compared with placebo (P < .05). There was no significant variation in blood pressure and heart rate between the groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Topical timolol maleate 0.5% gel with a maximum dose of 0.5 mg per day is a safe and effective option for small superficial IHs that have not ulcerated and are not on mucosal surfaces.
Mobility-aware charger deployment for wireless rechargeable sensor networks

Wireless charging technology is considered as one of the promising solutions to solve the energy limitation problem for large-scale wireless sensor networks. Obviously, charger deployment is a critical issue since the number of chargers would be limited by the network construction budget, which makes the full-coverage deployment of chargers infeasible. In many of the applications targeted by large-scale wireless sensor networks, end-devices are usually equipped by the human and their movement follows some degree of regularity. Therefore in this paper, we utilize this property to deploy chargers with partial coverage, with an objective to maximize the survival rate of end-devices. We prove this problem is NP-hard, and propose an algorithm to tackle it. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly increase the survival rate of end-devices. To our knowledge, this is one of very first works that consider charger deployment with partial coverage in wireless rechargeable sensor networks.
Imaging system having White-RGB color filter array

We have developed an imaging system comprised of a sensor having White-RGB color filter array and back end image processing chain (IPC) that enables seamless integration with existing imaging solutions.
Support vector machines in remote sensing : A review

Awide range of methods for analysis of airborneand satellite-derived imagery continues to be proposed and assessed. In this paper, we review remote sensing implementations of support vector machines (SVMs), a promising machine learning methodology. This review is timely due to the exponentially increasing number of works published in recent years. SVMs are particularly appealing in the remote sensing field due to their ability to generalize well even with limited training samples, a common limitation for remote sensing applications. However, they also suffer from parameter assignment issues that can significantly affect obtained results. A summary of empirical results is provided for various applications of over one hundred published works (as of April, 2010). It is our hope that this survey will provide guidelines for future applications of SVMs and possible areas of algorithm enhancement. © 2010 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dhaka: Variational Autoencoder for Unmasking Tumor Heterogeneity from Single Cell Genomic Data.

MOTIVATION
Intra-tumor heterogeneity is one of the key confounding factors in deciphering tumor evolution. Malignant cells exhibit variations in their gene expression, copy numbers, and mutation even when originating from a single progenitor cell. Single cell sequencing of tumor cells has recently emerged as a viable option for unmasking the underlying tumor heterogeneity. However, extracting features from single cell genomic data in order to infer their evolutionary trajectory remains computationally challenging due to the extremely noisy and sparse nature of the data.


RESULTS
Here we describe 'Dhaka', a variational autoencoder method which transforms single cell genomic data to a reduced dimension feature space that is more efficient in differentiating between (hidden) tumor subpopulations. Our method is general and can be applied to several different types of genomic data including copy number variation from scDNA-Seq and gene expression from scRNA-Seq experiments. We tested the method on synthetic and 6 single cell cancer datasets where the number of cells ranges from 250 to 6000 for each sample. Analysis of the resulting feature space revealed subpopulations of cells and their marker genes. The features are also able to infer the lineage and/or differentiation trajectory between cells greatly improving upon prior methods suggested for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of such data.


AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
All the datasets used in the paper are publicly available and developed software package and supporting info is available on Github https://github.com/MicrosoftGenomics/Dhaka.
Wikipedia-based Learning Path Generation

We describe a method for automatic generation of a learning path for education or selfeducation. As a knowledge base, our method uses the semantic structure view from Wikipedia, leveraging on its broad variety of covered concepts. We evaluate our results by comparing them with the learning paths suggested by a group of teachers. Our algorithm is a useful tool for instructional design process.
The Exact renormalization group and approximate solutions

We investigate the structure of Polchinski’s formulation of the flow equations for the continuum Wilson effective action. Reinterpretations in terms of I.R. cutoff greens functions are given. A promising non-perturbative approximation scheme is derived by carefully taking the sharp cutoff limit and expanding in ‘irrelevancy’ of operators. We illustrate with two simple models of four dimensional λφ theory: the cactus approximation, and a model incorporating the first irrelevant correction to the renormalized coupling. The qualitative and quantitative behaviour give confidence in a fuller use of this method for obtaining accurate results. CERN-TH.6977/93 SHEP 92/93-27 hep-ph/9308265 August, 1993. ∗ On Leave from Southampton University, U.K.
Decision making, central coherence and set-shifting: a comparison between Binge Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls

BACKGROUND
Several studies have investigated the cognitive profile in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN); on the contrary few studies have evaluated it in patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). The purpose of this study was to compare decision making, central coherence and set-shifting between BED and AN patients.


METHODS
A battery of neuropsychological tests including the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Trial Making Task (TMT) and the Hayling Sentence Completion Task (HSCT) were administered in a sample of 135 women (45 AN, 45 BED, 45 Healthy Controls [HC]). Furthermore, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to evaluate depressive symptoms. Years of education, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and depression severity were considered as covariates in statistical analyses.


RESULTS
BED and AN patients showed high rates of cognitive impairment compared to HC on the domains investigated; furthermore, the cognitive profile of BED patients was characterised by poorer decision making and cognitive flexibility compared to patients with AN. Cognitive performance was strongly associated with depressive symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
In the present sample, two different neurocognitive profiles emerged: a strong cognitive rigidity and a central coherence based on the details was predominant in patients with AN, while a lack of attention and difficulty in adapting to changes in a new situation seemed to better describe patients with BED. The knowledge of the different cognitive profiles of EDs patients may be important for the planning their psychotherapeutic intervention.
Development and validation of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale: a brief self-report measure of anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.

This article describes the development and validation of a brief self-report scale for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Study 1 used a panel of eating-disorder experts and provided evidence for the content validity of this scale. Study 2 used data from female participants with and without eating disorders (N = 367) and suggested that the diagnoses from this scale possessed temporal reliability (mean kappa = .80) and criterion validity (with interview diagnoses; mean kappa = .83). In support of convergent validity, individuals with eating disorders identified by this scale showed elevations on validated measures of eating disturbances. The overall symptom composite also showed test-retest reliability (r = .87), internal consistency (mean alpha = .89), and convergent validity with extant eating-pathology scales. Results implied that this scale was reliable and valid in this investigation and that it may be useful for clinical and research applications.
Is cardiac autonomic modulation during upper limb isometric contraction and Valsalva maneuver impaired in COPD patients?

PURPOSE
To evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) indices and heart rate (HR) responses during isometric contraction (IC) and Valsalva maneuver (VM) in COPD patients.


METHODS
Twenty-two stable moderate to severe COPD patients were evaluated. R-R intervals were recorded (monitor Polar® S810i) during dominant upper limb IC (2 minutes). Stable signals were analyzed by Kubios HRV® software. Indices of HRV were computed in the time domain (mean HR; square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals [RMSSD] and HRV triangular index [RR tri index]) and in the frequency domain (high frequency [HF]; low frequency [LF] and LF/HF ratio). The HR responses were evaluated at rest, at the peak and at the nadir of the VM (15 seconds). The Valsalva index was also calculated.


RESULTS
During IC: time domain indices (mean HR increased [P=0.001], RMSSD, and RR tri index decreased [P=0.005 and P=0.005, respectively]); frequency domain indices (LF increased [P=0.033] and HF decreased [P=0.002]); associations were found between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) vs RMSSD (P=0.04; r=-0.55), FEV1 vs HR (P=0.04; r=-0.48), forced vital capacity (FVC) vs RMSSD (P=0.05; r=-0.62), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) vs HF (P=0.02; r=0.68). FEV1 and FVC justified 30% of mean HR. During VM: HR increased (P=0.01); the nadir showed normal bradycardic response; the Valsalva index was =0.7.


CONCLUSION
COPD patients responded properly to the upper limb IC and to the VM; however, HR recovery during VM was impaired in these patients. The severity of the disease and MIP were associated with increased parasympathetic modulation and higher chronotropic response.
Arabic Speech Recognition System Based on CMUSphinx

In this paper we present the creation of an Arabic version of Automated Speech Recognition System (ASR). This system is based on the open source Sphinx-4, from the Carnegie Mellon University. Which is a speech recognition system based on discrete hidden Markov models (HMMs). We investigate the changes that must be made to the model to adapt Arabic voice recognition.
Multiband Metamaterial-Loaded Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A simple multiband metamaterial-loaded monopole antenna suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is proposed in this letter. The rectangle monopole of the proposed antenna is originally designed to resonate at around 5.2 GHz. When the inverted-L slot is etched, the antenna produces a second resonance at around 4.1 GHz. Then, with the addition of the metamaterial reactive loading, the resonant frequency of the antenna will be shifted down, and a third resonance covering the 2.4-GHz band occurs. Consequently, the antenna can cover the 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX bands with a very compact size of only 12.9 ×6.5 mm2. Monopole-like radiation patterns and acceptable gains and efficiencies have been obtained. Details of the antenna design as well as the experimental results are presented and discussed.
Association between therapeutic alliance, care satisfaction, and pharmacological adherence in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to understand the association of specific aspects of care satisfaction, such as patients' perceived relationship with their psychiatrist and access to their psychiatrist and staff, and therapeutic alliance with participants' likelihood to adhere to their medication regimens among patients with bipolar disorder.


METHODS
We examined data from the multicenter Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder, an effectiveness study investigating the course and treatment of bipolar disorder. We expected that participants (n = 3037) with positive perceptions of their relationship with their psychiatrist and quality of psychopharmacologic care, as assessed by the Helping Alliance Questionnaire and Care Satisfaction Questionnaire, would be associated with better medication adherence. We utilized logistic regression models controlling for already established factors associated with poor adherence.


RESULTS
Patients' perceptions of collaboration, empathy, and accessibility were significantly associated with adherence to treatment in individuals with bipolar disorder completing at least 1 assessment. Patients' perceptions of their psychiatrists' experience, as well as of their degree of discussing medication risks and benefits, were not associated with medication adherence.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients' perceived therapeutic alliance and treatment environment impact their adherence to pharmacotherapy recommendations. This study may enable psychopharmacologists' practices to be structured to maximize features associated with greater medication adherence.
Postoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE
A postoperative nomogram for prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) has been independently validated as accurate and discriminating. We have updated the nomogram by extending the predictions to 10 years after RP and have enabled the nomogram predictions to be adjusted for the disease-free interval that a patient has maintained after RP.


METHODS
Cox regression analysis was used to model the clinical information for 1,881 patients who underwent RP for clinically-localized prostate cancer by two high-volume surgeons. The model was externally validated separately on two independent cohorts of 1,782 patients and 1,357 patients, respectively. Disease progression was defined as a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical progression, radiotherapy more than 12 months postoperatively, or initiation of systemic therapy.


RESULTS
The 10-year progression-free probability for the modeling set was 79% (95% CI, 75% to 82%). Significant variables in the multivariable model included PSA (P = .002), primary (P < .0001) and secondary Gleason grade (P = .0006), extracapsular extension (P < .0001), positive surgical margins (P = .028), seminal vesicle invasion (P < .0001), lymph node involvement (P = .030), treatment year (P = .008), and adjuvant radiotherapy (P = .046). The concordance index of the nomogram when applied to the independent validation sets was 0.81 and 0.79.


CONCLUSION
We have developed and validated as a robust predictive model an enhanced postoperative nomogram for prostate cancer recurrence after RP. Unique to predictive models, the nomogram predictions can be adjusted for the disease-free interval that a patient has achieved after RP.
The enemy has passed through the gate Insider threats , the dark triad , and the challenges around security

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential role that the so-called “toxic triangle” (Padilla et al., 2007) can play in undermining the processes around effectiveness. It is the interaction between leaders, organisational members, and the environmental context in which those interactions occur that has the potential to generate dysfunctional behaviours and processes. The paper seeks to set out a set of issues that would seem to be worthy of further consideration within the Journal and which deal with the relationships between organisational effectiveness and the threats from insiders. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a systems approach to the threats from insiders and the manner in which it impacts on organisation effectiveness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to stimulate further debate and discussion around the issues. Findings – The paper adds to the discussions around effectiveness by highlighting how senior managers can create the conditions in which failure can occur through the erosion of controls, poor decision making, and the creation of a culture that has the potential to generate failure. Within this setting, insiders can serve to trigger a series of failures by their actions and for which the controls in place are either ineffective or have been by-passed as a result of insider knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The issues raised in this paper need to be tested empirically as a means of providing a clear evidence base in support of their relationships with the generation of organisational ineffectiveness. Practical implications – The paper aims to raise awareness and stimulate thinking by practising managers around the role that the “toxic triangle” of issues can play in creating the conditions by which organisations can incubate the potential for crisis. Originality/value – The paper seeks to bring together a disparate body of published work within the context of “organisational effectiveness” and sets out a series of dark characteristics that organisations need to consider if they are to avoid failure. The paper argues the case that effectiveness can be a fragile construct and that the mechanisms that generate failure also need to be actively considered when discussing what effectiveness means in practice.
Methodologies in creating skin substitutes

The creation of skin substitutes has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality of skin wounds. Although there are still a number of disadvantages of currently available skin substitutes, there has been a significant decline in research advances over the past several years in improving these skin substitutes. Clinically most skin substitutes used are acellular and do not use growth factors to assist wound healing, key areas of potential in this field of research. This article discusses the five necessary attributes of an ideal skin substitute. It comprehensively discusses the three major basic components of currently available skin substitutes: scaffold materials, growth factors, and cells, comparing and contrasting what has been used so far. It then examines a variety of techniques in how to incorporate these basic components together to act as a guide for further research in the field to create cellular skin substitutes with better clinical results.
Semi-Supervised Multitask Learning on Multispectral Satellite Images Using Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Predicting Poverty

Obtaining reliable data describing local poverty metrics at a granularity that is informative to policy-makers requires expensive and logistically difficult surveys, particularly in the developing world. Not surprisingly, the poverty stricken regions are also the ones which have a high probability of being a war zone, have poor infrastructure and sometimes have governments that do not cooperate with internationally funded development efforts. We train a CNN on free and publicly available daytime satellite images of the African continent from Landsat 7 to build a model for predicting local economic livelihoods. Only 5% of the satellite images can be associated with labels (which are obtained from DHS Surveys) and thus a semi-supervised approach using a GAN [33], albeit with a more stable-totrain flavor of GANs called the Wasserstein GAN regularized with gradient penalty [15] is used. The method of multitask learning is employed to regularize the network and also create an end-to-end model for the prediction of multiple poverty metrics.