LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda

0963-8687/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2012.04.003 q I am very grateful to the reviewer team at JSIS, Bo Sebastian Spaeth, and Stefan Haefliger, for excellent Science Foundation (Grant 100014-125513). ⇑ Tel.: +41 44 632 88 50; fax: +41 44 632 10 45. E-mail address: gvkrogh@ethz.ch Knowledge management is commonly understood as IS implementations that enable processes of knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. Knowledge management at the firm level is changing rapidly. Previous approaches included centrally managed, proprietary knowledge repositories, often involving structured and controlled search and access. Today the trend is toward knowledge management by social software, which provides open and inexpensive alternatives to traditional implementations. While social software carries great promise for knowledge management, this also raises fundamental questions about the very essence and value of firm knowledge, the possibility for knowledge protection, firm boundaries, and the sources of competitive advantage. I draft a strategic research agenda consisting of five fundamental issues that should reinvigorate research in knowledge management. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Analogical Reasoning: What Develops? A Review of Research and Theory

GOSWAMI, USHA. Analogical Reasoning,: What Develops? A Review of Research and Theory. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1991, 62, 1-22. Analogical reasoning in children has been measured in 2 ways, either using the classical a:b::c:d item analogy task found on IQ tests, or by asking children to solve target problems after learning about analogous problems and their solutions. Theories based on the 2 kinds of measure are discussed and the evidence for them is assessed. It is concluded that structural views of analogical development, which have traditionally suggested that analogical reasoning is late developing, are wrong. Knowledge-based accounts of what develops are more appealing but cannot completely explain failures on analogical tasks. An account of analogical development that allows early analogical competence but that also postulates the later development pi metalogical skills may provide the best account of the data. ^
Unsupervised Method for the Authorship Identification Task

This paper presents an approach for tackling the authorship identification task. The approach is based on comparing the similarity between a given unknown document against the known documents using a number of different phrase-level and lexical-syntactic features, so that an unknown document can be classified as having been written by the same author, if the different similarity measures obtained are close to a predetermined threshold for each language in the task. The method has shown competitive results, achieving the overall 6th place in the competition ranking.
America's best medical schools: a critique of the U.S. News & World Report rankings.

Rankings of American medical schools published annually by the news magazine U.S. News & World Report are widely used to judge the quality of the schools and their programs. The authors describe and then critique the rankings on methodologic and conceptual grounds, arguing that the annual U.S. News medical school evaluation falls short in both areas. Three categories of program quality indicators different from those used by U.S. News are presented as alternative ways to judge medical schools. The authors conclude that the annual U.S. News & World Report rankings of American medical schools are ill-conceived; are unscientific; are conducted poorly; ignore medical school accreditation; judge medical school quality from a narrow, elitist perspective; and do not consider social and professional outcomes in program quality calculations. The medical school rankings have no practical value and fail to meet standards of journalistic ethics.
KisBot : New Spherical Robot with Arms

A new type of spherical robot, called KisBot, is presented that includes arms and two types of driving mode: rolling and wheeling. In the rolling mode, the robot uses its arms as pendulums and works like a pendulum-driven robot, while in the wheeling mode, it extends its arms to the ground and works like a one-wheel car. The basic design idea of KisBot is introduced and a prototype is implemented. The robot has a wheel-shaped body between two rotating semi-spheres. Each semi-sphere contains one DC motor for propulsion in the rolling mode and wheeling mode, one RC motor for arm extension, a speed controller for changing the direction of the arm rotation, a battery as the power source, and the mechanical components of the arm. Experiments using the rolling mode and wheeling mode verify the driving efficiency of the proposed spherical robot. Key-Words: Spherical robot, Rolling robot, Deformable robot, Locomotion, Motion generation.
Integral-Type Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Control for Attitude Stabilization of Spacecraft

Two fault-tolerant control (FTC) schemes for spacecraft attitude stabilization with external disturbances are proposed in this brief. The approach is based on integral-type sliding mode control strategy to compensate for actuator faults without controller reconfiguration. First, a basic integral-type sliding mode FTC scheme is designed so that sliding manifold can be maintained from the very beginning. Once the system enters the sliding mode, the dynamics of the closed-loop system with actuator fault is identical to that of the nominal healthy system. Second, the integral-type sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is incorporated with adaptive technique to accommodate actuator faults so that the required boundary information can be relaxed. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes against actuator faults is demonstrated in simulation.
Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool

BACKGROUND
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD.


METHODS
The adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and backward translations in duplicate. Content validity was assessed by interrater agreement. Criteria validity was explored using ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and negative value for different cut-off values were determined. Concurrent validity was also explored using the HAM-A, HADS, and WHO-DAS-II scales.


RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 212 subjects (106 patients with GAD) with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD = 16.76). Average completion time was 2'30''. No items of the scale were left blank. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. No patients with GAD had to be assisted to fill in the questionnaire. The scale was shown to be one-dimensional through factor analysis (explained variance = 72%). A cut-off point of 10 showed adequate values of sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (93.4%), with AUC being statistically significant [AUC = 0.957-0.985); p < 0.001]. The scale significantly correlated with HAM-A (0.852, p < 0.001), HADS (anxiety domain, 0.903, p < 0.001), and WHO-DAS II (0.696, p > 0.001).


LIMITATIONS
Elderly people, particularly those very old, may need some help to complete the scale.


CONCLUSION
After the cultural adaptation process, a Spanish version of the GAD-7 scale was obtained. The validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.
Evidence-based practice: beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of physical therapists.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Little research has been done regarding the attitudes and behaviors of physical therapists relative to the use of evidence in practice. The purposes of this study were to describe the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of physical therapist members of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) as they relate to evidence-based practice (EBP) and to generate hypotheses about the relationship between these attributes and personal and practice characteristics of the respondents.


METHODS
A survey of a random sample of physical therapist members of APTA resulted in a 48.8% return rate and a sample of 488 that was fairly representative of the national membership. Participants completed a questionnaire designed to determine beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding EBP, as well as demographic information about themselves and their practice settings. Responses were summarized for each item, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships among variables.


RESULTS
Respondents agreed that the use of evidence in practice was necessary, that the literature was helpful in their practices, and that quality of patient care was better when evidence was used. Training, familiarity with and confidence in search strategies, use of databases, and critical appraisal tended to be associated with younger therapists with fewer years since they were licensed. Seventeen percent of the respondents stated they read fewer than 2 articles in a typical month, and one quarter of the respondents stated they used literature in their clinical decision making less than twice per month. The majority of the respondents had access to online information, although more had access at home than at work. According to the respondents, the primary barrier to implementing EBP was lack of time.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Physical therapists stated they had a positive attitude about EBP and were interested in learning or improving the skills necessary to implement EBP. They noted that they needed to increase the use of evidence in their daily practice.
Particle swarm optimization-based algorithms for TSP and generalized TSP

A novel particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is presented. An uncertain searching strategy and a crossover eliminated technique are used to accelerate the convergence speed. Compared with the existing algorithms for solving TSP using swarm intelligence, it has been shown that the size of the solved problems could be increased by using the proposed algorithm. Another PSO-based algorithm is proposed and applied to solve the generalized traveling salesman problem by employing the generalized chromosome. Two local search techniques are used to speed up the convergence. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
High-frequency small signal AC and noise modeling of MOSFETs for RF IC design

In this paper, high-frequency (HF) AC and noise modeling of MOSFETs for radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit (IC) design is discussed. A subcircuit RF model incorporating the HF effects of parasitics is presented. This model is compared with the measured data for both parameter and characteristics. Good model accuracy is achieved against measurements for a 0.25 m RF CMOS technology. The HF noise predictivity of the model is also examined with measured data. Furthermore, a methodology to extract the channel thermal noise of MOSFETs from HF noise measurements is presented. By using the extracted channel thermal noise, any thermal noise models can be verified directly. Several noise models including the RF model discussed in this paper have been examined, and the results show that the RF model can predict the channel thermal noise better than the other models.
Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective.

There has been a great increase in literature concerned with the effects of a variety of mental training regimes that generally fall within what might be called contemplative practices, and a majority of these studies have focused on mindfulness. Mindfulness meditation practices can be conceptualized as a set of attention-based, regulatory, and self-inquiry training regimes cultivated for various ends, including wellbeing and psychological health. This article examines the construct of mindfulness in psychological research and reviews recent, nonclinical work in this area. Instead of proposing a single definition of mindfulness, we interpret it as a continuum of practices involving states and processes that can be mapped into a multidimensional phenomenological matrix which itself can be expressed in a neurocognitive framework. This phenomenological matrix of mindfulness is presented as a heuristic to guide formulation of next-generation research hypotheses from both cognitive/behavioral and neuroscientific perspectives. In relation to this framework, we review selected findings on mindfulness cultivated through practices in traditional and research settings, and we conclude by identifying significant gaps in the literature and outline new directions for research.
Resistance training with soy vs whey protein supplements in hyperlipidemic males

BACKGROUND
Most individuals at risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) can reduce risk factors through diet and exercise before resorting to drug treatment. The effect of a combination of resistance training with vegetable-based (soy) versus animal-based (whey) protein supplementation on CVD risk reduction has received little study. The study's purpose was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training with soy versus whey protein supplementation on strength gains, body composition and serum lipid changes in overweight, hyperlipidemic men.


METHODS
Twenty-eight overweight, male subjects (BMI 25-30) with serum cholesterol >200 mg/dl were randomly divided into 3 groups (placebo (n = 9), and soy (n = 9) or whey (n = 10) supplementation) and participated in supervised resistance training for 12 weeks. Supplements were provided in a double blind fashion.


RESULTS
All 3 groups had significant gains in strength, averaging 47% in all major muscle groups and significant increases in fat free mass (2.6%), with no difference among groups. Percent body fat and waist-to-hip ratio decreased significantly in all 3 groups an average of 8% and 2%, respectively, with no difference among groups. Total serum cholesterol decreased significantly, again with no difference among groups.


CONCLUSION
Participation in a 12 week resistance exercise training program significantly increased strength and improved both body composition and serum cholesterol in overweight, hypercholesterolemic men with no added benefit from protein supplementation.
Higher-order social cognition in first-episode major depression

Patients suffering from major depression experience difficulties in multiple cognitive faculties. A growing body of research has linked affective disorders to abnormalities in social cognition and specifically the processing of discrete emotional stimuli. However, little inquiry has gone into possible impairment in higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition. Forty-four medication-naïve patients with first-episode unipolar major depressive disorder and an equal number of matched controls were assessed by the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A), The Frith-Happé animations (FHA) and The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). Additionally, neurocognition was assessed utilyzing the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Depressed patients showed impairment in all domains of higher-order social cognitive ability. Importantly, social cognitive variables retained their inter-group significance after controlling for possible covariates including neurocognition. Results indicate that first-episode depressed patients experience difficulties in all domains of higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition.
A comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the UK FIM + FAM

PURPOSE
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the UK FIM + FAM.


METHODS
(a) A systematic literature review integrating the evidence for psychometric qualities of both the original and UK versions, and (b) exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of admission/discharge data from an inpatient general neuro-rehabilitation cohort using parametric and non-parametric techniques. A prospective cohort of 459 patients with a male:female ratio of 57:43 and mean age of 44.5 (SD 14.3) years participated in this study.


RESULTS
Seven published articles together demonstrated acceptable utility, concurrent validity, inter-rater reliability and responsiveness of the UK FIM + FAM. Factor analysis demonstrated that all items loaded high (>0.58) on the first principal component and distinct motor and cognitive factors emerged after rotation. A four-factor solution also demonstrated four distinct, interpretable dimensions (Physical, Psychosocial, Communication and Extended Activities of Everyday Living (EADL)). Mokken analysis of the second data set confirmed these dimensions. Cronbach's αs were 0.97 and 0.96 for the motor and cognitive domains and 0.90-0.97 for the subscales. Analysis of responsiveness demonstrated "large" effect sizes (0.86-1.29).


CONCLUSIONS
The UK FIM + FAM, including the newer EADL module, is a valid, reliable scale of functional independence. It has high internal consistency in two domains and four subscales and is responsive to changes occurring in a general inpatient neuro-rehabilitation population.


IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
The UK FIM + FAM is a valid, reliable scale of functional independence, which is responsive to changes occurring in a general inpatient neuro-rehabilitation population. It can be used to derive a reliable, single score of overall independence and also yields specific information in two main domains and four separate subscales of independence: Physical, Psychosocial, Communication and Extended Activities of Daily Living (EADL). The newer EADL item module provides added value, measuring functional independence for community-based activities.
The role of social presence in establishing loyalty in e-Service environments

Compared to offline shopping, the online shopping experience may be viewed as lacking human warmth and sociability as it is more impersonal, anonymous, automated and generally devoid of face-to-face interactions. Thus, understanding how to create customer loyalty in online environments (e-Loyalty) is a complex process. In this paper a model for e-Loyalty is proposed and used to examine how varied conditions of social presence in a B2C e-Services context influence e-Loyalty and its antecedents of perceived usefulness, trust and enjoyment. This model is examined through an empirical study involving 185 subjects using structural equation modeling techniques. Further analysis is conducted to reveal gender differences concerning hedonic elements in the model on e-Loyalty. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Us and them: identifying cyber hate on Twitter across multiple protected characteristics

Hateful and antagonistic content published and propagated via the World Wide Web has the potential to cause harm and suffering on an individual basis, and lead to social tension and disorder beyond cyber space. Despite new legislation aimed at prosecuting those who misuse new forms of communication to post threatening, harassing, or grossly offensive language - or cyber hate - and the fact large social media companies have committed to protecting their users from harm, it goes largely unpunished due to difficulties in policing online public spaces. To support the automatic detection of cyber hate online, specifically on Twitter, we build multiple individual models to classify cyber hate for a range of protected characteristics including race, disability and sexual orientation. We use text parsing to extract typed dependencies, which represent syntactic and grammatical relationships between words, and are shown to capture ‘othering’ language - consistently improving machine classification for different types of cyber hate beyond the use of a Bag of Words and known hateful terms. Furthermore, we build a data-driven blended model of cyber hate to improve classification where more than one protected characteristic may be attacked (e.g. race and sexual orientation), contributing to the nascent study of intersectionality in hate crime.
Why do dentists struggle with removable partial denture design? An assessment of financial and educational issues

Aim Published studies in the international dental literature illustrate that the quality of prescription and fabrication of cobalt-chromium removable partial dentures (CCRPDs) by general dental practitioners frequently fail to comply with ethical and legal requirements. The reasons cited for this in the past have broadly related to either financial or educational issues. The aim of this investigation is to determine the effect of financial and educational factors on the quality of CCRPD design and fabrication by general dental practitioners.Materials and methods This investigation was completed in two parts. (1) A pre-piloted pro-forma was distributed to a number of dental laboratories throughout the UK and Ireland. These sought information relating to the quality of written instructions for CCRPDs received by these laboratories, and details of the remunerative scheme under which they were being provided. Three categories of remunerative scheme were considered, private CCRPDs in Ireland, private CCRPDs in the UK, and CCRPDs being provided by salaried NHS practitioners. (2) A pre-piloted questionnaire was distributed to vocational dental practitioners in the UK and Ireland. This sought information relating to their attitudes, opinions, and educational and clinical experiences of CCRPD design and fabrication.Results (1) Three hundred completed pro-formas were returned from dental laboratories, 100 of which related to each of the three remunerative schemes. Poor or no written instructions were provided in 47% (n = 47) of CCRPD cases funded privately in the UK, 46% (n = 46) of CCRPD cases funded privately in Ireland, and 50% (n = 50) of CCRPDs being provided by salaried NHS practitioners. (2) One hundred and seven completed questionnaires were returned from vocational trainees. Vocational dental practitioners had completed fewer CCRPDs during VT than in dental school (dental school: median = 4, inter-quartile range = 3 to 5; VT: median = 2, inter-quartile range = 1 to 4). One-fifth of respondents (n = 22) had not completed any CCRPDs during VT. Nine per cent of VT practices (n = 10) had a surveyor on their premises. Only 15% (n = 16) of respondents felt the time they had spent in VT had increased their confidence in the design of CCRPDs.Conclusion Financial factors did not have as significant an effect on the quality of prescription and fabrication of CCRPDs as did educational factors. Serious deficiencies in the teaching of CCRPDs during vocational training were identified.