LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen versus Ibuprofen in Young Children with Mild Persistent Asthma.

BACKGROUND
Studies have suggested an association between frequent acetaminophen use and asthma-related complications among children, leading some physicians to recommend that acetaminophen be avoided in children with asthma; however, appropriately designed trials evaluating this association in children are lacking.


METHODS
In a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial, we enrolled 300 children (age range, 12 to 59 months) with mild persistent asthma and assigned them to receive either acetaminophen or ibuprofen when needed for the alleviation of fever or pain over the course of 48 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of asthma exacerbations that led to treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. Children in both groups received standardized asthma-controller therapies that were used in a simultaneous, factorially linked trial.


RESULTS
Participants received a median of 5.5 doses (interquartile range, 1.0 to 15.0) of trial medication; there was no significant between-group difference in the median number of doses received (P=0.47). The number of asthma exacerbations did not differ significantly between the two groups, with a mean of 0.81 per participant with acetaminophen and 0.87 per participant with ibuprofen over 46 weeks of follow-up (relative rate of asthma exacerbations in the acetaminophen group vs. the ibuprofen group, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.28; P=0.67). In the acetaminophen group, 49% of participants had at least one asthma exacerbation and 21% had at least two, as compared with 47% and 24%, respectively, in the ibuprofen group. Similarly, no significant differences were detected between acetaminophen and ibuprofen with respect to the percentage of asthma-control days (85.8% and 86.8%, respectively; P=0.50), use of an albuterol rescue inhaler (2.8 and 3.0 inhalations per week, respectively; P=0.69), unscheduled health care utilization for asthma (0.75 and 0.76 episodes per participant, respectively; P=0.94), or adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Among young children with mild persistent asthma, as-needed use of acetaminophen was not shown to be associated with a higher incidence of asthma exacerbations or worse asthma control than was as-needed use of ibuprofen. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; AVICA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01606319.).
Adoption of E-Commerce Applications in SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors within the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework that affect the decision to adopt electronic commerce (EC) and extent of EC adoption, as well as adoption and non-adoption of different EC applications within smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data from 235 managers or owners of manufacturing SMEs in Iran. The data were analyzed by employing factorial analysis and relevant hypotheses were derived and tested by multiple and logistic regression analysis. Findings – EC adoption within SMEs is affected by perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, CEO’s innovativeness, information intensity, buyer/supplier pressure, support from technology vendors, and competition. Similarly, description on determinants of adoption and non-adoption of different EC applications has been provided. Research limitations/implications – Cross-sectional data of this research tend to have certain limitations when it comes to explaining the direction of causality of the relationships among the variables, which will change overtime. Practical implications – The findings offer valuable insights to managers, IS experts, and policy makers responsible for assisting SMEs with entering into the e-marketplace. Vendors should collaborate with SMEs to enhance the compatibility of EC applications with these businesses. To enhance the receptiveness of EC applications, CEOs, innovativeness and perception toward EC advantages should also be aggrandized. Originality/value – This study is perhaps one of the first to use a wide range of variables in the light of TOE framework to comprehensively assess EC adoption behavior, both in terms of initial and post-adoption within SMEs in developing countries, as well adoption and non-adoption of simple and advanced EC applications such as electronic supply chain management systems.
The Mangroves of the Zambezi Delta: Increase in Extent Observed via Satellite from 1994 to 2013

Mangroves are recognized for their valued ecosystem services provision while having the highest carbon density among forested ecosystems. Yet they are increasingly threatened by deforestation, conversion to agriculture and development, reducing the benefits they provide for local livelihoods, coastal protection and climate change mitigation. Accordingly, accurate estimates of mangrove area and change are fundamental for developing strategies for sustainable use, conservation and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+). The Zambezi River Delta in Mozambique contains one of the largest mangrove forests in Africa, and deforestation has been reported to be substantial, however these estimates vary widely. We used Landsat imagery from 1994, 2000 and 2013, to estimate a total current mangrove area of 37,034 ha, which is a net increase of 3723 ha over 19 years. The land cover change assessment was also used to provide perspective on ecosystem carbon stocks, showing that the Zambezi Delta mangrove ecosystem acts as a large carbon sink. Our findings reinforce the importance of conducting land cover change assessments using coherent data and analytical models, coupled with field validation. Broader application of our approach could help quantify the rates of natural change from erosion and land aggradation contrasted with anthropogenic causes.
Cognitive Stigmergy: A Framework Based on Agents and Artifacts

Stigmergy has been variously adopted in MAS (multi-agent systems) and in other fields as well—as a technique for realising forms of emergent coordination in societies composed by a large amount of typically simple, ant-like, non-rational agents. In this article we introduce a conceptual and engineering framework for exploring the use of stigmergy in the context of societies composed by cognitive / rational agents, as a means for supporting high-level, knowledge-based social activities. We refer to this kind of stigmergy as cognitive stigmergy. Cognitive stigmergy is based on the use of suitable engineered artifacts as tools populating and structuring the agent working environment, and which agents perceive, share and rationally use for their individual goals. Artifacts are first-class entities representing the environment that mediates agent interaction and enables emergent coordination: as such, they can be used to encapsulate and enact the stigmergic mechanisms and the shared knowledge upon which emergent coordination processes are based. In this seminal paper, we introduce an agent-based framework for cognitive stigmergy based on artifacts. After discussing the main conceptual issues—the notion of cognitive stigmergy, the role of artifacts—, we sketch an abstract architecture for cognitive stigmergy, and we consider its implementation upon the TuCSoN agent coordination infrastructure.
Large area 3D reconstructions from underwater surveys

Robotic underwater vehicles can perform vast optical surveys of the ocean floor. Scientists value these surveys since optical images offer high levels of information and are easily interpreted by humans. Unfortunately the coverage of a single image is limited by absorption and backscatter while what is needed is an overall view of the survey area. Recent work on underwater mosaics assume planar scenes and are applicable only to situations without much relief. We present a complete and validated system for processing optical images acquired from an underwater robotic vehicle to form a 3D reconstruction of the ocean floor. Our approach is designed for the most general conditions of wide-baseline imagery (low overlap and presence of significant 3D structure) and scales to hundreds of images. We only assume a calibrated camera system and a vehicle with uncertain and possibly drifting pose information (e.g. a compass, depth sensor and a Doppler velocity log). Our approach is based on a combination of techniques from computer vision, photogrammetry and robotics. We use a local to global approach to structure from motion, aided by the navigation sensors on the vehicle to generate 3D submaps. These submaps are then placed in a common reference frame that is refined by matching overlapping submaps. The final stage of processing is a bundle adjustment that provides the 3D structure, camera poses and uncertainty estimates in a consistent reference frame. We present results with ground-truth for structure as well as results from an oceanographic survey over a coral reef covering an area of approximately one hundred square meters.
Impulsivity and aggressiveness in bipolar disorder with co-morbid borderline personality disorder

Few studies to date have been performed to investigate impulsivity and aggressivity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD); the primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of co-morbidity of BPD on impulsivity and aggressivity in patients affected by BD. A total of 57 patients (male=20, female=37) affected by BD (BD-I 51%; BD-II 49%) in clinical stable remission were recruited; 28 patients were affected by BD (49.1%), 18 by BD and BPD (31.6%) and 11 (19.3%) by BD plus other personality disorders (OPD) (19.3%). They were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-I and SCID-II, and were evaluated by means of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-severity and Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scales, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Mean total scores were significantly higher among BD/BPD patients with respect to BD and to BD/OPD, both on the BIS-11 and the AQ; the rate of attempted suicides was approximately three times higher in BD/BPD patients with respect to BD and 7.6 times higher than in BD/OPD patients. The results of our study suggest that patients with co-morbid BD and BPD are more impulsive and aggressive. Furthermore, this co-morbid condition may be a risk factor for suicidality.
angiogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle Voluntary running induces fiber type-specific

[PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , November 1, 2007; 103 (5): 1815-1823. J Appl Physiol M. J. Lyon, L. M. Steer and L. T. Malmgren human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Stereological estimates indicate that aging does not alter the capillary length density in the [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , July 1, 2008; 295 (1): C288-C292. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol T. Akimoto, P. Li and Z. Yan exercise by in vivo imaging Functional interaction of regulatory factors with the Pgc-1{alpha} promoter in response to [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , December 15, 2008; 586 (24): 6021-6035. J. Physiol. K. A. Zwetsloot, L. M. Westerkamp, B. F. Holmes and T. P. Gavin necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , May 1, 2009; 106 (5): 1660-1667. J Appl Physiol L. E. Wong, T. Garland Jr., S. L. Rowan and R. T. Hepple mice Anatomic capillarization is elevated in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of mighty mini [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , June 1, 2009; 94 (6): 749-760. Exp Physiol M. H. Malek and I. M. Olfert exercise capacity in mice Global deletion of thrombospondin-1 increases cardiac and skeletal muscle capillarity and
A survey of mindset theories of intelligence and medical error self-reporting among pediatric housestaff and faculty.

BACKGROUND
Intelligence theory research has illustrated that people hold either "fixed" (intelligence is immutable) or "growth" (intelligence can be improved) mindsets and that these views may affect how people learn throughout their lifetime. Little is known about the mindsets of physicians, and how mindset may affect their lifetime learning and integration of feedback. Our objective was to determine if pediatric physicians are of the "fixed" or "growth" mindset and whether individual mindset affects perception of medical error reporting. 


METHODS
We sent an anonymous electronic survey to pediatric residents and attending pediatricians at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Respondents completed the "Theories of Intelligence Inventory" which classifies individuals on a 6-point scale ranging from 1 (Fixed Mindset) to 6 (Growth Mindset). Subsequent questions collected data on respondents' recall of medical errors by self or others.


RESULTS
We received 176/349 responses (50 %). Participants were equally distributed between mindsets with 84 (49 %) classified as "fixed" and 86 (51 %) as "growth". Residents, fellows and attendings did not differ in terms of mindset. Mindset did not correlate with the small number of reported medical errors.


CONCLUSIONS
There is no dominant theory of intelligence (mindset) amongst pediatric physicians. The distribution is similar to that seen in the general population. Mindset did not correlate with error reports.
Trends in ship electric propulsion

Since the 1980s there has been an explosion in the number and variety of electric propulsion ships being built around the world with everything from cruise liners to amphibious assault ships adopting electric propulsion. This technology revolution has occurred, largely un-noticed outside the marine industry. This paper briefly describes what has transpired in recent decades, why the resurgence is occurring and what the future may hold for electrically propelled ships.
A Study of the Hydration of the Alkali Metal Ions
in Aqueous Solution

The hydration of the alkali metal ions in aqueous solution has been studied by large angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and double difference infrared spectroscopy (DDIR). The structures of the dimethyl sulfoxide solvated alkali metal ions in solution have been determined to support the studies in aqueous solution. The results of the LAXS and DDIR measurements show that the sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium ions all are weakly hydrated with only a single shell of water molecules. The smaller lithium ion is more strongly hydrated, most probably with a second hydration shell present. The influence of the rubidium and cesium ions on the water structure was found to be very weak, and it was not possible to quantify this effect in a reliable way due to insufficient separation of the O-D stretching bands of partially deuterated water bound to these metal ions and the O-D stretching bands of the bulk water. Aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium and cesium iodide and cesium and lithium hydroxide have been studied by LAXS and M-O bond distances have been determined fairly accurately except for lithium. However, the number of water molecules binding to the alkali metal ions is very difficult to determine from the LAXS measurements as the number of distances and the temperature factor are strongly correlated. A thorough analysis of M-O bond distances in solid alkali metal compounds with ligands binding through oxygen has been made from available structure databases. There is relatively strong correlation between M-O bond distances and coordination numbers also for the alkali metal ions even though the M-O interactions are weak and the number of complexes of potassium, rubidium and cesium with well-defined coordination geometry is very small. The mean M-O bond distance in the hydrated sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium ions in aqueous solution have been determined to be 2.43(2), 2.81(1), 2.98(1) and 3.07(1) Å, which corresponds to six-, seven-, eight- and eight-coordination. These coordination numbers are supported by the linear relationship of the hydration enthalpies and the M-O bond distances. This correlation indicates that the hydrated lithium ion is four-coordinate in aqueous solution. New ionic radii are proposed for four- and six-coordinate lithium(I), 0.60 and 0.79 Å, respectively, as well as for five- and six-coordinate sodium(I), 1.02 and 1.07 Å, respectively. The ionic radii for six- and seven-coordinate K(+), 1.38 and 1.46 Å, respectively, and eight-coordinate Rb(+) and Cs(+), 1.64 and 1.73 Å, respectively, are confirmed from previous studies. The M-O bond distances in dimethyl sulfoxide solvated sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium ions in solution are very similar to those observed in aqueous solution.
CS 224 n : Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning

Keyphrases: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe). Intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations. Effect of hyperparameters on analogy evaluation tasks. Correlation of human judgment with word vector distances. Dealing with ambiguity in word using contexts. Window classification. This set of notes first introduces the GloVe model for training word vectors. Then it extends our discussion of word vectors (interchangeably called word embeddings) by seeing how they can be evaluated intrinsically and extrinsically. As we proceed, we discuss the example of word analogies as an intrinsic evaluation technique and how it can be used to tune word embedding techniques. We then discuss training model weights/parameters and word vectors for extrinsic tasks. Lastly we motivate artificial neural networks as a class of models for natural language processing tasks.
Endoscopic versus external repair of orbital blowout fractures.

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluates the usefulness of endoscopic repair compared to external repair in the treatment of blowout fracture (BOF) of the orbit.


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
This retrospective study comprised 100 patients who had had surgical repair of orbital BOF since 1992. Forty-eight of the 100 had undergone endoscopic repair, 48 patients had had external repair, and four patients underwent surgery that combined the two approaches. The two basic approaches were evaluated and compared with respect to technique, results and complications.


RESULTS
Endoscopically, transnasal and transantral approaches had been used for reduction and support of fractured medial and inferior walls, respectively. In the external approach, various transorbital incisions were made and the fractured wall was repaired with alloplastic or autologous materials. Complete or partial resolution of preoperative diplopia was achieved in 94% of the endoscopic group and 83% of the external group (NS). Enophthalmos was improved in 89% of the endoscopic group and 76% of the external group (NS). Though the endoscopic group had no significant complications, the external group had ectropions, significant facial scars, extrusion of inserted Medpor, and intra-orbital hematoma.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic repair appears to be a safe and effective technique for the treatment of BOF of the orbit.
Evolution: Causality and the Origin of Parasitism

The first comparison of parasitic trypanosomatids to their free-living relatives reveals that some characteristics once linked to parasitism actually predate it. Parallel comparisons of other parasites suggest we need to rethink the drivers and consequences of the parasitic lifestyle.
A Study of the Efficacy of Project-based Learning Integrated with Computer-based Simulation - STELLA

Incorporating computer-simulation modelling into project-based learning may be effective but requires careful planning and implementation. Teachers, especially, need pedagogical content knowledge which refers to knowledge about how students learn from materials infused with technology. This study suggests that students learn best by actively constructing knowledge from a combination of experience, interpretation and structured interactions with peers and teachers when using technology. Simulations do not work on their own, there needs to be some structuring of the students' interactions with the simulation to increase effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of project-based learning in a technology-rich environment. A science project, Land-use in Watershed, that takes advantage of Internet facilities was developed and integrated with a simulation software package, Structural Thinking and Experiential Learning Laboratory, with Animation, (STELLA) developed to promote deeper understanding of Land-use by students. The Participants in the study were 72 students in a quasi-experimental research design. Statistical analyses showed that students who participated in the manipulation of the experimental model of the watershed experiment and the STELLA simulation performed best on understanding the watershed concept.
Dermoscopic patterns of superficial basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND
Superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) presents as a scaly, pink to red-brown patch and is predominantly located on the trunk. Clinical diagnosis may not be always easy and implicates a variety of differential diagnoses; in this situation dermoscopy has been reported improving the diagnostic accuracy. This study investigated dermoscopic patterns of superficial BCC focalizing the most specific and frequent structures in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.


LIMITATIONS
Study population referred to skin lesion clinic.


METHODS
Dermoscopic patterns of 42 superficial BCCs were analyzed and photographed. These cases represented the 8% of all BCCs excised in our Department between 2005 and 2006.


RESULTS
Dermoscopic structures observed in the 42 superficial BCCs consisted of shiny white to red areas (100%), "erosions" (78.6%), short fine telangiectasias (SFTs) (66.6%), leaf-like areas (16.6%), arborizing telangiectasias (14.3%), blue-gray globules (14.3%) and large blue-gray ovoid nests (4.7%).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study identifies the presence of shiny white to red areas, SFTs and "erosions" as main dermoscopic criteria of superficial BCC. Other dermoscopic features, such as leaf-like areas, arborizing telangiectasias, blue-gray globules and large blue-gray ovoid nests, are not strongly associated with the diagnosis of superficial BCC but they are useful in the differential diagnosis from other pigmented and nonpigmented skin lesions.
Comparative effectiveness of CBT interventions for co-morbid chronic pain & insomnia: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION
Chronic pain is difficult to treat and often precedes or exacerbates sleep disturbances such as insomnia. Insomnia, in turn, can amplify the pain experience. Both conditions are associated with inflammatory processes, which may be involved in the bi-directional relationship between pain and sleep. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain and CBT for insomnia are evidence based interventions for, respectively, chronic pain and insomnia. The study objectives were to determine the feasibility of combining CBT for pain and for insomnia and to assess the effects of the combined intervention and the stand alone interventions on pain, sleep, and mood outcomes compared to a control condition.


METHODS
Twenty-one adults with co-occurring chronic pain and chronic insomnia were randomized to either CBT for pain, CBT for insomnia, combined CBT for pain and insomnia, or a wait-list control condition.


RESULTS
The combined CBT intervention was feasible to deliver and produced significant improvements in sleep, disability from pain, depression and fatigue compared to the control condition. Overall, the combined intervention appeared to have a strong advantage over CBT for pain on most outcomes, modest advantage over both CBT for insomnia in reducing insomnia severity in chronic pain patients.


DISCUSSION
CBT for pain and CBT for insomnia may be combined with good results for patients with co-occurring chronic pain and insomnia.