LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion

Eye gaze estimation systems calculate the direction of human eye gaze. Numerous accurate eye gaze estimation systems considering a user s head movement have been reported. Although the systems allow large head motion, they require multiple devices and complicate computation in order to obtain the geometrical positions of an eye, cameras, and a monitor. The light-reflection-based method proposed in this paper does not require any knowledge of their positions, so the system utilizing the proposed method is lighter and easier to use than the conventional systems. To estimate where the user looks allowing ample head movement, we utilize an invariant value (cross-ratio) of a projective space. Also, a robust feature detection using an ellipse-specific active contour is suggested in order to find features exactly. Our proposed feature detection and estimation method are simple and fast, and shows accurate results under large head motion. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Eye Movements of Younger and Older Drivers

This 2-part study focuses on eye movements to explain driving-related visual performance in younger and older persons. In the first task, participants' eye movements were monitored as they viewed a traffic scene image with a numeric overlay and visually located the numbers in their sequential order. The results showed that older participants had significantly longer search episodes than younger participants, and that the visual search of older adults was characterized by more fixations and shorter saccades, although the average fixation durations remained the same. In the second task, participants viewed pictures of traffic scenes photographed from the driver's perspective. Their task was to assume the role of the driver and regard the image accordingly. Results in the second task showed that older participants allocated a larger percentage of their visual scan time to a small subset of areas in the image, whereas younger participants scanned the images more evenly. Also, older participants revisited the same areas and younger participants did not. The results suggest how aging might affect the efficacy of visual information processing. Potential applications of this research include training older drivers for a more effective visual search, and providing older drivers with redundant information in case some information is missed.
Thrombus aspiration during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
The clinical effect of routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate whether thrombus aspiration reduces mortality.


METHODS
We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial, with enrollment of patients from the national comprehensive Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) and end points evaluated through national registries. A total of 7244 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to PCI only. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 30 days.


RESULTS
No patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 2.8% of the patients in the thrombus-aspiration group (103 of 3621), as compared with 3.0% in the PCI-only group (110 of 3623) (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.63). The rates of hospitalization for recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days were 0.5% and 0.9% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.07; P=0.09), and the rates of stent thrombosis were 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.02; P=0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the rate of stroke or neurologic complications at the time of discharge (P=0.87). The results were consistent across all major prespecified subgroups, including subgroups defined according to thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI.


CONCLUSIONS
Routine thrombus aspiration before PCI as compared with PCI alone did not reduce 30-day mortality among patients with STEMI. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01093404.).
Aquatic ecosystems and watershed conservation

Proposal for aquatic ecosystems and watershed conservation project; includes rationale, location, methods, schedule, deliverables, work plan.
Coherence: bridging personal, social, and global health.

All nature is a continuum. The endless complexity of life is organized into patterns which repeat themselves—theme and variations—at each level of system. These similarities and differences are proper concerns for science. From the ceaseless streaming of protoplasm to the many-vectored activities of supranational systems, there are continuous flows through living systems as they maintain their highly organized steady states. Even more basic to this presentation than the concept of “system” are the concepts of “space,” “time,” “matter,” “energy,” and “information,” because the living systems exist in space and are made of matter and energy organized by information. — James Grier Miller, Living Systems, 1978
The efficacy of traditional Thai massage for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review.

RATIONAL AND BACKGROUND
Traditional Thai massage (TTM) is an alternative medicine treatment used for pain relief. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the research about the effects of TTM on pain intensity and other important outcomes in individuals with chronic pain.


METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the controlled trials of the effects of TTM, using the keywords "Traditional Thai massage" or "Thai massage" with the keyword "Chronic pain."


RESULTS
Six research articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies found a pre- to post-treatment pain reductions, varying from 25% to 80% and was also associated with improvements in disability, perceived muscle tension, flexibility and anxiety.


SUMMARY
The TTM benefits of pain reduction appear to maintain for up to 15 weeks. Additional research is needed to identify the moderators, mediators and to determine the long-term benefits of TTM relative to control conditions.
Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
The prevalence of fatty liver underscores the need for non-invasive characterization of steatosis, such as the ultrasound based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Despite good diagnostic accuracy, clinical use of CAP is limited due to uncertainty regarding optimal cut-offs and the influence of covariates. We therefore conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis.


METHODS
A review of the literature identified studies containing histology verified CAP data (M probe, vibration controlled transient elastography with FibroScan®) for grading of steatosis (S0-S3). Receiver operating characteristic analysis after correcting for center effects was used as well as mixed models to test the impact of covariates on CAP. The primary outcome was establishing CAP cut-offs for distinguishing steatosis grades.


RESULTS
Data from 19/21 eligible papers were provided, comprising 3830/3968 (97%) of patients. Considering data overlap and exclusion criteria, 2735 patients were included in the final analysis (37% hepatitis B, 36% hepatitis C, 20% NAFLD/NASH, 7% other). Steatosis distribution was 51%/27%/16%/6% for S0/S1/S2/S3. CAP values in dB/m (95% CI) were influenced by several covariates with an estimated shift of 10 (4.5-17) for NAFLD/NASH patients, 10 (3.5-16) for diabetics and 4.4 (3.8-5.0) per BMI unit. Areas under the curves were 0.823 (0.809-0.837) and 0.865 (0.850-0.880) respectively. Optimal cut-offs were 248 (237-261) and 268 (257-284) for those above S0 and S1 respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
CAP provides a standardized non-invasive measure of hepatic steatosis. Prevalence, etiology, diabetes, and BMI deserve consideration when interpreting CAP. Longitudinal data are needed to demonstrate how CAP relates to clinical outcomes.


LAY SUMMARY
There is an increase in fatty liver for patients with chronic liver disease, linked to the epidemic of the obesity. Invasive liver biopsies are considered the best means of diagnosing fatty liver. The ultrasound based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) can be used instead, but factors such as the underlying disease, BMI and diabetes must be taken into account. Registration: Prospero CRD42015027238.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Cavity-Backed Aperture Antenna With a Parasitic Square Patch

A technique to design a wideband circularly polarized (CP) cavity-backed aperture antenna is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of an aperture antenna, a low-profile backed cavity, and a parasitic patch. Bidirectional radiation of the aperture antenna is changed to unidirectional radiation using the low-profile backed cavity. The parasitic patch is adopted to provide a favorable axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth. The proposed antenna combines the attractive features such as wide impedance and AR bandwidths, compact size, high aperture efficiency, as well as easiness of design, manufacture, and integration. The antenna operates at 6-GHz band with the overall volume of 0.8 λ0×0.8 λ0 ×0.3 λ0. Measured results show that the antenna achieves a -10-dB impedance bandwidth of more than 70% and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 43.3% with a peak gain of 8.6 dBi.
Microgrid power quality enhancement using a three-phase four-wire grid-interfacing compensator

This paper presents a three-phase four-wire grid-interfacing power quality compensator for microgrid applications. The compensator is proposed for use with each individual distributed generation (DG) system in the microgrid and consists of two four-phase-leg inverters (a shunt and a series), optimally controlled to achieve an enhancement of both the quality of power within the microgrid and the quality of currents flowing between the microgrid and the utility system. During utility grid voltage unbalance, the four-phase-leg compensator can compensate for all the unwanted positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence voltage-current components found within the unbalanced utility. Specifically, the shunt four-leg inverter is controlled to ensure balanced voltages within the microgrid and to regulate power sharing among the parallel-connected DG systems. The series inverter is controlled complementarily to inject negative- and zero-sequence voltages in series to balance the line currents, while generating zero real and reactive power. During utility voltage sags, the series inverter can also be controlled using a newly proposed flux-charge current-limiting algorithm to limit the flow of large fault currents between the micro- and utility grids. The performance of the proposed compensator has been verified in simulations and experimentally using a laboratory prototype.
Mean-square H∞ filtering for stochastic systems: Application to a 2DOF helicopter

This paper designs the central finite-dimensional H1 filter for linear stochastic systems with integral-quadratically bounded deterministic disturbances, that is suboptimal for a given threshold g with respect to a modified Bolza–Meyer quadratic criterion including the attenuation control term with the opposite sign. The original H1 filtering problem for a linear stochastic system is reduced to the corresponding mean-square H2 filtering problem, using the technique proposed in Doyle (1989) [1]. In the example, the designed filter is applied to estimation of the pitch and yaw angles of a two degrees of freedom (2DOF) helicopter. & 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stent-induced expression and activation of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 is associated with neointimal thickening and restenosis.

BACKGROUND
Increased expression of the beta2 integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, alphaMbeta2), which is responsible for firm leukocyte adhesion to platelets and fibrinogen at injured vessels, is found in association with neointimal hyperplasia after coronary interventions. The role of Mac-1 in the pathophysiology of restenosis is incompletely defined. To clarify further the role of Mac-1, we determined whether coronary stenting induced activation of Mac-1, which is required for high-affinity receptor-ligand interactions.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Expression of CD11b (alpha-subunit of Mac-1) and binding of 8B2 (monoclonal antibody against an activation-dependent neoepitope of Mac-1) on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were analyzed in 62 patients undergoing coronary stenting using flow cytometric analysis of whole blood obtained from the coronary sinus and femoral vein. Transcardiac CD11b expression increased significantly at 24 hours and maximally at 48 hours after stenting; 8B2 began to increase at 10 minutes and was maximally increased at 48 hours after stenting. These changes were more prominent in patients with subsequent restenosis. Multiple regression analysis showed that the late lumen loss by quantitative coronary angiographic analysis was independently correlated with the CD11b increase (R=0.42, P<0.01) and the 8B2 increase (R=0.55, P<0.001) 48 hours after the procedure. Mac-1 activation, as assessed by 8B2 binding, was the most powerful predictor of late lumen loss.


CONCLUSIONS
Coronary stenting produced upregulation and early activation of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1, which is associated with late lumen loss and restenosis. These data support a role for inflammation in neointimal thickening and suggest the validity of targeting leukocyte recruitment for preventing clinical restenosis.
A Survey of Deep Learning Methods for Relation Extraction

Relation Extraction is an important subtask of Information Extraction which has the potential of employing deep learning (DL) models with the creation of large datasets using distant supervision. In this review, we compare the contributions and pitfalls of the various DL models that have been used for the task, to help guide the path ahead.
QUEUING THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION: ANALYSIS OF THE SALES CHECKOUT OPERATION IN ICA SUPERMARKET by

ANALYSIS OF THE SALES CHECKOUT OPERATION IN ICA SUPERMARKET USING QUEUING SIMULATION
Learning and Evaluating Musical Features with Deep Autoencoders

In this work we describe and evaluate methods to learn musical embeddings. Each embedding is a vector that represents four contiguous beats of music and is derived from a symbolic representation. We consider autoencoding-based methods including denoising autoencoders, and context reconstruction, and evaluate the resulting embeddings on a forward prediction and a classification task.
Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head.

PURPOSE
To demonstrate ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina and optic nerve head at 249,000 axial scans per second and a wavelength of 1060 nm. To investigate methods for visualization of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve using high-density sampling enabled by improved imaging speed.


METHODS
A swept-source OCT retinal imaging system operating at a speed of 249,000 axial scans per second was developed. Imaging of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve were performed. Display methods such as speckle reduction, slicing along arbitrary planes, en face visualization of reflectance from specific retinal layers, and image compounding were investigated.


RESULTS
High-definition and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the normal retina and optic nerve head were performed. Increased light penetration at 1060 nm enabled improved visualization of the choroid, lamina cribrosa, and sclera. OCT fundus images and 3D visualizations were generated with higher pixel density and less motion artifacts than standard spectral/Fourier domain OCT. En face images enabled visualization of the porous structure of the lamina cribrosa, nerve fiber layer, choroid, photoreceptors, RPE, and capillaries of the inner retina.


CONCLUSIONS
Ultrahigh-speed OCT imaging of the retina and optic nerve head at 249,000 axial scans per second is possible. The improvement of approximately 5 to 10x in imaging speed over commercial spectral/Fourier domain OCT technology enables higher density raster scan protocols and improved performance of en face visualization methods. The combination of the longer wavelength and ultrahigh imaging speed enables excellent visualization of the choroid, sclera, and lamina cribrosa.
Fixed and Modifiable Correlates of Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis From a Large All-Comers Registry: Insights From ADAPT-DES.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies evaluating correlates of stent thrombosis (ST) have included mostly patients with bare metal stents and early-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) and have not systematically evaluated the role of intravascular ultrasound-guided stenting and high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and correlates of ST in patients receiving DES, specifically examining the impact of risk factors modifiable by physician and patient behavior.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Assessment of Dual Anti-platelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) was a multicenter, prospective study in patients undergoing successful coronary intervention with DES in whom routine platelet reactivity testing was performed. Definite or probable ST occurred in 92 (1.1%) of 8582 patients within 2 years. Independent baseline correlates of ST included presentation with an acute coronary syndrome (hazard ratio [HR]=1.81, P=0.01), insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (HR=1.91, P=0.02), previous myocardial infarction (HR=1.75, P=0.02), and peripheral arterial disease (HR=2.01, P=0.01). Independent treatment-related correlates included use of early generation DES (HR=1.75, P=0.02), no procedural intravascular ultrasound guidance (HR=1.75, P=0.04), and premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (HR=2.67, P=0.003); high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel trended as a correlate of ST (HR=1.49, P=0.08). The 2-year risk of ST ranged from 0.3% to 10.0% when 0 to 3 modifiable risk factors were present.


CONCLUSIONS
After successful DES implantation, ST occurred within 2 years in 1.1% of patients and was strongly associated with fixed and modifiable risk factors. The frequency of ST may be reduced with intravascular ultrasound -guided stenting, assiduous adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy, and adequate P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibition.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Validation of a screening instrument for exposure to violence in African American children.

OBJECTIVE
To provide concurrent validity data for the KID-SAVE as a screening instrument for exposure to violence in African American children, to explore demographic differences in KID-SAVE scores, and to provide preliminary reliability data on a parent version of the KID-SAVE.


METHOD
Questionnaire data were collected regarding exposure to violence, children's behavior and symptoms, and family aggression. A sample of 182 children and their parents participated.


RESULTS
Both parent and child report of violence exposure was significantly related to the child's psychological adjustment as endorsed by both parents and children. Also, significant relationships were obtained between parent report of their child's exposure to violence and the presence of family violence.


CONCLUSIONS
The KID-SAVE appears to be a promising instrument for the assessment of exposure to violence, specifically in African American children, and may be applicable in a variety of clinical settings.
Auxiliary Variables in Mixture Modeling : A 3-Step Approach Using Mplus

This paper discusses alternatives to single-step mixture modeling. A 3step method for latent class predictor variables is studied in several different settings including latent class analysis, latent transition analysis, and growth mixture modeling. It is explored under violations of its assumptions such as with direct effects from predictors to latent class indicators. The 3-step method is also considered for distal variables. The Lanza et al. (2013) method for distal variables is studied under several conditions including violations of its assumptions. Standard errors are also developed for the Lanza method since these were not given in Lanza et al. (2013).
Bandwidth- and Gain-Enhanced Circularly Polarized Antenna Array Using Sequential Phase Feed

A technique is developed in this letter to enhance the impedance and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths as well as broadside gain of a sequential phase (SP) feed 2 × 2 patch array. The proposed antenna is composed of a probe-fed patch, a 2 × 2 corner truncated patch array with a loop, and a slotted metal wall surrounding the feeding structure. The proposed antenna combines the attractive features such as wide impedance and AR bandwidths, low profile, and easiness of design and manufacture. The antenna operating at 5-GHz band is designed and fabricated with overall volume of 1.5 λ0×1.5 λ0 ×0.06 λ0. Measured results show that the antenna array achieves an impedance bandwidth of about 20.8% for |S11|<;-10 dB, a 3-dB AR bandwidth of about 17.6%, a peak gain of 11.5 dBi, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 13%, which is completely within the impedance and AR bandwidths.
Empowerment and satisfaction in a multinational study of routine clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE
Decision-making between mental health clinicians and patients is under-researched. We tested whether mental health patients are more satisfied with a decision made (i) using their preferred decision-making style and (ii) with a clinician with the same decision-making style preference.


METHOD
As part of the CEDAR Study (ISRCTN75841675), a convenience sample of 445 patients with severe mental illness from six European countries were assessed for desired clinical decision-making style (rated by patients and paired clinicians), decision-specific experienced style and satisfaction.


RESULTS
Patients who experienced more involvement in decision-making than they desired rated higher satisfaction (OR=2.47, P=0.005, 95% CI 1.32-4.63). Decisions made with clinicians whose decision-making style preference was for more active involvement than the patient preference were rated with higher satisfaction (OR=3.17, P=0.003, 95% CI 1.48-6.82).


CONCLUSION
More active involvement in decision-making than the patient stated as desired was associated with higher satisfaction. A clinical orientation towards empowering, rather than shared, decision-making may maximise satisfaction.
Emergency Evacuation using Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a distributed algorithm to direct evacuees to exits through arbitrarily complex building layouts in emergency situations. The algorithm finds the safest paths for evacuees taking into account predictions of the relative movements of hazards, such as fires, and evacuees. The algorithm is demonstrated on a 64 node wireless sensor network test platform and in simulation. The results of simulations are shown to demonstrate the navigation paths found by the algorithm.