LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
RF-scanner: Shelf scanning with robot-assisted RFID systems

Shelf scanning is one of the most important processes for inventory management in a library. It helps the librarians and library users discover the miss-shelved books and pinpoint where they are, improving the quality of service. By traditional means, however, manually checking each bookshelf suffers from extremely intensive labor and long scanning delay. Although some existing RFID-enabled approaches have been proposed, they suffer from either high-cost infrastructure or complicated system deployment, forming a great barrier to commercial adoption. In light of this, we in this paper propose a smart system called RF-Scanner that can perform the shelf scanning automatically by combining the robot technology and the RFID technology. The former is used for replacing the librarians and liberating them from intensively manual labor. The later is installed on the robot and moves with the robot to scan the on-the-shelf books. We formulate two important issues concerned by librarians, the book localization and the lying-down book detection, and give the sophisticated solutions to them. Besides, we implement RF-Scanner and put it into practical use in our school library. Long-term experiments and studies show that RF-Scanner provides fine-grained book localization with a mean error of just 1.3 cm and accurate detection accuracy of lying-down books with a mean error of 6%.
Classification of emotional states from electrocardiogram signals: a non-linear approach based on hurst

BACKGROUND
Identifying the emotional state is helpful in applications involving patients with autism and other intellectual disabilities; computer-based training, human computer interaction etc. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, being an activity of the autonomous nervous system (ANS), reflect the underlying true emotional state of a person. However, the performance of various methods developed so far lacks accuracy, and more robust methods need to be developed to identify the emotional pattern associated with ECG signals.


METHODS
Emotional ECG data was obtained from sixty participants by inducing the six basic emotional states (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise and neutral) using audio-visual stimuli. The non-linear feature 'Hurst' was computed using Rescaled Range Statistics (RRS) and Finite Variance Scaling (FVS) methods. New Hurst features were proposed by combining the existing RRS and FVS methods with Higher Order Statistics (HOS). The features were then classified using four classifiers - Bayesian Classifier, Regression Tree, K- nearest neighbor and Fuzzy K-nearest neighbor. Seventy percent of the features were used for training and thirty percent for testing the algorithm.


RESULTS
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) conveyed that Hurst and the proposed features were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Hurst computed using RRS and FVS methods showed similar classification accuracy. The features obtained by combining FVS and HOS performed better with a maximum accuracy of 92.87% and 76.45% for classifying the six emotional states using random and subject independent validation respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the combination of non-linear analysis and HOS tend to capture the finer emotional changes that can be seen in healthy ECG data. This work can be further fine tuned to develop a real time system.
Expressive Collaborative Music Performance via Machine Learning

To my parents and my girlfriend. Abstract Techniques of Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction have empowered computer music systems with the ability to perform with humans via a wide spectrum of applications. However, musical interaction between humans and machines is still far less musical than the interaction between humans since most systems lack any representation or capability of musical expression. This thesis contributes various techniques, especially machine-learning algorithms, to create artificial musicians that perform expressively and collaboratively with humans. The current system focuses on three aspects of expression in human-computer collaborative performance: 1) expressive timing and dynamics, 2) basic improvisation techniques, and 3) facial and body gestures. Timing and dynamics are the two most fundamental aspects of musical expression and also the main focus of this thesis. We model the expression of different musicians as co-evolving time series. Based on this representation, we develop a set of algorithms, including a sophisticated spectral learning method, to discover regularities of expressive musical interaction from rehearsals. Given a learned model, an artificial performer generates its own musical expression by interacting with a human performer given a pre-defined score. The results show that, with a small number of rehearsals, we can successfully apply machine learning to generate more expressive and human-like collaborative performance than the baseline automatic accompaniment algorithm. This is the first application of spectral learning in the field of music. Besides expressive timing and dynamics, we consider some basic improvisation techniques where musicians have the freedom to interpret pitches and rhythms. We developed a model that trains a different set of parameters for each individual measure and focus on the prediction of the number of chords and the number of notes per chord. Given the model prediction, an improvised score is decoded using nearest-neighbor search, which selects the training example whose parameters are closest to the estimation. Our result shows that our model generates more musical, interactive, and natural collaborative improvisation than a reasonable baseline based on mean estimation. Although not conventionally considered to be " music, " body and facial movements are also important aspects of musical expression. We study body and facial expressions using a humanoid saxophonist robot. We contribute the first algorithm to enable a robot to perform an accompaniment for a musician and react to human performance with gestural and facial expression. The current system uses rule-based performance-motion mapping and separates robot motions into three groups: finger motions, …
Click chemistry and bioorthogonal reactions: unprecedented selectivity in the labeling of biological molecules.

In recent years, a number of bioorthogonal reactions have been developed, exemplified by click chemistry, that enable the efficient formation of a specific product, even within a highly complex chemical environment. While the exquisite selectivity and reliability of these transformations have led to their broad application in diverse research areas, they have proven to be particularly beneficial to biological studies. In this regard, the ability to rationally incorporate reactive tags onto a biomolecular target and subsequently achieve high selectivity in tag derivatization within a complex biological sample has revolutionized the toolbox that is available for addressing fundamental issues. Herein, an introduction to the impact of click chemistry and other bioorthogonal reactions on the study of biological systems is presented. This includes discussion of the philosophy behind click chemistry, the details and benefits of bioorthogonal reactions that have been developed, and examples of recent innovative approaches that have effectively exploited these transformations to study cellular processes. For the latter, the impacts of bioorthogonal reactions on drug design (i.e., in situ combinatorial drug design), biomolecule labeling and detection (site-specific derivatization of proteins, viruses, sugars, DNA, RNA, and lipids), and the recent strategy of activity-based protein profiling are highlighted.
Determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Public Hospitals, Oromia region, West Ethiopia:

Background: Acute malnutrition is a recent and severe weight loss as a result of acute food shortage and/or illness. It is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of children aged 6–59 months as risk of death is nine times higher than that of children without it. In Ethiopia despite recent economic progress; nutritional status of children is among the worst in the world and it remains major public health problem. According to recently published mini demographic & health survey 2014; 9 % of children are wasted (3 % severely wasted) in the country and in Oromia region 8.8 % of children are wasted (1.7 % severely wasted). However there is no information on determinants of acute malnutrition in the study area. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in the study area. Methods: A facility based un-matched case control study was conducted on 339 (113 cases and 226 controls) children aged 6–59 months with their respective mothers from December 3, 2014 to March 25, 2015. The data were collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). Odds Ratio along with 95 % confidence interval was estimated to identify determinants of acute malnutrition (wasting) using the multivariable logistic regression. Level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: Wasting was associated with diarrheal diseases in the previous two weeks [AOR (95 % CI) =3.94 (2.01–7.73)], mothers habit of less frequent hand washing [AOR (95 % CI) =14.39 (7.33–28.22)], did not exclusively breastfed [AOR (95 % CI) = 2.63 (1.29–4.82)], having large family sizes [AOR (95 % CI) =2.59 (1.34–5.0)], absence of latrine [AOR (95 % CI) =2.99(1.23–7.06)], illiterate mothers [AOR (95 % CI) =2.16(1.14–4.11)] and febrile illness in the previous two weeks [AOR (95 % CI) =1.89 (1.0–3.59)]. Conclusions: Wasting was significantly associated with diarrheal and febrile illness in the previous two weeks, lack of maternal education, hand washing & sub optimal breastfeeding practices, larger family size, and absence of latrine. Thus, an organized effort should be made at all levels to improve maternal and child health services, hand washing & breastfeeding practices, construction of latrines and education of mothers to restrain the problems of child acute malnutrition.
Contextualization of topics: browsing through the universe of bibliographic information

This paper describes how semantic indexing can help to generate a contextual overview of topics and visually compare clusters of articles. The method was originally developed for an innovative information exploration tool, called Ariadne, which operates on bibliographic databases with tens of millions of records (Koopman et al. in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. doi: 10.1145/2702613.2732781 , 2015b). In this paper, the method behind Ariadne is further developed and applied to the research question of the special issue “Same data, different results”—the better understanding of topic (re-)construction by different bibliometric approaches. For the case of the Astro dataset of 111,616 articles in astronomy and astrophysics, a new instantiation of the interactive exploring tool, LittleAriadne, has been created. This paper contributes to the overall challenge to delineate and define topics in two different ways. First, we produce two clustering solutions based on vector representations of articles in a lexical space. These vectors are built on semantic indexing of entities associated with those articles. Second, we discuss how LittleAriadne can be used to browse through the network of topical terms, authors, journals, citations and various cluster solutions of the Astro dataset. More specifically, we treat the assignment of an article to the different clustering solutions as an additional element of its bibliographic record. Keeping the principle of semantic indexing on the level of such an extended list of entities of the bibliographic record, LittleAriadne in turn provides a visualization of the context of a specific clustering solution. It also conveys the similarity of article clusters produced by different algorithms, hence representing a complementary approach to other possible means of comparison.
Incentive compatible ranking systems

Ranking systems are a fundamental ingredient of multiagent environments and Internet Technologies. These settings can be viewed as social choice settings with two distinguished properties: the set of agents and the set of alternatives coincide, and the agents' preferences are dichotomous, and therefore classical impossibility results do not apply. In this paper we initiate the study of incentives in ranking systems, where agents act in order to maximize their position in the ranking, rather than to obtain a correct outcome. We consider several basic properties of ranking systems, and fully characterize the conditions under which incentive compatible ranking systems exist, demonstrating that in general no such system satisfying all the properties exists.
Acute doses of d-amphetamine and bupropion increase cigarette smoking

Rationale: Bupropion is used clinically as a treatment for smoking cessation, but the processes by which it reduces smoking are poorly understood. Bupropion shares some neurochemical actions and behavioral effects with the psychostimulant amphetamine, and it has been shown that amphetamine increases smoking when administered acutely. The effects of single doses of bupropion on smoking have not been studied but, based on its similarities to amphetamine, we postulated that acute bupropion would also increase smoking. Objective: To measure the effects of single doses of amphetamine and bupropion on smoking and craving for cigarettes in smokers. Methods: Cigarette smokers who were not trying to quit participated in a three-session study in which they received placebo and a single dose of either d-amphetamine sulfate (10 and 20 mg; n=10) or bupropion hydrochloride (150 and 300 mg; n=12) after overnight abstinence. The three outcome measures were: i) subjective and behavioral effects of amphetamine and bupropion after a period of acute abstinence, ii) effects of amphetamine and bupropion on subjective responses to a single, smoked cigarette, and iii) effects of the drugs on number of cigarettes smoked during an ad libitum smoking period. Results: After the acute abstinence and before smoking, both amphetamine and bupropion increased self-reported mood and euphoria, but did not change ratings of craving or withdrawal. After subjects smoked a single smoked cigarette, they reported that bupropion reduced ratings of "buzzed" and "intensity". During the period of ad libitum smoking both amphetamine and bupropion increased the number of cigarettes smoked. Conclusion: Acute doses of both bupropion and amphetamine increase smoking in non-treatment-seeking smokers without altering ratings of craving or withdrawal. Bupropion reduced some of the sensory responses to the smoked cigarette. It remains to be determined why bupropion increases smoking when administered acutely under controlled conditions, while it helps to reduce smoking in patients trying to quit.
Point Cloud Segmentation to Approximately Convex Surfaces for Fruit Recognition

A fruit recognition approach based on segmenting the point cloud acquired by a 3D camera into approximately convex surfaces is considered. A segmentation approach which transforms a depth image into a triangular mesh and then segments this mesh into approximately convex segments is applied to depth images of fruits on trees. An analysis of the results obtained by this approach is performed with the intention to determine how successful the studied method is in detecting fruit as separate objects in a point cloud. The reported analysis gives a valuable insight into the potential applicability of the tested methodology in the preprocessing stage of a fruit recognition system as well as its drawbacks. Keywords—fruit recognition;3D camera; convex sets; segmentation
Use of metformin and vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical (treatment adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia, and macrovascular complications) and economic (resource use and costs) consequences of using a combination of metformin + vildagliptin to treat type 2 diabetes in elderly patients seen in daily clinical practice.


METHODS
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study that included patients aged ≥65 years treated with metformin who started a second oral antidiabetic therapy during the years 2008-2009. There were two groups of patients: a study group receiving metformin + vildagliptin and a reference group receiving metformin + other oral antidiabetics (sulfonylureas or glitazones). The main measures were comorbidity, compliance/persistence, metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin <7%), complications (hypoglycemic, macrovascular), and total costs. The patients were followed for 2 years.


RESULTS
We recruited 987 patients (49.1% male) of mean age 74.2 years. There were 270 (27.4%) patients in the metformin + vildagliptin group and 717 (72.6%) in the reference group. Vildagliptin-treated patients had significantly (P<0.05) improved compliance (68.3% versus 62.5%, respectively), persistence (61.5% versus 55.1%), and metabolic control (63.3% versus 57.6%). They also had lower rates of hypoglycemia (17.4% versus 42.8%) and cardiovascular events (4.4% versus 8.6%) and lower total costs (€2,544 versus €2,699, P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
Patients treated with metformin and vildagliptin showed better adherence and metabolic control and lower rates of hypoglycemia, resulting in lower health care costs for the national health system.
Sagittal Plane Knee Biomechanics and Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Are Modified Following ACL Injury Prevention Programs

CONTEXT
Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) occur because of excessive loading on the knee. ACL injury prevention programs can influence sagittal plane ACL loading factors and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF).


OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of ACL injury prevention programs on sagittal plane knee biomechanics (anterior tibial shear force, knee flexion angle/moments) and VGRF.


DATA SOURCES
The PubMed database was searched for studies published between January 1988 and June 2008. Reference lists of selected articles were also reviewed.


STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included that evaluated healthy participants for knee flexion angle, sagittal plane knee kinetics, or VGRF after performing a multisession training program. Two individuals reviewed all articles and determined which articles met the selection criteria. Approximately 4% of the articles fulfilled the selection criteria.


DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted regarding each program's duration, frequency, exercise type, population, supervision, and testing procedures. Means and variability measures were recorded to calculate effect sizes. One reviewer extracted all data and assessed study quality using PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database). A second reviewer (blinded) verified all information.


RESULTS
There is moderate evidence to indicate that knee flexion angle, external knee flexion moment, and VGRF can be successfully modified by an ACL injury prevention program. Programs utilizing multiple exercises (ie, integrated training) appear to produce the most improvement, in comparison to that of single-exercise programs. Knee flexion angle was improved following integrated training (combined balance and strength exercises or combined plyometric and strength exercises). Similarly, external knee flexion moment was improved following integrated training consisting of balance, plyometric, and strength exercises. VGRF was improved when incorporating supervision with instruction and feedback on proper technique.


CONCLUSION
ACL injury prevention programs that are aimed at modifying sagittal plane knee biomechanics and VGRF should use an integrated training approach that incorporates instruction and feedback on proper movement technique.
Heterojunction Photocatalysts.

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis attracts wide attention because of its ability to directly utilize solar energy for production of solar fuels, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels and for degradation of various pollutants. However, the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions remains low due to the fast electron-hole recombination and low light utilization. Therefore, enormous efforts have been undertaken to solve these problems. Particularly, properly engineered heterojunction photocatalysts are shown to be able to possess higher photocatalytic activity because of spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here, the basic principles of various heterojunction photocatalysts are systematically discussed. Recent efforts toward the development of heterojunction photocatalysts for various photocatalytic applications are also presented and appraised. Finally, a brief summary and perspectives on the challenges and future directions in the area of heterojunction photocatalysts are also provided.
Long-Term Outcome of Critically Ill Adult Patients with Acute Epiglottitis

BACKGROUND
Acute epiglottitis is a potentially life threatening disease, with a growing incidence in the adult population. Its long-term outcome after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization has rarely been studied.


METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Thirty-four adult patients admitted for acute epiglottitis were included in this retrospective multicentric study. The mean age was 44 ± 12 years (sex ratio: 5.8). Sixteen patients (47%) had a history of smoking while 8 (24%) had no previous medical history. The average time of disease progression before ICU was 2.6 ± 3.6 days. The main reasons for hospitalization were continuous monitoring (17 cases, 50%) and acute respiratory distress (10 cases, 29%). Microbiological documentation could be made in 9 cases (26%), with Streptococcus spp. present in 7 cases (21%). Organ failure at ICU admission occurred in 8 cases (24%). Thirteen patients (38%) required respiratory assistance during ICU stay; 9 (26%) required surgery. Two patients (6%) died following hypoxemic cardiac arrest. Five patients (15%) had sequelae at 1 year. Patients requiring respiratory assistance had a longer duration of symptoms and more frequent anti inflammatory use before ICU admission and sequelae at 1 year (p < 0.05 versus non-ventilated patients). After logistic regression analysis, only exposure to anti-inflammatory drugs before admission was independently associated with airway intervention (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 1.06-23.16).


CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
The profile of the cases consisted of young smoking men with little comorbidity. Streptococcus spp. infection represented the main etiology. Outcome was favorable if early respiratory tract protection could be performed in good conditions. Morbidity and sequelae were greater in patients requiring airway intervention.