LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mining Twitter for Adverse Drug Reaction Mentions : A Corpus and Classification Benchmark

With many adults using social media to discuss health information, researchers have begun diving into this resource to monitor or detect health conditions on a population level. Twitter, specifically, has flourished to several hundred million users and could present a rich information source for the detection of serious medical conditions, like adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, Twitter also presents unique challenges due to brevity, lack of structure, and informal language. We present a freely available, manually annotated corpus of 10,822 tweets, which can be used to train automated tools to mine Twitter for ADRs. We collected tweets utilizing drug names as keywords, but expanding them by applying an algorithm to generate misspelled versions of the drug names for maximum coverage. We annotated each tweet for the presence of a mention of an ADR, and for those that had one, annotated the mention (including span and UMLS IDs of the ADRs). Our inter-annotator agreement for the binary classification had a Kappa value of 0.69, which may be considered substantial (Viera & Garrett, 2005). We evaluated the utility of the corpus by training two classes of machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machines. The results we present validate the usefulness of the corpus for automated mining tasks. The classification corpus is available from http://diego.asu.edu/downloads.
Serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among osteoporotic postmenopausal female patients of a family practice clinic in Jordan.

BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and the metabolic syndrome are two common health issues worldwide. The association between these two health problems is subject to debate.


OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and the metabolic syndrome in a sample of osteoporotic postmenopausal women attending a family practice clinic in Amman-Jordan.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was an observational cross sectional study. It was carried out in the family practice clinic in Jordan University Hospital. The study included all postmenopausal osteoporotic women attending the clinic between June 2011 and May 2012, yielding a total of 326 subjects. The association between metabolic syndrome and serum vitamin D levels was investigated.


RESULTS
Waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides and fasting blood sugar were significantly higher among postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, but HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among all study participants was 42.9%. Triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher among women deficiency or insufficiency (p<0.05). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was 45.7%. Among patients with metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was 50.7%.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings of the current study suggest a lack of relationship between serum vitamin D and metabolic syndrome. However, a significant inverse relationship was found between serum vitamin D levels and both serum triglycerides and LDL levels.
G2 inferior vena cava filter: retrievability and safety.

PURPOSE
To assess the retrievability of the G2 inferior vena cava (IVC) filter and factors influencing the safety and technical success of retrieval.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
From October 2006 through June 2008, G2 IVC filters were placed in 140 consecutive patients who needed prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism (PE). General indications for filter placement included history of thromboembolic disease (n = 98) and high risk for PE (n = 42); specific indications included contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 120), prophylaxis in addition to anticoagulation (n = 16), and failure of anticoagulation (n = 4). Filter dwell time, technical success of filter retrieval, and complications related to placement or retrieval were retrospectively evaluated in patients who underwent filter removal.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven attempts at G2 filter removal were made in 26 patients (12 men; age range, 24-88 years; mean age, 55.4 y) after a mean period of 122 days (range, 11-260 d). Data were collected retrospectively with institutional review board approval. Filter removal was successful in all 27 attempts (100%). Tilting of the filter (> or =15 degrees ) occurred in five cases (18.5%), with probable filter incorporation into the right lateral wall of the IVC in one. Other complications of retrieval such as filter thrombosis, significant filter migration, filter fracture, and caval occlusion were not observed.


CONCLUSIONS
G2 IVC filter retrieval has a high technical success rate and a low complication rate. Technical success appears to be unaffected by the dwell time within the reported range.
A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU.

BACKGROUND
There is a need for close communication with relatives of patients dying in the intensive care unit (ICU). We evaluated a format that included a proactive end-of-life conference and a brochure to see whether it could lessen the effects of bereavement.


METHODS
Family members of 126 patients dying in 22 ICUs in France were randomly assigned to the intervention format or to the customary end-of-life conference. Participants were interviewed by telephone 90 days after the death with the use of the Impact of Event Scale (IES; scores range from 0, indicating no symptoms, to 75, indicating severe symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; subscale scores range from 0, indicating no distress, to 21, indicating maximum distress).


RESULTS
Participants in the intervention group had longer conferences than those in the control group (median, 30 minutes [interquartile range, 19 to 45] vs. 20 minutes [interquartile range, 15 to 30]; P<0.001) and spent more of the time talking (median, 14 minutes [interquartile range, 8 to 20] vs. 5 minutes [interquartile range, 5 to 10]). On day 90, the 56 participants in the intervention group who responded to the telephone interview had a significantly lower median IES score than the 52 participants in the control group (27 vs. 39, P=0.02) and a lower prevalence of PTSD-related symptoms (45% vs. 69%, P=0.01). The median HADS score was also lower in the intervention group (11, vs. 17 in the control group; P=0.004), and symptoms of both anxiety and depression were less prevalent (anxiety, 45% vs. 67%; P=0.02; depression, 29% vs. 56%; P=0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Providing relatives of patients who are dying in the ICU with a brochure on bereavement and using a proactive communication strategy that includes longer conferences and more time for family members to talk may lessen the burden of bereavement. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00331877.)
Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of cloud computing by firms belonging to the high-tech industry. The eight factors examined in this study are relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, top management support, firm size, technology readiness, competitive pressure, and trading partner pressure. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from 111 firms belonging to the high-tech industry in Taiwan. Relevant hypotheses were derived and tested by logistic regression analysis. Findings – The findings revealed that relative advantage, top management support, firm size, competitive pressure, and trading partner pressure characteristics have a significant effect on the adoption of cloud computing. Research limitations/implications – The research was conducted in the high-tech industry, which may limit the generalisability of the findings. Practical implications – The findings offer cloud computing service providers with a better understanding of what affects cloud computing adoption characteristics, with relevant insight on current promotions. Originality/value – The research contributes to the application of new technology cloud computing adoption in the high-tech industry through the use of a wide range of variables. The findings also help firms consider their information technologies investments when implementing cloud computing.
Road Damage Detection Using Deep Neural Networks with Images Captured Through a Smartphone

Research on damage detection of road surfaces using image processing techniques has been actively conducted, achieving considerably high detection accuracies. Many studies only focus on the detection of the presence or absence of damage. However, in a real-world scenario, when the road managers from a governing body need to repair such damage, they need to clearly understand the type of damage in order to take effective action. In addition, in many of these previous studies, the researchers acquire their own data using different methods. Hence, there is no uniform road damage dataset available openly, leading to the absence of a benchmark for road damage detection. This study makes three contributions to address these issues. First, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a large-scale road damage dataset is prepared. This dataset is composed of 9,053 road damage images captured with a smartphone installed on a car, with 15,435 instances of road surface damage included in these road images. In order to generate this dataset, we cooperated with 7 municipalities in Japan and acquired road images for more than 40 hours. These images were captured in a wide variety of weather and illuminance conditions. In each image, we annotated the bounding box representing the location and type of damage. Next, we used a state-of-the-art object detection method using convolutional neural networks to train the damage detection model with our dataset, and compared the accuracy and runtime speed on both, using a GPU server and a smartphone. Finally, we demonstrate that the type of damage can be classified into eight types with high accuracy by applying the proposed object detection method. The road damage dataset, our experimental results, and the developed smartphone application used in this study are publicly available (https://github.com/sekilab/RoadDamageDetector/). ∗maedahi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
A Compact UWB Band-Notched Printed Monopole Antenna With Defected Ground Structure

A simple and compact UWB printed monopole antenna with filtering characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a defected ground structure (DGS) and a radiating patch with arc-shaped step that is notched by removing two squares at the bottom. By using a modified shovel-shaped defected ground structure, band-notched characteristic that in volves both operating frequency band of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) systems and WLAN is obtained. Omnidirectional H-plane radiation patterns and appropriate impedance characteristic are the main features of the proposed antenna that are achieved by designing the lower edges of the radiating patch in the form of arc-shaped step. The designed antenna has a small size of 15 × 18 mm2 and provides the impedance bandwidth of more than 128% between 3.1 and 14 GHz for VSWR <; 2, with notch frequency band at 5.13-6.1 GHz.
LibGuides: Geography 283 - Carroll: Books

This guide is for John Carroll's Geography 283 - Introduction to Spatial Data class. How to find books
A PSO based integrated functional link net and interval type-2 fuzzy logic system for predicting stock market indices

This paper presents an integrated functional link interval type-2 fuzzy neural system (FLIT2FNS) for predicting the stock market indices. The hybrid model uses a TSK (Takagi–Sugano–Kang) type fuzzy rule base that employs type-2 fuzzy sets in the antecedent parts and the outputs from the Functional Link Artificial Neural Network (FLANN) in the consequent parts. Two other approaches, namely the integrated FLANN and type-1 fuzzy logic system and Local Linear Wavelet Neural Network (LLWNN) are also presented for a comparative study. Backpropagation and particle swarm optimization (PSO) learning algorithms have been used independently to optimize the parameters of all the forecasting models. To test the model performance, three well known stock market indices like the Standard’s & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500), Bombay stock exchange (BSE), and Dow Jones industrial average (DJIA) are used. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are used to find out the performance of all the three models. Finally, it is observed that out of three methods, FLIT2FNS performs the best irrespective of the time horizons spanning from 1 day to 1 month. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics An extension of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach and its applications

The approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) was previously proposed to find the optimal initial perturbation (CNOP-I) in a given constraint. In this paper, we extend the CNOP approach to search for the optimal combined mode of initial perturbations and model parameter perturbations. This optimal combined mode, also named CNOP, has two special cases: one is CNOP-I that only links with initial perturbations and has the largest nonlinear evolution at a prediction time; while the other is merely related to the parameter perturbations and is called CNOP-P, which causes the largest departure from a given reference state at a prediction time. The CNOP approach allows us to explore not only the first kind of predictability related to initial errors, but also the second kind of predictability associated with model parameter errors, moreover, the predictability problems of the coexistence of initial errors and parameter errors. With the CNOP approach, we study the ENSO predictability by a theoretical ENSO model. The results demonstrate that the prediction errors caused by the CNOP errors are only slightly larger than those yielded by the CNOP-I errors and then the model parameter errors may play a minor role in producing significant uncertainties for ENSO predictions. Thus, it is clear that the CNOP errors and their resultant prediction errors illustrate the combined effect on predictability of initial errors and model parameter errors and can be used to explore the relative importance of initial errors and parameter errors in yielding considerable prediction errors, which helps identify the dominant source of the errors that cause prediction uncertainties. It is finally expected that more realistic models will be adopted to investigate this use of CNOP. Correspondence to: W. Duan (duanws@lasg.iap.ac.cn)
Examining Technology Uses in the Classroom: Developing Fraction Sense Using Virtual Manipulative Concept Tutorials

This paper describes a classroom teaching experiment conducted in three fifth-grade mathematics classrooms with students of different achievement levels. Virtual fraction manipulative concept tutorials were used in three one-hour class sessions to investigate the learning characteristics afforded by these technology tools. The virtual fraction manipulative concept tutorials exhibited the following learning characteristics that supported students during their learning of equivalence and fraction addition: (1) Allowed discovery learning through experimentation and hypothesis testing; (2) Encouraged students to see mathematical relationships; (3) Connected iconic and symbolic modes of representation explicitly; and (4) Prevented common error patterns in fraction addition. Technology can play a major role in making sense of mathematics, and has been used in classrooms to enhance mathematics instruction. Students who use appropriate technology persist longer, enjoy learning more, and demonstrate gains in mathematics performance (Goldman & Pellegrino, 1987; Okolo, Bahr, & Reith, 1993). Recent developments in computer technology have created innovative technology tools available at no cost on the World Wide Web called virtual manipulatives. A virtual manipulative is “an interactive, Web-based visual representation of a dynamic object that presents opportunities for constructing mathematical knowledge" (Moyer, Bolyard, & Spikell, 2002). In this project, we used two virtual manipulative applets from the National Library of Virtual Manipulatives (http://matti.usu.edu/nlvm/index.html) and one applet from the NCTM electronic standards (http://nctm.org) to reinforce fraction concepts in three fifthgrade classes with students of different ability levels. Our goal was to examine learning characteristics that supported students during their learning of equivalence and fraction addition. The fraction applets used in this three-day project are concept tutorials with instructions on using the manipulatives and activities that accompany the applets. They provide links to the NCTM Standards (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000) and are beneficial for visual learners. Advantages of these sites are that they are interactive, give the user control and ability to manipulate objects, and provide
RN-BSN education: 21st century barriers and incentives.

DESIGN
Qualitative using phenomenological inquiry. Methods Purposive sample of six RN-BSN students participated in focus group interviews. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.


FINDINGS
Incentives included: (1) being at the right time in life; (2) working with options; (3) Achieving a personal goal; (4) BSN provides a credible professional identity; (5) encouragement from contemporaries; and (6) user-friendly RN-BSN programmes. Barriers included: (1) time; (2) fear; (3) lack of recognition for past educational and life accomplishments; (4) equal treatment of BSN, ASN and diploma RNs; and (5) negative ASN or diploma school experience.


CONCLUSIONS
RN-BSN educational mobility is imperative as: (a) 70% of practicing RNs (USA) are educated at the ASN or diploma level; (b) nurse academicians and leaders are retiring in large numbers; and (c) research links BSN-educated RNs with improved patient outcomes.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
RN-BSN educational mobility is imperative to nurse managers and nurse administrators because: (a) research links BSN-educated RNs with improved patient outcomes; (b) nurse leaders and academicians are retiring in large numbers; and (c) approximately 70% of practicing RNs (USA) are educated at the associate degree or diploma level with only 15% moving on to achieve a degree past the associate level. Measures to foster incentives and inhibit barriers (caring curricula and recognition of different educational levels) should be implemented at all levels of nursing practice, management and academia.
Less is More : Financial Constraints and Innovative Efficiency

We show that financial constraints may benefit innovation by improving the efficiency of innovative activities. We measure firm-level innovative efficiency by patents (or patent citations) scaled by R&D (research and development) investment or the number of employees, and find that financial constraints are positively associated with innovative efficiency. Tests using the 1989 junk bond crisis as an exogenous shock to financial constraints suggest a causal interpretation for the link. Consistent with agency problems, the positive effect of financial constraints on innovative efficiency is stronger among firms with high excess cash holdings and low investment opportunities, and among firms in less competitive industries. Financial constraints appear to mitigate free cash flow problems that induce firms to make unproductive R&D investment in fields out of their direct expertise. Our findings point to a bright side of the role of financial constraints for corporate investment in intangible assets. JEL Classification: G32, G34, O32
Multi-dimensional visualization of large-scale marine hydrological environmental data

With the constant deepening of research on marine environment simulation and information expression, there are higher and higher requirements for the sense of reality of ocean data visualization results and the real-time interaction in the visualization process. This paper tackle the challenge of key technology of three-dimensional interaction and volume rendering technology based on GPU technology, develops large scale marine hydrological environmental data-oriented visualization software and realizes oceanographic planar graph, contour line rendering, isosurface rendering, factor field volume rendering and dynamic simulation of current field. To express the spatial characteristics and real-time update of massive marine hydrological environmental data better, this study establishes nodes in the scene for the management of geometric objects to realize high-performance dynamic rendering. The system employs CUDA (Computing Unified Device Architecture) parallel computing for the improvement of computation rate, uses NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) file format for data access and applies GPU programming technology to realize fast volume rendering of marine water environmental factors. The visualization software of marine hydrological environment developed can simulate and show properties and change process of marine water environmental factors efficiently and intuitively. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Anaesthesia: The influence of two different dental local anaesthetic solutions on the haemo-dynamic responses of children undergoing restorative dentistry: a randomised, single-blind, split-mouth study

Objectives This investigation was designed to study the haemodynamic effects of two different local anaesthetic solutions during restorative dental treatment in children.Design A randomised, single-blind, split-mouth cross-over design was employed using children undergoing bilaterally similar restorative treatments over two visits.Setting The study was performed in a dental hospital paediatric dentistry department.Methods Ten children participated. At one visit the local anaesthetic was 2% lidocaine (lignocaine) with 1:80,000 epinephrine (adrenaline); at the other the anaesthetic was 3% prilocaine with 0.03IU/ml felypressin. Local anaesthetic was administered at a dose of 0.5 ml/10 kg body weight. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and during treatment with an automatic blood pressure recorder. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Student's paired t test.Results Significant differences between treatments in diastolic blood pressure (F = 2.37; P = 0.05) and heart rate (F = 2.98; P < 0.02) were noted. The heart rate increased ten minutes following the injection of the epinephrine-containing solution. The diastolic blood pressure fell 20 minutes after injection of lidocaine with epinephrine.Conclusion The choice of local anaesthetic solution influences the haemodynamic response during restorative treatment in children.
Retarded electric and magnetic fields of a moving charge: Feynman's derivation of Li\'enard-Wiechert potentials revisited

Retarded electromagnetic potentials are derived from Maxwell's equations and the Lorenz condition. The difference found between these potentials and the conventional Liénard-Wiechert ones is explained by neglect, for the latter, of the motion-dependence of the effective charge density. The corresponding retarded fields of a point-like charge in both uniform and accelerated motion are compared with those given by the formulae of Heaviside, Feynman, Jefimenko and other authors. Contrary to claims in the pedagogical literature, the fields of an accelerated charge given by the Feynman or Jefimenko formulae, or derived from the Liénard-Wiechert potentials are all different from each other as well as from those presented in the present paper. A mathematical error concerning partial space and time derivatives in the derivation of the Jefimenko equations is pointed out.