LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit

A function is reversible if each input vector produces a unique output vector. Reversible logic is of growing importance to many future computer technologies. In this paper, the design of a reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is presented making use of multiplexer unit as well as control signals. ALU is one of the most important components of CPU that can be part of a programmable reversible computing device such as a quantum computer. In multiplexer based ALU the operations are performed depending on the selection line. The control unit based ALU is developed with 9« elementary reversible gates for four basic arithmetic logical operations on two w-bit operands. The series of operations are performed on the same line depending on control signals, instead of selecting the desired result by a multiplexer. The later design is found to be advantageous over the former in terms of number of garbage outputs and constant inputs produced.
A survey study of the association between mobile phone use and daytime sleepiness in California high school students

BACKGROUND
Mobile phone use is near ubiquitous in teenagers. Paralleling the rise in mobile phone use is an equally rapid decline in the amount of time teenagers are spending asleep at night. Prior research indicates that there might be a relationship between daytime sleepiness and nocturnal mobile phone use in teenagers in a variety of countries. As such, the aim of this study was to see if there was an association between mobile phone use, especially at night, and sleepiness in a group of U.S. teenagers.


METHODS
A questionnaire containing an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) modified for use in teens and questions about qualitative and quantitative use of the mobile phone was completed by students attending Mountain View High School in Mountain View, California (n = 211).


RESULTS
Multivariate regression analysis indicated that ESS score was significantly associated with being female, feeling a need to be accessible by mobile phone all of the time, and a past attempt to reduce mobile phone use. The number of daily texts or phone calls was not directly associated with ESS. Those individuals who felt they needed to be accessible and those who had attempted to reduce mobile phone use were also ones who stayed up later to use the mobile phone and were awakened more often at night by the mobile phone.


CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between daytime sleepiness and mobile phone use was not directly related to the volume of texting but may be related to the temporal pattern of mobile phone use.
The animation of M.C. Escher's "Belvedere"

Producer: Sony Pictures Imageworks FX Supervisor: John Nelson FX Producer: Robin Griffin FX Coordinator: Jacquie Barnbrook Production Assistant: Darcy Fray CG Supervisor: John Mclaughlin Animation Director: Eric Armstrong Animator: Alex Sokoloff Lead TA: Rob Groome Lead Digital Artist: Colin Campbell Animator: David Vallone Match Mover: Michael Harbour Digital Artist: Gimo Chanphianamvong Lead Compositor: Jason Dowdeswell Technical Director: John Decker
Compact hybrid-integrated 100-Gbit/s TOSA for 40-km transmission

We developed a compact hybrid-integrated 100 Gbit/s TOSA using an EADFB laser array with a spot-size converter and a silica-based AWG multiplexer. Error-free operation for a 40-km transmission was demonstrated at an operating temperature of 55 °C.
Low-frequency and common genetic variation in ischemic stroke: The METASTROKE collaboration.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of common and low-frequency genetic variants on the risk of ischemic stroke (all IS) and etiologic stroke subtypes.


METHODS
We meta-analyzed 12 individual genome-wide association studies comprising 10,307 cases and 19,326 controls imputed to the 1000 Genomes (1 KG) phase I reference panel. We selected variants showing the highest degree of association (p < 1E-5) in the discovery phase for replication in Caucasian (13,435 cases and 29,269 controls) and South Asian (2,385 cases and 5,193 controls) samples followed by a transethnic meta-analysis. We further investigated the p value distribution for different bins of allele frequencies for all IS and stroke subtypes.


RESULTS
We showed genome-wide significance for 4 loci: ABO for all IS, HDAC9 for large vessel disease (LVD), and both PITX2 and ZFHX3 for cardioembolic stroke (CE). We further refined the association peaks for ABO and PITX2. Analyzing different allele frequency bins, we showed significant enrichment in low-frequency variants (allele frequency <5%) for both LVD and small vessel disease, and an enrichment of higher frequency variants (allele frequency 10% and 30%) for CE (all p < 1E-5).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the missing heritability in IS subtypes can in part be attributed to low-frequency and rare variants. Larger sample sizes are needed to identify the variants associated with all IS and stroke subtypes.
Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences

MOTIVATION
In 2001 and 2002, we published two papers (Bioinformatics, 17, 282-283, Bioinformatics, 18, 77-82) describing an ultrafast protein sequence clustering program called cd-hit. This program can efficiently cluster a huge protein database with millions of sequences. However, the applications of the underlying algorithm are not limited to only protein sequences clustering, here we present several new programs using the same algorithm including cd-hit-2d, cd-hit-est and cd-hit-est-2d. Cd-hit-2d compares two protein datasets and reports similar matches between them; cd-hit-est clusters a DNA/RNA sequence database and cd-hit-est-2d compares two nucleotide datasets. All these programs can handle huge datasets with millions of sequences and can be hundreds of times faster than methods based on the popular sequence comparison and database search tools, such as BLAST.
Costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban areas of China: a cross-sectional study in four cities

PURPOSE
The economic burden of COPD has not been well studied in China. This study investigated the total costs caused by COPD and the influencing factors for the high economic burden in urban areas of China.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 678 COPD patients in four cities in China in 2011. The average annual direct medical costs (DMCs), direct nonmedical costs (DNMCs), and indirect costs (ICs) on COPD were measured by median and mean (± standard deviation). Logistic regression model was used to explore factors related to high total costs on COPD.


RESULTS
The median annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs per COPD patient were RMB 5565 Yuan (US$ 862), 0 Yuan (US$ 0), and 0 Yuan (US$ 0), respectively, and the mean annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs per COPD patient were RMB 11968 (±22422) Yuan [US$ 1853 (±3472)], 539 (±2092) Yuan [US$ 83 (±324)], and 2087 (±8110) Yuan [US$ 323 (±1256)], respectively. The annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs for diagnosed COPD patients were RMB 195.70 billion Yuan (US$ 30.30 billion), 8.78 billion Yuan (US$ 1.36 billion), and 34.10 billion Yuan (US$ 5.28 billion), respectively, in China. Hospitalization accounted for 56.7% of the total costs. High economic burden was significantly related to age, acute exacerbations, and disease severity in COPD patients.


CONCLUSION
COPD posed a heavy economic burden in China. Measures to delay the disease progression and to reduce the risks of acute exacerbation and hospitalization will help substantially lower the costs for COPD care.
Case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in China

Introduction: A higher incidence of prostate cancer is observed in the Western world than in Asian countries. Although it is relatively rare in China, an increased incidence has been reported in recent years. Studies in high-risk populations have suggested that dietary fat may play a role in enhancing the risk of developing prostate cancer. However, limited epidemiologic study has never examined the role of diet in low risk populations. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 12 cities in China to evaluate the relationship between dietary factors and prostate cancer risk. We conducted personal interviews with 133 histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 1989 to 1992 and 265 neighborhood controls of similar age. Results: Cases were more likely than controls to consume food with high fat and from animal sources (p<0.01). The daily fat intake and the percentage of energy from fat were statistically significantly higher among cases than among controls (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratio for total fat between lowest quartiles and highest quartiles was OR=3.6 (95percent C.I. 1.8-7.2); for saturated fat, OR=2.9 (95percent C.I. 1.5- 5.7); and for unsaturated fat, OR=3.3 (95percent C.I. 1.7- 6.3). Discussion: The data suggest that dietary fat, both saturated and unsaturated, are associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer in a low risk population.
Source localization using vector sensor array in a multipath environment

Coherent signals from distinct directions is a natural characterization of the multipath propagation effect. This paper addresses the problem of coherent/fully correlated source localization using vector sensor arrays. The maximum likelihood (ML) and minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) estimators for source direction-of-arrival (DOA) and signal polarization parameters are derived. These estimators require no search over the polarization parameters. In addition, a novel method for "decorrelating" the incident signals is presented. This method is based on the polarization smoothing algorithm (PSA) and enables the use of eigenstructure-based techniques, which assume uncorrelated or partially correlated signals. The method is implemented as a preprocessing stage before applying eigenstructure-based techniques, such as MUSIC. Unlike other existing preprocessing techniques, such as spatial smoothing and forward-backward (FB) averaging, this method is not limited to any specific array geometry. The performance of the proposed PSA preprocessing combined with MUSIC is evaluated and compared to the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao Bound (CRB) and the ML and MVDR estimators. Simulation results show that the MVDR and PSA-MUSIC asymptotically achieve the CRB for a scenario with two coherent sources with and without an uncorrelated interference source. A sensitivity study of PSA-MUSIC to source polarization was also conducted via simulations.
Validation of the Brazilian version of the neurological fatigue index for multiple sclerosis.

UNLABELLED
The Neurological Fatigue Index for Multiple Sclerosis (NFI-MS) is a new fatigue assessment instrument. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the NFI-MS (NFI-MS/BR).


METHOD
Two hundred and forty subjects with MS were recruited for this study. The adaptation of the NFI-MS was performed by translation and back translation methodology. In psychometric analysis was performed the administration of the questionnaires Epworth Sleep Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, NFI-MS/BR and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with retest of the NFI-MS/BR after 7 days.


RESULTS
Reliability was assessed (intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.77 and 0.86), and validity by testing 41 hypotheses about expected correlations between subscales and confirmed 36. The majority of correlations were demonstrated.


CONCLUSION
The NFI-MS/BR is a cross-culturally adapted, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing MS fatigue among Brazilian subjects.
Ideals in Left Almost Semigroups

A left almost semigroup (LA-semigroup) or an Abel-Grassmann’s groupoid (AG-groupoid) is investigated in several papers. In this paper we have discussed ideals in LA-semigroups. Specifically, we have shown that every ideal in an LA-semigroup S with left identity e is prime if and only if it is idempotent and the set of ideals of S is totally ordered under inclusion. We have shown that an ideal of S is prime if and only if it is semiprime and strongly irreducible. We have proved also that every ideal in a regular LA-semigroup S is prime if and only if the set of ideals of S is totally ordered under inclusion. We have proved in the end that every ideal in S is prime if and only if it is strongly irreducible and the set of ideals of S form a semilattice.
Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive

0747-5632/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: University of North Texas, College of Business, 1155 Union Circle #311160, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA. E-mail addresses: mohammad.salehan@unt.edu (M. Salehan), arash.negah ban@unt.edu (A. Negahban). 1 These authors contributed equally to the work. Mohammad Salehan 1,⇑, Arash Negahban 1
Bob: a free signal processing and machine learning toolbox for researchers

Bob is a free signal processing and machine learning toolbox originally developed by the Biometrics group at Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland. The toolbox is designed to meet the needs of researchers by reducing development time and efficiently processing data. Firstly, Bob provides a researcher-friendly Python environment for rapid development. Secondly, efficient processing of large amounts of multimedia data is provided by fast C++ implementations of identified bottlenecks. The Python environment is integrated seamlessly with the C++ library, which ensures the library is easy to use and extensible. Thirdly, Bob supports reproducible research through its integrated experimental protocols for several databases. Finally, a strong emphasis is placed on code clarity, documentation, and thorough unit testing. Bob is thus an attractive resource for researchers due to this unique combination of ease of use, efficiency, extensibility and transparency. Bob is an open-source library and an ongoing community effort.
Eccentric training in the treatment of tendinopathy

7 Abbreviations 8 Original papers 9 Introduction/Background 10 The normal tendon 11 Anatomy 11 Collagen fibre orientation 12 Internal architecture 12 General innervation 13 General biomechanical forces in tendons 14 Metabolism 15 Disuse/immobilisation 15 Exercise/remobilisation 15 The Achilles tendon 17 Anatomy 17 The myotendinous junction (MTJ) 18 The osteotendinous junction (OTJ) 18 Tendon structure 19 Circulation 19 Innervation 19 Biomechanics 20 Achilles tendinopathy 20 Definitions 20 Epidemiology 21 Aetiology 21 Intrinsic risk factors 21 Extrinsic risk factors 22 Pathogenesis 23 Histology 24 Pain mechanisms 24 Clinical symptoms 25 Clinical examination 25 Differential diagnoses 25 Treatment 26 The patellar tendon 28 Anatomy 28 Tendon structure 29 Circulation 29 Innervation 29 Biomechanics 29 Eccentric training in the treatment of tendinopathy 5 Patellar tendinopathy 30 Definitions 30 Epidemiology 30 Aetiology 30 Intrinsic risk factors 31 Extrinsic risk factors 31 Pathogenesis 32 Histology 32 Pain mechanisms 32 Clinical symptoms 33 Clinical examination 33 Differential diagnoses 34 Treatment 34 The supraspinatus tendon 36 Anatomy 36 Tendon structure 37 Circulation 38 Innervation 38 Biomechanics 38 Supraspinatus tendinopathy 39 Definitions 39 Epidemiology 39 Aetiology 39 Intrinsic risk factors 39 Extrinsic risk factors 40 Pathogenesis 40 Histology 41 Pain mechanisms 41 Clinical symptoms 42 Clinical examination 42 Differential diagnoses 42 Treatment 43 General aims 45 Material and methods 46 Subjects 46 General inclusion and exclusion criteria 47 Inclusion criteria 47 Exclusion criteria 47 Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging 48 Treatment methods 48 Coaching 48 Eccentric training program 49 Study I 50 Study II 51
Knowledge-based Supervision for Domain-adaptive Semantic Role Labeling

Semantic role labeling (SRL) is a method for the semantic analysis of texts that adds a level of semantic abstraction on top of syntactic analysis, for instance adding semantic role labels like Agent on top of syntactic functions like Subject . SRL has been shown to benefit various natural language processing applications such as question answering, information extraction, and summarization. Automatic SRL systems are typically based on a predefined model of semantic predicate argument structure incorporated in lexical knowledge bases like PropBank or FrameNet. They are trained using supervised or semi-supervisedmachine learningmethods using training data labeled with predicate (word sense) and role labels. Even state-of-the-art systems based on deep learning still rely on a labeled training set. However, despite the success in an experimental setting, the real-world application of SRL methods is still prohibited by severe coverage problems (lexicon coverage problem) and lack of domain-relevant training data for training supervised systems (domain adaptation problem). These issues apply to English, but are even more severe for other languages, for which only small resources exist. The goal of this thesis is to develop knowledge-based methods to improve lexicon coverage and training data coverage for SRL. We use linked lexical knowledge bases to extend the lexicon coverage and as a basis for automatic training data generation across languages and domains. Links between lexical resources have already been previously used to address this problem, but the linkings have not been explored and applied at a large scale and the resulting generated training data only contained predicate (word sense) labels, but no role labels. To create predicate and role labels, corpus-based methods have been used. These rely on the existence of labeled training data as sources for label transfer to unlabeled corpora. For certain languages, like German or Spanish, several lexical knowledge bases, but only small amounts of labeled training data exist. For such languages, knowledge-based methods promise greater improvements. In our experiments, we target FrameNet, a lexical-semantic resource with a strong focus on semantic abstraction and generalization, but the methods developed in this thesis can be extended to other models of predicate argument structure, like VerbNet and PropBank. This
An Image Processing Approach for Detection, Quantification, and Identification of Plant Leaf Diseases -A Review

Disease detection and health monitoring on the plant are very critical issue for sustainable agriculture. This paper aims to analyze different methods that are used in image processing techniques to detect, classify & quantify plant leaf diseases from digital images. In this paper, the authors evaluate mainly in three well regulated manners: first Detection of Leaf Disease, second Classification i.e. recognizes the type of disease and the last one is Quantification of Disease i.e. measures the severity of Disease. The findings of authors and limitations in each methodology with respect to applications are consolidated. Each methodology has its unique way of usefulness apart from its limitations. Most of the times some pre-processing technique as enhancement, feature extraction, and noise removal techniques need to introduce to detect the leaf disease are compared here. An identification issue deals with associating a given input pattern with one of the distinct classes. So, there is various successful machine learning and soft computing techniques to classify the disease. Deciding on the method for identification is often a difficult task because the quality of the results can be varying for different input data. The review also considers disease severity to predict yield loss and monitoring & forecasting epidemics, for assessing crop disease resistance. This review considers leaf disease severity assessment of plant at the scale of individual and defines our current understanding of the sources which need some more improvements. Keywords-Image processing, Plant leaf disease detection & classification, Quantification of plant leaf disease.
Secondary cleft rhinoplasty rejuvenates the nose: a suggestion from a panel survey.

BACKGROUND
Cleft-lip nasal deformity (CLND) affects the overall facial appearance and attractiveness. The CLND nose shares some features in part with the aging nose.


OBJECTIVES
This questionnaire survey examined: 1) the panel perceptions of the role of secondary cleft rhinoplasty in nasal rejuvenation; and 2) the influence of a medical background in cleft care, age and gender of the panel members on the estimated age of the CLND nose.


STUDY DESIGN
Using a cross-sectional study design, we enrolled a random sample of adult laypersons and health care providers. The predictor variables were secondary cleft rhinoplasty (before/after) and a medical background in cleft care (yes/no). The outcome variable was the estimated age of nose in photographs derived from 8 German nonsyndromic CLND patients. Other study variables included age, gender, and career of the assessors. Appropriate descriptive and univariate statistics were computed, and a P value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.


RESULTS
The sample consisted of 507 lay volunteers and 51 medical experts (407 [72.9%] were female; mean age ± SD = 24.9 ± 8.2 y). The estimated age of the CLND noses was higher than their real age. The rhinoplasty decreased the estimated age to a statistically significant degree (P < .0001). A medical background, age, and gender of the participants were not individually associated with their votes (P > .05).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that CLND noses lack youthful appearance. Secondary cleft rhinoplasty rejuvenates the nose and makes it come close to the actual age of the patients.
Information Retrieval Features for Personality Traits

This paper describes the methods employed to solve the Author Profiling task at PAN-2015. The main goal was to test the use of features derived from Information Retrieval to identify the personality traits of the author of a given text. This paper describes the features, the classification algorithms employed, and how the experiments were run. Also, I provide a comparative analysis of my results compared to those of other groups.
Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titers two decades after vaccination in a cohort of students and post-graduates of the Medical School at the University of Palermo, Italy.

Introduction and objective. The introduction of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) for newborn babies in Italy in 1991, extended to 12-year-old children for the first 12 years of application, has been a major achievement in terms of the prevention of HBV infection. The objective of this study was to analyse the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination among healthcare students with different working seniorities. Materials and method. A cross-sectional observational study of undergraduate and postgraduate students attending the Medical School of the University of Palermo was conducted from January 2014 - July 2016. HBV serum markers were performed with commercial chemiluminescence assays. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test (Mantel-Haenszel), whereas means were compared by using the Student's t test. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated by a multivariable logistic regression, using a model constructed to examine predictors of anti-HBs titer above 10 mIU/mL, assumed as protective. Results. Of the 2,114 subjects evaluated - all vaccinated at infancy or at the age of 12 years and were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative - 806 (38.1%) had an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending a healthcare profession school (i.e., nursing and midwifery), than a medical postgraduate level school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy (p <0.001, 95% CI 2.63-5.26, adjusted OR 3.70). Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful for identifying small numbers of unvaccinated subjects, or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred to a booster series of vaccinations.