LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast glucose-responsive, high loading capacity erythrocyte to self-regulate the release of insulin.

Insulin (INS) delivery system that can mimic normal insulin secretion to maintain the blood glucose level (BGL) in the normal range is an ideal treatment for diabetes. However, most of the existing closed-loop INS delivery systems respond slowly to the changes in BGL, resulting in a time lag between the abnormal BGL and the release of INS, which is not suitable for practical application. In this study, glucose oxidase (GOx)-modified erythrocytes are used as INS carriers (GOx-INS-ER) that can rapidly self-regulate the release of INS upon the changes in BGL. In this system, glucose can be broken down into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide by GOx-INS-ER, and the latter will rupture the erythrocyte membrane to release INS within minutes. A pulsatile release of INS can be achieved upon the changes in the glucose concentration. This GOx-INS-ER enables diabetic rats to overcome hyperglycemia within 1 h, and a single injection of this GOx-INS-ER into the STZ-induced diabetic rats can maintain the BGL in the normal range up to 9 days.


STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
Diabetes mellitus has been a major public health threatener with global prevalence. Although, glucose-responsive carriers that can release insulin (INS) in a closed loop have been explored greatly in recent years, their sluggish glucose-responsive property and low INS-loading content greatly restrict their practical application [ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 4194]. In this work, we reported INS-loaded erythrocytes featuring ultrafast glucose-responsive property and high INS loading content, which could release INS in a closed loop. These GOX-INS-ERs could respond to the changes in glucose level within several minutes and self-regulate the release of INS for a long time. Single injection of GOX-INS-ER can overcome hyperglycemia in diabetic mice within 1 h and maintain the baseline level of glucose up to 9 days. We think our method may provide a robust way to potentiate diabetes treatment.
Analysis of SEER Dataset for Breast Cancer Diagnosis using C4.5 Classification Algorithm

Medical professionals need a reliable prediction methodology to diagnose cancer and distinguish between the different stages in cancer. Classification is a data mining function that assigns items in a collection to target groups or classes. C4.5 classification algorithm has been applied to SEER breast cancer dataset to classify patients into either “Carcinoma in situ” (beginning or pre-cancer stage) or “Malignant potential” group. Pre-processing techniques have been applied to prepare the raw dataset and identify the relevant attributes for classification. Random test samples have been selected from the pre-processed data to obtain classification rules. The rule set obtained was tested with the remaining data. The results are presented and discussed. Keywords— Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Classification, Clinical Data, SEER Dataset, C4.5 Algorithm
Clinical inertia as a clinical safeguard.

INERTIA IS THE RESISTANCE OF A PHYSICAL OBJECT TO A change in its state of motion or rest. Phillips et al have described clinical inertia as “failure of health care providers to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated.” Although clinical inertia may apply to all medical fields, given the lag time between advances in clinical understanding and incorporation into clinical guidelines, as well as the other time needed for the translation of clinical guidelines into clinical practice, Phillips et al intended to limit the discussion of inertia to disorders in which abnormal values may be the only manifestation of the disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Main causes of clinical inertia include overestimation of care provided, use of “soft” reasons to avoid intensification of therapy (incorrect perception of clinical improvement, dietary nonadherence, and concerns about translation of clinical trials results to individual patients), and lack of understanding about achieving therapeutic goals. While physicians may cite patient refusal or nonadherence as the reason for clinical inertia, it seems likely that in many instances, physician inertia is the reason for the problem. Why physicians—who may have knowledge of and may be familiar with standard-of-care guidelines—seem to be subject to clinical inertia is still an open question. However, there may be an alternative interpretation for the phenomenon: clinical inertia may be a clinical safeguard for the drugintensive style of medicine fueled by the current medical literature.
A Security Analysis of Double-Block-Length Hash Functions with the Rate 1

In this article, the security of double-block-length hash functions with the rate 1 is analyzed, whose compression functions are composed of block ciphers with their key length twice larger than their block length. First, the analysis by Satoh, Haga and Kurosawa is investigated, and it is shown that there exists a case uncovered by their analysis. Second, a large class of compression functions are defined, and it is shown that they are at most as secure as those of single-block-length hash functions. Finally, some candidate hash functions are given which are possibly optimally collision-resistant. key words: cryptographic hash function, double-block-length hash function, compression function
United States (US) multi-center study to assess the validity and reliability of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)

Study design:Multi-center, prospective, cohort study.Objectives:To assess the validity and reliability of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) in measuring functional ability in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in the United States (US).Methods:Functional ability was measured with the SCIM III during the first week of admittance into inpatient acute rehabilitation and within one week of discharge from the same rehabilitation program. Motor and sensory neurologic impairment was measured with the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the default functional measure currently used in most US hospitals, was used as a comparison standard for the SCIM III. Statistical analyses were used to test the validity and reliability of the SCIM III.Results:Total agreement between raters was above 70% on most SCIM III tasks and all κ-coefficients were statistically significant (P<0.001). The coefficients of Pearson correlation between the paired raters were above 0.81 and intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.81. Cronbach’s-α was above 0.7, with the exception of the respiration task. The coefficient of Pearson correlation between the FIM and SCIM III was 0.8 (P<0.001). For the respiration and sphincter management subscale, the SCIM III was more responsive to change, than the FIM (P<0.0001).Conclusion:Overall, the SCIM III is a reliable and valid measure of functional change in SCI. However, improved scoring instructions and a few modifications to the scoring categories may reduce variability between raters and enhance clinical utility.
PREDICTION OF VIBRATION AMPLITUDE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN MACHINING OF AL6061 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

In this work, the Prediction of acceleration amplitude and surface roughness of Aluminium alloy (Al6061), reinforced with 15% Silicon Carbide particle (SiCp) metal matrix composites, has been made in the end milling process considering various machining parameters. The MMC was considered the difficult to machining due its reinforcement hardness and nature of abrasive element and the prediction of the amplitude and surface roughness are determined by conducting experiments on it. The experimental observations are used in a statistical method (RSM) and the mathematical prediction model is developed such that the Acceleration amplitude (φa) and surface roughness (Ra) are the response functions and the machining parameters, spindle speed (s), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and nose radius (r) are the design variables. The prediction model is used to determine the objective functions at different machining conditions and to analyses the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness and acceleration amplitude. The results of the model compared with the experimental results and found to be good agreement with them. The output of prediction model helps in selection of process parameters that reduce vibration and surface roughness, which ensures quality of milling process.
Knowledge, attitude and practices: assessing maternal and child health care handbook intervention in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND
Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook, an integrated MCH home-based record, was piloted in four provinces of Vietnam (Dien Bien, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and An Giang). The study is aimed at assessing the changes in pregnant women's behavior towards the frequencies of their antenatal care service utilizations and their subsequent breastfeeding practices up to six months of age, through the MCH Handbook intervention. This is because the levels of pregnant women's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards their antenatal care service utilizations and exclusive breastfeeding practices have been previously neither analyzed nor reported in relation to MCH home-based records in the country.


METHODS
To compare pre-intervention baseline in 2011, post-intervention data were collected in 2013. Structured interviews were conducted with randomly selected 810 mothers of children 6-18 months of age in the four provinces. A focus group discussion among mothers in each of four provinces was conducted.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in pregnant women's knowledge about the need for ≥3 antenatal care visits between pre- and post-interventions. Yet, the proportion of pregnant women who made ≥3 antenatal care visits in post-intervention was significantly higher than in pre-intervention. Thus, MCH Handbook is likely to have contributed to practicing ≥3 antenatal care visits, by changing their attitude. The proportion of mothers who know the need for exclusive breastfeeding necessary during the initial six months significantly increased between pre- and post-interventions. The proportion of those practicing exclusive breastfeeding significantly increased between pre- and post-interventions, too. Thus, MCH Handbook is likely to have contributed to the increase in both knowledge about and practices of exclusive breastfeeding.


CONCLUSION
The results of study imply that MCH Handbook contributed to the increase in pregnant women's practices of ≥3 antenatal care visits and in their knowledge about and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. While there is room for improvement in the level of its data recording, the study confirmed that MCH Handbook plays a catalytic role in ensuring a continuum of maternal, newborn and child care. Note that this study is the first study that attempted to estimate pregnant women's behavioral changes through MCH Handbook intervention in Vietnam.
RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases: new structures, new insights, new questions

The RBR (RING-BetweenRING-RING) or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a group of 12 complex multidomain enzymes. This unique family of E3 ligases includes parkin, whose dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease, and HOIP (HOIL-1-interacting protein) and HOIL-1 (haem-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1), members of the LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). The RBR E3 ligases share common features with both the larger RING and HECT (homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus) E3 ligase families, directly catalysing ubiquitin transfer from an intrinsic catalytic cysteine housed in the C-terminal domain, as well as recruiting thioester-bound E2 enzymes via a RING domain. Recent three-dimensional structures and biochemical findings of the RBRs have revealed novel protein domain folds not previously envisioned and some surprising modes of regulation that have raised many questions. This has required renaming two of the domains in the RBR E3 ligases to more accurately reflect their structures and functions: the C-terminal Rcat (required-for-catalysis) domain, essential for catalytic activity, and a central BRcat (benign-catalytic) domain that adopts the same fold as the Rcat, but lacks a catalytic cysteine residue and ubiquitination activity. The present review discusses how three-dimensional structures of RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) E3 ligases have provided new insights into our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.
Vision-Based 3-D Grasping of 3-D Objects With a Simple 2-D Gripper

Object grasping or localization is an essential stage in automatic manufacturing processes. In general, stable grasping of 3-D objects is achieved by a multifinger hand. Different from the existing approaches, in this paper, we propose a novel vision-based method for grasping 3-D objects with a simple 2-D gripper. We describe the grasping strategy, the range of 3-D objects which can be grasped, and the region of grasping orientations which can guarantee successful actions. The proposed method facilitates the freedom of grasping orientation, which endows the strategy with a larger application range. Furthermore, we also explain the potential applications of the proposed method in grasping 3-D objects with other 2-D grippers. Although the proposed method uses a 2-D gripper and 2-D vision information, it can be regarded as a 3-D grasping approach due to the following facts. 1) The objects to be grasped are 3-D. The grasping process and the grasping orientations are analyzed and given in a 3-D space. 2) The contact points between the object and the gripper are not always in a 2-D plane. In the proposed method, the concept attractive region in configuration space, which was proposed in the previous work, is introduced to analyze the whole grasping process. Compared with other traditional methods, the proposed method directly gives the range of objects which can be grasped as well as the region of grasping orientations. By establishing the relationship between our method and traditional ones, it is proved that the bottom of the attractive region corresponds to a stable grasp.
Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells

Several cell types have been proposed to create niches for haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the expression patterns of HSC maintenance factors have not been systematically studied and no such factor has been conditionally deleted from any candidate niche cell. Thus, the cellular sources of these factors are undetermined. Stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KITL) is a key niche component that maintains HSCs. Here, using Scfgfp knock-in mice, we found that Scf was primarily expressed by perivascular cells throughout the bone marrow. HSC frequency and function were not affected when Scf was conditionally deleted from haematopoietic cells, osteoblasts, nestin-cre- or nestin-creER-expressing cells. However, HSCs were depleted from bone marrow when Scf was deleted from endothelial cells or leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing perivascular stromal cells. Most HSCs were lost when Scf was deleted from both endothelial and Lepr-expressing perivascular cells. Thus, HSCs reside in a perivascular niche in which multiple cell types express factors that promote HSC maintenance.
Triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA and delayed MRI in patients with benign multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether a triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) or delayed MRI increase the number, size, and conspicuousness of enhancing lesions in patients with benign multiple sclerosis.


METHODS
T1 weighted brain MRI was carried out on 20 patients with benign multiple sclerosis (expanded disability status scale < 3 with a disease duration > 10 years) in two sessions. In the first session, one scan was obtained before and two scans five to seven minutes and 20-30 minutes after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (standard dose). In the second session, six to 24 hours later, the same procedure was repeated with 0.3 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (triple dose).


RESULTS
Nine enhancing lesions were found in seven patients (35%) using the standard dose of Gd-DTPA. The numbers of enhancing lesions increased to 13 (P = 0.03) and the number of patients with such lesions to eight (40%) on the delayed standard dose scans. On the early triple dose scans, we found 19 enhancing lesions in 10 patients (50%). The number of enhancing lesions was significantly higher (P = 0.01) than that obtained with the early standard dose. The number of enhancing lesions was 18 and the number of "active" patients 11 (55%) on the delayed triple dose scans. The enhancing areas increased progressively from the early standard dose scans to the delayed triple dose scans. The contrast ratios of the lesions detected in early standard dose scans was lower than those of lesions present in the early (P = 0.01) and delayed (P = 0.04) triple dose scans.


CONCLUSIONS
More enhancing lesions were detected in patients with benign multiple sclerosis with both delay of MRI and the use of triple dose of Gd-DTPA suggesting that the amount of inflammation in the lesions of such patients is mild and heterogeneous.
Power-law voltage acceleration: A key element for ultra-thin gate oxide reliability

The properties of the so-called time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of silicon dioxide-based gate dielectric for microelectronics technology have been investigated and reviewed. Experimental data covering a wide range of oxide thickness, stress voltage, temperature, and for the two bias polarities were gathered using structures with a wide range of gate oxide areas, and over very long stress times. Thickness dependence of oxide breakdown was shown to be in excellent agreement with statistical models founded in the percolation theory which explain the drastic reduction of the time-to-breakdown with decreasing oxide thickness. The voltage dependence of time-to-breakdown was found to follow a power-law behavior rather than an exponential law as commonly assumed. Our investigation on the inter-relationship between voltage and temperature dependencies of oxide breakdown reveals that a strong temperature activation with non-Arrhenius behavior is consistent with the power-law voltage dependence. The power-law voltage dependence in combination with strong temperature activation provides the most important reliability relief in compensation for the strong decrease of time-to-breakdown resulting from the reduction of the oxide thickness. Using the maximum energy of injected electrons at the anode interface as breakdown variable, we have resolved the polarity gap of timeand charge-to-breakdown (TBD and QBD), confirming that the fluency and the electron energy at anode interface are the fundamental quantities controlling oxide breakdown. Combining this large database with a recently proposed cell-based analytical version of the percolation model, we extract the defect generation efficiency responsible for breakdown. Following a review of different breakdown mechanisms and models, we discuss how the release of hydrogen through the coupling between vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom can explain the power-law dependence of defect generation efficiency. On the basis of these results, a unified and global picture of oxide breakdown is constructed and the resulting model is applied to project reliability limits. In this regard, it is concluded that SiO2-based dielectrics can provide reliable gate dielectric, even to a thickness of 1 nm, and that CMOS scaling may well be viable for the 50 nm technology node. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 0026-2714/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserv doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2005.04.004 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 802 769 1217; fax: +1 802 769 1220. E-mail address: eywu@us.ibm.com (E.Y. Wu).
Mathematical modeling of photovoltaic module with Simulink

This paper presents a unique step-by-step procedure for the simulation of photovoltaic modules with Matlab/ Simulink. One-diode equivalent circuit is employed in order to investigate I-V and P-V characteristics of a typical 36 W solar module. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icons and a dialog box like Simulink block libraries.
Mediterranean diet and health status: an updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score.

OBJECTIVE
To update previous meta-analyses of cohort studies that investigated the association between the Mediterranean diet and health status and to utilize data coming from all of the cohort studies for proposing a literature-based adherence score to the Mediterranean diet.


DESIGN
We conducted a comprehensive literature search through all electronic databases up to June 2013.


SETTING
Cohort prospective studies investigating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health outcomes. Cut-off values of food groups used to compute the adherence score were obtained.


SUBJECTS
The updated search was performed in an overall population of 4 172 412 subjects, with eighteen recent studies that were not present in the previous meta-analyses.


RESULTS
A 2-point increase in adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was reported to determine an 8 % reduction of overall mortality (relative risk = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·91, 0·93), a 10 % reduced risk of CVD (relative risk = 0·90; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·92) and a 4 % reduction of neoplastic disease (relative risk = 0·96; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·97). We utilized data coming from all cohort studies available in the literature for proposing a literature-based adherence score. Such a score ranges from 0 (minimal adherence) to 18 (maximal adherence) points and includes three different categories of consumption for each food group composing the Mediterranean diet.


CONCLUSIONS
The Mediterranean diet was found to be a healthy dietary pattern in terms of morbidity and mortality. By using data from the cohort studies we proposed a literature-based adherence score that can represent an easy tool for the estimation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet also at the individual level.
SUCCESS RATE OF FORMOCRESOL PULPOTOMY VERSUS MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE IN HUMAN PRIMARY MOLAR TOOTH

Background: In spite of long time and broad use of formaldehyde derivates (Fixation agent) in primary tooth pulp treatment, There is some concerns about these derivates such as variability, inconsistency success rate, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, alergenicity, and some other potential health hazards of them. Therefore other alternative pulpotomy procedures like Bioactive glass (BAG), Glutaraldehyde (2%), Hydroxyappetite (HA), Bone dried freezed (BDF), ferric sulfate (15%), laser, Electrosurgery (ES), Bone Morphogenic proteins (BMP), recombinant protein-1 (RP1), and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) have been compared. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess radiographic and clinical success rate of Formocresol (FC) pulpotomy in compare with MTA in human primary molar teeth. Methods: 64 molars were pulpotomized equally and randomly with mineral trioxide Aggregate and Formocresol. Prior to trial, we defined a case as failure, when one or more of the events such as external root resorption, internal root resorption, periapical and furca lucency, pain, swelling, mobility, dental abscess, or early extraction appeared. Every treated tooth was defined as successful, if any noted evident was not shown. Results: Totally, 60 teeth treatment (92.2 percent) were successful and 7.8 percent were failed. Failure and success rates for MTA group were 6.3 and 93.7 percent, respectively. Failure and success rates in FC group were 8.4 and 90.2 percent respectively. The difference between MTA and FC treatment methods was not significant (Fisher Exact test). Conclusion: Findings of this study show that mineral trioxide aggregate can be an alternative procedure for FC pulpotomy of primary tooth.