LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Neck injury to women in automobile accidents.

To the Editor:— Their statement that "the proportion (about 75%) of women with symptoms 6 to 26 months after the accident was as great in the groups not involved or no longer involved in litigation as in the group with pending litigation" is at substantial variance with the experience of other authors. In a series of 313 cases of rearend collisions treated by me and my associates from 1958 to 1962, the recovery period averaged 6.1 weeks. Prolongation of convalescence occurred in practically every instance in those patients with preexisting degenerative disk disease or arthritic changes in the cervical spine. Disability benefits, apart from litigation, may well influence the recovery of industrial employees, and it would be of interest to know how many of the 15 patients remaining symptomatic 6 to 20 months after the accident, either without suit or status of the litigation being unknown, continued to receive disability benefits
Patient and public attitudes towards informed consent models and levels of awareness of Electronic Health Records in the UK

BACKGROUND
The development of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) forms an integral part of the information strategy for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, with the aim of facilitating health information exchange for patient care and secondary use, including research and healthcare planning. Implementing EHR systems requires an understanding of patient expectations for consent mechanisms and consideration of public awareness towards information sharing as might be made possible through integrated EHRs across primary and secondary health providers.


OBJECTIVES
To explore levels of public awareness about EHRs and to examine attitudes towards different consent models with respect to sharing identifiable and de-identified records for healthcare provision, research and planning.


METHODS
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was administered to adult patients and members of the public in primary and secondary care clinics in West London, UK in 2011. In total, 5331 individuals participated in the survey, and 3157 were included in the final analysis.


RESULTS
The majority (91%) of respondents expected to be explicitly asked for consent for their identifiable records to be accessed for health provision, research or planning. Half the respondents (49%) did not expect to be asked for consent before their de-identified records were accessed. Compared with White British respondents, those from all other ethnic groups were more likely to anticipate their permission would be obtained before their de-identified records were used. Of the study population, 59% reported already being aware of EHRs before the survey. Older respondents and individuals with complex patterns of interaction with healthcare services were more likely to report prior awareness of EHRs. Individuals self-identifying as belonging to ethnic groups other than White British, and those with lower educational qualifications were less likely to report being aware of EHRs than White British respondents and respondents with degree-level education, respectively. Those who reported being aware of EHRs were less likely to say they expected explicit consent to be sought before use of their de-identified record.


CONCLUSIONS
A large number of patients remain unaware of EHRs, while preference for implicit consent is stronger among those who report previous awareness. Differences in awareness levels and consent expectations between groups with different socio-demographic characteristics suggest that public education and information campaigns should target specific groups to increase public awareness and ensure meaningful informed consent mechanisms.
New England migration trends

Recent studies and reports have called attention to the issue of population migration patterns in New England. To provide more targeted and regional data on this issue, NEPPC has developed a series of findings and maps that, for the first time, present a comprehensive, county-by-county portrait of New England population movements. The maps were constructed using data from the Internal Revenue Service, which annually tracks changes in the number of tax exemptions at the county level.
The Optimal Ball and Horoball Packings to the Coxeter Honeycombs in the Hyperbolic dspace

In a former paper [18] a method is described that determines the data and the density of the optimal ball or horoball packing to each Coxeter tiling in the hyperbolic 3-space. In this work we extend this procedure – based on the projective interpretation of the hyperbolic geometry – to higher dimensional Coxeter honeycombs in H, (d = 4, 5), and determine the metric data of their optimal ball and horoball packings, respectively.
The WHO quality of life (WHOQOL) questionnaire: Spanish development and validation studies

In the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) undertook a project to develop an instrument (the WHOQOL) for measuring quality of life (QoL). The WHOQOL was developed in the framework of a collaborative project involving numerous centers in different cultural settings. This paper describes the psychometric properties of the Spanish WHOQOL during its development. One thousand and eighty-two patients with physical health conditions, persons without any health condition, patients with schizophrenia, and family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia participated on the WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF field trials. QoL self-assessment was completed, together with sociodemographic and health status questions. Analysis was performed using classical psychometric methods. Results: Both versions of the WHOQOL showed satisfactory psychometric properties as follows: acceptability, internal consistency, and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF are suitable to use in patients with different health conditions, including schizophrenia, and in different populations, including caregivers. Spanish field trials are the first to report on use of the WHOQOL in persons with schizophrenia and caregivers. These results indicate that both versions are useful tools in assessing these groups, as the WHOQOL includes important dimensions commonly omitted from other generic QoL measures.
Widespread sensory hypersensitivity is a feature of chronic whiplash-associated disorder but not chronic idiopathic neck pain.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate sensory changes present in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders and chronic idiopathic neck pain using a variety of quantitative sensory tests to better understand the pain processing mechanisms underlying persistent symptoms.


METHODS
A case control study was used with 29 subjects with chronic whiplash-associated disorders, 20 subjects with chronic idiopathic neck pain, and 20 pain-free volunteers. Pressure pain thresholds were measured over the articular pillars of C2-C3, C5-C6, the median, radial, and ulnar nerve trunks in the arm and over a remote site, the muscle belly of tibialis anterior. Heat pain thresholds, cold pain thresholds, and von Frey hair sensibility were measured over the cervical spine, tibialis anterior, and deltoid insertion. Anxiety was measured with the Short-Form of the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory.


RESULTS
Pressure pain thresholds were decreased over cervical spine sites in both subject groups when compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the chronic whiplash-associated disorders group, pressure pain thresholds were also decreased over the tibialis anterior, median, and radial nerve trunks (P < 0.001). Heat pain thresholds were decreased and cold pain thresholds increased at all sites (P < 0.03). No differences in heat pain thresholds or cold pain thresholds were evident in the idiopathic neck pain group at any site compared with the control group (P > 0.27). No abnormalities in von Frey hair sensibility were evident in either neck pain group (P > 0.28).


DISCUSSION
Both chronic whiplash-associated disorders and idiopathic neck pain groups were characterized by mechanical hyperalgesia over the cervical spine. Whiplash subjects showed additional widespread hypersensitivity to mechanical pressure and thermal stimuli, which was independent of state anxiety and may represent changes in central pain processing mechanisms. This may have implications for future treatment approaches.
The unstable nonunited scaphoid waist fracture: results of treatment by open reduction, anterior wedge grafting, and internal fixation by volar buttress plate.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of treatment of unstable nonunited scaphoid waist fracture by anterior wedge graft and internal fixation with the use of volar buttress plate and screws.


METHODS
Fourteen adult male patients with unstable nonunited scaphoid waist fracture with a humpback deformity were treated by reduction of the collapse deformity, insertion of anterior wedge graft, and internal fixation with the use of volar buttress plate and screws. The mean patient age was 26 years, and the mean duration of the nonunion before surgery was 16.5 months. The follow-up time ranged from 9 to 19 months (mean, 11 mo). Thirteen of the fourteen nonunions healed with sound radiographic union. Pre-existing avascular necrosis was a major adverse factor for achievement of union in one patient, even after a second bone-grafting procedure.


RESULTS
Union was achieved in a mean of 3.8 months. Most of the patients had satisfactory correction of scaphoid deformity and the associated dorsal intercalated segment instability. Postoperatively, improvements were seen in the range of wrist flexion and extension, grip strength, and degree of dorsal intercalated segment instability.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the series suggest that the method of anterior wedge graft and internal fixation with the use of volar buttress plate and screws is effective for the treatment of unstable nonunited scaphoid waist fractures.


TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic IV.
Recursive circle packing problems

This paper presents a class of packing problems where circles may be placed either inside or outside other circles, the whole set being packed in a rectangle. This corresponds to a practical problem of packing tubes in a container; before being inserted in the container, tubes may be put inside other tubes in a recursive fashion. A variant of the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure is proposed for tackling this problem, and its performance assessed in a set of benchmark instances.
Mobile storage augmentation in mobile cloud computing: Taxonomy, approaches, and open issues

Worldwide employment of mobile devices in various critical domains, particularly healthcare, disaster recovery, and education has revolutionized data generation rate. However, rapidly rising data volume intensifies data storage and battery limitations of mobile devices. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) as the state-of-the-art mobile computing aims to augment mobile storage by leveraging infinite cloud resources to provide unlimited storage capabilities with energy-dissipation prevention. Researchers have already surveyed varied MCC aspects and its challenges, but successful futuristic Mobile Storage Augmentation (MSA) approaches demand deep insight into the current storage augmentation solutions that highlights critical challenges, which are lacking. This paper thoroughly investigates the main MSA issues in three domains of mobile computing, cloud computing, and MCC to present a taxonomy. Also, it examines several credible MSA approaches and mechanisms in MCC, classifies characteristics of cloud-based storage resources, and presents open issues that direct future research. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Context-Aware Multi-Agent Planning in intelligent environments

A system is context-aware if it can extract, interpret and use context information and adapt its functionality to the current context of use. Multi-agent planning generalizes the problem of planning in domains where several agents plan and act together, and share resources, activities, and goals. This contribution presents a practical extension of a formal theoretical model for Context-Aware Multi-Agent Planning based upon an argumentationbased defeasible logic. Our framework, named CAMAP, is implemented on a platform for open multi-agent systems and has been experimentally tested, among others, in applications of ambient intelligence in the field of health-care. CAMAP is based on a multi-agent partial-order planning paradigm in which agents have diverse abilities, use an argumentation-based defeasible contextual reasoning to support their own beliefs and refute the beliefs of the others according to their context knowledge during the plan search process. CAMAP shows to be an adequate approach to tackle ambient intelligence problems as it gathers together in a single framework the ability of planning while it allows agents to put forward arguments that support or argue upon the accuracy, unambiguity and reliability of the context-aware information. 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ensuring innovation competence in companies in emerging markets through the introduction of new quality methods

This paper presents the actual situation on quality methods in emerging countries. Brazil and India are typical examples of such countries. It includes an overview of the actual situation in these countries w.r.t. quality, the presentation of an approach to introduce such methods and a discussion on the results achieved.
A single LipiFlow® Thermal Pulsation System treatment improves meibomian gland function and reduces dry eye symptoms for 9 months.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of a single treatment with the LipiFlow(®) Thermal Pulsation System on signs of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dry eye symptoms over a 9-month period.


METHODS
Patients (n = 42 eyes, 21 subjects) diagnosed with MGD and dry eye symptoms were recruited for a non-significant risk, prospective, open-label, 1-month clinical trial. Patients received a single 12-minute treatment using the LipiFlow(®) Thermal Pulsation System on each eye. The LipiFlow(®) device applies heat to the conjunctival surfaces of the upper and lower inner eyelids while simultaneously applying pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid surfaces to express the meibomian glands. Patient symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Standard Patient Evaluation for Eye Dryness (SPEED) dry eye questionnaires; tear break-up time was measured with the dry eye test (DET™); and meibomian gland function was evaluated using a standardized diagnostic expression technique. Data are presented for patient's pre-treatment (baseline) and at 1-month and 9-month post-treatment.


RESULTS
Meibomian gland secretion scores improved significantly from baseline (4.4 ± 4.0) to 1-month post-treatment (11.3 ± 6.2; p < 0.0001) and this improvement was maintained with no significant regression at 9 months (11.7 ± 5.9). Similarly, baseline tear break-up time (4.8 ± 3.2) was significantly increased at 1 month (9.6 ± 7.6; p < 0.001) and this increase was maintained with no significant regression at 9 months (7.1 ± 5.6). Symptom scores on both OSDI and SPEED questionnaires improved significantly at 1 month (p < 0.0001) and this improvement was maintained at 9 months.


CONCLUSION
With such prolonged improvement in signs and symptoms of dry eye disease, the LipiFlow(®) Thermal Pulsation System offers a technological advancement for the treatment of dry eye disease secondary to meibomian gland dysfunction. A single 12-minute LipiFlow(®) treatment results in up to 9 months of sustained improvement of meibomian gland function, tear break-up time and dry eye symptoms that are unparalleled with current dry eye treatments.
Ostéogénèse imparfaite létale: diagnostic antenatal

L'ostéogenèse imparfaite (OI) est un groupe hétérogène de maladies affectant le collagène de type I et caractérisées par une fragilité osseuse. Les formes létales sont rares et se caractérisent par une micromélie avec déformation des membres. Un diagnostic anténatal d'OI létale a été fait dans deux cas, par échographie à 17 et à 25 semaines d'aménorrhée, complélées par un scanner du squelette fœtal dans un cas. Une interruption thérapeutique de grossesse a été indiquée dans les deux cas. Pan African Medical Journal. 2016; 25:88 doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.25.88.5871 This article is available online at: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/25/88/full/ © Houda EL Mhabrech et al. The Pan African Medical Journal ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pan African Medical Journal – ISSN: 19378688 (www.panafrican-med-journal.com) Published in partnership with the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). (www.afenet.net) Case report Open Access
Student-centred learning: What does it mean for students and lecturers

The term student–centred learning (SCL) is widely used in the teaching and learning literature. Many terms have been linked with student–centred learning, such as flexible learning (Taylor 2000), experiential learning (Burnard 1999), self-directed learning and therefore the slightly overused term ‘student–centred learning’ can mean different things to different people. In addition, in practice it is also described by a range of terms and this has led to confusion surrounding its implementation. The concept of student–centred learning has been credited as early as 1905 to Hayward and in 1956 to Dewey’s work (O’Sullivan 2003). Carl Rogers, the father of client–centred counseling, is associated with expanding this approach into a general theory of education (Burnard 1999; Rogoff 1999). The term student–centred learning was also associated with the work of Piaget and more recently with Malcolm Knowles (Burnard 1999). Rogers (1983a:25), in his book ‘Freedom to Learn for the 80s’, describes the shift in power from the expert teacher to the student learner, driven by a need for a change in the traditional environment where in this ‘so-called educational atmosphere, students become passive, apathetic and bored’. In the School system, the concept of child–centred education has been derived, in particular, from the work of Froebel and the idea that the teacher should not ‘interfere with this process of maturation, but act as a guide’ (Simon 1999). Simon highlighted that this was linked with the process of development or ‘readiness’, i.e. the child will learn when he/she is ready (1999). The paradigm shift away from teaching to an emphasis on learning has encouraged power to be moved from the teacher to the student (Barr and Tagg 1995). The teacher–focused/transmission of information formats, such as lecturing, have begun to be increasingly criticised and this has paved the way for a widespread growth of ‘student–centred learning’ as an alternative approach. However, despite widespread use of the term, Lea et al. (2003) maintain that one of the issues with student–centred learning is the fact that ‘many institutions or educators claim to be putting student– centred learning into practice, but in reality they are not’ (2003:322). This chapter aims to:
Adoption of Web 2.0 in US academic libraries: a survey of ARL library websites

Purpose – This paper aims to survey the web sites of the academic libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (USA) regarding the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach – The websites of 100 member academic libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (USA) were surveyed. Findings – All libraries were found to be using various tools of Web 2.0. Blogs, microblogs, RSS, instant messaging, social networking sites, mashups, podcasts, and vodcasts were widely adopted, while wikis, photo sharing, presentation sharing, virtual worlds, customized webpage and vertical search engines were used less. Libraries were using these tools for sharing news, marketing their services, providing information literacy instruction, providing information about print and digital resources, and soliciting feedback of users. Originality/value – The paper is useful for future planning of Web 2.0 use in academic libraries.
Impact from point-of-care devices on emergency department patient processing times compared with central laboratory testing of blood samples: a randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if time to disposition decisions for emergency department (ED) patients can be reduced when blood tests are processed using point-of-care (POC) devices and to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of POC compared with laboratory testing.


METHODS
This randomised trial enrolled adults suspected of an acute coronary syndrome or presenting with conditions considered to only require blood tests available by POC. Participants were randomised to have blood tests processed by POC or laboratory. Outcomes measured were time to disposition decision and ED length-of-stay (LOS). The cost-effectiveness analysis calculated the total and mean costs per ED presentation, as well as total and mean benefits in time saved to disposition decision.


RESULTS
There were 410 POC participants and 401 controls. The mean times to a disposition decision for POC versus controls were 3.24 and 3.50 h respectively, a difference of 7.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 14.3%, p=0.04), and 4.32 and 4.52 h respectively for ED LOS, a difference of 4.4% (95% CI -2.7% to 11.0%, p=0.21). Improved processing time was greatest for participants enrolled by senior staff with a reduction in time to disposition decision of 19.1% (95% CI 7.3% to 29.4%, p<0.01) and ED LOS of 15.6% (95% CI 4.9% to 25.2%, p=0.01). Mean pathology costs were $12 higher in the POC group (95% CI $7 to $18) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $113 per hour saved in time to disposition decision for POC compared with standard laboratory testing.


CONCLUSIONS
Small improvements in disposition decision time were achieved with POC testing for a moderate increase in cost. Greatest benefit may be achieved when POC is targeted to senior medical staff.
Clinical evaluation of marginal bone loss and stability in two types of submerged dental implants.

PURPOSE
The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the three-dimensional marginal bone level, implant stability, and peri-implant health of two types of submerged dental implants that were restored with matching or platform-switched abutments.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five subjects were recruited (test group: 43 implants with internal conical connection and back-tapered collar carrying a platform-switched abutment; control group: 50 implants carrying a matched-platform abutment). Implant uncovering and conventional loading were performed after 3 months of healing, and the total observation time was 15 months. Marginal bone levels, resonance frequency analysis, insertion torque, and peri-implant health indices were recorded and analyzed statistically.


RESULTS
The cumulative implant survival rate was 100%. At the second-stage surgery, bone levels were similar between groups. One year after loading, mean crestal bone loss was 0.35 ± 0.13 mm for test implants and 0.83 ± 0.16 mm for control implants, a significant difference. Primary stability was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group, but this difference disappeared after 3 months of healing prior to loading. Between-group differences for peri-implant health indices were negligible.


CONCLUSIONS
Both implant systems had the same survival rates. Implants with a built-in platform switch and conical connection with back-tapered collar design achieved higher primary stability at insertion and less bone resorption after 15 months.