LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the physical therapy Godelive Denys-Struyf method for nonspecific low back pain: primary care randomized control trial.

STUDY DESIGN
A simple blind, random controlled clinical trial.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment based on the muscular and articular chains Godelive Denys-Struyf (GDS) method for nonspecific low back pain (LBP) in primary care.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Despite a systematic review by the European COST ACTION B13 "Low back pain: guidelines for its management," there are still many unresolved questions regarding the effectiveness of the different physical therapy treatments used for LBP.


SETTING
21 physicians and physiotherapists in 7 Primary Care Centers and 6 researches in the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain).


PARTICIPANTS
137 patients diagnosed with nonspecific LBP.


METHODS
The control group underwent 15 sessions of conventional physiotherapy in Primary Care Centers, and the experimental group received 15 GDS treatment sessions. Pain was evaluated by Visual Analogical Scale (VAS), functional disability by Oswestry questionnaire, and quality of life by the physical and mental components of SF-36 questionnaire. Outcome measures were assessed before treatment (A1), at the end of treatment (A2), and at 3 months (A3), and 6 months (A4) of follow-up.


RESULTS
Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that at the end of treatment and 3 months later, subjects in both groups showed less pain, reduced functional disability, and an improved quality of life, though improvements were greater in the GDS group.Six months after treatment, patients in the GDS group continued to show reduced pain (VAS(A4-A1) = -3.54, 95% CI: -4.18 to -2.90) while VAS scores in the control group returned to initial values (VAS(A4-A1) = 0.15, 95% CI: -0.36 to 0.67).


CONCLUSION
Treatment of nonspecific LBP using the GDS method provides greater improvements in the midterm (6 months) in terms of the pain, functional ability, and quality of life perceived by patients than the conventional treatment based administered in primary care.
Mental Health Apps: Innovations, Risks and Ethical Considerations

The purpose of this article is to briefly review some of the innovations that mobile mental health apps present to consumers and mental health practitioners. Particular attention was given to understanding some of the important risks and the potential ethical dilemmas which may arise for counselors and psychologists who embrace them in their practice. Key considerations of issues pertinent to regulations, privacy concerns, and research are being discussed.
Fuzzy rough classifiers for class imbalanced multi-instance data

In multi-instance learning, each learning object consists of many descriptive instances. In the corresponding classification problems, each training object is labeled, but its constituent instances are not. The classification objective is to predict the class label of unseen objects. As in traditional single-instance classification, when the class sizes of multi-instance data are imbalanced, classification is degraded. Many multi-instance classifiers have been proposed, but few take into account the possibility of class imbalance, which causes them to fail in this situation. In this paper, we propose a new type of classifier that embodies a solution to the multi-instance class imbalance problem. Our proposal relies on the use of fuzzy rough set theory. We present two families of classifiers respectively based on information extracted at bag-level and at instance-level. We experimentally show that our algorithms outperform state-of-theart solutions to multi-instance imbalanced data classification, evaluated by the popular metrics AUC and geometric mean. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An elementary proof of the Birkhoff-Hopf theorem

Birkhoff used what has been called ([7]) 'Hilbert's projective metric' or ([9]) the 'Cayley-Hilbert metric'. In each case, it proved possible to obtain sharp estimates for the contraction constant of a positive linear operator with respect to the ' almost' metric. Subsequently, several authors generalized and sharpened the original results and established a close connection between the Birkhoff and Hopf theorems. A partial list of contributors includes F. L. Bauer[l], M. A. Ostrowski[25, 26] and P. J. Bushell [8, 7, 9]. In addition, a number of mathematicians who were apparently unaware of most of the above-mentioned theorems obtained closely related results and interesting new propositions. We mention A. M. Krasnosel'skii, Je. E. Lifshits, Yu. V. Pokornyi, A. V. Sobolev, and refer the reader to [19], [31] and the book [18]. We shall prove here a generalization of the work of Birkhoff, Hopf, Bauer, Ostrowski, Bushell and others and refer to the cumulative result as the Birkhoff-Hopf Theorem: see Theorems 3-5 and 3-6 below and the formulae of Section 6. Typically, when the Birkhoff-Hopf Theorem is applied to a positive (possibly noncompact) linear operator L, it implies that the L has a unique, normalized, positive eigenvector v with corresponding eigenvalue A equal to the spectral radius of L and that there are explicitly computable constants M and c, with c < 1, such that
Optimal SWAP gate insertion for nearest neighbor quantum circuits

Motivated by its promising applications e.g. for database search or factorization, significant progress has been made in the development of automated design methods for quantum circuits. But in order to keep up with recent physical developments in this domain, new technological constraints have to be considered. Limited interaction distance between gate qubits is one of the most common of these constraints. This led to the development of several strategies aiming at making a given quantum circuit nearest neighbor-compliant by inserting SWAP gates into the existing structure. Usually these strategies are of heuristic nature. In this work, we present an exact approach that enables nearest neighbor-compliance by inserting a minimal number of SWAP gates. Experiments demonstrate the applicability of the approach which enabled a comparison of results obtained by heuristic methods to the actual optimum.
On the relationship between molecular core binding energies and atomic charges

The linear relationship between molecular core binding energies (as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or calculated by an “ab initio” SCF–LCAO method) and the Mulliken gross atomic charges is restored if the interatomic Madelung potential is taken into account.
Real-time image based lighting for outdoor augmented reality under dynamically changing illumination conditions

Knowledge about illumination conditions in a real world scene has many applications, among them Augmented Reality which aims at placing virtual objects in the real world. An important factor for convincing augmentations is to use the illumination of the real world when rendering the virtual objects so they are shaded consistently and cast consistent shadows. The work presented in this paper aims at making a robust system capable of estimating the lighting of an outdoor scene, and apply the light changes to the virtual augmented objects that are placed within a real scene. The method uses an Irradiance Volume, modified to use an environment map of a given scene, to mimic the multiple lights reflected in a scene using Image Based Lighting, while normal Phong shading is used to mimic the sun shading. These are combined with a Shadow Volume method to ensure shadow interaction with the surrounding environment. For every frame an Illumination Estimation approximates local illumination light parameters used in the rendering of the augmented objects. The light parameters are furthermore used to, at runtime, create new environment maps, to update the irradiance volume. The result is a rendering pipeline capable of handling dynamic light changes, and applies them to augmented objects within a given scene, enabling realistic augmentations under changing illumination conditions.
An Efficient High-Step-Up Interleaved DC–DC Converter With a Common Active Clamp

This paper presents a high-efficiency and high-step-up nonisolated interleaved dc-dc converter with a common active-clamp circuit. In the presented converter, the coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the voltage stresses of all the switches in the interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and recycled to the output by the clamp boost converter. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode's reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed, and its experimental results are presented for validation.
Electrically Large Dual-Loop Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Reader

An electrically large dual-loop antenna is proposed for ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) readers. The proposed antenna is composed of a main loop and a parasitic loop wherein the loops are constructed using segmented lines with distributed capacitors. The parasitic loop enhances and uniforms the magnetic field distribution in the central portion of the larger main loop so that the perimeter of interrogation zone of the dual-loop antenna can be extended up to three operating wavelengths. The measurement shows that a dual-loop antenna prototype printed onto a piece of FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) achieves good impedance matching over the frequency range of 845-928 MHz and produces strong and uniform magnetic field distribution with an interrogation zone of 250 mm 250 mm. A parametric study is carried out to provide the guidelines for the antenna design.
Risk factors for teenage pregnancies in sri lanka: perspective of a community based study

Background:Teenage pregnancies are associated with negative obstetric, foetal outcomes and social consequences. Aim: The present study aimed at identifying risk factors for teenage pregnancies. Methods and material:This was a community based comparative study conducted in three districts of Colombo, Anuradhapura and Batticaloa in Sri Lanka. For each of the 510 pregnant teenagers, 508 age matched non-pregnant females were identified from the neighbourhood. Information related to individual level, family level and societal level risk factors were collected by trained interviewers using a structured pre-tested. Risk factors were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Tamil (OR=3.31) and Muslim (OR=1.92) ethnicity were predictors of teenage pregnancy. Lower level of formal education (OR=1.95) and lack of knowledge on disadvantages of teenage pregnancies (OR=3.79), less support from the teachers (OR=3.47) and lack of strictness in family (OR=2.01) have also contributed to teenage pregnancy. Teenagers with a higher confidence in decision making (OR=2.11) were also at risk of becoming pregnant. Conclusions: Most of the risk factors identified were modifiable and preventive interventions are suggested.
Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Despite the progress toward understanding the molecular pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), its cause remains elusive. Genes are important but rather insufficient to explain the majority of RA cases. This review describes the novel data supporting the microbiome and its interactions with the human host as potential en('in')vironmental factors in RA pathogenesis.


RECENT FINDINGS
Animal models of inflammatory arthritis have shown that the presence of bacteria in mucosal surfaces is sufficient to alter local and systemic host immune responses and elicit joint inflammation. Human RA studies have focused on three mucosal sites: the gut, the gingiva, and the respiratory tree. The oral microbiome, and specifically Porphyromonas gingivalis, has long been implicated. Novel sequencing technologies have allowed investigations into the role of the gut microbiome in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Most recently, the pulmonary parenchyma has also been described as yet another possible mucosal site of initiation of autoimmunity in RA.


SUMMARY
Emerging data implicate the microbiome in RA pathogenesis. Mucosal sites exposed to a high load of bacterial antigens--such as the periodontium, lung, and gut--may represent the initial site of autoimmune generation. If validated, these findings could lead to the discovery of potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical and clinical phases of RA.
Research and Implementation of Intelligent Chinese Resume Parsing

This paper presents a systematic solution of the information retrieval in online Chinese resume. Chinese resume's contents have several expression and the structure of Chinese resume is complex. So this paper applies rule-based and statistical algorithm to extract information. We get a high accuracy in the experiment on 1500 resumes, which are offered by www.chinahr.com.
The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids.

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated a health-related physical education program for fourth- and fifth-grade students designed to increase physical activity during physical education classes and outside of school.


METHODS
Seven schools were assigned to three conditions in a quasi-experimental design. Health-related physical education was taught by physical education specialists or trained classroom teachers. Students from these classes were compared with those in control classes. Analyses were conducted on 955 students with complete data.


RESULTS
Students spent more minutes per week being physically active in specialist-led (40 min) and teacher-led (33 min) physical education classes than in control classes (18 min; P < .001). After 2 years, girls in the specialist-led condition were superior to girls in the control condition on abdominal strength and endurance (P < .001) and cardiorespiratory endurance (P < .001). There were no effects on physical activity outside of school.


CONCLUSIONS
A health-related physical education curriculum can provide students with substantially more physical activity during physical education classes. Improved physical education classes can potentially benefit 97% of elementary school students.
Infrared plus visible light and heat from natural sunlight participate in the expression of MMPs and type I procollagen as well as infiltration of inflammatory cell in human skin in vivo.

BACKGROUND
Compared with the detailed characterization of the ultraviolet (UV) response in human skin, the effects of infrared (IR) and other regions of the sunlight are scarce.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the participation of IR/visible light and heat components of the sunlight on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and type I procollagen expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration in human skin in vivo.


METHODS
The buttocks of 16 healthy volunteers (aged 24-43 years, 10 male and 6 female) were irradiated with a 1.1-3 minimal erythema dose (MED) of natural sunlight. To determine the differential effects of UV, IR/visible rays and solar heat alone, the exposed sites were covered with either a UV filter or black cloth, respectively, during irradiation. Skin samples were taken 24h later.


RESULTS
IR/visible light spectrum of sunlight significantly increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression and decreased type I procollagen expression. Solar heat also contributed to the increased MMP-1 expression. Only the UV region recruited neutrophils into the dermis, while UV, IR/visible light and heat contributed to macrophage infiltration.


CONCLUSIONS
IR/visible light and heat of natural sunlight, in addition to UV, play a role in modulating the expressions of MMPs and procollagen, and inflammatory cell infiltration in human skin.
Applying Neuroscience to Architecture

Architectural practice and neuroscience research use our brains and minds in much the same way. However, the link between neuroscience knowledge and architectural design--with rare exceptions--has yet to be made. The concept of linking these two fields is a challenge worth considering.
The Number of Scholarly Documents on the Public Web

The number of scholarly documents available on the web is estimated using capture/recapture methods by studying the coverage of two major academic search engines: Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search. Our estimates show that at least 114 million English-language scholarly documents are accessible on the web, of which Google Scholar has nearly 100 million. Of these, we estimate that at least 27 million (24%) are freely available since they do not require a subscription or payment of any kind. In addition, at a finer scale, we also estimate the number of scholarly documents on the web for fifteen fields: Agricultural Science, Arts and Humanities, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics and Business, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geosciences, Material Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, Social Sciences, and Multidisciplinary, as defined by Microsoft Academic Search. In addition, we show that among these fields the percentage of documents defined as freely available varies significantly, i.e., from 12 to 50%.
Temperature, water content and wet–dry cycle effects on DOC production and carbon mineralization in agricultural peat soils

Agricultural peat soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California have been identified as an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane precursors in waters exported for drinking. The objectives of this study were to examine the primary sources of DOC from soil profiles (surface vs. subsurface), factors (temperature, soil water content and wet–dry cycles) controlling DOC production, and the relationship between C mineralization and DOC concentration in cultivated peat soils. Surface and subsurface peat soils were incubated for 60 d under a range of temperature (10, 20, and 30 8C) and soil water contents (0.3–10.0 g-water g-soil). Both CO2–C and DOC were monitored during the incubation period. Results showed that significant amount of DOC was produced only in the surface soil under constantly flooded conditions or flooding/non-flooding cycles. The DOC production was independent of temperature and soil water content under non-flooded condition, although CO2 evolution was highly correlated with these parameters. Aromatic carbon and hydrophobic acid contents in surface DOC were increased with wetter incubation treatments. In addition, positive linear correlations (rZ0. 87) between CO2–C mineralization rate and DOC concentration were observed in the surface soil, but negative linear correlations (r Z0.70) were observed in the subsurface soil. Results imply that mineralization of soil organic carbon by microbes prevailed in the subsurface soil. A conceptual model using a kinetic approach is proposed to describe the relationships between CO2–C mineralization rate and DOC concentration in these soils. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Stable isotope fractionation of biomonomers during protokerogen formation

Abstract The condensation of amino acids and sugars (Maillard reaction) is one possible diagenetic pathway for the formation of humic materials in sediments. In this study, aqueous solutions of alanine and glucose were heated (100°C) for up to 40 days. The δ 13 C- and δ 13 N-values of reactants and products were monitored. With increased heating time, the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the unreacted alanine in solution were enriched by up to 8.8‰ and 2.7‰, respectively, relative to their initial compositions. In contrast, the insoluble melanoidin product and alanine recovered by acid hydrolysis of the melanoidin were both depleted in 13 C and 15 N relative to the starting materials. The magnitude of this isotopic fractionation varied as a function of the relatieve concetration of alanine to glucose in the starting solution. The CO 2 that evolved during the reaction is depleted in 13 C relative to the initial δ 13 C composition of alanine and its car☐yl group, suggesting that 13 C-depleted amino acids initially condense with glucose to form insoluble melanoidins. Subsequent to melanoidin formation, a second isotope fractionation takes place whereby 13 C-depleted car☐yl groups are preferentially cleaved from the melanoidin. Assuming that humic substances may form in natural environments via condensation reactions like the Maillard reaction, it is hypothesized that the stable isotope fractionation that occurs during the transformation of organic matter to humic materials and kerogen might be at least partially explained by kinetic effects during condensation reactions rather than decar☐ylation of the primary amino acids.
Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and medication use on the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVES
Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) promotes cardioprotection in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The effect of RIC may be modified by cardiovascular risk factors and their medications. We examined whether cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use influenced the efficacy of RIC in patients with STEMI treated with pPCI.


DESIGN
Post hoc subgroup analysis of a single-centre randomised controlled trial.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 139 patients with STEMI, randomised during ambulance transport to hospital for pPCI with (n=71) or without (n=68) RIC, met the trial criteria and achieved data for a myocardial salvage index (MSI).


INTERVENTIONS
RIC was administered through intermittent arm ischaemia with four cycles of 5 min inflation and 5 min deflation of a blood pressure cuff.


PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES
MSI, estimated by single-photon emission CT. We evaluated the efficacy of RIC on the MSI in patient subgroups of cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use.


RESULTS
We found no significant difference in the efficacy of RIC in subgroups of cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use. However, point estimates indicated a reduced effect of RIC among smokers (median difference in MSI between RIC and control groups: -0.02 (95% CI -0.32 to 0.28) in smokers vs 0.25 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.42) in non-smokers, p value for interaction=0.13) and an increased effect of RIC in statin users (median difference in MSI between RIC and control groups: 0.34 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.65) in statin users vs 0.09 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.29) in non-statin users, p value for interaction=0.19).


CONCLUSIONS
RIC as an adjunct to pPCI seems to improve MSI in our trial population of patients with STEMI regardless of most cardiovascular risk factors and their medications. Our post hoc finding on a limited sample size calls for further investigation in large-scale multicentre trials.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT00435266.