LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Annular Pustular Psoriasis Associated with Pemphigus Foliaceus

260 Ann Dermatol Received March 13, 2013, Revised April 11, 2013, Accepted for publication April 19, 2013 *These authors equally contributed as first authors. Corresponding author: Ken Igawa, Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. Tel: 81-6-6879-3031, Fax: 86-6879-3039, E-mail: igawa@derma.med.osaka-u.ac.jp This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. PV associated with HSV-1 in her second pregnancy, which was cured with steroids and antiviral agents.
Horse sense: social status of horses (Equus caballus) affects their likelihood of copying other horses’ behavior

Animals that live in stable social groups need to gather information on their own relative position in the group’s social hierarchy, by either directly threatening or by challenging others, or indirectly and in a less perilous manner , by observing interactions among others. Indirect inference of dominance relationships has previously been reported from primates, rats, birds, and fish. Here, we show that domestic horses, Equus caballus, are similarly capable of social cognition. Taking advantage of a specific “following behavior” that horses show towards humans in a riding arena, we investigated whether bystander horses adjust their response to an experimenter according to the observed interaction and their own dominance relationship with the horse whose reaction to the experimenter they had observed before. Horses copied the “following behavior” towards an experimenter after watching a dominant horse following but did not follow after observing a subordinate horse or a horse from another social group doing so. The “following behavior,” which horses show towards an experimenter, therefore appears to be affected by the demonstrator’s behavior and social status relative to the observer.
Evidence-based Health Informatics: How Do We Know What We Know?

BACKGROUND
Health IT is expected to have a positive impact on the quality and efficiency of health care. But reports on negative impact and patient harm continue to emerge. The obligation of health informatics is to make sure that health IT solutions provide as much benefit with as few negative side effects as possible. To achieve this, health informatics as a discipline must be able to learn, both from its successes as well as from its failures.


OBJECTIVES
To present motivation, vision, and history of evidence-based health informatics, and to discuss achievements, challenges, and needs for action.


METHODS
Reflections on scientific literature and on own experiences.


RESULTS
Eight challenges on the way towards evidence-based health informatics are identified and discussed: quality of studies; publication bias; reporting quality; availability of publications; systematic reviews and meta-analysis; training of health IT evaluation experts; translation of evidence into health practice; and post-market surveillance. Identified needs for action comprise: establish health IT study registers; increase the quality of publications; develop a taxonomy for health IT systems; improve indexing of published health IT evaluation papers; move from meta-analysis to meta-summaries; include health IT evaluation competencies in curricula; develop evidence-based implementation frameworks; and establish post-marketing surveillance for health IT.


CONCLUSIONS
There has been some progress, but evidence-based health informatics is still in its infancy. Building evidence in health informatics is our obligation if we consider medical informatics a scientific discipline.
A Proposed Classification Scheme for Multi-step Clinical Care Algorithms

While other works may have discussed what makes a good clinical algorithm, and even discussed the importance of good algorithms, there has not been a discussion of the classification of algorithms other than to say whether or not an algorithm meets the criteria to be called “good.” This work presents a classification scheme that separates algorithms into five classes based on the level of detail present in the algorithm.
The Protective Effect of Carnitine in Human Diphtheric Myocarditis

Summary: Carnitine, an important cofactor in the transport of fatty acids to the interior of cell mitochondria, is depleted in myocardial tissue of guinea pigs submitted to diphtheric toxin administration. Mortality rates were reduced in these animals by supplying exogenous amounts of carnitine. The accumulation of fatty acids in the cytoplasm of human heart cells reported in cases of diphtheria suggests that carnitine might possibly be depleted in human myocardium as well.For the purpose of studying the effect of carnitine administration, 132 diphtheric patients were randomly divided into two groups, one of them (carnitine-treated group, n =73) receiving DL-carnitine, 100 mg/kg/day during 4 days after admission, in addition to routine treatment, which was prescribed for this and the control group (n =59). The presence of myocardial damage was evaluated by clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological, and enzymatic criteria. Carnitine administration resulted in decreased incidence of heart failure (P =0.0475), of pacemaker implants (P =0.0256), and of lethality indexes due to myocarditis (P =0.013). We suggest that carnitine can play an important role in the treatment of diphtheric patients.
Hybrid Metallic Nanostructures for Bio and Analytical Applications

......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xix Chapter
Tiotropium Respimat inhaler and the risk of death in COPD.

BACKGROUND
Tiotropium delivered at a dose of 5 μg with the Respimat inhaler showed efficacy similar to that of 18 μg of tiotropium delivered with the HandiHaler inhalation device in placebo-controlled trials involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although tiotropium HandiHaler was associated with reduced mortality, as compared with placebo, more deaths were reported with tiotropium Respimat than with placebo.


METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 17,135 patients with COPD, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of tiotropium Respimat at a once-daily dose of 2.5 μg or 5 μg, as compared with tiotropium HandiHaler at a once-daily dose of 18 μg. Primary end points were the risk of death (noninferiority study, Respimat at a dose of 5 μg or 2.5 μg vs. HandiHaler) and the risk of the first COPD exacerbation (superiority study, Respimat at a dose of 5 μg vs. HandiHaler). We also assessed cardiovascular safety, including safety in patients with stable cardiac disease.


RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 2.3 years, Respimat was noninferior to HandiHaler with respect to the risk of death (Respimat at a dose of 5 μg vs. HandiHaler: hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.09; Respimat at a dose of 2.5 μg vs. HandiHaler: hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.14) and not superior to HandiHaler with respect to the risk of the first exacerbation (Respimat at a dose of 5 μg vs. HandiHaler: hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.03). Causes of death and incidences of major cardiovascular adverse events were similar in the three groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Tiotropium Respimat at a dose of 5 μg or 2.5 μg had a safety profile and exacerbation efficacy similar to those of tiotropium HandiHaler at a dose of 18 μg in patients with COPD. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; TIOSPIR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01126437.).
Risk factors for long-term homelessness: findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults.

OBJECTIVES
We examined risk factors for long-term homelessness among newly homeless men and women who were admitted to New York City shelters in 2001 and 2002.


METHODS
Interviews were conducted with 377 study participants upon entry into the shelter and at 6-month intervals for 18 months. Standardized assessments of psychiatric diagnosis, symptoms, and coping skills; social and family history; and service use were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to examine the association between baseline assessments and duration of homelessness.


RESULTS
Eighty-one percent of participants returned to community housing during the follow-up period; the median duration of homelessness was 190 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a shorter duration of homelessness was associated with younger age, current or recent employment, earned income, good coping skills, adequate family support, absence of a substance abuse treatment history, and absence of an arrest history. Cox regression showed that older age group P<.05) and arrest history (P<.01) were the strongest predictors of a longer duration of homelessness.


CONCLUSIONS
Identification of risk factors for long-term homelessness can guide efforts to reduce lengths of stay in homeless shelters and to develop new preventive interventions.
Validity of DSM-IV syndromes in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders.

Behavior and emotional problems are often present in very young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but their nosology has been the object of scant empirical attention. The objective of this study was to assess the construct validity of select Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined syndromes (ADHD, ODD, Mood disorder) in preschoolers with ASD (N = 229). Parents and teachers completed the Early Childhood Inventory-4, a behavior rating scale based on the DSM-IV, and ratings were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. Results generally supported the DSM nosology in this population. There was some evidence that parent ratings were associated with better fit indices (e.g. RSMEA = .062) than teachers (e.g. RMSEA = .083). For both raters, fit indices appeared to improve when the ADHD factor was broken into its constituent parts. However, hyperactivity symptoms accounted for little unique additional variance in the model. Findings lend support to the DSM as a conceptual model for behavioral syndromes in preschoolers with ASDs and also reinforce the importance of source-specificity when considering psychiatric disorders in children with ASDs.
News impact on stock price return via sentiment analysis

Financial news articles are believed to have impacts on stock price return. Previous works model news pieces in bag-of-words space, which analyzes the latent relationship between word statistical patterns and stock price movements. However, news sentiment, which is an important ring on the chain of mapping from the word patterns to the price movements, is rarely touched. In this paper, we first implement a generic stock price prediction framework, and plug in six different models with different analyzing approaches. To take one step further, we use Harvard psychological dictionary and Loughran–McDonald financial sentiment dictionary to construct a sentiment space. Textual news articles are then quantitatively measured and projected onto the sentiment space. Instance labeling method is rigorously discussed and tested. We evaluate the models’ prediction accuracy and empirically compare their performance at different market classification levels. Experiments are conducted on five years historical Hong Kong Stock Exchange prices and news articles. Results show that (1) at individual stock, sector and index levels, the models with sentiment analysis outperform the bag-of-words model in both validation set and independent testing set; (2) the models which use sentiment polarity cannot provide useful predictions; (3) there is a minor difference between the models using two different sentiment dictionaries. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wheelchair skills performance between discharge and one year after inpatient rehabilitation in hand-rim wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE
To study possible changes in wheelchair skills in participants with spinal cord injury between discharge and 1 year after rehabilitation, and to determine whether changes in wheelchair skills performance are related to lesion and personal characteristics, self-efficacy, and wheelchair satisfaction.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.


SETTING
Eight rehabilitation centres with spinal cord injury units in the Netherlands.


METHODS
A total of 111 participants performed the Wheelchair Circuit twice: at discharge (t1) and 1 year after discharge (t2). Personal/lesion characteristics, self-efficacy, and wheelchair satisfaction were measured. Normalized ability score and performance time score were analysed with a linear multilevel regression analysis for possible associations with wheelchair skills.


RESULTS
No statistically significant changes were found in the ability and performance time scores of the Wheelchair Circuit over the first year after discharge. Younger persons, those with paraplegia, and those with a better self-efficacy score showed higher ability scores and faster performance time scores on both test occasions.


CONCLUSION
Wheelchair skills performance, measured with the Wheelchair Circuit, did not change during the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Wheelchair skills performance was associated with age, lesion level and self-efficacy perceptions.
Making Web Servers Pushier

The success of the World Wide Web measured in terms of the number of its users and of the resulting traffic increase is only commensurate to the patience required when sitting in front of one’s computer, waiting for a document to be down-loaded. If one could identify the typical access patterns for a set of documents on a Web server, the server could use or extend the existing protocols to accordingly pre-fetch or push documents to the browsers and proxy servers. In this paper, we present and evaluate a strategy for making Web servers “pushier”. Which document is to be pushed is determined by a set of association rules mined from a sample of the access log of the Web server. Once a rule of the form “Document A → Document B” has been identified and selected, the Web server decides to push “Document2” if “Document1” is requested. The strategy is individual user oriented while not ignoring the aggregate perspective. We evaluate the effectiveness and the cost of such a strategy for two architectures: a two tier “Web server / Web browser” architecture, and a three tier “Web server / proxy server / Web browser” architecture. We consider different settings in the architectures as well as refinements of the strategy taking into account the size of the documents.
The Reality and the Thermometer

In the current debate (2011) on the role of rating agencies, the relationship between politics and reality replays an ancient opposition between two conceptions of politics: politics based on an expertise on reality and politics based on persuasion.
Variations in Student Mental Health and Treatment Utilization Across US Colleges and Universities.

OBJECTIVE
On US college campuses, mental health problems are highly prevalent, appear to be increasing, and are often untreated. Concerns about student mental health are well documented, but little is known about potential variations across the diversity of institutions of higher education.


PARTICIPANTS
Participants were 43,210 undergraduates at 72 campuses that participated in the Healthy Minds Study from 2007 to 2013.


METHODS
Multivariable logistic regressions focus on associations between institutional characteristics and student mental health and treatment utilization.


RESULTS
The following institutional characteristics are associated with worse mental health: doctoral-granting, public, large enrollment, nonresidential, less competitive, and lower graduation rates. Among students with apparent mental health problems, treatment utilization is higher at doctorate-granting institutions, baccalaureate colleges, institutions with small enrollments, and schools with strong residential systems.


CONCLUSIONS
Although high rates of mental health problems and low treatment utilization are major concerns at all types of institutions of higher education, substantial variation occurs across campuses.
Exoskeletons for Gait Assistance and Training of the Motor-Impaired

Robotics is emerging as a promising tool for training of human functional movement. The current research in this area is focused primarily on upper extremity movements. This paper describes novel designs of three lower extremity exoskeletons, intended for gait assistance and training of motor-impaired patients. The design of each of these exoskeletons is novel and different. Force and position sensors on the exoskeleton provide feedback to the user during training. The exoskeletons have undergone limited tests on healthy and stroke survivors to assess their potential for treadmill walking. GBO is a gravity balancing un-motorized orthosis which can alter the gravity acting at the hip and knee joints during swing. ALEX is an actively driven leg exoskeleton which can modulate the foot trajectory using motors at the joints. SUE is a bilateral swing-assist un-motorized exoskeleton to propel the leg during gait.
Expansion Cohorts in First-in-Human Solid Tumor Oncology Trials.

In 1962, the passage of the Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act required that sponsors seeking approval of new drugs demonstrate the drug's efficacy, in addition to its safety, through a formal process that includes "adequate and well-controlled" clinical trials as the basis to support claims of effectiveness. As a result of this amendment, FDA formalized in regulation the definitions of various phases of clinical investigations (i.e., phase I, phase II, and phase III). The clinical drug development paradigm for anticancer drugs intended to support marketing approval has historically followed this "phased" approach with sequential, stand-alone trials, with an increasing number of patients exposed to an investigational drug with each trial in order to fulfill the objectives of that particular stage in development. Increasingly, it is the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products' experience that commercial sponsors of solid tumor oncology drug development programs are amending ongoing phase I trials to add expansion cohorts designed to evaluate study objectives typical of later-phase trials. For investigational anticancer drugs that demonstrate preliminary clinical evidence of substantial antitumor activity early in clinical testing, use of expansion cohorts as a component of the solid tumor oncology drug development pathway, with appropriate measures to mitigate the risks of this approach, may fit in well with the goals and concepts described by FDA's expedited programs for serious conditions.
Nasal and Oral Calls in Juvenile Goitred Gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) and their Potential to Encode Sex and Identity

Bovids represent a convenient group for studying the acoustical variation, functions and evolution of vocal communication. Among bovids, a wide spectrum of vocal adaptations and examples of parallel evolution with cervids and humans can be found (Fitch & Reby 2001; McElligott et al. 2006; Frey et al. 2007, 2008a,b). For instance, in the goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), a strong sexual dimorphism resembles the situation in humans: the ‘Adam’s apple’ of adult human males and the larynx of adult male goitred gazelles are similarly larger and rest lower in the neck than in females. This anatomical feature is very prominent (Kingswood & Blank 1996; Frey et al. unpubl. data) and was noted already in the first scientific description of this species (Güldenstaedt 1780). In addition to such interesting anatomical adaptations, bovids demonstrate variable modes of vocal production. While adult male and female saiga antilopes (Saiga tatarica) vocalize exclusively through the nose (Frey et al. 2007; Volodin et al. 2009), most African gazelles call mainly through the nose, but optionally also through the mouth (Walther et al. 1983). Adult rutting male Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and goitred gazelles vocalize through the widely opened mouth, whilst the non-rutting males and adult females of these species produce both oral and nasal calls (Blank 1998; Frey et al. Correspondence Ilya A. Volodin, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia. E-mail: volodinsvoc@gmail.com
On the Theories and Methods of Ecosystem Health Assessment in the Typical Mine Area

This paper, based on the summarization of the research actuality and latest achievements on the theories and methods of ecosystem health assessment, defines the concept of ecosystem health in mine area, and analyzes the influence factors to ecosystem health in mine area. Meanwhile, it also discusses the assessment indicator system and methods for ecosystem health in mine area.
Analysing Co-evolution Among Artificial 3D Creatures

We present results from our work on the coevolution of artificial creatures similar to those introduced by Sims [7]. In the present article we are mostly concerned with coevolutionary analysis. Coevolution is prone to complex dynamics which are often difficult to analyse. We introduce an improved analysis method based on Master Tournament matrices [5], which we argue is both less costly to compute and more informative than the original method. Based on visible features of the resulting graphs, we can identify particular trends and incidents in the dynamics of coevolution and look for their causes. Finally, considering that coevolutionary progress is not necessarily identical to global overall progress, we extend this analysis by cross-validating individuals from different evolutionary runs, which we argue is more appropriate than single-record analysis method for evaluating the global performance
Cybersecurity in healthcare: A systematic review of modern threats and trends.

BACKGROUND
The adoption of healthcare technology is arduous, and it requires planning and implementation time. Healthcare organizations are vulnerable to modern trends and threats because it has not kept up with threats.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review is to identify cybersecurity trends, including ransomware, and identify possible solutions by querying academic literature.


METHODS
The reviewers conducted three separate searches through the CINAHL and PubMed (MEDLINE) and the Nursing and Allied Health Source via ProQuest databases. Using key words with Boolean operators, database filters, and hand screening, we identified 31 articles that met the objective of the review.


RESULTS
The analysis of 31 articles showed the healthcare industry lags behind in security. Like other industries, healthcare should clearly define cybersecurity duties, establish clear procedures for upgrading software and handling a data breach, use VLANs and deauthentication and cloud-based computing, and to train their users not to open suspicious code.


CONCLUSIONS
The healthcare industry is a prime target for medical information theft as it lags behind other leading industries in securing vital data. It is imperative that time and funding is invested in maintaining and ensuring the protection of healthcare technology and the confidentially of patient information from unauthorized access.