LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Monotonicity and the Hirsch index

The Hirsch index is a number that synthesizes a researcher’s output. It is the maximum number h such that the researcher has h papers with at least h citations each. Woeginger [Woeginger, G. J. (2008a). An axiomatic characterization of the Hirsch-index. Mathematical Social Sciences, 56(2), 224–232; Woeginger, G. J. (2008b). A symmetry axiom for scientific impact indices. Journal of Informetrics, 2(3), 298–303] characterizes the Hirsch index when indices are assumed to be integer-valued. In this note, the Hirsch index is characterized, when indices are allowed to be real-valued, by adding to Woeginger’s monotonicity two axioms in a way related to the concept of monotonicity. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluations of Crossover and Mutation Probability of Genetic Algorithm in an Optimal Facility Layout Problem

Facility Layout Problem (FLP) is logic based combinatorial optimization problem. It is a meta-heuristic solution approach that gained significant attention to obtained optimal facility layout. This paper examines the convergence analysis by changing the crossover and mutation probability in an optimal facility layout. This algorithm is based on appropriate techniques that include multipoint swapped crossover and swap mutation operators. Two test cases were used for the implementations of the said technique and evaluate the robustness of the proposed method compared to other approaches in the literature. Keywords—facility layout problem, genetic algorithm, material handling cost, meta-heuristics
Choosing Sense Distinctions for WSD: Psycholinguistic Evidence

Supervised word sense disambiguation requires training corpora that have been tagged with word senses, which begs the question of which word senses to tag with. The default choice has been WordNet, with its broad coverage and easy accessibility. However, concerns have been raised about the appropriateness of its fine-grained word senses for WSD. WSD systems have been far more successful in distinguishing coarsegrained senses than fine-grained ones (Navigli, 2006), but does that approach neglect necessary meaning differences? Recent psycholinguistic evidence seems to indicate that closely related word senses may be represented in the mental lexicon much like a single sense, whereas distantly related senses may be represented more like discrete entities. These results suggest that, for the purposes of WSD, closely related word senses can be clustered together into a more general sense with little meaning loss. The current paper will describe this psycholinguistic research and its implications for automatic word sense disambiguation.
Updating of cartographic road databases by image analysis

The extraction of road networks from aerial images is one of the current challenges in digital photogrammetry and computer vision. In this paper, we present our system for 3D road network reconstruction from aerial images using knowledge-based image analysis. In contrast to other approaches, the developed system integrates processing of color image data and information from digital spatial databases, extracts and fuses multiple object cues, takes into account context information, employs existing knowledge, rules and models, and treats each road subclass accordingly. The key of the system is the use of knowledge as much as possible to increase success rate and reliability of the results, working in 2D images and 3D object space, and use of 2D and 3D interaction when needed. Another advantage of the developed system is that it can correctly and reliably handle problematic areas caused by shadows and occlusions. This work is part of a project to improve and update the 1:25,000 vector maps of Switzerland. In: E.P. Baltsavias, A. Gruen & L. V. Gool (eds.), Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images (III), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lisse (in press).
Evaluation of the results from non-arthroplastic treatment (arthroscopy) for shoulder arthrosis☆

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the functional results from patients with arthrosis who underwent an arthroscopic procedure, in an attempt to correlate these results with the patients' epidemiological profile, surgical technique used, possible complications and postoperative protocol.


METHODS
Between 1998 and 2011, 31 patients (32 shoulders) with shoulder arthrosis underwent arthroscopic treatment performed by the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Santa Casa de São Paulo. Primary or secondary cases of shoulder arthrosis under the age of 70 years, in which the rotator cuff was intact, were included. Furthermore, cases in which, despite an indication for an arthroplastic procedure, an attempt to perform an alternative procedure had been chosen, were also included. The following were evaluated: sex, age, dominance, comorbidities, length of time with complaint, associated lesions, etiology, previous treatment, operation performed, postoperative protocol and pre and postoperative active ranges of motion. The functional evaluation was conducted using the UCLA criteria, before and after the operation. The joint cartilage alterations were classified in accordance with Outerbridge and the arthrosis by means of Walch.


RESULTS
There were statistically significant mean differences in the values for elevation, lateral rotation and medial rotation from before to after the operation (p < 0.001) and there was a tendency (p = 0.057) toward poor results with greater length of time with complaints before the surgery. The total gain in UCLA score did not have any statistically significant relationship with any of the other variables analyzed.


CONCLUSION
Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral arthrosis provided functional improvement of the glenohumeral joint, with significant gains in elevation and lateral and medial rotation, and improvements in function and pain. Greater length of time with complaints was a factor strongly suggestive of worse results.
The Application of Trend Following Strategies in Stock Market Trading

Trend-following (TF) strategies use fixed trading mechanism in order to take advantages from the long-term market moves without regards to the past price performance.In contrast with most prediction tools that stemmed from soft computing such as neural networks to predict a future trend, TF just rides on the current trend pattern to decide on buying or selling. While TF is widely applied in currency markets with a good track record for major currency pairs [1], it is doubtful that if TF can be applied in stock market. In this paper a new TF model that features both strategies of evaluating the trend by static and adaptive rules, is created from simulations and later verified on Hong Kong Hang Seng future indices. The model assesses trend profitability from the statistical features of the return distribution of the asset under consideration. The results and examples facilitate some insights on the merits of using the trend following model.
Bacteria Localization and Chorion Thinning among Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

OBJECTIVE
Bacterial colonization of the fetal membranes and its role in pathogenesis of membrane rupture is poorly understood. Prior retrospective work revealed chorion layer thinning in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) subjects. Our objective was to prospectively examine fetal membrane chorion thinning and to correlate to bacterial presence in PPROM, preterm, and term subjects.


STUDY DESIGN
Paired membrane samples (membrane rupture and membrane distant) were prospectively collected from: PPROM = 14, preterm labor (PTL = 8), preterm no labor (PTNL = 8), term labor (TL = 10), and term no labor (TNL = 8), subjects. Sections were probed with cytokeratin to identify fetal trophoblast layer of the chorion using immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed using broad range 16 s ribosomal RNA probe. Images were evaluated, chorion and choriodecidua were measured, and bacterial fluorescence scored. Chorion thinning and bacterial presence were compared among and between groups using Student's t-test, linear mixed effect model, and Poisson regression model (SAS Cary, NC).


RESULTS
In all groups, the fetal chorion cellular layer was thinner at rupture compared to distant site (147.2 vs. 253.7 µm, p<0.0001). Further, chorion thinning was greatest among PPROM subjects compared to all other groups combined, regardless of site sampled [PPROM(114.9) vs. PTL(246.0) vs. PTNL(200.8) vs. TL(217.9) vs. TNL(246.5)]. Bacteria counts were highest among PPROM subjects compared to all other groups regardless of site sampled or histologic infection [PPROM(31) vs. PTL(9) vs. PTNL(7) vs. TL(7) vs. TNL(6)]. Among all subjects at both sites, bacterial counts were inversely correlated with chorion thinning, even excluding histologic chorioamnionitis (p<0.0001 and p = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Fetal chorion was uniformly thinner at rupture site compared to distant sites. In PPROM fetal chorion, we demonstrated pronounced global thinning. Although cause or consequence is uncertain, bacterial presence is greatest and inversely correlated with chorion thinning among PPROM subjects.
Infrared image segmentation with 2-D maximum entropy method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)

The 2-D maximum entropy method not only considers the distribution of the gray information, but also takes advantage of the spatial neighbor information with using the 2-D histogram of the image. As a global threshold method, it often gets ideal segmentation results even when the image s signal noise ratio (SNR) is low. However, its time-consuming computation is often an obstacle in real time application systems. In this paper, the image thresholding approach based on the index of entropy maximization of the 2-D grayscale histogram is proposed to deal with infrared image. The threshold vector (t, s), where t is a threshold for pixel intensity and s is another threshold for the local average intensity of pixels, is obtained through a new optimization algorithm, namely, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. PSO algorithm is realized successfully in the process of solving the 2-D maximum entropy problem. The experiments of segmenting the infrared images are illustrated to show that the proposed method can get ideal segmentation result with less computation cost. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stable and High-Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer System for Robotic Capsule Using a Modified Helmholtz Coil

Magnetic resonance-based wireless power transfer system offers a promising solution to overcome power limitations typically encountered by capsule endoscopy. Despite of much attention in this area, aspects such as power stability and power transfer efficiency remain suboptimal and therefore investigation for further improvement is still required. This paper presents a method to improve power stability as well as power transfer efficiency for wireless capsule endoscopy. A new power transmission coil capable of producing uniform magnetic field is proposed to improve power stability through uniform field that at the same time minimizes the unnecessary peak electromagnetic exposure. To improve power transfer efficiency, a mixed resonance scheme is employed. Our experimental results show improvement over existing methods where the proposed system attained power stability of 94.62% and power transfer efficiency of 4.9% under worst position of the receiving coil. Furthermore, the proposed transmitting coil provides additional advantage, where it minimized the unnecessary peak electromagnetic exposure by 26% as compared to the conventional Helmholtz coil-based system. We believe the proposed system will open new direction for future wireless capsule endoscopy and can also be useful in other industrial applications.
Study design and protocol for moving forward: a weight loss intervention trial for African-American breast cancer survivors

Breast cancer survival rates are significantly lower among African-American women compared to white women. In addition, African-American women with breast cancer are more likely than white women to die from co-morbid conditions. Obesity is common among African-American women, and it contributes to breast cancer progression and the development and exacerbation of many weight-related conditions. Intervening upon obesity may decrease breast cancer and all-cause mortality among African-American breast cancer survivors. Moving Forward is a weight loss intervention being evaluated in a randomized trial with a projected sample of 240 African American breast cancer survivors. Outcomes include body mass index, body composition, waist:hip ratio, and behavioral, psychosocial and physiological measures. Survivors are randomized to either a 6-month guided weight loss intervention that involves twice weekly classes and text messaging or a self-guided weight loss intervention based on the same materials offered in the guided program. The guided intervention is being conducted in partnership with the Chicago Park District at park facilities in predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Chicago. Recruitment strategies include direct contact to women identified in hospital cancer registries, as well as community-based efforts. Data collection occurs at baseline, post-intervention (6 months) and at a 12-month follow-up. This study evaluates a community-based, guided lifestyle intervention designed to improve the health of African-American breast cancer survivors. Few studies have addressed behavioral interventions in this high-risk population. If successful, the intervention may help reduce the risk for breast cancer recurrence, secondary cancers, and co-morbid conditions, as well as improve quality of life. U.S. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02482506 , April 2015
Nucleoside anticancer drugs: the role of nucleoside transporters in resistance to cancer chemotherapy†

The clinical efficacy of anticancer nucleoside drugs depends on a complex interplay of transporters mediating entry of nucleoside drugs into cells, efflux mechanisms that remove drugs from intracellular compartments and cellular metabolism to active metabolites. Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are important determinants for salvage of preformed nucleosides and mediated uptake of antimetabolite nucleoside drugs into target cells. The focus of this review is the two families of human nucleoside transporters (hENTs, hCNTs) and their role in transport of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic nucleoside drugs. Resistance to anticancer nucleoside drugs is a major clinical problem in which NTs have been implicated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug transporters may contribute to interindividual variation in response to nucleoside drugs. In this review, we give an overview of the functional and molecular characteristics of human NTs and their potential role in resistance to nucleoside drugs and discuss the potential use of genetic polymorphism analyses for NTs to address drug resistance.
A method for ontology and knowledge-base assisted text mining for diabetes discussion forum

April 2015 WMG, University of Warwick V | P a g e Abstract Social media offers researchers vast amount of unstructured text as a source to discover hidden knowledge and insights. However, social media poses new challenges to text mining and knowledge discovery due to its short length, temporal nature and informal language. In order to identify the main requirements for analysing unstructured text in social media, this research takes a case study of a large discussion forum in the diabetes domain. It then reviews and evaluates existing text mining methods for the requirements to analyse such a domain. Using domain background knowledge to bridge the semantic gap in traditional text mining methods was identified as a key requirement for analysing text in discussion forums. Existing ontology engineering methodologies encounter difficulties in deriving suitable domain knowledge with the appropriate breadth and depth in domain-specific concepts with a rich relationships structure. These limitations usually originate from a reliance on human domain experts. This research developed a novel semantic text mining method. It can identify the concepts and topics being discussed, the strength of the relationships between them and then display the emergent knowledge from a discussion forum. The derived method has a modular design that consists of three main components: The Ontology building Process, Semantic Annotation and Topic Identification, and Visualisation Tools. The ontology building process generates domain ontology quickly with little need for domain experts. The topic identification component utilises a hybrid system of domain ontology and a general knowledge base for text enrichment and annotation, while the visualisation methods of dynamic tag clouds and cooccurrence network for pattern discovery enable a flexible visualisation of these results and can help uncover hidden knowledge. Application of the derived text mining method within the case study helped identify trending topics in the forum and how they change over time. The derived method performed better in semantic annotation of the text compared to the other systems evaluated. The new text mining method appears to be “generalisable” to other domains than diabetes. Future study needs to confirm this ability and to evaluate its applicability to other types of social media text sources.
An Overview of 22 Thyroglossal Cysts Managed in KVG Medical College

Background/objectives: Successful treatment of a thyroglossal duct cyst requires surgical extirpation of the cyst with its tract through the tongue base. Incomplete removal results in cyst recurrence, which is the most significant common complications of surgery. The Sistrunk’s procedure increases the chances of complete removal of all affected tissue. Design: KVG Medical College, Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery. Intervention: A total of 22 cases of thyroglossal cysts (primary and secondary) operated were included in our study. Result: Recurrence was seen in two out of the 22 cases operated after one year of follow-up, and all the recurrences were seen in the secondary cysts. Conclusions: Sistrunk’s operation is the treatment of choice for primary thyroglossal cysts. Secondary cysts should be treated with removal of core of tongue base muscle and foramen cecum mucosa along with hyoid and scarred cyst excision.
Is there a role for parenteral nutrition or hydration at the end of life?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to update healthcare providers on the role of parenteral nutrition/hydration in terminal patients and highlight recent research.


RECENT FINDINGS
Cachexia is felt to be refractory to treatment at the last stages of life. The majority of terminally ill patients will derive no benefit from parenteral nutrition with some exceptions including patients with a good functional status and a nonfunctional gastrointestinal tract or a slow growing tumor.Dehydration can potentially be reversible in patients at the end of life. However, recent research examining parenteral hydration reveals no clear clinical benefits on symptom burden or survival for terminally ill cancer patients with the exception of possibly reversing the complication of delirium.


SUMMARY
Hydration and nutrition are essential for the maintenance of life. In patients at the end of life, artificial hydration and nutrition pose clinical, ethical, and logistical dilemmas. No strong evidence exists supporting the use of parenteral hydration/nutrition for the majority of terminally ill patients; however, a subset of patients may derive some benefit. Uncertainty about determining prognosis, psychosocial factors, and perceptions of perceived benefits results in artificial nutrition/hydration being initiated in terminally ill patients. Discontinuation of artificial support can result in distress for patients, family members, and healthcare providers.
Humors Effect on Short-term Memory in Healthy and Diabetic Older Adults.

CONTEXT
With aging, the detrimental effects of stress can impair a person's ability to learn and sustain memory. Humor and its associated mirthful laughter can reduce stress by decreasing the hormone cortisol. Chronic release of cortisol can damage hippocampal neurons, leading to impairment of learning and memory. Objectives • The study intended to examine the effect of watching a humor video on short-term memory in older adults. Design • The research team designed a randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
The study took place at Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, CA, USA.


PARTICIPANTS
The study included 30 participants: 20 normal, healthy, older adults-11 males and 9 females-and 10 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-6 males and 4 females.


INTERVENTION
The study included 2 intervention groups of older adults who viewed humorous videos, a healthy group (humor group), aged 69.9 ± 3.7 y, and the diabetic group, aged 67.1 ± 3.8 y. Each participant selected 1 of 2 humorous videos that were 20 min in length, either a Red Skeleton comedy or a montage of America's Funniest Home Videos. The control group, aged 68.7 ± 5.5 y, did not watch a humor video and sat in quiescence.


OUTCOME MEASURES
A standardized, neuropsychological, memory-assessment tool, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), was used to assess the following abilities: (1) learning, (2) recall, and (3) visual recognition. The testing occurred twice, once before (RAVLT1) and once after (RAVLT2) the humorous video for the humor and diabetic groups, and once before (RAVLT1) and once after (RAVLT2) the period of quiescence for the control group. At 5 time points, measurements of salivary cortisol were also obtained. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to measure significance of the data based on the 3 groups.


RESULTS
In the humor, diabetic, and control groups, (1) learning ability improved by 38.5%, 33.4%, and 24.0%, respectively (P = .025); (2) delayed recall improved by 43.6%, 48.1%, and 20.3%, respectively (P = .064); and (3) visual recognition increased by 12.6%, 16.7%, and 8.3%, respectively (P = .321). For levels of salivary cortisol, the research team found significant and borderline decreases for the humor group between baseline and (1) post-RAVLT1 (P = .047), (2) postvideo (P = .046), and (3) post-RAVLT2 (P = .062). The diabetic group showed significant decreases between baseline and (1) post-RAVLT1 (P = .047), (2) postvideo (P = .025), and (3) post-RAVLT2 (P = .034). The study found no significant changes for the control group.


CONCLUSION
The research findings supported potential clinical and rehabilitative benefits for humor that can be applied to whole-person wellness programs for older adults. The cognitive components-learning ability and delayed recall-become more challenging as individuals age and are essential to older adults for providing a high quality of life: mind, body, and spirit. Because older adults can experience age-related memory deficits, complementary, enjoyable, and beneficial humor therapies should be implemented for them.
Library Guides: CE 498 Civil Engineering Design: Eliciting Information from Stakeholders

A selection of sources useful for the CE 498 Senior Design Project Planning for gathering information from stakeholders