LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Can an electronic glycaemic notebook associated with an insulin calculator improve HbA1c in diabetic patients on a multiple insulin injections regimen? A 26-week observational real-life study.

BACKGROUND
Automated insulin calculators (AICs) with carbohydrate counting (CHC) have been shown to be effective in improving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. By contrast, use of AICs without CHC, with predetermined prandial insulin doses modified according to a correction factor and modulated as a function of glycaemia, has not yet been investigated.


METHODS
This comparative, retrospective, observational and non-randomized study took place over a 6-month period of routine clinical practice. It evaluated the use of Free-style InsuLinx® and Free-style Neo® Abbott Diabetes Care (AIC) in easy mode (no CHC). All patients performed a basal-prandial insulin dosing schedule, and were not educated as to how to determine carbohydrate intake. Changes in HbA1c and capillary blood glucose levels, insulin therapy, frequency of blood glucose tests and body weight were analyzed 6 months prior to inclusion (T-6), at the time of inclusion (T0) and 6 months later (T+6). From T-6 to T0 (period A), patients used a standard blood glucose meter and adjusted their insulin doses themselves, and from T0 to T+6 (period B), each patient was provided with an AIC on easy mode function.


RESULTS
Of the 230 patients, 221 were retained at the end of the study (126 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 95 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). At T-6, average (±standard error of mean) HbA1c level was 8.3 ± 0.1%; T1DM: 8.5 ± 0.1% and T2DM: 8.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. At T0, the average HbA1c level was 8.4 ± 0.1% (p = 0.02); T1DM: 8.5 ± 0.1% (ns) and T2DM: 8.2 ± 0.1% (p = 0.004). At T+6, with AIC in easy mode, average HbA1c level decreased significantly to 7.7 ± 0.1% (p < 0.0001); T1DM: 8.0 ± 0.1% (p < 0.0001) and T2DM: 7.5 ± 0.1% (p < 0.0001). At T+6, in all diabetics, blood glucose monitoring frequency increased by 0.4/day (p < 0.0001). Insulin correction amounted to 14% of changes in predetermined prandial insulin doses.


CONCLUSION
Routine clinical use of an AIC without CHC improved self-management of blood glucose and on average, decreased HbA1c levels by 0.52% in T1DM and 0.80% in T2DM after 6 months.
Visualization of ordinals

We describe the pictorial representations of infinite ordinals used in teaching set theory, and discuss a possible use in naturalistic foundations of mathematics.
Error-bounds for balanced model-reduction of linear time-varying systems

Error-bounds are developed for balanced truncation of linear time-varying systems, leading to an extension of the “twice the sum of the tail” formulas, well known in the time-invariant case. The approach relies on an operator-theoretic framework for analysis of linear time-varying systems. This provides a multivariable notion of frequency for such systems, which are thus characterized by rational functions of many complex variables, allowing the problem to be formulated in the linear-fractional framework. Using a time-varying version of standard necessary conditions for reduced-order modeling, based on convex operator inequalities, we show that these error-bounds for balanced truncation are related to the closest possible reduced-order modeling error in a sense which parallels the time-invariant case.
Excision of the piggyBac transposable element in vitro is a precise event that is enhanced by the expression of its encoded transposase

The piggyBac Lepidopteran transposable element moves from the cellular genome into infecting baculovirus genomes during passage of the virus in cultured TN-368 cells. We have constructed genetically tagged piggyBac elements that permit analysis of excision when transiently introduced on plasmids into the piggyBac-deficient Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-SF21AE cell line. Precise excision of the element from these plasmids occurs at a higher frequency in the presence of a helper plasmid that presumably supplies the piggyBac transposase. The results suggest that the piggyBac transposon encodes a protein that functions to facilitate not only insertion, but precise excision as well. This is the first demonstration of piggyBac mobility from plasmid sources in uninfected Lepidopteran cells.
Cervical Acid Phosphatase: A Biomarker of Cervical Dysplasia and a Potential Surrogate Endpoint for Colposcopy

BACKGROUND
In 2000, cervical acid phosphatase (CAP) has been recently described as a biomarker labeling abnormal squamous cells on Pap smears (USPTO #6,143,512). The enzyme activity is presented as a red, granular deposit on a modified Papanicolaou background. This unique property was utilized for development of MarkPap technology intended for cervical cancer screening.


MATERIAL/PATIENTS & METHODS
We conduct a multicenter, random assignment, assessor blinded, 2-group (test and control), split-sample designed clinical trial on 1,500 subject/specimens to assess safety and efficacy of the new test, in comparison with the control, for cervical cancer screening in standard Pap test environment. Safety is measured with frequency, severity and relation of adverse events. Efficacy is measured with primary endpoints (portion of positive/abnormal specimens detected, and the false negative rate). At the end of the follow-up period (two years) when the study will be completed, other efficacy endpoints such as accuracy (sensitivity/specificity) and predictive values will be added to the method evaluation. Here we present in interim analysis.


RESULTS
In April 2003, the recruitment was completed and the first twelve hundred cases have been evaluated. There was no serious or related adverse event in both groups. Minor, unrelated adverse events were rare and insignificantly distributed in both groups. PRIMARY ENDPOINTS: A: Portion of positive/abnormal specimens detected: Pe (new test) = 0.166, Ps (Pap control): 0.082; Ps' (ACS reported value for US in year 2000): 0.07. Pe >/= Ps + delta, for delta = 0.5Ps. B. False negative rate: Pe = 0.05, Ps' = 0.10. Confidence intervals: 95% CI: Test [0.148-0.193], Pap control [0.068-0.098]. OR = 2.26. chi2 = 40.69101 is greater than the critical value of 3.841 (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSION
We concluded that CAP had added to visibility of Pap test and has enabled cytoscreeners to significantly improve the detection of positive/abnormal specimens and reduce false negative rate. We discuss this unique property of CAP with emphasis on using it as a surrogate endpoint for colposcopy and eventual removal of a cervical lesion that, if untreated, could progress into cancer.
A theoretical analysis of the cross-nested logit model

The emergence of Intelligent Transportation Systems and the associated technologies has increased the need for complex models and algorithms. Namely, real-time information systems, directly influencing transportation demand, must be supported by detailed behavioral models capturing travel and driving decisions. Discrete choice models methodology provide an appropriate framework to capture such behavior. Recently, the cross-nested logit (CNL) model has received quite a bit of attention in the literature to capture decisions such as mode choice, departure time choice and route choice. In this paper, we develop on the general formulation of the Cross Nested Logit model proposed by Ben-Akiva and Bierlaire (1999) and based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV)model. We show that it is basically equivalent to the formulations by Papola (2000) and Wen and Koppelman (2001). We also show that the formulations by Small (1987) and Vovsha (1997) are special cases of this formulation. We formally prove that the Cross-Nested Logit model is indeed a member of the GEV models family. In doing so, we clearly distinguish between conditions that are necessary to be consistent with the GEV theory, from normalization conditions. Finally, we propose a straightforward estimation procedure, based on nonlinear programming. In order to make it operational, we provide the first-derivatives of the log-likelihood function, which are necessary to most optimization procedures.
Real-time clothes comparison based on multi-view vision

In this paper, we present a clothing recognition system that augments clothes recommendation and fashion exploration using the intelligent multi-view vision technology of the responsive mirror, an implicitly controlled human-computer interaction system for clothes fitting rooms. The responsive mirror provides shoppers with real-time ldquoselfrdquo and ldquosocialrdquo clothes comparisons. The system recommends clothing that is ldquosimilarrdquo and ldquodifferentrdquo than the clothing that the person is trying on in the mirror. The goal of the research in this paper is to create a recommendation system that uses a definition of ldquosimilarrdquo and ldquodifferentrdquo that matches human perception. We address the social nature of the recognition problem by conducting a user study to identify the salient clothes factors that people use to determine clothes similarity. We describe the computer vision and machine learning techniques employed to recognize the factors that human eyes perceive in term of clothing similarity from frontal-view outfit images. We describe the key components of the motion-tracking and clothes-recognition systems and evaluate their performance by user study and experiments on a simulated clothes fitting image dataset. The approach and results presented here will benefit designers and developers of similar applications in the future.
Validation and Recalibration of Two Multivariable Prognostic Models for Survival and Independence in Acute Stroke

INTRODUCTION
Various prognostic models have been developed for acute stroke, including one based on age and five binary variables ('six simple variables' model; SSVMod) and one based on age plus scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSSMod). The aims of this study were to externally validate and recalibrate these models, and to compare their predictive ability in relation to both survival and independence.


METHODS
Data from a large clinical trial of oxygen therapy (n = 8003) were used to determine the discrimination and calibration of the models, using C-statistics, calibration plots, and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics. Methods of recalibration in the large and logistic recalibration were used to update the models.


RESULTS
For discrimination, both models functioned better for survival (C-statistics between .802 and .837) than for independence (C-statistics between .725 and .735). Both models showed slight shortcomings with regard to calibration, over-predicting survival and under-predicting independence; the NIHSSMod performed slightly better than the SSVMod. For the most part, there were only minor differences between ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Logistic recalibration successfully updated the models for a clinical trial population.


CONCLUSIONS
Both prognostic models performed well overall in a clinical trial population. The choice between them is probably better based on clinical and practical considerations than on statistical considerations.
Music Emotion Classification of Chinese Songs based on Lyrics Using TF*IDF and Rhyme

This paper presents the outcomes of research into an automatic classification system based on the lingual part of music. Two novel kinds of short features are extracted from lyrics using tf*idf and rhyme. Meta-learning algorithm is adapted to combine these two sets of features. Results show that our features promote the accuracy of classification and meta-learning algorithm is effective in fusing the two features.
Dynamic Programming with Convexity, Concavity, and Sparsity

A fast algorithm for computing longest common subse-quences. [J82] Johnson, D. B. A priority queue in which initialization and queue operations take O(log log D) Pattern recognition in nucleic acid sequences II: an ecient method for nding locally stable secondary structures. A simple linear time algorithm for concave one-dimensional dynamic programming. preprint, 1990. almost linear time algorithm for generalized matrix searching. On-line dynamic programming with applications to the prediction of RNA secondary structure. A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. convex and concave cost functions. A linear-time algorithm for concave one-dimensional dynamic programming. On-line context-free language recognition in less than cubic time.
Effect of its deaminated metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, on the transport and toxicity of gemcitabine in HeLa cells.

Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog effective against many solid tumors. Following intravenous administration, deaminases in the plasma rapidly convert the parent compound, gemcitabine, to its deaminated metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU), resulting in an elimination half-life for gemcitabine of 8min. The half-life of dFdU, however, is upwards of 14h, yielding plasma concentrations that are frequently 10-20-fold higher than that of gemcitabine. The uptake of gemcitabine into tumor cells is facilitated by both concentrative (hCNT) and equilibrative (hENT) nucleoside transporters. Recently, it was observed that dFdU is a substrate for hCNT as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dFdU on gemcitabine uptake and efflux via hENT1 and hENT2 in HeLa cells. Our results suggest that dFdU is a substrate for both hENT1 and hENT2 as well as a competitive inhibitor of gemcitabine transport at concentrations >100-fold lower than those typically achieved in plasma (IC(50)=0.45 and 1.2μM for hENT1/2 and hENT2, respectively). However, inhibition of gemcitabine uptake is time-dependent, as dFdU limits gemcitabine uptake into HeLa cells by more than 80% during short (<20s) incubation periods but increases net gemcitabine retention as incubation length increases. While dFdU enhances the accumulation of gemcitabine by up to 1.5-fold following a 60 min incubation, dFdU did not enhance gemcitabine cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this is the first report of an interaction between dFdU and gemcitabine suggesting that the deaminated metabolite may play an important role in the disposition of gemcitabine in tumor cells.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Associated with Periodontitis Exposure: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

BACKGROUND
The risk of periodontitis (PD) is increased in the patient group of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA and PD also shared some pathological mechanism. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of RA associated with PD exposure.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
This study identified 3 mutually exclusive cohorts using the 1999-2010 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the association between PD and the risk of incident RA. All patients with PD in 2000 were identified from the database of all enrollees as the PD cohort. From the representative database of 1,000,000 enrollees randomly selected in 2010 (LHID2010), individuals without any periodontal disease (PO) during 1999-2010 were selected as the non-PO cohort. Individuals who were not included in the non-PO cohort and received dental scaling (DS) no more than two times per year during 1999-2010 were selected as the DS cohort from LHID2010. Using cox proportional regression analysis, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were calculated to quantify the association between PD exposure and RA development. In the three-group comparison using the non-PO cohort as reference, we found that the risk of RA was higher in the PD and DS cohorts (HRs, 1.89 and 1.43; 95% CIs, 1.56-2.29 and 1.09-1.87, respectively). For comparisons between two cohorts, the PD cohort had a higher risk of RA than the non-PO and DS cohorts (HRs, 1.91 and 1.35; 95% CIs, 1.57-2.30 and 1.09-1.67, respectively).


CONCLUSION
PD was associated with an increased risk of RA development.
Bose-Einstein correlations in high-energy multiple particle production processes

Correlations among identical bosons, which are familiar from statistical physics, play an increasingly important role in high energy multiple particle production processes. They provide information about the region, where the particles are produced and, if Einstein's condensation can be reached, they can lead to spectacular new phenomena.
Transmission line distance protection based on wavelet transform

Wavelet transform (WT) has the ability to decompose signals into different frequency bands using multiresolution analysis (MRA). It can be utilized in detecting faults and to estimate the phasors of the voltage and current signals, which are essential for transmission line distance protection. A digital distance-protection scheme for transmission lines based on analyzing the measured voltage and current signals at the relay location using WT with MRA is presented in this paper. The scheme has been tested by both computer simulation and experimentally. The tests presented include solid ground faults, phase faults, high impedance and nonlinear ground faults, and line charging.
Mycotoxin production by fungi isolated from stored grains

A study was conducted to determine the fungi associated with maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and millet (Pennisetum typhoiodes) in storage. Mycotoxin production by isolated fungi was subsequently evaluated using the thin layer chromatography technique. Eight different fungi were isolated altogether namely Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium spinulosum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium sp. The results of this study show that all the fungi produced one toxin or the other as detected in the culture filtrates of isolated fungi. However, only three of these toxins were identified namely aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, and zearalenone. The retention factors (Rf) of all the toxins produced were determined.
Ability of optical coherence tomography to detect caries beneath commonly used dental sealants.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The onset and progression of early tooth decay is often preventable with dental sealants. However, occasionally decay progresses underneath the sealant. Current technology does not permit monitoring of potential lesion progression or arrest. Dental sealants themselves mask the visual cues that identify early tooth decay, and radiographs are not sufficiently sensitive. Therefore, clinicians can be reluctant to use dental sealant. The objective of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the ability of dentists to detect decay beneath commonly used dental sealants using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. STUDY DESIGNS/MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty extracted teeth were divided into equal groups of carious and non-carious teeth, as determined by visual inspection. After radiographs and OCT imaging, teeth were randomly assigned for sealant placement with one of four commonly purchased dental sealants: Clinpro™, Fuji Triage™, Embrace Wet Bond™, and Delton™.Following sealant placement, teeth were radiographed, imaged with OCT, sectioned, examined histologically, and scored as healthy/not healthy. OCT and radiographic images were scored separately. The gold standard was histopathological diagnosis from the serial sections.Cohen's kappa, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were computed for all measures.


RESULTS
After 90 minutes training, pre-standardized dentists were able to detect tooth decay more accurately using OCT than with visual or radiographic examination. Detection using OCT was somewhat better prior to sealant placement than afterwards. This effect varied in size depending on the type of sealant used. Radiographic diagnosis was also less accurate after sealant placement. Of the four dental sealants, Delton provided excellent positive predictive value and the best post-sealant negative predictive values.


CONCLUSION
In this ex vivo study, dentists were able to detect tooth decay beneath four commonly used dental sealants based on OCT images. Clinical investigations are now underway to determine the usefulness of this approach in vivo.
How equitation science can elucidate and refine horsemanship techniques.

The long-held belief that human dominance and equine submission are key to successful training and that the horse must be taught to 'respect' the trainer infers that force is often used during training. Many horses respond by trialling unwelcome evasions, resistances and flight responses, which readily become established. When unable to cope with problem behaviours, some handlers in the past might have been encouraged to use harsh methods or devices while others may have called in a so-called 'good horseman' or 'horse whisperer' to remediate the horse. Frequently, the approaches such practitioners offer could not be applied by the horse's owner or trainer because of their lack of understanding or inability to apply the techniques. Often it seemed that these 'horse-people' had magical ways with horses (e.g., they only had to whisper to them) that achieved impressive results although they had little motivation to divulge their techniques. As we begin to appreciate how to communicate with horses sensitively and consistently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations by horse and trainer should become less common. Recent studies have begun to reveal what comprises the simplest, most humane and most effective mechanisms in horse training and these advances are being matched by greater sharing of knowledge among practitioners. Indeed, various practitioners of what is referred to here as 'natural horsemanship' now use techniques similar to the 'whisperers' of old, but they are more open about their methods. Reputable horse trainers using natural horsemanship approaches are talented observers of horse behaviour and respond consistently and swiftly to the horse's subtle cues during training. For example, in the roundpen these trainers apply an aversive stimulus to prompt a flight response and then, when the horse slows down, moves toward them, or offers space-reducing affiliative signals, the trainer immediately modifies his/her agonistic signals, thus negatively reinforcing the desired response. Learning theory and equine ethology, the fundamentals of the emerging discipline of equitation science, can be used to explain almost all the behaviour modification that goes on in these contexts and in conventional horsemanship. By measuring and evaluating what works and what does not, equitation science has the potential to have a unifying effect on traditional practices and developing branches of equitation.
Cosmic Crystallography of the Second Order

The cosmic crystallography method of Lehoucq et al. [1] produces sharp peaks in the distribution of distances between the images of cosmic sources. But the method cannot be applied to universes with compact spatial sections of negative curvature. We apply to these a second order crystallographic effect, as evidenced by statistical parameters.
The Essence of Phenomenology and Its Meaning for the Scientific Study of Religion

Contents: Preface - Introduction - The Confusion about 'phenomenology' in religious studies - The semantic potential of 'phenomenology' - The phenomenologies of Lambert, Robison, Hegel, Hamilton, Whewell, Peirce and Husserl - Ramifications of the philosophical meaning of 'phenomenology' for religion - Conclusions.