LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the front-of-pack 5-colour nutrition label (5-CNL) on the nutritional quality of purchases: an experimental study

BACKGROUND
Front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling has received growing attention from public health authorities, as a tool to promote healthier diets in the population. Recently, the French Health law introduced the principle of implementing a FOP nutrition labelling system. A scientific proposal has put forward the 5-Colour Nutrition Label (5-CNL), a five-category colour-coded summary system supported by research suggesting that it is well perceived and understood in the population. Our objective was to investigate the impact of the 5-CNL on the nutritional quality of purchases in experimental supermarkets.


METHODS
Participants (n = 901) were recruited using quota sampling between September and December 2015 and evenly distributed in three experimental conditions: 1) control situation; 2) Application of the 5-CNL on all food products in three specific sections: breakfast cereals, sweet biscuits and appetizers; 3) introduction of the 5-CNL accompanied by consumer information on use and understanding of the label. Main outcome was the nutritional quality of the shopping cart in the three sections combined, measured using the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system (FSA score).


RESULTS
Significantly higher mean nutritional quality of the purchased items per section were observed for the sweet biscuits category in the intervention combining the label + communication (overall FSA score 21.01 vs. 20.23, P = 0.02). No significant effects were observed for the general mean over the three sections combined or other food categories. The results observed on purchase may be related to the high level of recall, self-reported and objective understanding of the label that were observed in the intervention groups as they are pre-requisites for use of a label in purchasing situations.


CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the 5-CNL FOP nutrition label may have a limited impact on purchases, leading to healthier food choices in some food categories such as sweet biscuits.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov under the number NCT02546505 .
Comparison of nonlinear control design techniques on a model of the Caltech ducted fan

In this paper we compare di!erent nonlinear control design methods by applying them to the planar model of a ducted fan engine. The methods used range from Jacobian linearization of the nonlinear plant and designing an LQR controller, to using model predictive control and linear parameter varying methods. The controller design can be divided into two steps. The "rst step requires the derivation of a control Lyapunov function (CLF), while the second involves using an existing CLF to generate a controller. The main premise of this paper is that by combining the best of these two phases, it is possible to "nd controllers that achieve superior performance when compared to those that apply each phase independently. All of the results are compared to the optimal solution which is approximated by solving a trajectory optimization problem with a su$ciently large time horizon. 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Integrated microfluidic devices

“With the fundamentals of microscale flow and species transport well developed, the recent trend in microfluidics has been to work towards the development of integrated devices which incorporate multiple fluidic, electronic and mechanical components or chemical processes onto a single chip sized substrate. Along with this has been a major push towards portability and therefore a decreased reliance on external infrastructure (such as detection sensors, heaters or voltage sources).” In this review we provide an in-depth look at the “state-of-the-art” in integrated microfludic devices for a broad range of application areas from on-chip DNA analysis, immunoassays and cytometry to advances in integrated detection technologies for and miniaturized fuel processing devices. In each area a few representative devices are examined with the intent of introducing the operating procedure, construction materials and manufacturing technique, as well as any unique and interesting features. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hs-CRP may be associated with white blood cell count in metabolic syndrome patients treated with Ginkgo biloba.

In several clinical trials, it has been demonstrated that osinophil cationic protein (ECP), a sensitive marker of eosinophil ctivation, is associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, in-stent restenois) after bare metal stent (BMS) [1] and drug-eluting stent (DES) mplantation [2], and is implicated in risk prediction for clinical utcome. These findings suggested that allergic inflammation may lay a key role in these adverse reactions occurring after stent mplantation [1–5]. Furthermore, eosinophils are directly involved n coronary atherosclerosis [1,6] and thus, ECP has been estabished as a new biomarker [6]. Since we had observed a decrease in anoplaque formation and size as well as in biomarkers of oxidative tress, plaque formation, stability and progression, and inflamation in a clinical pilot study in metabolic syndrome patients reated with Ginkgo biloba, we revisited these laboratory parameers [7–10]. Thereby, special attention was directed to the number f white blood cells (WBC). A preventional, randomized, 3-month study comprising a 1onth dietary run-in phase followed by a study treatment period f 2 months was conducted in the Phase I–II study clinic of the MHAPT “Zaritza Johanna” University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria. The roject has been reviewed and approved by the local Ethics Comittee and the Bulgarian Drug Agency. Eleven patients (2 male, 9 emale) with metabolic syndrome aged 26–48 years were recruited, rovided that they fell within the additional inclusion criteria moking (all 11 patients were smokers) and blood lipoprotein(a) Lp(a)] concentration >30 mg/dL (9 patients). The inclusion criteion smoking was enclosed to clearly demonstrate the antioxidative ffect of ginkgo, and Lp(a) > 30 mg/dL was enclosed to confirm the p(a) lowering by 23.4% (p < 0.0234) from the preceding ginkgo tudy in aortocoronary bypass patients (8 patients) [11]. The stanard therapy of the patients was 2 × 120 mg/d G. biloba special xtract EGb 761 (Rökan novo®: Spitzner Arzneimittel, Ettlingen; ebonin®: Schwabe Pharmaceuticals, Karlsruhe, Germany) over 2 onths. No statins, no calcium antagonists and no nitrate comounds were given. No adverse events occurred and all the patients elt well during and after ginkgo intake [7]. Nanotechnologic biosensor ellipsometry, photometric methods, ommercial ELISAs and EIAs were applied [7,8]. Hematology was
Prognostic factors for successful percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.

OBJECTIVE
In sacral as well as tibial nerve stimulation test stimulation is the main prognostic factor for success. In our study we tried to identify prognostic patient characteristics to improve patient selection for neuromodulation therapy.


METHODS
PTNS was applied to 132 patients in 8 study centers (51 men, 81 women, mean age of 53 years (range: 21-82)). 83 patients were treated for overactive bladder, 16 for non-obstructive urinary retention and 33 for chronic pelvic pain. All patients had to fill out micturition or pain diaries, as well as quality of life questionnaires before and after treatment. Patient characteristics were evaluated for their prognostic value for successful outcome of neuromodulation therapy with use of logistic regression.


RESULTS
Objective success was seen in 32.6% of patients, subjective success in 51.5%. Most evaluated clinical parameters proved not to be of prognostic value. A history of sexual and/or physical abuse was found in 12 of 103 interviewed patients, but did not alter PTNS treatment outcome. However, a low total score at baseline in the SF-36 questionnaire proved to be predictive for not obtaining objective (OR 0.444 [95% CI: 0.198-0.996], p = 0.04) or subjective success (OR 0.424 [CI: 0.203-0.887], p = 0.02). Especially patients with a low SF-36 Mental Component Summary were prone to fail neuromodulation therapy: OR 0.123 (95% CI: 0.273-0.552), p = 0.006 for objective success. These patients also scored worse on disease-specific quality of life questionnaires, although they had no different disease severity compared to patients with good mental health.


CONCLUSION
Bad mental health as measured with the SF-36 Mental Component Summary does not depend on symptom severity and is a negative predictive factor for success of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. It therefore might be used as a tool for better patient selection in neuromodulation therapy.
Active Voltage control of IGBTs for high power applications

The operation of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in its active region is a well established technique for withstanding short circuits and also for dv/dt control. In this paper, we exploit the active behavior of the IGBT, applying a voltage feedback loop to the IGBT to control its switching. It is shown that adding a bias to the demand reference waveform shifts the IGBT into the active region and permits wide bandwidth operation over most of the switching transient. The operation of the IGBT is reported in detail, making reference to a selection of experimental waveforms for 400-A, 1700-V capsule IGBTs. The implementation required for control of such large IGBT modules and capsule devices for high power applications is described and discussed. It is concluded that the active voltage control method allows the operation of high power IGBT circuits to be closely defined.
EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
To develop evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome.


METHODS
A multidisciplinary task force was formed representing 11 European countries. The design of the study, including search strategy, participants, interventions, outcome measures, data collection and analytical method, was defined at the outset. A systematic review was undertaken with the keywords "fibromyalgia", "treatment or management" and "trial". Studies were excluded if they did not utilise the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, were not clinical trials, or included patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis. Primary outcome measures were change in pain assessed by visual analogue scale and fibromyalgia impact questionnaire. The quality of the studies was categorised based on randomisation, blinding and allocation concealment. Only the highest quality studies were used to base recommendations on. When there was insufficient evidence from the literature, a Delphi process was used to provide basis for recommendation.


RESULTS
146 studies were eligible for the review. 39 pharmacological intervention studies and 59 non-pharmacological were included in the final recommendation summary tables once those of a lower quality or with insufficient data were separated. The categories of treatment identified were antidepressants, analgesics, and "other pharmacological" and exercise, cognitive behavioural therapy, education, dietary interventions and "other non-pharmacological". In many studies sample size was small and the quality of the study was insufficient for strong recommendations to be made.


CONCLUSIONS
Nine recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome were developed using a systematic review and expert consensus.
Distributed Ledgers & Linked Data

Distributed are increasing being thought of as a platform for decentralised applications — DApps — and the the focus for many is shifting from Bitcoin to Smart Contracts. It’s thought that encoding contracts and putting them “on the blockchain” will result in a new generation of organisations that are leaner and more efficient than their forebears (“Capps”?”), disrupting these forebears in the process. However, the most interesting aspect of Bitcoin and blockchain is that it involved no new technology, no new math. Their emergence was due to changes in the environment: the priceperformance and penetration of broadband networks reached a point that it was economically viable for a decentralised solution, such as Bitcoin to compete with traditional payment (international remittance) networks. This is combining with another trend — the shift from monolithic firms to multi-sided markets such as AirBnb et al and the rise of “platform businesses” — to enable a new class of solution to emerge. These new solutions enable firms to interact directly, without the need for a facilitator such as a market, exchange, or even a blockchain. In the past these facilitators were firms. More recently they have been “platform businesses.” In the future they may not exist at all. The shift to a distributed environment enables us to reconsider many of the ideas from distributed AI and linked data. Where are the opportunities? How can we avoid the mistakes of the past?
Handwritten document image segmentation into text lines and words

Article history: Received 22 July 2008 Received in revised form 23 February 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009
The effectiveness of a graphical presentation in addition to a frequency format in the context of familial breast cancer risk communication: a multicenter controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Inadequate understanding of risk among counselees is a common problem in familial cancer clinics. It has been suggested that graphical displays can help counselees understand cancer risks and subsequent decision-making. We evaluated the effects of a graphical presentation in addition to a frequency format on counselees' understanding, psychological well-being, and preventive intentions.


DESIGN
Multicenter controlled trial.


SETTING
Three familial cancer clinics in the Netherlands.


METHODS



PARTICIPANTS
Unaffected women with a breast cancer family history (first-time attendees).


INTERVENTION
Immediately after standard genetic counseling, an additional consultation by a trained risk counselor took place where women were presented with their lifetime breast cancer risk in frequency format (X out of 100) (n = 63) or frequency format plus graphical display (10 × 10 human icons) (n = 91).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
understanding of risk (risk accuracy, risk perception), psychological well-being, and intentions regarding cancer prevention. Measurements were assessed using questionnaires at baseline, 2-week and 6-month follow-up.


RESULTS
Baseline participant characteristics did not differ between the two groups. In both groups there was an increase in women's risk accuracy from baseline to follow-up. No significant differences were found between women who received the frequency format and those who received an additional graphical display in terms of understanding, psychological well-being and intentions regarding cancer prevention. The groups did not differ in their evaluation of the process of counseling.


CONCLUSION
Women's personal risk estimation accuracy was generally high at baseline and the results suggest that an additional graphical display does not lead to a significant benefit in terms of increasing understanding of risk, psychological well-being and preventive intentions.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials http://ISRCTN14566836.
Potential side effect of propofol and sevoflurane for anesthesia of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis

BACKGROUND
Many anesthetic drugs interact with the NMDA receptor and may therefore alter the clinical presentation of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis.


CASE PRESENTATION
A 24-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for decreased consciousness and hyperthermia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, and elevated protein. Cultures were negative. Patient state worsened with agitation, facial dyskinesia, ocular deviation, and limb dystonia. Diagnosis of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis was evidenced by specific antibodies. High doses of methylprednisolone were administered. CT scan disclosed an ovarian teratoma and tumor resection was scheduled under anesthesia with propofol, sufentanil, atracurium and sevoflurane. Sedation after surgery was maintained with propofol. Rapidly after surgery, patient's condition deteriorated with increase of dyskinesias, and two tonic-clonic generalized seizure events.


CONCLUSION
In patients with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, anesthesia using benzodiazepines, opiates and curares, which fail to interfere with the NMDA pathway, should be preferred.
FDI spillovers in an emerging market: the role of foreign firms' country origin diversity and domestic firms' absorptive capacity

Prior literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers has mainly focused on how the presence of FDI affects the productivity of domestic firms. In this study, we advance the literature by examining the effect of the diversity of FDI country origins on the productivity of domestic firms. We propose that the diversity of FDI country origins can facilitate FDI spillovers by increasing the variety of technologies and management practices brought by foreign firms, to which domestic firms are exposed and that they can potentially utilize. Further, the extent to which domestic firms can utilize these technologies and practices depends upon their absorptive capacity. Using panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms during the period 1998–2003, our results support these propositions. We find that the diversity of FDI country origins in an industry has a positive relationship with the productivity of domestic firms in the industry. This positive relationship is stronger when domestic firms are larger, and when the technology gap between FDI and the domestic firms is intermediate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Physician's Guide to Balance.

A physician describes how practicing and teaching yoga helps him to maintain work-life balance and emotional well-being. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
On Oxford Street: A Professional and Personal Story

It has often been noted that a person’s professional interests can spring from a personal partiality, and in so many ways that is my story. The sort of history I now write is more often motivated by the personal. And urban history led me down that road. But I would like to start by considering what might be called the ‘historiography’ of urban history and look at some significant mileposts.
An untethered jumping soft robot

Locomoting soft robots typically walk or crawl slowly relative to their rigid counterparts. In order to execute agile behaviors such as jumping, rapid actuation modes are required. Here we present an untethered soft-bodied robot that uses a combination of pneumatic and explosive actuators to execute directional jumping maneuvers. This robot can autonomously jump up to 0.6 meters laterally with an apex of up to 0.6 meters (7.5 times it's body height) and can achieve targeted jumping onto an object. The robot is able to execute these directed jumps while carrying the required fuel, pneumatics, control electronics, and battery. We also present a thermodynamic model for the combustion of butane used to power jumping, and calculate the theoretical maximum work output for the design. From experimental results, we find the mechanical efficiency of this prototype to be 0.8%.
Circadian eating and sleeping patterns in the night eating syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the eating and sleep-wake patterns of persons with the night eating syndrome (NES) with those of matched control subjects.


RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Forty-six overweight/obese NES subjects (mean age 43.3 +/- 9.8 years; 32 women) and 43 similar controls (mean age 39.0 +/- 11.0 years; 28 women) wore wrist actigraphs for 7 days and completed sleep and food diaries at home.


RESULTS
There was no difference between the total energy intake of the NES and the control subjects, but the pattern of energy intake differed greatly. Relative to control subjects, the temporal pattern of food intake of night eaters was delayed. Food intake after the evening meal, as a proportion of the 24-hour intake, was more than 3-fold greater in NES subjects than in controls (34.6 +/- 10.1% vs. 10.0 +/- 6.9%, p = 0.001). NES subjects had sleep onset, offset, and total sleep duration times comparable with those of controls. NES subjects reported more nocturnal awakenings than did controls (1.5 +/- 1.0 per night vs. 0.5 +/- 0.5; p < 0.001), and their actigraphically monitored arousals occurred earlier during sleep (at 128 minutes after sleep onset vs. 193 minutes, p = 0.01). NES subjects consumed food on 74% of the awakenings vs. 0% for the controls.


DISCUSSION
The pattern of cumulative energy intake of the night eaters suggests a phase delay in energy consumption relative to sleep-wake times. NES may involve a dissociation of the circadian control of eating relative to sleep.
Rotator cuff repair augmentation in a canine model with use of a woven poly-L-lactide device.

BACKGROUND
Despite advances in surgical treatment options, failure rates of rotator cuff repair have continued to range from 20% to 90%. Hence, there is a need for new repair strategies that provide effective mechanical reinforcement of rotator cuff repair as well as stimulate and enhance the intrinsic healing potential of the patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which augmentation of acute repair of rotator cuff tendons with a newly designed poly-L-lactide repair device would improve functional and biomechanical outcomes in a canine model.


METHODS
Eight adult, male mongrel dogs (25 to 30 kg) underwent bilateral shoulder surgery. One shoulder underwent tendon release and repair only, and the other was subjected to release and repair followed by augmentation with the repair device. At twelve weeks, tendon retraction, cross-sectional area, stiffness, and ultimate load of the repair site were measured. Augmented repairs underwent histologic assessment of biocompatibility. In addition, eight pairs of canine cadaver shoulders underwent infraspinatus injury and repair with and without device augmentation with use of identical surgical procedures and served as time-zero biomechanical controls. Eight unpaired, canine cadaver shoulders were included as normal biomechanical controls.


RESULTS
At time zero, repair augmentation significantly increased the ultimate load (23%) (p = 0.034) but not the stiffness of the canine infraspinatus tendon repair. At twelve weeks, the poly-L-lactide scaffold was observed to be histologically biocompatible, and augmented repairs demonstrated significantly less tendon retraction (p = 0.008) and significantly greater cross-sectional area (137%), stiffness (26%), and ultimate load (35%) than did repairs that had not been augmented (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.009, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
While limiting but not eliminating tendon repair retraction, the augmentation device provided a tendon-bone bridge and scaffold for host tissue deposition and ingrowth, resulting in improved biomechanical function of the repair at twelve weeks.