LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear dynamics aspects of modern storage rings

Particle dynamics in storage rings is considered from the point of view of modern developments in nonlinear dynamics. The paper is intended as a brief introduction for accelerator physicists to the modern world of nonlinear mechanics and for mathematical physicists to the nonlinear world of modern storage rings. * Work supported in part by the Department of Energy, contracts DE-AC03-84ER40182 and DE-AC03-76SF00515. Contributed to the Joint US/CERN School on Particle Accelerators Sardinia, Italy, January 31 February 5, 1985
Review of PM generator designs for direct-drive wind turbines

A review of the direct drive permanent magnet generator technologies for wind energy is carried out in the paper. A preliminary study of the V-shaped interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for application as the direct drive wind-power generator was also conducted. The air-gap flux density of this type of IPM machine has been studied which shows that by optimizing V angle, high air-gap flux density can be maintained even with small pole pitch angle of high pole number structure.
Human Knowledge: Classical and Contemporary Approaches

*=NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION General Introduction: Human Knowledge-Its Nature, Sources, and Limits PART I. CLASSICAL SOURCES Meno Phaedo Republic Theaetetus Posterior Analytics De Anima Outlines of Pyrrhonism Contra Academicos De Civitas Dei Summa Theologiae Meditations on First Philosophy An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Introduction to New Essays on the Human Understanding A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 11. * An Inquiry into the Human Mind Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics PART II. CONTEMPORARY SOURCES The Will to Believe Appearance, Reality, and Knowledge By Acquaintance Verification and Philosophy The Pragmatic Element in Knowledge Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology Two Dogmas of Empiricism 19. * Pragmatism, Relativism, and Irrationalism Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? An Alleged Defect in Gettier Counter-Examples The Gettier Problem A Pragmatic Conception of the A Priori The Truths of Reason A Priori Knowledge, Necessity, and Contingency Concepts of Epistemic Justification The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge 28. * A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification 29. * Evidentialism Reflective Equilibrium, Analytic Epistemology, and the Problem of Cognitive Diversity Proof of an External World Cause and Effect: Intuitive Awareness Skepticism, Naturalism, and Transcendental Arguments 34. * Philosophical Scepticism and Epistemic Circularity 35. * Scepticism, 'Externalism', and the Goal of Epistemology Epistemology Naturalized Why Reason Can't Be Naturalized Epistemic Folkways and Scientific Epistemology 39. * Quine as Feminist: The Radical Import of Naturalized Epistemology
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Teacher Form.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP-IV)-Teacher Form.


METHODS
The sample included a representative sample of 3,653 first to eighth graders (boys, 52.3%) and 190 children diagnosed with ADHD (aged 6-15). Teachers completed the Chinese versions of the SNAP-IV, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.


RESULTS
The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and opposition) with an adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.990; root mean square error of approximation = 0.058). The test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations = 0.60-0.84), internal consistency (alpha = .88-.95), and concurrent validity (Pearson correlations = 0.61-0.84) were satisfactory. Children with both ADHD and oppositional defiant/conduct disorders had the highest scores, followed by children with ADHD only who had intermediate scores and then school-based participants who had the lowest scores.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the Chinese SNAP-IV-Teacher Form is a reliable and valid instrument for rating ADHD and oppositional symptoms (ClinicalTrials.Gov number, NCT00491361).
Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects of intramuscularly administered xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride-butorphanol tartrate alone or in combination with orally administered sodium salicylate on biomarkers of pain in Holstein calves following castration and dehorning.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of xylazine, ketamine, and butorphanol (XKB) administered IM and sodium salicylate (SAL) administered PO to calves and to compare drug effects on biomarkers of pain and distress following sham and actual castration and dehorning.


ANIMALS
40 Holstein bull calves from 3 farms.


PROCEDURES
Calves weighing 108 to 235 kg (n = 10 calves/group) received one of the following treatments prior to sham (period 1) and actual (period 2) castration and dehorning: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution IM (placebo); SAL administered PO through drinking water at concentrations from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL from 24 hours prior to period 1 to 48 hours after period 2; butorphanol (0.025 mg/kg), xylazine (0.05 mg/kg), and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg) coadministered IM immediately prior to both periods; and a combination of SAL and XKB (SAL+XKB). Plasma drug concentrations, average daily gain (ADG), chute exit velocity, serum cortisol concentrations, and electrodermal activity were evaluated.


RESULTS
ADG (days 0 to 13) was significantly greater in the SAL and SAL+XKB groups than in the other 2 groups. Calves receiving XKB had reduced chute exit velocity in both periods. Serum cortisol concentrations increased in all groups from period 1 to period 2. However, XKB attenuated the cortisol response for the first hour after castration and dehorning and oral SAL administration reduced the response from 1 to 6 hours. Administration of XKB decreased electrodermal activity scores in both periods.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
SAL administered PO through drinking water decreased cortisol concentrations and reduced the decrease in ADG associated with castration and dehorning in calves.
Infrared face recognition: a comprehensive review of methodologies and databases

Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense research, the state-of-the-art in face recognition continues to improve, benefitting from advances in a range of different research fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics, and physiology. Systems based on visible spectrum images, the most researched face recognition modality, have reached a significant level of maturity with some practical success. However, they continue to face challenges in the presence of illumination, pose and expression changes, as well as facial disguises, all of which can significantly decrease recognition accuracy. Amongst various approaches which have been proposed in an attempt to overcome these limitations, the use of infrared (IR) imaging has emerged as a particularly promising research direction. This paper presents a comprehensive and timely review of the literature on this subject. Our key contributions are (i) a summary of the inherent properties of infrared imaging which makes this modality promising in the context of face recognition; (ii) a systematic review of the most influential approaches, with a focus on emerging common trends as well as key differences between alternative methodologies; (iii) a description of the main databases of infrared facial images available to the researcher; and lastly (iv) a discussion of the most promising avenues for future research. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Incidence, correlates, and outcomes of acute, hospital-acquired anemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
Anemia is common among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and is associated with poor outcomes. Less is known about the incidence, correlates, and prognostic implications of acute, hospital-acquired anemia (HAA).


METHODS AND RESULTS
We identified 2909 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had normal hemoglobin (Hgb) on admission in the multicenter TRIUMPH registry and defined HAA by criteria proposed by Beutler and Waalen. We used hierarchical Poisson regression to identify independent correlates of HAA and multivariable proportional hazards regression to identify the association of HAA with mortality and health status. At discharge, 1321 (45.4%) patients had HAA, of whom 348 (26.3%) developed moderate-severe HAA (Hgb <11 g/dL). The incidence of HAA varied significantly across hospitals (range, 33% to 69%; median rate ratio for HAA, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.23, adjusting for patient characteristics). Although documented bleeding was more frequent with more severe HAA, fewer than half of the patients with moderate-severe HAA had any documented bleeding. Independent correlates of HAA included age, female sex, white race, chronic kidney disease, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, in-hospital complications (cardiogenic shock, bleeding and bleeding severity), and length of stay. After adjustment for GRACE score and bleeding, patients with moderate-severe HAA had higher mortality rates (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.98 versus no HAA) and poorer health status at 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
HAA develops in nearly half of acute myocardial infarction hospitalizations among patients treated medically or with percutaneous coronary intervention, commonly in the absence of documented bleeding, and is associated with worse mortality and health status. Better understanding of how HAA can be prevented and whether its prevention can improve patient outcomes is needed.
Stress fractures in elite male football players.

The objective was to investigate the incidence, type and distribution of stress fractures in professional male football players. Fifty-four football teams, comprising 2379 players, were followed prospectively for 189 team seasons during the years 2001-2009. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. The first team squads of 24 clubs selected by UEFA as belonging to the 50 best European teams, 15 teams of the Swedish Super League and 15 teams playing their home matches on artificial turf pitches were included. In total, 51 stress fractures occurred during 1,180,000 h of exposure, giving an injury incidence of 0.04 injuries/1000 h. A team of 25 players can therefore expect one stress fracture every third season. All fractures affected the lower extremities and 78% the fifth metatarsal bone. Stress fractures to the fifth metatarsal bone, tibia or pelvis caused absences of 3-5 months. Twenty-nine percent of the stress fractures were re-injuries. Players that sustained stress fractures were significantly younger than those that did not. Stress fractures are rare in men's professional football but cause long absences. Younger age and intensive pre-season training appear to be risk factors.
Grid Integration of Wind Farms Using SVC and STATCOM

This paper considers the use of the static VAr compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for wind farm integration. Wind farm models based on fixed speed induction generators (FSIG), using AC connection and equipped with either SVC or STATCOM, are developed. Stability problems with the FSIG are described. An investigation is conducted on the impact of STATCOM/SVC ratings and network strength on system stability after network faults, and comparison is also made between the performances of the two devices. It was found that the SVC and STATCOM considerably improve the system stability during and after disturbances, especially when the network is weak. It showed that the STATCOM gave a much better dynamic performance, and provided better reactive power support to the network, as its maximum reactive current output was virtually independent of the PCC voltage.
Andro-AutoPsy: Anti-malware system based on similarity matching of malware and malware creator-centric information

Mobile security threats have recently emerged because of the fast growth in mobile technologies and the essential role that mobile devices play in our daily lives. For that, and to particularly address threats associated with malware, various techniques are developed in the literature, including ones that utilize static, dynamic, on-device, off-device, and hybrid approaches for identifying, classifying, and defend against mobile threats. Those techniques fail at times, and succeed at other times, while creating a trade-off of performance and operation. In this paper, we contribute to the mobile security defense posture by introducing Andro-AutoPsy, an anti-malware system based on similarity matching of malware-centric and malware creator-centric information. Using Andro-AutoPsy, we detect and classify malware samples into similar subgroups by exploiting the profiles extracted from integrated footprints, which are implicitly equivalent to distinct characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that Andro-AutoPsy is scalable, performs precisely in detecting and classifying malware with low false positives and false negatives, and is capable of identifying zero-day mobile malware. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cocaine-induced metaplasticity in the nucleus accumbens: Silent synapse and beyond

The neuroadaptation theory of addiction suggests that, similar to the development of most memories, exposure to drugs of abuse induces adaptive molecular and cellular changes in the brain which likely mediate addiction-related memories or the addictive state. Compared to other types of memories, addiction-related memories develop fast and last extremely long, suggesting that the cellular and molecular processes that mediate addiction-related memories are exceptionally adept and efficient. We recently demonstrated that repeated exposure to cocaine generated a large portion of "silent" glutamatergic synapses within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Silent glutamatergic synapses are synaptic connections in which only N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated responses are readily detected whereas alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are absent or highly labile. Extensive experimental evidence suggests that silent synapses are conspicuously efficient plasticity sites at which long-lasting plastic changes can be more easily induced and maintained. Thus, generation of silent synapses can be regarded as a process of metaplasticity, which primes the NAc for subsequent durable and robust plasticity for addiction-related memories. Focusing on silent synapse-based metaplasticity, this review discusses how key brain regions, such as the NAc, utilize the metaplasticity mechanism to optimize the plasticity machineries to achieve fast and durable plastic changes following exposure to cocaine. A summary of recent related results suggests that upon cocaine exposure, newly generated silent synapses may prime excitatory synapses within the NAc for long-term potentiation (LTP), thus setting the direction of future plasticity. Furthermore, because cocaine-generated silent synapses are enriched in NMDARs containing the NR2B subunit, the enhanced NR2B-signaling may set up a selective recruitment of certain types of AMPARs. Thus, silent synapse-based metaplasticity may lead to not only quantitative but also qualitative alterations in excitatory synapses within the NAc. This review is one of the first systematic analyses regarding the hypothesis that drugs of abuse induce metaplasticity, which regulates the susceptibility, the direction, and the molecular details of subsequent plastic changes. Taken together, metaplasticity ultimately serves as a key step in mediating cascades of addiction-related plastic alterations.
Health of homeless women with recent experience of rape

There is limited understanding of the physical health, mental health, and substance use or abuse correlates of sexual violence against homeless women. This study documents the association of rape with health and substance use or abuse characteristics reported by a probability sample of 974 homeless women in Los Angeles. Controlling for potential confounders, women who reported rape fared worse than those who did not on every physical and mental health measure and were also more likely to have used and abused drugs other than alcohol. Results should serve to alert clinicians about groups of homeless women who may benefit from rape screening and treatment interventions.
The Cooltown User Experience

ubiquitous, user, interface, web, handheld, wireless The Cooltown project at HP Labs applies Web technology to develop systems that support the users of wireless, handheld devices interacting with their environment, anywhere they may be. The basic elements of Web technology useful for ubiquitous computing are described in several papers and on-line resources from the Cooltown project [1-5]. Here we will give a flavor of the Cooltown user experience, discuss ways that context can be used in web systems, and explain why we think a web-based system for ubiquitous computing can achieve network effects. In our conclusion we will mention some of the many remaining challenges and our initial user studies platform.
Metopic suture in fetuses with Apert syndrome at 22-27 weeks of gestation.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the possible association of skull deformity and the development of the cranial sutures in fetuses with Apert syndrome.


METHODS
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound was used to examine the metopic and coronal sutures in seven fetuses with Apert syndrome at 22-27 weeks of gestation. The gap between the frontal bones in the transverse plane of the head at the level of the cavum septi pellucidi was measured and compared to findings in 120 anatomically normal fetuses undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 16-32 weeks.


RESULTS
In the normal group, the gap between the frontal bones in the metopic suture at the level of the cavum septi pellucidi, decreased significantly with gestation from a mean of 2.2 mm (5th and 95th centiles: 1.5 mm and 2.9 mm) at 16 weeks to 0.9 mm (5th and 95th centiles: 0.3 mm and 1.6 mm) at 32 weeks. In the seven cases with Apert syndrome, two-dimensional ultrasound examination demonstrated the characteristic features of frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge and bilateral syndactyly. On 3D examination there was complete closure of the coronal suture and a wide gap in the metopic suture (15-23 mm).


CONCLUSION
In normal fetuses, cranial bones are believed to grow in response to the centrifugal pressure from the expanding brain and proximity of the dura to the suture is critical in maintaining its patency. In Apert syndrome, the frontal bossing may be a mere consequence of a genetically predetermined premature closure of the coronal suture. Alternatively, there is a genetically predetermined deformation of the brain, which in turn, through differential stretch of the dura in the temporal and frontal regions, causes premature closure of the coronal suture and impaired closure of the metopic suture.
Increased Grey Matter Associated with Long-Term Sahaja Yoga Meditation: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

OBJECTIVES
To investigate regional differences in grey matter volume associated with the practice of Sahaja Yoga Meditation.


DESIGN
Twenty three experienced practitioners of Sahaja Yoga Meditation and twenty three non-meditators matched on age, gender and education level, were scanned using structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging and their grey matter volume were compared using Voxel-Based Morphometry.


RESULTS
Grey matter volume was larger in meditators relative to non-meditators across the whole brain. In addition, grey matter volume was larger in several predominantly right hemispheric regions: in insula, ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal and parietal cortices as well as in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left insula. No areas with larger grey matter volume were found in non-meditators relative to meditators.


CONCLUSIONS
The study shows that long-term practice of Sahaja Yoga Meditation is associated with larger grey matter volume overall, and with regional enlargement in several right hemispheric cortical and subcortical brain regions that are associated with sustained attention, self-control, compassion and interoceptive perception. The increased grey matter volume in these attention and self-control mediating regions suggests use-dependent enlargement with regular practice of this meditation.
Adaptive routing with end-to-end feedback: distributed learning and geometric approaches

Minimal delay routing is a fundamental task in networks. Since delays depend on the (potentially unpredictable) traffic distribution, online delay optimization can be quite challenging. While uncertainty about the current network delays may make the current routing choices sub-optimal, the algorithm can nevertheless try to learn the traffic patterns and keep adapting its choice of routing paths so as to perform nearly as well as the best static path. This online shortest path problem is a special case of online linear optimization, a problem in which an online algorithm must choose, in each round, a strategy from some compact set S ⊆ Rd so as to try to minimize a linear cost function which is only revealed at the end of the round. Kalai and Vempala[4] gave an algorithm for such problems in the transparent feedback model, where the entire cost function is revealed at the end of the round. Here we present an algorithm for online linear optimization in the more challenging opaque feedback model, in which only the cost of the chosen strategy is revealed at the end of the round. In the special case of shortest paths, opaque feedback corresponds to the notion that in each round the algorithm learns only the end-to-end cost of the chosen path, not the cost of every edge in the network.We also present a second algorithm for online shortest paths, which solves the shortest-path problem using a chain of online decision oracles, one at each node of the graph. This has several advantages over the online linear optimization approach. First, it is effective against an adaptive adversary, whereas our linear optimization algorithm assumes an oblivious adversary. Second, even in the case of an oblivious adversary, the second algorithm performs better than the first, as measured by their additive regret.
Born in a watery commune

If you go back far enough, humans, frogs, bacteria and slime moulds share a common ancestor. But scientists can't agree what it was like, or even whether it was a single creature. John Whitfield reviews the evidence.
Are topical fl uorides effective for treating incipient carious lesions ? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. This systematic review and meta-analysis Tathiane Larissa Lenzi, MSc, PhD; Anelise Fernandes Montagner, MSc, PhD; Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares, PhD; Rachel de Oliveira Rocha, MSc, PhD evaluated the effectiveness of professional topical fluoride application (gels or varnishes) on the reversal treatment of incipient enamel carious lesions in primary or permanent