LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Big Data, Social Media, and Protest: Foundations for a Research Agenda

Following the Arab Spring, a debate broke out among both academics and pundits as to how important social media had been in bringing about what may have been the least anticipated political development of the 21st century. Critics of the importance of social media pointed in particular to two factors: (a) the proportion of social media messages that were transmitted in English; and (b) the proportion of Arab Spring related social media posts that originated from outside the Arab world. In our chapter, we will test whether two important subsequent unanticipated protests Turkey’s 2013 Gezi Park protests and Ukraine’s 2013-14 Euromaidan protest also are susceptible to such criticisms. To do so, we draw on millions of tweets from both protests including millions of geolocated tweets from Turkey to test hypotheses related to the use of Twitter by protest participants and, more generally, in-country supporters of protest movements, effectively refuting the idea that emerged after the Arab Spring that Twitter use during protests only reflects international attention to an event. ∗The authors are all members of the New York University Social Media and Political Participation (SMaPP) laboratory. The writing of this article was supported by the INSPIRE program of the National Science Foundation (Award # SES-1248077) and Dean Thomas Carew and the Research Investment Fund (RIF) of New York University. 1 Online Appendix Figure A1: Turkish Facebook Activity Over Time
Comparison of germinal center markers CD10, BCL6 and human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) in follicular lymphomas

BACKGROUND
Recently, human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein has been proposed as an adjunctive follicular marker to CD10 and BCL6.


METHODS
Our aim was to evaluate immunoreactivity for HGAL in 82 cases of follicular lymphomas (FLs)--67 nodal, 5 cutaneous and 10 transformed--which were all analysed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and PCR.


RESULTS
Immunostaining for HGAL was more frequently positive (97.6%) than that for BCL6 (92.7%) and CD10 (90.2%) in FLs; the cases negative for bcl6 and/or for CD10 were all positive for HGAL, whereas the two cases negative for HGAL were positive with BCL6; no difference in HGAL immunostaining was found among different malignant subtypes or grades.


CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, HGAL can be used in the immunostaining of FLs as the most sensitive germinal center (GC)-marker; when applied alone, it would half the immunostaining costs, reserving the use of the other two markers only to HGAL-negative cases.
Transcriptomic identification of candidate genes involved in sunflower responses to chilling and salt stresses based on cDNA microarray analysis

Considering that sunflower production is expanding to arid regions, tolerance to abiotic stresses as drought, low temperatures and salinity arises as one of the main constrains nowadays. Differential organ-specific sunflower ESTs (expressed sequence tags) were previously generated by a subtractive hybridization method that included a considerable number of putative abiotic stress associated sequences. The objective of this work is to analyze concerted gene expression profiles of organ-specific ESTs by fluorescence microarray assay, in response to high sodium chloride concentration and chilling treatments with the aim to identify and follow up candidate genes for early responses to abiotic stress in sunflower. Abiotic-related expressed genes were the target of this characterization through a gene expression analysis using an organ-specific cDNA fluorescence microarray approach in response to high salinity and low temperatures. The experiment included three independent replicates from leaf samples. We analyzed 317 unigenes previously isolated from differential organ-specific cDNA libraries from leaf, stem and flower at R1 and R4 developmental stage. A statistical analysis based on mean comparison by ANOVA and ordination by Principal Component Analysis allowed the detection of 80 candidate genes for either salinity and/or chilling stresses. Out of them, 50 genes were up or down regulated under both stresses, supporting common regulatory mechanisms and general responses to chilling and salinity. Interestingly 15 and 12 sequences were up regulated or down regulated specifically in one stress but not in the other, respectively. These genes are potentially involved in different regulatory mechanisms including transcription/translation/protein degradation/protein folding/ROS production or ROS-scavenging. Differential gene expression patterns were confirmed by qRT-PCR for 12.5% of the microarray candidate sequences. Eighty genes isolated from organ-specific cDNA libraries were identified as candidate genes for sunflower early response to low temperatures and salinity. Microarray profiling of chilling and NaCl-treated sunflower leaves revealed dynamic changes in transcript abundance, including transcription factors, defense/stress related proteins, and effectors of homeostasis, all of which highlight the complexity of both stress responses. This study not only allowed the identification of common transcriptional changes to both stress conditions but also lead to the detection of stress-specific genes not previously reported in sunflower. This is the first organ-specific cDNA fluorescence microarray study addressing a simultaneous evaluation of concerted transcriptional changes in response to chilling and salinity stress in cultivated sunflower.
The congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: imaging findings in a multicenter study. CBPS Study Group.

PURPOSE
To describe the neuroimaging findings and the clinical features in patients with the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Evaluation including history, general and neurologic examinations, electroencephalogram, chromosomal studies, and imaging data were reviewed in 31 patients. Pathologic material was available in two patients.


RESULTS
All patients had similar neurologic dysfunction, primarily pseudobulbar paresis. Dysarthria and severe restriction of tongue movements were present in all. Motor milestones were delayed in 75% of the patients and language milestones in all. Mild to moderate intellectual deficits were documented in 75% of patients (full-scale IQ = 70). Pyramidal signs were observed in 70%. Seizures were present in 87% and were intractable to medical therapy in half of this group. MR revealed bilateral perisylvian and perirolandic malformations with exposure of the insula. The malformations were symmetrical in 80% of cases. Pathologic correlation revealed four layered polymicrogyria in the affected areas.


CONCLUSIONS
The congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome is a homogeneous clinical-radiologic entity. The underlying abnormality is probably polymicrogyria.
Market impacts and the life cycle of investors orders

In this paper, we use a database of around 400,000 metaorders issued by investors and electronically traded on European markets in 2010 in order to study market impact at different scales. At the intraday scale we confirm a square root temporary impact in the daily participation, and we shed light on a duration factor in 1/T γ with γ ' 0.25. Including this factor in the fits reinforces the square root shape of impact. We observe a power-law for the transient impact with an exponent between 0.5 (for long metaorders) and 0.8 (for shorter ones). Moreover we show that the market does not anticipate the size of the meta-orders. The intraday decay seems to exhibit two regimes (though hard to identify precisely): a “slow” regime right after the execution of the meta-order followed by a faster one. At the daily time scale, we show price moves after a metaorder can be split between realizations of expected returns that have triggered the investing decision and an idiosynchratic impact that slowly decays to zero. Moreover we propose a class of toy models based on Hawkes processes (the Hawkes Impact Models, HIM) to illustrate our reasoning. We show how the Impulsive-HIM model, despite its simplicity, embeds appealing features like transience and decay of impact. The latter is parametrized by a parameter C having a macroscopic interpretation: the ratio of contrarian reaction (i.e. impact decay) and of the "herding" reaction (i.e. impact amplification).
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Adolescent School Girls in Kavar Urban Area, Southern Iran

BACKGROUND
Anemia is one of the most common public health problems especially in developing countries. We investigated the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia and related risk factors in adolescent school girls in Kavar urban area in southern Iran.


METHODS
A total of 363 adolescent school girls were evaluated by a cross sectional study. Socioeconomic, demographic and related risk factors were obtained by a questionnaire. Hematological parameters and serum iron indices were measured.


RESULTS
There were 21 cases of anemia (5.8%), 31 (8.5%) iron deficiency and 6 (1.7%) iron deficiency anemia.  Most of anemic girls (85.7%) had mild anemia.  MCV, TIBC, age, and BMI had statistically significant relationship with hemoglobin. Only parasites infestation in the last three months had a 6.83 times more risk of anemia than those without this history (95% CI, 1.66-28.11).


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in this study were substantially less than what reported in many other regions of Iran as well as other developing countries. It seems that related implemented strategies in the recent years have been successful. More especial attention to prevention of parasite infestation should be considered in this area.
Non-contact video-based pulse rate measurement on a mobile service robot

Non-contact image photoplethysmography has gained a lot of attention during the last 5 years. Starting with the work of Verkruysse et al. [1], various methods for estimation of the human pulse rate from video sequences of the face under ambient illumination have been presented. Applied on a mobile service robot aimed to motivate elderly users for physical exercises, the pulse rate can be a valuable information in order to adapt to the users conditions. For this paper, a typical processing pipeline was implemented on a mobile robot, and a detailed comparison of methods for face segmentation was conducted, which is the key factor for robust pulse rate extraction even, if the subject is moving. A benchmark data set is introduced focusing on the amount of motion of the head during the measurement.
ReliefF for estimation and discretization of attributes in classification, regression, and ILP probl

Instead of myopic impurity functions, we propose the use of Reli-efF for heuristic guidance of inductive learning algorithms. The basic algoritm RELIEF, developed by Kira and Rendell (Kira and Rendell, 1992a;b), is able to eeciently solve classiication problems involving highly dependent attributes, such as parity problems. However, it is sensitive to noise and is unable to deal with incomplete data, multi-class, and regression problems (continuous class). We have extended RELIEF in several directions. The extended algorithm ReliefF is able to deal with noisy and incomplete data, can be used for multiclass problems, and its regressional variant RReliefF can deal with regression problems. Another area of application is inductive logic programming (ILP) where, instead of myopic measures, ReliefF can be used to estimate the utility of literals during the theory construction.
Online banking: a field study of drivers, development challenges, and expectations

Online banking is the newest and least understood delivery channel for retail banking services. Yet, few, if any, studies were reported quantifying the issues relevant to this cutting-edge technology. This paper reports the results of a quantitative study of the perceptions of banks’ executive and IT managers and potential customers with regard to the drivers, development challenges, and expectations of online banking. The findings will be useful for both researchers and practitioners who seek to understand the issues relevant to online banking. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lesions of the medial pallium, but not of the lateral pallium, disrupt spaced-trial avoidance learning in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The effects of telencephalic lesions of the medial pallium (MP) and lateral pallium (LP) of goldfish on avoidance learning were studied in a two-way, shuttle response, spaced-trial avoidance conditioning situation. Animals received one trial per day, a training regime that permits the assessment of avoidance learning in the absence of stimulus carry-over effects from prior trials. Control and LP-lesioned goldfish exhibited significantly faster avoidance learning than MP-lesioned animals. These results suggest that the MP, but not the LP, is responsible for the widely described deficits in avoidance learning after lesions of the entire telencephalon. The proposal of a functional similarity between the fish MP and the mammalian amygdala, known to be involved in fear conditioning, suggests a conservative phylogenetic role of this area in avoidance learning.
Oil cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Seeds and pulp of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) were compared in terms of fatty acids, lipid classes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins and b-carotene. Total lipids (TL) in lyophilised seeds and pulp were 98.8 (dry weight) and 8.70 g/kg, respectively. High amounts of neutral lipids were found (87.0% of TL) in seed oil, while glycolipids and phospholipids occurred at high levels in pulp oil (52.9% of TL). In both oils, linoleic acid was the dominating fatty acid, followed by palmitic and oleic acids, respectively. Trienes, gand a-linolenic acids, were estimated in higher amounts in pulp oil, while a-linolenic acid was only detected at low levels in seed oil. Neutral lipids were characterised by higher unsaturation ratios, while saturates were higher levels in polar lipids. The sterol marker, b-sitosterol, accounted for 72% and 49% of the total sterol content in seed and pulp oils, respectively. Vitamin E level was higher in the pulp oil than in the seed oil, whereas g-tocopherol was the predominant component in seed oil and d-tocopherol was the main constituent in pulp oil. b-Carotene was also higher in pulp oil than in seed oil. Oils under investigation resembled each other in the level of vitamin K1 (0.05% of TL). Information provided by the present work is of importance for further chemical investigation of cactus pear oil and industrial utilisation of the fruit as a raw material of oils and functional foods. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of aging on lower urinary tract and pelvic floor function in nulliparous women.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of aging, independent of parity, on pelvic organ and urethral support, urethral function, and levator function in a sample of nulliparous women.


METHODS
A cohort of 82 nulliparous women, aged 21-70 years, were recruited from the community through advertisements. Subjects underwent pelvic examination using pelvic organ prolapse quantification, urethral angles by cotton-tipped swab, and multichannel urodynamics and uroflow. Vaginal closure force was quantified using an instrumented vaginal speculum. Subjects were grouped into five age categories and analyses performed using t tests, Fisher exact tests, Kruskal-Wallace, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Multiple linear regression modeling was performed to adjust for factors that might confound the results of our primary outcomes.


RESULTS
Increasing age was associated with decreasing maximal urethral closure pressure (r=-0.758, P<.001) with a 15-cm-H(2)O decrease in pressure per decade. Pelvic organ support as measured by pelvic organ prolapse quantification did not differ by age group. Levator function as measured by resting vaginal closure force and augmentation of vaginal closure force also did not change with increasing age.


CONCLUSION
In a sample of nulliparous women between 21 and 70 years of age maximal urethral closure pressure in the senescent urethra was 40% of that in the young urethra; increasing age did not affect clinical measures of pelvic organ support, urethral support, and levator function.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Omalizumab in the management of oral corticosteroid-dependent IGE-mediated asthma patients.

BACKGROUND
Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of omalizumab in asthma patients. Here we describe the drug's tolerance and oral corticosteroid sparing capacity in a long-term observational study.


METHODS
Thirty-two patients aged ≥18 years with obstructive airway disease and FEV(1) reversibility ≥12% and 200  mL, with an oral steroid requirement ≥7.5  mg per day of prednisolone during a period of ≥1 year, a positive prick test or in vitro reactivity (RAST) to at least one perennial aeroallergen and a baseline immunoglobulin E level ranking between 30-700  IU/mL were prospectively followed for 17.2  ±  8.5 months. Patients were visited once or twice a month, depending on their schedule for omalizumab administration.


INTERVENTION
blood analysis every six months; spirometry and nitric oxide measurement at every visit.


RESULTS
One patient who dropped out early was excluded. Follow-up period: the treatment benefited 83.9% (26/31) of the cohort; oral corticosteroids were reduced from 7.19 ± 11.1 to 3.29 ± 11.03  mg (p < 0.002) and withdrawn in 74.2% of patients. FEV(1) (percent predicted) was 64.4 ± 22.7 at the beginning and 62.9 ± 24.3 at the end. IgE at entry was 322.2 ± 334.2  IU/mL and increased 2.34-fold. Respiratory function and NO did not present statistically significant changes. We identified three groups of patients: the first (n = 17) receiving oral steroid at entry in whom the accumulated dose of oral steroids progressively decreased; another (n = 10) including patients who had quit oral steroids before starting omalizumab although they had not been instructed to do so and whose oral steroid dose at the end of follow-up was zero; and a third group (n = 4) that did not benefit from omalizumab treatment. The only relevant side effect was a flu-like syndrome which required discontinuation of treatment in one patient.


CONCLUSION
In our series, a substantial, safe decrease in oral corticosteroid requirements was observed due, at least to some extent, to omalizumab therapy. Oral corticosteroids were withdrawn in three-quarters of the patients. We were unable to identify a factor able to predict which patients would benefit most from omalizumab treatment.
Accelerated Q-learning approach for minutiae extraction in fingerprint image

Fingerprint recognition is a physiological biometric technique. It is most dependable as compare to other biometric technique. Fingerprint recognition involves preprocessing, minutiae extraction and post processing stages. In conventional approaches preprocessing stage include image processing steps to reduce noise. Image processing steps are extremely sensible against noise. A Q-learning approach used for minutiae extraction generates insensitiveness against noise but it also gives success for wrong ridge path which expend processing time. In this paper we have proposed accelerated Q-learning approach for minutiae extraction which calculate Q-value for both success and fail state. In proposed method we follows ridges if it gets fail state it leaves that ridge path otherwise it will continue to follow that ridge and calculate Q-value for success state. Proposed method reduces processing time and also improves efficiency against noise. Keywordfingerprint images, minutiae extraction, ridge endings, ridge bifurcation, fingerprints recognition.
Using mobile phones in English education in Japan

We present three studies in mobile learning. First, we polled 333 Japanese university students regarding their use of mobile devices. One hundred percent reported owning a mobile phone. Ninety-nine percent send e-mail on their mobile phones, exchanging some 200 e-mail messages each week. Sixty-six percent e-mail peers about classes; 44% e-mail for studying. In contrast, only 43% e-mail on PCs, exchanging an average of only two messages per week. Only 20% had used a personal digital assistant. Second, we e-mailed 100-word English vocabulary lessons at timed intervals to the mobile phones of 44 Japanese university students, hoping to promote regular study. Compared with students urged to regularly study identical materials on paper or Web, students receiving mobile e-mail learned more (Po0.05). Seventy-one percent of the subjects preferred receiving these lessons on mobile phones rather than PCs. Ninety-three percent felt this a valuable teaching method. Third, we created a Web site explaining English idioms. Student-produced animation shows each idiom’s literal meaning; a video shows the idiomatic meaning. Textual materials include an explanation, script, and quiz. Thirty-one Japanese college sophomores evaluated the site using video-capable mobile phones, finding few technical difficulties, and rating highly its educational effectiveness.
Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers

In Newtonian gravitational theory, a tidal Love number relates the mass multipole moment created by tidal forces on a spherical body to the applied tidal field. The Love number is dimensionless, and it encodes information about the body’s internal structure. We present a relativistic theory of Love numbers, which applies to compact bodies with strong internal gravities; the theory extends and completes a recent work by Flanagan and Hinderer, which revealed that the tidal Love number of a neutron star can be measured by Earth-based gravitational-wave detectors. We consider a spherical body deformed by an external tidal field, and provide precise and meaningful definitions for electric-type and magnetic-type Love numbers; and these are computed for polytropic equations of state. The theory applies to black holes as well, and we find that the relativistic Love numbers of a nonrotating black hole are all zero.
Relaxation of an induced defense after exclusion of herbivores: spines on Acacia drepanolobium

Descriptive and experimental evidence suggests that spine length is an inducible defense, with longer spines being produced by branches experiencing greater levels of herbivory. Here we present results from a replicated, controlled herbivore exclusion experiment in which cattle, wildlife (large mammalian herbivores), and megaherbivores (elephants and giraffes) were independently manipulated. Experimental wildlife barriers virtually eliminated herbivory on Acacia drepanolobium branches at all heights. Megaherbivore barriers reduced herbivory on branches more than 1.75 m from the ground by up to 80%, and reduced herbivory on lower branches by 40%. These patterns of herbivory were matched by patterns of relaxation of spine length that occurred in response to the treatments. After 22 months of herbivore exclusion, the lengths of newly produced spines were 19% shorter on branches protected from large mammal herbivory than on trees in control plots. On low branches, there was a steady increase in spine length from total exclusion plots (shortest spines) to plots with wildlife to plots with both megaherbivores and wildlife (longest spines). On higher branches, new spines were shorter in total exclusion plots and wildlife plots than in plots in which megaherbivores were allowed. This is the first replicated, controlled experimental demonstration that browsing by free-ranging herbivores is associated with greater spine lengths. Examination of trees incidentally protected from herbivory for several years suggests that reduction in spine length in the experimental plots will eventually exceed 70%. Initially slow relaxation of spine length may represent a cautious adaptive strategy in an environment where a given branch is likely to escape herbivory in a given growth season, even when herbivores are present.