LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Transparent Data Deduplication in the Cloud

Cloud storage providers such as Dropbox and Google drive heavily rely on data deduplication to save storage costs by only storing one copy of each uploaded file. Although recent studies report that whole file deduplication can achieve up to 50% storage reduction, users do not directly benefit from these savings-as there is no transparent relation between effective storage costs and the prices offered to the users. In this paper, we propose a novel storage solution, ClearBox, which allows a storage service provider to transparently attest to its customers the deduplication patterns of the (encrypted) data that it is storing. By doing so, ClearBox enables cloud users to verify the effective storage space that their data is occupying in the cloud, and consequently to check whether they qualify for benefits such as price reductions, etc. ClearBox is secure against malicious users and a rational storage provider, and ensures that files can only be accessed by their legitimate owners. We evaluate a prototype implementation of ClearBox using both Amazon S3 and Dropbox as back-end cloud storage. Our findings show that our solution works with the APIs provided by existing service providers without any modifications and achieves comparable performance to existing solutions.
Cost of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: evidence from the Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to describe and analyse hospital costs of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedure. STUDY SAMPLE AND METHODOLOGY: Between January and December 2007, 14 ECMO patients were consecutively included in the study. Costs at the patient level were registered prospectively, while overhead costs were registered retrospectively. Patient costs were obtained from patient records and time-motion studies and included personnel resources, diagnostic and laboratory tests, radiology and operating room procedures, medication and blood products. Overhead costs were allocated to clinical departments and further to the individual patients by predefined keys. To achieve estimates of total costs, patient-specific costs and patient-specified overhead costs were summarised.


RESULTS
The mean estimated cost for the ECMO procedure was 73,122 USD (SD 34,786) and median 62,545 USD (range: 34,121-154,817). The mean estimated total hospital costs, including pre- and post-ECMO procedures, was 213,246 USD (SD 12,265), median 191,436 USD (range: 59,871-405,497). On average, 82% of costs for the total hospital stay were related to personnel use, and blood products constituted 7%, lab and radiology 2.5%, disposable items 3% and medication 1.5%. The mean duration of an ECMO procedure was 9.5 days (range: 4-23 days) and the average total length of stay in hospital was 51.5 days (range: 6-123 days). The cost data were converted from Norwegian kroner (NOK) to US dollars (USD), with an exchange rate of 1 USD=5.5 NOK.


CONCLUSION
ECMO procedure is a resource-demanding procedure.
Incidence Patterns and Temporal Trends of Invasive Nonmelanotic Vulvar Tumors in Germany 1999-2011. A Population-Based Cancer Registry Analysis

OBJECTIVES
Time trends on the incidence and characteristics of invasive vulvar cancer in Germany have so far been studied in few local population- and hospital based tumor registries. We aimed to provide an overview on recent developments of vulvar cancer in Germany, using population-based cancer registry data.


METHODS
We analyzed the data on vulvar cancer of eight population-based German cancer registries for the period 1999-2011. ICD-10 codes and ICD-O-3 morphology codes were used to select site and histologic types. The annual percentage change was calculated on age-adjusted incidence rates with a joinpoint regression model.


RESULTS
A total of 12,711 registered cases of invasive carcinoma of the vulva were included in the analyses, hereof were 12,205 of squamous cell origin. Age-standardized incidence rates of vulvar cancer annually increased by 6.7% (95% confidence limits: 5.6-7.9) from 1.7 per 100,000 women in 1999 to 3.6 per 100,000 women in 2011. An increase was observed among women of all ages, and especially between 30 and 69 years of age.


CONCLUSION
The annual incidence of invasive carcinoma of the vulva nearly doubled in the past decade in Germany, considerably exceeding the rates observed in other Western European countries. A combination of changes in risk factors, and documentation practice might have contributed to the observed substantial increase in vulvar cancer incidence.
A Two Level Model for Context Sensitive Inference Rules

Automatic acquisition of inference rules for predicates has been commonly addressed by computing distributional similarity between vectors of argument words, operating at the word space level. A recent line of work, which addresses context sensitivity of rules, represented contexts in a latent topic space and computed similarity over topic vectors. We propose a novel two-level model, which computes similarities between word-level vectors that are biased by topic-level context representations. Evaluations on a naturallydistributed dataset show that our model significantly outperforms prior word-level and topic-level models. We also release a first context-sensitive inference rule set.
Treatment of paradoxical insomnia with atypical antipsychotic drugs. A comparison of olanzapine and risperidone.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical anti-psychotic drugs, olanzapine and risperidone, in the treatment of paradoxical insomnia.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study over a 2-year period (September 2008 to September 2010), 29 patients with paradoxical insomnia, diagnosed in Kermanshah, Iran by both psychiatric interview and actigraphy, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. For 8 weeks, the first group (n=14) was treated with 10 mg olanzapine daily, and the second group (n=15) was treated with 4 mg risperidone daily. All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) at baseline and at the end of the study.


RESULTS
As expected, a baseline actigraphy analysis showed that total sleep time was not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups (p<0.3). In both groups, sleep quality was improved (p<0.001) with treatment. When comparing the 2 treatments directions, a significant difference emerged (9.21+/-2.35, 6.07+/-4.46) among the 2 treatment groups based on data from the PSQI. Patients who were treated with olanzapine showed greater improvement than patients who were treated by risperidone (p<0.04).


CONCLUSION
Atypical anti-psychotic drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone may be beneficial options for treatment of paradoxical insomnia. Larger clinical trials with longer periods of follow-up are needed for further investigation.
Risk of Recurrent Pancreatitis and Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis After a First Episode of Acute Pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Patients with a first episode of acute pancreatitis can develop recurrent or chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, little is known about the incidence or risk factors for these events.


METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study of 669 patients with a first episode of acute pancreatitis admitted to 15 Dutch hospitals from December 2003 through March 2007. We collected information on disease course, outpatient visits, and hospital readmissions, as well as results from imaging, laboratory, and histology studies. Standardized follow-up questionnaires were sent to all available patients to collect information on hospitalizations and interventions for pancreatic disease, abdominal pain, steatorrhea, diabetes mellitus, medications, and alcohol and tobacco use. Patients were followed up for a median time period of 57 months. Primary end points were recurrent pancreatitis and CP. Risk factors were evaluated using regression analysis. The cumulative risk was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.


RESULTS
Recurrent pancreatitis developed in 117 patients (17%), and CP occurred in 51 patients (7.6%). Recurrent pancreatitis developed in 12% of patients with biliary disease, 24% of patients with alcoholic etiology, and 25% of patients with disease of idiopathic or other etiologies; CP occurred in 3%, 16%, and 10% of these patients, respectively. Etiology, smoking, and necrotizing pancreatitis were independent risk factors for recurrent pancreatitis and CP. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores at admission also were associated independently with recurrent pancreatitis. The cumulative risk for recurrent pancreatitis over 5 years was highest among smokers at 40% (compared with 13% for nonsmokers). For alcohol abusers and current smokers, the cumulative risks for CP were similar-approximately 18%. In contrast, the cumulative risk of CP increased to 30% in patients who smoked and abused alcohol.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to Dutch hospitals, a first episode of acute pancreatitis leads to recurrent pancreatitis in 17% of patients, and almost 8% of patients progress to CP within 5 years. Progression was associated independently with alcoholic etiology, smoking, and a history of pancreatic necrosis. Smoking is the predominant risk factor for recurrent disease, whereas the combination of alcohol abuse and smoking produces the highest cumulative risk for chronic pancreatitis.
HOW DO APOLIPOPROTEINS ApoB AND ApoA-I PERFORM IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES KOLIKO SU EFIKASNI APOLIPOPROTEINI ApoB I ApoA-I KOD PACIJENATA SA AKUTNIM KORONARNIM SINDROMIMA

Kratak sadr`aj: Akutni koronarni sindrom predstavlja vo de}i uzrok hospitalizacija i smrti. Rezultati skora{njih stu dija pokazuju da se u proceni koronarnog rizika bolje po ka zalo merenje apolipoproteina i apoB:apoA-I nego tradicio nal nih lipida. Uporedili smo koncentracije apolipoproteina i apoB:apoA-I sa tradicionalnim lipidskim merama i atero genim indeksima kod pacijenata sa dijagnozom akutnog koronarnog sindroma (ACS) u roku od 6 sati od nastanka bola u grudima. Prou~avanu grupu ~inilo je 227 pacijenata sa dijagnozom ACS (STEMI=60, NSTEMI=66 i nestabilna angina pektoris=105). Klini~ki zdravi dobrovoljci (n=85) slu`ili su kao kontrola. Izmereni su sr~ani TnI, lipidski profil, hsCRP, apolipoprotein A-I i apoB100 i izra~unati odnosi apoB:apoA-I, TC-HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C. Pacijenti su imali povi{en LDL-C (>3,0 mmol/L) i ne-HDL-C (>3,4 mmol/L). Trigliceridi su bili ispod cut-off vrednosti, ali pacijenti su ima li zna~ajno vi{e koncentracije TG i ni`i HDL-C u pore |e nju sa kontrolama (p<0,001). Koncentracija apo B i apoAI kod pacijenata ostala je u okviru prihva}enog opsega. Aterogeni indeksi TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C i apoB:apoA-I bili su zna~ajno vi{i kod pacijenata. Odnos apoB:apoA-I kod mu{karaca sa ACS ukazivao je na nizak rizik, dok je kod `ena odgovarao srednjem riziku. Odnosi apoB:apoA-I i LDL-C:HDL-C bili su dijagnosti~ki korisni za razlikovanje pacijenata od kontrola (AUC 0,71 i 0,79). ApoB:apoA-I i LDL-C:HDL-C bili su veoma dijagnosti~ki korisni za diskri minaciju izme|u pacijenata sa STEMI i kontrola (AUC 0,80 i 0,84). Nismo uspeli da poka`emo superiornost apoB-
Do Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Display an Inefficient Cognitive Processing Style?

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine neuropsychological processing in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The relationship of clinical and demographic variables to neuropsychological functioning within the AN group was also explored.


METHOD
The performance of 41 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of AN were compared to 43 healthy control (HC) participants on a number of neuropsychological measures.


RESULTS
There were no differences in IQ between AN and HC groups. However, children and adolescents with AN displayed significantly more perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and lower Style and Central Coherence scores on the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test relative to HCs.


CONCLUSION
Inefficient cognitive processing in the AN group was independent of clinical and demographic variables, suggesting it might represent an underlying trait for AN. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The effect of DASH diet on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background/Objectives:The current study was performed to investigate the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Subjects/Methods:This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 women diagnosed with GDM. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=26) or the DASH diet (n=26) for 4 weeks. The control diet was designed to contain 45–55% carbohydrates, 15–20% protein and 25–30% total fat. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and contained lower amounts of saturated fats, cholesterol and refined grains with a total of 2400 mg/day sodium. The numbers of women who commenced insulin therapy after dietary intervention, the mode of delivery and prevalence of polyhydramnios were assessed. The length, weight and head circumference of infants were measured during the first 24 h after birth.Results:Whereas 46.2% of women in the DASH diet needed to have a cesarean section, this percentage for the control group was 80.8% (P=0.01). The percentage of those who needed to commence insulin therapy after intervention was also significantly different between the two groups (23% for DASH vs 73% for control group, P<0.0001). Infants born to mothers on the DASH diet had significantly lower weight (3222.7 vs 3818.8 g, P<0.0001), head circumference (34.2 vs 35.1 cm, P=0.01) and ponderal index (2.50 vs 2.87 kg/m3, P<0.0001) compared with those born to mothers on the control diet.Conclusions:In conclusion, consumption of DASH diet for 4 weeks among pregnant women with GDM resulted in improved pregnancy outcomes.
RoadGraph - Graph based environmental modelling and function independent situation analysis for driver assistance systems

RoadGraph is a graph based environmental model for driver assistance systems. It integrates information from different sources like digital maps, onboard sensors and V2X communication into one single model about vehicle's environment. At the moment of information aggregation some function independent situation analysis is done. In this paper the concept of the RoadGraph is described in detail and first results are shown.
Risk factors for rectal cancer and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in a population in Northeast Thailand.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are known to be associated with predisposition for certain cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle factors, family history and genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR C677T and A1298C on rectal cancer risk and possible interactions with lifestyle factors in Northeast Thailand.


METHODS
A hospital-based case-control study was conducted during 2002-2006 with recruitment of 112 rectal cancer cases and 242 non-rectal cancer patient controls. Information was collected using a structured-questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for assay of MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. Associations between lifestyle factors, family history and genetic polymorphisms v.s. rectal cancer risk were assessed using logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
Subjects with frequent and occasional constipation had a higher risk (OR adj.=14.64; 95%CI=4.28-50.04 and OR adj.=2.15; 95%CI=1.14-4.06), along with those who reported ever having hemorrhoids (OR adj.=2.82; 95%CI=1.36-5.84) or a family history of cancer (OR adj.=1.90; 95%CI=1.06-3.39). Consumption of a high level of pork was also associated with risk (OR adj.=1.82; 95%CI=1.05-3.15). Interactions were not observed between MTHFR and other risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that the risk factors for rectal cancer in the Thai population are bowel habits, having had hemorrhoids, a family history of cancer and pork consumption.
Combining individual interviews and focus groups to enhance data richness.

AIM
This paper is a presentation of the critical reflection on the types of findings obtained from the combination of individual interviews and focus groups, and how such triangulation contributes to knowledge production and synthesis.


BACKGROUND
Increasingly, qualitative method triangulation is advocated as a strategy to achieve more comprehensive understandings of phenomena. Although ontological and epistemological issues pertaining to triangulation are a topic of debate, more practical discussions are needed on its potential contributions, such as enhanced data richness and depth of inquiry.


METHOD
Data gathered through individual interviews and focus groups from a study on patterns of cancer information-seeking behaviour are used to exemplify the added-value but also the challenges of relying on methods combination.


FINDINGS
The integration of focus group and individual interview data made three main contributions: a productive iterative process whereby an initial model of the phenomenon guided the exploration of individual accounts and successive individual data further enriched the conceptualisation of the phenomenon; identification of the individual and contextual circumstances surrounding the phenomenon, which added to the interpretation of the structure of the phenomenon; and convergence of the central characteristics of the phenomenon across focus groups and individual interviews, which enhanced trustworthiness of findings.


CONCLUSION
Although the use of triangulation is promising, more work is needed to identify the added-value or various outcomes pertaining to method combination and data integration.
Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies

agement have proliferated recently. Everyone seems to have a list, from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1998) to the Presidential Glass Ceiling Commission (1995), the women’s business advocacy group Catalyst (1998), and the Society for Human Resources Management (2004). These lists are Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies
Introduction to Software Product Lines

This tutorial introduces the essential activities and underlying practice areas of software product line development. It reviews the basic concepts of software product lines, discusses the costs and benefits of product line adoption, introduces the SEI's Framework for Software Product Line Practice, and describes approaches to applying the practices of the framework.
Gamification : Toward a Definition

This paper proposes a working definition of the term gamification as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts. This definition is related to similar concepts such as serious games, serious gaming, playful interaction, and game-based technologies. Origins Gamification as a term originated in the digital media industry. The first documented uses dates back to 2008, but gamification only entered widespread adoption in the second half of 2010, when several industry players and conferences popularized it. It is also—still—a heavily contested term; even its entry into Wikipedia has been contested. Within the video game and digital media industry, discontent with some interpretations have already led designers to coin different terms for their own practice (e.g., gameful design) to distance themselves from recent negative connotations [13]. Until now, there has been hardly any academic attempt at a definition of gamification. Current uses of the word seem to fluctuate between two major ideas. The first is the increasing societal adoption and institutionalization of video games and the influence games and game elements have in shaping our everyday life and interactions. Game designer Jesse Schell summarized this as the trend towards a Gamepocalypse, " when Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).
Enabling phenotypic big data with PheNorm

Objective
Electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotyping infers whether a patient has a disease based on the information in his or her EHR. A human-annotated training set with gold-standard disease status labels is usually required to build an algorithm for phenotyping based on a set of predictive features. The time intensiveness of annotation and feature curation severely limits the ability to achieve high-throughput phenotyping. While previous studies have successfully automated feature curation, annotation remains a major bottleneck. In this paper, we present PheNorm, a phenotyping algorithm that does not require expert-labeled samples for training.


Methods
The most predictive features, such as the number of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes or mentions of the target phenotype, are normalized to resemble a normal mixture distribution with high area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for prediction. The transformed features are then denoised and combined into a score for accurate disease classification.


Results
We validated the accuracy of PheNorm with 4 phenotypes: coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. The AUCs of the PheNorm score reached 0.90, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.94 for the 4 phenotypes, respectively, which were comparable to the accuracy of supervised algorithms trained with sample sizes of 100-300, with no statistically significant difference.


Conclusion
The accuracy of the PheNorm algorithms is on par with algorithms trained with annotated samples. PheNorm fully automates the generation of accurate phenotyping algorithms and demonstrates the capacity for EHR-driven annotations to scale to the next level - phenotypic big data.
Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among the Elderly: A Survey of Residential-Care Facilities in a Swedish Municipality

Injurious falls among the elderly are an increasing public-health problem in Sweden. One group particularly vulnerable to falls consists of elderly people living in residential-care facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which falls lead to injury within a defined population of elderly people in institutionalized care. All the elderly persons living in residential-care facilities in an urban Swedish municipality during the year 1997 (n = 469 institutional places). Falls and fall-related injuries were registered over a one-year period. Data were gathered by personnel at the time of the falls, using a form specifically designed for surveillance purposes. Of the 865 falls reported during the study period, 375 were among men, with an average age of 82 years, and 490 among women, with an average age of 85 years. Men were subject to falling to a greater extent than women. The most common location was the individual's own bedroom. Injuries were incurred in approximately one in four falls, and the head was the body part most frequently injured. Only 24 falls (2.8%) resulted in a fracture, of which 18 were hip fractures. Although elderly people living in residential-care facilities fall fairly often, serious injuries, in the form of fractures, are incurred to a relatively limited extent.