LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Low-latency Music Software Using Off-the-shelf Operating Systems

Abstract: Operating systems are often the limiting factor in creating low-latency interactive computer music systems. Real-time music applications require operating system support for memory management, process scheduling, media I/O, and general development, including debugging. We present performance measurements for some current operating systems, including NT4, Windows95, and Irix 6.4. While Irix was found to give rather good real-time performance, NT4 and Windows95 suffer from both process scheduling delays and high audio output latency. The addition of WDM Streaming to NT and Windows offers some promise of lower latency, but WDM Streaming may actually make performance worse by circumventing priority-based scheduling.
Glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and the incidence and consequences of acute kidney injury: a cohort study

BACKGROUND
Low values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) predispose to acute kidney injury, and proteinuria is a marker of kidney disease. We aimed to investigate how eGFR and proteinuria jointly modified the risks of acute kidney injury and subsequent adverse clinical outcomes.


METHODS
We did a cohort study of 920,985 adults residing in Alberta, Canada, between 2002 and 2007. Participants not needing chronic dialysis at baseline and with at least one outpatient measurement of both serum creatinine concentration and proteinuria (urine dipstick or albumin-creatinine ratio) were included. We assessed hospital admission with acute kidney injury with validated administrative codes; other outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite renal outcome of end-stage renal disease or doubling of serum creatinine concentration.


FINDINGS
During median follow-up of 35 months (range 0-59 months), 6520 (0·7%) participants were admitted with acute kidney injury. In those with eGFR 60 mL/min per 1·73 m(2) or greater, the adjusted risk of admission with this disorder was about 4 times higher in those with heavy proteinuria measured by dipstick (rate ratio 4·4 vs no proteinuria, 95% CI 3·7-5·2). The adjusted rates of admission with acute kidney injury and kidney injury needing dialysis remained high in participants with heavy dipstick proteinuria for all values of eGFR. The adjusted rates of death and the composite renal outcome were also high in participants admitted with acute kidney injury, although the rise associated with this injury was attenuated in those with low baseline eGFR and heavy proteinuria.


INTERPRETATION
These findings suggest that information on proteinuria and eGFR should be used together when identifying people at risk of acute kidney injury, and that an episode of acute kidney injury provides further long-term prognostic information in addition to eGFR and proteinuria.


FUNDING
The study was funded by an interdisciplinary team grant from Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of Persian versions of Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale and Impact of Event Scale.

BACKGROUND
Burn as a traumatic life incident manifests severe pain and psychological problems. Specific instruments are needed to evaluate burn patients' psychological issues related to the injury. The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian versions of Impact of Burn Specific Pain Anxiety scale (BSPAS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES).


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was utilized to select 55 Iranian hospitalized burn patients. Combined translation was utilized for translating scales. Alpha cronbach, item-total correlation, convergent and discriminative validity were evaluated.


RESULTS
The Cronbach's α for both BSPAS- and IES-Persian version was 0.96. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.90. Convergent construct validity was confirmed by indicating high correlation between the scales designed to measure the same concepts. The mean score of BSPAS- and IES-Persian version was lower for individuals with a lower TBSA burn percentage which assessed discriminative construct validity of scales.


CONCLUSIONS
BSPAS- and IES-Persian version showed high internal consistency and good validity for the assessment of burn psychological outcome in hospitalized burn patients. Future studies are needed to determine repeatability, factor structure, sensitivity and specificity of the scales.
A New Zealand pilot randomized controlled trial of a web-based interactive self-management programme (MSInvigor8) with and without email support for the treatment of multiple sclerosis fatigue.

OBJECTIVE
To pilot and compare the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy self-management programme with (MSInvigor8-Plus) and without (MSInvigor8-Only) the use of email support in reducing fatigue severity and impact (primary outcomes), and depressed and anxious mood (secondary outcomes).


DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial using an independent randomization system built into the website and intention-to-treat analysis.


SETTING
Participants were recruited through the local Multiple Sclerosis Society and hospital neurological services in New Zealand.


SUBJECTS
A total of 39 people (aged 31-63 years), experiencing multiple sclerosis fatigue, able to walk with and without walking aids, were randomized to MSInvigor8-Only (n = 20) or to MSInvigor8-Plus (n = 19).


INTERVENTIONS
MSInvigor8 is an eight-session programme based on cognitive behaviour therapy principles including psycho-education, self-monitoring, and changing unhelpful activity and thought patterns.


MAIN MEASURES
Outcome measures included fatigue severity (Chalder Fatigue Scale) and impact (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Assessments were performed at baseline and at 10 weeks.


RESULTS
The MSInvigor8-Plus condition resulted in significantly greater reductions in fatigue severity (F [1,36] = 9.09, p < 0.01) and impact (F [1,36] = 6.03, p < 0.02) compared with the MSInvigor8-Only condition. Large between-group effect sizes for fatigue severity (d = 0.99) and fatigue impact (d = 0.81) were obtained. No significant differences were found between the groups on changes in anxiety and depression.


CONCLUSIONS
MSInvigor8 delivered with email-based support is a potentially promising, acceptable, and cost-effective approach to treating fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis in New Zealand.
The Benefits of Virtual Reality in Education- A comparision Study

In education, new technologies are used to improve the process of learning. Mobile has been one these technologies offerings educators a way to communicate with the students by using suitable applications for learning. Virtual reality (VR) and its use in education has long been discussed, one of the main challenges is that VR was unaffordable for educational institutes. However VR has evolved since then, the technology is up to date, cheaper and more accessible than
Constructing a user similarity network to remove adverse influence of popular objects for personalized recommendation

Nowadays, personalized recommender systems have become more and more indispensable in a wide variety of commercial applications due to the vast amount of overloaded information accompanying the explosive growth of the internet. Based on the assumption that users sharing similar preferences in history would also have similar interests in the future, user-based collaborative filtering algorithms have demonstrated remarkable successes and become one of the most dominant branches in the study of personalized recommendation. However, the presence of popular objects that meet the general interest of a broad spectrum of audience may introduce weak relationships between users and adversely influence the correct ranking of candidate objects. Besides, recent studies have also shown that gains of the accuracy in a recommendation may be frequently accompanied by losses of the diversity, making the selection of a reasonable tradeoff between the accuracy and the diversity not obvious. With these understandings, we propose in this paper a network-based collaborative filtering approach to overcome the adverse influence of popular objects while achieving a reasonable balance between the accuracy and the diversity. Our method starts with the construction of a user similarity network from historical data by using a nearest neighbor approach. Based on this network, we calculate discriminant scores for candidate objects and further sort the objects in non-ascending order to obtain the final ranking list. We validate the proposed approach by performing large-scale random sub-sampling experiments on two widely used data sets (MovieLens and Netflix), and we evaluate our method using two accuracy criteria and two diversity measures. Results show that our approach significantly outperforms the ordinary user-based collaborative filtering method by not only enhancing the recommendation accuracy but also improving the recommendation diversity. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Beamforming: a versatile approach to spatial filtering

An overview of beamforming from a signal-processing perspective is provided, with an emphasis on recent research. Data-independent, statistically optimum, adaptive, and partially adaptive beamforming are discussed. Basic notation, terminology, and concepts are included. Several beamformer implementations are briefly described.<<ETX>>
Thermal Analysis of Grinding

Thermal damage is one of the main limitations of the grinding process, so it is important to understand the factors which affect grinding temperatures. This paper presents an overview of analytical methods to calculate grinding temperatures and their effect on thermal damage. The general analytical approach consists of modeling the grinding zone as a heat source which moves along the workpiece surface. A critical factor for calculating grinding temperatures is the energy partition, which is the fraction of the grinding energy transported as heat to the workpiece at the grinding zone. For shallow cut grinding with conventional abrasive wheels, the energy partition is typically 60%–85%. However for creep-feed grinding with slow workspeeds and large depths of cut, the energy partition is only about 5%. Such low energy partitions are attributed to cooling by the fluid at the grinding zone. Heat conduction to the grains can also reduce the energy partition especially with CBN abrasives which have high thermal conductivity. For High Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG) using CBN wheels with large depths of cut and fast workspeeds, preheated material ahead of the grinding zone is removed together with the chips, thereby lowering the temperature on the finished surface. Analytical models have been developed which take all of these effects into account. Much more research is needed to better understand and quantify how grinding temperatures affect the surface integrity of the finished workpiece.
Influence of age on the outcome of antitumour necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of age on the effectiveness and tolerance of antitumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
730 patients of the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) register were categorised into three groups according to their age at initiation of anti-TNFalpha therapy (<45, 45-65 and >65 years). Effectiveness of anti-TNFalpha therapy was primarily assessed by longitudinal analysis of the DAS28 during the first 12 months of treatment.


RESULTS
Improvement in disease activity and physical functioning was significantly less in elderly patients, correcting for relevant confounders. Elderly patients reached the EULAR categories of good responders and remission less often than younger patients. Drug survival, co-medication use and tolerance were comparable between the three age groups.


CONCLUSION
Anti-TNFalpha therapy significantly reduced disease activity in all age groups of patients; however, it appeared less effective in elderly compared with younger RA patients.
Effect of socioeconomic status on treatment and mortality after stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Socioeconomic status is associated with increased mortality from ischemic heart disease. We undertook a study to determine whether a similar association exists between socioeconomic status and stroke mortality.


METHODS
We linked hospital discharge abstracts and vital-status data for all patients with acute stroke admitted to hospitals in Ontario between April 1994 and March 1997. Socioeconomic status for each patient was inferred on the basis of median neighborhood income. We determined the risk of death at 30 days and 1 year; secondary analyses compared the use of medications, inpatient rehabilitation services, and carotid endarterectomy by socioeconomic status. We used multivariate analyses to adjust for age, sex, stroke type, comorbid conditions, and hospital and physician characteristics.


RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 38 945 patients. Each $10 000 increase in median neighborhood income was associated with a 9% reduction in the hazard of death at 30 days (adjusted hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96) and a 5% reduction in the hazard of death at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). Patients in the lowest income quintile were less likely than those in the highest to receive in-hospital physiotherapy (58% versus 61%, P<0.001), occupational therapy (36% versus 47%, P<0.001), and speech pathology (21% versus 28%, P<0.001). There were no differences in the use of medications or carotid endarterectomy based on socioeconomic status. Waiting times for carotid surgery, however, were significantly longer in the lowest income quintile than the highest (90 days versus 60 days, P=0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
Socioeconomic status affects mortality and access to some health services after stroke, even in a country with a universal health insurance program. Understanding and reducing these socioeconomic disparities should be a priority for future research.
[Development and Application of an Overcoming Compassion Fatigue Program for Emergency Nurses].

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop a program to help emergency nurses overcome compassion fatigue, and to analyze the effects of the program.


METHODS
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. There were 14 participants in the experimental group and 18 subjects in the control group. The program was comprised of five, weekly 80-minute sessions including understanding and assessment of compassion fatigue, enhancing positive affect, balancing work-life, planning self care, training in relaxation techniques and cognitive restructuring, and getting social support. Research variables were ego-resiliency, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue of the ProQOL 5, and salivary cortisol. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test.


RESULTS
The first hypothesis, "There will be a difference in scores for ego resiliency between the experimental group and the control group". was not supported. The second hypothesis, "There will be a difference in scores for compassion satisfaction between the experimental group and the control group" was supported (t=2.15, p=.046). The third hypothesis, "There will be a difference in scores for compassion fatigue between the experimental group and the control group" was not supported.


CONCLUSION
The first program for emergency nurses to overcome compassion fatigue in Korea was effective in increasing emergency nurses' compassion satisfaction and decreasing salivary cortisol level in the experimental group. Therefore, this program for overcoming compassion fatigue is useful to increase emergency nurses' compassion satisfaction. However replication studies of short-term intensive program reflecting emergency nurses' opinion are needed.
Subspace Clustering

Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in clustering high-dimensional data sets distributed around a collection of linear and affine subspaces. This article presented a review of such progress, which included a number of existing subspace clustering algorithms together with an experimental evaluation on the motion segmentation and face clustering problems in computer vision.
"Eigenlips" for robust speech recognition

In this study we improve the performance of a hybrid connectionist speech recognition system by incorporating visual information about the corresponding lip movements. Specifically, we investigate the benefits of adding visual features in the presence of additive noise and crosstalk (cocktail party effect). Our study extends our previous experiments [3] by using a new visual front end, and an alternative architecture for combining the visual and acoustic information. Furthermore, we have extended our recognizer to a multi-speaker, connected letters recognizer. Our results show a significant improvement for the combined architecture (acoustic and visual information) over just the acoustic system in the presence of additive noise and crosstalk.
Continuous - Time Active Filter Design Using Signal - Flow Graphs

This article deals with active frequency filter design using signalflow graphs. The procedure of multifunctional circuit design that can realize more types of frequency filters is shown. To design a new circuit the Mason – Coates graphs with undirected self-loops have been used. The voltage conveyors whose properties are dual to the properties of the well-known current conveyors have been used as the active element.
CRUSTAL COLLAPSE, MANTLE UPWELLING, AND CENOZOIC EXTENSION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA

Gravitational collapse has been suggested as the major cause of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera and many other orogenic belts. Although both crustal thickening and mantle upwelling may have contributed to the Cordilleran extension, previous models of gravitational collapse have focused on the former; the cause of mantle upwelling and its relationship to crustal collapse remain obscure. Here we attempt to address the question of whether gravitational collapse of an overthickened crust could induce major mantle upwelling and whole-lithosphere extension. Thermal-rheological calculations indicate that crustal collapse may decouple from the mantle lithosphere, because the extensional forces arising from an overthickened crust are limited to the crust, while the rheology of continental lithosphere is intrinsically stratified. Even when the mantle lithosphere is mechanically coupled to the crust, thermomechanical modeling indicates that strain is localized in the weak lower crust during crustal collapse, and no significant (<10 km) thinning of the mantle lithosphere may be induced at the absence of extensional forces from plate boundaries. Crustal collapse of the Sevier-Laramide orogen seems adequate to account for much of the mid-Tertiary extension in the Cordillera, including formation of many core complexes, but it is unlikely to have been the major cause of the more recent basin-and-range extension. We suggest that a strong pulse of mantle upwelling in the mid-Tertiary, as indicated by the "ignimbrite flare-up," may have triggered basin-and-range extension by weakening the lithosphere and providing excess gravitational potential energy. The cause of mantle upwelling remains uncertain, but the continued extension and volcanism since mid-Miocene in the northern Basin and Range province favor an active mantle upwelling with internal convective heating.
Covalent post-functionalization of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-90 membrane for enhanced hydrogen selectivity.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are being evaluated for several applications, such as gas adsorption, molecular separation, drug delivery, and catalysis owing to their welldefined, adjustable, and open pore framework structures. Apart from the use of MOFs as powders, supported MOF layers are of interest for various potential applications as separating membranes, sensors, and other functional layers. Among the reported MOFs, the subfamily of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), which are based on transition metals (Zn, Co) and imidazolate linkers, have emerged as candidates for the fabrication of molecular sieve membranes owing to their zeolite-like permanent porosity, uniform pore size, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability. Recently, a few ZIF membranes have shown promising molecular sieve performances that are better than the Knudsen mechanism.*** [16–21] However, there is still a long way ahead before robust synthetic strategies can be developed. Normally, the organic linkers of MOFs cannot form covalent bonds with surface OH groups of the supports, which causes problems in the heterogeneous nucleation of MOFs on support surface. Furthermore, similar to zeolite membranes, most of the MOF layers are polycrystalline with intercrystalline grain boundaries, which are detrimental to the membrane selectivity. Therefore, post-modification, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or covalent functionalization, is helpful to minimize the non-selective transport through the intercrystalline gaps. The post-synthetic modification of MOFs has turned out to be an effective and versatile strategy to improve and fine-tune their physical and chemical properties. Herein, we present the covalent post-functionalization of MOF molecular sieve membranes to increase the selectivity of a ZIF-90 membrane. Recently, we have prepared the molecular sieve ZIF-90 membranes by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as covalent linker between the ZIF-90 layer and the Al2O3 support by an imine condensation reaction. The ZIF-90 membrane is thermally and hydrothermally stable and shows molecular sieve performance, with a H2/CH4 selectivity of more than 15. On the other hand, the H2/CO2 selectivity was found to be only 7.2, as the pore size of ZIF-90 (0.35 nm) is larger than the kinetic diameter* of CO2 (0.33 nm). The separation of H2 and CO2 is important for example, for the hydrogen production by steam reforming of methane including the water gas-shift strategy. As reported by Yaghi and co-workers, the free aldehyde groups in the ZIF-90 framework allow the covalent functionalization with amine groups by an imine condensation reaction. Based on this reaction (Supporting Information, Figure S1), in the present work we report the covalent post-functionalization of a ZIF-90 membrane by ethanolamine to enhance its H2/CO2 selectivity (Figure 1). Two