LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function-part 2.

UNLABELLED
Part 1 of this two-part series (presented in the June issue of IJSPT) provided an introduction to functional movement screening, as well as the history, background, and a summary of the evidence regarding the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). Part 1 presented three of the seven fundamental movement patterns that comprise the FMS™, and the specific ordinal grading system from 0-3, used in the their scoring. Specifics for scoring each test are presented. Part 2 of this series provides a review of the concepts associated with the analysis of fundamental movement as a screening system for functional movement competency. In addition, the four remaining movements of the FMS™, which complement those described in Part 1, will be presented (to complete the total of seven fundamental movements): Shoulder Mobility, the Active Straight Leg Raise, the Trunk Stability Push-up, and Rotary Stability. The final four patterns are described in detail, and the specifics for scoring each test are presented, as well as the proposed clinical implications for receiving a grade less than a perfect "3". The intent of this two part series is to present the concepts associated with screening of fundamental movements, whether it is the FMS™ system or a different system devised by another clinician. Such a fundamental screen of the movement system should be incorporated into pre-participation screening and return to sport testing in order to determine whether an athlete has the essential movements needed to participate in sports activities at a level of minimum competency. Part 2 concludes with a discussion of the evidence related to functional movement screening, myths related to the FMS™, the future of functional movement screening, and the concept of movement as a system.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5.
Physical therapy management of congenital muscular torticollis: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline: from the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association.

BACKGROUND
Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is an idiopathic postural deformity evident shortly after birth, typically characterized by lateral flexion of the head to one side and cervical rotation to the opposite side due to unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. CMT may be accompanied by other neurological or musculoskeletal conditions.


KEY POINTS
Infants with CMT are frequently referred to physical therapists (PTs) to treat their asymmetries. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) provides guidance on which infants should be monitored, treated, and/or referred, and when and what PTs should treat. Based upon critical appraisal of literature and expert opinion, 16 action statements for screening, examination, intervention, and follow-up are linked with explicit levels of evidence. The CPG addresses referral, screening, examination and evaluation, prognosis, first-choice and supplemental interventions, consultation, discharge, follow-up, suggestions for implementation and compliance audits, flow sheets for referral paths and classification of CMT severity, and research recommendations.
An Effective Algorithm Based on Density Clustering Framework

Clustering analysis has the very broad applications on data analysis, such as data mining, machine learning, and information retrieval. In practice, most of clustering algorithms suffer from the effects of noises, different densities and shapes, cluster overlaps, etc. To solve the problems, in this paper, we propose a simple but effective density-based clustering framework (DCF) and implement a clustering algorithm based on DCF. In DCF, a raw data set is partitioned into core points and non-core points by a neighborhood density estimation model, and then the core points are clustered first, because they usually represent the center or dense region of the cluster structure. Finally, DCF classifies the non-core points into initial clusters in sequence. In experiments, we compare our algorithm with Dp and DBSCAN algorithms on synthetic and real-world data sets. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed clustering algorithm is comparable with DBSCAN and Dp algorithms.
Surgical abortion using manual vacuum aspiration under local anaesthesia: a pilot study of feasibility and women's acceptability.

OBJECTIVE
Studies from the USA have reported the efficacy and high acceptability of surgical abortion using manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) under local anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of surgical abortion using MVA under local anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy up to 63 days' gestation, within a UK National Health Service setting.


METHODS
Surgical abortion was carried out using MVA under local anaesthesia. Women's satisfaction with the procedure, and pain and anxiety levels, were assessed. The main outcome measures were: (1) feasibility assessed through successful completion of the procedure without the need for general anaesthetic or conversion to suction vacuum aspiration, (2) efficacy assessed through complete uterine evacuation without the need for further medical or surgical intervention and (3) women's acceptability of the procedure.


RESULTS
The mean (SD) gestation was 50 (9.4) days. A total of 55/56 (98%) women had a successful procedure and did not require any further surgical or medical treatment. Fifty-five (98%) women were satisfied with the procedure, 48 (86%) said they would recommend it to a friend and 45 (80%) said they would have the same method again in the future. Anxiety levels, as reflected by the visual analogue scales, showed a significant fall in anxiety scores following the procedure (p<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Surgical abortion using MVA under local anaesthesia is effective and acceptable to women. These findings now need to be assessed in the context of a randomised trial.
Clinical problem-solving. Beware of first impressions.

n engl j med 359;6 www.nejm.org august 7, 2008 628 From the Department of Medicine (O.O.F., E.S.A.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases (P.A.M.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Division of Infectious Diseases (D.R.K.) and the Division of General Medicine (S.S.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Ann Arbor, MI (S.S.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Antonarakis at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Department of Medicine, B-1 North, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, MD 21224, or at eantona1@ jhmi.edu.
A comparative study for content-based dynamic spam classification using four machine learning algorithms

The growth of email users has resulted in the dramatic increasing of the spam emails during the past few years. In this paper, four machine learning algorithms, which are Naı̈ve Bayesian (NB), neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM), are proposed for spam classification. An empirical evaluation for them on the benchmark spam filtering corpora is presented. The experiments are performed based on different training set size and extracted feature size. Experimental results show that NN classifier is unsuitable for using alone as a spam rejection tool. Generally, the performances of SVM and RVM classifiers are obviously superior to NB classifier. Compared with SVM, RVM is shown to provide the similar classification result with less relevance vectors and much faster testing time. Despite the slower learning procedure, RVM is more suitable than SVM for spam classification in terms of the applications that require low complexity. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Safety and efficacy of dual bronchodilation with QVA149 in COPD patients: the ENLIGHTEN study.

BACKGROUND
QVA149 is an inhaled, once-daily fixed-dose dual bronchodilator combination of the long-acting β2-agonist indacaterol and long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium (NVA237) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the safety and efficacy of QVA149 over 52 weeks.


METHODS
This 52-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study randomized (2:1) patients with moderate-to-severe COPD to once-daily QVA149 (110 μg indacaterol/50 μg glycopyrronium) or placebo delivered via the Breezhaler device. Primary endpoint was safety and tolerability for treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints included safety based on vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), laboratory evaluations, and pre-dose forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1).


RESULTS
Of 339 patients randomized, QVA149 [n = 226], placebo [n = 113]; 76.9% male, mean age: 62.6 years, post-bronchodilator FEV1: 57.4% predicted, 83.5% completed study. A smaller percentage of patients discontinued in the QVA149 group (14.2%) compared with placebo (21.2%). Overall incidence of AEs was similar in the QVA149 (57.8%) and placebo (56.6%) groups, with most AEs being mild to moderate in severity. The numerical differences in some AEs observed could be at least in part explained by differences in baseline patient characteristics. No clinically relevant differences were observed between treatment groups for vital signs or ECG parameters. The five deaths reported were unrelated to study medication (QVA149, n = 4 [1.8%]; placebo, n = 1 [0.9%]). QVA149 demonstrated rapid and clinically meaningful bronchodilation sustained over 52 weeks versus placebo.


CONCLUSION
QVA149 demonstrated a good safety and tolerability profile, providing rapid and sustained bronchodilation over 52 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01120717.
Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants

This paper presents a review of thermal energy storage system design methodologies and the factors to be considered at different hierarchical levels for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Thermal energy storage forms a key component of a power plant for improvement of its dispatchability. Though there have been many reviews of storage media, there are not many that focus on storage system design along with its integration into the power plant. This paper discusses the thermal energy storage system designs presented in the literature along with thermal and exergy efficiency analyses of various thermal energy storage systems integrated into the power plant. Economic aspects of these systems and the relevant publications in literature are also summarized in this effort. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Indications, management, and complications of temporary inferior vena cava filters

Purpose: We describe the results of a preliminary prospective study using different recently developed temporary and retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters. Methods: Fifty temporary IVC filters (Günther, Günther Tulip, Anthéor) were inserted in 47 patients when the required period of protection against pulmonary embolism (PE) was estimated to be less than 2 weeks. The indications were documented deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and temporary contraindications for anticoagulation, a high risk for PE, and PE despite DVT prophylaxis. Results: Filters were removed 1–12 days after placement and nine (18%) had captured thrombi. Complications were one PE during and after removal of a filter, two minor filter migrations, and one IVC thrombosis. Conclusion: Temporary filters are effective in trapping clots and protecting against PE, and the complication rate does not exceed that of permanent filters. They are an alternative when protection from PE is required temporarily, and should be considered in patients with a normal life expectancy.
Materiality and Organizing Social Interaction in a Technological World

social structures such as roles, statuses, hierarchies, power relations, communication networks, and other similar constructs. Kallinikos (2011) calls such abstract social structures “institutional forces.” He suggests that institutions are temporally bound and, consequently, should not be simply seen as a way for researchers to vacillate between micro and macro levels of analysis, but that they are useful for moving from static to dynamic patterns of analysis such that each layer of sociomaterial imbrication becomes more substantial in that it shapes action in a path-dependent manner because of its history of accumulation. Defining and Interrelating Terms Early on, I argued that the goal of this chapter was to stimulate debate and discussion about popular terminology used in contemporary explanations of technology and organizing. In this spirit, I have reviewed the historical foundations of the terms “materiality,” “sociomateriality,” and “socio-technical systems” and I havemade some first, undoubtedly contentious, steps to define how these terms relate to one another. In doing so, I have placed certain boundaries around these concepts for the sake of definitional clarity. Below, I summarize the preceding discussions into a rough and entirely tentative glossary of terms: Materiality: The arrangement of an artifact’s physical and/or digital materials into particular forms that endure across differences in place and time and are important to users. Sociomateriality: Enactment of a particular set of activities that meld materiality with institutions, norms, discourses, and all other phenomena we typically define as “social.” Sociomaterial Practice: The space in which multiple human (social) agencies andmaterial agencies are imbricated (also called a “technical subsystem”). Social Agency: Coordinated human intentionality formed in partial response to perceptions of a technology’s material agency. Material Agency: Ways in which a technology’s materiality acts. Material agency is activated as humans approach technology with particular intentions and decide which elements of its materiality to use at a given time. Socio-Technical System: Recognition of a recursive (not simultaneous) shaping of abstract social constructs and a technical infrastructure that includes technology’s materiality and people’s localized responses to it. OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – REVISES, 17/8/2012, SPisocial constructs and a technical infrastructure that includes technology’s materiality and people’s localized responses to it. OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – REVISES, 17/8/2012, SPi Materiality and Organizing
A trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with presumed sepsis and neutropenia.

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to investigate the safety of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for the treatment of very low birthweight infants (VLBW) with sepsis and relative neutropenia, specifically with regard to worsening of respiratory distress and thrombocytopenia and all cause mortality. Secondary objectives were to evaluate duration of ventilation, intensive care, and antibiotic use as markers of efficacy.


DESIGN
Neonates (< or = 28 days) in intensive care, with birth weights of 500-1500 g, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of < or = 5 x 10(9)/l, and clinical evidence of sepsis, were randomly assigned to receive either rhG-CSF (10 microg/kg/day) administered intravenously (n = 13), or placebo (n = 15) for a maximum of 14 days, in addition to standard treatment and antibiotics. All adverse events, oxygenation index, incidence of thrombocytopenia, all cause mortality, duration of ventilation, intensive care and antibiotic treatment, and ANC recovery were compared between the two groups.


RESULTS
Adverse events and oxygenation index were not increased by, and thrombocytopenia was not attributable to, treatment with rhG-CSF. At 6 and 12 months postmenstrual age, there were significantly fewer deaths in the group receiving rhG-CSF (1/13 v 7/15; p < or = 0.038). There was a non-significant trend towards a reduction in duration of ventilation, intensive care, and antibiotic use in the rhG-CSF group. There was a significantly more rapid increase in ANC in the rhG-CSF treated babies (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
In a small randomised placebo controlled trial in a highly selected group of neonates, adjuvant treatment with rhG-CSF increased ANC rapidly, and no treatment related adverse events were identified. Mortality at 6 and 12 months postmenstrual age was significantly lower in the treatment group. A large trial investigating efficacy in a similar group of neonates is warranted.
Rhinoplasty: the nasal bones - anatomy and analysis.

BACKGROUND
The analysis of nasal anatomy, and especially the nasal bones including the osseocartilaginous vault, is significant for functional and aesthetic reasons.


OBJECTIVES
The objective was to understand the anatomy of the nasal bones by establishing new descriptions, terms, and definitions because the existing parameters were insufficient. Adequate terminology was employed to harmonize the anthropometric and clinical measurements.


METHODS
A two-part harvest technique consisting of resecting the specimen and then creating a replica of the skull was performed on 44 cadavers to obtain specific measurements.


RESULTS
The nasal bones have an irregular, variable shape, and three distinct angles can be found along the dorsal profile line beginning with the nasion angle (NA), the dorsal profile angulation (DPA) and the kyphion angulation (KA). In 12% of cases, the caudal portion of the nasal bones was straight and without angulation resulting in a "V-shape" configuration. In 88% of cases, the caudal portion of the bone was angulated, which resulted in an "S-shape" nasal bone configuration. The intervening cephalic bone, nasion to sellion (N-S), represents the radix while the caudal bone, sellion to r (S-R), represents the bony dorsum.


CONCLUSIONS
By standardizing and measuring existing nasal landmarks and understanding the different anatomic configurations of the nasal bones, rhinoplasty surgeons can better plan their operations within the radix and bony and osseocartilaginous vaults.
Boosting bit rates and error detection for the classification of fast-paced motor commands based on single-trial EEG analysis

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) involve two coupled adapting systems-the human subject and the computer. In developing our BCI, our goal was to minimize the need for subject training and to impose the major learning load on the computer. To this end, we use behavioral paradigms that exploit single-trial EEG potentials preceding voluntary finger movements. Here, we report recent results on the basic physiology of such premovement event-related potentials (ERP). 1) We predict the laterality of imminent left- versus right-hand finger movements in a natural keyboard typing condition and demonstrate that a single-trial classification based on the lateralized Bereitschaftspotential (BP) achieves good accuracies even at a pace as fast as 2 taps/s. Results for four out of eight subjects reached a peak information transfer rate of more than 15 b/min; the four other subjects reached 6-10 b/min. 2) We detect cerebral error potentials from single false-response trials in a forced-choice task, reflecting the subject's recognition of an erroneous response. Based on a specifically tailored classification procedure that limits the rate of false positives at, e.g., 2%, the algorithm manages to detect 85% of error trials in seven out of eight subjects. Thus, concatenating a primary single-trial BP-paradigm involving finger classification feedback with such secondary error detection could serve as an efficient online confirmation/correction tool for improvement of bit rates in a future BCI setting. As the present variant of the Berlin BCI is designed to achieve fast classifications in normally behaving subjects, it opens a new perspective for assistance of action control in time-critical behavioral contexts; the potential transfer to paralyzed patients will require further study.
Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of Eagle's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
Eagle's syndrome (ES) or symptomatic elongated styloid process is an uncommon but important cause of chronic head and neck pain. This study reports our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a series of patients with ES.


STUDY DESIGN
Patient histories, radiographic tests, and operative reports of 3 patients over a 3-month period were prospectively collected.


SETTING
Tertiary referral otolaryngology service.


RESULTS
All patients had resolution of symptoms relating to their elongated styloid processes after surgical resection.


CONCLUSION
Although sometimes clouded by coexisting symptoms, ES can be easily diagnosed based on good history taking and physical examination. If diagnosed appropriately, surgical treatment can be administered promptly.


SIGNIFICANCE
Patients with ES commonly have a long history of chronic pain treated by multiple physicians. Appropriate diagnosis can lead to prompt treatment of this condition.


EBM RATING
C-4.
Effects of Kinesio taping for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of Kinesio taping for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.


DESIGN
Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.


SUBJECTS
Twenty-one stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain within 6 months of stroke onset in the rehabilitation ward of a medical university hospital in Taiwan.


METHODS
A 3-week intervention involving a conventional rehabilitation protocol and therapeutic Kinesio taping was conducted with an experimental group of 11 stroke patients. A control group of 10 stroke patients underwent an identical conventional rehabilitation programme and sham Kinesio taping on the hemiplegic shoulder. Numerical rating scale scores, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, ultrasound findings and pain-free passive range of motion of the affected shoulder, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare within-group continuous variables before and after the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyse the differences and changes in values between study and control groups.


RESULTS
There was no statistical difference in demographic variables between the 2 groups. Both groups showed improvement in passive range of motion of the shoulder, (mean numerical rating scale 2.36 (standard deviation (SD) 1.03)), and mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (16.64 (SD 2.62)) after the intervention (p < 0.001); however, no significant between-group differences were observed in the numerical rating scale score, pain-free passive ROM, and ultrasound findings for the shoulder after 3 weeks of treatment. Concerning the variables changes, the therapeutic Kinesio taping group showed more improvement in the numerical rating scale (p = 0.008), shoulder flexion (p = 0.008), external rotation (p = 0.006), internal rotation (p = 0.040), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (p < 0.001) than the sham Kinesio taping group.


CONCLUSION
Stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain can experience greater reductions in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, pain, and improvement in shoulder flexion, external, and internal rotation after 3 weeks of Kinesio taping intervention compared with sham Kinesio taping. Kinesio taping may be an alternative treatment option for stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.