LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Review article: the global emergence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent global pathogens and can lead to gastrointestinal disease including peptic ulcers, gastric marginal zone lymphoma and gastric carcinoma.


AIM
To review recent trends in H. pylori antibiotic resistance rates, and to discuss diagnostics and treatment paradigms.


METHODS
A PubMed literature search using the following keywords: Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, prevalence, susceptibility testing.


RESULTS
The prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is regionally variable and appears to be markedly increasing with time in many countries. Concordantly, the antimicrobial eradication rate of H. pylori has been declining globally. In particular, clarithromycin resistance has been rapidly increasing in many countries over the past decade, with rates as high as approximately 30% in Japan and Italy, 50% in China and 40% in Turkey; whereas resistance rates are much lower in Sweden and Taiwan, at approximately 15%; there are limited data in the USA. Other antibiotics show similar trends, although less pronounced.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the choice of empiric therapies should be predicated on accurate information regarding antibiotic resistance rates, there is a critical need for determination of current rates at a local scale, and perhaps in individual patients. Such information would not only guide selection of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy but also inform the development of better methods to identify H. pylori antibiotic resistance at diagnosis. Patient-specific tailoring of effective antibiotic treatment strategies may lead to reduced treatment failures and less antibiotic resistance.
A Multi-Domain Analysis of Explanation-Based Recommendation using User-Generated Reviews

Introduction There is an increasing need for AI systems to justify and explain their decisions to end-users, as institutions such as the EU roll out regulations that contain a right to explanation for its citizens. While such regulations will introduce significant challenges for an increasingly data-driven algorithmic world, they also motivate interesting questions and present new opportunities for AI research. In this paper, we consider the importance of explanations in recommender systems. Researchers have long understood the importance of explanations to justify these recommendations. Early work often focused on different styles of explanation interfaces – how explanations should be presented and how users perceive them (Herlocker, Konstan, and Riedl 2000) – intending to improving transparency, persuasiveness, and trust. Recently, (Musto et al. 2016) generated natural language explanations using information from the Linked Open Data, and (Chang, Harper, and Terveen 2016) employed a reviewbased approach to explain movie recommendations. We will argue in favour of deeper explanations, which more authentically convey the true reasons behind recommendations. More relevant here is research by (Muhammad et al. 2015; Muhammad, Lawlor, and Smyth 2016) which has argued for a more intimate connection between recommendation and explanation, by using explanations to rank recommendations. Specifically, we extend recent work in this area by comparing a number of different approaches to such explanation-based recommendation and evaluating their effectiveness and comparing their relative performance in three different recommendation domains. Our findings show explanation-based recommendation to be more effective than conventional content-based and collaborative filtering approaches, but the benefits observed depend on certain domain characteristics and review properties.
Research Guides. Environmental Science. Home.

This guide provides an overview of general Environmental Science resources available at UTSA.
Emotional support and survival after myocardial infarction. A prospective, population-based study of the elderly.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the survival of elderly patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction who have emotional support with that of patients who lack such support, while controlling for severity of disease, comorbidity, and functional status.


DESIGN
A prospective, community-based cohort study.


SETTING
Two hospitals in New Haven, Connecticut.


PATIENTS
Men (n = 100) and women (n = 94) 65 years of age or more hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction between 1982 and 1988.


MEASUREMENTS
Social support, age, gender, race, education, marital status, living arrangements, presence of depression, smoking history, weight, and physical function were assessed prospectively using questionnaires. The presence of congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock; the position of infarction; in-hospital complications; and history of myocardial infarction were assessed using medical records. Comorbidity was defined using an index based on the presence of eight conditions.


RESULTS
Of 194 patients, 76 (39%) died in the first 6 months after myocardial infarction. In multiple logistic regression analyses, lack of emotional support was significantly associated with 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.9) after controlling for severity of myocardial infarction, comorbidity, risk factors such as smoking and hypertension, and sociodemographic factors.


CONCLUSIONS
When emotional support was assessed before myocardial infarction, it was independently related to risk for death in the subsequent 6 months.
Prevalence of Lumber Spondylolithesis Among the Low Back Pain Patients Attending at CRP

iv CHAPTER-I: INTRODUCTION 1-7
Weakly supervised learning with convolutional neural networks for power line localization

Localization of power lines is important to monitor electricity infrastructures by using unmanned aerial vehicles. Although deep learning is a powerful method to solve computer vision problems, constructing pixel-level ground-truth data for object localization is an exhausting task. This paper proposes a weakly supervised learning algorithm for the localization of power lines by only using image-level class labels. The proposed algorithm classifies sub-regions by using a sliding window and convolutional neural network (CNN). A sub-region is filtered out if it is classified into an image without any power line. If a sub-region is classified into an image with a power line, then its feature maps of intermediate convolutional layers are combined to visualize the location of the power line. Experiments were conducted on actual aerial images to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians.

CONTEXT
Primary care physicians report high levels of distress, which is linked to burnout, attrition, and poorer quality of care. Programs to reduce burnout before it results in impairment are rare; data on these programs are scarce.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether an intensive educational program in mindfulness, communication, and self-awareness is associated with improvement in primary care physicians' well-being, psychological distress, burnout, and capacity for relating to patients.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Before-and-after study of 70 primary care physicians in Rochester, New York, in a continuing medical education (CME) course in 2007-2008. The course included mindfulness meditation, self-awareness exercises, narratives about meaningful clinical experiences, appreciative interviews, didactic material, and discussion. An 8-week intensive phase (2.5 h/wk, 7-hour retreat) was followed by a 10-month maintenance phase (2.5 h/mo).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mindfulness (2 subscales), burnout (3 subscales), empathy (3 subscales), psychosocial orientation, personality (5 factors), and mood (6 subscales) measured at baseline and at 2, 12, and 15 months.


RESULTS
Over the course of the program and follow-up, participants demonstrated improvements in mindfulness (raw score, 45.2 to 54.1; raw score change [Delta], 8.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.0 to 10.8); burnout (emotional exhaustion, 26.8 to 20.0; Delta = -6.8; 95% CI, -4.8 to -8.8; depersonalization, 8.4 to 5.9; Delta = -2.5; 95% CI, -1.4 to -3.6; and personal accomplishment, 40.2 to 42.6; Delta = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6); empathy (116.6 to 121.2; Delta = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2 to 7.0); physician belief scale (76.7 to 72.6; Delta = -4.1; 95% CI, -1.8 to -6.4); total mood disturbance (33.2 to 16.1; Delta = -17.1; 95% CI, -11 to -23.2), and personality (conscientiousness, 6.5 to 6.8; Delta = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 5 and emotional stability, 6.1 to 6.6; Delta = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.7). Improvements in mindfulness were correlated with improvements in total mood disturbance (r = -0.39, P < .001), perspective taking subscale of physician empathy (r = 0.31, P < .001), burnout (emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment subscales, r = -0.32 and 0.33, respectively; P < .001), and personality factors (conscientiousness and emotional stability, r = 0.29 and 0.25, respectively; P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Participation in a mindful communication program was associated with short-term and sustained improvements in well-being and attitudes associated with patient-centered care. Because before-and-after designs limit inferences about intervention effects, these findings warrant randomized trials involving a variety of practicing physicians.
Standardized neurologic evaluations of 128 patients with Wegener granulomatosis.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the frequency and type of neurologic involvement in a cohort of patients with generalized Wegener granulomatosis (WG).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In a prospective analysis the clinical, electrophysiologic, radiological, and serologic data of 128 patients have been studied over a median observation period of 19 months (range, 1-60 months).


RESULTS
Sixty-four patients (50%) revealed central or peripheral nervous system involvement. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) affected 56 patients, in 9 cases the central nervous system was involved, and in 6 cases the cranial nerves were involved. Thirty-one patients showed a distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, 25 a mononeuritis multiplex. Within the first 2 years of the disease course 47 of the 56 patients had developed their PN, sometimes as the initial symptom of WG. Patients with PN were significantly more often male (34 of 65 patients) than female (22 of 63 patients, P =.04), were significantly older at the onset of WG (median age, 53 vs 44 years; P =.001), had a significantly larger disease extent (P =.001), and had higher classic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titers (P =.002) than neurologically unaffected patients. Response to immunosuppression was moderate concerning peripheral nervous system manifestations.


CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral neuropathy is frequent in generalized WG, occurring early in the disease course. As PN can be the first and sole symptom of a beginning systemic vasculitis, it is important that in cases of PN of an unclear origin, interdisciplinary investigations are initiated to detect, treat, and closely follow-up a possible underlying WG, especially as these patients seem to have a more severe disease course.
Symptomatic simple renal cyst: comparison of continuous negative-pressure catheter drainage and single-session alcohol sclerotherapy.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether continuous percutaneous catheter drainage with negative pressure yields better results than single-session alcohol sclerotherapy in the management of symptomatic simple renal cysts.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Eighty-five patients with 92 simple renal cysts were randomly assigned to two groups in a prospective controlled trial. One group was treated with sonographically guided continuous catheter drainage with negative pressure and the other group with single-session alcohol sclerotherapy. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment outcome, and complications were analyzed.


RESULTS
The initial volume of the cysts did not differ significantly between the groups, but the final volume was significantly smaller in the continuous drainage group (p = 0.026). During the 24-month follow-up period, 37 (40%) of the cysts disappeared completely: 24 (52%) of the 46 cysts in the drainage group and 13 (28%) of the 46 cysts in the sclerotherapy group (p = 0.033). In the sclerotherapy group, the probability of disappearance of the cysts was highly dependent on cyst size, being less for giant cysts (p = 0.01). Cyst size was not a significant factor in probability of disappearance in the drainage group (p = 0.15). The probability of disappearance of giant cysts (volume > 500 mL) differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.009), but there was no difference in probability of disappearance of moderately large cysts (p = 0.16). Three of 14 patients with giant cysts in the drainage group and 10 of 13 such patients in the sclerotherapy group had recurrences that necessitated additional treatment (p = 0.007). They were successfully treated with continuous catheter drainage.


CONCLUSION
Continuous catheter drainage with negative pressure is more efficient than single-session alcohol sclerotherapy in the management of giant cysts. For moderately large cysts, the two methods have similar results.
Personal Learning Environments: Challenging the Dominant Design of Educational Systems

Current systems used in education follow a consistent design pattern, one that is not supportive of lifelong learning or personalization, is asymmetric in terms of user capability, and which is disconnected from the global ecology of Internet services. In this paper we propose an alternative design pattern for educational systems that emphasizes symmetric connections with a range of services both in formal and informal learning, work, and leisure, and identify strategies for implementation and experimentation. Personal Learning Environments: Challenging the dominant design of educational systems Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society — Vol. 3, n. 2, june 2007 (pp. 27-38 ) Je-LKS Methodologies and scenarios Scott Wilson, Prof. Oleg Liber, Mark Johnson, Phil Beauvoir, Paul Sharples & Colin Milligan University of Bolton, UK; Scott.Bradley.Wilson@gmail. com, o.liber@bolton.ac.uk, m.w.Johnson@bolton.ac.uk, p.beauvoir@bolton.ac.uk, p.sharples@bolton.ac.uk, colin. milligan@strath.ac.uk
Data for: pH-Dependent Adsorption of α-Amino Acids, Lysine, Glutamic Acid, Serine and Glycine, on TiO2 Nanoparticle Surfaces

Abstract TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in different applications, and potential exposure to these NPs raises concerns about their impact on human health. In contact with biological fluids, proteins adsorb onto NPs to create a protein corona. Protein adsorption is highly dependent on the affinity between exterior amino acid residues and the NP surface. Thus, studying amino acids adsorption onto NPs can provide insight into protein corona formation. Herein, the pH-dependent adsorption of α-amino acids onto TiO 2 NPs in buffered solutions is described. Methods include attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze molecular interactions and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to measure changes in size and zeta-potential upon adsorption. Depending on the predominant speciation and TiO 2 NP surface charge, adsorption involves a combination of carboxylate and amine group interactions. Gly and Lys reveal a similar trend of higher adsorption with increasing pH. In contrast, Glu adsorption decreases with increasing pH. Ser adsorption onto TiO 2 NPs surfaces is the highest around pH IEP . In our experimental conditions, multiple surface species coexist at different pH values. Protonated surface species are present for all amino acids at pH 2. At pH 9, Lys and Glu adsorbate spectra have new peaks at 1740 cm − 1 and 1744 cm − 1 , respectively. This is a possible result of surface-induced deprotonation of the amine group and proton transfer to the carboxylate Adsorption of lysine and glycine increases proportionally with changes in pH, whereas glutamic acid adsorption decreases with increasing pH. Serine shows the highest adsorption at its isoelectric point. These differences are attributed to the different speciation of the functional groups within the amino acids and the TiO 2 surface charge at each pH. Analyzing the pH-dependent adsorption of amino acids can provide a better understanding of biomolecule-surface interactions in in vivo and different biological milieu .
Effect of drip and surface irrigation on yield, water- use-efficiency and economics of capsicum (c apsicum annum l.) Grown under mulch and non mulch conditions in eastern coastal India

A field experiments was conducted on the loamy sand soil at Bhubaneswar in eastern coastal of India for two years (2007-08 and 2008-09) to evaluate the yield, water-useefficiency and economic feasibility of capsicum grown under drip and surface irrigation with non-mulch and black Linear Low Density Poly Ethylene (LLDPE) plastic mulch. Actual evapotranspiration for capsicum crop was estimated using modified pan evaporation method. The net irrigation volume (V) was determined after deducting the effective rainfall. Effect of three irrigation levels viz. VD, 0.8 VD and 0.6 VD (VD = full irrigation volume with drip) in conjunction with LLDPE mulch and no mulch were studied on biometric and yield response of capsicum crop. The results of surface irrigation were compared with drip irrigation system under no mulch and in conjunction with LLDPE mulch. The study indicated better plant growth, more number of fruits per plant and enhancement in the yield under drip irrigation system with LLDPE mulch. The highest yield (28.7 t/ha) was recorded under 100% net irrigation volume with drip irrigation (VD) and plastic mulching as compared to other treatments. This system increased the yield and net seasonal income by 57 % and 54 % respectively as compared to conventional surface irrigation without mulch with a benefit cost ratio of 2.01. The benefit cost ratio was found to be the highest (2.44) for the treatment VD without mulch. Drip irrigation system could increase the yield by 28 % over surface irrigation even in the absence of mulch. Similarly, LLDPE mulch alone could increase the yield by 13 % even in the absence of drip irrigation system.
ESD protection circuit schemes for DDR3 DQ drivers

The high-speed interface of DQ pins in DDR3 DRAM requires special ESD considerations. During ESD characterization testing, high voltages from the power rail could pass through the pre-driver PMOSFET to damage the pull-down NMOSFET gate oxide. Special circuit design of the pre-driver circuit is required to eliminate this ESD failure mechanism.
Food and Drug Administration 21 Cfr Part 310 Safety and Effectiveness of Health Care Antiseptics; Topical Antimicrobial Drug Products for Over-the-counter Human Use; Proposed Amendment of the Tentative Final Monograph; Reopening of Administrative Record

SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing this proposed rule to amend the 1994 tentative final monograph or proposed rule (the 1994 TFM) for over-the-counter (OTC) antiseptic drug products. In this proposed rule, we are proposing to establish conditions under which OTC antiseptic products intended for use by health care professionals in a hospital setting or other health care situations outside the hospital are generally recognized as safe and effective. In the 1994 TFM, certain antiseptic active ingredients were proposed as being generally recognized as safe for use in health care settings based on safety data evaluated by FDA as part of its ongoing review of OTC antiseptic drug products. However, in light of more recent scientific developments, we are now proposing that additional safety data are necessary to support the safety of antiseptic active ingredients for these uses. We also are proposing that all health care antiseptic active ingredients have in vitro data characterizing the ingredient's antimicrobial properties and in vivo clinical simulation studies showing that specified log reductions in the amount of certain bacteria are achieved using the ingredient. DATES: Submit electronic or written comments by October 28, 2015. See section VIII of this document for the proposed effective date of a final rule based on this proposed rule. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following methods: Electronic Submissions Submit electronic comments in the following way: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Pig Ear Skin ex Vivo as a Model for in Vivo Dermatopharmacokinetic Studies in Man

The objective was to investigate pig ear skin as a surrogate for human skin in the assessment of topical drug bioavailability by sequential tape-stripping of the stratum corneum (SC). The potential benefits of ex vivo investigations are manifold: ethical approval is not required, multiple replicate experiments are more easily performed, and toxic compounds can be evaluated. Ex vivo experiments on isolated pig ears were compared with in vivo studies in human volunteers. Four formulations, comprising the model drug, ibuprofen, in different propylene glycol (PG)-water mixtures (25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0), were compared. Derived dermatopharmacokinetic parameters characterizing the diffusion and partitioning of the drug in the SC ex vivo were consistent with those in vivo following a 30-minute application period. Further, the non-steady-state ex vivo results could be used to predict the in vivo concentration profile of the drug across the SC when a formulation was administered for 3 h (i.e., close to steady-state). Taken together, the results obtained suggest that pig ear skin ex vivo has promise as a tool for topical formulation evaluation and optimization.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupuncture points improves muscle function in subjects after acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation, when applied to acupuncture points in patients after acute stroke, decreases spasticity and/or increases muscle strength more effectively than placebo stimulation and standard rehabilitation.


DESIGN
Randomized control trial.


SUBJECTS
Sixty-two patients aged 70.0 (standard deviation 7.4) years and 9.2 (standard deviation 3.4) days post-stroke.


METHODS
The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups receiving transcutaneous electrical stimulation, placebo stimulation, or standard rehabilitation alone. Stimulation was applied to 4 acupuncture points in the affected lower leg for 60 min, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Plantarflexor spasticity, ankle muscle strength, and functional mobility were measured before treatment, weekly during treatment, and at follow-up at week 8 post-stroke.


RESULTS
No significant difference was found in the outcome measures among groups before treatment. When compared with standard rehabilitation or placebo stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation to acupuncture points significantly increased the percentage of patients with normal tone, increased ankle dorsiflexor strength, and decreased antagonist co-contraction ratio (p < 0.05). The patients in the transcutaneous electrical stimulation group also tended to walk 2-4 days earlier than the patients in the other 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Three weeks of transcutaneous electrical stimulation to lower leg acupuncture points, given 5 times a week within 10 days post-stroke, significantly decreased ankle plantarflexor spasticity, and increased dorsiflexor strength concomitant with a decrease in antagonist co-contraction.