LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Determining appropriate timing of adaptive radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma during intensity-modulated radiation therapy

BACKGROUND
To determine appropriate timing of an adaptive radiation therapy (ART) replan by evaluating anatomic and dosimetric changes of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).


METHODS
Nineteen NPC patients were recruited. Each patient had repeat computed tomography (CT) scans after each five fractions and at treatment completion. Automatic re-contouring the targets and OARs by using deformable registration algorithm was conducted through CT-CT fusion. Anatomic changes were assessed by comparing the initial CT and repeated CT. Hybrid plans with re-contouring were generated and the dose-volume histograms (DVH) of the hybrid plan and the original plan were compared.


RESULTS
Progressive volume reductions in gross target volume for primary disease (GTVnx), gross target volume for involved lymph nodes (GTVnd), and parotids were observed over time. Comparing with the original plan, each hybrid plan had no significant difference in homogeneity index (HI) for all the targets. Some parameters for planning target volumes for primary disease and high-risk clinical target volume (PTVnx and PTV1, respectively) improved significantly, notably starting from the 10th fraction. These parameters included mean dose (Dmean), dose to 95% of the volume (D95), percentage of the volume receiving 95% of the prescription dose (V95), and conformity index (CI) for PTVnx, and Dmean, D95, and CI for PTV1. The dosimetric parameters for PTVnd remained the same in general except for D95 and V95 which had significant improvement at specific time points; whereas for PTV2, similar trend of dosimetric changes was also observed. Dose to some OARs increased significantly at some time points.


CONCLUSIONS
There were significant anatomic and dosimetric changes in the targets and OARs. The target dose coverage in the hybrid plans did not get worse, but overdose occurred in some critical structures. Significant dosimetric changes should be considered as a trigger point at which ART replanning is indicated. D95/V95/CI for PTV2, Dmax for the brain stem, spinal cord, right eyeball and left lens, and Dmean/V30 for the parotids and glottis were taken into account for predicting the need for ART. Two replans at the 5th and 15th fractions were suggested.
Flexible Graphene-Based Wearable Gas and Chemical Sensors.

Wearable electronics is expected to be one of the most active research areas in the next decade; therefore, nanomaterials possessing high carrier mobility, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and flexibility, lightweight, and environmental stability will be in immense demand. Graphene is one of the nanomaterials that fulfill all these requirements, along with other inherently unique properties and convenience to fabricate into different morphological nanostructures, from atomically thin single layers to nanoribbons. Graphene-based materials have also been investigated in sensor technologies, from chemical sensing to detection of cancer biomarkers. The progress of graphene-based flexible gas and chemical sensors in terms of material preparation, sensor fabrication, and their performance are reviewed here. The article provides a brief introduction to graphene-based materials and their potential applications in flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices. The role of graphene in fabricating flexible gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and humidity in wearable technology, is discussed. In addition, applications of graphene-based materials are also summarized in detecting toxic heavy metal ions (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Ag), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including nitrobenzene, toluene, acetone, formaldehyde, amines, phenols, bisphenol A (BPA), explosives, chemical warfare agents, and environmental pollutants. The sensitivity, selectivity and strategies for excluding interferents are also discussed for graphene-based gas and chemical sensors. The challenges for developing future generation of flexible and stretchable sensors for wearable technology that would be usable for the Internet of Things (IoT) are also highlighted.
A Central Role of the BK Potassium Channel in Behavioral Responses to Ethanol in C. elegans

The activities of many neuronal proteins are modulated by ethanol, but the fundamental mechanisms underlying behavioral effects of ethanol remain unclear. To identify mechanisms responsible for intoxication, we screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with altered behavioral responses to ethanol. We found that slo-1 mutants, which were previously recognized as having slightly uncoordinated movement, are highly resistant to ethanol in two behavioral assays. Numerous loss-of-function slo-1 alleles emerged from our screens, indicating that slo-1 has a central role in ethanol responses. slo-1 encodes the BK potassium channel. Electrophysiological analysis shows that ethanol activates the channel in vivo, which would inhibit neuronal activity. Moreover, behaviors of slo-1 gain-of-function mutants resemble those of ethanol-intoxicated animals. These results demonstrate that selective activation of BK channels is responsible for acute intoxicating effects of ethanol in C. elegans. BK channel activation may explain a variety of behavioral responses to ethanol in invertebrate and vertebrate systems.
Detection of deadlock potentials in multithreaded programs

potentials in multithreaded programs R. Agarwal S. Bensalem E. Farchi K. Havelund Y. Nir-Buchbinder S. D. Stoller S. Ur L. Wang Concurrent programs are well known for containing errors that are difficult to detect, reproduce, and diagnose. Deadlock is a common concurrency error, which occurs when a set of threads are blocked, due to each attempting to acquire a lock held by another. This paper presents a collection of highly scalable static and dynamic techniques for exposing potential deadlocks. The basis is a known algorithm, which, when locks are acquired in a nested fashion, captures the nesting order in a lock graph. A cycle in the graph indicates a deadlock potential. We propose three extensions to this basic algorithm to eliminate, or label as low severity, false warnings of possible deadlocks ( false positives). These false positives may be due to cycles within one thread, cycles guarded by a gate lock (an enclosing lock that prevents deadlocks), and cycles involving several code fragments that cannot possibly execute in parallel. We also present a technique that combines information from multiple runs of the program into a single lock graph, to find deadlock potentials that would not be revealed by analyzing one run at a time. Finally, this paper describes the use of static analysis to automatically reduce the overhead of dynamic checking for deadlock potentials.
Gastroesophageal regurgitation during anesthesia and controlled ventilation with six airway devices.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
To investigate the frequency of gastroesophageal regurgitation and respiratory mechanics during positive pressure ventilation using 5 supraglottic devices or an endotracheal tube (ETT).


DESIGN
Prospective, randomized study.


SETTING
Operating rooms in a university-affiliated hospital.


PATIENTS
180 ASA physical status I and II patients, aged 18 to 65 years old, who underwent elective orthopedic, minor vascular, peripheral plastic, or urologic surgery during general anesthesia.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 6 airway device groups (n = 30 each): (1) Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway; (2) Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Classic; (3) LMA Fastrach; (4) LMA ProSeal; (5) laryngeal tube; and (6) ETT (SIMS Portex, Ltd, Hythe, Kent, UK). After insertion of the designated device, the lungs of each nonparalyzed patient were mechanically ventilated.


MEASUREMENTS
Hypopharyngeal pH, peak inspiratory pressures, sealing pressures, and lung compliance were measured. Hypopharyngeal pH lower than 4 was considered a regurgitation event.


MAIN RESULTS
Regurgitation (episodes of pH <4) occurred in between one and 5 patients of each study group, with no statistical difference. Sealing pressures were similar among all the airway device groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of gastroesophageal regurgitation in anesthetized, unparalyzed, mechanically ventilated patients was similar in patients whose lungs were ventilated with either the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway, LMA Classic, Fastrach, ProSeal, laryngeal tube, or ETT.
Willingness to Communicate in an L2 and Integrative Motivation among College Students in an Intensive English Language Program in China

Willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) has recently become an important concept across disciplines of second language acquisition (SLA) and communication. It has been proposed that pedagogic goals should be to increase learners’ L2 WTC so as to facilitate language learning. Incorporating the Canadian social psychological approach to L2 learning, extant research has suggested that integrative motivation is related to L2 WTC. This study examines the relationship between L2 WTC and integrative motivation among 174 college students attending an intensive English language program in China. This study is based on a hybrid framework of the WTC model and the socio-educational model. Correlational analysis and multiple regression are used to explore the predictive effect of integrative motivation on L2 WTC. It was Address for correspondence: Jian E Peng, TESOL Program, Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Email: jpen9319@edfac.usyd.edu.au. University of Sydney Papers in TESOL, 2, 33-59. ©2007 ISSN: 1834-3198 (Print) & 1834-4712 (Online)
ACCOUNTING CHOICE AND A THEORY OF CRISIS: THE CASES OF POST-PRIVATIZATION BRITISH TELECOM AND BRITISH GAS

Abstract In examining the accounting choices of two UK utilities, it is argued that positive accounting theory is devoid of explanatory power. In its place the paper proposes a neo-Marxist theory of crisis management, largely based on the work of Habermas. It analyses the financial statements of British Telecom and British Gas, and shows how their accounting choices may be more satisfactorily explained as responses to avoid crises that otherwise might be faced by these two entities in the general context of crisis tendencies in the UK socio-economic system. © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd Editorial Note . Since preparing this version of the paper, Tony Puxty has died. Prior to his death, the paper had been sent back for relatively minor revisions. Although these were not undertaken, the reviewers and myself think that the paper should be published. We do this hoping that it will serve to remind us of a serious and thoughtful scholar of accounting whose wisdom and contributions are very much missed.
Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment

The current study (N = 242) seeks to establish the relationship between traits known collectively as the Dark Triad – narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism – and mating standards and preferences. Using a budget-allocation task, we correlated scores on the Dark Triad traits with mate preferences for a longterm and short-term mate. Men scoring high on the Dark Triad may be more indiscriminate than most when selecting for short-term mates in order to widen their prospects. Furthermore, those high on the Dark Triad – psychopathy in particular – tend to select for mates based on self-interest, assortative mating, or a predilection for volatile environments. We assessed these correlations when controlling for the Big Five and the sex of the participant. We also tested for moderation by the sex of the participant and mating context. Ramifications and future directions are considered. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Incidence and predictors of 30-day readmission among patients hospitalized for advanced liver disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
The rate of readmission to the hospital 30 days after discharge (30-day readmission rate) is used as a quality measure for hospitalized patients, but it has not been studied adequately for patients with advanced liver disease. We investigated the incidence and factors that predict this rate and its relationship with mortality at 90 days.


METHODS
We analyzed data from patients with advanced liver disease who were hospitalized to an inpatient hepatology service at 2 large academic medical centers in 2008. Patients with elective admission and recipients of liver transplants were not included. During the study period, there were 447 patients and a total of 554 eligible admissions. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with 30-day readmission and to examine its relationship with mortality at 90 days.


RESULTS
The 30-day readmission rate was 20%. After adjusting for multiple covariates, readmission within 30 days was associated independently with model for end-stage liver disease scores at discharge (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.09; P = .002), the presence of diabetes (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.07-2.95; P = .027), and male sex (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03-2.89; P = .038). After adjusting for age, sex, and model for end-stage liver disease score at discharge, the 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher among patients who were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days than those who were not (26.8% vs 9.8%; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.36-5.02; P = .004).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with advanced liver disease frequently are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days after discharge; these patients have a higher 90-day mortality rate than those who are not readmitted in 30 days. These data might be used to develop strategies to reduce early readmission of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.
Cloning Credit Cards: A Combined Pre-play and Downgrade Attack on EMV Contactless

Recent roll-outs of contactless payment infrastructures – particularly in Austria and Germany – have raised concerns about the security of contactless payment cards and Near Field Communication (NFC). There are well-known attack scenarios like relay attacks and skimming of credit card numbers. However, banks and credit card schemes often mitigate these attacks. They explain that attacks are impractical (e.g. in a relay attack an attacker needs to have RF access to a victim’s card while performing a payment transaction) or even impossible (e.g. skimmed data does not contain the dynamic authorization codes that are normally required to perform a payment transaction). This paper introduces an attack scenario on EMV contactless payment cards that permits an attacker to create functional clones of a card that contain the necessary credit card data as well as pre-played authorization codes. The card clones can then be used to perform a limited number of EMV Mag-Stripe transactions at any EMV contactless payment terminal.
Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis

Preface Introduction 1. Structuralism and the Theory of the Subject 2. Agency, Structure 3. Institutions, Reproduction, Socialization 4. Contradiction, Power, Historical Materialism 5. Ideology and Consciousness 6. Time, Space, Social Change 7. The Prospects for Social Theory Today Notes and References Index
Relationship between total quality management ( TQM ) and continuous improvement of international project management ( CIIPM )

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the total quality management (TQM) practice and the continuous improvement of international project management (CIIPM) practice. Based on a literature review and qualitative interviews with TQM and project management experts, four hypotheses are posed on how TQM elements affect CIIPM. A cross-sectional survey collected from over 100 mid to senior level international managers is used to validate these hypotheses. The study suggests that the relationship between ‘soft’ TQM elements and CIIPM is more significant than the relationship between ‘hard’ TQM elements and CIIPM. q 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analysis of Respiratory Sounds: State of the Art

OBJECTIVE
This paper describes state of the art, scientific publications and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds.


METHODS AND MATERIAL
Review of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience.


RESULTS
The study includes a description of the various techniques that are being used to collect auscultation sounds, a physical description of known pathologic sounds for which automatic detection tools were developed. Modern tools are based on artificial intelligence and on technics such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms…


CONCLUSION
The next step will consist in finding new markers so as to increase the efficiency of decision aid algorithms and tools.
Spatialized Normal Cone Hierarchies

We develop a data structure, the spatialized normal cone hierarchy, and apply it to interactive solutions for model silhouette extraction, local minimum distance computations, and area light source shadow umbra and penumbra boundary determination. The latter applications extend the domain of surface normal encapsulation from problems described by a point and a model to problems involving two models.
A pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with compound odontoma: a case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND
Pigmented intraosseous odontogenic lesions are rare with only 47 reported cases in the English literature. Among them, pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, formerly known as calcifying odontogenic cyst, is the most common lesion with 20 reported cases.


METHODS
A case of pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with odontoma occurring at the mandibular canine-premolar region of a young Japanese boy is presented with radiographic, and histological findings. Special staining, electron microscopic study and immunohistochemical staining were also done to characterize the pigmentation.


RESULTS
The pigments in the lesion were confirmed to be melanin by Masson-Fontana staining and by transmission electron microscopy. The presence of dendritic melanocytes within the lesion was also demonstrated by S-100 immunostaining.


CONCLUSION
The present case report of pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with odontoma features a comprehensive study on melanin and melanocytes, including histochemical, immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopic findings.
Female genital appearance: "normality" unfolds.

OBJECTIVE
To describe variations in genital dimensions of normal women.


DESIGN
Observational cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.


POPULATION
Fifty premenopausal women having gynaecological procedures not involving the external genitalia under general anaesthetic.


METHODS
A cross sectional study using digital photography and measurements of the external genitalia.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Clitoral size, labial length and width, colour and rugosity, vaginal length, distance from clitoris to urethral orifice, distance from posterior fourchette to anterior anal margin.


RESULTS
A wide range of values were noted for each measurement. There was no statistically significant association with age, parity, ethnicity, hormonal use or history of sexual activity.


CONCLUSION
Women vary widely in genital dimensions. This information should be made available to women when considering surgical procedures on the genitals, decisions for which must be carefully considered between surgeon and woman.
A polysomnographic placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone relative to placebo and zolpidem in the treatment of primary insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the polysomnographic efficacy and the safety of a range of doses of eszopiclone relative to placebo in patients with primary insomnia. Zolpidem 10 mg was included as an active control.


METHODS
This multicenter, randomized, crossover study enrolled patients aged 21-64 years meeting the DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia (n = 65). Patients received 2 nights treatment each with placebo, eszopiclone 1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, or 3 mg, and zolpidem 10 mg after randomization to one of 6 treatment sequences. Visits were separated by a 3-7 day washout. Objective efficacy was assessed by polysomnography (PSG). The primary endpoint was latency to persistent sleep (LPS); key secondary endpoints were sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time after sleep onset (WASO); other endpoints included wake time during sleep (WTDS) and number of awakenings (NAW), as well as patient-reported variables.


RESULTS
LPS and SE were significantly different than placebo for all active treatments (p < 0.05 for all). Significant differences from placebo were noted in the 3 objective sleep maintenance measures (WASO, WTDS, and NAW) for eszopiclone 3 mg (p < 0.05), which was not the case for zolpidem 10 mg or the other eszopiclone doses. The incidence of central nervous system adverse events was 23.4% for zolpidem 10 mg, 6.2% to 12.5% for the eszopiclone doses, and 7.9% for placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Relative to placebo, all active treatments were effective in reducing LPS and increasing SE. Eszopiclone 3 mg was significantly different from placebo on the 3 PSG measures of sleep maintenance (WASO, WTDS, and NAW). Significant differences between zolpidem 10 mg and eszopiclone (2 mg or 3 mg) were not observed for PSG-measured outcomes, although the study was not powered to detect differences between the active drug conditions.
A Relational Framework for Information Extraction

Information Extraction commonly refers to the task of populating a relational schema, having predefined underlying semantics, from textual content. This task is pervasive in contemporary computational challenges associated with Big Data. In this article we provide an overview of our work on document spanners--a relational framework for Information Extraction that is inspired by rule-based systems such as IBM's SystemT.