LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Soy in hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: To study whether Abacor®, a product based on isolated soy protein with high and standardised levels of isoflavones and cotyledon soy fibres, was more effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol than placebo.Design: Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, single centre study.Setting: Primary care in Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland.Subjects: Subjects were screened from the patient database of the health centre; 30 were randomised to the Abacor® group and 30 subjects to placebo. Eight subjects were withdrawn, six from the active group, two from the placebo group.Intervention: The preparations were given as two daily liquid supplements in addition to the subjects' regular diets for 6 weeks.Results: Abacor® showed a statistically significant lipid-lowering effect as compared to placebo, although an unexpected reduction was seen in the placebo group. The estimated difference between active treatment and placebo was 0.25 mmol/l (95% CI 0.01, 0.50; P=0.049) for total cholesterol, corresponding to reductions of 8.3 and 5.1%, respectively. The difference in reduction of LDL-cholesterol was 0.27 mmol/l (95% CI 0.06, 0.49; P=0.014) and corresponded to a reduction of 13.2% in the active treatment group, and 8.0% in the placebo group. Abacor® showed a rapid onset of effect, as compared with placebo. During a wash-out period of 4 weeks after treatment, the subjects returned to pre-treatment cholesterol levels.Conclusion: Added to a regular diet, Abacor® significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. These beneficial effects occurred within 6 weeks of treatment.Sponsorship: Commercial organisation.
Development of a cutting tool condition monitoring system for high speed turning operation by vibration and strain analysis

Cutting tool wear is a critical phenomenon which influences the quality of the machined part. In this paper, an attempt has been made to create artificial flank wear using the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process to emulate the actual or real flank wear. The tests were conducted using coated carbide inserts, with and without wear on EN-8 steel, and the acquired data were used to develop artificial neural networks model. Empirical models have been developed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In order to analyze the response of the system, experiments were carried out for various cutting speeds, depths of cut and feed rates. To increase the confidence limit and reliability of the experimental data, full factorial experimental design (135 experiments) has been carried out. Vibration and strain data during the cutting process are recorded using two accelerometers and one strain gauge bridge. Power spectral analysis was carried out to test the level of significance through regression analysis. Experimental results were analyzed with respect to various depths of cut, feed rates and cutting speeds.
Hepatitis C infection among injecting drug users in general practice: a cluster randomised controlled trial of clinical guidelines' implementation.

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C is a common infection among injecting drug users and has important implications for general practice. Although several clinical guidelines concerning the infection have been published, their effectiveness has yet to be tested.


AIM
To assess the effectiveness of a general practice-based complex intervention to support the implementation of clinical guidelines for hepatitis C management among current or former drug users attending general practice.


DESIGN OF STUDY
Cluster randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
General practices in the Eastern Regional Health Authority area of Ireland.


METHOD
Twenty-six practices were randomly allocated within strata to receive the intervention under study or to provide care as usual for a period of 6 months. There was screening for patients attending general practice for methadone maintenance treatment for hepatitis C and referral of anti-HCV antibody positive patients to a specialist hepatology department for assessment.


RESULTS
At study completion, patients in the intervention group were significantly more likely to have been screened for hepatitis C than those in the control group, odds ratio adjusted for clustering 3.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 11.3) and this association remained significant after adjusting for other potentially confounding variables, using multiple logistic regression, with the odds ratio adjusted for clustering 4.53 (95% CI = 1.39 to 14.78). Although anti-HCV antibody positive patients in the intervention group were more likely to have been referred to a hepatology clinic, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.06).


CONCLUSION
General practice has an important role in the care of people at risk of hepatitis C and when appropriately supported can effectively implement current best practice.
Prediction of impending hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of ischemic brain tissue may occur in stroke patients either spontaneously or after thrombolysis. A method to assess the risk of HT in ischemic tissue after stroke would improve the safety of thrombolytic therapy. As a means of predicting HT, we investigated the role of contrast-enhanced MRI at acute time points in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model with reperfusion.


METHODS
Intraluminal suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was used to produce transient ischemia in male Wistar rats (n=11). Reperfusion was performed by withdrawal of the occluding filament after 2 (n=4), 3 (n=6), or 4 (n=1) hours. MRI studies were performed before and after reperfusion with the use of conventional T1-weighted imaging, with and without gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) contrast agent, and T2-weighted imaging. Follow-up MRI and histological studies were obtained at 24 hours.


RESULTS
Petechial hemorrhage occurred by 24 hours in 9 of 11 animals. All animals showed brain swelling and cellular death throughout the ischemic region at 24 hours. A hyperintense region in the preoptic area became visible after Gd-DTPA injection within minutes after reperfusion in animals with subsequent HT. All animals showing acute Gd-DTPA enhancement subsequently developed petechial hemorrhage (or died) by 24 hours. In these animals, statistically significant differences in signal intensity (P=.0005) between the ipsilateral enhancing region and a homologous contralateral region were detected on post-Gd-DTPA T1-weighted imaging. There was also a statistically significant correlation (P=.01) between the rate of Gd-DTPA uptake and the size of the enhancing area. Two animals did not enhance with Gd-DTPA and did not exhibit hemorrhage on histological examination or MRI at 24 hours. No abnormalities were seen on precontrast T1-weighted images before and shortly after reperfusion or postcontrast T1-weighted images before reperfusion.


CONCLUSIONS
The primary finding of this study was the detection of early Gd-DTPA parenchymal enhancement in 82% of the animals after reperfusion. Enhancement was seen before any detectable hemorrhage, suggesting that early endothelial ischemic damage occurs before gross brain infarction and hemorrhage. Thus, we suggest that acute Gd-DTPA enhancement may provide an early prediction of petechial hemorrhage.
The Potential use of a Viral Coat Protein Gene as a Transgene Screening Marker and Multiple Virus Resistance of Pepper Plants Coexpressing Coat Proteins of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Tomato Mosaic Virus

Transgenic pepper plants coexpressing coat proteins (CPs) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Kor) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. To facilitate selection for positive transformants in transgenic peppers carrying an L gene, we developed a simple and effective screening procedure using hypersensitive response upon ToMV challenge inoculation. In this procedure, positive transformants could be clearly differentiated from the nontransformed plants. Transgenic pepper plants expressing the CP genes of both viruses were tested for resistance against CMV-Kor and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV). In most transgenic plants, viral propagation was substantially retarded when compared to the nontransgenic plants. These experiments demonstrate that our transgenic pepper plants might be a useful marker system for the transgene screening and useful for classical breeding programs of developing virus resistant hot pepper plants.
Binge drinking among U.S. active-duty military personnel.

BACKGROUND
Binge drinking (drinking on a single occasion >or=5 drinks for men or >or=4 drinks for women) is a common risk behavior among U.S. adults that is associated with many adverse health and social consequences. However, little is known about binge drinking among active-duty military personnel (ADMP). The objectives of this study were to quantify episodes of binge drinking, to characterize ADMP who binge-drink, and to examine the relationship between binge drinking and related harms.


METHODS
The prevalence of binge drinking and related harms was assessed from responses to the 2005 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel (n=16,037), an anonymous, self-administered survey. The data were analyzed in 2007 after the release of the public-use data.


RESULTS
In 2005, a total of 43.2% of ADMP reported past-month binge drinking, resulting in 29.7 episodes per person per year. In all, 67.1% of binge episodes were reported by personnel aged 17-25 years (46.7% of ADMP), and 25.1% of these episodes were reported by underage youth (aged 17-20 years). Heavy drinkers (19.8% of ADMP) were responsible for 71.5% of the binge-drinking episodes and had the highest number of annual per-capita episodes of binge drinking (112.6 episodes). Compared to nonbinge drinkers, binge drinkers were more likely to report alcohol-related harms, including job performance problems (AOR=6.5; 95% CI=4.65, 9.15); alcohol-impaired driving (AOR=4.9; 95% CI=3.68, 6.49); and criminal justice problems (AOR=6.2; 95% CI=4.00, 9.72).


CONCLUSIONS
Binge drinking is common among ADMP and is strongly associated with adverse health and social consequences. Effective interventions (e.g., the enforcement and retainment of the minimum legal drinking age) to prevent binge drinking should be implemented across the military and in conjunction with military communities to discourage binge drinking.
A Leadership Identity Development Model : Applications from a Grounded Theory

This article describes a stage-based model of leadership identity development (LID) that resulted from a grounded theory study on developing a leadership identity (Komives, Owen, Longerbeam, Mainella, & Osteen, 2005). The LID model expands on the leadership identity stages, integrates the categories of the grounded theory into the LID model, and develops how the categories of the theory change across stages of the model. The model has implications for working with individuals as they develop their leadership identity and for facilitating groups as they develop empowering environments for shared leadership. Connections to related scholarship and stage-based implications for practice are explored.
Physical and Electrochemical Properties of PEDOT:PSS as a Tool for Controlling Cell Growth.

UNLABELLED
Conducting polymers are promising materials for tissue engineering applications, since they can both provide a biocompatible scaffold for physical support of living cells, and transmit electrical and mechanical stimuli thanks to their electrical conductivity and reversible doping. In this work, thin films of one of the most promising materials for bioelectronics applications, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (


PEDOT
PSS), are prepared using two different techniques, spin coating and electrochemical polymerization, and their oxidation state is subsequently changed electrochemically with the application of an external bias. The electrochemical properties of these different types of


PEDOT
PSS are studied through cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometry to assess the effectiveness of the oxidation process and its stability over time. Their surface physical properties and their dependence on the redox state of


PEDOT
PSS are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle goniometry and sheet resistance measurements. Finally, human glioblastoma multiforme cells (T98G) and primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) are cultured on


PEDOT
PSS films with different oxidation states, finding that the effect of the substrate on the cell growth rate is strongly cell-dependent: T98G growth is enhanced by the reduced samples, while hDF growth is more effective only on the oxidized substrates that show a strong chemical interaction with the cell culture medium.
Diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease of unclear etiology that is manifested in by a progressive and destructive polyarthritis in association with serological evidence of autoreactivity. Its diagnosis is based on the classification criteria that involve four parameters: joint involvement, serology (rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide--anti-CCP), levels of acute phase reactants and the duration of the symptoms Aletaha, et al. [1]. This classification simplifies the categorization of the patients with early RA; however, the diagnosis requires highly trained specialists who are able to differentiate early symptoms of RA from other pathologies.
Evolutionary relationships among aspergillus species producing economically important mycotoxins

János Varga1*, Krisztina Rigó1, Beáta Tóth2, József Téren3 and Zofia Kozakiewicz4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Cereal Research Non-profit Company, P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Animal Health and Food Control Station, P.O. Box 446, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary CABI Bioscience UK Centre, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
The concept of damage control: extending the paradigm in the prehospital setting.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to present the progressive extension of the concept of damage control resuscitation, focusing on the prehospital phase.


ARTICLE TYPE
Review of the literature in Medline database over the past 10 years.


DATA SOURCE
Medline database looking for articles published in English or in French between April 2002 and March 2013. Keywords used were: damage control resuscitation, trauma damage control, prehospital trauma, damage control surgery. Original articles were firstly selected. Editorials and reviews were secondly studied.


DATA SYNTHESIS
The importance of early management of life-threatening injuries and rapid transport to trauma centers has been widely promulgated. Technical progress appears for external methods of hemostasis, with the development of handy tourniquets and hemostatic dressings, making the crucial control of external bleeding more simple, rapid and effective. Hypothermia is independently associated with increased risk of mortality, and appeared accessible to improvement of prehospital care. The impact of excessive fluid resuscitation appears negative. The interest of hypertonic saline is denied. The place of vasopressor such as norepinephrine in the early resuscitation is still under debate. The early use of tranexamic acid is promoted. Specific transfusion strategies are developed in the prehospital setting.


CONCLUSION
It is critical that both civilian and military practitioners involved in trauma continue to share experiences and constructive feedback. And it is mandatory now to perform well-designed prospective clinical trials in order to advance the topic.
An Integrated Framework for IT Governance and the Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument

Our paper presents a new IT governance framework and introduces an assessment tool designed to measure its effectiveness. The framework builds on the integration between the structural and processes perspectives of IT governance, business-IT alignment, and senior executives’ needs. The framework is aimed to help board members, general managers, business line and IT executives to understand, measure, and manage IT governance in their respective organizations as a part of corporate governance. In the paper, special attention is paid to the conceptual validation of the framework and respective assessment instrument.
Enzyme therapy and immune response in relation to CRIM status: the Dutch experience in classic infantile Pompe disease

Enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) in Pompe disease—an inherited metabolic disorder caused by acid α-glucosidase deficiency and characterized in infants by generalized muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy—can be complicated by immune responses. Infants that do not produce any endogenous acid α-glucosidase, so-called CRIM-negative patients, reportedly develop a strong response. We report the clinical outcome of our Dutch infants in relation to their CRIM status and immune response. Eleven patients were genotyped and their CRIM status was determined. Antibody formation and clinical outcome were assessed for a minimum of 4 years. ERT was commenced between 0.1 and 8.3 months of age, and patients were treated from 0.3 to 13.7 years. All patients developed antibodies. Those with a high antibody titer (above 1:31,250) had a poor response. The antibody titers varied substantially between patients and did not strictly correlate with the patients’ CRIM status. Patients who started ERT beyond 2 months of age tended to develop higher titers than those who started earlier. All three CRIM-negative patients in our study succumbed by the age of 4 years seemingly unrelated to the height of their antibody titer. Antibody formation is a common response to ERT in classic infantile Pompe disease and counteracts the effect of treatment. The counteracting effect seems determined by the antibody:enzyme molecular stoichiometry. The immune response may be minimized by early start of ERT and by immune modulation, as proposed by colleagues. The CRIM-negative status itself seems associated with poor outcome.
Institutional report-Cardiac general A pilot randomized study of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor , Sivelestat , in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of treatment with Sivelestat in humans to attenuate postcardiopulmonary bypass lung injury. Twenty patients scheduled to undergo on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive either 0.3 mgykgyh intravenous Sivelestat sodium (Sivelestat group; ns10) or isotonic sodium chloride solution (placebo group, ns10), peri-operatively. Postoperative adverse events were recorded until hospital discharge. The alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO ), intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and dynamic lung compliance were determined four times peri-operatively as secondary exploratory 2 outcomes. All patients completed study protocol without discontinuation of intervention. The number of total adverse clinical outcomes, including atrial fibrillation and superficial wound infection, was nine in seven patients in the placebo group and four in four patients in the Sivelestat group (Ps0.37). The mean duration of the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the Sivelestat group (19.0"3.4 vs. 25.6"9.1, Ps0.04). The exploratory analysis of relative changes in lung functions showed trends toward attenuation of lung injury in the Sivelestat group in all three pulmonary parameters, though the inter-group difference could be due to chance (P)0.05). It is feasible to administer Sivelestat as a preventive measure against lung dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. 2009 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
Hepatic granulomas: a 10 year single centre experience.

BACKGROUND
Epithelioid granulomas have been reported in 2-15% of unselected liver biopsies, with numerous underlying aetiologies described. However, all UK series were reported before identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV).


AIM
To evaluate the current aetiologies of hepatic granulomas and to assess the prognosis for the "idiopathic" group, in which all investigations for a recognised cause were negative or normal.


METHODS
A retrospective review of patient case notes between 1991 and 2001; all patients who had a liver biopsy at Glasgow Royal Infirmary revealing epithelioid granulomas had their case notes and liver biopsies reviewed and a standard proforma completed.


RESULTS
Over the study period, 1662 liver biopsies were performed. Hepatic granulomas were found in 63. Of those identified, 47 were female, with a mean age of 42 years (range, 17-81). Underlying aetiologies were as follows: primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; 23.8%), sarcoidosis (11.1%), idiopathic (11.1%), drug induced (9.5%), HCV (9.5%), PBC/autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap (6.3%), Hodgkin lymphoma (6.3%), AIH (4.8%), tuberculosis (4.8%), resolving biliary obstruction (3.2%), and other single miscellaneous causes (9.5%). Of the seven patients with idiopathic hepatic granulomas, one was lost to follow up, one died of stroke, and the remaining five were well with no liver related morbidity at a mean follow up of 6.2 years.


CONCLUSIONS
The aetiology of hepatic granulomas is broad ranging, with HCV an important cause in this population. Despite extensive investigations, a 10-15% of patients still had "idiopathic" hepatic granulomas. However, the prognosis for this last group appears to be excellent.
Target-Dependent Sentiment Classification with Long Short Term Memory

Target-dependent sentiment classification remains a challenge: modeling the semantic relatedness of a target with its context words in a sentence. Different context words have different influences on determining the sentiment polarity of a sentence towards the target. Therefore, it is desirable to integrate the connections between target word and context words when building a learning system. In this paper, we develop two target dependent long short-term memory (LSTM) models, where target information is automatically taken into account. We evaluate our methods on a benchmark dataset from Twitter. Empirical results show that modeling sentence representation with standard LSTM does not perform well. Incorporating target information into LSTM can significantly boost the classification accuracy. The target-dependent LSTM models achieve state-of-the-art performances without using syntactic parser or external sentiment lexicons.1