LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ontario multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography study: field evaluation of diagnostic accuracy.

BACKGROUND
Computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) has gained clinical acceptance for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease. Although single-center studies have demonstrated excellent accuracy, multicenter studies have yielded variable results. The true diagnostic accuracy of CTCA in the "real world" remains uncertain. We conducted a field evaluation comparing multidetector CTCA with invasive CA (ICA) to understand CTCA's diagnostic accuracy in a real-world setting.


METHODS
A multicenter cohort study of patients awaiting ICA was conducted between September 2006 and June 2009. All patients had either a low or an intermediate pretest probability for coronary artery disease and underwent CTCA and ICA within 10 days. The results of CTCA and ICA were interpreted visually by local expert observers who were blinded to all clinical data and imaging results.


RESULTS
Using a patient-based analysis (diameter stenosis ≥50%) of 169 patients, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 81.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.0%-89.1%), 93.3% (95% CI, 85.9%-97.5%), 91.6% (95% CI, 82.5%-96.8%), and 84.7% (95% CI, 76.0%-91.2%), respectively; the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.873. The diagnostic accuracy varied across centers (P < .001), with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value ranging from 50.0% to 93.2%, 92.0% to 100%, 84.6% to 100%, and 42.9% to 94.7%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Compared with ICA, CTCA appears to have good accuracy; however, there was variability in diagnostic accuracy across centers. Factors affecting institutional variability need to be better understood before CTCA is universally adopted. Additional real-world evaluations are needed to fully understand the impact of CTCA on clinical care.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00371891.
Key frame extraction from consumer videos using sparse representation

Key frame extraction algorithms select a subset of the most informative frames from videos. Key frame extraction finds applications in several broad areas of video processing research such as video summarization, creating “chapter titles” in DVDs, video indexing, and prints from video. In this paper, a sparse representation based method to extract key frames from unstructured consumer videos is presented. In the proposed approach, video frames are projected to a low dimensional random feature space and theory from sparse signal representation is used to analyze the spatio-temporal information of the video data and generate key frames. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and does not require shot(s) detection, segmentation, or semantic understanding. A comparison of the results obtained by this method with the ground truth agreed by multiple judges and another approach based on camera operator's intent clearly indicates the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Approaches for Source Retrieval and Text Alignment of Plagiarism Detection Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013

In this paper, we describe our approach at the PAN@CLEF2013 plagiarism detection competition. In sub-task of Source Retrieval, a method combined TF-IDF, PatTree and Weighted TF-IDF to extract the keywords of suspicious documents as queries to retrieve the plagiarism source document is proposed. In sub-task of Text Alignment, a method based on sentence similarity is presented. Our text alignment algorism and similar sentences merging algorism, called Bilateral Alternating Merging Algorithm, are described in detail.
Serum procalcitonin and CRP levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study

BACKGROUND
Both C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are well known acute phase reactant proteins. CRP was reported to increase in metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. Similarly altered level of serum PCT was found in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis. The liver is considered the main source of CRP and a source of PCT, however, the serum PCT and CRP levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were not compared previously. Therefore we aimed to study the diagnostic and discriminative role of serum PCT and CRP in NAFLD.


METHODS
Fifty NAFLD cases and 50 healthy controls were included to the study. Liver function tests were measured, body mass index was calculated, and insulin resistance was determined by using a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Ultrasound evaluation was performed for each subject. Serum CRP was measured with nephalometric method. Serum PCT was measured with Kryptor based system.


RESULTS
Serum PCT levels were similar in steatohepatitis (n 20) and simple steatosis (n 27) patients, and were not different than the control group (0.06 +/- 0.01, 0.04 +/- 0.01 versus 0.06 +/- 0.01 ng/ml respectively). Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in simple steatosis, and steatohepatitis groups compared to healthy controls (7.5 +/- 1.6 and 5.2 +/- 2.5 versus 2.9 +/- 0.5 mg/dl respectively p < 0.01). CRP could not differentiate steatohepatitis from simple steatosis. Beside, three patients with focal fatty liver disease had normal serum CRP levels.


CONCLUSION
Serum PCT was within normal ranges in patients with simple steatosis or steatohepatitis and has no diagnostic value. Serum CRP level was increased in NAFLD compared to controls. CRP can be used as an additional marker for diagnosis of NAFLD but it has no value in discrimination of steatohepatitis from simple steatosis.
Quality of primary health care in Saudi Arabia: a comprehensive review.

OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the quality of primary care in Saudi Arabia, despite the central role of primary care centers in Saudi health strategy. This study presents an overview of quality of primary care in Saudi Arabia, and identifies factors impeding the achievement of quality, with the aim of determining how the quality of Saudi primary care could be improved.


METHOD
Using a systematic search strategy, data were extracted from the published literature on quality of care in Saudi primary care services, and on barriers to achieving high-quality care.


RESULTS
Of the 128 studies initially identified, 31 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Studies identified were diverse in methodology and focus. Components of quality were reviewed in terms of access and effectiveness of both clinical and interpersonal care. Good access and effective care were reported for certain services including: immunization, maternal health care, and control of epidemic diseases. Poor access and effectiveness were reported for chronic disease management programs, prescribing patterns, health education, referral patterns, and some aspects of interpersonal care including those caused by language barriers. Several factors were identified as determining whether high-quality care was delivered. These included management and organizational factors, implementation of evidence-based practice, professional development, use of referrals to secondary care, and organizational culture.


CONCLUSION
There is substantial variation in the quality of Saudi primary care services. In order to improve quality, there is a need to improve the management and organization of primary care services. Professional development strategies are also needed to improve the knowledge and skills of staff.
AutoZOOM: Autoencoder-based Zeroth Order Optimization Method for Attacking Black-box Neural Networks

Recent studies have shown that adversarial examples in stateof-the-art image classifiers trained by deep neural networks (DNN) can be easily generated when the target model is transparent to an attacker, known as the white-box setting. However, when attacking a deployed machine learning service, one can only acquire the input-output correspondences of the target model; this is the so-called black-box attack setting. The major drawback of existing black-box attacks is the need for excessive model queries, which may give a false sense of model robustness due to inefficient query designs. To bridge this gap, we propose a generic framework for query-efficient blackbox attacks. Our framework, AutoZOOM, which is short for Autoencoder-based Zeroth Order Optimization Method, has two novel building blocks towards efficient black-box attacks: (i) an adaptive random gradient estimation strategy to balance query counts and distortion, and (ii) an autoencoder that is either trained offline with unlabeled data or a bilinear resizing operation for attack acceleration. Experimental results suggest that, by applying AutoZOOM to a state-of-the-art black-box attack (ZOO), a significant reduction in model queries can be achieved without sacrificing the attack success rate and the visual quality of the resulting adversarial examples. In particular, when compared to the standard ZOO method, AutoZOOM can consistently reduce the mean query counts in finding successful adversarial examples (or reaching the same distortion level) by at least 93% on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, leading to novel insights on adversarial robustness.
G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphism and response to antihypertensive therapy.

BACKGROUND
G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphism influences blood pressure regulation via modulation of dopamine receptor D1 in renal proximal tubular cells. We investigated the role of G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphism in the response to hypertensive therapy in patients with essential hypertension.


METHODS
In a prospective study, we assessed the G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphisms R65L, A142V, and A486V in 100 hypertensive patients. We analyzed the association of the 3 gene variants on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive therapy with single-locus analysis, haplotype analysis, and regression analysis.


RESULTS
Hypertensive individuals with a homozygous double variant of 65 L and 142 V needed significantly more antihypertensive treatment (number of antihypertensives 2.59 vs 1.95, P = 0.043) and especially diuretic therapy (0.82 vs 0.49, P = 0.029) to reach the same mean arterial blood pressure than did homozygous carriers of only 1 variant or heterozygous/wild-type carriers of R65L, A142V, and A486V alleles.


CONCLUSIONS
G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphism is associated with antihypertensive treatment response in patients with essential hypertension. Determination of G-protein receptor kinase 4 polymorphism may improve individual antihypertensive blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension.
Associations between North Atlantic right whales and their prey, Calanus finmarchicus, over diel and tidal time scales

Temporal variability in the distribution and abundance of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their copepod prey, late-stage Calanus finmarchicus, was monitored at an oceanographic station in Grand Manan Basin of the lower Bay of Fundy for 29 h on 2 separate occasions. The vertical distribution of C. finmarchicus was measured at /2 h intervals with an optical plankton counter (OPC) and at 6 or 12 h intervals with a MOCNESS. Right whale abundance was estimated from periodic point scans. Late-stage C. finmarchicus exhibited diel vertical migration in the upper 100 m of the water column, but the bulk of the population remained at depths below 100 m throughout both the day and night and was likely in diapause. Diel vertical migration is unlikely to be influenced by right whales, but may instead be motivated by abundant, near-surface food resources and avoidance of visual predators. Right whale sighting rate was correlated with OPCdetected C. finmarchicus fifth copepodite (C5) abundance at mid-depths (90–140 m); variability in both right whale sighting rate and C. finmarchicus C5 abundance in this depth stratum appeared to have similar periodicity to that of the tide. Energetic considerations suggest that right whales continue to feed on deep, diapausing layers of C. finmarchicus during the night, but the occasional presence of exploitable near-surface concentrations of C. finmarchicus suggests that nighttime near-surface feeding might sometimes occur.
Continuing decrease in coronary heart disease mortality in Sweden

BACKGROUND
Deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) have been decreasing in most Western countries over the last few decades. In contrast, a flattening of the decrease in mortality has been recently reported among younger age groups in some countries. We aimed to determine whether the decrease in CHD mortality is flattening among Swedish young adults.


METHODS
We examined trends in CHD mortality in Sweden between 1987 and 2009 among persons aged 35 to 84 years using CHD mortality data from the Swedish National Register on Cause of Death. Annual percent changes in rates were examined using Joinpoint software.


RESULTS
Overall, CHD mortality rates decreased by 67.4% in men and 65.1% in women. Among men aged 35-54 years, there was a modest early attenuation from a marked initial decrease. In the oldest women aged 75-84 years, an attenuation in the mortality decrease was observed from 1989 to 1992, followed by a decrease, as in all other age groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In Sweden, coronary heart disease deaths are still falling. We were unable to confirm a flattening of the decline in young people. Death rates continue to decline in men and women across all age groups, albeit at a slower pace in younger men since 1991. Continued careful monitoring of CHD mortality trends in Sweden is required, particularly among young adults.
Impact of land consolidation on the visual characteristics (scenery) of a landscape Vplyv pozemkových úprav na vizuálnu charakteristiku (scenériu) krajiny

New spatial and functional rearrangement of the territory represented by the changed structure of the plots (change of the landscape structure) is one of the main and most visible results of a comprehensive landscape adaptation. Projects of comprehensive landscape adaptation are designed to accommodate for production and landscape value of the territory. Landscape structure belongs to the most important components of landscape character. The landscape structure was evaluated in three levels: historical structure (2 military mapping), present-day structure (results of mapping survey in the frame of a comprehensive landscape adaptation) and the new landscape structure (results of the proposed plan of the functional rearrangement of the territory) based on the cadastral territory of Veľké Vozokany in Nitra region (near Zlaté Moravce), South-Western Slovakia. The changes in the landscape are identified by the rearrangement of the arable land, forests, vineyards, gardens, fruit gardens/plantations, permanent grassland, water surfaces, and other areas. In this contribution, we made an attempt to describe the role of the comprehensive landscape adaptations in the process of designing landscape changes which do significantly contribute to modification of the landscape character.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview for manual therapists().

OBJECTIVE
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with difficult-to-treat infections and high levels of morbidity. Manual practitioners work in environments where MRSA is a common acquired infection. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical overview of MRSA as it applies to the manual therapy professions (eg, physical and occupational therapy, athletic training, chiropractic, osteopathy, massage, sports medicine) and to discuss how to identify and prevent MRSA infections in manual therapy work environments.


METHODS
PubMed and CINAHL were searched from the beginning of their respective indexing years through June 2011 using the search terms MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Texts and authoritative Web sites were also reviewed. Pertinent articles from the authors' libraries were included if they were not already identified in the literature search. Articles were included if they were applicable to ambulatory health care environments in which manual therapists work or if the content of the article related to the clinical management of MRSA.


RESULTS
Following information extraction, 95 citations were included in this review, to include 76 peer-reviewed journal articles, 16 government Web sites, and 3 textbooks. Information was organized into 10 clinically relevant categories for presentation. Information was organized into the following clinically relevant categories: microbiology, development of MRSA, risk factors for infection, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, screening tests, reporting, treatment, prevention for patients and athletes, and prevention for health care workers.


CONCLUSION
Methicillin-resistant S aureus is a health risk in the community and to patients and athletes treated by manual therapists. Manual practitioners can play an essential role in recognizing MRSA infections and helping to control its transmission in the health care environment and the community. Essential methods for protecting patients and health care workers include being aware of presenting signs, patient education, and using appropriate hand and clinic hygiene.
A perspective of HPCN requirements in the European Aerospace Industry

Abstract Product complexity is increasing rapidly to address the demanding requirements driven by customers, regulations and safety. More complex designs and an increasing number of design options must be evaluated whilst controlling the cost and length of the design cycle. The engineering requirements come from different disciplines, such as aerodynamics, structures and electromagnetics. The division of engineering into separate disciplines is not recognised by nature, with the result that addressing requirements within one discipline can compromise requirements in other disciplines. Product complexity is now such that requirements from multiple engineering disciplines need to be simultaneously addressed at an early stage of the design cycle to avoid costly re-design. These problems have placed strong demands on computational design, driving key trends in numerically intensive modelling, as well as the requirement for more computational resource. The requirement for more computational resource arises in many disciplines and is compounded by the need for multi-disciplinary design. This results from the increased product complexity which has to be matched by increasing the mathematical complexity of the model providing the underlying framework for the computational design tools. The availability of increased computational resource via parallel platforms at affordable prices enables these problems to be addressed facilitating • • computational analyses of more complex problems • • simultaneous computational analyses of multiple design and planning options • • multi-disciplinary analyses, i.e. simultaneously address requirements in different disciplines. The continual growth in computational design and computational resource provides the potential for the end-user engineer to carry out far more design more rapidly and accurately. However this potential can only be exploited if the end-user can efficiently define more complex problems, multiple problems, multiisciplinary problems and also analyse the large volume of results. Consequently considerable effort needs to be placed on the user environment, encompassing problem set-up and results analysis. This paper expands on these requirements within the aerospace and related sectors with examples of applications from specific disciplines. Some emphasis is attached to the growing supercomputer disciplines, computational electromagnetics in particular. Some key features of parallel processing are discussed including • • the high degree of parallelism required to get a modest percentage of peak performance • • exploitation of parallel platforms without Teraflop performance • • the potential benefits of hybrid or heterogeneous platforms compared to homogeneous platforms. These are key issues affecting the exploitation of parallel platforms and the success of parallel processing in simulation and design in general. The presentation includes examples on colour viewfoils that are not included in the paper.
A Novel Multi-Band Antenna for Mobile Phone with Metal Frame

A novel multi-band antenna of mobile phone with a metal frame has been proposed. The intrinsic slot between metal frame and the metal ground of the handset is taken as one part of the handset antenna, and the other part slot is etched at metal reinforcing plate, aiming to protect LCD (liquid crystal display) in actual mobile phone. Two slots are fed by a common microstrip line in series. The antenna occupies almost 600 mm2 with little clearance, however, good performances of the proposed antenna will be obtained by using of this simple structure. The measured results of the return loss, efficiency and radiation pattern are presented.
Supernumerary nostril with a contralateral naso-ocular cleft

 We present the rare case of a child with a supernumerary nostril and a contralateral naso-ocular cleft. The child also had a suggestion of a microform cleft lip. There are only six or seven cases of supernumerary nostrils reported in the literature. This case is also unique in that the additional nostril and the naso-ocular cleft were on opposite sides. We describe a simple method of dealing with the problem and review the existing literature on the topic.
Empirically Measuring the QoS Sensitivity of Interactive Online Game Players

It is widely assumed that highly interactive online games require a minimum quality of service (QoS) from the network, which suggests that offering premium IP service quality for game players may be a new source of revenue for Internet service providers (ISPs). In order to offer such services, ISPs must know the upper bounds of the performance metrics players are willing to tolerate. This paper reports on our attempts to experimentally establish performance bounds for different types of online games. First we placed a group of players in a controlled network environment, where artificial network delay and loss is introduced during their games. We logged objective measures (performance indicators from the game server) and used a questionnaire to establish a subjective measure of user perceived quality as a function of different network conditions. Our paper concludes with an analysis of our results and a comparison with previous work based on indirect measurements. Keywords—Network Games, User QoS Sensitivity