LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and effectiveness of a strategy for the communication of the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

PURPOSE
Communicating the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a challenging task. This study was carried out to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of a new communication procedure consisting of a patient information leaflet and a communication strategy for neurologists.


METHODS
In a multicenter prospective study, 50 patients newly diagnosed with PNES were informed about the diagnosis by 10 different neurologists using the communication procedure. Follow-up data were gathered by telephone interview and completion of a questionnaire about symptom attributions (psychological/physical) and illness cognitions (Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised, IPQ-R).


RESULTS
Ninety-four percent of patients found the leaflet easy to understand. Ninety-four percent stated their questions were answered by the doctor; 70% got what they wanted from the consultation; only 4% reported feeling angry during the consultation. Eighty-six percent of patients acknowledged that psychological factors were at least contributing to their seizures. On the IPQ-R, "emotional" causes for the seizures were endorsed more commonly than "nonemotional" causes (p < 0.001). After 3 months, 14% of patients were seizure-free and 63% reported a >50% reduction in seizure frequency.


DISCUSSION
We conclude that our procedure is acceptable and effectively communicates a psychological etiologic model for PNES.
Analysis of gene expression patterns in small amounts of human ventricular myocardium by a multiplex RNase protection assay

 End-stage human heart failure is associated with changes in expression of steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. These changes correspond to alterations in protein levels and myocardial function and may have clinical implications regarding etiology, clinical state, or prognosis. However, analysis of mRNA levels in endomyocardial biopsies can be accomplished only by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which is difficult to standardize. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the RNase protection assay is applicable to measure mRNAs of multiple genes simultaneously in small amounts of ventricular myocardium comparable to myocardial biopsies. Total RNA was prepared from left ventricular myocardium from terminally failing hearts with idiopathic (n=9) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=7) and from nonfailing control hearts (n=10). mRNA was measured by an optimized RNase protection assay for the β1-adrenoceptor, the stimulatory G protein α-subunit (Gsα), phospholamban, the calcium ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA), β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We extracted 10.7±2.1 μg total RNA from three myocardial biopsies taken in vitro. All of the six genes were measurable in duplicate in a total of 7 μg RNA. mRNAs of β1-adrenoceptor, phospholamban, and SERCA were lower in failing than in nonfailing myocardium by 50%, 33%, and 42% respectively, whereas β-MHC and Gsα mRNAs were unchanged. mRNA of ANP was expressed at high levels only in the failing myocardium, providing a highly specific and sensitive marker for discriminating nonfailing and failing hearts. A direct comparison with ANP and Gsα levels obtained by Northern blot analysis with 7.5 μg total RNA showed a good correlation between the two methods. The RNase protection assay is thus a suitable method for simultaneous measurements of multiple mRNA levels in human myocardial biopsies. Changes in mRNA levels closely reflected those identified by other methods using larger amounts of RNA. Increased myocardial ANP mRNA levels determined by the RNase protection assay may serve as a molecular marker of heart failure.
Semi-supervised Learning by Sparse Representation

In this paper, we present a novel semi-supervised learning framework based on `1 graph. The `1 graph is motivated by that each datum can be reconstructed by the sparse linear superposition of the training data. The sparse reconstruction coefficients, used to deduce the weights of the directed `1 graph, are derived by solving an `1 optimization problem on sparse representation. Different from conventional graph construction processes which are generally divided into two independent steps, i.e., adjacency searching and weight selection, the graph adjacency structure as well as the graph weights of the `1 graph is derived simultaneously and in a parameter-free manner. Illuminated by the validated discriminating power of sparse representation in [16], we propose a semi-supervised learning framework based on `1 graph to utilize both labeled and unlabeled data for inference on a graph. Extensive experiments on semi-supervised face recognition and image classification demonstrate the superiority of our proposed semi-supervised learning framework based on `1 graph over the counterparts based on traditional graphs.
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War

The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War introduces law students and undergraduates to the law of war in an age of terrorism. Which law of armed conflict (LOAC) or its civilian counterpart, international humanitarian law (IHL), applies to a particular armed conflict? Does that law apply to terrorists? Can terrorists be obliged by the international community to abide by that law? What is the status of the participants in an armed conflict? What constitutes a war crime? What (or who) is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are “rules of engagement” and who formulates them? Which weapons are unlawful and what renders them such? What is the status of land mines, cluster munitions, and white phosphorus in LOAC, in international law, and in American law? This book takes the student through these LOAC/IHL questions and more, employing real-world examples, moving from the basics to the finer points of battlefield law. The book is a United States–weighted text that incorporates lessons and legal opinions from jurisdictions worldwide. From Nuremberg to 9/11, from courts-martial to the U.S. Supreme Court, from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries, the law of war is explained, interpreted, and applied.
Pet therapy: an effective strategy to care for the elderly? An experimental study in a nursing home.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
There has recently been a growing interest towards patients' affective and emotional needs, especially in relational therapies, which are considered vital as to increase the understanding of those needs and patients' well-being. In particular, we paid attention to those patients who are forced to spend the last phase of their existence in residential facilities, namely elderly people in nursing homes, who often feel marginalized, useless, depressed, unstimulated or unable to communicate. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of pet therapy in improving well-being in the elderly living in a nursing home.


METHODS
This is a longitudinal study with before and after intervention variables measurement in two groups of patients of a nursing home for elderly people. One group followed an AAI intervention (experimental group) the other one did not (control group). As to perform an assessment of well-being we measured the following dimensions in patients: anxiety (HAM-A), depression (GDS), apathy (AES), loneliness (UCLA), and quality of life (QUALID). Both groups filled the questionnaires as to measure the target variables (time 0). Once finished the scheduled meetings (time 1), all the participants, including the control group, filled the same questionnaires.


RESULTS
In accordance with scientific evidence the results confirmed a significant reduction of the measured variables. Especially for the quality of life, which showed a greater reduction than the other.


CONCLUSIONS
The implementation and success of the Pet Therapy could have a great emotional and social impact, bringing relief to patients and their family members, but also to health professionals.
Clinical efficacy of controlled-release oxycodone 20 mg administered on a 12-h dosing schedule on the management of postoperative pain after breast surgery for cancer.

OBJECTIVE
To assess clinical efficacy of controlled-release oxycodone (CRO) 20 mg on a 12-h dosing schedule in this prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of 40 ASA physical status I-III women undergoing breast surgery for cancer.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
General anaesthesia using remifentanil and propofol was performed for surgery. Both groups received premedication with oral midazolam 7.5 mg 1 h before surgery. In the controlled-release oxycodone group, one tablet of 20 mg CRO was administered with the premedication, and 12 h after the premedication another 20 mg CRO. In the placebo (PL) group, a placebo tablet was administered with the premedication, and 12 h later another placebo tablet. All patients had access to opioid rescue medication via an IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Area under the curve (AUC), based on IV opioid rescue consumption over 24 h postoperatively.


RESULTS
The AUC for IV PCA opioid consumption was significantly lower in the CRO group than in the PL group (p = 0.01). The CRO group required less IV opioid loading dose (p < 0.001), and consumed less opioid rescue medication 4 h (p = 0.036), 16 h (p = 0.01), and 24 h (p = 0.005) postoperatively. AUC for VAS scores at rest was significantly lower in the CRO group than in the PL group (p = 0.05). VAS scores at rest were lower in the CRO group 16 h (p = 0.04) and 24 h (p = 0.03) postoperatively. There was no difference in AUC for pain scores on movement (p = 0.103) and for quality of analgesia (p = 0.139). There was no difference in nausea between groups (p = 0.34). Pruritus, arterial hypotension or hypertension, bradycardia, and tachycardia were not observed in either treatment group. None of the patients showed signs of confusion, agitation, or respiratory depression.


CONCLUSIONS
The administration of CRO 20 mg on a 12-h dosing schedule halves postoperative IV PCA opioid consumption. CRO 20mg is effective in preventing pain after breast surgery for cancer with only mild side-effects.
A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Internet, video games, and cell phone addiction.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to locate the scientific literature dealing with addiction to the Internet, video games, and cell phones and to characterize the pattern of publications in these areas.


METHODS
One hundred seventy-nine valid articles were retrieved from PubMed and PsycINFO between 1996 and 2005 related to pathological Internet, cell phone, or video game use.


RESULTS
The years with the highest numbers of articles published were 2004 (n = 42) and 2005 (n = 40). The most productive countries, in terms of number of articles published, were the United States (n = 52), China (n = 23), the United Kingdom (n = 17), Taiwan (n = 13), and South Korea (n = 9). The most commonly used language was English (65.4%), followed by Chinese (12.8%) and Spanish (4.5%). Articles were published in 96 different journals, of which 22 published 2 or more articles. The journal that published the most articles was Cyberpsychology & Behavior (n = 41). Addiction to the Internet was the most intensely studied (85.3%), followed by addiction to video games (13.6%) and cell phones (2.1%).


CONCLUSIONS
The number of publications in this area is growing, but it is difficult to conduct precise searches due to a lack of clear terminology. To facilitate retrieval, bibliographic databases should include descriptor terms referring specifically to Internet, video games, and cell phone addiction as well as to more general addictions involving communications and information technologies and other behavioral addictions.
Genetic and environmental influences on children ’ s food neophobia 1 – 3

Background: Food neophobia in children has been associated with a low intake of fruit, vegetables, and protein foods. The design of effective interventions to improve children’s diets would be facilitated by a better understanding of the determinants of neophobia. Objective: Our objective was to quantify the contribution of genetic and environmental differences to variation in child food neophobia. Design: Parents of twins aged 8–11 y (n 5390 pairs) completed questionnaires about their children’s eating habits, including a measure of food neophobia. Results: The results showed that neophobia is highly heritable. The heritability estimate from model fitting was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.79). A further 22% of the variance was explained by nonshared environmental factors, with no influence of shared environmental
Optimization of technical trading strategies and the profitability in security markets

The ultimate goal of any testing strategy is to measure profitability. This paper measures the profitability of simple technical trading rules based on nonparametric models which maximize the total returns of an investment strategy. The profitability of an investment strategy is evaluated against a simple buy-and-hold strategy on the security and its distance from the ideal net profit. The predictive performance is evaluated by the market timing tests of Henriksson-Merton and Pesaran-Timmermann to measure whether forecasts have economic value in practice. The results of an illustrative example indicate that nonparametric models with technical strategies provide significant profits when tested against buy-and-hold strategies. In addition, the sign predictions of these models are statistically significant.  1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
A novel method for ultra-high-frequency partial discharge localization in power transformers using the particle swarm optimization algorithm

Nowadays, the localization of partial discharge (PD) in power transformers by measurement of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) electromagnetic (EM) waves from a PD source is receiving more attention. This method is based on comparing the differences in the arrival times, to antennas in the transformer, of EM waves emitted from the PD source. From the measured UHF signal, and factoring in the influence of the transformer active part on the EM wave propagation, the correct determination of an EM wave arrival time in the localization algorithm is a critical task that influences the accuracy of the UHF PD localization method. Nearly all weak points in the dielectric system of power transformers generate PD. These discharges gradually degrade the insulation, leading to transformer failure. It is possible to detect these defects in the early stages of PD generation by measuring and analyzing the PD data. Suitable maintenance and repair strategies can then be implemented.
Tate's and Yoshida's theorems on control of transfer for fusion systems

We prove analogues of results of Tate and Yoshida on control of transfer for fusion systems. This requires the notions of $p$-group residuals and transfer maps in cohomology for fusion systems. As a corollary we obtain a $p$-nilpotency criterion due to Tate.
Pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis C in children affects growth and body composition: results from the pediatric study of hepatitis C (PEDS-C) trial.

UNLABELLED
Weight loss and changes in growth are noted in children treated with interferon alpha (IFN-α). The aim of this study was to prospectively determine changes in weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body composition during and after treatment of children with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Children treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2a (Peg-IFN-α2a) ± ribavirin in the Pediatric Study of Hepatitis C (PEDS-C) trial underwent anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, as well as dietary and activity assessments during and after treatment. One hundred and fourteen (55% male) children, with a mean age of 11 ± 3 years, were randomized, and 107 received treatment for at least 24 weeks. Subjects were divided into three groups according to duration of treatment: 24 (N = 14), 48 (N = 82), or 72 (N = 11) weeks. Decrements of up to 0.50 z score were observed for weight, height, and BMI while on therapy among all groups (P ≤ 0.01, compared to baseline). In the group treated for 48 weeks, 29 (33%) subjects had greater than 0.5-unit decrement in height-for-age z (HAZ) score. Though weight-for-age and BMI z scores returned to baseline after cessation of therapy, mean HAZ score was slower to rebound, still lower than baseline at 96 weeks post-therapy for the long-treatment duration group (P = 0.03) and lower than baseline in most children treated for 48 weeks. Percent body fat, fat-free mass z scores, and triceps skinfold z scores decreased with therapy. Dietary energy intake and levels of physical activity did not change during treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Peg-IFN-α2a was associated with significant changes in body weight, linear growth, BMI, and body composition in children. These effects were generally reversible with cessation of therapy, although HAZ scores had not returned to baseline after 2 years of observation in many. Longer term growth data are needed among children treated for chronic HCV.
The anatomy and embryology of posterior urethral valves.

PURPOSE
We reviewed the literature to better elucidate the history behind our understanding of the anatomy, classification and embryology of posterior urethral valves.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A directed MEDLINE literature review of the anatomy, classification and embryology of posterior urethral valves was performed. An effort was made to focus on the most frequently cited historical articles as well as those including detailed anatomical analyses of fetal specimens. Also included was the analysis of a specimen obtained at our institution in a novel manner that to our knowledge has not been previously described in the literature with respect to the anatomy of posterior urethral valves.


RESULTS
The precise origins regarding the anatomy and embryology of posterior urethral valves remain undefined. However, the literature is abundant in theories regarding the origin of posterior urethral valves, based primarily on small uncontrolled series or case reports. There are a limited number of reports of the anatomy of posterior urethral valves in methodical fashion using reproducible scientific techniques such as histopathology. These reports are invaluable for providing a foundation of how to properly study and define the origins of posterior urethral valves.


CONCLUSIONS
Elucidating this most fundamental feature of a congenital condition central to the practice of pediatric urology is essential. More well designed studies specifically with this goal in mind are necessary. Incorporating new reconstructive imaging modalities may assist us in pinpointing the elusive origins of the embryology and anatomy of posterior urethral valves.
Making connections in aquatic ecosystems with acoustic telemetry monitoring

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org T complex ways in which animals move within and interact with the environment are fundamental to understanding both basic and applied aspects of their biology. While researchers were once limited to making inferences on movement and ecosystem interactions by observing animals visually or through mark–recapture studies, advances in telemetry provide researchers with near continuous, automated tracking of individuals across large spatial scales (Robinson et al. 2009). In aquatic ecosystems, where individuals are particularly difficult to observe, telemetry-based research has helped to reveal the ecology of a diverse range of taxa, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (Cooke et al. 2004). The initial concept behind the development of acoustic telemetry monitoring technology was simple: design a low-cost, robust, autonomous telemetry receiver with an integrated hydrophone that could be deployed in aquatic systems to effectively track and study tagged animals (Panel 1). In the early 1970s, that concept was realized (Hawkins et al. 1974) and in subsequent years, the technology was refined and was embraced by the scientific community (Voegeli et al. 2001). Passive acoustic telemetry monitoring, hereafter referred to as acoustic monitoring, has become a mainstay in aquatic ecology; thousands of acoustic receivers now listen for tens of thousands of tagged animals in both freshwater and marine ecosystems across the globe (Heupel and Webber 2012). These individual, usually researcherand question-specific, telemetry deployments (hereafter called nodes) have also been used to create informal or formal networks for collaboration and sharing of detection information between scientists. Strategic positioning of receivers and high-resolution spatial arrays has enabled largely automated detections across distances ranging from <1 m to thousands of kilometers. Here we reflect on the current state of acoustic monitoring research and identify key topics in aquatic science that benefit from this technique (Figure 1). Our intention is to focus on novel, contemporary studies that illustrate the state of knowledge on each of the identified research topics rather than providing a comprehensive literature survey. We discuss the limitations of acoustic monitoring (Panel 2) and identify technological (WebPanel 1) and analytical (WebPanel 2) needs that, if adequately met, would maximize returns. We also pose a number of questions to encourage integrative approaches and to stimulate thought (WebTables 1 and 2). New REVIEWS REVIEWS REVIEWS
The acute hemodynamic response to LV pacing within individual branches of the coronary sinus using a quadripolar lead.

BACKGROUND
It is not clear whether there is a large difference in acute hemodynamic response (AHR) to left ventricle (LV) pacing in different regions of the same coronary sinus (CS) vein. Using the four electrodes available on a Quartet LV lead, we evaluated the AHR to pacing within individual branches of the CS.


METHODS
An acute hemodynamic study was attempted in 20 patients. In each patient, we assessed AHR in a number of CS veins and along a significant proportion of each CS branch using three different bipolar configurations. We compared the AHR achieved when pacing using each different vector and also the highest AHR achieved in any position within the same patient with the lowest achieved in that patient.


RESULTS
Sixty-four different CS positions in 19 patients were successfully assessed. No significant difference in AHR was found overall between the three vectors tested. The mean percentage difference in AHR between the CS branch vectors with the lowest and highest dP/dt(max) was +6.5 ± 5.4% (P < 0.001). A much larger difference of +16.9 ± 6.1% (P < 0.001) was seen when comparing the highest and lowest AHR achieved using any vector in any position within the same patient.


CONCLUSION
A small difference in AHR is seen when pacing within the same branch of the CS compared to pacing in different branches in the same patient. This suggests that although the site of LV lead placement is important, the position within a CS branch is less important than choosing the right vein.
The Split-Step-Fourier and Finite-Element-Based Parabolic-Equation Propagation-Prediction Tools: Canonical Tests, Systematic Comparisons, and Calibration

Powerful propagation-prediction tools, based on the split-step Fourier-transform and the Finite-Element-Method (FEM) solutions of the parabolic equation (PE) are discussed. The parabolic equation represents one-way propagation, and is widely used in two-dimensional (20) groundwave propagation modeling. It takes the Earth's curvature, the atmospheric refractivity variations, non-flat terrain scattering, and the boundary losses into account. MA TLAB-based numerical split-step parabolic-equation and Finite-Element-Method parabolic-equation routines were developed. These were used in canonical tests and comparisons to illustrate that the parabolic equation accounts for all of these effects. Both tools were calibrated against an analytical exact solution.