LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation of Infant's Nonnutritive and Nutritive Sucking

Two important aspects of the clinical feeding evaluation of infants are the assessment of their nonnutritive and nutritive sucking skills. Nonnutritive sucking is monitored routinely by using a gloved finger and nutritive sucking by observing infants' sucking while bottle feeding. This approach, however, provides only a subjective and descriptive evaluation. In this study, we developed a finger pressure device that allows for quantification of specific measures of nonnutritive sucking. We are proposing that its use, in combination with the nipple/bottle system developed for the monitoring of nutritive sucking, will allow therapists to conduct objective and quantitative evaluations of infants' nonnutritive and nutritive sucking. The suction and expression components of sucking are monitored via two catheters placed at the tip of the index finger of a disposable glove and at the tip of a bottle nipple. The observations made from the standard clinical feeding evaluation and from these two instruments were compared. In addition to providing quantitative measures of sucking, the latter techniques allowed the review/reassessment of data, the monitoring of the maturation of oral motor skills over time, and the comparison of these measures between infants. It is proposed that the concurrent use of these devices will allow therapists to conduct more objective and detailed evaluations of infants' feeding skills than can be obtained at present.
The Employment Effects of a Shorter Working Week

Labor organizations currently argue that reducing the standard working week will help lower the high unemployment of the 1980s. Opponents maintai n that this will increase labor costs, and therefore not alleviate un employment. This paper analyzes the employment effects of a cut in ho urs, using the monopoly union and efficient bargaining models of the union and firm. Under various developments of the models, the results are quite consistent: a reduction in hours has employment effects th at are at best ambiguous and very often negative. A puzzle remains as to why trade unions are pressing for shorter hours. Copyright 1987 by The Review of Economic Studies Limited.
Work-related stress, education and work ability among hospital nurses.

AIM
This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine which occupational stressors are present in nurses' working environment; to describe and compare occupational stress between two educational groups of nurses; to estimate which stressors and to what extent predict nurses' work ability; and to determine if educational level predicts nurses' work ability.


BACKGROUND
Nurses' occupational stress adversely affects their health and nursing quality. Higher educational level has been shown to have positive effects on the preservation of good work ability.


METHOD
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006-2007. Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 1392 (59%) nurses employed at four university hospitals in Croatia (n = 2364). The response rate was 78% (n = 1086). Data were collected using the Occupational Stress Assessment Questionnaire and Work Ability Index Questionnaire.


FINDINGS
We identified six major groups of occupational stressors: 'Organization of work and financial issues', 'public criticism', 'hazards at workplace', 'interpersonal conflicts at workplace', 'shift work' and 'professional and intellectual demands'. Nurses with secondary school qualifications perceived Hazards at workplace and Shift work as statistically significantly more stressful than nurses a with college degree. Predictors statistically significantly related with low work ability were: Organization of work and financial issues (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 122-236), lower educational level (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 122-236) and older age (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.09).


CONCLUSION
Hospital managers should develop strategies to address and improve the quality of working conditions for nurses in Croatian hospitals. Providing educational and career prospects can contribute to decreasing nurses' occupational stress levels, thus maintaining their work ability.
Biosurveillance: Detecting, Tracking, and Mitigating The Effects of Natural Disease and Bioterrorism

Biosurveillance is the regular collection, analysis, and interpretation of health and healthrelated data for indicators of diseases and other outbreaks by public health organizations. Motivated by the threat of bioterrorism, biosurveillance systems are being developed and implemented around the world. The goal of these systems has been expanded to include both early event detection and situational awareness, so that the focus is not simply on detection, but also on response and consequence management. Whether they are useful for detecting bioterrorism or not, there seems to be consensus that these biosurveillance systems are likely to be useful for detecting and responding to natural disease outbreaks such as seasonal and pandemic flu, and thus they have the potential to significantly advance and modernize the practice of public health surveillance.
Correction to “Combinatorics and geometry of power ideals”: Two counterexamples for power ideals of hyperplane arrangements

We disprove Holtz and Ron’s conjecture that the power ideal CA,−2 of a hyperplane arrangement A (also called the internal zonotopal space) is generated by A-monomials. We also show that, in contrast with the case k ≥ −2, the Hilbert series of CA,k is not determined by the matroid of A for k ≤ −6. Remark. This note is a corrigendum to our article [1], and we follow the notation of that paper.
Infection as a cause of primary total hip arthroplasty revision and its predictive factors.

INTRODUCTION
Infection is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and is one of the most frequent causes of failure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the importance of infection among the different causes of revision THA and identify any risk factors specifically associated with this cause of revision.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
All patients who underwent a first revision of THA were included in a prospective multicenter study. Postoperative clinical and radiological evaluation and follow-up of morbidity and mortality were performed at 3 months.


RESULTS
Two hundred forty out of 2107 revisions (11.4%) were performed for infected THA, which was the third cause after aseptic loosening (42.3%) and peri-prosthetic fractures (11.8%). These patients had a higher BMI associated with co-morbidities and lower clinical scores than patients with other causes of revision. One-stage revision was performed in most cases (66%) with replacement of the complete implant in 86% of cases, resulting in longer surgery compared to that for other causes. Male gender (OR 2.3), avascular necrosis (OR 2.4), arthroplasties with dual mobility cups (OR 2.5) and a Rottinger anterolateral approach (OR 3.4) were all associated with an increased risk of infection.


DISCUSSION
Some of these risk factors are not or have rarely been reported in the literature. They should be taken into consideration to help in the prevention and continuing battle against THA infection.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, prospective cohort study.
Differential effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation and neurodevelopmental treatment/Bobath on gait patterns in adults with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait patterns in comparison with changes after neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT/Bobath) in adults with cerebral palsy.


DESIGN
A repeated-measures analysis between the pretreatment and posttreatment tests and a comparison study between groups.


SETTING
Human gait analysis laboratory.


SUBJECTS
Twenty-eight cerebral palsy patients with bilateral spasticity participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either neurodevelopmental treatment (n = 13) or rhythmic auditory stimulation (n = 15).


INTERVENTIONS
Gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation or neurodevelopmental treatment was performed three sessions per week for three weeks. Temporal and kinematic data were analysed before and after the intervention. Rhythmic auditory stimulation was provided using a combination of a metronome beat set to the individual's cadence and rhythmic cueing from a live keyboard, while neurodevelopmental treatment was implemented following the traditional method.


MAIN MEASURES
Temporal data, kinematic parameters and gait deviation index as a measure of overall gait pathology were assessed.


RESULTS
Temporal gait measures revealed that rhythmic auditory stimulation significantly increased cadence, walking velocity, stride length, and step length (P < 0.05). Kinematic data demonstrated that anterior tilt of the pelvis and hip flexion during a gait cycle was significantly ameliorated after rhythmic auditory stimulation (P < 0.05). Gait deviation index also showed modest improvement in cerebral palsy patients treated with rhythmic auditory stimulation (P < 0.05). However, neurodevelopmental treatment showed that internal and external rotations of hip joints were significantly improved, whereas rhythmic auditory stimulation showed aggravated maximal internal rotation in the transverse plane (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation or neurodevelopmental treatment elicited differential effects on gait patterns in adults with cerebral palsy.
Differential effect of B-vitamin therapy by antiplatelet use on risk of recurrent vascular events after stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although several randomized controlled trials failed to show a benefit of B vitamin therapy on composite outcomes of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke among individuals with elevated homocysteine, recent post hoc analyses have suggested that several factors may interact with the effects of vitamin treatment. One post hoc analysis revealed an interaction between B vitamin therapy and antiplatelet use; however, those results have not been replicated in other studies or populations.


METHODS
We conducted a post hoc analysis of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial, a randomized controlled trial evaluating treatment with high- versus low-dose B vitamin therapy for secondary prevention of vascular events among stroke survivors with elevated homocysteine. Cox regression models were used to assess primary (recurrent stroke) and secondary (stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death) outcomes among individuals on high- versus low-dose vitamin therapy, categorized by antiplatelet use, after adjusting for covariates.


RESULTS
Among 3680 participants, 52% took antiplatelet medications. When compared with low-dose therapy, high-dose vitamin therapy was associated with higher stroke risk among individuals on antiplatelets (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.01), but trended toward lower risk among those not on antiplatelets (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.19).


CONCLUSIONS
High-dose B vitamin therapy may be associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke among stroke survivors taking antiplatelets, but does not have a significant effect on recurrent stroke risk in those who are not on antiplatelets. Future randomized controlled trials may consider evaluating the effect of homocysteine lowering among stroke survivors with elevated homocysteine who are not on antiplatelet therapy.
Posttraumatic Growth and its Dimensions in Patients with Cancer

*School of Nursing and and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ** Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran *** School of Para Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran **** Mehregan Hospital, Tehran, Iran *****Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ******Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Original Article Middle East Journal of Cancer 2014; 5(1): 23-29
Positioning Southwest Airlines through Employee Branding

As the field of employee branding has begun to unfold, more and more executives have become interested in how this process can help them achieve a competitive advantage for their organizations. This article explains how employee branding works and how it can be utilized to position the organization in the minds of customers, employees, and other stakeholders. A contextual analysis of its use as a source of sustainable competitive advantage at Southwest Airlines is presented. Finally, key success factors are identified for those who wish to make employee branding a strategic focus within their organizations. D 2005 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. 1. Employee branding and Southwest Airlines: A winning combination Employee branding as a source of strategic competitive advantage has been a basis for discussion in recent years. While practitioners focused on the importance of employee branding and its positive outcomes, their discourse often lacked focus because they did not agree on the term’s definition or its conceptualization. Clarity was added when our 2004 Journal of Relationship Marketing article (Miles & Mangold, 2004) defined employee branding as bthe process by which employees internalize the desired brand image and are motivated to project the image to customers and other organizational constituentsQ (p. 68). The conceptualization presented along with this definition provided insight into how organizations could achieve a competitive advantage by strategically utilizing the employee branding process. In this work, we extend our previous conceptualization by presenting a contextual analysis of Southwest Airlines’ use of the employee branding process to gain an organizational bpositionQ in the minds of customers. Our extension also acknowledges the key role the organization’s mission and values play in the employee branding process, and recognizes that employees must have knowledge of the desired brand image if they are to project that image to others. This analysis will lead to a better understanding of the use of employee branding as a 0007-6813/$ see front matter D 2005 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2005.04.010 T Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: sandy.miles@murraystate.edu (S.J. Miles)8 glynn.mangold@murraystate.edu (W.G. Mangold).
Direct comparison of serial B-type natriuretic peptide and NT-proBNP levels for prediction of short- and long-term outcome in acute decompensated heart failure

INTRODUCTION
Monitoring treatment efficacy and assessing outcome by serial measurements of natriuretic peptides in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients may help to improve outcome.


METHODS
This was a prospective multi-center study of 171 consecutive patients (mean age 80 73-85 years) presenting to the emergency department with ADHF. Measurement of BNP and NT-proBNP was performed at presentation, 24 hours, 48 hours and at discharge. The primary endpoint was one-year all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints were 30-days all-cause mortality and one-year heart failure (HF) readmission.


RESULTS
During one-year follow-up, a total of 60 (35%) patients died. BNP and NT-proBNP levels were higher in non-survivors at all time points (all P < 0.001). In survivors, treatment reduced BNP and NT-proBNP levels by more than 50% (P < 0.001), while in non-survivors treatment did not lower BNP and NT-proBNP levels. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of one-year mortality increased during the course of hospitalization for BNP (AUC presentation: 0.67; AUC 24 h: 0.77; AUC 48 h: 0.78; AUC discharge: 0.78) and NT-proBNP (AUC presentation: 0.67; AUC 24 h: 0.73; AUC 48 h: 0.75; AUC discharge: 0.77). In multivariate analysis, BNP at 24 h (1.02 [1.01-1.04], P = 0.003), 48 h (1.04 [1.02-1.06], P < 0.001) and discharge (1.02 [1.01-1.03], P < 0.001) independently predicted one-year mortality, while only pre-discharge NT-proBNP was predictive (1.07 [1.01-1.13], P = 0.016). Comparable results could be obtained for the secondary endpoint 30-days mortality but not for one-year HF readmissions.


CONCLUSIONS
BNP and NT-proBNP reliably predict one-year mortality in patients with ADHF. Prognostic accuracy of both biomarker increases during the course of hospitalization. In survivors BNP levels decline more rapidly than NT-proBNP levels and thus seem to allow earlier assessment of treatment efficacy. Ability to predict one-year HF readmission was poor for BNP and NT-proBNP.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00514384.
Exchange Rates and Commodity Prices : Measuring Causality at Multiple Horizons

Different causal mechanisms have been proposed to link commodity prices a nd exchange rates, with opposing implications. We examine these causal relationships empirically, us ing data on three commodities (crude oil, gold, copper) and four countries (Canada, Austr alia, Norway, Chile), over the period 1986-2015. To go beyond pure significance tests of Grange r non-causality and provide a relatively complete picture of the links, measures of the strength of cau sality for different horizons and directions are estimated and compared. Since low-frequenc y data may easily fail to capture important features of the relevant causal links, daily and some 5inute data are exploited. Both unconditional and conditional (given general stock market conditio s and short-term interest rates) causality measures are considered, and allowance for “dollar ef fects” is made by considering non-U.S. dollar exchange rates. We identify clear causal patterns: (1) there is evidence of Grangercausality between commodity prices and exchange rates in both directions acr s multiple horizons, but the statistical evidence and measured intensity of the effects are much str onger in the direction of commodity prices to exchange rates, especially at horizon one: the ratios of causality measures in two different directions can be quite high; (2) causality is stronger at sh ort horizons, and becomes weaker as the horizon increases; (3) conditioning on equity prices (the S&P500) does not change the patterns of causality measures found in the unconditional case s; (4) the main results are robust to eliminating U.S.-dollar denomination effects and including a shortterm interest rate as the conditioning variable. In contrast with earlier results on the non-pre dictability of exchange rates, we find that the macroeconomic/trade-based mechanism plays a centr al role in exchange-rate dynamics, despite the financial feature of these markets.
Subtle is the Gravity

In this lecture I build up the motivation for relativity and gravitation based on general principles and common sense considerations which should fall in the sphere of appreciation of a general reader. There is a novel way of looking at things and understanding them in a more direct physical terms which should be of interest to fellow relativists as well as physicists in general.
Acute urinary retention in children.

PURPOSE
Acute urinary retention in children is a relatively rare entity. There are a variety of causes that are poorly defined in the literature. We review our cases of acute urinary retention in children at three major pediatrics centers in Iran.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1996 and 2003, children (up to 14 years old) who had been referred due to acute urinary retention were examined. Urinary retention was defined as inability to empty the bladder volitionally for more than 12 hours with a urine volume greater than expected for age or a palpably distended bladder. All data from the patients' past medical history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiographic assessments were collected. Also, cystourethroscopy and urodynamic procedures had been carried out according to patient's conditions. Patients with secondary urinary retention, including those with surgical history, immobility or chronic neurological disorders, mental retardation, and drugs or narcotics consumption were excluded from study.


RESULTS
There were 86 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, consisting of 58 males with a median age of 4 years (range 1 month to 14 years) and 58 females with a median age of 4 years (range 4 month to 14 years). Etiologies were lower urinary tract stone in 27.9%, neurological disorders in 10.4%, trauma in 10.4%, local inflammatory causes in 9.1%, urinary tract infection in 7.4%, ureterocele in 7.4%, benign obstructing lesions in 5.8%, iatrogenic in 5.8%, constipation in 4.6%, imperforated hymen in 3.5%, and large prostate utricle, urethral foreign body, and rhabdomyosarcoma each in 1 case (1.1%).


CONCLUSION
The most common cause of acute urinary retention was lower urinary tract stone in our pediatric cases. Ureterocele and stone were the main findings in girls and boys, respectively, and urinary retention in boys was twice as prevalent as that in girls.
RF Small-Signal and Noise Modeling Including Parameter Extraction of Nanoscale MOSFET From Weak to Strong Inversion

The downscaling of CMOS processes has led to devices with an impressive RF performance. Advanced nanoscale RF MOSFETs present very high transit frequency, which can be traded off with lower power consumption, by shifting the operating point towards the weak inversion (WI) regime. This paper explores whether the simple RF schematics and models used in strong inversion remain valid in moderate or even down to deep WI regions for nanoscale devices. A simple RF equivalent circuit is proposed, leading to first-order analytical expressions, which are able to describe the RF small-signal behavior of nanoscale MOSFET, including noise, across all inversion levels. Using these expressions it is possible to extract the values of all the RF components and noise model parameters directly from measurements. The analytical models are compared to RF measurements of a commercial state-of-the-art 40-nm CMOS process and to the advanced BSIM6 compact bulk MOSFET model, showing very good accuracy.