LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Coordinated downlink multi-point communications in heterogeneous cellular networks

In this paper we assess how coordination among base stations can be exploited to improve downlink capacity in fourth generation (4G) cellular networks. We focus on heterogeneous networks where low-power pico cells are deployed within the coverage area of an existing macro network with the aim of offloading traffic from the (potentially congested) macro cells to low-power cells. Firstly, we describe an enhanced inter-cell interference coordination scheme which is shown to achieve a significant capacity gain in such deployments by leveraging a loose coordination among neighbor base stations. Secondly, we explore how a tighter coordination among base stations can be exploited to further improve the network capacity. Even though the schemes described in this paper apply to long term evolution (LTE) wireless networks, we point out that most of the findings and conclusions we draw apply to any cellular network.
Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study.

OBJECTIVES
This study defined long-term patency of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts.


BACKGROUND
This VA Cooperative Studies Trial defined 10-year SVG patency in 1,074 patients and left IMA patency in 457 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).


METHODS
Patients underwent cardiac catheterizations at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 10 years after CABG.


RESULTS
Patency at 10 years was 61% for SVGs compared with 85% for IMA grafts (p < 0.001). If a SVG or IMA graft was patent at 1 week, that graft had a 68% and 88% chance, respectively, of being patent at 10 years. The SVG patency to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (69%) was better (p < 0.001) than to the right coronary artery (56%), or circumflex (58%). Recipient vessel size was a significant predictor of graft patency, in vessels >2.0 mm in diameter SVG patency was 88% versus 55% in vessels </=2.0 mm (p < 0.001). Other positive significant predictors of graft patency were use of aspirin after bypass, older age, lower serum cholesterol, and lowest Canadian Functional Class (p < 0.001 to 0.058).


CONCLUSIONS
The 10-year patency of IMA grafts is better than SVGs. The 10-year patency for SVGs is better and the 10-year patency for IMA grafts is worse than expected. The 10-year patency of SVGs to the LAD is better than that to the right or circumflex. The best long-term predictors of SVG graft patency are grafting into the LAD and grafting into a vessel that is >2.0 mm in diameter.
CacheZoom: How SGX Amplifies the Power of Cache Attacks

In modern computing environments, hardware resources are commonly shared, and parallel computation is widely used. Parallel tasks can cause privacy and security problems if proper isolation is not enforced. Intel proposed SGX to create a trusted execution environment within the processor. SGX relies on the hardware, and claims runtime protection even if the OS and other software components are malicious. However, SGX disregards sidechannel attacks. We introduce a powerful cache sidechannel attack that provides system adversaries a high resolution channel. Our attack tool named CacheZoom is able to virtually track all memory accesses of SGX enclaves with high spatial and temporal precision. As proof of concept, we demonstrate AES key recovery attacks on commonly used implementations including those that were believed to be resistant in previous scenarios. Our results show that SGX cannot protect critical data sensitive computations, and efficient AES key recovery is possible in a practical environment. In contrast to previous works which require hundreds of measurements, this is the first cache side-channel attack on a real system that can recover AES keys with a minimal number of measurements. We can successfully recover AES keys from T-Table based implementations with as few as ten measurements.1
Visual Classifier Training for Text Document Retrieval

Performing exhaustive searches over a large number of text documents can be tedious, since it is very hard to formulate search queries or define filter criteria that capture an analyst's information need adequately. Classification through machine learning has the potential to improve search and filter tasks encompassing either complex or very specific information needs, individually. Unfortunately, analysts who are knowledgeable in their field are typically not machine learning specialists. Most classification methods, however, require a certain expertise regarding their parametrization to achieve good results. Supervised machine learning algorithms, in contrast, rely on labeled data, which can be provided by analysts. However, the effort for labeling can be very high, which shifts the problem from composing complex queries or defining accurate filters to another laborious task, in addition to the need for judging the trained classifier's quality. We therefore compare three approaches for interactive classifier training in a user study. All of the approaches are potential candidates for the integration into a larger retrieval system. They incorporate active learning to various degrees in order to reduce the labeling effort as well as to increase effectiveness. Two of them encompass interactive visualization for letting users explore the status of the classifier in context of the labeled documents, as well as for judging the quality of the classifier in iterative feedback loops. We see our work as a step towards introducing user controlled classification methods in addition to text search and filtering for increasing recall in analytics scenarios involving large corpora.
Comparison of frailty indicators based on clinical phenotype and the multiple deficit approach in predicting mortality and physical limitation.

OBJECTIVES
To compare three simple bedside tools based on frailty phenotypes with a Frailty Index using the multiple deficit approach in the prediction of mortality and physical limitation after 4 years.


DESIGN
Cohort study.


SETTING
Hong Kong, China.


PARTICIPANTS
Four thousand men and women aged 65 and older living in the community who were ambulatory enough to attend the study center.


METHODS
Interviewers obtained information regarding physical, psychological, and functional health; body mass index (BMI), grip strength, blood pressure, and ankle brachial index were determined. Three clinical frailty scales based on the Fried phenotype (Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS); Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss (FRAIL); and Hubbard) and a frailty index (FI) were constructed from these variables, and their ability to predict incident mortality and physical function limitations was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.


RESULTS
All tools predicted adverse outcomes. More participants were categorized into frail and prefrail categories using the CHS than with the other two clinical scales. For all frailty measures, with increasing levels of frailty, the sensitivity fell and the specificity increased to greater than 90%; the area under the ROC curve values were approximately 0.6.


CONCLUSION
Simple frailty scores are comparable with a multidimensional deficit accumulation FI in predicting mortality and physical limitations. The newer FRAIL, proposed for use in a clinical setting, is comparable with other existing short screening tools, as well as tools based on the multiple-deficits model used for research settings. Addition of a physical performance measure to screening tools may increase predictive accuracy.
Research Guides: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Construction Management: Citing Sources

This research guide was designed to introduce you to the field of civil engineering and construction management. You'll find books, article databases, and other resources you need to start your research.
Transformer tests using MATLAB/Simulink and their integration into undergraduate electric machinery courses

This article describes MATLAB/Simulink realization of open-circuit and short-circuit tests of transformers that are performed to identify equivalent circuit parameters. These simulation models are developed to support and enhance electric machinery education at the undergraduate level. The proposed tests have been successfully integrated into electric machinery courses at Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA and Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 142 150, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20077
Wrapper verification

Many Internet information-management applications (e.g., information integration systems) require a library of wrappers, specialized information extraction procedures that translate a source's native format into a structured representation suitable for further application-specific processing. Maintaining wrappers is tedious and error-prone, because the formatting regularities on which wrappers rely change frequently on the decentralized and dynamic Internet. The wrapper verification problem is to determine whether a wrapper is operating correctly. Standard regression testing approaches are inappropriate, because both the formatting regularities on which wrappers rely and the source's underlying content may change. We introduce RAPTURE, a fully-implemented, domain-independent wrapper verification algorithm. RAPTURE computes a probabilistic similarity measure between a wrapper's expected and observed output, where similarity is defined in terms of simple numeric features (e.g., the length, or the fraction of punctuation characters) of the extracted strings. Experiments with numerous actual Internet sources demostrate that RAPTURE performs substantially better than standard regression testing.
INS/GPS Integration Architectures

An inertial navigation system (INS) exhibits relatively low noise from second to second, but tends to drift over time. Typical aircraft inertial navigation errors grow at rates between 1 and 10 nmi/h (1.8 to 18 km/h) of operation. In contrast, Global Positioning System (GPS) errors are relatively noisy from second to second, but exhibit no long-term drift. Using both of these systems is superior to using either alone. Integrating the information from each sensor results in a navigation system that operates like a drift-free INS. There are further benefits to be gained depending on the level at which the information is combined. This presentation will focus on integration architectures, including “loosely coupled,” “tightly coupled,” and “deeply integrated” configurations. (Deep integration is trademarked by Draper Laboratory.) The advantages and disadvantages of each level of integration will be listed. Examples of current and future systems will be cited. 1.0 INTRODUCTION INS/GPS integration is not a new concept [Refs. 1, 2, 3, 4]. Measurements of noninertial quantities have long been incorporated into inertial navigation systems to limit error growth. Examples shown in Figure 1 are barometric “altitude” measurements, Doppler ground speed measurements, Doppler measurements to communications satellites, and range measurements to Omega stations.
Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and gene expression of PPARGC1A in human muscle is influenced by high-fat overfeeding in a birth-weight-dependent manner.

CONTEXT
Low birth weight (LBW) and unhealthy diets are risk factors of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic data propose a role of the key metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha (PPARGC1A) in the development of T2D.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to investigate gene expression and DNA methylation of PPARGC1A and coregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during control and high-fat diets. DESIGN, SUBJECTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty young healthy men with LBW and 26 matched NBW controls were studied after 5 d high-fat overfeeding (+50% calories) and after a control diet in a randomized manner. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed and skeletal muscle biopsies excised. DNA methylation and gene expression were measured using bisulfite sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively.


RESULTS
When challenged with high-fat overfeeding, LBW subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance and reduced PPARGC1A and OXPHOS (P < 0.05) gene expression. PPARGC1A methylation was significantly higher in LBW subjects (P = 0.0002) during the control diet. However, PPARGC1A methylation increased in only NBW subjects after overfeeding in a reversible manner. DNA methylation of PPARGC1A did not correlate with mRNA expression.


CONCLUSIONS
LBW subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance and decreased gene expression of PPARGC1A and OXPHOS genes when challenged with fat overfeeding. The extent to which our finding of a constitutively increased DNA methylation in the PPARGC1A promoter in LBW subjects may contribute needs to be determined. We provide the first experimental support in humans that DNA methylation induced by overfeeding is reversible.
A service-oriented middleware for building context-aware services

The advancement of wireless networks and mobile computing necessitates more advanced applications and services to be built with context-awareness enabled and adaptability to their changing contexts. Today, building context-aware services is a complex task due to the lack of an adequate infrastructure support in pervasive computing environments. In this article, we propose a ServiceOriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) architecture for the building and rapid prototyping of context-aware services. It provides efficient support for acquiring, discovering, interpreting and accessing various contexts to build context-aware services. We also propose a formal context model based on ontology using Web Ontology Language to address issues including semantic representation, context reasoning, context classification and dependency. We describe our context model and the middleware architecture, and present a performance study for our prototype in a smart home environment. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optical Sensors and Methods for Underwater 3D Reconstruction

This paper presents a survey on optical sensors and methods for 3D reconstruction in underwater environments. The techniques to obtain range data have been listed and explained, together with the different sensor hardware that makes them possible. The literature has been reviewed, and a classification has been proposed for the existing solutions. New developments, commercial solutions and previous reviews in this topic have also been gathered and considered.
Water quality index and fractal dimension analysis of water parameters

Statistical analysis of water quality parameters were analyzed at Harike Lake on the confluence of Beas and Sutlej rivers of Punjab (India). Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, coefficient of variation, regression lines, correlation coefficient, Hurst exponent, fractal dimension and predictability index were estimated for each water parameter. Monthly variation of water quality index using month-wise and parameter-wise value of quality rating and actual value present in water sample was calculated and compared with World Health Organization/ Environmental Protection Agency standard value of these parameters. It was observed that Brownian time series behavior exists of potential of hydrogen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; biochemical oxygen demand with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; dissolved oxygen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; ferrous with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, conductance and calcium parameters; chromium with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and zinc parameters; zinc with total dissolved solids, hardness, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; fluoride with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; nitrate with total dissolved solids, sulfate and conductance parameters; nitrite with potential of hydrogen, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters. Also, using water quality index, it was observed that water of the lake was severely contaminated and became unfit for drinking and industrial use.
Culture-Based Creativity in the Regional Strategy of Development : Is Russia in Game ?

In the knowledge-based society, economic growth depends on the implementation of new ideas. Creative people, creative industries, and creative economies are considered as the crucial drivers of the economic prosperity and change management. This chapter analyzes regional specificity of Russia in creation and support of creativity within social and economic development, using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Impact Report, and the G20 Entrepreneurship Barometer. Using data from Inglehardt’s World Values Survey, the analysis of cultural assignments in the decision-making in Russia will continue compared to diverse European practices. It will be a valuable basis for further exploration of collision between global economic systems, demands for creativity and innovation, internal Russian institutional and societal resources for support/rejection of innovation, and culturally indoctrinated behavioral patterns of young researchers and intellectual entrepreneurs, articulated as drivers of the new economy. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Culture is one of the most discussable concepts in extant academic literature. It exists on three levels of analysis: meta, mezzo, and micro (with implications to organization, corporate and other forms of culture). There are several dimensions of culture that could be found within the academic milieu: culture and cultural differences in management, social psychology, and linguistic anthropology. On the meta-level of analysis since the 1950s, we can see the changes in perception of culture away from the objectivist framing the concept as a way life, including traits, values, and behavioral patterns (Herbig & Dunphy, 1998). The new wave of reassessment of culture came into being during the 1980s called the “cultural turn” (Jameson, 1998). It helped to develop a more flexible definition of Oxana Karnaukhova Southern Federal University, Russia
A Scalable Priority Queue Architecture for High Speed Network Processing

Priority queues are essential for implementing various types of service disciplines on network devices. However, state-of-the-art priority queues can barely catch up with the OC192 line speed and the size of active priorities is limited to a few hundred KB which is far from the worst-case requirement. Our hybrid design stores most priorities sorted in the FIFO queue and they are used for dequeue only. Since the dequeue operation always takes the highest priorities from the head of the FIFO queue, it can be efficiently handled using caching in the SRAM and wide word accesses to the DRAM. Meanwhile, incoming priorities are stored temporarily in a small input heap. Once the input heap is full, it becomes creation heap and the priorities are then quickly dequeued from the creation heap and transformed into a sorted array to be stored in the FIFO queues. When these operations are in progress, previously emptied creation heap is connected to the input and continues to get incoming priorities. Swapping between input and creation heap sustains continuous operation of the system. Our results show that this hybrid design can meet the requirements of OC-3072 line speed and provide enough capacity queuing a large number of priorities in the worst case. Also, the required DRAM bandwidth and SRAM size (which is precious) are reasonable. Keywords-Network Processor; Priority Queue; FIFO Queue.
Body-weight-supported treadmill rehabilitation after stroke.

BACKGROUND
Locomotor training, including the use of body-weight support in treadmill stepping, is a physical therapy intervention used to improve recovery of the ability to walk after stroke. The effectiveness and appropriate timing of this intervention have not been established.


METHODS
We stratified 408 participants who had had a stroke 2 months earlier according to the extent of walking impairment--moderate (able to walk 0.4 to <0.8 m per second) or severe (able to walk <0.4 m per second)--and randomly assigned them to one of three training groups. One group received training on a treadmill with the use of body-weight support 2 months after the stroke had occurred (early locomotor training), the second group received this training 6 months after the stroke had occurred (late locomotor training), and the third group participated in an exercise program at home managed by a physical therapist 2 months after the stroke (home-exercise program). Each intervention included 36 sessions of 90 minutes each for 12 to 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants in each group who had an improvement in functional walking ability 1 year after the stroke.


RESULTS
At 1 year, 52.0% of all participants had increased functional walking ability. No significant differences in improvement were found between early locomotor training and home exercise (adjusted odds ratio for the primary outcome, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 to 1.39) or between late locomotor training and home exercise (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.99). All groups had similar improvements in walking speed, motor recovery, balance, functional status, and quality of life. Neither the delay in initiating the late locomotor training nor the severity of the initial impairment affected the outcome at 1 year. Ten related serious adverse events were reported (occurring in 2.2% of participants undergoing early locomotor training, 3.5% of those undergoing late locomotor training, and 1.6% of those engaging in home exercise). As compared with the home-exercise group, each of the groups receiving locomotor training had a higher frequency of dizziness or faintness during treatment (P=0.008). Among patients with severe walking impairment, multiple falls were more common in the group receiving early locomotor training than in the other two groups (P=0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Locomotor training, including the use of body-weight support in stepping on a treadmill, was not shown to be superior to progressive exercise at home managed by a physical therapist. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research; LEAPS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00243919.).