LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Categorizing Health Outcomes and Efficacy of mHealth Apps for Persons With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
Use of mobile health (mHealth) apps is growing at an exponential rate in the United States and around the world. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease, and related dementias are a global health problem. Numerous mHealth interventions exist for this population, yet the effect of these interventions on health has not been systematically described.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to catalog the types of health outcomes used to measure effectiveness of mHealth interventions and assess which mHealth interventions have been shown to improve the health of persons with MCI, Alzheimer disease, and dementia.


METHODS
We searched 13 databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, the full Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Ei Compendex, IEEE Xplore, Applied Science & Technology Source, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar from inception through May 2017 for mHealth studies involving persons with cognitive impairment that were evaluated using at least one quantitative health outcome. Proceedings of the Annual ACM Conferences on Human Factors in Computing Systems, the ACM User Interface Software and Technology Symposium, and the IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers were searched in the ACM Digital Library from 2012 to 2016. A hand search of JMIR Publications journals was also completed in July 2017.


RESULTS
After removal of duplicates, our initial search returned 3955 records. Of these articles, 24 met final inclusion criteria as studies involving mHealth interventions that measured at least one quantitative health outcome for persons with MCI, Alzheimer disease, and dementia. Common quantitative health outcomes included cognition, function, mood, and quality of life. We found that 21.2% (101/476) of the fully reviewed articles were excluded because of a lack of health outcomes. The health outcomes selected were observed to be inconsistent between studies. For those studies with quantitative health outcomes, more than half (58%) reported postintervention improvements in outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that many mHealth app interventions targeting those with cognitive impairment lack quantitative health outcomes as a part of their evaluation process and that there is a lack of consensus as to which outcomes to use. The majority of mHealth app interventions that incorporated health outcomes into their evaluation noted improvements in the health of persons with MCI, Alzheimer disease, and dementia. However, these studies were of low quality, leading to a grade C level of evidence. Clarification of the benefits of mHealth interventions for people with cognitive impairment requires more randomized controlled trials, larger numbers of participants, and trial designs that minimize bias.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration: PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016033846; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016033846 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6sjjwnv1M).
Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystems

In Asia, rice production has increased an average 2.7% annually - due to greater fertilizer use and crop intensification together with varietal improvement and investment in irrigation facilities. Nitrogen efficiency in tropical rice is low.15N recovery rarely exceeds 30–40% in wetland rice production systems. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization and denitrification are recognized as major nitrogen loss mechanisms in such systems. Information on the relative importance of the two loss processes is available for few sites in Asia. The greatest losses of N are reported to occur when the fertilizer treatment leads to a high concentration of ammoniacal N in the floodwater. Results from the studies using micrometereological technique suggest that ammonia volatilization may be the most important loss process in wetland rice ecosystems. Directly measuring denitrification in the field proved more difficult than measuring NH3 volatilization due to difficulty in distinguishing the main end product of denitrification (N2) against a large background of atmospheric N2. However, the directly measured (N2 + N2O) -15N flux for rice in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines rice fields was less than 1% of the applied N. Green manure incorporation in wetland rice fields reduced N losses from mineral N source due to resulting lower floodwater pH and lower partial pressure of NH3 (pNH3) than that of urea applied alone. At present, the integrated use of green manure and mineral N is receiving much attention in the hope of meeting farmers' desire to reduce cost of production as well as ecological considerations such as increased methane production which contribute to global climate change. Other promising alternative practices for increasing fertilizer N efficiency include improved timing and application methods, particularly through better incorporation of basal N fertilizer without standing water, deep placement, and use of coated fertilizers.
Clinical importance of leech therapy

The Unani System of Medicine is based on the concept of balancing body humours. The majority of the diseases are caused by the endogenous factors by excessive accumulation of foodstuff, blood and superfluous or morbid humours, the metabolic products. Consequently to the concept of congestion or over filling the 6 evacuating methods blood letting, purging, vomiting, sweating, diuresis and cauterization are described. Blood letting in the form of venesection, leech therapy and cupping with scarification is an essential part of regimental therapy. Leech therapy, one of the most important and widely practiced methods known from the time of extreme antiquity is still alive. This fact testifies to its efficiency in various health problems. The paper deals with the method, indications and contra-indications of the leech therapy.
SimSketch: Multiagent Simulations Based on Learner-Created Sketches for Early Science Education

This paper presents an approach to create simulations of science phenomena based on sketches. SimSketch, an integrated drawing and modeling tool, allows students to create sketches and apply behaviors to elements of their drawing. A multiagent simulation engine interprets and executes the model, thus building an intuitively usable and motivating learning environment to build and explore simulations of scientific phenomena.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Determining Variances in Ostomy Skin Conditions and the Economic Impact (ADVOCATE Trial)

PURPOSE
To compare ostomy-related costs and incidence of peristomal skin complications (PSCs) for ceramide-infused ostomy skin barriers and control skin barriers.


DESIGN
The ADVOCATE trial is a multi-centered randomized controlled trial, and double-blinded international study with an adaptive design.


SUBJECTS AND SETTING
The sample comprised 153 adults from 25 sites from the United States, Canada, and Europe. Participants were seen in hospital and outpatient care settings.


METHODS
Data were collected by investigators at each site during face-to-face visits and during telephone check-in calls between visits. Cost of care data were collected using a questionnaire developed specifically for the study. The peristomal skin was assessed using the Ostomy Skin Tool. Health-related quality of life was measured using the SF-12v2. Patient-reported outcomes were collected using a patient-centered study-specific questionnaire. Cost of care was analyzed via analysis of covariance comparing total cost of care for 12 weeks between the 2 groups. The incidence of PSC was analyzed via Barnard's exact test comparing the incidence of PSCs between the control and treatment groups. Tertiary outcomes were exploratory in nature and not statistically powered.


RESULTS
Use of the ceramide-infused barrier significantly reduced stoma-related cost of care over a 12-week period, resulting in a $36.46 decrease in cost (14% relative decrease). The adjusted average costs were $223.73 in the treatment group and $260.19 in the control group (P = .017). The overall incidence of PSCs in the study was 47.7%; PSC incidence was 40.5% for the treatment group versus 55.4% for controls (P = .069, 95% confidence interval of the difference: -1.2 to 30.4). Significantly more participants using the ceramide-infused skin barrier were "very satisfied" with barrier performance (75% vs 55%; P = .033), prevention of leakage (63% vs 38%; P < .01), and prevention of itching (53% vs 31%; P = .016). General postoperative improvement in health-related quality of life was noted in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of a ceramide-infused barrier significantly decreased cost and increased satisfaction with patient-reported outcomes.
Text Mining Infrastructure in R

During the last decade text mining has become a widely used discipline utilizing statistical and machine learning methods. We present the tm package which provides a framework for text mining applications within R. We give a survey on text mining facilities in R and explain how typical application tasks can be carried out using our framework. We present techniques for count-based analysis methods, text clustering, text classification and string kernels.
Mobile ad hoc cloud: A survey

The unabated flurry of research activities to augment various mobile devices in terms of compute-intensive task execution by leveraging heterogeneous resources of available devices in the local vicinity has created a new research domain called mobile ad hoc cloud (MAC) or mobile cloud. It is a new type of mobile cloud computing (MCC). MAC is deemed to be a candidate blueprint for future compute-intensive applications with the aim of delivering high functionalities and rich impressive experience to mobile users. However, MAC is yet in its infancy, and a comprehensive survey of the domain is still lacking. In this paper, we survey the state-of-the-art research efforts carried out in the MAC domain. We analyze several problems inhibiting the adoption of MAC and review corresponding solutions by devising a taxonomy. Moreover, MAC roots are analyzed and taxonomized as architectural components, applications, objectives, characteristics, execution model, scheduling type, formation technologies, and node types. The similarities and differences among existing proposed solutions by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages are also investigated. We also compare the literature based on objectives. Furthermore, our study advocates that the problems stem from the intrinsic characteristics of MAC by identifying several new principles. Lastly, several open research challenges such as incentives, heterogeneity-ware task allocation, mobility, minimal data exchange, and security and privacy are presented as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter Twenty-Seven. Abuse And Attacks

Faced with abuse of an ethnic, racial or religious nature, members of staff in schools hesitate or waver between two attitudes. The first consists in considering them as jokes, juvenile provocations or mere marks of familiarity with no hostile intention, especially if it is a question of interaction between pupils. A second attitude is based on the idea that the insults and abuse are meaningful and that this meaning is alarming. When it is a question of attacks and physical violence of an anti-Semitic nature, schools seem even less capable of dealing with the problems in a satisfactory manner. Anti-Semitism in schools is undoubtedly a reality. But it is exaggerated or, conversely, played down and always twisted as a result of the huge inadequacies of the educational system creating scandals in situations where simple measures, taken locally and internally with a minimum of common sense, should suffice.Keywords: abuse; anti-Semitic nature; physical violence; schools
Psychometric validation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
In total, 2636 cardiac inpatients from 11 hospitals completed a survey. One year later, participants completed a follow-up survey, which included the CRBS. A subsample of patients also completed a third survey which included the CRBS, the Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrolment Obstacles scale, and the Beliefs About Cardiac Rehabilitation scale three weeks later. The CRBS asked participants to rate 21 cardiac rehabilitation barriers on a five-point Likert scale regardless of cardiac rehabilitation referral or enrolment.


RESULTS
Maximum likelihood factor analysis with oblique rotation resulted in a four-factor solution: perceived need/healthcare factors (eigenvalue = 6.13, Cronbach's α = .89), logistical factors (eigenvalue = 5.83, Cronbach's α = .88), work/time conflicts (eigenvalue = 3.78, Cronbach's α = .71), and comorbidities/functional status (eigenvalue = 4.85, Cronbach's α = .83). Mean total perceived barriers were significantly greater among non-enrollees than cardiac rehabilitation enrollees (P < .001). Convergent validity with the Beliefs About Cardiac Rehabilitation and Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrolment Obstacles scales was also demonstrated. Test-retest reliability of the CRBS was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = .64).


CONCLUSION
The CRBS consists of four subscales and has sound psychometric properties. The extent to which identified barriers can be addressed to facilitate greater cardiac rehabilitation utilization warrants future study.
Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Physical Activity ( TSRQ-PA )

Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the reliability and factorial validity of the Portuguese Version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire for physical activity (TSRQ-PA). Method: In this study, 148 healthy adults (Mean age = 44.70, 96.6% women) and 89 chronic fatigue patients (Mean age = 47.39, 97.8% women) filled out questionnaires related to behaviour regulation style (TSRQ – PA) and physical activity. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis adjustment indices of a two-factor structure (Autonomous Regulation scale and Controlled Regulation scale) of the TSRQ-PA were satisfactory and internal consistency estimates were acceptable for both factors. A higher degree of autonomous behaviour regulation was significantly associated with higher levels of physical activity. Conclusion: These findings provide support for the validity and reliability of the TSRQ – PA for measuring behaviour regulation style for engaging in physical activity, in different settings.
Effects of bevacizumab on the neovascular membrane of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: reduction of endothelial cells and expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α

PURPOSE
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have recently been used intravitreally during the perioperative period for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the mechanism of theraputic effects of the agents remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on retinal vascular endothelial cells and expressions of VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in PDR.


METHODS
Twenty-four patients with PDR were enrolled and randomized to two groups. Twelve eyes of 12 patients of each group received either an intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab or a sham injection 6 days before vitrectomy. Neovascular membranes (NVMs) were collected during pars plana vitrectomy. The numbers of vascular endothelial cells in the NVMs were counted after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and von Willebrand. The expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α in the NVMs were detected through immunohistochemistry. Ten epiretinal membrane specimens from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) without IVB treatment were set as an additional control.


RESULTS
The number of vascular endothelial cells in NVMs of the IVB pretreated group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (21.5±3.94 versus 41.33±7.44, p=0.003). The IVB pretreated group also showed significantly lower levels of VEGF and HIF-1α in NVMs than those of the sham group (P(HIF-1α)=0.02, P(VEGF)<0.001). A stepwise regression analysis showed that IVB was a significant negative predictor for the numbers of vascular endothelial cells (β=-0.89, p<0.001) and the expressions of VEGF (β=-0.85, p<0.001) and HIF-1α (β=-0.64, p=0.001) in PDR patients. Epiretinal membranes of the PVR group showed negative staining of VEGF and HIF-1α.


CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment with IVB in patients with PDR significantly decreased vascular endothelial cells and expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α, which further supports preoperative use of IVB in such patients.
Nightlife young risk behaviours in Mediterranean versus other European cities: are stereotypes true?

BACKGROUND
Mediterranean lifestyle has long been hailed as protective against certain risk behaviours and diseases. Mediterranean drinking patterns of moderate alcohol consumption as part of daily life have often been assumed to protect young people from harmful alcohol consumption, in contrast to Northern European drinking patterns. Nightlife environments are strong related to alcohol and drugs use, and other health risk behaviours but few cross-national studies have been undertaken amongst young Europeans frequenting bars and nightclubs. This study aims to understand differences in nightlife risk-taking behaviours between young nightlife users from Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean cultures, including alcohol and illicit drug use, unprotected sex, violence and driving under the influence of alcohol.


METHODS
A total of 1363 regular nightlife users aged 16-35 years were surveyed in nine European cities by means of a self-reported questionnaire. Sample selection was done through respondent driven sampling techniques.


RESULTS
after controlling for demographic variables, no differences among the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean samples were found in current alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or cocaine use, neither in violent behaviours, but Northern people were more likely to get drunk [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.53], while Mediterranean were more likely to have unprotected sex (AOR = 2.01) and to drive drunken (AOR = 5.86).


CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that stereotypes are partially confirmed, and that Mediterranean lifestyle is protective for some risk behaviours (drunkenness, ecstasy and amphetamines current use), but not for all of them. Further research in depth is needed in order to clarify the relations between cultural patterns, social norms and nightlife risk behaviours assumed by the young people.
Cycloid vs. harmonic drives for use in high ratio, single stage robotic transmissions

Harmonic and cycloid drives are both compact, high ratio transmissions appropriate for use in anthropomorphic robots, although cycloid drives are rarely used in the field. This paper describes the design parameters for cycloid drives and shows the results of six cycloid models designed to match corresponding harmonic drives. Cycloid drive models were compared with manufacturing data from corresponding harmonic drives with respect to maximum gear ratio, transmission thickness, efficiency, backlash/gear ratio ripple, and reflected inertia. Cycloid drive designs were found to be thinner, more efficient, and to have lower reflected inertia than corresponding harmonic drives. However, the cycloid designs had larger gear ratio ripple and substantial backlash, and they could not meet the maximum gear ratio provided by the corresponding harmonic drives in two out of six models for equal applied torques. Two cycloid drives were manufactured to confirm efficiency predictions and demonstrated moderate to high efficiency across a range of output torques. Cycloid drives should be considered for robotic and prosthetic applications where smaller thickness/higher efficiency requirements dominate over low backlash/gear ratio ripple considerations.
Grounded situation models for situated conversational assistants

A Situated Conversational Assistant (SCA) is a system with sensing, acting and speech synthesis/recognition abilities, which engages in physically situated natural language conversation with human partners and assists them in carrying out tasks. This thesis addresses some prerequisites towards an ideal truly cooperative SCA through the development of a computational model of embodied, situated language agents and implementation of the model in the form of an interactive, conversational robot. The proposed model produces systems that are capable of a core set of situated natural language communication skills, and provides leverage for many extensions towards the ideal SCA, such as mind reading skills. The central idea is to endow agents with a sensor-updated "structured blackboard" representational structure called a Grounded Situation Model (GSM), which is closely related to the cognitive psychology notion of situation models. The GSM serves as a workspace with contents similar to a "theatrical stage" in the agent’s "mind". The GSM may be filled either with the contents of the agent’s present here-and-now physical situation, or a past situation that is being recalled, or an imaginary situation that is being described or planned. Furthermore, the GSM contains descriptions of both physical (such as objects) as well as mental aspects of situations (such as beliefs of others). Most importantly, the proposed GSM design enables bidirectional translation between linguistic descriptions and perceptual data / expectations. To demonstrate viability, an instance of the model was implemented on a manipulator robot with touch, vision, and speech synthesis/recognition. The robot grasps the semantics of a range of words and speech acts related to cooperative manipulation of objects on a table top situated between the robot and human. The robot’s language comprehension abilities are comparable to those implied by a standard and widely used test of children’s language comprehension (the Token Test), and in some directions also surpass those abilities. Not only the viability but also the effectiveness of the GSM proposal is thus demonstrated, through a real-world autonomous robot that performs compa-
SHILLING ATTACK DETECTION IN RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS USING CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

Collaborative filtering based recommender system is prone to shilling attacks because of its open nature. Shillers inject pseudonomous profiles in the system’s database with the intent of manipulating the recommendations to their benefits. Prior study has shown that the system’s behavior can be easily influenced by even a less number of shilling profiles. In this paper, we simulated various attack models on Movie-Lens 1 dataset and used machine learning techniques to detect the attacks. We compared five classification algorithms and proposed a new model by integrating two models with high performances. In our experiments, we investigated and proved that the combination of random forest and adaptive boosting algorithm is more accurate than simple random forest model. Keywords— Collaborative filtering, recommender system, shilling attack, prediction shift, precision, recall, fmeasure, classification