LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
QTL mapping of pod tenderness and total soluble solid in yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv.-gr. sesquipedalis]

Yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata cv.-gr. sesquipedalis] is an important vegetable legume, particularly in Asia. Tenderness and sweetness of fresh pods are the key factors in deciding the commercial acceptance of yardlong bean. We report here for the first time quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of these traits from crosses between the yardlong bean accession JP81610 and wild cowpea (V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. spontanea) accession JP89083. Two SSR-based linkage maps developed from BC1F1 [(JP81610 × JP89083) × JP81610] and F2 (JP81610 × JP89083) populations were used for QTL analysis of pod tenderness and total soluble solid (TSS) content. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified three QTLs for pod tenderness with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) of 5.6–50 % and alleles from JP81610 increased the tenderness. CIM detected two QTLs for pod TSS with PVE of 7 and 9 %, and alleles from JP89083 increased TSS. Locations of these QTLs were compared with those of QTLs controlling domestication-related traits identified in the same populations. All QTLs for pod tenderness co-localized with QTLs for pod length. QTLs for pod TSS co-located with QTLs for pod dehiscence and/or pod length. The implications of these QTLs in breeding new yardlong bean and cowpea cultivars are discussed.
Compensation mechanism in tumor cell migration

Invasive tumor dissemination in vitro and in vivo involves the proteolytic degradation of ECM barriers. This process, however, is only incompletely attenuated by protease inhibitor-based treatment, suggesting the existence of migratory compensation strategies. In three-dimensional collagen matrices, spindle-shaped proteolytically potent HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and MDA-MB-231 carcinoma cells exhibited a constitutive mesenchymal-type movement including the coclustering of beta 1 integrins and MT1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) at fiber bindings sites and the generation of tube-like proteolytic degradation tracks. Near-total inhibition of MMPs, serine proteases, cathepsins, and other proteases, however, induced a conversion toward spherical morphology at near undiminished migration rates. Sustained protease-independent migration resulted from a flexible amoeba-like shape change, i.e., propulsive squeezing through preexisting matrix gaps and formation of constriction rings in the absence of matrix degradation, concomitant loss of clustered beta 1 integrins and MT1-MMP from fiber binding sites, and a diffuse cortical distribution of the actin cytoskeleton. Acquisition of protease-independent amoeboid dissemination was confirmed for HT-1080 cells injected into the mouse dermis monitored by intravital multiphoton microscopy. In conclusion, the transition from proteolytic mesenchymal toward nonproteolytic amoeboid movement highlights a supramolecular plasticity mechanism in cell migration and further represents a putative escape mechanism in tumor cell dissemination after abrogation of pericellular proteolysis.
Collective Knowledge Engineering with Semantic Wikis

In the paper application of semantic wikis as knowledge engineering tool in a collaborative environment is considered. Selected aspects of semantic wikis are discussed. The main apparent limitation of existing semantic wikis is the lack of expressive knowledge representation mechanism. Building a knowledge base with a semantic wiki becomes complicated because of its collective nature, where number of users collaborate in the knowledge engineering process. A need for knowledge evaluation and analysis facilities become clear. The paper discusses a new semantic wiki architecture called PlWiki. The most important concept is to provide a strong knowledge representation and reasoning with Horn clauses-based representation. The idea is to use Prolog clauses on the lower level to represent facts and relations, as well as define rules on top of them. On the other hand a higher-level Semantic Web layer using RDF support is provided. This allows for compatibility with Semantic Media Wiki while offering improved representation and reasoning capabilities. Another important idea is provide an extension to already available flexible wiki solution (DokuWiki) instead of modifying existing wiki engine. Using the presented architecture it is possible to analyze rule-based knowledge stored in the wiki. 1 2
Alkaline pulping of wood and lignin model compounds in aqueous DMSO ; A mechanistic study of DMSO pulping reactions of lignin model compounds

Abstract Lignin model fragmentation studies done in alkaline aqueous DMSO exhibited a high degree of β-aryl ether cleavage, a degree equal to that of a comparable soda/AQ system. Pulping studies with loblolly pine in aqueous DMSO demonstrated that DMSO accelerates delignification, but the quantities required appear Impractical. Several lignin model compounds have been heated at 150°C with alkali in aqueous DMSO to give complex product mixtures containing oxidation, reduction, and methyl sulfide addition products. Low temperature reactions of DMSO and dirasyl anion with in situ generated quinonemethides afforded unique products. Reactions attributed to DMSO were not observed when an oxidized analog, dimethylsulfone, was substituted for the DMSO.
Next Generation Benchmark Control Problem for Seismically Excited Buildings

This paper presents the problem definition and guidelines of the next generation stru control benchmark problem for seismically excited buildings. Focusing on a 20-story steel s ture representing a typical midto high-rise building designed for the Los Angeles, Califo region, the goal of this study is to provide a clear basis to evaluate the efficacy of various tural control strategies. An evaluationmodel has been developed that portrays the salient feat of the structural system. Control constraints and evaluation criteria are presented for the problem. The task of each participant in this benchmark study is to define (including devices sors and control algorithms), evaluate and report on their proposed control strategies. Thes egies may be either passive, active, semi-active or a combination thereof. A simulation pro has been developed and made available to facilitate direct comparison of the efficiency and of the various control strategies. To illustrate some of the design challenges a sample contr tem design is presented, although this sample is not intended to be viewed as a comp design. Introduction The protection of civil structures, including material content and human occupants, is out a doubt a world-wide priority. The extent of protection may range from reliable operation occupant comfort to human and structural survivability. Civil structures, including existing future buildings, towers and bridges, must be adequately protected from a variety of e including earthquakes, winds, waves and traffic. The protection of structures is now moving relying entirely on the inelastic deformation of the structure to dissipate the energy of s dynamic loadings, to the application of passive, active and semi-active structural control de to mitigate undesired responses to dynamic loads. In the last two decades, many control algorithms and devices have been proposed fo engineering applications (Soong 1990; Housner, et al. 1994; Soong and Constantinou 199 Fujino,et al. 1996; Spencer and Sain 1997), each of which has certain advantages, depend the specific application and the desired objectives. At the present time, structural control res is greatly diversified with regard to these specific applications and desired objectives. A com basis for comparison of the various algorithms and devices does not currently exist. Deter 1. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg. and Geo. Sci., Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0767. 2. Doc. Cand., Dept. of Civil Engrg. and Geo. Sci., Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0767. 3. Assist. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg., Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63130-4899. March 22, 1999 1 Spencer, et al.
Features of Pre-Kindergarten Programs, Classrooms, and Teachers: Do They Predict Observed Classroom Quality and Child-Teacher Interactions?

This study draws from the National Center for Early Development and Learning’s Multi-State Pre-Kindergarten Study to examine the extent to which program, classroom, and teacher attributes of the program ecology predict observed quality and teacher–child interactions in a sample of 238 classrooms representing 6 states’ pre-kindergarten programs. Quality was assessed observationally at the global level and for specific teaching practices. Quality was lower in classrooms with more than 60% of the children from homes below the poverty line, when teachers lacked formal training (or a degree) in early childhood education, and held less child-centered beliefs. Program and teacher attributes were statistically significant, albeit quite modest, predictors of observed quality. Location of the program in a school building, child:staff ratio, and length of day had no relation to quality. State-level factors not attributable to the teacher, program, and classroom factors examined accounted for the majority of explained variance in observed quality. Results suggest that the association between distal features of programs and teachers and quality in pre-kindergarten is more similar to elementary school settings than to child care settings and that quality appears most closely related to proximal teacher and child characteristics.
Brain morphology in Klinefelter syndrome: extra X chromosome and testosterone supplementation.

OBJECTIVE
This study focuses on variation in brain morphology associated with supernumerary X chromosome and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Using an unselected birth cohort of KS subjects and high-resolution MRI, the authors investigated the neuroanatomic consequences of the 47,XXY karyotype in the presence and absence of exogenous testosterone supplementation.


METHODS
Regional brain volumes were measured in 10 subjects with KS and 10 age-matched control men. Five of the KS subjects had received testosterone supplementation since puberty (KS+T) and five had not (KS-T).


RESULTS
KS subjects showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction in left temporal lobe gray matter volumes compared with normal control subjects. Differences in left temporal gray volumes were also significant between the KS+T and KS-T groups (p < 0.01). Verbal fluency scores were significantly different between the KS+T and KS-T groups as well.


CONCLUSION
Supernumerary X chromosome material in men is associated with a reduction in left temporal lobe gray matter, a finding that is consistent with the verbal and language deficits associated with KS. Also, relative preservation of gray matter in the left temporal region is associated with exposure to exogenous androgen during development. A history of testosterone supplementation also appears to be associated with increased verbal fluency scores in KS patients.
Kinematic and Kinetic Profiles of Trunk and Lower Limbs during Baseball Pitching in Collegiate Pitchers.

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the trunk and lower extremities during baseball pitching in collegiate baseball pitchers, in relation to differences in the pitched ball velocity. The subjects were 30 collegiate baseball pitchers aged 18 to 22 yrs, who were assigned to high- (HG, 37.4 ± 0.8 m·s(-1)) and low-pitched-ball-velocity groups (LG, 33.3 ± 0.8 m·s(-1)). Three-dimensional motion analysis with a comprehensive lower-extremity model was used to evaluate kinematic and kinetic parameters during baseball pitching. The ground-reaction forces (GRF) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using two multicomponent force plates. The joint torques of hip, knee, and ankle were calculated using inverse-dynamics computation of a musculoskeletal human model. To eliminate any effect of variation in body size, kinetic and GRF data were normalized by dividing them by body mass. The maxima and minima of GRF (Fy, Fz, and resultant forces) on the pivot and stride leg were significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Fy, Fz, and resultant forces on the stride leg at maximum shoulder external rotation and ball release were significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (p < 0.05). The hip abduction, hip internal rotation and knee extension torques of the pivot leg and the hip adduction torque of the stride leg when it contacted the ground were significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (p < 0.05). These results indicate that, compared with low-ball-velocity pitchers, high-ball-velocity pitchers can generate greater momentum of the lower limbs during baseball pitching. Key pointsHigh-ball-velocity pitchers are characterized by greater momentum of the lower limbs during pitching motion.For high-pitched-ball velocity, stabilizing lower limbs during pitching plays an important role in order to increase the rotation and forward motion of the trunk.Computation of the lower-extremity kinetics and measurement of lower-extremity strength may help clarify the role of muscle strength in determining knee and hip function in baseball pitching.
Modeling and prediction of machining quality in CNC turning process using intelligent hybrid decision making tools

Decision-making process in manufacturing environment is increasingly difficult due to the rapid changes in design and demand of quality products. To make decision making process (selection of machining parameters) online, effective and efficient artificial intelligent tools like neural networks are being attempted. This paper proposes the development of neural network models for prediction of machining parameters in CNC turning process. Experiments are designed based on Taguchi’s Design of Experiments (DoE) and conducted with cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius as the process parameters and surface roughness and power consumption as objectives. Results from experiments are used to train aguchi method eural network enetic algorithm article swarm optimization esponse Surface Methodology ower consumption the developed neuro based hybrid models. Among the developed models, performance of neural network model trained with particle swarm optimization model is superior in terms of computational speed and accuracy. Developed models are validated and reported. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of responses are calculated to identify the influences of process parameters using analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. The developed model can be used in automotive industries for deciding the machining parameters to attain quality with minimum power consumption and hence maximum productivity. urface roughness
Disease activity and cognition in rheumatoid arthritis: an open label pilot study

INTRODUCTION
We hypothesised that fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to TNF-alpha induced dysregulation of cerebral blood flow. Our objectives were to assess fatigue, cognitive function and cerebral blood flow before and after initiation of anti-TNF treatment.


METHODS
In a pilot study, 15 patients initiating treatment with adalimumab were assessed for fatigue using a visual analogue scale (FACIT-F), cognitive function using a panel of psychometric tests and regional cerebral blood flow using MR perfusion imaging.


RESULTS
Patients improved clinically after anti-TNF therapy in terms of DAS28 and FACIT-F. Furthermore significant improvements were documented in full scale, verbal and performance IQ following therapy. There was a non-significant trend towards reduced cerebral perfusion in both grey and white matter, and fatigue at 3 months correlated with cerebral blood flow in white (p = 0.014) and grey (p = 0.005) matter.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate for the first time a significant improvement in cognitive function following effective treatment of RA. Although we observed minor reductions in cerebral blood flow, and a correlation between cerebral blood flow and fatigue, a larger, controlled study would be required to affirm a causal relationship.
The software engineering class builds a GUI for subversion

The authors describe a software engineering course in which undergraduate students produced a GUI frontend to Subversion, a popular open source version control system. Three teams implemented the project by shelling out to the command line and one team used TkSVN. A download of the course materials and a project implementation are provided.
Surface electromyography: Detection and recording

When detecting and recording the EMG signal, there are two main issues of concern that influence the fidelity of the signal. The first is the signal to noise ratio. That is, the ratio of the energy in the EMG signal to the energy in the noise signal. In general, noise is defined as electrical signals that are not part of the wanted EMG signal. The other is the distortion of the signal, meaning that the relative contribution of any frequency component in the EMG signal should not be altered. It is well established that the amplitude of the EMG signal is stochastic (random) in nature and can be reasonably represented by a Gausian distribution function. The amplitude of the signal can range from 0 to 10 mV (peak-to-peak) or 0 to 1.5 mV (rms). The usable energy of the signal is limited to the 0 to 500 Hz frequency range, with the dominant energy being in the 50-150 Hz range. Usable signals are those with energy above the electrical noise level. An example of the frequency spectrum of the EMG signal is presented in Figure 1. Figure 1: Frequency spectrum of the EMG signal detected from the Tibialis Anterior muscle during a constant force isometric contraction at 50% of voluntary maximum.
Antiosteoporotic Effects and Proteomic Characterization of the Target and Mechanism of an Er-Xian Decoction on Osteoblastic UMR-106 and Osteoclasts Induced From RAW264.7

Er-Xian Decoction (EXD) has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis disorders, menopausal syndrome, and other aging diseases in the Chinese traditional healthcare system. However, the targets and mechanism of action have not been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the effects and possible target proteins of EXD on osteoblastic UMR-106 cells and osteoclasts induced from RAW264.7 cells using the proteomic analysis technique. We found that EXD at a concentration of 50-200 microg/mL significantly enhanced osteoblastic UMR-106 cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of bone nodules, and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the bone resorption action of osteoclasts induced from RAW 264.7 cells. In EXD-treated osteoblasts, there were increases in the expression of heat-shock protein 1, high mobility group protein (Hmgb1), acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, histone 2, carbonyl reductase 1, ATP synthase, aldolase A, and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)-alpha; and reduction in the expression of carbonic anhydrase 3, prohibitin, hemiferrin, far upstream element (FUSE)-binding protein. In EXD-treated osteoclasts, there were increases in the expression of vimentin, protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 and alpha-fetoprotein; and reduction in the expression of calnexin. These results indicated that EXD modulates bone metabolism through regulation of osteoblastic proliferation, apoptosis, and cell activation, and osteoclastic protein folding and aggregation.
Prescribing of pain medication in palliative care. A survey in general practice.

PURPOSE
To examine what pain and adjuvant medication is prescribed in palliative care patients at home in The Netherlands.


METHODS
In a nationwide, representative, prospective study in general practice in The Netherlands, prescribed medication was registered in 95 general practices with a listed population of 374 070 patients. The GPs identified those who received palliative care in a retrospective survey of the 2169 patients who died within the 1-year study period. We analysed the analgesics, laxatives and anti-emetics that were prescribed during the last 3 months of life for these patients.


RESULTS
The response rate of the survey was 74%. 425 patients received palliative care and 73% of them were prescribed pain medication: 55% a non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, NSAIDs), 21% a weak opioid (tramadol, codeine), and 51% a strong opioid. Relatively more younger than older patients were prescribed strong opioids, and more cancer than non-cancer patients were prescribed an analgesic. During the last 3 months of life, the proportion of patients prescribed a non-opioid or a weak opioid increased gradually. The proportion of patients prescribed a strong opioid increased considerably nearing the patient's death. About one third of the non-cancer patients were prescribed strong opioids, mostly commencing in the last 2 weeks before death. In 48% of all patients with an opioid prescription, the GP did not prescribe a laxative.


CONCLUSIONS
Weak opioids and laxatives are frequently omitted from pain regimens in palliative care at home in The Netherlands.
Randomized comparison of everolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents. 2-year follow-up from the SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) IV trial.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to determine whether the differences in outcomes present between everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) in the SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) IV trial at 1 year were sustained with longer-term follow-up.


BACKGROUND
In the SPIRIT IV trial, patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who were randomized to EES compared with PES experienced lower 1-year rates of target lesion failure (cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization [TLR]), with significant reductions in the individual rates of MI, TLR, and stent thrombosis.


METHODS
We prospectively randomized 3,687 patients with up to 3 noncomplex previously untreated native coronary artery lesions to EES versus PES at 66 U.S. sites. Follow-up through 2 years is complete in 3,578 patents (97.0%).


RESULTS
Treatment with EES compared with PES reduced the 2-year rates of TLF (6.9% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.003), all MI (2.5% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.02), Q-wave MI (0.1% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.002), stent thrombosis (0.4% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.008), and ischemia-driven TLR (4.5% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.004), with nonsignificantly different rates of all-cause and cardiac mortality. Between 1 year and 2 years, there were no significant differences in adverse event rates between the 2 stent types.


CONCLUSIONS
In the large-scale, prospective, multicenter, randomized SPIRIT IV trial, the benefits of EES compared with those of PES present at 1 year were sustained at 2 years.