LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Suicide risk in mood disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this review is to highlight the traditional and newly recognized suicide risk factors in patients with mood disorders.


RECENT FINDINGS
Current research findings clearly suggest that suicidal behaviour in patients with mood disorder is a 'state-dependent' phenomenon. Recently, there is, however, a growing body of evidence that besides the well accepted clinically explorable suicide risk factors in mood disorders (e.g., severe depression, prior suicide attempt, comorbid anxiety, substance use, personality disorders and so on), mixed state of depression could also be an important precursor of suicidal behaviour. This might be particularly true in unrecognized cases of bipolar depressives, when antidepressant monotherapy (unprotected by mood stabilizers or atypical antipsychotics) can worsen the clinical picture and rarely induce an aggressive or self-destructive behaviour.


SUMMARY
In the majority of patients with mood disorders, suicidal behaviour is predictable and preventable, with a good chance. A careful and systematic exploration of suicide risk factors in patients with mood disorder helps clinicians to identify patients at high suicide risk. A successful, acute and long-term treatment of these patients substantially reduces the suicidal behaviour even in this high-risk population.
Emotional intelligence as a predictor of academic performance in first-year accelerated graduate entry nursing students.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine the association between trait emotional intelligence and learning strategies and their influence on academic performance among first-year accelerated nursing students.


DESIGN
The study used a prospective survey design.


METHODS
A sample size of 81 students (100% response rate) who undertook the accelerated nursing course at a large university in Sydney participated in the study. Emotional intelligence was measured using the adapted version of the 144-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Four subscales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire were used to measure extrinsic goal motivation, peer learning, help seeking and critical thinking among the students. The grade point average score obtained at the end of six months was used to measure academic achievement.


RESULTS
The results demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between emotional intelligence scores and critical thinking (r = 0.41; p < 0.001), help seeking (r = 0.33; p < 0.003) and peer learning (r = 0.32; p < 0.004) but not with extrinsic goal orientation (r = -0.05; p < 0.677). Emotional intelligence emerged as a significant predictor of academic achievement (β = 0.25; p = 0.023).


CONCLUSION
In addition to their learning styles, higher levels of awareness and understanding of their own emotions have a positive impact on students' academic achievement. Higher emotional intelligence may lead students to pursue their interests more vigorously and think more expansively about subjects of interest, which could be an explanatory factor for higher academic performance in this group of nursing students.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The concepts of emotional intelligence are central to clinical practice as nurses need to know how to deal with their own emotions as well as provide emotional support to patients and their families. It is therefore essential that these skills are developed among student nurses to enhance the quality of their clinical practice.
3 year simvastatin treatment and lens nuclear back scattering.

AIM
To determine if 3 year treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with simvastatin causes an increase of lens nuclear back scattering.


METHODS
160 patients with hypercholesterolaemia in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) were followed for 3 years. Half (80) of the patients took simvastatin and half (80) received placebo. The lens was photographed with a Topcon SL-45 slit lamp camera at the beginning and at 1 year intervals. A common lens nuclear area was used for measuring lens nuclear back scattering.


RESULTS
Nuclear back scattering increased with age and there was more pronounced scattering in women than in men. Lens nuclear back scattering did not differ significantly between the simvastatin and placebo groups, but the power was low (0.2). Lens nuclear back scattering increased during the study period independently of baseline back scattering, age, and sex for both groups.


CONCLUSION
Although no significant difference was found between the simvastatin and placebo groups, the currently available data are insufficient for exclusion of the possibility that taking simvastatin during a 3 year period increases nuclear back scattering. However, a possible minor increase of nuclear back scattering is clinically irrelevant considering known beneficial effects of simvastatin on coronary heart disease.
Maternal and Pregnancy Related Predictors of Cardiometabolic Traits in Newborns

BACKGROUND
The influence of multiple maternal and pregnancy characteristics on offspring cardiometabolic traits at birth is not well understood and was evaluated in this study.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
The Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY) Study prospectively evaluated 11 cardiometabolic traits in 901 babies born to 857 mothers. The influence of maternal age, health (pre-pregnancy weight, blood pressure, glycemic status, lipids), health behaviors (diet, activity, smoking) and pregnancy characteristics (gestational age at birth, gestational weight gain and placental-fetal ratio) were examined. Greater gestational age influenced multiple newborn cardiometabolic traits including cord blood lipids, glucose and insulin, body fat and blood pressure. In a subset of 442 singleton mother/infant pairs, principal component analysis grouped 11 newborn cardiometabolic traits into 5 components (anthropometry/insulin, 2 lipid components, blood pressure and glycemia), accounting for 74% of the variance of the 11 outcome variables. Determinants of these components, corrected for sex and gestational age, were examined. Baby anthropometry/insulin was independently predicted by higher maternal pre-pregnancy weight (standardized estimate 0.30) and gestational weight gain (0.30; both p<0.0001) and was inversely related to smoking during pregnancy (-0.144; p = 0.01) and maternal polyunsaturated to saturated fat intake (-0.135;p = 0.01). Component 2 (HDL-C/Apo Apolipoprotein1) was inversely associated with maternal age. Component 3 (blood pressure) was not clustered with any other newborn cardiometabolic trait and no associations with maternal pregnancy characteristics were identified. Component 4 (triglycerides) was positively associated with maternal hypertension and triglycerides, and inversely associated with maternal HDL and age. Component 5 (glycemia) was inversely associated with placental/fetal ratio (-0.141; p = 0.005). LDL-C was a bridging variable between the lipid factors and glycemia.


CONCLUSIONS
Maternal health, health behaviours and placenta to fetal weight ratio are associated with newborn cardiometabolic traits over and above gestational age. Future investigations are needed to determine if these factors remain important determinants of cardiometabolic health throughout childhood.
Single-molecule imaging on living bacterial cell surface by high-speed AFM.

Advances in microscopy have contributed to many biologic discoveries. Electron microscopic techniques such as cryo-electron tomography are remarkable tools for imaging the interiors of bacterial cells in the near-native state, whereas optical microscopic techniques such as fluorescence imaging are useful for following the dynamics of specific single molecules in living cells. Neither technique, however, can be used to visualize the structural dynamics of a single molecule at high resolution in living cells. In the present study, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to image the molecular dynamics of living bacterial cell surfaces. HS-AFM visualizes the dynamic molecular processes of isolated proteins at sub-molecular resolution without the need for complicated sample preparation. In the present study, magnetotactic bacterial cells were anchored in liquid medium on substrate modified by poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde. High-resolution HS-AFM images of live cell surfaces showed that the bacterial outer membrane was covered with a net-like structure comprising holes and the hole rims framing them. Furthermore, HS-AFM captured the dynamic movement of the surface ultrastructure, showing that the holes in the net-like structure slowly diffused in the cell surface. Nano-dissection revealed that porin trimers constitute the net-like structure. Here, we report for the first time the direct observation of dynamic molecular architectures on a live cell surface using HS-AFM.
Sign Language to Speech Translation System Using PIC Microcontroller Gunasekaran

The advancement in embedded system, provides a space to design and develop a sign language translator system to assist the dumb people. This paper mainly addresses to facilitate dumb person's lifestyle. Dumb people throughout the world use sign language to communicate with others, this is possible for those who has undergone special trainings. Common people also face difficult to understand the gesture language. To overcome these real time issues, this system is developed. Whenever the proposed system senses any sign language, it plays corresponding recorded voice. This reduces the communication gap between dumb and ordinary people. This proposed model consist of four modules, they are sensing unit, processing unit, voice storage unit and wireless communication unit. It is achieved by integrating flux sensor and APR9600 with PIC16F877A. The flux sensors are placed in gloves, which respond to gesture. By using suitable circuit response of the sensor is given to the microcontroller based on the response microcontroller plays the recorded voice using APR9600. A snapshot of the entire system, advantage over existing methods and simulation output of the process is discussed in this work. This system offers high reliability and fast response. This method is more precise on hand movement and different languages can be installed without altering the code in PIC microcontroller. Keyword: Flux sensor, APR9600, Bluetooth, PIC Microcontroller
Computation of three-dimensional rigid-body dynamics with multiple unilateral contacts using time-stepping and Gauss-Seidel methods

A system of rigid bodies with multiple simultaneous unilateral contacts is considered in this paper. The problem is to predict the velocities of the bodies and the frictional forces acting on the simultaneous multicontacts. This paper presents a numerical method based on an extension of an explicit time-stepping scheme and an application of the differential inclusion process introduced by J. J. Moreau. From a differential kinematic analysis of contacts, we derive a set of transfer equations in the velocity-based time-stepping formulation. In applying the Gauss-Seidel iterative scheme, the transfer equations are combined with the Signorini conditions and Coulomb's friction law. The contact forces are properly resolved in each iteration, without resorting to any linearization of the friction cone. The proposed numerical method is illustrated with examples, and its performance is compared with an acceleration-based scheme using linear complementary techniques. Multibody contact systems are broadly involved in many engineering applications. The motivation of this is to solve for the contact forces and body motion for planning the fixture-inserting operation. However, the results of the paper can be generally used in problems involving multibody contacts, such as robotic manipulation, mobile robots, computer graphics and simulation, etc. The paper presents a numerical method based on an extension of an explicit time-stepping scheme, and an application of the differential inclusion process introduced by J. J. Moreau, and compares the numerical results with an acceleration-based scheme with linear complementary techniques. We first describe the mathematical model of contact kinematics of smooth rigid bodies. Then, we present the Gauss-Seidel iterative method for resolving the multiple simultaneous contacts within the time-stepping framework. Finally, numerical examples are given and compared with the previous results of a different approach, which shows that the simulation results of these two methods agree well, and it is also generally more efficient, as it is an explicit method. This paper focuses on the description of the proposed time-stepping and Gauss-Seidel iterations and their numerical implementation, and several theoretical issues are yet to be resolved, like the convergence and uniqueness of the Gauss-Seidel iteration, and the existence and uniqueness of a positive k in solving frictional forces. However, our limited numerical experience has indicated positive answers to these questions. We have always found a single positive root of k and a convergent solution in the Gauss-Seidel iteration for all of our examples.
Optimal Broadcast Channel for Data Dissemination in Mobile Database Environment

The increase number of mobile users in wireless environment affects query access time substantially. To minimise the query access time, one possible way is to employ data broadcasting strategy. In this paper, we propose cost models for both query access time over broadcast channel and on-demand channel. We examine the cost models to find optimum number of broadcast items in a channel while utilising query access time over on-demand channel as a threshold point. The optimum number indicates a point to split the broadcast cycle and allocate the data items in the new channel or else the on-demand channel outperforms the broadcast channel. The cost model involves several factors that dynamically change the optimum number of broadcast items like request arrival rate, service rate, size of data item, size of request, and bandwidth. Simulation model is developed to verify the performance of the cost model. This paper focuses on request that returns a single data item.
Behçet's Disease (Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease)

Adamantiades-Behçet's disease (ABD) is characterized by starting with oral aphthous ulceration and developing of the systemic involvements. The pathogenesis of ABD is closely correlated with the genetic factors and the triggering factors which acquire delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against oral streptococci mediated by IL-12 cytokine family. HLA-B51 is associated in more than 60% of the patients and its restricted CD8+ T cell response is clearly correlated with the target tissues. Bes-1 gene encoded partial S. sanguinis genome which is highly homologous with retinal protein, and 65 kD heat shock protein (Hsp-65) released from streptococci is playing an important role with human Hsp-60 in the pathogenesis of ABD. Although Hsp-65/60 has homologies with the respective T cell epitope, it stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ABD patients. On the other hand, some peptides of Hsp-65 were found to reduce IL-8 and IL-12 production from PBMCs of ABD patients in active stage.
Structure-guided chemical modification of guide RNA enables potent non-viral in vivo genome editing

Efficient genome editing with Cas9–sgRNA in vivo has required the use of viral delivery systems, which have limitations for clinical applications. Translational efforts to develop other RNA therapeutics have shown that judicious chemical modification of RNAs can improve therapeutic efficacy by reducing susceptibility to nuclease degradation. Guided by the structure of the Cas9–sgRNA complex, we identify regions of sgRNA that can be modified while maintaining or enhancing genome-editing activity, and we develop an optimal set of chemical modifications for in vivo applications. Using lipid nanoparticle formulations of these enhanced sgRNAs (e-sgRNA) and mRNA encoding Cas9, we show that a single intravenous injection into mice induces >80% editing of Pcsk9 in the liver. Serum Pcsk9 is reduced to undetectable levels, and cholesterol levels are significantly lowered about 35% to 40% in animals. This strategy may enable non-viral, Cas9-based genome editing in the liver in clinical settings.
Recent Advances in Probabilistic Graphical Models

Probabilistic graphical models constitute a fundamental tool for the development of intelligent systems. They provide a sound and well-founded approach for performing inference and belief updating in complex domains endowed with uncertainty. A probabilistic graphical model is the result of the combination of a qualitative component (a graph) encoding conditional independence relationships among the variables in the system and a quantitative component consisting of a collection of local probability distributions matching the independence properties specified by the graph. The union of the two components provides a compact representation of the joint probability distribution over the domain being modeled. Bayesian networks are the most prominent type of probabilistic graphical models and have experienced a remarkable methodological development during the past two decades. This has come along with a wide variety of successful applications in different domains. Regardless of the increasing interest in the area, probabilistic graphical models are still facing a number of challenges, covering modeling, inference and learning. This special issue contains seven papers that contribute to the methodological development beyond the current state-of-the-art knowledge. Five of the papers were selected among the contributions presented at the 15th Conference of the Spanish Association of Artificial Intelligence (CAEPIA’2013, Madrid, Spain, September 17–20, 2013). These papers were substantially extended and went through a new and strict review process. The other two papers were invited contributions not presented at the conference and went through the same review process. The first three papers deal with hybrid models, where both discrete and continuous variables coexist. Lucas and Hommersom propose a framework for handling causal independence covering discrete and continuous variables simultaneously. The methodology is based on the convolution concept from probability theory, and the
Designing III–V multijunction solar cells on silicon

Single junction Si solar cells dominate photovoltaics but are close to their efficiency limits. This paper presents ideal limiting efficiencies for tandem and triple junction multijunction solar cells subject only to the constraint of the Si bandgap and therefore recommending optimum cell structures departing from the single junction ideal. The use of III-V materials is considered, using a novel growth method capable of yielding low defect density III-V layers on Si. In order to evaluate the real potential of these proposed multijunction designs, a quantitative model is presented, the strength of which is the joint modelling of external quantum efficiency and current-voltage characteristics using the same parameters. The method yields a single parameter fit in terms of the Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime. This model is validated by fitting experimental data of external quantum efficiency, dark current, and conversion efficiency of world record tandem and triple junction cells under terrestrial solar spectra without concentration. We apply this quantitative model to the design of tandem and triple junction solar cells, yielding cell designs capable of reaching efficiencies without concentration of 32% for the best tandem cell and 36% for the best triple junction cell. This demonstrates that efficiencies within a few percent of world records are realistically achievable without the use of concentrating optics, with growth methods being developed for multijunction cells combining III-V and Si materials.
Does Emotional Intelligence Affect Successful Teamwork

There is a growing emphasis in tertiary education that students should develop professional skills as part of their education. Skills such as problem solving, communication, collaboration, interpersonal skills, social skills and time management are actively being targeted by prospective employers as essential requirements for employability especially in team environments. Of these, employment authorities consistently mention collaboration and teamwork as being a critical skill, essential in almost all working environments. How then can students successfully practice teamwork skills in tertiary institutions in order to develop these skills? In this study, a group of final year multimedia students were investigated while completing a project-based unit, in which teamwork was an essential ingredient, couched in an authentic context. Student teams were required to develop web sites for “real” clients; with teamwork processes supported with on-line tools to monitor progress and contributions. At the end of the semester, successful and unsuccessful teams (in terms of collaboration and teamwork) were interviewed and surveyed to determine essential factors that promoted success. A framework was developed from the literature based on students’ Emotional Intelligence, and propensity to engage in collaborative teamwork. It was found that there was a strong correspondence between students’ Emotional Intelligence and team harmony.
Note on the thermal history of decoupled massive particles

This note provides an alternative approach to the momentum decay and thermal evolution of decoupled massive particles. Although the ingredients in our results have been addressed by Weinberg (2008 Cosmology (New York: Oxford University Press)), the strategies employed here are simpler, and the results obtained here are more general.
Comparison of alprazolam versus captopril in high blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED
OBJECTIVE. Anxiety is an important cause of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, the role of anxiolysis in this situation is still controversial. In this study, the relationship of anxiety with BP and the effect of anxiolytic treatment on BP were investigated. METHODS. Emergency department (ED) patients with an initial systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 100 mmHg but no end organ damage were approached for inclusion in the study. In those consenting to participate, anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral alprazolam 0.5 mg or captopril 25 mg. BP and anxiety levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h after administration of the study medication. RESULTS. Of 133 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 53 patients agreed to participate. Of these, 27 patients (50.9%) received captopril and 26 patients (49.1%) received alprazolam. The majority of the patients had a high-level trait (96.2%, n = 51) and state anxiety (81.1%, n = 43). The mean SBP and VAS-A values of both patient groups dropped significantly over the 2 h, with no significant difference between the two groups. A significant association between SBP and VAS-A scores was found (F((2,50)) = 6.27, p = 0.004).


CONCLUSION
A significant association exists between the level of BP and anxiety in hypertensive ED patients. Alprazolam is as effective as captopril in lowering BP in ED patients with an initial SBP > 160 mmHg.