LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Soil piping and catchment response

Over the 40 years, since soil piping was first considered to be a potential factor in the hydrological response of catchments, research has revealed a considerable amount about its hydrological role and its geographical, climatic and pedological distribution. Piping has been shown to be a major factor supporting the hypothesis that subsurface flow can be a significant contributor to quickflow by field experiments ranging from the United Kingdom to Canada, India and China. This research has demonstrated that, at least in some areas, soil pipes may contribute up to nearly 50% of stormwater discharge. Piping processes therefore merit inclusion within rainfall–runoff simulation models, but this has yet to be achieved. Some progress has been made in modelling pipeflow itself, but integration within a catchment model presents major problems, not least in quantifying or parameterizing the nature and distribution of pipe networks. The wider environmental implications of soil piping are also only just beginning to be recognized. These range from the effects of changing residence times on water chemistry, especially on the acidification of surface waters, to the effects of hillslope drainage patterns on soil development and vegetation diversity. Copyright  2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic-based Optimal Daily Energy Management of Microgrids in Distribution Systems

Microgrid (MG) with different technologies in distributed generations (DG) and different control facilities require proper management and scheduling strategies. In these strategies, in order to reach the optimal management, the stochastic nature of some decision variables should be considered. Therefore, we proposes a new stochastic-based method for optimal daily energy management (SDEM) of MGs considering economic and reliability aspects. The optimization aim is to minimize overall operating cost, power losses cost, pollutants emission cost and cost of energy not supply (ENS). The network is assumed to be supplied by renewable and dispatchable generators and energy storage systems (ESS). The system uncertainties are considered using a set of scenarios and a scenario reduction method is applied to enhance a tradeoff between the accuracy of the solution and the computational burden. Cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is applied to minimize the objective function as an optimization algorithm. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated through extensive numerical tests on PG&E 69-bus test distribution system. The results show that the proposed framework can be considered as an efficient tool in optimal daily energy management of smart distribution networks. Keywords—Energy management, COA algorithm, Stochastic programming, microgrids, Reliability.
Wellness as the Paradigm for Counseling and Development: The Possible Future

Article: Wellness refers to the maximizing of human potential through positive life-style choices. This holistic paradigm offers a philosophical base for counseling and development that provides guidelines for intervention and at the same time emphasizes the uniqueness of our approach as counseling and development professionals to mental health concerns. The author advocates a wellness paradigm rather than the illness-oriented medical model as being most reflective of our profession.
Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells.

Photovoltaics (PVs) consists of the harvesting of energy from sunlight and its conversion into electrical power. This technology is being increasingly recognized as one of the key components in our future global energy scenario. Limited fossil fuel resources and steadily increasing costs of supplying fossil fuels to the market induce a natural limit where renewable energies will begin to kick in as major energy suppliers. In addition, the detrimental long-term effects of CO2 and other emissions from burning fossil fuels into our atmosphere underscore the multiple benefits of developing renewable energy resources and commercializing them. The worldwide photovoltaics (PV) industry reached a cell/module production of 1200 MWp in 2004, exhibiting an average annual growth of 40% over the last 5 years [1]. The same year, this market recorded a spectacular increase of 58.5% (US$ 5.8 billion), making the industry one of the fastest growing worldwide at present. As shown in Fig. 11.1, this development is not only in Japan, but also in Europe and the USA. Besides, most Japanese, USA and European forecasts seem to agree on one point: This trend is expected to last at least for the next 30 years to come [1]. A significant capacity of about 200 GWp is forecast to be operational around the globe in 2020. This number is the equivalent of 200 state-of-the-art nuclear power plants. PV technology is only one of many alternative renewable energies such as wind, biomass, and water. However, though all of these technologies are expected to contribute significantly to the world’s energy supply in the next century, PVs possesses three key properties which make it unique: 455
Emotion-inducing approaching sounds shape the boundaries of multisensory peripersonal space

In order to survive in a complex environment, inhabited by potentially threatening and noxious objects or living beings, we need to constantly monitor our surrounding space, especially in the vicinity of our body. Such a space has been commonly referred to as one's 'peripersonal space' (PPS). In this study we investigated whether emotion-inducing approaching sound sources impact the boundaries of PPS. Previous studies have indeed showed that the boundaries of PPS are not fixed but modulate according to properties of stimuli in the surrounding environment. In Experiment 1, participants performed a simple tactile detection task of targets presented to their right hand. Concurrently, they were presented with intensity-changing task-irrelevant artificial sound sources perceived as approaching toward their body. The physical properties of the sound elicited emotional responses of either neutral or negative valence. Results showed larger PPS when the approaching stimulus had negative as compared to neutral emotional valence. In Experiment 2, we used ecological sounds which content (i.e., psychological associations to the sound producing source), rather than physical properties, elicited emotional responses of negative, positive or neutral valence. In agreement with results from experiment 1, we found larger PPS when the approaching stimuli had negative emotional valence as compared to both neutral and positive ones. Results are discussed within the theoretical framework that conceives PPS as a safety zone around one's body.
The role of basic health insurance on depression: an epidemiological cohort study of a randomized community sample in Northwest China

BACKGROUND
Little research has focused on the relationship between health insurance and mental health in the community. The objective of this study is to determine how the basic health insurance system influences depression in Northwest China.


METHODS
Participants were selected from 32 communities in two northwestern Chinese cities through a three-stage random sampling. Three waves of interviews were completed in April 2006, December 2006, and January 2008. The baseline survey was completed by 4,079 participants. Subsequently, 2,220 participants completed the first follow-up, and 1,888 completed the second follow-up. Depression symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).


RESULTS
A total of 40.0% of participants had at least one form of health insurance. The percentages of participants with severe depressive symptoms in the three waves were 21.7%, 22.0%, and 17.6%. Depressive symptoms were found to be more severe among participants without health insurance in the follow-up surveys. After adjusting for confounders, participants without health insurance were found to experience a higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms than participants with health insurance (7 months: OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.82; p = 0.01; 20 months: OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.37-2.61; p < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
A lack of basic health insurance can dramatically increase the risk of depression based on northwestern Chinese community samples.
Managing cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions.

The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence informing the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue in men treated for prostate cancer. This review considered experimental studies that included men with prostate cancer (regardless of staging, previous treatment or comorbidities), aged 18 years and over who were undergoing any treatment, or had completed any treatment for prostate cancer within the previous 12 months. Three interventions were identified for the management of cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer. Evidence from five studies including 447 participants demonstrates the effectiveness of physical activity, both aerobic and resistance exercise, and from three studies including 153 participants suggesting the benefits of psychosocial interventions including education and cognitive behavioural therapy. Health professionals require knowledge of a range of effective interventions aimed at reducing cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer and should incorporate those interventions into their patient management. Although physical activity appears to show the greatest benefit, other non-pharmacological interventions such as education and cognitive behavioural therapy have demonstrated benefit and should also be considered as a strategy in treating this debilitating side effect of cancer and its treatment.
Supervised methods for multi-relational link prediction

Many important real-world systems, modeled naturally as complex networks, have heterogeneous interactions and complicated dependency structures. Link prediction in such networks must model the influences between heterogenous relationships and distinguish the formation mechanisms of each link type, a task which is beyond the simple topological features commonly used to score potential links. In this paper, we introduce a novel probabilistically weighted extension of the Adamic/Adar measure for heterogenous information networks, which we use to demonstrate the potential benefits of diverse evidence, particularly in cases where homogeneous relationships are very sparse. However, we also expose some fundamental flaws of traditional unsupervised link prediction. We develop supervised learning approaches for relationship (link) prediction in multi-relational networks, and demonstrate that a supervised approach to link prediction can enhance performance. We present results on three diverse, real-world heterogeneous information networks and discuss the trends and tradeoffs of supervised and unsupervised link prediction in a multi-relational setting.
Induction of thymidine phosphorylase as a pharmacodynamic end-point in patients with advanced carcinoma treated with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and interferon alpha

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an essential enzyme for the biochemical activation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Interferon upregulates TP in vivo, although the dose and schedule of interferon for optimal biomodulation of 5-FU is not known. In this study, TP activity was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with advanced carcinoma receiving treatment with 5-FU and folinic acid. Cohorts of patients were treated with interferon alpha (IFNα), immediately prior to 5-FU/folinic acid, at doses of 3 MIU m–2, 9 MIU m–2 and 18 MIUm–2. IFNα was administered on day 0 cycle two, day –1 and day 0 cycle three and day –2, day –1 and day 0 cycle four. A fourth cohort was treated with IFNα 9 MIU m–2 three times per week from cycle 2 onwards. Twenty-one patients were entered into the study with 19 evaluable for response. Six patients (32%) had stable disease and 13 (68%) progressive disease. There were no grade-IV toxicities. TP activity was detected in PBLs from all patients with wide interpatient variability in constitutive TP activity prior to chemotherapy, and in response to IFNα. 5-FU/folinic acid alone did not induce TP activity but a single dose of IFNα led to upregulation of TP within 2 h of administration with a further increase by 24 h (signed rank test, P = 0.006). TP activity remained elevated for at least 13 days (signed rank test, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in TP activity between schedules or with additional doses of IFNα. A single dose of IFNα as low as 3 MIU m–2 can cause sustained elevation of PBL TP activity in vivo indicating that biochemical markers are important pharmacodynamic endpoints for developing optimal schedules of IFNα for biomodulation of 5-FU. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Symbol-Based Control of a Ball-on-Plate Mechanical System

Title of Thesis: SYMBOL-BASED CONTROL OF A BALL-ON-PLATE MECHANICAL SYSTEM Degree candidate: Phillip Yip Degree and year: Master of Science, 2004 Thesis directed by: Assistant Professor Dimitrios Hristu-Varsakelis Department of Mechanical Engineering Modern control systems often consist of networks of components that must share a common communication channel. Not all components of the networked control system can communicate with one another simultaneously at any given time. The “attention” that each component receives is an important factor that affects the system’s overall performance. An effective controller should ensure that sensors and actuators receive sufficient attention. This thesis describes a “ball-on-plate” dynamical system that includes a digital controller, which communicates with a pair of language-driven actuators, and an overhead camera. A control algorithm was developed to restrict the ball to a small region on the plate using a quantized set of language-based commands. The size of this containment region was analytically determined as a function of the communication constraints and other control system parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed control law was evaluated in experiments and mathematical simulations. SYMBOL-BASED CONTROL OF A BALL-ON-PLATE MECHANICAL SYSTEM by Phillip Yip Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2004 Advisory Commmittee: Assistant Professor Dimitrios Hristu-Varsakelis, Chair/Advisor Professor Balakumar Balachandran Professor Amr Baz c ©Copyright by Phillip T. Yip 2004 DEDICATION: To my family
The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists

Over the past decades, universities have increasingly become involved in entrepreneurial activities. Despite efforts to embrace their ‘third mission’, universities still demonstrate great heterogeneity in terms of their involvement in academic entrepreneurship. This papers adopts an institutional perspective to understand how organizational characteristics affect research scientists’ entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, we study the impact of university culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions, including intentions to spin off a company, to engage in patenting or licensing and to interact with industry through contract research or consulting. Using a sample of 437 research scientists from Swedish and German universities, our results reveal that the extent to which universities articulate entrepreneurship as a fundamental element of their mission fosters research scientists’ intentions to engage in spin-off creation and intellectual property rights, but not industry-science interaction. Furthermore, the presence of university role models positively affects research scientists’ propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activities, both directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, research scientists working at universities which explicitly reward people for ‘third mission’ related output show higher levels of spin-off and patenting or licensing intentions. This study has implications for both academics and practitioners, including university managers and policy makers.
Extending the paramedic role in rural Australia: a story of flexibility and innovation.

INTRODUCTION
This article identifies trends in the evolving practice of rural paramedics and describes key characteristics, roles and expected outcomes for a Rural Expanded Scope of Practice (RESP) model.


METHODS
A multiple case study methodology was employed to examine the evolution of rural paramedic practice. Paramedics, volunteer ambulance officers and other health professionals were interviewed in four rural regions of south-eastern Australia where innovative models of rural paramedic practice were claimed to exist. The research team collected and thematically analysed the data using the filter of a sociological framework throughout 2005 and 2006.


RESULTS
The study found that paramedics are increasingly becoming first line primary healthcare providers in small rural communities and developing additional professional responsibilities throughout the cycle of care.


CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of the RESP model would mean that paramedics undertake four broad activities as core components of their new role: (1) rural community engagement; (2) emergency response; (3) situated practice; and (4) primary health care. The model's key feature is a capacity to integrate existing paramedic models with other health agencies and health professionals to ensure that paramedic care is part of a seamless system that provides patients with well-organized and high quality care. This expansion of paramedics' scope of practice offers the potential to improve patient care and the general health of rural communities.
Ketamine use, cognition and psychological wellbeing: a comparison of frequent, infrequent and ex-users with polydrug and non-using controls.

INTRODUCTION
Preliminary research has indicated that recreational ketamine use may be associated with marked cognitive impairments and elevated psychopathological symptoms, although no study to date has determined how these are affected by differing frequencies of use or whether they are reversible on cessation of use. In this study we aimed to determine how variations in ketamine use and abstention from prior use affect neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing.


METHOD
We assessed a total of 150 individuals: 30 frequent ketamine users, 30 infrequent ketamine users, 30 ex-ketamine users, 30 polydrug users and 30 controls who did not use illicit drugs. Cognitive tasks included spatial working memory, pattern recognition memory, the Stockings of Cambridge (a variant of the Tower of London task), simple vigilance and verbal and category fluency. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess psychological wellbeing. Hair analysis was used to verify group membership.


RESULTS
Frequent ketamine users were impaired on spatial working memory, pattern recognition memory, Stockings of Cambridge and category fluency but exhibited preserved verbal fluency and prose recall. There were no differences in the performance of the infrequent ketamine users or ex-users compared to the other groups. Frequent users showed increased delusional, dissociative and schizotypal symptoms which were also evident to a lesser extent in infrequent and ex-users. Delusional symptoms correlated positively with the amount of ketamine used currently by the frequent users.


CONCLUSIONS
Frequent ketamine use is associated with impairments in working memory, episodic memory and aspects of executive function as well as reduced psychological wellbeing. 'Recreational' ketamine use does not appear to be associated with distinct cognitive impairments although increased levels of delusional and dissociative symptoms were observed. As no performance decrements were observed in the ex-ketamine users, it is possible that the cognitive impairments observed in the frequent ketamine group are reversible upon cessation of ketamine use, although delusional symptoms persist.
An Efficient Automatic Attendance System Using Fingerprint Reconstruction Technique

Biometric time and attendance system is one of the most successful applications of biometric technology. One of the main advantage of a biometric time and attendance system is it avoids "buddy-punching". Buddy punching was a major loophole which will be exploiting in the traditional time attendance systems. Fingerprint recognition is an established field today, but still identifying individual from a set of enrolled fingerprints is a time taking process. Most fingerprint-based biometric systems store the minutiae template of a user in the database. It has been traditionally assumed that the minutiae template of a user does not reveal any information about the original fingerprint. This belief has now been shown to be false; several algorithms have been proposed that can reconstruct fingerprint images from minutiae templates. In this paper, a novel fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale image. The proposed reconstruction algorithm reconstructs the phase image from minutiae. The proposed reconstruction algorithm is used to automate the whole process of taking attendance, manually which is a laborious and troublesome work and waste a lot of time, with its managing and maintaining the records for a period of time is also a burdensome task. The proposed reconstruction algorithm has been evaluated with respect to the success rates of type-I attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against the original fingerprint) and type-II attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against different impressions of the original fingerprint) using a commercial fingerprint recognition system. Given the reconstructed image from our algorithm, we show that both types of attacks can be effectively launched against a fingerprint recognition system. Keywords—Fingerprint Reconstruction, attendance management system, Minutiae Extraction
Usefulness of ultrasonography is the evaluation of thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of ultrasonography (US) for differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules and its usefulness in obviating unnecessary invasive procedures.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
From January 2012 through December 2014, a total of 321 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedures were done in 302 patients selected according to the criteria recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology guidelines and the American Thyroid Association guidelines. We analyzed the following characteristics on US: location, size, morphology, contour, consistency, echostructure, echogenicity, calcifications, and vascularization. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the relationship between the US findings and thyroid cancer.


RESULTS
The prevalence of malignancy in our study population was 5.92%. The US findings that were significantly associated with a greater probability of malignancy were microcalcifications, central vascularization, and hypoechogenicity. The US findings that were associated with a lower risk of malignancy were areas of colloid degeneration and nodule heterogeneity.


CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that decisions about whether to perform FNAB should be based on the presence of suspicious US findings found with our statistic model rather than on the size of the nodule. Thus, unnecessary FNAB procedures on nodules without suspicious US characteristics can be avoided.