LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The generation of high electric field strength RF energy using Marx generators

The Wave Erection Marx Generator is proving to be an excellent high voltage source for the direct generation of RF energy. Unfortunately, effectively radiating the impulse energy is challenging, both in efficiency and high voltage-holdoff capability. Successful efforts have been made to generate RF energy in both the Narrow Band and Ultra Wideband realm, with field strengths in excess of 1 kV/m at 100 m achieved. This paper briefly describes the impulse generator and explores its use for generating Narrow Band RF energy as well as Ultra Wideband energy. Experimental results will be presented.
Asymmetrical tetraphocomelia with radiohumeral synostosis

Ann Saudi Med 2006;26(4):318-320 Amelia is the complete absence of a limb, which may occur in isolation or as part of multiple congenital malformations.1-3 The condition is uncommon and very little is known with certainty about the etiology. Whatever the cause, however, it results from an event which must have occurred between the fourth and eighth week of embryogenesis.1,3 The causal factors that have been proposed include amniotic band disruption,4 maternal diabetes,5 autosomal recessive mutation6 and drugs such as thalidomide,7 alcohol8 and cocaine.9 We report a case of a female baby with a complex combination of two rare limb abnormalities: left-sided humero-radial synostosis and amelia of the other limbs.
Levamizole enhances immune responsiveness to intra-dermal and intra-muscular hepatitis B vaccination in chronic hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND
Hemodialysis patient are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although preventive vaccination is done routinely, the response to vaccination is low in this patient population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Levamizol, an enhancer of the immune responsiveness, on different routes of vaccination, i.e., intradermal (i.d.) versus intramuscular (i.m.), in stable chronic hemodialysis patients.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty four chronic hemodialyses patient were divided into four equal groups. The first group was received 40 microg HB vaccine intramuscularly. The second group was received 20 microg HB vaccine intradermally. The third and the fourth group received 20 microg vaccine i.m. or i.d., respectively, in three doses plus oral Levamisole (100 mg for 12 day). After one and six months from the last dose of vaccine, HBs antibody titers were measured.


RESULTS
The response rate to vaccine (HBs Antibody>10 microg/L) in the routine i.m. HB vaccination was low (60%). It increased to 70% with i.d. route. Levamisole significantly raised the response rate to 90% (P < 0.01). Also in the Levamisole groups protective HB antibody titers were maintained until the end of six months. We conclude that HD patients must be vaccinated by i.d. route and addition of Levamisole. Levamisole also increases antibody maintenance.
Tocilizumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: subanalysis of Spanish results of an open-label study close to clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES
To analyze the Spanish experience in an international study which evaluated tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in a clinical practice setting.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Subanalysis of 170 patients with RA from Spain who participated in a phase IIIb, open-label, international clinical trial. Patients presented inadequate response to DMARDs or TNFis. They received 8mg/kg of tocilizumab every 4 weeks in combination with a DMARD or as monotherapy during 20 weeks. Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab were analyzed. Special emphasis was placed on differences between failure to a DMARD or to a TNFi and the need to switch to tocilizumab with or without a washout period in patients who had previously received TNFi.


RESULTS
The most common adverse events were infections (25%), increased total cholesterol (38%) and transaminases (15%). Five patients discontinued the study due to an adverse event. After six months of tocilizumab treatment, 71/50/30% of patients had ACR 20/50/70 responses, respectively. A higher proportion of TNFi-naive patients presented an ACR20 response: 76% compared to 64% in the TNFi group with previous washout and 66% in the TNFi group without previous washout.


CONCLUSIONS
Safety results were consistent with previous results in patients with RA and an inadequate response to DMARDs or TNFis. Tocilizumab is more effective in patients who did not respond to conventional DMARDs than in patients who did not respond to TNFis.
Limited Partner Performance and the Maturing of the Private Equity Industry

We evaluate the performance of limited partners’ (LPs) private equity investments over time. Using a sample of 14,380 investments by 1,852 LPs in 1,250 buyout and venture capital funds started between 1991 and 2006, we find that the superior performance of endowment investors in the 1991-1998 period, documented in prior literature, is mostly due to their greater access to the top-performing venture capital partnerships. In the subsequent 1999-2006 period, endowments no longer outperform, no longer have greater access to funds that are likely to restrict access, and do not make better investment selections than other types of institutional investors. Nevertheless, all investor types’ private equity investments continue to outperform public markets on average. We discuss how these results are consistent with the general maturing of the industry, as private equity has transitioned from a niche, poorly understood area to a ubiquitous part of institutional investors’ portfolios. Contact information: Berk A. Sensoy, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, email: sensoy_4@fisher.osu.edu; Yingdi Wang, Department of Finance, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, email: yingdiwang@fullerton.edu; Michael S. Weisbach, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, email: weisbach@fisher.osu.edu. For helpful comments and suggestions, we thank an anonymous referee, Enrico Perotti, and seminar and conference participants at the California State University at Fullerton, Georgetown University, London Business School Private Equity Symposium, The Ohio State University, and the White House Council of Economic Advisors.
Radio frequency identification (RFID)

First conceived in 1948, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has taken many years for the technology to mature to the point where it is sufficiently affordable and reliable for widespread use. From Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) for article (mainly clothing) security to more sophisticated uses, RFID is seen by some as the inevitable replacement for bar codes. With increasing use comes increasing concern on privacy and security. Clearly there is considerable work to be undertaken before RFID becomes as pervasive as bar codes although the tempo of change is increasing rapidly. a 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessing the Prognostic Significance of Histologic Response in Osteosarcoma: A Comparison of Outcomes on CCG-782 and INT0133-A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee.

BACKGROUND
The prognostic value of histologic response for osteosarcoma may have changed with induction chemotherapy schedules over time. We hypothesized that the increased intensity of induction therapy provided on INT0133 compared to the Children's Cancer Group study CCG-782 would diminish the impact of histologic response on the risk of events after definitive surgery.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis was performed for patients aged <22 with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic osteosarcoma enrolled on CCG-782 and INT0133. Clinical factors were evaluated for association with response and outcome. Good response was defined as <5% viable tumor at resection. Associations of response, study, and postdefinitive surgery event-free survival (EFS-DS) were determined using Cox proportional hazard models. EFS-DS was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methodology.


RESULTS
Data were available for 814 patients (206 CCG-782, 608 INT0133). For good responders, 10-year EFS-DS (±SE) was 75.4% ± 7.7% for CCG-782 and 70.8% ± 3.1% for INT0133. For poor responders, 10-year EFS-DS was 39.9% ± 4.9% for CCG-782 and 58.4% ± 3.1% for INT0133. Histologic response predicted outcome across studies (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between study and histologic response was observed for EFS-DS (P = 0.011). Using proportional hazards regression, INT0133 poor responders had less risk of events compared to CCG-782 poor responders (relative hazard ratio (RHR) = 0.6:1), but good responders on INT0133 had a greater risk of events compared to CCG-782 good responders (RHR = 1.53:1).


CONCLUSION
We observed an inverse relationship between the predictive value of tumor necrosis and intensity of induction therapy, raising questions about the true prognostic value of histologic response. This highlights the need for novel markers to develop strategies for treatment in future trials.
Depressed dopamine activity in caudate and preliminary evidence of limbic involvement in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

CONTEXT
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder of childhood. There is considerable evidence that brain dopamine is involved in ADHD, but it is unclear whether dopamine activity is enhanced or depressed.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypotheses that striatal dopamine activity is depressed in ADHD and that this contributes to symptoms of inattention.


DESIGN
Clinical (ADHD adult) and comparison (healthy control) subjects were scanned with positron emission tomography and raclopride labeled with carbon 11 (D2/D3 receptor radioligand sensitive to competition with endogenous dopamine) after placebo and after intravenous methylphenidate hydrochloride (stimulant that increases extracellular dopamine by blocking dopamine transporters). The difference in [11C]raclopride's specific binding between placebo and methylphenidate was used as marker of dopamine release. Symptoms were quantified using the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales.


SETTING
Outpatient setting.


PARTICIPANTS
Nineteen adults with ADHD who had never received medication and 24 healthy controls.


RESULTS
With the placebo, D2/D3 receptor availability in left caudate was lower (P < .05) in subjects with ADHD than in controls. Methylphenidate induced smaller decrements in [11C]raclopride binding in left and right caudate (blunted DA increases) (P < .05) and higher scores on self-reports of "drug liking" in ADHD than in control subjects. The blunted response to methylphenidate in caudate was associated with symptoms of inattention (P < .05) and with higher self-reports of drug liking (P < .01). Exploratory analysis using statistical parametric mapping revealed that methylphenidate also decreased [11C]raclopride binding in hippocampus and amygdala and that these decrements were smaller in subjects with ADHD (P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals depressed dopamine activity in caudate and preliminary evidence in limbic regions in adults with ADHD that was associated with inattention and with enhanced reinforcing responses to intravenous methylphenidate. This suggests that dopamine dysfunction is involved with symptoms of inattention but may also contribute to substance abuse comorbidity in ADHD.
Differential Privacy Preserving in Big Data Analytics for Connected Health

In Body Area Networks (BANs), big data collected by wearable sensors usually contain sensitive information, which is compulsory to be appropriately protected. Previous methods neglected privacy protection issue, leading to privacy exposure. In this paper, a differential privacy protection scheme for big data in body sensor network is developed. Compared with previous methods, this scheme will provide privacy protection with higher availability and reliability. We introduce the concept of dynamic noise thresholds, which makes our scheme more suitable to process big data. Experimental results demonstrate that, even when the attacker has full background knowledge, the proposed scheme can still provide enough interference to big sensitive data so as to preserve the privacy.
Eu Englargement and the Future of the Welfare State

The eastern enlargement of the EU resembles German unification in its momentousness. Whereas the latter led to a 26% increase in the population of the Federal Republic, the former will increase the population of the EU by 28% if all ten entry aspirants are accepted. A special problem will be posed by migration. Given the existing wage differences between eastern and western European countries, a massive westward migration can be expected after enlargement. A temporary east-to-west migration until the eastern countries create an efficient capital stock makes economic sense if this is driven by wage differences and meets with a flexible labour market. Migration does not make economic sense, however, !I: and to the extent that, it is induced by the current social assistance systems. Moreover, welfare-motivated migration would create competition among western European states to frighten off potential migrants, and this would lead to an erosion of the traditional social welfare state. If the EU plan incorporated limitation on the free movement of labour, beneficial migration would also cease. A better solution would be to limit access to the western social systems, at least for a transitional period, in order to filter out migration induced by differing social standards. An EU-wide application of the home-country principle in the granting of social benefits would achieve this goal.
Crustal structure beneath the central Oregon convergent margin from potential‐field modeling: Evidence for a buried basement ridge in local contact with a seaward dipping backstop

Models of magnetic and gravity anomalies along two E-W transects offshore central Oregon, one of which is coincident with a detailed velocity model, provide quantitative limits on the structure of the subducting oceanic crust and the crystalline backstop. The models indicate that the backstop-forming western edge of the Siletz terrane, an oceanic plateau that was accreted to North America-50 million years ago, has a seaward dip of less than 60ø3. Seismic, magnetic, and gravity data are compatible with no more than 2 km of subducted sediments between the Siletz terrane and the underlying crystalline crust of the Juan de Fuca plate. The data also suggest the presence of a N-S trending, 200-km-long basaltic ridge buried beneath the accretionary complex from about 43øN to 45øN. Although the height and width of this ridge probably vary along strike, it may be up to 4 km high and several kilometers wide in places and appears to be locally in contact with the Siletz terrane beneath Heceta Bank. Several models for the origin of this ridge are discussed. These include: a sliver of Siletz terrane detached from the main Siletz terrane during a late Eocene episode of strike-slip faulting; imbrication and thickening of subducted oceanic crust in place; an aseismic ridge rafted in on the subducting oceanic crust during the past 1.2 million years; and a series of ridges and/or seamounts rafted in over a longer period of time and transferred from the subducting plate to the overlying plate. The last model is the most consistent with the complicated history of local uplift, subsidence, and slope instability recorded in the ridges, basins, and banks of this part of the margin. We speculate that the massive seaward dipping western edge of the Siletz terrane in this region inhibits subduction of seamounts and sediments, resulting in fomation of buried ridge as the accumulated flotsam and jetsom of subduction. This process may also be responsible for thickening of lower accretionary complex material, oversteepening of slopes leading to massive slumping, and north-south extension through strike-slip faulting in the accretionary complex to the west of the buried ridge. Regardless of its origin, the ridge may currently be acting as an asperity inhibiting subduction.
Kirner’s deformity and clinodactyly in one family

Clinodactyly and Kirner’s deformity are generally regarded as independent anomalies. We present the first family in which both deformities are present. This concurrence raises the question as to whether these deformities are variable expressions of the same genetic disorder. However, because a conclusive genetic test could not be performed, coincidence cannot be excluded.
Mature Architecting - A Survey about the Reasoning Process of Professional Architects

Architecting is to a large extent a decision-making process. While many approaches and tools exist to support architects during the various activities of architecting, little guidance exists to support the reasoning part of decision-making. This is partly due to our limited understanding of how professional architects make decisions. We report on findings of a survey that we have conducted with 53 industrial software architects to find out how they reason in real projects. The results of the survey are interpreted with respect to the industrial context and the architecture literature. We derive reasoning best practices that can support especially inexperienced architects with optimizing their decision-making process.
Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Down-Regulates p21Waf1/Cip1 and Inhibits Curcumin-Induced Apoptosis through MicroRNA-345 Targeting in Human Hepatoma Cells

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported to regulate cellular microRNAs. The HCV core protein is considered to be a potential oncoprotein in HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, but HCV core-modulated cellular microRNAs are unknown. The HCV core protein regulates p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. However, the mechanism of HCV core-associated p21(Waf1/Cip1) regulation remains to be further clarified. Therefore, we attempted to determine whether HCV core-modulated cellular microRNAs play an important role in regulating p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression in human hepatoma cells.


METHODS
Cellular microRNA profiling was investigated in core-overexpressing hepatoma cells using TaqMan low density array. Array data were further confirmed by TaqMan real-time qPCR for single microRNA in core-overexpressing and full-length HCV replicon-expressing cells. The target gene of microRNA was examined by reporter assay. The gene expression was determined by real-time qPCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was examined by annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay.


RESULTS
HCV core protein up- or down-regulated some cellular microRNAs in Huh7 cells. HCV core-induced microRNA-345 suppressed p21(Waf1/Cip1) gene expression through targeting its 3' untranslated region in human hepatoma cells. Moreover, the core protein inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis through p21(Waf1/Cip1)-targeting microRNA-345 in Huh7 cells.


CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE
HCV core protein enhances the expression of microRNA-345 which then down-regulates p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. It is the first time that HCV core protein has ever been shown to suppress p21(Waf1/Cip1) gene expression through miR-345 targeting.
Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for the Cement Industry

This report provides information on the energy savings, costs, and carbon dioxide emissions reductions associated with implementation of a number of technologies and measures applicable to the cement industry. The technologies and measures include both state-of-the-art measures that are currently in use in cement enterprises worldwide as well as advanced measures that are either only in limited use or are near commercialization. This report focuses mainly on retrofit measures using commercially available technologies, but many of these technologies are applicable for new plants as well. Where possible, for each technology or measure, costs and energy savings per tonne of cement produced are estimated and then carbon dioxide emissions reductions are calculated based on the fuels used at the process step to which the technology or measure is applied. The analysis of cement kiln energy-efficiency opportunities is divided into technologies and measures that are applicable to the different stages of production and various kiln types used in China: raw materials (and fuel) preparation; clinker making (applicable to all kilns, rotary kilns only, vertical shaft kilns only); and finish grinding; as well as plant wide measures and product and feedstock changes that will reduce energy consumption for clinker making. Table 1 lists all measures in this report by process to which they apply, including plant wide measures and product or feedstock changes. Tables 2 through 8 provide the following information for each technology: fuel and electricity savings per tonne of cement; annual operating and capital costs per tonne of cement or estimated payback period; and, carbon dioxide emissions reductions for each measure applied to the production of cement. This information was originally collected for a report on the U.S. cement industry (Worrell and Galitsky, 2004) and a report on opportunities for China’s cement kilns (Price and Galitsky, in press). The information provided in this report is based on publicly-available reports, journal articles, and case studies from applications of technologies around the world.
Combined anteversion technique for total hip arthroplasty.

UNLABELLED
Combined cup and stem anteversion in THA based on femoral anteversion has been suggested as a method to compensate for abnormal femoral anteversion. We investigated the combined anteversion technique using computer navigation. In 47 THAs, the surgeon first estimated the femoral broach anteversion and validated the position by computer navigation. The broach was then measured with navigation. The navigation screen was blocked while the surgeon estimated the anteversion of the broach. This provided two estimates of stem anteversion. The navigated stem anteversion was validated by postoperative CT scans. All cups were implanted using navigation alone. We determined precision (the reproducibility) and bias (how close the average test number is to the true value) of the stem position. Comparing the surgeon estimate to navigation anteversion, the precision of the surgeon was 16.8 degrees and bias was 0.2 degrees ; comparing the navigation of the stem to postoperative CT anteversion, the precision was 4.8 degrees and bias was 0.2 degrees , meaning navigation is accurate. Combined anteversion by postoperative CT scan was 37.6 degrees +/- 7 degrees (standard deviation) (range, 19 degrees -50 degrees ). The combined anteversion with computer navigation was within the safe zone of 25 degrees to 50 degrees for 45 of 47 (96%) hips. Femoral stem anteversion had a wide variability.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The effect of the rate of cooling on phase changes in the 1250–1000 °C and 650–350 °C temperature ranges and on the relative volume of ferrite in austenitic welds deposited with solid G23 12L and flux-cored T23 12 LRM3 wires

Abstract In alloy steels, ferrite is formed during the solidification of the metal. Structure of the steel changes depending on the content of austenite (nickel, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, copper and cobalt) – and ferrite-forming (chromium, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, vanadium, aluminium, titanium and niobium) elements.1 According to the current state of knowledge, the structure of the weld at ambient temperature depends on the content of ferrite which existed at very high temperatures (below the liquidus curve), i.e. it depends on the ratio of the austenite–ferrite forming elements. Welds in 18–10 grade steels, after cooling to ambient temperatures, have austenitic–ferritic structures.