LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Maternal anthropometrics are associated with fetal size in different periods of pregnancy and at birth. The Generation R Study.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine the associations of maternal anthropometrics with fetal weight measured in different periods of pregnancy and with birth outcomes.


DESIGN
Population-based birth cohort study.


SETTING
Data of pregnant women and their children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.


POPULATION
In 8541 mothers, height, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain were available.


METHODS
Fetal growth was measured by ultrasound in mid- and late pregnancy. Regression analyses were used to assess the impact of maternal anthropometrics on fetal weight and birth outcomes.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Fetal weight and birth outcomes: weight (grams) and the risks of small (<5th percentile) and large (>95th percentile) size for gestational age at birth.


RESULTS
Maternal BMI in pregnancy was positively associated with estimated fetal weight during pregnancy. The effect estimates increased with advancing gestational age. All maternal anthropometrics were positively associated with fetal size (P-values for trend <0.01). Mothers with both their prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain quartile in the lowest and highest quartiles showed the highest risks of having a small and large size for gestational age child at birth, respectively. The effect of prepregnancy BMI was strongly modified by gestational weight gain.


CONCLUSIONS
Fetal growth is positively affected by maternal BMI during pregnancy. Maternal height, prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain are all associated with increased risks of small and large size for gestational age at birth in the offspring, with an increased effect when combined.
Ultra-thin , planar , Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses

We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin, planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated, 30-nm-thick gold films. The perforated nano-voids—Babinet-inverted (complementary) nano-antennas—create discrete phase shifts and form a desired wavefront of cross-polarized, scattered light. The signal-to-noise ratio in our complementary nano-antenna design is at least one order of magnitude higher than in previous metallic nano-antenna designs. We first study our proof-of-concept ‘metalens’ with extremely strong focusing ability: focusing at a distance of only 2.5 mm is achieved experimentally with a 4-mm-diameter lens for light at a wavelength of 676 nm. We then extend our work with one of these ‘metalenses’ and achieve a wavelength-controllable focal length. Optical characterization of the lens confirms that switching the incident wavelength from 676 to 476 nm changes the focal length from 7 to 10 mm, which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating light at different wavelengths within small, micrometer-scale areas. All the proposed designs can be embedded on-chip or at the end of an optical fiber. The designs also all work for two orthogonal, linear polarizations of incident light. Light: Science & Applications (2013) 2, e72; doi:10.1038/lsa.2013.28; published online 26 April 2013
Weekly ventilator circuit changes. A strategy to reduce costs without affecting pneumonia rates.

BACKGROUND
Mechanical ventilator circuits are commonly changed at 48-h intervals. This frequency may be unnecessary because ventilator-associated pneumonia often results from aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and not from the ventilator circuit. We compared the ventilator-associated pneumonia rates and costs associated with 48-h and 7-day circuit changes.


METHODS
Ventilator circuits were changed at 48-h intervals during the control period (November 1992 to April 1993) and at 7-day intervals during the study period (June 1993 to November 1993). Nosocomial pneumonias were prospectively identified using the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The annual cost difference of changing circuits at 48-h and 7-day intervals was calculated using the distribution of ventilator days for the control and study periods.


RESULTS
There were 1,708 patients, 9,858 ventilator days, and a pneumonia rate of 9.64 per 1,000 ventilator days in the control group (48-h circuit changes). There were 1,715 patients, 9,160 ventilator days, and 8.62 pneumonias per 1,000 ventilator days when circuits were changed at 1-week intervals (study group). Using a logistic regression model, there were significantly greater odds of developing a ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical patients (odds ratio 1.77, P = 0.02) and patients in critical care units (odds ratio 1.54, P = 0.05), but no significant risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients in whom circuits were changed at 1-week intervals (odds ratio 0.82, P = 0.22). Changing circuits at 7-day intervals resulted in a 76.6% ($111,530) reduction in the annual cost for materials and salaries.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no difference in pneumonia rates with ventilator circuit changes at 48-h and 7-day intervals. Ventilator circuits can be safely changed at weekly intervals, resulting in large cost savings.
Integrated Tools for Engineering Ontologies

The article presents an overview of current specialized ontology engineering tools, as well as texts’ annotation tools based on ontologies. The main functions and features of these tools, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. A systematic comparative analysis of means for engineering ontologies is presented. ACM Classification
Arthroscopic-assisted repair of avulsed triangular fibrocartilage complex to the fovea of the ulnar head: a 2- to 4-year follow-up study.

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to conduct a follow-up evaluation of an arthroscopic reattachment technique using an avulsed deep component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (dc-TFCC) from the fovea of the distal ulna (ulnar fovea).


METHODS
A retrospective study was performed on a consecutive cohort of 12 patients who underwent arthroscopic reattachment of the avulsed dc-TFCC into the ulnar fovea over a 24-month period. The mean age was 31 years (range, 20 to 50 years). There were 6 men and 6 women. This technique anchors the avulsed portion of the dc-TFCC to the ulnar fovea by means of a repair suture passed through the created osseous tunnel from the ulnar neck to the foveal surface. Postoperative clinical and functional outcomes were quantitatively evaluated with the Modified Mayo Wrist Score. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire served to assess each patient's subjective outcome. A questionnaire regarding each patient's return to his or her previous job was also completed. Radiographic evaluation was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations.


RESULTS
At the mean follow-up of 30 months, all patients had significant reduction of wrist pain. The mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score was 92.5 ± 7.5, and all patients were rated as having excellent or good clinical results. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score significantly improved from 59.5 ± 18.5 to 7.7 ± 11.9 postoperatively (P < .0001). Of the 9 working patients, 7 returned to their previous work. Two patients had occasional extensor carpi ulnaris tendinitis after surgery. Magnetic resonance images at 12 weeks postoperatively showed findings indicating attachment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) to the fovea.


CONCLUSIONS
Arthroscopic reattachment of the avulsed TFCC to the ulnar fovea by the described technique is a valid alternative for treating avulsion of the foveal TFCC insertion.
Electronic Healthcare Record and Clinical Research in Cardiovascular Radiology. HL7 CDA and CDISC ODM Interoperability

Integrating clinical research data entry with patient care data entry is a challenging issue. At the G. Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), cardiovascular radiology reports are captured twice, first in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and then in a national clinical research server. Informatics standards are different for EHR (HL7 CDA) and clinical research (CDISC ODM). The objective of this work is to feed both the EHR and a Clinical Research Data Management System (CDMS) from a single multipurpose form. We adopted and compared two approaches. First approach consists in implementing the single "care-research" form within the EHR and aligning XML structures of HL7 CDA document and CDISC ODM message to export relevant data from EHR to CDMS. Second approach consists in displaying a single "care-research" XForms form within the EHR and generating both HL7 CDA document and CDISC message to feed both EHR and CDMS. The solution based on XForms avoids overloading both EHR and CDMS with irrelevant information. Beyond syntactic interoperability, a perspective is to address the issue of semantic interoperability between both domains.
Statistical test applied to detect distortions of GNSS signals

The extremely low power of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals makes them vulnerable to disturbances and interference from external sources. These induce distortions on the correlation function that reflect upon a degraded pseudoranges measurement and poor positioning accuracy. On the other hand, the wide spread use of GNSS receivers in critical applications demands for improved performance in terms of positioning accuracy and integrity. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on the statistical testing of post-correlation measurements to detect signal distortions and to prevent degradations in the receiver positioning performance. The application of statistical tests to GNSS is not yet deeply investigated, but some recent works already show good performance when Goodness of Fit (GoF) tests are applied to raw signal samples to detect interference. The paper presents a quality monitoring algorithm, based on the application of a statistical testing, known as sign test, applied to the post correlation stage of a GNSS receiver. Promising results are obtained to detect distortions in the correlation shape, for two different harsh environments, i.e., with the presence of interference sources and under a spoofing attack. The main advantages of the proposed method are the low complexity, the indipendence from the type of disturbance and the possibility of its application to any GNSS modulation.
Second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is correlated with root third and patient age: a cone-beam computed tomographic study.

INTRODUCTION
There is little evidence supporting the use of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scanning in root canal anatomy investigation. This study aimed to investigate the presence of second mesiobuccal canals (MB2) in different thirds of the mesiobuccal root of first and second maxillary molars using CBCT scanning and to correlate findings with patient sex and age.


METHODS
A total of 100 male and female adult patients with healthy, untreated, well-developed maxillary molars were enrolled. A total of 343 teeth were analyzed in vivo using CBCT scanning: 79 right and 79 left maxillary first molars (1MR and 1ML) and 94 right and 91 left maxillary second molars (2MR and 2ML). Teeth with 3 roots were identified, and the presence of MB2 canals in different thirds was correlated with patient sex and age.


RESULTS
Maxillary molars with 3 roots showed a high percentage of MB2 canals: 1MR, 86.1%; 1ML, 91.0%; 2MR, 87.5%; and 2ML, 79.3%. MB2 canals were less prevalent in the middle and apical thirds than in the coronal third. There were no significant associations between the overall presence of MB2 canals and patient sex. Older age (ie, 51-70 years) was associated with fewer canals in 1ML and 2ML. All age groups showed fewer MB2 canals in the apical versus the coronal third.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MB2 canals decreases as the root canal approaches the apical third and as age increases. No association with sex was observed. CBCT scanning proved effective in mapping MB2 canals present in different thirds of the root.
Relations among competence beliefs, utility value, achievement goals, and effort in mathematics.

BACKGROUND
Research has shown that motivation is a key factor in the learning process as well as in school achievement. In essence, a number of researchers have highlighted the close link between motivation and achievement-related behaviours such as effort.


AIMS
The present study aims to acquire more specific information concerning the relations between competence beliefs, utility value and achievement goals in mathematics among secondary school students, to further document the influence of social agents, and to better understand the relationships between these variables, as well as to effort.


SAMPLE
Participants were 759 Grade 7 to Grade 11 students (389 males, 370 females).


METHOD
Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test a model of achievement-related behaviours (effort) in mathematics based on support from social agents, competence beliefs, utility value and achievement goals. Several self-reported scales were administered.


RESULTS
Results indicate that effort in mathematics is mainly explained by mastery goals and competence beliefs. As for the role of social agents, results demonstrated that the perception of parental support chiefly explained variables associated with the valuing of mathematics while teachers' support acted most on competence beliefs.


CONCLUSIONS
Two main conclusions stem from our results. First, mastery goals have an important and significant impact on students' effort in the learning of mathematics. Second, the nature and the strength of the relationships between competence beliefs, utility value, achievement goals and effort are not significantly influenced by age and gender, at least in mathematics.
Data mining in education

Applying data mining (DM) in education is an emerging interdisciplinary research field also known as educational data mining (EDM). It is concerned with developing methods for exploring the unique types of data that come from educational environments. Its goal is to better understand how students learn and identify the settings in which they learn to improve educational outcomes and to gain insights into and explain educational phenomena. Educational information systems can store a huge amount of potential data from multiple sources coming in different formats and at different granularity levels. Each particular educational problem has a specific objective with special characteristics that require a different treatment of the mining problem. The issues mean that traditional DM techniques cannot be applied directly to these types of data and problems. As a consequence, the knowledge discovery process has to be adapted and some specific DM techniques are needed. This paper introduces and reviews key milestones and the current state of affairs in the field of EDM, together with specific applications, tools, and future insights. C © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for an altered sex ratio in clinic-referred adolescents with gender dysphoria.

INTRODUCTION
The number of adolescents referred to specialized gender identity clinics for gender dysphoria appears to be increasing and there also appears to be a corresponding shift in the sex ratio, from one favoring natal males to one favoring natal females.


AIM
We conducted two quantitative studies to ascertain whether there has been a recent inversion of the sex ratio of adolescents referred for gender dysphoria.


METHODS
The sex ratio of adolescents from two specialized gender identity clinics was examined as a function of two cohort periods (2006-2013 vs. prior years). Study 1 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Toronto, and Study 2 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Amsterdam.


RESULTS
Across both clinics, the total sample size was 748. In both clinics, there was a significant change in the sex ratio of referred adolescents between the two cohort periods: between 2006 and 2013, the sex ratio favored natal females, but in the prior years, the sex ratio favored natal males. In Study 1 from Toronto, there was no corresponding change in the sex ratio of 6,592 adolescents referred for other clinical problems.


CONCLUSIONS
Sociological and sociocultural explanations are offered to account for this recent inversion in the sex ratio of adolescents with gender dysphoria.
Decreased hypocretin-1 (Orexin-A) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with myotonic dystrophy and excessive daytime sleepiness.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a multisystem disorder with myotonia, muscle weakness, cataracts, endocrine dysfunction, and intellectual impairment. This disorder is caused by a CTG triplet expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene on 19q13. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is frequently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, sharing with narcolepsy a short sleep latency and the presence of sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Since narcolepsy is characterized by a dysfunction of the hypothalamic hypocretin system, we investigated whether patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 with excessive daytime sleepiness have abnormalities in the hypocretin system.


DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS
Six patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness and 13 healthy controls without a sleep disorder were included. The patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 were evaluated using clinical interviews, nocturnal polysomnograms, and Multiple Sleep Latency Tests. All patients had a confirmed genetic diagnosis for DM1 and were HLA typed. Cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels were measured using a direct radioimmunoassay in patients and controls.


SETTING
University hospital sleep laboratory.


INTERVENTIONS
N/A.


MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS
The mean sleep latency on Multiple Sleep Latency Tests was abnormal in all patients (< 5 minutes in 2, < or = 8 in 4) and 2 sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods were observed in 2 subjects. All patients were HLA-DQB1*0602 negative. Hypocretin-1 levels were significantly lower in patients versus controls (p < 0.001); 1 case with 2 sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods had hypocretin-1 levels in the range generally observed in narcolepsy (< 110 pg/mL). Three cases had intermediate levels (110-200 pg/mL). Hypocretin-1 levels did not correlate clinically with disease severity or duration or with subjective or objective sleepiness reports.


CONCLUSIONS
A dysfunction of the hypothalamic hypocretin system may mediate sleepiness and abnormal Multiple Sleep Latency Test results in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1.
Assessing clinical handover between paramedics and the trauma team.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of effective clinical handover is seamless transfer of information between care providers. Handover between paramedics and the trauma team provides challenges in ensuring that information loss does not occur. Handover is often time-pressured and paramedics' clinical notes are often delayed in reaching the trauma team. Documentation by trauma team members must be accurate. This study evaluated information loss and discordance as patients were transferred from the scene of an incident to the Trauma Centre.


METHODS
Twenty-five trauma patients presenting by ambulance to a tertiary Emergency and Trauma Centre were randomly selected. Audiotaped (pre-hospital) and videotaped (in-hospital) handover was compared with written documentation.


RESULTS
In the pre-hospital setting 171/228 (75%) of data items handed over by paramedics to the trauma team were documented and in the in-hospital handover 335/498 (67%) of information was documented. Information least likely to be documented by trauma team members (1) in the pre-hospital setting related to treatment provided and (2) in the in-hospital setting related to signs and symptoms. While 79% of information was subsequently documented by paramedics, 9% (n=59) of information was not documented either by trauma team members or paramedics and constitutes information loss. Information handed over was not congruent with documentation on seven occasions. Discrepancies included a patient's allergy status and sites of injury (n=2). Demographic details were most likely to be documented but not handed over by paramedics.


CONCLUSION
By documenting where deficits in handover occur we can identify points of vulnerability and strategies to capture this information.
Memory encoding and retrieval in the aging brain.

Decline in episodic memory, the encoding and retrieval of autobiographical events, is a hallmark of normal cognitive aging. Although the primary causes of this decline remain elusive, event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have contributed to an understanding of age-related episodic memory failure. These data reveal that, although the retrieval-based episodic memory (EM) effect does not differ dramatically between young and older adults, the acquisition-related data suggest a decline in episodic encoding (i.e., semantic elaboration) with increasing age. We conclude that, at the current state of knowledge, encoding deficiencies are more important than retrieval deficits in understanding the causes of episodic memory decline in the older adult.
Accurate freeway travel time prediction with state-space neural networks under missing data

Accuracy and robustness with respect to missing or corrupt input data are two key characteristics for any travel time prediction model that is to be applied in a real-time environment (e.g. for display on variable message signs on freeways). This article proposes a freeway travel time prediction framework that exhibits both qualities. The framework exploits a recurrent neural network topology, the so-called statespace neural network (SSNN), with preprocessing strategies based on imputation. Although the SSNN model is a neural network, its design (in terms of inputand model selection) is not ‘‘black box’’ nor location-specific. Instead, it is based on the lay-out of the freeway stretch of interest. In this sense, the SSNN model combines the generality of neural network approaches, with traffic related (‘‘white-box’’) design. Robustness to missing data is tackled by means of simple imputation (data replacement) schemes, such as exponential forecasts and spatial interpolation. Although there are clear theoretical shortcomings to ‘‘simple’’ imputation schemes to remedy input failure, our results indicate that their use is justified in this particular application. The SSNN model appears to be robust to the ‘‘damage’’ done by these imputation schemes. This is true for both incidental (random) and structural input failure. We demonstrate that the SSNN travel time prediction framework yields good accurate and robust travel time predictions on both synthetic and real data. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 0968-090X/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2005.03.001 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: h.vanlint@citg.tudelft.nl (J.W.C. van Lint). 348 J.W.C. van Lint et al. / Transportation Research Part C 13 (2005) 347–369