LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of language barriers on patient satisfaction in an emergency department

To examine patient satisfaction and willingness to return to an emergency department (ED) among non-English speakers. Cross-sectional survey and follow-up interviews 10 days after ED visit. Five urban teaching hospital EDs in the Northeastern United States. We surveyed 2,333 patients who presented to the ED with one of six chief complaints. Patient satisfaction, willingness to return to the same ED if emergency care was needed, and patient-reported problems with care were measured. Three hundred fifty-four (15%) of the patients reported English was not their primary language. Using an overall measure of patient satisfaction, only 52% of non-English-speaking patients were satisfied as compared with 71% of English speakers (p<.01). Among non-English speakers, 14% said they would not return to the same ED if they had another problem requiring emergency care as compared with 9.5% of English speakers (p<.05). In multivariate analysis adjusting for hospital site, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, chief complaint, urgency, insurance status. Medicaid status, ED as the patient’s principal source of care, and presence of a regular provider of care, non-English speakers were significantly less likely to be satisfied (odds ratio [OR] 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39, 0.90) and significantly less willing to return to the same ED (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34, 0.95). Non-English speakers also were significantly more likely to report overall problems with care (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.05, 2.74), communication (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.18, 2.47), and testing (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.19, 2.64). Non-English speakers were less satisfied with their care in the ED, less willing to return to the same ED if they had a problem they felt required emergency care, and reported more problems with emergency care. Strategies to improve satisfaction among this group of patients may include appropriate use of professional interpreters and increasing the language concordance between patients and providers.
Asthmatics Exhibit Altered Oxylipin Profiles Compared to Healthy Individuals after Subway Air Exposure

BACKGROUND
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications.


OBJECTIVES
This randomized crossover study investigated responses of the respiratory system to Stockholm subway air in asthmatics and healthy individuals. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the distal lung to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators in association with exposure to subway air relative to ambient air.


METHODS
Sixty-four oxylipins representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-fluid. Validations through immunocytochemistry staining of BAL-cells were performed for 15-LOX-1, COX-1, COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Multivariate statistics were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin and immunocytochemistry data in combination with patient clinical information.


RESULTS
Asthmatics and healthy individuals exhibited divergent oxylipin profiles following exposure to ambient and subway air. Significant changes were observed in 8 metabolites of linoleic- and α-linolenic acid synthesized via the 15-LOX pathway, and of the COX product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Oxylipin levels were increased in healthy individuals following exposure to subway air, whereas asthmatics evidenced decreases or no change.


CONCLUSIONS
Several of the altered oxylipins have known or suspected bronchoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible reduced anti-inflammatory response in asthmatics following exposure to subway air. These observations may have ramifications for sensitive subpopulations in urban areas.
Temperature Control using Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic may be considered as an assortment of decision making techniques. In many applications like process control, the algorithm’s outcome is ruled by a number of key decisions which are made in the algorithm. Defining the best decision requires extensive knowledge of the system. When experience or understanding of the problem is not available, optimising the algorithm becomes very difficult. This is the reason why fuzzy logic is useful.
Medication errors in psychiatric patients boarded in the emergency department.

BACKGROUND
Patients boarded in the emergency department (ED) with psychiatric complaints may be at risk for medication errors. However, no studies exist to characterize the types of errors and risk factors for errors in these patients.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize medication errors in psychiatric patients boarded in ED, and to identify risk factors associated with these errors.


METHODS
A prospective observational study conducted in a community ED included all patients seen in the ED for primary psychiatric complaints and remained in the ED pending transfer to a psychiatric facility. An investigator recorded all medication errors requiring an intervention by an emergency pharmacist.


RESULTS
A total of 288 medication errors in 100 patients were observed. Overall, 65 patients had one or more medication errors. The majority of errors (n = 256, 89%) were due to errors of omission. The final severity classification of the medication errors was: Insignificant (n = 77), significant (n = 152), and serious (n = 3). In the multivariate analysis (R-squared 19.6%), increasing number of home medications (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.36; p = 0.035), and increasing number of comorbidities (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.27; p = 0.022) were associated with the occurrence of medication errors.


CONCLUSION
Psychiatric patients boarded in the ED commonly have medication errors that require intervention.
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor treatment of radiation-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with head and neck malignancies

Mucositis of the oral cavity and pharynx is a major dose-limiting factor in the application of radiotherapy (RT) to patients with head and neck cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the wound healing effect of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in head and neck cancer and lymphoma patients with irradiation (with or without combined chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis). Patients at Asan Medical Center who had undergone definitive RT of the head and neck region with or without combined chemotherapy and who had developed severe oral mucositis (higher than the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3) were treated with topical rhEGF twice daily for 7 days. The evaluation of response with regard to oral mucositis was performed 1 week later. Of the 11 treated patients, three had nasopharyngeal carcinoma, three had carcinoma of the oropharynx, two had carcinoma of the oral cavity, one had carcinoma of the hypopharynx and two had lymphoma of the head and neck. Six patients received RT only, and five patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. All patients showed improvements in their oral mucositis after topical treatment with rhEGF in that the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade was significantly decreased (P = 0.0000). This finding suggests that rhEGF is effective and safe for the treatment of radiation-induced mucositis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and fractionation schedule.
Are Computing Students Different? An Analysis of Coping Strategies and Emotional Intelligence

As the number of students enrolling in computing majors [computer science (CS), information systems (IS), information technology (IT)] has declined, retaining students in these curricula becomes increasingly important. Student success is important to retention, and one of the premises of this study is that meeting the challenges of demanding curricula often requires more than innate intelligence. To explore this assumption, two intrapersonal variables rarely studied in the computing field were measured: coping strategies and emotional intelligence as contributors to within-major grade point average (GPA). Based on data collected from 613 upper-level undergraduate students enrolled at multiple universities in the USA, the effects of coping strategies and emotional intelligence on academic performance were tested, with self-efficacy (SE) used as a covariate. The results indicate that SE is related to academic success for computing students. Emotional intelligence does predict SE for computing students. However, computing and noncomputing majors differed significantly on emotional intelligence and the ldquoaccommodationrdquo coping strategy. Further, the ldquochange the situationrdquo coping strategy was directly linked to academic success for noncomputing students, but not for computing students. Implications of these findings are discussed.
DIGITAL MAPPING USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED ON 2D AFFINE PROJECTION MODEL

High-resolution satellite imagery is expected to reduce cost for medium and small scale topographic mapping. Because 1m high-resolution satellite imagery has a much narrower field angle, the projection of images is nearly approximated by parallel rather than central one. In this situation, the orientation model based on affine projection is effective for satellite imagery triangulation. Furthermore under the assumption that the satellite attitude is stable and the movement of the sensor position is almost linear, 2D affine projection model is applicable to basic equations for mapping. This paper discusses the application of the 2D affine projection model to high-resolution satellite imagery and SPOT scenes at various terrain area in JAPAN. The first topic is the approach to generate ortho-imagery using the model. The second topic is the real-time image positioning on a softcopy photogrammetric workstations for satellite imagery.
Stock Market Multi-Agent Recommendation System Based on the Elliott Wave Principle

The goal of this paper is to create a hybrid recommendation system based on a Multi-Agent Architecture that will inform the trader about the future stock trend in order to improve the profitability of a short or medium time period investment. We proposed a Multi-Agent Architecture that uses the numbers of the Fibonacci Series and the Elliott Wave Theory, along with some special Technical Analysis Methods (namely Gap Analysis, Breakout System, Market Modes and Momentum Precedes Price) and Neural Networks (Multi-Layer Perceptron) and tries to combine and / or compare the result given by part / all of them in order to forecast trends in the financial market. In order to validate our model a prototype was developed.
Patient Similarity in Prediction Models Based on Health Data: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND
Physicians and health policy makers are required to make predictions during their decision making in various medical problems. Many advances have been made in predictive modeling toward outcome prediction, but these innovations target an average patient and are insufficiently adjustable for individual patients. One developing idea in this field is individualized predictive analytics based on patient similarity. The goal of this approach is to identify patients who are similar to an index patient and derive insights from the records of similar patients to provide personalized predictions..


OBJECTIVE
The aim is to summarize and review published studies describing computer-based approaches for predicting patients' future health status based on health data and patient similarity, identify gaps, and provide a starting point for related future research.


METHODS
The method involved (1) conducting the review by performing automated searches in Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science, selecting relevant studies by first screening titles and abstracts then analyzing full-texts, and (2) documenting by extracting publication details and information on context, predictors, missing data, modeling algorithm, outcome, and evaluation methods into a matrix table, synthesizing data, and reporting results.


RESULTS
After duplicate removal, 1339 articles were screened in abstracts and titles and 67 were selected for full-text review. In total, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Within included articles, hospitals were the main source of data (n=10). Cardiovascular disease (n=7) and diabetes (n=4) were the dominant patient diseases. Most studies (n=18) used neighborhood-based approaches in devising prediction models. Two studies showed that patient similarity-based modeling outperformed population-based predictive methods.


CONCLUSIONS
Interest in patient similarity-based predictive modeling for diagnosis and prognosis has been growing. In addition to raw/coded health data, wavelet transform and term frequency-inverse document frequency methods were employed to extract predictors. Selecting predictors with potential to highlight special cases and defining new patient similarity metrics were among the gaps identified in the existing literature that provide starting points for future work. Patient status prediction models based on patient similarity and health data offer exciting potential for personalizing and ultimately improving health care, leading to better patient outcomes.
Fear of new situations

What’s the best way to deal with a child who is very nervous of new situations? Dr Stephanie Thornton discusses.
QoE optimization through in-network quality adaptation for HTTP Adaptive Streaming

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is becoming the de-facto standard for adaptive streaming solutions. In HAS, video content is split into segments and encoded into multiple qualities, such that the quality of a video can be dynamically adapted during the HTTP download process. This has given rise to intelligent video players that strive to maximize Quality of Experience (QoE) by adapting the displayed quality based on the user's available bandwidth and device characteristics. HAS-based techniques have been widely used in Over-the-Top (OTT) video services. Recently, academia and industry have started investigating the merits of HAS in managed IPTV scenarios. However, the adoption of HAS in a managed environment is complicated by the fact that the quality adaptation component is controlled solely by the end-user. This prevents the service provider from offering any type of QoE guarantees to its subscribers. Moreover, as every user independently makes decisions, this approach does not support coordinated management and global optimization. These shortcomings can be overcome by introducing additional intelligence into the provider's network, which allows overriding the client's decisions. In this paper we investigate how such intelligence can be introduced into a managed multimedia access network. More specifically, we present an in-network video rate adaptation algorithm that maximizes the provider's revenue and offered QoE. Furthermore, the synergy between our proposed solution and HAS-enabled video clients is evaluated.
Validation Techniques for Fault Emulation of SRAM-based FPGAs

A variety of fault emulation systems have been created to study the effect of single-event effects (SEEs) in static random access memory (SRAM) based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These systems are useful for augmenting radiation-hardness assurance (RHA) methodologies for verifying the effectiveness for mitigation techniques; understanding error signatures and failure modes in FPGAs; and failure rate estimation. For radiation effects researchers, it is important that these systems properly emulate how SEEs manifest in FPGAs. If the fault emulation systems does not mimic the radiation environment, the system will generate erroneous data and incorrect predictions of behavior of the FPGA in a radiation environment. Validation determines whether the emulated faults are reasonable analogs to the radiation-induced faults. In this paper we present methods for validating fault emulation systems and provide several examples of validated FPGA fault emulation systems.
Evaluation of the openness of automation tools for interoperability in engineering tool chains

Interoperability describes the ability of engineering tools to collaborate across tool borders, organizational borders, and workflow phases. Therefore, it is considered as an important indicator for engineering efficiency, but is supported by today's industrial software only to some extent. The authors propose a novel method for the assessment of automation engineering tools, regarding their possibility to provide data for other software tools and to make use of the data provided by other tools. The authors have developed a metric to systematically assess and compare the openness of engineering tools. Thus, users can estimate better and for the first time based on objective criteria whether an engineering tool is suitable for a particular need within an engineering use case, and suppliers might find interesting hints towards possible improvements.
Early onset scoliosis: the value of serial risser casts.

BACKGROUND
Treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is challenging. In many cases, bracing will not be effective and growing rod surgery may be inappropriate. Serial, Risser casts may be an effective intermediate method of treatment.


METHODS
We studied 20 consecutive patients with EOS who received serial Risser casts under general anesthesia between 1999 and 2011. Analyses included diagnosis, sex, age at initial cast application, major curve severity, initial curve correction, curve magnitude at the time of treatment change or latest follow-up for those still in casts, number of casts per patient, the type of subsequent treatment, and any complications.


RESULTS
There were 8 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, 6 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, 5 patients with syndromic scoliosis, and 1 patient with skeletal dysplasia. Fifteen patients were female and 5 were male. The mean age at first cast was 3.8±2.3 years (range, 1 to 8 y), and the mean major curve magnitude was 74±18 degrees (range, 40 to 118 degrees). After initial cast application, the major curve measured 46±14 degrees (range, 25 to 79 degrees). At treatment change or latest follow-up for those still in casts, the major curve measured 53±24 degrees (range, 13 to 112 degrees). The mean time in casts was 16.9±9.1 months (range, 4 to 35 mo). The mean number of casts per patient was 4.7±2.2 casts (range, 1 to 9 casts). At the time of this study, 7 patients had undergone growing rod surgery, 6 patients were still undergoing casting, 5 returned to bracing, and 2 have been lost to follow-up. Four patients had minor complications: 2 patients each with superficial skin irritation and cast intolerance.


CONCLUSIONS
Serial Risser casting is a safe and effective intermediate treatment for EOS. It can stabilize relatively large curves in young children and allows the child to reach a more suitable age for other forms of treatment, such as growing rods.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV; case series.
Methods and tools for corporate knowledge management

This report presents a survey of some methods, techniques and tools aimed at managing corporate knowledge from a corporate memory (CM) designer’s perspective. In particular, we analyze problems and solutions related to the following steps: detection of needs of CM, construction of the CM, its diffusion (specially using the Internet technologies), its use, its evaluation and its evolution. Key-words: corporate memory, organizational memory, technical memory, knowledge management.
Exploring risk-based testing and its implications

If software cannot be tested exhaustively, it must be tested selectively. But, on what should selection be based in order to maximise test effectiveness? It seems sensible to concentrate on the parts of the software where the risks are greatest, but what risks should be sought and how can they be identified and analysed? 'Risk-based testing' is a term in current use, for example in an accredited test-practitioners' course syllabus, but there is no broadly accepted definition of the phrase and no literature or body of knowledge to underpin the subject implied by it. Moreover, there has so far been no suggestion that it requires an understanding of the subject of risk. This paper examines what is implied by risk-based testing, shows that its practice requires an understanding of risk, and points to the need for research into the topic and the development of a body of knowledge to underpin it.
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders.

OBJECTIVE
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology. Little is known about the comorbidity of this disorder with disorders other than conduct. Therefore, the authors made a systematic search of the psychiatric and psychological literature for empirical studies dealing with the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with other disorders.


DATA COLLECTION
The search terms included hyperactivity, hyperkinesis, attention deficit disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cross-referenced with antisocial disorder (aggression, conduct disorder, antisocial disorder), depression (depression, mania, depressive disorder, bipolar), anxiety (anxiety disorder, anxiety), learning problems (learning, learning disability, academic achievement), substance abuse (alcoholism, drug abuse), mental retardation, and Tourette's disorder.


FINDINGS
The literature supports considerable comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, and other disorders, such as mental retardation, Tourette's syndrome, and borderline personality disorder.


CONCLUSIONS
Subgroups of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder might be delineated on the basis of the disorder's comorbidity with other disorders. These subgroups may have differing risk factors, clinical courses, and pharmacological responses. Thus, their proper identification may lead to refinements in preventive and treatment strategies. Investigation of these issues should help to clarify the etiology, course, and outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.