LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Urban Demand for Edible Oils and Fats in China. Evidence from Household Survey Data

Using urban household-level survey data from 1992 to 1998, we provide estimates of final demand for edible vegetable oils and animal fats in three regions of China based on the LinQuad incomplete demand system. For each region, the demand for the major ìstapleî oil is price inelastic. The demand for ìcondimentî or flavoring oils is more price responsive. All edible oils and fats have positive income elasticity, but smaller than one. Using the LinQuad parameter estimates, we provide exact measures of urban consumer welfare losses associated with trade restrictions on vegetable oil imports. Consumers suffer a significant welfare loss of the order of $ 392 million (1998 dollars).
An assessment of the histological criteria used to diagnose infection in hip revision arthroplasty tissues.

AIM
To characterise the number and nature of the inflammatory cells seen in cases of septic or aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty, and to establish reliable histological criteria to distinguish between these two conditions.


METHODS
Histological examination of paraffin sections of periprosthetic tissues (pseudocapsule, femoral and acetabular pseudomembranes) of 523 cases of aseptic loosening and 79 cases of microbiology culture proven septic loosening. The cellular composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrate was determined semiquantitatively.


RESULTS
The finding of a 2+ or greater neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (one or more cells per high power field (x400) on average after examination of 10 fields) in arthroplasty tissues correlated strongly with the microbiological diagnosis of septic loosening: diagnostic sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%, accuracy 99%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 100%. The finding of a 3+ neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (five or more cells on average per high power field) had a diagnostic sensitivity of 72%, specificity 100%, accuracy 98%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 97%. In some cases of septic loosening the finding of a heavy lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate was of low diagnostic sensitivity. A neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (generally less than one cell per 10 high power fields) was also seen in cases of aseptic loosening.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of 2+ or more (more than one neutrophil polymorph per high power field (x400) on average after examination of at least 10 high power fields) in periprosthetic tissues provides the most sensitive and accurate histopathological criterion for distinguishing between septic and aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty.
Are viroids molecular fossils of the RNA world

Abstract We discuss a difficulty that may be raised against the Diener hypothesis that viroids may be interpreted as molecular fossils of the RNA world. We provide a possible way of removing such a difficulty (hence supporting the Diener hypothesis). Our reasoning entails further work by plant pathologists on a proposed search for a well-defined molecular process. It is shown that such process would be of biological and evolutionary significance.
Meropenem versus ceftazidime plus amikacin in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients: a randomized study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Meropenem is the first of a new class of carbapenems which may be administered without cilastatin. This study was performed to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerability of meropenem monotherapy (1 g/8 h) compared with the standard combination of ceftazidime (2 g/8 h) plus amikacin (15 mg/kg/day) for the empirical treatment of infective febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients.


METHODS
This was a three-center, randomized, non-blind parallel group trial. The primary objective was to compare the clinical efficacy of meropenem monotherapy with that of ceftazidime plus amikacin in the empirical treatment of febrile infective episodes in neutropenic patients. This was evaluated by the number of patients surviving on unmodified therapy at 72 h (primary end point) and by the clinical response at the end of therapy (secondary end point).


RESULTS
A total of 93 febrile episodes (46 meropenem, 47 ceftazidime/amikacin) were evaluable. Bone marrow transplant patients accounted for 49.5% of all cases. There was a high incidence of Gram-positive infections but no pseudomonal infections. Microbiologically documented infections, clinically documented infections and unexplained fever accounted for 45%, 10% and 45% of episodes, respectively. There was a similar proportion of patients in the meropenem and ceftazidime/amikacin groups on unmodified empiric therapy at 72 h (80.4% vs 76.6%, p = 0.65,) and cured at the end of therapy (37% vs 36.2%, p = 0.9). No significant difference in tolerability was observed between the groups. Meropenem was well tolerated; of note, there were no cases of nausea/vomiting or seizure related to its use.


INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
Meropenem monotherapy was well tolerated and produced response rates similar to those obtained with ceftazidime/amikacin. The low overall success rates with both treatments concur with those of other recent studies and are probably due to a combination of several factors, including the adoption of strict assessment criteria.
Randomised clinical trial: sustained response to PPI treatment of symptoms resembling functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in patients suffering from an overlap with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent gastrointestinal conditions with accumulating evidence of overlap in patients. Despite availability of a vast body of research related to individual disorders, major pharmacological breakthrough in treatment of the overlap condition is still lacking.


AIM
To assess sustainability of GERD healing and whether known beneficial effects of proton pump inhibitor treatment on GERD also extend to symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS.


METHODS
A total of 626 patients with reflux oesophagitis were treated with pantoprazole for up to 16 weeks depending on healing of GERD, followed by an observational phase of up to 6 months without treatment. Rates of patients suffering from GERD, FD or IBS were assessed at baseline, and at last visits of treatment and observational phase.


RESULTS
Rates of patients with reflux oesophagitis and concomitantly with reflux symptoms, FD or IBS were each significantly lower after pantoprazole treatment (P < 0.0001). While rates of patients with reflux signs or symptoms increased again during observational phase, rates of FD and IBS were maintained at the low level after cessation of medication (P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Pantoprazole is efficacious in the treatment of patients suffering from signs and symptoms suggesting an overlap of GERD, FD and/or IBS, providing a sustained response post-treatment in FD and IBS symptom categories. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of improvement in reflux oesophagitis on symptoms suggestive of FD or IBS still need to be determined.
Performance tests and quality control of cathode ray tube displays

Spatial resolution, noise, characteristic curve, and absolute luminance are the essential parameters that describe physical image quality of a display. This paper presents simple procedures for assessing the performance of a cathode ray tube (CRT) in terms of these parameters as well as essy set up techniques. The procedures can be used in the environment where the CRT is used. The procedures are based on a digital representation of the Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers pattern plus a few simple other digital patterns. Additionally, measurement techniques are discussed for estimating brightness uniformity, veiling glare, and distortion. Apart from the absolute luminance, all performance features can be assessed with an uncalibrated photodetector and the eyes of a human observer. The measurement techniques especially enable the user to perform comparisons of different display systems.
Ethnic Disparities in Self-Reported Oral Health Status and Access to Care among Older Adults in NYC

There is a growing burden of oral disease among older adults that is most significantly borne by minorities, the poor, and immigrants. Yet, national attention to oral heath disparities has focused almost exclusively on children, resulting in large gaps in our knowledge about the oral health risks of older adults and their access to care. The projected growth of the minority and immigrant elderly population as a proportion of older adults heightens the urgency of exploring and addressing factors associated with oral health-related disparities. In 2008, the New York City Health Indicators Project (HIP) conducted a survey of a representative sample of 1,870 adults over the age of 60 who attended a random selection of 56 senior centers in New York City. The survey included questions related to oral health status. This study used the HIP database to examine differences in self-reported dental status, dental care utilization, and dental insurance, by race/ethnicity, among community-dwelling older adults. Non-Hispanic White respondents reported better dental health, higher dental care utilization, and higher satisfaction with dental care compared to all other racial/ethnic groups. Among minority older adults, Chinese immigrants were more likely to report poor dental health, were less likely to report dental care utilization and dental insurance, and were less satisfied with their dental care compared to all other racial/ethnic groups. Language fluency was significantly related to access to dental care among Chinese immigrants. Among a diverse community-dwelling population of older adults in New York City, we found significant differences by race/ethnicity in factors related to oral health. Greater attention is needed in enhancing the cultural competency of providers, addressing gaps in oral health literacy, and reducing language barriers that impede access to care.
Social-aware hybrid mobile offloading

Mobile offloading is a promising technique to aid the constrained resources of a mobile device. By offloading a computational task, a device can save energy and increase the performance of the mobile applications. Unfortunately, in existing offloading systems, the opportunistic moments to offload a task are often sporadic and short-lived. We overcome this problem by proposing a social-aware hybrid offloading system (HyMobi), which increases the spectrum of offloading opportunities. As a mobile device is always co-located to at least one source of network infrastructure throughout of the day, by merging cloudlet, device-to-device and remote cloud offloading, we increase the availability of offloading support. Integrating these systems is not trivial. In order to keep such coupling, a strong social catalyst is required to foster user’s participation and collaboration. Thus, we equip our system with an incentive mechanism based on credit and reputation, which exploits users’ social aspects to create offload communities. We evaluate our system under controlled and in-the-wild scenarios. With credit, it is possible for a device to create opportunistic moments based on user’s present need. As a result, we extended the widely used opportunistic model with a long-term Email addresses: hflores@ee.oulu.fi (Huber Flores), rajesh.sharma@unibo.it (Rajesh Sharma), denzil.ferreira@ee.oulu.fi (Denzil Ferreira), vassilis@ee.oulu.fi (Vassilis Kostakos), jukka.manner@aalto.fi (Jukka Manner), sasu.tarkoma@helsinki.fi (Sasu Tarkoma), panhui@cse.ust.hk (Pan Hui), liyong07@tsinghua.edu.cn (Yong Li) Preprint submitted to Pervasive and Mobile Computing September 23, 2016 perspective that significantly improves the offloading process and encourages unsupervised offloading adoption in the wild.
A Study of the Cosine Distance-Based Mean Shift for Telephone Speech Diarization

Speaker clustering is a crucial step for speaker diarization. The short duration of speech segments in telephone speech dialogue and the absence of prior information on the number of clusters dramatically increase the difficulty of this problem in diarizing spontaneous telephone speech conversations. We propose a simple iterative Mean Shift algorithm based on the cosine distance to perform speaker clustering under these conditions. Two variants of the cosine distance Mean Shift are compared in an exhaustive practical study. We report state of the art results as measured by the Diarization Error Rate and the Number of Detected Speakers on the LDC CallHome telephone corpus.
Automatic Evaluation of Neural Personality-based Chatbots

Stylistic variation is critical to render the utterances generated by conversational agents natural and engaging. In this paper, we focus on sequence-to-sequence models for open-domain dialogue response generation and propose a new method to evaluate the extent to which such models are able to generate responses that reflect different personality traits.
Learning nonstationary models of normal network traffic for detecting novel attacks

Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) detect attacks by comparing current behavior to signatures of known attacks. One main drawback is the inability of detecting new attacks which do not have known signatures. In this paper we propose a learning algorithm that constructs models of normal behavior from attack-free network traffic. Behavior that deviates from the learned normal model signals possible novel attacks. Our IDS is unique in two respects. First, it is nonstationary, modeling probabilities based on the time since the last event rather than on average rate. This prevents alarm floods. Second, the IDS learns protocol vocabularies (at the data link through application layers) in order to detect unknown attacks that attempt to exploit implementation errors in poorly tested features of the target software. On the 1999 DARPA IDS evaluation data set [9], we detect 70 of 180 attacks (with 100 false alarms), about evenly divided between user behavioral anomalies (IP addresses and ports, as modeled by most other systems) and protocol anomalies. Because our methods are unconventional there is a significant non-overlap of our IDS with the original DARPA participants, which implies that they could be combined to increase coverage.
Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors on Four Major Isomers of Boswellic Acid in Callus Culture of 'Boswellia serrata' Roxb

Boswellia serrata Roxb. is an endangered plant, known for its medicinal properties. Enhancing accumulation of the active metabolite, boswellic acid using tissue culture techniques seems a promising approach. This study examined effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on production of four major components of boswellic acids, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBBA), acetyl-11-keto-βboswellic acid (AKBBA), β-boswellic acid (BBA) and acetyl-βboswellic acid (ABBA) in callus culture. Cultures were established from embryo explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.5 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 15 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 200 mg l polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillin notatum, Mucor sp. and yeast extract were among the biotic elicitors and sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), ultraviolet light (UV-C) exposure and light intensity were among the abiotic elicitors used. Treatment with elicitors was found to inhibit growth of callus and concurrently enhance boswellic acid biosynthesis. Yeast extract (500 mg l) was found to be the most superior biotic elicitor for accumulation of KBBA (27-fold), AKBBA (23-fold), BBA (42-fold) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (750 mg l) for ABBA (37-fold). Among abiotic elicitors, the optimum content of AKBBA (10-fold) was detected at 10 mg l of Na2SO4 and KBBA (10-fold) at 15 mg l -1 of Na2SO4. An exposure time of UV-C (5 min) was effective for production and accumulation of AKBBA (10-fold) and BBA (7-fold) in the callus culture. The present study is the first to report in vitro production of boswellic acid from callus cultures of B. serrata using various biotic and abiotic elicitors.
Prewarming neurosurgical patients to minimize hypotension on induction of anesthesia: a randomized trial.

PURPOSE
Prewarming prior to surgery is effective in preventing perioperative hypothermia. There is a paucity of evidence, however, regarding the hemodynamic effects of prewarming. We hypothesized that the nadir mean arterial pressure during anesthesia induction would be higher after prewarming than after no prewarming.


METHODS
We randomized 32 patients prior to elective neurosurgery to receive either one hour of forced-air convective warming at 46°C or routine care (full body blanket with convective warmer attached but not turned on). All patients had invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and core temperature monitoring before and during warming and underwent a protocolized intravenous anesthetic induction with propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusions. The primary endpoint was the nadir mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during induction. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg, MAP < 60 mmHg, or a reduction in either SBP or MAP > 20% from baseline values.


RESULTS
No difference was found in the mean (SD) nadir MAP between the prewarmed group and the control group [64 (11) mmHg vs 68 (16) mmHg, respectively; mean difference, 5 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI), -6 to 15; P = 0.36]. Similarly, there was no difference between groups in the incidence of hypotension (100% of prewarmed vs 93% of control patients; relative risk, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.23; P = 0.32) or in the requirement for vasopressors during induction (four patients in each group required metaraminol; P = 1.00).


CONCLUSION
Prewarming with convective forced air for one hour prior to intravenous anesthetic induction did not prevent hypotension during the induction period (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry [ANZCTR] ACTRN12615000431527).
IoT based indoor personal comfort levels monitoring

We present a low-cost IoT based system able to monitor acoustic, olfactory, visual and thermal comfort levels. The system is provided with different ambient sensors, computing, control and connectivity features. The integration of the device with a smartwatch makes it possible the analysis of the personal comfort parameters.
Effect of Abdominal Exercises versus Abdominal Supporting Belt on Post-Partum Abdominal Efficiency and Rectus Separation

This study was conducted to determine the effect of abdominal exercises versus abdominal supporting belt on abdominal efficiency and inter-recti separation following vaginal delivery.30 primiparous post-natal women participated in this study. Their age ranged from (25 35) years and their BMI < 30 Kg/m. Participants were assigned randomly into 2groups, participants of group (A) used abdominal belt from the 2 day following delivery, till the end of puerperium (6 weeks), while participants of group (B) engaged into abdominal exercises program from the 2 day following delivery for 6 weeks. The results of the present study revealed that although there was no statistical difference in waist circumference between both groups, participation in abdominal exercise program produced a pronounced reduction in waist/hip ratio, and inter-recti separation and also caused significant increase in abdominal muscles strength (peak torque, maximum repetition total work and average power) higher than the use of abdominal belt. Keywords—Abdominal exercise, Abdominal supporting belt, Postnatal abdominal weakness, Rectus Diastases.
Understanding User Revisions When Using Information Systems Features: Adaptive System Use and Triggers

Beaudry and Pinsonneault (2005) IT related coping behaviors System users choose different adaptation strategies based on a combination of primary appraisal (i.e., a user’s assessment of the expected consequences of an IT event) and secondary appraisal (i.e., a user’s assessment of his/her control over the situation). Users will perform different actions in response to a combination of cognitive and behavioral efforts, both of which have been categorized as either problemor emotion-focused. Whole system
Understanding Android Security

Google's Android platform is a widely anticipated open source operating system for mobile phones. This article describes Android's security model and attempts to unmask the complexity of secure application development. The authors conclude by identifying lessons and opportunities for future enhancements.
Explicit stress integration with error control for the Barcelona basic model: part II: algorithms efficiency and accuracy

The paper compares the accuracy and efficiency of explicit stress integration schemes for elasto-plastic unsaturated soil models with automatic error control. Numerical tests are performed with reference to the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM), one of the most popular elasto-plastic models for unsaturated soils, by using eight explicit Runge–Kutta algorithms of various order as well as a novel application of the extrapolation method described in the companion paper. Initially, the results obtained from the lowest order Runge–Kutta scheme (i.e. Modified Euler) as well as the extrapolation method are checked against accurate solutions of a number of BBM paths involving changes of strains and suction. Subsequently, the efficiency and accuracy of all algorithms are assessed for generic increments of strains and suction, while the difference between two alternative error control methods is also analysed. The results presented, although strictly valid for the Barcelona Basic Model, are expected to be general and relevant to other similar unsaturated elasto-plastic models formulated in terms of two independent stress variables such as net stress and suction. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A thermal model for insulated gate bipolar transistor module

A thermal resistor-capacitor (RC) model is introduced for the power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules used in a three-phase inverter. The parameters of the model are extracted from the experimental data for the transient thermal impedance from-junction-to-case Z/sub jc/ and case-to-ambient Z/sub ca/. The accuracy of the RC model is verified by comparing its predictions with those resulting from the three-dimensional finite element method simulation. The parameter extraction algorithm is easy to adapt to other types of power modules in an industrial application environment.
Spinors and Octonions

Octonions are introduced through some spin representations. The groups $G_2$, $F_4$ and the $E$ series appear in a natural manner; one way to understand octonions is as the "second coming" of the reals, but with the spinors instead of vectors. Some physical applications in $M$- and $F$-theory as putative "theories of everything" are suggested.