LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of lorcaserin: a combined analysis of the BLOOM and BLOSSOM trials.

BACKGROUND
Lorcaserin, a novel selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for weight management in combination with lifestyle modification for adults with obesity and adults with overweight and ≥ 1 weight-related comorbid condition. The safety and effectiveness of lorcaserin in adult patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus was established based on 2 phase III clinical trials of similar design: Behavioral Modification and Lorcaserin for Overweight and Obesity Management (BLOOM) and Behavioral Modification and Lorcaserin Second Study for Obesity Management (BLOSSOM). This report presents a prespecified analysis of pooled data from these trials.


METHODS
Co-primary end points in this analysis include the proportion of patients with a reduction in baseline body weight of ≥ 5% and ≥ 10%, and a change in weight from baseline. Key secondary end points include changes from baseline values in lipid parameters, quality-of-life measures, glycemic indicators, and vital signs.


RESULTS
At week 52, more than twice as many lorcaserin-treated patients achieved a weight loss of ≥ 5% compared with placebo (lorcaserin, 47.1%; placebo, 22.6%), and lorcaserin-treated patients lost significantly more body weight (lorcaserin, -5.8%; placebo, -2.5%). A significantly greater proportion of lorcaserin-treated patients achieved a weight loss of ≥ 10% (lorcaserin, 22.4%; placebo, 8.7%). There were statistically significant improvements in lipid parameters, glycemic indicators, quality-of-life measures, and vital signs in the lorcaserin group compared with placebo. The most common adverse events associated with lorcaserin treatment were headache, upper respiratory tract infection, and nasopharyngitis. Lorcaserin-treated patients had a rate of FDA-defined valvulopathy similar to placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
This pooled analysis of the phase III BLOOM and BLOSSOM trials shows that lorcaserin 10 mg twice daily, in combination with diet and exercise, is safe and tolerable, and is associated with statistically significant weight loss and clinically relevant improvements in cardiometabolic parameters.
ERP systems as an enabler of sustained business process innovation: A knowledge-based view

This research examines the relationship between ERP systems and innovation from a knowledgebased perspective. Building upon the multi-dimensional conceptualization of absorptive capacity by Zahra and George [Zahra, S.A., George, G., 2002. Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Journal 27 (2), 185–203], a theoretical framework is developed to specify the relationships between ERP-related knowledge impacts and potential/realized absorptive capacity for business process innovation. The implication of the knowledge-based analysis in this paper is that ERP systems present dialectical contradictions, both enabling and constraining business process innovation. The model highlights areas where active management has potential to enhance the capabilities of a firm for sustained innovation of its business processes. Future research directions are also outlined. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MovieScope : Movie trailer classification using Deep Neural Networks

This paper deals with identifying the genre of a movie by analyzing just the visual features of its trailer. This task seems to be very trivial for a human; our endeavor is to create a vision system that can do the same, accurately. We discuss the approaches we take and our experimental observations. The contributions of this work are : (1) we propose a neural network (based on VGG) that can classify movie trailers based on their genres; (2) we release a curated dataset, called YouTube-Trailer Dataset, which has over 800 movie trailers spanning over 4 genres. We achieve an accuracy of 80.1% with the spatial features, and 85% with using LSTM and set these results as the benchmark for this dataset. We have made the source code publicly available.1
Acoustic Trauma Increases Cochlear and Hair Cell Uptake of Gentamicin

BACKGROUND
Exposure to intense sound or high doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics can increase hearing thresholds, induce cochlear dysfunction, disrupt hair cell morphology and promote hair cell death, leading to permanent hearing loss. When the two insults are combined, synergistic ototoxicity occurs, exacerbating cochlear vulnerability to sound exposure. The underlying mechanism of this synergism remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sound exposure enhances the intra-cochlear trafficking of aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, leading to increased hair cell uptake of aminoglycosides and subsequent ototoxicity.


METHODS
Juvenile C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to moderate or intense sound levels, while fluorescently-conjugated or native gentamicin was administered concurrently or following sound exposure. Drug uptake was then examined in cochlear tissues by confocal microscopy.


RESULTS
Prolonged sound exposure that induced temporary threshold shifts increased gentamicin uptake by cochlear hair cells, and increased gentamicin permeation across the strial blood-labyrinth barrier. Enhanced intra-cochlear trafficking and hair cell uptake of gentamicin also occurred when prolonged sound, and subsequent aminoglycoside exposure were temporally separated, confirming previous observations. Acute, concurrent sound exposure did not increase cochlear uptake of aminoglycosides.


CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged, moderate sound exposures enhanced intra-cochlear aminoglycoside trafficking into the stria vascularis and hair cells. Changes in strial and/or hair cell physiology and integrity due to acoustic overstimulation could increase hair cell uptake of gentamicin, and may represent one mechanism of synergistic ototoxicity.
Patients with recurrent biliary tract cancer have a better prognosis than those with unresectable disease: retrospective analysis of a multi-institutional experience with patients of advanced biliary tract cancer who received palliative chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND
Prognostic factors for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) who received palliative chemotherapy have not been fully established. Especially, the status of unresectable/recurrent disease has not been well studied because of a small number of patients with recurrent BTC in previous studies.


METHODS
This multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 18 institutions in Japan. We retrospectively reviewed data regarding 403 patients with pathologically proven BTC who received palliative chemotherapy between April 2006 and March 2009. One hundred and ninety-two patients with recurrent BTC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.


RESULTS
The median overall survival was significantly longer in the recurrent BTC patients than in the unresectable BTC patients (398 days vs. 323 days, P = 0.004). After adjustment using multivariate analysis, the status of recurrent/unresectable disease remained an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.70, P = 0.022) in addition to performance status, extent of disease, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels.


CONCLUSIONS
The status of unresectable/recurrent disease was shown as an independent prognostic factor in the BTC patients. This result may help to predict life expectancy of BTC patients and design future clinical trials evaluating palliative chemotherapy in BTC.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice.

OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to investigate if the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation through PPARalpha mechanisms.


BACKGROUND
The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are insulin-sensitizing PPARgamma agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite evidence for TZDs limiting inflammation and atherosclerosis, questions exist regarding differential responses to TZDs. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled 16-week trial among recently diagnosed T2DM subjects (n = 34), pioglitazone-treated subjects manifested lower triglycerides and lacked the increase in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules (sVCAM)-1 evident in the placebo group. Previously we reported PPARalpha but not PPARgamma agonists could repress VCAM-1 expression. Since both triglyceride-lowering and VCAM-1 repression characterize PPARalpha activation, we studied pioglitazone's effects via PPARalpha.


METHODS
Pioglitazone effects on known PPARalpha responses--ligand binding domain activation and PPARalpha target gene expression--were tested in vitro and in vivo, including in wild-type and PPARalpha-deficient cells and mice, and compared with the effects of other PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) and PPARalpha (WY14643) agonists.


RESULTS
Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression. Pioglitazone also activated the PPARalpha ligand binding domain and induced PPARalpha target gene expression, with in vitro effects that were most pronounced in endothelial cells. In vivo, pioglitazone administration modulated sVCAM-1 levels and IkappaBalpha expression in wild-type but not PPARalpha-deficient mice.


CONCLUSIONS
Pioglitazone regulates inflammatory target genes in hepatic (IkappaBalpha) and endothelial (VCAM-1) settings in a PPARalpha-dependent manner. These data offer novel mechanisms that may underlie distinct TZD responses.
Crustal structure of the Caribbean-northeastern South America arc-continent collision zone: STRUCTURE OF CA-SA COLLISION ZONE

[1] We present the results of a 568-km-long regional wide-angle seismic profile conducted in the southeastern Caribbean that crosses an active island arc, a remnant arc, two basins possibly floored by oceanic crust, an allochthonous terrane of forearc affinity, and the passive margin of northern South America. The velocity structures of the Late Cretaceous Aves Ridge remnant arc and Miocene and younger Lesser Antilles arc are remarkably similar, which implies that magmatic processes have remained moderately steady over time. Crustal thickness is ∼26 km at the Aves Ridge and ∼24 km at the Lesser Antilles arc. In comparison to the Izu-Bonin and Aleutian arcs, the Lesser Antilles arc is thinner and has no evidence for a lower crustal cumulate layer, which is consistent with the estimated low magma production rates of the Lesser Antilles arc. Crustal thickness beneath the Grenada and Tobago basins is 4–10 km, and the velocity structure suggests that these basins could be floored by oceanic crust. A decrease of ∼1 km/s in average seismic velocity of the upper crust is observed from NW to SE across the North Coast fault zone; we argue that this marks the suture between the far-traveled Caribbean arc and the passive margin of the South American continent. Current strike-slip motion between the Caribbean and South American plates is located ∼30 km to the south, and thus material originally deposited on the South American passive margin has now been transferred to the Caribbean plate.
An Efficient Randomized Algorithm for Detecting Circles

Detecting circles from a digital image is very important in shape recognition. In this paper, an efficient randomized algorithm (RCD) for detecting circles is presented, which is not based on the Hough transform (HT). Instead of using an accumulator for saving the information of the related parameters in the HT-based methods, the proposed RCD does not need an accumulator. The main concept used in the proposed RCD is that we first randomly select four edge pixels in the image and define a distance criterion to determine whether there is a possible circle in the image; after finding a possible circle, we apply an evidence-collecting process to further determine whether the possible circle is a true circle or not. Some synthetic images with different levels of noises and some realistic images containing circular objects with some occluded circles and missing edges have been taken to test the performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RCD is faster than other HT-based methods for the noise level between the light level and the modest level. For a heavy noise level, the randomized HT could be faster than the proposed RCD, but at the expense of massive memory requirements.c © 2001 Academic Press
Matching user accounts based on user generated content across social networks

Matching user accounts can help us build better users’ profiles and benefit many applications. It has attracted much attention from both industry and academia. Most of existing works are mainly based on rich user profile attributes. However, in many cases, user profile attributes are unavailable, incomplete or unreliable, either due to the privacy settings or just because users decline to share their information. This makes the existing schemes quite fragile. Users often share their activities on different social networks. This provides an opportunity to overcome the above problem. We aim to address the problem of user identification based on User Generated Content (UGC). We first formulate the problem of user identification based on UGCs and then propose a UGC-based user identification model. A supervised machine learning based solution is presented. It has three steps: firstly, we propose several algorithms to measure the spatial similarity, temporal similarity and content similarity of two UGCs; secondly, we extract the spatial, temporal and content features to exploit these similarities; afterwards, we employ the machine learning method to match user accounts, and conduct the experiments on three ground truth datasets. The results show that the proposed method has given excellent performance with F1 values reaching 89.79%, 86.78% and 86.24% on three ground truth datasets, respectively. This work presents the possibility of matching user accounts with high accessible online data. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of recent guideline changes on aspirin prescribing after knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND
Prior to 2012, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) differed in their recommendations for postoperative pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP) after total joint arthroplasty. More specifically, aspirin (ASA) monotherapy was not endorsed by the ACCP as an acceptable prophylaxis. In 2012, the ACCP supported ASA monotherapy compared with no prophylaxis. Our aim was to investigate the impact of the convergence of ACCP and AAOS recommendations on surgeon prescribing patterns after knee arthroplasty (KA).


METHODS
This is a retrospective chart review. We collected data to assess preoperative VTE risk and examined VTEP prescriptions on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and at discharge (D/C) from 7/2008 to 12/2011 (pre-period) and 1/2012 to 7/2014 (post-period). Adult patients undergoing primary and revision KA were identified by ICD-9 procedure codes. Patients on preoperative full-dose anticoagulation and with hypercoagulability disorders were excluded.


RESULTS
Of 368 records reviewed, 329 were included in the analysis. There were no differences between the two period groups for age, sex, BMI, estrogen therapy, malignancy, smoking status, prior VTE, bilateral procedures, or surgery within 3 months. On POD1, in the pre-period, 4.6 % were prescribed ASA monotherapy versus 44.4 % in the post-period (p < 0.001). On D/C, in the pre-period, 13.9 % were prescribed ASA versus 55.6 % in the post-period (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate a statistically significant change in orthopedist prescribing patterns after guideline convergence. Furthermore, there was no apparent change in VTE risk between the two study groups when excluding patients necessitating full anticoagulation. Prior literature has shown that the divergence in guidelines influenced physicians away from ASA and toward more potent anticoagulants in order to avoid potential litigation. Once its role in VTEP was supported by the ACCP, it appears that ASA monotherapy was readily and rapidly incorporated into clinical practice. ASA may be favored over other VTEP agents for its lower bleeding risk profile and cost. This study highlights the profound impact clinical practice guidelines have on clinician prescribing patterns. Although prospective randomized trials are needed to compare the efficacy of ASA with other VTEP agents, ASA is now a predominant part of the VTEP armamentarium after KA.
Health Capital as a Strategic Component of Russian Economic Security

The paper presents the theoretical and methodological aspects of health capital formation as a component of economic security of the territory. The tendencies of health capital development in connection with social and economic trends of modern Russian development are analyzed. The authors offer some ways of improving the methodological approach, namely application of Keynes’s concept of uncertainty about the economic future. The formula of calculation of health potential depending on a number of factors, determining the character of health capital consumption, is suggested. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n28p22
The addition of bicalutamide 150 mg to radiotherapy significantly improves overall survival in men with locally advanced prostate cancer

Castration therapy adjuvant to radiotherapy can significantly improve overall survival compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Although many of the adverse effects of castration therapy are manageable, they can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Here we evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the non-castration-based therapy bicalutamide (‘Casodex’) 150 mg adjuvant to radiotherapy in patients with T1-4, M0, any n prostate cancer. The subset of patients within the early prostate cancer (EPC) program who received radiotherapy with curative intent (n = 1,370) were included in the analysis. These patients were randomized to receive oral bicalutamide 150 mg once daily (n = 699) or placebo (n = 671). The median follow-up for patients included in this analysis was 7.2 years. In patients with locally advanced disease (n = 305), bicalutamide adjuvant to radiotherapy significantly improved: progression-free survival (PFS), reducing the risk of objective progression by 44% compared with radiotherapy alone [hazard ratio (HR) 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.78; P < 0.001). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–PFS, reducing the risk of PSA progression by 59% compared with radiotherapy alone (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.30, 0.55; P < 0.001). Overall survival, reducing the risk of death by 35% compared with radiotherapy alone (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44, 0.95; P = 0.03). This significant overall survival benefit for bicalutamide was driven by a lower risk of prostate cancer-related deaths (16.1 vs 24.3%, respectively). There was no significant difference in PFS or overall survival in patients with localized disease (n = 1,065). In patients with locally advanced disease, bicalutamide 150 mg adjuvant to radiotherapy demonstrates significant clinical benefits in terms of overall survival, PFS and PSA–PFS compared with radiotherapy alone. The overall survival benefit in these patients is consistent with prior studies evaluating castration-based therapies adjuvant to radiotherapy (Bolla et al. in Lancet 360:103–108, 2002; Pilepich et al. in Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61:1285–1290, 2005). In addition, the clinical benefit of bicalutamide 150 mg in locally advanced patients, but not in those with localized disease, is consistent with the overall results from the EPC program (McLeod et al. BJU Int 97:247–254, 2006). Given the quality-of-life advantages of bicalutamide relative to castration, bicalutamide 150 mg adjuvant to radiotherapy is an attractive alternative for men with locally advanced prostate cancer.
Local search with annealing-like restarts to solve the VRPTW

In this paper, we propose a metaheuristic based on annealing-like restarts to diversify and intensify local searches for solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Using the Solomon s benchmark instances for the problem, our method obtained seven new best results and equaled 19 other best results. Extensive comparisons indicate that our method is comparable to the best in published literature. This approach is flexible and can be extended to handle other variants of vehicle routing problems and other combinatorial optimization problems. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Turkish Natural Language Processing

We present a short survey and exposition of some of the important aspects of Turkish that have proved to be interesting and challenging for natural language and speech processing. Most of the challenges stem from the complex morphology of Turkish and how morphology interacts with syntax. Finally we provide a short overview of the major tools and resources developed for Turkish over the last two decades. (Parts of this chapter were previously published as Oflazer (Lang Resour Eval 48(4):639–653, 2014).)
Osteomyelitis presenting in two patients: a challenging disease to manage

Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw is a rare entity in the healthy population of the developed world. It is normally associated with radiation and bisphosphonates ingestion and occurs in immunosuppressed individuals such as alcoholics or diabetics. Two cases are reported of chronic osteomyelitis in healthy individuals with no adverse medical conditions. The management of these cases are described.
Osteoporosis: A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Osteoporosis is a growing chronic health problem that could result in mortalities and poor living quality. This study aimed at assessing the awareness of adults in Riyadh about this disease and its associated factors as well as compare KAP levels of men and women. A cross sectional study including 505 participants was conducted in several malls of Riyadh city during March 2012, selected by stratified random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. 86 % of the participants had heard of osteoporosis. Media was the main source for Participants’ knowledge; the mean knowledge score was 56.6 % of the maximum achievable score. There was significant differences in knowledge scores by educational level, employment, income and residence (P = 0.005), (P = 0.008) (P = 0.0122) and (P = 0.009), respectively. Participants had low frequencies of preventive practices, especially females who had a mean total score equivalent to 48.8 % of the maximum score, while males’ mean score was 54.7 % (P = 0.000). Perceived susceptibility was higher among females (83 vs. 74 %, P = 0.000), and thus had less perception of the barriers to preventive actions, than men (49.6 vs. 55.5 %, P = 0.000). Self-efficacy and perceived benefits had the highest scores (95 % of the maximum achievable scores). Considerable number of adult males and females are unaware about osteoporosis. Since there is deficiency in the knowledge, and poor application of the preventive actions. Therefore, Education programs are needed to improve awareness and motivating healthy behaviours.