LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical characterisation of the elasto-plastic properties of bovine trabecular bone and a trabecular bone analogue.

The inelastic pressure dependent compressive behaviour of bovine trabecular bone is investigated through experimental and computational analysis. Two loading configurations are implemented, uniaxial and confined compression, providing two distinct loading paths in the von Mises-pressure stress plane. Experimental results reveal distinctive yielding followed by a constant nominal stress plateau for both uniaxial and confined compression. Computational simulation of the experimental tests using the Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Coulomb plasticity models fails to capture the confined compression behaviour of trabecular bone. The high pressure developed during confined compression does not result in plastic deformation using these formulations, and a near elastic response is computed. In contrast, the crushable foam plasticity models provide accurate simulation of the confined compression tests, with distinctive yield and plateau behaviour being predicted. The elliptical yield surfaces of the crushable foam formulations in the von Mises-pressure stress plane accurately characterise the plastic behaviour of trabecular bone. Results reveal that the hydrostatic yield stress is equal to the uniaxial yield stress for trabecular bone, demonstrating the importance of accurate characterisation and simulation of the pressure dependent plasticity. It is also demonstrated in this study that a commercially available trabecular bone analogue material, cellular rigid polyurethane foam, exhibits similar pressure dependent yield behaviour, despite having a lower stiffness and strength than trabecular bone. This study provides a novel insight into the pressure dependent yield behaviour of trabecular bone, demonstrating the inadequacy of uniaxial testing alone. For the first time, crushable foam plasticity formulations are implemented for trabecular bone. The enhanced understanding of the inelastic behaviour of trabecular bone established in this study will allow for more realistic simulation of orthopaedic device implantation and failure.
Characteristics of external genitalia in pre- and postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE
To determine those objective measurements that characterize the differences between the external genital organs of pre- and postmenopausal women.


METHODS
During the study period, 50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal patients were recruited. Only women who were admitted for routine control examinations were consecutively included in the study. Exclusion criteria were previous history of pelvic surgery including external and internal genital organs, presence of diseases that may change the anatomy of external genital organs, Mullerian anomalies, previous vaginal birth with mediolateral episiotomy, and use of hormone replacement therapy. The following measurements were performed: length and width of clitoris, labium majus, and labium minus, the distance between the clitoris and urethra, perineal length, and length of vagina.


RESULTS
The length of the vagina and the width of the labium minus were significantly different between the two groups. Mean vaginal length was significantly longer in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women (90.3 +/- 14.8 mm vs. 82.3 +/- 11.2 mm, respectively). The labia minora were wider in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women (17.9 +/- 4.1 mm vs. 15.4 +/- 4.7 mm).


CONCLUSIONS
Characterization of the anatomical changes and relationships of external genitalia in postmenopausal women is important for functional and perioperative evaluation. In addition to reconstructive surgical procedures, determination of the objective measurements of anatomical landmarks in postmenopausal external genitalia might also be useful for assessing the results of treatment of 'atrophic' changes in women.
Level of cancer awareness among women of low socioeconomic status in Mumbai slums.

BACKGROUND
Cancer, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India can be prevented by early detection through screening, for which, awareness is essential.


AIM
Determining cancer awareness among low socioeconomic women in Mumbai.


SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Community based cancer screening study using a mobile van.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data of consenting participants, collected using structured questionnaire, was differentiated into good and poor level of awareness using point based grading procedure. results: Mean age of 182 participants, majority (90.5%) belonging to lower socioeconomic strata, was 43.0∓8.8 years. Knowledge about cancer (84.6%) was good compared to knowledge of cancer screening (35.1%), awareness being higher among richer and more educated. Major sources of information were friends or relatives (46.1%) and media (35.2%). Only 6.6% had undergone prior screening.


CONCLUSION
In spite of appreciable knowledge about cancer, creating awareness about screening, its availability, and motivating the general population for screening is necessary.
Impact of a bilingual education intervention on the quality of life of Latina breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To test the effectiveness of a bilingual education intervention to improve the quality of life (QOL) of Latina breast cancer survivors (BCSs) after completing primary treatment for breast cancer.


DESIGN
A two-group prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
An ambulatory-care setting of a designated comprehensive cancer center in southern California.


SAMPLE
52 English- and Spanish-speaking Latina BCSs.


METHODS
Women were randomly assigned to the experimental or attention control group and completed measures of QOL, uncertainty, distress, and acculturation at baseline, and at three and six months postintervention.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
QOL, uncertainty, and distress.


FINDINGS
After controlling for acculturation, the four dimensions of QOL increased slightly in the groups or remained unchanged without significant group-by-time interaction. The social and psychological well-being subscales had the lowest scores, followed by physical and spiritual well-being. Although the group-by-time interaction was not statistically significant, the post-hoc difference for total QOL between time 2 and time 3 in the experimental group approached significance, with a slight increase in total QOL.


CONCLUSIONS
Latina BCSs have multiple survivorship and QOL concerns that might put them at risk for poor QOL.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
More culturally congruent intervention studies are needed to address the paucity of intervention research with Latina BCS.


KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION
Core values must be incorporated in the development of health education programs. Those programs also should be linguistically appropriate and available to non-English-speaking Latinas. In this way, the informational and supportive needs of all BCSs can be met.
Antipsychotic drug and body weight set-point

OBJECTIVE
Antipsychotic (AP) drugs frequently induce weight gain. The present study aimed at exploring a potential association between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and delayed negative alliesthesia for sweet stimuli.


RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The study aimed at recruiting patients undergoing AP treatment, half of them with stable weight and the other half with documented weight gain. Negative alliesthesia to sweet stimuli was assessed through a specific procedure.


RESULTS
A multivariate regression of the data obtained from the entire sample was performed to establish the relationship between alliesthesia dependent variables and weight gain as a predictor. The overall F statistic shows that there was a significant association between delayed negative alliesthesia for sweet stimuli and weight gain.


CONCLUSION
Atypical antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain seems to result from a raised body weight set-point.
A 12 Week, Open Label, Phase I/IIa Study Using Apatone® for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Patients Who Have Failed Standard Therapy

PURPOSE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral Apatone (Vitamin C and Vitamin K3) administration in the treatment of prostate cancer in patients who failed standard therapy.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventeen patients with 2 successive rises in PSA after failure of standard local therapy were treated with (5,000 mg of VC and 50 mg of VK3 each day) for a period of 12 weeks. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels, PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling times (PSADT) were calculated before and during treatment at 6 week intervals. Following the initial 12 week trial, 15 of 17 patients opted to continue treatment for an additional period ranging from 6 to 24 months. PSA values were followed for these patients.


RESULTS
At the conclusion of the 12 week treatment period, PSAV decreased and PSADT increased in 13 of 17 patients (p < or = 0.05). There were no dose-limiting adverse effects. Of the 15 patients who continued on Apatone after 12 weeks, only 1 death occurred after 14 months of treatment.


CONCLUSION
Apatone showed promise in delaying biochemical progression in this group of end stage prostate cancer patients.
Memristive Behavior in Thin Anodic Titania

A common material in creating memristors is titanium dioxide (TiO2), grown by atomic layer deposition, sputtering, or sol-gel process. In this letter, we study the memristive behavior in thin TiO2 films fabricated by brief electrochemical anodization of titanium. The effects of different anodization times and annealing are explored. We discover that inherent oxygen-vacancies at the bottom Ti/TiO2 interface naturally lead to memristive switching in nonannealed films. Annealing induces extra oxygen vacancies near the top metal/oxide interface, which leads to symmetric and ohmic current-voltage characteristics with a collapse of memristive switching. No clear dependence on anodization time was observed for times between 1 s and 1 min.
Efficacy of IP 6 + inositol in the treatment of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy : prospective , randomized , pilot clinical study

Background: Prospective, randomized, pilot clinical study was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) + Inositol in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant therapy. Patients and methods: Patients with invasive ductal breast cancer where polychemotherapy was indicated were monitored in the period from 2005-2007. Fourteen patients in the same stage of ductal invasive breast cancer were involved in the study, divided in two randomized groups. One group was subjected to take IP6 + Inositol while the other group was taking placebo. In both groups of patients the same laboratory parameters were monitored. When the treatment was finished, all patients have filled questionnaires QLQ C30 and QLQ-BR23 to determine the quality of life. Results: Patients receiving chemotherapy, along with IP6 + Inositol did not have cytopenia, drop in leukocyte and platelet counts. Red blood cell counts and tumor markers were unaltered in both groups. However, patients who took IP6 + Inositol had significantly better quality of life (p = 0.05) and functional status (p = 0.0003) and were able to perform their daily activities. Conclusion: IP6 + Inositol as an adjunctive therapy is valuable help in ameliorating the side effects and preserving quality of life among the patients treated with chemotherapy.
Static Versus Dynamic Stretching Effect on Agility Performance

Static Versus Dynamic Stretching Effect on Agility Performance
Modeling the permeability of carbonate reservoir using type-2 fuzzy logic systems

In this work, the use of type-2 fuzzy logic systems as a novel approach for predicting permeability from well logs has been investigated and implemented. Type-2 fuzzy logic system is good in handling uncertainties, including uncertainties in measurements and data used to calibrate the parameters. In the formulation used, the value of a membership function corresponding to a particular permeability value is no longer a crisp value; rather, it is associated with a range of values that can be characterized by a function that reflects the level of uncertainty. In this way, the model will be able to adequately account for all forms of uncertainties associated with predicting permeability from well log data, where uncertainties are very high and the need for stable results are highly desirable. Comparative studies have been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed type-2 fuzzy logic system framework with those earlier used methods, using five different industrial reservoir data. Empirical results from simulation show that type-2 fuzzy logic approach outperformed others in general and particularly in the area of stability and ability to handle data in uncertain situations, which are common characteristics of well logs data. Another unique advantage of the newly proposed model is its ability to generate, in addition to the normal target forecast, prediction intervals as its by-products without extra computational cost. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Telemonitoring of home exercise cycle training in patients with COPD

BACKGROUND
Regular physical activity is associated with reduced mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interventions to reduce time spent in sedentary behavior could improve outcomes. The primary purpose was to investigate the impact of telemonitoring with supportive phone calls on daily exercise times with newly established home exercise bicycle training. The secondary aim was to examine the potential improvement in health-related quality of life and physical activity compared to baseline.


METHODS
This prospective crossover-randomized study was performed over 6 months in stable COPD patients. The intervention phase (domiciliary training with supporting telephone calls) and the control phase (training without phone calls) were randomly assigned to the first or the last 3 months. In the intervention phase, patients were called once a week if they did not achieve a real-time monitored daily cycle time of 20 minutes. Secondary aims were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Health-related quality of life was measured by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), physical activity by the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ).


RESULTS
Of the 53 included patients, 44 patients completed the study (forced expiratory volume in 1 second 47.5%±15.8% predicted). In the intervention phase, daily exercise time was significantly higher compared to the control phase (24.2±9.4 versus 19.6±10.3 minutes). Compared to baseline (17.6±6.1), the CAT-score improved in the intervention phase to 15.3±7.6 and in the control phase to 15.7±7.3 units. The GLTEQ-score increased from 12.2±12.1 points to 36.3±16.3 and 33.7±17.3.


CONCLUSION
Telemonitoring is a simple method to enhance home exercise training and physical activity, improving health-related quality of life.
Safety and efficacy of protease inhibitors to treat hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a multicenter experience.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Protease inhibitors (PI) with peginterferon/ribavirin have significantly improved SVR rates in HCV G1 patients. Their use to treat HCV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is a challenge.


METHODS
This cohort study included 37 liver transplant recipients (male, 92%, age 57 ± 11 years), treated with boceprevir (n=18) or telaprevir (n=19). The indication for therapy was HCV recurrence (fibrosis stage ≥F2 (n=31, 83%) or fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (n=6, 16%).


RESULTS
Eighteen patients were treatment-naive, five were relapsers and fourteen were non-responders to dual therapy after LT. Twenty-two patients received cyclosporine and fifteen tacrolimus. After 12 weeks of PI therapy, a complete virological response was obtained in 89% of patients treated with boceprevir, and 58% with telaprevir (p=0.06). The end of treatment virological response rate was 72% (13/18) in the boceprevir group and 40% (4/10) in the telaprevir group (p=0.125). A sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation was observed in 20% (1/5) and 71% (5/7) of patients in the telaprevir and boceprevir groups, respectively (p=0.24). Treatment was discontinued in sixteen patients (treatment failures (n=11), adverse events (n=5)). Infections occurred in ten patients (27%), with three fatal outcomes (8%). The most common adverse effect was anemia (n=34, 92%), treated with erythropoietin and/or a ribavirin dose reduction; thirteen patients (35%) received red blood cell transfusions. The cyclosporine dose was reduced by 1.8 ± 1.1-fold and 3.4 ± 1.0-fold with boceprevir and telaprevir, respectively. The tacrolimus dose was reduced by 5.2 ± 1.5-fold with boceprevir and 23.8±18.2-fold with telaprevir.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that triple therapy is effective in LT recipients, particularly those experiencing a severe recurrence. The occurrence of anemia and drug-drug interactions, and the risk of infections require close monitoring.
Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of maxillary sinusitis.

INTRODUCTION
Dental pain originating from the maxillary sinuses can pose a diagnostic problem. Periapical lesion development eliciting inflammatory changes in the mucosal lining can cause the development of a sinusitis. The purpose of this study was to describe the radiographic characteristics of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis as seen on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and to determine whether any tooth or any tooth root was more frequently associated with this disease.


METHODS
Eighty-two CBCT scans previously identified as showing maxillary sinus pathosis were examined for sinusitis of odontogenic origin in both maxillary sinuses.


RESULTS
One hundred thirty-five maxillary sinusitis instances with possible odontogenic origin were detected. Of these, 37 sinusitis occurrences were from nonodontogenic causes, whereas 98 instances were tooth associated with some change in the integrity of the maxillary sinus floor. The average amount of mucosal thickening among the sinusitis cases was 7.4 mm. Maxillary first and second molars were 11 times more likely to be involved than premolars, whereas either molar was equally likely to be involved. The root most frequently associated with odontogenic sinusitis is the palatal root of the first molar followed by the mesiobuccal root of the second molar.


CONCLUSIONS
Changes in the maxillary sinuses appear associated with periapical pathology in greater than 50% of the cases. Maxillary first or second molar teeth are most often involved, and individual or multiple roots may be implicated in the sinusitis. The use of CBCT scans can provide the identification of changes in the maxillary sinus and potential causes of the sinusitis.
The Effect of Gibberellins on Flowering in Roses

The gibberellins A1, A3, A5, A8, A19, A20, and A29 were identified in vegetative shoot tips of Rosa canina by comparing their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices with those of standards. Most wild roses have a short flowering season of 2–4 weeks in spring, whereas most modern cultivars flower recurrently. `Félicité et Perpétue' is a short-season hybrid from a cross between a wild rose and a recurrent-flowering rose, whereas its sport, `Little White Pet,' flowers recurrently. The concentrations of gibberellins (GAs) were measured in shoot apices of both cultivars. In March (before floral initiation in spring) the concentrations of GA1 and GA3 were respectively threefold and twofold higher in `Félicité et Perpétue' than in `Little White Pet.' In April (after floral initiation) the concentrations of both gibberellins were substantially greater than in March, and concentrations of GA1 and GA3 were, respectively, 17-fold and 12-fold greater in `Félicité et Perpétue' than in `Little White Pet.' It is postulated that, in `Félicité et Perpétue,' floral initiation occurs when concentrations of GAs are low and is inhibited when concentrations of GAs are high, whereas in `Little White Pet' concentrations of GAs remain at permissive levels throughout the growing season. Applications of GA1 and GA3 to axillary shoots in March inhibited floral development in `Félicité et Perpétue' but not in `Little White Pet.' This suggests that the combined concentration of exogenous and endogenous gibberellins might have been raised to inhibitory levels in the former but not in the latter cultivar.
The impact of a middle school program to reduce aggression, victimization, and sexual violence.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the impact of the Second Step: Student Success Through Prevention (SS-SSTP) Middle School Program on reducing youth violence including peer aggression, peer victimization, homophobic name calling, and sexual violence perpetration and victimization among middle school sixth-grade students.


METHODS
The study design was a nested cohort (sixth graders) longitudinal study. We randomly assigned 18 matched pairs of 36 middle schools to the SS-SSTP or control condition. Teachers implemented 15 weekly lessons of the sixth-grade curriculum that focused on social emotional learning skills, including empathy, communication, bully prevention, and problem-solving skills. All sixth graders (n = 3,616) in intervention and control conditions completed self-report measures assessing verbal/relational bullying, physical aggression, homophobic name calling, and sexual violence victimization and perpetration before and after the implementation of the sixth-grade curriculum.


RESULTS
Multilevel analyses revealed significant intervention effects with regard to physical aggression. The adjusted odds ratio indicated that the intervention effect was substantial; individuals in intervention schools were 42% less likely to self-report physical aggression than students in control schools. We found no significant intervention effects for verbal/relational bully perpetration, peer victimization, homophobic teasing, and sexual violence.


CONCLUSIONS
Within a 1-year period, we noted significant reductions in self-reported physical aggression in the intervention schools. Results suggest that SS-SSTP holds promise as an efficacious prevention program to reduce physical aggression in adolescent youth.
Municipal solid waste management from a systems perspective

Different waste treatment options for municipal solid waste have been studied in a systems analysis. Different combinations of incineration, materials recycling of separated plastic and cardboard containers, and biological treatment (anaerobic digestion and composting) of biodegradable waste, were studied and compared to landfilling. The evaluation covered use of energy resources, environmental impact and financial and environmental costs. In the study, a calculation model (Orware) based on methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. Case studies were performed in three Swedish municipalities: Uppsala, Stockholm, and Älvdalen. The study shows that reduced landfilling in favour of increased recycling of energy and materials lead to lower environmental impact, lower consumption of energy resources, and lower economic costs. Landfilling of energy-rich waste should be avoided as far as possible, partly because of the negative environmental impacts from landfilling, but mainly because of the low recovery of resources when landfilling. Differences between materials recycling, nutrient recycling and incineration are small but in general recycling of plastic is somewhat better than incineration and biological treatment somewhat worse. When planning waste management, it is important to know that the choice of waste treatment method affects processes outside the waste management system, such as generation of district heating, electricity, vehicle fuel, plastic, cardboard, and fertiliser. # 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.