LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Electronic System Design, Analysis, Integration, and Construction of the Cal Poly State University CP1 CubeSat

Picosatellites demand highly efficient designs. Restricted in mass, volume, and surface area, the design of these spacecraft is particularly challenging. The electronic systems of CP1, the first satellite developed at Cal Poly State University, are designed specifically with simplicity and efficiency in mind. The satellite’s design conforms to the CubeSat standard, also developed at Cal Poly in conjunction with Stanford University. Designed and built by Cal Poly Students, the main printed circuit board (PCB) is the center of the electronic systems of CP1. This PCB incorporates the command, data handling, data acquisition, and power electronic systems. The bus systems of CP1 are designed to accommodate numerous commercial payloads. Highly efficient bus systems allow 30% of the spacecraft’s mass, volume, and power to be budgeted for payloads. This capable platform can be used to develop and flight test numerous new technologies such as microthrusters, magnetorquers, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS), and a variety of sensors. This paper outlines the objectives and requirements of the mission and describes how those requirements are met in the design. The integration of the electronics with the structure and primary payload, as well as the fabrication and assembly methods employed, and modifications for in-orbit operations are covered. Additionally, the design is analyzed to determine potential weaknesses in functionality or reliability and test results are presented to provide a characterization of the electrical and functional properties of the spacecraft. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Mathematics Elsewhere : An Exploration of Ideas Across Cultures

Marcia Ascher's new book, Mathematics Elsewhere , is certain to stimulate discussion of the nature of mathematical ideas and how they find their expression. For many Westerners the term " mathematics " means the intellectual exercise begun by the Greeks of stating theorems and then proving them by beginning with explicitly stated axioms and using logical arguments. Of course, in ancient Greece the axioms were about either geometrical or arithmetical objects. Today the axioms can be about numerous other kinds of objects, but mathematicians are still proving theorems about objects , be they C *-algebras or regular local rings. So to look at mathematics elsewhere might be interpreted to mean the finding of logical arguments from axioms about certain kinds of objects in cultures other than " Western ". Marcia Ascher, however, is not looking for mathematics in that sense. In fact, most of us use a working definition of mathematics much broader than the one implied above. It was " mathematics " when the Babylonians figured out how to solve what we know as quadratic equations. It was " mathematics " when Egyptian scribes determined the volume of the frustum of a pyramid. It was " mathematics " when the Chinese figured out how to solve simultaneous congru-ences by the Chinese remainder theorem. It was " mathematics " when Indian scholars solved the so-called Pell equation. It was " mathematics " when people from many cultures figured out that the sum of the squares on the legs of a right triangle equals the square on the hypotenuse, or that there was a regular method of determining the number of ways you could choose k objects out of a set of n. In none of these occurrences, at least originally, was there any notion of logical proof from explicit axioms. These are examples of what Marcia Ascher calls " mathematical ideas " —ideas that she has sought in her research to find elsewhere. In particular, As-cher defines mathematical ideas to be those " involving number, logic, spatial configuration, and, more significant, the combination or organization of these into systems and structures. " Today the contributions to mathematical ideas of the major literate cultures, including the Babylonian, Egypt-ian, Chinese, Indian, Islamic, and what we normally Victor J. Katz is professor of mathematics at the University of the District of Columbia. He is serving during 2002-03 as a Visiting Mathematician at the …
Outcome prediction in chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy: prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND
Identification of prognostic factors for persistent pain and disability are important for better understanding of the clinical course of chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy and to assist clinical decision-making. There is a lack of scientific evidence concerning prognostic factors. The aim of this study was to identify clinically relevant predictors for outcome at 52 weeks.


METHODS
116 patients were included in a sham controlled clinical trial on epidural injection of glucocorticoids in patients with chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy. Success at follow-up was ≤ 17.5 for visual analogue scale (VAS) leg pain, ≤ 22.5 for VAS back pain and ≤ 20 for Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Fifteen clinically relevant variables included demographic, psychosocial, clinical and radiological data and were analysed using a logistic multivariable regression analysis.


RESULTS
At follow-up, 75 (64.7%) patients had reached a successful outcome with an ODI score ≤ 20, 54 (46.6%) with a VAS leg pain score ≤ 17.5, and 47 (40.5%) with a VAS back pain score ≤ 22.5. Lower age (OR 0.94 (CI 0.89-0.99) for each year decrease in age) and FABQ Work ≥ 34 (OR 0.16 (CI 0.04-0.61)) were independent variables predicting a successful outcome on the ODI. Higher education (OR 5.77 (CI 1.46-22.87)) and working full-time (OR 2.70 (CI 1.02-7.18)) were statistically significant (P <0.05) independent predictors for successful outcome (VAS score ≤ 17.5) on the measure of leg pain. Lower age predicted success on ODI (OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) for each year) and less back pain (OR 0.94 (0.90 to 0.99)), while higher education (OR 5.77 (1.46 to 22.87)), working full-time (OR 2.70 (1.02 to 7.18)) and muscle weakness at baseline (OR 4.11 (1.24 to 13.61) predicted less leg pain, and reflex impairment at baseline predicted the contrary (OR 0.39 (0.15 to 0.97)).


CONCLUSIONS
Lower age, higher education, working full-time and low fear avoidance beliefs each predict a better outcome of chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy. Specifically, lower age and low fear avoidance predict a better functional outcome and less back pain, while higher education and working full-time predict less leg pain. These results should be validated in further studies before being used to inform patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12574253 . Registered 18 May 2005.
Validation of the health ABC heart failure model for incident heart failure risk prediction: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

BACKGROUND
The recently developed and internally validated Health ABC HF model uses 9 routinely available clinical variables to determine incident heart failure risk. In this study, we sought to externally validate the Health ABC HF model.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Observed 5-year incidence of heart failure, defined as first hospitalization for new-onset heart failure, was compared with 5-year risk estimates derived from the Health ABC HF model among participants without heart failure at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study. During follow-up, 400 of 5335 (7.5%) participants developed heart failure over 5 years versus 364 (6.8%) predicted by the Health ABC HF model (predicted-to-observed ratio, 0.90). Observed versus predicted 5-year heart failure probabilities were 3.2% versus 2.8%, 9.0% versus 7.0%, 15.9% versus 13.7%, and 24.6% versus 30.8% for the <5%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 20%, and >20% 5-year risk categories, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi(2) was 14.72 (degrees of freedom, 10; P=0.14), and the C index was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.76). Calibration and discrimination demonstrated adequate performance across sex and race overall; however, risk was underestimated in white men, especially in the 5% to 10% risk category. Model performance was optimal when participants with normal left ventricular function at baseline were assessed separately. Performance was consistent across age groups. Analyses with death as a competing risk yielded similar results.


CONCLUSIONS
The Health ABC HF model adequately predicted 5-year heart failure risk in a large community-based study, providing support for the external validity of the model. This tool may be used to identify individuals to whom to target heart failure prevention efforts.
An Integrated Model for Production and Preventive Maintenance Planning in Multi-State Systems

This paper integrates preventive maintenance with tactical production planning in multi-state systems. The proposed model coordinates the production with the maintenance decisions, so that the total expected cost is minimized. We are given a set of products that must be produced in lots on a multi-state production system during a specified finite planning horizon. Planned preventive maintenance, and unplanned corrective maintenance can be performed on each component of the multi-state system. The maintenance policy suggests cyclical preventive replacements of components, and a minimal repair on failed components. The objective is to determine an integrated lot-sizing and preventive maintenance strategy of the system that will minimize the sum of preventive and corrective maintenance costs, setup costs, holding costs, backorder costs, and production costs, while satisfying the demand for all products over the entire horizon. We model the production system as a multi-state system with binary-states, and s-independent components. A method is proposed to evaluate the times and the costs of preventive maintenance and minimal repair, and the average production system capacity in each period. We show how the formulated problem can be solved by comparing the results of several multi-product capacitated lot-sizing problems. For large-size problems, a genetic algorithm is developed to deal with the preventive maintenance selection task in the integrated planning model.
The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century.

PART 1: RELIGION AND LEARNING 1. The Augustinian Strain of Piety 2. The Practice of Piety 3. The Intellectual Character 4. The Intellectual Heritage PART 2: COSMOLOGY 5. The Instrument of Reason 6. Knowledge 7. The Uses of Reason 8. Nature PART 3: ANTHROPOLOGY 9. The Nature of Man 10. The Means of Conversion 11. Rhetoric 12. The Plain Style PART 4: SOCIOLOGY 13. The Covenant of Grace 14. The Social Covenant 15. The Church Covenant 16. God's Controversy with New England Appendix A. The Literature of Ramus' Logic in Europe Appendix B. The Federal School of Theology Notes Index
Polyacetylenes accumulation in Ambrosia maritima hairy root and cell cultures after elicitation with methyl jasmonate

Three lines of hairy root culture of Ambrosia maritima induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 were established. Thiarubrine A, thiarubrine A epoxide, thiarubrine A diol and their precursor pentayneene were produced by the hairy roots after elicitation with methyl jasmonate, the common signal molecule in the plant defense and development. Thiarubrine A diol was the main form detected in the medium. Maximum yield was achieved when the 13-day-old hairy root cultures were exposed to 40 μM methyl jasmonate for 72 h. Callus and cell suspension cultures were established and maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplied with α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin. When the cell suspension cultures were elicited with methyl jasmonate, pentayneene was the only polyacetylene produced. The yield of pentayneene in hairy root cultures was much higher (9.6 times) than that of cell suspension cultures.
Export performance as an antecedent of export commitment and marketing strategy adaptation : Evidence from small and medium sized exporters *

To the best of our knowledge, the international marketing literature has been examining performance exclusively as a dependent variable. In this paper we argue that performance should be investigated as an independent variable. Using survey data of over 400 managers responsible for the main export ventures of Portuguese SMEs (Small and Medium Exporters), this paper shows that past performance plays a crucial role in building SMEs’ commitment to exporting and to the determination of their current marketing strategy. Findings also show that marketing strategy adaptation to the foreign market is particularly noted in firms exporting to the most developed markets, rather than in firms exporting to the most competitive environments. Future international marketing research is encouraged to focus on understanding both the direct and indirect relationships among past performance, firm’s commitment to exporting, and current marketing strategy under the influence of external forces. Such a focus has the potential to enrich the theory and generate relevant managerial and public policy implications.
Metal-induced inflammation triggers fibromyalgia in metal-allergic patients.

BACKGROUND
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease of unknown etiology. Inflammation could be one of the mechanisms behind this disease.


OBJECTIVES
We studied the frequency and clinical relevance of metal allergy in FM patients.


METHODS
Fifteen female FM patients were included in the study. Metal allergy was measured by a lymphocyte transformation test, MELISA®. Ten healthy age-matched women were used as controls for in vitro studies. Reduction of metal exposure in the FM patients was achieved by replacement of dental metal restorations and by the avoidance of known sources of metal exposure. Objective health assessment was performed 5 years after treatment. Subjective health assessment was established by a questionnaire, completed 2, 5 and in some cases 10 years after the start of the study. Follow-up MELISA was also performed.


RESULTS
All FM patients tested positive to at least one of the metals tested. The most frequent reactions were to nickel, followed by inorganic mercury, cadmium and lead. Some healthy controls responded to inorganic mercury in vitro but most of the tests were negative. Objective examination 5 years later showed that half of the patients no longer fulfilled the FM diagnosis, 20% had improved and the remaining 30% still had FM. All patients reported subjective health improvement. This correlated with the normalisation of metal-specific responses in vitro.


CONCLUSION
Metal allergy is frequent in FM patients. The reduction of metal exposure resulted in improved health in the majority of metal-sensitized patients. This suggests that metal-induced inflammation might be an important risk factor in a subset of patients with FM.
Brands and Branding: Research Findings and Future Priorities

B has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand-equity measurement, brand growth, and brand management. The paper also outlines some gaps that exist in the research of branding and brand equity and formulates a series of related research questions. Choice modeling implications of the branding concept and the challenges of incorporating main and interaction effects of branding as well as the impact of competition are discussed.
Outcome of skin graft versus flap surgery in the salvage of the exposed achilles tendon in diabetics versus nondiabetics.

BACKGROUND
Achilles tendon wounds pose a reconstructive dilemma because of the tendon's functional importance and the paucity of soft tissue surrounding the ankle. The currently accepted treatment is to repair the wound with a flap (local, pedicled, or free). In this article, the authors examine whether skin graft coverage of the exposed Achilles tendon is a viable option for reconstruction and whether the comorbidity of diabetes affects the outcome.


METHODS
Forty-five consecutive patients presenting with wounds involving the Achilles tendon in 49 limbs were retrospectively evaluated from the authors' limb salvage registry from 1990 to 1999.


RESULTS
After initial debridement, the method of reconstruction consisted of closure by secondary intention (n = 6), skin grafting (n = 27), and reconstruction with a flap (n = 10) or free flaps (n = 6). The primary success rate of each procedure was not significantly different: secondary intention, 83 percent; skin graft, 83 percent; local flap, 80 percent; and free flap, 83 percent. The overall wound-healing rate was 96 percent and the limb salvage rate was 98 percent. Six wounds eventually recurred in patients who had undergone skin grafting. All but one went on to heal with conservative therapy. There was no difference in any of the result parameters between diabetics and nondiabetics.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that, with a properly prepared wound bed, skin grafting can be as effective as local or free flaps in successfully healing Achilles tendon wounds. Diabetes should not be used as a contraindication to limb salvage in patients who present with Achilles tendon ulceration or gangrene.
Nonlinear Fourier Transform for Optical Data Processing and Transmission: Advances and Perspectives

The nonlinear Fourier transform is a transmission and signal processing technique that makes positive use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibre channels. I will overview recent advances and some of challenges in this field.
Motivating Latino caregivers of children with asthma to quit smoking: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE
Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with asthma onset and exacerbation. Latino children have higher rates of asthma morbidity than other groups. The current study compared the effectiveness of a newly developed smoking cessation treatment with existing clinical guidelines for smoking cessation.


METHOD
Latino caregivers who smoked (N = 133; 72.9% female; mean age = 36.8 years) and had a child with asthma were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 smoking cessation counseling interventions during a home-based asthma program: (a) behavioral action model (BAM; modeled on clinical guidelines for smoking cessation) or (b) precaution adoption model (PAM; feedback on the caregiver's carbon monoxide level and child's secondhand smoke exposure using Motivational Interviewing). Counseling was delivered by a bilingual Latina health educator, and the content was tailored to Latino values and culture. It was not necessary for smokers to want to quit smoking to participate. Smoking cessation was biochemically verified and secondhand smoke exposure was objectively measured through passive nicotine monitors.


RESULTS
Intent-to-treat analyses showed that 20.5% of participants in the PAM condition and 9.1% of those in the BAM condition were continuously abstinent at 2 months posttreatment (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 0.91-7.10), whereas 19.1% of participants in the PAM condition and 12.3% of those in BAM condition were continuously abstinent at 3 months posttreatment (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 0.64-4.37). Secondhand smoke exposure decreased only in the BAM condition (p < .001), an effect due to less smoking around the child among nonquitters in this condition. Asthma morbidity showed significant decreases in the posttreatment period for the PAM group only (p < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Results provide support for targeting specific populations with theory-based interventions.
Improvement of glycemic control by 1 year of insulin therapy leads to a sustained decrease in sE-selectin concentrations in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether and how improvement of glycemic control by long-term insulin therapy decreases endothelial activation as measured by serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules sE-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and whether the drug used to lower blood glucose in addition to insulin influences such a response.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Circulating adhesion molecules were measured before and after 3 and 12 months of therapy in 81 patients with type 2 diabetes and 41 subjects without diabetes. The patients were treated with bedtime administration of NPH insulin combined with either glibenclamide (n = 19), metformin (n = 17), glibenclamide and metformin (n = 17), or morning administration of NPH insulin (n = 23).


RESULTS
Before insulin therapy, serum sE-selectin level was 71% higher in the patients with type 2 diabetes (77 +/- 4 ng/ml) than in the normal subjects (45 +/- 3 ng/ml, P < 0.001), whereas levels of sVCAM-1 were comparable (420 +/- 25 vs. 400 +/- 11 ng/ml, respectively). Glycemic control in all patients improved as judged from a decrease in HbA1c from 9.7 +/- 0.2 to 7.6 +/- 0.1% (P < 0.001). sE-selectin decreased to 67 +/- 4 ng/ml by 3 months (P < 0.001 vs. 0 months) and then remained unchanged until 12 months (70 +/- 4 ng/ml P < 0.001 vs 0 months). sVCnM-1 levels at 12 months was similar to those at 0 months (416 +/- 25 ng/ml). The change in glycemic control, measured by HbA1c, but not in other parameters, was correlated with the change of sE-selectin (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) within the patients with type 2 diabetes. The decreases in sE-selectin were not different between the various treatment groups.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that improvement in glycemic control by administration of insulin alone or insulin combined with either glibenclamide, metformin, or both agents induces a sustained decrease in sE-selectin, the magnitude of which seems to be dependent on the degree of improvement in glycemia. These data suggest that sE-selectin might provide a marker of effects of treatment of chronic hyperglycemia on endothelial activation.
Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Immunotherapy enhances a patient’s immune system to fight disease and has recently been a source of promising new cancer treatments. Among the many immunotherapeutic strategies, immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable benefit in the treatment of a range of cancer types. Immune checkpoint blockade increases antitumor immunity by blocking intrinsic downregulators of immunity, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Several immune checkpoint–directed antibodies have increased overall survival for patients with various cancers and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Table 1). By increasing the activity of the immune system, immune checkpoint blockade can have inflammatory side effects, which are often termed immune-related adverse events. Although any organ system can be affected, immune-related adverse events most commonly involve the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, skin, and liver.1 Less often, the central nervous system and cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and hematologic systems are involved. The wide range of potential immune-related adverse events requires multidisciplinary, collaborative management by providers across the clinical spectrum (Fig. 1). No prospective trials have defined strategies for effectively managing specific immune-related adverse events; thus, clinical practice remains variable. Nevertheless, several professional organizations are working to harmonize expert consensus on managing specific immune-related adverse events. In this review, we focus on 10 essential questions practitioners will encounter while caring for the expanding population of patients with cancer who are being treated with immune checkpoint blockade (Table 2).