LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Synthesis Networks for Transfer Learning in Machine Comprehension

We develop a technique for transfer learning in machine comprehension (MC) using a novel two-stage synthesis network (SynNet). Given a high-performing MC model in one domain, our technique aims to answer questions about documents in another domain, where we use no labeled data of question-answer pairs. Using the proposed SynNet with a pretrained model on the SQuAD dataset, we achieve an F1 measure of 46.6% on the challenging NewsQA dataset, approaching performance of in-domain models (F1 measure of 50.0%) and outperforming the out-ofdomain baseline by 7.6%, without use of provided annotations.1
Tract simplified clinical risk score predicts the need for early endoscopy n non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Background: Pre-endoscopic triage of patients who require an early upper endoscopy can improve management of patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Aims: To validate a new simplified clinical score (T-score) to assess the need of an early upper endoscopy in non variceal bleeding patients. Secondary outcomes were re-bleeding rate, 30-day bleeding-related mortality. Methods: In this prospective, multicentre study patients with bleeding who underwent upper endoscopy were enrolled. The accuracy for high risk endoscopic stigmata of the T-score was compared with that of the Glasgow Blatchford risk score. Results: Overall, 602 patients underwent early upper endoscopy, and 472 presented with non-variceal bleeding. High risk endoscopic stigmata were detected in 145 (30.7%) cases. T-score sensitivity and specificity for high risk endoscopic stigmata and bleeding-related mortality was 96% and 30%, and 80% and 71%, respectively. No statistically difference in predicting high risk endoscopic stigmata between T-score and Glasgow Blatchford risk score was observed (ROC curve: 0.72 vs. 0.69, p = 0.11). The two scores were also similar in predicting re-bleeding (ROC curve: 0.64 vs. 0.63, p = 0.4) and 30-day bleeding-related mortality (ROC curve: 0.78 vs. 0.76, p = 0.3). Conclusions: The T-score appeared to predict high risk endoscopic stigmata, re-bleeding and mortality with similar accuracy to Glasgow Blatchford risk score. Such a score may be helpful for the prediction of high-risk patients who need a very early therapeutic endoscopy. © 2014 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Low-Income Minority and Homeless Mothers’ Perceptions of Their 9–13 Year-Old Children’s Weight Status, Diet, and Health

The purpose of this study was to examine low-income mothers’ perceptions of their children’s height and weight in relation to actual measures, and perceptions of dietary quality and health status. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary quality/health status data were collected during a multi-phase nutrition research project with low-income Minnesotans, and a sub-set of non-pregnant mother–child dyads (mothers ages ≥ 18 years, children ages 9–13 years) were analyzed (n = 257). Participants were Caucasian, African American, American Indian, Hispanic, Asian, or Other/mixed race, and most were homeless. Relationships between maternal perceptions of their child’s height and weight and the actual measures, and maternal perceptions of dietary quality and health status for the dyad, were examined using independent and paired samples t-tests, ANOVA, and paired samples correlations. Comparisons were also made by maternal and child body mass index (BMI) status and living situation. Mothers significantly underestimated their child’s height and weight (−4.8 ± 13.9 cm, P = 0.000; −5.3 ± 8.5 kg, P = 0.000); greatest misperceptions of weight were among mothers of overweight/obese children (P = 0.000). Mothers not reporting estimates of their child’s height and weight (n = 53) had higher BMIs (P = 0.029), and their children were younger (P = 0.000) and lighter (P = 0.021) compared to mothers who provided estimates. Inability to objectify children’s weight status may contribute to the obesity epidemic affecting low-income minority populations. Underestimation of weight status may be influenced by cultural perceptions of body image and socioeconomic status.
Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption decreases cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with coronary artery disease and increased oxidative stress. Some antioxidants have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction, and tea contains antioxidant flavonoids. Methods and Results-- To test the hypothesis that tea consumption will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized 66 patients with proven coronary artery disease to consume black tea and water in a crossover design. Short-term effects were examined 2 hours after consumption of 450 mL tea or water. Long-term effects were examined after consumption of 900 mL tea or water daily for 4 weeks. Vasomotor function of the brachial artery was examined at baseline and after each intervention with vascular ultrasound. Fifty patients completed the protocol and had technically suitable ultrasound measurements. Both short- and long-term tea consumption improved endothelium- dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, whereas consumption of water had no effect (P<0.001 by repeated-measures ANOVA). Tea consumption had no effect on endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-induced dilation. An equivalent oral dose of caffeine (200 mg) had no short-term effect on flow-mediated dilation. Plasma flavonoids increased after short- and long-term tea consumption.


CONCLUSIONS
Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. This finding may partly explain the association between tea intake and decreased cardiovascular disease events.
LC-MS determination and pharmacokinetic studies of ursolic acid in rat plasma after administration of the traditional chinese medicinal preparation Lu-Ying extract.

Sambucus chinensis L. is a native perennial herb distributed throughout China. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this herb is known as Lu-Ying. Ursolic acid is the major effective constituent of Lu-Ying. A rapid, sensitive, and accurate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the determination of ursolic acid in rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples taken from rats that had received Lu-Ying extract orally were acidified with acetic acid and then extracted with a mixture of hexane-dichloromethane-2-propanol (20:10:1, v/v/v). Separation of ursolic acid was accomplished on a C(18) column interfaced with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (95:5, v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was operated in negative-ion mode. Using selected ion-monitoring mode, the deprotonated molecules [M-H](-) at m/z 455 and 469 were used to quantify ursolic acid and glycyrrhetic acid (internal standard), respectively. The assay was shown to be linear over the range of 10-1000 ng/ml (r> or =0.9960) with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/ml. The method was shown to be reproducible and reliable with intraday precision below 7.8%, interday precision below 8.1%, accuracy within +/-4.3%, and mean extraction recovery excess of 83.6%, which were all calculated from the blank plasma sample spiked with ursolic acid at three concentrations of 20, 200, and 800 ng/ml. The LC-MS method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ursolic acid after oral administration of Lu-Ying ethanolic extract (at a dose containing 80.32 mg/kg ursolic acid) to rats. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t(1/2), 4.3 h; K(e), 0.16 1/h; t(max), 1.0 h; C(max), 294.8 ng/ml; AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity), 1007.1 ng.h/ml and 1175.3 ng.h/ml, respectively.
T-cell development and the CD4–CD8 lineage decision

Cell-fate decisions are controlled typically by conserved receptors that interact with co-evolved ligands. Therefore, the lineage-specific differentiation of immature CD4+CD8+ T cells into CD4+ or CD8+ mature T cells is unusual in that it is regulated by clonally expressed, somatically generated T-cell receptors (TCRs) of unpredictable fine specificity. Yet, each mature T cell generally retains expression of the co-receptor molecule (CD4 or CD8) that has an MHC-binding property that matches that of its TCR. Two models were proposed initially to explain this remarkable outcome — 'instruction' of lineage choice by initial signalling events or 'selection' after a stochastic fate decision that limits further development to cells with coordinated TCR and co-receptor specificities. Aspects of both models now appear to be correct; mistake-prone instruction of lineage choice precedes a subsequent selection step that filters out most incorrect decisions.
A Robust Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Multidimensional Trust Model

Collaborative filtering is one of the widely used technologies in the e-commerce recommender systems. It can predict the interests of a user based on the rating information of many other users. But the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm has the problems such as lower recommendation precision and weaker robustness. To solve these problems, in this paper we present a robust collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on multidimensional trust model. Firstly, according to the rating information of users, a multidimensional trust model is proposed. It measures the credibility of user’s ratings from the following three aspects: the reliability of item recommendation, the rating similarity and the user’s trustworthiness. Secondly, the computational model of trust and the traditional collaborative filtering approach are combined to select the reliable neighbor set and generate recommendation for the target user. Finally, the performances of the novel algorithm with others are compared from both sides of recommendation precision and robustness using MovieLens dataset. Compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm not only improves the quality of neighbor selection and the recommendation precision, but also has better robustness.
Direct comparison of phase-space distributions of K- and K+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies -- evidence for in-medium modifications of kaons?

Abstract:The ratio of K- to K+-meson yields has been measured in the systems 96Ru + 96Ru at 1.69 A GeV, 96Ru+96Zr at 1.69 A GeV, and 58Ni+58Ni at 1.93 A GeV incident beam kinetic energy. The yield ratio is observed to vary across the measured phase space. Relativistic transport-model calculations indicate that the data are best understood if in-medium modifications of the kaons are taken into account.
Evolutionary Optimization of Yagi-Uda Antennas

Yagi-Uda antennas are known to be difficult to design and optimize due to their sensitivity at high gain, and the inclusion of numerous parasitic elements. We present a genetic algorithm-based automated antenna optimization system that uses a fixed Yagi-Uda topology and a byte-encoded antenna representation. The fitness calculation allows the implicit relationship between power gain and sidelobe/backlobe loss to emerge naturally, a technique that is less complex than previous approaches. The genetic operators used are also simpler. Our results include Yagi-Uda antennas that have excellent bandwidth and gain properties with very good impedance characteristics. Results exceeded previous Yagi-Uda antennas produced via evolutionary algorithms by at least 7.8% in mainlobe gain. We also present encouraging preliminary results where a coevolutionary genetic algorithm is used.
Speech compression using different transform techniques

Speech Compression is a field of digital signal processing that focuses on reducing bit-rate of speech signals to enhance transmission speed and storage requirement of fast developing multimedia. This paper explores a transform based methodology for compression of the speech signal. In this methodology, different transforms such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are exploited. A comparative study of performance of different transforms is made in terms of Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Normalized root-mean square error (NRMSE). The simulation results included illustrate the effectiveness of these transforms in the field of data compression. When compared, Discrete Wavelet Transform gives higher compression respect to Discrete Cosine Transform and Fast Fourier Transform in terms of compression ratio, and DWT as well as good fidelity parameters also.
Deep Convolutional Inverse Graphics Network

This paper presents the Deep Convolution Inverse Graphics Network (DCIGN), a model that aims to learn an interpretable representation of images, disentangled with respect to three-dimensional scene structure and viewing transformations such as depth rotations and lighting variations. The DCIGN model is composed of multiple layers of convolution and de-convolution operators and is trained using the Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes (SGVB) algorithm [10]. We propose a training procedure to encourage neurons in the graphics code layer to represent a specific transformation (e.g. pose or light). Given a single input image, our model can generate new images of the same object with variations in pose and lighting. We present qualitative and quantitative tests of the model’s efficacy at learning a 3D rendering engine for varied object classes including faces and chairs.
Steering of Discrete Event Systems: Control Theory Approach

Runtime verification involves monitoring the system at runtime to check for conformance of the execution trace to user defined safety properties. Typically, run-time verifiers do not assume a system model and hence cannot predict violations until they occur. This limits the practical applicability of runtime verification. Steering is the process of predicting the occurrence of violations and preventing them by controlling system execution. Steerers can achieve this using a limited knowledge of the system model even in situations where it is infeasible to store the entire model. In this paper, we explore a control-theoretic view of steering for discrete event systems. We introduce an architecture for steering and also describe different steering paradigms.
Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults.

BACKGROUND
The few studies that have investigated the relationship between mobile phone use and sleep have mainly been conducted among children and adolescents. In adults, very little is known about mobile phone usage in bed our after lights out. This cross-sectional study set out to examine the association between bedtime mobile phone use and sleep among adults.


METHODS
A sample of 844 Flemish adults (18-94 years old) participated in a survey about electronic media use and sleep habits. Self-reported sleep quality, daytime fatigue and insomnia were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS), respectively. Data were analyzed using hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses.


RESULTS
Half of the respondents owned a smartphone, and six out of ten took their mobile phone with them to the bedroom. Sending/receiving text messages and/or phone calls after lights out significantly predicted respondents' scores on the PSQI, particularly longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, more sleep disturbance and more daytime dysfunction. Bedtime mobile phone use predicted respondents' later self-reported rise time, higher insomnia score and increased fatigue. Age significantly moderated the relationship between bedtime mobile phone use and fatigue, rise time, and sleep duration. An increase in bedtime mobile phone use was associated with more fatigue and later rise times among younger respondents (≤ 41.5 years old and ≤ 40.8 years old respectively); but it was related to an earlier rise time and shorter sleep duration among older respondents (≥ 60.15 years old and ≥ 66.4 years old respectively).


CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that bedtime mobile phone use is negatively related to sleep outcomes in adults, too. It warrants continued scholarly attention as the functionalities of mobile phones evolve rapidly and exponentially.
Ensemble selection from libraries of models

We present a method for constructing ensembles from libraries of thousands of models. Model libraries are generated using different learning algorithms and parameter settings. Forward stepwise selection is used to add to the ensemble the models that maximize its performance. Ensemble selection allows ensembles to be optimized to performance metric such as accuracy, cross entropy, mean precision, or ROC Area. Experiments with seven test problems and ten metrics demonstrate the benefit of ensemble selection.
Empirical Language Analysis in Software Linguistics

Software linguistics is the science of software languages. In this short paper, we sketch the general discipline of software linguistics, but our focus is on one part of it: empirical analysis of software languages. Such analysis is concerned with understanding language usage on the grounds of a corpus. In this short paper, we sketch a survey on empirical language analysis, and we argue that the research method of content analysis is needed for a thorough survey.
Intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism in a patient with Behçet's disease: a case report and literature review

A 26-year-old woman with intermittent fever was admitted to our hospital, and gradually developed facial edema. Examinations including computed tomography, transesophageal echocardiography, digital subtraction angiography, and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy revealed intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism. Clinical findings and laboratory data led us to make a diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Combination of intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism are rare complications in Behçet's disease. Behçet's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracardiac mass of the right heart, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the management of Behçet's disease especially with large-vessel manifestations. In addition to a case report, we review the literature and report the characteristics of intracardiac thrombus in Behçet's disease.
KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance

This paper provides a new metric, knowledge management performance index (KMPI), for assessing the performance of a firm in its knowledge management (KM) at a point in time. Firms are assumed to have always been oriented toward accumulating and applying knowledge to create economic value and competitive advantage. We therefore suggest the need for a KMPI which we have defined as a logistic function having five components that can be used to determine the knowledge circulation process (KCP): knowledge creation, knowledge accumulation, knowledge sharing, knowledge utilization, and knowledge internalization. When KCP efficiency increases, KMPI will also expand, enabling firms to become knowledgeintensive. To prove KMPI’s contribution, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 101 firms listed in the KOSDAQ market in Korea. We associated KMPI with three financial measures: stock price, price earnings ratio (PER), and R&D expenditure. Statistical results show that the proposed KMPI can represent KCP efficiency, while the three financial performance measures are also useful. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Miniaturized salting-out liquid-liquid extraction of sulfonamides from different matrices.

Salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) uses water-miscible organic solvents as the extractants. The principle of it is based on the phase separation of water-miscible organic solvents from the aqueous solutions in the presence of high concentration of salts. As an effort to miniaturization, in the present study, a 1-mL syringe was employed as the phase separation device for salting-out LLE. Once the phase separation occurred, the upper layer could be narrowed into the needle tip by pushing the plunger; thus, the collection of the upper layer solvent was convenient. By miniaturization, the consumption of organic solvent was decreased as low as possible. Four sulfonamides were used as model analytes. The optimal salting-out parameters were as follows. 150 μL of acetonitrile was added to the 500 μL of sample solution containing 300 mg mL(-1) sodium chloride at a pH of 6.5. This procedure afforded a convenient, fast and cost-saving operation with good cleanup ability for the model analytes. It showed promising applications for different matrices. Herein, food (honey), environmental water (river water) and biological fluid (human urine) were investigated. Satisfactory results were obtained. An additional bonus of this sample preparation method is that, owing to its water-miscible nature, the extraction solvent is compatible with various analytical systems, like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.
A networked two-dimensional sonic anemometer system for the measurement of air velocity in greenhouses

The experimental study of air movement induced by natural ventilation in greenhouses requires a system to measure the air velocity "eld. A networked, two-dimensional sonic anemometer system was developed for simultaneous measurement of the instantaneous air speed and direction at 12 locations. The system performance was tested and validated against a mass #ow controller and a commercial, three-dimensional, ultrasonic anemometer. The sonic anemometer system was then tested in greenhouse conditions. It showed that the high resolution, stability, proper frequency response and low cost of the system were well adapted for the study of the air velocity "eld in greenhouses. ( 1999 Silsoe Research Institute
Adverse outcome of pregnancy following air travel: a myth or a concern?

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether air travel elevates the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in essentially healthy women with single non-anomalous fetuses at a gestational age greater than 20 weeks.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of air travel during the current pregnancy and pregnancy outcome was undertaken in 992 women admitted for delivery over a 12-month period. The study group of 546 (55%) women, of whom 57% were primigravidae, travelled at least once during pregnancy, and were compared with a control group of 447 women (45%), of whom 54% were primigravidae, who did not travel by air.


RESULTS
The primigravidae in the study group showed an increased risk of preterm birth, and this risk was statistically significant between the gestations of 34 and 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence intervals 1.2, 1.8); this risk remained elevated after adjustment for covariates. These women's pregnancies were appreciably shorter than those of primigravidae who did not fly (36.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 39.2 +/- 2.1 weeks) and their babies had lower birthweights (2684 +/- 481 vs. 3481 +/- 703 g). and were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. This group of air travellers is unusual for the uncommonly long and frequent duration of air travel, which is not routinely undertaken in most parts of the world. There were no thromboembolic events complicating any pregnancies.


CONCLUSIONS
Primigravid women who travel by air appear to be at higher risk for preterm birth. Multicentre large studies are required to confirm or repute these findings.