LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Prediction of Open-Circuit Eddy-Current Loss in Series Double Excitation Synchronous Machines

This paper describes an analytical technique for prediction of open circuit eddy-current loss in armature windings and permanent magnets (PM) of series double excitation synchronous machines. First, a 2-D exact analytical solution of open circuit magnetic field distribution in idealized geometry of series double excitation synchronous machine is established. It involves solving Maxwell's equations in stator slots, air gap, PM region, and rotor slots. Then, magnetic vector potential solutions in the stator slots and PM regions are respectively used for prediction of resistance limited eddy currents in armature windings and permanent magnets. This analytical model is then used to estimate eddy-current loss in armature windings and permanent magnets. The validity of the developed model, which is also applicable to conventional designs of permanent-magnet machine, is verified by time-stepped transient finite-element analysis (FEA). The developed model is then used to quantify the effectiveness of segmenting the magnets and armature windings in reducing the eddy-current loss.
Preoperative plasma TIMP-1 is an independent prognostic indicator in patients with primary colorectal cancer: a prospective validation study.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have suggested plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) as a stage independent prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim was to validate plasma TIMP-1 and serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels as prognostic indicators in an independent population-based cohort of patients with CRC.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
During 2000-2003, plasma and serum were collected preoperatively from 322 patients treated for primary CRC. TIMP-1 and CEA levels were determined by validated ELISA platforms.


RESULTS
High TIMP-1 and CEA levels each associated with poor overall survival (OS); TIMP-1 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.7) and CEA (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.3), and disease-free survival (DFS); TIMP-1 (HR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.6) and CEA (HR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.4) in univariate analyses. In stratified analyses of stages II and III, TIMP-1 levels associated significantly with OS and DFS in stages II and III, associations were not found for CEA. Multivariate analysis for OS, including TIMP-1 and CEA levels and clinico-pathological baseline variables, revealed significant association of TIMP-1 (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4) but not CEA levels.


CONCLUSIONS
This independent prospective validation study confirms the significant association between preoperative plasma TIMP-1 levels and survival of CRC patients: TIMP-1 provided stronger prognostic information than CEA. Thus, this study brings plasma TIMP-1 to the next level of evidence for its clinical use as a prognostic marker in CRC patients.
Prenasal thickness-to-nasal bone length ratio: a strong and simple second- and third-trimester marker for trisomy 21.

OBJECTIVES
To study the ratio of prenasal thickness (PT) to nasal bone length (NBL) in normal and trisomy-21 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.


METHODS
The PT and NBL were measured retrospectively in 106 normal fetuses (in three-dimensional (3D) volumes) and in 30 fetuses with trisomy 21 (10 on two-dimensional (2D) images and 20 in 3D volumes).


RESULTS
In normal fetuses the mean PT and NBL increased between 15 and 33 weeks' gestation from 2.3 to 6.1 mm (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and from 3.3 to 9.6 mm (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), respectively. The PT : NBL ratio was stable throughout gestation, with a mean of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.59-0.63; r = - 0.04, P = 0.7). The 5(th) and 95(th) percentiles were 0.48 and 0.80, respectively. In trisomy-21 fetuses the mean PT and NBL increased between 14 and 34 weeks from 3.0 to 9.2 mm (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) and from 1.9 to 7.8 mm (r = 0.85, P < 0.001), respectively. The PT : NBL ratio was significantly higher than in normal fetuses (P < 0.001) but also stable throughout gestation, with a mean of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.20-1.80; r = - 0.35, P = 0.07). Twenty-three (77%) of the 30 fetuses with trisomy 21 had a PT above the 95(th) percentile and 20 (67%) had an NBL below the 5(th) percentile. All the trisomy-21 fetuses had a PT : NBL ratio above the 95(th) percentile. When the 95(th) percentile of the PT : NBL ratio was used as a cut-off value the detection and false positive rates for trisomy 21 were 100 (95% CI, 89-100)% and 5 (95% CI, 2-11)%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 21.2.


CONCLUSIONS
The PT : NBL ratio is stable in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in both normal and trisomy-21 fetuses, but all trisomy-21 fetuses in this series had a PT : NBL ratio above the 95(th) percentile. The ratio is therefore a strong marker for trisomy 21.
An Integrated Neural Network Model for Domain Action Determination in Goal-Oriented Dialogues

A speaker’s intentions can be represented by domain actions (domainindependent speech act and domain-dependent concept sequence pairs). Therefore, it is essential that domain actions be determined when implementing dialogue systems because a dialogue system should determine users’ intentions from their utterances and should create counterpart intentions to the users’ intentions. In this paper, a neural network model is proposed for classifying a user’s domain actions and planning a system’s domain actions. An integrated neural network model is proposed for simultaneously determining user and system domain actions using the same framework. The proposed model performed better than previous non-integrated models in an experiment using a goal-oriented dialogue corpus. This result shows that the proposed integration method contributes to improving domain action determination performance. Keywords—Domain Action, Speech Act, Concept Sequence, Neural Network
Government Ownership of Banks

In this paper, we investigate a neglected aspect of financial systems of many countries around the world: government ownership of banks. We assemble data which establish four findings. First, government ownership of banks is large and pervasive around the world. Second, such ownership is particularly significant in countries with low levels of per capita income, underdeveloped financial systems, interventionist and inefficient governments, and poor protection of property rights. Third, government ownership of banks is associated with slower subsequent financial development. Finally, government ownership of banks is associated with lower subsequent growth of per capita income, and in particular with lower growth of productivity rather than slower factor accumulation. This evidence is inconsistent with the optimistic “development” theories of government ownership of banks common in the 1960s, but supports the more recent “political” theories of the effects of government ownership of firms. Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Department of Economics Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Harvard University Littauer M7 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER and NBER rafael_laporta@harvard.edu f_lopezdesilanes@harvard.edu Andrei Shleifer Department of Economics Littauer M9 Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER ashleifer@harvard.edu
OpenWSN: a standards-based low-power wireless development environment

The OpenWSN project is an open-source implementation of a fully standar ds-based protocol stack for capillary networks, rooted in the new IEEE802.15.4e Time Synchronized Channel Hopping standard. IEEE802.15.4e, coupled with Internetof-Things standards, such as 6LoWPAN, RPL and CoAP, enables ultra -low power and highly reliable mesh networks which are fully integrated into the Internet. The resulting protocol stack will be cor nerstone to the upcoming Machine-to-Machine revolution. This article gives an overview of the protocol stack, as well key integratio n details and the platforms and tools developed around it. The pure C OpenWSN stack was ported to four off-the-shelf p latforms representative of hardware currently used, from older 16-bit micro-controller to state-of-the-art 32-bit Co rtex-M architectures. The tools developed around the low-power mesh networks include visualization and debugging software, a simulator to mimic OpenWSN networks on a PC, and the environment needed to connect those networks to the Intern et. Experimental results presented in this article include a network where motes operate at an average radio duty cycle well below 0.1% and an average current draw of 68 μA on off-the-shelf hardware. These ultra-low power requirements ena bl a range of applications, with motes perpetually powered by micro-scaven ging devices. OpenWSN is, to the best of our knowledge, the first open-source implementation of the IEEE802.15.4 e standard. Copyright c © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance

Building on the resource-based view, we develop a model of drivers and outcomes of environmentally friendly marketing strategies in the Greek hotel sector. Data collected from 152 hotels reveal that possessing sufficient physical and financial resources is instrumental in achieving effective green marketing strategies. In addition, shared vision and technology sensing/response capabilities help develop a sound environmentally friendly marketing strategy. In turn, the adoption of such a strategy is conducive to obtaining competitive advantage, which subsequently increases the potential to achieve superior market and financial performance. Furthermore, the study finds that the effect of environmental marketing strategy on competitive advantage is stronger in the case of intense competitive situations, while market dynamism has no moderating effect on this association. Several implications can be drawn from the study findings for both corporate and public policy makers and interesting directions for future research are provided. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rationale and Design of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)

OBJECTIVE
The epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) threatens to become the major public health problem of this century. However, a comprehensive comparison of the long-term effects of medications to treat T2DM has not been conducted. GRADE, a pragmatic, unmasked clinical trial, aims to compare commonly used diabetes medications, when combined with metformin, on glycemia-lowering effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
GRADE was designed with support from a U34 planning grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The consensus protocol was approved by NIDDK and the GRADE Research Group. Eligibility criteria for the 5,000 metformin-treated subjects include <5 years' diabetes duration, ≥ 30 years of age at time of diagnosis, and baseline hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 6.8-8.5% (51-69 mmol/mol). Medications representing four classes (sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and insulin) will be randomly assigned and added to metformin (minimum-maximum 1,000-2,000 mg/day). The primary metabolic outcome is the time to primary failure defined as an A1C ≥ 7% (53 mmol/mol), subsequently confirmed, over an anticipated mean observation period of 4.8 years (range 4-7 years). Other long-term metabolic outcomes include the need for the addition of basal insulin after a confirmed A1C >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and, ultimately, the need to implement an intensive basal/bolus insulin regimen. The four drugs will also be compared with respect to selected microvascular complications, cardiovascular disease risk factors, adverse effects, tolerability, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.


CONCLUSIONS
GRADE will compare the long-term effectiveness of major glycemia-lowering medications and provide guidance to clinicians about the most appropriate medications to treat T2DM. GRADE begins recruitment at 37 centers in the U.S. in 2013.
Growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol response to exercise in patients with depression.

BACKGROUND
A blunted growth hormone and prolactin response to pharmacological stress test have previously been found in depressed patients, as well as an increased cortisol response to psychosocial stress. This study investigated these hormones in response to acute exercise using an incremental bicycle test.


METHOD
A cross-sectional comparison of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in depressed (n=137) and healthy (n=44) subjects during rest and in response to an incremental bicycle test. Secondly, we tested the depressed patients again after a 4-month randomized naturalistic exercise intervention.


RESULTS
Resting plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, or prolactin (PRL) did not differ between depressed and healthy subjects (all p-values>.12). In response to an incremental bicycle test the GH (p=.02) and cortisol (p=.05) response in depressed was different compared to healthy controls. The effect of acute exercise stress on PRL (p=.56) did not differ between depressed and healthy subjects. Apart from a decrease in GH response in the strength-training group (p=.03) the pragmatic exercise intervention did not affect resting hormonal levels, or the response to acute exercise.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with mild to moderate depression had a different growth hormone and cortisol response to acute exercise stress compared to healthy controls. Strength training was able to reduce the growth hormone response to acute exercise stress in this patient population. Studies with more rigorous inclusion criteria and higher exercise frequencies are needed to evaluate and confirm the possible effect of exercise in depressed subjects.
Skew detection and text line position determination in digitized documents

-This paper proposes a computationally efficient procedure for skew detection and text line position determination in digitized documents, which is based on the cross-correlation between the pixels of vertical lines in a document. The determination of the skew angle in documents is essential in optical character recognition systems. Due to the text skew, each horizontal text line intersects a predefined set of vertical lines at nonhorizontal positions. Using only the pixels on these vertical lines we construct a correlation matrix and evaluate the skew angle of the document with high accuracy. In addition, using the same matrix, we compute the positions of text lines in the document. The proposed method is tested on a variety of mixed-type documents and it provides good and accurate results while it requires only a short computational time. We illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm by presenting four characteristic examples. (~ 1997 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Skew detection Hough transform Character recognition Segmentation
Antioxidant activity comparison of walnuts and fatty fish.

BACKGROUND
Walnuts and fatty fish contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been shown to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Walnuts and fatty fish also contain other nutrients, such as antioxidants, that contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular disease.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of dietary walnuts and fatty fish on the plasma and urine oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
Twenty-five subjects participated in this randomized 3 x 3 crossover study, which was performed under controlled metabolic feeding conditions. Subjects consumed 3 isoenergetic diets and each diet was consumed for 4 weeks: a control diet (no nuts or fish), a walnut diet (1.5 oz/day of walnuts, 6 times/week) and a fish diet (8 oz/week of salmon). Blood specimens were collected at baseline and at the end of each diet period.


RESULTS
The results showed that the plasma hydrophilic ORAC was significantly higher in the walnut diet compared with the control diet and the fish diet (p < 0.0001). In addition, the urine ORAC was significantly higher in the walnut diet and the fish diet compared with the control diet (p < 0.0001). Moreover the hydrophilic/lipophilic ORAC for the food itself was significantly higher in the walnut diet compared with the control diet and the fish diet (p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSION
The present results suggest that walnuts have a large antioxidant capacity; therefore, including walnuts in the daily diet may be beneficial to maintain an antioxidant status in the body.
Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE
Current estimates of the prevalence of depression during pregnancy vary widely. A more precise estimate is required to identify the level of disease burden and develop strategies for managing depressive disorders. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression during pregnancy by trimester, as detected by validated screening instruments (ie, Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score) and structured interviews, and to compare the rates among instruments.


DATA SOURCES
Observational studies and surveys were searched in MEDLINE from 1966, CINAHL from 1982, EMBASE from 1980, and HealthSTAR from 1975.


METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION
A validated study selection/data extraction form detailed acceptance criteria. Numbers and percentages of depressed patients, by weeks of gestation or trimester, were reported.


TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS
Two reviewers independently extracted data; a third party resolved disagreement. Two raters assessed quality by using a 12-point checklist. A random effects meta-analytic model produced point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was examined with the chi(2) test (no systematic bias detected). Funnel plots and Begg-Mazumdar test were used to assess publication bias (none found). Of 714 articles identified, 21 (19,284 patients) met the study criteria. Quality scores averaged 62%. Prevalence rates (95% CIs) were 7.4% (2.2, 12.6), 12.8% (10.7, 14.8), and 12.0% (7.4, 16.7) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Structured interviews found lower rates than the Beck Depression Inventory but not the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.


CONCLUSION
Rates of depression, especially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, are substantial. Clinical and economic studies to estimate maternal and fetal consequences are needed.
3D Mapping of Surface Temperature Using Thermal Stereo

In this paper we present a simple but novel technique to recover 3D temperature map from a pair of calibrated thermal cameras. The method is also useful in estimating depth of an object in the dark environment
Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: a single-institution experience.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinicopathologic prognostic factors in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.


METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 70 patients treated from 1990 to 2006 at our center. Clinical data including demographics, stage, surgery, chemotherapy, survival, menses status, and fertility were collected from patients' charts.


RESULTS
Median age was 22 years (range, 9-68). The histologic subtypes included 36 dysgerminomas, 11 yolk sac tumors, 3 immature teratomas, 1 embryonal carcinomas, and 19 mixed types. The most striking clinicopathologic finding was a history of concomitant immunosuppressant therapy, which was observed in 2 patients. Two patients had contralateral sex-cord tumors at presentation and follow-up. During a median follow-up period of 4.6 years, 11 patients had recurrence. The median time to recurrence was 8 months (6-28 months). Recurrences appeared in the abdominopelvic cavity in 9 out of 11 patients. Only one could be salvaged with second-line chemotherapy. Cumulative survival rate was 97% and 60% in patients with dysgerminoma and nondysgerminoma, respectively. Nondysgerminoma histology and residual tumor after surgery were unfavorable prognostic factors (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015). Fertility-sparing surgery was as effective as radical surgery among all eligible patients. Of patients with known menstrual status, 96% had regular menses. Of the 8 patients who opted for conception among these patients, 7 delivered healthy infants.


CONCLUSIONS
Nondysgerminomas have an aggressive clinical course. New treatment strategies are needed for eradication of abdominopelvic disease at initial diagnosis and recurrent setting. Occurrence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors may be associated with immunosuppression in some patients. Sex-cord stromal tumors may present with bilateral involvement. It is possible to maintain fertility after fertility-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy.
Human antibodies targeting Zika virus NS1 provide protection against disease in a mouse model

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Specific treatments and vaccines for Zika virus are not currently available. Here, we isolate and characterize four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an infected patient that target the non-structural protein NS1. We show that while these antibodies are non-neutralizing, NS1-specific mAbs can engage FcγR without inducing antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that mAb AA12 has protective efficacy against lethal challenges of African and Asian lineage strains of Zika virus in Stat2 –/– mice. Protection is Fc-dependent, as a mutated antibody unable to activate known Fc effector functions or complement is not protective in vivo. This study highlights the importance of the ZIKV NS1 protein as a potential vaccine antigen. Zika virus infection can cause severe disease in humans and there are currently no specific treatments or vaccines. Here, Bailey et al. isolate antibodies recognizing non-structural protein NS1 and show that they protect mice from disease by an Fc-dependent, non-neutralizing mechanism.
A chaotic path planning generator for autonomous mobile robots

This work presents a chaotic path planning generator which is used in autonomous mobile robots, in order to cover a terrain. The proposed generator is based on a nonlinear circuit, which shows chaotic behavior. The bit sequence, produced by the chaotic generator, is converted to a sequence of planned positions, which satisfies the requirements for unpredictability and fast scanning of the entire terrain. The nonlinear circuit and the trajectory-planner are described thoroughly. Simulation tests confirm that with the proposed path planning generator better results can be obtained with regard to previous works. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sea surface salinity structure of the meandering Gulf Stream revealed by SMOS sensor: SSS OVER THE GULF STREAM BY SMOS

Measurements from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite acquired during 2012 in the western North Atlantic are used to reveal the evolution of the sea surface salinity (SSS) structure of the meandering Gulf Stream with an unprecedented space and time resolution. Combined with in situ surface and profile measurements, satellite-derived surface currents, sea surface height (SSH), surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll (Chl) data, SMOS SSS observations are shown to coherently delineate meanders pinching off from the current to form well-identified salty(warm-) and fresh(cold-) core Gulf Stream rings. A covariance analysis at two locations along the separated Gulf stream path (south of Nova Scotia and in the Gulf Stream Extension) reveals a systematically higher correlation between SSS and sea level variability than between SSTand SSH during the warmer half of the year. Within (75°W–40°W; 30°N–50°N), Chl concentration is also found to significantly depend on the SSS as SST increases above 20°C.