LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Stresses Related to Hypercapnia during Patrols on Submarines

Schaefer, K. E. 1979. Physiological stresses related to hypercapnia during patrols on submarines. Undersea Biomed. Res. Sub. Suppl.: S15-S47.—Physiological studies on hypercapnic effects carried out on 13 Polaris patrols are summarized. The average C02 concentrations ranged from 0.7-1% C02; C02 was identified as the only environmental contaminant of the submarine atmosphere that has a direct effect on respiration in the concentration range found in the submarine atmosphere. A comparison has been made of physiological effects produced during 42 days of exposure to 1.5% C02 during laboratory studies (L.S.) with those observed during 50 to 60 days of exposure to 0.7-1% C02 on patrols (P.S.). A close similarity was found in the effects on respiration and blood electrolytes under both conditions. Respiratory minute volume was elevated by 40-63% because of increased tidal volume. The physiological dead space increased 60%. Vital capacity showed a trend toward a decrease. Studies of acid-base balance carried out during patrols demonstrated cyclic changes in blood pH and bicarbonate; pH and blood bicarbonate fell during the first 17 days of exposure, rose during the subsequent 20 days, and decreased again after 40 days. These cycles cannot be explained on the basis of known renal regulations in C02-induced acidosis and were not found during exposure to 1.5% C02. The hypothesis is advanced that these changes in acid-base balance are caused by cycles in C02 uptake and release in bones. The time constants of the bone C02 stores fit the observed length of cycles in acid-base balance. Correlation with cycles of calcium metabolism provides further support for this uypotnesis. Red cell electrolytes showed similar changes under 1.5% C02 (L.S.) and 0.7-1% C02 (P.S.). Red cell sodium increased and potassium decreased. Moreover, red cell calcium also increased under both conditions. The significance of these red cell electrolyte changes in regard to changes in permeability and active transport remains to be clarified. An increased gastric acidity was found during patrol (exposure to 0.80.95% C02). The changes observed during patrols disappeared during the recovery periods.
Distributed Clock Parameters Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network

Clock parameters (skew and offset) in sensor network are inherently time-varying due to imperfect oscillator circuits. This paper develops a distributed Kalman filter for clock parameters tracking. The proposed algorithm only requires each node to exchange limited information with its direct neighbors, thus is energy efficient, scalable with network size, and is robust to changes in network connectivity. A low-complexity distributed algorithm based on Coordinate-Descent with Bootstrap (CD-BS) is also proposed to provide rapid initialization to the tracking algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed distributed tracking algorithm maintains long-term clock parameters accuracy close to the Bayesian Cramer-Rao Lower Bound.
Fuzzy Gauge Capability (Cg and Cgk) through Buckley Approach

Abstract—Different terms of the Statistical Process Control (SPC) has sketch in the fuzzy environment. However, Measurement System Analysis (MSA), as a main branch of the SPC, is rarely investigated in fuzzy area. This procedure assesses the suitability of the data to be used in later stages or decisions of the SPC. Therefore, this research focuses on some important measures of MSA and through a new method introduces the measures in fuzzy environment. In this method, which works based on Buckley approach, imprecision and vagueness nature of the real world measurement are considered simultaneously. To do so, fuzzy version of the gauge capability (Cg and Cgk) are introduced. The method is also explained through example clearly.
On Abstract Intelligence: Toward a Unifying Theory of Natural, Artificial, Machinable, and Computational Intelligence

intelligence is a human enquiry of both natural and artificial intelligence at the reductive embodying levels of neural, cognitive, functional, and logical from the bottom up. This paper describes the taxonomy and nature of intelligence. It analyzes roles of information in the evolution of human intelligence, and the needs for logical abstraction in modeling the brain and natural intelligence. A formal model of intelligence is developed known as the Generic Abstract Intelligence Mode (GAIM), which provides a foundation to explain the mechanisms of advanced natural intelligence such as thinking, learning, and inferences. A measurement framework of intelligent capability of humans and systems is comparatively studied in the forms of intelligent quotient, intelligent equivalence, and intelligent metrics. On the basis of the GAIM model and the abstract intelligence theories, the compatibility of natural and machine intelligence is revealed in order to investigate into a wide range of paradigms of abstract intelligence such as natural, artificial, machinable intelligence, and their engineering applications.
Computer-Based Examples Designed to Encourage Optimal Example Processing: A Study Examining the Impact of Sequentially Presented, Subgoal-Oriented Worked Examples 1

This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of a specific type of computer-based worked example, one designed to encourage students to study the example in an optimal fashion by: (1) incorporating visually isolated and labeled subgoals, a structural manipulation that appears to enhance the way in which students study examples; as well as (2) presenting problem states sequentially, a manipulation that appears to have the potential to accomplish the same goal. The study also examined the effects of having examples present or absent during practice problem solving. Findings indicated that sequentially-presented examples with clearly isolated subgoals produce better conceptual performance than do examples in which solutions are presented all at once without strong subgoal emphasis. It is still unclear whether examples should be present or withdrawn during practice problem solving.
Opioid rotation in patients with cancer pain. A retrospective comparison of dose ratios between methadone, hydromorphone, and morphine.

BACKGROUND
When a change of opioid is considered, equianalgesic dose tables are used. These tables generally propose a dose ratio of 5:1 between morphine and hydromorphone. In the case of a change from subcutaneous hydromorphone to methadone, dose ratios ranging from 1:6 to 1:10 are proposed. The purpose of this study was to review the analgesic dose ratios for methadone compared with hydromorphone.


METHODS
In a retrospective study, 48 cases of medication changes from morphine to hydromorphone, and 65 changes between hydromorphone and methadone were identified. the reason for the change, the analgesic dose, and pain intensity were obtained.


RESULTS
The dose ratios between morphine and hydromorphone and vice versa were found to be 5.33 and 0.28, respectively (similar to expected results). However, the hydromorphone/methadone ratio was found to be 1.14:1 (5 to 10 times higher than expected). Although the dose ratios of hydromorphone/morphine and vice versa did not change according to a previous opioid dose, the hydromorphone/methadone ratio correlated with total opioid dose (correlation coefficient = 0.41 P < 0.001) and was 1.6 (range, 0.3-14.4) in patients receiving more than 330 mg of hydromorphone per day prior to the change, versus 0.95 (range, 0.2-12.3) in patients receiving ae330 mg of hydromorphone per day (P = 0.023).


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that only partial tolerance develops between methadone and hydromorphone. Methadone is much more potent than previously described and any change should start at a lower equivalent dose.
Molecular Medicine in Practice Phase I Clinical Trial of MPC-6827 ( Azixa ) , a Microtubule Destabilizing Agent , in Patients with Advanced Cancer

MPC-6827 (Azixa) is a small-moleculemicrotubule-destabilizing agent that binds to the same (or nearby) sites on b-tubulin as colchicine. This phase I study was designed to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerateddose (MTD), andpharmacokinetics (PK) ofMPC-6827 inpatientswith solid tumors. Patients with advanced/metastatic cancer were treated with once-weekly, 1to 2-hour intravenous administration of MPC-6827 for 3 consecutiveweeks every 28 days (1 cycle). Dose escalation beganwith 0.3, 0.6, 1, and 1.5mg/m, with subsequent increments of 0.6 mg/m until the MTD was determined. A 3 þ 3 design was used. Pharmacokinetics ofMPC-6827 and itsmetaboliteMPI-0440627were evaluated. Forty-eightpatients received therapy; 79 cycleswere completed (median, 1; range, 1–10). Themost commonadverse eventswerenausea, fatigue, flushing, and hyperglycemia. The DLT was nonfatal grade 3 myocardial infarction at 3.9 mg/m (1/6 patients) and at 4.5mg/m (1/7patients). TheMTDwasdetermined tobe3.3mg/m (0/13patientshadaDLT). Five (10.4%)of the 48 patients achieved stable disease (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) for 4 months or greater. MPC-6827 has a high volume of distribution and clearance. Half-life ranged from 3.8 to 7.5 hours. In conclusion, MPC-6827administered intravenouslyover2hoursat adoseof3.3mg/monceweekly for 3weeks every 28days was safe inpatientswithheavilypretreated cancer.Clinical trialswithMPC-6827and chemotherapyareongoing. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(12); 3410–9. 2010 AACR.
Quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand: MOS-HIV Health Survey

Objectives: Translation and psychometric evaluation of a Thai version of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) in Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional survey in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand, with data collected in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire designed to measure 10 scales of quality of life (QOL). We recruited 200 people with HIV/AIDS attending self-help groups in the municipal area. Standard guidelines were followed for questionnaire translation and psychometric evaluations. Results: Item-level internal consistency and discriminant validity were reasonably established. Success rates were 93.8 and 97.4%, respectively. Scale-level internal consistency reliability of multi-item scales was satisfactory, ranging from 0.74 to 0.88, with all exceeding inter-scale correlations. Principal components analysis of item and scale scores identified two hypothesized dimensions of the MOS-HIV. The mental health component was strongly loaded by health distress, mental health, vitality and cognitive function scales, and physical health by role, physical and social functions, and pain scales. Respondents manifesting symptoms or reporting worsening health status scored significantly lower on all scales. Conclusions: These preliminary studies have shown the Thai version of the MOS-HIV to have psychometric properties comparable with those reported in previous surveys. Further testing and modification should make it useful as an HIV-specific QOL measure in Thailand.
Metformin does not reduce markers of cell proliferation in esophageal tissues of patients with Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Obesity is associated with neoplasia, possibly via insulin-mediated cell pathways that affect cell proliferation. Metformin has been proposed to protect against obesity-associated cancers by decreasing serum insulin. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) to assess the effect of metformin on phosphorylated S6 kinase (pS6K1), a biomarker of insulin pathway activation.


METHODS
Seventy-four subjects with BE (mean age, 58.7 years; 58 men [78%; 52 with BE >2 cm [70%]) were recruited through 8 participating organizations of the Cancer Prevention Network. Participants were randomly assigned to groups given metformin daily (increasing to 2000 mg/day by week 4, n = 38) or placebo (n = 36) for 12 weeks. Biopsy specimens were collected at baseline and at week 12 via esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We calculated and compared percent changes in median levels of pS6K1 between subjects given metformin vs placebo as the primary end point.


RESULTS
The percent change in median level of pS6K1 did not differ significantly between groups (1.4% among subjects given metformin vs -14.7% among subjects given placebo; 1-sided P = .80). Metformin was associated with an almost significant reduction in serum levels of insulin (median -4.7% among subjects given metformin vs 23.6% increase among those given placebo, P = .08) as well as in homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance (median -7.2% among subjects given metformin vs 38% increase among those given placebo, P = .06). Metformin had no effects on cell proliferation (on the basis of assays for KI67) or apoptosis (on the basis of levels of caspase 3).


CONCLUSIONS
In a chemoprevention trial of patients with BE, daily administration of metformin for 12 weeks, compared with placebo, did not cause major reductions in esophageal levels of pS6K1. Although metformin reduced serum levels of insulin and insulin resistance, it did not discernibly alter epithelial proliferation or apoptosis in esophageal tissues. These findings do not support metformin as a chemopreventive agent for BE-associated carcinogenesis. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01447927.
Monkey Algorithm for Global Numerical Optimization

In this paper, monkey algorithm (MA) is designed to solve global numerical optimization problems with continuous variables. The algorithm mainly consists of climb process, watch-jump process, and somersault process in which the climb process is employed to search the local optimal solution, the watch-jump process to look for other points whose objective values exceed those of the current solutions so as to accelerate the monkeys’ search courses, and the somersault process to make the monkeys transfer to new search domains rapidly. The proposed algorithm is applied to effectively solve the benchmark problems of global optimization with 30, 1000 or even 10000 dimensions. The computational results show that the MA can find optimal or near-optimal solutions to the problems with a large dimensions and very large numbers of local optima. c ©2008 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.
High-Frequency Modeling of an Adjustable Speed Drive

The use of high frequency switching power devices in adjustable speed drives (ASDs) induces high voltage variations (dv/dt) that excite the parasitic elements of the power circuit, leading to conducted emissions at high frequencies. The advent of these devices has thus generated several unexpected problems, such as premature deterioration of motor ball bearings and high increases in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) levels, caused by the circulation of the high frequency parasitic currents. This paper deals with high frequency modeling of an ASD system. This will be used to study the influence of the PWM inverter commutations on the level of the common mode and the differential mode currents between the power converter and the motor. First a shielded 4-wire energy cable model is presented. Then, a high frequency model of the PWM inverter and a model of the AC motor are proposed. Finally, the ASD system is simulated and the obtained results are compared to the experimental measurements
Genetic Algorithms and its application to image fusion

Image fusion is the process of combining images taken from different sources, to obtain better situational awareness. In fusing source images, the objective is to combine the most relevant information from source images into a composite image. There are many Image Fusion techniques based on signal, pixel, feature and symbol level fusion. Genetic Algorithms (GA's) are used for solving optimization problems. GA can be employed to image fusion where some kind of parameter optimization is required. In this paper, an existing and three novel image fusion algorithms which use GA's are presented. The experimental results have shown that GA based image fusion algorithms outperform the existing image fusion algorithms. GA based image fusion methods are time consuming, so they cannot be adopted in real time applications, however they can be very helpful in static image fusion applications (e.g. concealed weapon detection, medical imaging, remote sensing, weather forecasting etc).
Knowledge management in construction supply chain integration

Knowledge Management (KM) is becoming increasingly important for organisations across a wide spectrum of industry sectors, especially for the naturally fragmented construction industry. There has been a growing realisation that it is very important for each project participant to effectively capture, share and utilise strategic knowledge and project knowledge, as well as process knowledge within the construction supply chain for better performance. This paper highlights the benefits of integrated construction supply chain management through effective KM. The paper reviews the general literature in construction supply chains and KM and presents some initiatives in Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 208 M.M.A. Khalfan, M. Kashyap, X. Li and C. Abbott the abovementioned area, followed by a full theory analysis and case study. The case study was conducted with a public sector client organisation in the UK. It explored their strategies for an integrated construction supply chain through KM, knowledge capture and knowledge sharing. It also studied the reuse by their employees as well as by the other organisations they worked with to deliver construction projects in north-west England. The paper concludes that KM would effectively improve the integration of construction supply chains and thus improve overall production performance.
College students’ homework and academic achievement: The mediating role of self-regulatory beliefs

The influence of homework experiences on students’ academic grades was studied with 223 college students. Students’ self-efficacy for learning and perceived responsibility beliefs were included as mediating variables in this research. The students’ homework influenced their achievement indirectly via these two self-regulatory beliefs as well as directly. Self-efficacy for learning, although moderately correlated with perceptions of responsibility, predicted course grades more strongly than the latter variable. No gender differences were found for any of the variables, a finding that extends prior research based on high school girls. Educational implications about the importance of students’ homework completion and its relationship to college students’ development of self-regulation and positive self-efficacy beliefs is discussed from a social cognitive perspective.
Towards Highly Accurate and Stable Face Alignment for High-Resolution Videos

In recent years, heatmap regression based models have shown their effectiveness in face alignment and pose estimation. However, Conventional Heatmap Regression (CHR) is not accurate nor stable when dealing with high-resolution facial videos, since it finds the maximum activated location in heatmaps which are generated from rounding coordinates, and thus leads to quantization errors when scaling back to the original high-resolution space. In this paper, we propose a Fractional Heatmap Regression (FHR) for high-resolution video-based face alignment. The proposed FHR can accurately estimate the fractional part according to the 2D Gaussian function by sampling three points in heatmaps. To further stabilize the landmarks among continuous video frames while maintaining the precise at the same time, we propose a novel stabilization loss that contains two terms to address time delay and non-smooth issues, respectively. Experiments on 300W, 300VW and Talking Face datasets clearly demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate and stable than the state-ofthe-art models. Introduction Face alignment aims to estimate a set of facial landmarks given a face image or video sequence. It is a classic computer vision problem that has attributed to many advanced machine learning algorithms Fan et al. (2018); Bulat and Tzimiropoulos (2017); Trigeorgis et al. (2016); Peng et al. (2015, 2016); Kowalski, Naruniec, and Trzcinski (2017); Chen et al. (2017); Liu et al. (2017); Hu et al. (2018). Nowadays, with the rapid development of consumer hardwares (e.g., mobile phones, digital cameras), High-Resolution (HR) video sequences can be easily collected. Estimating facial landmarks on such highresolution facial data has tremendous applications, e.g., face makeup Chen, Shen, and Jia (2017), editing with special effects Korshunova et al. (2017) in live broadcast videos. However, most existing face alinement methods work on faces with medium image resolutions Chen et al. (2017); Bulat and Tzimiropoulos (2017); Peng et al. (2016); Liu et al. (2017). Therefore, developing face alignment algorithms for high-resolution videos is at the core of this paper. To this end, we propose an accurate and stable algorithm for high-resolution video-based face alignment, named Fractional Heatmap Regression (FHR). It is well known that ∗ indicates equal contributions. Conventional Heatmap Regression (CHR) Loss Fractional Heatmap Regression (FHR) Loss 930 744 411
Adaptive identification of MR damper for vibration control

Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a promising semi-active device for vibration control of structures. This paper presents a simple mathematical model of MR damper with a small number of model parameters, which can express its hysteresis behavior of nonlinear dynamic friction mechanism of the MR fluid. The adaptive identification algorithm is also proposed in which the uncertain model parameters and internal state variable can be estimated in an online manner. The proposed model has an advantage that by using its inverse model we can analytically determine the necessary input voltage to the MR damper so that the desirable damper force can be added to the structure in an adaptive manner. Experimental results validate the proposed adaptive modeling method and the model-based inverse control approach in vibration isolation of three story structure.
Tool wear optimization in turning operation by Taguchi method

A design of experiment-based approach is adopted to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) that may yield optimal tool wear (flank wear and crater wear) to titanium carbide coated carbide inserts while machining En24 steel (0.4% C), a difficult-to-machine material. The effects of the selected process parameters on tool wear and subsequent optimal settings of the parameters have been accomplished using Taguchi’s parameter design approach. The results indicate that the selected process parameters affect significantly the tool wear characteristics of TiC coated carbide tool. The predicted optimal values of flank wear width and crater wear depth of coated carbide tool while machining En24 steel are 0.172 mm and 0.244 micron respectively. The results are further confirmed by conducting further experiments.
Networked Participatory Scholarship: Emergent techno-cultural pressures toward open and digital scholarship in online networks

We examine the relationship between scholarly practice and participatory technologies and explore how such technologies invite and reflect the emergence of a new form of scholarship that we call Networked Participatory Scholarship: scholars’ participation in online social networks to share, reflect upon, critique, improve, validate, and otherwise develop their scholarship. We discuss emergent techno-cultural pressures that may influence higher education scholars to reconsider some of the foundational principles upon which scholarship has been established due to the limitations of a pre-digital world, and delineate how scholarship itself is changing with the emergence of certain tools, social behaviors, and cultural expectations associated with participatory technologies. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.