LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On the construction of global models describing isolated rotating charged bodies; uniqueness of the exterior gravitational field

A relatively recent study by Mars and Senovilla provided us with a uniqueness result for the exterior vacuum gravitational field of global models describing finite isolated rotating bodies in equilibrium in General Relativity (GR). The generalisation to exterior electrovacuum gravitational fields, to include charged rotating objects, is presented here.
Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design

Activity theory holds that the human mind is the product of our interaction with people and artifacts in the context of everyday activity. Acting with Technology makes the case for activity theory as a basis for...
Successful treatment of bacillary angiomatosis with oral doxycycline in an HIV-infected child with skin lesions mimicking Kaposi sarcoma

ART: antiretroviral therapy BA: bacillary angiomatosis HHV-8: human herpes virus 8 KS: Kaposi sarcoma CASE REPORT A 12-year-old boy presented for treatment of widespread papules and fungating, ulcerating nodules (Fig 1). Seven months before referral, HIV was diagnosed, and he started antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a baseline CD4 count of 76 cells per microliter (5%). Per history, the rash began 1 month after ART initiation and progressively worsened in the 6 months after ART therapy started. The patient was referred to the Baylor Tanzania Center of Excellence in Mbeya, Tanzania because of concern of possible Kaposi sarcoma (KS). A skin biopsy was performed. The patient underwent chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound scan, and liver/renal function tests, the results of which were normal. A complete blood count was notable for severe anemia (hemoglobin level of 4.0 g/dL) requiring blood transfusion. The clinical diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was favored, and the patient was prescribed doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily. Although KS was also in the clinical differential diagnosis, chemotherapy was withheld pending biopsy results. Histologically, the lesion biopsy result was consistent with BA, and bacilli were observed with Warthin-Starry staining. At the 1-week follow-up appointment, a dramatic improvement in the appearance of the lesions was noted (Fig 2). The patient continued doxycycline with continued improvement over 7 additional weeks, with near complete resolution of the sores and lesions (Fig 3).
Errors due to measuring voltage on current-carrying electrodes in electric current computed tomography

It is shown that when a multiplicity of electrodes are attached to a body's surface, the voltage data are most sensitive to changes in resistivity in the body's interior when voltages are measured from all electrodes, including those carrying current. This assertion, which is true despite the presence of significant levels of skin impedance at the electrodes, is supported both theoretically and by experiment. Data were first taken for current and voltage at all electrodes. Then current was applied only at a pair of electrodes, with voltages measured on all other electrodes. Targets could be detected with better signal-to-noise ratio by using the reconstructed data than by using the directly measured voltages on noncurrent-carrying electrodes. Images made from voltage data using only non-current-carrying electrodes had higher noise levels. It is concluded that in multiple electrode systems for electric-current-computed tomography, current should be applied and voltage should be measured from all available electrodes.<<ETX>>
Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessment of health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease.

OBJECTIVE
To develop, validate, and evaluate a questionnaire (Cats' Assessment Tool for Cardiac Health [CATCH] questionnaire) for assessing health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease.


DESIGN
Prospective study.


ANIMALS
275 cats with cardiac disease.


PROCEDURES
The questionnaire was developed on the basis of clinical signs of cardiac disease in cats. A CATCH score was calculated by summing responses to questionnaire items; possible scores ranged from 0 to 80. For questionnaire validation, owners of 75 cats were asked to complete the questionnaire (10 owners completed the questionnaire twice). Disease severity was assessed with the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification for cardiac disease. Following validation, the final questionnaire was administered to owners of the remaining 200 cats.


RESULTS
Internal consistency of the questionnaire was good, and the CATCH score was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification. For owners that completed the questionnaire twice, scores were significantly correlated. During the second phase of the study, the CATCH score ranged from 0 to 74 (median, 7) and was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that the CATCH questionnaire is a valid and reliable method for assessing health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease. Further research is warranted to test the tool's sensitivity to changes in medical treatment and its potential role as a clinical and research tool.
Omega-3 fatty acids plus rosuvastatin improves endothelial function in South Asians with dyslipidemia

BACKGROUND
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of statins plus omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on endothelial function and lipid profile in South Asians with dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, a population at high risk for premature coronary artery disease.


METHODS
Thirty subjects were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg and omega-3-PUFAs 4 g or rosuvastatin 10 mg. After 4 weeks, omega-3-PUFAs were removed from the first group and added to subjects in the second group. All subjects underwent baseline, 4-, and 8-week assessment of endothelial function and lipid profile.


RESULTS
Compared to baseline, omega-3-PUFAs plus rosuvastatin improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation (EDV: -1.42% to 11.36%, p = 0.001), and endothelial-independent vasodilation (EIV: 3.4% to 17.37%, p = 0.002). These effects were lost when omega-3-PUFAs were removed (EDV: 11.36% to 0.59%, p = 0.003). In the second group, rosuvastatin alone failed to improve both EDV and EIV compared to baseline. However, adding omega-3-PUFAs to rosuvastatin, significantly improved EDV (-0.66% to 14.73%, p = 0.001) and EIV (11.02% to 24.5%, p = 0.001). Addition of omega-3-PUFAs further improved the lipid profile (triglycerides 139 to 91 mg/dl, p = 0.006, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 116 to 88 mg/dl, p = 0.014).


CONCLUSIONS
Combined therapy with omega-3-PUFAs and rosuvastatin improves endothelial function in South Asian subjects with dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction.
UCF101: A Dataset of 101 Human Actions Classes From Videos in The Wild

We introduce UCF101 which is currently the largest dataset of human actions. It consists of 101 action classes, over 13k clips and 27 hours of video data. The database consists of realistic user-uploaded videos containing camera motion and cluttered background. Additionally, we provide baseline action recognition results on this new dataset using standard bag of words approach with overall performance of 43.9%. To the best of our knowledge, UCF101 is currently the most challenging dataset of actions due to its large number of classes, large number of clips and also unconstrained nature of such clips.
Therapeutic effects of the long-term use of PAN membrane dialyzer in hemodialysis patients: efficacy in old dialysis patients with mild PAD.

BACKGROUND
AN69 dialyzer, a plate type dialyzer with a polyacrylonitrile membrane (PAN membrane) is reported to reduce symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients with complications such as poor nutritional status and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Yet very few studies have investigated the long-term use of the PAN membrane or compared the solute-removal properties of the PAN membrane with those of the Type IV polysulfone membrane (PS membrane), the dialysis membrane most widely used. In the present study we compared the contaminant-removal properties of the AN69 membrane dialyzer with those of a Type IV PS membrane dialyzer and investigated the clinical effects of the long-term use of the former for elderly hemodialysis patients with mild PAD.


METHODS
Cross-over trials with 2 week intervals for solute were conducted in 6 patients to compare the performance of the membranes in removing small molecular weight substances, β2 microglobulin (β2MG), amino acid (AA), and serum albumin (Alb). Next, the AN69 membrane was used for dialysis over a period of 72 weeks in 8 patients. The time course changes of Alb, the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), the % creatinine generation rate (%CGR), the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and the dry weight (DW) were observed to evaluate the nutritional status. The time course changes of β2MG, C-reactive proteins (CRP), LDL cholesterol (LDL), fibrinogens (Fib), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hemoglobin (Hb), ferritins, transferrin saturation (TSAT), dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), and dose of iron were observed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of long-term use. Skin perfusion pressure (SPP) was measured at two points: once at the switchover to the AN69 membrane and once 72 weeks later.


RESULTS
In cross-over trials, the AN69 membrane showed basically the same dialysis efficiency as the PS membrane in removing small molecular weight substances, but it removed significantly lower amounts of β2MG. The AN69 membrane also showed significantly lower rates of AA removal rate and Alb leakage. The nutritional status was stably maintained during long-term use after the switchover to the AN69 membrane, and no significant increase of β2MG was observed. Fib and NOx were both reduced, the latter to a significant degree. The Hb values showed a good time course, with relatively high TSAT levels and low ferritin levels overall. SPP remained generally stable for 72 weeks.


CONCLUSION
The cross-over trial show the AN69 membrane eliminates less AA and Alb compared with the PS membrane. Judging from the therapeutic effects of the long-term use of the AN69 membrane, the membrane is effective for dialysis and has good biocompatibility in the treatment of elderly HD patients with mild PAD.
Chapter 2 Normal Glucose Homeostasis

Arterial plasma glucose values throughout a 24-h period average approximately 90 mg/dl, with a maximal concentration usually not exceeding 165 mg/dl such as after meal ingestion1 and remaining above 55 mg/dl such as after exercise2 or a moderate fast (60 h).3 This relative stability contrasts with the situation for other substrates such as glycerol, lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies whose fluctuations are much wider (Table 2.1).4 This narrow range defining normoglycemia is maintained through an intricate regulatory and counterregulatory neuro-hormonal system: A decrement in plasma glucose as little as 20 mg/dl (from 90 to 70 mg/dl) will suppress the release of insulin and will decrease glucose uptake in certain areas in the brain (e.g., hypothalamus where glucose sensors are located); this will activate the sympathetic nervous system and trigger the release of counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone).5 All these changes will increase glucose release into plasma and decrease its removal so as to restore normoglycemia. On the other hand, a 10 mg/dl increment in plasma glucose will stimulate insulin release and suppress glucagon secretion to prevent further increments and restore normoglycemia. Glucose in plasma either comes from dietary sources or is either the result of the breakdown of glycogen in liver (glycogenolysis) or the formation of glucose in liver and kidney from other carbons compounds (precursors) such as lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, and glycerol (gluconeogenesis). In humans, glucose removed from plasma may have different fates in different tissues and under different conditions (e.g., postabsorptive vs. postprandial), but the pathways for its disposal are relatively limited. It (1) may be immediately stored as glycogen or (2) may undergo glycolysis, which can be non-oxidative producing pyruvate (which can be reduced to lactate or transaminated to form alanine) or oxidative through conversion to acetyl CoA which is further oxidized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to form carbon dioxide and water. Non-oxidative glycolysis carbons undergo gluconeogenesis and the newly formed glucose is either stored as glycogen or released back into plasma (Fig. 2.1).
Study of Maternal Knowledge and Attitude toward Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (BMF) in the First 6 Months of Infant in Yazd-Iran

Introduction: Breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. So promoting their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of mothers toward exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (BMF) in the first 6 months of infant life. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 190 mothers who referring to Yazd health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptiveanalytic tests and using SPSS 11.5. Results: Mean score of maternal attitude toward exclusive BMF was 10.14±2.00 (out of 14) and maternal knowledge score toward advantages of breast milk was 10.12±2.015 (out of 14). The incidence of exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of life study was 72.9%. Child growth was as follows: excellent growth (24.5%) and good growth (55.3%). ANOVA showed a significant difference between parents' education and maternal attitude and maternal knowledge towards exclusive BMF; whatever higher education of parents, more positive knowledge and attitude towards exclusive BMF (P<0.05). There was a significant direct relationship between knowledge and attitude (Spearman test, P-value= 0.000& r= 0.4). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge and attitude towards exclusive BMF was moderate. It is essential to plan for mothers by officials in order to promote breast-feeding in the first 6 months of baby's life to enhance positive maternal attitude in this regard.
Correlation of Selenium and Zinc Levels to Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes in Thai HIV-infected Children without Severe HIV Symptoms

Background/Objectives:Deficiencies in antioxidants contribute to immune dysregulation and viral replication. To evaluate the correlation of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) levels on the treatment outcomes in HIV-infected children.Subjects/Methods:HIV-infected Thai children 1–12 years old, CD4 15–24%, without severe HIV symptoms were included. Se and Zn levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry at baseline and 48 weeks. Deficiency cutoffs were Se <0.1 μmol/l and Zn <9.9 μmol/l. Serum ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured every 24 weeks. No micronutrient supplement was prescribed.Results:In all, 141 children (38.3% male) with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of 7.3 (4.2–9.0) years were enrolled. Median baseline CD4% was 20%, HIV-RNA was 4.6 log10copies/ml. At baseline, median (IQR) Se and Zn levels were 0.9 (0.7–1.0) μmol/l and 5.9 (4.8–6.9) μmol/l, respectively. None had Se deficiency while all had Zn deficiency. Over 48 weeks, 97 initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 81% achieved HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml with 11% median CD4 gain. The mean change of Se was 0.06 μmol/l (P=0.003) and Zn was 0.42 μmol/l (P=0.003), respectively. By multivariate analysis in children who received ART, predictors for greater increase of CD4% from baseline were lower baseline CD4% (P<0.01) and higher baseline Zn level (P=0.02). The predictors for greater decrease of HIV-RNA from baseline were higher baseline HIV-RNA and higher ferritin (both P<0.01). No association of CRP with the changes from baseline of CD4% or HIV-RNA was found.Conclusion:In HIV-infected Thai children without severe immune deficiency who commenced ART, no correlation between Se and ART treatment outcomes was found. Higher pre-ART Zn levels were associated with significant increases in CD4% at 48 weeks.
Study and analysis of data mining for healthcare

In this paper Data Mining is introduced as well as big data in the framework of Healthcare. Furthermore, the Data Mining for accumulated data is investigated. Especially, their complexities of the various areas health and medical research. Finally, machine learning algorithms have been used in order to study processing Healthcare data.
Impossibility Theorems for Domain Adaptation

The domain adaptation problem in machine learning occurs when the test data generating distribution differs from the one that generates the training data. It is clear that the success of learning under such circumstances depends on similarities between the two data distributions. We study assumptions about the relationship between the two distributions that one needed for domain adaptation learning to succeed. We analyze the assumptions in an agnostic PAC-style learning model for a the setting in which the learner can access a labeled training data sample and an unlabeled sample generated by the test data distribution. We focus on three assumptions: (i) similarity between the unlabeled distributions, (ii) existence of a classifier in the hypothesis class with low error on both training and testing distributions, and (iii) the covariate shift assumption. I.e., the assumption that the conditioned label distribution (for each data point) is the same for both the training and test distributions. We show that without either assumption (i) or (ii), the combination of the remaining assumptions is not sufficient to guarantee successful learning. Our negative results hold with respect to any domain adaptation learning algorithm, as long as it does not have access to target labeled examples. In particular, we provide formal proofs that the popular covariate shift assumption is rather weak and does not relieve the necessity of the other assumptions. We also discuss the intuitively appealing Appearing in Proceedings of the 13 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2010, Chia Laguna Resort, Sardinia, Italy. Volume 9 of JMLR: W&CP 9. Copyright 2010 by the authors. paradigm of re-weighting the labeled training sample according to the target unlabeled distribution and show that, somewhat counter intuitively, we show that paradigm cannot be trusted in the following sense. There are DA tasks that are indistinguishable as far as the training data goes but in which re-weighting leads to significant improvement in one task while causing dramatic deterioration of the learning success in the other.
Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: The Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II.

BACKGROUND
Experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility have been recently found to be important constructs related to a wide range of psychological disorders and quality of life. The current study presents psychometric and factor structure data concerning the Spanish translation of a general measure of both constructs: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II).


METHOD
Six samples, with a total of 712 participants, from several independent studies were analyzed.


RESULTS
Data were very similar to the ones obtained in the original AAQ-II version. The internal consistency across the different samples was good (between a= .75 and a= .93). The differences between clinical and nonclinical samples were statistically significant and the overall factor analysis yielded to a one-factor solution. The AAQ-II scores were significantly related to general psychopathology and quality of life measures.


CONCLUSIONS
This Spanish translation of the AAQ-II emerges as a reliable and valid measure of experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility.
Assessment of postgraduate skin lesion education among Iowa family physicians

BACKGROUND
Family medicine physicians play a pivotal role in the prevention and early detection of skin cancer. Our objective was to evaluate how family physicians believe their postgraduate training in skin cancer screening and prevention has prepared them for independent practice and to assess the need for enhanced skin lesion teaching in a family medicine residency setting.


METHODS
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey investigating provider demographics, confidence in providing dermatological care, residency training, current medical practice, and skin cancer prevention beliefs was mailed to all family medicine physicians in the state of Iowa as listed in the Iowa Academy of Family Physicians annual directory in 2006 (N = 1069).


RESULTS
A total of 575 family medicine physicians completed the survey for an overall response rate of 53.8%. Overall, family medicine physicians reported feeling confident in their ability to diagnose skin lesions (83.2%), differentiate between benign and malignant lesions (85.3%), and perform a biopsy of a lesion (94.3%). Only 65% of surveyed physicians felt that their residency program adequately trained them in diagnosing skin lesions and 65.7% of physicians agree that they could have benefited from additional training on skin lesions during residency training. Nearly 90% of clinicians surveyed believe that skin cancer screenings are the standard of care; however, only 51.8% perform skin cancer screening examinations during adult health maintenance visits more than 75% of the time. The primary reason listed by respondents who said they do not routinely perform skin cancer screenings was inadequate time (68.2%).


CONCLUSION
Family medicine physicians in the state of Iowa are confident in evaluating skin lesions. However, they reported a need for additional enhanced, targeted skin lesion education in family medicine residency training programs. Physicians believe that skin cancer screening examination is the standard of care, but find that inadequate time increasingly hinders skin cancer screening during routine health maintenance examinations.
Sleep-wake disturbances after traumatic brain injury

Sleep-wake disturbances are extremely common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The most common disturbances are insomnia (difficulties falling or staying asleep), increased sleep need, and excessive daytime sleepiness that can be due to the TBI or other sleep disorders associated with TBI, such as sleep-related breathing disorder or post-traumatic hypersomnia. Sleep-wake disturbances can have a major effect on functional outcomes and on the recovery process after TBI. These negative effects can exacerbate other common sequelae of TBI-such as fatigue, pain, cognitive impairments, and psychological disorders (eg, depression and anxiety). Sleep-wake disturbances associated with TBI warrant treatment. Although evidence specific to patients with TBI is still scarce, cognitive-behavioural therapy and medication could prove helpful to alleviate sleep-wake disturbances in patients with a TBI.