LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Streaming potential measurements 2. Relationship between electrical and hydraulic flow patterns from rock samples during deformation

Streaming potential and resistivity measurements have been performed on Fontainebleau sandstone and Villejust quartzite samples in a triaxial device during compaction, uniaxial compression, and rupture. Measurements on individual samples do not show any clear intrinsic dependence of the streaming potential coefficient with permeability. An apparent dependence of the streaming potential coefficient with permeability is, however, observed during deformation. The effect of surface conductivity is taken into account and is small compared with the observed changes in the streaming potential coefficient. The observed dependence is therefore interpreted in terms of a difference in the evolution of the electrical and hydraulic connectivity patterns during deformation. This effect causes the streaming potential coefficient, and consequently the inferred z potential, to be reduced by a geometrical factor RG representing the electrical efficiency of the hydraulic network. Estimates of the RG factor varying between 0.2 and 0.8 for electrolyte resistivity larger than 100 Vm are obtained by comparing the values of the z potential inferred from intact rock samples with the values obtained from crushed rock samples, where the geometrical effects are assumed to be negligible. The reduction of the streaming potential coefficient observed during compaction or uniaxial compression suggests that the tortuosity of the hydraulic network increases faster than the tortuosity of the electrical network. Before rupture, an increase in the streaming potential coefficient associated with the onset of dilatancy was observed for three samples of Fontainebleau sandstone and one sample of Villejust quartzite. The changes in streaming potential coefficient prior to failure range from 30% to 50%. During one experiment, an increase in the concentration of sulfate ions was also observed before failure. These experiments suggest that observable streaming potential and geochemical variations could occur before earthquakes.
Stress amongst nurses working in a healthcare telephone-advice service: relationship with job satisfaction, intention to leave, sickness absence, and performance.

AIMS
This paper is a report of a study, which assessed levels of stress amongst nurses working in a healthcare telephone-advice service. We explored whether stress related to performance, sickness absence, and intention to leave.


BACKGROUND
Nurses report high levels of stress, as do call-centre workers. The emergence of telephone health advice services means many nurses now work in call-centres, doing work that differs markedly from traditional nursing roles. Stress associated with these roles could have implications for nurses, patients, and service provision.


DESIGN
This paper reports cross-sectional survey results. The design of the overall study included longitudinal elements.


METHOD
A comprehensive study of stress was conducted amongst nurses working for a telephone-advice service in Scotland (2008-2010). All nurse-advisors were approached by letter and invited to participate. A total of 152 participants (33%) completed a questionnaire including General Health Questionnaire-12, Work Family Conflict Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale and a measure of intention to leave the telephone-advice service and rated the perceived stress of 2 working shifts. Nurses' employers provided data on sickness absence and performance.


RESULTS
Overall levels of psychological distress were similar to those found amongst Scottish women generally. In multiple regression, work-family conflict was identified as a significant predictor of job satisfaction and intention to leave, and significantly related to sickness absence. There were significant correlations between General Health Questionnaire scores and perceived stress of shifts and some performance measures.


CONCLUSIONS
Work-family conflict is a significant predictor of job satisfaction, intention to leave, and sickness absence amongst telephone helpline nurses. Minimizing the impact of nurses' work on their home lives might reduce turnover and sickness absence.
Error Correcting Codes in Quantum Theory.

A new type of uncertainty relation is presented, concerning the information-bearing properti a discrete quantum system. A natural link is then revealed between basic quantum theory a linear error correcting codes of classical information theory. A subset of the known codes is desc having properties which are important for error correction in quantum communication. It is shown a pair of states which are, in a certain sense, “macroscopically different,” can form a superposit which the interference phase between the two parts is measurable. This provides a highly sta “Schrödinger cat” state. [S0031-9007(96)00779-X]
Multicenter randomized controlled trial of an outreach nursing support program for recently discharged stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Many stroke patients and informal carers experience a decreased quality of life after discharge home and are dissatisfied with the care received. We assessed the effectiveness of an outreach nursing care program.


METHODS
In a multicenter trial, 536 stroke patients were randomized at discharge to standard care (n=273) or standard care plus outreach care (n=263). The outreach care consisted of 3 telephone calls and 1 home visit within 5 months after discharge by 1 of 13 stroke nurses. Patients were masked for the trial objectives. Six months after discharge, they assessed the 2 primary outcomes: quality of life (Short Form 36 [SF-36]) and dissatisfaction with care. Secondary measures of outcome were disability, handicap, depression, anxiety, and use of health care services and secondary prevention drugs. Informal carers assessed strain, and social support. Analysis was by intention to treat.


RESULTS
Twelve patients died before follow-up, 38 declined outcome assessment, and 486 completed the primary outcome assessments. Outreach care patients had better scores on the SF-36 domain "Role Emotional" than controls (mean difference 7.9 [95% confidence limit, 0.1 to 15.7]). No statistically significant differences were found on the other primary outcome measures. For secondary outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found, except that intervention patients used fewer rehabilitation services (relative risk, 0.66 [0.44 to 1.00]) and had lower anxiety scores (median difference 1 [0.19 to 2.79]).


CONCLUSIONS
This outreach nursing stroke care was not effective in improving quality of life and dissatisfaction with care of recently discharged patients.
A converse Lyapunov theorem for strong global recurrence

A converse Lyapunov theorem is established for discrete-time stochastic systems modeled by a setvalued mapping under mild regularity conditions. For this class of systems, it is shown that strong global recurrence is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a smooth Lyapunov function that decreases in expected value along solutions outside of the set that is strongly globally recurrent. Robustness of strong global recurrence to sufficiently small perturbations is also established. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Holographic Renormalisation and Anomalies

The Weyl anomaly in the Holographic Renormalisation Group as implemented using Hamilton–Jacobi language is studied in detail. We investigate the breakdown of the descent equations in order to isolate the Weyl anomaly of the dual field theory close to the (UV) fixed point. We use the freedom of adding finite terms to the renormalised effective action in order to bring the anomalies in the expected form. We comment on different ways of describing the bare and renormalised schemes, and on possible interpretations of the descent equations as describing the renormalisation group flow non-perturbatively. We find that under suitable assumptions these relations may lead to a class of c-functions. E-mail addresses: j.kalkkinen@ic.ac.uk (J. K.), d.martelli@qmw.ac.uk (D. M.), wolfgang.mueck@na.infn.it (W. M.)
[Impact of late treatment-related radiotherapy toxicity, depression, and anxiety on quality of life in long-term breast cancer survivors].

INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess the impact of late treatment toxicity (especially radiotherapy toxicity), chemoradiotherapy treatment type (concurrent or sequential), depression and anxiety on overall, physical and emotional quality of life (QoL) in long-term breast cancer survivors. Method. We assessed 117 patients (mean follow-up since the end of treatment = 8.1 years) for late radiotherapy toxicity (LENT-SOMA scale), patient and doctor ratings of breast cosmetic outcomes, QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), depression and anxiety (Hospital and Anxiety Depression scale).


RESULTS
In univariate analyses, factors associated with significantly decreased QoL were: use of sequential treatment and decreased overall QoL (P = 0.002) and emotional QoL (P = 0.02) ; few radiotherapy late toxicity symptoms (pain and decreased physical QoL, P = 0.01 ; fibrosis and decreased emotional QoL, P = 0.04) ; probable depression or probable anxiety and decreased overall, physical and emotional QoL (P ≤ 0.005). In multivariate analyses, probable depression and probable anxiety were the most stronger predictors for decreased QoL in the overall, physical and emotional domains (P ≤ 0.02).


CONCLUSION
Improving screening for and treatment of depression and anxiety might improve QoL in long-term breast cancer survivors.
A sensor based low cost drowning detection system for human life safety

In this paper, we present an approach which addresses the problem of drowning. Drowning is one of the leading causes of accidental deaths which needs to be given attention. The objective is to address the question-how can we engineer a system that saves the life of a drowning person? The devised system has the capability to automatically detect drowning by making use of three sensors, namely, a non-invasive oxygen saturation level sensor, respiration monitoring sensor and water sensor that are used for detecting parameters like blood oxygen saturation levels, respiratory movements and submersion of a person's body underwater respectively and a controller for monitoring, processing and controlling purposes. If any two of the above mentioned parameters detect drowning, the system detects it as a case of drowning. Results obtained by performing tests on individual sensors and entire system illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. Thus the approach is a viable solution to devise an innovative, portable, low cost and wearable system.
Growth process conditions of tungsten oxide thin films using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition

Abstract We report the growth conditions of nanostructured tungsten oxide (WO 3− x ) thin films using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Two tungsten filaments were resistively heated to various temperatures and exposed to an air flow at various subatmospheric pressures. The oxygen partial pressure was varied from 6.0 × 10 −6 to 1.0 mbar and the current through the filaments was varied from 4.0 to 9.0 A, which constitutes a filament temperature of 1390–2340 °C in vacuum. It is observed that the deposition rate of the films is predominantly determined by the oxygen partial pressure; it changes from about 1 to about 36,000 nm min −1 in the investigated range. Regardless of the oxygen partial pressure and filament temperature used, thin films with a nanogranular morphology are obtained, provided that the depositions last for 30 min or shorter. The films consist either of amorphous or partially crystallized WO 3− x with high averaged transparencies of over 70% and an indirect optical band gap of 3.3 ± 0.1 eV. A prolonged deposition time entails an extended exposure of the films to thermal radiation from the filaments, which causes crystallization to monoclinic WO 3 with diffraction maxima due to the (0 0 2), (2 0 0) and (0 2 0) crystallographic planes, furthermore the nanograins sinter and the films exhibit a cone-shaped growth. By simultaneously influencing the surface mobility, by heating the substrates to T surface  = 700 ± 100 °C, and the deposition rate, a very good control of the morphology of the deposited films is obtained. Nanowire films, nanocrystallite films and closed crystallite films were thus deposited. These differently nanostructured c-WO 3 films all possess an indirect optical band gap of 2.5 ± 0.1 eV.
Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND
Subphenotypes have been identified within heterogeneous diseases such as asthma and breast cancer, with important therapeutic implications. We assessed whether subphenotypes exist within acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), another heterogeneous disorder.


METHODS
We used data from two ARDS randomised controlled trials (ARMA trial and ALVEOLI trial), sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. We applied latent class modelling to identify subphenotypes using clinical and biological data. We modelled data from both studies independently. We then tested the association of subphenotypes with clinical outcomes in both cohorts and with the response to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the ALVEOLI cohort.


FINDINGS
We analysed data for 1022 patients: 473 in the ARMA cohort and 549 in the ALVEOLI cohort. Independent latent class models indicated that a two-class (ie, two subphenotype) model was the best fit for both cohorts. In both cohorts, we identified a hyperinflammatory subphenotype (phenotype 2) that was characterised by higher plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, a higher prevalence of vasopressor use, lower serum bicarbonate concentrations, and a higher prevalence of sepsis than phenotype 1. Participants in phenotype 2 had higher mortality and fewer ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days in both cohorts than did those in phenotype 1 (p<0·007 for all). In the ALVEOLI cohort, the effects of ventilation strategy (high PEEP vs low PEEP) on mortality, ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days differed by phenotype (p=0·049 for mortality, p=0·018 for ventilator-free days, p=0·003 for organ-failure-free days).


INTERPRETATION
We have identified two subphenotypes within ARDS, one of which is categorised by more severe inflammation, shock, and metabolic acidosis and by worse clinical outcomes. Response to treatment in a randomised trial of PEEP strategies differed on the basis of subphenotype. Identification of ARDS subphenotypes might be useful in selecting patients for future clinical trials.


FUNDING
National Institutes of Health.
Football boot insoles and sensitivity to extent of ankle inversion movement.

BACKGROUND
The capacity of the plantar sole of the foot to convey information about foot position is reduced by conventional smooth boot insoles, compared with barefoot surface contact.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that movement discrimination may be restored by inserting textured replacement insoles, achieved by changing footwear conditions and measuring the accuracy of judgments of the extent of ankle inversion movement.


METHODS
An automated testing device, the ankle movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA), developed to assess active ankle function in weight bearing without a balance demand, was used to test the effects of sole inserts in soccer boots. Seventeen elite soccer players, the members of the 2000 Australian Women's soccer squad (34 ankles), took part in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to start testing in: bare feet, their own football boots, own football boot and replacement insole, and on the left or right side. Subjects underwent six 50 trial blocks, in which they completed all footwear conditions. The sole inserts were cut to size for each foot from textured rubber "finger profile" sheeting.


RESULTS
Movement discrimination scores were significantly worse when subjects wore their football boots and socks, compared with barefoot data collected at the same time. The substitution of textured insoles for conventional smooth insoles in the football boots was found to restore movement discrimination to barefoot levels.


CONCLUSIONS
The lower active movement discrimination scores of athletes when wearing football boots with smooth insoles suggest that the insole is one aspect of football boot and sport shoe design that could be modified to provide the sensory feedback needed for accurate foot positioning.
Separate Vertical Wiring for the Fixation of Comminuted Fractures of the Inferior Pole of the Patella

PURPOSE
Among patients over 50 years of age, separate vertical wiring alone may be insufficient for fixation of fractures of the inferior pole of the patella. Therefore, mechanical and clinical studies were performed in patients over the age of 50 to test the strength of augmentation of separate vertical wiring with cerclage wire (i.e., combined technique).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Multiple osteotomies were performed to create four-part fractures in the inferior poles of eight pairs of cadaveric patellae. One patella from each pair was fixed with the separate wiring technique, while the other patella was fixed with a combined technique. The ultimate load to failure and stiffness of the fixation were subsequently measured. In a clinical study of 21 patients (average age of 64 years), comminuted fractures of the inferior pole of the patellae were treated using the combined technique. Operative parameters were recorded from which post-operative outcomes were evaluated.


RESULTS
For cadaveric patellae, whose mean age was 69 years, the mean ultimate loads to failure for the separate vertical wiring technique and the combined technique were 216.4±72.4 N and 324.9±50.6 N, respectively (p=0.012). The mean stiffness for the separate vertical wiring technique and the combined technique was 241.1±68.5 N/mm and 340.8±45.3 N/mm, respectively (p=0.012). In the clinical study, the mean clinical score at final follow-up was 28.1 points.


CONCLUSION
Augmentation of separate vertical wiring with cerclage wire provides enough strength for protected early exercise of the knee joint and uneventful healing.
Fecal calprotectin more accurately reflects endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis than the Lichtiger Index, C-reactive protein, platelets, hemoglobin, and blood leukocytes.

BACKGROUND
The correlation between noninvasive markers with endoscopic activity according to the modified Baron Index in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic activity and fecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, platelets, blood leukocytes, and the Lichtiger Index (clinical score).


METHODS
UC patients undergoing complete colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and scored clinically and endoscopically. Samples from feces and blood were analyzed in UC patients and controls.


RESULTS
We enrolled 228 UC patients and 52 healthy controls. Endoscopic disease activity correlated best with FC (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.821), followed by the Lichtiger Index (r = 0.682), CRP (r = 0.556), platelets (r = 0.488), blood leukocytes (r = 0.401), and hemoglobin (r = -0.388). FC was the only marker that could discriminate between different grades of endoscopic activity (grade 0, 16 [10-30] μg/g; grade 1, 35 [25-48] μg/g; grade 2, 102 [44-159] μg/g; grade 3, 235 [176-319] μg/g; grade 4, 611 [406-868] μg/g; P < 0.001 for discriminating the different grades). FC with a cutoff of 57 μg/g had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90% to detect endoscopically active disease (modified Baron Index ≥ 2).


CONCLUSIONS
FC correlated better with endoscopic disease activity than clinical activity, CRP, platelets, hemoglobin, and blood leukocytes. The strong correlation with endoscopic disease activity suggests that FC represents a useful biomarker for noninvasive monitoring of disease activity in UC patients.
Learning Hash Functions Using Column Generation

We provide more details in this supplementary document on (1) learning hash functions with the hinge loss; (2) learning hash functions with general convex loss. Those information is omitted in our paper [3] due to space limit. More specifically, the optimization problems in (1) are regularized by two types of norms: l1 norm and l∞ norm. (2) We provide the details of deriving the optimization formulation using squared hinge loss and logistic loss regularized by the l1 and l∞ norms.
Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming

Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) have received considerable attention in news headlines describing gamers who have died while engaging in excessive play. However, more common physical and psychosocial effects attributed to online video gaming are social isolation, increased aggression, and negative academic and occupational consequences. In consideration of the bias in reporting negative consequences of video gaming, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the evidence of the effects of MMOGs on those who play them. In the sixteen studies that met the inclusion criteria, analysis revealed that only those players who were classified as “addicted” or engaged in “problematic game play” experienced significant negative consequences, with many gamers finding positive aspects to video gaming such as enjoyment, feelings of achievement, friendship, and a sense of community. However, significant limitations in the studies point to the need for further research so that appropriate treatments and interventions can be developed for problematic game play.
Writing Behind a Buffer

In this paper we are going to describe a kind of vulnerability that is known in the literature but also poor documented. In fact, the problem that is going to be analyzed can be reduced to a memory adjacent overwriting attack but usually it is obtained exploiting the last null byte of a buffer, hence we are going to show that the same result is still possible writing behind a buffer, under certain conditions. To fully understand the subject of this article it's necessary to describe the memory organization1 of running processes, then the memory adjacent overwrite attack, concluding with our analysis. Memory Organization A process can be defined as a running program, thus the operating system has loaded its instructions into memory and has allocated different areas of memory to manage its execution. The address space of a running process can be divided into five segments[1,2]: • Code Segment: this segment contains the executable code of the program. • Data and BSS Segment: both sectors are dedicated to the global variables and are allocated during the compile time. To be clear, the sector BSS contains not initialized data while data segment is reserved for static data. • Stack Segment: local variables are allocated in this segment. It is particular useful for storing cotext and for function parameters. The stack memory grows downward. • Heap Segment: this segment represents all the rest of memory of the process. The heap memory grows upward and is allocated dynamically. In figure 1 we can observe all the memory segments described above.