LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Stationary and nonstationary learning characteristics of the LMS adaptive filter

This paper describes the performance characteristics of the LMS adaptive filter, a digital filter composed of a tapped delay line and adjustable weights, whose impulse response is controlled by an adaptive algorithm. For stationary stochastic inputs, the mean-square error, the difference between the filter output and an externally supplied input called the "desired response," is a quadratic function of the weights, a paraboloid with a single fixed minimum point that can be sought by gradient techniques. The gradient estimation process is shown to introduce noise into the weight vector that is proportional to the speed of adaptation and number of weights. The effect of this noise is expressed in terms of a dimensionless quantity "misadjustment" that is a measure of the deviation from optimal Wiener performance. Analysis of a simple nonstationary case, in which the minimum point of the error surface is moving according to an assumed first-order Markov process, shows that an additional contribution to misadjustment arises from "lag" of the adaptive process in tracking the moving minimum point. This contribution, which is additive, is proportional to the number of weights but inversely proportional to the speed of adaptation. The sum of the misadjustments can be minimized by choosing the speed of adaptation to make equal the two contributions. It is further shown, in Appendix A, that for stationary inputs the LMS adaptive algorithm, based on the method of steepest descent, approaches the theoretical limit of efficiency in terms of misadjustment and speed of adaptation when the eigenvalues of the input correlation matrix are equal or close in value. When the eigenvalues are highly disparate (λmax/λmin> 10), an algorithm similar to LMS but based on Newton's method would approach this theoretical limit very closely.
Modern French drama, 1940-1990

List of illustrations Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: the inter-war years 2. The Occupation 3. The Parisian theatre I: philosophical melodrama 4. The Parisian theatre II: the new theatre 5. The decentralised theatre I: the fifties 6. The decentralised theatre II: Planchon and Adamov 7. The decentralised theatre III: the sixties 8. Total theatre 9. La creation collective 10. Playwrights of the seventies 11. The eighties Bibliography Historical table of productions Index.
SenseClusters: Unsupervised Clustering and Labeling of Similar Contexts

SenseClusters is a freely available system that identifies similar contexts in text. It relies on lexical features to build first and second order representations of contexts, which are then clustered using unsupervised methods. It was originally developed to discriminate among contexts centered around a given target word, but can now be applied more generally. It also supports methods that create descriptive and discriminating labels for the discovered clusters.
Does abciximab provide long-term benefit for patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with stents?

BACKGROUND The number of revascularization procedures performed has been shown to be reduced when stents are used in primary per cutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myo cardial infarction (AMI). The Abciximab Before Direct Angioplasty and Stenting in Myocardial Infarction Regarding Acute and Long-term Follow-up (ADMIRAL) trial has already shown that adjunctive glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with abciximab can effectively lower mortality, the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and the number of revascularization procedures at 30 days compared with placebo; however, the long-term effects of abciximab are not known.
Clock skew scheduling for improved reliability via quadratic programming

This paper considers the problem of determining an optimal clock skew schedule for a synchronous VLSI circuit. A novel formulation of clock skew scheduling as a constrained quadratic programming (QP) problem is introduced. The concept of a permissible range, or a valid interval, for the clock skew of each local data path is key to this QP approach. From a reliability perspective, the ideal clock schedule corresponds to each clock skew within the circuit being at the center of the respective permissible range. However, this ideal clock schedule is not practically implementable because of limitations imposed by the connectivity among the registers within the circuit. To evaluate the reliability, a quadratic cost function is introduced as the Euclidean distance between the ideal schedule and a given practically feasible clock schedule. This cost function is the minimization objective of the described algorithms for the solution of the previously mentioned quadratic program. Furthermore, the work described here substantially differs from previous research in that it permits complete control over specific clock signal delays or skews within the circuit. Specifically, the algorithms described here can be employed to obtain results with explicitly specified target values of important clock delays/skews with a circuit, such as for example, the clock delays/skews for I/O registers. An additional benefit is a potential reduction in clock period of up to 10%.
 An efficient mathematical algorithm is derived for the solution of the QP problem with &Ogr;(r3) run time complexity and &Ogr;(r2) storage complexity, where r is the number of registers in the circuit. The algorithm is implemented as a C++ program and demonstrated on the ISCAS'89 suite of benchmark circuits as well as on a number of industrial circuits. The work described here yields additional insights into the correlation between circuit structure and circuit timing by characterizing the degree to which specific signal paths limit the overall performance and reliability of a circuit. This information is directly applicable to logic and architectural synthesis.
Modern Heat Extraction Systems for Power Traction Machines—A Review

This paper presents a review of modern cooling system employed for the thermal management of power traction machines. Various solutions for heat extractions are described: high thermal conductivity insulation materials, spray cooling, high thermal conductivity fluids, combined liquid and air forced convection, and loss mitigation techniques.
Anchorage capacity of osseointegrated and conventional anchorage systems: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION
Our aim in this investigation was to evaluate and compare orthodontic anchorage capacity of 4 anchorage systems during leveling/aligning and space closure after maxillary premolar extractions.


METHODS
One hundred twenty patients (60 girls, 60 boys; mean age, 14.3 years; SD 1.73) were recruited and randomized into 4 anchorage systems: Onplant (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden), Orthosystem implant (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), headgear, and transpalatal bar. The main outcome measures were cephalometric analysis of maxillary first molar and incisor movement, sagittal growth changes of the maxilla, and treatment time. The results were also analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.


RESULTS
The maxillary molars were stable during the leveling/aligning in the Onplant, Orthosystem implant, and headgear groups, but the transpalatal bar group had anchorage loss (mean, 1.0 mm; P <.001). During the space-closure phase, the molars were still stable in the Onplant and Orthosystem groups, whereas the headgear and transpalatal bar groups had anchorage loss (means, 1.6 and 1.0 mm, respectively; P <.001). Thus, the Onplant and the Orthosystem implant groups had significantly higher success rates for anchorage than did the headgear and transpalatal bar groups. Compared with the Orthosystem implant, there were more technical problems with the Onplant.


CONCLUSIONS
If maximum anchorage is required, the Orthosystem implant is the system of choice.
The influence of political events and ideologies on Nathaniel Hawthorne's political vision and writings

Introduction - Nathaniel Hawthorne and political reform Nathaniel Hawthorne and conservative philosophy Hawthorne's concept of human nature and original sin in the philosophy of conservative reform Hawthorne's conservatism and the democratic dilemma the role of the "past" in Hawthorne's philosophy of conservative reform Hawthorne's response to Comtean positivism in the philosophy of conservative reform Hawthorne and conservative reform in the American Revolution Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edmund Burke -conservative perspectives on reform in "Earth's Holocaust" and the French Revolution conclusion - Nathaniel Hawthorne and the philosophy of conservative reform.
Blind Source Separation Algorithms with Matrix Constraints

In many applications of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Blind Source Separation (BSS) estimated sources signals and the mixing or separating matrices have some special structure or some constraints are imposed for the matrices such as symmetries, orthogonality, non-negativity, sparseness and specified invariant norm of the separating matrix. In this paper we present several algorithms and overview some known transformations which allows us to preserve several important constraints. Computer simulation experiments confirmed validity and usefulness of the developed algorithms. key words: Blind sources separation, independent component analysis with constraints, non-negative blind source separation
Monte Carlo arithmetic: how to gamble with floating point and win

floating-point arithmetic in which arithmetic operators and their operands are randomized. For example, rather than insist that floating-point addition obey x ⊕ y = fl[x + y] = (x ⊕ y)(1 + δ), where δ is some deterministically defined value, we allow δ to be a random variable. MCA is an extension of floating-point arithmetic that permits randomization to be used both in rounding and in processing inexact operands—the result of every arithmetic operation is randomized in a predefined way. As a result, x + y can yield different values if evaluated multiple times. With MCA, then, if a program runs with the same input n times, each run yields a slightly different answer. These answers constitute a sample distribution to which we can apply the whole array of standard statistical methods. Typically, after n such runs, the sample mean ̂μ estimates the exact solution, the sample standard deviation σ̂ estimates the error in the answer of any single run, and the sample standard error σ̂/ n estimates the error in μ̂ after n such runs. Each recalculation is an experiment in a Monte Carlo simulation—a simulation of the sensitivity to rounding of this particular combination of input and program. MCA makes numerical computing empirical. It has practical applications—end users can gauge the number of significant digits in computed values as well as a program’s stability. They can also use Monte Carlo methods to estimate round-off error accumulation. By treating individual rounding errors as random variables, we can use statistical methods to analyze errors. MCA also has theoretical applications. In fact, we can use MCA to circumvent certain wellknown anomalies in floating-point operations.1 This article gives a short review of several years’ investigation.2 For a copy of our full work and a C demonstration program that runs all the examples in this article, visit www.cs.ucla. edu/~stott/mca. We assume the reader is familiar with basic issues in floating-point arithmetic.2 David Goldberg’s tutorial3 and Nicholas Higham’s encyclopedia4 are great references.
The effect of body-mind relaxation meditation induction on major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study.

BACKGROUND
Meditation has been increasingly evaluated as an important complementary therapeutic tool for the treatment of depression. The present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine the effect of body-mind relaxation meditation induction (BMRMI) on the brain activity of depressed patients and to investigate possible mechanisms of action for this complex intervention.


METHOD
21 major depressive disorder patients (MDDs) and 24 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) received rs-fMRI scans at baseline and after listening to a selection of audio designed to induce body-mind relaxation meditation. The rs-fMRI data were analyzed using Matlab toolbox to obtain the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the BOLD signal for the whole brain. A mixed-design repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the whole brain to find which brain regions were affected by the BMRMI. An additional functional connectivity analysis was used to identify any atypical connection patterns after the BMRMI.


RESULTS
After the BMRMI experience, both the MDDs and HCs showed decreased ALFF values in the bilateral frontal pole (BA10). Additionally, increased functional connectivity from the right dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was identified only in the MDDs after the BMRMI.


LIMITATION
In order to exclude the impact of other events on the participants׳ brain activity, the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HDRS) was not measured after the body-mind relaxation induction.


CONCLUSION
Our findings support the hypothesis that body-mind relaxation meditation induction may regulate the activities of the prefrontal cortex and thus may have the potential to help patients construct reappraisal strategies that can modulate the brain activity in multiple emotion-processing systems.
Spanish version of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire–Carer (PDQ-Carer)

BACKGROUND
Parkinson's caregivers are frequently affected by a range of physical and psychological factors affecting to the quality of life (QoL) of patients and caregivers. However, while there are well-validated QoL instruments for patients, few specific measures has been developed for caregivers of patients with PD. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-Carer (PDQ-Carer) for use in PD caregivers.


METHODS
The PDQ-Carer and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) were completed by sample of 73 caregivers of patients with PD in Spain (71.8 % females; 63.6 ± 12.3 years old).


RESULTS
Psychometric analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PDQ-Carer. The internal consistency was found to be satisfactory for the four PDQ-Carer domains: Personal and Social Activities, Depression and Anxiety, Self-care and Stress with Cronbach's alpha values ranging 0.80 to 0.95. The PDQ-Carer was significantly correlated with the eight SF-36 domains (r = -0.31 to -0.59, p < 0.001) supporting the concurrent validity of the instrument.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these results provide preliminary evidence of the utility of the Spanish version of the PDQ-Carer in non-professionals caregivers.
The incidence of hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes and treated asthma.

AIMS
To investigate whether treatment of coexisting asthma has any effect on the incidence of hypoglycaemia and on glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
An observational study of children attending the paediatric diabetes clinics of five hospitals in the North Trent Region. Information on the frequency of hypoglycaemia in the preceding three months, treatment for asthma, and the individual's latest HbA1c, was recorded when they attended for review.


RESULTS
Data were collected on 226 children, of whom 27 (12%) had treated asthma. Only 11/27 children with asthma were taking their prescribed inhaled steroids. All used beta agonists at least once a week. There was a reduction of 20% in the incidence of hypoglycaemia in the diabetic children with treated asthma. Of the children with diabetes and treated asthma, 52% reported an episode of hypoglycaemia in the previous three months compared to 72% of those with only diabetes. There was no difference in the proportion of children experiencing nocturnal or severe hypoglycaemia. Although not significant, those with asthma and diabetes also had better overall control (HbA1c 8.8%) compared to those with diabetes alone (HbA1c 9.3%).


CONCLUSIONS
Diabetic children with treated asthma have significantly fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia and better glycaemic control compared to children with diabetes alone. This observation needs further investigation but raises an interesting question. Do the drugs used to treat asthma, in particular beta agonists, have the therapeutic potential to reduce hypoglycaemia and facilitate an improvement in glycaemic control?
Traumatic hemipelvectomy with free gluteus maximus fillet flap covers: a case report.

ABSTRACT
Traumatic hemipelvectomy is an uncommon and life threatening injury. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy involved in a traffic accident who presented with an almost circumferential pelvic wound with wide diastasis of the right sacroiliac joint and symphysis pubis. The injury was associated with complete avulsion of external and internal iliac vessels as well as the femoral and sciatic nerves. He also had ipsilateral open comminuted fractures of the femur and tibia. Emergency debridement and completion of amputation with preservation of the posterior gluteal flap and primary anastomosis of the inferior gluteal vessels to the internal iliac artery stump were performed. A free fillet flap was used to close the massive exposed area.


KEY WORDS
traumatic hemipelvectomy, amputation, and free gluteus maximus fillet flap.
Self-disclosure and Privacy Calculus on Social Networking Sites: The Role of Culture - Intercultural Dynamics of Privacy Calculus

Hanna Krasnova, Natasha F. Veltri, Oliver Günther Self-disclosure and Privacy Calculus on Social Networking Sites: The Role of Culture Intercultural Dynamics of Privacy Calculus Social Network Sites (SNSs) rely exclusively on user-generated content to offer engaging and rewarding experience to its members. As a result, stimulating user communication and selfdisclosure is vital for the sustainability of SNSs. However, considering that the SNS users are increasingly culturally diverse, motivating this audience to self-disclose requires understanding of their cultural intricacies. Yet existing research offers only limited insights into the role of culture behind the motivation of SNS users to self-disclose. Building on the privacy calculus framework, this study explores the role of two cultural dimensions – individualism and uncertainty avoidance – in selfdisclosure decisions of SNS users. Survey responses of US and German Facebook members are used as the basis for our analysis. Structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis results reveal the distinct role of culture in the cognitive patterns of SNS users. The authors find that trusting beliefs play a key role in the self-disclosure decisions of users from individualistic cultures. At the same time, uncertainty avoidance determines the impact of privacy concerns. This paper contributes to the theory by rejecting the universal nature of privacy calculus processes. The findings provide for an array of managerial implications for SNS providers as they strive to encourage content creation and sharing by their heterogeneous members.
Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the stress-burnout relationship: a questionnaire study on nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To investigate inter-relationships between emotional intelligence (EI), work stress and burnout in a group of nurses in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The moderating effect of EI in the stress-burnout relationship and group differences (nurses working in different wards) in burnout were also investigated.


BACKGROUND
Stress and subsequent burnout commonly threaten the occupational health and well-being of nurses in South Africa and elsewhere. Developing EI in nurses may increase individual stress resistance and combat burnout.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional research design with anonymous questionnaires was conducted. Self-report data were used.


METHODS
Survey data were collected from 122 nurses working in different wards at four hospitals from a private hospital group. The Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test, Sources of Work Stress Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure EI, stress and burnout, respectively.


RESULTS
Consistent inverse relationships between emotional control and management as dimensions of EI, and stress and burnout emerged. A differential effect of high vs. low EI on the stress-burnout relationship was evident. Workload and the work/family interface emerged as significant predictors of burnout. Respondents working in maternity, paediatric and ER wards reported more feelings of personal accomplishment than those working in general wards.


CONCLUSIONS
Higher EI is significantly related with lower stress and burnout in a sample of South African nurses. The moderator effect of EI in the stress-burnout relationship suggests that enhanced EI may help diminish burnout development when chronic stress is experienced.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
EI developmental interventions, if introduced in nursing curricula, may increase emotional coping resources and enhanced social skills, which may benefit the long-term occupational health of nurses. This may be relevant in developing countries, where environmental stressors related to the organisational context (budget constraints) and wider social factors (shortage of qualified nurses) are difficult to address.
Semiotic schemas: A framework for grounding language in action and perception

A theoretical framework for grounding language is introduced that provides a computational path from sensing and motor action to words and speech acts. The approach combines concepts from semiotics and schema theory to develop a holistic approach to linguistic meaning. Schemas serve as structured beliefs that are grounded in an agent’s physical environment through a causal-predictive cycle of action and perception. Words and basic speech acts are interpreted in terms of grounded schemas. The framework reflects lessons learned from implementations of several language processing robots. It provides a basis for the analysis and design of situated, multimodal communication systems that straddle symbolic and non-symbolic realms.  2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Prenatal maternal stress: effects on pregnancy and the (unborn) child.

BACKGROUND
Animal experiments have convincingly demonstrated that prenatal maternal stress affects pregnancy outcome and results in early programming of brain functions with permanent changes in neuroendocrine regulation and behaviour in offspring.


AIM
To evaluate the existing evidence of comparable effects of prenatal stress on human pregnancy and child development.


STUDY DESIGN
Data sources used included a computerized literature search of PUBMED (1966-2001); Psychlit (1987-2001); and manual search of bibliographies of pertinent articles.


RESULTS
Recent well-controlled human studies indicate that pregnant women with high stress and anxiety levels are at increased risk for spontaneous abortion and preterm labour and for having a malformed or growth-retarded baby (reduced head circumference in particular). Evidence of long-term functional disorders after prenatal exposure to stress is limited, but retrospective studies and two prospective studies support the possibility of such effects. A comprehensive model of putative interrelationships between maternal, placental, and fetal factors is presented.


CONCLUSIONS
Apart from the well-known negative effects of biomedical risks, maternal psychological factors may significantly contribute to pregnancy complications and unfavourable development of the (unborn) child. These problems might be reduced by specific stress reduction in high anxious pregnant women, although much more research is needed.