LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between mitral regurgitation and ejection fraction as predictors for the prognosis of patients with heart failure.

AIMS
To study whether there is interaction between mitral regurgitation (MR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the mortality risk of heart failure (HF) patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We studied a large group of patients hospitalized for symptoms and clinical signs of HF in the period 2001-02. Mitral regurgitation was diagnosed on echocardiography and qualitatively graded as no/trace, mild, moderate, and severe using the colour Doppler method. Median follow-up time was 4.5 years. Three thousand and seventy-eight patients with HF were included, of whom 1890 patients (61%) had no/trace MR, 628 (20%) had mild MR, 452 (15%) had moderate MR, and 108 (4%) had severe MR. During follow-up, 1660 deaths (54%) were registered. In univariate analysis, increasing severity of MR carried an increasing mortality risk, hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.16, P = 0.0006 for each increasing degree of MR. In multivariable analysis, with adjustments made for age, sex, ejection fraction, serum creatinine, presence of ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and stroke, similar results were found, but only in patients with LVEF<25%, HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26, P = 0.01 for each increasing degree of MR. This risk was driven by moderate and severe MR. For patients with LVEF≥25% the HR was 0.91, 95% CI 0.82-1.03, P = 0.2 for each increasing degree of MR.


CONCLUSION
Mitral regurgitation has a negative effect on prognosis of patients with HF, but only in patients with severely reduced LVEF.
A Large Scale Evaluation of Distributional Semantic Models: Parameters, Interactions and Model Selection

This paper presents the results of a large-scale evaluation study of window-based Distributional Semantic Models on a wide variety of tasks. Our study combines a broad coverage of model parameters with a model selection methodology that is robust to overfitting and able to capture parameter interactions. We show that our strategy allows us to identify parameter configurations that achieve good performance across different datasets and tasks.
Clinical implications of a reduction in psychological distress on cardiac prognosis in patients participating in a psychosocial intervention program.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this secondary analysis was to examine the relationships between a reduction in psychological distress and long-term cardiac and psychological outcomes in post-myocardial infarction patients who participated in a randomized trial of home-based psychosocial nursing interventions (the Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial [M-HART]). Gender differences were considered.


METHODS
We studied 433 patients (36.0% women) from the M-HART treatment group who received two home visits after achieving a high psychological distress score (ie, > or =5) on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Short-term GHQ success was determined by a return to a normal GHQ score (<5) or a reduction of > or =50% after the two visits. Patients with short-term successful and unsuccessful GHQ outcomes were compared for mid-term maintenance of success, 1-year death and readmission rates, and 1-year depression and anxiety symptoms.


RESULTS
Patients with short-term GHQ success were more likely to show mid-term GHQ success (p < .001), marginally less likely to die of any causes (p = .087), less likely to die of cardiac causes (p = .043), less likely to be readmitted for any reason (p < .001) and for cardiac reasons (p < .001), and less likely to have high depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) at 1-year than patients with short-term unsuccessful GHQ outcomes. Results held for men and women and were not altered by controlling for potential confounders. However, the number of deaths prevented analysis with statistical controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Post-myocardial infarction interventions that reduce psychological distress have the potential to improve long-term prognosis and psychological status for both men and women.
Not an outgroup, not yet an ingroup: Immigrants in the Stereotype Content Model

Stereotype research depicts the generic immigrant as incompetent and untrustworthy. The current research expands this image, specifying key information dimensions (e.g. nationality, socioeconomic status) about immigrants. To see how perceivers differentiate among particular immigrant groups, we extend a model of intergroup perception, the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878–902), to immigrant subgroups. The SCM predicts that perception centers on competence and warmth, and relates to targets’ perceived status and competition within society. Specified by nationality, race, ethnicity, and class, images of immigrants differ by both competence and warmth, with most groups receiving ambivalent (low–high or high–low) stereotypes rather than the uniform low–low for the generic immigrant. As predicted, ambivalent stereotypes reflect target nationality combined with socioeconomic status, supporting the SCM’s ambivalent stereotypes and social structural hypotheses, as well as better defining immigrant stereotypes and their contingencies. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Race and Social Justice

Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: The Problem of Racism: 1. Alienation and the African-American Experience. 2. Race and Class Exploitation. 3. Racial Integration and Racial Separatism: Conceptual Clarifications. 4. The African-American Underclass and the Question of Values. Part II: The Response to Racism: 5. Morality and Collective Liability. 6. Justice and Reparations. 7. Reparations, Self-Respect, and Public Policy. 8. Affirmative Action: A Review and Commentary. Part III: Racism and its Remedies: 9. The Race and IQ Controversy. 10. Police Discretion and Discrimination. 11. DuBois, the new Conservatism, and the Critique of African-American Leadership. 12. Racism, Social Justice, and Interracial Coalitions. Bibliography. Index.
An Approximate Formula for the Peak Value of Lightning-Induced Voltages in Overhead Lines

An approximate formula is proposed to estimate the peak value of lightning induced voltages in an infinite line, considering the soil resistivity. The formula is derived from results of a computer code for lightning induced voltage calculation. The code is based on Rusck's formulation for the vertical electric field, for a perfect conducting earth, and the formulation for the horizontal electric field for finitely conducting earth proposed by Barbosa and Paulino. The electromagnetic field coupling with the line is carried out using the model proposed by Agrawal. The results are compared with experimental data from Barker for validation purposes. The paper also presents an extension of the methodology proposed in IEEE Std.1410 Guide to include the effect of the soil finite conductivity in the assessment of the lightning performance of distribution lines due to nearby strikes. The annual indirect lightning induced voltage flashover rates obtained with IEEE Std. 1410 method are compared with the approximate formula results.
Three-Dimensional Seismic Response of Humboldt Bay Bridge-Foundation-Ground System

Soil-structure interaction may play a major role in the seismic response of a bridge structure. Specifically, soil layers of low stiffness and strength may result in permanent displacement of the abutments and foundations, thus imposing important kinematic conditions to the bridge structure. A study to illustrate such phenomena is undertaken based on three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite-element FE modeling and analysis for a specific bridge configuration under a given seismic excitation . A bridge-foundationground model is developed based on the structural configuration and local soil conditions of the Humboldt Bay Middle Channel Bridge. The FE model and nonlinear solution strategy are built in the open-source software platform OpenSees of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Based on the simulation results, the overall system seismic response behavior is examined, as well as local deformations/stresses at selected critical locations. It is shown that permanent ground deformation may induce settlement and longitudinal/ transversal displacements of the abutments and deep foundations. The relatively massive approach ramps may also contribute to this simulated damage condition, which imposes large stresses on the bridge foundations, supporting piers, and superstructure. DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE 0733-9445 2008 134:7 1165 CE Database subject headings: Bridges; Finite element method; Soil-structure interaction; Abutments; Seismic effects; Seismic analysis; California.
Progesterone effects on preterm birth in high-risk pregnancies: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the prophylactic administration of vaginal progesterone would reduce the preterm birth rate in high-risk population including singleton and twin pregnancies. This was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study that included 150 high-risk pregnancies. Risk groups included prior spontaneous preterm birth, twin pregnancy, and uterine malformation. Micronized progesterone or placebo (100 mg) was administered daily by vaginal suppository between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. We compared progesterone and placebo groups for incidence of preterm labor and preterm delivery. Data were compared by χ² analysis and Fisher exact test. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of preterm labor between placebo and progesterone groups (45.7 vs. 25%, respectively; p < 0.05). More women delivered before 37 weeks in placebo group (57.2%) than in progesterone group (40%; p < 0.05). Administering progesterone also reduced the preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. The difference between placebo and progesterone group was statistically significant (24.3 vs. 8.8%; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in neonatal death between placebo and progesterone groups. Prophylactic vaginal progesterone reduced the rate of preterm labor and preterm delivery in high-risk pregnancies.
Competency-based medical education in two Sub-Saharan African medical schools

BACKGROUND
Relatively little has been written on Medical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, although there are over 170 medical schools in the region. A number of initiatives have been started to support medical education in the region to improve quality and quantity of medical graduates. These initiatives have led to curricular changes in the region, one of which is the introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME).


INSTITUTIONAL REVIEWS
This paper presents two medical schools, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, which successfully implemented CBME. The processes of curriculum revision are described and common themes are highlighted. Both schools used similar processes in developing their CBME curricula, with early and significant stakeholder involvement. Competencies were determined taking into consideration each country's health and education systems. Final competency domains were similar between the two schools. Both schools established medical education departments to support their new curricula. New teaching methodologies and assessment methods were needed to support CBME, requiring investments in faculty training. Both schools received external funding to support CBME development and implementation.


CONCLUSION
CBME has emerged as an important change in medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa with schools adopting it as an approach to transformative medical education. Makerere University and the University of Ibadan have successfully adopted CBME and show that CBME can be implemented even for the low-resourced countries in Africa, supported by external investments to address the human resources gap.
Literature Review on Electrospinning Process ( A Fascinating Fiber Fabrication Technique )

A literature review that discussed the early attempts at electrospinning, the process of fiber formation, were discussed in some detail. Here electrospinning process considerations were also discussed .operating parameters and material properties which affect the electrospinning process and the resulting fibre morphology has also been discussed. Early Attempts on Electrospinning are mentioned here.
Retrospective perception of parental child-rearing practices in three culturally different college groups

Abstract Retrospective perceived child-rearing practices reported by three culturally different groups of college students—Latin Americans (n = 164), CubanAmericans (n = 127), and Anglo-Americans (n = 154)—on sixteen parent practices variables were compared using a 2 (sex) × 3 (cultural group) multivariate analysis of covariance with social class as the covariate. Cuban-American mothers were perceived as more similar to Anglo than to Latin mothers, specifically in their use of disciplinary techniques. Cuban-American mothers and fathers were perceived as applying the greatest amount of achievement pressure. Anglo fathers were perceived as using physical punishment significantly more than Cuban and Latin American fathers. Overall the results provide some support for previous findings in the literature but indicate that the results in the literature on child-rearing practices comparing Anglos to Mexicans and Mexican-Americans are not easily generalizable to other Hispanic or Latin American groups.
Efficacy of an outpatient treatment for prolonged grief disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Abnormal forms of grief, currently referred to as complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder, have been discussed extensively in recent years. While the diagnostic criteria are still debated, there is no doubt that prolonged grief is disabling and may require treatment. To date, few interventions have demonstrated efficacy.


METHODS
We investigated whether outpatients suffering from prolonged grief disorder (PGD) benefit from a newly developed integrative cognitive behavioural therapy for prolonged grief (PG-CBT). A total of 51 patients were randomized into two groups, stratified by the type of death and their relationship to the deceased; 24 patients composed the treatment group and 27 patients composed the wait list control group (WG). Treatment consisted of 20-25 sessions. Main outcome was change in grief severity; secondary outcomes were reductions in general psychological distress and in comorbidity.


RESULTS
Patients on average had 2.5 comorbid diagnoses in addition to PGD. Between group effect sizes were large for the improvement of grief symptoms in treatment completers (Cohen׳s d=1.61) and in the intent-to-treat analysis (d=1.32). Comorbid depressive symptoms also improved in PG-CBT compared to WG. The completion rate was 79% in PG-CBT and 89% in WG.


LIMITATIONS
The major limitations of this study were a small sample size and that PG-CBT took longer than the waiting time.


CONCLUSIONS
PG-CBT was found to be effective with an acceptable dropout rate. Given the number of bereaved people who suffer from PGD, the results are of high clinical relevance.
State-Space Based Simulink Modeling of BLDC Motor and its Speed Control using Fuzzy PID

C. P. Singh, SS Kulkarni, S.C. Rana, Kapil Deo, Scientists, Avionics Group, ARDE, Pune (DRDO), India Email-erchandravishwa02@gmail.com Abstract: In this paper, an efficient simulation model for Fuzzy logic controlled Brushless DC Motor drives using Matlab / Simulink is presented. Here Model of BLDC motor is based on State-space and its speed loop control is based on Fuzzy logic PID controller. A three phase inverter model is implemented for Motor commutation in six steps and PWM based motor Current Control with help of three Hall Sensors which are placed at 120 electrical degrees apart around the motor shaft. Dynamic performances (i.e. Torque and Speed) and currents and voltages of the inverter components are analyzed for this model. The modeling, simulation and two loop control of BLDC have been done in MATLAB\SIMULINK software.
A study on the importance of and time spent on different modeling steps

Applying data mining and machine learning algorithms requires many steps to prepare data and to make use of modeling results. This study investigates two questions: (1) how time consuming are the pre- and post-processing steps? (2) how much research energy is spent on these steps? To answer these questions I surveyed practitioners about their experiences in applying modeling techniques and categorized data mining and machine learning research papers from 2009 according to the modeling step(s) they addressed. Survey results show that model building consumes only 14% of the time spent on a typical project; the remaining time is spent on pre- and post-processing steps. Both survey responses and the categorization of research papers show that data mining and machine learning researchers spend the majority of their energy on algorithms for constructing models and significantly less energy on other steps. These findings collectively suggest that there are research opportunities to simplify the steps that precede and follow model building.
Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients.

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in vertical alveolar bone loss and alveolar bone thickness around maxillary and mandibular central incisors in normal occlusion samples and skeletal Class III malocclusion patients.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study sample comprised 20 Korean normal occlusion subjects (mean age, 22.1 years; group 1) and patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite (mean age, 22.4 years; group 2). Three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken before orthodontic treatment, and sagittal slices chosen at the labio-lingually widest point of the maxillary and mandibular right central incisor were evaluated, respectively. The amount of vertical alveolar bone loss and/or alveolar bone thickness of the labial and lingual plate at the root apex were measured.


RESULTS
Group 2 had statistically significant more vertical bone loss than group 1 (P < .05). Alveolar bone at the apex was significantly thinner in group 2 (P < .05), except for the maxillary incisors. Mandibular incisors showed greater alveolar bone loss than was seen in maxillary incisors in both groups, especially at the lingual side in group 2 (P < .05). Overall, alveolar bone thickness at the apex was wider than cementoenamel junction (CEJ) width, except for the mandibular incisors in group 2, for which the percentage was 81.33%.


CONCLUSIONS
The hypothesis is rejected. Special care should be taken to avoid aggravating preexisting alveolar bone loss in the anterior teeth, especially in the mandible, in skeletal Class III patients, who may be more vulnerable to alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment.
Speech and Language Processing An Introduction to Natural Language Processing , Computational Linguistics , and Speech Recognition Second Edition

Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL. HAL: I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that. The idea of giving computers the ability to process human language is as old as the idea of computers themselves. This book is about the implementation and implications of that exciting idea. We introduce a vibrant interdisciplinary field with many names corresponding to its many facets, names like speech and language processing, human language technology, natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition and synthesis. The goal of this new field is to get computers to perform useful tasks involving human language, tasks like enabling human-machine communication, improving human-human communication, or simply doing useful processing of text or speech. One example of a useful such task is a conversational agent. The HAL 9000 com-Conversational agent puter in Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey is one of the most recognizable characters in 20th century cinema. HAL is an artificial agent capable of such advanced language behavior as speaking and understanding English, and at a crucial moment in the plot, even reading lips. It is now clear that HAL's creator, Arthur C. Clarke, was a little optimistic in predicting when an artificial agent such as HAL would be available. But just how far off was he? What would it take to create at least the language-related parts of HAL? We call programs like HAL that converse with humans in natural language conversational agents or dialogue systems. In this text we study the vari-Dialogue system ous components that make up modern conversational agents, including language input (automatic speech recognition and natural language understanding) and language output (dialogue and response planning and speech synthesis). Let's turn to another useful language-related task, that of making available to non-English-speaking readers the vast amount of scientific information on the Web in En-glish. Or translating for English speakers the hundreds of millions of Web pages written in other languages like Chinese. The goal of machine translation is to automatically Machine translation translate a document from one language to another. We introduce the algorithms and mathematical tools needed to understand how modern machine translation works. Machine translation is far from a solved problem; we cover the algorithms currently used in the field, as well as important component tasks. Many other language processing tasks are also related to the Web. Another such task is Web-based question answering. This is a generalization …
Force Analysis of Connected Differential Mechanisms: Application to Grasping

In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the analysis of the force capabilities of connected differential mechanisms. These systems are the key elements used to extend the principle of underactuation in grasping from the fingers to the hand itself. The concept of underactuation in robotic grasping—with fewer actuators than degrees of freedom (DOF)—allows the hand to adjust itself to an irregularly shaped object without complex control strategies and sensors. Several technological solutions have been proposed in the past but no theoretical background has been provided to analyze their characteristics, especially with respect to the forces generated. The purpose of this paper is to provide such a theoretical foundation and to illustrate its usefulness with examples applied to grasping. First, several differential elements are presented and studied. Second, a mathematical method to obtain the output force capabilities of connected differential mechanisms is presented. Finally, the technique presented is applied to two types of underactuated robotic hands. KEY WORDS—robotic hand, grasping, underactuation, underactuated finger, differential mechanisms
Evolving a New Software Development Life Cycle Model SDLC-2013 with Client Satisfaction

216 Abstract— In the era of software development there exist a large number of Models to develop software. Each model has its own characteristics, limitations and working environment. According to the requirements, software industry people use different models to develop different software. There are various models but none of them is capable to address the issues of client satisfaction. In this paper we develop a new model (SDLC-2013) for software development that lays special emphasis on client satisfaction and also tries to fulfil the objective of the Software Engineering of developing high quality product within schedule and budget. The new proposed model is designed in such a way that it allows client and developer to interact freely with each other in order to understand and implement requirements in a better way.