LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Moisture Permeability Through Multilayered Barrier Films as Applied to Flexible OLED Display

Strict protection of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other optoelectronic materials from direct contact with ambient moisture and oxygen is one of the major challenges in the development of flexible OLED displays and other flexible electronic devices. This problem is typically addressed by the use of polymeric substrates with multilayered barrier coatings comprising alternating organic/inorganic layers. The multilayered barrier approach is critically examined using a numerical model based on a defect-dominated diffusion process combined with experiments involving face-to-face lamination of two barrier films. The modeling results identify two regimes, corresponding to two distinct permeation mechanisms, and provide scaling relationships and general design criteria for multilayered barrier coatings. The results suggest that the most significant gain in barrier performance can be realized when the thickness of the organic/adhesive layer(s) in the multilayered structure is less than the average pinhole (defect) size in the inorganic barrier layer(s). 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 106: 3534–3542, 2007
Baker’s Cyst

CONTEXT
Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Baker's cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. Histologically, the cyst walls resemble synovial tissue with fibrosis evident, and there may be chronic nonspecific inflammation present. Osteocartilaginous loose bodies may also be found within the cyst, even if they are not seen in the knee joint. Baker's cysts can be a source of posterior knee pain that persists despite surgical treatment of the intra-articular lesion, and they are routinely discovered on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the symptomatic knee. Symptoms related to a popliteal cyst origin are infrequent and may be related to size.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed search was conducted with keywords related to the history, diagnosis, and treatment of Baker's cysts-namely, Baker's cyst, popliteal cyst, diagnosis, treatment, formation of popliteal cyst, surgical indications, and complications. Bibliographies from these references were also reviewed to identify related and pertinent literature.


STUDY DESIGN
Clinical review.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4.


RESULTS
Baker's cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Baker's cysts.


CONCLUSION
A capsular opening to the semimembranosus-medial head gastrocnemius bursa is a commonly found normal anatomic variant. It is thought that this can lead to the formation of a popliteal cyst in the presence of chronic knee effusions as a result of intra-articular pathology. Management of symptomatic popliteal cysts is conservative. The intra-articular pathology should be first addressed by arthroscopy. If surgical excision later becomes necessary, a limited posteromedial approach is often employed. Other treatments, such as arthroscopic debridement and closure of the valvular mechanism, are not well studied and cannot yet be recommended.
Fast frequency acquisition phase-frequency detectors for GSa/s phase-locked loops

This paper describes two techniques for designing phase-frequency detectors (PFDs) with higher operating frequencies (periods of less than 8x the delay of a fan-out-4 inverter (FO-4)) and faster frequency acquisition. Prototypes designed in 0.25-µm CMOS process exhibit operating frequencies of 1.25 GHz ( = 1/(8 ċ FO-4) ) and 1.5 GHz ( = 1/(6.7 ċ FO-4) ) for two techniques respectively whereas a conventional PFD operates < 1 GHz ( = 1/(10 ċ FO-4) ). The two proposed PFDs achieve a capture range of 1.7x and 1.2x the conventional design.
Software modeling and analysis using a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net

Petri net is a useful language to analyze and model various systems formally. Recently, many Petri nets mania devote their e orts to enhancing and extending the expressive power of Petri nets. One such e ort is to extend Petri nets with object-oriented concepts. An object-oriented paradigm provides excellent concepts to model real-world problems. Object-oriented concepts allow us to build software systems easily, intuitively, and naturally. Several high-level Petri nets with the concept of objects are suggested. These nets do not fully support the object-oriented concept, and thus can not be called object-oriented Petri nets. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net, called HOONet(Hierarchical Object-Oriented Petri Net). The formal syntax and semantics of HOONet are explained in detail. HOONet supports a wide range of object-oriented features including abstract, encapsulated and modularized objects, object interaction by message passing, inheritance, and ploymorphism. HOONet also supports a variety of analysis mechanisms such as decomposal, re ned and incremental approaches to evolve systems, unfolding the HOONet to lower level Petri net, and incremental reachability analysis for HOONet models. In addition, we demonstrate the usefulness of HOONet by applying it to modeling and analsis with an example, and some areas which can bene t by adoption of HOONet are mentioned.
Combining Microwave Radiometer and Wind Profiler Radar Measurements for High-Resolution Atmospheric Humidity Profiling

A self-consistent remote sensing physical method to retrieve atmospheric humidity high-resolution profiles by synergetic use of a microwave radiometer profiler (MWRP) and wind profiler radar (WPR) is illustrated. The proposed technique is based on the processing of WPR data for estimating the potential refractivity gradient profiles and their optimal combination with MWRP estimates of potential temperature profiles in order to fully retrieve humidity gradient profiles. The combined algorithm makes use of recent developments in WPR signal processing, computing the zeroth-, first-, and second-order moments of WPR Doppler spectra via a fuzzy logic method, which provides quality control of radar data in the spectral domain. On the other hand, the application of neural network to brightness temperatures, measured by a multichannel MWRP, can provide continuous estimates of tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles. Performance of the combined algorithm in retrieving humidity profiles is compared with simultaneous in situ radiosonde observations (raob’s). The empirical sets of WPR and MWRP data were collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Combined microwave radiometer and wind profiler measurements show encouraging results and significantly improve the spatial vertical resolution of atmospheric humidity profiles. Finally, some of the limitations found in the use of this technique and possible future improvements are also discussed.
Obstructive congenital epulis.

INTRODUCTION
Congenital epulis, known as a congenital gingival granular cell tumor, is a benign tumor and very rare in newborns. Voluminous or multiple tumors can cause mechanical obstruction of the oral cavity and may result in postnatal feeding and respiratory problems.


DISCUSSION
We report the clinical case of a female full-term newborn who presented a tumor on the upper gum obtruding into the oral cavity discovered at birth. The pregnancy was followed normally with three prenatal ultrasounds, which did not show abnormalities. The mass was excised under local anesthesia on the second day of life. The outcome was good after surgery and regular feedings were started on the second postoperative day. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of gingival tumor with granular cells and absence of signs of malignancy.


CONCLUSION
Prenatal diagnosis is fundamental in the therapeutic approach to this rare lesion but remains difficult because the findings are non specific and the generally late development of the tumor.
Comparative BTI reliability analysis of SRAM cell designs in nano-scale CMOS technology

Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) causes significant threshold voltage shift in MOSFET using Hafnium-dioxide (HfO2) High-k dielectric material. Negative BTI and Positive BTI are two types of BTI effects observed in p-channel and n-channel MOSFET. BTI affects the stability and reliability of conventional six transistor (6T) SRAM design in nano-scale CMOS technology. Eight transistor (8T) and Ten transistor (10T) SRAM cell designs are known for their ability to operate at lower supply voltages to reduce power consumption. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of different SRAM cell designs in terms of their reliability against BTI effects. For a fair comparison, voltage scaling is applied to the 8T and 10T cells to a level where they show same Static Noise Margin (SNM) as that of the 6T cell at nominal supply voltage. In a predictive 32 nm CMOS technology, the supply voltage of 8T and 10T cells is reduced to 0.42 V which is 54% lower than the nominal supply voltage (0.9 V), which the 6T cell is biased at. Due to lower supply voltage in 8T and 10T SRAM designs, the impact of BTI is lower and reliability is far better than the 6T SRAM design, while achieving significant leakage power reduction. Based on the simulation results, we recommend designing SRAM arrays using 8T SRAM cell or 10T SRAM cell in future nano-scale CMOS where BTI effect is a reliability barrier for SRAM design.
Healthcare utilization in older patients using personal emergency response systems: an analysis of electronic health records and medical alert data

BACKGROUND
Personal Emergency Response Systems (PERS) are traditionally used as fall alert systems for older adults, a population that contributes an overwhelming proportion of healthcare costs in the United States. Previous studies focused mainly on qualitative evaluations of PERS without a longitudinal quantitative evaluation of healthcare utilization in users. To address this gap and better understand the needs of older patients on PERS, we analyzed longitudinal healthcare utilization trends in patients using PERS through the home care management service of a large healthcare organization.


METHODS
Retrospective, longitudinal analyses of healthcare and PERS utilization records of older patients over a 5-years period from 2011-2015. The primary outcome was to characterize the healthcare utilization of PERS patients. This outcome was assessed by 30-, 90-, and 180-day readmission rates, frequency of principal admitting diagnoses, and prevalence of conditions leading to potentially avoidable admissions based on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services classification criteria.


RESULTS
The overall 30-day readmission rate was 14.2%, 90-days readmission rate was 34.4%, and 180-days readmission rate was 42.2%. While 30-day readmission rates did not increase significantly (p = 0.16) over the study period, 90-days (p = 0.03) and 180-days (p = 0.04) readmission rates did increase significantly. The top 5 most frequent principal diagnoses for inpatient admissions included congestive heart failure (5.7%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.6%), dysrhythmias (4.3%), septicemia (4.1%), and pneumonia (4.1%). Additionally, 21% of all admissions were due to conditions leading to potentially avoidable admissions in either institutional or non-institutional settings (16% in institutional settings only).


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic medical conditions account for the majority of healthcare utilization in older patients using PERS. Results suggest that PERS data combined with electronic medical records data can provide useful insights that can be used to improve health outcomes in older patients.
Diode laser photoablation to correct distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in an adult horse.

CASE DESCRIPTION
An 8-year-old Hanoverian mare was presented for chronic mucopurulent discharge in the left eye, which was responsive to topical antibiotic therapy.


CLINICAL FINDINGS
The nasolacrimal orifice was absent in the left nasal meatum, and anterograde irrigation of left nasolacrimal duct was not possible. Dacryocystorhinography was performed and revealed about 4-6 cm of distal nasolacrimal duct atresia.


SURGICAL TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
A novel technique was attempted with the horse under standing sedation using an urinary catheter and a 980 nm diode laser with a 600 μm diameter flexible bare quartz fiber. A nasolacrimal orifice was successfully created by ablating the nasal mucosa directly over the tip of the urinary catheter, and patency was maintained with a soft catheter sutured in place for 4 weeks. At 3 months re-evaluation, the left nasolacrimal duct was patent and functional.


CONCLUSION
This case report describes a successful novel surgical technique used to correct congenital distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in an adult horse under standing sedation. Advantages over conventional surgical techniques are shorter operating time and limited hemorrhage.
Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in the airway epithelium of asthmatic subjects and regulation by corticosteroid treatment.

BACKGROUND
Nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids are mediators of vascular and bronchial tone that are postulated to be involved in asthma. Increased levels of both are found in asthmatic subjects and are synthesised by enzymes that have cytokine inducible forms: inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. We hypothesised that the in vivo expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the airways would be increased in asthma, and that these cytokine inducible enzymes may represent targets for regulation by corticosteroid treatment.


METHODS
Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from three groups of subjects: atopic asthmatics treated with beta(2) agonists alone (n=7), atopic asthmatics additionally receiving regular treatment with corticosteroids (n=8), and non-asthmatic control subjects (n=10). Expression of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and immunoreactive protein was studied using in situ hybridisation and quantitative immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
Immunoreactivity and the hybridisation signal for iNOS and COX-2 were mainly localised in the airway epithelium. The proportion of epithelium immunostained was significantly greater in the non-steroid treated asthmatic subjects (iNOS 8.6 (1.8)%; COX-2 26.3 (4.6)%) than either the steroid treated asthmatics (iNOS 3.4 (1.0)%, p=0.009; COX-2 13.0 (0.6)%, p=0.0015) or the non-asthmatic controls (iNOS 4.2 (0.9)%, p=0.018; COX-2 11.6 (0.6)%, p=0.0003). Similarly, the hybridisation signal was stronger in the non-steroid treated group of asthmatic subjects than in the other two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the potential role of the airway epithelium both as a contributor to the inflammatory process in asthma and as a target for inhaled corticosteroid treatment in this disease.
Optimization of UHF Hilbert Antenna for Partial Discharge Detection of Transformers

Partial discharge (PD) online monitoring is an effective tool of inspecting insulation defects and identifying potential faults in power transformers. Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) approaches have caught increasing attention recently and been considered as a promising technology for online monitoring PD signals. The size of a UHF sensor for PD online monitoring of transformer is a critical factor for practical installation inside transformer. This communication presents a compact fourth order UHF Hilbert fractal antenna with desired performance and suitable size for easy installation. Actual PD experiments were carried out for four typical artificial insulation defect models while the antenna was used for PD measurements. The experimental results show that the proposed Hilbert fractal antenna is suitable and effective for UHF online monitoring of PDs in transformers.
Challenges and Solutions for Latin Named Entity Recognition

Author Title Annotation Domain Genre Caesar De Bello Gallico (BG) ~59,000 wd Source Historiography Pliny Epistulae (Ep) ~18,500 wd Target-1 Letters Ovid Ars Amatoria (AA) ~17,500 wd Target-2 Elegiac Poetry • Active Learning • Maximize improvement rate per additional sentence annotated • Provide user with realistic expectations • Predict expected accuracy gain per sentence annotated • User input augments training data, improves domain coverage
Gender Stereotypes in Children's Picture Books.

Research has examined how gender stereotypes and sexism in picture books affect the development of gender identity in young children, how children's books in the last decade have portrayed gender, and how researchers evaluate picture books for misrepresentations of gender. A review of the research indicated that gender development is a critical part of the earliest and most important learning experiences of a young child. Picture books provide role models for children in defining standards for feminine and masculine behavior; gender stereotypes and sexism limit children's potential growth and development; non-sexist books can produce positive changes in self-concept, attitudes, and behavior; and picture books in the last decade have shown some improvement in reducing stereotypes, but subtle stereotypes still exist. Recommendations include: teachers, parents, and care-givers need to be critical in evaluating books they plan to share with young children; teachers and parents need to become familiar with criteria for evaluating books; teachers need to be critical in selecting multicultural literature; more minorities, particularly authors of Mexican American and African American ethnicity, need to write fiction for young children that authenticate their heritage; universities need to train teachers to be aware of the use of male-dominated language and the positive benefits of using non-sexist books and classroom materials; and research on books published should continue. (Contains 21 references, appendixes contain a checklist for sexism in children's literature, and two tables and two figures of data. (RS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Gender Stereotypes in Children's Picture Books U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Originating it. o Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points 01 view or Opinions stated in this dOCument do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) May M. Narahara EDEL 570 Dr. Kahl Spring 1998 2 ItEST COPY AVAIIIA
Using S-parameter measurements to determine the threshold voltage, gain factor, and mobility degradation factor for microwave bulk-MOSFETs

In this paper, we present an extraction and characterization methodology which allows for the determination, from S-parameter measurements, of the threshold voltage, the gain factor, and the mobility degradation factor, neither requiring data regressions involving multiple devices nor DC measurements. This methodology takes into account the substrate effects occurring in MOSFETs built in bulk technology so that physically meaningful parameters can be obtained. Furthermore, an analysis of the substrate impedance is presented, showing that this parasitic component not only degrades the performance of a microwave MOSFET, but may also lead to determining unrealistic values for the model parameters when not considered during a high-frequency characterization process. Measurements were made on transistors of different lengths, the shortest being 80 nm, in the 10 MHz to 40 GHz frequency range. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microwave Tomography for Detection/Imaging of Myocardial Infarction. I. Excised Canine Hearts

We have demonstrated previously that the dielectric properties of myocardium at microwave spectrum are a sensitive indicator of its blood content, ischemia, and infarction. The purpose of this study is to validate the feasibility of microwave tomography for detection of myocardial infarction based on the differences in dielectric properties between normal and infarcted tissues. Excised canine hearts with two weeks myocardial infarction were imaged. Tomographic imaging experiments were conducted using a three-dimensional (3D) microwave tomographic system operating at a frequency of 1.0 GHz. To obtain the images, we used 3D reconstruction algorithms. Images of excised canine hearts with myocardial infarction were obtained at a frequency of 1 GHz, applicable for whole body imaging. Microwave tomographic images were compared with anatomical slices. The comparison confirms that microwave tomography is capable of detection of myocardial infarction. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8757Gg, 8763-d, 8719Hh
The microenvironment in hepatocyte regeneration and function in rats with advanced cirrhosis.

UNLABELLED
In advanced cirrhosis, impaired function is caused by intrinsic damage to the native liver cells and from the abnormal microenvironment in which the cells reside. The extent to which each plays a role in liver failure and regeneration is unknown. To examine this issue, hepatocytes from cirrhotic and age-matched control rats were isolated, characterized, and transplanted into the livers of noncirrhotic hosts whose livers permit extensive repopulation with donor cells. Primary hepatocytes derived from livers with advanced cirrhosis and compensated function maintained metabolic activity and the ability to secrete liver-specific proteins, whereas hepatocytes derived from cirrhotic livers with decompensated function failed to maintain metabolic or secretory activity. Telomere studies and transcriptomic analysis of hepatocytes recovered from progressively worsening cirrhotic livers suggest that hepatocytes from irreversibly failing livers show signs of replicative senescence and express genes that simultaneously drive both proliferation and apoptosis, with a later effect on metabolism, all under the control of a central cluster of regulatory genes, including nuclear factor κB and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. Cells from cirrhotic and control livers engrafted equally well, but those from animals with cirrhosis and failing livers showed little initial evidence of proliferative capacity or function. Both, however, recovered more than 2 months after transplantation, indicating that either mature hepatocytes or a subpopulation of adult stem cells are capable of full recovery in severe cirrhosis.


CONCLUSION
Transplantation studies indicate that the state of the host microenvironment is critical to the regenerative potential of hepatocytes, and that a change in the extracellular matrix can lead to regeneration and restoration of function by cells derived from livers with end-stage organ failure.