LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
When Smart Groups Fail.

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β-Adrenergic stimulation does not activate Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea pig, mouse, and rat ventricular myocytes

Lin, Xue, Hikari Jo, Yutaka Sakakibara, Keiichi Tambara, Bongju Kim, Masashi Komeda, and Satoshi Matsuoka. -Adrenergic stimulation does not activate Na /Ca exchange current in guinea pig, mouse, and rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C601–C608, 2006. First published October 5, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00452.2005.—The effect of -adrenergic stimulation on cardiac Na /Ca exchange has been controversial. To clarify the effect, we measured Na /Ca exchange current (INCX) in voltage-clamped guinea pig, mouse, and rat ventricular cells. When INCX was defined as a 5 mM Ni -sensitive current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, 1 M isoproterenol apparently augmented INCX by 32%. However, this increase was probably due to contamination of the cAMP-dependent Cl current (CFTR-Cl current, ICFTR-Cl), because Ni inhibited the activation of ICFTR-Cl by 1 M isoproterenol with a half-maximum concentration of 0.5 mM under conditions where INCX was suppressed. Five or ten millimolar Ni did not inhibit ICFTR-Cl activated by 10 M forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, suggesting that Ni acted upstream of adenylate cyclase in the -adrenergic signaling pathway. Furthermore, in a low-extracellular Cl bath solution, 1 M isoproterenol did not significantly alter the amplitude of Ni -sensitive INCX at 50 mV, which is close to the reversal potential of ICFTR-Cl. No change in INCX amplitude was induced by 10 M forskolin. When INCX was activated by extracellular Ca , it was not significantly affected by 1 M isoproterenol in guinea pig, mouse, or rat ventricular cells. We concluded that -adrenergic stimulation does not have significant effects on INCX in guinea pig, mouse, or rat ventricular myocytes.
Attacking the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem

Definition 1.1. Given a finite abelian group G written multiplicatively and elements b and g in G, the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) consists of finding an integer n such that bn = g, if such an n exists. The difficulty involved in computing the discrete logarithm varies with the choice of G. For example, in the additive group of integers modulo n, (Z/nZ)+, the problem can be solved efficiently. Given b and g such that 0 ≤ b, g ≤ n − 1 and kb ≡ g mod n for some integer k, then the Extended Euclidean Algorithm can be used to quickly compute a such that ba ≡ 1 mod n, so that akb ≡ k mod n. See [3] for a more detailed explanation. For the purposes of cryptography, a group in which the discrete logoarithm is difficult to compute is desirable. In such a context, the discrete logarithm becomes a trapdoor, or one-way, function, since exponentiation (the inverse operation) can always be performed efficiently through repeated squaring. There are two widely used groups in public key cryptosystems based on the discrete logarithm problem, the multiplicative group of integers (Z/pZ)∗ and the elliptic curve group E(Z/nZ). The first popular public key cryptosystems were based on the DLP in (Z/nZ)∗. Systems based on E(Z/nZ) have drawn substantial interest more recently due to the DLP being harder in that context. In this paper, we focus on the DLP in E(Z/nZ).
Operation CeaseFire-New Orleans: an infectious disease model for addressing community recidivism from penetrating trauma.

BACKGROUND
CeaseFire, using an infectious disease approach, addresses violence by partnering hospital resources with the community by providing violence interruption and community-based services for an area roughly composed of a single city zip code (70113). Community-based violence interrupters start in the trauma center from the moment penetrating trauma occurs, through hospital stay, and in the community after release. This study interprets statistics from this pilot program, begun May 2012. We hypothesize a decrease in penetrating trauma rates in the target area compared with others after program implementation.


METHODS
This was a 3-year prospective data collection of trauma registry from May 2010 to May 2013. All intentional, target area, penetrating trauma treated at our Level I trauma center received immediate activation of CeaseFire personnel. Incidences of violent trauma and rates of change, by zip code, were compared with the same period for 2 years before implementation.


RESULTS
During this period, the yearly incidence of penetrating trauma in Orleans Parish increased. Four of the highest rates were found in adjacent zip codes: 70112, 70113, 70119, and 70125. Average rates per 100,000 were 722.7, 523.6, 286.4, and 248, respectively. These areas represent four of the six zip codes citywide that saw year-to-year increases in violent trauma during this period. Zip 70113 saw a lower rate of rise in trauma compared with 70112 and a higher but comparable rise compared with that of 70119 and 70125.


CONCLUSION
Hospital-based intervention programs that partner with culturally appropriate personnel and resources outside the institution walls have potential to have meaningful impact over the long term. While few conclusions of the effect of such a program can be drawn in a 12-month period, we anticipate long-term changes in the numbers of penetrating injuries in the target area and in the rest of the city as this program expands.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level IV.
A new ranking method for principal components analysis and its application to face image analysis

In this work, we investigate a new ranking method for principal component analysis (PCA). Instead of sorting the principal components in decreasing order of the corresponding eigenvalues, we propose the idea of using the discriminant weights given by separating hyperplanes to select among the principal components the most discriminant ones. The method is not restricted to any particular probability density function of the sample groups because it can be based on either a parametric or non-parametric separating hyperplane approach. In addition, the number of meaningful discriminant directions is not limited to the number of groups, providing additional information to understand group differences extracted from high-dimensional problems. To evaluate the discriminant principal components, separation tasks have been performed using face images and three different databases. Our experimental results have shown that the principal components selected by the separating hyperplanes allow robust reconstruction and interpretation of the data, as well as higher recognition rates using less linear features in situations where the differences between the sample groups are subtle and consequently most difficult for the standard and state-of-the-art PCA selection methods. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evidence Based Health Informatics: 10 Years of Efforts to Promote the Principle. Joint Contribution of IMIA WG EVAL and EFMI WG EVAL.

OBJECTIVES
To present the importance of Evidence-based Health Informatics (EBHI) and the ethical imperative of this approach; to highlight the work of the IMIA Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Improvement and the EFMI Working Group on Assessment of Health Information Systems; and to introduce the further important evaluation and evidence aspects being addressed.


METHODS
Reviews of IMIA, EFMA and other initiatives, together with literature reviews on evaluation methods and on published systematic reviews.


RESULTS
Presentation of the rationale for the health informatics domain to adopt a scientific approach by assessing impact, avoiding harm, and empirically demonstrating benefit and best use; reporting of the origins and rationale of the IMIA- and EQUATOR-endorsed Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics (STARE-HI) and of the IMIA WG's Guideline for Good Evaluation Practice in Health Informatics (GEP-HI); presentation of other initiatives for objective evaluation; and outlining of further work in hand on usability and indicators; together with the case for development of relevant evaluation methods in newer applications such as telemedicine. The focus is on scientific evaluation as a reliable source of evidence, and on structured presentation of results to enable easy retrieval of evidence.


CONCLUSIONS
EBHI is feasible, necessary for efficiency and safety, and ethically essential. Given the significant impact of health informatics on health systems, care delivery and personal health, it is vital that cultures change to insist on evidence-based policies and investment, and that emergent global moves for this are supported.
The RECOVER I: a multicenter prospective study of Impella 5.0/LD for postcardiotomy circulatory support.

OBJECTIVES
Cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery is accompanied by a high mortality rate. Early institution of hemodynamic support with a versatile, easy to insert left ventricular assist device might help bridge patients to recovery or to the next therapy, and improve the outcomes.


METHODS
Patients developing cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome after being weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in a prospective single-arm feasibility study (RECOVER I). The primary safety endpoint was the frequency of major adverse events (death, stroke) at 30 days or discharge, whichever was longer. The primary efficacy endpoint was survival of the patient to implementation of the next therapy, which included recovery at 30 days after device removal and bridge-to-other-therapy.


RESULTS
Sixteen patients provided informed consent and were enrolled in the study. Hemodynamics improved immediately after the initiation of mechanical support: cardiac index, 1.65 versus 2.7 L/min/m(2) (P = .0001); mean arterial pressure, 71.4 versus 83.1 mm Hg (P = .01); and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, 28.0 versus 19.8 mm Hg (P < .0001). The pump provided an average of 4.0 ± 0.6 L/min of flow for an average duration of 3.7 ± 2.9 days (range, 1.7-12.6). The primary safety endpoint occurred in 2 patients (13%; 1 stroke and 1 death). For the primary efficacy endpoint, recovery of the native heart function was obtained in 93% of the patients discharged, with bridge-to-other-therapy in 7%. Survival to 30 days, 3 months, and 1 year was 94%, 81%, and 75%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of the Impella 5.0/left direct device is safe and feasible in patients presenting with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. The device was rapidly inserted, enabled early support, and yielded favorable outcomes.
Epalrestat, an aldose reductase ihibitor, reduces the levels of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine protein adducts and their precursors in erythrocytes from diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE
To clarify the role of the polyol pathway in the intracellular formation of advanced glycation end products in human tissues, we examined the effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on the level of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) along with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and triosephosphates in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were also determined as indicators of oxidative stress.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 12 nondiabetic volunteers, 38 untreated type 2 diabetic patients, and 16 type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated with 150 mg epalrestat/day. Blood samples were also collected from 14 of the untreated type 2 diabetic patients before and after the administration of epalrestat for 2 months. The amount of erythrocyte CML was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 3-DG was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography


RESULTS
In diabetic patients not treated with epalrestat, the erythrocyte CML level was significantly elevated above levels seen in nondiabetic individuals (49.9 +/- 5.0 vs. 31.0 +/- 5.2 U/g protein, P < 0.05) and was significantly lower in patients receiving epalrestat (33.1 +/- 3.8 U/g protein, P < 0.05). Similar results were observed with 3-DG. The treatment of patients with epalrestat for 2 months significantly lowered the level of erythrocyte CML (46.2 +/- 5.6 at baseline vs. 34.4 +/- 5.0 U/g protein, P < 0.01) along with erythrocyte 3-DG (P < 0.05), triosephosphates (P < 0.05), fructose (P < 0.05), sorbitol (P < 0.05), and plasma TBARS (P < 0.05) without changes in plasma glucose and HbA(1c) levels. A positive correlation was evident between the erythrocyte CML and sorbitol (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) or fructose (r = 0.40, P < 0.05) levels in diabetic patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that epalrestat administration lowers CML and associated variables and that polyol metabolites are correlated with CML in the erythrocytes of diabetic patients. The observed results suggest that aldose reductase activity may play a substantial role in the intracellular formation of CML in the mediation of reactive intermediate metabolites and oxidative stress.
Wizard of Oz for participatory design: inventing a gestural interface for 3D selection of neural pathway estimates

This paper describes a participatory design process employed to invent an interface for 3D selection of neural pathways estimated from MRI imaging of human brains. Existing pathway selection interfaces are frustratingly difficult to use, since they require the 3D placement of regions-of-interest within the brain data using only a mouse and keyboard. The proposed system addresses these usability problems by providing an interface that is potentially more intuitive and powerful: converting 2D mouse gestures into 3D path selections. The contributions of this work are twofold: 1) we introduce a participatory design process in which users invent and test their own gestural selection interfaces using a Wizard of Oz prototype, and 2) this process has helped to yield the design of an interface for 3D pathway selection, a problem that is known to be difficult. Aspects of both the design process and the interface may generalize to other interface design problems.
Beta-lactam dosing in critically ill patients with septic shock and continuous renal replacement therapy

Although early and appropriate antibiotic therapy remains the most important intervention for successful treatment of septic shock, data guiding optimization of beta-lactam prescription in critically ill patients prescribed with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are still limited. Being small hydrophilic molecules, beta-lactams are likely to be cleared by CRRT to a significant extent. As a result, additional variability may be introduced to the per se variable antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. This article aims to describe the current clinical scenario for beta-lactam dosing in critically ill patients with septic shock and CRRT, to highlight the sources of variability among the different studies that reduce extrapolation to clinical practice, and to identify the opportunities for future research and improvement in this field. Three frequently prescribed beta-lactams (meropenem, piperacillin and ceftriaxone) were chosen for review. Our findings showed that present dosing recommendations are based on studies with drawbacks limiting their applicability in the clinical setting. In general, current antibiotic dosing regimens for CRRT follow a one-size-fits-all fashion despite emerging clinical data suggesting that drug clearance is partially dependent on CRRT modality and intensity. Moreover, some studies pool data from heterogeneous populations with CRRT that may exhibit different pharmacokinetics (for example, admission diagnoses different to septic shock, such as trauma), which also limit their extrapolation to critically ill patients with septic shock. Finally, there is still no consensus regarding the %T>MIC (percentage of dosing interval when concentration of the antibiotic is above the minimum inhibitory concentration of the pathogen) value that should be chosen as the pharmacodynamic target for antibiotic therapy in patients with septic shock and CRRT. For empirically optimized dosing, during the first day a loading dose is required to compensate the increased volume of distribution, regardless of impaired organ function. An additional loading dose may be required when CRRT is initiated due to steady-state equilibrium breakage driven by clearance variation. From day 2, dosing must be adjusted to CRRT settings and residual renal function. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactams may be regarded as a useful tool to daily individualize dosing and to ensure optimal antibiotic exposure.
Structure damage diagnosis using neural network and feature fusion

A structure damage diagnosis method combining the wavelet packet decomposition, multi-sensor feature fusion theory and neural network pattern classification was presented. Firstly, vibration signals gathered from sensors were decomposed using orthogonal wavelet. Secondly, the relative energy of decomposed frequency band was calculated. Thirdly, the input feature vectors of neural network classifier were built by fusing wavelet packet relative energy distribution of these sensors. Finally, with the trained classifier, damage diagnosis and assessment was realized. The result indicates that, a much more precise and reliable diagnosis information is obtained and the diagnosis accuracy is improved as well. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
RECTENNAS DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS

The present paper describes the development of rectenna in terms of its applications in Microwave Power Transmission, Harmonic Rejection, CP radiation and ISM band. These rectennas consist of several antennas such as dipole, antenna arrays, slot meander line and rhombic loop antennas along with the rectifying diodes. In some cases more than one rectifying devices have also been used and antenna is found to be act at dual bands. It has also found that rectenna reject the harmonics upto 3 order and enhanced the performance characteristics. The maximum efficiency about 91% with 1.2 W of input power has been observed if the rectenna is used for microwave transmission.
An efficient continuous tracking system in real-time surveillance application

A tracking object must present a proper field of view (FOV) in a multiple active camera surveillance system; its clarity can facilitate smooth processing by the surveillance system before further processing, such as face recognition. However, when pan–tilt–zoom (PTZ) cameras are used, the tracking object can be brought into the FOV by adjusting its intrinsic parameters; consequently, selection of the best-performing camera is critical. Performance is determined by the relative positions of the camera and the tracking objects, image quality, lighting and how much of the front side of the object faces the camera. In a multi-camera surveillance system, both camera hand-off and camera assignment play an important role in automated and persistent tracking, which are typical surveillance requirements. This study investigates the use of automatic methods for tracking an object across cameras in a surveillance network using PTZ cameras. An automatic, efficient continuous tracking scheme is developed. The goal is to determine the decision criteria for hand-off using Sight Quality Indication (SQI) (which includes information on the position of the object and the proportion of the front of object faces the camera), and to perform the camera handoff task in a manner that optimizes the vision effect associated with monitoring. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm can be efficiently executed, and the handoff method for feasible and continuously tracking active objects under real-time surveillance. & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of robot-assisted therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to present a systematic review of studies that investigate the effects of robot-assisted therapy on motor and functional recovery in patients with stroke.


METHODS
A database of articles published up to October 2006 was compiled using the following Medline key words: cerebral vascular accident, cerebral vascular disorders, stroke, paresis, hemiplegia, upper extremity, arm, and robot. References listed in relevant publications were also screened. Studies that satisfied the following selection criteria were included: (1) patients were diagnosed with cerebral vascular accident; (2) effects of robot-assisted therapy for the upper limb were investigated; (3) the outcome was measured in terms of motor and/or functional recovery of the upper paretic limb; and (4) the study was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). For each outcome measure, the estimated effect size (ES) and the summary effect size (SES) expressed in standard deviation units (SDU) were calculated for motor recovery and functional ability (activities of daily living [ADLs]) using fixed and random effect models. Ten studies, involving 218 patients, were included in the synthesis. Their methodological quality ranged from 4 to 8 on a (maximum) 10-point scale.


RESULTS
Meta-analysis showed a nonsignificant heterogeneous SES in terms of upper limb motor recovery. Sensitivity analysis of studies involving only shoulder-elbow robotics subsequently demonstrated a significant homogeneous SES for motor recovery of the upper paretic limb. No significant SES was observed for functional ability (ADL).


CONCLUSION
As a result of marked heterogeneity in studies between distal and proximal arm robotics, no overall significant effect in favor of robot-assisted therapy was found in the present meta-analysis. However, subsequent sensitivity analysis showed a significant improvement in upper limb motor function after stroke for upper arm robotics. No significant improvement was found in ADL function. However, the administered ADL scales in the reviewed studies fail to adequately reflect recovery of the paretic upper limb, whereas valid instruments that measure outcome of dexterity of the paretic arm and hand are mostly absent in selected studies. Future research into the effects of robot-assisted therapy should therefore distinguish between upper and lower robotics arm training and concentrate on kinematical analysis to differentiate between genuine upper limb motor recovery and functional recovery due to compensation strategies by proximal control of the trunk and upper limb.
Biometric Storyboards: visualising meaningful gameplay events

Due to the specific characteristics of video games most of the established HCI methods of user research cannot be used the same way for video games. One of the challenges is to gain insight into how players feel and behave when playing a game. This paper explores a technique on using Biometrics measure and Storyboards where we graph the player's experience journey over a longer period. The graph could visualise a meaningful relationship between the changes in a player’s biometric signal and game events. This would enable game developers to have a better understanding of players’ gameplay behaviour and eventually help them optimise the experience of their game.