LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
China Brain Project: Basic Neuroscience, Brain Diseases, and Brain-Inspired Computing

The China Brain Project covers both basic research on neural mechanisms underlying cognition and translational research for the diagnosis and intervention of brain diseases as well as for brain-inspired intelligence technology. We discuss some emerging themes, with emphasis on unique aspects.
The Maintaining Musculoskeletal Health (MAmMOTH) Study: Protocol for a randomised trial of cognitive behavioural therapy versus usual care for the prevention of chronic widespread pain

BACKGROUND
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with fibromyalgia, and its cardinal feature chronic widespread pain (CWP). Prediction models have now been developed which identify groups who are at high-risk of developing CWP. It would be beneficial to be able to prevent the development of CWP in these people because of the high cost of symptoms and because once established they are difficult to manage. We will test the hypothesis that among patients who are identified as at high-risk, a short course of telephone-delivered CBT (tCBT) reduces the onset of CWP. We will further determine the cost-effectiveness of such a preventative intervention.


METHODS
The study will be a two-arm randomised trial testing a course of tCBT against usual care for prevention of CWP. Eligible participants will be identified from a screening questionnaire sent to patients registered at general practices within three Scottish health boards. Those returning questionnaires indicating they have visited their doctor for regional pain in the last 6 months, and who have two of, sleep problems, maladaptive behaviour response to illness, or high number of somatic symptoms, will be invited to participate. After giving consent, participants will be randomly allocated to either tCBT or usual care. We aim to recruit 473 participants to each treatment arm. Participants in the tCBT group will have an initial assessment with a CBT therapist by telephone, then 6 weekly sessions, and booster sessions 3 and 6 months after treatment start. Those in the usual care group will receive no additional intervention. Follow-up questionnaires measuring the same items as the screening survey questionnaire will be sent 3, 12 and 24 months after start of treatment. The main outcome will be CWP at the 12 month questionnaire.


DISCUSSION
This will be the first trial of an intervention aimed at preventing fibromyalgia or CWP. The results of the study will help to inform future treatments for the prevention of chronic pain, and aetiological models of its development.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02668003URL: Please check that the following URLs are working. If not, please provide alternatives: NCT02668003Alternative is: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02668003> . Date registered: 28-Jan-2016.
Dietary fat intake as risk factor for the development of diabetes: multinational, multicenter study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of dietary factors in the development of type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the context of the Multinational MGSD Nutrition Study, three groups of subjects were studied: 204 subjects with recently diagnosed diabetes (RDM), 42 subjects with undiagnosed diabetes (UDM) (American Diabetes Association criteria-fasting plasma glucose [FPG] > or =126 mg/dl), and 55 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (FPG > or =110 and <126 mg/dl). Each group was compared with a control group of nondiabetic subjects, matched one by one for center, sex, age, and BMI. Nutritional habits were evaluated by a dietary history method, validated against the 3-day diet diary. In RDM, the questionnaire referred to the nutritional habits before the diagnosis of diabetes. Demographic data were collected, and anthropometrical and biochemical measurements were taken.


RESULTS
Compared with control subjects, RDM more frequently had a family history of diabetes (49.0 vs. 14.2%; P < 0.001), exercised less (exercise index 53.5 vs. 64.4; P < 0.01), and more frequently had sedentary professions (47.5 vs. 27.4%; P < 0.001). Carbohydrates contributed less to their energy intake (53.5 vs. 55.1%; P < 0.05), whereas total fat (30.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 27.8 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.001) and animal fat (12.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.3%; P < 0.01) contributed more and the plant-to-animal fat ratio was lower (1.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.1; P < 0.01). UDM more frequently had a family history of diabetes (38.1 vs. 19.0%; P < 0.05) and sedentary professions (58.5 vs. 34.1%; P < 0.05), carbohydrates contributed less to their energy intake (47.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 52.8 +/- 1.4%; P < 0.05), total fat (34.7 +/- 1.5 vs. 30.4 +/- 1.2%; P < 0.05) and animal fat (14.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.6 +/- 0.7%; P < 0.05) contributed more, and the plant-to-animal fat ratio was lower (1.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.4; P < 0.05). IFG differed only in the prevalence of family history of diabetes (32.7 vs. 16.4%; P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data support the view that increased animal fat intake is associated with the presence of diabetes.
On pressure and velocity boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann BGK model

Pressure~density! and velocity boundary conditions are studied for 2-D and 3-D lattice Boltzmann BGK models~LBGK! and a new method to specify these conditions is proposed. These conditions are constructed in consistency with the wall boundary condition, based on the idea of bounceback of the non-equilibrium distribution. When these conditions are used together with the incompressible LBGK model @J. Stat. Phys.81, 35 ~1995!# the simulation results recover the analytical solution of the plane Poiseuille flow driven by a pressure ~density! difference. The half-way wall bounceback boundary condition is also used with the pressure ~density! inlet/outlet conditions proposed in this paper and in Phys. Fluids 8, 2527~1996! to study 2-D Poiseuille flow and 3-D square duct flow. The numerical results are approximately second-order accurate. The magnitude of the error of the half-way wall bounceback boundary condition is comparable with that of other published boundary conditions and it has better stability behavior. © 1997 American Institute of Physics. @S1070-6631 ~97!03406-5#
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications

The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermalstorage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. This paper also summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available thermal energy storage systems incorporating PCMs for use in different applications. # 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of a COPD comprehensive case management program on hospital length of stay and readmission rates

BACKGROUND
COPD accounts for the highest rate of hospital admissions among major chronic diseases. COPD hospitalizations are associated with impaired quality of life, high health care utilization, and poor prognosis and result in an economic and a social burden that is both substantial and increasing.


AIM
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of a comprehensive case management program (CCMP) in reducing length of stay (LOS) and risk of hospital admissions and readmissions in patients with COPD.


MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
We retrospectively compared outcomes across five large hospitals in Vancouver, BC, Canada, following the implementation of a systems approach to the management of COPD patients who were identified in the hospital and followed up in the community for 90 days. We compared numbers, rates, and intervals of readmission and LOS during 2 years of active program delivery compared to 1 year prior to program implementation.


RESULTS
A total of 1,564 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD were identified from 2,719 hospital admissions during the 3 years of study. The disease management program reduced COPD-related hospitalizations by 30% and hospitalizations for all causes by 13.6%. Similarly, the rate of readmission for all causes showed a significant decline, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.55 (year 1) and 0.51 (year 2) of intervention (P<0.001). In addition, patients' mean LOS (days) for COPD-related admissions declined significantly from 10.8 to 6.8 (P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
A comprehensive disease management program for COPD patients, including education, case management, and follow-up, was associated with significant reduction in hospital admissions and LOS.
Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale: a new computer-based rating scale for Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND
The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) was designed as a rating scale for the severity of dysfunction in the cognitive and non-cognitive behaviours that are characteristic of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Its subscale, the ADAS-cog, is a cognitive testing instrument most widely used to measure the impact of the disease. However, the ADAS-cog takes more than 45 min to administer and requires a qualified clinical psychologist as the rater. A more comprehensive rating battery is therefore required. In the present study, we developed a computerized test battery named the Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS), which was intended to substitute for the ADAS-Cog, and was specifically designed to rate cognitive dysfunction quickly and without the need of a specialist rater.


METHODS
The hardware for the TDAS comprises a 14-inch touch panel display and computer devices built into one case. The TDAS runs on Windows OS and was bundled with a custom program made with reference to the ADAS-cog. Participants in the present study were 34 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Each participant was administered the ADAS-cog and the TDAS. The test scores for each patient were compared to determine whether the severity of cognitive dysfunction of the patients could be rated equally as well by both tests.


RESULTS
Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the total scores (r= 0.69, P < 0.01) on the two scales for each patient. The Kendall coefficients of concordance obtained for the three corresponding pairs of tasks (word recognition, orientation, and naming object and fingers) showed the three TDAS tasks can rate symptoms of cognitive decline equally as well as the corresponding items on the ADAS-cog.


CONCLUSIONS
The TDAS appears to be a sensitive and comprehensive assessment battery for rating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, and can be substituted for the ADAS-cog.
The personality profile of a cyberbully: Examining the Dark Triad

The present study examined the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits and self-reported cyberbullying behaviors. College students (N = 227) completed a questionnaire and reported on their trait Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, and the degree to which they cyberbullied (i.e., both visual and text based bullying) others in the past year. Correlations revealed that all three Dark Triad traits were related positively with cyberbullying. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that of the three Dark Triad traits, psychopathy emerged as the unique predictor of cyberbullying. These findings reinforce extant research suggesting that personality traits are important predictors of computer-mediated behavior. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation

Aim The long-term stability of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes depends upon the maintenance of soil elevations within the intertidal habitat as sea level changes. We examined the rates and processes of peat formation by mangroves of the Caribbean Region to better understand biological controls on habitat stability. Location Mangrove-dominated islands on the Caribbean coasts of Belize, Honduras and Panama were selected as study sites. Methods Biological processes controlling mangrove peat formation were manipulated (in Belize) by the addition of nutrients (nitrogen or phosphorus) to Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), and the effects on the dynamics of soil elevation were determined over a 3-year period using rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and marker horizons. Peat composition and geological accretion rates were determined at all sites using radiocarbon-dated cores. Results The addition of nutrients to mangroves caused significant changes in rates of mangrove root accumulation, which influenced both the rate and direction of change in elevation. Areas with low root input lost elevation and those with high rates gained elevation. These findings were consistent with peat analyses at multiple Caribbean sites showing that deposits (up to 10 m in depth) were composed primarily of mangrove root matter. Comparison of radiocarbon-dated cores at the study sites with a sea-level curve for the western Atlantic indicated a tight coupling between peat building in Caribbean mangroves and sea-level rise over the Holocene. Main conclusions Mangroves common to the Caribbean region have adjusted to changing sea level mainly through subsurface accumulation of refractory mangrove roots. Without root and other organic inputs, submergence of these tidal forests is inevitable due to peat decomposition, physical compaction and eustatic sea-level rise. These findings have relevance for predicting the effects of sea-level rise and biophysical processes on tropical mangrove ecosystems.
Calibre-persistent labial artery: often misdiagnosed as a mucocoele.

The authors present five cases of calibre-persistent labial artery (CPLA) all of which were diagnosed clinically as a labial mucocoele. The purpose of this article is to bring this rarely reported lesion to the attention of clinicians.
Fractional photothermolysis for skin rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND
Fractional photothermolysis has become an important laser modality in management of a number of skin conditions and photoaging. The authors describe the scientific basis of fractional photothermolysis, report on most of the available devices, discuss their clinical uses and techniques, and attempt to decipher their relative efficacy.


METHODS
The authors reviewed as best as possible all fractional lasers currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for distribution into the United States. Laser wavelength, means of delivery, depth of penetration, and special features were collated.


RESULTS
Nine fractional lasers were evaluated. Main differences in outcome were related to type of laser wavelength. In general, scanning technologies are faster and more precise. Deeper injuries result in more collagen remodeling. Variations in laser wavelengths, depth of injury, type of delivery system, consumables, and architecture of the fractionated laser light are important considerations when evaluating fractional lasers. Little scientific research comparing the injury, healing, and outcomes of the various fractional lasers is available.


CONCLUSIONS
Fractional photothermolysis represents a breakthrough in laser treatment for a wide array of skin problems. The safety profile has been improved over conventional ablative lasers, and the range of skin types and treatment areas have been expanded. Unlike full-surface flat beam resurfacing, fractional resurfacing damages specific microtreatment zones within the target area. Nonablative fractionals do not achieve results similar to those of the fractional ablative lasers, but certain conditions may respond better to nonablative fractional treatments. More data are needed on the comparative effects of the various types of lasers and their best indications.
Crystallization, glass transition, and molecular dynamics in PDMS of low molecular weights: A calorimetric and dielectric study

Abstract In this work linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of five low molecular weights, W m ∼2–8 kg/mol, i.e. mainly below the entanglement threshold, is studied employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC), a special dielectric technique in the temperature domain, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). It is shown mainly via raw data that the crystallization and glass transition for the larger W m s follow expected trends, however, for W m ∼2 k (corresponding to ∼22 monomers/chain) crystallization is severely suppressed and slower. Moreover, it is demonstrated that upon isothermal annealing the crystalline fraction (CF) is maximized for all W m s with the exception of the lower one. For the latter, results indicate that during the annealing only the first stages of crystallization (nucleation, ordering of the polymer around the nuclei) take place, while the main crystallization event (formation of crystals) is recorded only upon heating, via the cold crystallization process. The suppressed crystallizability originates from the retarded nucleation. In particular for the lower W m , the presence of large numbers of chain ends should be at the origins of hindered short range ordering of the polymer chains, as well as in relation to the difficult formation of physical crosslinks. At the same time, in TSDC and BDS uniquely for W m ∼2 k upon annealing and CF∼0, next to the relaxation peaks related with the glass transition of the bulk-like polymer ( α and α c ), an additional quite strong peak ( α new ) is recorded at higher temperatures. The overall characteristics of α new relaxation resemble those of PDMS chains constrained and ordered in the interfacial layer in amorphous silica/PDMS nanocomposites ( α int relaxation). Thus, combing the overall results with results from the literature, it is proposed that α new is a direct recoding of retarded dynamics of the polymer chains being ordered around the crystallization nuclei or around extremely small crystals.
The inverse kinematics solutions of fundamental robot manipulators with offset wrist

In this work, the inverse kinematics of sixteen fundamental 6-DOF robot manipulators with offset wrist were solved analytically and numerically. Analytical and numerical techniques are the most common approaches for solving inverse kinematics problems. They are generally desired to be solved analytically in order to have complete solution and fast computation. This approach is also called as closed form solution and in the absence of it, numerical techniques are used for solving the inverse kinematics problem. As examples, the inverse kinematics solutions of RS (Scara robot), CS (cylindrical robot), and NN (spherical robot) robot manipulators with offset wrist were presented in this paper. Also, the inverse kinematics solution techniques for sixteen fundamental robot manipulators equipped with offset wrist were summarized in a table.
A Linear MOS Transconductor Using Source Degeneration and Adaptive Biasing

This paper presents a new configuration for linear MOS voltage-to-current conversion (transconductance). The proposed circuit combines two previously reported linearization methods [1], [2]. The topology achieves 60-dB linearity for a fully balanced input dynamic range up to 1 at a 3.3-V supply voltage, with slightly decreasing performance in the unbalanced case. The linearity is preserved during the tuning process for a moderate range of transconductance values. The approach is validated by both computer simulations and experiments.
Multi-stream product modal audio-visual integration strategy for robust adaptive speech recognition

In this paper, we extend an existing audio-only automatic speech recognizer to implement a multi-stream audio-visual automatic speech recognition (AV-ASR) system. Our method forms a multi-stream feature vector from audio-visual speech data, computes the statistical modal parameters probabilities on the basis of multi-stream audio-visual features, and performs dynamic programming jointly on the multi-stream product modal Hidden Markov Models (MS-PM-HMMs) by utilizing a noise type and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based stream-weighting value. Experimental results are presented for an isolated word recognition task for eight different noise types from the NOISEX data base for several SNR values. The proposed system reduces the word error rate (WER), averaged over several SNR and noise types, from 55.9% With the audio-only recognizer and 7.9% with the late-integration audio-visual recognizer to 2.6% WER in the validation set.
Low-dose cortisol for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE
Because elevated cortisol levels inhibit memory retrieval in healthy human subjects, the present study investigated whether cortisol administration might also reduce excessive retrieval of traumatic memories and related symptoms in patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).


METHOD
During a 3-month observation period, low-dose cortisol (10 mg/day) was administered orally for 1 month to three patients with chronic PTSD in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design.


RESULTS
In each patient investigated, there was a significant treatment effect, with cortisol-related reductions of at least 38% in one of the daily rated symptoms of traumatic memories, as assessed by self-administered rating scales. In accordance, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale ratings assessed after each month showed cortisol-related improvements for reexperiencing symptoms and, additionally, in one patient for avoidance symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this pilot study indicate that low-dose cortisol treatment reduces the cardinal symptoms of PTSD.