LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Timing and sustainability of an exercise intervention in women with breast cancer during and after cancer treatment.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To compare changes in frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise behaviors over time in women with breast cancer between those who started their exercise intervention at the beginning of chemotherapy (EE) and those who started at the completion of chemotherapy (CE).


DESIGN
A secondary data analysis of a randomized, controlled trial for exercise intervention.


SETTING
Five cancer centers in the San Francisco Bay Area in California.


SAMPLE
66 outpatient women with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy.


METHODS
Piecewise linear mixed models analysis was used to study changes in exercise behaviors over time in the EE group during and after treatment. In addition, linear mixed models analysis was used to examine changes between the EE and CE groups after treatment. Participants were in the trial for various length of time (EE group: 19-86 weeks; CE group: 6-43 weeks).


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Exercise frequency, intensity, and duration.


FINDINGS
In the EE group, weekly exercise duration increased significantly during treatment (p = 0.02). In addition, weekly exercise intensity increased significantly during treatment (p = 0.02) and decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.003). After treatment, initial weekly exercise duration was significantly lower in the CE group than in the EE group (p = 0.01). No significant differences existed in frequency and intensity over time between the EE and CE groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Women with breast cancer can sustain exercise behaviors when they start an exercise intervention in the beginning of chemotherapy treatment.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Strategies to support patients in maintaining their exercise habit may be needed during the post-treatment period.
The Integration of A Priori Knowledge into a Go Playing Neural Network

The best current computer Go programs are hand crafted expert systems. They are using conventional AI technics such as pattern matching, rule based systems and goal oriented selective search. Due to the increasing complexity of managing this kind of knowledge representation by hand, the playing strength of these programs is still far from human master level. This article describes methods for integrating expert Go knowledge into a learning artiicial neural network. These methods are implemented in the program NeuroGo. The network learns by playing against itself using temporal diierence learning and backpropagation. The expert knowledge that is implemented at present in NeuroGo is simple compared with a conventional computer Go program. Despite of this, NeuroGo is able to achieve a playing strength which is equal to a conventional program playing at a medium level.
Mission accomplished?: HTTPS security after diginotar

Driven by CA compromises and the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks, new security features have been added to TLS, HTTPS, and the web PKI over the past five years. These include Certificate Transparency (CT), for making the CA system auditable; HSTS and HPKP headers, to harden the HTTPS posture of a domain; the DNS-based extensions CAA and TLSA, for control over certificate issuance and pinning; and SCSV, for protocol downgrade protection.
 This paper presents the first large scale investigation of these improvements to the HTTPS ecosystem, explicitly accounting for their combined usage. In addition to collecting passive measurements at the Internet uplinks of large University networks on three continents, we perform the largest domain-based active Internet scan to date, covering 193M domains. Furthermore, we track the long-term deployment history of new TLS security features by leveraging passive observations dating back to 2012.
 We find that while deployment of new security features has picked up in general, only SCSV (49M domains) and CT (7M domains) have gained enough momentum to improve the overall security of HTTPS. Features with higher complexity, such as HPKP, are deployed scarcely and often incorrectly. Our empirical findings are placed in the context of risk, deployment effort, and benefit of these new technologies, and actionable steps for improvement are proposed. We cross-correlate use of features and find some techniques with significant correlation in deployment. We support reproducible research and publicly release data and code.
Students' expectation, satisfaction, and continuance intention to use digital textbooks

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among students' expectation, perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and continuance intention to use digital textbooks in middle school, based on Bhattacherjee's (2001) expectation-confirmation model. The subjects of this study were Korean middle school students taking an English class taught by a digital textbook in E middle school, Seoul. Data were collected via a paper-and-pencil-based questionnaire with 17 items; 137 responses were analyzed. The study found that (a) the more expectations of digital textbooks are satisfied, the more likely students are to perceive enjoyment and usefulness of digital textbooks, (b) satisfaction plays a mediating role in linking expectation, perceived enjoyment and usefulness, and continuance intention to use digital textbooks, (c) perceived usefulness and satisfaction have a direct and positive influence on continuance intention to use digital textbooks, and (d) perceived enjoyment has a non-significant influence on continuance intention to use digital textbooks with middle school students. Based on these findings, the implications and recommendations for future research are presented. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prospective use of EuroSCORE for the short-term risk evaluation of consecutive cardiac surgery candidates: are there any differences in prediction of perioperative risk versus risk of nonsurgical treatments?

BACKGROUND
In the era of modern medicine, the relevance of perioperative risk stratification with respect to the practice of cardiac surgeons and cardiologists worldwide has increased.


AIM
This study aims at estimating the validity of a preoperative risk stratification model EuroSCORE in predicting short-term mortality in Czech adult cardiac population.


METHODS
All consecutive patients (n = 460) presented to cardiac surgeons as surgery candidates during a six-month period were enrolled in this study. The Additive and logistic EuroSCORE were used for the risk assessment. The operative mortality, as well as the mortality within 30 days from discharge were recorded. The observed and predicted mortality derived from the EuroSCORE were compared.


RESULTS
Fifty-seven percent of the patients underwent cardiac surgery, while 43% was refused for surgery by the cardiac surgeon. There was no significant difference between the observed and predicted mortality in both subgroups. EuroSCORE showed good discriminatory ability in predicting short-term mortality (C statistic 0.755 vs. 0.762 for the surgery subgroup and 0.695 vs. 0.716 for the refused subgroup).


CONCLUSIONS
The EuroSCORE has a good discriminatory ability in predicting early mortality after cardiac surgery as well as in patients rejected for cardiac surgery. Both EuroSCORE risk prediction model forms are a suitable mortality predictor in Czech cardiac patients.
Formaldehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: Recommendations for laboratory attendance based on available data.

Formalin is commonly used in fixation of cadaveric specimens. Exposure to formaldehyde, a component of formalin and a known carcinogen, during gross anatomy laboratory dissection is a continuing concern for pregnant students and instructors. Since there is little literature on this specific topic, the current review was compiled in the hope of offering recommendations to pregnant students and instructors who are engaged in human anatomical dissection where formalin is used. Relevant articles were obtained through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for the terms "formaldehyde," "pregnant," "formalin," and "exposure." A literature search was conducted for chemical information and articles about exposure as issued by government regulatory agencies and chemical companies that produce formaldehyde. This led to the compilation of 29 articles each of which included references to previous, relevant, human research. The reviewed literature contains data strongly suggesting that pregnancy can be affected by formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, on the basis our analysis, female students who might be pregnant should avoid formaldehyde exposure, including that in a gross anatomy laboratory. Instructors should find other means of ensuring anatomical competence for these students.
Survey on Multiclass Classification Methods

Supervised classification algorithms aim at producing a learning model from a labeled training set. Various successful techniques have been proposed to solve the problem in the binary classification case. The multiclass classification case is more delicate, as many of the algorithms were introduced basically to solve binary classification problems. In this short survey we investigate the various techniques for solving the multiclass classification problem.
The association between postdiagnosis dietary supplement use and total mortality differs by diet quality among older female cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND
Dietary supplements are widely used by cancer survivors. However, health effects among older cancer survivors are unclear.


METHODS
We used the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study with 2,118 postmenopausal women with a confirmed cancer diagnosis (1986-2002), to evaluate the association between postdiagnosis dietary supplement use assessed in 2004 and subsequent all-cause mortality. Risk of death was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. We performed stratified analyses by diet quality score, dietary micronutrient intake, and perceived general health.


RESULTS
Through 2010, 608 deaths were identified. Approximately 85% of the cancer survivors used dietary supplements. Overall supplement use and multivitamin use were not associated with mortality. Iron supplement use was associated with 39% higher risk of death [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.77]. This association was stronger among survivors with deteriorating general health. Folic acid supplement use was associated with higher risk of death, only among survivors reporting low-quality diets (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.33-4.08; P interaction = 0.006). Multivitamin use and using a greater number of supplements was associated with a trend towards higher mortality only among those with poor diet quality. Using vitamin E supplements in combination with multivitamin was associated with lower risk of death only among survivors with higher dietary vitamin E intake (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.94; P interaction = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Postdiagnosis supplement use was associated with higher mortality among older female cancer survivors with poor general health and/or poor dietary intake.


IMPACT
The association between postdiagnosis dietary supplement use and mortality may differ by diet quality and health status among older female cancer survivors.
Electric load forecasting: Literature survey and classification of methods

A review and categorization of electric load forecasting techniques is presented. A wide range of methodologies and models for forecasting are given in the literature. These techniques are classi®ed here into nine categories: (1) multiple regression, (2) exponential smoothing, (3) iterative reweighted least-squares, (4) adaptive load forecasting, (5) stochastic time series, (6) ARMAX models based on genetic algorithms, (7) fuzzy logic, (8) neural networks and (9) expert systems. The methodology for each category is brie ̄y described, the advantages and disadvantages discussed, and the pertinent literature reviewed. Conclusions and comments are made on future research directions.
Algebraic Graph Theory

Algebraic graph theory comprises both the study of algebraic objects arising in connection with graphs, for example, automorphism groups of graphs along with the use of algebraic tools to establish interesting properties of combinatorial objects. One of the oldest themes in the area is the investigation of the relation between properties of a graph and the spectrum of its adjacency matrix. A central topic and important source of tools is the theory of association schemes. An association scheme is, roughly speaking, a collection of graphs on a common vertex set which fit together in a highly regular fashion. These arise regularly in connection with extremal structures: such structures often have an unexpected degree of regularity and, because of this, often give rise to an association scheme. This in turn leads to a semisimple commutative algebra and the representation theory of this algebra provides useful restrictions on the underlying combinatorial object. Thus in coding theory we look for codes that are as large as possible, since such codes are most effective in transmitting information over noisy channels. The theory of association schemes provides the most effective means for determining just how large is actually possible; this theory rests on Delsarte’s thesis [4], which showed how to use schemes to translate the problem into a question that be solved by linear programming.
Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal function of IRAG

Background Signalling by NO/cGMP is very important for regulation of vascular tone and gastrointestinal motility. One important signalling pathway of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) is mediated by IRAG (IP3 Receptor Associated cGKI substrate) which is highly expressed in smooth muscle of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tissue. In order to elucidate the physiological role of IRAG we generated IRAG knockout mice by targeted deletion of exon 3. These mice show an enlarged gastrointestinal tract including pylorus stenosis.
Time-domain and morphological analysis of the P wave. Part II: effects of atrial pacing on P-wave features.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare time-domain and morphological descriptors of paced and spontaneous P wave in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF).


METHODS
Nineteen patients (nine women, aged 72 +/- 10 years) affected by paroxysmal AF and implanted with dual-chamber pacemakers (PM) were studied. Two 5-minute recordings were performed during spontaneous and paced rhythm. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were acquired using a 32-lead mapping system. Patients were grouped into two classes: no previous AF and previous AF groups, according to the number of AF episodes in the 6 months before the analysis.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
During atrial pacing P wave appeared prolonged and morphologically more complex with respect to sinus rhythm. We also found that in patients at lower risk for AF, the atrial pacing changes the atrial activation to a greater extent than in patients at higher risk for AF. Finally, all time-domain and morphological descriptors of the P wave except one succeed in discriminating "no previous AF" and "previous AF" patients in spontaneous rhythm, while no significant differences have been observed during pacing for any parameters.
The role of software process simulation modeling in software risk management: A systematic review

Nowadays software projects are still suffering from many problems due to various kinds of software risks. Software risk management is a crucial part of successful project management, but it is often not well implemented in real-world software projects. One reason is that project managers lack effective and practical tools to manage software risks. Software Process Simulation Modeling (SPSM) has been emerging as a promising approach to address a variety of issues in software engineering area, including risk management. However, the current state of how SPSM supports software risk management is not yet clear. This paper presents a systematic literature review which purpose is to obtain the state of the art of the applications of SPSM in software risk management. We drew the following conclusions from the review results: (1) The number of SPSM studies on software risk management is relatively small, but increasing gradually in recent years. (2) SPSM is mainly applied in risk analysis and risk management planning activities. (3) Software risks related to requirements, development process and management process are the ones most studied by SPSM. (4) Discrete-Event Simulation and System Dynamics are two most popular simulation paradigms, while Hybrid simulation methods are more and more widely used. (5) Extend, iThink and Vensim are the most popular simulation tools in SPSM. (6) Most of SPSM approaches and models have not been well applied into real-world risk management practices.
Defending DDoS Attacks Using Hidden Markov Models and Cooperative Reinforcement Learning

In recent years, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have brought increasing threats to the Internet since attack traffic caused by DDoS attacks can consume lots of bandwidth or computing resources on the Internet and the availability of DDoS attack tools has become more and more easy. However, due to the similarity between DDoS attack traffic and transient bursts of normal traffic, it is very difficult to detect DDoS attacks accurately and quickly. In this paper, a novel DDoS detection approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and cooperative reinforcement learning is proposed, where a distributed cooperation detection scheme using source IP address monitoring is employed. To realize earlier detection of DDoS attacks, the detectors are distributed in the mediate network nodes or near the sources of DDoS attacks and HMMs are used to establish a profile for normal traffic based on the frequencies of new IP addresses. A cooperative reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to compute optimized strategies of information exchange among the distributed multiple detectors so that the detection accuracies can be improved without much load on information communications among the detectors. Simulation results on distributed detection of DDoS attacks generated by TFN2K tools illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Low Overhead On-Chip Path Delay Measurement Circuit

In this paper, we present a novel on-chip path delay measurement circuit for efficiently detecting and debugging of delay faults in the fabricated integrated circuits. Several delay stages are employed in the proposed circuit, whose delay ranges are increased by a factor of two gradually from the last to the first delay stage. Thus, the proposed method can achieve a large delay measurement range with a small quantity of delay stages. Experimental results show that a significant reduction in both delay measurement time and area overhead can be obtained compared to the previous Vernier Delay Line based delay measurement schemes. In addition, by conducting delay compensation, the proposed method can achieve both improved delay measurement resolution and measurement accuracy.
Targeted physiotherapy for patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: A protocol for a randomised, single-blind controlled trial

BACKGROUND
The patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is one compartment of the knee that is frequently affected by osteoarthritis (OA) and is a potent source of OA symptoms. However, there is a dearth of evidence for compartment-specific treatments for PFJ OA. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate whether a physiotherapy treatment, targeted to the PFJ, results in greater improvements in pain and physical function than a physiotherapy education intervention in people with symptomatic and radiographic PFJ OA.


METHODS
90 people with PFJ OA (PFJ-specific history, signs and symptoms and radiographic evidence of PFJ OA) will be recruited from the community and randomly allocated into one of two treatments. A randomised controlled trial adhering to CONSORT guidelines will evaluate the efficacy of physiotherapy (8 individual sessions over 12 weeks, as well as a home exercise program 4 times/week) compared to a physiotherapist-delivered OA education control treatment (8 individual sessions over 12 weeks). Physiotherapy treatment will consist of (i) quadriceps muscle retraining; (ii) quadriceps and hip muscle strengthening; (iii) patellar taping; (iv) manual PFJ and soft tissue mobilisation; and (v) OA education. Resistance and dosage of exercises will be tailored to the participant's functional level and clinical state. Primary outcomes will be evaluated by a blinded examiner at baseline, 12 weeks and 9 months using validated and reliable pain, physical function and perceived global effect scales. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed regression models, including respective baseline scores as a covariate, subjects as a random effect, treatment condition as a fixed factor and the covariate by treatment interaction.


CONCLUSION
This RCT is targeting PFJ OA, an important sub-group of knee OA patients, with a specifically designed conservative intervention. The project's outcome will influence PFJ OA rehabilitation, with the potential to reduce the personal and societal burden of this increasing public health problem.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000288325.
Magnetic evaluation of nanostructure of gold–iron composite particles synthesized by a reverse micelle method

Abstract Iron–gold nanocomposite powder was synthesized by sequential reduction of Fe 2+ and Au 3+ in reversed micelles. The UV–Vis absorption spectrometry and magnetic separation experiment indicated that the powder is composed of composite nanoparticle containing both iron and gold. XRD indicated that gold exists as metal, and X-ray absorption near edge structure showed that the magnetic phase was Fe 3 O 4 . TEM observation indicated that the nanocomposite was single-nanosized and has a sharp size distribution. The magnetization was measured with a SQUID magnetometer and found to be superparamagnetic. The magnetic moment size was evaluated by fitting the lognormal distribution function and the Langevin function to the magnetization data. These results were discussed taking account of the core–shell structure.
EXTENDED ENTERPRISE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS GOVERNANCE IN AN INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT

Flexibility, openness, and cooperation are fundamental tendencies that positively mark the ensemble of private and public sector organizations. For a sustainable development in a more and more complex globalized and competitive business environment, the e