LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome and short-term heart rate variability in young adults. The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.

AIMS
Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to estimate autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system. In middle-aged subjects, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with lower HRV. We hypothesized that alterations in autonomic balance are already present in young adults with the MetS, and analysed the association of short-term HRV with the MetS (using the National Cholesterol Education Program definition), in 1889 subjects aged 24-39 years.


METHODS
Short-term (3 min) HRV analysis included high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF) and total (TP) spectral components of HRV and LF/HF ratio.


RESULTS
The presence of the MetS was associated with lower HF, LF and TP in men and women, and with higher LF/HF ratio in women. In men, waist circumference was the strongest individual MetS component that associated with HRV. After adjustments for age and heart rate, MetS was associated with lower HF and higher LF/HF ratio in women, but only with a lower TP in men (all P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
MetS is associated with lower HRV in young adults. The individual components of MetS are differentially associated with HRV in men and in women. Our results are consistent with lower vagal activity and a possible increase in sympathetic predominance in women with the MetS. This sex difference in vagal activity and sympathovagal balance may partly explain the greater increase in cardiovascular risk associated with MetS in women than in men.
Extreme Learning Machine Ensemble Using Bagging for Facial Expression Recognition

An extreme learning machine (ELM) is a recently proposed learning algorithm for a single-layer feed forward neural network. In this paper we studied the ensemble of ELM by using a bagging algorithm for facial expression recognition (FER). Facial expression analysis is widely used in the behavior interpretation of emotions, for cognitive science, and social interactions. This paper presents a method for FER based on the histogram of orientation gradient (HOG) features using an ELM ensemble. First, the HOG features were extracted from the face image by dividing it into a number of small cells. A bagging algorithm was then used to construct many different bags of training data and each of them was trained by using separate ELMs. To recognize the expression of the input face image, HOG features were fed to each trained ELM and the results were combined by using a majority voting scheme. The ELM ensemble using bagging improves the generalized capability of the network significantly. The two available datasets (JAFFE and CK+) of facial expressions were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed classification system. Even the performance of individual ELM was smaller and the ELM ensemble using a bagging algorithm improved the recognition performance significantly. Keywords—Bagging, Ensemble Learning, Extreme Learning Machine, Facial Expression Recognition, Histogram of Orientation Gradient
Time-Contrastive Networks: Self-Supervised Learning from Multi-view Observation

We propose a self-supervised approach for learning representations of relationships between humans and their environment, including object interactions, attributes, and body pose, entirely from unlabeled videos recorded from multiple viewpoints (Fig. 2). We train an embedding with a triplet loss that contrasts a pair of simultaneous frames from different viewpoints with temporally adjacent and visually similar frames (Fig. 1). We call this model Time- Contrastive Networks (TCN). The contrastive signal encourages the model to discover meaningful dimensions and attributes that can explain the changing state of objects and the world from visually similar frames while learning invariance to viewpoint, occlusions, motion blur, lighting, background. The experimental evaluation of our multiviewpoint embedding technique examines its application to reasoning about object interactions, as well as human pose imitation with a real robot. We demonstrate that our model can correctly identify corresponding steps in complex object interactions, such as pouring (Table 1), between different videos and with different instances. We also show what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first self-supervised results for end-to-end imitation learning of human motions with a real robot (Table 2). Results are best visualized in videos available at 1 and the full paper is available at 2.
Levels of stigma among community mental health staff in Guangzhou, China

BACKGROUND
Stigma and discrimination are widely experienced by people with mental illness, even in healthcare settings. The purposes of this study were to assess mental health stigma among community mental health staff in Guangzhou, China and in doing so also to assess the psychometric properties of the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) - Chinese version.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 214 community mental health staff in Guangzhou from September to November, 2013. The Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and RIBS were administered together with the Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes Scale (MICA) to evaluate staff stigma from the perspective of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour.


RESULTS
The total scores of RIBS, MAKS and MICA were (11.97 ± 3.41), (16.80 ± 5.39) and (51.69 ± 6.94) respectively. Female staff members were more willing to contact people with mental illness than males (t(212) = -2.85,P = 0.005) and had more knowledge about mental illness (t(212) = -2.28,P = 0.024). The Chinese version of RIBS had good internal consistency (alpha = 0.82), test-retest reliability (r = 0.68,P < 0.001) and adequate convergent validity, as indicated by a significant negative correlation with the Chinese version of MICA(r = -0.43, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results show relatively high levels of stigma toward people with mental illness among community mental health staff in Guangzhou, China. There are slightly gender differences in discriminatory behaviours and stigma related knowledge of mental illness among community mental health staff, with female staff in general less stigmatising. Accordingly, anti-stigma programmes should be established among healthcare staff. In addition, the Chinese version of RIBS is a reliable, valid and acceptable measure which can be used to assess the willingness of participants to contact people with mental illness in future anti-stigma campaigns.
Qualitative studies using in-depth interviews with older people from multiple language groups: methodological systematic review.

AIM
This paper is a report of a methodological review of language appropriate practice in qualitative research, when language groups were not determined prior to participant recruitment.


BACKGROUND
When older people from multiple language groups participate in research using in-depth interviews, additional challenges are posed for the trustworthiness of findings. This raises the question of how such challenges are addressed.


DATA SOURCES
The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Ageline, PsycINFO, Sociological abstracts, Google Scholar and Allied and Complementary Medicine databases were systematically searched for the period 1840 to September 2009. The combined search terms of 'ethnic', 'cultural', 'aged', 'health' and 'qualitative' were used.


REVIEW METHODS
In this methodological review, studies were independently appraised by two authors using a quality appraisal tool developed for the review, based on a protocol from the McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Research Group.


RESULTS
Nine studies were included. Consideration of language diversity within research process was poor for all studies. The role of language assistants was largely absent from study methods. Only one study reported using participants' preferred languages for informed consent.


CONCLUSION
More examples are needed of how to conduct rigorous in-depth interviews with older people from multiple language groups, when languages are not determined before recruitment. This will require both researchers and funding bodies to recognize the importance to contemporary healthcare of including linguistically diverse people in participant samples.
Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 in Europe remains limited to single classes.

BACKGROUND
The spread of drug-resistant HIV-1 might compromise the future success of current first-line regimens.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse the extent and impact of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in Europe.


DESIGN AND METHODS
The European prospective programme (SPREAD) collected demographic, clinical and virological data from 1245 HIV-1-infected individuals in 17 countries diagnosed in 2002-2003. The potential impact of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) on therapy response was determined by using genotypic interpretation algorithms.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of viruses with drug-resistance mutations was 9.1% [96/1050; 95% confidence interval: 7.5-11.1]. The majority (71%) harboured only a single amino acid substitution with limited effect on predicted drug susceptibility. Mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were observed most frequently [57/1050 (5.4%)], followed by mutations related to protease inhibitors [32/1050 (3.0%)] and mutations related to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) [27/1050 (2.6%)]. In some cases, however, resistance was quite extensive. Four individuals were infected with viruses with reduced susceptibility to all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 3 to all protease inhibitors and 20 to both NNRTIs. Remarkably, in one individual, the resistance pattern was so extensive that none of the available current antiretroviral drugs was predicted to be fully active.


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of TDRM-HIV is quite prominent (9.1%) but did not increase in comparison with a large retrospective European study. Particularly the presence of single NNRTI mutations may impact the efficacy of the first-line regimens. Continuous prospective monitoring remains indicated to explore the patterns and factors contributing to the transmission of TDRMs as well as the potential clinical consequences.
Effect of exercise on biomarkers, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in older women with breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To compare the effectiveness of a prescribed home-based walking exercise intervention with usual care in older women receiving hormonal treatment for breast cancer, and to examine relationships among levels of the cortisol, serotonin, interleukin-6, and bilirubin biomarkers and fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms.


DESIGN
Longitudinal randomized clinical trial.


SETTING
A National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in the southeastern United States.


SAMPLE
20 women (aged 55 years or older) with breast cancer receiving hormonal treatment.


METHODS
Participants were randomized to a walking exercise intervention or usual care. Laboratory samples and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Piper Revised Fatigue Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale were collected at the initial clinic visit and at 12 weeks from the groups. Questionnaires also were collected at weeks 2 and 14.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Fatigue, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, biomarkers, and exercise.


FINDINGS
Effect of the exercise intervention on sleep scores was highly significant between groups. Exercise group scores on the PSQI decreased significantly over time (indicating improved sleep quality), although scores did not change significantly within the control group. Sleep actigraphy also showed significantly shorter actual wake time and less movement in the exercise group. Serotonin levels also were significantly affected by the intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
Data suggest that a walking exercise intervention improves sleep in older women receiving hormonal treatment for their breast cancer. Serotonin levels may be a useful biomarker when assessing sleep disturbances in this group.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Clinicians need to be aware that older women receiving hormonal treatment for their breast cancer may experience fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. Homebased walking activity may reduce symptom severity in this group.
[Treatment of lesions with a high risk of stenosis. Comparative study in 300 patients of rapamycin- and Paclitaxel-eluting polymer-based stents, and bare metal stents].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Rapamycin- and taxol-eluting stents have been shown to reduce restenosis, but there are no large-scale studies of their usefulness in lesions with a high risk of restenosis, or of the relative merits of the two devices. This prospective study compared their safety and efficacy in lesions with a high risk of restenosis.


PATIENTS AND METHOD
We included consecutive patients with lesions to treat that met at least one of the following criteria: a) in-stent restenosis; b) diffuse (>20 mm) restenosis; c) small vessel (< or =2.5 mm) restenosis; or d) total occlusion. Patients received different devices along three consecutive study periods: bare metal (conventional) stents, sirolimus-eluting (rapamycin) stents and paclitaxel-eluting (taxol) stents.


RESULTS
One hundred patients in each group were included, for a total of 300 patients. In the sirolimus group, after 8.5+/-2 months of follow-up, there were 2 late thromboses (2%) and only 1 patient (1%) required target lesion revascularization. In the paclitaxel group 2 patients (2%) had in-hospital stent thrombosis (1 acute, 1 subacute), and after 9+/-2.5 months of follow-up only 1 patient (1%) needed target lesion revascularization. In the conventional group, after 8+/-2 months of follow-up, there was 1 subacute thrombosis (1%) and 15 patients (15%) had clinical restenosis requiring target lesion revascularization. Event-free survival curves were significantly better with drug-eluting stents (P<.01 vs conventional stents).


CONCLUSION
Rapamycin- and taxol-eluting stents were safe for lesions with a high risk of restenosis. These stents were associated with a lower rate of target lesion revascularization during follow-up compared to bare metal stents.
Testing overconfidence bias in Pakistani stock market

Excessive trading phenomenon is contrary to the concept of traditional finance that is based on the rational expectation theorem and efficient market hypothesis. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the existence of overconfidence behavior in the stock market. The market-wide panel VAR model is used to investigate the lead–lag relationship between stock returns and turnover. Our results suggest that investors are overconfident in Pakistani stock market because turnover depends directly upon stock returns. The findings have important implications for investors and brokers for developing appropriate trading strategy. Subjects: Statistics; Economics, Finance, Business & Industry; Finance
Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant? A critical review.

PURPOSE
Titanium based implant systems, though considered as the gold standard for rehabilitation of edentulous spaces, have been criticized for many inherent flaws. The onset of hypersensitivity reactions, biocompatibility issues, and an unaesthetic gray hue have raised demands for more aesthetic and tissue compatible material for implant fabrication. Zirconia is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional Titanium based implant systems for oral rehabilitation with superior biological, aesthetics, mechanical and optical properties. This review aims to critically analyze and review the credibility of Zirconia implants as an alternative to Titanium for prosthetic rehabilitation.


STUDY SELECTION
The literature search for articles written in the English language in PubMed and Cochrane Library database from 1990 till December 2016. The following search terms were utilized for data search: "zirconia implants" NOT "abutment", "zirconia implants" AND "titanium implants" AND "osseointegration", "zirconia implants" AND compatibility.


RESULTS
The number of potential relevant articles selected were 47. All the human in vivo clinical, in vitro, animals' studies were included and discussed under the following subheadings: Chemical composition, structure and phases; Physical and mechanical properties; Aesthetic and optical properties; Osseointegration and biocompatibility; Surface modifications; Peri-implant tissue compatibility, inflammation and soft tissue healing, and long-term prognosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Zirconia implants are a promising alternative to titanium with a superior soft-tissue response, biocompatibility, and aesthetics with comparable osseointegration. However, further long-term longitudinal and comparative clinical trials are required to validate zirconia as a viable alternative to the titanium implant.
Global Health Workforce Labor Market Projections for 2030.

BACKGROUND
In low- and middle-income countries, scaling essential health interventions to achieve health development targets is constrained by the lack of skilled health professionals to deliver services.


METHODS
We take a labor market approach to project future health workforce demand based on an economic model based on projected economic growth, demographics, and health coverage, and using health workforce data (1990-2013) for 165 countries from the WHO Global Health Observatory. The demand projections are compared with the projected growth in health worker supply and the health worker "needs" as estimated by WHO to achieve essential health coverage.


RESULTS
The model predicts that, by 2030, global demand for health workers will rise to 80 million workers, double the current (2013) stock of health workers, while the supply of health workers is expected to reach 65 million over the same period, resulting in a worldwide net shortage of 15 million health workers. Growth in the demand for health workers will be highest among upper middle-income countries, driven by economic and population growth and aging. This results in the largest predicted shortages which may fuel global competition for skilled health workers. Middle-income countries will face workforce shortages because their demand will exceed supply. By contrast, low-income countries will face low growth in both demand and supply, which are estimated to be far below what will be needed to achieve adequate coverage of essential health services.


CONCLUSIONS
In many low-income countries, demand may stay below projected supply, leading to the paradoxical phenomenon of unemployed ("surplus") health workers in those countries facing acute "needs-based" shortages. Opportunities exist to bend the trajectory of the number and types of health workers that are available to meet public health goals and the growing demand for health workers.
Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems.

Approximately 60% of military personnel who experience mental health problems do not seek help, yet many of them could benefit from professional treatment. Across military studies, one of the most frequently reported barriers to help-seeking for mental health problems is concerns about stigma. It is, however, less clear how stigma influences mental health service utilization. This review will synthesize existing research on stigma, focusing on those in the military with mental health problems. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2001 and 2014 to examine the prevalence of stigma for seeking help for a mental health problem and its association with help-seeking intentions/mental health service utilization. Twenty papers met the search criteria. Weighted prevalence estimates for the 2 most endorsed stigma concerns were 44.2% (95% confidence interval: 37.1, 51.4) for "My unit leadership might treat me differently" and 42.9% (95% confidence interval: 36.8, 49.0) for "I would be seen as weak." Nine studies found no association between anticipated stigma and help-seeking intentions/mental health service use and 4 studies found a positive association. One study found a negative association between self-stigma and intentions to seek help. Counterintuitively, those that endorsed high anticipated stigma still utilized mental health services or were interested in seeking help. We propose that these findings may be related to intention-behavior gaps or methodological issues in the measurement of stigma. Positive associations may be influenced by modified labeling theory. Additionally, other factors such as self-stigma and negative attitudes toward mental health care may be worth further attention in future investigation.
PHARMACISTS' UNDERSTANDING AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN SAUDI ARABIA

Objective: The questionnaire was designed to determine both institutional (hospitals and healthcare centers) and community pharmacists' understanding, attitudes and barriers that limit provision of pharmaceutical care. Method: Five hundred fifty institutional pharmacists and 250 community pharmacists were included in the survey. Data were collected via face-to-face encounter using piloted questionnaire. Results: The total response numbered 375, which constitute a 71.6% response rate from community pharmacists and 35.6% from institutional pharmacists. More than 70% of the pharmacists surveyed had also favorable understanding of pharmaceutical care. The respondents showed positive attitudes towards pharmaceutical care. Approximately more than 89% of respondents felt the future of pharmacy would depend on the provision of professional services other than dispensing. The main barriers perceived by the pharmacist were lack of adequate training in pharmaceutical care practice, lack of work place for counseling, lack of staff, insufficient time, lack of patient demand, lack of therapeutic knowledge, lack of support from owners. There were significant differences in responses to a number of issues recognized by male and females, age, years in practice and work setting. אא אא אאאאאא אאאאאאאא K  א 550   אא 250 אאא  אאאא K א 375  800  א אא 71.6 F٪ 179   250  E  {  35.6 F٪ 196  550 E אא 70 ٪  אאא אאא 89 ٪  אא אאא K  אאא אא W  אאאא { אאאאא {  אאאאא { א {  אאא {  א K אאאאאאאאא K  אאאאאאא  א K א אאאאא אאאאאאאאא  K 