LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High speeds in a single chip

This article reviews the development and breakthrough of SiGe technologies. SiGe HBTs with transit frequencies ft and maximum oscillation frequencies fmax above 300 GHz and monolithic integrated millimeter-wave circuits based on these HBTs have been developed by several groups. As this paper shows in the overview, the combination of active devices with passive planar structures, including antenna elements, allows single-chip realizations of complete millimeter-wave front-ends.
A Model for Calculating the Bidirectional Scattering Properties of Phosphor Layer in White Light-Emitting Diodes

In this study, a model for calculating the bidirectional scattering properties of phosphor layer was established by considering the light absorption and light conversion of phosphor particle simultaneously. Based on the present model, the light extraction efficiency was calculated and validated by comparing with the existing experimental data and models. It is demonstrated that the present model predicts better. The transmission and reflection intensities of blue light and yellow light were found to be the functions of phosphor thickness. There exists a close critical phosphor thickness for reflected blue light and transmitted yellow light. The critical phosphor thickness is relative to the phosphor concentration.
Simple UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Atorvastatin API Formulation and their Comparative Study

A rapid, simple, accurate, and economical least time consuming rosuvastatin spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay of atorvastatin and then compare assay of brand available in Karachi,Pakistan. The assay is based on the ultraviolet UV absorbance maxima at about 244nm wavelength of atorvastatin using methanol as solvent. A sample of drug was dissolved in methanol to produce a solution containing atorvastatin. Similarly, a sample of ground tablets of different brand were extracted with methanol and diluted with the same methanol. The absorbance of sample preparation was measured at 244 nm against the solvent blank and the assay was determined by comparing with the absorbance of available brand. The method can be applied for the routine QC quantitation of atorvastatin in tablet formulation and active.
Psychosocial predictors of employment status among men living with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between employment status and community access, perceived community discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and gender-related variables for 83 men living with spinal cord injury.


STUDY DESIGN
Correlational research.


SETTING
Internet-based investigation employing spinal cord injury listservs.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Participant employment status.


RESULTS
A forced-entry hierarchical logistic regression indicated that means of injury, community access and perceived community discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and men's adherence to masculine norms for primacy of work, self-reliance, and emotional control significantly predicted employment status.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial variables such as community access, perceived discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and gender identity represent important and understudied predictors of employment status among men living with spinal cord injury.
Universally Rational Belief Hierarchies

In a recent paper, Tsakas [2013 Rational belief hierarchies, Journal of Mathematical Economics, Maastricht University] introduced the notion of rational beliefs. These are Borel probability measures that assign a rational probability to every Borel event. Then, he constructed the corresponding Harsanyi type space model that represents the rational belief hierarchies. As he showed, there are rational types that are associated with a non-rational probability measure over the product of the underlying space of uncertainty and the opponent's types. In this paper, we define the universally rational belief hierarchies, as those that do not exhibit this property. Then, we characterize them in terms of a natural restriction imposed directly on the belief hierarchies.
Relapse Rate Following Azathioprine Withdrawal in Maintaining Remission for Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

The duration of use of azathioprine (Aza) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) for maintaining remission for Crohn’s disease is debatable. To examine whether Aza/6-MP can be safely withdrawn in patients with Crohn’s disease who have been in remission. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (1950–September 2010), EMBASE (1980–September 2010), CINHAL (1981–September 2010), PubMed (1950–September 2010), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Randomised controlled and cohort studies comparing azathioprine continuation versus placebo or no treatment were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcomes were relapse rate after discontinuation of Aza/6-MP at 6, 12, and 18 months, and 5 and 10 years. Five studies, with 256 patients and 168 controls, met the inclusion criteria. Stopping azathioprine/6-MP was found to significantly increase the risk of relapse at 6, 12, and 18 months with pooled odds ratios of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09–0.53), 0.25 (95% CI 0.11–0.56), and 0.35 (95% CI 0.21–0.6), respectively. Two trials examined relapse rate at 5 years with pooled OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.13–2.21). No trials looking at relapse rates beyond 5 years were identified. There is a clear benefit of continuing Aza/6-MP for at least 18 months to maintain remission for Crohn’s disease patients who established remission. There is not enough evidence to provide clear guidance on whether or not to continue Aza/6-MP treatment beyond 18 months. Well-designed randomised controlled trials addressing this issue are needed.
Using CP-nets as a guide for countermeasure selection

In this paper we present a qualitative approach for the selection of security countermeasures able to protect an IT system from attacks. For this purpose, we model security scenarios by using defense trees (an extension of attack trees) and preferences over countermeasure using Conditional Preference networks (CP-nets for short). In particular, we introduce two different methods for the composition of preferences: the and-composition and the or-composition. The first one is used to determine a preference order in the selection of countermeasures able to mitigate the risks produced by conjunct attacks. The second one is used to determine a preference order over sets of countermeasures able to mitigate the risks produced by alternative attacks.
Adaptive Elastic-Net GMM Estimator with Many Invalid Moment Conditions: A Simultaneous Model and Moment Selection

This paper develops an adaptive elastic-net GMM estimator with many possibly invalid moment conditions. We allow for the number of structural parameters (p0) as well as the number of moment conditions increasing with the sample size (n). The new estimator conducts simultaneous model and moment selection. We estimate the structural parameters along with parameters associated with the invalid moments. The basic idea is to conduct the standard GMM combined with two penalty terms: the quadratic regularization and the adaptively weighted LASSO shrinkage. The new estimator uses information only from the valid moment conditions to estimate the structural parameters and achieve the semiparametric efficiency bound. The estimator is thus very useful in practice since it conducts the consistent moment selection and efficient estimation of the structural parameters simultaneously. We also establish the order of magnitude for the smallest local to zero coefficient to be selected as nonzero. We apply the new estimation procedure to dynamic panel data models, where both time and cross section dimensions are large. The new estimator is robust to possible serial correlations in the error terms of dynamic panel models.
Near-bedside whole-blood cardiac troponin I assay for risk assessment of patients with acute coronary syndromes.

cohort of middle-aged men. Circulation 1995;91:23–7. 14. Rosner BA. Fundamentals of biostatistics, 5th ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Thomson Learning, 2000:563. 15. Nilsson L, Hedner U, Nilsson IM, Robertson B. Shelf-life of bank blood and stored plasma with special reference to coagulation factors. Transfusion 1983;23:377–81. 16. Heil W, Grunewald R, Amend M, Heins M. Influence of time and temperature on coagulation analytes in stored plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;36: 459–62. 17. Ridker PM. Evaluating novel cardiovascular risk factors: can we better predict heart attacks? Ann Intern Med 1999;130:933–7. 18. Mondoro TH, Shafer BC, Vostal JG. Restoration of in vitro responses in platelets stored in plasma. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111:693–9. 19. Lozano M, Estebanell E, Cid J, Diaz-Ricart M, Mazzara R, Ordinas A, et al. Platelet concentrates prepared and stored under currently optimal conditions: minor impact on platelet adhesive and cohesive functions after storage. Transfusion 1999;39:951–9. 20. Simo JM, Camps J, Vilella E, Gomez F, Paul A, Joven J. Instability of lipoprotein(a) in plasma stored at 70 °C: effects of concentration, apolipoprotein(a) genotype, and donor cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem 2001; 47:1673–8. 21. Evans RW, Sankey SS, Hauth BA, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kamboh MI, Kuller LH. Effect of sample storage on quantitation of lipoprotein(a) by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Lipids 1996;31:1197–203. 22. Brey RL, Cote SA, McGlasson DL, Triplett DA, Barna LK. Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on anticardiolipin antibody immunoreactivity. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:586–8. 23. Eberl T, Amberger A, Herold M, Hengster P, Steurer W, Hochleitner BW, et al. Expression of stress proteins, adhesion molecules, and interleukin-8 in endothelial cells after preservation and reoxygenation. Cryobiology 1999; 38:106–18. 24. Kayaba K, Ishikawa S, Gotoh T, Nago N, Kajii E, Nakamura Y, et al. Five-year intra-individual variability in C-reactive protein levels in a Japanese population-based study: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study at Yamato, 1993– 1998. Jpn Circ J 2000;64:303–8.
Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma.

INTRODUCTION
Dupilumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody directed against the α subunit of the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Since the activation of IL-4Rα is utilized by both IL-4 and IL-13 to mediate their pathophysiological effects, dupilumab behaves as a dual antagonist of these two sister cytokines, which blocks IL-4/IL-13-dependent signal transduction. Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the cellular and molecular pathways activated by IL-4 and IL-13, which are relevant to asthma pathobiology. They also review: the mechanism of action of dupilumab, the phase I, II and III studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics as well as the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of dupilumab in asthma therapy. Expert opinion: Supported by a strategic mechanism of action, as well as by convincing preliminary clinical results, dupilumab currently appears to be a very promising biological drug for the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. It also may have benefits to comorbidities of asthma including atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.
Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission.

BACKGROUND
Effective strategies are urgently needed to reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding in resource-limited settings.


METHODS
Women with HIV-1 infection who were breast-feeding infants were enrolled in a randomized, phase 3 trial in Blantyre, Malawi. At birth, the infants were randomly assigned to one of three regimens: single-dose nevirapine plus 1 week of zidovudine (control regimen) or the control regimen plus daily extended prophylaxis either with nevirapine (extended nevirapine) or with nevirapine plus zidovudine (extended dual prophylaxis) until the age of 14 weeks. Using Kaplan-Meier analyses, we assessed the risk of HIV-1 infection among infants who were HIV-1-negative on DNA polymerase-chain-reaction assay at birth.


RESULTS
Among 3016 infants in the study, the control group had consistently higher rates of HIV-1 infection from the age of 6 weeks through 18 months. At 9 months, the estimated rate of HIV-1 infection (the primary end point) was 10.6% in the control group, as compared with 5.2% in the extended-nevirapine group (P<0.001) and 6.4% in the extended-dual-prophylaxis group (P=0.002). There were no significant differences between the two extended-prophylaxis groups. The frequency of breast-feeding did not differ significantly among the study groups. Infants receiving extended dual prophylaxis had a significant increase in the number of adverse events (primarily neutropenia) that were deemed to be possibly related to a study drug.


CONCLUSIONS
Extended prophylaxis with nevirapine or with nevirapine and zidovudine for the first 14 weeks of life significantly reduced postnatal HIV-1 infection in 9-month-old infants. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00115648.)
The Case of Yancheng Water Pollution: Problems in Judicature

In this fifth volume of the China Environment Yearbook by Friends of Nature, key issues affecting China’s environment in the year 2009 are explored through five main themes: Public Policy, Litigation, Pollution and Health, Consumption, and Ecological Protection.
How to make a lecture course an engaging learning experience

This paper investigates engagement and active learning in university mass education. It presents the results of an empirical study on the level of interest and the academic emotions that were experienced during an engaging lecture course, and how such variables were related to flow experience, self-study time, and study success. The participants (n=107) were Finnish first-year teacher students in an educational psychology lecture course. The data were collected by using a questionnaire that measured interest, academic emotions, sense of competence, challenge experienced, and self-study time five days before the final examination. Correlations among variables were measured, a step-wise cluster analysis and two ANOVA tests conducted. The participants were highly engaged and interested during the course. Interest, enthusiasm, sense of competence, and self-study time correlated positively with the grade awarded for the course. Three clusters (emotional profiles) were identified: engaged (36 %), unstressed (25 %), and anxious (39 %) student groups. Engaged students spent the most hours in self-study and received the best grades. Unstressed students were the least active in self-study and also achieved the lowest grades. Interest and sense of competence were decisive variables in successful studying during an engaging lecture course. Opportunities to develop blended learning environments that foster active learning in lectures were further discussed.
Childhood abuse, nonadherence, and medical outcome in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVE
The study assessed the relationship between a history of child abuse, nonadherence to medications, and medical outcome in children who had a liver transplant.


METHOD
Abuse history for children and adolescents ages 8 to 21 who underwent a liver transplantation at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York was obtained in interviews in 2002. Adherence to tacrolimus was assessed from January 1 to December 31, 2003 by computing the SD of a series of medication blood levels for each patient. Biopsy-proven rejection episodes, degree of fluctuation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and maximal ALT levels were recorded as indicators of medical outcome.


RESULTS
Of 72 eligible patients, 56 were evaluated. Five had documented abuse. Abused children were less adherent to their medication regimen (p = .02; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.66 to -0.24), had poor disease control (higher maximal ALT, p <.01; 95% CI -613.72 to -249.55), had greater fluctuation in ALT levels (p <.01; 95% CI -151.19 to -65.91), and suffered more biopsy-proven rejection episodes (two episodes in the abused cohort versus none in the rest) in 2003.


CONCLUSIONS
A history of child abuse is a significant risk factor for poor outcome posttransplantation and should be evaluated routinely. Adherence to medications can be a target for intervention in patients with a history of abuse.
On cloud security attacks: A taxonomy and intrusion detection and prevention as a service

Major provisioning of cloud computing is mainly delivered via Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service. However, these service delivery models are vulnerable to a range of security attacks, exploiting both cloud specific and existing web service vulnerabilities. Taxonomies are a useful tool for system designers as they provide a systematic way of understanding, identifying and addressing security risks. In this research work, Cloud based attacks and vulnerabilities are collected and classify with respect to their cloud models. We also present taxonomy of cloud security attacks and potential mitigation strategies with the aim of providing an in-depth understanding of security requirements in the cloud environment. We also highlight the importance of intrusion detection and prevention as a service. Keywords—Cloud computing, Taxonomy, Security attacks, Intrusion detection
Boosted or unboosted atazanavir as a simplification of lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimens.

UNLABELLED
Switches from lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) to either atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or unboosted ATV (ATV) are increasingly common in clinical practice, but data on outcome comparison between these two simplification strategies are very limited.


METHODS
Multicenter, observational, retrospective study. Data were collected from five Italian clinics. The objective of the study was to investigate the outcome of LPV/r simplification with ATV/r or ATV and to identify factors predicting virological rebound. Patients who switched from LPV/r to ATV/r or ATV with an HIV-RNA value<50 copies/mL at the time of switch and with at least one follow-up visit were included. We evaluated 468 patients (74.1% males), followed for a median (Q1-Q3) of 547 (305-788) days: 380 (81%) and 88 (19%) switched to ATV/r and to ATV, respectively. Virological rebound was detected in 78/468 (16.7%, 95% CI: 13.6 -20.3) patients [16/88 (18.2%, 95% CI: 11.4 -27.6) switched to ATV and 62/380 (16.3%, 95% CI: 12.9 -20.4) to ATV/r (p=0.638)]. Virological rebound was more frequent in patients who started LPV/r with HIV-RNA >30000 copies/mL (28% vs 6%, p=0.014). Replacing lopinavir/r with ATV or ATV/r yielded similar rates of virological rebound. Viral load at the initiation of lopinavir/r may be useful in driving the choice between ATV/r and ATV.
School psychology: a public health perspective

Concerns regarding American schools and mental health services for children abound, including inadequate educational achievement, school violence, over-referral to special education and disproportionate placement of minorities into special education, under-utilization of mental health services for children, and a poorly coordinated system of child mental health services. All of the above concerns share two common attributes: (a) they are statements regarding populations, rather than specific individuals; and (b) they are best addressed by changing system-wide elements of psychological service delivery. We argue that, although conceptualizing school psychology as primarily an indirect service specialty (e.g., J. Sch. Psychol. 28 (1990) 203) has advanced our thinking about effective service delivery, conceptualizing school psychological services from a public health perspective will provide an even broader framework that can increase both the efficacy and efficiency of school psychologists’ work. D 2002 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published By Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction to the Art and Science of Simulation

This introductory tutorial presents an over view of the process of conducting a simulation study of any discrete system. The basic viewpoint is that conducting such a study requires both art and science. Some of the issues addressed are how to get started, the steps to be followed, the issues to be faced at each step, the potential pitfalls occurring at each step, and the most common causes of failures.
Enterocystoplasty in children with neuropathic bladders: long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE
This study assesses clinical outcome, after at least 8 years, of augmentation done before or at puberty in neuropathic bladders.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 29 children with neuropathic bladders who did not respond satisfactorily to clean intermittent catheterisation and anti-cholinergic therapy underwent enterocystoplasty at a mean age of 11.8 years (range 3-18). Twenty-one children (72.4%) had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and/or ureterohydronephrosis and 22 (75.8%) had dimercapto-succinic acid scars, but all had normal renal function. All patients were followed at regular intervals with urinary tract imaging, serum electrolytes, creatinine, urodynamic evaluation and 24-h urine collection. Urine cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy were performed at the end of follow-up.


RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 11 years (range 8-14.5) and mean age at the end of follow-up was 22.2 years (range 13.2-31). Urodynamic studies showed a significant improvement in bladder compliance in all patients. Upper urinary tract dilatation disappeared in all, VUR in 13/17 (76.4%), and no new renal scarring occurred in any patient. At the end of follow-up, renal function was normal in all according to serum creatinine, but cystatin C levels were normal in 27 and elevated in two. Significant proteinuria and low concentrations of renin and aldosterone were present in 80% and 82%, respectively. Only one patient had urinary tract infection, three had bladder stones, and in another a catheterisable channel was made. All patients were dry with normal urine cytology and cystoscopy, and no malignant lesions have been found in the biopsy specimens.


CONCLUSION
Enterocystoplasty has preserved renal function and resolved VUR and/or hydronephrosis in most patients. The future implications of proteinuria and the low serum levels of renin and aldosterone, as well as the best indicator for measuring renal function, have yet to be determined. Close, life-long follow-up, including cystoscopy, is necessary to prevent complications.