LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effects of nurse-delivered home visits combined with telephone calls on medication adherence and quality of life in HIV-infected heroin users in Hunan of China.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine the effects of nurse-delivered home visits combined with telephone intervention on medication adherence, and quality of life in HIV-infected heroin users.


BACKGROUND
Drug use is consistently reported as a risk factor for medication non-adherence in HIV-infected people.


DESIGN
An experimental, pretests and post-tests, design was used: baseline and at eight months.


METHODS
A sample of 116 participants was recruited from three antiretroviral treatment sites, and 98 participants completed the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 58 in the experimental group and 58 in the control group. The experimental group received nurse-delivered home visits combined with telephone intervention over eight months, while the control group only received routine care. The questionnaire of Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report was used to assess levels of adherence, while quality of life and depression were evaluated using Chinese versions of World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) and Self-rating Depression Scale, respectively. Data were obtained at baseline and eight months.


RESULTS
At the end of eight months, participants in the experimental group were more likely to report taking 100% of pills (Fisher's exact = 14.3, p = 0.0001) and taking pills on time (Fisher's exact = 18.64, p = 0.0001) than those in the control group. There were significant effects of intervention in physical (F = 10.47, p = 0.002), psychological (F = 9.41, p = 0.003), social (F = 4.09, p = 0.046) and environmental (F = 4.80, p = 0.031) domains of WHOQOL and depression (F = 5.58, p = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Home visits and telephone calls are effective in promoting adherence to antiretroviral treatment and in improving the participants' quality of life and depressive symptoms in HIV-infected heroin users.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
It is important for nurses to recognise the issues of non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in heroin users. Besides standard care, nurses should consider conducting home visits and telephone calls to ensure better health outcome of antiretroviral treatment in this population.
Effect of atorvastatin on the incidence of acute kidney injury following valvular heart surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have the potential to reduce acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery through their pleiotropic properties. Here we studied the preventive effect of atorvastatin on AKI after valvular heart surgery. Two-hundred statin-naïve patients were randomly allocated to receive either statin or placebo. Atorvastatin was administered orally to the statin group according to a dosage schedule (80 mg single dose on the evening prior to surgery; 40 mg on the morning of surgery; three further doses of 40 mg on the evenings of postoperative days 0, 1, and 2). AKI incidence was assessed during the first 48 postoperative hours on the basis of Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. The incidence of AKI was similar in the statin and control groups (21 vs. 26 %, respectively, p = 0.404). Biomarkers of renal injury including plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and interleukin-18 were also similar between the groups. The statin group required significantly less norepinephrine and vasopressin during surgery, and fewer patients in the statin group required vasopressin. There were no significant differences in postoperative outcomes. Acute perioperative statin treatment was not associated with a lower incidence of AKI or improved clinical outcome in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01909739).
Treatment of active Crohn's disease with MLN0002, a humanized antibody to the alpha4beta7 integrin.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Selective blockade of lymphocyte-vascular endothelium interactions in the gastrointestinal tract is a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of MLN0002, a monoclonal antibody targeting the alpha4beta7 integrin, in patients with active Crohn's disease.


METHODS
Patients were randomized to receive MLN0002 2.0 mg/kg (n = 65), MLN0002 0.5 mg/kg (n = 62), or placebo (n = 58) by intravenous infusion on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy end point was clinical response (>or=70-point decrement in the Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score) on day 57. Secondary end points were the proportions of patients with clinical remission (CDAI score <or=150) and with an enhanced clinical response (>or=100-point decrement in CDAI). Human anti-human antibody levels were measured.


RESULTS
Clinical response rates at day 57 were 53%, 49%, and 41% in the MLN0002 2.0 mg/kg, MLN0002 0.5 mg/kg, and placebo groups. Clinical remission rates at day 57 were 37%, 30%, and 21%, respectively (P = .04 for the 2.0 mg/kg vs placebo comparison). At day 57, 12% and 34% of patients in the 2.0- and 0.5-mg/kg groups had clinically significant human anti-human antibody levels (titers > 1:125). There was one infusion-related hypersensitivity reaction. The most common serious adverse event was worsening of Crohn's disease.


CONCLUSIONS
This phase 2 study was suggestive of a dose-dependent beneficial effect of MLN0002 therapy on clinical remission. MLN0002 was well tolerated in patients with active Crohn's disease.
Hyperbolic Random Graphs: Separators and Treewidth

Hyperbolic random graphs share many common properties with complex real-world networks; e.g., small diameter and average distance, large clustering coefficient, and a power-law degree sequence with adjustable exponent β. Thus, when analyzing algorithms for large networks, potentially more realistic results can be achieved by assuming the input to be a hyperbolic random graph of size n. The worst-case run-time is then replaced by the expected run-time or by bounds that hold with high probability (whp), i.e., with probability 1−O(1/n). Though many structural properties of hyperbolic random graphs have been studied, almost no algorithmic results are known. Divide-and-conquer is an important algorithmic design principle that works particularly well if the instance admits small separators. We show that hyperbolic random graphs in fact have comparatively small separators. More precisely, we show that they can be expected to have balanced separator hierarchies with separators of size O( √ n3−β), O(logn), and O(1) if 2 < β < 3, β = 3, and 3 < β, respectively. We infer that these graphs have whp a treewidth of O( √ n3−β), O(log2 n), and O(logn), respectively. For 2 < β < 3, this matches a known lower bound. To demonstrate the usefulness of our results, we give several algorithmic applications. 1998 ACM Subject Classification G.2.1 Combinatorics, F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
Generating Concept Map Exercises from Textbooks

In this paper we present a methodology for creating concept map exercises for students. Concept mapping is a common pedagogical exercise in which students generate a graphical model of some domain. Our method automatically extracts knowledge representations from a textbook and uses them to generate concept maps. The purpose of the study is to generate and evaluate these concept maps according to their accuracy, completeness, and pedagogy.
Speaker identification features extraction methods: A systematic review

Speaker Identification (SI) is the process of identifying the speaker from a given utterance by comparing the voice biometrics of the utterance with those utterance models stored beforehand. SI technologies are taken a new direction due to the advances in artificial intelligence and have been used widely in various domains. Feature extraction is one of the most important aspects of SI, which significantly influences the SI process and performance. This systematic review is conducted to identify, compare, and analyze various feature extraction approaches, methods, and algorithms of SI to provide a reference on feature extraction approaches for SI applications and future studies. The review was conducted according to Kitchenham systematic review methodology and guidelines, and provides an in-depth analysis on proposals and implementations of SI feature extraction methods discussed in the literature between year 2011 and 2106. Three research questions were determined and an initial set of 535 publications were identified to answer the questions. After applying exclusion criteria 160 related publications were shortlisted and reviewed in this paper; these papers were considered to answer the research questions. Results indicate that pure Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) based feature extraction approaches have been used more than any other approach. Furthermore, other MFCC variations, such as MFCC fusion and cleansing approaches, are proven to be very popular as well. This study identified that the current SI research trend is to develop a robust universal SI framework to address the important problems of SI such as adaptability, complexity, multi-lingual recognition, and noise robustness. The results presented in this research are based on past publications, citations, and number of implementations with citations being most relevant. This paper also presents the general process of SI. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise training in HIV-1-infected individuals with dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy.

PURPOSE
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved the prognosis of human immuno deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, but it has been associated with the development of metabolic and fat distribution abnormalities known as the lipodystrophy syndrome. This study tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training added to a low-lipid diet may have favorable effects in HIV-1-infected individuals with dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy.


METHODS
Thirty healthy subjects, carriers of HIV-1, with dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy, all of whom were using protease inhibitors and/or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, were randomly assigned to participate in either a 12-wk program of aerobic exercise or a 12-wk stretching and relaxation program. All subjects received recommendations for a low-lipid diet. Before and after intervention, peak oxygen uptake, body composition, CD4, viral load, lipid profile, and plasma endothelin-1 levels were measured.


RESULTS
Peak oxygen uptake increased significantly in the diet and exercise group (mean +/- SD: 32 +/- 5 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) before; 40 +/- 8 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) after) but not in the diet only group (34 +/- 7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) before; 35 +/- 8 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) after). Body weight, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio decreased significantly and similarly in the two groups. There were no significant changes in immunologic variables in either group. Likewise, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels did not change significantly in either group. Plasma endothelin-1 levels were elevated in both groups and presented no significant changes during the study.


CONCLUSION
HIV-seropositive individuals with lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia submitted to a short-term intervention of low-lipid diet and aerobic exercise training are able to increase their functional capacity without any consistent changes in plasma lipid levels.
Navigation System Heading and Position Accuracy Improvement through GPS and INS Data Fusion

Commercial navigation systems currently in use have reduced position and heading error but are usually quite expensive. It is proposed that extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) be used in the integration of a global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS). GPS and INS individually exhibit large errors but they do complement each other by maximizing the advantage of each in calculating the heading angle and position through EKF and UKF. The proposed method was tested using low cost GPS, a cheap electronic compass (EC), and an inertial management unit (IMU) which provided accurate heading and position information, verifying the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
STRAW - An Integrated Mobility and Traffic Model for VANETs

Ad-hoc wireless communication among highly dynamic, mobile nodes in a urban network is a critical capability for a wide range of important applications including automated vehicles, real-time traffic monitoring, and battleground communication. When evaluating application performance through simulation, a realistic mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is critical for accurate results. This technical report discusses the implementation of STRAW, a new mobility model for VANETs in which nodes move according to a realistic vehicular traffic model on roads defined by real street map data. The challenge is to create a traffic model that accounts for individual vehicle motion without incurring significant overhead relative to the cost of performing the wireless network simulation. We identify essential and optional techniques for modeling vehicular motion that can be integrated into any wireless network simulator. We then detail choices we made in implementing STRAW.
Treating a maxillary midline diastema in adult patients: a general dentist's perspective.

BACKGROUND
A maxillary midline diastema (MMD) often is a primary concern of patients during a dental consultation. Although an MMD can be transient owing to the developing dentition and, thus, requires no active treatment, management of MMDs in the permanent dentition requires a detailed examination and appropriate care.


CASE DESCRIPTION
. The authors present five cases of MMDs in adults to illustrate a range of restorative and orthodontic options. In the first case, the clinician used resin-based composite buildup to close an MMD resulting from small teeth and generalized spacing in the dental arch. In the second case, the clinician placed porcelain veneers to treat an MMD in a patient with discolored dentition. In the third case, the clinician fitted a removable appliance to close an MMD by tipping the incisors palatally. In the fourth case, the clinician fitted a sectional fixed appliance to promote mesial bodily movement of the incisors. In the fifth case, the clinician placed a full-arch fixed appliance to treat an MMD caused by tilted incisors.


CONCLUSIONS
and


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Effective treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention. General dentists can perform a range of restorative and orthodontic treatments in appropriate clinical situations to address patients' concerns.
Filter Before You Parse: Faster Analytics on Raw Data with Sparser

Exploratory big data applications often run on raw unstructured or semi-structured data formats, such as JSON files or text logs. These applications can spend 80–90% of their execution time parsing the data. In this paper, we propose a new approach for reducing this overhead: apply filters on the data’s raw bytestream before parsing. This technique, which we call raw filtering, leverages the features of modern hardware and the high selectivity of queries found in many exploratory applications. With raw filtering, a user-specified query predicate is compiled into a set of filtering primitives called raw filters (RFs). RFs are fast, SIMD-based operators that occasionally yield false positives, but never false negatives. We combine multiple RFs into an RF cascade to decrease the false positive rate and maximize parsing throughput. Because the best RF cascade is datadependent, we propose an optimizer that dynamically selects the combination of RFs with the best expected throughput, achieving within 10% of the global optimum cascade while adding less than 1.2% overhead. We implement these techniques in a system called Sparser, which automatically manages a parsing cascade given a data stream in a supported format (e.g., JSON, Avro, Parquet) and a user query. We show that many real-world applications are highly selective and benefit from Sparser. Across diverse workloads, Sparser accelerates state-of-the-art parsers such as Mison by up to 22× and improves end-to-end application performance by up to 9×. PVLDB Reference Format: S. Palkar, F. Abuzaid, P. Bailis, M. Zaharia. Filter Before You Parse: Faster Analytics on Raw Data with Sparser. PVLDB, 11(11): xxxx-yyyy, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14778/3236187.3236207
Parental choice of primary school in England: what 'type' of school do parents choose?

We investigate the central premise of the theory of markets in education, namely that parents value academic standards. We ask what parents really want from schools and whether different types of parents have similar preferences. We examine parents’ stated preferences and revealed preferences for schools (their actual choice of school as opposed to what they say they value in a school). More educated and higher socio-economic status (SES) parents are more likely to cite academic standards, whilst less educated and lower SES parents are more likely to cite proximity. More advantaged parents choose better performing schools, particularly in areas with many schools and therefore a lot of potential school choice. More advantaged parents also choose schools with much lower proportions of pupils eligible for free school meals, relative to other schools available to them. Hence whilst parents do not admit to choosing schools on the basis of their social composition, this happens in practice. Most parents get their first choice of school (94%) and this holds both for more and less advantaged parents, though this is partially because poorer parents make more ‘realistic’, i.e. less ambitious, choices. If, in areas where there is a lot of potential competition between schools, more advantaged families have a higher chance of achieving their more ambitious choices that do poorer parents, this could tend to exacerbate social segregation in our schools.
Full-text citation analysis: A new method to enhance scholarly networks

In this article, we use innovative full-text citation analysis along with supervised topic modeling and networkanalysis algorithms to enhance classical bibliometric analysis and publication/author/venue ranking. By utilizing citation contexts extracted from a large number of full-text publications, each citation or publication is represented by a probability distribution over a set of predefined topics, where each topic is labeled by an author-contributed keyword. We then used publication/ citation topic distribution to generate a citation graph with vertex prior and edge transitioning probability distributions. The publication importance score for each given topic is calculated by PageRank with edge and vertex prior distributions. To evaluate this work, we sampled 104 topics (labeled with keywords) in review papers. The cited publications of each review paper are assumed to be “important publications” for the target topic (keyword), and we use these cited publications to validate our topic-ranking result and to compare different publication-ranking lists. Evaluation results show that full-text citation and publication content prior topic distribution, along with the classical PageRank algorithm can significantly enhance bibliometric analysis and scientific publication ranking performance, comparing with term frequency–inverted document frequency (tf–idf), language model, BM25, PageRank, and PageRank + language model (p < .001), for academic information retrieval (IR) systems. Introduction and Motivation
A Method for Focused Crawling Using Combination of Link Structure and Content Similarity

The rapid growth of the World-Wide Web poses unprecedented scaling challenges for general-purpose crawlers and search engines, A focused crawler aims at selectively seek out pages that are relevant to a pre-defined set of topics. Besides specifying topics by some keywords, it is customary also to use some exemplary documents to compute the similarity of a given Web document to the topic, in this paper we introduce a new hybride focused crawler, which uses link structure of documents as well as similarity of pages to the topic to crawl the Web
Specialist intervention is associated with improved patient outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure: evaluation of the impact of a multidisciplinary inpatient heart failure team

OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary inpatient heart failure team (HFT) on treatment, hospital readmissions and mortality of patients with decompensated heart failure (HF).


METHODS
A retrospective service evaluation was undertaken in a UK tertiary centre university hospital comparing 196 patients admitted with HF in the 6 months prior to the introduction of the HFT (pre-HFT) with all 211 patients seen by the HFT (post-HFT) during its first operational year.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in patient baseline characteristics between the groups. Inpatient mortality (22% pre-HFT vs 6% post-HFT; p<0.0001) and 1-year mortality (43% pre-HFT vs 27% post-HFT; p=0.001) were significantly lower in the post-HFT cohort. Post-HFT patients were significantly more likely to be discharged on loop diuretics (84% vs 98%; p=<0.0001), ACE inhibitors (65% vs 76%; p=0.02), ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (83% vs 91%; p=0.02), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (44% vs 68%; p<0.0001) pre-HFT versus post-HFT, respectively. There was no difference in discharge prescription rates of beta-blockers (59% pre-HFT vs 63% post-HFT; p=0.45). The mean length of stay (17±19 days pre-HFT vs 19±18 days post-HFT; p=0.06), 1-year all-cause readmission rates (46% pre-HFT vs 47% post-HFT; p=0.82) and HF readmission rates (28% pre-HFT vs 20% post-HFT; p=0.09) were not different between the groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The introduction of a specialist inpatient HFT was associated with improved patient outcome. Inpatient and 1-year mortality were significantly reduced. Improved use of evidence-based drug therapies, more intensive diuretic use and multidisciplinary care may contribute to these differences in outcome.