LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A case control study investigating the effects of levels of physical activity at work as a risk factor for prostate cancer

BACKGROUND
A potential risk factor for prostate cancer is occupational physical activity. The occupational aetiology of prostate cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to examine associations between the level of exposure to various measures of physical activity at work and the risk of Prostate Cancer.


METHODS
Using the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix and the occupational history of 1,436 cases and 1,349 matched controls from an Australian case control study; we investigated five related exposure variables considered to be risk factors by comparing odds ratios.


RESULTS
Modestly increasing odds ratios were detected with increasing levels of workload but there was no difference in this trend between moderate and high grade tumours. In regard to occupational physical workload no statistically significant association was observed overall but an increasing trend with level of exposure was observed for high grade compared with moderate grade tumours.


CONCLUSION
Both workload and physical workload merit further investigation, particularly for the latter in relation to grade of tumour.
Surface Plasmon Damping Quantified with an Electron Nanoprobe

Fabrication and synthesis of plasmonic structures is rapidly moving towards sub-nanometer accuracy in control over shape and inter-particle distance. This holds the promise for developing device components based on novel, non-classical electro-optical effects. Monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has in recent years demonstrated its value as a qualitative experimental technique in nano-optics and plasmonic due to its unprecedented spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate that EELS can also be used quantitatively, to probe surface plasmon kinetics and damping in single nanostructures. Using this approach, we present from a large (>50) series of individual gold nanoparticles the plasmon Quality factors and the plasmon Dephasing times, as a function of energy/frequency. It is shown that the measured general trend applies to regular particle shapes (rods, spheres) as well as irregular shapes (dendritic, branched morphologies). The combination of direct sub-nanometer imaging with EELS-based plasmon damping analysis launches quantitative nanoplasmonics research into the sub-nanometer realm.
Factors influencing internet addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to understand the degree of internet addiction tendency and to find out the factors influencing this addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area.


METHODS
A total of 450 middle school students in the Daegu and Gyeong-buk area were surveyed in this study. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires.


RESULTS
Internet addiction among middle school students was relatively low (Average user). In the overall ratio distribution, however, students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of addiction accounted for a high percentage, 27%. A positive correlation was found between Internet addiction and Internet expectation, depression and parent control over Internet use. A negative correlation was found between Internet addiction and interpersonal relationship, parent support and self-control. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction tendency was depression.


CONCLUSION
Through the above results, it would be necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account for the psychological factors such as depression and Internet use habits. In the future study, the need assessment will be useful for developing this prevention program.
A prospective clinical trial of HIFU hemiablation for clinically localized prostate cancer

Background:Focal therapy is an emerging mini-invasive treatment modality for localized prostate cancer aimed to reduce the morbidity associated with radical therapy while maintaining optimal cancer control. We report the mid-term oncological and functional results of primary hemiablation high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in a prospective cohort of patients.Methods:Over 8 years, hemiablation HIFU was primarily performed in 50 selected patients with biopsy-proven clinically localized unilateral, low–intermediate risk prostate cancer in complete concordance with the prostate cancer lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging with precise loci matching on multimodal approach. Post-treatment follow-up included regular serial PSA measurements. Biochemical recurrence was reported using Stuttgart and Phoenix criteria. The latter was used as a threshold to offer whole-gland biopsies.Results:Complete follow-up was available for all patients and the median follow-up was 39.5 months (range: 6–94). Mean nadir PSA value was 1.6 ng ml−1, which represents 72% reduction compared with initial PSA pre-treatment value (P<0.001). Median time to achieve PSA nadir was 3 months. Biochemical recurrence, according to Phoenix and Stuttgart definition, occurred in 28 and 36% of patients, respectively. The 5-year actuarial metastases-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival rates were 93, 100 and 87%, respectively. Out of the eight patients undergoing biopsy, six patients had a positive biopsy for cancer occurring in the untreated contralateral (n=3) or treated ipsilateral lobe (n=1) or bilaterally (n=2). A Clavien–Dindo grade 3b complication occurred in two patients. Complete continence (no pads) and erection sufficient for intercourse were documented in 94 or 80% of patients, respectively.Conclusion:Hemiablation HIFU therapy, delivered with intention to treat, for carefully selected patients affords mid-term promising functional and oncological outcomes. The effectiveness of this technique should be now compared with whole-gland radical therapy.
PF74 Reinforces the HIV-1 Capsid To Impair Reverse Transcription-Induced Uncoating.

The RNA genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is enclosed in a cone-shaped capsid shell that disassembles following cell entry via a process known as uncoating. During HIV-1 infection, the capsid is important for reverse transcription and entry of the virus into the target cell nucleus. The small molecule PF74 inhibits HIV-1 infection at early stages by binding to the capsid and perturbing uncoating. However, the mechanism by which PF74 alters capsid stability and reduces viral infection is presently unknown. Here, we show, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), that binding of PF74 to recombinant capsid-like assemblies and to HIV-1 isolated cores stabilizes the capsid in a concentration-dependent manner. At a PF74 concentration of 10 μM, the mechanical stability of the core is increased to a level similar to that of the intrinsically hyperstable capsid mutant E45A. PF74 also prevented the complete disassembly of HIV-1 cores normally observed during 24 h of reverse transcription. Specifically, cores treated with PF74 only partially disassembled: the main body of the capsid remained intact and stiff, and a cap-like structure dissociated from the narrow end of the core. Moreover, the internal coiled structure that was observed to form during reverse transcription in vitro persisted throughout the duration of the measurement (∼24 h). Our results provide direct evidence that PF74 directly stabilizes the HIV-1 capsid lattice, thereby permitting reverse transcription while interfering with a late step in uncoating.IMPORTANCE The capsid-binding small molecule PF74 inhibits HIV-1 infection at early stages and perturbs uncoating. However, the mechanism by which PF74 alters capsid stability and reduces viral infection is presently unknown. We recently introduced time-lapse atomic force microscopy to study the morphology and physical properties of HIV-1 cores during the course of reverse transcription. Here, we apply this AFM methodology to show that PF74 prevented the complete disassembly of HIV-1 cores normally observed during 24 h of reverse transcription. Specifically, cores with PF74 only partially disassembled: the main body of the capsid remained intact and stiff, but a cap-like structure dissociated from the narrow end of the core HIV-1. Our result provides direct evidence that PF74 directly stabilizes the HIV-1 capsid lattice.
Mind the Gap: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Patients Hospitalized with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

As you board the train in London, a sign reminds you to ‘‘Mind the Gap’’ and not stumble between the train and boarding platform. Improving the quality of medical care will take countless efforts to ‘‘Mind the Gap’’ between care that could be and care that is. Bridge enough gaps and perhaps we can cross the ‘‘Quality Chasm’’ that the Institute of Medicine’s 2001 report described [1]. In epidemiologic terms, the gap between best care and usual care is described by the terms ‘‘efficacy’’ and ‘‘effectiveness.’’ A. L. Cochrane, the British epidemiologist, first articulated this difference in his classic book entitled Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Service, the textbook that launched evidencebased medicine [2]. According to Cochrane, efficacy refers to the best care achievable when provided under ideal (controlled) conditions. Effectiveness refers to care that is provided under average or usual conditions. In this issue of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, a gap in care is highlighted for patients who are hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD are at 3to 4-fold increased risk of both primary and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to people without IBD, VTE can occur at a younger age than expected and pulmonary embolism (PE) also appears at rates higher than in hospitalized patients without IBD [3–7]. VTE can occur in unusual locations including the cerebrovascular system, portal vein, mesenteric and retinal veins [3]. In 2003 there were approximately 38 million discharges from US acute care hospitals [8]. Fifty-one percent of the 15 million patients discharged from medical services were judged to be at increased risk for VTE according to criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) [9]. VTE contributes to over 100,000 deaths each year and is one of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) key strategies for improving patient safety [10]. The following is taken from the ACCP 2012 VTE guidelines:
The Membership and Equivalence Problems for Picture Languages

Abstract The paper describes two principal results: (1) there is a nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithm to determine whether an arbitrary picture is a member of a context-free picture language and (2) the equivalence problem for regular picture languages is not decidable (not even partially decidable). This solves open questions described in earlier publications. Furthermore, these results are best possible. That is, the membership problem for context-free picture languages was earlier shown to be NP-hard and the complement of the equivalence problem for regular picture languages is easily seen to be partially decidable.
The effect of telephone social support and education on adaptation to breast cancer during the year following diagnosis.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To find the most effective methods of providing social support for women diagnosed with breast cancer by testing the effectiveness of a telephone social support and education intervention to promote emotional and interpersonal adaptation to breast cancer.


DESIGN
Multisite, two-group experimental study with repeated measures.


SETTING
Arkansas and New Jersey.


SAMPLE
The Arkansas sample consisted of 106 women who entered the study two to four weeks postsurgery for nonmetastatic breast cancer and were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The comparison group consisted of 91 women from New Jersey who had participated in a previously completed study that used the same interventions and found that telephone support resulted in more positive, statistically significant adaptation to the disease.


METHODS
The experimental group received 13 months of telephone social support and education. Both groups received educational materials via a mailed resource kit. The Profile of Mood States; Visual Analogue Scale-Worry; Relationship Change Scale; University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-Version 3; and the modified Symptom Distress Scale provided data regarding the variables of interest. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t tests, and multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Mood, worry, relationships with significant others, loneliness, and symptoms.


FINDINGS
Data analysis showed no significant differences between groups, and both improved on some of the outcomes. Significant time-by-location interaction effects were found when comparing the Arkansas and New Jersey samples, thereby supporting the need to consider regional differences when developing interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
The mailed educational resource kit alone appeared to be as effective as the telephone social support provided by oncology nurses in conjunction with the mailed resource kit.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Mailed educational resource kits may be the most efficient and cost-effective way to provide educational support to newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer, but their effect may differ according to region.
Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitals: study protocol for a multi-site randomised controlled study

INTRODUCTION
Despite advances in infection prevention and control, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are common and remain problematic. A number of measures can be taken to reduce the risk of CAUTI in hospitals. Appropriate urinary catheter insertion procedures are one such method. Reducing bacterial colonisation around the meatal or urethral area has the potential to reduce CAUTI risk. However, evidence about the best antiseptic solutions for meatal cleaning is mixed, resulting in conflicting recommendations in guidelines internationally. This paper presents the protocol for a study to evaluate the effectiveness (objective 1) and cost-effectiveness (objective 2) of using chlorhexidine in meatal cleaning prior to catheter insertion, in reducing catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria and CAUTI.


METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A stepped wedge randomised controlled trial will be undertaken in three large Australian hospitals over a 32-week period. The intervention in this study is the use of chlorhexidine (0.1%) solution for meatal cleaning prior to catheter insertion. During the first 8 weeks of the study, no hospital will receive the intervention. After 8 weeks, one hospital will cross over to the intervention with the other two participating hospitals crossing over to the intervention at 8-week intervals respectively based on randomisation. All sites complete the trial at the same time in 2018. The primary outcomes for objective 1 (effectiveness) are the number of cases of CAUTI and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria per 100 catheter days will be analysed separately using Poisson regression. The primary outcome for objective 2 (cost-effectiveness) is the changes in costs relative to health benefits (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) from adoption of the intervention.


DISSEMINATION
Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant conferences.A dissemination plan it being developed. Results will be published in the peer review literature, presented at relevant conferences and communicated via professional networks.


ETHICS
Ethics approval has been obtained.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
12617000373370, approved 13/03/2017. Protocol version 1.1.
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ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6: Which Way Forward?

The surge in free trade agreements (FTAs) in East Asia since the Asian financial crisis has prompted a lively debate on the characteristics, impact, and future path of FTAs in the region. To inform the ongoing debate, this paper maps the salient characteristics of East Asian FTAs using a new FTA database, identifies several key issues to be addressed, and explores economic effects using computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. The paper suggests that WTO-plus elements need to be further expanded and the negative aspects of FTAs be minimized. The paper argues that consolidation of multiple and overlapping FTAs into a single East Asian FTA can help mitigate the harmful “noodle bowl” effects of different rules of origin (ROOs) and standards and that the consolidation at the ASEAN+6 level would yield the largest gains to East Asia among plausible regional trade arrangements—while the losses to non-members would be relatively small. For such consolidation to occur, ASEAN must act as the regional “hub” by further deepening ASEAN economic integration, the plus-three countries (PRC, Japan, and Korea) need to collaborate more closely, and India needs to pursue further structural reforms. Furthermore, substantial international support is required to strengthen the supply-side capacity of poorer ASEAN countries—including the building of trade-supporting infrastructure (transport, energy, and telecommunications)—so that they can take advantage of integrated regional markets and narrow development gaps within ASEAN. Over time, it would be desirable for East Asia to strengthen economic ties with North America and Europe by connecting an ASEAN+6 FTA with NAFTA and the EU. JEL Classification: F15, F17, O24 ADBI Discussion Paper 77 Masahiro Kawai and Ganeshan Wignaraja
The urban foodscape: world cities and the new food equation

A new food equation is taking shape in response to burgeoning prices for basic foodstuffs and growing concerns about the security and sustainability of the agri-food system. Far from being confined to the countries of the global south, food security is now a major issue for the global north, where cities are most exposed to the new pressures on account of their ecological and political sensitivities. This article examines the evolution of urban food strategies in two world cities, London and New York, to explore (i) the meanings of a ‘sustainable food strategy’ and (ii) the scope and limits of food system localization, which is not a surrogate for a sustainable food strategy.
Prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and anti-keratin antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.


METHODS
149 patients with a diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome according to the European/American consensus criteria were recruited from three French medical centres. The presence of anti-CCP was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and of AKA antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Radiographs of hands and feet were evaluated at the time of anti-CCP analysis.


RESULTS
Six patients with radiological erosions and nine patients with non-erosive arthritis fulfilling ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were thought to have rheumatoid arthritis and secondary Sjögren's syndrome, while 134 were considered to have primary Sjögren's syndrome (mean (SD) disease duration, 11.1 (6.6) years). Of these, 80 tested positive for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) (59%), 10 (7.5%) for anti-CCP, 7 (5.2%) for AKA, and 5 (3.7%) for both anti-CCP and AKA. There was no difference in clinical and biological features, including prevalence of RF, between anti-CCP positive and negative patients. The nine Sjögren patients with non-erosive arthritis, fulfilling ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis, were all CCP positive. Their response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs could be different from classical rheumatoid patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome are negative for AKA and anti-CCP, but positive test results should not rule out this diagnosis. Anti-CCP positive patients, who may be prone to developing rheumatoid arthritis, require cautious clinical and radiographic follow up.
Effect of art making on cancer-related symptoms of blood and marrow transplantation recipients.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To examine whether a one-hour art-making session during blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) treatment significantly affects therapy-related symptoms, state anxiety, and stress.


DESIGN
A pre- and post-test crossover design.


SETTING
An urban outpatient cancer center in the midwestern United States.


SAMPLE
A convenience sample of 20 patients, aged 20-68 years (X = 38.5), receiving treatment at a BMT clinic.


METHODS
Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index, and provided salivary cortisol samples. After pretesting, individuals were assigned to either a wait list or intervention. Individuals in the wait-list group received the usual treatment before completing the post-test measures. Individuals in the intervention group participated in a one-hour art-making session, after which they completed post-test measures. Participants then crossed over to the other group.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Art making, stress, state anxiety, and therapy-related symptoms.


FINDINGS
Therapy-related symptom concerns for the intervention group at post-test were significantly lower than at pretest; no change ocurred in the control group. The salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower at post-test in the intervention and control groups. No change occurred in the anxiety levels of participants in the intervention and control groups. The study hypothesis was partially supported.


CONCLUSIONS
Art making decreased therapy-related symptoms (e.g., feeling sluggish, difficulty concentrating). Use of more physiologic indices to measure stress and replication on a larger sample are suggested.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Individuals receiving BMT may benefit from participation in art-making interventions. Art making is easy to implement in a clinic setting and allows for positive interactions between nurses and patients.