LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Culture as situated cognition : Cultural mindsets , cultural fluency , and meaning making

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A new query reweighting method for document retrieval based on genetic algorithms

In this paper, we present a new method for query reweighting to deal with document retrieval. The proposed method uses genetic algorithms to reweight a user's query vector, based on the user's relevance feedback, to improve the performance of document retrieval systems. It encodes a user's query vector into chromosomes and searches for the optimal weights of query terms for retrieving documents by genetic algorithms. After the best chromosome is found, the proposed method decodes the chromosome into the user's query vector for dealing with document retrieval. The proposed query reweighting method can find the best weights of query terms in the user's query vector, based on the user's relevance feedback. It can increase the precision rate and the recall rate of the document retrieval system for dealing with document retrieval
SOME EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ALUMINUM POWDER MIXED EDM ON MACHINING PERFORMANCE OF HASTELLOY STEEL

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the effect of aluminium powder mixed in the dielectric fluid of Electric Discharge Machining on the machining characteristics of Hastelloy. Concentrations of aluminium powder and grain size of powder are taken as process input parameters. Material removal rate, tool wear rate, %age Wear Rate, surface roughness are taken as output parameters to measure process performance. The experimental investigations are carried out using copper electrode. Nine experiments are performed on Hastelloy using Electronica make smart ZNC EDM machine. Relationships are developed between various input and output parameters. The study indicates that both the input parameters strongly affect the machining performance of Hastelloy. The addition of aluminium powder in dielectric fluid increases MRR, decreases TWR and improves surface finish of Hastelloy.
CYCLIC UNIVERSE WITH QUINTOM MATTER IN LOOP QUANTUM COSMOLOGY

In this paper, we study the possibility of model building of cyclic universe with Quintom matter in the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology. After a general demonstration, we provide two examples, one with double-fluid and another double-scalar field, to show how such a scenario is obtained. Analytical and numerical calculations are both presented in the paper.
Novel Broadband 3dB Directional Coupler Design Method

─ A novel broadband 3-dB directional coupler design method utilizing HFSS and realization are given in this paper. It is realized in stripline, showing great agreement with the simulation and design format. The unique property of this design method is that it unnecessitates both a feedback from the realization for broadbanding and an additional smoothing of transition between coupled sections of the whole directional coupler. There is also no need for either a specialised CAD tool or a computer program. Key-words:digital frequency discriminator, HFSS, APLAC, broadside coupling
The Prevalence and Pattern of Superficial Fungal Infections among School Children in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria

Fungal infections of the skin and nails are common global problems with attendant morbidity among affected individuals. Children are mostly affected due to predisposing factors such as overcrowding and low socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the clinical patterns of superficial fungal infections among primary school children in Ile-Ife. A multistage sampling was conducted to select eight hundred pupils from ten primary schools in Ile-Ife. Data on epidemiological characteristics and clinical history was collected using a semistructured questionnaire and skin scrapings were done. The prevalence of superficial fungal infections among the 800 respondents was 35.0%. Male pupils constituted 51.0% of respondents while the females were 49.0%. The mean age for all the respondents was 9.42 ± 2.00. Tinea capitis was the commonest infection with a prevalence of 26.9% and tinea unguium, tinea corporis, and tinea faciei had a prevalence of 0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. Tinea manuum had the least prevalence of 0.1%. Pityriasis versicolor had a prevalence of 4.4%. Microsporum audouinii was the leading organism isolated. The study shows that the prevalence of superficial fungal infection (SFI) among primary school children in Ile-Ife is high with tinea capitis as the commonest SFI.
Is Accurate Perception of Body Image Associated with Appropriate Weight-Control Behavior among Adolescents of the Seychelles

Background. We examined body image perception and its association with reported weight-control behavior among adolescents in the Seychelles. Methods. We conducted a school-based survey of 1432 students aging 11-17 years in the Seychelles. Perception of body image was assessed using both a closed-ended question (CEQ) and Stunkard's pictorial silhouettes (SPS). Voluntary attempts to change weight were also assessed. Results. A substantial proportion of the overweight students did not consider themselves as overweight (SPS: 24%, CEQ: 34%), and a substantial proportion of the normal-weight students considered themselves as too thin (SPS: 29%, CEQ: 15%). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with an accurate weight perception were more likely to have appropriate weight-control behavior. Conclusions. We found that substantial proportions of students had an inaccurate perception of their weight and that weight perception was associated with weight-control behavior. These findings point to forces that can drive the upwards overweight trends.
Visual speech feature extraction for improved speech recognition

Mainstream automatic speech recognition has focused almost exclusively on the acoustic signal. The performance of these systems degrades considerably in the real world in the presence of noise. On the other hand, most human listeners, both hearing-impaired and normal hearing, make use of visual information to improve speech perception in acoustically hostile environments. Motivated by humans' ability to lipread, the visual component is considered to yield information that is not always present in the acoustic signal and enables improved accuracy over totally acoustic systems, especially in noisy environments. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of visual information in speech recognition. We first present a method for automatically locating and extracting visual speech features from a talking person in color video sequences. We then develop a recognition engine to train and recognize sequences of visual parameters for the purpose of speech recognition. We particularly explore the impact of various combinations of visual features on the recognition accuracy. We conclude that the inner lip contour features together with the information about the visibility of the tongue and teeth significantly improve the performance over using outer contour only features in both speaker dependent and speaker independent recognition tasks.
A first-in-human phase I study of MORAb-004, a monoclonal antibody to endosialin in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE
Endosialin (TEM-1, CD248) is a protein expressed on the surface of activated mesenchymal cells, including certain subsets of tumors. Preclinical models suppressing endosialin function have shown antitumor activity. A humanized monoclonal antibody, MORAb-004, was engineered to target endosialin and is the first agent in clinical development for this mesenchymal cell target.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
This first-in-human, open-label, phase I study recruited patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors. MORAb-004 was administered intravenously once weekly in 4-week cycles. Objectives included determination of the safety of multiple infusions of MORAb-004, identification of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic modeling, detection of any anti-human antibody response, and assessment of objective radiographic response to therapy.


RESULTS
Thirty-six patients were treated at 10 dose levels of MORAb-004, ranging from 0.0625 to 16 mg/kg. Drug-related adverse events were primarily grade 1-2 infusion toxicities. Dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 vomiting was observed at 16 mg/kg. Eighteen of 32 evaluable patients across all doses achieved disease stability, with minor radiographic responses observed in 4 patients (pancreatic neuroendocrine, hepatocellular, and sarcoma tumor types). Pharmacokinetics showed MORAb-004 accumulation beginning at 4 mg/kg and saturable elimination beginning at 0.25 mg/kg. Exposure increased in a greater-than-dose-proportional manner with terminal half-life increasing proportionally with dose. The MTD was identified as 12 mg/kg.


CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary antitumor activity was observed. Safety profile, pharmacokinetics, and early antitumor activity suggest that MORAb-004 is safe at doses up to 12 mg/kg and should be studied further for efficacy.
Modulation of feedback-related negativity during trial-and-error exploration and encoding of behavioral shifts

The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a mid-frontal event-related potential (ERP) recorded in various cognitive tasks and associated with the onset of sensory feedback signaling decision outcome. Some properties of the FRN are still debated, notably its sensitivity to positive and negative reward prediction error (RPE)-i.e., the discrepancy between the expectation and the actual occurrence of a particular feedback,-and its role in triggering the post-feedback adjustment. In the present study we tested whether the FRN is modulated by both positive and negative RPE. We also tested whether an instruction cue indicating the need for behavioral adjustment elicited the FRN. We asked 12 human subjects to perform a problem-solving task where they had to search by trial and error which of five visual targets, presented on a screen, was associated with a correct feedback. After exploration and discovery of the correct target, subjects could repeat their correct choice until the onset of a visual signal to change (SC) indicative of a new search. Analyses showed that the FRN was modulated by both negative and positive prediction error (RPE). Finally, we found that the SC elicited an FRN-like potential on the frontal midline electrodes that was not modulated by the probability of that event. Collectively, these results suggest the FRN may reflect a mechanism that evaluates any event (outcome, instruction cue) signaling the need to engage adaptive actions.
Serum neuron-specific enolase as early predictor of outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a cohort study

INTRODUCTION
Outcome after cardiac arrest is mostly determined by the degree of hypoxic brain damage. Patients recovering from cardiopulmonary resuscitation are at great risk of subsequent death or severe neurological damage, including persistent vegetative state. The early definition of prognosis for these patients has ethical and economic implications. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in predicting outcomes in patients early after in-hospital cardiac arrest.


METHODS
Forty-five patients resuscitated from in-hospital cardiac arrest were prospectively studied from June 2003 to January 2005. Blood samples were collected, at any time between 12 and 36 hours after the arrest, for NSE measurement. Outcome was evaluated 6 months later with the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (unfavorable outcome) included GOS 1 and 2 patients; group 2 (favorable outcome) included GOS 3, 4 and 5 patients. The Mann-Whitney U test, Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the groups.


RESULTS
The Glasgow coma scale scores were 6.1 +/- 3 in group 1 and 12.1 +/- 3 in group 2 (means +/- SD; p < 0.001). The mean time to NSE sampling was 20.2 +/- 8.3 hours in group 1 and 28.4 +/- 8.7 hours in group 2 (p = 0.013). Two patients were excluded from the analysis because of sample hemolysis. At 6 months, favorable outcome was observed in nine patients (19.6%). Thirty patients (69.8%) died and four (9.3%) remained in a persistent vegetative state. The 34 patients (81.4%) in group 1 had significantly higher NSE levels (median 44.24 ng/ml, range 8.1 to 370) than those in group 2 (25.26 ng/ml, range 9.28 to 55.41; p = 0.034).


CONCLUSION
Early determination of serum NSE levels is a valuable ancillary method for assessing outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
A primer of schematics to facilitate the design of the preferred muscle perforator flaps.

BACKGROUND
The universal adoption of muscle perforator flaps has been hampered by a lack of uniformity that would ensure the reliable harvest of the requisite vascular pedicle. Anatomical anomalies of their vascular supply are the anticipated norm, creating a conundrum inasmuch as retention of an adequate circulation is imperative to ensure the expected flap viability. Despite better preoperative assessment of the blood supply of muscle perforator flaps, including color duplex ultrasound, computed tomographic angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography, Doppler ultrasonography remains the most convenient, inexpensive, and readily available method for evaluating a potential donor site.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Schematics detailing the important basic anatomical features were recapitulated for the four most prevalent muscle perforator flaps: the lateral circumflex femoral artery perforator-vastus lateralis (sic, anterolateral thigh), the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator, the superior gluteal artery perforator, and the thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps. They were also done for five other useful lower-extremity donor sites: the inferior gluteal artery perforator, the lateral circumflex femoral artery perforator-tensor fasciae latae, the medial circumflex femoral artery perforator-gracilis, the profunda femoris artery perforator-adductor magnus, and the medial sural artery perforator flaps.


CONCLUSIONS
A general knowledge of the relationship of pertinent musculocutaneous perforators to certain anatomical landmarks is still relevant as a starting point for identifying their location by Doppler ultrasonography. These schematics are only rudimentary guidelines for the subsequent design of the desired flap and should in no way be construed as a definitive review of the technique nor indications for these flaps.
A Heart Disease Prediction Model Using Decision Tree

In this paper, we develop a heart disease prediction model that can assist medical professionals in predicting heart disease status based on the clinical data of patients. Firstly, we select 14 important clinical features, i.e., age, sex, chest pain type, trestbps, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, resting ecg, max heart rate, exercise induced angina, old peak, slope, number of vessels colored, thal and diagnosis of heart disease. Secondly, we develop an prediction model using J48 decision tree for classifying heart disease based on these clinical features against unpruned, pruned and pruned with reduced error pruning approach.. Finally, the accuracy of Pruned J48 Decision Tree with Reduced Error Pruning Approach is more better then the simple Pruned and Unpruned approach. The result obtained that which shows that fasting blood sugar is the most important attribute which gives better classification against the other attributes but its gives not better accuracy. Keywords—Data mining, Reduced Error Pruning, Gain Ratio and Decision Tree.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Composite with Silver Nanoparticles

Polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of nitric acid. The formation of PANI/Ag nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy. The XRD patterns indicated that the crystalline phase of Ag is cubic with crystallite size of 93 nm. The TEM image shows that the Ag nanoparticles are well dispersed in the polyaniline matrix. Optical measurements show that the value of optical band gap of nanocomposite is lower than that of pure PANI. The DC-, AC-conductivities, dielectric permittivity (ε') and dielectric loss (ε'') of (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite and pure PANI have been measured in the temperature range from 303 to 723 K and frequency range from 10 to 10 kHz. The electrical conductivity of the (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite is higher than pure PANI. Temperature variation of frequency exponents in this blend suggests that AC-conductivity is attributed to correlated barrier hopping mechanism. At all frequencies, the ε' value for (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite is higher than that for pure one. The higher dielectric constant of the PANI/Ag nanocomposite indicates their better ability to store electric potential energy under the influence of alternative electric field.
An Image-Based Model for Realistic Lens Systems in Interactive Computer Graphics

Many applications, such as realistic rendering, virtual and augmented reality, and virtual studios, require an accurate simulation of real lens and camera systems at interactive rates, including depth of field and geometric aberrations, in particular distortions. Unfortunately, camera models used in Computer Graphics are either too simple to describe these effects or too expensive to simulate for interactive use. In this paper, we introduce an image-based lens model that is powerful enough to simulate sophisticated properties of real lens systems, yet fast enough for interactive graphics. By exploiting coherence, common graphics hardware can be used to yield high frame rates.
Psychobiological correlates of improved mental health in patients with musculoskeletal pain after a mindfulness-based pain management program.

OBJECTIVES
Mindfulness-based pain management programs (MBPMs) aim to improve mental and physical health in individuals with chronic pain. In this study, we investigated whether improvement in mental health might require (1) reduction in the sensory pain experience and brain correlates of that experience, and/or (2) improved perceptions of the controllability of pain and corresponding brain activity related to cognitive control and emotional regulation.


METHODS
Twenty-eight patients with chronic pain were assessed and randomized into an intervention group (who attended an 8-wk MBPM) or a control group (treatment-as-usual), before being reassessed after 8 weeks. Outcome measures included clinical pain, perceived control over pain, mental and physical health, and mindfulness. Neural activity was measured during the anticipation and experience of acute experimental pain, using electroencephalography with source reconstruction.


RESULTS
Improvements were found in the MBPM group relative to the control group in mental health, which related to greater perceived control of pain, but not to reductions in clinical or experimental pain ratings. Anticipatory and pain-evoked event-related potentials to acute experimental pain were decreased, but sources of these event-related potentials were estimated to be in regions that modulate emotional responses rather than pain intensity. Mental health and perceived control outcomes correlated with reduced anticipatory deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal and somatosensory cortices.


DISCUSSION
Increased activity in cognitive control regions of the brain during pain anticipation related to improved mental health and perceived control over pain, but not to decreased pain experience. Greater perceived control may therefore result from improved regulation of the emotional response to pain.
Human Barkor and UVRAG could be Functional Orthologs of Yeast Atg

Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3) plays a pleiotropic role in autophagy and protein sorting pathways. The human core complex of PI3KC3 consists of three major components including PI3KC3/hVps34, p150 and Beclin 1. How the specificity of PI3KC3 complex is derived towards autophagy is not clear. Utilizing a sequential affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry approach, we have successfully purified a human Beclin 1 complex and cloned a novel protein we called Barkor (Beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator). The function of Barkor in autophagy has been manifested in several assays, including stress-induced LC3 lipidation, autophagosome formation and Salmonella typhimurium amplification. Mechanistically, Barkor competes with UV radiation resistance associated gene product (UVRAG) for interaction with Beclin 1, and orients Beclin 1 to autophagosomes. Barkor shares considerable sequence homology with Atg14 in yeast, representing an evolutionary conserved autophagy specific regulatory step in early autophagosome formation.
Tweet sentiment: From classification to quantification

Sentiment classification has become a ubiquitous enabling technology in the Twittersphere, since classifying tweets according to the sentiment they convey towards a given entity (be it a product, a person, a political party, or a policy) has many applications in political science, social science, market research, and many others. In this paper we contend that most previous studies dealing with tweet sentiment classification (TSC) use a suboptimal approach. The reason is that the final goal of most such studies is not estimating the class label (e.g., Positive, Negative, or Neutral) of individual tweets, but estimating the relative frequency (a.k.a. "prevalence") of the different classes in the dataset. The latter task is called quantification, and recent research has convincingly shown that it should be tackled as a task of its own, using learning algorithms and evaluation measures different from those used for classification. In this paper we show, on a multiplicity of TSC datasets, that using a quantification-specific algorithm produces substantially better class frequency estimates than a state-of-the-art classification-oriented algorithm routinely used in TSC. We thus argue that researchers interested in tweet sentiment prevalence should switch to quantification-specific (instead of classification-specific) learning algorithms and evaluation measures.
The harmless acute pancreatitis score: a clinical algorithm for rapid initial stratification of nonsevere disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Only severe acute pancreatitis requires treatment, according to the principles of intensive care medicine in an intensive care or intermediate care unit. The aim of the study was to define and evaluate a simple clinical algorithm for rapid initial identification of patients with a first attack of acute pancreatitis who do not require intensive care.


METHODS
This prospective study included 394 patients who were admitted to the Municipal Clinic of Lüneburg, Germany, between 1987 and 2003. From a number of parameters of disease severity on admission, 3 parameters that showed the strongest prediction of a nonsevere course (no rebound tenderness and/or guarding, normal hematocrit level, and normal serum creatinine level) were combined to form the harmless acute pancreatitis score (HAPS). The score then was validated in a German multicenter study including 452 patients between 2004 and 2006.


RESULTS
In both the initial and the validation set, the HAPS correlated with a nonsevere course of the disease (P < .0001). The score correctly identified a harmless course in 200 (98%) of 204 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The HAPS enables identification, within approximately 30 minutes after admission, of patients with acute pancreatitis whose disease will run a mild course. The high level of accuracy of this test (98%) will allow physicians to identify patients quickly who do not require intensive care, and potentially those who will not require inpatient treatment at all. Thus, the HAPS may save substantial hospital costs.