LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Blockchain Technologies: The Foreseeable Impact on Society and Industry

The authors describe blockchain’s fundamental concepts, provide perspectives on its challenges and opportunities, and trace its origins from the Bitcoin digital cash system to recent applications.
Initial growth of pioneer timber tree species in a Taungya system in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica

The temporary association of annual crops in juvenile tree plantations (Taungya system) can reduce or offset the initial costs of reforestation and hence provide incentives for tree planting on private farms. A replicated systematic spacing design, derived from a Nelder-fan design, was used to study the effects of tree-crop distance on growth and development of the timber species salmwood (Cordia alliodora) or eucalyptus (Eucalyptus deglupta), associated with maize (Zea mays) or cassava (Manihot esculenta), during the first year after transplanting the trees on two sites on alluvial soils in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Association with maize did not affect mean tree growth. However, mean eucalyptus and salmwood heights of 7–8 m and 3–4 m, respectively, after one year in pure plantation or associated with maize, were only 4.7 m and 1.4 m, respectively, when associated with cassava. Wider tree – crop spacings were more important for initial salmwood growth than for eucalyptus. It was concluded that the shoot growth characteristics (continuous or episodical growth) of the timber species is a very important consideration when selecting associated agricultural crop species and tree-crop distances.
An Agent-Based Architecture for an Adaptive Human-Robot Interface

This paper describes an innovative agent-based architecture for mixed-initiative interaction between a human and a robot that interacts via a graphical user interface (GUI). Mixed-initiative interaction typically refers to a flexible interaction strategy between a human and a computer to contribute what is best-suited at the most appropriate time [1]. In this paper, we extend this concept to human-robot interaction (HRI). When compared to pure humancomputer interaction, HRIs encounter additional difficulty, as the user must assess the situation at the robot’s remote location via limited sensory feedback. We propose an agent-based adaptive human-robot interface for mixed-initiative interaction to address this challenge. The proposed adaptive user interface (UI) architecture provides a platform for developing various agents that control robots and user interface components (UICs). Such components permit the human and the robot to communicate missionrelevant information.
UCM-2: a Rule-Based Approach to Infer the Scope of Negation via Dependency Parsing

UCM-2 infers the words that are affected by negations by browsing dependency syntactic structures. It first makes use of an algorithm that detects negation cues, like no, not or nothing, and the words affected by them by traversing Minipar dependency structures. Second, the scope of these negation cues is computed by using a post-processing rulebased approach that takes into account the information provided by the first algorithm and simple linguistic clause boundaries. An initial version of the system was developed to handle the annotations of the Bioscope corpus. For the present version, we have changed, omitted or extended the rules and the lexicon of cues (allowing prefix and suffix negation cues, such as impossible or meaningless), to make it suitable for the present task.
Men's knowledge and beliefs about prostate cancer: education, race, and screening status.

OBJECTIVE
African American men die from prostate cancer at higher rates than do White men, a health disparity that may result from differences in knowledge and beliefs about prostate cancer and screening. Studies conflict on whether race or socioeconomic status affects knowledge of prostate cancer and screening. This study compared education, race, and screening status to determine how each factor shapes men's knowledge of prostate cancer and screening.


METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted with 65 African American and White men, aged 40-64 years, with diverse educational backgrounds.


RESULTS
Education, not race or screening status, was associated with knowledge about the prostate gland, prostate cancer symptoms and screening tests, and fear of prostate cancer. The exception was knowledge about the prostate-specific antigen blood test, which was associated with education and screening status.


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that education may be associated with prostate cancer and screening knowledge. Interventions should focus on all men with low education to correct their misconceptions about prostate cancer and to engage them in shared decision-making about screening.
Changes in the anticitrullinated peptide antibody response in relation to therapeutic outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between changes in antibody levels towards citrullinated peptides derived from different candidate autoantigens and therapeutic outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
Baseline and 3-month serum samples from 316 patients with early RA enrolled in the Swedish Farmacotherapy (SWEFOT) trial were analysed for antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP) and citrullinated peptides derived from vimentin (cVim), fibrinogen (cFib) and α-enolase (CEP-1). At 3-month follow-up, methotrexate monotherapy-inadequate responders were randomised to add-on therapy with sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine or infliximab. In these patients, anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) were also assessed at 12 and 24 months. The proportion of antibody-positive patients and relative changes in antibody levels were compared across ACPA specificities and related to therapeutic response and radiographic progression.


RESULTS
During the 2-year follow-up, the proportion of patients testing positive declined significantly regarding antibodies to cVim, cFib and CEP-1, while anti-CCP antibody occurrence remained stable over time. Turning anti-cVim antibody negative was most common, and anti-cVim antibody seroreversion during the first three months associated with significantly less 2-year radiographic progression compared with patients who remained positive. Median antibody levels of all tested ACPAs declined uniformly during initial methotrexate therapy and following response to add-on therapy, with no significant relation to treatment regimen or radiographic progression.


CONCLUSIONS
The influence of early antirheumatic therapy on ACPA seroreversions was markedly different across specificities, and early disappearance of anti-cVim antibodies associated with better radiological outcome. Thus, these data suggest that the disappearance of particular ACPA reactivities may be beneficial in early RA.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
WHO database at the Karolinska institute: CT20080004; and clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00764725.
Two-Stage Priming of Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Phase I Trial

UNLABELLED
Human Natural Killer (NK) cells require at least two signals to trigger tumor cell lysis. Absence of ligands providing either signal 1 or 2 provides NK resistance. We manufactured a lysate of a tumour cell line which provides signal 1 to resting NK cells without signal 2. The tumor-primed NK cells (TpNK) lyse NK resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) blasts expressing signal 2 ligands. We conducted a clinical trial to determine the toxicity of TpNK cell infusions from haploidentical donors. 15 patients with high risk AML were screened, 13 enrolled and 7 patients treated. The remaining 6 either failed to respond to re-induction chemotherapy or the donor refused to undergo peripheral blood apheresis. The conditioning consisted of fludarabine and total body irradiation. This was the first UK trial of a cell therapy regulated as a medicine. The complexity of Good Clinical Practice compliance was underestimated and led to failures requiring retrospective independent data review. The lessons learned are an important aspect of this report. There was no evidence of infusional toxicity. Profound myelosuppression was seen in the majority (median neutrophil recovery day 55). At six months follow-up, three patients treated in Complete Remission (CR) remained in remission, one patient infused in Partial Remission had achieved CR1, two had relapsed and one had died. One year post-treatment one patient remained in CR. Four patients remained in CR after treatment for longer than their most recent previous CR. During the 2 year follow-up six of seven patients died; median overall survival was 400 days post infusion (range 141–910). This is the first clinical trial of an NK therapy in the absence of IL-2 or other cytokine support. The HLA-mismatched NK cells survived and expanded in vivo without on-going host immunosuppression and appeared to exert an anti-leukemia effect in 4/7 patients treated.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN trial registry ISRCTN11950134.
Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review

One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.
The effect of social media on brand loyalty

According to the vision of the society to brand trust and brand loyalty, this study is conducted to "investigate the effective factors on the loyalty to the brand in social media with a case study of Samsung brand". This research is important and necessary because we can obtain predictions and plans by the achieved results for the society and the influence of virtual social media as a non-native technology. Therefore, the focus of this research is on the relationships of customers whom use social media and the effects of these relationships on brand trust and brand loyalty in brand society. In this research, descriptive, correlational and causal –comparative methods are used. And users of social media in Tehran city were considered as statistical population, because this statistical population is infinite, 384 samples were selected by simple random method and were studied by standard questionnaire of Michele Laruch et al (2012). Expert’s approval and Cronbach's alpha coefficient test with value of 0.922 and Splithalf method with the value of 0.920 were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Then, SPSS software, and uni-variate and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to calculate the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and the relationship between them. The obtained results show that social media has positive effects on customer-product, customer-brand, customer-company, customer-other customer’s relationships which in turn has a positive effect on brand trust, and brand trust has positive effects brand loyalty. We have found that brand trust has a quite intermediate role in changing the effects of improved relationships in brand society to brand loyalty. © 2015 Bull. Georg. Natl.Acad. Sci.
Detection of E.coli and Staphylococcus in Milk and Milk Products in and around Pantnagar

The study was designed with the aim to isolate Staphylococcus and E.coli from milk (dairy farm, vendors and house) and milk products (viz; Dahi, Ice cream, Gulabjamun, Burfi, Khoa and Butter). All samples were inoculated on different bacteriological media and various biochemical tests were performed for the confirmation of isolates. The result of the present study revealed that out of 135 samples, 25 samples were found contaminated with Staphylococcus (14) and E.coli (11). The highest rate of contamination was recorded in Burfi (5) while the lowest was recorded in Ice cream (1). These enteropathogenic bacteria may cause problems due to improper handling and processing of milk and milk products. These organisms are significant from public health point of view as they have been associated with the onset of food poisoning in human beings.
HD-CNN: Hierarchical Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Image Classification

Improve classification accuracy of deep CNNs using hierarchical classification scheme.  Group classes based on confusion matrix.  Use networks of identical topology at various levels.
A Novel Precoding Method for Joint Processing in CoMP

Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP) transmission is considered as one of candidate technologies for LTE-Advanced. CoMP improves average cell-edge user throughput as well as cell throughput and ensures the fairness of all uses. There are two categories in CoMP, Joint Processing (JP) and Coordinated Scheduling/Beam forming(CS/CB). In this paper, a novel precoding schemes based on Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) was proposed for JP. The proposed scheme aimed to minimize the error probability of the overall system by nonlinear processing and jointly ordered channels decomposition in the base stations. Simulation results show that this scheme has a significant gain over existing schemes in terms of system error rate.
Algorithms for continuous queries: A geometric approach

Algorithms for Continuous Queries: A Geometric
Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Insomnia is a prevalent problem with a high burden of disease (e.g. reduced quality of life, reduced work capacity) and a high co-morbidity with other mental and somatic disorders. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment of insomnia but is seldom offered. CBT delivered through the Internet might be a more accessible alternative. In this study we examined the effectiveness of a guided Internet-delivered CBT for adults with insomnia using a randomized controlled trial (RCT).


METHOD
A total of 118 patients, recruited from the general population, were randomized to the 6-week guided Internet intervention (n = 59) or to a wait-list control group (n = 59). Patients filled out an online questionnaire and a 7-day sleep diary before (T0) and after (T1) the 6-week period. The intervention group received a follow-up questionnaire 3 months after baseline (T2).


RESULTS
Almost three-quarters (72.9%) of the patients completed the whole intervention. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that the treatment had statistically significant medium to large effects (p < 0.05; Cohen's d between 0.40 and 1.06), and resulted more often in clinically relevant changes, on all sleep and secondary outcomes with the exception of sleep onset latency (SOL) and number of awakenings (NA). There was a non-significant difference in the reduction in sleep medication between the intervention (a decrease of 6.8%) and control (an increase of 1.8%) groups (p = 0.20). Data on longer-term effects were inconclusive.


CONCLUSIONS
This study adds to the growing body of literature that indicates that guided CBT for insomnia can be delivered through the Internet. Patients accept the format and their sleep improves.
Changes in the activity and protein levels of CSF acetylcholinesterases in relation to cognitive function of patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease following chronic donepezil treatment

Objectives. To evaluate long-term changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in CSF and blood following donepezil treatment in relation to the concentration of donepezil and cognition in AD patients. Methods. CSF or blood (or both) samples of a total of 104 patients with mild AD were used [MMSE score 23 ± 0.4; age 75 ± 1 years (mean ± SEM); n = 53 for CSF and n = 51 for plasma/red blood cell (RBC) samples]. The patients were treated with 5 or 10 mg/day donepezil and clinically followed for 2 years. The CSF and RBC AChE activities were measured by the Ellman’s direct colorimetric assay. Protein levels of two variants of AChE (“read-through” AChE-R and synaptic AChE-S) were determined by an ELISA-like method. Results. The plasma donepezil concentration was dose-dependent (between 30 and 60 ng/mL in the 5-mg and 10-mg group, respectively). The CSF donepezil concentration was 10 times lower than the plasma level and showed dose- and time-dependent kinetics. The RBC AChE inhibition was moderate (19–29%). CSF AChE-S inhibition was estimated to 30–40% in the 5-mg and 45–55% in the 10-mg group. Positive correlations were observed between the CSF AChE inhibition, an increased protein level of the AChE-R variant and MMSE examination. Patients with high AChE inhibition (≥45%) showed a stabilized MMSE test result after up to two years, while a significant decline was observed in AD patients with lower AChE inhibition (≤30%). Conclusions. An increase in the protein level of the AChE-R variant corresponded to a high AChE inhibition in CSF and favored less cognitive deterioration.
An innovative algorithm for key frame extraction in video summarization

Video summarization, aimed at reducing the amount of data that must be examined in order to retrieve the information desired from information in a video, is an essential task in video analysis and indexing applications. We propose an innovative approach for the selection of representative (key) frames of a video sequence for video summarization. By analyzing the differences between two consecutive frames of a video sequence, the algorithm determines the complexity of the sequence in terms of changes in the visual content expressed by different frame descriptors. The algorithm, which escapes the complexity of existing methods based, for example, on clustering or optimization strategies, dynamically and rapidly selects a variable number of key frames within each sequence. The key frames are extracted by detecting curvature points within the curve of the cumulative frame differences. Another advantage is that it can extract the key frames on the fly: curvature points can be determined while computing the frame differences and the key frames can be extracted as soon as a second high curvature point has been detected. We compare the performance of this algorithm with that of other key frame extraction algorithms based on different approaches. The summaries obtained have been objectively evaluated by three quality measures: the Fidelity measure, the Shot Reconstruction Degree measure and the Compression Ratio measure.
1 THEORY AND EVIDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Timothy J. Brailsford a Barry R. Oliver a Sandra L. H. Pua a a Department of Commerce, Australian National University, ACT, Australia 0200 ________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Agency theory embeds the influential relationship that exist between managers and shareholders of firms. This relationship has the potential to influence decision-making in the firm which in turn has potential impacts on firm characteristics such as firm value. Prior evidence has demonstrated an association between ownership structure and firm value. This paper extends the literature by proposing a further link between ownership structure and capital structure. Using an agency framework we argue that the distribution of equity ownership among corporate managers and external blockholders has a significant relationship with leverage. The paper tests four hypotheses that explore various aspects of this relationship. The empirical results provide support for a positive relationship between external blockholders and leverage, a curvilinear relationship between the level of managerial share ownership and leverage and finally, the results suggest that the relationship between external block ownership and leverage varies across the level of managerial share ownership. These results parallel and are consistent with the “active monitoring hypothesis”, “convergence-of-interests” and the “entrenchment” hypotheses which have been proposed in a different context.
Right hemispheric self-awareness: A critical assessment

In this commentary I evaluate the claim made by that since self-recognition results from right hemispheric activity, self-awareness too is likely to be produced by the activity of the same hemisphere. This reasoning is based on the assumption that self-recognition represents a valid operationalization of self-awareness; I present two views that challenge this rationale. Keenan et al. also support their claim with published evidence relating brain activity and self-awareness; I closely examine their analysis of one specific review of literature and conclude that it appears to be biased. Finally, recent research suggests that inner speech (which is associated with left hemispheric activity) is linked to self-awareness-an observation that further casts doubt on the existence of a right hemispheric self-awareness.
The employment interview: A review of current studies and directions for future research

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The employment interview continues to be a prevalent device used by organizations and a popular topic of study among researchers. In fact, over 100 new articles have been published since Beyond employment interview validity: A comprehensive narrative review of recent research and trends over time. Personnel Psychology, 55, 1–81] review that are selectively examined and critiqued. During this timeframe, three main areas that have received considerable research attention are discussed: (1) understanding why " structured " interviews predict, (2) examining the constructs interviews may measure, and (3) investigating the applicant and interview factors that may affect the interview process. Despite advances made in our knowledge of employment interviews, numerous ideas for future research are advanced. Three key areas that deserve immediate research attention are: (1) establishing a common model and measurement of interview structure, (2) focusing on what constructs could be or are best measured, and (3) formulating consistent definitions, labeling and measurement of applicant factors. In this way, employment interview research can be advanced. Employment interviews are a popular selection technique from many viewpoints. In organizations around the world, employment interviews continue to be one of the most frequently used methods to assess candidates for employment (Ryan, In fact, from an applicant's perspective, obtaining a job interview is fundamental to job search success (Saks, 2006). The employment interview has also been a popular topic among researchers for almost 100 years and is still garnering considerable research interest. Notably, numerous meta-analyses have revealed that " structured " interviews can display relatively high levels of validity without the adverse impact typically found with cognitive ability tests While we have learned much about the employment interview, current research activity suggests that more remains to be uncovered. In the last six years since Posthuma, Morgeson and Campion's (2002) comprehensive review of the employment interview literature, over 100 new articles have appeared in journals and books examining the interview.