LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An online secretary framework for fog network formation with minimal latency

Fog computing is seen as a promising approach to perform distributed, low-latency computation for supporting Internet of Things applications. However, due to the unpredictable arrival of available neighboring fog nodes, the dynamic formation of a fog network can be challenging. In essence, a given fog node must smartly select the set of neighboring fog nodes that can provide low-latency computations. In this paper, this problem of fog network formation and task distribution is studied considering a hybrid cloud-fog architecture. The goal of the proposed framework is to minimize the maximum computational latency by enabling a given fog node to form a suitable fog network, under uncertainty on the arrival process of neighboring fog nodes. To solve this problem, a novel approach based on the online secretary framework is proposed. To find the desired set of neighboring fog nodes, an online algorithm is developed to enable a task initiating fog node to decide on which other nodes can be used as part of its fog network, to offload computational tasks, without knowing any prior information on the future arrivals of those other nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed online algorithm can successfully select an optimal set of neighboring fog nodes while achieving a latency that is as small as the one resulting from an ideal, offline scheme that has complete knowledge of the system. The results also show how, using the proposed approach, the computational tasks can be properly distributed between the fog network and a remote cloud server.
Battle of the Books: The Curriculum Debate in America

Does it matter which books college students read? Indeed it does, contends the author. Atlas presents a trenchant assessment of America at its educational crossroads, and asserts that whatr in shaping Buyer's Choice
Quark confinement: the hard problem of hadron physics

We give a brief overview of the problem of quark confinement in hadronic physics and outline a few of the suggested explanations of the confining force.
Are Slime Moulds Living Memristors?

In laboratory experiments we demonstrate that protoplasmic tubes of acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum show current versus voltage profiles consistent with memristive systems. This result complements previous findings on memristive properties of other living systems (human skin and blood and leaves) and contributes to development of self-growing bioelectronic circuits.
Human-level intelligence or animal-like abilities?

What just happened in artificial intelligence and how it is being misunderstood.
Assessment of Swallowing Function Impairment in Patients with Benign Goiters and Impact of Thyroidectomy: A Case Control Study

Swallowing-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with benign thyroid goiters is not much studied. The aim of this study was to assess swallowing function impairment in patients with benign goiters, compare it to a control population, and also find the impact of thyroidectomy and various factors on the outcome of swallowing function. We performed a prospective case–control study from September 2009 to September 2011 which consisted of 124 patients who were to undergo primary thyroid surgery and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. A translated and validated modified swallowing quality-of-life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire was used to assess patients’ perception of dysphagia. Presurgery scores of patients and controls and pre- and postsurgery scores (>6 months after surgery) of patients were compared. The mean age of males and females in the control and patient groups were 37.7 vs. 39.5 years and 37.4 vs. 39.8 years, respectively. Twelve patients (9.7%) complained of dysphasia at presentation. Sixty-three patients (50.8%) underwent total thyroidectomy and 61 (49.2%) had hemithyroidectomy at the time of initial evaluation, 75, 23.4, and 1.6% of patients were euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid, respectively. Presurgery scores of patients in all of the 11 domains of the SWAL-QOL were lower compared to those of controls. Comparing separately with the matched controls, females had significant differences in nine domains (except for sleep and fatigue) of the SWAL-QOL questionnaire but males did not. Postoperatively, both male and female patients showed significant improvement in the scores of all the domains. Female gender, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodularity, retrosternal extension, procedure, and weight of the resected specimen were the factors associated with significant improvement in various domains. Dysphagia seems to be an underestimated problem in patients with benign goiters. Uncomplicated thyroidectomy results in significant improvement in swallowing-related QoL irrespective of patient profile and extent of thyroidectomy.
Narcissism on Facebook : Self-promotional and anti-social behavior

0191-8869/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.011 ⇑ Tel.: +1 309 298 1622; fax: +1 309 298 2369. E-mail address: cj-carpenter2@wiu.edu A survey (N = 292) was conducted that measured self-promoting Facebook behaviors (e.g. posting status updates and photos of oneself, updating profile information) and several anti-social behaviors (e.g. seeking social support more than one provides it, getting angry when people do not comment on one’s status updates, retaliating against negative comments). The grandiose exhibitionism subscale of the narcissistic personality inventory was hypothesized to predict the self-promoting behaviors. The entitlement/exploitativeness subscale was hypothesized to predict the anti-social behaviors. Results were largely consistent with the hypothesis for the self-promoting behaviors but mixed concerning the anti-social behaviors. Trait self-esteem was also related in the opposite manner as the Narcissism scales to some Facebook behaviors. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Study on Sarcasm Detection Algorithms

Sarcasm detection refers to the identification of the use of sarcasma humorous literary device in text. The use of sarcasm can be misleading and often hinders accurate comprehension of sentences. This paper aims at presenting the challenges in detection and ideas inculcated in existing literature to overcome these challenges. This study reveals that sarcasm detection is an entity of ongoing research and that more novel techniques are required to improve its efficiency. INTRODUCTION According to Cambridge’s dictionary, the term “sarcasm” means the use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize someone/something in a humorous way. Sarcasm detection is the process of identifying whether a given piece of text is to be comprehended using its literal meaning, or as its opposite meaning. If a piece of text is to be comprehended opposite to its literal meaning, then it contains sarcasm. CHALLENGES FACED Natural Language Processing systems such as Online customer review summarization systems, dialogue systems or monitoring systems for brands face difficulty in identifying sarcasm. Typical Sentimental Analysis Systems do not support sarcasm detection. The results obtained from Sentimental analysis may provide a result opposite to what was intended. This adversely affects businesses employing this technology. Datasets used to perform sarcasm detection are usually derived from online review sites, social media posts and comments and micro-blogging sites. The structure of these sentences isn’t clearly defined, and they are short in nature, thus leading to ambiguity. Apart from these issues, there exist certain specific challenges in sarcasm detection as follows. •The datasets used for the detection process pose a problem due to the ambiguity and unnecessary plethora of details mentioned in the text. It is quite tough to extract useful information from the huge volumes of crude data. • It is an easier task to detect whether a person is using sarcasm in speech. The use of sarcasm can be detected from the tone of speech, body language and facial expressions. However, identifying sarcasm from a piece of text poses certain difficulties for many Natural Language Processing Systems.. • Sarcasm detection demands certain prerequisites such as being well informed regarding the current issues and trends. e.g. “Yet, another mind boggling performance by the Australian cricket team in England.” • Sarcasm detection, at times, requires the use of common sensical knowledge • Sometimes sarcasm uses the hyperbole. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration i.e. use of words belonging to superlative degree. Eg. “They ran like greased lightning.”
Effect of endotracheal suction on lung dynamics in mechanically-ventilated paediatric patients.

Endotracheal suctioning is performed regularly in ventilated infants and children to remove obstructive secretions. The effect of suctioning on respiratory mechanics is not known. This study aimed to determine the immediate effect of endotracheal suctioning on dynamic lung compliance, tidal volume, and airway resistance in mechanically-ventilated paediatric patients by means of a prospective observational clinical study. Lung mechanics were recorded for five minutes before and five minutes after a standardised suctioning procedure in 78 patients intubated with endotracheal tubes < or = 4.0 mm internal diameter. Twenty-four patients with endotracheal tube leaks > or = 20% were excluded from analysis. There was a significant overall decrease in dynamic compliance (p < 0.001) and mechanical expired tidal volume (p = 0.03) following suctioning with no change in the percentage endotracheal tube leak (p = 0.41). The change in dynamic compliance was directly related to both endotracheal tube and catheter sizes. There was no significant change in expiratory or inspiratory airway resistance following suctioning (p > 0.05). Although the majority of patients (68.5%) experienced a drop in dynamic compliance following suctioning, dynamic compliance increased in 31.5% of patients after the procedure. This study demonstrates that endotracheal suctioning frequently causes an immediate drop in dynamic compliance and expired tidal volume in ventilated children with variable lung pathology, intubated with small endotracheal tubes, probably indicating loss of lung volume caused by the suctioning procedure. There is no evidence that suctioning reduces airway resistance.
Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: a strategic plan for research on mental illness.

CONTEXT
Research has transformed many areas of medicine, with profound effects on morbidity and mortality. Exciting advances in neuroscience and genomics have transformed research but have not yet been translated to public health impact in psychiatry. Current treatments are necessary but not sufficient for most patients.


OBJECTIVES
To improve outcomes we will need to (1) identify the neural circuitry of mental disorders, (2) detect the earliest manifestations of risk or illness even before cognition or behavior appear abnormal, (3) personalize care based on individual responses, and (4) implement broader use of effective psychosocial interventions.


RESULTS
To address these objectives, NIMH, working with its many stakeholders, developed a strategic plan for research. The plan calls for research that will (1) define the pathophysiology of disorders from genes to behavior, (2) map the trajectory of illness to determine when, where, and how to intervene to preempt disability, (3) develop new interventions based on a personalized approach to the diverse needs and circumstances of people with mental illnesses, and (4) strengthen the public health impact of NIMH-supported research by focusing on dissemination science and disparities in care.


CONCLUSIONS
The NIMH is shifting its funding priorities to close the gap between basic biological knowledge and effective mental health care, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure.
Visual SLAM for autonomous ground vehicles

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and Visual SLAM (V-SLAM) in particular have been an active area of research lately. In V-SLAM the main focus is most often laid on the localization part of the problem allowing for a drift free motion estimate. To this end, a sparse set of landmarks is tracked and their position is estimated. However, this set of landmarks (rendering the map) is often too sparse for tasks in autonomous driving such as navigation, path planning, obstacle avoidance etc. Some methods keep the raw measurements for past robot poses to address the sparsity problem often resulting in a pose only SLAM akin to laser scanner SLAM. For the stereo case, this is however impractical due to the high noise of stereo reconstructed point clouds. In this paper we propose a dense stereo V-SLAM algorithm that estimates a dense 3D map representation which is more accurate than raw stereo measurements. Thereto, we run a sparse V-SLAM system, take the resulting pose estimates to compute a locally dense representation from dense stereo correspondences. This dense representation is expressed in local coordinate systems which are tracked as part of the SLAM estimate. This allows the dense part to be continuously updated. Our system is driven by visual odometry priors to achieve high robustness when tracking landmarks. Moreover, the sparse part of the SLAM system uses recently published sub mapping techniques to achieve constant runtime complexity most of the time. The improved accuracy over raw stereo measurements is shown in a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of our method by presenting outdoor experiments of a car like robot.
Long-term outcomes of proximal row carpectomy: a minimum of 15-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION
Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a popular procedure for the treatment of wrist arthritis; however, the long-term clinical outcomes of this procedure are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term results with PRC and to identify factors that may improve clinical outcomes.


METHODS
A retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent proximal row carpectomy between January 1967 and January 1992. Medical records and available radiographs were reviewed. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and Patient Rated Wrist Exam, as well as hand motion diagrams were sent to all surviving patients. The contralateral extremity was used as a control. Data was analyzed using multivariant analysis and a Student's t test.


RESULTS
Eighty-one patients underwent PRC. Average age at the time of surgery was 41 years. Average follow-up was 19.8 years. Sixty-one patients responded to the questionnaires. On final follow-up, wrist motion and grip strength were not significantly different from preoperative values. Radiographic follow-up beyond 2 years revealed joint narrowing and arthritic changes within the radiocapitate joint. Forty-six patients (74%) were not satisfied with the results of their surgery due to persistent pain or inability to return to previous occupational activities. Fifty-two patients required daily pain medication for wrist pain. Twelve patients had undergone a wrist arthrodesis.


CONCLUSIONS
Post-operative motion and grip strength values following PRC appear to remain stable over time. Surgical failure rates with conversion to wrist fusion occurred early within the post-operative follow-up. Many patients continued to complain of pain requiring daily medication and were unable to return to manual labor type jobs. The results of this study suggest that long-term patient satisfaction following PRC can be poor and the surgeon may wish to consider alternative treatment options for younger patients and those with high-demand jobs.
Collaborative Multi-Robot Exploration

In this paper we consider the problem of exploring an unknown environment by a team of robots. As in single-robot exploration the goal is to minimize the overall exploration time. The key problem to be solved therefore is to choose appropriate target points for the individual robots so that they simultaneously explore different regions of their environment. We present a probabilistic approach for the coordination of multiple robots which, in contrast to previous approaches, simultaneously takes into account the costs of reaching a target point and the utility of target points. The utility of target points is given by the size of the unexplored area that a robot can cover with its sensors upon reaching a target position. Whenever a target point is assigned to a specific robot, the utility of the unexplored area visible from this target position is reduced for the other robots. This way, a team of multiple robots assigns different target points to the individual robots. The technique has been implemented and tested extensively in real-world experiments and simulation runs. The results given in this paper demonstrate that our coordination technique significantly reduces the exploration time compared to previous approaches. '
Multiple signature processing-based fault detection schemes for broken rotor bar in induction motors

The existence of broken rotor bars in induction motors can be detected by monitoring any abnormality of the spectrum amplitudes at certain frequencies in the motor current spectrum. It has been shown that these broken rotor bar-specific frequencies are settled around the fundamental stator current frequency and are termed lower and upper sideband components. Broken rotor bar fault detection schemes should depend on multiple signatures in order to overcome or reduce the effect of any misinterpretation of the signatures that are obscured by factors such as measurement noises and different load conditions. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) provides an appropriate environment to develop such fault detection schemes because of its multi-input processing capabilities. The focus of this paper is to provide a new fault detection methodology for broken rotor bar fault detection and diagnostics in terms of its multiple signature processing feature and the motor operation partitioning concept to improve the overall detection performance. This paper describes two fault detection schemes within this methodology, and demonstrates that multiple signature processing is more efficient than single signature processing. The first scheme, which will be named the "monolith scheme," is based on a single large-scale MDA unit representing the complete operating load torque region of the motor, while the second scheme, which will be named the "partition scheme," consists of many small-scale MDA units, each unit representing a particular load torque operating region.
Ecosystem Carbon Stocks of Micronesian Mangrove Forests

Among the least studied ecosystem services of mangroves is their value as global carbon (C) stocks. This is significant as mangroves are subject to rapid rates of deforestation and therefore could be significant sources of atmospheric emissions. Mangroves could be key ecosystems in strategies addressing the mitigation of climate change though reduced deforestation. We quantified ecosystem C stocks at the seaward, interior, and upland edges of mangroves in the Republic of Palau and Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. The relatively high aboveground biomass coupled with carbon-rich soils resulted in the presence of large ecosystem carbon stocks compared to other tropical forests. Ecosystem C storage at the Palau site ranged from 479 Mg/ha in the seaward zone to 1,068 Mg/ha in the landward zone; in the Yap site C storage ranged from 853 to 1,385 Mg/ha along this gradient. Soils contained ~70% of the ecosystem C stocks. The elevation range of mangroves was <146 cm, suggesting that projected sea-level rise can influence a large portion of existing stands. Declines in ecosystem carbon stocks will be pronounced if mangroves are replaced by communities adapted to greater inundation such as seagrass communities, where C pools were ≤7% of that of mangroves (48 Mg C/ha).
Differences Between Reading Skills and Reading Strategies

© 2008 International Reading Association DOI:10.1598/RT.61.5.1 ISSN: 0034-0561 print / 1936-2714 online Helping children learn to read is a deeply rewarding experience for parents and teachers who take pride as their children acquire effective reading skills and reading strategies. The terms skills and strategies are part of the vocabulary used by teachers to describe what they teach and what children learn. Yet, despite frequent use in professional discourse, the terms are used inconsistently. Sometimes skills and strategies are used as synonyms, and sometimes they are used to describe complementary relations (e.g., strategies support skills) or a notion of developmental progressions (e.g., first the phonics skills then the comprehension strategies). Policy makers, curriculum developers, administrators, and test makers include the terms when discussing reading programs, tests, goals, and policies, but they rarely define or distinguish the terms. Resolving the confusion is important because how we conceptualize and define reading skills and reading strategies has important implications for reading practices and reading policies. The importance of learning to read has stimulated considerable debates—theoretical, practical, and political—about which teaching methods and materials are effective. During the past 10 years, the debates have become more strident as calls for school acClarifying Differences Between Reading Skills and Reading Strategies
PAST: scalable ethernet for data centers

We present PAST, a novel network architecture for data center Ethernet networks that implements a Per-Address Spanning Tree routing algorithm. PAST preserves Ethernet's self-configuration and mobility support while increasing its scalability and usable bandwidth. PAST is explicitly designed to accommodate unmodified commodity hosts and Ethernet switch chips. Surprisingly, we find that PAST can achieve performance comparable to or greater than Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) forwarding, which is currently limited to layer-3 IP networks, without any multipath hardware support. In other words, the hardware and firmware changes proposed by emerging standards like TRILL are not required for high-performance, scalable Ethernet networks. We evaluate PAST on Fat Tree, HyperX, and Jellyfish topologies, and show that it is able to capitalize on the advantages each offers. We also describe an OpenFlow-based implementation of PAST in detail.
Application of SMES Unit to Improve DFIG Power Dispatch and Dynamic Performance During Intermittent Misfire and Fire-Through Faults

The number of wind turbines connected to power grids has significantly increased during the last decade. This is mainly due to the convincing revolution in power electronic technology and the growing concern about greenhouse effect that is intensified due to the burning of fossil fuels. Variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) such as doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are dominating the wind energy market due to their superior advantages over fixed-speed-based WECS which include more captured energy, less mechanical stress, and acoustical noise. DFIG is interfaced to the ac network through the grid-side voltage source converter (VSC) and rotor-side VSC to enable the variable-speed operation of the wind turbine and to provide reactive power support to the ac grid during disturbance events. Converter switching malfunction such as misfire and fire-through may influence the power dispatch capability of the DFIG. In this paper, a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is utilized to improve the power dispatch and dynamic performance of DFIG-based WECS during internal converter switching malfunctions such as misfire and fire-through faults. Simulation results without and with SMES connected to the system are presented, compared, and analyzed.