LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Composition , Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Four Lamiaceae Herbs

The composition of the essential oils of fresh aerial parts of marjoram (Majorana hortensis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) herbs were determined by GC-MS. The main identified oils constituents were -terpinene (19.77%), sabinene hydrate (17.56%), terpinen-4-ol (14.96%), -terpinene (13.25%) and sabinene (12.35%) in M. hortensis; menthone (36.58%) and neo-menthol (40.47%) in M. piperita; carvone (42.84%) and carveol (34.98%) in M. spicata and 1,8cineol (21.55%), -pinene (17.77%) and camphor (15.38%) in R. officinalis. The 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils while the Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic equivalent. Peppermint oil has the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 59.19 g mL) and the most total phenolics. The lowest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by marjoram oil (IC50 = 65.352 g mL). Moreover, the radical scavenging activity of the four essential oils was much lower than that observed for the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ (IC50 = 29.81 g mL). The four Lamiaceae oils can be potential sources of natural antioxidant agents in particular, peppermint and rosemary oils, which have the highest total phenolic equivalent (0.163, 0.128 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 μl essential oil, respectively). _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bone Fraction Detection using Image Segmentation

The fracture can occur in any bone of our body like wrist, ankle, hip, rib, leg, chest etc. The Fracture cannot detect easily by the naked eye, so it is seen in the x-ray images. This Paper represents the fracture detection of the bone x-ray images by using the segmentation, Fuzzy c-means, and Multilevel wavelet algorithms. Bone Fracture detection has become a research area in the medical imaging system. An efficient algorithm is proposed for bone fracture based on thresholding and fuzzy cmean segmentation and morphological operators. In the base paper [1], the fractured portion is selected manually to overcome this drawback, the proposed method detect the bone fracture automatically. The result shows that the proposed method of fracture detection is better. The results show that algorithm is 89.6% accurate and efficient.
Factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in colorectal cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND
Up to 37% of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors report depressive and anxiety symptoms. The identification of risk factors for depressive or anxiety symptoms might help focus supportive care resources on those patients most in need. The present study aims to explore which factors are associated with heightened anxiety or depression symptom severity.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, individuals diagnosed with CRC 3.5 to 6 years ago completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, medical comorbidities, anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology). The general linear model analysis of covariance was used to identify factors associated with heightened anxiety or depressive symptom severity.


RESULTS
The sample included 91 CRC survivors, 40.7% women, mean age 69.1 years. A minority of CRC survivors had moderate (3.4%) or severe (2.3%) anxiety symptoms, and moderate (7.7%) or severe (0%) depressive symptoms. Shorter time since diagnosis and higher number of comorbid diseases were associated with higher anxiety symptom severity. Female sex and higher number of comorbid diseases were associated with higher depressive symptom severity.


CONCLUSION
From this explorative study, it follows that survivors with multiple comorbid diseases, shorter time since diagnosis, and female survivors might be at risk for higher anxiety and/or depressive symptom severity. Survivors with these characteristics might need extra monitoring.
Incidence of Defibrillator Shocks After Elective Generator Exchange Following Uneventful First Battery Life

BACKGROUND
A significant number of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients do not experience shocks after ICD implant. Elective generator exchange (GE) has been associated with increased risk of infection and ICD lead failure. There is a paucity of contemporary data reporting on shock incidence with replacement devices.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients undergoing elective GE (n=24 203) who transmit data remotely via a remote monitoring system were analyzed to determine the incidence of ICD shocks after GE. A total of 16 230 patients (67%) did not experience a shock with the first ICD (group A), and 7973 (33%) received at least 1 shock (group B). Patients in group A were older (71.3 versus 68.8 years, P<0.001) and more often female (71% versus 77% male, P<0.001). Over an average follow-up of 1.9±1.2 years after GE, the proportion of patients with shocks and risk of ICD shocks was lower for those who did not receive a shock during the first battery life (group A: 9.9% versus 27.7%, hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.38, P<0.001). The cumulative rate of ICD shocks at 5 years after GE was 25.7% in group A and 51.1% in group B.


CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort of ICD patients implanted across the United States, two thirds did not receive ICD shock therapy prior to GE. The occurrence of ICD shocks prior to GE is an important predictor of shocks after GE; however, even among those without shocks during first battery life, the incidence of shocks at 5 years following GE is >25%. These data should support informed decision making for patients and physicians at the time of ICD generator end of service.
Bio-collections in autism research

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse clinical manifestations and symptoms. In the last 10 years, there have been significant advances in understanding the genetic basis for ASD, critically supported through the establishment of ASD bio-collections and application in research. Here, we summarise a selection of major ASD bio-collections and their associated findings. Collectively, these include mapping ASD candidate genes, assessing the nature and frequency of gene mutations and their association with ASD clinical subgroups, insights into related molecular pathways such as the synapses, chromatin remodelling, transcription and ASD-related brain regions. We also briefly review emerging studies on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to potentially model ASD in culture. These provide deeper insight into ASD progression during development and could generate human cell models for drug screening. Finally, we provide perspectives concerning the utilities of ASD bio-collections and limitations, and highlight considerations in setting up a new bio-collection for ASD research.
Impact of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against prostate specific antigen screening on prostate biopsy and cancer detection rates.

PURPOSE
We determined if the USPSTF recommendation against prostate specific antigen screening was associated with a change in biopsy and cancer detection rates.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a time series analysis (October 2008 to June 2013) of prostate biopsies performed at University Health Network (Toronto). Biopsies for active surveillance or solely targeting magnetic resonance imaging detected lesions were excluded from study. Interventional ARIMA models with step functions were used to examine changes in the number of biopsies performed and cancers detected per month. Low risk prostate cancer was defined as no Gleason pattern 4 or greater, 3 or fewer cores involved, or 1/3 or less of the total number of cores involved, and no core with greater than 50% cancer involvement. Intermediate to high grade prostate cancer was defined as Gleason 7-10.


RESULTS
A total of 3,408 biopsies were performed and 1,601 (47.0%) prostate cancers were detected (low risk prostate cancer 563 [16.5%], intermediate to high grade prostate cancer 914 [26.8%]). The median number of biopsies per month decreased from 58.0 (IQR 54.5-63.0) before the recommendations to 35.5 (IQR 27.0-41.0) afterward (p=0.003), while the median number of patients undergoing first-time biopsy decreased from 42.5 (IQR 37.5-45.5) to 24.0 (IQR 19.0-32.5, p=0.025). The median number of low risk prostate cancers detected per month decreased from 8.5 (IQR 6.5-10.5) to 5.5 (IQR 4.0-7.0, p=0.012), while the median number of intermediate to high grade prostate cancers per month decreased from 17.5 (IQR 14.5-21.5) to 10.0 (IQR 9.0-12.0, p <0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
After the USPSTF recommendation the number of biopsies performed (total and first-time), based on referrals from our catchment area, has decreased. This is likely due to decreased use of prostate specific antigen screening. Although it is encouraging that fewer low risk prostate cancers are being diagnosed, the sudden decrease in the detection rate of Gleason 7-10 prostate cancers is concerning.
TrueTop: A Sybil-Resilient System for User Influence Measurement on Twitter

Influential users have great potential for accelerating information dissemination and acquisition on Twitter. How to measure the influence of Twitter users has attracted significant academic and industrial attention. Existing influence measurement techniques are vulnerable to sybil users that are thriving on Twitter. Although sybil defenses for online social networks have been extensively investigated, they commonly assume unique mappings from human-established trust relationships to online social associations and thus do not apply to Twitter where users can freely follow each other. This paper presents TrueTop, the first sybil-resilient system to measure the influence of Twitter users. TrueTop is rooted in two observations from real Twitter datasets. First, although non-sybil users may incautiously follow strangers, they tend to be more careful and selective in retweeting, replying to, and mentioning other users. Second, influential users usually get much more retweets, replies, and mentions than non-influential users. Detailed theoretical studies and synthetic simulations show that TrueTop can generate very accurate influence measurement results with strong resilience to sybil attacks.
Phase II study of bendamustine in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

PURPOSE
Limited data exist regarding the activity of bendamustine in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of bendamustine in relapsed and refractory HL.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with relapsed and refractory HL who were ineligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), or for whom this treatment failed, received bendamustine 120 mg/m(2) as a 30-minute infusion on days 1 and 2 every 28 days with growth factor support. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). A secondary end point was referral rate to allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) for patients deemed eligible for alloSCT at the time of enrollment.


RESULTS
Of the 36 patients enrolled, 34 were evaluable for response. Patients had received a median of four prior treatments, and 75% had relapsed after ASCT. The ORR by intent-to-treat analysis was 53%, including 12 complete responses (33%) and seven partial responses (19%). The response rate among evaluable patients was 56%. Responses were seen in patients with prior refractory disease, prior ASCT, and prior alloSCT; however, no responses were seen in patients who relapsed within 3 months of ASCT. The median response duration was 5 months. Five patients (20% of those eligible) proceeded to alloSCT after treatment with bendamustine. Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were infrequent and most commonly included thrombocytopenia (20%), anemia (14%), and infection (14%).


CONCLUSION
This study confirms the efficacy of bendamustine in heavily pretreated patients with HL. These results support current and future studies evaluating bendamustine combinations in relapsed and refractory HL.
Property Rights Theory , Transaction Costs Theory , and Agency Theory : An Organizational Economics Approach to Strategic Management

Property rights theory has common antecedents with contractual theories of the firm such as transaction costs and agency theories, and is yet distinct from these theories. We illustrate fundamental theoretical principles derived from these three theories by analyzing the business case of oil field unitization. Theoretical principles and application of theory to oil field unitization are each summarized. From this, it is possible to see how property rights theory is well suited to explain business situations where inefficient economic outcomes persist. Additionally, property rights theory forges new theoretical connections with other branches of organizational economics, in particular, resource-based theory. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Empirical Analysis of Build Failures in the Continuous Integration Workflows of Java-Based Open-Source Software

Continuous Integration (CI) has become a common practice in both industrial and open-source software development. While CI has evidently improved aspects of the software development process, errors during CI builds pose a threat to development efficiency. As an increasing amount of time goes into fixing such errors, failing builds can significantly impair the development process and become very costly. We perform an indepth analysis of build failures in CI environments. Our approach links repository commits to data of corresponding CI builds. Using data from 14 open-source Java projects, we first identify 14 common error categories. Besides test failures, which are by far the most common error category (up to >80% per project), we also identify noisy build data, e.g., induced by transient Git interaction errors, or general infrastructure flakiness. Second, we analyze which factors impact the build results, taking into account general process and specific CI metrics. Our results indicate that process metrics have a significant impact on the build outcome in 8 of the 14 projects on average, but the strongest influencing factor across all projects is overall stability in the recent build history. For 10 projects, more than 50% (up to 80%) of all failed builds follow a previous build failure. Moreover, the fail ratio of the last k=10 builds has a significant impact on build results for all projects in our dataset.
TAXES AND GROWTH: TESTING THE NEOCLASSICAL AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODELS

Changes in the tax rate alter real growth permanently in an endogenous growth model, but only temporarily in a neoclassical model, where the only permanent effect is a decrease in the steady-state level of output per capita. Using data from the 1960-1992 period for a panel of 11 OECD economies, the paper's empirical results support the following conclusions. First, consistent with the tax smoothing hypothesis, tax rates have exhibited significant persistent changes, while output growth rates have not. Second, a higher tax rate permanently reduces the level of output but has no permanent effects on the output growth rate. These findings are inconsistent with endogenous growth mechanisms, and suggest that the relationship between output and the tax rate is best described by the neoclassical growth model. JEL classification: E62, O41.
The impact of corporate governance on Internet financial reporting

This study investigates the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on Internet financial reporting (IFR) behavior. We rely upon agency theory to predict an association between the extent of a firm’s Internet disclosure behavior and its corporate governance structures. We measure corporate governance by shareholder rights, ownership structure, and board composition. We develop a disclosure index to measure IFR activities in the Investor Relations sections of a sample of publicly traded US firms. Specifically, we measure IFR by disclosure content, presentation format, required filings, voluntary disclosures, and corporate governance disclosures. Results indicate that firms with weak shareholder rights and a higher percentage of independent directors are more likely to engage in IFR. Interestingly, these firms are also more likely to provide disclosure regarding their corporate governance structures on their corporate web sites. As corporate governance and disclosure are considered necessary measures to protect shareholders, our results provide empirical evidence to policy makers and regulators for implementing new corporate governance requirements and IFR guidelines.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade improves outcomes in diabetic patients presenting with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) study.

BACKGROUND
Diabetic patients who present with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction suffer a substantially greater incidence of subsequent infarction or death compared with nondiabetic patients. The present study was undertaken to examine whether diabetic patients in the Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) study appeared to benefit from platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation by tirofiban.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Of the 1570 PRISM-PLUS patients treated with either tirofiban plus heparin (n=773) or heparin alone (n=797), approximately 23% in each treatment group were diabetic. A comparison of treatment outcomes in the diabetic subgroup revealed that the combination therapy compared with heparin alone was associated with reductions in the incidence of the composite primary end point of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or refractory ischemia at 2, 7, 30, and 180 days (7.7% versus 8.3%, 14. 8% versus 21.8%, 20.1% versus 29.0%, and 32.0% versus 39.9%, respectively; P=NS) and in the incidence of MI or death (0.0% versus 3.1%, P:=0.03; 1.2% versus 9.3%, P:=0.005; 4.7% versus 15.5%, P:=0. 002; and 11.2% versus 19.2%, P:=0.03). Tests for quantitative interaction between tirofiban therapy and diabetic status were significant.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of tirofiban to heparin and aspirin appears effective in the prevention of major ischemic events, particularly MI or death, in diabetic patients presenting with unstable angina and non-ST-elevation MI.
Low relative resting metabolic rate and body weight gain in adult Caucasian Italians

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and subsequent changes in body size and degree of fatness in a group of adult Caucasian Italians.DESIGN:Prospective, longitudinal, observational study.SUBJECTS:In total, 155 subjects (72 males and 83 females, age range: 18–55 y; BMI: 17.5–63.4 kg/m2) were evaluated. In total, 43 (26 m and 17 f; BMI: 28.9±1.1 kg/m2, mean±s.e.m.) of them were reassessed 10–12 y later.MEASUREMENTS:Anthropometric and body composition (bioimpedance analysis) parameters and RMR (indirect calorimetry) were taken at baseline and after 10–12 y.RESULTS:Subjects (15 m, 8 f) who gained body weight (arbitrarily defined as a change in body weight ≥5 kg) had baseline BMI (29.9±1.8 vs 28.0±1.4; P=NS) and body composition in terms of fat mass (FM%) and fat-free mass (FFM kg) comparable to those of the subjects (11 m, 9 f) whose body weight remained stable. Baseline RMR was significantly lower in subjects who gained weight than in those who did not (108±2.1 vs 122±3.1 kJ/kg-FFM 24 h; P<0.001), although it did not differ significantly between the two groups (119±2 vs 121±2 kJ/kg-FFM 24 h; P=NS) 10–12 y later. Baseline RMR was inversely correlated to both change in body weight (r=−0.57; P<0.001) and FM (r=−0.50; P<0.001).CONCLUSION:A low RMR normalized for FFM appears to be associated with body weight gain in the long run in adult Caucasian Italians.
A privacy protection system for HbbTV in Smart TVs

The popularity of smart entertainment devices is growing every day. Products like blu-ray players, set-top boxes and Smart TVs (STV) with high connectivity are on the market. Many of them connect to the Internet via LAN or WiFi. Especially Smart TVs enable the broadcasting stations to provide real-time information directly to the consumers, for example additional information about a current TV program. HbbTV is one of the standards on STV for combining the two data media DVB and Internet. It defines how commonly used web technologies can be used as a transparent overlay over the current channel. Each respective broadcasting station is responsible for the contents of their channels' HbbTV signals. In this article, we describe how broadcasting stations measure the consumers viewing behavior more accurately using HbbTV. We show which technologies are used and which cause privacy risks, i.e., which methods lead to the exposure of personal preferences. Additionally, we describe a method how an evil-minded neighbor is able to monitor the viewing behavior without the user's knowledge and consent. This method is possible on most channels using HbbTV. It is not even required that the user actively starts the HbbTV application. Beyond that, we can collect this data on an encrypted WiFi network as well. Finally, we discuss our implementation for significantly reducing the privacy risk HbbTV poses.
Canonical quantization of cylindrically symmetric models.

This work was supported by funds providen by DGICYTand the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science under Conract Adjunct to the Project No. PB91-0052
Rationale, design and critical end points for the Riluzole in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (RISCIS): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel multi-center trial

Background:Riluzole is a sodium channel-blocking agent used in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Canadian and Australian authorities, and in many other countries. A phase I trial of riluzole for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) provided safety and pharmacokinetic data and suggested neuroprotective benefits. A phase IIB/III double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) started in January 2014 (https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01597518). This article describes the pathophysiological rationale, preclinical experience and design of the phase IIB/III RCT of Riluzole in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (RISCIS).Objectives:The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate the superiority of riluzole, at a dose of 100 mg BID in the first 24 h followed by 50 mg BID for the following 13 days post injury, compared with placebo in improving neurological motor outcomes in patients with C4–C8 level, International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Examination (ISNCSCI) grade A, B or C acute (within 12 h post injury) SCI.Setting:Acute trauma centers worldwideMethods:A double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled RCT will enroll 351 participants randomized 1:1 to riluzole and placebo. The primary end point is the change between 180 days and baseline in ISNCSCI Motor Score. This study has 90% power to detect a change of nine points in ISNCSCI Motor Score at one-sided α=0.025.Results:Currently enrolling in 11 centers.Conclusion:This study will provide class I evidence regarding the safety and neuroprotective efficacy of riluzole in patients with acute cervical SCI.