LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A de novo interstitial deletion of 2p23.3-24.3 in a boy presenting with intellectual disability, overgrowth, dysmorphic features, skeletal myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy.

Interstitial deletions of the distal part of chromosome 2p are rare, with only six reported cases involving regions from 2p23 to 2pter. Most of these were cytogenetic investigations. We describe a 14-year-old boy with an 8.97 Mb deletion of 2p23.3-24.3 detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) who had intellectual disability (ID), unusual facial features, cryptorchidism, skeletal myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and postnatal overgrowth (macrocephaly and tall stature). We compared the clinical features of the present case to previously described patients with an interstitial deletion within this chromosomal region and conclude that our patient exhibits a markedly different phenotype. Additional patients are needed to further delineate phenotype-genotype correlations.
Analysis of chronic low back pain with magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping of lumbar intervertebral disc.

BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping utilizes the T2 values for quantification of moisture content and collagen sequence breakdown. Recently, attempts at quantification of lumbar disc degeneration through MRI T2 mapping have been reported. We conducted an analysis of the relationship between T2 values of degenerated intervertebral discs (IVD) and chronic low back pain (CLBP).


METHODS
The subjects who had CLBP comprised 28 patients (15 male, 13 female; mean age 48.9 ± 9.6 years; range 22-60 years). All subjects underwent MRI and filled out the low back pain visual analog scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ). The disc was divided into the anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), the nucleus pulposus (NP), and the posterior AF, and each T2 value was measured. This study involved 25 asymptomatic control participants matched with the CLBP group subjects for gender and age (13 male, 12 female; mean age 43.8 ± 14.5 years; range 23-60 years). These subjects had no low back pain, and constituted the control group.


RESULTS
T2 values for IVD tended to be lower in the CLBP group than in the control group, and these values were significantly different within the posterior AF. The correlation coefficients between the VAS scores and T2 values of anterior AF, NP and posterior AF were r = 0.30, -0.15 and -0.50. The correlation coefficient between the JOABPEQ scores (low back pain) and T2 values of anterior AF, NP and posterior AF were r = -0.0041, 0.11 and 0.42. Similarly, the JOABPEQ scores (lumbar function) were r = -0.22, -0.12 and 0.57.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated a correlation between posterior AF degeneration and CLBP. This study suggests that MRI T2 mapping could be used as a quantitative method for diagnosing discogenic pain.
The effect of single set resistance training on strength and functional fitness in pulmonary rehabilitation patients.

PURPOSE
The primary goal of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is for patients to achieve and maintain their maximum level of independence and functioning in the community. Traditional PR uses a predominantly aerobic/endurance approach to rehabilitation with little or no inclusion of exercises to increase strength. Few studies have investigated the impact of resistance training on PR despite growing evidence supporting its efficacy to improve physical function (functional fitness) in both healthy individuals and those with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single-set resistance training on strength and functional fitness outcomes in PR patients.


METHODS
Twenty PR patients, 60 to 81 years old, were randomly assigned to an 8-week endurance-based PR program (ET) or an ET plus resistance training program (RT).


RESULTS
Strength increased in RT (P < .05) and decreased in ET for both upper and lower body. Functional fitness improved (P < .05) in 5 of 7 tests for RT compared with 2 tests for ET.


CONCLUSIONS
Single set RT can elicit significant improvements in both strength and functional fitness, which is not obtained by traditional PR alone. Our results are comparable to other studies with similar outcomes using multiple-set RT protocols. These findings may have important implications for program design, application, and adherence in PR.
Sample-based motion planning in high-dimensional and differentially-constrained systems

State of the art sample-based path planning algorithms, such as the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), have proven to be effective in path planning for systems subject to complex kinematic and geometric constraints. The performance of these algorithms, however, degrade as the dimension of the system increases. Furthermore, sample-based planners rely on distance metrics which do not work well when the system has differential constraints. Such constraints are particularly challenging in systems with non-holonomic and underactuated dynamics. This thesis develops two intelligent sampling strategies to help guide the search process. To reduce sensitivity to dimension, sampling can be done in a low-dimensional task space rather than in the high-dimensional state space. Altering the sampling strategy in this way creates a Voronoi Bias in task space, which helps to guide the search, while the RRT continues to verify trajectory feasibility in the full state space. Fast path planning is demonstrated using this approach on a 1500-link manipulator. To enable task-space biasing for underactuated systems, a hierarchical task space controller is developed by utilizing partial feedback linearization. Another sampling strategy is also presented, where the local reachability of the tree is approximated, and used to bias the search, for systems subject to differential constraints. Reachability guidance is shown to improve search performance of the RRT by an order of magnitude when planning on a pendulum and non-holonomic car. The ideas of task-space biasing and reachability guidance are then combined for demonstration of a motion planning algorithm implemented on LittleDog, a quadruped robot. The motion planning algorithm successfully planned bounding trajectories over extremely rough terrain.
Interaction criticism and aesthetics

As HCI becomes more self-consciously implicated in cul-ture, theories from cultural studies, in particular aesthetics and critical theory, are increasingly working their way into the field. However, the use of aesthetics and critical theory in HCI remains both marginal and uneven in quality. This paper explores the state of the art of aesthetics and critical theory in the field, before going on to explore the role of these cultural theories in the analysis and deployment of the twin anchors of interaction: the user and the artifact. In concludes with a proposed mapping of aesthetics and criti-cal theory into interaction design, both as a practice and as a discipline.
Cost-effectiveness of first- v. second-generation antipsychotic drugs: results from a randomised controlled trial in schizophrenia responding poorly to previous therapy.

BACKGROUND
There are claims that the extra costs of atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic drugs over conventional (first-generation) drugs are offset by improved health-related quality of life.


AIMS
To determine the relative costs and value of treatment with conventional or atypical antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia.


METHOD
Cost-effectiveness acceptability analysis integrated clinical and economic randomised controlled trial data of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in routine practice.


RESULTS
Conventional antipsychotics had lower costs and higher quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) than atypical antipsychotics and were more than 50% likely to be cost-effective.


CONCLUSIONS
The primary and sensitivity analyses indicated that conventional antipsychotics may be cost-saving and associated with a gain in QALYs compared with atypical antipsychotics.
Verbal memory and verbal fluency tasks used for language localization and lateralization during magnetoencephalography

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop a presurgical magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol to localize and lateralize expressive and receptive language function as well as verbal memory in patients with epilepsy. Two simple language tasks and a different analytical procedure were developed.


METHODS
Ten healthy participants and 13 epileptic patients completed two language tasks during MEG recording: a verbal memory task and a verbal fluency task. As a first step, principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on source data from the group of healthy participants to identify spatiotemporal factors that were relevant to these paradigms. Averaged source data were used to localize areas activated during each task and a laterality index (LI) was computed on an individual basis for both groups, healthy participants and patients, using sensor data.


RESULTS
PCA revealed activation in the left temporal lobe (300 ms) during the verbal memory task, and from the frontal lobe (210 ms) to the temporal lobe (500 ms) during the verbal fluency task in healthy participants. Averaged source data showed activity in the left hemisphere (250-750 ms), in Wernicke's area, for all participants. Left hemisphere dominance was demonstrated better using the verbal memory task than the verbal fluency task (F1,19=4.41, p=0.049). Cohen's kappa statistic revealed 93% agreement (k=0.67, p=0.002) between LIs obtained from MEG sensor data and fMRI, the IAT, electrical cortical stimulation or handedness with the verbal memory task for all participants. At 74%, agreement results for the verbal fluency task did not reach statistical significance.


SIGNIFICANCE
Analysis procedures yielded interesting findings with both tasks and localized language-related activation. However, based on source localization and laterality indices, the verbal memory task yielded better results in the context of the presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients. The verbal fluency task did not add any further information to the verbal memory task as regards language localization and lateralization for most patients and healthy participants that would facilitate decision making prior to surgery.
Unified formulation of a class of image thresholding techniques

-In this paper, we show that Otsu's image thresholding, Kittler and Illingworth's minimum error thresholding, and Huang and Wang's fuzzy thresholding methods can be derived under a similar mathematical formulation. The difference among the three methods is the choice of different weighting functions for computing a criterion function that can be considered as a weighted summation of the image gray level histogram. We can have a better understanding of the three thresholding techniques and derive other thresholding methods based on this unified formulation. Copyright © 1996 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Image thresholding Otsu's method Minimum error thresholding Fuzzy thresholding method Unified formulation of thresholding methods
Chapter 2 Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies

As discussed in the previous chapter, electrification is the most viable way to achieve clean and efficient transportation that is crucial to the sustainable development of the whole world. In the near future, electric vehicles (EVs) including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will dominate the clean vehicle market [1, 2]. By 2020, it is expected that more than half of new vehicle sales will likely be EV models. The key and the enabling technology to this revolutionary change is battery. The importance of batteries to EVs has been verified in the history. The first EV was seen on the road shortly after the invention of rechargeable lead–acid batteries and electric motors in the late 1800s [4]. In the early years of 1900s, there was a golden period of EVs. At that time, the number of EVs was almost double that of gasoline power cars. However, EVs almost disappeared and gave the wholemarket to
Effect of concomitant pharmacotherapy on electroconvulsive therapy outcomes: short-term efficacy and adverse effects.

CONTEXT
Medication resistance is the leading indication for use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depression. The practice of stopping antidepressant medications prior to ECT derived from studies in the 1960s and 1970s in nonresistant samples. There is also continuing controversy regarding the relative efficacy and adverse effects of right unilateral and bilateral ECT.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypotheses that, compared with placebo, concomitant treatment with nortriptline or venlafaxine during the ECT course enhances short-term efficacy without a meaningful effect on adverse effects and reduces the rate of post-ECT relapse, and to test the hypotheses that high-dose, right-sided, unilateral ECT is equivalent in efficacy to moderate-dosage bilateral ECT and retains advantages with respect to cognitive adverse effects.


DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled study conducted from 2001 through 2005.


SETTING
Three university-based hospitals.


PATIENTS
Of approximately 750 consecutive patients referred for ECT, 319 with a major depressive episode consented, were randomized to pharmacological or ECT treatment conditions, and received at least 1 ECT treatment.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, remission rate following completion of ECT, and selective measures of cognitive adverse effects.


RESULTS
Treatment with nortriptyline enhanced the efficacy and reduced the cognitive adverse effects of ECT relative to placebo. Venlafaxine resulted in a weaker degree of improvement and tended to worsen cognitive adverse effects. High-dosage right unilateral ECT did not differ or was superior to bilateral ECT in efficacy and resulted in less severe amnesia.


CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of ECT is substantially increased by the addition of an antidepressant medication, but such medications may differ in whether they reduce or increase cognitive adverse effects. High-dose, right-sided, unilateral ECT is at least equivalent to moderate-dosage bilateral ECT in efficacy, but retains advantages with respect to cognitive adverse effects.
Interhospital variation in the RATPAC trial (Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac markers).

BACKGROUND
The RATPAC trial showed that using a point-of-care panel of CK-MB(mass), myoglobin and troponin at baseline and 90 min increased the proportion of patients successfully discharged home, leading to reduced median length of initial hospital stay. However, it did not change mean hospital stay and may have increased mean costs per patient. The aim of this study was to explore variation in outcome and costs between participating hospitals.


METHODS
RATPAC was a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (N=2243) and economic analysis comparing diagnostic assessment using the panel to standard care for patients with acute chest pain due to suspected myocardial infarction at six hospitals. The difference in the proportion of patients successfully discharged (primary outcome) and mean costs per patient between the participating hospitals was compared.


RESULTS
Point-of-care assessment led to a higher proportion of successful discharges in four hospitals, a lower proportion in one and was equivocal in another. The OR (95% CI) for the primary outcome varied from 0.12 (0.01 to 1.03) to 11.07 (6.23 to 19.66) with significant heterogeneity between the centres (p<0.001). The mean cost per patient for the intervention group ranged from being £214.49 less than the control group (-132.56 to 657.10) to £646.57 more expensive (73.12 to 1612.71), with weak evidence of heterogeneity between the centres (p=0.0803).


CONCLUSION
The effect of point-of-care panel assessment on successful discharge and costs per patient varied markedly between hospitals and may depend on local protocols, staff practices and available facilities.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Layer-Wise Context Expansion and Attention

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with layer-wise context expansion and location-based attention, for large vocabulary speech recognition. In our model each higher layer uses information from broader contexts, along both the time and frequency dimensions, than its immediate lower layer. We show that both the layer-wise context expansion and the location-based attention can be implemented using the element-wise matrix product and the convolution operation. For this reason, contrary to other CNNs, no pooling operation is used in our model. Experiments on the 309hr Switchboard task and the 375hr short message dictation task indicates that our model outperforms both the DNN and LSTM significantly.
A Dictionary of Nonsubsective Adjectives

Computational approaches to inference and information extraction often assume that adjective-noun compounds maintain all the relevant properties of the unmodified noun. A significant portion of nonsubsective adjectives violate this assumption. We present preliminary work towards a classifier for these adjectives. We also compile a comprehensive list of 60 nonsubsective adjectives including those used for training and those found by the classifiers.
Influence of neck pain on cervical movement in the sagittal plane during
smartphone use

[Purpose] Smartphone use reportedly changes posture. However, how neck posture is altered in smartphone users with neck pain is unknown. This study examined changes in the posture of young adults with and without mild neck pain (MNP) when using a smartphone. [Subjects] Thirteen control subjects and 14 subjects with MNP who used smartphones were recruited. [Methods] The upper cervical (UC) and lower cervical (LC) angles in the sagittal plane were measured using an ultrasound-based motion analysis system while the seated subjects used a smartphone for 5 min. [Results] During smartphone use, the MNP group exhibited greater UC and LC flexion angles than the control group. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that young adults with MNP are more careful and more frequently utilize a neutral neck posture than young adults without MNP when using a smartphone while sitting.
Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids can be safe in COPD patients at low risk of exacerbation: a real-life study on the appropriateness of treatment in moderate COPD patients (OPTIMO)

BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD patients on maintenance treatment results in deterioration of symptoms, lung function and exacerbations. The aim of this real-life, prospective, multicentric study was to investigate whether withdrawal of ICS in COPD patients at low risk of exacerbation is linked to a deterioration in lung function and symptoms and to a higher frequency of exacerbations.


METHODS
914 COPD patients, on maintenance therapy with bronchodilators and ICS, FEV1>50% predicted, and <2 exacerbations/year were recruited. Upon decision of the primary physicians, 59% of patients continued their ICS treatment whereas in 41% of patients ICS were withdrawn and regular therapy was continued with long-acting bronchodilators mostly (91% of patients). FEV1, CAT (COPD Assessment Test), and occurrence of exacerbations were measured at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T6) of the 6 months observational period.


RESULTS
816 patients (89.3%) concluded the study. FEV1, CAT and exacerbations history were similar in the two groups (ICS and no ICS) at T0 and at T6. We did not observe any deterioration of lung function symptoms, and exacerbation rate between the two groups at T0 and T6.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the withdrawal of ICS, in COPD patients at low risk of exacerbation, can be safe provided that patients are left on maintenance treatment with long-acting bronchodilators.
Fire and smoke detection without sensors: Image processing based approach

In this paper, novel models for fire and smoke detection using image processing is provided. The models use different colour models for both fire and smoke. The colour models are extracted using a statistical analysis of samples extracted from different type of video sequences and images. The extracted models can be used in complete fire/smoke detection system which combines colour information with motion analysis.
Microchannel size effects on local flow boiling heat transfer to a dielectric fluid

Heat transfer with liquid–vapor phase change in microchannels can support very high heat fluxes for use in applications such as the thermal management of high-performance electronics. However, the effects of channel cross-sectional dimensions on the two-phase heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop have not been investigated extensively. In the present work, experiments are conducted to investigate the local flow boiling heat transfer of a dielectric fluid, Fluorinert FC-77, in microchannel heat sinks. Experiments are performed for mass fluxes ranging from 250 to 1600 kg/m s. Seven different test pieces made from silicon and consisting of parallel microchannels with nominal widths ranging from 100 to 5850 lm, all with a nominal depth of 400 lm, are considered. An array of temperature sensors on the substrate allows for resolution of local temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. The results of this study show that for microchannels of width 400 lm and greater, the heat transfer coefficients corresponding to a fixed wall heat flux as well as the boiling curves are independent of channel size. Also, heat transfer coefficients and boiling curves are independent of mass flux in the nucleate boiling region for a fixed channel size, but are affected by mass flux as convective boiling dominates. A strong dependence of pressure drop on both channel size and mass flux is observed. The experimental results are compared to predictions from a number of existing correlations for both pool boiling and flow boiling heat transfer. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Overview of the torque-controlled humanoid robot TORO

This paper gives an overview on the torque-controlled humanoid robot TORO, which has evolved from the former DLR Biped. In particular, we describe its mechanical design and dimensioning, its sensors, electronics and computer hardware. Additionally, we give a short introduction to the walking and multi-contact balancing strategies used for TORO.
The virtual showcase

We present the Virtual Showcase, a new multiviewer augmented reality display device that has the same form factor as a real showcase traditionally used for museum exhibits.