LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving multi-objective code-smells correction using development history

One of the widely used techniques to improve the quality of software systems is refactoring. Software refactoring improves the internal structure of the system while preserving its external behavior. These two concerns drive the existing approaches to refactoring automation. However, recent studies demonstrated that these concerns are not enough to produce correct and consistent refactoring solutions. In addition to quality improvement and behavior preservation, studies consider, among others, construct semantics preservation and minimization of changes. From another perspective, development history was proven as a powerful source of knowledge in many maintenance tasks. Still, development history is not widely explored in the context of automated software refactoring. In this paper, we use the development history collected from existing software projects to propose new refactoring solutions taking into account context similarity with situations seen in the past. We propose a multi-objective optimization-based approach to find good refactoring sequences that (1) minimize the number of code-smells, and (2) maximize the use of development history while (3) preserving the construct semantics. To this end, we use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-offs between these three objectives. We evaluate our approach using a benchmark composed of five medium and large-size open-source systems and four types of codesmells (Blob, spaghetti code, functional decomposition, and data class). Our experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach, compared to three different state-of-the-art approaches, with more than 85% of code-smells fixed and 86% of suggested refactorings semantically coherent when the change history is
Strategic intent and e-business in SMEs: enablers and inhibitors

Small firms’ use of e-business is limited and little is known about what drives small businesses (SMEs) to embrace e-business. It first discusses different growth strategies adopted by SMEs and reviews Internet adoption in SMEs. Drivers and inhibitors of e-business are identified. Three research questions are derived does strategic intent drive e-business adoption and is it a factor of market position or product innovation? Is this consistent across sectors? And how is strategic intent and industry adoption influenced by the enablers and inhibitors of e-business adoption? Using survey data from 354 SMEs in the UK West Midlands the paper investigates these. The research demonstrates that strategic intent influences decisions to invest in e-business. Those SMEs remaining in their existing markets are the least likely to invest, primarily due to the Internet not being seen as necessary for growth. Product innovation rather than market penetration drives e-business. e-Business drivers and inhibitors provide insights into this.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of MyD88 gene is associated with Buerger disease but not with Takayasu arteritis in Japanese

Buerger disease (BD) and Takayasu arteritis (TA) are rare vascular disorders. Although their etiology and pathogenesis have not been elucidated, several studies have suggested the involvement of innate immunity. Myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) is a key signaling adaptor for all Toll-like receptors, which have a central role in innate immunity. In the present study, we evaluated the association of MyD88 with BD and TA. We conducted case–control studies in Japanese populations composing of 131 BD cases, 90 TA cases and 270 healthy controls to be genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism rs7744 A>G in the 3′-untranslated region of MyD88 gene. The frequency of GG genotype was significantly lower in the BD patients than in the controls (6.9 vs 15.9%, P=0.011, odds ratio=0.39, 95% confidence interval; 0.19, 0.81), although there was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies between the TA patients and controls. It was suggested that MyD88 may confer resistance to BD in Japanese. Because this is the first report of the association between MyD88 and BD, replication studies in other cohorts are required.
Multiband Inverted-F Antenna With Independent Bands for Small and Slim Cellular Mobile Handsets

The design of a small ultra-thin printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with independent control on the resonant frequency bands is proposed. The antenna consists of a slotted radiator supported by shorting walls and a small ground plane. The structure is designed and optimized to operate at 2.09, 3.74 and 5 GHz with achievable bandwidths of 11%, 8.84% and 10%, respectively. These three bands cover the existing wireless communication frequency bands from 1.5-6.8 GHz. Each of the three bands can be controlled independently without affecting the other two bands. The 2.09 GHz band can be controlled to operate between 1.5-2.09 GHz (33.33%), the 3.74 GHz band can be controlled over the range of 3.57-4.18 GHz (15.76%) and the 5 GHz band can be controlled to cover the band from 5.00-6.80 GHz (30.50%). Results of intensive investigations using computer simulations and measurements show that the ground plane and the feed locations of the antenna have marginal effects on the performance of the antenna. The effects of the user's hand and mobile phone housing on the return loss, radiation patterns, gains and efficiency are characterized. The measured peak gains of the prototype antenna at 2.09, 3.74 and 5 GHz are 2.05, 2.32 and 3.47 dBi, respectively. The measured radiation efficiencies for the corresponding three bands are 70.12, 60.29 and 66.24% respectively.
The artist as critic : bitextuality in fin-de-siècle illustrated books

Two texts, two hands, two looks contextual/bitextual - aesthetes, socialists, journalists quotation impression parody answering cross-dressing entr'acte.
3rd international scientific conference “Practice and research in private and public sector” Mykolas Romeris University

3rd International Scientific Conference “Practice and Research in Private and Public Sector”
A New Benchmark Dataset for Handwritten Character Recognition

The report presents a new dataset of more than 40, 000 handwritten characters. The creation of the new dataset is motivated by the ceiling effect that hampers experiments on popular handwritten digits datasets, such as the MNIST dataset and the USPS dataset. Next to a character labeling, the dataset also contains labels for the 250 writers that wrote the handwritten character, which gives the dataset the additional potential to be used in forensic applications. The report discusses that data gathering process, as well as the preprocessing and normalization of the data. In addition, the report presents the results of initial classification and visualization experiments on the new dataset, in an attempt to provide a base line for the performance of learning techniques on the dataset. A New Benchmark Dataset for Handwritten Character Recognition Laurens van der Maaten TiCC, Tilburg University
Conservation policy in traditional farming landscapes

1 Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania 3 Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 4 Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany 5 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
No significant association between the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor gene and treatment response in combined or inattentive subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

INTRODUCTION
Given the shortage of pharmacogenetic studies on treatment response according to subtype of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we investigated the associations between the MspI and DraI polymorphisms of the alpha-2 A-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) and treatment response to methylphenidate according to subtype of ADHD.


METHODS
We enrolled 115 medication-naïve children with ADHD into an open label 8-week trial of methylphenidate. The participants were genotyped and evaluated using the Clinical -Global Impression (CGI), ADHD rating scale, and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) pre- and post-treatment.


RESULTS
There was no statistically significant association between the MspI or DraI genotypes and the relative frequency of CGI-improvement (CGI-I) 1 or 2 status among any of the groups (all types of ADHD, ADHD-C, or ADHD-I). However, among the children with ADHD-C, those subjects with the C/C genotype at the ADRA2A DraI polymorphism tended to have a CGI-I 1 or 2 status post-treatment (OR=4.45, p=0.045).


DISCUSSION
The results of this study do not support the association between the the MspI or DraI genotypes and treatment response to methylphenidate in ADHD. However, our results -suggest that subtypes might influence pharmacogenetic results in ADHD.·available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/pharmaco.
3000 solved problems in biology

The science of biology chemistry of life cells molecular genetics inheritance evolution diversity of life history of life - major patterns plants - form and function animals - form and function ecology.
Detection of closed sharp edges in point clouds using normal estimation and graph theory

The reconstruction of a surface model from a point cloud is an important task in the reverse engineering of industrial parts. We aim at constructing a curve network on the point cloud that will define the border of the various surface patches. In this paper, we present an algorithm to extract closed sharp feature lines, which is necessary to create such a closed curve network. We use a first order segmentation to extract candidate feature points and process them as a graph to recover the sharp feature lines. To this end, a minimum spanning tree is constructed and afterwards a reconnection procedure closes the lines. The algorithm is fast and gives good results for real-world point sets from industrial applications. c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Correlation of increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during vitamin D therapy with activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1-infected males.

BACKGROUND
In HIV-1-infected individuals, levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes are depleted and regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) are elevated. In vitro studies have demonstrated effects of vitamin D on the growth and differentiation of these cells. We speculated whether supplementation with vitamin D could have an effect on CD4+ T lymphocytes or Tregs in HIV-1-infected males.


METHODS
We conducted a placebo-controlled randomized study that ran for 16 weeks and included 61 HIV-1-infected males, of whom 51 completed the protocol. The participants were randomized to 1 of 3 daily treatments: (1) 0.5-1.0 µg calcitriol and 1200 IU (30 µg) cholecalciferol, (2) 1200 IU cholecalciferol, (3) placebo. Percentages of the following T-lymphocyte subsets were determined: naïve CD4+ and CD8+ cells, activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone were measured.


RESULTS
No significant changes of the studied T-lymphocyte subsets occurred in the treatment groups compared to the placebo group. Increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were associated with increases in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes (P = .001) and Tregs (P = .01) in adjusted models. Changes in parathyroid hormone correlated inversely with Tregs (P = .02). Smokers had higher levels of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes (37% vs 25%;P = .01), naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes (28% vs 19%; P = .03), and Tregs (9% vs 7%; P = .03).


CONCLUSION
Cholecalciferol and calcitriol administered during 16 weeks did not change the levels of T-lymphocyte fractions compared to placebo. However, increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were associated with an expansion of activated CD4+ cells and Tregs.
Exploiting native XML indexing techniques for XML retrieval in relational database systems

In XML retrieval, two distinct approaches have been established and pursued without much cross-fertilization taking place so far. On the one hand, native XML databases tailored to the semistructured data model have received considerable attention, and a wealth of index structures, join algorithms, tree encodings and query rewriting techniques for XML have been proposed. On the other hand, the question how to make XML fit the relational data model has been studied in great detail, giving rise to a multitude of storage schemes for XML in relational database systems (RDBSs). In this paper we examine how native XML indexing techniques can boost the retrieval of XML stored in an RDBS. We present the Relational CADG (RCADG), an adaptation of several native indexing approaches to the relational model, and show how it supports the evaluation of a clean formal language of conjunctive XML queries. Unlike relational storage schemes for XML, the RCADG largely preserves the underlying tree structure of the data in the RDBS, thus addressing several open problems known from the literature. Experiments show that the RCADG accelerates retrieval by up to two or even three orders of magnitude compared to both native and relational approaches.
Examining the relationship between violent video games , presence , and aggression

The level of presence, or immersion, a person feels with media influences the effect media has on them. This project examines both the causes and consequences of presence in the context of violent video game play. In a between subjects design, 227 participants were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a non violent video game. Causal modeling techniques revealed two separate paths to presence. First, individual differences predicted levels of presence: men felt more presence while playing the video game, as did those who play video games more frequently. Secondly, those who perceived the game to be more violent felt more presence. Those who felt more presence, felt more resentment, were more verbally aggressive, and that led to increased physically aggressive intentions. Keywords--Presence as immersion, video games, aggressive affect, violence, aggression, and social learning theory.
Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems

VI
Anti-aging effects of anti-lipolytic drugs

Genetic disruption of insulin and insulin-like signaling pathways may extend lifespan. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may accelerate aging. The hypothesis was tested that a once-a-week life-long inhibition of insulin secretion by the administration of anti-lipolytic drugs might have anti-aging effects. Groups of 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were (a) given standard laboratory food ad libitum (AL); (b) fed AL 6 days and fasted 1 day every week (FW); (c) fed AL every other day (EOD), (d) fed like FW and given Acipimox (50 mg/kg b.w.) on the day of fasting (FWA) by the gastric tube. The AL, FW and EOD groups received saline intragastrically. Treatment with ACIPIMOX transiently decreased plasma free fatty acids, glucose and insulin and increased valine plasma levels, and had no long-term effect on food consumption and body weight. By age 6, 12 and 24 months subgroups were taken and the age-related changes in liver dolichol and autophagic proteolysis--which are correlated with life-expectancy--were measured. Liver dolichol levels increased and autophagic proteolysis decreased in mature and older AL rats; EOD and FWA fully counteracted these changes; FW rats had significant but smaller beneficial effects. It is concluded that life-long weekly-repeated transient inhibition of insulin secretion by antilipolytic drugs may have an anti-aging effect, additive to the anti-aging effect of a milder caloric restriction. Speculation is that transiently lower plasma insulin levels might stimulate the anti-aging cell-repair mechanism autophagy, which has longer lasting effects on cell housekeeping.
Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances short-term functional recovery.

OBJECTIVES
: To investigate whether a daily exercise session, using a bedside cycle ergometer, is a safe and effective intervention in preventing or attenuating the decrease in functional exercise capacity, functional status, and quadriceps force that is associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay. A prolonged stay in the intensive care unit is associated with muscle dysfunction, which may contribute to an impaired functional status up to 1 yr after hospital discharge. No evidence is available concerning the effectiveness of an early exercise training intervention to prevent these detrimental complications.


DESIGN
: Randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
: Medical and surgical intensive care unit at University Hospital Gasthuisberg.


PATIENTS
: Ninety critically ill patients were included as soon as their cardiorespiratory condition allowed bedside cycling exercise (starting from day 5), given they still had an expected prolonged intensive care unit stay of at least 7 more days.


INTERVENTIONS
: Both groups received respiratory physiotherapy and a daily standardized passive or active motion session of upper and lower limbs. In addition, the treatment group performed a passive or active exercise training session for 20 mins/day, using a bedside ergometer.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
: All outcome data are reflective for survivors. Quadriceps force and functional status were assessed at intensive care unit discharge and hospital discharge. Six-minute walking distance was measured at hospital discharge. No adverse events were identified during and immediately after the exercise training. At intensive care unit discharge, quadriceps force and functional status were not different between groups. At hospital discharge, 6-min walking distance, isometric quadriceps force, and the subjective feeling of functional well-being (as measured with "Physical Functioning" item of the Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire) were significantly higher in the treatment group (p < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
: Early exercise training in critically ill intensive care unit survivors enhanced recovery of functional exercise capacity, self-perceived functional status, and muscle force at hospital discharge.
Ethics, efficiency, and the market

This is a systematic evaluation of the main arguments for and against the market as an instrument of social organization, balancing efficiency and justice . It links the distinctive approaches of philosophy and economics to this evaluation.
Transarterial degradation of hyaluronic acid filler by hyaluronidase.

BACKGROUND
Hyaluronidase (HYAL) has been recommended in the emergency treatment of ischemia caused by accidental intra-arterial injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers. To date, there have been no published studies showing that HYAL can pass through intact arterial wall to hydrolyze HA emboli.


OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to study whether or not HYAL could cross intact human facial arterial wall to hydrolyze HA filler.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Short tied-off segments of fresh human cadaver-sourced facial artery specimens, overfilled with a monophasic dermal filler (dermal filler "sausages"), were immersed in either HYAL or normal saline as controls. At 4 and 24 hours, the vessels were removed from the preparations, and one end of each vessel was cut open.


RESULTS
Only the HYAL-immersed specimens showed degradation of filler gel.


CONCLUSION
In conclusion, cross-linked HA is susceptible to hydrolysis by HYAL when contained within the intact facial artery in a cadaver model, indicating that direct intra-arterial injection of HYAL is likely not necessary to help restore the circulation of ischemic tissues. This bench study provides support for the current recommended treatment of accidental intra-arterial injection with HYAL injection diffusely into ischemic tissues.
Ransomware Analysis and Defense-WannaCry and the Win32 environment

Ransomware is a specific type of malware that threatens the victim’s access to her data unless a ransom is paid. It is also known as a cryptovirus due to its method of operation. Typically, ransomware encrypts the contents of the victim’s hard drive thereby rendering it inaccessible to the victim. Upon payment of the ransom, the decryption key is released to the victim. This means of attack is therefore also sometimes aptly called cryptoviral extortion. The ransomware itself is delivered to the victim using several channels. The most common channel of delivery is by masquerading the malware as a Trojan horse via an email attachment. In this work, we study a high-profile example of a ransomware called the WannaCry worm. This ransomware is particularly malicious since it has the ability to traverse computing equipment on a network without any human intervention. Since this worm has had a large scale impact, we find it imperative and instructive to better understand the inner workings of this high-profile ransomware. To this end, we obtain a sample of WannaCry and dissect it completely using advanced static and dynamic malware analysis techniques. This effort, we hope, will shed light on the inner workings of the malware and will enable cyber security experts to better thwart similar attacks in the future by: a) generating appropriate signatures and b) developing stronger defense solutions. Our analysis is conducted in a Win32 environment and we present our detailed analysis so as to enable reproduction of our work by other malware analysts. This, we hope, will further advancement in generating appropriate signatures to detect the worm. Secondly, we present a prototype software that will enable a user to prevent this malware from unleashing its payload and protect the user on a Win32 environment in an effort to advance the development of efficient software defense mechanisms to protect users from such a worm attack in the future. Keywords—Ransomware, cryptovirus, extortion, static and dynamic analysis, malware analysis, cyber security.
A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic

We introduce a stochastic discrete automaton model to simulate freeway traffic. Monte-Carlo simulations of the model show a transition from laminar traffic flow to start-stopwaves with increasing vehicle density, as is observed in real freeway traffic. For special cases analytical results can be obtained.
Solving a stochastic demand multi-product supplier selection model with service level and budget constraints using Genetic Algorithm

This study presents a stochastic demand multi-product supplier selection model with service level and budget constraints using Genetic Algorithm. Recently, much attention has been given to stochastic demand due to uncertainty in the real world. Conflicting objectives also exist between profit, service level and resource utilization. In this study, the relationship between the expected profit and the number of trials as well as between the expected profit and the combination of mutation and crossover rates are investigated to identify better parameter values to efficiently run the Genetic Algorithm. Pareto optimal solutions and return on investment are analyzed to provide decision makers with the alternative options of achieving the proper budget and service level. The results show that the optimal value for the return on investment and the expected profit are obtained with a certain budget and service level constraint. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.