LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Au th or ' s pe rs on al co py Facial symmetry detection ability changes across the menstrual cycle

The effects of menstrual cycle phase and hormones on women’s visual ability to detect symmetry and visual preference for symmetry were examined. Participants completed tests of symmetry detection and preference for male facial symmetry at two of three menstrual cycle phases (menses, periovulatory, and luteal). Women were better at detecting facial symmetry during the menses than luteal phase of their cycle. A trend indicated the opposite pattern for dot symmetry detection. Similarly, change in salivary progesterone levels across the cycle was negatively related to change in facial symmetry detection scores. However, there was no clear evidence of a greater preference for facial symmetry at any cycle phase, despite an overall preference for facial symmetry across phases. These findings suggest a menses phase advantage and a low progesterone advantage in women’s ability to detect facial symmetry. The results are discussed in the context of hormonal, evolutionary mate selection, and functional neurocognitive theories. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Paragangliomas: presentation and management by radiotherapy at the Prince of Wales Hospital.

INTRODUCTION
Paragangliomas are commonly treated with surgery, while radiotherapy is reserved for those that are inoperable or have relapsed. However, this retrospective study aims to determine whether radiotherapy is a viable initial treatment for paragangliomas.


METHODS
Of 73 tumours researched, 44 were diagnosed and treated from January 1967 to December 2012 at the Radiation Oncology Department at the Prince of Wales Hospital and thus were eligible for analysis. Median follow-up time was 3.5 years with a range of 1 to 40 years. Thirty-four tumours were treated with radiotherapy only, and 10 tumours were treated with both surgical resection and radiotherapy. Local control and cause-specific survival were the primary end points measured.


RESULTS
Five-year local control rate for the population of 44 lesions was 89%; it was 100% in the group treated by radiotherapy alone, but only 50% in the group treated by surgery followed by radiotherapy, with radiation used for salvage. The difference in control rates between these two subset groups was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Cause-specific survival rates for this eligible population at 5 and 10 years were 98% and 90%, respectively. After initial radiotherapy, 4 patients had improved cranial nerve function, there was clinical improvement in tinnitus, and one new cranial nerve deficit developed where a high dose was used.


CONCLUSIONS
Radiotherapy has high local control rates and few complications. The local control and complication rates compare favourably to surgery.
Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Tool

OBJECTIVE
To develop and test a patient questionnaire on treatment satisfaction with diabetes regimens.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Survey items were developed from community clinic focus groups, pretested in patients with diabetes, and examined in two samples of treated patients.


RESULTS
Sixteen items performed well in assessing treatment experiences: ease and convenience, lifestyle burdens, well-being, and medical control. Construct validity was supported by associations (P < 0.05) with treatment complexity, self-rated glucose control, health worries, and A1C. Internal consistency ranged from 0.89 to 0.95.


CONCLUSIONS
The Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Tool offers a comprehensive assessment of patient acceptability, with diabetes therapy useful for individualizing therapeutic decision making.
Survey of HDFS and MapReduce

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is the primary component of the Hadoop framework responsible for storage, which is designed for maintaining and processing huge datasets efficiently among clusters. Files are uploaded from a local file system to the HDFS so as to cooperate with MapReduce which is the computation infrastructure of Hadoop. There have been various system architectures that have been implemented for extensively large data analysis and computing applications which include distributed relational database management systems. However most of the data that is frequently growing is the data in unstructured form and thus new processing methods with more flexible data models were required. Hadoop has provided several solutions including the MapReduce architecture which was pioneered by Google and is now available in an open-source implementation. Keywords— Hadoop Distributed File System
Eduardo Torroja’s Zarzuela Racecourse grandstand: Design, construction, evolution and critical assessment from the Structural Art perspective

Abstract The grandstands of La Zarzuela Racecourse in Madrid designed by the engineer E. Torroja and the architects C. Arniches and M. Dominguez are one of the world’s most outstanding concrete constructions of the first half of the 20th century. This paper describes the design competition and the conceptual design process that led to their construction and carries out a critical assessment of the grandstands from the perspective of Structural Art. By doing so, the paper helps to develop the discipline of structural criticism, and points out lessons learned from their design and construction process which should not be forgotten at the present time, such as: (a) the importance of design competitions; (b) the fact that the pursuit of economy and efficiency can actually improve the quality and aesthetics of the design; (c) the importance of combining logical reasoning based on technical criteria with imagination to achieve excellence in structural design; and (d) the importance of estimating structural behavior by simple formulas and of learning from both existing structures and experimental models.
Human adaptability studies at high altitude: research designs and major concepts during fifty years of discovery.

OBJECTIVES
This report presents a perspective on the broad research trends in the biology of human populations at high-altitude and their contributions to the improved understanding of evolution and adaptation. A focus is on the research that has occurred over the past 50 years of anthropological fieldwork on the Andean, Tibetan, and, to a lesser extent, the East African plateaus.


METHODS
With an emphasis on fieldwork studies, this report presents and illustrates major concepts and research designs in published high-altitude studies.


RESULTS
Early use of a single population-multiple stress research design focused on Andean Quechua, sometimes in comparison with European or admixed Andean-European samples. That design identified physical and sociocultural environmental factors including cold and under nutrition as well as high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia. Researchers accumulated evidence supporting the hypothesis of four modes of adaptation to a complex Andean highland environment: cultural, acclimatization, developmental, and genetic. The discovery that Andean biological patterns were not replicated among Tibetan highlanders stimulated research on the extent and origins of the contrasts. It also shifted emphasis to a multiple population - single stress study design. The discovery of oxygen-homeostasis-associated genetic loci and traits in all multicellular animals has transformed high-altitude research. Paradoxically, genomic analyses identifying the pertinent biological pathways are likely to return interest to environmental factors other than hypoxia.


CONCLUSIONS
Details of the proximate mechanisms, the biochemical, and physiological processes underlying the three modes of biological adaptation are accumulating. Better understanding of oxygen-homeostasis processes leads to questions about crossadaptation with other environmental factors. The particulars of the ultimate mechanisms, the evolutionary, and microevolutionary history underlying the population differences are also emerging. For example, similar hemoglobin phenotypes among Tibetan and Ethiopian Amhara highlanders associate with different genetic loci and the variants at those loci are present in most populations regardless of altitude. Continuing fieldwork is urgent because modernization and migration are changing the traditional ways of life and patterns of exposure to the environment among highlanders everywhere.
Spacelike and timelike response of confined relativistic particles

Abstract.Basic theoretical issues relating to the response of confined relativistic particles are considered including the scaling of the response in spacelike and timelike regions of momentum transfer and the role of final-state interactions. A simple single-particle potential model incorporating relativity and linear confinement is solved exactly and its response is calculated. The response is studied in common approximation schemes and it is found that final-state interactions effects persist in the limit that the three-momentum transferred to the target is large. The fact that the particles are bound leads to a nonzero response in the timelike region of four-momentum transfer equal to about 10% of the total strength. The strength in the timelike region must be taken into account to fulfill the particle number sum rule.
Role of video games in improving health-related outcomes: a systematic review.

CONTEXT
Video games represent a multibillion-dollar industry in the U.S. Although video gaming has been associated with many negative health consequences, it also may be useful for therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study was to determine whether video games may be useful in improving health outcomes.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Literature searches were performed in February 2010 in six databases: the Center on Media and Child Health Database of Research, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Reference lists were hand-searched to identify additional studies. Only RCTs that tested the effect of video games on a positive, clinically relevant health consequence were included. Study selection criteria were strictly defined and applied by two researchers working independently. Study background information (e.g., location, funding source); sample data (e.g., number of study participants, demographics); intervention and control details; outcomes data; and quality measures were abstracted independently by two researchers.


EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Of 1452 articles retrieved using the current search strategy, 38 met all criteria for inclusion. Eligible studies used video games to provide physical therapy, psychological therapy, improved disease self-management, health education, distraction from discomfort, increased physical activity, and skills training for clinicians. Among the 38 studies, a total of 195 health outcomes were examined. Video games improved 69% of psychological therapy outcomes, 59% of physical therapy outcomes, 50% of physical activity outcomes, 46% of clinician skills outcomes, 42% of health education outcomes, 42% of pain distraction outcomes, and 37% of disease self-management outcomes. Study quality was generally poor; for example, two thirds (66%) of studies had follow-up periods of <12 weeks, and only 11% of studies blinded researchers.


CONCLUSIONS
There is potential promise for video games to improve health outcomes, particularly in the areas of psychological therapy and physical therapy. RCTs with appropriate rigor will help build evidence in this emerging area.
Probiotic ice cream: viability of probiotic bacteria and sensory properties

Ice cream is a dairy product with good potential to act as a food carrier for probiotic bacteria. The incorporation of probiotic bacteria into ice cream is highly advantageous since, in addition to making a functional healthy food, ice cream in itself contains beneficial substances such as dairy raw materials, vitamins and minerals, and is consumed by the general population. Also, compared with fermented milks as a vehicle, ice cream supports considerably greater viability of probiotic strains during production and especially storage. However, losses in the viability of probiotic bacteria in ice cream unavoidably occur during product formulation, processing, storage and melting. During these stages, probiotic cells are subjected to different stresses related to pH, acidity, redox potential, freezing, oxygen (especially in overrun processing), sugar concentration and osmotic effects, hydrogen peroxide, antagonistic impact of co-cultures (in fermented ice creams), and mechanical shearing. It seems that the rate of loss of probiotic cells is greater during the freezing process than during storage. Practicing methods such as selection and application of oxygen-resistant probiotic strains, elimination of molecular oxygen (using oxygen-scavenging components, packaging material that is impermeable to oxygen as well as thicker packaging materials and active packaging systems), applying severe heat treatment, using microencapsulation techniques, and adjusting the product formulation (e.g., fortification of milk with nutrients and prebiotics) can increase the viability of probiotics in the final product. Supplementation of ice cream with probiotic bacteria has been found to have little effect on its flavor, texture or other sensory characteristics. There are also many ways to improve the sensory attributes of the product to compensate for any changes that do occur. This article reviews the viability of probiotic bacteria in ice cream and the main methods used to improve their viability and the sensory characteristics of probiotic ice cream.
Problems and conjectures presented at the Third International Conference on Permutation Patterns (University of Florida, March 7-11, 2005)

A permutation is an arrangement of a finite number of distinct elements of a linear order, for example, e, π, 0, √ 2 and 3412. Two permutations are order isomorphic if the have the same relative ordering. We say a permutation τ contains or involves the permutation β if deleting some of the entries of τ gives a permutation that is order isomorphic to β, and we write β ≤ τ . For example, 534162 (when permutations contain only single digit natural numbers we suppress the commas) contains 321 (delete the values 4, 6, and 2). A permutation avoids a permutation if it does not contain it. For a set of permutations B define Av(B) to be the set of permutations that avoid all of the permutations in B and let sn(B) denote the number of permutations of length n in Av(B). A set of permutations or class C is closed if π ∈ C and σ ≤ π implies σ ∈ C. Therefore Av(B) is a class for every set of permutations B and every permutation class can be written as Av(B) for some set B. An antichain of permutations is a set of permutations such that no permutation contains another. We call a set of permutations B the basis of a class of permutations C if C = Av(B) and B is an antichain.
Novel Design of Dual Band-Notched Monopole Antenna With Bandwidth Enhancement for UWB Applications

This letter proposes a novel printed monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications with dual band-notched function. The antenna consists of a square radiating patch with an inverted T-shaped ring slot, surrounded by a C-shaped slot, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 125% (2.71-12.06 GHz). In this structure, by cutting an inverted T-shaped slot, the impedance bandwidth is effectively improved at the upper frequency. In order to generate single band-notched characteristics, we use an inverted T-shaped slot, surrounded by a C-shaped slot, in the radiating patch. By adding an inverted T-shaped parasitic structure inside the inverted T-shaped slot on the radiating patch, a dual band-notched function is achieved, and also by inserting this parasitic structure, additional resonance is excited, and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band-notch monopole antenna offers a wide bandwidth with two notched bands, covering all the 5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN, 3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX, and 4-GHz C-bands. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 × 18 × 0.8 mm3.
"Do GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary events) risk scores still maintain their performance for predicting mortality in the era of contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes?".

BACKGROUND
Although the GRACE risk scores (RS) are the preferred scoring system for risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), little is known whether these RS still maintain their performance in the current era. We aimed to investigate this issue in a contemporary population with ACS.


METHODS
The study population composed of patients enrolled in the MASCARA national registry. The GRACE RS were calculated for each patient. Discrimination and calibration were evaluated with the C statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, in the whole population and according to the type of ACS, risk strata, and whether the patient had a history of diabetes and/or chronic renal failure. We determined if left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) provides incremental prognostic information above that established by the RS and whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during admission affects the performance of the score for predicting 6-month mortality.


RESULTS
The 5,985 patients constituted the validation cohort for the in-hospital mortality RS and 5,635 the validation cohort for the 6-month mortality RS. Overall, both GRACE RS demonstrated excellent discrimination (C > 0.80) and calibration (all P values in Hosmer-Lemeshow >.1). Although similar results were seen in all subgroups, the 6-month mortality RS performed significantly less well in patients undergoing PCI compared to those patients who did not (C = 0.73 vs 0.76, P < .004). Adding LVEF to the RS did not convey significant prognostic information.


CONCLUSIONS
The GRACE RS for predicting in-hospital and 6-month mortality still maintain their excellent performance in a contemporary cohort of patients with ACS. Further studies are needed to investigate the performance of the 6-month mortality GRACE score in patients undergoing in-hospital PCI. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not convey significant information over that provided by the RS.
Gravitational Radiation Limit on the Spin of Young Neutron Stars

A newly discovered instability in rotating neutron stars, driven by gravitational radiation reaction acting on the stars’ r-modes, is shown here to set an upper limit on the spin rate of young neutron stars. We calculate the timescales for growth of linear perturbations due to gravitational radiation reaction, and for dissipation by shear and bulk viscosity, working to second order in a slow-rotation expansion within a Newtonian polytropic stellar model. The results are very temperature-sensitive: in hot neutron stars (T > 10 K), the lowest-order r-modes are unstable, while in colder stars they are damped by viscosity. (Similar results have also been obtained independently by Lindblom et al (1998), working however to first order in rotation, which omits key terms needed for the viscosity calculation.) These calculations have a number of interesting astrophysical implications. First, the r-mode instability will spin down a newly born neutron star to a period close to the initial period inferred for the Crab pulsar, probably between 10 and 20 ms. Second, as an initially rapidly rotating star star spins down, an energy equivalent to roughly 1% of a solar mass is radiated as gravitational waves, which makes the process an interesting source for detectable gravitational waves. Third, the r-mode instability rules out the scenario whereby millisecond pulsars are formed by accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf: the new star would be hot enough to spin down to much slower rates. Stars with periods less than perhaps 10 ms must have been formed by spin-up through accretion in binary systems, where they remain colder than the Eddington temperature of about 10 K. More accurate calculations will be required to define the limiting spin period more reliably, and we discuss the importance of the major uncertainties in the stellar models, in the initial conditions after collapse, and in the physics of cooling, superfluidity and the equation of state.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Tensile Strength of Dental Acrylic Resins

Background and aims. Adding further fillers to dental resins may enhance their physical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of heat-curing acrylic resin reinforced by TiO2nanoparticles added into the resin matrix. Materials and methods. Commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained and characterized using X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their crystalline structure, particle size and morphology. TiO2-acrylic resin nanocomposite was prepared by mixing 0.5, 1 and 2 (wt%) of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles in an amalgamator providing three groups of samples. Before curing, the obtained paste was packed into steel molds. After cur-ing, the specimens were removed from the molds. The tensile strength test samples were prepared according to ISO 1567. Results. Two crystalline phases were found in TiO2 nanoparticles including: (i) anatase as the major one, and (ii) rutile. The average particle size calculated according to the Scherrer equation was 20.4 nm, showing a normal size distribution. According to SEM images, the nanocomposite with 1wt% TiO2 nanoparticles had a better distribution compared to other groups. In addition, the group by 1wt% TiO2 exhibited higher tensile strength with a significant difference compared to other groups. ANOVA showed significant differences between the contents of TiO2 particles in acrylic resin (F = 22.19; P < 0.001). Conclusion. A considerable increase in tensile strength was observed with titania NPs reinforcement agents in 1wt% by weight. Further increase of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased the tensile strength.
Multiband Signal Generation and Dispersion-Tolerant Transmission Based on Photonic Frequency Tripling Technology for 60-GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Systems

We designed and experimentally demonstrated an efficient photonic frequency-tripling technology for 60-GHz radio-over-fiber systems to simultaneously realize millimeter-wave (mm-wave), microwave, and baseband signal generation. The technique utilizes vestigial sideband filtering in combination with optical carrier suppression to generate novel alternate subcarrier modulation for high tolerance of fiber dispersion. Experimental verification of the proposed scheme is presented with generation and error-free transmission of 2.1-Gb/s data on the 63-GHz mm-wave and 21-GHz microwave carriers over 50-km single-mode fiber (SMF-28) without dispersion compensation. The power penalty for both signals is less than 1.0 dB.