LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
ProcessProfiler 3 D : A visualisation framework for log-based process performance comparison

An organisation can significantly improve its performance by observing how their business operations are currently being carried out. A great way to derive evidence-based process improvement insights is to compare the behaviour and performance of processes for different process cohorts by utilising the information recorded in event logs. A process cohort is a coherent group of process instances that has one or more shared characteristics. Such process performance comparisons can highlight positive or negative variations that can be evident in a particular cohort, thus enabling a tailored approach to process improvement. Although existing process mining techniques can be used to calculate various statistics from event logs for performance analysis, most techniques calculate and display the statistics for each cohort separately. Furthermore, the numerical statistics and simple visualisations may not be intuitive enough to allow users to compare the performance of various cohorts efficiently and effectively. We developed a novel visualisation framework for log-based process performance comparison to address these issues. It enables analysts to quickly identify the performance differences between cohorts. The framework supports the selection of cohorts and a three-dimensional visualisation to compare the cohorts using a variety of performance metrics. The approach has been implemented as a set of plug-ins within the open source process mining framework ProM and has been evaluated using two real-life datasets from the insurance domain to assess the usefulness of such a tool. This paper also derives a set of design principles from our approach which provide guidance for the development of new approaches to process cohort performance comparison. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The incidence and risk factors of metachronous colorectal cancer: an indication for follow-up.

BACKGROUND
Patients with colorectal cancer are at risk for developing metachronous colorectal cancer. The purpose of posttreatment surveillance is to detect and remove premalignant lesions to prevent metachronous colorectal cancer.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and predictive factors for metachronous colorectal cancer in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer.


DESIGN AND PATIENTS
The data on all patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer between 1995 and 2006 were obtained from the Rotterdam Cancer Registry in The Netherlands and studied for metachronous colorectal cancer.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The annual incidence rate and the standardized incidence ratios were calculated.


RESULTS
In total, colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 10,283 patients; there were 39,974 person-years of follow-up. The mean annual incidence rate of metachronous colorectal cancer was 314/100,000 person-years at risk during 10 years of follow-up, corresponding with a mean annual incidence of 0.3% and a cumulative incidence of 1.1% at 3 years, 2.0% at 6 years, and 3.1% at 10 years. The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer after resection of a first colorectal cancer is significantly higher than the incidence of colorectal cancer in an age- and sex-matched general population (standardized incidence ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5). This difference is especially seen during the first 3 years after first colorectal cancer diagnosis (standardized incidence ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8). The presence of synchronous colorectal cancer was the only significant risk factor for developing metachronous colorectal cancer (relative risk 13.9, 95% CI 4.7-41.0).


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the availability of colonoscopy, metachronous colorectal cancer is still seen during follow-up in patients with colorectal cancer; the highest risk is during the first 3 years after initial diagnosis. For this reason, a follow-up colonoscopy is useful at a short-term interval after colorectal cancer diagnosis. The presence of synchronous colorectal cancer at the time of first colorectal cancer diagnosis is the only predictive risk factor for developing metachronous colorectal cancer. Tailored surveillance programs may be considered in patients with a diagnosis of synchronous tumors.
Downlink Spectral Efficiency of Mobile WiMAX

Mobile WiMAX is an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) mobile broadband air interface defined by the IEEE 802.16 family of standards and promoted by the WiMAX Forum as a solution to the requirements for mobile Internet services. Mobile WiMAX employs a number of radical enhancements, such as scalable OFDMA and advanced antenna techniques as basic features, compared to existing mobile technologies. This paper presents the results of extensive simulations to evaluate the downlink performance of mobile WiMAX employing MIMO. The results show that the use of OFDMA, large channel bandwidths, and MIMO techniques enables mobile WiMAX to provide a spectrally efficient cellular communications system suitable for broadband wireless services.
Introduction to the Galois Theory of Linear Differential Equations

This is an expanded version of the 10 lectures given as the 2006 London Mathematical Society Invited Lecture Series at the Heriot-Watt University 31 July - 4 August 2006.
A Review of Data Classification Using K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm

To classify data whether it is in the field of neural networks or maybe it is any application of Biometrics viz: Handwriting classification or Iris detection, feasibly the most candid classifier in the stockpile or machine learning techniques is the Nearest Neighbor Classifier in which classification is achieved by identifying the nearest neighbors to a query example and using those neighbors to determine the class of the query. K-NN classification classifies instances based on their similarity to instances in the training data. This paper presents various output with various distance used in algorithm and may help to know the response of classifier for the desired application it also represents computational issues in identifying nearest neighbors and mechanisms for reducing the dimension of the data. Keywords— K-NN, Biometrics, Classifier,distance
Interval efficiency assessment using data envelopment analysis

This paper studies how to conduct efficiency assessment using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in interval and/or fuzzy input–output environments. A new pair of interval DEA models is constructed on the basis of interval arithmetic, which differs from the existing DEA models handling interval data in that the former is a linear CCR model without the need of extra variable alternations and uses a fixed and unified production frontier (i.e. the same constraint set) to measure the efficiencies of decision-making units (DMUs) with interval input and output data, while the latter is usually a nonlinear optimization problem with the need of extra variable alternations or scale transformations and utilizes variable production frontiers (i.e. different constraint sets) to measure interval efficiencies. Ordinal preference information and fuzzy data are converted into interval data through the estimation of permissible intervals and -levelsets, respectively, and are incorporated into the interval DEA models. The proposed interval DEA models are developed for measuring the lower and upper bounds of the best relative efficiency of each DMU with interval input and output data, which are different from the interval formed by the worst and the best relative efficiencies of each DMU. A minimax regret-based approach (MRA) is introduced to compare and rank This research was supported by the project on Human Social Science of MOE, P.R.China under the Grant No. 01JA790082, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the Grant No: 70271056, and also in part by the European Commission under the Grant No: IPS-2000-00030, the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) under the Grant No: GR/R32413/01, and Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation under the Grant No: 71080. ∗ Corresponding author. Manchester Business School East, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK. Tel.: +44 161 2750788; fax: +44 161 2003505. E-mail addresses: msymwang@hotmail.com , Yingming.Wang@Manchester.ac.uk (Y.-M. Wang). 0165-0114/$ see front matter © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fss.2004.12.011 348 Y.-M. Wang et al. / Fuzzy Sets and Systems 153 (2005) 347–370 the efficiency intervals of DMUs. Two numerical examples are provided to show the applications of the proposed interval DEA models and the preference ranking approach. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Medical and environmental risk factors for the development of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: a population study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate medical and environmental risk factors for central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), the most common type of scarring alopecia in African American women.


DESIGN
A population study involving a quantitative cross-sectional survey of risk factors for CCCA. Survey results are then correlated with a clinical evaluation for CCCA using a standardized, previously published central scalp alopecia photographic scale.


SETTING
Two African American churches and a health fair for African American women in Cleveland, Ohio.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 326 African American women who participated in the hair study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of CCCA in the general African American population and risk factors associated with CCCA.


RESULTS
Of the 326 responders, 28% received a grade of 2 or higher using a standardized, previously published central scalp alopecia photographic scale, a score consistent with clinically evident central hair loss. Advanced central hair loss with clinical signs of scarring (grade ≥ 3) was seen in 59% of these respondents and was interpreted as clinically consistent with CCCA. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was significantly higher in those with CCCA (P = . 01), as were bacterial scalp infections (P = .045) and hair styles associated with traction (eg, from braids and weaves) (P = .02).


CONCLUSIONS
Our survey results suggest that there is a high prevalence of central hair loss among African American women. Hair styles causing traction as well as inflammation in the form of bacterial infection may be contributing to the development of CCCA. The increase in diabetes mellitus type 2 among those with CCCA is in line with the recent theory that cicatricial alopecia may be a manifestation of metabolic dysregulation.
Plasma membrane permeabilization by trains of ultrashort electric pulses.

Ultrashort electric pulses (USEP) cause long-lasting increase of cell membrane electrical conductance, and that a single USEP increased cell membrane electrical conductance proportionally to the absorbed dose (AD) with a threshold of about 10 mJ/g. The present study extends quantification of the membrane permeabilization effect to multiple USEP and employed a more accurate protocol that identified USEP effect as the difference between post- and pre-exposure conductance values (Deltag) in individual cells. We showed that Deltag can be increased by either increasing the number of pulses at a constant E-field, or by increasing the E-field at a constant number of pulses. For 60-ns pulses, an E-field threshold of 6 kV/cm for a single pulse was lowered to less than 1.7 kV/cm by applying 100-pulse or longer trains. However, the reduction of the E-field threshold was only achieved at the expense of a higher AD compared to a single pulse exposure. Furthermore, the effect of multiple pulses was not fully determined by AD, suggesting that cells permeabilized by the first pulse(s) in the train become less vulnerable to subsequent pulses. This explanation was corroborated by a model that treated multiple-pulse exposures as a series of single-pulse exposures and assumed an exponential decline of cell susceptibility to USEP as Deltag increased after each pulse during the course of the train.
Empirical evaluation of abstract argumentation: Supporting the need for bipolar and probabilistic approaches

In dialogical argumentation, it is often assumed that the involved parties will always correctly identify the intended statements posited by each other and realize all of the associated relations, conform to the three acceptability states (accepted, rejected, undecided), adjust their views whenever new and correct information comes in, and that a framework handling only attack relations is sufficient to represent their opinions. Although it is natural to make these assumptions as a starting point for further research, dropping some of them has become quite challenging. Probabilistic argumentation is one of the approaches that can be harnessed for more accurate user modelling. The epistemic approach allows us to represent how much a given argument is believed or disbelieved by a given person, offering us the possibility to express more than just three agreement states. It comes equipped with a wide range of postulates, including those that do not make any restrictions concerning how initial arguments should be viewed. Thus, this approach is potentially more suitable for handling beliefs of the people that have not fully disclosed their opinions or counterarguments with respect to standard Dung’s semantics. The constellation approach can be used to represent the views of different people concerning the structure of the framework we are dealing with, including situations in which not all relations are acknowledged or when they are seen differently than intended. Finally, bipolar argumentation frameworks can be used to express both positive and negative relations between arguments. In this paper we will describe the results of an experiment in which participants were asked to judge dialogues in terms of agreement and structure. We will compare our findings with the aforementioned assumptions as well as with the constellation and epistemic approaches to probabilistic argumentation and bipolar argumentation. Keywords— Dialogical argumentation, probabilistic argumentation, abstract argumentation ∗This research is funded by EPSRC Project EP/N008294/1 “Framework for Computational Persuasion”.We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments that helped us to improve this paper.
A pilot trial assessing the efficacy of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) in controlling hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND
Many breast cancer survivors suffer debilitating hot flashes. Estrogen, the drug of choice in perimenopausal women, is generally not recommenced to breast cancer survivors. Nonhormonal treatments are mostly disappointing. Anecdotal reports in our institution suggested that the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine hydrochloride, might be efficacious in alleviating hot flashes.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty women with prior breast cancer who were suffering at least two hot flashes a day entered a single institution pilot trial to evaluate paroxetine's efficacy in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes. After completing daily diaries for one week on no therapy, the women received open-label paroxetine, 10 mg daily for one week, followed by four weeks of paroxetine, 20 mg daily. The women completed hot-flash daily diaries throughout the study period, and a health-related symptom-assessment questionnaire and a quality-of-life rating scale in the first and sixth week of the study.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven women completed the six-week study period. The mean reduction of hot flash frequency was 67% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 56%-79%). The mean reduction in hot flash severity score was 75% (95% CI: 66%-85%). There was a statistically significant improvement in depression, sleep, anxiety, and quality of life scores. Furthermore, 25 (83%) of the study participants chose to continue paroxetine therapy at the end of study. The most common adverse effect was somnolence, resulting in drug discontinuation in two women, and dose reduction in two women. One woman discontinued drug due to anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
Paroxetine hydrochloride is a promising new treatment for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors, and warrants further evaluation in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Learning Image Representations Tied to Ego-Motion

Understanding how images of objects and scenes behave in response to specific ego-motions is a crucial aspect of proper visual development, yet existing visual learning methods are conspicuously disconnected from the physical source of their images. We propose to exploit proprioceptive motor signals to provide unsupervised regularization in convolutional neural networks to learn visual representations from egocentric video. Specifically, we enforce that our learned features exhibit equivariance, i.e, they respond predictably to transformations associated with distinct ego-motions. With three datasets, we show that our unsupervised feature learning approach significantly outperforms previous approaches on visual recognition and next-best-view prediction tasks. In the most challenging test, we show that features learned from video captured on an autonomous driving platform improve large-scale scene recognition in static images from a disjoint domain.
Role of 1 and 3 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function recovery after acute ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effect of five daily sessions of 1 vs. 3 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor recovery in acute stroke.


METHODS
A total of 36 patients with acute ischaemic stroke participated in the study. The patients were randomly assigned into one of three groups; the first and second groups received real rTMS; 1 and 3 Hz and third group received sham stimulation, daily for 5 days. Motor disability was assessed before and after the last session, and then after first, second and third month. Cortical excitability was assessed before and after the second and fifth session. The outcome measure was clinical disability at 3 months post-rTMS.


RESULTS
No significant differences were found in basal rating scales between the three groups. At the 3-month time point, both of the real rTMS groups had improved significantly more in different rating scales than the sham group; in addition, the 1 Hz group performed better than the 3 Hz group. Measures of cortical excitability immediately after the last session showed that the 1 Hz group had reduced excitability of the non-stroke hemisphere and increased excitability of the stroke hemisphere, whereas the 3 Hz group only showed increased excitability of the stroke hemisphere.


CONCLUSION
These results confirm that five daily sessions of rTMS over motor cortex using either 1 Hz over the unaffected hemisphere or 3 Hz over the affected hemisphere can enhance recovery. At 3 months, the improvement was more pronounced in 1 Hz group.
Impact of Screening Program on Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in Italy

OBJECTIVES:Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been shown to be effective in reducing cause-specific mortality. However, although it detects pre-cancerous adenomas, it is uncertain whether FOBT reduces the incidence of invasive cancer. The objective is to evaluate the impact of screening with immunochemical FOBT (FIT) on CRC incidence and mortality.METHODS:An organized screening program was implemented in 2005 in the province of Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy). The program invites the resident population aged 50–69 for FIT every 2 years. Subjects who test positive are referred for colonoscopy. Incidence was studied through cancer registry. Person-times of people aged 50–74 from 1997 to 2012 were classified for exposure to screening according to age and period. Furthermore, two open cohorts—one never screened (aged 50–69 in 1997) and one invited for screening (aged 50–69 in 2005)—were followed up for 8 years.RESULTS:A total of 171,785 people have been invited, and approximately 70% have undergone FIT at least once (272,197 tests). The rate of colonoscopy participation has been about 90%, and 2896 cancers have been recorded (1237 in the screening period). The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios as compared with pre-screening were 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–1.79), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.94), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.50–0.69) for the first round, subsequent rounds, and post screening, respectively. Cumulative incidence and incidence-based mortality decreased by 10% (95% CI, 3–17%) and 27% (95% CI, 15–37%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:FIT screening leads to a decrease in the incidence of CRC and in its mortality.
Abductive science inquiry using mobile devices in the classroom

Recent advancements in digital technology have attracted the interest of educators and researchers to develop technology-assisted inquiry-based learning environments in the domain of school science education. Traditionally, school science education has followed deductive and inductive forms of inquiry investigation, while the abductive form of inquiry has previously been sparsely explored in the literature related to computers and education. We have therefore designed a mobile learning application ‘ThinknLearn’, which assists high school students in generating hypotheses during abductive inquiry investigations. The M3 evaluation framework was used to investigate the effectiveness of using ‘ThinknLearn’ to facilitate student learning. The results indicated in this paper showed improvements in the experimental group’s learning performance as compared to a control group in pre-post tests. In addition, the experimental group also maintained this advantage during retention tests as well as developing positive attitudes toward mobile learning. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature

Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is increasingly used for the treatment of a wide variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusions, and retinopathy of prematurity. Despite encouraging results in halting the disease and improving the vision, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents may be associated with systemic adverse events and devastating ocular complications. In this review, we provide an overview of safety data for intravitreal injection of common anti-VEGF agents.
Randomized study to assess the effect of thrombus aspiration on flow area in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an optical frequency domain imaging study--TROFI trial.

AIMS
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with thrombectomy (TB) seems to reduce the thrombus burden, resulting in a larger flow area as measured with optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI).


METHODS AND RESULTS
In a multi-centre study, 141 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction <12 h from onset were randomized to either PPCI with TB using an Eliminate catheter (TB: n = 71) or without TB (non-TB: n = 70), having operators blinded for the OFDI results. The primary endpoint was minimum flow area (MinFA) post-procedure assessed by OFDI, defined as: [stent area + incomplete stent apposition (ISA) area] - (intraluminal defect + tissue prolapse area). Sample size was based on the expected difference of 0.72 mm(2) in MinFA. Baseline demographics, pre-procedural quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), and procedural characteristics were well matched between the two groups. On OFDI, the stent area (TB: 7.62 ± 2.23 mm(2), non-TB: 7.05 ± 2.12 mm(2), P = 0.14) and MinFA (TB: 7.08 ± 2.14 mm(2) vs. non-TB: 6.51 ± 1.99 mm(2), Δ0.57 mm(2), P = 0.12) were not different. In addition, the amount of protrusion, intraluminal defect, and ISA area were similar in the both groups.


CONCLUSION
PPCI with TB was associated with a similar flow area as well as stent area to PPCI without TB.