LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of the Incredible Years Teacher Training programme and a curriculum unit on social and emotional skills in community pre-schools in Jamaica.

BACKGROUND
School-based interventions involving teacher and/or child training have been shown to benefit teacher practices and to prevent conduct problems and improve children's social and emotional competence in developed countries; however, we are aware of no reports from a developing country. We conducted a pilot study of the Incredible Years Teacher Training programme and a curriculum unit on social and emotional skills based on concepts and activities drawn from the Incredible Years Dina Dinosaur Classroom Curriculum to determine if this approach is appropriate for use with Jamaican pre-school teachers and children.


METHODS
Five pre-schools in Kingston, Jamaica were randomly assigned to an intervention (3 pre-schools with 15 classrooms) or control (2 pre-schools with 12 classrooms) condition. Intervention involved seven whole-day teacher workshops using the Incredible Years Teacher Training programme supplemented by 14 child lessons in each class. The project was evaluated through structured observations of four categories of teacher behaviour and four observer ratings: two rating scales of child behaviour and two rating scales of classroom atmosphere.


RESULTS
Significant intervention benefits were found to teachers' behaviour with increased positive behaviour [b = 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5, 12.3], reduced negative behaviour (b =-3.5; 95% CI: -6.6, -0.2) and increases in the extent to which teachers promoted children's social and emotional skills (b = 46.4; 95% CI: 11.0, 81.7). The number of teacher commands was not significantly reduced (b =-2.71; 95% CI: -6.01, 0.59). Significant intervention benefits were found to ratings of child behaviour with an increase in children's appropriate behaviour (b = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 10.8) and in children's interest and enthusiasm (b = 7.2, 95% CI: 0.9, 13.5). Intervention also benefited classroom atmosphere with increases in opportunities provided for children to share and help each other (b = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.1) and in teacher warmth (b = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.8).


CONCLUSION
This is a promising approach for improving the emotional climate of Jamaican pre-school classrooms and for improving child behaviour and participation.
System electrical parameters and their effects on bearing currents

This paper examines ac motor shaft voltages and resulting bearing currents when operated under Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage source inverters. The paper reviews the electrical characteristics of bearings and motors that cause shaft voltages and bearing currents. A brief review of previous work is presented, including a system model for electrical analysis of bearing currents. Relying on the work of a companion paper, the propensity for Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is determined by a design equation that is a function of system components. Pertinent machine parameters and their formulas are presented and values calculated for machines from 5 to 1000 Hp. The effects of system elements on shaft voltages and bearing currents are evaluated experimentally and the results compared to theory. Finally, the paper will present quantitative results for one solution to the shaft voltage and bearing current problem.
Clinical manifestations of fat embolism syndrome

Fat conglomerations have been observed in the pulmonary capillaries in various disease states l 11, 30, 53, 56, 59 l These states need not have much else in common other than the obviously ubiquitous presence of unstabilized, embolized, or deposited fat; nor need the source of origin of the fat be the same. Fat globuli or emboli have been induced experimentally either by mimicking clinical trauma l 7, 30, 37, 55 l or by injecting fats intravenously with the inevitable result of fat globuli harbouring in the lung capillaries l 36 l In the latter case especially, the only factor in common with any clinical state may be the blocking of lung circulation and the consequences of the toxicity of the injected material. In necropsy studies, fat emboli (FE)' have been discovered in the lung capillaries, especially after mechanical trauma l 61 l. Soon after the first morphological findings, the clinical fat embolism syndrome (FES) was described by von Bergmann l 8 l. As early as in 1898, Carrara l 11 l described the following, still pertinent symptoms: dyspnoea, lung oedema, mental disturbances, fever, and fat in urine. Since the development of the concept of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency l 41 l, various aetiological factors have been found to result in similar lung changes and hypoxaemia in surgical patients On the other hand, this generalized concept has led to the obscuring of the concept of FES, which, for clinicians working with skeletal trauma, is still a well definable entity l 45, 53, 56 l The acceptance of FES as an entity in connection with musculoskeletal trauma does not exclude the possibility of other types of respiratory distress in these patients l 19 l. This article is an effort to review briefly some of the vast literature concerning FE and FES after musculoskeletal trauma, to give an account of our own investigations concerning the diagnosis, to evaluate the possibilities of experimental research in clarifying the clinical syndrome, and to survey the therapeutic alternatives In the scope of this article, it is impossible to cover all the investigations which have increased our knowledge of this syndrome The references may be considered as examples of the research work which has been done to elucidate the various aspects of the problem.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Software Engineering Project Management 20 Years Later

A little more than 20 years ago, the guest editors assembled several papers on software engineering project management for the January 1984 edition of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. Those papers portrayed the state of the practice in SEPM and looked into its future. They decided to revisit SEPM and assemble another set of articles that reflect how SEPM had advanced over the past 20 years and offer a fresh prediction of what lies ahead.
Deep Learning with unsupervised data labeling for weeds detection on UAV images

In recent years, weeds is responsible for most of the agricultural yield losses. To deal 1 with this threat, farmers resort to spraying pesticides throughout the field. Such method not only 2 requires huge quantities of herbicides but impact environment and humans health. One way to 3 reduce the cost and environmental impact is to allocate the right doses of herbicide at the right 4 place and at the right time (Precision Agriculture). Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is 5 becoming an interesting acquisition system for weeds localization and management due to its ability 6 to obtain the images of the entire agricultural field with a very high spatial resolution and at low cost. 7 Despite the important advances in UAV acquisition systems, automatic weeds detection remains a 8 challenging problem because of its strong similarity with the crops. Recently Deep Learning approach 9 has shown impressive results in different complex classification problem. However, this approach 10 needs a certain amount of training data but, creating large agricultural datasets with pixel-level 11 annotations by expert is an extremely time consuming task. In this paper, we propose a novel fully 12 automatic learning method using Convolutional Neuronal Networks (CNNs) with unsupervised 13 training dataset collection for weeds detection from UAV images. The proposed method consists 14 in three main phases. First we automatically detect the crop lines and using them to identify the 15 interline weeds. In the second phase, interline weeds are used to constitute the training dataset. 16 Finally, we performed CNNs on this dataset to build a model able to detect the crop and weeds in the 17 images. The results obtained are comparable to the traditional supervised training data labeling. The 18 accuracy gaps are 1.5% in the spinach field and 6% in the bean field. 19
Contribution of ribavirin transporter gene polymorphism to treatment response in peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for HCV genotype 1b patients.

BACKGROUND
Standard-dose ribavirin is crucial for the standard-of-care treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), encoded by SLC29A1 gene, is the main transporter that imports ribavirin into human hepatocytes.


AIMS
To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the SLC29A1 gene could influence the probability of treatment response compared with other baseline and host genetic factors.


METHODS
A total of 526 East Asian patients monoinfected with HCV genotype 1b who had received pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin therapy were enrolled in this study. They were assigned randomly to the derivation and confirmatory groups. SNPs related to the IL28B, ITPA and SLC29A1 genes were genotyped using real-time detection polymerase chain reaction. Factors associated with sustained virological response (SVR) were analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
Multivariate analysis for the derivation group identified six baseline variables significantly and independently associated with SVR: age [P = 0.023, odds ratio (OR) = 0.97], gender (P = 0.0047, OR = 2.25), platelet count (P = 0.00017, OR = 1.11), viral load (P = 0.00026, OR = 0.54), IL28B SNP rs12979860 (P = 1.09 × 10(-7) , OR = 8.68) and SLC29A1 SNP rs6932345 (P = 0.030, OR = 1.85). Using the model constructed by these independent variables, positive and negative predictive values and predictive accuracy were 73.3, 70.1 and 71.9% respectively. For the confirmatory group, they were 71.4, 84.6 and 75.3% respectively. The SLC29A1 and IL28B SNPs were also significantly associated with rapid virological response.


CONCLUSIONS
The SNP at the major ribavirin transporter ENT1 gene SLC29A1 was one of significantly independent factors influencing treatment response, although the impact on the prediction was small.
Burden of tuberculosis in indigenous peoples globally: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND
The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the estimated 370 million indigenous peoples worldwide is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
To conduct a literature review to summarize the TB burden in indigenous peoples, identify gaps in current knowledge, and provide the foundation for a research agenda prioritizing indigenous health within TB control.


METHODS
A systematic literature review identified articles published between January 1990 and November 2011 quantifying TB disease burden in indigenous populations worldwide.


RESULTS
Among the 91 articles from 19 countries included in the review, only 56 were from outside Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. The majority of the studies showed higher TB rates among indigenous groups than non-indigenous groups. Studies from the Amazon generally reported the highest TB prevalence and incidence, but select populations from South-East Asia and Africa were found to have similarly high rates of TB. In North America, the Inuit had the highest reported TB incidence (156/100000), whereas the Metis of Canada and American Indians/Alaska Natives experienced rates of <10/100000. New Zealand's Maori and Pacific Islanders had higher TB incidence rates than Australian Aborigines, but all were at greater risk of developing TB than non-indigenous groups.


CONCLUSION
Where data exist, indigenous peoples were generally found to have higher rates of TB disease than non-indigenous peoples; however, this burden varied greatly. The paucity of published information on TB burden among indigenous peoples highlights the need to implement and improve TB surveillance to better measure and understand global disparities in TB rates.
Has our curriculum become math-phobic? (an American perspective)

We are concerned about a view in undergraduate computer science education, especially in the early courses, that it's okay to be math-phobic and still prepare oneself to become a computer scientist. Our view is the contrary: that any serious study of computer science requires students to achieve mathematical maturity (especially in discrete mathematics) early in their undergraduate studies, thus becoming well-prepared to integrate mathematical ideas, notations, and methodologies throughout their study of computer science. A major curricular implication of this theme is that the prerequisite expectations and conceptual level of the first discrete mathematics course should be the same as it is for the first calculus course --- secondary school pre-calculus and trigonometry. Ultimately, calculus, linear algebra, and statistics are also essential for computer science majors, but none should occur earlier than discrete mathematics. This paper explains our concerns and outlines our response as a series of examples and recommendations for future action.
A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression

BACKGROUND
Few trials have evaluated the effectiveness of psychological treatment in improving depression by the end of pregnancy. This is the first pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) looking at treating depression by the end of pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of delivering a CBT intervention modified for antenatal depression during pregnancy.


METHODS
Women in North Bristol, UK between 8-18 weeks pregnant were recruited through routine contact with midwives and randomised to receive up to 12 sessions of individual CBT in addition to usual care or to continue with usual care only. Women were eligible for randomisation if they screened positive on a 3-question depression screen used routinely by midwives and met ICD-10 criteria for depression assessed using the clinical interview schedule - revised version (CIS-R). Two CBT therapists delivered the intervention. Follow-up was at 15 and 33 weeks post-randomisation when assessments of mental health were made using measures which included the CIS-R.


RESULTS
Of the 50 women assessed for the trial, 36 met ICD-10 depression criteria and were randomised: 18 to the intervention and 18 to usual care. Thirteen of the 18 (72%) women who were allocated to receive the intervention completed 9 or more sessions of CBT before the end of pregnancy. Follow-up rates at 15 and 33 weeks post-randomisation were higher in the group who received the intervention (89% vs. 72% at 15 weeks and 89% vs. 61% at 33 weeks post-randomisation). At 15 weeks post-randomisation (the end of pregnancy), there were more women in the intervention group (11/16; 68.7%) who recovered (i.e. no longer met ICD-10 criteria for depression), than those receiving only usual care (5/13; 38.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot trial shows the feasibility of conducting a large RCT to assess the effectiveness of CBT for treating antenatal depression before the end of pregnancy. The intervention could be delivered during the antenatal period and there was some evidence to suggest that it could be effective.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN44902048.
Equivalence of differential operators

Two versions of the equivalence problem—determining when two second-order differential operators on the line are the same under a change of variables—are solved completely using the Cartan method of equivalence.
An n5/2 Algorithm for Maximum Matchings in Bipartite Graphs

The present paper shows how to construct a maximum matching in a bipartite graph with n vertices and m edges in a number of computation steps proportional to (m + n)x/.
Forecasting Gold Prices Using Multiple Linear Regression Method

Problem statement: Forecasting is a function in management to assist decision making. It is also described as the process of estimation in u k own future situations. In a more general term it is commonly known as prediction which refers to estima on of time series or longitudinal type data. Gold is a precious yellow commodity once used as mo ney. It was made illegal in USA 41 years ago, but is now once again accepted as a potential curre ncy. The demand for this commodity is on the rise. Approach: Objective of this study was to develop a forecasti ng model for predicting gold prices based on economic factors such as inflation, currency pri ce movements and others. Following the melt-down of US dollars, investors are putting their money in to gold because gold plays an important role as a stabilizing influence for investment portfolios. Du e to the increase in demand for gold in Malaysian and other parts of the world, it is necessary to de velop a model that reflects the structure and patte rn of gold market and forecast movement of gold price. Th e most appropriate approach to the understanding of gold prices is the Multiple Linear Regression (M LR) model. MLR is a study on the relationship between a single dependent variable and one or more independent variables, as this case with gold price as the single dependent variable. The fitted mo el of MLR will be used to predict the future gol d prices. A naive model known as “forecast-1” was con sidered to be a benchmark model in order to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: Many factors determine the price of gold and based on “a hunch of experts”, several economic factors h ad been identified to have influence on the gold prices. Variables such as Commodity Research Bureau future index (CRB); USD/Euro Foreign Exchange Rate (EUROUSD); Inflation rate (INF); Mone y Supply (M1); New York Stock Exchange (NYSE); Standard and Poor 500 (SPX); Treasury Bill (T-BILL) and US Dollar index (USDX) were considered to have influence on the prices. Paramet er estimations for the MLR were carried out using Statistical Packages for Social Science package (SP SS) with Mean Square Error (MSE) as the fitness function to determine the forecast accuracy. Conclusion: Two models were considered. The first model considered all possible independent variables . The model appeared to be useful for predicting the price of gold with 85.2% of sample variations i monthly gold prices explained by the model. The second model considered the following four independ ent variables the (CRB lagged one), (EUROUSD lagged one), (INF lagged two) and (M1 lagged two) t o be significant. In terms of prediction, the second model achieved high level of predictive accu ra y. The amount of variance explained was about 70% and the regression coefficients also provide a me ns of assessing the relative importance of individual variables in the overall prediction of g old price.
A novel route to synthesis polythiophene with great yield and high electrical conductivity without post doping process

Abstract Polythiophene (PTh) was synthesized by a standard chemical oxidation procedure by using Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) as an oxidizer without any post doping process. The synthesis procedure was optimized by varying different parameters like reaction temperature, monomer to oxidizer ratio, solvent system, reaction time and oxidizer addition time to realize the maximum electrical conductivity and without compromising on product yield. In the optimized synthesis procedure, highest yield of 80% with a maximum electrical conductivity of 9 Scm −1 was achieved. These results are first of its kind in the literature reported so far for the similar conditions. The enhancement of electrical conductivity was attributed to the increase in the degree of polymerization under the optimized reaction conditions and was substantiated with UV–Vis, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), FTIR, NMR solid state, SEM, XRD and DSC studies. This paper is the first of its kind to report the room temperature synthesis procedure of PTh with highest electrical conductivity and yield.
Raltegravir Non-Inferior to Nucleoside Based Regimens in SECOND-LINE Therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir over 96 Weeks: A Randomised Open Label Study for the Treatment Of HIV-1 Infection

OBJECTIVE
To determine the durability over 96 weeks of safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and raltegravir (RAL) which was demonstrated to have non-inferior efficacy relative to a regimen of LPV/r with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTIs) (Control) in primary analysis at 48 weeks.


DESIGN
Open label, centrally randomised trial.


SETTING
Recruitment was from 37 primary and secondary care sites from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and Latin America.


SUBJECTS
541 HIV-1 infected adults virologically failing first-line non-NRTI + 2N(t)RTI, with no previous exposure to protease inhibitors or integrase strand transfer inhibitors were analysed, 425 completed 96 weeks follow up on randomised therapy.


INTERVENTION
Randomisation was 1:1 to Control or RAL.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Differences between the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA (VL) <200 copies/mL by intention to treat were compared with a non-inferiority margin of -12%. Differences in biochemical, haematological and metabolic changes were assessed using T-tests.


RESULTS
VL <200 copies/mL at 96 weeks was: RAL 80.4%, Control 76.0% (difference: 4.4 [95%CI -2.6, 11.3]) and met non-inferiority criteria. The RAL arm had a significantly higher mean change (difference Control-RAL; 95%CI) in haemoglobin (-2.9; -5.7, -1.1), total lymphocytes (-0.2; -0.3, -0.0), total cholesterol (-0.5; -0.8, -0.3), HDL cholesterol (-0.1; -0.1, -0.0) and LDL cholesterol (-0.3; -0.5, -0.2).


CONCLUSION
At 96 weeks, both RAL and Control maintained efficacy greater than 75% and continued to demonstrate similar safety profiles. These results support the use of a combination LPV/r and RAL regimen as an option following failure of 1st line NNRTI + 2N(t)RTIs.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00931463.
Analysis of the PeerRank Method for Peer Grading

i in iteration n+1. Ai,j is the peer grade given to student i by student j, Xi is the grade given to student i in iteration n, m is the total number of students, and α and β are changeable parameters in the equation. The term with β incorporates the grader’s accuracy into their own grade. The equation is repeated iteratively until a fixed point is reached, i.e. until . Pros: • Faster • Learning from peers Cons: • Inaccurate grades • Lack of incentive
Digital Image Processing

[3] Proc. 1978 Rome Air Develop. Center Workshop on Spectrum Estimation, Griffiss Air Force Base, Rome, NY, Sept. 1978. [4] H. E. Shore and R. W. Johnson, "Axiomatic derivation of the principle of maximum entropy and the principle of minimum cross entropy," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-26, Jan. 1980. [5] J. E. Shore "Minimum cross entropy spectral analysis," Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, NRL Memo. Rep. 3921, Jan. 1979.