LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Depression in multiple sclerosis: a long-term longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND
Depression is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about its long-term prognosis. Depression in the general population is usually episodic with relatively short-lasting depressive episodes. In this study we investigate the long-term prognosis of depression in MS.


METHODS
Using data from a large longitudinal observational study and from the Calgary MS clinic database, we investigated changes in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores in MS patients over four years of follow-up. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of the factors sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), depression at baseline, and antidepressant use with depression at each year of follow-up.


RESULTS
CESD scores remained largely stable, or decreased slightly over four years of follow-up, whereas EDSS scores steadily increased. Depression at baseline was the strongest predictor of depression at follow-up; the other factors were not or not consistently associated with depression at follow-up. As expected, antidepressant use was associated with a greater risk of depression at follow-up. Starting and stopping antidepressant treatment during follow-up was not associated with the risk of depression at follow-up or with significant change in CESD scores.


CONCLUSION
In contrast to depression in the general population, depression in MS is largely chronic, which suggests a different pathophysiology.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (100/25 mcg) versus twice-daily fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50 mcg) in COPD patients.

BACKGROUND
Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) is an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA), recently approved as once-daily maintenance therapy for COPD. We compared the lung function effects of FF/VI with those of twice-daily fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL).


METHODS
Three 12 week studies comparing FF/VI and FP/SAL were conducted. Patients aged ≥40 years with moderate-to-very severe COPD were randomized to receive double-blind, double-dummy FF/VI 100/25 mcg once-daily, or FP/SAL 250/50 mcg twice-daily for 12 weeks following a 2 week placebo run-in period. The primary endpoint of each study was change from baseline trough in 0-24 h weighted mean FEV(1) (wmFEV(1)) on Day 84. Safety was also assessed.


RESULTS
In Study 1 (HZC113109) (intent-to-treat n: FF/VI = 260; FP/SAL = 259), the increase from baseline in 0-24 h wmFEV(1) was significantly greater with FF/VI than FP/SAL (Δ80 mL, P < 0.001). In Study 2 (HZC112352) (intent-to-treat n: FF/VI = 259; FP/SAL = 252) and Study 3 (RLV116974) (intent-to-treat n: FF/VI = 412; FP/SAL = 416), the increase from baseline in 0-24 h wmFEV(1) was not significantly greater with FF/VI than FP/SAL (Δ29 mL, P = 0.267; Δ25 mL, P = 0.137). The treatment difference was statistically but not clinically significant in a pooled analysis (Δ41 mL, P < 0.001). Pooled adverse events (FF/VI 27%; FP/SAL 28%) and serious adverse events (FF/VI 2%; FP/SAL 3%) were similar between treatments.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that once-daily FF/VI 100/25 mcg provides FEV(1) improvement in COPD that is at least comparable with that conferred by twice-daily FP/SAL 250/50 mcg, although interpretation is limited by differences in individual study outcomes. The safety profiles of FF/VI 100/25 mcg and FP/SAL 250/50 mcg are similar.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01323634; NCT01323621; NCT01706328. GlaxoSmithKline study codes: HZC113109; HZC112352; RLV116974.
Fast Multiview Face Detection

This paper extends the face detection framework proposed by Viola and Jones 2001 to handle profile views and rotated faces. As in the work of Rowley et al 1998. and Schneiderman et al. 2000, we build different detectors for different views of the face. A decision tree is then trained to determine the viewpoint class (such as right profile or rotated 60 degrees) for a given window of the image being examined. This is similar to the approach of Rowley et al. 1998. The appropriate detector for that viewpoint can then be run instead of running all detectors on all windows. This technique yields good results and maintains the speed advantage of the Viola-Jones detector. Shown as a demo at the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 18, 2003 This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c ©Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2003 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Publication History:– 1. First printing, TR2003-96, July 2003 Fast Multi-view Face Detection Michael J. Jones Paul Viola mjones@merl.com viola@microsoft.com Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory Microsoft Research 201 Broadway One Microsoft Way Cambridge, MA 02139 Redmond, WA 98052
Secure Data Sharing and Searching at the Edge of Cloud-Assisted Internet of Things

Over the last few years, smart devices are able to communicate with each other and with Internet/cloud from short to long range. As a consequence, a new paradigm is introduced called Internet of Things (IoT). However, by utilizing cloud computing, resource limited IoT smart devices can get various benefits like offload data storage and processing burden at cloud. To support latency sensitive, real-time data processing, mobility and high data rate IoT applications, working at the edge of the network offers more benefits than cloud. In this paper, we propose an efficient data sharing scheme that allows smart devices to securely share data with others at the edge of cloud-assisted IoT. In addition, we also propose a secure searching scheme to search desired data within own/shared data on storage. Finally, we analyze the performance based on processing time of our proposed scheme. The results demonstrate that our scheme has potential to be effectively used in IoT applications.
Adult bipolar diathermy circumcision and related procedures in adults – a safe and efficient technique

OBJECTIVES
To present our novel technique and step-by-step approach to bipolar diathermy circumcision and related procedures in adult males.


METHODS
We reviewed our technique of bipolar circumcision and related procedures in 54 cases over a 22-month period at our day procedure center. Bipolar diathermy cutting and hemostasis was performed using bipolar forceps with a Valleylab machine set at 15. Sleeve circumcision was used. A dorsal slit was made, followed by frenulum release and ventral slit, and was completed with bilateral circumferential cutting. Frenuloplasties released the frenulum. Preputioplasties used multiple 2-3 mm longitudinal cuts to release the constriction, with frenulum left intact. All wounds were closed with interrupted 4/0 Vicryl Rapide™.


RESULTS
A total of 54 nonemergency bipolar circumcision procedures were carried out from November 2010-August 2012 (42 circumcisions, eight frenuloplasties, and four preputioplasties). Patients were aged 18-72 years (mean, 34 years). There was minimal to no intraoperative bleeding in all cases, allowing for precise dissection. All patients were requested to attend outpatient reviews; three frenuloplasty and two circumcision patients failed to return. Of the remaining 49, mean interval to review was 49 days, with a range of 9-121 days. Two circumcision patients reported mild bleeding with nocturnal erections within a week postoperatively, but they did not require medical attention. Two others presented to family practitioners with possible wound infections which resolved with oral antibiotics. All 49 patients had well-healed wounds.


CONCLUSION
The bipolar diathermy technique is a simple procedure, easily taught, and reproducible. It is associated with minimal bleeding, is safe and efficient, uses routine operating equipment and is universally applicable to circumcision/frenuloplasty/preputioplasty. In addition, it has minimal postoperative complications, and has associated excellent cosmesis.
Image-guided surgery for treatment of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE
Direct surgical clipping appears to be an efficient means for managing unruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, owing to several angioanatomic features. Here, we present a minimally invasive technique that uses navigation guidance for the treatment of unruptured MCA aneurysms.


METHODS
Between July of 2003 and June of 2005, we used image-guidance navigation to operate on 24 patients who were diagnosed with unruptured MCA aneurysm. Five men and 19 women were included in the study, and their ages ranged from 43 to 70 years (mean, 58 yr). We predetermined the transsylvian trajectory toward the aneurysm and planned a tailored craniotomy for each patient.


RESULTS
All aneurysms were readily identified and successfully clipped via craniotomies of less than 3 cm in diameter. We experienced no surgical complications, and each patient had an uneventful postoperative course.


CONCLUSION
With the aid of navigation, we were able to easily locate MCA aneurysms and perform minimally invasive surgeries such as mini-craniotomies, tailored sylvian dissections, and successful clippings of unruptured MCA aneurysms. In addition, we obtained satisfactory cosmetic results.
Multimedia Semantics: Interactions Between Content and Community

This paper reviews the state of the art and some emerging issues in research areas related to pattern analysis and monitoring of web-based social communities. This research area is important for several reasons. First, the presence of near-ubiquitous low-cost computing and communication technologies has enabled people to access and share information at an unprecedented scale. The scale of the data necessitates new research for making sense of such content. Furthermore, popular websites with sophisticated media sharing and notification features allow users to stay in touch with friends and loved ones; these sites also help to form explicit and implicit social groups. These social groups are an important source of information to organize and to manage multimedia data. In this article, we study how media-rich social networks provide additional insight into familiar multimedia research problems, including tagging and video ranking. In particular, we advance the idea that the contextual and social aspects of media are as important for successful multimedia applications as is the media content. We examine the inter-relationship between content and social context through the prism of three key questions. First, how do we extract the context in which social interactions occur? Second, does social interaction provide value to the media object? Finally, how do social media facilitate the repurposing of shared content and engender cultural memes? We present three case studies to examine these questions in detail. In the first case study, we show how to discover structure latent in the social media data, and use the discovered structure to organize Flickr photo streams. In the second case study, we discuss how to determine the interestingness of conversations—and of participants—around videos uploaded to YouTube. Finally, we show how the analysis of visual content, in particular tracing of content remixes, can help us understand the relationship among YouTube participants. For each case, we present an overview of recent work and review the state of the art. We also discuss two emerging issues related to the analysis of social networks—robust data sampling and scalable data analysis.
Intelligent systems in manufacturing: current developments and future prospects

Global competition and rapidly changing customer requirements are demanding increasing changes in manufacturing environments. Enterprises are required to constantly redesign their products and continuously reconfigure their manufacturing systems. Traditional approaches to manufacturing systems do not fully satisfy this new situation. Many authors have proposed that artificial intelligence will bring the flexibility and efficiency needed by manufacturing systems. This paper is a review of artificial intelligence techniques used in manufacturing systems. The paper first defines the components of a simplified intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS), the different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to be considered and then shows how these AI techniques are used for the components of IMS.
Apparent digestibility of selected feedstuffs by mud crab, Scylla serrata

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADMD), crude protein (ACPD), crude fat (ACFD), crude fiber (ACFbD), nitrogen-free extract or NFE (ANFED), and crude ash (AAD) of selected feed ingredients for mud crab, Scylla serrata. The nine feed ingredients were Peruvian fish meal, squid meal, Acetes sp., meat and bone meal, copra meal, wheat flour, rice bran, corn meal, and defatted soybean meal. A reference diet (RF) and test diets (consisted of 70% RF diet and 30% of the feedstuff) were used with Cr2O3 as external indicator. The ADMD of the RF and test diets were high except for diet with meat and bone meal. Crude protein, crude fiber, and ash of feedstuffs were digestible in mud crab. Nutrients in squid meal, corn meal, and defatted soybean meal were digested well (ACFbD> 95%; ANFED>92%; AAD>71%) compared with nutrients in the meat and bone meal. The AAD of copra meal, wheat flour, rice bran, and meat and bone meal were similar. The ACFD in carbohydrate-rich plant feedstuffs were significantly higher than that in protein-rich animal feedstuffs. For this species, the relative amounts of dietary protein and NFE in feedstuffs had an effect on the ACFD but not on ADMD. D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of pH and Monovalent Cations on the Formation of Quinonoid Intermediates of the Tryptophan Synthase α2β2 Complex in Solution and in the Crystal

Abstract Quinonoid intermediates play a key role in the catalytic mechanism of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Whereas the structures of other pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-bound intermediates have been determined, the structure of a quinonoid species has not yet been reported. Here, we investigate factors controlling the accumulation and stability of quinonoids formed at the β-active site of tryptophan synthase both in solution and the crystal. The quinonoids were obtained by reacting the α-aminoacrylate Schiff base with different nucleophiles, focusing mainly on the substrate analogs indoline and β-mercaptoethanol. In solution, both monovalent cations (Cs+ or Na+) and alkaline pH increase the apparent affinity of indoline and favor accumulation of the indoline quinonoid. A similar pH dependence is observed when β-mercaptoethanol is used. As indoline and β-mercaptoethanol exhibit very distinct ionization properties, this finding suggests that nucleophile binding and quinonoid stability are controlled by some ionizable protein residue(s). In the crystal, alkaline pH favors formation of the indoline quinonoid as in solution, but the effect of cations is markedly different. In the absence of monovalent metal ions the quinonoid species accumulates substantially, whereas in the presence of sodium ions the accumulation is modest, unless α-subunit ligands are also present. α-Subunit ligands not only favor the formation of the intermediate, but also reduce significantly its decay rate. These findings define experimental conditions suitable for the stabilization of the quinonoid species in the crystal, a critical prerequisite for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of this intermediate.
Optimism as a Mediator Between the Experience of Child Abuse, Other Traumatic Events, and Distress

In this study, we examined the role of dispositional optimism in mediating distress among students who experienced traumatic events, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Participants included 199 undergraduate and graduate students (aged 18–63 years) from a private university in Oregon. In this study, dispositional optimism partially mediated distress among individuals who had experienced child physical abuse and child emotional abuse; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels of distress. In addition, dispositional optimism fully mediated distress among individuals who had experienced traumatic events such as rape, assault, and fire; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels of distress. Contrary to prediction, the experience of child sexual abuse was not associated with distress. Clinical implications of these results are addressed.
Clustering with the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution

Many model-based clustering methods are based on a nite Gaussian mixture model. The Gaussian mixture model implies that the data scatter within each group is elliptically shaped. Hence non-elliptical groups are often modeled by more than one component, resulting in model overtting. An alternative is to use a mean-variance mixture of multivariate normal distributions with an inverse Gaussian mixing distribution (MNIG) in place of the Gaussian distribution, to yield a more exible family of distributions. Under this model the component distributions may be skewed and have fatter tails than the Gaussian distribution. The MNIG based approach is extended to include a broad range of eigen-decomposed covariance structures. Furthermore, MNIG models where the other distributional parameters are constrained is considered. The Bayesian Information Criterion is used to identify the optimal model and number of mixture components. The method is demonstrated on three sample data sets and a novel variation on the univariate Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to assess goodness of t.
Preterm premature rupture of the membranes and genital mycoplasmas.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cervical colonization by genital mycoplasmas in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM).


METHOD
We studied 225 women between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation with PPROM. Cervical swabs were obtained for genital mycoplasmas and standard vaginal smears of bacterial culture were performed at the time of patients' admission. In the control group were 225 women with a normal pregnancy.


RESULTS
Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected in 68% (152/225) and Mycoplasma hominis was detected in 28% (63/225) of the patients with PPROM between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation and. In the control group Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in 17% (38/225) and Mycoplasma hominis in 15% (35/225) pregnant women.


CONCLUSION
Our results provide evidence of an association between cervical colonization with genital mycoplasmas and preterm premature rupture of the membranes.
Dynamic Context for Tracking behind Occlusions

Tracking objects in the presence of clutter and occlusion remains a challenging problem. Current approaches often rely on a priori target dynamics and/or use nearly rigid image context to determine the target position. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to estimate the location of a target while it is hidden due to occlusion. The main idea behind the algorithm is to use contextual dynamical cues from multiple supporter features which may move with the target, move independently of the target, or remain stationary. These dynamical cues are learned directly from the data without making prior assumptions about the motions of the target and/or the support features. As illustrated through several experiments, the proposed algorithm outperforms state of the art approaches under long occlusions and severe camera motion.
Incorporating significant amino acid pairs to identify O-linked glycosylation sites on transmembrane proteins and non-transmembrane proteins

While occurring enzymatically in biological systems, O-linked glycosylation affects protein folding, localization and trafficking, protein solubility, antigenicity, biological activity, as well as cell-cell interactions on membrane proteins. Catalytic enzymes involve glycotransferases, sugar-transferring enzymes and glycosidases which trim specific monosaccharides from precursors to form intermediate structures. Due to the difficulty of experimental identification, several works have used computational methods to identify glycosylation sites. By investigating glycosylated sites that contain various motifs between Transmembrane (TM) and non-Transmembrane (non-TM) proteins, this work presents a novel method, GlycoRBF, that implements radial basis function (RBF) networks with significant amino acid pairs (SAAPs) for identifying O-linked glycosylated serine and threonine on TM proteins and non-TM proteins. Additionally, a membrane topology is considered for reducing the false positives on glycosylated TM proteins. Based on an evaluation using five-fold cross-validation, the consideration of a membrane topology can reduce 31.4% of the false positives when identifying O-linked glycosylation sites on TM proteins. Via an independent test, GlycoRBF outperforms previous O-linked glycosylation site prediction schemes. A case study of Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of GlycoRBF. Web-based GlycoRBF, which can be accessed at http://GlycoRBF.bioinfo.tw , can identify O-linked glycosylated serine and threonine effectively and efficiently. Moreover, the structural topology of Transmembrane (TM) proteins with glycosylation sites is provided to users. The stand-alone version of GlycoRBF is also available for high throughput data analysis.