LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders.

This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The decision-making process was as for adults and consisted of arriving at consensus, based on clinical experience. This paper is intended to be a quick reference. The classification system selected differs from the one used in the adult population in that it is organized according to main complaints instead of being organ-targeted. Because the child is still developing, some disorders such as toddler's diarrhea (or functional diarrhea) are linked to certain physiologic stages; others may result from behavioral responses to sphincter function acquisition such as fecal retention; others will only be recognizable after the child is cognitively mature enough to report the symptoms (e.g., dyspepsia). Infant regurgitation, rumination, and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. Abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia. Disorders of defecation include: infant dyschezia, functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and functional non-retentive fecal soiling. Some disorders, such as IBS and dyspepsia and functional abdominal pain, are exact replications of the adult criteria because there are enough data to confirm that they represent specific and similar disorders in pediatrics. Other disorders not included in the pediatric classification, such as functional biliary disorders, do occur in children; however, existing data are insufficient to warrant including them at the present time. For these disorders, it is suggested that, for the time being, clinicians refer to the criteria established for the adult population.
Neuroimmune Interaction and Anorectal Motility in Children With Food Allergy-Related Chronic Constipation

OBJECTIVES:Food allergy is thought to trigger functional constipation in children but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Mast cells (MCs) and their relationship with nerve fibers (NFs) in the rectal mucosa, as well as anorectal motility, were studied in children with refractory chronic constipation before and after an elimination diet for cow's milk, egg, and soy proteins.METHODS:Thirty-three children (range: 1–10.8 years) underwent anorectal manometry and suction rectal biopsy before and after 8 weeks of oligoantigenic diet. MCs and NFs were identified immunohistochemically. Quantification of MCs (%MC/area) and MCs within 10 μm of NFs (%MC-NF/area) was performed by computer-assisted analysis.RESULTS:Eighteen children responded to the diet (R-group) and fifteen did not (the NR-group). At baseline there was a significant difference in anal resting pressure (ARP; mm Hg), percentage of relaxation (%R), and residual pressure (RP; mm Hg) of anal canal during rectal distension between the R-group (66±4.1, 84.3±2.8, 10.4±2.3, respectively) and the NR-group (49±5, 92.2±1.7, 4.8±1.7, respectively; P<0.05). After the diet, significant changes in ARP, RP, and %R were observed only in the R-group (44±3.7, 93.7±1.5, 3.8±1.2, respectively; P<0.05). At baseline, the R-group showed an increase in %MC/area (8.3±0.7) and %MC-NF/area (5.2±2.6) with respect to the NR-group (5.1±0.5 and 2.3±0.4, respectively; P<0.05). After the diet, only the R-group showed a significant reduction of %MC/area and %MC-NF/area (4.4±0.5 and 2.2±0.4, respectively; P<0.001). Both ARP and RP significantly correlated with %MC/area and %MC-NF/area; %R showed a significant inverse correlation with both %MC/area and %MC-NF/area.CONCLUSIONS:In children with food allergy-related chronic constipation, an increase in both rectal MC density and spatial interactions between MCs and NFs correlates with anal motor abnormalities. These variables are significantly affected by the diet.
Holistic measurement of well-being: psychometric properties of the physical, mental and social well-being scale (PMSW-21) for adults.

BACKGROUND
A holistic approach to health requires the development of tools that would allow to measure the inner world of individuals within its physical, mental and social dimensions.


OBJECTIVES
To create the Physical, Mental and Social Well-being scale (PMSW-21) that allows a holistic representation of various dimensions of well-being in such a way as they are perceived by the individuals and how affected their health.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted on the sample of 406 inhabitants of Warsaw involving in the Social Participation in Health Reform project. The PMSW-21 scale included: headache, tiredness, abdominal pain, palpitation, joint pain, backache, sleep disturbance (physical domain), anxiety, guiltiness, helplessness, hopelessness, sadness, self-dissatisfaction, hostility (mental domain), security, communicability, protection, loneliness, rejection, sociability and appreciation (social domain). The five criterial variables of health and seven of life experiences were adopted to assess the discriminative power of the PMSW-21 scale.


RESULTS
The total well-being scale as well as its physical, mental and social domains showed high reliability (Cronbach a 0.81, 0.77, 0.90, 0.72, respectively). The analysis confirmed the construct validity. All the items stronger correlated with their own domain than with the others (ranges for physical: 0.41 - 0.55, mental: 0.49 - 0.80 and social: 0.31 - 0.50). The total scale demonstrate high sensitivity; it significantly differentiated almost all criterial variables. Physical domain showed high sensitivity for health as well as for negative life events variables, while the mental and social domains were more sensitive for life events.


CONCLUSIONS
The analysis confirmed the usefulness of PMSW-21 scale for measure the holistic well-being. The reliability of the total scale and its domains, construct validity and sensitivity for health and life determinants were at acceptable level.
An evaluation of resampling methods for assessment of survival risk prediction in high-dimensional settings.

Resampling techniques are often used to provide an initial assessment of accuracy for prognostic prediction models developed using high-dimensional genomic data with binary outcomes. Risk prediction is most important, however, in medical applications and frequently the outcome measure is a right-censored time-to-event variable such as survival. Although several methods have been developed for survival risk prediction with high-dimensional genomic data, there has been little evaluation of the use of resampling techniques for the assessment of such models. Using real and simulated datasets, we compared several resampling techniques for their ability to estimate the accuracy of risk prediction models. Our study showed that accuracy estimates for popular resampling methods, such as sample splitting and leave-one-out cross validation (Loo CV), have a higher mean square error than for other methods. Moreover, the large variability of the split-sample and Loo CV may make the point estimates of accuracy obtained using these methods unreliable and hence should be interpreted carefully. A k-fold cross-validation with k = 5 or 10 was seen to provide a good balance between bias and variability for a wide range of data settings and should be more widely adopted in practice.
Friendship quality and perceived relationship changes predict psychosocial adjustment in early adulthood

The current study examined three hypotheses about experience in close friendships and psychosocial adjustment. At Time 1, 51 same-sex close friend dyads (n = 102 friends, 51% female, mean age = 20 years) completed self-report measures and participated in a brief observational assessment. The hypothesis that friendship quality would be associated with clinical symptomatology and self-esteem was supported and indicated that high levels of negative friendship features were positively associated with clinical symptoms, whereas positive features were most strongly associated with selfesteem. The second hypothesis that changes in the friendship would be associated with adjustment one year later (68% participation rate at Time 2) was supported only for interpersonal sensitivity such that perceived negative changes in the relationship predicted increased symptoms. Finally, friends’ perceptions of the features and quality of their relationship were somewhat consistent, yet as hypothesized, discordant perceptions predicted higher symptomatology and lower social support and satisfaction in the relationship. The results highlight the importance of considering both positive and negative aspects of friendship in early adulthood.
Electromyographic analysis of masticatory and neck muscles in subjects with natural dentition, teeth-supported and implant-supported prostheses.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of masticatory and neck muscles in patients with natural dentition, teeth-supported prostheses and implant-supported prostheses.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five subjects aged 40-80 years were examined. Five patients had maxillary and mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses; five patients had mandibular implant-supported fixed prosthesis and maxillary removable complete denture; seven patients had implant-supported fixed prosthesis (one arch) and natural dentition or full-arch tooth-fixed prosthesis (one arch); and eight control subjects had natural dentition or single tooth-fixed prostheses. Surface EMG of masseter, temporal and sternocleidomastoid muscles was performed during maximum teeth clenching and unilateral gum chewing. Interarch dental contacts were assessed with shim stocks.


RESULTS
All groups had similar interarch dental contacts (P>0.05). During clenching, patients with maxillary and mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses had unbalanced standardized masseter and temporalis anterior activities (74%), with significantly larger values found in the other patients and control subjects (all mean values larger than 86%, P=0.017). All patients chewed with significantly larger muscular potentials than control subjects (on average, 1434-2100 microV s vs. 980 microV s, P=0.04), and had altered muscular patterns (left side, P=0.021). The patients with one arch with natural dentition/tooth fixed prostheses had chewing muscular patterns similar to the control subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
Clenching with the analyzed prostheses was performed with a relative increment of temporalis activity. Neuromuscular coordination during chewing was larger in patients who maintained their teeth or dental roots, independently from the number of dental contacts.
Five-year follow-up after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation results of the SIRIUS (Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in De-Novo Native Coronary Lesions) Trial.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine the 5-year clinical safety and efficacy outcomes in patients enrolled in the SIRIUS (Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in De-Novo Native Coronary Lesions) trial.


BACKGROUND
The SIRIUS trial was a double-blinded randomized study that demonstrated that sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) significantly improved angiographic results (at 8 months) and clinical outcomes (at 9 and 12 months) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS).


METHODS
Patients (n = 1,058) with de novo native coronary artery lesions were randomized to either SES (n = 533) or control BMS (n = 525) and were followed for 5 years.


RESULTS
Between 1 and 5 years, additional clinical events were similarly distributed among the sirolimus and control groups. At 5 years, in sirolimus versus control patients, target lesion revascularization was 9.4% versus 24.2% (p < 0.001) and major adverse cardiovascular events and target vessel failure rates were 20.3% versus 33.5% and 22.5% versus 33.5%, respectively (p < 0.0001 for both). There were no significant differences in death, myocardial infarction, and nontarget lesion revascularization. No significant differences were observed in the cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis for sirolimus versus control patients with either protocol-derived (1.0% vs. 0.8%) or Academic Research Consortium definitions (3.9% vs. 4.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with noncomplex coronary artery disease, clinical outcomes 5 years after implantation of SES continue to demonstrate significant reduction in the need for repeat revascularization, with similar safety (death and myocardial infarction) compared with BMS, without evidence for either disproportionate late restenosis or late stent thrombosis.
High Performance Computing - The Computational Chemistry Perspective

This paper gives a subjective look at the high performance computing from the computational chemistry perspective. Using basic ab initio and molecular dynamics algorithms as examples of typical computational chemistry problems, the software engineering and architectural issues of contemporary high performance computers are discussed. The parallel computational chemistry is also presented, with a brief discussion of distributed environments used.
EPR characteristics of heat treated complexes of metals with demineralised humic brown coal in air and ammonia atmospheres

Abstract Investigations were carried out on complexes of metal ions with solvent pre-extracted and demineralised Lubstow humic brown coal (HC) ( Eocene, Midlands Poland ; content of humic acids above 80%). Metal–humic brown coal complexes (HC–M) were obtained at pH 5.1 by ion exchange of solid HC with the following metal ions: Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Ti 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ag +1 , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Bi 3+ . Metal uptake by the HC is dependent on the radius of the metal ion and its susceptibility to complexation in polyfunctionalised humic matrix. The complexes were heat treated to different final temperatures in a range up to 650 °C. Raw HC–M complexes and resultant chars were characterised by elemental composition, IR, and quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (QEPR). The binding sites of the metal cations are oxygen functional groups (mainly –COOH, –OH phenolic ). EPR parameters (i.e., concentration of stable free radicals and g -value) were determined in air and gaseous ammonia atmosphere. The nature of the observed free radicals in raw HC–M complexes is mainly of semiquinone type ( g =2.0036 in air and 2.0045 in gaseous ammonia atmosphere). Heat treatment of the complexes causes gradual defunctionalisation, resulting in elimination of quinone and hydroquinone structural units and generation of polyaromatic sheets containing aromatic type free radicals. Practically complete disappearance of semiquinone radicals occurs at 400 °C heat treatment, and intensive development of aromatic type free radicals occurs above that temperature. Paramagnetic metal ions cause strong decrease of the observed free radical concentration in HC–M complexes due to antiferromagnetic interaction with electrons of semiquinone type radicals (Cu 2+ >Fe 3+ >Mn 2+ >Cr 3+ >Ti 3+ ). The observed concentration of free radicals in the HC–M complexes with alkaline metal ions of s and p block metals as well as d 10 metal ions is higher compared to the value of uncomplexed HC. Gaseous ammonia strongly shifts hydroquinone–semiquinone–quinone equilibria towards generation of semiquinone anion radicals, which is manifested by elevated concentrations of free radicals and increases of g -value in chars of heat treated samples in the region below 400 °C. The control of free radical types and concentrations in environment allows to: (i) predict the state of temporal alkalinity (due to use of ammonia and urea based fertilisers), (ii) binding of heavy metal cations, and (iii) degree of humic matter maturation.
Mental health service responses to human trafficking: a qualitative study of professionals' experiences of providing care.

BACKGROUND
Human trafficking is a global crime and human rights violation. Although research has demonstrated a high prevalence of mental disorder among trafficked people and that trafficked people are in contact with mental health services, little is known about mental health professionals' experiences of identifying and providing care for trafficked people. This study aimed to understand how people are identified as trafficked within mental health services and the challenges professionals experience in responding to trafficked people's mental health needs.


METHOD
Qualitative study of electronic health records of trafficked people in contact with secondary mental health services in South East London, England. Comprehensive clinical electronic health records for over 200,000 patients in contact with secondary mental health services in South London were searched and retrieved to identify trafficked patients. Content analysis was used to establish how people were identified as trafficked, and thematic analysis was used to explore the challenges experienced in responding to mental health needs.


RESULTS
The sample included 130 trafficked patients, 95 adults and 35 children. In 43 % (41/95) of adult cases and 63 % (22/35) child cases, mental health professionals were informed that their patient was a potential victim of trafficking by another service involved in their patient's care. Cases were also identified through patients disclosing their experiences of exploitation and abuse. Key challenges faced by staff included social and legal instability, difficulties ascertaining history, patients' lack of engagement, availability of services, and inter-agency working.


CONCLUSIONS
Training to increase awareness, encourage helpful responses, and inform staff about the available support options would help to ensure the mental health needs of trafficked people are met. Further research is needed to establish if these challenges are similar in other health settings.
Reduction in time to treatment in prehospital telemedicine evaluation and thrombolysis.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the times to evaluation and thrombolytic treatment of patients treated with a telemedicine-enabled mobile stroke treatment unit (MSTU) vs those among patients brought to the emergency department (ED) via a traditional ambulance.


METHODS
We implemented a MSTU with telemedicine at our institution starting July 18, 2014. A vascular neurologist evaluated each patient via telemedicine and a neuroradiologist and vascular neurologist remotely assessed images obtained by the MSTU CT. Data were entered in a prospective registry. The evaluation and treatment of the first 100 MSTU patients (July 18, 2014-November 1, 2014) was compared to a control group of 53 patients brought to the ED via a traditional ambulance in 2014. Times were expressed as medians with their interquartile ranges.


RESULTS
Patient and stroke severity characteristics were similar between 100 MSTU and 53 ED control patients (initial NIH Stroke Scale score 6 vs 7, p = 0.679). There was a significant reduction of median alarm-to-CT scan completion times (33 minutes MSTU vs 56 minutes controls, p < 0.0001), median alarm-to-thrombolysis times (55.5 minutes MSTU vs 94 minutes controls, p < 0.0001), median door-to-thrombolysis times (31.5 minutes MSTU vs 58 minutes controls, p = 0.0012), and symptom-onset-to-thrombolysis times (97 minutes MSTU vs 122.5 minutes controls, p = 0.0485). Sixteen patients evaluated on MSTU received thrombolysis, 25% of whom received it within 60 minutes of symptom onset.


CONCLUSION
Compared with the traditional ambulance model, telemedicine-enabled ambulance-based thrombolysis resulted in significantly decreased time to imaging and treatment.
Predictors of efficacy after stereotactic radiosurgery for medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) is a promising treatment for intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). However, the basis of its efficacy is not well understood.


METHODS
Thirty patients with MTLE were prospectively randomized to receive 20 or 24 Gy 50% isodose RS centered at the amygdala, 2 cm of the anterior hippocampus, and the parahippocampal gyrus. Posttreatment MRI was evaluated quantitatively for abnormal T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancement, mass effect, and qualitatively for spectroscopic and diffusion changes. MRI findings were analyzed for potential association with radiation dose and seizure remission (Engel Ib or better outcome).


RESULTS
Despite highly standardized dose targeting, RS produced variable MRI alterations. In patients with multiple serial imaging, the appearance of vasogenic edema occurred approximately 9-12 months after RS and correlated with onset of seizure remission. Diffusion and spectroscopy-detected alterations were consistent with a mechanism of temporal lobe radiation injury mediated by local vascular insult and neuronal loss. The degree of these early alterations at the peak of radiographic response was dose-dependent and predicted long-term seizure remission in the third year of follow-up. Radiographic changes were not associated with neurocognitive impairments.


CONCLUSIONS
Temporal lobe stereotactic radiosurgery resulted in significant seizure reduction in a delayed fashion which appeared to be well-correlated with structural and biochemical alterations observed on neuroimaging. Early detected changes may offer prognostic information for guiding management.
A Preliminary Literature Review of Digital Transformation Case Studies

While struggling to succeed in today’s complex market environment and provide better customer experience and services, enterprises encompass digital transformation as a means for reaching competitiveness and foster value creation. A digital transformation process consists of information technology implementation projects, as well as organizational factors such as top management support, digital transformation strategy, and organizational changes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is little evidence about digital transformation endeavors in organizations and how they perceive it – is it only about digital technologies adoption or a true organizational shift is needed? In order to address this issue and as the first step in our research project, a literature review is conducted. The analysis included case study papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The following attributes are considered for classification and analysis of papers: time component; country of case origin; case industry and; digital transformation concept comprehension, i.e. focus. Research showed that organizations – public, as well as private ones, are aware of change necessity and employ digital transformation projects. Also, the changes concerning digital transformation affect both manufacturing and service-based industries. Furthermore, we discovered that organizations understand that besides technologies implementation, organizational changes must also be adopted. However, with only 29 relevant papers identified, research positioned digital transformation as an unexplored and emerging phenomenon in information systems research. The scarcity of evidence-based papers calls for further examination of this topic on cases from practice. Keywords—Digital strategy, digital technologies, digital transformation, literature review.
The representation and approximation for the generalized inverse AT, S(2)

We present a unified representation theorem for the generalized inverses A"T","S^(^2^), which are {2}- (or outer) inverses having the prescribed range T and null space S. Specific expressions and computational procedures for the generalized inverses A"T","S^(^2^) can be uniformly derived.