LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A GPS Receiver for High-Altitude Satellite Navigation

Although GPS has found wide application for precision spacecraft navigation and formation flying applications in low Earth orbit (LEO), its application to geosynchronous (GEO) and other high-altitude missions has been limited to an experimental role because of the sparsity and weakness of the GPS signals present there. To fill this gap, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has developed a new space-borne GPS receiver called Navigator that can operate effectively in the full range of Earth orbiting missions from LEO to GEO and beyond. Navigator employs special signal processing algorithms in radiation-hardened hardware that enable very fast signal acquisition capabilities and, more importantly, greatly improved sensitivity (a 10-dB improvement over previous space-based GPS receivers). Because of these unique capabilities, Navigator has generated a large amount of interest in the spacecraft navigation community. The first flight version of the receiver has been integrated into a relative-navigation experiment on the Shuttle-based Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4, due to launch in 2009. Navigator will be also serving as a critical navigation sensor on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which is one of NASA's first high-altitude formation-flying missions, NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission, and the Air Force Research Lab's Plug-and-Play spacecraft. Finally, key aspects of the Navigator design are being integrated into a GPS receiver being developed for NASA's Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle.
The Balancing Cube: A Dynamic Sculpture As Test Bed for Distributed Estimation and Control

The balancing cube is a dynamic sculpture that can balance autonomously on any of its edges or corners (see Figures 14). When standing on a corner, the cube represents a three-dimensional (3-D) inverted pendulum with multiple actuation, sensing, and control units that are interconnected over a communication network. The main structural components are the cube body (a rigid aluminum structure with a cubic shape) and six identical rotating arms located on each of the cube's inner faces. The rotating arms are self-contained units carrying sensors, actuation, a computer, and a battery. Due to their modular design, these units are referred to as modules. As they rotate, they shift the overall center of mass of the system, exert forces on the cube structure, and can, as a result, influence the cube's motion. The modules constitute the agents in the distributed and networked control system; their joint objective is the stabilization of the cube. A video of the cube can be found on the project Web site [1].
Purification and cloning of chloroplast 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from spinach. Cyanobacterial genes for chloroplast and cytosolic isoenzymes encoded in eukaryotic chromosomes.

Previous attempts to purify chloroplast 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (cp6PGDH), a key enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, have been unsuccessful due to rapid activity loss. An efficient purification protocol was developed and the enzyme from spinach leaves was purified 1000-fold to apparent homogeneity with a specific activity of 60 U.mg-1. The enzyme is a homodimer with subunits of 50 kDa. Antibodies raised against the purified cp6PGDH detected a 53-kDa protein from a crude extract, indicating alterations during purification. Purified cp6PGDH was microsequenced and the corresponding spinach cDNA was cloned using PCR techniques and degenerate primers. The cDNA for cytosolic 6PGDH from spinach was cloned for comparison. Phylogenetic analysis in the context of available homologues from eukaryotes and eubacteria revealed that animal and fungal cytosolic 6PGDH sequences are more similar to their homologues from gamma-proteobacteria, whereas plant 6PGDH is more similar to its cyanobacterial homologues. The ancestral gene for higher plant 6PGDH was acquired from the antecedent of plastids through endosymbiosis and gene transfer to the nucleus. A subsequent gene duplication gave rise to higher plant cytosolic 6PGDH, which assumed the function of its pre-existing cytosolic homologue through endosymbiotic gene replacement. The protein phylogeny of both 6PGDH and of the first enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicate a surprisingly close relationship between the plant and Trypanosoma brucei lineages, suggesting that T. brucei (a relative of Euglena gracilis) may be secondarily nonphotosynthetic.
Quality of life implications of inadequate protein nutrition among hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the quality of life implications of inadequate protein nutrition among hemodialysis patients.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


SETTING
All 22 chronic hemodialysis units in northeast Ohio.


PATIENTS
There were 289 randomly selected patients.


INTERVENTION
Interview and chart abstraction.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Six quality of life subscales related to general health, physical function, social function, symptoms, burden of kidney disease, and employment status.


RESULTS
Low albumin levels were independently associated with decreased physical function, social function, and burden of kidney disease scores after adjustment for patient age, race, gender, health insurance, cause of renal failure, years on dialysis, and number of comorbid conditions. Low protein catabolic rate was independently associated with decreased physical function scores and with being retired or disabled.


CONCLUSION
Inadequate protein nutrition is independently associated with poor quality of life. Further study is needed to develop interventions to overcome barriers to protein nutrition and to determine the effect of such interventions on protein nutrition and patient quality of life.
Study on incidence of bleeding in hospitalized patients after antithrombotic therapy at a tertiary care hospital.

OBJECTIVES
To monitor the different antithrombotic drug combinations, determine the incidence, magnitude of bleeding and the association of HAS-BLED risk scoring schema with the magnitude of bleeding as defined using TIMI bleeding criteria.


METHODS
A prospective observational study in a cohort of patients for a period of 8 months, at one of the tertiary care center-Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, was conducted. Consecutive patients were enrolled and followed from the date of admission till the adverse events are perceived/date of discharge. Pearson Correlation Statistics (Fisher's z Transformation) is applied to assess the association between HAS-BLED risk factors and the total risk score with bleeding criteria.


RESULTS
A total of 400 cases were collected during the 8-month study period, of which 372 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Among them 34 (9.1%) bleeding cases were reported with mean (+/- SD) age of 57.8 (+/- 14.19) years. Bleeding occurred mostly in males 79.4% and a HAS-BLED Score of > or = 3 has been observed in 67.6% (n = 23) patients out of 34 bled patients. Two antiplatelets + One anticoagulant is the most common combination which caused bleeding in 41.2% (n = 14). Stroke history, bleeding predisposition, labile INR's are the HAS-BLED risk factors which are significant (< 0.05) with the TIMI Bleeding Criteria.


CONCLUSION
There was a linear correlation between the HAS-BLED risk score and the TIMI bleeding criteria-higher the risk score the more frequent is the incidence of major bleeding. A HAS-BLED risk score of > or = 3 is associated with TIMI major bleeding.
Poisson inverse problems by the Plug-and-Play scheme

Article history: Received 6 July 2016 Revised 2 September 2016 Accepted 17 September 2016 Available online 17 September 2016
Long-term effects of 6-week whole-body vibration on balance recovery and activities of daily living in the postacute phase of stroke: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The long-term effects of 6-weeks whole-body vibration, as a novel method of somatosensory stimulation, on postural control and activities of daily living were compared with those of 6 weeks of exercise therapy on music of the same intensity in the postacute phase of stroke.


METHODS
Fifty-three patients with moderate to severe functional disabilities were randomized within 6 weeks poststroke and within 3 days after admission to a rehabilitation center to either whole-body vibration or exercise therapy on music in addition to a regular inpatient rehabilitation program. The whole-body vibration group received 4x45-second stimulation on the Galileo 900 (30-Hz frontal plane oscillations of 3-mm amplitude) for 5 days per week during 6 weeks. The exercise therapy on music group received the same amount of exercise therapy on music. Outcome variables included the Berg Balance Scale, Trunk Control Test, Rivermead Mobility Index, Barthel Index, Functional Ambulation Categories, Motricity Index, and somatosensory threshold at 0, 6, and 12 weeks follow up.


RESULTS
At baseline, both groups were comparable in terms of prognostic factors and outcome measures. Both at 6 and 12 weeks follow up, no clinically relevant or statistical differences in outcome were observed between the groups. No side effects were reported.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily sessions of whole-body vibration during 6 weeks are not more effective in terms of recovery of balance and activities of daily living than the same amount of exercise therapy on music in the postacute phase of stroke.
Lightweight Cryptography for the Internet of Things

This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art technology and standardization status of lightweight cryptography, which can be implemented efficiently in constrained devices. This technology enables secure and efficient communication between networked smart objects.
The effect of voluntary training with family participation on early home discharge in patients with severe stroke at a convalescent rehabilitation ward.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of voluntary training with family participation in addition to conventional rehabilitation for stroke patients.


METHODS/DESIGN
The subjects were 49 first-time stroke patients with severe hemiplegia. They were divided into two groups: a family participation group, in which voluntary training was performed with family members (21 patients), and a nonfamily participation group, in which voluntary training was performed with a physical therapist (28 patients). The groups were compared by background, cognitive and physical function, postadmission course, and outcome.


RESULTS
There were shortened lengths of stay and higher rates of home discharge in family participation group, but no differences in functional recovery.


CONCLUSIONS
Voluntary training with family participation was effective in shortening the length of hospital stay and in improving the rate of home discharge in a convalescent rehabilitation ward.
Dissecting Tendermint

In this paper we analyze Tendermint proposed in [7], one of the most popular blockchains based on PBFT Consensus. The current paper dissects Tendermint under various system communication models and Byzantine adversaries. Our methodology consists in identifying the algorithmic principles of Tendermint necessary for a specific combination of communication model adversary. This methodology allowed to identify bugs [3] in preliminary versions of the protocol ([19], [7]) and to prove its correctness under the most adversarial conditions: an eventually synchronous communication model and asymmetric Byzantine faults.
Global Normalization of Convolutional Neural Networks for Joint Entity and Relation Classification

We introduce globally normalized convolutional neural networks for joint entity classification and relation extraction. In particular, we propose a way to utilize a linear-chain conditional random field output layer for predicting entity types and relations between entities at the same time. Our experiments show that global normalization outperforms a locally normalized softmax layer on a benchmark dataset.
Oral commissure reconstruction with orbicularis oris elastic musculomucosal flaps.

Surgical reconstruction of the oral commissure aims to restore both symmetry of the lips at rest and, more importantly, full oral competence. Moulding the lip commissure with functional and cosmetic fidelity remains till today a difficult task. A possible surgical solution, the 'elastic flap' principle described by Goldstein, may be found in the wide full-thickness mobilization of the upper and lower vermilion as two composite myocutaneous flaps - tissue sandwiches consisting of labial skin, orbicularis oris muscle and oral mucosa - on the axial pattern of the superior and inferior labial arteries. Based on the contralateral commissure, both flaps are easily 'stretched', accordion-like, to reach the predetermined point of the new commissure, using to full advantage the inherent elastic potential of both vermilions. The fibres of the orbicularis oris muscle at each end of both flaps are embricated to reconstitute a neo-modiolus, which is anchored to the residual buccinator muscle in primary reconstructions, or to the available peri-oral fibrous tissue in secondary procedures. The authors present a select group of 22 patients, who, between 1993 and 2008, underwent this reconstruction procedure for primary or secondary defects involving the oral commissure. The results were generally satisfactory, both functionally and cosmetically. The advantages of this procedure include full restoration of the dynamic function of the orbicularis ring in a single-stage operation and avoidance of either lipswitching procedures or of mobilization of mucosa and cheek skin. The final scars remain well camouflaged within the oral mucosa and the mucocutaneous junction of each lip.
Physics-based closed-loop control of phasing, peak pressure and work output in HCCI engines utilizing variable valve actuation

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) represents a promising combustion strategy for future engines. However, HCCI lacks an easily identified combustion trigger and, when achieved via variable valve actuation (VVA), includes cycle-to-cycle coupling through the exhaust gas. This makes controlling the process decidedly non-trivial. To address these issues, the development of a closed-loop controller for HCCI combustion phasing and peak pressure is outlined. Through a series of simplifications, the essential physics behind the combustion process is captured in a low-order dynamic model. This model proves amenable to a simple control structure based on dynamic feedback linearization. Results from both simulation and experiment show that cycle-to-cycle control of VVA-induced HCCI can be achieved using this physics-based approach.
Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building I : The data and time – frequency analysis

The former Imperial County Services Building was a six-story reinforced concrete structure in the El Centro, California, severely damaged by the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. It represents a rare case of an instrumented building that has been damaged, and thus can serve as a full-scale benchmark to evaluate and further develop structural health monitoring methods. This paper presents an analysis of inter-story drifts, and of changes in the first NS and EW system frequencies (estimated from the ridge of the Gabor transform of the relative roof displacement response) as indicators of the occurrence of damage. The detected initial decreases of system frequency, of about 28% for NS and 24% for EW motions, are not believed to be due to severe damage. The subsequent decreases, of about 44% for NS and 21% for EW motions, are attributed to damage. Near the end of shaking, increases of about 35% for the NS and 36% for EW motions were detected. (These percentage changes were computed with respect to the previous value for particular interval, rather than a fixed reference). During the most severe shaking, the inter-story drifts exceeded 0.5% for NS and 1.5% for EW motions. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
DEPTH TRENDS IN PHOSPHORUS DISTRIBUTION AND C : N : P RATIOS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN AMAZON FAN SEDIMENTS : INDICES OF ORGANIC MATTER SOURCE AND BURIAL HISTORY

Solid-phase total, inorganic, and organic phosphorus (TP, IP, and OP) concentrations and C:N:P ratios of sediment organic matter from Sites 932 and 942 on the Amazon Fan, collected during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 155, are presented here. Depth trends in phosphorus distribution are consistent with lithostratigraphic evidence for variations in the supply of terrestrially derived detritus, display evidence of remineralization of OP with depth, and are suggestive of reincorporation of remineralized OP by secondary authigenic phosphate minerals. The diagenetic transformation of phosphorus suggested by the solidphase data is supported by pore-water data. Variations in elemental C:N:P ratios with depth are interpreted as resulting predominantly from changing proportions of terrestrially derived vs. marine-derived organic matter. The timing of these shifts is consistent with those predicted on the basis of lithostratigraphic evidence, and other organic geochemical data, which suggest that these ratios may be used as indicators of organic-matter source. This conclusion is supported by the systematic correlation of organic matter-derived C:N:P elemental ratios with the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from these sediments. Taken together, the lithostratigraphic, elemental ratio, and carbon isotopic composition data, are consistent with shifts between the accumulation of dominantly terrestrially derived detritus on the Amazon Fan during times of low sea-level stand, giving way to dominantly hemipelagic sedimentation during times of high sea-level stand. The oxygen isotope stratigraphy developed for Sites 932 and 942 is consistent with the timing of sea-level change inferred from the C:N:P elemental ratios and carbon isotopic signatures of organic matter in these sediments.
Key issues in the Afro-American experience

Brings together 27 essays - 24 written specifically for these volumes - on critical issues of the black American experience. Essays deal with theoretical as well as historical issues, and often present conflicting views on the same topic.
A fuzzy model for competency-based employee evaluation and selection

The employee evaluation and selection system is an important problem that can significantly affect the future competitiveness and the performance of an organization. This paper presents a comprehensive hierarchical structure for selecting and evaluating a right employee. The structure can systematically build the goals of employee selection to carry out the business goals and strategies of an organization, identify the suitable factor and measure indicators, and set up a consistent evaluation standard for facilitating a decision process. The process of matching an employee with a certain job is performed through a competency-based fuzzy model. An example demonstrates the feasibility of the presented framework. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroids.

BACKGROUND
Uterine fibroids, also called uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are the most common benign tumours in women of reproductive age. Albeit generally benign, uterine ﬁ broids can have a major impact on women's health and quality of life by contributing to abnormal uterine bleeding and causing pelvic pressure symptoms (such as increased urinary frequency, pelvic pain and constipation). Traditional treatments for symptomatic ﬁ broids include a variety of surgical techniques. However, because of the high recurrence rate, as well as possible pain and infertility caused by the formation of postoperative adhesions, this approach may not be advisable. Safer and more effective medical therapy has long been awaited. Both in vitro studies and clinical trials have suggested that use of the aromatase inhibitors (AIs), a class of anti-oestrogens, might inhibit ﬁ broid growth, thereby eliminating the need for surgery.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) in women with uterine fibroids.


SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following databases (from inception to August 21, 2013): Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. In addition, the reference lists of included trials were searched, and experts in the field were contacted.


SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in women of reproductive age comparing the effects of any AI versus placebo, no treatment or any medical treatment/surgery were included.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Selection of eligible trials, assessment of trial quality and data extraction were performed independently by two review authors. If data were available, we planned to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for analysis of dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).


MAIN RESULTS
Only one trial involving 70 participants was included. This trial did not report our primary review outcome (relief of symptoms of fibroids). The only secondary review outcomes reported by this trial were adverse effects (hot flushes) and reduction in fibroid size. Significantly fewer women reported hot flushes in the letrozole group than in the GnRHa group (0/33 vs 26/27, P < 0.05). Use of letrozole reduced fibroid volume by 46% and use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (GnRHa) by 32% after 12 weeks of treatment; these proportions were not significantly different. The included trial did not report data on fibroid volume in a form that permitted calcuation of an odds ratio. Morevoer it was unblinded and included only 60/70 women in analysis.


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence is insufficient to support the use of AI drugs in the treatment of women with uterine fibroids.
Optimal Driving Efficiency Design for the Single-Phase Brushless DC Fan Motor

One of the methods to improve efficiency and torque performance of the single-phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor is to find out the optimum commutation angle at each different speed. We used the finite-element method (FEM) to simulate the back-EMF voltage and the coil current for the single-phase BLDC motor, and then adjust the conduction time of switches by detecting the waveform of coil current. The motor can improve its efficiency, noise, and vibration when it obtains the optimal shift angle of each speed. We used PSPICE to verify the exactness of FEM simulation results of the single-phase BLDC motor. We adopted Microchip's dsPIC30F4011 digital signal processor (DSP) to process the Hall signal and the driving signals of switches of the driving system prototype of the single-phase BLDC fan motor. Finally, we used the related experimental results to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed driver.
What does heart disease have to do with anxiety?

This issue of the Journal features 2 unusual reports concerning anxiety as risk factors for subsequent cardiac disease. I say “unusual reports” because they do not focus on how current anxiety levels are related to current cardiac symptoms. Rather, they focus on the extent to which anxiety