LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Water properties in Chesapeake Bay from MODIS-Aqua measurements

a r t i c l e i n f o This study evaluates the performance of ocean color products derived from measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua using the standard near-infrared (NIR) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithms in the Chesapeake Bay. The MODIS-Aqua-derived normalized water-leaving radiances, nL w (λ), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data are compared with in situ ra-diometric measurements from the NASA SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) database and Chl-a data from the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Database. Results show that, using the NIR-SWIR combined ocean color data processing, improved nL w (λ) and Chl-a data products can be produced in the Chesapeake Bay. However, Chl-a data are still overestimated in some Chesapeake Bay regions, in particular, in the upper bay region where waters are strongly influenced by the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration. Specifically, using the NIR-SWIR approach, mean ratios of MODIS-derived and in situ-measured nL w mean Chl-a values over the region from satellite-derived and in situ-measure data are 11.14 and 10.28 mg·m − 3 , respectively. Based on a strong correlation relationship between TSS and water diffuse attenuation coefficient, a regional TSS algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay has been developed and validated, with mean ratio of 1.064 between MODIS-derived and in situ-measured TSS data. Therefore, using the NIR-SWIR algorithm for MODIS-Aqua ocean color data processing, nL w (λ), Chl-a, and TSS data from 2002 to 2010 for the Chesapeake Bay have been generated and used for characterizing the water properties in the region, showing strong seasonal and inter-annual variability, as well as important spatial variations in the region. The Chesapeake Bay has highly productive waters along the U.S. East Coast region with about 2.3 × 10 3 m 3 ·s − 1 of river freshwaters on average flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including dissolved and particulate materials (Schubel & Pritchard, 1986). Bio-optical properties of the Chesapeake Bay waters are strongly influenced by complex constituents of high phytoplankton concentration, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and total suspended sediment (TSS) (Gallegos et al. Thus, satellite-derived chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations using bio-optical models for open ocean (Case-1) waters (O'Reilly et al., 1998) are often overestimated in the turbid coastal waters (Magnuson et al., 2004; Werdell et al., 2009). There have been considerable efforts in developing bio-optical models for Chl-a products from satellite ocean color sensors such as the Sea-Viewing …
Effects of an oral MMP-9 and -12 inhibitor, AZD1236, on biomarkers in moderate/severe COPD: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
There is a pressing need for new forms of treatment for COPD. Based on the known pathophysiology of COPD, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases is a theoretically promising approach. This Phase IIa study evaluated the effects of AZD1236, a selective MMP-9 and MMP-12 inhibitor, on the biomarkers of inflammation and emphysematous lung tissue degradation in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.


METHODS
This was a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled signal-searching study conducted in men and women aged ≥40 years with stable moderate-to-severe COPD. After a 2-6-week period to eliminate any remaining effects of previous medication, 55 patients received oral AZD1236 75 mg or matching placebo twice daily for 6 weeks. Differential cell count and TNF-α levels in induced sputum and 24-h urinary desmosine excretion were the main study variables, but a range of exploratory biomarkers was also assessed in induced sputum, blood and urine. Secondary variables included lung function and patient-recorded Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) responses and diary records of symptoms, adverse events, use of rescue medication and AZD1236 plasma concentrations.


RESULTS
The majority of variables showed little change compared to placebo although there was a possible, but not statistically significant reduction in urinary desmosine excretion and reductions in the number and percentage of lymphocytes in sputum and blood with AZD1236. No effect was seen on clinical parameters after 6 weeks of treatment. The proportion of patients experiencing adverse events was similar in both treatment groups.


CONCLUSIONS
AZD1236 dosed orally at 75 mg twice daily was generally well tolerated over 6 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. No clinical efficacy of AZD1236 was demonstrated in this short-term signal-searching study, although possible evidence of an impact on desmosine may suggest the potential value of selective inhibitors of MMPs in the treatment of COPD in longer term trials.
Breadth-first crawling yields high-quality pages

This paper examines the average page quality over time of pages downloaded during a web crawl of 328 million unique pages. We use the connectivity-based metric PageRank to measure the quality of a page. We show that traversing the web graph in breadth-first search order is a good crawling strategy, as it tends to discover high-quality pages early on in the crawl.
The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the revised and short version of the smartphone addiction scale and the proof of its validity in adolescents. In addition, it suggested cutting off the values by gender in order to determine smartphone addiction and elaborate the characteristics of smartphone usage in adolescents.


METHOD
A set of questionnaires were provided to a total of 540 selected participants from April to May of 2013. The participants consisted of 343 boys and 197 girls, and their average age was 14.5 years old. The content validity was performed on a selection of shortened items, while an internal-consistency test was conducted for the verification of its reliability. The concurrent validity was confirmed using SAS, SAPS and KS-scale. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was conducted to suggest cut-off.


RESULTS
The 10 final questions were selected using content validity. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of SAS were verified with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.911. The SAS-SV was significantly correlated with the SAS, SAPS and KS-scale. The SAS-SV scores of gender (p<.001) and self-evaluation of smartphone addiction (p<.001) showed significant difference. The ROC analysis results showed an area under a curve (AUC) value of 0.963(0.888-1.000), a cut-off value of 31, sensitivity value of 0.867 and specificity value of 0.893 in boys while an AUC value of 0.947(0.887-1.000), a cut-off value of 33, sensitivity value of 0.875, and a specificity value of 0.886 in girls.


CONCLUSIONS
The SAS-SV showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was developed and validated in this study, could be used efficiently for the evaluation of smartphone addiction in community and research areas.
Authentication Via Algebraic-Geometric Codes

In this primarily expository paper we exhibit a close connection between the concepts of universal hash classes and error-correcting codes. We derive the properties that an algebraic curve must enjoy in order to yield codes which are well-suited for this application.
Implementation of RCGP guidelines for acute low back pain: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) has produced guidelines for the management of acute low back pain in primary care.


AIM
To investigate the impact on patient management of an educational strategy to promote these guidelines among general practitioners (GPs).


DESIGN OF STUDY
Group randomised controlled trial, using the health centre as the unit of randomisation.


SETTING
Primary care teams in north-west England.


METHOD
Twenty-four health centres were randomly allocated to an intervention or control arm. Practices in the intervention arm were offered outreach visits to promote national guidelines on acute low back pain, as well as access to fast-track physiotherapy and to a triage service for patients with persistent symptoms.


RESULTS
Twenty-four centres were randomised. Two thousand, one hundred and eighty-seven eligible patients presented with acute low back pain during the study period: 1049 in the intervention group and 1138 in the control group. There were no significant differences between study groups in the proportion of patients who were referred for X-ray, issued with a sickness certificate, prescribed opioids or muscle relaxants, or who were referred to secondary care, but significantly more patients in the intervention group were referred to physiotherapy or the back pain unit (difference in proportion = 12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8% to 21.6%).


CONCLUSION
The management of patients presenting with low back pain to primary care was mostly unchanged by an outreach educational strategy to promote greater adherence to RCGP guidelines among GPs. An increase in referral to physiotherapy or educational programmes followed the provision of a triage service.
Children's intake of fruit and selected energy-dense nutrient-poor foods is associated with fathers' intake.

Parental dietary intake, lifestyle behavior, and parenting style influence a child's weight status. Few studies have examined associations between parent-child dietary intake, or specific father-child associations. This cross-sectional study examined associations between father-child dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and selected energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. The study population consisted of overweight fathers with 50 father-child dyads included in the analysis; median (interquartile range) age of fathers was 39±8.0 years; body mass index was 32.7±5.3; and their primary school-aged children (n=50) (54% boys aged 8.5±3.0 years, body mass index z score 0.6±1.6) who had been targeted to participate in the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids pilot trial in the Hunter region, New South Wales, Australia in 2008. Dietary intakes of fathers and children were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, with mothers reporting their child's food intake. Descriptive statistics were reported and Spearman's rank order correlations used to test the strength of associations between father-child intakes. Fathers' median (interquartile range) daily fruit and vegetable intakes were 0.9 (1.5) and 2.2 (1.3) servings/day, respectively, whereas children consumed 2.1 (2.4) fruit and 2.9 (2.1) vegetable servings/day. Moderately-strong positive correlations were found between father-child fruit intakes (r=0.40, P<0.01), cookies (r=0.54, P<0.001), and potato chips (r=0.33, P<0.05). There were no associations between intakes of vegetables, ice cream, chocolate, or french fries (P>0.05). Children's intakes of fruit and some energy-dense nutrient-poor foods but not vegetables were related to their father's intakes. The targeting of fathers should be tested in experimental studies as a potential strategy to improve child and family eating habits.
Clinical application of the fast track surgery model based on preoperative nutritional risk screening in patients with esophageal cancer.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical application of the fast track surgery (FTS) model based on preoperative nutritional risk screening (NRS) in patients with esophageal cancer.


METHODS
180 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery between January 2008 and April 2014 were randomly divided into study and control groups based on matched-pairs. The study group underwent assessment using the NRS 2002 and received treatment before surgery and the control group was treated by the conventional method. Postoperative indicators including time to first exsufflation, time to defecation, time to chest tube removal, hospitalization duration, and postoperative complications were examined after surgery.


RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the postoperative indicators including time to first exsufflation (88.4±2.76 vs 57.83±2.68 hours), time to first defecation (4.68±1.71 vs 3.28±1.34 days), time to chest tube removal (4.30±0.25 vs 2.70±0.33 days), postoperative hospitalization durations (11.71±1.39 vs 9.00±0.78 days), and total complication rate (18.9% [17/90] vs 6.67% [6/90]) were all significantly reduced in the study group (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The FTS model based on NRS can effectively promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and shorten hospital stay.
DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search

This paper addresses the scalability challenge of architecture search by formulating the task in a differentiable manner. Unlike conventional approaches of applying evolution or reinforcement learning over a discrete and non-differentiable search space, our method is based on the continuous relaxation of the architecture representation, allowing efficient search of the architecture using gradient descent. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10, ImageNet, Penn Treebank and WikiText-2 show that our algorithm excels in discovering high-performance convolutional architectures for image classification and recurrent architectures for language modeling, while being orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art non-differentiable techniques. Our implementation has been made publicly available to facilitate further research on efficient architecture search algorithms.
Analysis of Snake Movement Forms for Realization of Snake-Like Robots

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Psychological morbidity and health-related quality of life in patients with differing awareness of cancer diagnosis: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE
Concealment of cancer diagnosis from patients is not rare worldwide and physicians in mainland China are in fact discouraged from disclosing a cancer diagnosis to cancer patients. Preventing worsened psychological morbidity is at the core of the argument for nondisclosure. The purpose of this study was to quantify anxiety, depression, and distress among patients with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis. Quality of life was also measured.


METHODS
Using a cross-sectional and blinded design, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, the Distress Thermometer, and the SF-36 Health Survey were administered to 287 hospitalized patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors. Independently, the patients' awareness of disease was assessed with semistructured interviews.


RESULTS
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Distress Thermometer, and SF-36 did not identify significant differences in scores among the hospitalized patients with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis: an awaiting diagnosis group, a concealed diagnosis group, and a disclosed diagnosis group.


CONCLUSIONS
Before surgery, inpatients who were hospitalized because of oral and maxillofacial tumors with various degrees of awareness of their cancer diagnosis had similar psychological morbidity and quality of life. Informing hospitalized cancer patients of their diagnosis before surgery may not deteriorate their psychiatric condition or their quality of life.
Well-being and the Dark Triad

a r t i c l e i n f o Much of the research in the last few years has linked the Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machi-avellianism) to negative outcomes. In a sample of Polish undergraduate students, we examined how the Dark Triad traits differ in their relationships with eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Narcissism was positively related to both variants of well-being, and after controlling for its shared variance with the other two dark traits its relations to well-being outcomes have noticeably increased. While psychopathy was related to lower levels of both eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, Machiavellianism was generally unrelated to well-being outcomes. The Dark Triad managed to predict unique variance in most of well-being scales, beyond broad personality factors. This research, depicting independent contributions of the Dark Triad traits to eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, suggested that having a sub-clinical narcissistic personality is helpful for living a good, full functioning life, and may even be useful for well-being of others. In recent years there has been exponential increase of interest in a set of socially aversive traits collectively referred to as the Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and their psy-chosocial determinants and correlates. Although narcissism and psy-chopathy are originated in clinical literature and practice, they are treated as sub-clinical traits in the Dark Triad composite. Hence, the Dark Triad deals with narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism at non-clinical levels that varies within the normal population. People high on these " dark " personalities are characterized by disagreeable-ness, callousness, dishonesty, duplicity, and aggressiveness; they tend to lead a fast and exploitive, rather than a caring and prosocial, Of these three dark traits narcissism is on the " lighter " side while the other two, the Malicious Two, are further on the dark side (Furnham et al., 2013; Rauthmann & Kolar, 2012). For instance, while people showing psychopathic or Machiavellian traits do not particularly live a long, and happy life, high scorers on narcissism often report higher levels of self-esteem and subjective well-being Additionally, higher levels of attractiveness (a desirable feature in both short-term and long-term relationships) in narcissists " lead to positive feedback from others that enhances self-views " (Holtzman & Strube, 2010, p. 134). Nevertheless, this does not mean that narcissism is a purely adaptive trait; it is clearly maladaptive in a number of respects, and has long-term interpersonal costs, such as mate abandonment, and attachment …
A Canonical Locally Named Representation of Binding

This paper is about completely formal representation of languages with binding. We have previously written about a representation following an approach going back to Frege, based on first-order syntax using distinct syntactic classes for locally bound variables vs. global or free variables (Sato and Pollack, J Symb Comput 45:598–616, 2010). The present paper differs from our previous work by being more abstract. Whereas we previously gave a particular concrete function for canonically choosing the names of binders, here we characterize abstractly the properties required of such a choice function to guarantee canonical representation, and focus on the metatheory of the representation, proving that it is in substitution preserving isomorphism with the nominal Isabelle representation of pure lambda terms. This metatheory is formalized in Isabelle/HOL. The final section outlines a formalization in Matita of a challenging language with multiple binding and simultaneous substitution. The Isabelle and Matita proof files are available online.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE SPORT CULTURE: THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY TO THE SELECT FEW

Sport has high social valence and is a primary context for physical activity for the majority of youth. Moreover, the number of youth competing in sports at national and international levels continues to increase. As a consequence of emphasis on sport, many children and adolescents are encouraged to begin specialized, systematic training in a sport at relatively young ages with the goal of attaining elite status. Of course, it is not clear if it is the youngster’s goal or that of his/her parents, coaches and/or sports system. Focus on elite young athletes, or young athletes aspiring for elite status, often detracts from the potential importance of organized sport in the lives of all children and adolescents. The highly talented are a very visible minority whereas the overwhelming majority of youth who participate and never attain elite levels pass under the radar. Unfortunately, attention and often resources, as well as commentaries in the print and electronic media, focus on the exceptional minority! The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it considers organized youth sport in the lives of children and adolescents who fill the rosters of programs throughout the world, i.e. the majority. It specifically addresses the following question: Do organized sport programs for youth meet their stated objectives? Second, it considers sport programs for elite, the select, highly visible minority, in terms of the rush to early specialization and potential consequences of being labeled talented at a young age. Background
Annotating meta-discourse in academic lectures from different disciplines

The use of discourse structure was shown to be effective in various applications. Meta-discourse is often used as an expression to signal discourse structure. Previous work focused on using the meta-discourse structure in written texts, or spoken material in very clean conditions. This paper presents a metadiscourse annotated corpus in a more challenging educational context. The corpus comprises of academic lectures from two different disciplines: physics and economics. The schema used focuses on five categories: Introduction, Conclusion, Previewing, Reviewing and Enumerating. The annotation task is described in detail, including instructions and strategies used by expert annotators. Annotation results are reported in terms of inter-annotator agreement, self-reported confidence and number of occurrences. Results show that meta-discourse is frequently used in academic lectures and this is observed in the two selected disciplines. Further analysis of the corpus is conducted showing that some of these categories, namely Introduction and Previewing, are correlated with labelled topic boundaries, which is also consistent in both disciplines. This finding shows the potential for using meta-discourse information in topic segmentation task.
Quality-of-Experience-Oriented Autonomous Intersection Control in Vehicular Networks

Recent advances in autonomous vehicles and vehicular communications are envisioned to enable novel approaches to managing and controlling traffic intersections. In particular, with intersection controller units (ICUs), passing vehicles can be instructed to cross the intersection safely without traffic signals. Previous efforts on autonomous intersection control mainly focused on guaranteeing the safe passage of vehicles and improving intersection throughput, without considering the quality of the travel experience from the passengers' perspective. In this paper, we aim to design an enhanced autonomous intersection control mechanism, which not only ensures vehicle safety and enhances traffic efficiency but also cares about the travel experience of passengers. In particular, we design the metric of smoothness to quantitatively capture the quality of experience. In addition, we consider the travel time of individual vehicles when passing the intersection in scheduling to avoid a long delay of some vehicles, which not only helps with improving intersection throughput but also enhances the system's fairness. With the above considerations, we formulate the intersection control model and transform it into a convex optimization problem. On this basis, we propose a new algorithm to achieve an optimal solution with low overhead. Finally, we build the simulation model and implement the algorithm for performance evaluation. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.