LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Digital Forensics Trends

1. ABSTRACT Digital forensic has evolved from addressing minor computer crimes to investigation of complex international cases with massive effect on the world. This paper studies the evolution of the digital forensic; its origins, its current position and its future directions. This paper sets the scene with exploring past literature on digital forensic approaches followed by the assessment and analysis of current state of art in both industrial and academic digital forensics research. The obtained results are compared and analyzed to provide a comprehensive view of the current digital forensics landscape. Furthermore, this paper highlights critical digital forensic issues that are being overlooked and not being addressed as deserved. The paper finally concludes with offering future research directions in this area.
Effects of different types of exercise training followed by detraining on endothelium-dependent dilation in patients with recent myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
In coronary artery disease, exercise training (ET) is associated with an improvement in endothelial function, but little is known about the relative effect of different types of training. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of different types of ET on endothelial function in 209 patients after a first recent acute myocardial infarction.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Endothelial function was evaluated before and after 4 weeks of different types of ET and after 1 month of detraining by measuring flow-mediated dilation and von Willebrand factor levels at baseline and after ET. Patients were randomized into 4 groups: group 1, aerobic ET (n=52); group 2, resistance training (n=54); group 3, resistance plus aerobic training (n=53); and group 4, no training (n=50). At baseline, flow-mediated dilation was 4.5+/-2.6% in group 1, 4.01+/-1.6% in group 2, 4.4+/-4% in group 3, and 4.3+/-2.3% in group 4 (P=NS). After ET, flow-mediated dilation increased to 9.9+/-2.5% in group 1, 10.1+/-2.6% in group 2, and 10.8+/-3% in group 3 (P<0.01 versus baseline for all groups); it also increased in group 4 but to a much lesser extent (to 5.1+/-2.5%; P<0.01 versus trained groups). The von Willebrand factor level after ET decreased by 16% (P<0.01) similarly in groups 1, 2, and 3 but remained unchanged in group 4. Detraining returned flow-mediated dilation to baseline levels (P<0.01 versus posttraining).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with recent acute myocardial infarction, ET was associated with improved endothelial function independently of the type of training, but this effect disappeared after 1 month of detraining.
Effect of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses to a multipeptide melanoma vaccine: outcome of a multicenter randomized trial.

PURPOSE
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administered locally together with vaccines can augment T-cell responses in animal models. Human experience has been limited to small and uncontrolled trials. Thus, a multicenter randomized phase II trial was done to determine whether local administration of GM-CSF augments immunogenicity of a multipeptide vaccine. It also assessed immunogenicity of administration in one versus two vaccine sites.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
One hundred twenty-one eligible patients with resected stage IIB to IV melanoma were vaccinated with 12 MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptides to stimulate CD8+ T cells plus a HLA-DR-restricted tetanus helper peptide to stimulate CD4+ T cells, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, with or without 110 microg GM-CSF. Among 119 evaluable patients, T-cell responses were assessed by IFN-gamma ELIspot assay and tetramer analysis. Clinical outcomes were recorded.


RESULTS
CD8+ T-cell response rates to the 12 MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptides (by day 50) with or without GM-CSF were 34% and 73%, respectively (P < 0.001), by direct ELIspot assay. Tetramer analyses corroborated the functional data. CD4+ T-cell responses to tetanus helper peptide were higher without GM-CSF (95% versus 77%; P = 0.005). There was no significant difference by number of vaccine sites. Three-year overall and disease-free survival estimates (95% confidence interval) were 76% (67-83%) and 52% (43-61%), respectively, with too few events to assess differences by study group.


CONCLUSIONS
High immune response rates for this multipeptide vaccine were achieved, but CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were lower when administered with GM-CSF. These data challenge the value of local GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant in humans.
Neurosarcoidosis: a review of its intracranial manifestation

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown cause and with a worldwide distribution. Involvement of the central nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. Isolated neurosarcoidosis without signs of systemic disease is a rarity. Because of its non-specific clinical presentation and neuroradiological imaging characteristics, intracranial neurosarcoidosis remains a very difficult diagnosis, particularly in the absence of systemic signs of the disease. Intracranial neurosarcoidosis has a predilection for the basal leptomeninges commonly affecting the cranial nerves, but any part of the brain may be involved, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes. Cranial nerve involvement is the most common single symptom. Intracranial sarcoid manifests as nodular or diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and extra- or intra-axial parenchymatous lesions. Intracranial sarcoid may mimic various forms of meningitis, including carcinomatous and intracranial mass lesions such as meningioma, lymphoma and glioma, based on neuroradiological imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is a very sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting intracranial abnormalities due to neurosarcoidosis. Lumbar puncture is useful in ruling out other neurological disorders, in particular infectious, but cerebrospinal fluid findings are not specific. Angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may be increased, decreased or normal. Therapy consists of immunosuppressive agents and should be initiated with corticosteroids. Other immunosuppressive drugs should be added in severe cases or after frequent recurrences. We review here all aspects of intracranial neurosarcoidosis from the clinical point of view, with special emphasis on presentation, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnostic considerations and treatment.
Telemedical care: feasibility and perception of the patients and physicians: a survey-based acceptance analysis of the Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM-HF) trial.

BACKGROUND
The randomized Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM-HF) trial (NCT00543881) was performed during 2008 and 2010 to determine whether physician-led remote patient management (RPM) compared with usual care would result in reduced mortality and morbidity in stable out-patient heart failure (HF) patients. However, besides results of clinical benefit, the acceptance by patients and primary physicians is necessary for the implementation of RPM as part of the upcoming out-patient HF-care programs.


METHODS
Two months after finishing of the trial, a survey based analysis of the perception of telemedical care with patients (n=288) and primary physicians (n=102) was carried out. The survey included questions regarding self-management, usability and physician-patient communication.


RESULTS
The concept of RPM was perceived positively by patients and physicians. The devices were assessed as easy to use (98.6%, n=224) and robust (88.8%, n=202). Through trial participation and daily measurements most of the patients (85.5%, n=195) felt more confident in dealing with their disease than before. The perception of the nurses and physicians of the telemedical centers was professional (92.1%, n=210 and 89.9%, n=205) and committed (94.3%, n=215 and 91.7%, n=209). Also more than half of the patients noticed an improvement in the contact with their primary physician (52.6%, n=120); and for 46.1% (n=105) the contact has not been changed.


CONCLUSIONS
RPM will be a medical care concept for recently hospitalized HF- patients in the near future but the optimal telemedical setting of RPM and the duration of this intervention have to be defined in further clinical trials.
Unconscious race and social class bias among acute care surgical clinicians and clinical treatment decisions.

IMPORTANCE
Significant health inequities persist among minority and socially disadvantaged patients. Better understanding of how unconscious biases affect clinical decision making may help to illuminate clinicians' roles in propagating disparities.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether clinicians' unconscious race and/or social class biases correlate with patient management decisions.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a web-based survey among 230 physicians from surgery and related specialties at an academic, level I trauma center from December 1, 2011, through January 31, 2012.


INTERVENTIONS
We administered clinical vignettes, each with 3 management questions. Eight vignettes assessed the relationship between unconscious bias and clinical decision making. We performed ordered logistic regression analysis on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) scores and used multivariable analysis to determine whether implicit bias was associated with the vignette responses.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Differential response times (D scores) on the IAT as a surrogate for unconscious bias. Patient management vignettes varied by patient race or social class. Resulting D scores were calculated for each management decision.


RESULTS
In total, 215 clinicians were included and consisted of 74 attending surgeons, 32 fellows, 86 residents, 19 interns, and 4 physicians with an undetermined level of education. Specialties included surgery (32.1%), anesthesia (18.1%), emergency medicine (18.1%), orthopedics (7.9%), otolaryngology (7.0%), neurosurgery (7.0%), critical care (6.0%), and urology (2.8%); 1.9% did not report a departmental affiliation. Implicit race and social class biases were present in most respondents. Among all clinicians, mean IAT D scores for race and social class were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.37-0.48) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65-0.78), respectively. Race and class scores were similar across departments (general surgery, orthopedics, urology, etc), race, or age. Women demonstrated less bias concerning race (mean IAT D score, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.29-0.49]) and social class (mean IAT D score, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57-0.75]) relative to men (mean IAT D scores, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.37-0.52] and 0.82 [95% CI, 0.75-0.89], respectively). In univariate analyses, we found an association between race/social class bias and 3 of 27 possible patient-care decisions. Multivariable analyses revealed no association between the IAT D scores and vignette-based clinical assessments.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Unconscious social class and race biases were not significantly associated with clinical decision making among acute care surgical clinicians. Further studies involving real physician-patient interactions may be warranted.
Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools.

UNLABELLED
The importance of movement is often overlooked because it is such a natural part of human life. It is, however, crucial for a child's physical, cognitive and social development. In addition, experiences support learning and development of fundamental movement skills. The foundations of those skills are laid in early childhood and essential to encourage a physically active lifestyle. Fundamental movement skill performance can be examined with several assessment tools. The choice of a test will depend on the context in which the assessment is planned. This article compares seven assessment tools which are often referred to in European or international context. It discusses the tools' usefulness for the assessment of movement skill development in general population samples. After a brief description of each assessment tool the article focuses on contents, reliability, validity and normative data. A conclusion outline of strengths and weaknesses of all reviewed assessment tools focusing on their use in educational research settings is provided and stresses the importance of regular data collection of fundamental movement skill development among preschool children. Key pointsThis review discusses seven movement skill assessment tool's test content, reliability, validity and normative samples.The seven assessment tools all showed to be of great value. Strengths and weaknesses indicate that test choice will depend on specific purpose of test use.Further data collection should also include larger data samples of able bodied preschool children.Admitting PE specialists in assessment of fundamental movement skill performance among preschool children is recommended.The assessment tool's normative data samples would benefit from frequent movement skill performance follow-up of today's children.


ABBREVIATIONS
MOT 4-6: Motoriktest fur vier- bis sechsjährige Kinder, M-ABC: Movement Assessment Battery for Children, PDMS: Peabody Development Scales, KTK: Körper-Koordinationtest für Kinder, TGDM: Test of Gross Motor Development, MMT: Maastrichtse Motoriektest, BOTMP: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient, NR: not reported, GM: gross motor, LV: long version, SV: short version, LF: long form, SF: short form, STV: subtest version, SEMs: standard errors of measurement, TMQ: Total Motor Quotient, TMC: Total Motor Composite, CSSA: Comprehensive Scales of Student Abilities MSEL: Mullen Scales of Early learning: AGS Edition AUC: Areas under curve BC: Battery composite ROC: Receiver operating characteristic.
Asymptotically autonomous semiflows: Chain recurrence and lyapunov functions

From the work of C. Conley, it is known that the omega limit set of a precompact orbit of an autonomous semiflow is a chain recurrent set. Here, we improve a result of L. Markus by showing that the omega limit set of a solution of an asymptotically autonomous semiflow is a chain recurrent set relative to the limiting autonomous semiflow. In the special case that there is a Lyapunov function for the limiting semiflow, sufficient conditions are given for an omega limit set of the asymptotically autonomous semiflow to be contained in a level set of the Lyapunov function. Introduction In the well-known paper of Markus [Ma], a fundamental result concerning the large time behavior of solutions of asymptotically autonomous ordinary differential equations is obtained. Recall that the nonautonomous system of differential equations in R" (0.1) x' = f(t,x), is said to be asymptotically autonomous—with limit equation (0.2) y' = g{y), if f(t,x)->g(x), /-too, where the convergence is uniform on each compact subset of R" . For simplicity, we assume in this introduction that / and g are continuous functions and that they are locally Lipschitz on R" . The colimit set, co(to, Xq) , of a bounded solution x(t) of (0.1) on t > to satisfying x(to) = xq is defined in the usual way: (¿>(to, Xq) = \ y : y = lim x(t¡), for some sequence t,■ —> oo >. I >-°° J The result of Markus is the following. Received by the editors March 29, 1994 and, in revised form, July 5, 1994. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 34C35, 35B40, 58F35.
Evaluation of spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques

In this study, spatial and seasonal variations of water quality in Haraz River Basin were evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis. Water quality data collected from 8 sampling stations in river during 4 seasons (Summer and Autumn of 2007, Winter and Spring of 2008) were analyzed for 10 parameters (dissolved oxygen, Fecal Coliform, pH, water temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, total phosphate, turbidity, total solid and discharge). Cluster analysis grouped eight sampling stations into three clusters of similar water quality features and thereupon the whole river basin may be categorized into three zones, i.e. low, moderate and high pollution. The principle component analysis/factor analysis assisted to extract and recognize the factors or origins responsible for water quality variations in four seasons of the year. The natural parameters (temperature and discharge), the inorganic parameter (total solid) and the organic nutrients (nitrate) were the most significant parameters contributing to water quality variations for all seasons. Result of principal component analysis and factor analysis evinced that, a parameter that can be significant in contribution to water quality variations in river for one season, may less or not be significant for another one.
Multi-type childhood abuse, strategies of coping, and psychological adaptations in young adults.

AIM
To retrospectively analyze the rate of multi-type abuse in childhood and the effects of childhood abuse and type of coping strategies on the psychological adaptation of young adults in a sample form the student population of the University of Mostar.


METHODS
The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 233 students from the University of Mostar (196 female and 37 male), with a median age of 20 (interquartile range, 2). Exposure to abuse was determined using the Child Maltreatment Scales for Adults, which assesses emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect, and witnessing family violence. Psychological adaptation was explored by the Trauma Symptom Checklist, which assesses anxiety/depression, sexual problems, trauma symptoms, and somatic symptoms. Strategies of coping with stress were explored by the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations.


RESULTS
Multi-type abuse in childhood was experienced by 172 participants (74%) and all types of abuse by 11 (5%) participants. Emotional and physical maltreatment were the most frequent types of abuse and mostly occurred together with other types of abuse. Significant association was found between all types of abuse (r=0.436-0.778, P<0.050). Exposure to sexual abuse in childhood and coping strategies were significant predictors of anxiety/depression (R(2)=0.3553), traumatic symptoms (R(2)=0.2299), somatic symptoms (R(2)=0.2173), and sexual problems (R(2)=0.1550, P<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Exposure to multi-type abuse in childhood is a traumatic experience with long-term negative effects. Problem-oriented coping strategies ensure a better psychosocial adaptation than emotion-oriented strategies.
Peri-implant diseases: a review of treatment interventions.

The ideal management of peri-implant diseases focuses on infection control, detoxification of implant surfaces, regeneration of lost tissues, and plaque-control regimens via mechanical debridement (with or without raising a surgical flap). However, a variety of other therapeutic modalities also have been proposed for the management of peri-implantitis. These treatment strategies encompass use of antiseptics and/or antibiotics, laser therapy, guided bone regeneration, and photodynamic therapy. The aim of this article was to review indexed literature with reference to the various therapeutic interventions proposed for the management of peri-implant diseases.
Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): a novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

BACKGROUND
Minimally disruptive approaches to the anterior lumbar spine continue to evolve in a quest to reduce approach-related morbidity. A lateral retroperitoneal, trans-psoas approach to the anterior disc space allows for complete discectomy, distraction, and interbody fusion without the need for an approach surgeon.


PURPOSE
To demonstrate the feasibility of a minimally disruptive lateral retroperitoneal approach and the advantages to patient recovery.


METHODS/RESULTS
The extreme lateral approach (Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion [XLIF]) is described in a step-wise manner. There have been no complications thus far in the author's first 13 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The XLIF approach allows for anterior access to the disc space without an approach surgeon or the complications of an anterior intra-abdominal procedure. Longer-term follow-up and data analysis are under way, but initial findings are encouraging.
Endothelin production in pulmonary circulation of patients with mitral stenosis.

BACKGROUND
Although plasma endothelin concentrations are elevated in patients with pulmonary hypertension, the precise sites of endothelin production have not been defined. We investigated the endothelin production in the pulmonary circulation of patients with mitral stenosis and its effects on pulmonary vascular tone.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We measured plasma concentrations of endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and thrombomodulin in blood samples obtained from the right and left atria of 10 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (mean age, 55 years; range, 39 to 68) who were undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were significantly higher in the left atrium than in the right atrium (3.25 +/- 0.45 versus 2.53 +/- 0.36 pg/mL, mean +/- SE, P < .001). The increased plasma endothelin-1 level in the left atrium, which reflected endothelin-1 production in the pulmonary circulation, was correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = .65, P = .04), mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (r = .67, P = .03), total pulmonary resistance (r = .68, P = .03), and 1/mitral valve area (r = .85, P = .002) but not with pulmonary vascular resistance (r = .04, P = .91). There were no significant differences in plasma levels of angiotensin II and thrombomodulin between the right and left atria (angiotensin II, 16.40 +/- 3.08 versus 15.50 +/- 4.85 pg/mL; thrombomodulin, 2.96 +/- 0.34 versus 2.85 +/- 0.37 ng/mL).


CONCLUSIONS
Endothelin-1 production is increased in the pulmonary circulation of patients with mitral stenosis in response to increased pulmonary artery pressure but is not directly related to increased pulmonary vascular tone in this disorder.
On beamforming with finite rate feedback in multiple-antenna systems

In this paper, we study a multiple antenna system where the transmitter is equipped with quantized information about instantaneous channel realizations. Assuming that the transmitter uses the quantized information for beamforming, we derive a universal lower bound on the outage probability for any finite set of beamformers. The universal lower bound provides a concise characterization of the gain with each additional bit of feedback information regarding the channel. Using the bound, it is shown that finite information systems approach the perfect information case as , where is the number of feedback bits and is the number of transmit antennas. The geometrical bounding technique, used in the proof of the lower bound, also leads to a design criterion for good beamformers, whose outage performance approaches the lower bound. The design criterion minimizes the maximum inner product between any two beamforming vectors in the beamformer codebook, and is equivalent to the problem of designing unitary space time codes under certain conditions. Finally, we show that good beamformers are good packings of -dimensional subspaces in a -dimensional real Grassmannian manifold with chordal distance as the metric. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, October 2002 Permission to publish this abstract separately is granted.
35 GHz FMCW drone detection system

This paper presents an experimental system dedicated for the detection and tracking of small aerial targets such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in particular small drones (multirotors). The system was proposed in response to increasing drone popularity and the related threats. The hardware and software parts of the system are covered, including the analogue front-end, FPGA based pre-processing and PC based processing, detection and tracking. Real life trials are described with promising results provided. Further research on the subject is proposed.