LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in limbic and salience networks in social anxiety disorder without comorbidity

The neurobiology of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is not yet fully understood. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies in SAD have identified abnormalities in various brain areas, particularly the amygdala and elements of the salience network. This study is the first to examine resting-state functional brain connectivity in a drug-naive sample of SAD patients without psychiatric comorbidity and healthy controls, using seed regions of interest in bilateral amygdala, in bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for the salience network, and in bilateral posterior cingulate cortex for the default mode network. Twelve drug-naive SAD patients and pair-wise matched healthy controls, all drawn from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety sample, underwent resting-state fMRI. Group differences were assessed with voxel-wise gray matter density as nuisance regressor. All results were cluster corrected for multiple comparisons (Z>2.3, p<.05). Relative to control subjects, drug-naive SAD patients demonstrated increased negative right amygdala connectivity with the left middle temporal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus and left lateral occipital cortex. In the salience network patients showed increased positive bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate connectivity with the left precuneus and left lateral occipital cortex. Default mode network connectivity was not different between groups. These data demonstrate that drug-naive SAD patients without comorbidity show differences in functional connectivity of the amygdala, and of areas involved in self-awareness, some of which have not been implicated in SAD before.
Social Responsibility as a Driver for Local Sustainable Development

The increased interconnection among local and globa l players induced by globalization, as well as the need for a complete application of t he “subsidiarity principle”, calls for a re-thinkin g of the “corporate social responsibility” concept. T his new concept broadens the perspective of the single company interacting with its own stakeholder s in relation to specific social and environmental impacts, to a network of organization s, with different aims and natures, collaborating on relevant sustainability issues. In this paper, the authors will provide a definitio n f “Territorial Social Responsibility ”, sustaining the multi-stakeholder approach as a driver toward l ocal sustainable development. Firstly, theoretical approaches to sustainable deve lopment at the territorial level will be examined, identifying the most innovative ideas about governa nce, network relation and development theories. The idea of development focuses not only on the eco nomic aspects, but on the structural and institutional factors. The existence of cooperative territorial networks is essential to fulfill the creation of tangible and intangible assets at the l ocal level. At the same time, the effectiveness of the decision-making and rules’ system can stimulate and empower territorial networks to tackle sustainable development. An analytical framework, scheme-shaped, will be set in order to identify the main aspects, indicators and practices characterizing the territo rial social responsibility concept. It will represe nt a first attempt to create a feasible instrument aimed at understanding how cooperative social responsible actors, operating in the same territory , could direct the path toward sustainable development.
Fluridil, a rationally designed topical agent for androgenetic alopecia: first clinical experience.

BACKGROUND
Fluridil, a novel topical antiandrogen, suppresses the human androgen receptor. While highly hydrophobic and hydrolytically degradable, it is systemically nonresorbable. In animals, fluridil demonstrated high local and general tolerance.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a topical anti- androgen, fluridil, in male androgenetic alopecia.


METHODS
In 20 men, for 21 days, occlusive forearm patches with 2, 4, and 6% fluridil, isopropanol, and/or vaseline were applied. In 43 men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), Norwood grade II-Va, 2% fluridil was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study after 3 months clinically by phototrichograms, hematology, and blood chemistry including analysis for fluridil, and at 9 months by phototrichograms.


RESULTS
Neither fluridil nor isopropanol showed sensitization/irritation potential, unlike vaseline. In all AGA subjects, baseline anagen/telogen counts were equal. After 3 months, the average anagen percentage did not change in placebo subjects, but increased in fluridil subjects from 76% to 85%, and at 9 months to 87%. In former placebo subjects, fluridil increased the anagen percentage after 6 months from 76% to 85%. Sexual functions, libido, hematology, and blood chemistry values were normal throughout, except that at 3 months, in the spring, serum testosterone increased within the normal range equally in placebo and fluridil groups. No fluridil or its decomposition product, BP-34, was detectable in the serum at 0, 3, or 90 days.


CONCLUSION
Topical fluridil is nonirritating, nonsensitizing, nonresorbable, devoid of systemic activity, and anagen promoting after daily use in most AGA males.
Sustainability Assessment of Development Scenarios: Methodology and Application to Thailand

This paper aims to offer an applicable evaluation framework for assessing sustainable development strategies at the regional level, with a particular view on the treatment of uncertain information. After a survey of various regional sustainable development studies, several methodological issues pertaining to regional sustainability are presented and discussed, which lay the foundation for the central approach in this paper, viz. the use of critical threshold values. Based on a multidimensional indicator system, a systematic multicriteria model is proposed by employing the recently developed and user-friendly flag model. This model is able to take into consideration various relevant classes of (non) compliance with critical threshold values. By means of this model an empirical case study is undertaken for the Songkhla/Hat Yai area in southern Thailand. Three policy scenario’s (decentralization, sectoral and regional promotion and environmental protection) are systematically evaluated using a blend of the above-mentioned critical threshold value and the flag approach. It is concluded that in general the decentralization policy is slightly more preferable than the sectoral and regional development scenario and significantly more preferable than the environmental protection scenario for the region concerned. The analytical tools used (a qualitative systems approach, the use of critical threshold values and the flag model) appeared to yield a satisfactory contribution to sustainability assessment, even in case of qualitative information. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Learning to Extract International Relations from Political Context

We describe a new probabilistic model for extracting events between major political actors from news corpora. Our unsupervised model brings together familiar components in natural language processing (like parsers and topic models) with contextual political information— temporal and dyad dependence—to infer latent event classes. We quantitatively evaluate the model’s performance on political science benchmarks: recovering expert-assigned event class valences, and detecting real-world conflict. We also conduct a small case study based on our model’s inferences. A supplementary appendix, and replication software/data are available online, at: http://brenocon.com/irevents [This paper is forthcoming in Proceedings of ACL 2013; Sofia, Bulgaria.]
A Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive for HTS Maglev Transportation Systems

⎯A permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) for a high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev system has been studied, including the motor structure, control strategy, and analysis techniques. Finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is conducted to accurately calculate major motor parameters. Equivalent electrical circuit is used to predict the drive’s steady-state characteristics, and a phase variable model is applied to predict the dynamic performance. Preliminary experiment with a prototype has been made to verify the theoretical analysis and the HTS-PM synchronous driving technology. Index Terms⎯High temperature superconducting (HTS), HTS magnetic levitation, maglev transportation system, permanent magnet linear synchronous motor.
3D positional integration from image sequences

An explicit three-dimensional representation is constructed from feature-points extracted from a sequence of images taken by a moving camera. The points are tracked through the sequence, and their 3D locations accurately determined by use of Kalman Filters. The ego-motion of the camera is also solved for.
M.I.N.I. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Dr. Sheehan or Dr. Lecrubier. Researchers and clinicians working in nonprofit or publicly owned settings (including universities, nonprofit hospitals, and government institutions) may make copies of a M.I.N.I. instrument for their own clinical and research use.
Hepatic gene expression during treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin: Identifying molecular pathways for treatment response.

UNLABELLED
The reasons for hepatitis C treatment failure remain unknown but may be related to different host responses to therapy. In this study, we compared hepatic gene expression in patients prior to and during peginterferon and ribavirin therapy. In the on-treatment group, patients received either ribavirin for 72 hours prior to peginterferon alpha-2a injection or peginterferon alpha-2a for 24 hours, prior to biopsy. The patients were grouped into rapid responders (RRs) with a greater than 2-log drop and slow responders (SRs) with a less than 2-log drop in hepatitis C virus RNA by week 4. Pretreatment biopsy specimens were obtained from a matched control group. The pretreatment patients were grouped as RRs or SRs on the basis of the subsequent treatment response. Gene expression profiling was performed with Affymetrix microarray technology. Known interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were induced in treated patients. In the pretreatment group, future SRs had higher pretreatment ISG expression than RRs. On treatment, RRs and SRs had similar absolute ISG expression, but when it was corrected for the baseline expression with the pretreatment group, RRs showed a greater fold change in ISGs, whereas SRs showed a greater change in interferon (IFN)-inhibitory pathways. The patients pretreated with ribavirin had heightened induction of IFN-related genes and down-regulation of genes involved in IFN inhibition and hepatic stellate cell activation.


CONCLUSION
These data suggest that ISG inducibility is important for the treatment response and that ribavirin may improve outcomes by enhancing hepatic gene responses to peginterferon. Collectively, these mechanisms may provide a molecular basis for the improved efficacy of combination therapy.
Detection of human papillomavirus and adenovirus in benign and malignant lesions of the larynx.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and adenovirus (AdV) infections in the oncogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and of laryngeal dysplasia.


STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study with planned data collection.


SETTING
Department of Otorhinolaryngology G. Ferreri and Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology-Section of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Biopsy samples were taken from 68 patients with benign and malignant lesions of the larynx. All tissue samples were analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction with two groups of primers for HPV and with a pair of primers for AdV.


RESULTS
All cases of carcinomas and dysplasia as well as all control cases were negative for both viruses. Four of the five cases of laryngeal papillomas were positive for only HPV, confirming the role of these viral types in the origin of papillomas.


CONCLUSION
The absence of viral genomes in laryngeal carcinomas as in the other cases studied suggests the existence of other factors that play a more important role than viral infection in the carcinogenesis of these lesions.
Global Burden of Urologic Cancers, 1990-2013.

CONTEXT
Kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers increase with age and are influenced partly by modifiable risk factors. Urological cancer rates may increase substantially amid a growing, aging population.


OBJECTIVE
To describe kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and risk factor-attributable bladder and kidney cancer deaths between 1990 and 2013, by age, sex, and development status.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Cancer mortality data were derived from global vital registries. Incidence data from cancer registries were transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality incidence ratios. These sources served as input data for an ensemble modeling approach to estimate bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer mortality. Cause-specific mortality estimates were transformed into incidence estimates using mortality incidence ratios.


EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
In 2013, 2.1 million kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers cases occurred worldwide, increasing 2.5-fold since 1990. Mortality increased 1.6-fold between 1990 and 2013. Eight-two percent of new cases in 2013 occurred in individuals aged 60 yr and older. Men from developed countries had the highest age-standardized death rates among all three cancers. Smoking-attributable kidney cancer deaths decreased while obesity-related deaths rose, most prominently in women from developing countries. Smoking-related bladder cancer deaths increased among women from developed countries and decreased among men.


CONCLUSIONS
Urologic cancer burden has increased globally amid population growth and aging. High income countries face the highest incidence and death rates; however, obesity-attributed kidney cancer deaths are increasing in developing countries. Efforts to expand the global oncologic workforce and reduce preventable factors may lessen cancer disparities in developing countries.


PATIENT SUMMARY
We describe the impact of population growth, aging, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity, on kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer rates worldwide. More new cancer cases and deaths occur in developed countries compared with developing countries. In addition to preventive efforts, healthcare systems must emphasize training of a urologic oncology workforce.
Synthesis, spectral, antimicrobial and antitumor assessment of Schiff base derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and its transition metal complexes.

N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine Schiff base (L) derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, IR, mass spectra, (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectra. Its complexes with Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II) were prepared and isolated as solid products and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, spectral techniques as well as magnetic susceptibility. The IR spectra showed that the Schiff base under investigation behaves as bidentate ligand. The UV-vis spectra and magnetic moment data suggested octahedral geometry around Cu(II) and Fe(III) and tetrahedral geometry around Ni(II) and Zn(II). In view of the biological activity of the Schiff base and its complexes, it has been observed that the antimicrobial activity of the Schiff base increased on complexation with the metal ion. In vitro antitumor activity assayed against five human tumor cell lines furnished the significant toxicities of the Schiff base and its complexes.
Optimal control for unstructured nonlinear differential-algebraic equations of arbitrary index

We study optimal control problems for general unstructured nonlinear differential-algebraic equations of arbitrary index. In particular, we derive necessary conditions in the case of linear-quadratic control problems and extend them to the general nonlinear case. We also present a Pontryagin maximum principle for general unstructured nonlinear DAEs in the case of restricted controls. Moreover, we discuss the numerical solution of the resulting two-point boundary value problems and present a numerical example.
Computationally modeling human emotion

Computer models of emotion inform theories of human intelligence and advance human-centric applications.
Pharmacokinetics of amantadine in children with impaired consciousness due to acquired brain injury: preliminary findings using a sparse-sampling technique.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of amantadine in children with impaired consciousness from acquired brain injury.


DESIGN
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with sparse sampling for pharmacokinetics.


SETTING
Tertiary care pediatric hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
Children, ages 6-18 years, with impaired consciousness 5-10 weeks after acquired brain injury.


METHODS
Subjects received amantadine for 3 weeks. Subjects were randomized to placebo or amantadine 4 mg/kg/day for 7 days followed by 6 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Crossover was after a 7-day washout period.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Coma/Near-Coma Scale and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised were done 3 times per week to evaluate arousal and consciousness. Plasma concentrations of amantadine were determined for pharmacokinetic parameter estimation and evaluation of the exposure-response relationship. Adverse events were monitored.


RESULTS
Nine subjects met the final inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 of whom agreed to participate. Five subjects completed both arms of the study. Amantadine total body clearance was 0.17 L/h/kg with a half-life of 13.9 hours. Higher exposure of amantadine (average concentration of amantadine during 6 mg/kg/day > 1.5 mg/L) may be associated with better recovery of consciousness.


CONCLUSIONS
Amantadine was well-tolerated in children with acquired brain injury and demonstrates pharmacokinetics similar to those reported for healthy young adults. Based on the preliminary data, higher dosing may be considered in the setting of brain injury.
An empirical study of how third-party websites influence the feedback mechanism between online Word-of-Mouth and retail sales

Available online xxxx
THE VELOCITY CONTROL OF THE ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEM

Abstract In general two basic methods are used for controlling the velocity of a hydraulic cylinder. First by an axial variable-displacement pump for controls flow to the cylinder. This configuration is commonly known as a hydrostatic transmission. Second by proportional valve powered by a constant-pressure source, such as a pressure compensated pump, drives the hydraulic cylinder. In this study, the electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) for velocity control of hydraulic cylinder is investigated experimentally and its analysis theoretically. Where the controlled hydraulic cylinder is altered by a swashplate axial piston pump or by proportional valve to achieve velocity control. The theoretical part includes the derivation of the mathematical model equations of combination system. Velocity control system for hydraulic cylinder using simple (PID) controller to get constant velocity range of hydraulic cylinder under applied external variable loads . An experimental set-up is constructed, which consists of the hydraulic test pump unit, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve unit, the hydraulic actuator unit , the external load control unit and interfacing electronic unit. The experimental results show that PID controller can be achieve good velocity control by variable displacement axial piston pump and also by proportional valve under external loads variations.
Evaluation of Building Information Modeling ( BIM ) Estimating Methods in Construction Education

Estimating in construction education has remained relatively unchanged despite continual technological advances. Currently, students conduct time consuming quantifications and take-offs from construction documents. This traditional estimating process is disconnected from the physical building leading to greater differences between estimated and actual construction costs. To remedy this condition, significant technological advances in building information modeling have occurred and now allow professionals to link components of three-dimensional computer models to costs databases eliminating human error and reducing time. Accepting that estimates are projections for future construction costs and thus profits, this comparison study seeks to understand how the visual processes of BIM estimating improves our ability to accurately assess building construction costs beyond mere speculation. Overall, this comparison study examines the ability of BIM estimating procedures for integration within construction education and its ability to improve student’s understanding of the estimating process.
Analysis of Landing Gear Behaviour for Trainer Aircraft

In the field of aircraft landing analysis, the use of a multibody code such as ADAMS has enormous potential: it allows the designer to create as complex a model as desired, with the possibility of integrating subsystems and of accounting, for example, for aerodynamics and structural flexibility. In this paper, an approach to the application of ADAMS in the analysis of landing gear behaviour and ground manoeuvring characteristics of a trainer aircraft is presented. The models developed are to be used during the design phase for the evaluation of the loads transferred to the fuselage. The first step taken towards the implementation of the aircraft model was that of separately recreating the behaviour of the auxiliary and main landing gear during drop-testing. In this phase, a rigid-body model was examined, along with built-in ADAMS tire models and external, userwritten tire models. System components such as shock absorbers, for example, were modelled using the know-how previously acquired with a dedicated code. After having validated the ADAMS model using the results obtained in a parallel study conducted with the dedicated code, the auxiliary and main landing gear were assembled and a complete aircraft rigid-body model was built. The model was then used to simulate the behaviour of the landing system during ground manoeuvring, using linear aerodynamics. The model is planned to evolve, integrating flight mechanics for the approach and touch-down phase, and modelling the hydraulic subsystem.
Cell biology: Detached membrane bending

& 10 0 YE A RS A G O 50 YEARS AGO A Congress was held in Singapore during December 2–9 to celebrate “the Centenary of the formulation of the theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace and the Bicentenary of the publication of the tenth edition of the ‘Systema Naturae’ by Linnaeus”. It was particularly fitting that this Congress should have been held in Singapore for ... it directed special attention to the work of Wallace, who was one of the greatest biologists ever to have worked in south-east Asia ... Prof. Haldane then delivered his presidential address ... The president emphasised the stimuli gained by Linnaeus, Darwin and Wallace through working in peripheral areas where lack of knowledge was a challenge. He suggested that the next major biological advance may well come for similar reasons from peripheral places such as Singapore, or Calcutta, where this challenge still remains and where the lack of complex scientific apparatus drives biologists into different and long-neglected fields of research. From Nature 14 March 1959.