LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A threefold dose intensity treatment with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for patients with small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
The dose intensity of chemotherapy can be increased to the highest possible level by early administration of multiple and sequential high-dose cycles supported by transfusion with peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs). A randomized trial was performed to test the impact of such dose intensification on the long-term survival of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).


METHODS
Patients who had limited or extensive SCLC with no more than two metastatic sites were randomly assigned to high-dose (High, n = 69) or standard-dose (Std, n = 71) chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE). High-ICE cycles were supported by transfusion with PBPCs that were collected after two cycles of treatment with epidoxorubicin at 150 mg/m(2), paclitaxel at 175 mg/m(2), and filgrastim. The primary outcome was 3-year survival. Comparisons between response rates and toxic effects within subgroups (limited or extensive disease, liver metastases or no liver metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, normal or abnormal lactate dehydrogenase levels) were also performed.


RESULTS
Median relative dose intensity in the High-ICE arm was 293% (range = 174%-392%) of that in the Std-ICE arm. The 3-year survival rates were 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10% to 29%) and 19% (95% CI = 11% to 30%) in the High-ICE and Std-ICE arms, respectively. No differences were observed between the High-ICE and Std-ICE arms in overall response (n = 54 [78%, 95% CI = 67% to 87%] and n = 48 [68%, 95% CI = 55% to 78%], respectively) or complete response (n = 27 [39%, 95% CI = 28% to 52%] and n = 24 [34%, 95% CI = 23% to 46%], respectively). Subgroup analyses showed no benefit for any outcome from High-ICE treatment. Hematologic toxicity was substantial in the Std-ICE arm (grade > or = 3 neutropenia, n = 49 [70%]; anemia, n = 17 [25%]; thrombopenia, n = 17 [25%]), and three patients (4%) died from toxicity. High-ICE treatment was predictably associated with severe myelosuppression, and five patients (8%) died from toxicity.


CONCLUSIONS
The long-term outcome of SCLC was not improved by raising the dose intensity of ICE chemotherapy by threefold.
Complementary therapists' training and cancer care: a multi-site study.

PURPOSE
To explore professional experience and training of complementary therapists working within cancer care.


METHOD
A Questionnaire survey of complementary therapists practising in three cancer care settings in North West England.


RESULTS
Respondents (n=51; n=47 female; mean age 50 years, range 23-78 years) had varied career backgrounds; 24 were healthcare professionals who also practised as complementary therapists (nurse n=19; physiotherapist n=3; doctor n=2) whilst 27 were complementary therapists with no prior healthcare background. Twenty-eight respondents reported working as therapists within a supportive and palliative care setting for over 6 years. Forty-seven respondents had undertaken healthcare-related continuing professional development in complementary therapies, although only just over half of the sample (n=27) had received cancer-specific training. Cancer-related complementary therapy training related to the adaptation of therapies and comprised predominantly short courses. There was a lack of standardisation in the training received, nor was it clear how many courses were accredited.


CONCLUSION
Findings highlight the need for standardisation of training for complementary therapy provision in cancer care and statutory review of continuing professional development within this emerging field.
Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: the role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities.

BACKGROUND
Previous research has demonstrated genetic and environmental influences on abuse of individual substances, but there is less known about how these factors may influence the co-occurrence of abuse of different illicit drugs.


METHODS
We studied 3372 male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. They were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised to investigate the extent to which the abuse of different categories of drugs occurs together within an individual, as well as the possibility that genetic and environmental factors are responsible for observed co-occurrence. Co-occurrence was quantified using odds ratios and conditional probabilities. Multivariate biometrical modeling analyses were used to assess genetic and environmental influences on co-occurrence.


RESULTS
Abusing any category of drug was associated with a marked increase in the probability of abusing every other category of drugs. We found evidence for a shared or common vulnerability factor that underlies the abuse of marijuana, sedatives, stimulants, heroin or opiates, and psychedelics. This shared vulnerability is influenced by genetic, family environmental, and nonfamily environmental factors, but not every drug is influenced to the same extent by the shared vulnerability factor. Marijuana, more than other drugs, was influenced by family environmental factors. Each category of drug, except psychedelics, had genetic influences unique to itself (ie, not shared with other drug categories). Heroin had larger genetic influences unique to itself than did any other drug.


CONCLUSION
There are genetically and environmentally determined characteristics that comprise a shared or common vulnerability to abuse a range of illicit drugs.
Mining a Multilingual Geographical Gazetteer from the Web

Geographical gazetteers are necessary in a wide variety of applications. In the past, the construction of such gazetteers has been a tedious, manual process and only recently have the first attempts to automate the gazetteers creation been made. Here we describe our approach for mining accurate but large-scale multilingual geographic information by successively filtering information found in heterogeneous data sources (Flickr, Wikipedia, Panoramio, Web pages indexed by search engines). Statistically cross-checking information found in each site, we are able to identify new geographic objects, and to indicate, for each one, its name, its GPS coordinates, its encompassing regions (city, region, country), the language of the name, its popularity, and the type of the object (church, bridge, etc.). We evaluate our approach by comparing, wherever possible, our multilingual gazetteer to other known attempts at automatically building a geographic database and to Geonames, a manually built gazetteer.
The influence of physical activity on mental well-being Dr

Objective: The case for exercise and health has primarily been made on its impact on diseases such coronary heart disease, obesity and diabetes. However, there is a very high cost attributed to mental disorders and illness and in the last 15 years there has been increasing research into the role of exercise a) in the treatment of mental health, and b) in improving mental well-being in the general population. There are now several hundred studies and over 30 narrative or meta-analytic reviews of research in this field. These have summarised the potential for exercise as a therapy for clinical or subclinical depression or anxiety, and the use of physical activity as a means of upgrading life quality through enhanced self-esteem, improved mood states, reduced state and trait anxiety, resilience to stress, or improved sleep. The purpose of this paper is to a) provide an updated view of this literature within the context of public health promotion and b) investigate evidence for physical activity and dietary interactions affecting mental well-being. Design: Narrative review and summary. Conclusions: Sufficient evidence now exists for the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of clinical depression. Additionally, exercise has a moderate reducing effect on state and trait anxiety and can improve physical self-perceptions and in some cases global self-esteem. Also there is now good evidence that aerobic and resistance exercise enhances mood states, and weaker evidence that exercise can improve cognitive function (primarily assessed by reaction time) in older adults. Conversely, there is little evidence to suggest that exercise addiction is identifiable in no more than a very small percentage of exercisers. Together, this body of research suggests that moderate regular exercise should be considered as a viable means of treating depression and anxiety and improving mental well-being in the general public.
Women's autonomy and scheduled cesarean sections in Brazil: a cautionary tale.

BACKGROUND
In Brazil, one-fourth of all women deliver in the private sector, where the rate of cesarean deliveries is extremely high (70%). Most (64%) private sector cesareans are scheduled, although many women would have preferred a vaginal delivery. The question this study addresses is whether childbearing women were induced to accept the procedure by their physicians, and if so, how?


METHODS
Three face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with 1,612 women (519 private sector and 1,093 public sector) early in pregnancy, approximately 1 month before their due date, and approximately 1 month postpartum. For all private sector patients having a scheduled cesarean section, women's self-reported reasons given for programming surgical delivery were classified into three groups according to obstetrical justification.


RESULTS
After loss to follow-up (19.2% of private sector and 34.4% of public sector), our final sample included 1,136 women (419 private sector and 717 public sector). Compared with public sector participants in the final sample, on average, private sector participants were older by 3.4 years (28.7 vs 25.3 yr), had 0.4 fewer previous deliveries (0.6 vs 1.0), and had 3.4 more years of education (11.0 vs 7.6 yr). The final samples also differed slightly with respect to preference for vaginal delivery: 72.3 percent among those in the private sector and 79.6 percent in public sector. The cesarean section rate was 72 percent in the private sector and 31 percent in the public sector. Of the women with reports about the timing of the cesarean decision, 64.4 percent had a scheduled cesarean delivery in the private sector compared with 23.7 percent in the public sector. Many cesarean sections were scheduled for an "unjustified" medical reason, especially among women who, during pregnancy, had declared a preference for a vaginal delivery. Among 96 women in this latter group, the reason reported for the procedure was unjustified in 33 cases. On the other hand, more cesarean deliveries were scheduled for "no medical justification," including physician's or the woman's convenience, among women who preferred to deliver by cesarean (35/65). The incidence of real medical reasons for a scheduled cesarean section diagnosed before the onset of labor among private sector patients who had no previous cesarean birth and who wanted a vaginal delivery was 13 percent (31/243).


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that doctors frequently persuaded their patients to accept a scheduled cesarean section for conditions that either did not exist or did not justify this procedure. The problem identified in this paper may extend well beyond Brazil and should be of concern to those with responsibility for ethical behavior in obstetrics.
Analysis Contemporary Architecture under Habitat Environmental Science

Based on the scientific understanding of human settlement,to analysis the impact of urbanization from the view of urban development.From Ecological City Theory and the view of Energy efficient design,to analysis Habitat Environmental Science to Contemporary Architecture.Combining the current situation,to analysis the problems in China's construction industry and propose relevant measures and a little prospect.
Bulls, bears and market sheep

Much has been written about the efficiency of markets in general and of the market for equities in particular, and of its implications for the more-orless random-like behavior of stock prices. The conventional argument is that opportunistic trading by rational investors will arbitrage away any gains that can be made from predictable patterns; what is left are the perturbations in asset values caused by more-or-less random news. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the role of psychological forces in the erratic market movements and especially in the precipitous drops in equity prices that occasionally follow prolonged advances such as occurred in the crash of 1929 or more recently in the Black Monday of October 1987. For example, Shiller (1987) argued that ‘the crash was related to the internal dynamics of investor thinking’. Beja and Goldman (1980, p. 235), remarking on an abundance of speculative activity, conclude that ‘almost surely such behavior has an effect on the dynamics of stock prices’. Smith et al. (1988) observed the emergence of psychologically generated bubbles in experimental, laboratory spot markets. To put the issue in more general terms, is it possible that observable features of stock market prices, such as their unpredictable, fluctuating nature and their tendency to generate alternating periods of generally rising or generally falling prices, so-called ‘bull’ and ‘bear’ markets that seem suddenly to switch from one to the other at irregular intervals, are derivable
Addressing the Health Impacts of Cannabis Through Interprofessional Education—Institutional and Curricular Considerations

The global wave of cannabis legalization presents a challenge to health professions and health profession educational institutions. While the state of science around cannabis and its use is poor at baseline, changes in the legal and regulatory environment are resulting in rapid changes in the drug, its delivery, and the clinical consequences of its use. Effective institutional responses to this rapidly evolving reality will need to be swift and interprofessional. This article discusses the critical institutional and curricular considerations that academic medical centers and other institutions that teach and train health professions will need to address as they plan their response to cannabis.
Time to pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the outcome of a pregnancy is related to the time required to achieve that pregnancy (TTP).


DESIGN
The distribution of the TTP for pregnancies ending in multiple birth, early (before week 12) and late (weeks 12-28) miscarriage, stillbirth, and extrauterine pregnancy was compared to that of pregnancies ending in singleton birth. Furthermore, the distribution of the TTP for preterm singleton births was compared to that of full-term singleton births.


SETTING
Sweden.


PATIENT(S)
Information from three previous studies on reproduction was used: Women chosen for exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants, or exposure as a hairdresser, and their respective controls.


INTERVENTION(S)
None.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Self-reported pregnancy outcome.


RESULT(S)
An increased TTP (i.e., decreased fecundability) was associated with pregnancies ending in miscarriage (early as well as late) and extrauterine pregnancies. Pregnancies ending in multiple live birth tended to have shorter TTPs than those ending in single live birth. No association between TTP and stillbirths was found. Among women whose pregnancies ended in singleton birth, a prolonged TTP was associated with preterm delivery.


CONCLUSION(S)
The TTP of a pregnancy seemed to be associated with the outcome of that pregnancy. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are, however, unclear.
Isolated Mode Antenna Technology for 4 G

The challenges of 4G are multifaceted. First, 4G requires multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and mobile devices supporting MIMO typically have multiple antennas. To obtain the benefits of MIMO communications systems, antennas typically must be properly configured to take advantage of the independent signal paths that can exist in the communications channel environment. [1] With proper design, one antenna’s radiation is prevented from traveling into the neighboring antenna and being absorbed by the opposite load circuitry. Typically, a combination of antenna separation and polarization is used to achieve the required signal isolation and independence. However, when the area inside devices such as smartphones, USB modems, and tablets is extremely limited, this approach often is not effective in meeting industrial design and performance criteria. Second, new LTE networks are expected to operate alongside all the existing services, such as 3G voice/data, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. Third, this problem gets even harder in the 700 MHz LTE band because the typical handset is not large enough to properly resonate at that frequency.
The substance use profile of Canadian youth: exploring the prevalence of alcohol, drug and tobacco use by gender and grade.

The current study examined the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and drug use and comorbid use of these substances among 45,425 students in grades 7 to 12 as part of the 2008-09 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey. The results of this paper suggest that alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and illicit drugs are currently used by a substantial number of youth in Canada, and that comorbid use is also very widespread among users. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance used by youth and it was rare to find youth who had used tobacco or drugs without also currently using alcohol. By grade 12, the majority of students were current users of alcohol, tobacco or drugs. Future research should consider developing a better understanding of how to prevent substance use among this population.
Prevention and treatment of infant and childhood vitamin D deficiency in Australia and New Zealand: a consensus statement.

Vitamin D deficiency has re-emerged as a significant paediatric health issue, with complications including hypocalcaemic seizures, rickets, limb pain and fracture. A major risk factor for infants is maternal vitamin D deficiency. For older infants and children, risk factors include dark skin colour, cultural practices, prolonged breastfeeding, restricted sun exposure and certain medical conditions. To prevent vitamin D deficiency in infants, pregnant women, especially those who are dark-skinned or veiled, should be screened and treated for vitamin D deficiency, and breastfed infants of dark-skinned or veiled women should be supplemented with vitamin D for the first 12 months of life. Regular sunlight exposure can prevent vitamin D deficiency, but the safe exposure time for children is unknown. To prevent vitamin D deficiency, at-risk children should receive 400 IU vitamin D daily; if compliance is poor, an annual dose of 150,000 IU may be considered. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency involves giving ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol for 3 months (1000 IU/day if < 1 month of age; 3000 IU/day if 1-12 months of age; 5000 IU/day if > 12 months of age). High-dose bolus therapy (300,000-500,000 IU) should be considered for children over 12 months of age if compliance or absorption issues are suspected.
Variability in abundance of algae and invertebrates at different spatial scales on rocky sea shores

Analyses of spatial pattern in populations and assemblages along distinct environmental gradients are common in ecology. Few studies have examined whether these patterns are consistent at a hierarchy of spatial scales, despite increasing evidence indicating that spatial variability is not scale independent. In this study I have investigated the general model that much of the variation on rocky sea shores occurs across the vertical gradient, unless major physical attributes of the habitat change. This model was contrasted with 2 alternative models that incorporate patchiness at different scales: either vertical variation is larger than horizontal variability at small but not at large scales of horizontal spatial variability or there is no characteristic scale at which vertical variation is larger than horizontal variability. In order to distinguish among these alternatives, I compared variability in abundance of organisms across heights on the shore on rocky coasts in the north-west Mediterranean, with estimates of horizontal variability obtained at different scales, ranging from the scale of the patch (among quadrats 10s of cm apart) up to the regional scale (among shores 100s of km apart). Results indicated that vertical and horizontal variability were comparable in magnitude at the smallest spatial scale, while horizontal variability was generally larger when measured at scales of 100s to 1000s of m. When multivariate patterns in the structure of assemblages were examined, there was more vertical than along-shore variation at small (10s to 100s of cm) but not at large (>1000s of m) spatial scales. Univariate and multivariate analyses also revealed that much of the horizontal variation was among quadrats 10s of cm apart. These results indicated that any description of spatial pattern in abundance for organisms living on rocky sea shores in the NW Mediterranean must contemplate both vertical and horizontal sources of variation, regardless of the scale investigated. It is concluded that failure to recognise the importance of sources of variation other that those expressed by the most obvious gradients detracts from potentially important causal processes hindering progress in ecological understanding.
Survival in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


BACKGROUND
Controversy remains regarding the benefit of early PCI in patients with MI complicated by OHCA.


METHODS
We analyzed the outcomes of 88 consecutive patients presenting with MI complicated by OHCA compared to 5101 patients with MI without OHCA who underwent PCI from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry between 2004 and 2009.


RESULTS
Patients with OHCA had a higher proportion of ST-elevation MI presentations (90.9% vs. 50%, p<0.01) and were more likely to be to be in cardiogenic shock (38.6% vs. 4.6%, p<0.01). Procedural success was similar in the two groups (95.5% OHCA vs. 96.5% non-OHCA MI cohort, p=0.65). In-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year survival in the OHCA cohort versus the non-OHCA MI cohort were 62.5% vs. 97.2% (p<0.01), 61.4% vs. 96.5% (p<0.01), and 60.2% vs. 94.2% (p<0.01), respectively. Within the OHCA cohort, presentation with cardiogenic shock (OR 7.2, 95% CI: 2.7-18.8; p<0.01) was strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Importantly, 1-year survival of patients discharged alive from hospital was similar between the two groups (96% vs. 97% p=0.8).


CONCLUSION
Patients with MI complicated by OHCA remain a high-risk group associated with high mortality. However, high procedural success rates similar to non-OHCA patients can be attained. Survival rates better than previously reported were observed with an emergent PCI approach, with 1-year survival comparable to a non-OHCA cohort if patients survive to hospital discharge.
Anti-computer forensics

Generally speaking, anti-computer forensics is a set of techniques used as countermeasures to digital forensic analysis. When put into information and data perspective, it is a practice of making it hard to understand or find. Typical example being when programming code is often encoded to protect intellectual property and prevent an attacker from reverse engineering a proprietary software program.