LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mogrosides extract from Siraitia grosvenori scavenges free radicals in vitro and lowers oxidative stress, serum glucose, and lipid levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

This study evaluated the supplementation of a mogrosides extract (MG) from fruits of Siraitia grosvenori on reducing oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The oxygen free radical scavenging activity of MG was also assessed in vitro. After induction of diabetes, a significant increase in the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as a reduction in the level of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with diminution of the corresponding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase, were observed in all diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with MG (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg ) for 4 weeks significantly decreased serum glucose, TC, TG, and hepatic MDA levels (P < .05), whereas it increased serum HDL-C level and reactivated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes (P < .05) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P < .05). The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidative activities of MG (100 mg/kg treatment) were all higher compared with all other diabetic groups and were similar to that observed for XiaoKeWan-pill (894 mg/kg; Guangzhou Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), a Chinese traditional antidiabetic drug. Antioxidant capacity evaluated in vitro showed that MG and mogroside V, which was the main component of MG, possessed strong oxygen free radical scavenging activities. These results demonstrate that the extract may have capacity to inhibiting hyperglycemia induced by diabetes, and the data suggest that administration of the extract may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. We conclude that the extract should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience

BACKGROUND
The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall well-being. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals are directly related to reproductive and sexual health while mental disorders make up three of the ten leading causes of disease burden in low and middle-income countries. Among mental disorders, depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent. In the context of slower progress in achieving Millennium Development Goals in developing countries and the ever-increasing man-made and natural disasters in these areas, it is important to understand the association between reproductive health and mental health among women with post-disaster experiences.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 387 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) randomly selected from the October 2005 earthquake affected areas of Pakistan. Data on reproductive health was collected using the Centers for Disease Control reproductive health assessment toolkit. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, while earthquake experiences were captured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. The association of either depression or anxiety with socio-demographic variables, earthquake experiences, reproductive health and access to health facilities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression.


RESULTS
Post-earthquake reproductive health events together with economic deprivation, lower family support and poorer access to health care facilities explained a significant proportion of differences in the experiencing of clinical levels of depression and anxiety. For instance, women losing resources for subsistence, separation from family and experiencing reproductive health events such as having a stillbirth, having had an abortion, having had abnormal vaginal discharge or having had genital ulcers, were at significant risk of depression and anxiety.


CONCLUSION
The relationship between women's post-earthquake mental health and reproductive health, socio-economic status, and health care access is complex and explained largely by the socio-cultural role of women. It is suggested that interventions that consider gender differences and that are culturally appropriate are likely to reduce the incidence.
Determinants of Treatment Access in a Population-based Cohort of HIV-positive Men and Women Living in Argentina

OBJECTIVE
To report emerging data on the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Argentina by assessing patterns of HAART access and late vs early treatment initiation in a population-based cohort of adults infected with HIV type-1.


DESIGN
The Prospective Study on the Use and Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy (PUMA) is a study of 883 HIV-positive individuals enrolled in the Argentinean drug treatment program. Individuals were 16 years of age and older and were recruited from 10 clinics across Argentina.


METHODS
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined using contingency tables (Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test) for categoric variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. To analyze time to initiation of HAART we used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression.


RESULTS
Patients who initiated HAART were more likely to be older, have an AIDS-defining illness, be an injection drug user (IDU), have a lower median CD4 cell count, have a higher median viral load, and be less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). In multivariate analysis, AIDS-defining illness and plasma viral load were significantly associated with time to starting therapy. Patients who received late access were more likely to be diagnosed with AIDS and have higher median plasma viral loads than those receiving early access.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that despite free availability of treatment, monitoring, and care in Argentina, a significant proportion of men and women are accessing HAART late in the course of HIV disease. Further characterization of the HIV-positive population will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of the impact of HAART within the Argentinean drug treatment program.
Prediction of incomplete primary debulking surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: An external validation study of three models using computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE
To test the ability of three prospectively developed computed tomography (CT) models to predict incomplete primary debulking surgery in patients with advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III-IV) ovarian cancer.


METHODS
Three prediction models to predict incomplete surgery (any tumor residual >1cm in diameter) previously published by Ferrandina (models A and B) and by Gerestein were applied to a validation cohort consisting of 151 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients were treated with primary debulking surgery in the Eastern part of the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009 and data were retrospectively collected. Three individual readers evaluated the radiographic parameters and gave a subjective assessment. Using the predicted probabilities from the models, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated which represents the discriminative ability of the model.


RESULTS
The AUC of the Ferrandina models was 0.56, 0.59 and 0.59 in model A, and 0.55, 0.60 and 0.59 in model B for readers 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The AUC of Gerestein's model was 0.69, 0.61 and 0.69 for readers 1, 2 and 3, respectively. AUC values of 0.69 and 0.63 for reader 1 and 3 were found for subjective assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
Models to predict incomplete surgery in advanced ovarian cancer have limited predictive ability and their reproducibility is questionable. Subjective assessment seems as successful as applying predictive models. Present prediction models are not reliable enough to be used in clinical decision-making and should be interpreted with caution.
Randomized trial comparing pulse calcitriol and alfacalcidol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients.

AIM
Calcitriol and alfacalcidol are used extensively for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Unfortunately, there is limited published data comparing the efficacy and tolerability of both active vitamin D sterols. This study was undertaken to determine whether calcitriol provides a therapeutic advantage to alfacalcidol.


METHODS
This was a randomized, active controlled study. Patients with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) >32 pmol/L were randomized to receive orally calcitriol or alfacalcidol after each haemodialysis for up to 24 weeks. Reduction of PTH, changes of plasma albumin-corrected calcium and phosphorus were analysed. The initial dose of alfacalcidol was twice that of calcitriol.


RESULTS
Sixteen patients were randomized into each group. At baseline, plasma albumin-corrected calcium, phosphorus and PTH were no different between groups. At 24 weeks, PTH changes were -50.8 ± 31.8% and -49.4 ± 32.5% from the baseline in the calcitriol and alfacalcidol groups, respectively (P = 0.91). The patients who achieved target PTH of 16-32 pmol/L were 82% in the calcitriol and 67% in the alfacalcidol group (P = 0.44). Plasma albumin-corrected calcium and phosphorus were not significantly different but showed trends toward gradually increasing from baseline in both groups (calcium, 6.0 ± 7.2% vs 10.9 ± 6.5% (P = 0.10); phosphorus, 13.0 ± 29.4% vs 16.7 ± 57.2% (P = 0.83) in calcitriol and alfacalcidol, respectively). The mean dose of calcitriol and alfacalcidol were 4.1 and 6.9 µg/week, respectively (P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSION
Alfacalcidol can be used to control secondary hyperparathyroidism at doses of 1.5-2.0 times that of calcitriol. The two drugs are equally efficacious and lead to similar changes in calcium and phosphorus.
Time series clustering and classification by the autoregressive metric

The statistical properties of the autoregressive (AR) distance between ARIMA processes are investigated. In particular, the asymptotic distribution of the squared AR distance and an approximation which is computationally efficient are derived. Moreover, the problem of time series clustering and classification is discussed and the performance of the AR distance is illustrated by means of some empirical applications. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mild traumatic brain injury: a neuropsychiatric approach to diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common occurrence in the United States, with an estimated incidence exceeding 1 million injuries per year. Cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical impairments are common sequelae of TBI and may, in a significant minority of patients, persist well into the late period following injury. The etiology of these symptoms in individuals with mild TBI is controversial, with hypotheses of postconcussive symptom formation variously ascribing greater or lesser weight to neural damage, pre- and/or post-injury psychological or psychiatric factors, somatization, malingering, or some combination of these. Some of these hypotheses reflect biases common to medicolegal or compensation-related contexts, whereas others are derived from recent neuroimaging and electrophysiology studies. Studies of the latter sort suggest that many of the typical postconcussive symptoms are associated with neurobiological dysfunction in one or more areas of the central nervous system. Whether these symptoms constitute a postconcussive syndrome per se is debatable. Instead, it may be more accurate to describe them as commonly co-occurring symptoms rather than as a syndromal sequela of TBI. The present review addresses these issues including the epidemiology and course of recovery from mild TBI and the validity of the postconcussive syndrome. Suggestions regarding the assessment and treatment of individuals with post-concussive symptoms are offered.
MODELING OF SPEECH SYNTHESIS USING INTELLIGENT SYSTEM BASED ON PROLOG

In this work, we present our Expert System for the automatic reading of a text written in Standard Arabic based on logic programming. To accomplish this, we have gone through three stages: Firstly, the creation of a knowledge base that contains different rules which determine the pronunciation of Arabic words and a set of the exceptions words; Secondly, the creation of a sound database that contains specific sounds (phonemes, diphones) to that language, spoken by a female speaker; Finally, the implementation of the system itself that will ensure the transformation of the written text into a spoken text. This transformation is performed by two manners; linguistic processing for converting graphemes phonemes "produce a phonetic text of the written text" and another acoustic treatment for the generation of the sound signal "play a sound corresponding to the resulting phonetic chain of the transcription step». This last step is achieved using a logic programming language which is less used nowadays, but represents in our opinion the cornerstone of logic programming languages, especially for natural language processing; Prolog.
SEAGENT: a platform for developing semantic web based multi agent systems

In this paper, a new agent development platform, which includes built-in features for semantic web based multi agent system development, is introduced. All agents and services in the platform use semantic web standards to represent their internal knowledge and semantic web query languages are used to query them. Semantic web services can be discovered and dynamically invoked. The directory service is implemented in a way to support semantic matching of agent capabilities. The ontology service allows ontology translation based on defined mappings between platform ontologies and external ontologies. With these features already integrated, the agent development platform that is developed simplifies the semantic web based multi-agent system development.
Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas: factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes.

OBJECT
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is a common treatment for recurrent or residual pituitary adenomas. This study evaluates a large cohort of patients with a pituitary adenoma to characterize factors related to endocrine remission, control of tumor growth, and development of pituitary deficiency.


METHODS
A total of 418 patients who underwent GKS with a minimum follow-up of 6 months (median 31 months) and for whom there was complete follow-up were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate for significant factors (p < 0.05) related to treatment outcomes.


RESULTS
In patients with a secretory pituitary adenoma, the median time to endocrine remission was 48.9 months. The tumor margin radiation dose was inversely correlated with time to endocrine remission. Smaller adenoma volume correlated with improved endocrine remission in those with secretory adenomas. Cessation of pituitary suppressive medications at the time of GKS had a trend toward statistical significance in regard to influencing endocrine remission. In 90.3% of patients there was tumor control. A higher margin radiation dose significantly affected control of adenoma growth. New onset of a pituitary hormone deficiency following GKS was seen in 24.4% of patients. Treatment with pituitary hormone suppressive medication at the time of GKS, a prior craniotomy, and larger adenoma volume at the time of radiosurgery were significantly related to loss of pituitary function.


CONCLUSIONS
Smaller adenoma volume improves the probability of endocrine remission and lowers the risk of new pituitary hormone deficiency with GKS. A higher margin dose offers a greater chance of endocrine remission and control of tumor growth.
The distinctive movement disorder of ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis.

The movement disorder observed in four cases of ovarian teratoma associated encephalitis is described. The illness began with neuropsychiatric symptoms and was followed by prolonged unresponsiveness, respiratory failure, and autonomic instability. The movement disorder consisted of semirhythmic repetitive bulbar and limb movements and persisted during prolonged periods of unresponsiveness, diminishing as awareness returned. The characteristics of the movement disorder differed from recognized dyskinesias. It is suggested that interruption of forebrain corticostriatal inputs by anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies removes tonic inhibition of brainstem pattern generators releasing primitive patterns of bulbar and limb movement. Recognition of the distinctive movements should prompt a search for an ovarian teratoma since the condition is responsive to tumor resection and immunomodulation.
Fabrication and multifunctional properties of a hybrid laminate with aligned carbon nanotubes grown In Situ

A hybrid composite architecture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), advanced fibers and a matrix is described, from CNT synthesis and characterization through to standard mechanical and electrical laminate tests. Direct growth of aligned CNTs on the surface of advanced fibers in a woven fabric enables enhancement in multifunctional laminate performance, as demonstrated by a 69% increase in interlaminar shear strength and 10 (in-plane) and 10 (through-thickness) increases in laminate-level electrical conductivity. Processes developed include dip-coating of CNT growth catalyst and atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition of dense aligned CNTs. A capillarity-driven mechanism is presented to explain the observed effective and uniform wetting of the aligned CNTs in the interior of the laminate by unmodified thermoset polymer resins. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Into the black box: the knowledge transformation cycle

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Why patterns are not enough : some suggestions concerning an organising principle for patterns of UI design

• Taxonomise It must allow users to locate or select material from a large corpus; to find the pattern(s) they need. • Proximate It must allow users to locate supporting, perhaps inter-related, patterns applicable to their solution – both “broader” and “narrower”. (This use mirrors known designer behaviour, to jump between levels and layers of the problem, undertaking “opportunistic forays into design detail”) • Evaluative It would be desirable if an organising principle allowed users to consider the problem from different viewpoints – so that they could evaluate and change their approach, or, equally, confirm the quality of their existing solution • Generative It should allow users to build new solutions, not previously considered.
Development and evaluation of an implementation strategy for the German guideline on community-acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND
Data of the German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia showed a gap between the recommendations of the national guideline for management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the routine care. We developed and evaluated an implementation strategy to improve the quality of care of patients with CAP.


METHOD
A prospective, randomised, controlled trail was conducted within CAPNETZ. In four local clinical centres (LCC), the guideline was implemented by different strategies. The other four LCC served as control group. Indicators for guideline adherence comprised initial site of treatment, initial antibiotic treatment and duration of antibiotic treatment. As patient-related factors, we assessed the effect of guideline implementation on 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay.


RESULTS
Active guideline implementation yielded an increased proportion of guideline adherence to the length of antibiotic treatment in outpatients (+9.2%), the recommended antibiotic treatment (+5.6%) and duration of antibiotic treatment in inpatients (+5.0%) compared with baseline. In contrast, the proportion of patients in the control group, treated according to the guideline, decreased in the same period by 7.9%, 2.9% and 4.7%, respectively. None of these results was statistically significant. Decrease of CAP-related mortality was higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (2.9% vs 0.5%, ns).


CONCLUSION
This study showed improvements in the process of care after implementation of a guideline for treating CAP. Further strategies, such as quality improvement cycles and medical practice audits, may enhance this effect.
Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization based enhancement for real time video system

Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is used for improve the visibility level of foggy image or video. In this paper we used CLAHE enhancement method for improving the video quality in real time system. Adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) is different from normal histogram equalization because AHE use several methods each corresponding to different parts of image and used them to redistribute the lightness value of the image and in case of CLAHE `Distribution' parameter are used to define the shape of histogram which produce the better quality result compare then adaptive histogram equalization (AHE). In this algorithm rayleigh distribution parameter are used which create bell shaped histogram. The drawback of AHE is work over homogeneous fog but CLAHE applied over both homogeneous and heterogeneous fog and single image and video system. And the second drawback of AHE is used `cumulation function' which applied over only gray level image but CLAHE used both images colored and graylevel.
A prospective, randomized evaluation of a novel everolimus-eluting coronary stent: the PLATINUM (a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial to Assess an Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System [PROMUS Element] for the Treatment of Up to Two de Novo Coronary Artery Lesions) trial.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes with a novel platinum chromium everolimus-eluting stent (PtCr-EES) compared with a predicate cobalt chromium everolimus-eluting stent (CoCr-EES) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


BACKGROUND
Randomized trials have demonstrated an excellent safety and efficacy profile for the CoCr-EES. The PtCr-EES uses the identical antiproliferative agent and polymer but with a novel platinum chromium scaffold designed for enhanced deliverability, vessel conformability, side-branch access, radiopacity, radial strength, and fracture resistance.


METHODS
A total of 1,530 patients undergoing PCI of 1 or 2 de novo native lesions were randomized at 132 worldwide sites to CoCr-EES (n = 762) or PtCr-EES (n = 768). The primary endpoint was the 12-month rate of target lesion failure (TLF), the composite of target vessel-related cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) in the per-protocol population (patients who received ≥1 assigned study stent), powered for noninferiority.


RESULTS
The 12-month rate of TLF in the per-protocol population occurred in 2.9% versus 3.4% of patients assigned to CoCr-EES versus PtCr-EES, respectively (difference: 0.5%, 95% confidence interval: -1.3% to 2.3%, p(noninferiority) = 0.001, p(superiority) = 0.60). By intention-to-treat, there were no significant differences between CoCr-EES and PtCr-EES in the 12-month rates of TLF (3.2% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.72), cardiac death or MI (2.5% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.56), TLR (1.9% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.96), or Academic Research Consortium definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.4% vs. 0.4%, p = 1.00).


CONCLUSIONS
In this large-scale, prospective, single-blind randomized trial, a novel PtCr-EES was noninferior to the predicate CoCr-EES for TLF, with nonsignificant differences in measures of safety and efficacy through 12-month follow-up after PCI.