LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution image reconstruction: a technical overview

MAY 2003 IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 21 1053-5888/03/$17.00©2003IEEE In most electronic imaging applications, images with high resolution (HR) are desired and often required. HR means that pixel density within an image is high, and therefore an HR image can offer more details that may be critical in various applications. For example, HR medical images are very helpful for a doctor to make a correct diagnosis. It may be easy to distinguish an object from similar ones using HR satellite images, and the performance of pattern recognition in computer vision can be improved if an HR image is provided. Since the 1970s, charge-coupled device (CCD) and CMOS image sensors have been widely used to capture digital images. Although these sensors are suitable for most imaging applications, the current resolution level and consumer price will not satisfy the future demand. For example, people want an inexpensive HR digital camera/camcorder or see the price gradually reduce, and scientists often need a very HR level close to that of an analog 35 mm film that has no visible artifacts when an image is magnified. Thus, finding a way to increase the current resolution level is needed. The most direct solution to increase spatial resolution is to reduce the pixel size (i.e., increase the number of pixels per unit area) by sensor manufacturing techniques. As the pixel size decreases, however, the amount of light available also decreases. It generates shot noise that degrades the image quality severely. To reduce the pixel size without suffering the effects of shot noise, therefore, there exists the limitation of the pixel size reduction, and the optimally limited pixel size is estimated at about 40 μm2 for a 0.35 μm CMOS process. The current image sensor technology has almost reached this level. Another approach for enhancing the spatial resolution is to increase the chip size, which leads to an increase in capacitance [1]. Since large capacitance makes it difficult to speed up a charge transfer rate, this approach is not considered effective. The high cost for high precision optics and image sensors is also an important concern in many commercial applications regarding HR imaging. Therefore, a new approach toward increasing spatial resolution is required to overcome these limitations of the sensors and optics manufacturing technology. One promising approach is to use signal processing techniques to obtain an HR image (or sequence) from observed multiple low-resolution (LR) images. Recently, such a resolution enhancement approach has been one of the most active research areas, and it is called super resolution (SR) (or HR) image reconstruction or simply resolution enhancement in the literature [1]-[61]. In this article, we use the term “SR image reconstruction” to refer to a signal processing approach toward resolution enhancement because the term “super” in “super ©DIGITAL VISION, LTD.
Immune Disorders and Its Correlation with Gut Microbiome

Allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are common hyper-immune disorders in industrialized countries. Along with genetic association, environmental factors and gut microbiota have been suggested as major triggering factors for the development of atopic dermatitis. Numerous studies support the association of hygiene hypothesis in allergic immune disorders that a lack of early childhood exposure to diverse microorganism increases susceptibility to allergic diseases. Among the symbiotic microorganisms (e.g. gut flora or probiotics), probiotics confer health benefits through multiple action mechanisms including modification of immune response in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Although many human clinical trials and mouse studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics in diverse immune disorders, this effect is strain specific and needs to apply specific probiotics for specific allergic diseases. Herein, we briefly review the diverse functions and regulation mechanisms of probiotics in diverse disorders.
Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Prediction of Heart Diseases Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm

Our healthcare sector daily collects a huge data including clinical examination, vital parameters, investigation reports, treatment follow-up and drug decisions etc. But very unfortunately it is not analyzed and mined in an appropriate way. The Health care industry collects the huge amounts of health care data which unfortunately are not “mined” to discover hidden information for effective decision making for health care practitioners. Data mining refers to using a variety of techniques to identify suggest of information or decision making knowledge in database and extracting these in a way that they can put to use in areas such as decision support , Clustering ,Classification and Prediction. This paper has developed a Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Prediction of Heart Diseases (CCDSS) using Naïve Bayes data mining algorithm. CCDSS can answer complex “what if” queries which traditional decision support systems cannot. Using medical profiles such as age, sex, spO2,chest pain type, heart rate, blood pressure and blood sugar it can predict the likelihood of patients getting a heart disease. CCDSS is Webbased, user-friendly, scalable, reliable and expandable. It is implemented on the PHPplatform. Keywords—Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support System(CCDSS), Heart disease, Data mining, Naïve Bayes.
Correlation Between Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Eight Cinnamomum. Species

Fourteen essential oils hydrodistilled from eight Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) species (C. pubescens Kochummen, C. impressicostatum Kosterm, C. microphyllum Ridl., C. scortechinii Gamb., C. rhyncophyllum Miq., C. cordatum Kosterm, C. zeylanicum Blume, and C. mollissimum Hook f.) were examined for their antifungal activity against six dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, and M. audouini), one filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus), and five strains of yeasts (Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and Crytococcus neoformans) by using the broth microdilution method. The antifungal activities of 13 standard compounds that are prevalent constituents in Cinnamomum oils were also investigated in an effort to correlate the effectiveness of the oils with those of the components of the oils. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Most of the oils showed moderate to strong activity against the fungi. Among the oils, the leaf and bark oils of C. zeylanicum showed the highest activity against all the fungi with MIC values of 0.04 to 0.63 μg μL−1. Other oils that gave a strong inhibition on fungal growth were the leaf oil of C. cordatum and bark and twig oils of C. pubescens and C. impressicostatum. Cinnamaldehyde, which was the most abundant component of the bark oil of C. zeylanicum, showed the strongest activity against all the fungi studied. Based on the results of the assay on standard samples, it may be that the high levels of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol, benzyl benzoate, and methyl cinnamate in the oils and in combination with the minor components is responsible for the high antifungal activity of the oils. Accepted: January14, 2008. Address correspondence to: Ibrahim bin Jantan, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel.: (03) 40405331; Fax: (603) 26983271; E-mail: ibj@medic.ukm.my
Gender, ethnicity and race in incarcerated and detained youth: services and policy implications for girls.

OBJECTIVE
While work has been conducted on gender differences to inform gender-specific programming, relatively little work has been done regarding racial and ethnic differences among incarcerated and detained girls in particular. This is an important gap, considering gender, race, and ethnicity may be important factors in responding to the needs of incarcerated and detained girls within the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model. We hypothesize girls will show relatively more pathology than boys, and that White girls will show relatively more pathology as compared to girls of other groups. Implications of findings for services delivery and policy are presented.


METHOD
Data were collected on N = 657 youth using structured interview and record review. Analyses included χ2 and t tests.


RESULTS
As compared to boys, girls were older at first arrest yet younger during most lock-up, received poorer grades, experienced more family difficulty, and more were lesbian/bisexual. As compared to minority girls, White girls began hard drugs at a younger age, had more conduct disorder symptoms, and more frequently experienced parental difficulty and abuse.


CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Age-appropriate programming that addresses family difficulty and sexuality is needed for girls. As compared to White girls, reentry planning may more readily rely on family support for minority girls. Systems should consider use of actuarial methods in order to reduce bias in making placement decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record
The influence of low-, normal-, and high-carbohydrate meals on blood pressure in elderly patients with postprandial hypotension.

BACKGROUND
Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is a common and serious disorder of blood pressure (BP) regulation in elderly people. It has been suggested that primarily the carbohydrate (CH) content of a meal induces the BP decrease. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the CH content of meals and postprandial BP responses in elderly patients diagnosed with PPH.


METHODS
Twelve geriatric patients (aged 75 to 91 years; 6 men) who were previously diagnosed with PPH received standardized liquid meals with low- (25 g), normal- (65 g), and high- (125 g) CH content in random order on three separate days. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 5 minutes from 20 minutes before until 75 minutes after each meal. Postprandial symptoms were recorded every 15 minutes.


RESULTS
The maximum decrease in SBP was significantly smaller after the low-CH meal (-28 +/- 5 mm Hg) than after the normal- (-39 +/- 7 mm Hg) and high-CH meals (-40 +/- 5 mm Hg) (p <.050 between groups). In addition, the duration of PPH was significantly shorter (p <.010), and postprandial symptoms were less frequent and less severe after the low-CH meal.


CONCLUSIONS
Reducing the CH amount in meals induces significantly smaller decreases in SBP, shorter duration of PPH, and reduction of PPH-related symptoms. Therefore, limiting the CH content of an elderly patient's meal can be a clinically effective nonpharmacological treatment for PPH in elderly patients and can reduce the risk of developing symptomatic PPH.
Cluster reserves: a mechanism for resource management in cluster-based network servers

In network (e.g., Web) servers, it is often desirable to isolate the performance of different classes of requests from each other. That is, one seeks to achieve that a certain minimal proportion of server resources are available for a class of requests, independent of the load imposed by other requests. Recent work demonstrates how to achieve this performance isolation in servers consisting of a single, centralized node; however, achieving performance isolation in a distributed, cluster based server remains a problem.
This paper introduces a new abstraction, the cluster reserve, which represents a resource principal in a cluster based network server. We present a design and evaluate a prototype implementation that extends existing techniques for performance isolation on a single node server to cluster based servers.
In our design, the dynamic cluster-wide resource management problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, with the resource allocations on individual machines as independent variables, and the desired cluster-wide resource allocations as constraints. Periodically collected resource usages serve as further inputs to the problem.
Experimental results show that cluster reserves are effective in providing performance isolation in cluster based servers. We demonstrate that, in a number of different scenarios, cluster reserves are effective in ensuring performance isolation while enabling high utilization of the server resources.
Food and water intake and selective feeding in rabbits on four feeding regimes.

Diet plays an important role in maintaining rabbit health. Feeding an incorrect diet, particularly a low fibre diet, has been linked with digestive, dental and urinary tract disease. However, food intake and dietary requirements have been poorly studied in pet rabbits. This study assessed the effects of two commonly fed pet rabbit diets [extruded nuggets with hay (EH) and muesli with hay (MH)] alongside hay only (HO) and muesli only (MO) on food and water intake in 32 Dutch rabbits. Dry matter (DM) intake was greater in the HO group and lower in the MO group than in the EH and MH groups (p < 0.001). The portion of the diet made of hay was greater in the EH group than in the MH group (p < 0.001). Water intake was positively correlated with DM intake and was greatest in the HO group (p < 0.001). Selective feeding occurred in all rabbit groups fed muesli, whether or not hay was also available. Pellets were rejected, and grains and extrudates selected. The presence of selective feeding in all rabbits fed muesli leads to the consumption of an unbalanced diet. In addition, hay intake and water intake were lower when muesli was fed. Conclusions drawn from this study are based on general recommendations for pet rabbits, and clinical disease may have developed by feeding the study diets over a longer time period, as many diet-related conditions typically present in older rabbits. However, the study demonstrates that the feeding of muesli diets cannot be recommended.
A control theoretic model of driver steering behavior

Following well-established feedback control design principles, a control theoretic model of driver steering behavior is presented. While accounting for the inherent manual control limitations of the human, the compensation dynamics of the driver are chosen to produce a stable, robust, closed-loop driver-vehicle system with a bandwidth commensurate with the demands of the driving task being analyzed. A technique for selecting driver model parameters is a natural by-product of the control theoretic modeling approach. Experimental verification shows the ability of the model to produce driver-vehicle responses similar to those obtained in a simulated lane-keeping driving task on a curving road.<<ETX>>
Effect of morphine in needle procedures in children with cancer.

BACKGROUND
The aim was to investigate whether children experience less fear, distress, and/or pain when they receive oral morphine vs. placebo before a needle is inserted in a subcutaneously implanted intravenous port when combined with topical anesthesia.


METHOD
Fifty children 1-18 years of age who were treated in a pediatric oncology and hematology setting were included consecutively when undergoing routine needle insertion into an intravenous port. All children were subjected to one needle insertion following topical anesthetic (EMLA) application in this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing orally administered morphine (n=26) 0.25 mg/kg body weight with placebo (n=24). The patients' fear, distress, and pain were reported by parents, nurses and the children themselves (if ≥ 7 years of age) on 0-100 mm Visual Analogue Scales. In addition, observational methods were used to measure distress and procedure pain.


RESULTS
No differences between the morphine and the placebo group were found with respect to age, weight, height, physical status, sex, weeks from diagnosis, or weeks from latest needle insertion. According to, parents, nurses, and children, oral morphine at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight did not reduce fear, distress or pain compared with placebo.


CONCLUSION
We could not reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the oral morphine and placebo groups assuming an effect size of 15 mm on VAS. Therefore it seems that oral morphine at 0.25 mg/kg does not give any additional reduction of fear, distress or pain compared with placebo when combined with topical anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing subcutaneous port needle insertion, and would not be expected to be of any advantage for similar procedures such as venipuncture and venous cannulation when topical anesthesia is used.
Microstructure and electrical characteristics of Ni–Cr thin films

Abstract Microstructure of thin films of different compositions of Ni–Cr alloy, over the range from 40 wt.% to 80 wt.% Ni, deposited on silicon nitride coated GaAs substrates, is investigated under Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) in as-deposited and annealed conditions. The procedure of wet etching vias through GaAs substrates is used for preparing samples for TEM. Microstructures of as-deposited films of different Ni–Cr alloys are related to the nature of the parent alloy in the binary phase diagram. The microstructural transformations in annealed films of single and two-phase alloy materials are interpreted based on the comparison of TEM micrographs in conjunction with the X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction data. The changes in the electrical characteristics such as resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the films in relation to the microstructural transformations are discussed. The effect of superimposing a polyimide layer on the TCR of Ni–Cr films is also discussed.
On inserter regularization method

There exist certain intrinsic relations between the ultraviolet divergent graphs and the convergent ones at the same loop order in renormalizable quantum field theories. Whereupon we present a new method, the inserter regularization method, to regulate those divergent graphs. In this letter, we demonstrate this method with the φ theory and QED at the one loop order. Some applications to SUSY-models are also made at the one loop order, which shows that supersymmetry is preserved manifestly and consistently. Talk by H.Y.Guo at ITP workshop on Gauge Theory and WZW model during Dec. 5-10, also a concise version of hep-th/9412034. Permanent address. Email: hyguo@itp.ac.cn, caiyu@itp.ac.cn and tenghb@itp.ac.cn for HYG, YC, and HBT respectively.
Traffic Flow Prediction using Adaboost Algorithm with Random Forests as a Weak Learner

Traffic Management and Information Systems, which rely on a system of sensors, aim to describe in real-time traffic in urban areas using a set of parameters and estimating them. Though the state of the art focuses on data analysis, little is done in the sense of prediction. In this paper, we describe a machine learning system for traffic flow management and control for a prediction of traffic flow problem. This new algorithm is obtained by combining Random Forests algorithm into Adaboost algorithm as a weak learner. We show that our algorithm performs relatively well on real data, and enables, according to the Traffic Flow Evaluation model, to estimate and predict whether there is congestion or not at a given time on road intersections. Keywords—Machine Learning, Boosting, Classification, Traffic Congestion, Data Collecting, Magnetic Loop Detectors, Signalized Intersections, Traffic Signal Timing Optimization.
Visual Thinking Design Patterns

In visual analytics, interactive data visualizations provide a bridge between analytic computations, often involving “big data”, and computations in the brain of the user. Visualization provides a high bandwidth channel from the computer to the user by means of the visual display, with interactions including brushing, dynamic queries, and generalized fisheye views designed to select and control what is shown. In this paper we introduce Visual Thinking Design Patterns (VTDPs) as part of a methodology for producing cognitively efficient designs. We describe their main components, including epistemic actions (actions to seek knowledge) and visual queries (pattern searches that provide a whole or partial solution to a problem). We summarize the set of 20 VTDPs we have identified so far and show how they can be used in a design methodology. Keywords—design patterns, visual thinking, data visualization, visual analytics.
Extensions of Initial Models and their Second-Order Proof Systems

Besides explicit axioms, an algebraic specification language contains model-theoretic constraints such as initiality. For proving properties of specifications and refining them to programs, an axiomatization of these constraints is needed; unfortunately, no effective, sound and complete proof system can be constructed for initial models, and a fortiori for their extensions.
Electromagnetic Design and Realization of Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Broad-Band Absorbing Screens

This paper presents the design and the realization process for radar absorbing panels made of composite materials. It is demonstrated that the proper selection of the carbon fiber length and volume fraction allows reducing sensibly the overall thickness of the screen compared to a standard absorber, and obtaining at the same time broad-band absorption response in the X- and Ku-bands. To this end, the carbon fiber composite material realizing the lossy sheet of the absorbing screen is designed by simulation in order to have tailored complex effective permittivity. Two prototypes of absorbing screens are realized and tested experimentally. The first one is a three-layer panel, characterized by reflection coefficient lower than -10 dB in the frequency range from 8 to 14 GHz, and total thickness of 4.5 mm. The second one is a five-layer panel with reflection coefficient less than -20 dB in the range 9-18 GHz, and total thickness of 5.5 mm.
Centrality and normality in protomodular categories

We analyse the classical property of centrality of equivalence relations in terms of normal monomorphisms. For this purpose, the internal structure of connector is introduced, allowing to clarify classical results in Maltsev categories and to prove new ones in protomodular categories. This approach allows to work in the general context of finitely complete categories, without requiring the usual Barr exactness assumption.
Emulating Soft Real-Time Scheduling Using Traditional Operating System Schedulers

Real-time scheduling algorithms are usually only available in the kernels of real-time operating systems, and not in more general purpose operating systems, like Unix. For some soft real-time problems, a traditional operating system may be the development platform of choice. This paper addresses methods of emulating real-time scheduling algorithms on top of standard time-share schedulers. We examine (through simulations) three strategies for priority assignment within a traditional multi-tasking environment. The results show that the emulation algorithms are comparable in performance to the real-time algorithms and in some instances outperform them.