LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Humanoids and personal robots: Design and experiments

This paper addresses the field of humanoid and personal robotics—its objectives, motivations, and technical problems. The approach described in the paper is based on the analysis of humanoid and personal robots as an evolution from industrial to advanced and service robotics driven by the need for helpful machines, as well as a synthesis of the dream of replicating humans. The first part of the paper describes the development of anthropomorphic components for humanoid robots, with particular regard to anthropomorphic sensors for vision and touch, an eight-d.o.f. arm, a three-fingered hand with sensorized fingertips, and control schemes for grasping. Then, the authors propose a user-oriented designmethodology for personal robots, anddescribe their experience in the design, development, and validation of a real personal robot composed of a mobile unit integrating some of the anthropomorphic components introduced previously and aimed at operating in a distributedworking environment. Based on the analysis of experimental results, the authors conclude that humanoid robotics is a tremendous and attractive technical and scientific challenge for robotics research. The real utility of humanoids has still to be demonstrated, but personal assistance can be envisaged as a promising application domain. Personal robotics also poses difficult technical problems, especially related to the need for achieving adequate safety, proper human–robot interaction, useful performance, and affordable cost. When these problems are solved, personal robots will have an excellent chance for significant application opportunities, especially if integrated into future home automation systems, and if supported by the availability of humanoid robots. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Necessary Dream: A Study of the Novels of Manuel Puig

The Latin American novelist Manuel Puig is perhaps best known for his novel Kiss of the Spider Woman. The Necessary Dream provides an introduction to and interpretation of his seven novels written from 1968 to 1982. While each novel is given a separate chapter, the homogenious thread of attitudes and themes which touch on psychology, feminism, Argentine politics and popular culture, is clearly displayed. Contents: Introduction; 'La Vie est ailleurs':^R La traiciUn de Rita Hayworth (1968); 'The Rules of the Game': Boquitas pintadas (1969); 'The Divided Self': The Buenos Aires Affair (1973); 'The Kiss of Death': El beso de la mujer aran?ia (1976); 'Only Make-Believe': Pubis angelical (1979); 'Les Liaisons dangereuses': MaldiciUn eterna a quien lea estas p*ginas (1980); 'Life's a Dream': Sangre de amor correspondido (1982); Notes; Bibliography; Index
On What We See

This paper investigates the idea that perception can be, at once, a mode of direct awareness of the world and an encounter, in the first instance, with mere appearances. In developing this point, I introduce a sensorimotor account of perception according to which the senses are ways of exploring the environment mediated by different patterns of sensorimotor contingency (i.e. by the distinctive ways in which what the perceiver does affects how things appear). The world we live in is the world of sense-data; but the world we talk about is the world of
Effect of Occlusal Splints on the Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental Wear and Anxiety of Bruxist Children

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of occlusal splints to reduce the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), dental wear and anxiety in a group of bruxist children.


METHODS
All of the subjects were 3 to 6 years old, had complete primary dentition, class I occlusion and were classified as bruxist according to the minimal criteria of the ICSD for bruxism. For each child, anxiety was evaluated with the Conners' Parent Rating Scales (CPRS). The TMD were evaluated using the RDC/TMD. The dental wear was processed in digital format with Mat Lab® and Lab view® software to determine its size and form. The children were randomized into an experimental (n=19) and a control (n=17) group. The children in the experimental group used rigid bite plates for a two-year period, until mixed dentition. Afterwards, the CPRS and the RDC/TMD were applied again and dental casts were taken. Comparisons of the variables regarding dental wear, signs and symptoms of TMD and anxiety before and after treatment among the groups were analyzed using the t-test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Mann-Whitney test.


RESULTS
The subjects in the experimental group showed no statistically significant difference regarding anxiety levels and dental wear when compared with the control group. The signs and symptoms of TMD were not reduced except for the deviation in mouth opening.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of rigid occlusal bite plates was not efficient in reducing the signs of bruxism as a whole but did reduce the deviation in mouth opening.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on cardiovascular disease risk factors in smokers.

BACKGROUND
The short-chain fatty acids formed in the human colon by the bacterial fermentation of fiber may have an antiinflammatory effect, may reduce insulin production, and may improve lipid metabolism. We previously showed in hypercholesterolemic patients that supplementation with the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 299v significantly lowers concentrations of LDL cholesterol and fibrinogen.


OBJECTIVE
We determined the influence of a functional food product containing L. plantarum 299v on lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and monocyte function in heavy smokers.


DESIGN
Thirty-six healthy volunteers (18 women and 18 men) aged 35-45 y participated in a controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. The experimental group drank 400 mL/d of a rose-hip drink containing L. plantarum 299v (5 x 10(7) colony-forming units/mL); the control group consumed the same volume of product without bacteria. The experiment lasted 6 wk and entailed no changes in lifestyle.


RESULTS
Significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.000), leptin (P < 0.000), and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were recorded in the experimental group. No such changes were observed in the control group. Decreases in F(2)-isoprostanes (37%) and interleukin 6 (42%) were also noted in the experimental group in comparison with baseline. Monocytes isolated from subjects treated with L. plantarum showed significantly reduced adhesion (P < 0.001) to native and stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.


CONCLUSION
L. plantarum administration leads to a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors and could be useful as a protective agent in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis in smokers.
Complexity leadership: a healthcare imperative.

PROBLEM
The healthcare system is plagued with increasing cost and poor quality outcomes. A major contributing factor for these issues is that outdated leadership practices, such as leader-centricity, linear thinking, and poor readiness for innovation, are being used in healthcare organizations.


SOLUTION
Complexity leadership theory provides a new framework with which healthcare leaders may practice leadership. Complexity leadership theory conceptualizes leadership as a continual process that stems from collaboration, complex systems thinking, and innovation mindsets.


CONCLUSION
Compared to transactional and transformational leadership concepts, complexity leadership practices hold promise to improve cost and quality in health care.
Does #like4like indeed provoke more likes?

Hashtags, created by social network users, have gained a huge popularity in recent years. As a kind of metatag for organizing information, hashtags in online social networks, especially in Instagram, have greatly facilitated users' interactions. In recent years, academia starts to use hashtags to reshape our understandings on how users interact with each other. #like4like is one of the most popular hashtags in Instagram with more than 290 million photos appended with it, when a publisher uses #like4like in one photo, it means that he will like back photos of those who like this photo. Different from other hashtags, #like4like implies an interaction between a photo's publisher and a user who likes this photo, and both of them aim to attract likes in Instagram. In this paper, we study whether #like4like indeed serves the purpose it is created for, i.e., will #like4like provoke more likes? We first perform a general analysis of #like4like with 1.8 million photos collected from Instagram, and discover that its quantity has dramatically increased by 1,300 times from 2012 to 2016. Then, we study whether #like4like will attract likes for photo publishers; results show that it is not #like4like but actually photo contents attract more likes, and the lifespan of a #like4like photo is quite limited. In the end, we study whether users who like #like4like photos will receive likes from #like4like publishers. However, results show that more than 90% of the publishers do not keep their promises, i.e., they will not like back others who like their #like4like photos; and for those who keep their promises, the photos which they like back are often randomly selected.
Total order broadcast and multicast algorithms: Taxonomy and survey

Total order broadcast and multicast (also called atomic broadcast/multicast) present an important problem in distributed systems, especially with respect to fault-tolerance. In short, the primitive ensures that messages sent to a set of processes are, in turn, delivered by all those processes in the same total order.
Use of microsurgery and iloprost in the infantile arterial injuries.

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the use and advantage of microsurgical intervention and intravenous iloprost administration in delayed infantile artery injuries.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Four patients were followed up and treated in our clinic between June 2003 and June 2006 for infantile artery injuries and distal ischemia. The average age of the 4 infants (3 girls, 1 boy) was 134.7+/-33.6 days. The reason for all of the artery injuries was iatrogenic. Tissue necrosis started in patches in 2 babies who were admitted at the 12(th) hour after ischemia (19(th) and 22(nd) hours), and therefore the artery was repaired by microsurgery. Iloprost infusion was also used in addition to the conservative treatments. The other 2 patients were assessed before the first 12 h after distal ischemia and were treated by iloprost without any surgical intervention. None of the patients lost any tissue or extremities during the 9 months (average) follow-up time. One of our patients died following the ventricular septal defect repair at the 9(th) month after a successful repair of artery.


DISCUSSION
We believe that intravenous iloprost infusion is very effective in the treatment of distal ischemia when used in addition to the conservative treatment methods for artery injuries in infants.
Individual Differences in the Benefits of Feedback for Learning

OBJECTIVE
Research on learning from feedback has produced ambiguous guidelines for feedback design--some have advocated minimal feedback, whereas others have recommended more extensive feedback that highly supported performance. The objective of the current study was to investigate how individual differences in cognitive resources may predict feedback requirements and resolve previous conflicted findings.


METHOD
Cognitive resources were controlled for by comparing samples from populations with known differences, older and younger adults.To control for task demands, a simple rule-based learning task was created in which participants learned to identify fake Windows pop-ups. Pop-ups were divided into two categories--those that required fluid ability to identify and those that could be identified using crystallized intelligence.


RESULTS
In general, results showed participants given higher feedback learned more. However, when analyzed by type of task demand, younger adults performed comparably with both levels of feedback for both cues whereas older adults benefited from increased feedbackfor fluid ability cues but from decreased feedback for crystallized ability cues.


CONCLUSION
One explanation for the current findings is feedback requirements are connected to the cognitive abilities of the learner-those with higher abilities for the type of demands imposed by the task are likely to benefit from reduced feedback.


APPLICATION
We suggest the following considerations for feedback design: Incorporate learner characteristics and task demands when designing learning support via feedback.
Optimality of Dual Methods for Discrete Multiuser Multicarrier Resource Allocation Problems

Dual methods based on Lagrangian relaxation are the state of the art to solve multiuser multicarrier resource allocation problems. This applies to concave utility functions as well as to practical systems employing adaptive modulation, in which users' data rates can be described by step functions. We show that this discrete resource allocation problem can be formulated as an integer linear program belonging to the class of multiple-choice knapsack problems. As a knapsack problem with additional constraints, this problem is NP-hard, but facilitates approximation algorithms based on Lagrangian relaxation. We show that these dual methods can be described as rounding methods. As an immediate result, we conclude that prior claims of optimality, based on a vanishing duality gap, are insufficient. To answer the question of optimality of dual methods for discrete multicarrier resource allocation problems, we present bounds on the absolute integrality gap for three exemplary downlink resource allocation problems with different objectives when employing rounding methods. The obtained bounds are asymptotically optimal in the sense that the relative performance loss vanishes as the number of subcarriers tends to infinity. The exemplary problems considered in this work are sum rate maximization, sum power minimization and max-min fairness.
Genetic polymorphisms in key hypoxia-regulated downstream molecules and phenotypic correlation in prostate cancer

BACKGROUND
In this study we sought if, in their quest to handle hypoxia, prostate tumors express target hypoxia-associated molecules and their correlation with putative functional genetic polymorphisms.


METHODS
Representative areas of prostate carcinoma (n = 51) and of nodular prostate hyperplasia (n = 20) were analysed for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), lysyl oxidase (LOX) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR2) immunohistochemistry expression using a tissue microarray. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and used to genotype functional polymorphisms at the corresponding genes (HIF1A +1772 C > T, rs11549465; CA9 + 201 A > G; rs2071676; LOX +473 G > A, rs1800449; KDR - 604 T > C, rs2071559).


RESULTS
Immunohistochemistry analyses disclosed predominance of positive CAIX and VEGFR2 expression in epithelial cells of prostate carcinomas compared to nodular prostate hyperplasia (P = 0.043 and P = 0.035, respectively). In addition, the VEGFR2 expression score in prostate epithelial cells was higher in organ-confined and extra prostatic carcinoma compared to nodular prostate hyperplasia (P = 0.031 and P = 0.004, respectively). Notably, for LOX protein the immunoreactivity score was significantly higher in organ-confined carcinomas compared to nodular prostate hyperplasia (P = 0.015). The genotype-phenotype analyses showed higher LOX staining intensity for carriers of the homozygous LOX +473 G-allele (P = 0.011). Still, carriers of the KDR-604 T-allele were more prone to have higher VEGFR2 expression in prostate epithelial cells (P < 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
Protein expression of hypoxia markers (VEGFR2, CAIX and LOX) on prostate epithelial cells was different between malignant and benign prostate disease. Two genetic polymorphisms (LOX +473 G > A and KDR-604 T > C) were correlated with protein level, accounting for a potential gene-environment effect in the activation of hypoxia-driven pathways in prostate carcinoma. Further research in larger series is warranted to validate present findings.
Impairment-targeted exercises for older adults with knee pain: a proof-of-principle study (TargET-Knee-Pain)

BACKGROUND
Therapeutic exercise is an effective intervention for knee pain and osteoarthritis (OA) and should be individualised. In a preliminary, proof-of-principle study we sought to develop a home exercise programme targeted at specific physical impairments of weak quadriceps, reduced knee flexion range of motion (ROM) and poor balance, and evaluate whether receipt of this was associated with improvements in those impairments and in patient-reported outcomes among older adults with knee pain.


METHODS
This community-based study used a single group, before-after study design with 12-week follow-up. Participants were 58 adults aged over 56 years with knee pain and evidence of quadriceps weakness, loss of flexion ROM, or poor balance, recruited from an existing population-based, observational cohort. Participants received a 12-week home exercise programme, tailored to their physical impairments. The programme was led, monitored and progressed by a physiotherapist over six home visits, alternating with six telephone calls. Primary outcome measures were maximal isometric quadriceps strength, knee flexion ROM and timed single-leg standing balance, measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks by a research nurse blinded to the nature and content of participants' exercise programmes. Secondary outcome measures included the WOMAC.


RESULTS
At 12 weeks, participants receiving strengthening exercises demonstrated a statistically significant change in quadriceps isometric strength compared to participants not receiving strengthening exercises: 3.9 KgF (95 % CI 0.1, 7.8). Changes in knee flexion ROM (2.1° (-2.3, 6.5)) and single-leg balance time (-2.4 s (-4.5, 6.7)) after stretching and balance retraining exercises respectively, were not found to be statistically significant. There were significant improvements in mean WOMAC Pain and Physical Function scores: -2.2 (-3.1, -1.2) and -5.1 (-7.8, -2.5).


CONCLUSIONS
A 12-week impairment-targeted, home-based exercise programme for symptomatic knee OA appeared to be associated with modest improvements in self-reported pain and function but no strong evidence of greater improvement in the specific impairments targeted by each exercise package, with the possible exception of quadriceps strengthening.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN 61638364 Date of registration: 24 June 2010.
Wireless infidelity I: war driving

Although WiFi technology security vulnerabilities are well known, the extent of these vulnerabilities may be surprising: War driving experiences identify many potential points of entry.
Ab initio molecular-dynamics study of liquid GeSe

The structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of liquid GeSe 2 ar investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics. The static structure factor S(Q) and the pair-correlation functions of our model are in good agreement with experiment. We find many similarities between the topology of the liquid and the glass state. In addition we introduce a way of characterizing the intermediate-range order of liquid and glassy GeSe 2 through fourfold and sixfold rings. The overall vibrational density of states is found to be consistent with Raman experiments. The intensity of the low-frequency modes, splitting of the A1 and A1c peaks, and the decrease in the intensity of the high-frequency modes are all reproduced. The electronic density of states is determined and compared to our results for glassy GeSe 2. We find that an increase in Se bond length and bond-angle disorder significantly broadens the conduction band. The time-dependent behavior of the electronic eigenvalues is examined and transient events are observed in which an electronic state crosses the optical gap. The structural configurations which produce states in the optical gap are determined using an ab initio molecular-dynamics approach and are found to be in agreement with experimental photoluminescence and electron-spin-resonance data. We also find that a linear relationship exists between the root mean square of the thermal fluctuations of an electronic eigenvalue in time and its localization. @S0163-1829 ~97!05830-X#
A Bayesian missing value estimation method for gene expression profile data

MOTIVATION
Gene expression profile analyses have been used in numerous studies covering a broad range of areas in biology. When unreliable measurements are excluded, missing values are introduced in gene expression profiles. Although existing multivariate analysis methods have difficulty with the treatment of missing values, this problem has received little attention. There are many options for dealing with missing values, each of which reaches drastically different results. Ignoring missing values is the simplest method and is frequently applied. This approach, however, has its flaws. In this article, we propose an estimation method for missing values, which is based on Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA). Although the methodology that a probabilistic model and latent variables are estimated simultaneously within the framework of Bayes inference is not new in principle, actual BPCA implementation that makes it possible to estimate arbitrary missing variables is new in terms of statistical methodology.


RESULTS
When applied to DNA microarray data from various experimental conditions, the BPCA method exhibited markedly better estimation ability than other recently proposed methods, such as singular value decomposition and K-nearest neighbors. While the estimation performance of existing methods depends on model parameters whose determination is difficult, our BPCA method is free from this difficulty. Accordingly, the BPCA method provides accurate and convenient estimation for missing values.


AVAILABILITY
The software is available at http://hawaii.aist-nara.ac.jp/~shige-o/tools/.
TSync: a lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks

Time synchronization in a wireless sensor network is critical for accurate timestamping of events and fine-tuned coordination of wake/sleep duty cycles to reduce power consumption. This paper proposes TSync, a novel lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks. TSync's bidirectional service offers both a push mechanism for accurate and low overhead global time synchronization as well as a pull mechanism for on-demand synchronization by individual sensor nodes. Multi-channel enhancements improve TSync's performance. We deploy a GPS-enabled framework in live sensor networks to evaluate the accuracy and overhead of TSync in comparison with other in-situ time synchronization algorithms.