LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Resource management for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing: A survey

The cloud phenomenon is quickly becoming an important service in Internet computing. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing is one of the most significant and fastest growing field. In this service model, cloud providers offer resources to users/machines that include computers as virtual machines, raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and network devices. One of the most pressing issues in cloud computing for IaaS is the resource management. Resource management problems include allocation, provisioning, requirement mapping, adaptation, discovery, brokering, estimation, and modeling. Resource management for IaaS in cloud computing offers following benefits: scalability, quality of service, optimal utility, reduced overheads, improved throughput, reduced latency, specialized environment, cost effectiveness and simplified interface. This paper focuses on some of the important resource management techniques such as resource provisioning, resource allocation, resource mapping and resource adaptation. It brings out an exhaustive survey of such techniques for IaaS in cloud computing, and also put forth the open challenges for further research. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cosmetic facial fillers and severe vision loss.

IMPORTANCE
Dermal injection of cosmetic fillers can lead to irreversible blindness when injected in the forehead, and this possible adverse effect is not typically mentioned to patients.


OBSERVATIONS
Vision loss from central retinal artery occlusion occurring, after cosmetic facial enhancement, was irreversible in 3 patients. However, 1 patient had a small amount of recovery with aggressive therapy.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Cosmetic facial fillers are not approved for use in the forehead, but off-label use for enhancement in this region is common. To our knowledge, there have been no prior reports of blindness caused by filler injected into the forehead. We present findings of central retinal artery occlusion due to fillers in 3 patients shortly after their cosmetic procedures. The filler presumably enters the central retinal artery via the rich external-internal carotid anastomoses and becomes embedded in the retinal tissues, potentially leading to irreversible and severe vision loss. Physicians performing cosmetic enhancement procedures involving facial fillers need to be aware of this potential complication and should include significant vision loss as a possible rare complication.
A geometric convection approach of 3-D reconstruction

This paper introduces a fast and efficient algorithm for surface reconstruction. As many algorithms of this kind, it produces a piecewise linear approximation of a surface S from a finite, sufficiently dense, subset of its points. Originally, the starting point of this work does not come from the computational geometry field. It is inspired by an existing numerical scheme of surface convection developed by Zhao, Osher and Fedkiw. We have translated this scheme to make it depend on the geometry of the input data set only, and not on the precision of some grid around the surface. Our algorithm deforms a closed oriented pseudo-surface embedded in the 3D Delaunay triangulation of the sampled points, and the reconstructed surface consists of a set of oriented facets located in this 3D Delaunay triangulation. This paper provides an appropriate data structure to represent a pseudo-surface, together with operations that manage deformations and topological changes. The algorithm can handle surfaces with boundaries, surfaces of high genus and, unlike most of the other existing schemes, it does not involve a global heuristic. Its complexity is that of the 3D Delaunay triangulation of the points. We present some results of the method, which turns out to be efficient even on noisy input data.
Understanding the clinical dilemmas that shape medical students' ethical development: questionnaire survey and focus group study.

During the past 30 years new medical technologies and public concern about medical ethics have led medical schools in Europe and North America to increase their teaching of formal ethics considerably. Most of this teaching focuses on dilemmas that students may face in their future practice, rather than the ethical problems they encounter as medical students. Several studies and editorials suggest that students’ clinical experiences constitute an informal or “hidden” ethics curriculum, which can undermine their developing professionalism. Clinical teachers who act as negative role models, especially those who show unethical behaviour towards patients, is the most frequently cited problematic aspect of this hidden curriculum. Previous studies have focused on the prevalence of ethical dilemmas as perceived by students, rather than the nature of the dilemmas that students encounter. 5 Our study’s premise was that the prevalence and the nature of medical students’ ethical dilemmas need to be recognised and understood as a first step in resolving them.
Understanding vasopressor intervention and weaning: risk prediction in a public heterogeneous clinical time series database

Background
The widespread adoption of electronic health records allows us to ask evidence-based questions about the need for and benefits of specific clinical interventions in critical-care settings across large populations.


Objective
We investigated the prediction of vasopressor administration and weaning in the intensive care unit. Vasopressors are commonly used to control hypotension, and changes in timing and dosage can have a large impact on patient outcomes.


Materials and Methods
We considered a cohort of 15 695 intensive care unit patients without orders for reduced care who were alive 30 days post-discharge. A switching-state autoregressive model (SSAM) was trained to predict the multidimensional physiological time series of patients before, during, and after vasopressor administration. The latent states from the SSAM were used as predictors of vasopressor administration and weaning.


Results
The unsupervised SSAM features were able to predict patient vasopressor administration and successful patient weaning. Features derived from the SSAM achieved areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.92, 0.88, and 0.71 for predicting ungapped vasopressor administration, gapped vasopressor administration, and vasopressor weaning, respectively. We also demonstrated many cases where our model predicted weaning well in advance of a successful wean.


Conclusion
Models that used SSAM features increased performance on both predictive tasks. These improvements may reflect an underlying, and ultimately predictive, latent state detectable from the physiological time series.
A Retrospective Review from 2006 to 2011 of Lower Extremity Injuries in Badminton in New Zealand

Aim: To describe lower extremity injuries for badminton in New Zealand. Methods: Lower limb badminton injuries that resulted in claims accepted by the national insurance company Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in New Zealand between 2006 and 2011 were reviewed. Results: The estimated national injury incidence for badminton injuries in New Zealand from 2006 to 2011 was 0.66%. There were 1909 lower limb badminton injury claims which cost NZ$2,014,337 (NZ$ value over 2006 to 2011). The age-bands frequently injured were 10–19 (22%), 40–49 (22%), 30–39 (14%) and 50–59 (13%) years. Sixty five percent of lower limb injuries were knee ligament sprains/tears. Males sustained more cruciate ligament sprains than females (75 vs. 39). Movements involving turning, changing direction, shifting weight, pivoting or twisting were responsible for 34% of lower extremity injuries. Conclusion: The knee was most frequently OPEN ACCESS
Prologue: The Burroughs B 5000

This issue of the Annals is devoted to the history of the B 5000 mainframe system. Twenty-five years ago the B 5000 was considered by many people to be a radical departure from the traditional computer system design of that time. In many ways the design of this system and its successors is still recognized as not only pioneering but exceptional.
Post-Quantum Cryptography: State of the Art

Public-key cryptography is indispensable for cyber security. However, as a result of Peter Shor shows, the public-key schemes that are being used today will become insecure once quantum computers reach maturity. This paper gives an overview of the alternative public-key schemes that have the capability to resist quantum computer attacks and compares them.
A multi‐isotope (B, Sr, O, H, and C) and age dating (3H–3He and 14C) study of groundwater from Salinas Valley, California: Hydrochemistry, dynamics, and contamination processes

[1] The chemical and isotope (B/B, Sr/Sr, O/O, H/H, C/C, C, and He/H) compositions of groundwater from the upper aquifer system of the Salinas Valley in coastal central California were investigated in order to delineate the origin and processes of groundwater contamination in this complex system. The Salinas Valley has a relatively deep, confined ‘‘400foot’’ aquifer, overlain by a ‘‘180-foot’’ aquifer and a shallower perched aquifer, all made up of alluvial sand, gravel and clay deposits. Groundwater from the aquifers have different C ages: fossil (C = 21.3 percent modern carbon (pmc) for the 400-foot aquifer andmodern (C = 72.2–98.2 pmc) for the 180-foot aquifer. Fresh groundwater in all aquifers is recharged naturally and artificially through the Salinas River. The two modes of recharge can be distinguished chemically. We identified several different saline components with distinguishable chemical and isotopic fingerprints. (1) Saltwater intrusion in the northern basin has C1 concentrations up to 1700 mg/L, a Na/Cl ratio less than seawater, a marine Br/Cl ratio, a Ca/Cl ratio greater than seawater, dB between +17 and +38% and Sr/Sr between 0.7088 and 0.7096. Excess dissolved Ca, relative to the expected concentration for simple dilution of seawater, correlates with Sr/Sr ratios, suggesting base exchange reaction with claymaterials. (2) Agriculture return flow is high in NO3 and SO4, with a Sr/Sr = 0.7082,dB = 19% and dC between 23 and 17%. The H–He ages (5–17 years) and C data suggest vertical infiltration rates of irrigation water of 3–10 m/yr. (3) Nonmarine saline water in the southern part of the valley has high total dissolved solids up to 3800 mg/L, high SO4, Na/Cl ratio >1, d B between +24 and +30%, and Sr/Sr = 0.70852. This groundwater may have acquired its geochemical signature from leaching of sedimentary rocks associated with the Coast Range marine deposits of Mesozoic to early Cenozoic age. The combination of different geochemical and isotopic fingerprints enables us to delineate the impact of salt sources in different areas of the valley and to reconstruct the origin of the SO4-enriched NO3-depleted saline plume that is located west of the city of Salinas. We suggest that the latter is derived from a mixture of different natural saline waters rather than from anthropogenic contamination.
Thomas Hobbes y la geometría del estado: anotaciones sobre el estado de naturaleza desde

Resumen: El articulo pretende esclarecer el concepto de estado de naturaleza (state of nature) de Thomas Hobbes interpretandolo a la luz de su concepcion de conocimiento, la cual lo vincula con la ‘nueva ciencia’ o la revolucion cientifica. En consecuencia, el articulo ubica a Hobbes, mediante una reinterpretacion de su teoria del conocimiento, en algunos problemas y tradiciones de la Revolucion Cientifica, de donde se redefine su concepto de su estado de naturaleza en terminos de causa integra. Esto, a su vez, permite argumentar la necesidad del Estado, excluyendo el pesimismo antropologico que se atribuye clasicamente a Hobbes. Palabras clave: Historia de la ciencia, Revolucion Cientifica, Thomas Hobbes, Teoria del conocimiento, estado de naturaleza. Abstract: This article pretends to shed light on Hobbes’s concept of state of nature, through a reading of his conception of knowledge which makes possible to relate him with the ‘New Science’ or the Scientific Revolution. In consequence, this article relates Hobbes with some problems and traditions of the Scientific Revolution through a fresh reading of his theory of knowledge, whence the concept of state of nature is redefined in terms of integral cause; this makes possible to argue the need of Commonwealth, excluding the anthropological pessimism traditionally attributed to Hobbes.
Design and Implementation of a Distributed Fall Detection System—Personal Server

In this paper, the main results related to a fall detection system are shown by means of a personal server for the control and processing of the data acquired from multiple intelligent biomedical sensors. This server is designed in the context of a telehealthcare system for the elderly, to whom falls represent a high-risk cause of serious injuries, and its architecture can be extended to patients suffering from chronic diseases. The main design issues and developments in terms of the server hardware and software are presented with the aim of providing a real-time analysis of the processed biosignals. As a result, the evaluation study of the implemented algorithm for fall detection through a set of laboratory experiments is presented, together with some important issues in terms of the device's consumption. The proposed algorithm exhibits excellent outcomes in fall detection.
Experiences of discrimination among people using mental health services in England 2008-2011.

BACKGROUND
Research suggests that levels of discrimination against people using mental health services are high; however, reports of these people's experiences are rare.


AIMS
To determine whether the Time to Change (TTC) programme target of 5% reduction in discrimination has been achieved.


METHOD
Separate samples of people using mental health services were interviewed annually from 2008 to 2011 using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale to record instances of discrimination.


RESULTS
Ninety-one per cent of participants reported one or more experiences of discrimination in 2008 compared with 88% in 2011 (z = -1.9, P = 0.05). The median negative discrimination score was 40% in 2008 and 28% in 2011 (Kruskal-Wallis χ(2) = 83.4, P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of participants experiencing no discrimination increased significantly over the course of TTC but by less than the initial target. The overall median discrimination score fell by 11.5%. Data from 2010 and 2011 suggest that these gains may be hard to maintain during economic austerity.
Moving nursing research forward towards a stronger impact on health care practice?

Nursing research has developed strongly and quickly during the last few decades. The number of scientific nursing journals has increased and many of these have increased their annual number of issues, which reflects a major increase in submitted papers from which to choose. In addition, nurse researchers publish more frequently in other specialised journals. A cursory look at the contents of an issue suggests that nursing research is developing rapidly in many countries. An important question is how far this expansion in research has also produced knowledge for clinical practice which is relevant to the work of clinical nurses and has produced direct benefits for patients? Some might argue that all nursing research should have clinical implications. Whilst desirable, this is an unrealistic expectation of early studies in a research field. Most early studies do not lend themselves well to implementation in practice because they are descriptive and do not attempt to test new strategies or determine the effects of existing nursing interventions (Hallberg, 2006). This is also true for theoretical and interpretative research, which needs to be tested for applicability. Theory development, basic nursing research as well as epidemiological studies may not have immediate clinical implications although they may be needed to inform further studies. Possible nursing interventions, developed on the basis of exploratory studies, need testing to ensure they are applicable to practice and will have the expected outcome. For instance, Arber’s (2007) study of pain talk in hospice and palliative care settings reports important findings about the interaction between nurses and doctors, and the authors rightfully conclude that these have implications for further research about communications between specialist nurses and GPs about pain management. Communication between doctors and nurses about this issue will have implications for patients’ pain management, although further studies would be needed to answer the question about what to do to improve their communication. As nurse researchers we need to be aware of
linical Validity of Measuring Time Difference etween Onset of Mitral Inflow and Onset of arly Diastolic Mitral Annulus Velocity in the valuation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to validate the clinical usefulness of measuring the time difference between onset of mitral inflow and onset of early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (TE E) for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. BACKGROUND In recent studies, TE E correlated well with the time constant of LV pressure decay (tau), and the ratio of IVRT/TE E, where IVRT is isovolumic relaxation time, was useful in the prediction of elevated LV filling pressure. METHODS Simultaneous left heart catheterization and Doppler echocardiography were performed in 40 patients. RESULTS The TE E was evaluated in the same cardiac cycle and in the same hemodynamic status in 31 patients. Despite the wide range of tau (31 to 70 ms), there was no delay in the onset of mitral annulus velocity compared with the onset of mitral inflow (TE E 0) in 27 patients and, therefore, TE E did not correlate with tau. Only three patients showed prolongation in TE E, and all three showed tau 50 ms and pre–A-wave pressure 18 mm Hg. In one patient, mitral annulus velocity began earlier than the onset of mitral inflow. Because TE E was 0 in the majority of patients, the LV filling pressure could not be predicted by the previously suggested index of IVRT/TE E. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous studies, TE E did not correlate with tau, and IVRT/ TE E could not be applied in the prediction of filling pressure, because of the limitation of a zero denominator. However, prolongation of TE E might suggest an elevated filling pressure in the setting of prolonged tau. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2097–101) © 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
An analogue of Bull's theorem for Hybrid Logic

Hybrid logic extends modal logic with a special sort of variables, called nominals, which are evaluated to singletons in Kripke models by valuations, thus acting as names for states in models, see e.g. [1]. Various syntactic mechanisms for exploiting and enhancing the expressive power gained through the addition of nominals can be included, most characteristically the satisfaction operator, @iφ, allowing one to express that φ holds at the world named by a nominal i. In [3], R.A. Bull famously proved that each normal extension of S4.3 has the finite model property. In the current paper we prove a hybrid analogue of Bull’s result. Like the proof of Bull’s original result, ours is algebraic, and thus our secondary aim with this work is to illustrate the usefulness of algebraic methods within hybrid logic research, a field where such methods have been largely ignored (with the exception of T. Litak’s algebraization [5] of a very expressive hybrid logic with binders, using algebras closely akin to cylindric algebras).
Battery evaluation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This paper outlines the development of a battery system test regime for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The test regime is focused on a specific vehicle, the plug-in hybrid Electric Sprinter Van jointly developed by DaimlerChrysler and the Electric Power Research Institute. This paper describes an ongoing process to validate the cycle life performance of advanced batteries subjected to a PHEV duty cycle. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles share many component and powertrain architecture commonalities with power assist hybrid electric vehicles-but with the ability to recharge a larger energy storage system from off-board electrical power. The PHEV has unique battery requirements that often require a compromise between the high energy battery systems required by battery electric vehicles (BEV) and the high power energy storage systems used in power assist hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The duty cycle is generally a combination of deep and shallow discharge behavior found respectively in BEVs and HEVs and is dependent on both vehicle requirements and the energy management strategy of the hybrid powertrain.
Technology affordances for intersubjective learning: a thematic agenda for CSCL

After a brief survey of epistemologies of collaborative learning and forms of computer support for that learning, the study of technology affordances for intersubjective learning is proposed as a thematic agenda for CSCL. A fusion of experimental, ethnomethodological and design methodologies is proposed in support of this agenda. A working definition of intersubjective learning as joint composition of interpretations of a dynamically evolving context is provided, along with an outline for analysis under this definition.