LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic distribution of ototoxic gentamicin entry into inner hair cells of mice.

CONCLUSION
Dynamic distribution of ototoxic gentamicin entry into inner hair cells (IHCs) may cause an interruption of cochlear ribbon synapse.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the pattern of uptake of gentamicin into IHCs, as well as its possible contribution to hearing loss.


METHODS
Adult C57 mice were injected intraperitoneally with gentamicin (100 mg/kg, conjugated with Texas Red ester) continuously for 14 days. The hearing thresholds were detected by auditory brainstem response (ABR) examinations. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy were utilized to trace gentamicin distribution, as well as the expression of RIBEYE/CtBP2 in mouse IHCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was used to find possible alterations of stereocilia.


RESULTS
The distribution of gentamicin in IHCs was first found on the 4th day and the accumulation of gentamicin was increased significantly on the 7th day after treatment, corresponding to the maximal elevation of the hearing threshold. However, the accumulation of gentamicin on the 14th day did not show significant differences compared with the level found on the 7th day. In addition, the uptake of gentamicin was excessively identified at or near the synaptic ribbons of IHCs throughout the 4th, 7th, and 14th days after the treatment, suggesting that cochlear ribbon synapses could be affected by ototoxic gentamicin exposure.
Basketball Player Identification by Jersey and Number Recognition

Recognition of players in pictures of sporting events is an approachable but tough task. In the case of an NBA game, this task can be accomplished by compartmentalizing the job. By characterizing jersey color with MAP detection, isolating the jerseys and numbers, and using template matching, we can make a max-effort algorithm that tried to identify as many players as
Effect of intranasal steroids on rhinosinusitis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical study.

OBJECTIVE
Post-irradiation rhinosinusitis is one of the most common untoward side effects in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on post-irradiation rhinosinusitis.


METHODS
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had undergone radiotherapy and subsequently developed chronic rhinosinusitis were randomised to receive either fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 µg plus nasal irrigation or a single nasal irrigation, for six months. A questionnaire, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography were used to evaluate rhinosinusitis severity, at the beginning of treatment, and at three and six months after treatment.


RESULTS
The group who received fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray combined with irrigation had fewer nasal complaints (overall symptoms, blocked nose and headache were reduced), a better quality of life and less severe endoscopic findings than those who only received nasal irrigation at three and six months after treatment.


CONCLUSION
Nasal steroids are a safe and effective therapy for patients with post-irradiation rhinosinusitis.
MicroRNA 144 Impairs Insulin Signaling by Inhibiting the Expression of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression in various tissues and body fluids has been demonstrated to be associated with several diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D). Here, we compare miRNA expression profiles in different tissues (pancreas, liver, adipose and skeletal muscle) as well as in blood samples from T2D rat model and highlight the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of T2D. In parallel, we have examined the expression profiles of miRNAs in blood samples from Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and T2D male patients.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Employing miRNA microarray and stem-loop real-time RT-PCR, we identify four novel miRNAs, miR-144, miR-146a, miR-150 and miR-182 in addition to four previously reported diabetes-related miRNAs, miR-192, miR-29a, miR-30d and miR-320a, as potential signature miRNAs that distinguished IFG and T2D. Of these microRNAs, miR-144 that promotes erythropoiesis has been found to be highly up-regulated. Increased circulating level of miR-144 has been found to correlate with down-regulation of its predicted target, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at both mRNA and protein levels. We could also experimentally demonstrate that IRS1 is indeed the target of miR-144.


CONCLUSION
We demonstrate that peripheral blood microRNAs can be developed as unique biomarkers that are reflective and predictive of metabolic health and disorder. We have also identified signature miRNAs which could possibly explain the pathogenesis of T2D and the significance of miR-144 in insulin signaling.
The use of an unpleasant sound unconditional stimulus in an aversive conditioning procedure with 8- to 11-year-old children

The study of aversive Pavlovian conditioning in children can contribute to our understanding of how fears are acquired and extinguished during development. However, methodological issues hamper further research because of ethical and procedural concerns regarding the use of traditional aversive unconditional stimuli (USs) and no established method to measure trial-by-trial changes in the child's expectancy of the US. The present experiment used geometric shape conditional stimuli (CSs) and an unpleasant sound US with 8- to 11-year-old children. Reliable acquisition and extinction were observed with first, second, and third interval skin conductance responses, on-line expectancy judgments, and post-conditioning subjective ratings of pleasantness and arousal. The experiment confirms the novel use of an unpleasant sound of metal scraping on slate as a US in aversive conditioning with children. The methods have the potential to facilitate the ethical conduct of aversive conditioning research in children using psychophysiological, affective, and self-report expectancy measures.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Aortic Stiffness and Arterial Hemodynamics in People With Osteoarthritis and Vitamin D Deficiency.

range of 11.8% to 25.6%, and 30-day RSRR was 20.9% (20.2% to 22.1%) with a range of 17.1% to 24.4%. The top 7 principal diagnoses for these readmissions were heart failure (4.8% of all readmissions), postoperative complications such as shock, hematoma, wound dehiscence, and infection (1.4%), arrhythmias (1.1%), sepsis (0.9%), pneumonia (0.8%), gastrointestinal bleed (0.6%), and mechanical device complications (0.5%). Adjusting for patient characteristics, the odds of each adverse outcome for a patient treated at a hospital 1 SD above the national average relative to that of a patient treated at a hospital 1 SD below the national average was statistically significant (Figure 1). Since the Food and Drug Administration approval of TAVR in November 2011, there has been rapid expansion in the number of hospitals performing TAVR. Our results show marked variation in hospital performance with TAVR, with an IQR of 1.8% for 30day RSMR. For perspective, the IQR for 30-day RSMR for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, a commonly performed invasive cardiac procedure, is 1% (4). We found that for an individual patient, the between-hospital variation translates to a >2-fold higher risk of dying within 30 days for a patient undergoing TAVR at a hospital 1 SD above the national average compared with undergoing TAVR at a hospital 1 SD below. The between-hospital variation was lower for 1-year mortality and 30-day readmission, but remained substantial. Some of this betweenhospital variation can be attributed to clinical factors insufficiently captured by our adjustment model, but hospital and system factors are likely also important drivers of this variation. In addition, TAVR volume and duration of center experience were not assessed and could influence outcomes. As the importance of hospital and system factors was not investigated in this paper henceforth, the conclusions of this paper reflect the authors’ opinion. This study serves as an important benchmark for quality measurement and future performance improvement efforts for TAVR. Moving forward, as more centers and operators begin performing TAVR, and existing centers and operators become more proficient, it will be important to continue to monitor the extent of hospital variation to ensure the delivery of optimal outcomes for patients.
The Use of Quantitative Methods in Labour Law Research: An Assessment and Reformulation

This paper considers the potential and limits of quantitative approaches to labour law research. It explores the methods used to construct and validate indicators of labour regulation (‘leximetrics’) and those used in the econometric analysis of the effects of labour law rules on employment, productivity and inequality. It is argued that while there is a risk of the misuse and misappropriation of legal indicators, they can provide new evidence on the nature and effects of labour law rules, and thereby contribute to labour law theory as well as to the resolution of some practical issues of regulatory policy.
Randomised clinical trial of manipulative therapy and physiotherapy for persistent back and neck complaints: results of one year follow up.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of manipulative therapy, physiotherapy, treatment by the general practitioner, and placebo therapy in patients with persistent non-specific back and neck complaints.


DESIGN
Randomised clinical trial.


SETTING
Primary health care in the Netherlands.


PATIENTS
256 patients with non-specific back and neck complaints of at least six weeks' duration who had not received physiotherapy or manipulative therapy in the past two years.


INTERVENTIONS
At the discretion of the manipulative therapists, physiotherapists, and general practitioners. Physiotherapy consisted of exercises, massage, and physical therapy (heat, electrotherapy, ultrasound, shortwave diathermy). Manipulative therapy consisted of manipulation and mobilisation of the spine. Treatment by general practitioners consisted of drugs (for example, analgesics), advice about posture, home exercises, and (bed)rest. Placebo treatment consisted of detuned shortwave diathermy (10 minutes) and detuned ultrasound (10 minutes).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Changes in severity of the main complaint and limitation of physical functioning measured on 10 point scales by a blinded research assistant and global perceived effect measured on a 6 point scale by the patients.


RESULTS
Many patients in the general practitioner and placebo groups received other treatment during follow up. Improvement in the main complaint was larger with manipulative therapy (4.5) than with physiotherapy (3.8) after 12 months' follow up (difference 0.9; 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 1.7). Manipulative therapy also gave larger improvements in physical functioning (difference 0.6; -0.1 to 1.3). The global perceived effect after six and 12 months' follow up was similar for both treatments.


CONCLUSIONS
Manipulative therapy and physiotherapy are better than general practitioner and placebo treatment. Furthermore, manipulative therapy is slightly better than physiotherapy after 12 months.
Role of Nasal Skin Massage in Optimizing Secondary Rhinoplasty Results


Rhinoplasty is the most frequent aesthetic surgery in Iran.1 Recent reports signifies its prevalence rate as high as 180 cases of rhinoplasty per 100,000 population which is the highest in the world.1,2 In addition to plastic surgeons, there are many other surgeons performing rhinoplasty surgery without academic aesthetic surgery training. With increasing the rate of rhinoplasty by the academically untrained surgeons, chance of secondary deformities has been increased dramatically. A pervasive trend among Iranian patients and surgeons is to miniaturize the nose as much as possible, which usually results in a pathologically small nose. After ceasing the edema, these patients develop a small malformed nose with evident breathing problems.3-5 So they start complaining about the shape, size and function of the nose. They wish to have an a esthetically pleasant nose with proportional size. Severe skin shortage makes secondary surgeries unsuccessful in most secondary rhinoplasty cases, especially in patients with foreshortened nose. It makes soft tissue dissection, skeletonization and graft implantation extremely laborious and sub-standardizes function as well as aesthetic results. Surgical attempt for inserting different types and shaped grafts especially large and extended grafts in these cases, will go to fail due to inability of tensionless skin closure.6-13 Since 15 years ago, we have implemented skin massage as a new approach in these patients. They have been trained for nasal skin massage technique with manipulating and putting traction on the nasal skin in forward and downward directions. These manipulations should be performed at all directions, mostly in forward and downward directions and all parts of the nose (Figure 1). Massage performed 6-8 times a day intermittently for 2-5 minutes (per each session) in 3 consecutive months. It has been recommended to do it bimanually or with help of two opposing fingers of dominant hand with application of some mineral or organic oil in order to lubricate and soften the skin. Patients will experience remarkable skin softening after several weeks of massage therapy. A follow-up visit after 12 weeks of massage therapy is recommended, in which the surgeon determines the proper plan based on the amount of skin laxity (Figure 2). In case of acceptable result, surgery could be performed, otherwise the patient is asked for applying another 3 months period of massage therapy. This approach has several advantages: First of all, skin would Editorial
Latent topic model for audio retrieval

Latent topic model such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) has been designed for text processing and has also demonstrated success in the task of audio related processing. The main idea behind LDA assumes that the words of each document arise from a mixture of topics, each of which is a multinomial distribution over the vocabulary. When applying the original LDA to process continuous data, the wordlike unit need be first generated by vector quantization (VQ). This data discretization usually results in information loss. To overcome this shortage, this paper introduces a new topic model named GaussianLDA for audio retrieval. In the proposed model, we consider continuous emission probability, Gaussian instead of multinomial distribution. This new topic model skips the vector quantization and directly models each topic as a Gaussian distribution over audio features. It avoids discretization by this way and integrates the procedure of clustering. The experiments of audio retrieval demonstrate that GaussianLDA achieves better performance than other compared methods. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter

In extreme high-latitude marine environments that are without solar illumination in winter, light-mediated patterns of biological migration have historically been considered non-existent [1]. However, diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton has been shown to occur even during the darkest part of the polar night, when illumination levels are exceptionally low [2, 3]. This paradox is, as yet, unexplained. Here, we present evidence of an unexpected uniform behavior across the entire Arctic, in fjord, shelf, slope and open sea, where vertical migrations of zooplankton are driven by lunar illumination. A shift from solar-day (24-hr period) to lunar-day (24.8-hr period) vertical migration takes place in winter when the moon rises above the horizon. Further, mass sinking of zooplankton from the surface waters and accumulation at a depth of ∼50 m occurs every 29.5 days in winter, coincident with the periods of full moon. Moonlight may enable predation of zooplankton by carnivorous zooplankters, fish, and birds now known to feed during the polar night [4]. Although primary production is almost nil at this time, lunar vertical migration (LVM) may facilitate monthly pulses of carbon remineralization, as they occur continuously in illuminated mesopelagic systems [5], due to community respiration of carnivorous and detritivorous zooplankton. The extent of LVM during the winter suggests that the behavior is highly conserved and adaptive and therefore needs to be considered as "baseline" zooplankton activity in a changing Arctic ocean [6-9]. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
The effect of race on the CYP3A-mediated metabolism of vincristine in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare racial background and CYP3A distribution in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients as it relates to vincristine-related neurotoxicity.


METHODS
Patients with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at Children's Hospital of Michigan were eligible to participate in this study. Determination of the CYP3A variant for each patient was done using Qiagen DNA Blood Mini Kit and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Patients were monitored during their leukemia treatment course for vincristine-related neurotoxicity.


RESULTS
Fifty-four patients were enrolled. Twenty-nine Caucasian patients (81%) and 13 African-American patients (77%) experienced neurotoxicity. CYP3A genotyping was done for 52 patients. Two African-American and two Caucasian patients were homozygous A/A for the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism. Three of these patients (75%) experienced grade 2 neuropathy. Two Caucasian patients and one African-American patient were heterozygous A/G. Two of these patients (66.7%) experienced grade 2 or 3 neuropathy. Thirty-five patients (67.3%) were homozygous for the mutant inactive G/G allele for CYP3A5*3, eight African-American and 27 Caucasian patients. Of these, six of the African-American patients (75%) and 22 of the Caucasian patients (81.5%) experienced neuropathy.


CONCLUSION
The CYP3A5*3 genotype causes very low expression of the CYP3A5 protein and hence decreased vincristine metabolism. In this study, patients who expressed CYP3A5*3 had an increased incidence of vincristine-related neurotoxicity. Overall, a greater percentage of Caucasian patients had documented incidences of neurotoxicity. A larger sample size and more detailed gene analysis are needed for future studies.
SCALE STRUCTURE, DEGREE MODIFICATION, AND THE SEMANTICS OF GRADABLE PREDICATES

In this article we develop a semantic typology of gradable predicates, with special emphasis on deverbal adjectives. We argue for the linguistic relevance of this typology by demonstrating that the distribution and interpretation of degreemodifiers is sensitive to its twomajor classificatory parameters: (1) whether a gradable predicate is associated with what we call an open or closed scale, and (2) whether the standard of comparison for the applicability of the predicate is absolute or relative to a context. We further show that the classification of an important subclass of adjectives within the typology is largely predictable. Specifically, the scale structure of a deverbal gradable adjective correlates either with the algebraic part structure of the event denoted by its source verb or with the part structure of the entities to which the adjective applies. These correlations underscore the fact that gradability is characteristic not only of adjectives but also of verbs and nouns, and that scalar properties are shared by categorially distinct but derivationally related expressions.*
Nursing student perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care.

BACKGROUND
Spirituality is a necessary component of life. Spiritual care includes the activities necessary to meet the spiritual needs of clients. Nursing students must receive appropriate training to develop their abilities to provide spiritual care.


PURPOSE
This study explored student nurse perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and related factors.


METHODS
We used a cross-sectional descriptive design and purposive sampling. Participants were senior nursing students of both genders from 22 schools. The Chinese version of a spirituality and spiritual scale was the research tool. A total of 239 participants returned the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 91.92%.


RESULTS
Average participant age was 19.48 years; 45.61% reported no religion; 65.59% did not participate in religious activities; 94.56% reported having an interest in nursing; 52.72% were undecided about pursuing a nursing career; 3.35% did not want to be nurses; 46.44% had taken spirituality courses in school; 53.56% had taken spiritual care courses. Participants' overall perception of spirituality and spiritual care was "clear." This runs contrary to the idea that only religious people are spiritual and that non-religious nurses may be less able to tend to the spiritual needs of their patients. Participants who had taken spirituality or spiritual care courses had an interest in nursing and were willing to become nurses had, on average, significantly better spirituality knowledge and spiritual care attitudes than other participants.


CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This study found that education, experience, career interest in nursing, and career choice affects nursing student perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. We also found that this effect was independent of gender. Nursing students should be holistic care providers. Integrating spirituality and spiritual care into the standard nursing curriculum is recommended to improve nursing care quality.
Uitdagings wat vaders beleef in hulle verhouding met hul leergestremde kind

Goal: The present study is aimed at the exploration and description of fathers’ perceptions and experience of challenges in their relationship with their learningimpaired child. Background: Learning impairment is a very common problem in children, and is known to have a negative effect on the child itself and on the parents of these children. Parents with a learning-impaired child experience additional stress. This study focuses only on the father, as most of the current research only focuses on the mother-child relationship, because the mother is seen as the primary caretaker of the child. Methods: A qualitative research design was used. The population was fathers with a learning-impaired child in the age group of 13-18 years and with a learning impairment that is caused by intrinsic factors. The data was obtained by semi-structured interviews with five fathers, as well as with a group discussion to determine the fathers’ experience of their relationship with their learning-impaired child. A thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data. The elements of qualitative exploratory and explanatory theory served as a broad framework for the study. Findings: The fathers described their relationship with their learning-impaired child as experiencing a lot of frustration and not having a good relationship with their child. Feelings of disappointment were primarily related to the unmet expectations that they had for their children. It seemed that the fathers have not yet accepted the learning disability of their children. A sense of no support from the schools and from the broader community has also led to a negative experience with the learning impairment of the child.