LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The implementation of a community-based aerobic walking program for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: A knowledge translation randomized controlled trial: Part II: Clinical outcomes

BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world, as it is appears to be prevalent among 80% of individuals over the age of 75. Although physical activities such as walking have been scientifically proven to improve physical function and arthritic symptoms, individuals with OA tend to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. There is therefore a need to improve knowledge translation in order to influence individuals to adopt effective self-management interventions, such as an adapted walking program.


METHODS
A single-blind, randomized control trial was conducted. Subjects (n = 222) were randomized to one of three knowledge translation groups: 1) Walking and Behavioural intervention (WB) (18 males, 57 females) which included the supervised community-based aerobic walking program combined with a behavioural intervention and an educational pamphlet on the benefits of walking; 2) Walking intervention (W) (24 males, 57 females) wherein participants only received the supervised community-based aerobic walking program intervention and the educational pamphlet; 3) Self-directed control (C) (32 males, 52 females) wherein participants only received the educational pamphlet. One-way analyses of variance were used to test for differences in quality of life, adherence, confidence, and clinical outcomes among the study groups at each 3 month assessment during the 12-month intervention period and 6-month follow-up period.


RESULTS
The clinical and quality of life outcomes improved among participants in each of the three comparative groups. However, there were few statistically significant differences observed for quality of life and clinical outcomes at long-term measurements at 12-months end of intervention and at 6- months post intervention (18-month follow-up). Outcome results varied among the three groups.


CONCLUSION
The three groups were equivalent when determining the effectiveness of knowledge uptake and improvements in quality of life and other clinical outcomes. OA can be managed through the implementation of a proven effective walking program in existing community-based walking clubs.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials IRSCTNO9193542.
Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of malnutrition in French Comprehensive Cancer Centres

Background:This epidemiological observational study aimed at determining the prevalence of malnutrition in non-selected adults with cancer, to identify risk factors of malnutrition and correlate the results with length of stay and 2-month mortality.Methods:This prospective multicentre 1-day study conducted in 17 French Comprehensive Cancer Centres included 1545 patients. Body mass index (BMI), weight loss (WL) in the past 6 months and age were routinely recorded according to the French national recommendations for hospitalised patients; malnutrition was rated as absent, moderate or severe according to the level of WL and BMI. Age, sex, tumour site, type of hospitalisation and treatment, disease stage, World Health Organisation performance status (PS) and antibiotic therapy were the potential malnutrition risk factors tested. Follow-up at 2 months allowed to determine the correlation with length of stay and mortality.Results:Malnutrition was reported in 30.9% of patients, and was rated as severe in 12.2%. In multivariate analysis, only pre-existing obesity (BMI⩾30), PS ⩾2 and head-and-neck or upper digestive cancers were associated with increased risk of malnutrition. Antibiotics use was significantly higher in malnourished patients (35.5 vs 22.8%; P<0.001). Severe malnutrition was independently associated with mortality. The median length of stay was 19.3±19.4 days for malnourished patients vs 13.3±19.4 days for others (P<0.0001).Conclusion:In French Comprehensive Cancer Centres, one out of three cancer patients are malnourished and this was associated with a longer length of stay. Pre-existing obesity could be identified as a new risk factor for malnutrition in our cancer patient population perhaps because of a misidentification or a delay in nutrition support in this category of patients.
Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population.

OBJECTIVE
To generate normative data for the Verbal Fluency Tests across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate.


METHOD
The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Verbal Fluency Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms.


RESULTS
The final multiple linear regression models for the letter F explained 8-30% of the variance, 7-32% for letter A, 8-32% for the letter S, and 16-43% for the animal category in Verbal Fluency Test scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Verbal Fluency Test, they did not have an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America aiming to create norms for the Verbal Fluency Test; this study will have important outcomes for the future of neuropsychology in the region.
A highly efficient method for extracting FSMs from flattened gate-level netlist

This paper proposes a novel method for extracting Finite State Machines (FSMs) from flattened gate-level netlist. The proposed method which employs a potential state register elimination technique and a two-level FSM separation strategy is highly applicable to control-intensive circuits. The potential state register elimination technique is based on control signal identification whereas the two-level FSM separation strategy is based on enable tree identification and the strongly connected components algorithm. To demonstrate the efficacy and to illustrate the unique features of the proposed FSM extraction method, the Synopsys DesignWare DW8051 microcontroller is used as the benchmark circuit for comparison and simulations. Results show that the proposed method reduces the complexity of the extracted FSMs in terms of number of state registers in an FSM by more than 90% as compared to the reported technique.
The role of radiofrequency ablation for sacroiliac joint pain: a meta-analysis.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an option for those with chronic or refractory sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. The purpose of this critical review is to assess the existing literature and conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of RFA of the SI joint for pain relief at 3 and 6 months' after an RFA procedure. An electronic search of PubMed, OVID, Medline, and CINAHL were conducted with keywords; sacroiliac joint, sacroiliac pain, sacroiliac syndrome, sacroiliac radiofrequency ablation, sacroiliac neurolysis, sacroiliac injection, and low back pain. Articles that addressed RFA of the SI joint were reviewed. Ten articles ranging from inception to January 1, 2010, were found. The main outcome measure was a reduction of pain by ≥50% post-RFA procedure. At 3 months, 7 groups met the criteria and at 6 months, 6 groups met the criteria. A meta-analysis with a forest plot was done at the 3- and 6-month patient follow-up intervals. The associated standard error was calculated for each study group. An overall weighted average with respective standard error was also obtained. A calculation of 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was then derived. A test for heterogeneity, publication bias, and file drawer effect was also done at the 3- and 6-month intervals. At 3 months, a range of 0.538-0.693 was found to have a 95% CI, with a pooled mean of 0.616. At 6 months, a 95% CI of 0.423-0.576 was found, with a pooled mean of 0.499. The meta-analysis demonstrated that RFA is an effective treatment for SI joint pain at 3 months and 6 months. This study is limited by the available literature and lack of randomized controlled trials. Further standardization of RFA lesion techniques needs to be established, coupled with prospective randomized controlled trials.
Information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control

The purpose of this article is to provide a tutorial overview of information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control. Theoretical results regarding consensus-seeking under both time invariant and dynamically changing communication topologies are summarized. Several specific applications of consensus algorithms to multivehicle coordination are described
Academic performance, career potential, creativity, and job performance: can one construct predict them all?

This meta-analysis addresses the question of whether 1 general cognitive ability measure developed for predicting academic performance is valid for predicting performance in both educational and work domains. The validity of the Miller Analogies Test (MAT; W. S. Miller, 1960) for predicting 18 academic and work-related criteria was examined. MAT correlations with other cognitive tests (e.g., Raven's Matrices [J. C. Raven, 1965]; Graduate Record Examinations) also were meta-analyzed. The results indicate that the abilities measured by the MAT are shared with other cognitive ability instruments and that these abilities are generalizably valid predictors of academic and vocational criteria, as well as evaluations of career potential and creativity. These findings contradict the notion that intelligence at work is wholly different from intelligence at school, extending the voluminous literature that supports the broad importance of general cognitive ability (g).
Recurrent Slice Networks for 3D Segmentation of Point Clouds

Point clouds are an efficient data format for 3D data. However, existing 3D segmentation methods for point clouds either do not model local dependencies [21] or require added computations [14, 23]. This work presents a novel 3D segmentation framework, RSNet1, to efficiently model local structures in point clouds. The key component of the RSNet is a lightweight local dependency module. It is a combination of a novel slice pooling layer, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) layers, and a slice unpooling layer. The slice pooling layer is designed to project features of unordered points onto an ordered sequence of feature vectors so that traditional end-to-end learning algorithms (RNNs) can be applied. The performance of RSNet is validated by comprehensive experiments on the S3DIS[1], ScanNet[3], and ShapeNet [34] datasets. In its simplest form, RSNets surpass all previous state-of-the-art methods on these benchmarks. And comparisons against previous state-of-the-art methods [21, 23] demonstrate the efficiency of RSNets.
Information Retrieval - Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
Synovitis and the risk of knee osteoarthritis: the MOST Study.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the independent relation of synovitis with incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) after adjusting for other structural factors known to cause synovitis.


DESIGN
We examined MRIs from knees that developed incident radiographic OA from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and compared these case knees with controls that did not develop OA. We examined baseline MRIs for knees developing OA at any time up to 84 months follow-up. We scored lesions in cartilage, meniscus, bone marrow and synovitis. Synovitis scores were summed (0-9) across three regions, suprapatellar, infrapatellar and intercondylar region, each of which was scored 0-3. After bivariate analyses examining each factor's association with incidence, we carried out multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, BMI, alignment and cartilage and meniscal damage.


RESULTS
We studied 239 case and 731 control knees. In bivariate analyses, cartilage lesions, meniscal damage, synovitis and bone marrow lesions were all risk factors for OA. After multivariable analyses, synovitis was associated with incident OA. A higher synovitis score increased the risk of incident OA (adjusted OR per unit increase 1.1; (95% CI 1.0, 1.2, P = .02)), but increased risk was associated only with synovitis scores of ≥3 (adjusted OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2, 2.1, P = .003).


CONCLUSIONS
Synovitis, especially when there is a substantial volume within the knee, is an independent cause of OA.
Switchable directional scattering of electromagnetic radiation with subwavelength asymmetric silicon dimers

High refractive index dielectric nanoparticles show high promise as a complementary nanophotonics platform due to compared with plasmonic nanostructures low absorption losses and the co-existence of magnetic and electric resonances. Here we explore their use as resonantly enhanced directional scatterers. We theoretically demonstrate that an asymmetric dimer of silicon nanoparticles shows tuneable directional scattering depending on the frequency of excitation. This is due to the interference between electric and magnetic dipoles excited in each nanoparticle, enabling directional control of the scattered light. Interestingly, this control can be achieved regardless of the polarization direction with respect to the dimer axis; however, difference in the polarization can shift the wavelengths at which the directional scattering is achieved. We also explore the application of such an asymmetric nanoantenna as a tuneable routing element in a nanometer scale, suggesting applications in optical nanocircuitry.
A Multiscale Image Representation Using Hierarchical (BV, L2 ) Decompositions

We propose a new multiscale image decomposition which offers a hierarchical, adaptive representation for the different features in general images. The starting point is a variational decomposition of an image, f = u0 + v0, where [u0, v0] is the minimizer of a J-functional, J(f, λ0;X,Y ) = infu+v=f { ‖u‖X + λ0‖v‖pY } . Such minimizers are standard tools for image manipulations (e.g., denoising, deblurring, compression); see, for example, [M. Mumford and J. Shah, Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision Pattern Recognition Conference, San Francisco, CA, 1985] and [L. Rudin, S. Osher, and E. Fatemi, Phys. D, 60 (1992), pp. 259–268]. Here, u0 should capture “essential features” of f which are to be separated from the spurious components absorbed by v0, and λ0 is a fixed threshold which dictates separation of scales. To proceed, we iterate the refinement step [uj+1, vj+1] = arginf J(vj , λ02 j), leading to the hierarchical decomposition, f = ∑k j=0 uj + vk. We focus our attention on the particular case of (X,Y ) = (BV,L2) decomposition. The resulting hierarchical decomposition, f ∼ ∑ j uj , is essentially nonlinear. The questions of convergence, energy decomposition, localization, and adaptivity are discussed. The decomposition is constructed by numerical solution of successive Euler–Lagrange equations. Numerical results illustrate applications of the new decomposition to synthetic and real images. Both greyscale and color images are considered.
The Basic Principles of Empiricism in Literary Theory and Criticism: Sources and contemporary empirical researches

The article deals with the research of the basic principles of empiricism in Reader-response theory within the environment of American and European literary criticism, beginning with I.A. Richards as its important precursor and ending with contemporary empirical researchers (W. van Peer, D.S. Miall & D. Kuiken) as its indirect successors.
A phase I study of the oral combination of CI-994, a putative histone deacetylase inhibitor, and capecitabine.

BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to determine the toxicity profile, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of the putative histone deacetylase inhibitor CI-994 in combination with capecitabine.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-four patients were treated according to three different dosing schemes in which the capecitabine dose was fixed and the CI-994 dose was escalated. Capecitabine was administered in twice daily divided doses, and CI-994 was given as a single daily dose. In schedule A, 26 patients were treated with capecitabine 1650 mg/m2/day and CI-994 for 2 weeks of a 3-week cycle. In schedule B, six patients received capecitabine 1650 mg/m2/day for two 3-week cycles and CI-994 for 5 of 6 weeks. In schedule C, 22 patients were treated with capecitabine 2000 mg/m2/day and CI-994 for 2 of 3 weeks.


RESULTS
At the MTD, the principal dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. The pharmacokinetics of CI-994 were unaltered by capecitabine, and there was no correlation between body surface area and major pharmacokinetic parameters. Platelet count nadir was best predicted by the observed maximal concentration (C(max)) of CI-994.


CONCLUSIONS
The recommended phase II dose is 6 mg/m2 (or 10 mg) of CI-994 in combination with capecitabine 2000 mg/m2/day for 2 weeks of a 3-week cycle.
Trends in pharmacotherapy for neonatal hypotension.

OBJECTIVE
To determine trends in pharmacotherapy for neonatal hypotension in all infants and in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, birth weight 300-1000 g) infants.


STUDY DESIGN
We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database for all infants ≤28 days with a diagnosis code for hypotension that were discharged between January 2001 and December 2012. Patients were excluded if they had complex congenital heart disease or cardiac surgery, sepsis or meningitis, or had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We determined trends in pharmacotherapy for hypotension in all infants and ELBW infants, an especially vulnerable group.


RESULTS
A total of 8019 hypotensive infants met study criteria. The 2 most prescribed medications were dopamine (65.3%) and dobutamine (19.9%). For 1487 hypotensive ELBW infants, the 2 most prescribed medications were dopamine (83.4%) and hydrocortisone (33%). During the study period, the use of dobutamine decreased, and hydrocortisone and vasopressin use increased for all infants and for ELBW infants.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of neonatal hypotension varies widely between institutions and individual practitioners, and pharmacotherapy for neonatal hypotension has changed over the past decade. Although dopamine and dobutamine were the most frequently used agents, their use has declined and the uses of hydrocortisone and vasopressin have increased.
The meaning of anomalous couplings

A prescription is presented for the interpretation of the coefficients in an effective lagrangian in terms of physical mass scales.
Large-Scale Content-Based Matching of MIDI and Audio Files

MIDI files, when paired with corresponding audio recordings, can be used as ground truth for many music information retrieval tasks. We present a system which can efficiently match and align MIDI files to entries in a large corpus of audio content based solely on content, i.e., without using any metadata. The core of our approach is a convolutional network-based cross-modality hashing scheme which transforms feature matrices into sequences of vectors in a common Hamming space. Once represented in this way, we can efficiently perform large-scale dynamic time warping searches to match MIDI data to audio recordings. We evaluate our approach on the task of matching a huge corpus of MIDI files to the Million Song Dataset. 1. TRAINING DATA FOR MIR Central to the task of content-based Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is the curation of ground-truth data for tasks of interest (e.g. timestamped chord labels for automatic chord estimation, beat positions for beat tracking, prominent melody time series for melody extraction, etc.). The quantity and quality of this ground-truth is often instrumental in the success of MIR systems which utilize it as training data. Creating appropriate labels for a recording of a given song by hand typically requires person-hours on the order of the duration of the data, and so training data availability is a frequent bottleneck in content-based MIR tasks. MIDI files that are time-aligned to matching audio can provide ground-truth information [8,25] and can be utilized in score-informed source separation systems [9, 10]. A MIDI file can serve as a timed sequence of note annotations (a “piano roll”). It is much easier to estimate information such as beat locations, chord labels, or predominant melody from these representations than from an audio signal. A number of tools have been developed for inferring this kind of information from MIDI files [6, 7, 17, 19]. Halevy et al. [11] argue that some of the biggest successes in machine learning came about because “...a large training set of the input-output behavior that we seek to automate is available to us in the wild.” The motivation behind c Colin Raffel, Daniel P. W. Ellis. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Attribution: Colin Raffel, Daniel P. W. Ellis. “LargeScale Content-Based Matching of MIDI and Audio Files”, 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, 2015. J/Jerseygi.mid
Immunophysiology of experimental food allergy

Animal models of food allergy have been used to identify mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization to food proteins as well as immunologic mechanisms of adverse reactions to allergen reexposure. To counteract the normal tolerant responses to antigen generated in the gastrointestinal tract, investigators have used mucosal adjuvants or manipulated the mucosal barrier, taken advantage of endogenous adjuvanticity of some food allergens, or bypassed the oral route and sensitized through the skin. Site of antigen uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a critical factor in both sensitization and anaphylaxis, and antigen uptake can be facilitated by immunoglobulin-E (IgE)–antigen complexes binding to CD23 on the epithelial cell surface. Studies on systemic anaphylaxis or local gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy in mice have highlighted the contribution of IgE, mast cells, and pathogenic Th2 lymphocytes in experimental food allergy.
Contemporary Trends of Optimal Evidence-Based Medical Therapy at Discharge for Patients Surviving Acute Myocardial Infarction From the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

BACKGROUND
Temporal trends of evidence-based optimal medical therapy (OMT) at discharge after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been investigated in recent years.


HYPOTHESIS
OMT should have been increased in AMI and gap between guidelines and practices in its use should have been narrowed.


METHODS
We examined discharge medications of 17,578 post-MI patients who had no documented contraindications to antiplatelet agents, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or statins across a 6-year period (divided into subperiods of November 2005 to December 2006 [period 1], 2007 [period 2], 2008 [period 3], 2009 [period 4], 2010 [period 5], and January to June 2011 [period 6]) in the Korean AMI Registry. OMT was defined as use of all 4 indicated medications.


RESULTS
Marked increases in OMT (48.6% to 63.2%) were seen irrespective of age and sex, mainly attributed to marked increases in the use of β-blockers (70.3% to 83.7%) and statins (76.9% to 82.6%) from period 1 to period 6. The gap in use of OMT between men and women narrowed over time between the first and second 3 periods, but not between the young and the elderly. Advanced age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, P = 0.04) was independently associated with underuse of OMT. Adjusted ORs for OMT from period 1 to period 6 were as follows: 1, 1.14 (P = 0.024), 1.21 (P = 0.001), 1.40 (P < 0.001), 1.47 (P < 0.001), and 1.69 (P < 0.001), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite gradual increase in OMT over time, the gap between guidelines and practices in use of OMT continues to exist.