LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Acetogenic fibers reduce fasting glucose turnover but not peripheral insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
The acute ingestion of an acetogenic indigestible carbohydrate (lactulose) increased acetate turnover associated with decreased lipolysis (glycerol turnover) in insulin-resistant patients. It is not known whether a decreased lipolysis by chronic ingestion of acetogenic indigestible carbohydrates or fibers improves glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity.


METHODS
Twenty-one men with metabolic syndrome ingested daily standardized drinks, with or without 28 g acetogenic fibers (acacia gum and pectin), for 5 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover controlled study design. Euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic (EH) clamps coupled with kinetic studies were performed in the fasting state after treatments.


RESULTS
Flatulence was more frequent with fiber treatment. Body weight, lipids as well as acetate and glycerol turnovers were unchanged. Fasting endogenous glucose turnover was improved after fiber treatment (7.9 ± 1.3 μmol kg(-1) min(-1)) compared with control (8.6 ± 1.6 μmol kg(-1) min(-1), P < 0.05). But insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate) during the EH clamp was not different at the end of fiber and control treatments, 3.7 ± 1.8 and 3.8 ± 1.5 mg kg(-1) min(-1), respectively, nor fasting plasma glucose and insulin.


CONCLUSIONS
The chronic ingestion of acacia gum and pectin fibers did not decrease lipolysis but improved fasting endogenous glucose turnover with no effect on peripheral insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients.
Relationship of the zygomatic facial nerve to the retaining ligaments of the face: the Sub-SMAS danger zone.

BACKGROUND
The transition zone between cheek superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and malar SMAS is difficult to raise because of proximity of zygomatic nerve branches. The authors attempted to clarify the three-dimensional anatomy of the retaining ligaments in relation to nerve branches in this area.


METHODS
Facial dissection was performed on 22 cadaver hemifaces. The zygomatic and masseteric retaining ligaments and the zygomatic and buccal facial branches in the area of dissection were identified. Ninety-five percent confidence regions for the locations of the zygomaticus major origin and the main zygomatic retaining ligament and upper masseteric retaining ligament were created.


RESULTS
The distribution, density, and size of the retaining ligaments varied. The main zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments were located at a mean distance of 44.91 ± 9.72 mm and 46.35 ± 8.34 mm from the tragus. An upper zygomatic branch passed between the main zygomatic and the upper masseteric retaining ligaments and was always located deep (4.07 ± 1.29 mm) in the sub-SMAS plane of dissection and passed deep under the upper third of the zygomaticus major muscle. An inferior zygomatic branch passed inferior to the upper masseteric retaining ligament or penetrated its inferior margin (54 percent of cases) and was located more superficially (1.41 ± 0.95 mm), becoming visible just distal to the ligament.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite anatomical variation, the main zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments create a safe passage in between, through which a zygomatic facial branch passes deep. The area of danger is immediately inferomedial to the upper masseteric retaining ligament, where a zygomatic branch becomes superficial and vulnerable.
Anomaly Detection Using Program Control Flow Graph Mining From Execution Logs

We focus on the problem of detecting anomalous run-time behavior of distributed applications from their execution logs. Specifically we mine templates and template sequences from logs to form a control flow graph (cfg) spanning distributed components. This cfg represents the baseline healthy system state and is used to flag deviations from the expected behavior of runtime logs. The novelty in our work stems from the new techniques employed to: (1) overcome the instrumentation requirements or application specific assumptions made in prior log mining approaches, (2) improve the accuracy of mined templates and the cfg in the presence of long parameters and high amount of interleaving respectively, and (3) improve by orders of magnitude the scalability of the cfg mining process in terms of volume of log data that can be processed per day. We evaluate our approach using (a) synthetic log traces and (b) multiple real-world log datasets collected at different layers of application stack. Results demonstrate that our template mining, cfg mining, and anomaly detection algorithms have high accuracy. The distributed implementation of our pipeline is highly scalable and has more than 500 GB/day of log data processing capability even on a 10 low-end VM based (Spark + Hadoop) cluster. We also demonstrate the efficacy of our end-to-end system using a case study with the Openstack VM provisioning system.
Neural Architecture for Temporal Relation Extraction: A Bi-LSTM Approach for Detecting Narrative Containers

We present a neural architecture for containment relation identification between medical events and/or temporal expressions. We experiment on a corpus of deidentified clinical notes in English from the Mayo Clinic, namely the THYME corpus. Our model achieves an F-measure of 0.613 and outperforms the best result reported on this corpus to date.
A new insight into the differences among non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients using the liver disease quality of life instrument (LDQOL).

UNLABELLED
Our aims were to validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Liver Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire instrument (LDQOL1.0) and evaluate this tool in non-cirrhotic patients.


METHODS
The LDQOL1.0 consists of the SF-36 generic measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and 12 disease-specific dimensions for patients with liver disease. The Brazilian Portuguese version instrument was administered to 103 patients with liver disease. Reliability was analyzed by studying the internal consistency of the individual disease- specific dimensions of the LDQOL, as well as by studying the test-retest reliability in a sub-group of 74 patients who completed the questionnaire on two occasions 1 to 2 weeks apart. Validity was analyzed by determining the instrument's ability to discriminate between groups of patients according to severity of the liver disease.


RESULTS
Internal consistency in the disease- specific dimensions was good (CACs 0.66-0.94), as well as test-retest reliability in all dimensions (ICCs of 0.64-0.96) p<0.05. We found statistically significant differences in six domains when compensated cirrhotic patients, Child A, were compared with non-cirrhotic patients. We also found statistically significant differences when we compared cirrhotic patients evaluated assessed by Child-Pugh and Meld classifications. Patients with Child C and Meld>or=15 showed worse quality of life. Moderate ceiling and floor effects were found in some disease-specific dimensions.


IN CONCLUSIONS
the Brazilian Portuguese version of the LDQOL 1.0 is very useful for measuring HRQOL in liver diseases.
RNAi-mediated replacement of morphine with the nonnarcotic alkaloid reticuline in opium poppy

We report on the silencing of codeinone reductase (COR) in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, using a chimeric hairpin RNA construct designed to silence all members of the multigene COR family through RNA interference (RNAi). After gene silencing, the precursor alkaloid (S)-reticuline—seven enzymatic steps upstream of codeinone—accumulated in transgenic plants at the expense of morphine, codeine, oripavine and thebaine. Methylated derivatives of reticuline also accumulated. Analysis verified loss of Cor gene transcript, appearance of 22-mer degradation products and reduction of enzyme activity. The surprising accumulation of (S)-reticuline suggests a feedback mechanism preventing intermediates from general benzylisoquinoline synthesis entering the morphine-specific branch. However transcript levels for seven other enzymes in the pathway, both before and after (S)-reticuline, were unaffected. This is the first report of gene silencing in transgenic opium poppy and of metabolic engineering to cause the high-yield accumulation of the nonnarcotic alkaloid reticuline.
Organization and outcomes of inpatient AIDS care.

OBJECTIVE
To compare differences in AIDS patients' 30-day mortality and satisfaction with care in dedicated AIDS units, scattered-bed units in hospitals with and without dedicated AIDS units, and in magnet hospitals known to provide good nursing care.


METHODS
Data were obtained on 1,205 consecutively admitted patients in 40 units in 20 hospitals and on 820 of their nurses.


RESULTS
Mortality was lower and satisfaction was higher for AIDS patients in dedicated AIDS units and in nursing magnet hospitals. Primary nursing, end-of-life care counseling, and discharge planning were also more common. Higher nurse to patient ratios and AIDS physician specialty services were strongly associated with lower mortality. Patient satisfaction was strongly associated with organizational control of care by bedside nurses. Homosexuals were more likely to be admitted to dedicated AIDS units, which largely explains the under-representation of minorities and women.


CONCLUSIONS
Dedicated AIDS units and magnet hospitals offer important benefits to AIDS patients, including lower odds on dying within 30 days of admission, higher patient satisfaction, and care meeting professional standards. Better nurse staffing, AIDS physician specialty services, and more organizational control by bedside nurses improve patient outcomes.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity in selected seeds and sprouts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of germination on the phenolic acids and flavonoids profile, as well as antioxidant activity (AA), in selected edible seeds of mung beans, radish, broccoli and sunflower. Germination increased the total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) levels, as well as the AA of the seeds, and influenced the profile of free and bound phenolic compounds. Among the samples, mung bean was characterised by lowest levels of TP and TF, as well as AA, evaluated using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Sunflower and radish sprouts were the most rich in phenolic compounds. Insignificant amounts of free phenolic acids were found in the free phenolic acid fraction; alkaline hydrolysis of the seeds and sprouts extracts provided the majority of the phenolic acids. The amounts of free and bound flavonoids were inconsiderable both for seeds and sprouts.
Appropriateness of hydroxyethylcellulose gel as a placebo control in vaginal microbicide trials: a comparison of the two control arms of HPTN 035.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the 2 control arms of HPTN 035 [a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel control arm and a no-gel control arm] to assess the behavioral effects associated with gel use and direct causal effects of the HEC gel on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy, and genital safety.


DESIGN
Randomized trial with 1 blinded (HEC gel) and 1 open-label (no-gel) control arms.


METHODS
HIV-uninfected, sexually active women were randomized into the HEC gel arm (n = 771) and into the no-gel arm (n = 772) in 5 countries. Participants in the HEC gel arm were instructed to insert the study gel intravaginally <1 hour before each vaginal sex act. Data on sexual behavior, adherence, safety, pregnancy, and STIs were collected quarterly for 12-30 months of follow-up.


RESULTS
During follow-up, mean reported condom use in the past week was significantly higher in the no-gel arm (81% versus 70%, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences, after adjusting for this differential condom use, between the 2 arms in the rates of genital safety events, pregnancy outcomes, or STIs, including HIV-1.


CONCLUSIONS
In this large randomized trial, we found no significant differences between the no-gel and HEC gel arms in the rates of genital safety events, pregnancy outcomes, or STIs. These results aid interpretation of the results of previous vaginal microbicide trials that used the HEC gel as a control. The HEC gel is suitable as a control for ongoing and future vaginal microbicide studies.
Training paramedics in focussed echo in life support.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine whether paramedics can be trained to perform and interpret focussed Echo in Life Support (ELS) for the assessment of cardiac movement and the recognition of reversible causes of cardiac arrest.


METHODS
This study is a prospective observational pilot study. Data were collected during a 1-day course training 11 paramedics to perform ELS scans on healthy volunteers. The students were assessed on image acquisition skills and theoretical knowledge (including interpretation). Level 1 ultrasound-trained emergency medicine physicians undertook the training and assessment.


RESULTS
All paramedics could obtain images in the parasternal and subxiphoid views. When performing scans in the 10-s pulse check window, 88% of attempts in both views were successful (subxiphoid mean image quality 3.8 out of 5, parasternal 4.0). Theoretical knowledge improved (mean precourse score 54%, postcourse score 89%; P<0.001). There was no apparent association between theoretical and practical performances. At 10 weeks, theoretical knowledge was nonsignificantly reduced (82%; P=0.13) but less when compared with practical performance (75% subxiphoid success, mean quality 3.0; 25% parasternal success, mean quality 4.0).


CONCLUSION
Paramedics can perform focused ELS, integrate attempts into simulated cardiac arrest scenarios and retain some of this knowledge. Further work is required to assess the feasibility of incorporating this into real-world cardiac arrest management.
Continuous bedside pressure mapping and rates of hospital-associated pressure ulcers in a medical intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND
Critically ill patients are vulnerable to the development of hospital-associated pressure ulcers (HAPUs). Positioning of patients is an essential component of pressure ulcer prevention because it off-loads areas of high pressure. However, the effectiveness of such positioning is debatable. A continuous bedside pressure mapping (CBPM) device can provide real-time feedback of optimal body position though a pressure-sensing mat that displays pressure images at a patient's bedside, allowing off-loading of high-pressure areas and possibly preventing HAPU formation.


METHODS
A prospective controlled study was designed to determine if CBPM would reduce the number of HAPUs in patients treated in our medical intensive care unit. In 2 months, 422 patients were enrolled and assigned to beds equipped with or without a CBPM device. Patients' skin was assessed daily and weekly to determine the presence and progress of HAPUs. All patients were turned every 2 hours. CBPM patients were repositioned to off-load high-pressure points during turning, according to a graphic display. The number of newly formed HAPUs was the primary outcome measured. A χ(2) test was then used to compare the occurrence of HAPUs between groups.


RESULTS
HAPUs developed in 2 of 213 patients in the CBPM group (0.9%; both stage II) compared with 10 of 209 in the control group (4.8%; all stage II; P = .02).


CONCLUSION
Significantly fewer HAPUs occurred in the CBPM group than the control group, indicating the effectiveness of real-time visual feedback in repositioning of patients to prevent the formation of new HAPUs.
Cryptanalysis of the SIMON Family of Block Ciphers

Recently, the U.S National Security Agency has published the specifications of two families of lightweight block ciphers, SIMON and SPECK, on ePrint [2]. The ciphers are developed with optimization towards both hardware and software in mind. While the specification paper discusses design requirements and performance of the presented lightweight ciphers thoroughly, no security assessment is given. This paper is a move towards filling that cryptanalysis gap for the SIMON family of ciphers. We present a series of observations on the presented construction that, in some cases, yield attacks, while in other cases may provide basis of further analysis by the cryptographic community. Specifically, we obtain attacks using classicalas well as truncated differentials. In the former case, we show how the smallest version of SIMON, Simon32/64, exhibits a strong differential effect.
Crustal anatomy of a transform continental margin

Abstract This paper describes new deep Seismic reflection results across the major transform margin southwest of the Grand Banks, off eastern Canada. An interpretation of these results is presented, supplemented with previous Seismic refraction, gravity and magnetic measurements. The results show a fairly sharp transition between oceanic and continental regions at the transform margin. A narrow zone, about 40 km wide, separates the two regions and is interpreted to be a zone in which shearing has destroyed the original fabric of the continental crust. Faults in this region extend throughout the crust and there is some evidence that a major strike-slip fault may extend some tens of kilometres into the upper mantle. Magmatism may have further modified the crust in this shear zone, which is bounded on the oceanic side by a small seamount. The continental crust is thinned by a factor of 3 or more in this zone, which may be due to erosion or to flow in the lower crust during shearing. The oceanic crust does not appear to thin significantly as the transform margin is approached. Crustal-scale dipping reflectors over a confined region below the shelf are interpreted to represent the contact between two Appalachian terranes: the Meguma and Avalon terranes. This supports earlier interpretations of a large magnetic lineament in the region as marking this boundary. These crustal Seismic data crossing a large transform margin are the first of their kind and will help us to constrain evolutionary models of transform margins. The picture they provide is different in many respects from that across rifted margins and similar in others. In some cases it might be difficult to distinguish between these two classes of Atlantic-type margins on the basis of crustal structure.
Reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) for patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers.

BACKGROUND
Behavioral symptoms and caregivers' responses may differ among various ethnic and cultural groups. Therefore it is important to have a reliable instrument to assess behavioral disturbances of dementia in various cultures. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) has been widely used in many countries. To date there has been no reliability study of this instrument in Brazil.


METHODS
The psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the NPI were studied in a sample of 36 Alzheimer's disease (AD) outpatients from southern Brazil. Test-retest, inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were estimated. The profile of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress were also evaluated. The NPI was translated into Portuguese and then back translated to English.


RESULTS
The Brazilian Portuguese version of the NPI showed good inter-rater and test-retest reliability with the coefficients of all scales > 0.85. Internal consistency was also good (Cronbach's alpha 0.70 for total severity and distress). Apathy provided higher NPI scores of total severity and distress.


CONCLUSIONS
This NPI version was found to be a reliable instrument for the evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress due to dementia in AD. The profile of behavioral disturbances was similar to that observed in other countries. Severity of dementia may have biased some caregivers' answers.
Prognostic value of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters in cardiac transplant candidates.

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary hypertension is a contradiction for heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of the study was to examine prognostic significance of pulmonary hemodynamic variables in patients with severe chronic heart failure (HF) considered for HTx.


METHODS
Patients with HF were qualified to HTx in Poland. We measured pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), transpulmonary gradient (TPG), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). We performed biochemical evaluation, 6-min walking test, VO2max. Death or emergency HTx were assumed as the endpoints in the follow-up. Death or any kind of HTx were considered an end of observation. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves (long rank test with strait defined by terciles of analyzed hemodynamic parameters).


RESULTS
Six hundred and fifty-eight patients were qualified to HTx between 2003 and 2007. The mean follow-up: 601 days. 87.8% male. Mean age was under 50, III and IV NYHA class. Mean PASP was 44.3 ± 16.9 mm Hg, TPG 10.0 ± 6.6 mm Hg and PVR 2.9 mm Hg, PCWP20.9 ± 9.3 mm Hg. PASP and PCWP had influence on survival or emergency HTx. There was a significant difference in survival between patients with PCWP > 25 mm Hg and PCWP < 25 mm Hg. The worst prognosis was with PASP higher than 50 mm Hg. One-, two-, and three-year survival was 75%, 58% and 48% compared to patients with PASP < 35 mm Hg (80%, 70%, and 68%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients qualified to HTx, pathological values of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters have a significant influence on survival. The worst prognosis have patients with PASP > 50 mm Hg, and PCWP > 25 mm Hg. Pulmonary hemodynamic parameters are important during allocation process to HTx.
Determinants of antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care services utilization in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION
Utilization of antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care services in Nigeria are poor even by african average.


METHODS
We analysed the 2013 Nigeria DHS to determine factors associated with utilization of these health MCH indicators by employing both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions.


RESULTS
Overall, 54% of women had at least four ANC visits, 37% delivered in health facility and 29% of new born had postnatal care within two of births. Factors that consistently predict the utilization of the three MCH services are maternal and husband's level education, place of residence, wealth level and parity. Antenatal care strongly predicts both health facility delivery (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.99-2.34) and postnatal care utilization (OR = 4.67, 95%CI: 3.95-5.54); while health facility delivery equally predicting postnatal care (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 2.20-2.80).


CONCLUSION
Improving utilization of these three MCH indicators will require targeting women in the rural areas and those with low level of education as well as creating demand for health facility delivery. Improving ANC use by making it available and accessible will have a multiplier effect of improving facility delivery which will lead to improved postnatal care utilization.