LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Assessment of Older Adults With Cancer During Unplanned Hospitalizations: An Opportunity in Disguise.

BACKGROUND
Geriatric assessment (GA) is an important tool for management of older cancer patients; however, GA research has been performed primarily in the outpatient setting. The primary objective of this study was to determine feasibility of GA during an unplanned hospital stay. Secondary objectives were to describe deficits found with GA, to assess whether clinicians recognized and addressed deficits, and to determine 30-day readmission rates.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was designed as an extension of an existing registry, "Carolina Senior: Registry for Older Patients." Inclusion criteria were age 70 and older and biopsy-proven solid tumor, myeloma, or lymphoma. Patients had to complete the GA within 7 days of nonelective admission to University of North Carolina Hospital.


RESULTS
A total of 142 patients were approached, and 90 (63%) consented to participation. All sections of GA had at least an 83% completion rate. Overall, 53% of patients reported problems with physical function, 63% had deficits in instrumental activities of daily living, 34% reported falls, 12% reported depression, 31% had ≥10% weight loss, and 12% had abnormalities in cognition. Physician documentation of each deficit ranged from 20% to 46%. Rates of referrals to allied health professionals were not significantly different between patients with and without deficits. The 30-day readmission rate was 29%.


CONCLUSION
GA was feasible in this population. Hospitalized older cancer patients have high levels of functional and psychosocial deficits; however, clinician recognition and management of deficits were poor. The use of GA instruments to guide referrals to appropriate services is a way to potentially improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.


IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Geriatric assessment (GA) is an important tool in the management of older cancer patients; however, its primary clinical use has been in the outpatient setting. During an unplanned hospitalization, patients are extremely frail and are most likely to benefit from GA. This study demonstrates that hospitalized older adults with cancer have high levels of functional deficits on GA. These deficits are under-recognized and poorly managed by hospital-based clinicians in a tertiary care setting. Incorporation of GA measures during a hospital stay is a way to improve outcomes in this population.
A prospective open trial of guanfacine in children with pervasive developmental disorders.

OBJECTIVE
A common complaint for children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) is hyperactivity. The purpose of this pilot study was to gather preliminary information on the efficacy of guanfacine in children with PDD and hyperactivity.


METHODS
Children with PDD accompanied by hyperactivity entered the open-label trial if there was a recent history of failed treatment with methylphenidate or the child did not improve on methylphenidate in a multisite, placebo-controlled trial.


RESULTS
Children (23 boys and 2 girls) with a mean age of 9.03 (+/-3.14) years entered the open-label trial. After 8 weeks of treatment, the parent-rated Hyperactivity subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) went from a mean of 31.3 (+/-8.89) at baseline to 18.9 (+/-10.37) (effect size = 1.4; p < 0.001). The teacher-rated Hyperactivity subscale decreased from a mean of 29.9 (+/-9.12) at baseline to 22.3 (+/-9.44) (effect size = 0.83; p < 0.01). Twelve children (48%) were rated as Much Improved or Very Much Improved on the Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement. Doses ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/day in two or three divided doses. Common adverse effects included irritability, sedation, sleep disturbance (insomnia or midsleep awakening), and constipation. Irritability led to discontinuation in 3 subjects. There were no significant changes in pulse, blood pressure, or electrocardiogram.


CONCLUSIONS
Guanfacine may be useful for the treatment of hyperactivity in children with PDD. Placebo-controlled studies are needed to guide clinical practice.
Problem Solving and Computational Thinking in a Learning Environment

Computational thinking is a new problem solving method named for its extensive use of computer science techniques. It synthesizes critical thinking and existing knowledge and applies them to solve complex technological problems. The term was coined by J. Wing [1], but the relationship between computational and critical thinking, the two modes of thinking in solving problems, has not been yet clearly established. This paper aims in shedding some light into this relationship. We also present two classroom experiments performed recently at the Graduate Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Patras, Greece. The result of these experiment give a strong indication that the use of computers as a tool for problem solving enhances the students‟ abilities in solving real world problems involving mathematical modelling. This is crossed by earlier findings of other researchers for the problem solving process in general (not only for mathematical problems).
Achieving quality assurance functionality in the food industry using a hybrid case-based reasoning and fuzzy logic approach

Quality control of food inventories in the warehouse is complex as well as challenging due to the fact that food can easily deteriorate. Currently, this difficult storage problem is managed mostly by using a human dependent quality assurance and decision making process. This has however, occasionally led to unimaginative, arduous and inconsistent decisions due to the injection of subjective human intervention into the process. Therefore, it could be said that current practice is not powerful enough to support high-quality inventory management. In this paper, the development of an integrative prototype decision support system, namely, Intelligent Food Quality Assurance System (IFQAS) is described which will assist the process by automating the human based decision making process in the quality control of food storage. The system, which is composed of a Case-based Reasoning (CBR) engine and a Fuzzy rule-based Reasoning (FBR) engine, starts with the receipt of incoming food inventory. With the CBR engine, certain quality assurance operations can be suggested based on the attributes of the food received. Further of this, the FBR engine can make suggestions on the optimal storage conditions of inventory by systematically evaluating the food conditions when the food is receiving. With the assistance of the system, a holistic monitoring in quality control of the receiving operations and the storage conditions of the food in the warehouse can be performed. It provides consistent and systematic Quality Assurance Guidelines for quality control which leads to improvement in the level of customer satisfaction and minimization of the defective rate. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[Difficult airway algorithms and management: question 5. Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation].

O. Langeron *, J.-L. Bourgain , O. Laccoureye , A. Legras , G. Orliaguet e a Département d’anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 47, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France b Département d’anesthésie-réanimation, institut Gustave-Roussy, 39, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France c Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervicofaciale, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université René-Descartes–Paris-V, 75015 Paris, France d Service de réanimation médicale, hôpital Bretonneau, 37000 Tours, France e Département d’anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université René-Descartes–Paris-V, 75015 Paris, France
A study on moral hazard in dentistry: costs of care in the private and the public sector.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs of subsidized care for an adult population provided by private and public sector dentists.


METHODS
A sample of 210 patients was drawn systematically from the waiting list for nonemergency dental treatment in the city of Turku. Questionnaire data covering sociodemographic background, dental care utilization and marginal time cost estimates were combined with data from patient registers on treatment given. Information was available on 104 patients (52 from each of the public and the private sectors).


RESULTS
The overall time taken to provide treatment was 181 days in the public sector and 80 days in the private sector (P<0.002). On average, public sector patients had significantly (P < 0.01) more dental visits (5.33) than private sector patients (3.47), which caused higher visiting fees. In addition, patients in the public sector also had higher other out-of-pocket costs than in the private sector. Those who needed emergency dental treatment during the waiting time for comprehensive care had significantly more costly treatment and higher total costs than the other patients. Overall time required for dental visits significantly increased total costs. The total cost of dental care in the public sector was slightly higher (P<0.05) than in the private sector.


CONCLUSIONS
There is no direct evidence of moral hazard on the provider side from this study. The observed cost differences between the two sectors may indicate that private practitioners could manage their publicly funded patients more quickly than their private paying patients. On the other hand, private dentists providing more treatment per visit could be explained by private dentists providing more than is needed by increasing the content per visit.
Music therapy in moderate and severe dementia of Alzheimer's type: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND
Music therapy is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but although some studies have found it to be helpful, most are small and uncontrolled.


METHODS
This case-control study was carried out by qualified music therapists in two nursing homes and two psychogeriatric wards. The participants were 38 patients with moderate or severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) assigned randomly to a music therapy group and a control group.


RESULTS
The study showed a significant reduction in activity disturbances in the music therapy group during a 6-week period measured with the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). There was also a significant reduction in the sum of scores of activity disturbances, aggressiveness and anxiety. Other symptoms rated by subscales of the BEHAVE-AD did not decrease significantly. Four weeks later the effects had mostly disappeared.


CONCLUSIONS
Music therapy is a safe and effective method for treating agitation and anxiety in moderately severe and severe AD. This is in line with the results of some non-controlled studies on music therapy in dementia.
An artificial bee colony approach for clustering

Clustering is a popular data analysis and data mining technique. In this paper, an artificial bee colony clustering algorithm is presented to optimally partition N objects into K clusters. The Deb’s rules are used to direct the search direction of each candidate. This algorithm has been tested on several well-known real datasets and compared with other popular heuristics algorithm in clustering, such as GA, SA, TS, ACO and the recently proposed K–NM–PSO algorithm. The computational simulations reveal very encouraging results in terms of the quality of solution and the processing time required. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Netflix Prize

In October, 2006 Netflix released a dataset containing 100 million anonymous movie ratings and challenged the data mining, machine learning and computer science communities to develop systems that could beat the accuracy of its recommendation system, Cinematch. We briefly describe the challenge itself, review related work and efforts, and summarize visible progress to date. Other potential uses of the data are outlined, including its application to the KDD Cup 2007.
Application of Computer Vision Technique on Sorting and Grading of Fruits and Vegetables

Coding of pictures for transmission through cables was attempted way back in 1920 (even before the advent of digital computer), but serious attempts for digital image processing commenced in late 60s and early 70s. Importance of computer vision increases due to the fact that vision is one of the most dominant human senses. The use of computer vision for the inspection of fruits and vegetables has increased during recent years. Computer vision technique has been a subject of research and application for more than four decades. This technique is used in many engineering fields such as robotics, industrial image processing, food processing and other fields. Quickness, nondestructive evaluation possibilities, easy procedures for application, quantum of output per unit time are some advantages favouring application of computer vision to engineering problems. Application of computer vision to food processing fields evolved first in 1989 for grain quality inspection [1].
Estimating a Child Sexual abuse prevalence rate for practitioners

................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6 INCIDENCE VERSUS PREVALENCE ......................................................................... 6 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN DETERMINING PREVALENCE .............................. 7 Study’s Definition of Child Sexual Abuse Study’s Methodology of Data Collection Time Period Studied DECLINING CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE RATES ............................................................ 7 REVIEW METHODS ............................................................................................... 9 Literature Review: Prior Meta-analyses Study Selection: Literature Review Data Extraction Table 1: Studies Identified for Review CRITERIA FOR FINAL COHORT ............................................................................. 11 Standards for Inclusion in Final Cohort A Standard for the Definition of Child Sexual Abuse A Standard for Methodology A Standard for the Time Period Studied STUDIES EXCLUDED FROM COHORT ................................................................. 12 Studies Excluded by Definition Studies Excluded by Methodology Studies Excluded Because of Time Period Evaluated Table 2: Studies Excluded from Cohort STUDIES INCLUDED IN THE FINAL COHORT ..................................................... 16 Discussion of Studies Included in Final Cohort Table 3: Studies Included in Final Cohort RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 20 Data Table 4: Results Discussion SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 22 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 23 APPENDIX............................................................................................................ 26 Definitions of Child Sexual Abuse Used by Practitioners Terms of Use
Effects of a school-based intervention on adherence of 7-9-year-olds to food-based dietary guidelines and intake of nutrients.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of a school-based intervention on the diets of 7-9-year-olds.


DESIGN
Dietary intake of children in second and fourth grades was assessed with 3d weighed dietary records in autumn 2006 and autumn 2008, before and after a school-based intervention that started in the middle of second grade, and compared with control schools with no intervention. The diet was evaluated by comparison with food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and reference values for nutrient intake. The intervention aimed at several determinants of intake: knowledge, awareness, preferences/taste, self-efficacy and parental influence. Nutrition education material was developed for the intervention and implemented in collaboration with teachers. The main focus of the intervention was on fruit and vegetable intake as the children's intake was far from meeting the FBDG on fruit and vegetables at baseline.


SETTING
Elementary schools in Reykjavik, Iceland.


SUBJECTS
Complete dietary records were available for 106 children both at baseline and follow-up.


RESULTS
Total fruit and vegetable intake increased by 47 % in the intervention schools (mean: 61.3 (sd 126.4) g/d) and decreased by 27 % in the control schools (mean: 46.5 (sd 105.3) g/d; P < 0.001). The majority of the children in the intervention schools did still not meet the FBDG on fruits and vegetables at follow-up. Fibre intake increased significantly in the intervention schools, as well as that of potassium, magnesium, beta-carotene and vitamin C (borderline).


CONCLUSIONS
The school-based intervention in 7-9-year-olds was effective in increasing fruit and vegetable intake, by 47 % increase from baseline, which was mirrored in nutrient intake.
Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Periodic Water Grating

A reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna using periodic water grating on the top of a grounded glass slab is presented in this letter. A probe-fed unidirectional surface-wave launcher is designed to feed the antenna. Two prototypes of the proposed antenna are fabricated and tested to demonstrate its radiation performance and tuning capability. Measured results of the first static antenna show that a maximum gain of 16 dB, a wide impedance bandwidth (|S11|<;-10 dB) from 4.1 to 6.6 GHz (46.7%), and a large beam-scanning range over the impedance band from the back-fire to nearly broadside direction are obtained. Measured results of the second dynamic antenna show that the beam-pointing angle can be tuned from -32° to 18 ° at 5.5 GHz, while the return loss maintains better than 10 dB.
Cortical dysplastic lesions in children with intractable epilepsy: role of complete resection.

OBJECT
The authors conducted a study to determine seizure-related outcomes in a group of pediatric patients with pathologically proven focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) treated by focal cortical resections and multiple subpial transections (MSTs).


METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients in whom surgery was conducted to treat medically refractory epilepsy secondary to cortical dysplasia between April 1989 and January 2001. Diagnostic studies included preoperative scalp electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) or extraoperative subdural grid EEG monitoring was performed in all patients. Seizure outcome was classified using the Engel scheme. The authors analyzed nine data points and compared these with seizure outcome, including seizure semiology, MR imaging, PET and MEG data, as well as location of resection, intracranial video-EEG findings, MSTs, postresection ECoG data, and histological findings. The authors analyzed data obtained in 39 children in whom the follow-up interval after epilepsy surgery was at least 18 months. Patients had suffered epilepsy for a mean of 7.7 years prior to surgical intervention and their mean age at treatment was 9.6 years (range 2 months-18 years). A good seizure-related outcome was demonstrated in 28 patients (72%), including 21 (54%) who were free of seizures (Engel Class I) and seven (18%) in whom seizures were rare (Engel Class II). In 11 patients seizure-related outcome was less favorable, including six (15%) with worthwhile improvement involving some seizures (Engel Class III) and five (13%) with no postoperative seizure improvement (Engel Class IV). There was no significant correlation between seizure outcome and data related to seizure characteristics, MR imaging, PET scanning, MEG, location of resection, intracranial video-EEG, postresection ECoG, and histological findings. Eight (50%) of 16 patients who underwent MSTs in addition to incomplete resection of FCD experienced a good outcome (Engel Class I and II). Twenty (87%) of 23 patients in whom resection of FCD was complete and in whom MSTs were not performed experienced a good seizure outcome (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Complete resection of FCD results in good seizure outcome in a majority of children. When conducted in conjunction with incomplete cortical resection, MSTs do not improve seizure outcome in patients with FCD. Focal cortical dysplasia located outside of eloquent cortex and complete excision of the lesion are the most important predictors of seizure outcome.
Bilingual Language Switching in Naming : Asymmetrical Costs of Language Selection

In an experimental study of language switching and selection, bilinguals named numerals in either their first or second language unpredictably. Response latencies (RTs) on switch trials (where the response language changed from the previous trial) were slower than on nonswitch trials. As predicted, the language-switching cost was consistently larger when switching to the dominant L 1 from the weaker L2 than vice versa such that, on switch trials, L 1 responses were slower than in L 2. This “paradoxical” asymmetry in the cost of switching languages is explained in terms of differences in relative strength of the bilingual’s two languages and the involuntary persistence of the previous language set across an intended switch of language. Naming in the weaker language, L 2, requires active inhibition or suppression of the stronger competitor language, L 1; the inhibition persists into the following (switch) trial in the form of “negative priming” of the L 1 lexicon as a whole. © 1999 Academic Press
Pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with neutrophil and T-cell infiltration and predicts clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma

Markers of systemic inflammation are correlated with patient survival in various cancers. The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was compared with that of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with glioblastoma. The association of NLR with neutrophil and T- cell infiltration was also explored. A total of 152 patients with glioblastoma were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the survival function of pre-treatment NLR and PLR in these glioblastoma patients. Neutrophil and CD3+ T-cell infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray cores from glioblastomas. Pre-treatment NLR levels were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients (multivariate hazard ratio =1.050; 95 % confidence interval, 1.003–1.100; P = 0.037). Despite the correlation between NLR and PLR (R = 0.509, P < 0.001), NLR was superior to PLR as a prognostic factor. High pre-treatment NLR (≥4 versus < 4) was significantly associated with high neutrophil infiltration and low CD3+ T-cell infiltration into tumors, and predicted poor OS (mean, 10.6 vs. 17.9 months, P < 0.001). Pre-treatment NLR is of prognostic significance independent of MGMT status and is superior to PLR as a prognostic factor. Our results demonstrate a correlation between elevated peripheral blood NLR levels and increased tumor neutrophil infiltration/decreased CD3+ T-cell infiltration.