LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Excited mesons on dynamical clover-Wilson lattices

We present results for masses of excited mesons from dynamical clover-Wilson lattices provided by the CP-PACS collaboration at pion masses down to 500 MeV. Our analysis of the data is based on using a matrix of correlators from various source and sink operators. The spectroscopy results are discussed and compared to experimental values.
Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study.

CONTEXT
Beta-blockers remain underused despite their established utility for improving outcome in heart failure. Concerns that initiation of treatment produces few immediate benefits and may have important risks may be deterring widespread use.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the early effects of the beta-blocker carvedilol in patients with severe heart failure.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from October 28, 1997, to March 20, 2000, at 334 hospital centers in 21 countries among 2289 patients with symptoms of heart failure at rest or with minimal exertion who were clinically euvolemic and had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 25%.


INTERVENTION
Patients were randomly assigned to receive carvedilol, with start dosage of at 3.125 mg twice daily with uptitration to a target dosage of 25 mg twice daily (n = 1156), or placebo (n = 1133), in addition to their usual medications for heart failure.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Death, hospitalization, or permanent withdrawal from study drug, as well as adverse events during the first 8 weeks of treatment.


RESULTS
The carvedilol group experienced no increase in cardiovascular risk but instead had fewer patients who died (19 vs 25; hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-1.35); who died or were hospitalized (134 vs 153; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67-1.07); or who died, were hospitalized, or were permanently withdrawn from treatment (162 vs 188; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.03). These effects were similar in direction and magnitude to those observed during the entire study, and were apparent particularly in the 624 patients with recent or recurrent decompensation or a very depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Differences in favor of carvedilol became apparent as early as 14 to 21 days following initiation of treatment. Worsening heart failure was the only serious adverse event with a frequency greater than 2% and was reported with similar frequency in the placebo and carvedilol groups (6.4% vs 5.1%).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that, in clinically euvolemic patients, the relation of benefit to risk during initiation of treatment with carvedilol is similar to that seen during long-term therapy with the drug. Our findings should provide the reassurance needed to encourage the high levels of use that are warranted by the results of long-term clinical trials.
The marketing of bank risk-management services

This article analyzes the need to reform the structure of bank risk-management services (RMS), including the sale of derivatives. It reviews the contribution derivatives make to corporate financial management and discusses threatened restrictions on bank RMS following large losses reported by corporate clients. The two major weaknesses in RMS are characterized by incentive incompatibility and asymmetric information. Steps are proposed for aligning bank RMS incentives with client objectives. This requires reskilling bank management of RMS consistent with the holistic demands of globalization on corporate operations and strategies. Additional steps are proposed for equalizing buyer-seller information on the risks of opaque derivatives. These steps involve assistance to clients in setting policies leading to position limits and loss tolerances and instituting monitoring and disclosure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Current Research Trends in Electrical Discharge Machining: A Review

EDM is an unconventional electro thermal machining process used for manufacturing geometrically complex or hard material parts that are extremely difficult-to-machine by conventional machining process. The process involves a controlled erosion of electrically conductive materials by the initiation of rapid and repetitive spark discharges between the tool and work piece separated by a small gap of about 0.01 to 0.50. This gap is either flooded or immersed in a dielectric fluid. The controlled pulsing of direct current between the tool and the work piece produces the spark discharge. The EDM process that we know today is a result of various researches carried out over the years. EDM researchers have explored a number of ways to improve the sparking efficiency with various experimental concepts. Despite a range of different approaches, every new research shares the same objectives of achieving high metal removal rate with reduction in tool wear and improved surface quality. This paper reviews the vast array of research work carried out within past decades for the development of EDM. This study is mainly focused on aspects related to surface quality and metal removal rate which are the most important parameters from the point of view of selecting the optimum condition of processes as well as economical aspects. It reports the research trends in EDM.
Machine Learning Algorithms for GeoSpatial Data. Applications and Software Tools

Nowadays machine learning (ML), including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of different architectures and Support Vector Machines (SVM), provides extremely important tools for intelligent geoand environmental data analysis, processing and visualisation. Machine learning is an important complement to the traditional techniques like geostatistics. This paper presents a review of several contemporary applications of ML for geospatial data: regional classification of environmental data, mapping of continuous environmental and pollution data, including the use of automatic algorithms, optimization (design/redesign) of monitoring networks.
Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Negative Findings From a Double-Blind-Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia are resistant to antipsychotic medication in approximately 25% of patients. Treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for refractory AVH has shown varying results. A stimulation protocol using continuous theta burst rTMS (TB-rTMS) showed high efficacy in open label studies. We tested TB-rTMS as a treatment strategy for refractory AVH in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.


METHODS
Seventy-one patients with AVH were randomly allocated to TB-rTMS or placebo treatment. They received 10 TB-rTMS or sham treatments over the left temporoparietal cortex in consecutive days. AVH severity was assessed at baseline, end of treatment and follow-up using the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) and the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS). Other schizophrenia-related symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).


RESULTS
Seven patients dropped out before completing the study. In the remaining 64, AVH improved significantly after treatment in both groups as measured with both PSYRATS and AHRS. PANSS positive and general subscores also decreased, but the negative subscores did not. However, improvement did not differ significantly between the TB-rTMS and the placebo group on any outcome measure.


CONCLUSIONS
Symptom reduction could be achieved in patients with medication-resistant hallucinations, even within 1 week time. However, as both groups showed similar improvement, effects were general (ie, placebo-effects) rather than specific to treatment with continuous TB-rTMS. Our findings highlight the importance of double-blind trials including a sham-control condition to assess efficacy of new treatments such as TMS.
Anatomy and nonsurgical correction of the tear trough deformity.

SUMMARY
The development of dark circles under the eyes is one of the early signs of periorbital aging, lending a fatigued and aged appearance to the face. Loeb, in 1961, used the term "nasojugal groove" to describe the concavity at the border of the eyelid and the cheek medially. Flowers, in 1969, first named this groove the "tear trough." In the present article, the author presents a detailed description of the anatomy and nonsurgical correction of this deformity. Nonsurgical correction of the tear trough deformity with hyaluronic acid is effective and safe and is associated with high patient satisfaction. The procedure offers both an adjunct to surgery and an alternative to it in some patients. It also provides an opportunity for global midfacial volume correction. Careful patient selection and attention to technique will minimize side effects.
Using Eye Movement to Control a Computer: A Design for a Lightweight Electro-Oculogram Electrode Array and Computer Interface

This paper describes a human-computer interface based on electro-oculography (EOG) that allows interaction with a computer using eye movement. The EOG registers the movement of the eye by measuring, through electrodes, the difference of potential between the cornea and the retina. A new pair of EOG glasses have been designed to improve the user's comfort and to remove the manual procedure of placing the EOG electrodes around the user's eye. The interface, which includes the EOG electrodes, uses a new processing algorithm that is able to detect the gaze direction and the blink of the eyes from the EOG signals. The system reliably enabled subjects to control the movement of a dot on a video screen.
Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Auxiliary Deep Generative Models

Abstract Deep generative models based upon continuous variational distributions parameterized by deep networks give state-of-the-art performance. In this paper we propose a framework for extending the latent representation with extra auxiliary variables in order to make the variational distribution more expressive for semi-supervised learning. By utilizing the stochasticity of the auxiliary variable we demonstrate how to train discriminative classifiers resulting in state-of-the-art performance within semi-supervised learning exemplified by an 0.96% error on MNIST using 100 labeled data points. Furthermore we observe empirically that using auxiliary variables increases convergence speed suggesting that less expressive variational distributions, not only lead to looser bounds but also slower model training.
Nestorone®: a progestin with a unique pharmacological profile

Nestorone(R) (Nestorone 16-methylene-17alpha-acetoxy-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), formerly referred to as ST 1435, is a potent progestin when given parenterally via sustained release formulations. The pharmacological profile of Nestorone was compared with that of levonorgestrel and 3-keto-desogestrel by steroid receptor binding studies and by in vivo bioassays in rats and rabbits. 3-Keto-desogestrel showed the highest binding affinity to progesterone receptors (PR) followed by Nestorone, levonorgestrel, and progesterone. The binding affinity of Nestorone to androgen receptors (AR) was 500- to 600-fold less than that of testosterone. However, both levonorgestrel and 3-keto-desogestrel showed significant binding (40 to 70% of testosterone) to AR. None of the progestins bound to estrogen receptors (ER). The progestational activity of Nestorone, levonorgestrel, and progesterone was compared using McPhail index in immature rabbits and pregnancy maintenance and ovulation inhibition tests in rats after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. In all three tests, Nestorone was the most potent progestin. The progestational activity of Nestorone was also compared after oral and s.c. administration in rabbits. The potency of Nestorone was over 100-fold higher upon s.c. administration than via the oral route. The androgenic activity of progestins, based on the stimulation of ventral prostate (androgenic target) and levator ani (anabolic target) growth in castrated immature rats, showed good correlation with their binding affinity to AR. Nestorone showed no androgenic or anabolic activity. Nestorone did not bind to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), whereas both levonorgestrel and 3-keto-desogestrel showed significant binding to SHBG. The estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of Nestorone was investigated in immature ovariectomized rats. In contrast to estradiol and levonorgestrel, Nestorone showed no uterotropic activity in ovariectomized rats. Despite significant binding to glucocorticoid receptors (GR), Nestorone showed no glucocorticoid activity in vivo. It is concluded that a strong progestational activity, combined with lack of androgenic, estrogenic, and glucocorticoid-like activities, confer special advantages to Nestorone for use in contraception and hormone replacement therapy.
Dual-sideband linear FMCW lidar with homodyne detection for application in 3D imaging

Coherent lidar is reported with precision 130um and multi-target resolution 6mm. The system is based on simultaneous modulation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the transmitted optical signal and uses simplified homodyne detection.
Vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia: low levels of 1,25(OH)2 D are associated with disease severity

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D levels and the severity, mortality and microbiological etiology of community-acquired pneumonia.


METHODS
Vitamin D levels (both, the reservoir form 25-OH and the activated form 1,25-OH2) of 300 randomly selected patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to pre-specified pathogens included in the German competence network (CAPNETZ) study were measured. Prior to statistical analysis, values of 25-OH and 1,25-OH2 were power-transformed to achieve parametric distribution. All further analyses were performed with seasonally and age adjusted values.


RESULTS
There was only a modest (Spearman Coefficient 0.38) positive correlation between 25-OH and 1,25-OH2. For 1,25-OH2 but not 25-OH, the general linear model revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum concentration and CURB score (p = 0.011). Liver and respiratory co-morbidity were associated with significantly lower 25-OH values and renal co-morbidity with significantly lower 1,25-OH2 values. No significant differences of 1,25-OH2 or 25-OH between different pathogens (influenza virus, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae) were detected.


CONCLUSION
For 1,25-OH2, we found a significant and independent (controlled for age, season and pathogen) negative correlation to pneumonia severity. Therefore, supplementation of non-activated vitamin D to protect from pneumonia may be non-sufficient in patients that have a decreased capacity to hydroxylate 25-OH to 1,25-OH2.
Women's absenteeism in the popular press: Evidence for a gender-specific absence culture

A B S T R AC T This study explores the societal expectations surrounding women's absenteeism from work by means of a content analysis of newspaper articles that have appeared in the New York Times over the last 100 years. The results suggest that a distinct absence culture exists for women that might legitimize their absenteeism, but might also perpetuate gender stereotypes and lead to gender discrimination.
CPAP versus oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with hypertension, inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces blood pressure, but adherence is often suboptimal, and the benefit beyond management of conventional risk factors is uncertain. Since intermittent hypoxemia may underlie cardiovascular sequelae of sleep apnea, we evaluated the effects of nocturnal supplemental oxygen and CPAP on markers of cardiovascular risk.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in which patients with cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors were recruited from cardiology practices. Patients were screened for obstructive sleep apnea with the use of the Berlin questionnaire, and home sleep testing was used to establish the diagnosis. Participants with an apnea-hypopnea index of 15 to 50 events per hour were randomly assigned to receive education on sleep hygiene and healthy lifestyle alone (the control group) or, in addition to education, either CPAP or nocturnal supplemental oxygen. Cardiovascular risk was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of the study treatment. The primary outcome was 24-hour mean arterial pressure.


RESULTS
Of 318 patients who underwent randomization, 281 (88%) could be evaluated for ambulatory blood pressure at both baseline and follow-up. On average, the 24-hour mean arterial pressure at 12 weeks was lower in the group receiving CPAP than in the control group (-2.4 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.7 to -0.1; P=0.04) or the group receiving supplemental oxygen (-2.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, -5.1 to -0.5; P=0.02). There was no significant difference in the 24-hour mean arterial pressure between the control group and the group receiving oxygen. A sensitivity analysis performed with the use of multiple imputation approaches to assess the effect of missing data did not change the results of the primary analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors, the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with CPAP, but not nocturnal supplemental oxygen, resulted in a significant reduction in blood pressure. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; HeartBEAT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01086800 .).
Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing

Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing
SPRESSO: A Secure, Privacy-Respecting Single Sign-On System for the Web

Single sign-on (SSO) systems, such as OpenID and OAuth, allow web sites, so-called relying parties (RPs), to delegate user authentication to identity providers (IdPs), such as Facebook or Google. These systems are very popular, as they provide a convenient means for users to log in at RPs and move much of the burden of user authentication from RPs to IdPs. There is, however, a downside to current systems, as they do not respect users' privacy: IdPs learn at which RP a user logs in. With one exception, namely Mozilla's BrowserID system (a.k.a. Mozilla Persona), current SSO systems were not even designed with user privacy in mind. Unfortunately, recently discovered attacks, which exploit design flaws of BrowserID, show that BrowserID does not provide user privacy either.
 In this paper, we therefore propose the first privacy-respecting SSO system for the web, called SPRESSO (for Secure Privacy-REspecting Single Sign-On). The system is easy to use, decentralized, and platform independent. It is based solely on standard HTML5 and web features and uses no browser extensions, plug-ins, or other executables.
 Existing SSO systems and the numerous attacks on such systems illustrate that the design of secure SSO systems is highly non-trivial. We therefore also carry out a formal analysis of SPRESSO based on an expressive model of the web in order to formally prove that SPRESSO enjoys strong authentication and privacy properties.
Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of pulmonary metastases from sarcoma: A potential alternative to resection.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Oligometastatic sarcoma pulmonary metastases (PM) are typically treated with resection and/or chemotherapy. We hypothesize that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be an alternative to surgery that can achieve high rates of local control (LC) with limited toxicity.


METHODS
Thirty consecutive sarcoma patients received SBRT to 39 PM's from 2011 to 2015 at two university hospitals to a median dose of 50 Gy in 4-5 fractions with CyberKnife or linear accelerator. Patients underwent CT or PET/CT scans q3 months after SBRT.


RESULTS
77% received prior chemotherapy, 70% had 1-3 prior pulmonary resections, and 26% received prior thoracic radiotherapy. Median lesion size was 2.4 cm (range 0.5-8.1 cm). Median follow-up was 16 and 23 months for patients alive at last follow-up. At 12 and 24 months, LC was 94% and 86%, and OS was 76% and 43%. LC and OS did not differ by SBRT technique, fractionation regimen, lesion location, histology, or size (all P > 0.05). Three developed grade 2 chest-wall toxicity with no other grade ≥2 toxicities.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest series on SBRT for sarcoma PM's and demonstrates that SBRT is well-tolerated with excellent LC across tumor locations and sizes. SBRT should be considered in these patients, and prospective studies are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:65-69. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization in stent implantation by manual thrombus aspiration in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the EXAMINATION trial.

BACKGROUND
Manual thrombus aspiration (TA) is effective to reduce the thrombus burden during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of manual TA on stent implantation during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Population of the EXAMINATION trial (n=1498) was divided into 2 groups according to the use of TA. Immediate angiographic results, primary patient-oriented end point (combination of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and any revascularization) and secondary device-oriented end point (combination of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization), definite/probable stent thrombosis, and major/minor bleeding were evaluated at 2 years. A total of 976 (65.2%) patients were classified into TA group and 522 (34.8%) patients into nonthrombus aspiration group. Manual TA was most frequently used in patients with worse initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow. The TA group received less number of stents implanted (1.35 ± 0.62 versus 1.45 ± 0.71, P = 0.005) with bigger size (3.25 ± 0.44 versus 3.11 ± 0.46 mm, P < 0.001) compared with the nonthrombus aspiration group. A higher rate of direct stenting (69.2% versus 43.3%, P < 0.001) with lower rate of postdilatation (13.0% versus 18.0%, P < 0.009) was also present in the TA group compared with the nonthrombus aspiration group. At 2-year follow-up, no differences in clinical end point were observed between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Manual TA during primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with a higher rate of direct stenting, a lower rate of postdilatation, and larger and less stents in comparison with conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Conversely, manual TA had no apparent impact on clinical outcomes at long-term follow-up.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00828087.
Archaeology as political action

List of Illustrations Preface Introduction 1. Politics 2. Praxis 3. Class 4. Mexico 5. Ludlow Conclusion References Index
Consistency Tradeoffs in Modern Distributed Database System Design: CAP is Only Part of the Story

The CAP theorem's impact on modern distributed database system design is more limited than is often perceived. Another tradeoff-between consistency and latency -has had a more direct influence on several well-known DDBSs. A proposed new formulation, PACELC, unifies this tradeoff with CAP.