LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Large Antenna Array for Ka-Band Satcom-on-the-Move Applications—Accurate Modeling and Experimental Characterization

We present the accurate modeling and analysis, followed by experimental validation, of a 1024-element (64-by-16) antenna array. This fixed-beam array radiates linear polarization in Ka-band (19.7–20.2 GHz). It acts as a first step in the design and modeling of future antenna arrays for satcom-on-the-move applications. Accurate prediction of the behavior of such a large array is a challenging task since full-wave simulation of the entire structure cannot be considered. By taking advantage of existing formalisms on periodic arrays and by using appropriate methods to efficiently exploit such formulations, it is possible to accurately define the performances of all building blocks, from the feeding circuits to the radiating elements, over a frequency range. Such a detailed design also allows an accurate physical analysis. It has been successfully used to guarantee the measured performances. This paper is intended to detail different steps to antenna designers.
Perceptions of wellness to monitor adaptive responses to training and competition in elite Australian football.

Perceptions of wellness are often used by athletes and coaches to assess adaptive responses to training. The purpose of this research was to describe how players were coping with the demands of elite level Australian football over a competitive season using subjective ratings of physical and psychological wellness and to assess the ecological validity of such a monitoring approach. Twenty-seven players completed ratings for 9 items (fatigue, general muscle, hamstring, quadriceps, pain/stiffness, power, sleep quality, stress, well-being). Players subjectively rated each item as they arrived at the training or competition venue on a 1-5 visual analog scale, with 1 representing the positive end of the continuum. A total of 2,583 questionnaires were analyzed from completions on 183 days throughout the season (92 ± 24 per player, 103 ± 20 per week; mean ± SD). Descriptive statistics and multilevel modelling were used to understand how player ratings of wellness varied over the season and during the week leading into game day and whether selected player characteristics moderated these relationships. Results indicated that subjective ratings of physical and psychological wellness were sensitive to weekly training manipulations (i.e., improve steadily throughout the week to a game day low, p < 0.001), to periods of unloading during the season (i.e., a week of no competition, p < 0.05) and to individual player characteristics (e.g., muscle strain after a game was poorer in players with high maximum speed, p < 0.01). It is concluded that self-reported player ratings of wellness provide a useful tool for coaches and practitioners to monitor player responses to the rigorous demands of training, competition, and life as a professional athlete.
Determinants of E-Commerce Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty in Saudi Arabia

Managing customer trust, satisfaction, and loyalty attitudes of e-commerce services is very important for the long-term growth of many businesses. Previous research has shown that e-retailers experience difficulty maintaining customer loyalty despite the recent rapid growth in Business to Customer (B2C) e-commerce applications. Numerous studies have empirically examined B2C e-commerce customer trust, satisfaction, and loyalty attitudes in various countries. Nevertheless, empirical research on these key constructs of e-commerce in developing Arab countries is generally limited. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the extent to which Saudi consumers trust, are satisfied with, and are loyal towards B2C e-commerce. This study draws on previous research to build a conceptual framework which hypothesizes relationships between these three ecommerce constructs and their antecedents. A survey was conducted among B2C e-commerce customers in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The findings of this study show that B2C e-commerce customer loyalty in Saudi Arabia is strongly influenced by customer satisfaction but weakly influenced by customer trust. The study limitations, implications, along with directions for further research are discussed.
A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems

This paper reviews the state of the art in cyber security risk assessment of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. We select and in-detail examine twenty-four risk assessment methods developed for or applied in the context of a SCADA system. We describe the essence of the methods and then analyse them in terms of aim; application domain; the stages of risk management addressed; key risk management concepts covered; impact measurement; sources of probabilistic data; evaluation and tool support. Based on the analysis, we suggest an intuitive scheme for the categorisation of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems. We also outline five research challenges facing the domain and point out the approaches that might be taken. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Self-monitoring of physical activity: effects on self-efficacy and behavior in people with type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of keeping daily activity records on physical activity levels and self-efficacy for physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes, and to examine the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention from the perspective of the participants.


METHODS
This intervention study included 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned: individuals in the intervention group kept daily activity records for 6 weeks, mailed to the researcher every 2 weeks. Data collection was completed at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks later, using the habitual physical activity index and the self-efficacy for exercise scale. Participants in the intervention group also completed the perceived feasibility checklist.


RESULTS
The intervention resulted in enhanced self-efficacy. Physical activity improved in both the intervention and control groups. Activity recording was judged to be acceptable and feasible.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily activity recording can be used as part of a program to increase physical activity self-efficacy levels. Focused interactions between health care providers and patients may be enough to motivate people to higher levels of physical activity. The relationship between self-efficacy and behavior is complex and should be the subject of further research.
Decreased percentage of CD4+FoxP3+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage from lung transplant recipients correlates with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Lung transplantation, in patients with end-stage lung disease, is limited by chronic rejection, which occurs with an incidence and severity exceeding most other transplanted organs. Alloimmune responses play an important role in progression to chronic rejection that manifests as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), but no biomarker can currently predict the progression to BOS. Studies in animal models suggest that intragraft T regulatory cells (Tregs) are important in maintaining transplantation tolerance, and FoxP3 is the protoypic Treg marker.


METHODS
Leukocytes in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were compared for expression of FoxP3 by flow cytometry in 14 stable lung transplant recipients and 6 lung transplant recipients who eventually developed BOS.


RESULTS
Stable patients, compared with patients who subsequently developed BOS, consistently had a significantly increased percentage of FoxP3 cells among CD4 cells in BAL and greater levels of the Treg-attracting chemokine CCL22. These differences were observed in limited sequential analyses, before, at the time of acute rejection, and postacute rejection. In this pilot study, a threshold of 3.2% CD4/FoxP3 cells in the BAL distinguished stable recipients from those subsequently developing BOS within the first 2 years posttransplantation.


CONCLUSION
The proportion of FoxP3 cells among CD4 cells in BAL may help to predict lung allograft outcome and guide therapeutic immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients.
2 . 2 . 2 Origin and State of Soil Enzymes

Enzymes are the vital activators in life processes, likewise in the soil they are known to play a substantial role in maintaining soil health and its environment. The enzymatic activity in the soil is mainly of microbial origin, being derived from intracellular, cell-associated or free enzymes. A unique balance of chemical, physical, and biological (including microbial especially enzyme activities) components contribute to maintaining soil health. Evaluation of soil health therefore requires indicators of all these components. Healthy soils are essential for the integrity of terrestrial ecosystems to remain intact or to recover from disturbances, such as drought, climate change, pest infestation, pollution, and human exploitation including agriculture (Ellert et al. 1997). Deterioration of soil, and thereby soil health, is of concern for human, animal, and plant health because air, groundwater, and surface water consumed by humans, can be adversely affected by mismanaged and contaminated soil (Singer and Ewing 2000). As soil is the part of the terrestrial environment and supports all terrestrial life forms, protection of soil is therefore of high priority and a thorough understanding of soil enzymes activities is a critical factor in assuring that soil remains healthy. A better understanding of the role of this soil enzymes activity in maintaining the soil health will potentially provide a unique opportunity for an integrated biological assessment of soils due to their crucial role in several soil biological activities, their ease of measurement, and their rapid response to changes in soil management. Although there have been extensive studies on soil enzymes, little has been reported on their roles in maintaining soil health. Thus, it is authoritative to
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation

The concept of ‘sleeping on a problem’ is familiar to most of us. But with myriad stages of sleep, forms of memory and processes of memory encoding and consolidation, sorting out how sleep contributes to memory has been anything but straightforward. Nevertheless, converging evidence, from the molecular to the phenomenological, leaves little doubt that offline memory reprocessing during sleep is an important component of how our memories are formed and ultimately shaped.
Predictive Factors for a Kyphosis Recurrence Following Short-Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation Including Fractured Vertebral Body in Unstable Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

OBJECTIVE
The technique of short segment pedicle screw fixation (SSPSF) has been widely used for stabilization in thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBFs), but some studies reported high rate of kyphosis recurrence or hardware failure. This study was to evaluate the results of SSPSF including fractured level and to find the risk factors concerned with the kyphosis recurrence in TLBFs.


METHODS
This study included 42 patients, including 25 males and 17 females, who underwent SSPSF for stabilization of TLBFs between January 2003 and December 2010. For radiologic assessments, Cobb angle (CA), vertebral wedge angle (VWA), vertebral body compression ratio (VBCR), and difference between VWA and Cobb angle (DbVC) were measured. The relationships between kyphosis recurrence and radiologic parameters or demographic features were investigated. Frankel classification and low back outcome score (LBOS) were used for assessment of clinical outcomes.


RESULTS
The mean follow-up period was 38.6 months. CA, VWA, and VBCR were improved after SSPSF, and these parameters were well maintained at the final follow-up with minimal degree of correction loss. Kyphosis recurrence showed a significant increase in patients with Denis burst type A, load-sharing classification (LSC) score >6 or DbVC >6 (p<0.05). There were no patients who worsened to clinical outcome, and there was no significant correlation between kyphosis recurrence and clinical outcome in this series.


CONCLUSION
SSPSF including the fractured vertebra is an effective surgical method for restoration and maintenance of vertebral column stability in TLBFs. However, kyphosis recurrence was significantly associated with Denis burst type A fracture, LSC score >6, or DbVC >6.
G-CSF in patients suffering from late revascularised ST elevation myocardial infarction: final 1-year-results of the G-CSF-STEMI Trial.

AIMS
The aims of this trial were to investigate the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on left-ventricular ejection fraction and event-free survival in patients suffering from sub-acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).


METHODS
We enrolled 44 patients suffering from sub-acute STEMI with late revascularization achieved by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were randomized to receive either G-CSF (Filgrastim) at a dose of 10 μg/kg body weight/day subcutaneously or placebo. Changes of global and regional cardiac function from baseline (1 week after PCI) over 1 and 3 months to 12 months of follow-up were analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging.


RESULTS
Ejection fraction improved in G-CSF treated patients from 41.1±11.9% to 47.1±11.9% (3 months) and decreased slightly to 45.7±15.1% after 1 year. Ejection fraction also improved in the placebo group from 43.8±9.0% to 49.5±11.8% (3 months) and decreased slightly to 42.9±15.4% after 1 year (1 year MRI follow-up was performed in 23 out initial 44 patients). There was no significant difference between the two groups at any time point. Other parameters such as infarct size, myocardial perfusion, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were not different between the two groups. Event-free survival of such as death, (re) myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndromes, coronary artery bypass grafting and target lesion revascularization was not significantly different between both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
G-CSF administration after sub-acute STEMI is feasible and safe but does not improve myocardial function or survival when used as a single substance.
Genetic optimization of modular neural networks with fuzzy response integration for human recognition

In this paper we propose a new approach to genetic optimization of modular neural networks with fuzzy response integration. The architecture of the modular neural network and the structure of the fuzzy system (for response integration) are designed using genetic algorithms. The proposed methodology is applied to the case of human recognition based on three biometric measures, namely iris, ear, and voice. Experimental results show that optimal modular neural networks can be designed with the use of genetic algorithms and as a consequence the recognition rates of such networks can be improved significantly. In the case of optimization of the fuzzy system for response integration, the genetic algorithm not only adjusts the number of membership functions and rules, but also allows the variation on the type of logic (type-1 or type-2) and the change in the inference model (switching to Mamdani model or Sugeno model). Another interesting finding of this work is that when human recognition is performed under noisy conditions, the response integrators of the modular networks constructed by the genetic algorithm are found to be optimal when using type-2 fuzzy logic. This could have been expected as there has been experimental evidence from previous works that type-2 fuzzy logic is better suited to model higher levels of uncertainty. 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An Adaptive Analog Circuit for LVDT’s Nanometer Measurement Without Losing Sensitivity and Range

A self-adaptive circuit for the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) has been developed to enhance its nanometer measurement range without loss resolution. By applying a fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative controlled programmable gain amplifier array to produce a reference signal, which can adjust itself according to LVDT's core position, the conditioning circuit has ensured the signal to analog-to-digital converter varying in a very small interval over full-scale operating range. Thus, the sensitivity of the measurement system can be improved without losing measurement range. The simulation result demonstrated that the proposed circuit has solved the contradiction between resolution and range, which usually occurs in weak signal detection. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio has been ameliorated greatly. Additionally, the DSP-based signal conditioner, which utilizes the self-adaptive circuit, demonstrates the performance of the novel design and nanometer precision is obtained in a wide range.
Generating Guitar Tablatures with Neural Networks

In contemporary guitar music, guitar tablatures represent an efficient way of writing down playing instructions for a guitarist. Contrary to classical sheet music notation, tablatures describe one distinct, ideally easy way of playing a melody. This makes tablatures an effective and intuitive notation system, but makes transcribing sheet music to a suitable tablature a tedious task requiring expert knowledge. The project at hand aims to automate this procedure and predict the optimal tablature for any input melody. We show two different approaches, both based on Machine Learning: In our first approach, guitar frettings are directly predicted based on previously played frettings. This is accomplished by a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network, enhanced by a notion of intention of the musical outcome. Our second approach predicts the difficulty of a fretting in terms of a cost function, rather than predicting the ideal fretting directly. The cost function is based on conditional probabilities in the training data and estimated by a Feed-forward Neural Network. The agreement between our best approach and published tablature is measured at 72.9% median validation accuracy, higher than what we achieve by applying a heuristic similar to previous approaches. Subjective evaluation shows that all generated tablatures are playable and that in many cases, divergence from the published tablature is well justified.
Modelling the statistical dependence of rainfall event variables through copula functions

In many hydrological models, such as those derived by analytical probabilistic methods, the precipitation stochastic process is represented by means of individual storm random variables which are supposed to be independent of each other. However, several proposals were advanced to develop joint probability distributions able to account for the observed statistical dependence. The traditional technique of the multivariate statistics is nevertheless affected by several drawbacks, whose most evident issue is the unavoidable subordination of the dependence structure assessment to the marginal distribution fitting. Conversely, the copula approach can overcome this limitation, by dividing the problem in two distinct parts. Furthermore, goodnessof-fit tests were recently made available and a significant improvement in the function selection reliability has been achieved. Herein the dependence structure of the rainfall event volume, the wet weather duration and the interevent time is assessed and verified by test statistics with respect to three long time series recorded in different Italian climates. Paired analyses revealed a non negligible dependence between volume and duration, while the interevent period proved to be substantially independent of the other variables. A unique copula model seems to be suitable for representing this dependence structure, despite the sensitivity demonstrated by its parameter towards the threshold utilized in the procedure for extracting the independent events. The joint probability function was finally developed by adopting a Weibull model for the marginal distributions. Correspondence to: M. Balistrocchi (matteo.balistrocchi@unibs.it)
Study and design of Nojima origami conical spiral antenna

A parametric study of the Nojima wrap pattern geometry is performed. Design formulas for Nojima origami conical spiral antenna (CSA) are derived. The formulas can be used to produce the properties of the morphing CSA.
The Namche Barwa syntaxis: evidence for exhumation related to compressional crustal folding

Abstract Geological observation in the eastern end of the Himalayas shows that the Asia/India suture is folded and continues southward into India and Burma where the continuation of the Transhimalayan plutonic complex can be identified. Metamorphic rocks derived from India occur structurally below the suture, in the core of a regional antiform. Isotopic and fission track dating are consistent with the geological interpretation. In addition, they establish cooling exhumation of rocks from c . 30 km depth within the last 4 Ma. Rapid exhumation of deep crustal levels in mountain systems is generally related to extension subsequent to thermal softening of a thickened continental lithosphere. However, in the Eastern Himalayas, we argue that exhumation is caused by c . 10 mm yr −1 erosion coeval with crustal scale folding. The general history of this syntaxis resembles the evolution of the western Himalayas syntaxis in Pakistan.
Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams

We propose a novel method to efficiently produce light beams with radial, azimuthal, and hybrid polarization, through a few-mode fiber excited by a Laguerre–Gaussian beam. With different input polarization we can selectively excite different combinations of modes from the LP11 group. We propose to show how to transform the output beam into a cylindrical vector beam in free-space through various polarization transformations. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 42.25.Bs; 42.81.Qb; 42.25.Ja; 32.80.Pj
GPS/DR integrated navigation system based on adaptive robust Kalman filtering

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has had the most widespread use in the vehicle integrated GPS/DR navigation system. The detecting and controlling of the measurement outliers and kinematic state disturbing are very important to improving the quality of kinematic navigation and positioning. However, classical EKF isn't very effective to deal with the influences of measurement outliers and kinematic state disturbing. GPS/DR integrated navigation system state equation, measurement equation and a kind of integrated navigation filter are introduced in the article. The Adaptive Robust extended Kalman filter is used instead of the classical EKF to deal with the observations of GPS/DR integrated navigation field experimentation. It is shown, by GPS/DR integrated navigation field experimentation, the new algorithm can not only improve the filtering estimation accuracy, but also control the influences of measurement outliers and the disturbances of the dynamical model. The new algorithm gives more actual and reliable parameter estimates of the maneuvering vehicles.