LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intensive care unit surveillance of influenza infection in France: the 2009/10 pandemic and the three subsequent seasons.

During the 2009/10 pandemic, a national surveillance system for severe influenza cases was set up in France. We present results from the system's first four years. All severe influenza cases admitted to intensive care units (ICU) were reported to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire using a standardised form: data on demographics, immunisation and virological status, risk factors, severity (e.g. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) onset, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal life support) and outcome. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ARDS and death. The number of confirmed influenza cases varied from 1,210 in 2009/10 to 321 in 2011/12. Most ICU patients were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09, except during the 2011/12 winter season when A(H3N2)-related infections predominated. Patients' characteristics varied according to the predominant strain. Based on multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with death were age ≥ 65 years, patients with any of the usual recommended indications for vaccination and clinical severity. ARDS occurred more frequently in patients who were middle-aged (36-55 years), pregnant, obese, or infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. Female sex and influenza vaccination were protective. These data confirm the persistent virulence of A(H1N1)pdm09 after the pandemic and the heterogeneity of influenza seasons, and reinforce the need for surveillance of severe influenza cases.
Design of Pneumatic Exoskeleton using Artificial Muscles

This work presents the design of exoskeleton made up of mechanical links and control by mechatronics system using Artificial Pneumatic Muscles (PAM). Exoskeleton could be regarded as wearable robots: A wearable robot is a mechatronic system that is designed around the shape and function of the human body, with segments and joints corresponding to those of the person it is externally coupled with. Robotic exoskeleton systems are one of the highly active areas in recent robotic research. These systems have been developed significantly to be used for the human power augmentation, robotic rehabilitation, human power assist and haptic interaction in virtual reality. The upper extremity presented here will help to increase the strength of human which will help to lift the load more easily than human can with biological muscles. In this, Air Muscle is used as the analogy of the biological motor for lifting the load. It has advantages like the passive damping, good power-weight ratio and usage in rough environments. This paper gives the characteristics, design, working of Exoskeleton along with Air Muscle in terms of contraction with variation of pressure at different loads and also in terms of volume of air trapped in it with variation in pressure at different load. Keywords— Pneumatic Exoskeleton, Design, Analysis, Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAM), Working, Control.
Rates of mantle cooling and exhumation during rifting constrained by REE-in-pyroxene speedometry: SLOW MANTLE COOLING DURING RIFTING

Ocean basins are formed when continents are broken apart. Adiabatic melt generation that is driven by rifting of continental lithosphere is strongly dependent on the rate of extension. Slow extension results in conductive heat loss from the upwelling mantle, whereas cooling is limited during fast extension and can result in the geotherm intersecting the peridotite solidus. However, there are few direct constraints on the rates of mantle upwelling during extension of continental lithosphere. Here we use diffusion modeling of subsolidus REE re-equilibration between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene to show that the Lanzo peridotite massif—lithospheric mantle exhumed during opening of the Ligurian Tethys—cooled at rates between 5 and 258C/Myr across the spinel-to-plagioclase peridotite facies transition. We show that these rates are sufficiently slow to suppress significant adiabatic melt generation, providing an explanation for the magma-poor nature of the Alpine Tethys margin.
The economic and workload impact of 'backdoor' prostate-specific antigen screening on the UK National Health Service: a single-centre experience.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the economic burden and additional cost on one hospital within the UK National Health Service secondary to prostate-specific antigen screening by a private recruitment company for a clinical drug trial.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data were reviewed from all patients who were excluded from the trial and referred across by the recruitment company between May 2004 and April 2005. The additional cost for all their investigation and treatment was calculated.


RESULTS
There were 87 interventional procedures (transrectal prostate biopsy, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy), 27 diagnostic scans (magnetic resonance Imaging and bone scan) and 240 additional outpatient visits (new and follow-up) over the 1-year period. The calculated cost was approximately pound 271 500.


CONCLUSION
This study highlights the significant increase in the workload and financial burden in one centre within the UK National Health Service. Many other hospitals are likely to be in a similar situation and the total cost to the health service will be much greater.
A Detailed Qualitative Model for the Programming Physics of Silicided Polysilicon Fuses

This paper presents a detailed qualitative model for the programming physics of 90-nm silicided polysilicon fuses that is derived from a wide range of measurement data. These insights have led to a programming time of 100 ns, while achieving a resistance increase of times. This is an order of magnitude better than any previously published result for the programming time and resistance increase individually. Simple calculations and TEM-analyses substantiate the proposed programming mechanism. The insights explain the importance of the falling edge of the programming pulse. The advantage of a rectangular fuse head over a tapered fuse head is shown and explained. Polysilicon doping type is shown to have little influence on the programming result. Finally, the stability of fuses programmed with this method is shown to be very high. This paper is an extended version of a work published previously and provides a more detailed description of the programming physics, additional insight into the influence of the edges of the programming pulse, the effect of doping and the stability of the devices after programming.
Labor supply of New York City cabdrivers : One day at a time . Labor Supply of New York City Cabdrivers : One Day at a Time

Life-cycle models of labor supply predict a positive relationship between hours supplied and transitory changes in wages. We tested this prediction   
Risk Factors for Early-Onset and Late-Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asian Immigrants With Hepatitis B in the United States

OBJECTIVES:Routine screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recommended in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients with cirrhosis and select non-cirrhotic HBV populations including Asian males ages 40 and older and females ages 50 and older. However, many younger HBV patients develop HCC and there have been few studies examining this group. Additionally, studies of HCC in the Asian immigrant population in the United States have been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the associated risk factors for the development of early-onset (males and females under ages 40 and 50, respectively) and late-onset HCC in immigrants with chronic HBV in the United States.METHODS:Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were retrospectively collected on all Asian immigrants with HBV at Bellevue Hospital Center from 2003 to 2009. Patients with HCC were identified within this cohort. Features of early-onset and late-onset HCC cases were compared with age-matched HBV controls without HCC.RESULTS:We identified 168 cases of HCC in Asians with HBV. In all, 74% (124/168) of cases were late-onset, and 26% (44/168) were early-onset. When comparing the 124 late-onset HCC cases with 199 age-matched HBV controls, gender (odds ratio (OR)=4.4; P<0.05) and cirrhosis (OR=9.6; P<0.05) or surrogate labs (i.e., platelets, international normalized ratio, total bilirubin, albumin) were found to be associated with HCC development. When comparing the 44 early-onset HCC cases with 432 age-matched HBV controls, family history of HCC (OR=2.7; P<0.05), and smoking history (OR=3.4; P<0.05) were independently associated risk factors in addition to gender (OR=2.7; P<0.05), and cirrhosis (OR=19.5; P<0.05) or surrogate labs. In all, 54.8% of late-onset HCC cases were cirrhotic and 29.5% of early-onset HCC cases were cirrhotic.CONCLUSIONS:HCC occurs in Asian immigrant HBV patients younger than currently recommended screening guidelines. A large majority of these early-onset patients did not have cirrhosis at the time of their HCC diagnosis; therefore, factors other than cirrhosis need to be considered when evaluating HCC risk in young patients. Factors associated with HCC development across all ages include cirrhosis and male gender, while family history and smoking history may identify younger Asian immigrant HBV patients at risk for HCC. Prospective validation, including cost-effectiveness evaluation, is necessary, but our results suggest that younger Asian HBV patients, especially those with a smoking history or family history of HCC, appear to have an increased risk for HCC and should be considered for enrollment in early screening programs regardless of their age.
Social Geographies of Education: Looking Within, and Beyond, School Boundaries

Schools have received less attention from geographers than institutions such as the clinic and the hospital – despite the fact that, for most people, encounters with sites of medicine are rarer than encounters with sites of education. Indeed, schools are central to the geographies of children and young people, and to the organization of much family life. Moreover, they play a central role in shaping social identities. In this article, we provide an introduction to, and review of, the literature that takes seriously the sociospatial dimensions of schooling. Our discussion is organized around two central themes: first, the organization of school space, and the ways in which it is implicated in issues of power, and the reproduction of preferred identities; second, the linkages between schools and broader communities, and what these tell us about the values and aspirations attached to schooling. In both respects, we suggest, schools are places of considerable social and political significance.
Interobserver Variation Study of the Rutgeerts Score to Assess Endoscopic Recurrence after Surgery for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND
After resection surgery for Crohn's disease, recurrence of endoscopic lesions at the site of the anastomosis or in the neoterminal ileum is graded according to the Rutgeerts score (RS). The goal of this study was to test the interobserver variability for RS.


METHODS
Thirteen trained endoscopists evaluated the RS on 39 videotapes of patients who had undergone resection for Crohn's disease with an ileocolonic anastomosis 6 months earlier. Videotapes were randomly assigned to endoscopists through a balanced incomplete block design. Each videotape was scored independently by four endoscopists, and each endoscopist evaluated 12 videotapes, making a total of 156 videotape assessments. Reproducibility levels of the RS were assessed through unweighted kappa estimates among multiple raters. The proportion of inappropriate therapeutic initiation was estimated by randomly selecting one endoscopist for each videorecording, assuming that the majority of endoscopists correctly classified endoscopic recurrence.


RESULTS
The kappa estimates were 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.52) for the RS on a 5-grade scale, 0.47 (0.28-0.66) for RS < i2 vs. ≥ i2, and 0.64 (0.42-0.85) for RS ≤ i2 vs. > i2. The percentages of inappropriate therapeutic initiation were 12.8% (3.8-21.9) when initiation was triggered by a RS ≥ i2 and 8.3% (1.1-15.6) when initiation was triggered by a RS > i2 (p = 0.41).


CONCLUSION
The reproducibility of the RS was moderate, especially when differentiating 10% of patients.
Corpus callosum abnormalities in psychopathic antisocial individuals.

CONTEXT
Psychopathic antisocial individuals have previously been characterized by abnormal interhemispheric processing and callosal functioning, but there have been no studies on the structural characteristics of the corpus callosum in this group.


OBJECTIVES
To assess whether (1) psychopathic individuals with antisocial personality disorder show structural and functional impairments in the corpus callosum, (2) group differences are mirrored by correlations between dimensional measures of callosal structure and psychopathy, (3) callosal abnormalities are associated with affective deficits, and (4) callosal abnormalities are independent of psychosocial deficits.


DESIGN
Case-control study.


SETTING
Community sample.


PARTICIPANTS
Fifteen men with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathy scores and 25 matched controls, all from a larger sample of 83 community volunteers.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of the corpus callosum (volume estimate of callosal white matter, thickness, length, and genu and splenium area), functional callosal measures (2 divided visual field tasks), electrodermal and cardiovascular activity during a social stressor, personality measures of affective and interpersonal deficits, and verbal and spatial ability.


RESULTS
Psychopathic antisocial individuals compared with controls showed a 22.6% increase in estimated callosal white matter volume (P<.001), a 6.9% increase in callosal length (P =.002), a 15.3% reduction in callosal thickness (P =.04), and increased functional interhemispheric connectivity (P =.02). Correlational analyses in the larger unselected sample confirmed the association between antisocial personality and callosal structural abnormalities. Larger callosal volumes were associated with affective and interpersonal deficits, low autonomic stress reactivity, and low spatial ability. Callosal abnormalities were independent of psychosocial deficits.


CONCLUSIONS
Corpus callosum abnormalities in psychopathic antisocial individuals may reflect atypical neurodevelopmental processes involving an arrest of early axonal pruning or increased white matter myelination. These findings may help explain affective deficits and previous findings of abnormal interhemispheric transfer in psychopathic individuals.
Epistemic set theory

Formulation des axiomes pour l'operateur modal de Godel dans le contexte de la theorie des ensembles
HOW ADVERTISING PRACTITIONERS VIEW ETHICS : Moral Muteness, Moral Myopia, and Moral Imagination

ABSTR A(̂ T: This study examines how advertising agency personnel perceive, process, and think about tchicai issues. Wt coniiucrc'ii in-deprh, elite interviews with advertising practitioners at ad levels in 29 agencies in eight cities. Many of our infotmants reported few ethical concerns in their own wotk or in advertising in general. They exhibited "moral myopia," a distortion ot moral vision that prevents moral issues from coming into focus, and "moral muteness," meaning that they tartly talk about ethical issues. We fmd that the reasons for moral muteness and moral myopia are caregorizable. There were, however, "seeing/talking" advertising practitioners who demonstrated "moral imagination" when responding to ethical problems. We compare the manner in which the ethically sensitive practitioners contemplate and respond to ethical issues with those characterized as having moral muteness and moral myopia. We also find that the agency context in which advertising practitioners work is important in terms of ethical sensitivity. We discuss implications for theory, research, practice., and education.
Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor presenting as Meigs' Syndrome with elevated CA125

Herein, a rare case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor, presenting as Meigs' syndrome, with elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), is reported. A 69-year-old woman was admitted for the investigation of abdominal fullness and dyspnea. A preoperative examination revealed a huge pelvic tumor and an abdominopelvic magnetic resonance image (MRI) assumed ovarian cancer. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed pleural effusion. A laparotomy confirmed the huge mass to be an ovarian tumor. A total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and partial omentectomy, was performed. Although short-term intrathoracic drainage was required, the hydrothorax and ascites rapidly resolved in the postoperative period.
Punishment Despite Reasonable Doubt - A Public Goods Experiment with Sanctions Under Uncertainty

Under a great variety of legally relevant circumstances, people have to decide whether or not to cooperate when they face an incentive to defect. The law sometimes provides people with sanctioning mechanisms to enforce pro-social behavior. Experimental evidence on voluntary public goods provision shows that the option to punish others substantially improves cooperation, even if punishment is costly. However, these studies focus on situations where there is no uncertainty about the behavior of others. We investigate sanctions in a world with “reasonable doubt” about the contributions of others. Interestingly, people reveal a high willingness to punish even if their information about cooperation rates is highly inaccurate. If there is some nontrivial degree of noise, punishment (1) cannot establish cooperation high and (2) reduces welfare even below the level of a setting without punishment. Our findings suggest that sufficient information accuracy about others’ behavior is crucial for the efficiency of sanction mechanisms. If a situation is characterized by low information accuracy, precluding sanctions, for example, through high standards of proof, is likely to be optimal.
«Музыка» в литературных сказках Джорджа Макдоналда

In the article the romantic concept of music is examined, sources, principles of realization and function of musical leitmotifs in the literary fairy tales of British writer G. MacDonald are analyzed.
Structuring Fault-Tolerant Object Systems for Modularity in a Distributed Environment

The object-oriented approach to system structuring has found widespread acceptance among designers and developers of robust computing systems. In this paper we propose a system structure for distributed programming systems that support persistent objects and describe how such properties as persistence, recoverability etc. can be implemented. The proposed structure is modular, permitting easy exploitation of any distributed computing facilities provided by the underlying system. An existing system constructed according to the principles espoused here is examined to illustrate the practical utility of the proposed approach to system structuring.
External beam accelerated partial-breast irradiation using 32 gy in 8 twice-daily fractions: 5-year results of a prospective study.

PURPOSE
External beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an increasingly popular technique for treatment of patients with early stage breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery. Here we present 5-year results of a prospective trial.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
From October 2003 through November 2005, 98 evaluable patients with stage I breast cancer were enrolled in the first dose step (32 Gy delivered in 8 twice-daily fractions) of a prospective, multi-institutional, dose escalation clinical trial of 3-dimensional conformal external beam APBI (3D-APBI). Median age was 61 years; median tumor size was 0.8 cm; 89% of tumors were estrogen receptor positive; 10% had a triple-negative phenotype; and 1% had a HER-2-positive subtype. Median follow-up was 71 months (range, 2-88 months; interquartile range, 64-75 months).


RESULTS
Five patients developed ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), for a 5-year actuarial IBTR rate of 5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-10%). Three of these cases occurred in patients with triple-negative disease and 2 in non-triple-negative patients, for 5-year actuarial IBTR rates of 33% (95% CI, 0%-57%) and 2% (95% CI, 0%-6%; P<.0001), respectively. On multivariable analysis, triple-negative phenotype was the only predictor of IBTR, with borderline statistical significance after adjusting for tumor grade (P=.0537).


CONCLUSIONS
Overall outcomes were excellent, particularly for patients with estrogen receptor-positive disease. Patients in this study with triple-negative breast cancer had a significantly higher IBTR rate than patients with other receptor phenotypes when treated with 3D-APBI. Larger, prospective 3D-APBI clinical trials should continue to evaluate the effect of hormone receptor phenotype on IBTR rates.
Effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone to aripiprazole on 10-year coronary heart disease risk and metabolic syndrome status: Results from a randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE
This study examined the clinical significance of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole by examining changes in predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and metabolic syndrome status. FRS estimates 10-year risk of "hard" coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes (myocardial infarction and coronary death) while metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of CVD, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.


METHOD
Changes in FRS and metabolic syndrome status were compared between patients with BMI ≥ 27 and non-HDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL randomly assigned to stay on stable current treatment (olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone) or switch to treatment with aripiprazole with 24 weeks of follow-up. All study participants were enrolled in a behavioral program that promoted healthy diet and exercise.


RESULTS
The pre-specified analyses included 89 switchers and 98 stayers who had post-baseline measurements needed to assess changes. Least squares mean estimates of 10-year CHD risk decreased more for the switch (from 7.0% to 5.2%) than the stay group (from 7.4% to 6.4%) (p = 0.0429). The odds ratio for having metabolic syndrome (stay vs. switch) at the last observation was 1.748 (95% CI 0.919, 3.324, p = 0.0885).


CONCLUSION
Switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole was associated with larger reductions in predicted 10-year risk of CHD than the behavioral program alone. The advantage of switching on metabolic syndrome was not statistically significant. The benefits of switching must be balanced against its risks, which in this study included more discontinuations of the study treatment but no significant increase in symptoms or hospitalizations.