LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Closed-Loop Basal Insulin Delivery Over 36 Hours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of closed-loop basal insulin delivery during sleep and after regular meals and unannounced periods of exercise.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twelve adolescents with type 1 diabetes (five males; mean age 15.0 [SD 1.4] years; HbA1c 7.9 [0.7]%; BMI 21.4 [2.6] kg/m(2)) were studied at a clinical research facility on two occasions and received, in random order, either closed-loop basal insulin delivery or conventional pump therapy for 36 h. During closed-loop insulin delivery, pump basal rates were adjusted every 15 min according to a model predictive control algorithm informed by subcutaneous sensor glucose levels. During control visits, subjects' standard infusion rates were applied. Prandial insulin boluses were given before main meals (50-80 g carbohydrates) but not before snacks (15-30 g carbohydrates). Subjects undertook moderate-intensity exercise, not announced to the algorithm, on a stationary bicycle at a 140 bpm heart rate in the morning (40 min) and afternoon (20 min). Primary outcome was time when plasma glucose was in the target range (71-180 mg/dL).


RESULTS
Closed-loop basal insulin delivery increased percentage time when glucose was in the target range (median 84% [interquartile range 78-88%] vs. 49% [26-79%], P = 0.02) and reduced mean plasma glucose levels (128 [19] vs. 165 [55] mg/dL, P = 0.02). Plasma glucose levels were in the target range 100% of the time on 17 of 24 nights during closed-loop insulin delivery. Hypoglycemia occurred on 10 occasions during control visits and 9 occasions during closed-loop delivery (5 episodes were exercise related, and 4 occurred within 2.5 h of prandial bolus).


CONCLUSIONS
Day-and-night closed-loop basal insulin delivery can improve glucose control in adolescents. However, unannounced moderate-intensity exercise and excessive prandial boluses pose challenges to hypoglycemia-free closed-loop basal insulin delivery.
3D printed cardiovascular models for surgical planning in complex congenital heart diseases

Background A precise understanding of the anatomical structures of the heart and great vessels is essential for surgical planning in order to avoid unexpected findings. Rapid prototyping techniques are used to print three-dimensional (3D) replicas of patients’ cardiovascular anatomy based on 3D clinical images such as MRI. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of 3D patient-specific cardiovascular models using rapid prototyping techniques to improve surgical planning in patients with complex congenital heart disease.
Clinical Evaluation of a Personalized Artificial
Pancreas

OBJECTIVE
An artificial pancreas (AP) that automatically regulates blood glucose would greatly improve the lives of individuals with diabetes. Such a device would prevent hypo- and hyperglycemia along with associated long- and short-term complications as well as ease some of the day-to-day burden of frequent blood glucose measurements and insulin administration.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a pilot clinical trial evaluating an individualized, fully automated AP using commercial devices. Two trials (n = 22, n(subjects) = 17) were conducted using a multiparametric formulation of model predictive control and an insulin-on-board algorithm such that the control algorithm, or "brain," can be embedded on a chip as part of a future mobile device. The protocol evaluated the control algorithm for three main challenges: 1) normalizing glycemia from various initial glucose levels, 2) maintaining euglycemia, and 3) overcoming an unannounced meal of 30 ± 5 g carbohydrates.


RESULTS
Initial glucose values ranged from 84-251 mg/dL. Blood glucose was kept in the near-normal range (80-180 mg/dL) for an average of 70% of the trial time. The low and high blood glucose indices were 0.34 and 5.1, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
These encouraging short-term results reveal the ability of a control algorithm tailored to an individual's glucose characteristics to successfully regulate glycemia, even when faced with unannounced meals or initial hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this represents the first truly fully automated multiparametric model predictive control algorithm with insulin-on-board that does not rely on user intervention to regulate blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Effort estimation in agile software development: a systematic literature review

Context: Ever since the emergence of agile methodologies in 2001, many software companies have shifted to Agile Software Development (ASD), and since then many studies have been conducted to investigate effort estimation within such context; however to date there is no single study that presents a detailed overview of the state of the art in effort estimation for ASD. Objectives: The aim of this study is to provide a detailed overview of the state of the art in the area of effort estimation in ASD. Method: To report the state of the art, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the guidelines proposed in the evidence-based software engineering literature. Results: A total of 25 primary studies were selected; the main findings are: i) Subjective estimation techniques (e.g. expert judgment, planning poker, use case points estimation method) are the most frequently applied in an agile context; ii) Use case points and story points are the most frequently used size metrics respectively; iii) MMRE (Mean Magnitude of Relative Error) and MRE (Magnitude of Relative Error) are the most frequently used accuracy metrics; iv) team skills, prior experience and task size are cited as the three important cost drivers for effort estimation in ASD; and v) Extreme Programming (XP) and SCRUM are the only two agile methods that are identified in the primary studies. Conclusion: Subjective estimation techniques, e.g. expert judgment-based techniques, planning poker or the use case points method, are the one used the most in agile effort estimation studies. As for the size metrics, the ones that were used the most in the primary studies were story points and use case points. Several research gaps were identified, relating to the agile methods, size metrics and cost drivers, thus suggesting numerous possible avenues for future work.
Knowledge management enablers: a case study

Purpose – To analyze the crucial role that enablers play in carrying out knowledge management within the enterprise. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses the method of a case study and has directed the survey on Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. (ASE) and VIA Technologies, Inc. (VIA). It is anticipated through the case study of these two companies that it will be possible to verify the finding of enablers concluded by other papers, thus showing the inter-relationship between theory and business. Findings – It is found that among the enablers: on the part of strategy and leadership; obtaining top managements’ support is most important; among organization culture enablers is the forming of an atmosphere and culture of sharing is most important but needs to be supplemented by informational technology; among people enablers, other than training courses and channels that provide learning, employee incentive program is one of the executing key factor; and among informational technology enablers, other than the digitization of documents, the function of speedy search of information for its re-use is becoming more and more important. Practical implications – The result of this study not just validates theory with reality; it also provides a reference for the academia as well as the business field. Originality/value – This paper has discovered that establishing a dedicated unit for implementing knowledge management is also one of the key enablers. Its role does not just stop at managing knowledge, but instead it plays the role of furthering knowledge management by taking on the duty of assisting and coordinating different departments in their communication.
Skin testing versus radioallergosorbent testing for indoor allergens

BACKGROUND: Skin testing (ST) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. Measurement of serum specific IgE is also commonly used, but less so by allergists than by other practitioners. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary by type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. We compared ST reactivity with serum specific IgE antibodies to common indoor allergens in patients with respiratory allergies. METHODS: 118 patients (3 mo-58 yr, mean 12 yr) with allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma had percutaneous skin testing (PST) supplemented by intradermal testing (ID) with those allergens suspected by history but showed negative PST. The sera were tested blindly for specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test (Phadebas RAST). The allergens were D. farinae (118), cockroach (60), cat epithelium (90), and dog epidermal (90). Test results were scored 0-4; ST >/= 2 + and RAST >/= 1 + were considered positive. RESULTS: The two tests were in agreement (i.e., either both positive or both negative) in 52.2% (dog epidermal) to 62.2% (cat epithelium). When RAST was positive, ST was positive in 80% (dog epidermal) to 100% (cockroach mix). When ST was positive, RAST was positive in 16.3% (dog epidermal) to 50.0% (D. farinae). When RAST was negative, ST was positive in 48.5% (cat epithelium) to 69.6% (D. farinae). When ST was negative, RAST was positive in 0% (cockroach) to 5.6% (cat epithelium). The scores of ST and RAST showed weak to moderate correlation (r = 0.24 to 0.54). Regardless of history of symptoms on exposure, ST was superior to RAST in detecting sensitization to cat epithelium and dog epidermal. CONCLUSION: For all four indoor allergens tested, ST was more sensitive than RAST. When both tests were positive, their scores showed poor correlation. Sensitizations to cat epithelium and dog epidermal are common, even in subjects who claimed no direct exposure.
Software version of Roland Morris Disability questionnaire for outcome assessment in low back pain.

BACKGROUND
Developing and using the software version of existing validated paper version of patient-related outcome can go a long way in saving cost, time and effort. However, the equivalence of paper version and software versions cannot be assumed. The aim of the study is to test the equivalence between paper version and software version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and its acceptability among patients.


METHODS
This is a within-subject cross over equivalence study. Fifty-five patients with back pain were asked to complete the paper and software version of RMDQ in random order. Patients were included from the Neuro Spinal surgery outpatient department of Lilavati Hospital and Research Center.


RESULTS
Statistical analysis of 52 patients who completed the study showed high agreement between the paper and software version of the questionnaire (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.994, 95% confidence interval (0.989-0.996)). High sensitivity and specificity of 84 and 88% of the software version was noted. About 69.2% patients preferred software version over paper version.


CONCLUSION
Our study shows that software version is comparable to the paper version. It may prove to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and patient follow-up over longer period.
Reorganization of the Injured Brain: Implications for Studies of the Neural Substrate of Cognition

In the search for a neural substrate of cognitive processes, a frequently utilized method is the scrutiny of post-traumatic symptoms exhibited by individuals suffering focal injury to the brain. For instance, the presence or absence of conscious awareness within a particular domain may, combined with knowledge of which regions of the brain have been injured, provide important data in the search for neural correlates of consciousness. Like all studies addressing the consequences of brain injury, however, such research has to face the fact that in most cases, post-traumatic impairments are accompanied by a "functional recovery" during which symptoms are reduced or eliminated. The apparent contradiction between localization and recovery, respectively, of functions constitutes a problem to almost all aspects of cognitive neuroscience. Several lines of investigation indicate that although the brain remains highly plastic throughout life, the post-traumatic plasticity does not recreate a copy of the neural mechanisms lost to injury. Instead, the uninjured parts of the brain are functionally reorganized in a manner which - in spite of not recreating the basic information processing lost to injury - is able to allow a more or less complete return of the surface phenomena (including manifestations of consciousness) originally impaired by the trauma. A novel model [the Reorganization of Elementary Functions-model] of these processes is presented - and some of its implications discussed relative to studies of the neural substrates of cognition and consciousness.
Efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine 25 and 50▒mg/day in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of depressed outpatients.

BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD).


METHODS
Adult outpatients (aged 18 years) in the United States and (aged 20 years) in Japan, who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for MDD and had a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) score 20, were ran-domly assigned to placebo, low-dose desvenlafaxine (25▒mg/day), or the recommended dose (50▒mg/day) after a 6to 14-day placebo lead-in, in an 8-week, fixed-dose trial. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in HAMD17 total score at final on-therapy evaluation. Efficacy analyses were based on the intent-totreat (ITT) population, using the last observation carried forward.


RESULTS
The ITT population included 699 patients. Reduction in HAM-D17 scores from baseline to final evaluation was not significantly greater for desvenlafaxine 25▒mg/day (-8.98) but was significantly greater for desvenlafaxine 50▒mg/day (-10.02; P = 0.016) versus placebo (-8.52) after adjusting for multiplicity. P-values were < 0.05 versus placebo for percentage of patients responding to treatment ( 50% decrease in HAM-D17 score) with desven-lafaxine 50▒mg/day (46%; P = 0.015), but not with desvenlafaxine 25▒mg/day (42% versus 35% with placebo). P-values for remission rates (HAM-D17 score ≤ 7) were not < 0.05 versus placebo for either desvenlafaxine treatment group. Discontinuations due to adverse events were observed in 2.6%, 3.4%, and 3.4% of patients treated with placebo, desvenlafaxine 25▒mg/day, and desvenlafaxine 50▒mg/day, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with other clinical studies, desvenlafaxine 50▒mg/day demonstrated antidepressant efficacy and appears to be the minimally effective dosage for MDD. ClinicalTrials study identifier NCT00798707.
Recurrent Neural Network Language Model Adaptation Derived Document Vector

In many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, a document is commonly modeled as a bag of words using the term frequencyinverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vector. One major shortcoming of the frequencybased TF-IDF feature vector is that it ignores word orders that carry syntactic and semantic relationships among the words in a document, and they can be important in some NLP tasks such as genre classification. This paper proposes a novel distributed vector representation of a document: a simple recurrentneural-network language model (RNN-LM) or a long short-term memory RNN language model (LSTM-LM) is first created from all documents in a task; some of the LM parameters are then adapted by each document, and the adapted parameters are vectorized to represent the document. The new document vectors are labeled as DV-RNN and DV-LSTM respectively. We believe that our new document vectors can capture some high-level sequential information in the documents, which other current document representations fail to capture. The new document vectors were evaluated in the genre classification of documents in three corpora: the Brown Corpus, the BNC Baby Corpus and an artificially created Penn Treebank dataset. Their classification performances are compared with the performance of TF-IDF vector and the state-of-the-art distributed memory model of paragraph vector (PV-DM). The results show that DV-LSTM significantly outperforms TF-IDF and PV-DM in most cases, and combinations of the proposed document vectors with TF-IDF or PVDM may further improve performance.
FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa polymorphisms and cetuximab benefit in the microscopic disease.

PURPOSE
FcγR polymorphisms have been reported to enhance the immune-mediated effects of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. There are no data on the relationship between these polymorphisms and cetuximab in the early-stage setting. We performed a pharmacogenomic analysis of EXPERT-C, a randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant CAPOX followed by chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX±cetuximab in high-risk, locally advanced rectal cancer.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
FcγRIIa-H131R and FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphisms were analyzed on DNA from peripheral blood samples. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to calculate survival estimates and compare treatment arms.


RESULTS
Genotyping was successfully performed in 105 of 164 (64%) patients (CAPOX=54, CAPOX-C=51). No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or association of these polymorphisms with tumor RAS status was observed. FcγRIIa-131R (HR, 0.38; P=0.058) and FcγRIIIa-158F alleles (HR, 0.21; P=0.007) predicted improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with cetuximab. In the CAPOX-C arm, carriers of both 131R and 158F alleles had a statistically significant improvement in PFS (5 years: 78.4%; HR, 0.22; P=0.002) and overall survival (OS; 5 years: 86.4%; HR, 0.24; P=0.018) when compared with patients homozygous for 131H and/or 158V (5-year PFS: 35.7%; 5-year OS: 57.1%). An interaction between cetuximab benefit and 131R and 158F alleles was found for PFS (P=0.017) and remained significant after adjusting for prognostic variables (P=0.003).


CONCLUSION
This is the first study investigating FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa polymorphisms in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. We showed an increased clinical benefit from cetuximab in the presence of 131R and 158F alleles.
Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs--UIP consensus document. Part II. Anatomy.

BACKGROUND
Duplex ultrasound investigation has become the reference standard in assessing the morphology and haemodynamics of the lower limb veins. The project described in this paper was an initiative of the Union Internationale de Phlébologie (UIP). The aim was to obtain a consensus of international experts on the methodology to be used for assessment of anatomy of superficial and perforating veins in the lower limb by ultrasound imaging.


METHODS
The authors performed a systematic review of the published literature on duplex anatomy of the superficial and perforating veins of the lower limbs; afterwards they invited a group of experts from a wide range of countries to participate in this project. Electronic submissions from the authors and the experts (text and images) were made available to all participants via the UIP website. The authors prepared a draft document for discussion at the UIP Chapter meeting held in San Diego, USA in August 2003. Following this meeting a revised manuscript was circulated to all participants and further comments were received by the authors and included in subsequent versions of the manuscript. Eventually, all participants agreed the final version of the paper.


RESULTS
The experts have made detailed recommendations concerning the methods to be used for duplex ultrasound examination as well as the interpretation of images and measurements obtained. This document provides a detailed methodology for complete ultrasound assessment of the anatomy of the superficial and perforating veins in the lower limbs.


CONCLUSIONS
The authors and a large group of experts have agreed a methodology for the investigation of the lower limbs venous system by duplex ultrasonography, with specific reference to the anatomy of the main superficial veins and perforators of the lower limbs in healthy and varicose subjects.
Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis by Self-Organizing Maps

In neural blind source separation most approaches have considered the linear source separation problem where the input data consist of unknown linear mixtures of unknown independent source signals. The solution is a linear transformation which makes the output vector components statistically independent. More generally we can consider nonlinear mixtures of sources. Then we can try to separate the sources by constructing mappings that make the components of the output vectors independent. We show that such a mapping can be approximately realized using self-organizing maps with rectangular map topology. We apply these mappings to the separation of nonlinear mixtures of sub-Gaussian sources.
Rapid Manufacture of Novel Variable Impedance Robots

Variable stiffness and variable damping can play an important role in robot movement, particularly for legged robots such as bipedal walkers. Variable impedance also introduces new control problems, since there are more degrees of freedom to control, and the resulting robot has more complex dynamics. In this paper, we introduce novel design and fabrication methodologies that are capable of producing cost effective hardware prototypes suitable for investigating the efficacy of impedance modulation. We present two variable impedance bipedal platforms produced using a combination of waterjet cutting and 3D printing, and a novel fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing based method for producing hybrid plastic/metal parts. We evaluate walking trajectories at different speeds and stiffness levels. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030388]
Increased restrictive feeding practices are associated with reduced energy density in 4–6-year-old, multi-ethnic children at ad libitum laboratory test-meals

Increased reports of restrictive feeding have shown positive relationships to child obesity, however, the mechanism between the two has not been elucidated. This study examined the relationship between reported use of restrictive feeding practices and 4-6-year-old children's self-selected energy density (ED) and total energy intake from an ad libitum, laboratory dinner including macaroni and cheese, string beans, grapes, baby carrots, cheese sticks, pudding, milks, and a variety of sweetened beverages. A second objective explored the relationship between ED and child body mass index (BMI) z-score. Seventy (n=70) healthy children from primarily non-Caucasian and lower socioeconomic status families participated. Mothers completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to assess restrictive feeding practices. Energy density (kcal/g) values for both foods and drinks (ED(food+drink)) and ED for foods only (ED(foods)) were calculated by dividing the average number of calories consumed by the average weight eaten across 4 meals. Higher maternal restriction was associated with lower ED(food+drink). In overweight and obese children only, higher maternal restriction was associated with lower ED(food). There was a non-significant trend for both ED measures to be negatively associated with child BMI z-score. Overall, restrictive feeding practices were not associated with child BMI z-score. However, when analyzing separate aspects of restriction, parents reported higher use of restricting access to palatable foods but lower use of using palatable foods as rewards with heavier children. Previous reports of positive associations between child obesity and restrictive feeding practices may not apply in predominantly non-Caucasian, lower socioeconomic status cohorts of children.