LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An admission bioclinical score to predict 1-year outcomes in patients undergoing aneurysm coiling.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
A number of scores were developed to predict outcomes after clipping for subarachnoid hemorrhages, yet there is no score for patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Our goal was to develop, compare, and validate a predictive score for 1-year outcomes in patients with coiled subarachnoid hemorrhage.


METHODS
We studied 526 patients for 1 year after intensive care unit discharge. We developed an admission bioclinical score (ABC score), which integrated biomarkers such as troponin I and S100β, with the Glasgow Coma Scale. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI), the ABC score was compared with the Glasgow Coma Scale, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies score, and Fisher score in the derivation cohort and further validated in an independent cohort.


RESULTS
In the derivation cohort (from 2003-2007, n=368), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only Glasgow Coma Scale (P<0.001), high S100β (P<0.001), and high troponin (P<0.02) were independently associated with 1-year mortality. Troponin, S100β, and Glasgow Coma Scale were thus integrated to derive the ABC score. In the derivation cohort, the ABC score reached an receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (0.77-0.88, P<0.001) and was significantly greater than the receiver operating characteristic curves of the Glasgow Coma Scale, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, and Fisher scores for predicting 1-year mortality. In the validation cohort (from 2008-2009, n=158), the ABC score's receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (0.67-0.86, P<0.001) remained superior to the 3 other scores for predicting 1-year mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
The ABC score improves 1-year outcome prediction at admission for patients with coiled subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our study provides large cohort-based evidence supporting integration of individual biomarkers and clinical characteristics to predict outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01357057.
Host-Based Anomaly Intrusion Detection

Network security has become an essential component of any computer network. Despite significant advances having been made on network-based intrusion prevention and detection, ongoing attacks penetrating network-based security mechanisms have been reported. It is being realized that network-based security mechanisms such as firewalls or intrusion detection systems (IDS) are not effective in detecting certain attacks such as insider attacks and attacks without generating significant network traffic. The trend of network security will be to merge host-based IDS (HIDS) and networkbased IDS (NIDS). This chapter will provide the fundamentals of host-based anomaly IDS as well as their developments. A new architectural framework is proposed for intelligent integration of multiple detection engines. The novelty of this framework is that it provides a feedback loop so that one output from a detection engine can be used as an input for another detection engine. It is also illustrated how several schemes can be derived from this framework. New research topics for future research are discussed. The organization of this chapter is as follows. Section 13.1 is about background material. It provides a brief introduction to computer (host) operating systems and networking systems, which are needed to understand computer and computer network security and IDS. Section 13.2 presents the basic concepts in HIDS and their developments. Practical examples are provided to illustrate the implementation procedures in a step-by-step approach. Section 13.3 introduces powerful hidden Markov models (HMM) and HMM-based anomaly intrusion detection schemes. Section 13.4 discusses emerging HIDS architectures. It also proposes a new theoretic framework for designing new IDS architectures. Conclusions are given in Sect. 13.5. Muchmaterial on HIDS schemes is drawn from the author’s own published research work. This chapter is suitable as a text for final-year undergraduate students or postgraduates in advanced security courses. It is also useful as a reference for academic researchers intending to conduct research in this field.
Mechanical models of cellular solids: Parameters identification from experimental tests

Cellular solids are largely used in many structural applications to absorb and dissipate energy, due to their light weight and high energy absorption capability. The appropriate design of mechanical pieces made of structural foams must be done on the basis of the kind of impact, the energy involved and the maximum admissible stress. In the design development it is of highest importance the choice of the proper type of foam at the proper density level. This is based on stress-strain behaviour that can be predicted by means of test curves and models. The parameters of two cellular solids models for EPP, PUR, EPS and NORYL GTX foams have been identified by means of experimental compression tests at different densities. The Gibson model and a modified version of this model have been considered: the fitting of these models are compared also with the Rusch model and a modified version of the Rusch model. The considered models are directly derived from theoretical micro-mechanical assumptions while the parameter values are identified by means of the available experimental data. Model parameters depend on the foam density and a mathematical formulation of this dependence is identified. The formulas of the density dependence of the model parameters permits the identification of all foams made starting from the same solid material and with the same micro-structure by means of a minimum set of experimental tests. At the same time the availability of a large quantity of experimental data allows to reach a higher confidence level for the model parameters values. The identified laws that describe parameters against density, for a certain type of foam, could be used in order to assist the design of the absorber and to find the optimum density for the specific application.
Making resource decisions for software projects

Software metrics should support managerial decisionmaking in software projects. We explain how traditionalmetrics approaches, such as regression-based models forcost estimation fall short of this goal. Instead, wedescribe a causal model (using a Bayesian network)which incorporates empirical data, but allows it to beinterpreted and supplemented using expert judgement.We show how this causal model is used in a practicaldecision-support tool, allowing a project manager totrade-off the resources used against the outputs(delivered functionality, quality achieved) in a softwareproject. The model and toolset have evolved in a numberof collaborative projects and hence capture significantcommercial input. Extensive validation trials are takingplace among partners on the EC funded projectMODIST (this includes Philips, Israel Aircraft Industriesand QinetiQ) and the feedback so far has been verygood. The estimates are sensible and the causalmodelling approach enables decision-makers to reasonin a way that is not possible with other projectmanagement and resource estimation tools. To ensurewide dissemination and validation a version of thetoolset with the full underlying model is being madeavailable for free to researchers.
DATA MINING IN FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING : A REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH TRENDS

Data mining tools become important in finance and accounting. Their classification and prediction abilities enable them to be used for the purposes of bankruptcy prediction, going concern status and financial distress prediction, management fraud detection, credit risk estimation, and corporate performance prediction. This study aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the relative literature and to indicate relevant research opportunities.
Physical activity stimulation program for children with cerebral palsy did not improve physical activity: a randomised trial.

QUESTION
In children with cerebral palsy, does a 6-month physical activity stimulation program improve physical activity, mobility capacity, fitness, fatigue and attitude towards sports more than usual paediatric physiotherapy?


DESIGN
Multicentre randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessments and intention-to-treat analysis.


PARTICIPANTS
Forty-nine walking children (28 males) aged 7-13 years with spastic cerebral palsy and severity of the disability classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III.


INTERVENTION
The intervention group followed a 6-month physical activity stimulation program involving counselling through motivational interviewing, home-based physiotherapy, and 4 months of fitness training. The control group continued their usual paediatric physiotherapy.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcomes were walking activity (assessed objectively with an activity monitor) and parent-reported physical activity (Activity QUESTIONnaire for Adults and Adolescents). Secondary outcomes were: mobility capacity, consisting of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), walking capacity and functional strength, fitness (aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscle strength), self-reported fatigue, and attitude towards sport (child and parent). Assessments were performed at baseline, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months.


RESULTS
There were no significant intervention effects for physical activity or secondary outcomes at any assessment time. Positive trends were found for parent-reported time at moderate-to-vigorous intensity (between-group change ratio=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) and GMFM-66 (mean between-group difference=2.8 points, 95% CI 0.2 to 5.4) at 6 months, but not at 12 months. There was a trend for a small, but clinically irrelevant, improvement in the children's attitudes towards the disadvantages of sports at 6 months, and towards the advantages of sports at 12 months.


CONCLUSIONS
This physical activity stimulation program, that combined fitness training, counselling and home-based therapy, was not effective in children with cerebral palsy. Further research should examine the potential of each component of the intervention for improving physical activity in this population.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NTR2099.
Internet Banking in Europe : a comparative analysis

A key strategic issue for banks is the implementation of internet banking. The ‘click and mortar’ model that complements classical branch banking with online facilities is competing with pure internet banks. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of these two models across countries, so as to examine the role of differences in the banking system and technological progress. A fuzzy cluster analysis on the performance of banks in Finland, Spain, Italy and the UK shows that internet banks are hard to distinguish from banks that follow a click and mortar strategy; country borders are more important. We therefore explain bank performance by a group of selected bank features, country-specific economic and IT indicators over the period 1995-2004. We find that the strategy of banking groups to incorporate internet banks reflects some competitive edge that these banks have in their business models. Extensive technological innovation boosts internet banking. JEL Classification: G21, O32
The importance of inhaler devices: the choice of inhaler device may lead to suboptimal adherence in COPD patients

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to identify factors associated with poor adherence to COPD treatment in patients receiving a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA), focusing on the importance of inhaler devices.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective and multicenter study based on a review of medical registries between 2007 and 2012 of COPD patients (n=1,263) treated with ICS/LABA FDC, whose medical devices were either dry powder inhalers (DPIs) or pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI). Medication adherence included persistence outcomes through 18 months and medication possession ratios. Data on exacerbations, comorbidities, demographic characteristics, and health care resource utilization were also included as confounders of adherence.


RESULTS
The analyses revealed that COPD patients whose medication was delivered through a DPI were less likely to have medication adherence compared to patients with pMDI, after adjusting for confounding factors, especially active ingredients. Younger groups of patients were less likely to be adherent compared to the oldest group. Smoker men were less likely to be adherent compared to women and non-smokers. Comorbidities decreased the probability of treatment adherence. Those patients that visited their doctor once a month were more likely to adhere to their medication regimen; however, suboptimal adherence was more likely to occur among those patients who visited more than three times per month their doctor. We also found that worsening of COPD is negatively associated with adherence.


CONCLUSION
According to this study, inhaler devices influence patients' adherence to long-term COPD medication. We also found that DPIs delivering ICS/LABA FDC had a negative impact on adherence. Patients' clinic and socioeconomic characteristics were associated with adherence.
Eigenvalues of a real supersymmetric tensor

In this paper, we define the symmetric hyperdeterminant, eigenvalues and E-eigenvalues of a real supersymmetric tensor. We show that eigenvalues are roots of a one-dimensional polynomial, and when the order of the tensor is even, E-eigenvalues are roots of another one-dimensional polynomial. These two one-dimensional polynomials are associated with the symmetric hyperdeterminant. We call them the characteristic polynomial and the E-characteristic polynomial of that supersymmetric tensor. Real eigenvalues (E-eigenvalues) with real eigenvectors (E-eigenvectors) are called H-eigenvalues (Z-eigenvalues). W hen the order of the supersymmetric tensor is even, H-eigenvalues (Z-eigenvalues) exist and the supersymmetric tensor is positive definite if and only if all of its H-eigenvalues (Z-eigenv alues) are positive. Anmth-order n-dimensi onal supersymmetric tensor where m is even has exactlyn(m − 1)n−1 eigenvalues, and the number of its E-eigenvalues is strictly less thann(m − 1)n−1 when m ≥ 4. We show that the product of all the eigenvalues is equal to the value of the symmetric hyperdeterminant, while the sum of all the eigenvalues is equal to the sum of the diagonal elements of tha t supersymmetric tensor, multiplied by (m − 1)n−1. The n(m−1)n−1 eigenvalues are distributed in n disks inC. Thecenters and radii of these n disks are the diagonal elements, and the sums of the absolute values of the corresponding off-diagonal elements, of that supersymmetric tensor. On the other hand, E-eigenvalues are invariant under orthogonal transformations. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Toward critical contrastive rhetoric

A traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric has emphasized cultural difference in rhetorical patterns among various languages. Despite its laudable pedagogical intentions to raise teachers’ and students’ cultural and rhetorical awareness in second language writing, traditional contrastive rhetoric has perpetuated static binaries between English and other languages and viewed students as culturally lacking. Various criticisms that have challenged assumptions behind traditional contrastive rhetoric as well as a critical scrutiny of pedagogical issues, including the politics of explicit teaching of linguistic forms, indicate a need for establishing alternative conceptual frameworks. Such frameworks seek to critically understand politics of cultural difference and explore situated pedagogy that challenges essentialism. By incorporating poststructuralist, postcolonial, and postmodern critiques of language and culture, critical contrastive rhetoric reconceptualizes cultural difference in rhetoric from such perspectives as relations of power, discursive construction of knowledge, colonial construction of cultural dichotomies, and rhetorical plurality brought about by diaspora and cultural hybridity. When put into practice, critical contrastive rhetoric affirms multiplicity of languages, rhetorical forms, and students’ identities, while problematizing the discursive construction of rhetoric and identities, and thus allowing writing teachers to recognize the complex web of rhetoric, culture, power, and discourse in responding to student writing. # 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Rare mutations predisposing to familial adenomatous polyposis in Greek FAP patients

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is caused by germline mutations in the APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) gene. The vast majority of APC mutations are point mutations or small insertions / deletions which lead to truncated protein products. Splicing mutations or gross genomic rearrangements are less common inactivating events of the APC gene. In the current study genomic DNA or RNA from ten unrelated FAP suspected patients was examined for germline mutations in the APC gene. Family history and phenotype were used in order to select the patients. Methods used for testing were dHPLC (denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography), sequencing, MLPA (Multiplex Ligation – dependent Probe Amplification), Karyotyping, FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) and RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription – Polymerase Chain Reaction). A 250 Kbp deletion in the APC gene starting from intron 5 and extending beyond exon 15 was identified in one patient. A substitution of the +5 conserved nucleotide at the splice donor site of intron 9 in the APC gene was shown to produce frameshift and inefficient exon skipping in a second patient. Four frameshift mutations (1577insT, 1973delAG, 3180delAAAA, 3212delA) and a nonsense mutation (C1690T) were identified in the rest of the patients. Screening for APC mutations in FAP patients should include testing for splicing defects and gross genomic alterations.
Survival of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Queenslanders after a diagnosis of lung cancer: a matched cohort study.

OBJECTIVE
To compare survival of Indigenous and non-Indigenous lung cancer patients and to investigate any corresponding differences in stage, treatment and comorbidities.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Cohort study of 158 Indigenous and 152 non-Indigenous patients (frequency-matched on age, sex and rurality) diagnosed with lung cancer between 1996 and 2002 and treated in Queensland public hospitals.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Survival after diagnosis of lung cancer; effects of stage at diagnosis, treatment, comorbidities and histological subtype on lung cancer-specific survival.


RESULTS
Survival of Indigenous lung cancer patients was significantly lower than that of non-Indigenous patients (median survival, 4.3 v 10.3 months; hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14-1.92). Of 158 Indigenous patients, 72 (46%) received active treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery compared with 109 (72%) of the 152 non-Indigenous patients, and this treatment disparity remained after adjusting for histological subtype, stage at diagnosis, and comorbidities (adjusted risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53-0.73). The treatment disparity explained most of the survival deficit: the hazard ratio reduced to 1.10 (95% CI, 0.83-1.44) after inclusion of treatment variables in the proportional hazards survival model. The remaining survival deficit was explained by the higher prevalence of comorbidities among Indigenous cancer patients, mainly diabetes.


CONCLUSION
Survival after a diagnosis of lung cancer is worse for Indigenous patients than for non-Indigenous patients, and differences in treatment between the two groups are mainly responsible.
Studies of Organic Semiconductors for 40 YearsVI

Abstract Although isolated studies of organic semiconductors and photoconductors were made starting from the beginning of this century, there was no comprehensive theory to rationalize the results. The publication of the book by Mott and Gurney1 explaining the electronic properties of ionic crystals in quantum mechanical terms played a significant role in establishing the latter part of 1940 as the beginning of modern studies of organic semiconductors.
Data Integration: The Current Status and the Way Forward

We discuss scalable data integration challenges in the enterprise inspired by our experience at Tamr . We use multiple real customer examples to highlight the technical difficulties around building a deployable and usable data integration software that tackles the data silos problem. We also highlight the practical aspects involved in using machine learning to enable automating manual or rule-based processes for data integration tasks, such as schema mapping, classification, and deduplication.
Situation Awareness As a Predictor of Performance in En Route Air Traffic Controllers.

In this study, air traffic control instructors controlled simulated traffic while three techniques for determining situation awareness (SA) were implemented. SA was assessed using a self-report measure (SART); a query method that removed information on the plan-view display (SAGAT); a query technique that did not have a memory component (SPAM); and the detection of errors integrated into the scenarios (implicit performance). We used these measures of SA together with a measure of workload, NASA TLX, to predict two different performance measures. One performance measure was an over-the-shoulder, subjective assessment by a subject matter expert (SME). The other performance measure was a count of the number of control actions remaining to be performed at the end of the scenario. The SME evaluation was predicted by workload and the controller's appreciation of both the present and the future. The remaining-actions count (RAC) was predicted by the controller's appreciation of the future. In fact, an appreciation of the present led to poorer RAC scores: The better the participant was at answering questions about the present or the better he or she understood the present situation, the larger the number of actions remained to be performed. The results have implications for the relationships among workload, situation awareness, and performance, and suggest limitations on several of the measures currendy proposed as SA techniques. The results confirm that future versus present is an important conceptual difference in air traffic control. More importandy, the results suggest that a controller who remains overly focused on the present may do so at the expense of the future.
[Oxygen therapy by a portable concentrator with a demand valve: a randomised controlled study of its effectiveness in patients with COPD].

INTRODUCTION
There is doubt concerning the clinical effectiveness of portable oxygen concentrators with a control valve (PCDV) and their appreciation by patients. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness and appreciation of oxygen therapy by PCDV and liquid oxygen by continuous f low (O(2)Liq).


METHODS
Nineteen patients with COPD were randomised to receive PCDV or O(2)Liq at rest and during a 6 minute walk test (6MWT). For each mechanism they assessed, by visual analogue scales, the convenience and portability, the noise, and the discomfort of the nasal oxygen delivery.


RESULTS
The 6MW distance was 315 ± 120 m with PCDV and 325 ± 114 m with O(2)Liq (P>0.05). Dyspnoea and the desaturation induced by the 6MWT were identical with both systems (P>0.05). The time spent with a SaO(2)<90 % was 289 ± 69 s with PCDV and 242 ± 130 s with O(2)Liq (P=0.08). PCDV was noisier than O(2)Liq (P<0.05); there was no difference in convenience and portability or in nasal discomfort.


CONCLUSION
The PCDV model that we tested was equally effective to O(2)Liq. However, the prescription of this type of system is a matter of personal choice.