LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A non-contact device for tracking gaze in a human computer interface

This paper presents a novel design for a non-contact eye detection and gaze tracking device. It uses two cameras to maintain real-time tracking of a person s eye in the presence of head motion. Image analysis techniques are used to obtain accurate locations of the pupil and corneal reflections. All the computations are performed in software and the device only requires simple, compact optics and electronics attached to the user s computer. Three methods of estimating the user s point of gaze on a computer monitor are evaluated. The camera motion system is capable of tracking the user s eye in real-time (9 fps) in the presence of natural head movements as fast as 100 /s horizontally and 77 /s vertically. Experiments using synthetic images have shown its ability to track the location of the eye in an image to within 0.758 pixels horizontally and 0.492 pixels vertically. The system has also been tested with users with different eye colors and shapes, different ambient lighting conditions and the use of eyeglasses. A gaze accuracy of 2.9 was observed. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cost-effectiveness of Spa treatment for fibromyalgia: general health improvement is not for free.

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the cost-effectiveness of an adjuvant treatment course of spa treatment compared with usual care only in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FM).


METHODS
134 patients with FM, selected from a rheumatology outpatient department and from members of the Dutch FM patient association were randomly assigned to a 2(1/2) week spa treatment course in Tunisia or to usual care only. Results are expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for a 6-month as well as a 12-month time horizon. Utilities were derived form the Short Form 6D (SF-6D) scores and the visual analogue scale (VAS) rating general health. Costs were reported from societal perspective. Mean incremental cost per patient and the incremental cost utility ratio (ICER) were calculated; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using double-sided bootstrapping.


RESULTS
The data of 128 (55 spa and 73 controls) of the 134 patients (96%) could be used for analysis. Improvement in general health was found in the spa group until 6 months of follow-up by both the SF-6D (AUC 0.32 vs 0.30, P < 0.05) and the VAS (AUC 0.23 vs 0.19, P < 0.01). After 1yr no significant between-group differences were found. Mean incremental cost of spa treatment was 1311 Euro per patient (95% CI 369-2439), equalling the cost of the intervention (thalassotherapy including airfare and lodging), or 885 Euro per patient based on a more realistic cost estimate.


CONCLUSIONS
The temporary improvement in quality of life due to an adjuvant treatment course of spa therapy for patients with FM is associated with limited incremental costs per patient.
A Review of School-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents who suffer from Depressive Symptoms

A Review of School-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents who suffer from Depressive Symptoms by Sherry L. Hlavaty, Master of Science Utah State University, 2005 Major Professor: Dr. Gretchen A. Gimpel Department: Psychology This paper provides a brief review of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders and the importance of treating such symptoms within a school setting. The purpose of this paper was to examine published studies that were conducted in schools and were designed to treat symptoms of depression in children and adolescents. Active treatments utilized in this review were shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression. Most active treatment conditions involved intervention components that are commonly used in conjunction with typical cognitive-behavioral therapies . Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of specific programs and program components. Implications of the present research is presented for use by school-based mental health practitioners. 11
Multilingual WSD with Just a Few Lines of Code: the BabelNet API

In this paper we present an API for programmatic access to BabelNet – a wide-coverage multilingual lexical knowledge base – and multilingual knowledge-rich Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Our aim is to provide the research community with easy-to-use tools to perform multilingual lexical semantic analysis and foster further research in this direction.
Predicting Suicidal Behavior From Longitudinal Electronic Health Records.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article was to determine whether longitudinal historical data, commonly available in electronic health record (EHR) systems, can be used to predict patients' future risk of suicidal behavior.


METHOD
Bayesian models were developed using a retrospective cohort approach. EHR data from a large health care database spanning 15 years (1998-2012) of inpatient and outpatient visits were used to predict future documented suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide attempt or death). Patients with three or more visits (N=1,728,549) were included. ICD-9-based case definition for suicidal behavior was derived by expert clinician consensus review of 2,700 narrative EHR notes (from 520 patients), supplemented by state death certificates. Model performance was evaluated retrospectively using an independent testing set.


RESULTS
Among the study population, 1.2% (N=20,246) met the case definition for suicidal behavior. The model achieved sensitive (33%-45% sensitivity), specific (90%-95% specificity), and early (3-4 years in advance on average) prediction of patients' future suicidal behavior. The strongest predictors identified by the model included both well-known (e.g., substance abuse and psychiatric disorders) and less conventional (e.g., certain injuries and chronic conditions) risk factors, indicating that a data-driven approach can yield more comprehensive risk profiles.


CONCLUSIONS
Longitudinal EHR data, commonly available in clinical settings, can be useful for predicting future risk of suicidal behavior. This modeling approach could serve as an early warning system to help clinicians identify high-risk patients for further screening. By analyzing the full phenotypic breadth of the EHR, computerized risk screening approaches may enhance prediction beyond what is feasible for individual clinicians.
Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake: I. Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers

Porewater profiles often are used to identify and quantify important biogeochemical processes occurring in lake sediments. In this study, multiple porewater profiles were obtained from two eutrophic Swiss lakes using porewater equilibrators (peepers) in order to examine spatial and seasonal trends in biogeochemical processes. Variability in profile shapes and concentrations was small on spatial scales of a few meters, but the uncertainty in calculated diffusive fluxes across the sediment surface was, on average, 35%. Focusing of Fe and Mn oxides toward the lake center resulted in systematic increases in porewater concentrations and diffusive fluxes of Fe2+ and Mn2+ with increasing water depth; these fluxes are postulated to be regulated by the pH-dependent dissolution of reduced-metal phases. Despite higher concentrations of inorganic carbon, NH 4 + , Si and P in pelagic compared to littoral sites, diffusive fluxes of these substances across the sediment surface increased only slightly or not at all with increasing water depth. Porewater profiles did reveal temporal changes in Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ that were an indirect result of the large, seasonal changes in seston deposition, but no clear seasonal variations were found in diffusive fluxes of nutrients across the sediment surface. The intense mineralization occurring at the sediment surface was not reflected in the porewater profiles nor in the calculated diffusive fluxes. Calculated diffusive fluxes across the sediment surface resulted from decomposition occurring primarily in the top 5–7 cm of sediment. Diffusive fluxes from this subsurface mineralization were equal to the solute release from mineralization occurring at the sediment-water interface. Buried organic matter acts as a memory of previous lake conditons; it will require at least a decade before reductions in nutrient inputs to lakes fully reduce the diffusive fluxes into the lake from the buried reservoir of organic matter.
Association between multilayer left ventricular rotational mechanics and the development of left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
The identification of patients at risk for developing left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has crucial prognostic implications. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between peak subepicardial and subendocardial twist and infarct transmurality, as assessed using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and (2) to evaluate the association between peak subepicardial and subendocardial twist and LV remodeling 6 months after AMI.


METHODS
A total of 213 patients with ST-segment elevation AMIs who underwent three-dimensional echocardiography for LV volumes and functional assessment and two-dimensional speckle-tracking analysis for the evaluation of LV twist (subendocardial vs subepicardial) were retrospectively included. A subgroup of 40 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 2 months for infarct size quantification.


RESULTS
Peak subepicardial twist was strongly related to infarct size (number of segments with transmural scar: r(2) = 0.526, P < .001; total scar score: r(2) = 0.515, P < .001) compared with peak subendocardial twist (number of segments with transmural scar: r(2) = 0.379, P < .001; total scar score: r(2) = 0.331, P < .001). In the overall population, 44 patients (21%) developed significant LV remodeling at 6-month follow-up (LV end-systolic volume increase ≥ 15%). These patients showed significantly more impaired peak subepicardial and subendocardial twist at baseline compared with patients without LV remodeling (4.5 ± 1.3° vs 9.4 ± 3.5°, P < .001; 7.0 ± 3.2° vs 12.9 ± 5.8°, P < .001, respectively). Importantly, peak subepicardial twist (odds ratio, 0.241; 95% confidence interval, 0.134-0.431; P < .001) and peak troponin T (odds ratio, 1.152; 95% confidence interval, 1.006-1.320; P = .041) were independently associated with the development of LV remodeling.


CONCLUSIONS
Peak subepicardial twist strongly reflects infarct transmurality as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and is independently associated with LV remodeling after AMI.
Learning Conditional Preference Networks from Inconsistent Examples

The problem of learning conditional preference networks (CP-nets) from a set of examples has received great attention recently. However, because of the randomicity of the users' behaviors and the observation errors, there is always some noise making the examples inconsistent, namely, there exists at least one outcome preferred over itself (by transferring) in examples. Existing CP-nets learning methods cannot handle inconsistent examples. In this work, we introduce the model of learning consistent CP-nets from inconsistent examples and present a method to solve this model. We do not learn the CP-nets directly. Instead, we first learn a preference graph from the inconsistent examples, because dominance testing and consistency testing in preference graphs are easier than those in CP-nets. The problem of learning preference graphs is translated into a 0-1 programming and is solved by the branch-and-bound search. Then, the obtained preference graph is transformed into a CP-net equivalently, which can entail a subset of examples with maximal sum of weight. Examples are given to show that our method can obtain consistent CP-nets over both binary and multivalued variables from inconsistent examples. The proposed method is verified on both simulated data and real data, and it is also compared with existing methods.
Ophthalmic nurse practitioner led diabetic retinopathy screening. Results of a 3-month trial

PurposeTo describe the design and implementation of a nurse led diabetic retinopathy screening clinic. To present the results of a 3-month trial period assessing the concordance of retinopathy grading between a nurse practitioner and an ophthalmologist.MethodPatients attending for annual diabetic eye review during an initial 3-month trial period were assessed in a dedicated diabetic eye clinic by an ophthalmic nurse practitioner and an ophthalmologist, with both grading the degree of diabetic retinopathy using to the Wisconsin grading system. Each was masked as to the other's findings. The concordance of retinopathy grading between ophthalmic nurse practitioner and ophthalmologist was assessed.ResultsA total of 95 patients (189 eyes) were assessed during the study period. A 92% concordance was achieved between the ophthalmologist and the ophthalmic nurse practitioner. In total, 72 eyes were graded as having some degree of retinopathy by the ophthalmologist. The sensitivity of the nurse practitioner for diagnosing the presence of diabetic retinopathy was 93%, and the specificity 91%. Nine eyes with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse, and four with clinically significant macular oedema were seen. All were correctly identified by the nurse practitioner.ConclusionsThe structure and management protocols of the clinic are described. An excellent concordance between ophthalmologist and nurse practitioner was achieved in this group of patients with relatively less advanced retinopathy.
A Global Compactness type result for Palais–Smale sequences in fractional Sobolev spaces

Since the seminal paper [17], global compactness properties for Palais-Smale sequences in the Sobolev space H1 have become very important tools in Nonlinear Analysis which have been crucial in many existence results, e.g. for ground states and blow-up solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, for solutions of Yamabe-type equations both in conformal and in CR geometry, for prescribing Q-curvature problems, etc... Together with the aforementioned examples concerning single equations in a scalar unknown function, more difficult systems of PDEs, often related to other geometric problems, share similar compactness properties for their solutions; for instance, this is the case for parametric surfaces of constant mean curvature, harmonic maps from Riemann surfaces into Riemannian manifolds, Yang-Mills connections over four-manifolds, pseudo-holomorphic curves into symplectic manifolds, planar Toda systems, etc... The involved literature is really too wide to attempt any reasonable account here.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid in Malignant Pleural Disease: A Proof of Principle Pilot Study

INTRODUCTION
Animal studies have shown Zoledronic Acid (ZA) may diminish pleural fluid accumulation and tumour bulk in malignant pleural disease (MPD). We performed a pilot study to evaluate its effects in humans.


METHODS
We undertook a single centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults with MPD. Patients were randomised (1:1) to receive 2 doses of intravenous ZA or placebo, 3 weeks apart and were followed-up for 6 weeks. The co-primary outcomes were change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score measured breathlessness during trial follow-up and change in the initial area under the curve (iAUC) on thoracic Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) from randomisation to week 5. Multiple secondary endpoints were also evaluated.


RESULTS
Between January 2010 and May 2013, 30 patients were enrolled, 24 randomised and 4 withdrew after randomisation (1 withdrew consent; 3 had a clinical decline). At baseline, the ZA group were more breathless, had more advanced disease on radiology and worse quality of life than the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the groups with regards change in breathlessness (Adjusted mean difference (AMD) 4.16 (95%CI -4.7 to 13.0)) or change in DCE-MRI iAUC (AMD -15.4 (95%CI -58.1 to 27.3). Two of nine (22%) in the ZA arm had a >10% improvement by modified RECIST (vs 0/11 who received placebo). There was no significant difference in quality of life measured by the QLQ-C30 score (global QOL: AMD -4.1 (-13.0 to 4.9)), side effects or serious adverse event rates.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first human study to evaluate ZA in MPD. The study is limited by small numbers and imbalanced baseline characteristics. Although no convincing treatment effect was identified, potential benefits for specific subgroups of patients cannot be excluded. This study provides important information regarding the feasibility of future trials to evaluate the effects of ZA further.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
UK Clinical Research Network ID 8877 ISRCTN17030426 www.isrctn.com.
COMA-boost: co-operative multi agent AdaBoost

Multi feature space representation is a common practise in computer vision applications. Traditional features such as HOG, SIFT, SURF etc., individually encapsulates certain discriminative cues for visual classification. On the other hand, each layer of a deep neural network generates multi ordered representations. In this paper we present a novel approach for such multi feature representation learning using Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost). General practise in AdaBoost [8] is to concatenate components of feature spaces and train base learners to classify examples as correctly/incorrectly classified. We posit that multi feature space learning should be viewed as a derivative of cooperative multi agent learning. To this end, we propose a mathematical framework to leverage performance of base learners over each feature space, gauge a measure of "difficulty" of training space and finally make soft weight updates rather than strict binary weight updates prevalent in regular AdaBoost. This is made possible by periodically sharing of response states by our learner agents in the boosting framework. Theoretically, such soft weight update policy allows infinite combinations of weight updates on training space compared to only two possibilities in AdaBoost. This opens up the opportunity to identify 'more difficult' examples compared to 'less difficult' examples. We test our model on traditional multi feature representation of MNIST handwritten character dataset and 100-Leaves classification challenge. We consistently outperform traditional and variants of multi view boosting in terms of accuracy while margin analysis reveals that proposed method fosters formation of more confident ensemble of learner agents. As an application of using our model in conjecture with deep neural network, we test our model on the challenging task of retinal blood vessel segmentation from fundus images of DRIVE dataset by using kernel dictionaries from layers of unsupervised trained stacked autoencoder network. Our work opens a new avenue of research for combining a popular statistical machine learning paradigm with deep network architectures.
DEDICATED BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT CENTRES WITH. FACILITIES FOR FULL IMAGE-GUIDED ASSESSMENT AND IMAGE-GUIDED SURGERY IN THE DEVELOPING AREAS OF PAKISTAN--A LONG OVERDUE NECESSITY.

BACKGROUND
Dedicated centres to manage breast cancers are important to combat this menace. An example of practice in the U.K. Hospitals is given with an attempt to explain reasons for an urgent need of dedicated breast cancer centres in developing areas of Pakistan.


METHODS
The rates of breast conservation, mastectomy, and immediate breast reconstruction are compared between a centre in the U.K. and a secondary radiotherapy facility in developing areas in Pakistan for 2011.


RESULTS
At Kettering General Hospital, 152 patients (71%) had breast conservation therapy including image-guided surgery, 45 (29%) had mastectomy and 15 (33.3%) had immediate breast reconstruction. All the 263 patients who had adjuvant therapy with surgery, has had mastectomy at the institute of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine (IRNUM) in Peshawar, and no patient had immediate reconstruction.


CONCLUSION
The availability of mammogram in individual clinics in Peshawar, without the back up of dedicated breast cancer centre fails to materialize the dream of provision of whole spectrum of breast cancer care. Government and international donor organisations may need to be approached for. investment in technology and training of personnel.
A generalization of the Taylor complex construction

Given multigraded free resolutions of two monomial ideals we construct a multigraded free resolution of the sum of the two ideals.
Plasma urotensin in human systolic heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Human urotensin II (UTN) has potent vasoactive and cardiostimulatory effects, acting on the G protein-linked receptor GPR14. Myocardial UTN expression is upregulated in heart failure, and UTN stimulates myocardial expression of the natriuretic peptides. We investigated plasma UTN levels in heart failure (HF; left ventricular systolic dysfunction) in comparison with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) levels.


METHODS AND RESULTS
N-BNP and UTN were measured in plasma from 126 patients with HF and 220 age- and sex-matched controls. Both peptides were elevated in plasma of HF patients and were correlated (r(s)=0.35, P<0.001). In contrast to N-BNP, there was no relationship of plasma UTN with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. Although plasma N-BNP showed a positive relationship with age and female sex, there was no such age-dependent change in plasma UTN, and control women had lower levels compared with control men. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnosis of HF had areas of 0.90 and 0.86 for N-BNP and UTN, respectively (P<0.001 for both). Receiver operating characteristic curve area for diagnosis of NYHA class I HF with UTN was better than that with N-BNP.


CONCLUSIONS
Plasma UTN is elevated in HF, which suggests a pathophysiological role for this peptide. Plasma UTN may be a useful alternative to N-BNP in the diagnosis of HF, inasmuch as its levels are elevated irrespective of age, sex, or NYHA class.
The method of generalized generating sequences

The method of generalized generating sequences (GGS) is based on some modi®cations of the standard generating function. This method is convenient for a computerized calculation of enumeration problems that arise in discrete optimization. This method will be described below in the context of optimal redundancy problems. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Strategies of parallelizing nested loops on the multicore architectures on the example of the WZ factorization for the dense matrices

In the WZ factorization the outermost parallel loop decreases the number of iterations executed at each step and this changes the amount of parallelism in each step. The aim of the paper is to present four strategies of parallelizing nested loops on multicore architectures on the example of the WZ factorization.