LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CYP2D6 and efficacy of tamoxifen and raloxifene in women treated for breast cancer chemoprevention: results from the NSABP P1 and P2 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND
Controversy exists regarding the association between CYP2D6 enzyme activity and tamoxifen effectiveness in the adjuvant treatment of invasive breast cancer; however, this association in the primary prevention of breast cancer is unknown.


METHODS
We conducted a nested case-control study in the context of the NSABP P1 and P2 prevention trials to determine the impact of CYP2D6 genotype, CYP2D6 inhibitor use, and metabolizer status (CYP2D6 genotype combined with CYP2D6 inhibitor use), on breast cancer events. Women who developed breast cancer (both noninvasive and invasive) while on 5 years of selective estrogen receptor modulators therapy (cases) were matched to controls free of breast cancer. Comprehensive CYP2D6 genotyping was conducted for alleles associated with absent (*3, *4, *5, and *6), reduced (*10, *17, and *41), and increased (*1XN and *2XN) enzyme activity. Information regarding the use of CYP2D6 inhibitors was recorded.


RESULTS
A total of 591 cases were matched to 1,126 controls and DNA was genotyped in more than 97%. In patients treated with tamoxifen, there was no association of CYP2D6 genotype [OR (extensive/poor metabolizer): 0.90; 95% CI: 0.46-1.74, P = 0.74), use of a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor (OR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.575-1.486), or CYP2D6 metabolizer status (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.669-1.607) with breast cancer occurrence. Likewise, there was no association between any CYP2D6 metabolism parameter with breast cancer events in raloxifene-treated patients.


CONCLUSION
In the NSABP P1 and P2 clinical trials, alterations in CYP2D6 metabolism are not associated with either tamoxifen or raloxifene efficacy.
Severity-Dependent Long-Term Spatial Learning-Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young adults. Long-term mental disability often occurs in patients suffering moderate and severe TBI while not as frequent in the victims of mild TBI. To explore the potential mechanism underlying this severity-dependent cognitive deficit, we subjected C57/BL6 mice to different severities of controlled cortical impact (CCI) and assessed their learning-memory functions. The mice subjected to moderate and severe TBI exhibited significantly impaired long-term spatial learning-memory ability, which was accompanied by marked white matter injury and hippocampus damage. In contrast, long-term learning-memory deficits or structural abnormalities within the hippocampus or white matter were not significant in the case of mild TBI. According to a correlation analysis, the hippocampus or white matter injury severity was more relevant to Morris water maze outcome than tissue volume. This study revealed that long-term spatial learning-memory deficits are dependent on the severity of destruction in the white matter and hippocampus. Therapeutic strategies targeting both the white matter and hippocampus may be needed to improve the neurological functions in TBI victims.
Impact of remote magnetic catheter navigation on ablation fluoroscopy and procedure time.

BACKGROUND
Remote magnetic catheter navigation (RCN) is gaining acceptance in clinical cardiac electrophysiology, but details regarding how RCN affects procedure execution are not well characterized.


METHODS
From January 1, 2005, to November 30, 2007, 721 cases were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Of these, 127 used RCN and 594 used manual catheter navigation (MCN). Data including procedure time, fluoroscopy time, ablation catheter, procedural success, and complications were extracted from our procedure database and compared between RCN and MCN.


RESULTS
RCN use significantly decreased fluoroscopy time for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation (-29 minutes, P < 0.001), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation (-14 minutes, P < 0.001), and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ablation (-18 minutes, P = 0.045). While RCN significantly increased mean procedure time for AF (+36 minutes, P = 0.003) and atypical atrial flutter cases (+116 minutes, P = 0.016), RCN AF procedure time diminished with increasing number of cases performed. Two cases of tamponade occurred during AF ablation using MCN (2.2%, 2 of 91 cases). No tamponade occurred during all 75 AF ablations with RCN.


CONCLUSION
RCN can reduce fluoroscopy time and may reduce complications during catheter ablation. While it may increase total procedure duration, procedure times decrease with increasing operator experience. (PACE 2008; 31:1399-1404).
Annotating documents with relevant Wikipedia concepts

We describe an efficient approach for annotating a document with relevant concepts from the Wikipedia. A pagerank-based method is used to identify a coherent set of relevant concepts considering the input document as a whole. The proposed approach is suitable for parallel processing and can support any language for which a sufficiently large Wikipedia is available.
AI amusements: the tragic tale of Tay the chatbot

The sad tale tells how TAY, a maiden chatbot, of innocent heart, benevolent desires, and amiable disposition, was released to the Internet; and how an evil conspiracy corrupted her into a malevolent, foulmouthed crone.
Lie algebras and growth in branch groups

We compute the structure of the Lie algebra associated to two examples of branch groups, and show that one has finite width while the other has unbounded width. This answers a question by Sidki. We then draw some general results relating the growth of a branch group, of its Lie algebra, of its graded group ring, and of a natural homogeneous space we call parabolic space. Finally we use this information to completely and explicitly describe the normal subgroups of G, the " Grigorchuk group " .
Short-term combined effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and cervical spine nonthrust manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial.

STUDY DESIGN
Randomized clinical trial.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the short-term effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation combined with cervical spine nonthrust manipulation (experimental group) versus cervical spine nonthrust manipulation alone (comparison group) in individuals with mechanical neck pain.


BACKGROUND
Research has demonstrated improved outcomes with both nonthrust manipulation directed at the cervical spine and thrust manipulation directed at the thoracic spine in patients with neck pain. Previous studies have not determined if thoracic spine thrust manipulation may increase benefits beyond those provided by cervical nonthrust manipulation alone.


METHODS
Sixty-four participants with mechanical neck pain were randomized into 1 of 2 groups, an experimental or comparison group. Both groups received 2 treatment sessions of cervical spine nonthrust manipulation and a home exercise program consisting of active range-of-motion exercises, and the experimental group received additional thoracic spine thrust manipulations. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and at a 1-week follow-up, and included the numeric pain rating scale, the Neck Disability Index, and the global rating of change.


RESULTS
Participants in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements (P<.001) on both the numeric pain rating scale and Neck Disability Index at the 1-week follow-up compared to those in the comparison group. In addition, 31 of 33 (94%) participants in the experimental group, compared to 11 of 31 participants (35%) in the comparison group, indicated a global rating of change score of +4 or higher at the 1-week follow-up, with an associated number needed to treat of 2.


CONCLUSION
Individuals with neck pain who received a combination of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and cervical spine nonthrust manipulation plus exercise demonstrated better overall short-term outcomes on the numeric pain rating scale, the Neck Disability Index, and the global rating of change.
Predictors of spontaneous reverse remodeling in mild heart failure patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND
There are limited data regarding factors associated with spontaneous left ventricular reverse remodeling (S-LVRR) among mildly symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients and its prognostic implications on clinical outcomes.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Best subsets logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with S-LVRR (defined as ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume at 1-year of follow-up) among 612 patients treated with internal cardioverter defibrillator-only therapy in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) and to create a score for the prediction of S-LVRR. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the clinical outcome of all internal cardioverter defibrillator-only patients (n=714) with a high S-LVRR score. S-LVRR occurred in 25% of internal cardioverter defibrillator-only patients. Predictors of S-LVRR included systolic blood pressure≥140 mm Hg, serum creatinine<1.0 mg/dL, QRS 130 to 160 ms, and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Multivariate analysis showed that each 1-point increment in S-LVRR score (range, 0-7) was associated with an 11% (P=0.019) reduction in the risk of HF or death. Treatment with cardiac resynchronization therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of HF or death only among internal cardioverter defibrillator-treated patients with a low (Q1-3) S-LVRR score (hazard ratio=0.55; P<0.001), but not among those with a higher (Q4) score (hazard ratio=1.06; P=0.72).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that approximately one quarter of mild HF patients eligible for biventricular pacing experience S-LVRR. Combined assessment of clinical factors associated with S-LVRR can be used to identify mild HF patients with a low risk for clinical events without cardiac resynchronization therapy intervention.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00180271.
Do You Remember the Day We Met? Early Couple Relationship Memories

This column addresses the use of early memories of marriage relationships when counseling couples. This extension of the use of early recollections in Adlerian therapy provides couples and therapists with additional insight into individual convictions about present relationships.
MOMENTUM EFFECT , VALUE EFFECT , RISK PREMIUM AND PREDICTABILITY OF STOCK RETURNS – A STUDY ON INDIAN MARKET

Article History Received: 26 March 2018 Revised: 2 May 2018 Accepted: 9 May 2018 Published: 14 May 2018
Moving Object Detection Algorithm Based on Gaussian Mixture Model and HSV Space

Aiming at the traditional Gaussian mixture model has poor adaptability to the complex scenes, we proposes an improved moving object detection algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model and HSV space. The motion region is first extracted by the improved three-frame difference method. With the matching results, region segmentation of current frame is realized. Then different regions adopt different update strategy that improves the ability to reflect the illumination and scenes change. Next, utilizing characteristics of HSV color space and image first-order gradient achieve shadow detection. It effectively reduces interference of shadows, especially the pixels of foreground which has similar brightness properties with background. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good robustness and real-time performance.
Studying Gamification as a Collaboration Motivator for Virtual Software Teams : Social Issues , Cultural

Gamification is the application of game elements and game design techniques in non-game contexts to engage and motivate people to achieve their goals. Motivation is an essential requirement for effective and efficient collaboration, which is particularly challenging when people work distributedly. In this paper, we discuss the topics of collaboration, motivation, and gamification in the context of software engineering. We then introduce our long-term research goal—building a theoretical framework that defines how gamification can be used as a collaboration motivator for virtual software teams. We also highlight the roles that social and cultural issues might play in understanding the phenomenon. Finally, we give an overview of our proposed research method to foster discussion during the workshop on how to best investigate the topic. Author
Perturbative quantum field theory at positive temperatures: An axiomatic approach

It is shown that the perturbative expansions of the correlation functions of a relativistic quantum field theory at finite temperature are uniquely determined by the equations of motion and standard axiomatic requirements, including the KMS condition. An explicit expression as a sum over generalized Feynman graphs is derived. The canonical formalism is not used, and the derivation proceeds from the beginning in the thermodynamic limit. No doubling of fields is invoked. An unsolved problem concerning existence of these perturbative expressions is pointed out.
Algorithms for Visualizing Large Networks

Graphs are often used to encapsulate relationship between objects. Graph drawing enables visualization of such relationships. The usefulness of this visual representation is dependent on whether the drawing is aesthetic. While there are no strict criteria for aesthetics of a drawing, it is generally agreed, for example, that such a drawing has minimal edge crossing, with vertices evenly distributed in the space, connected vertices close to each other, and with symmetry that may exist in the graph preserved. One of the earliest example of graph drawing is probably the Mill (also known as Morris) game boards, found in the 13th century The Book of Games, produced under the direction of Alfonso X (1221-1284), King of Castile (Spain). Other examples of early graph drawing are drawings of family trees, and trees of virtues and vices. In 1735, Euler presented and later published his famous paper [13] on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. The problem was to find a walk through the city of Königsberg, which include two islands connected to the mainland by seven bridges (Figure 1). The walk must cross each bridge once and only once. Euler proved that such a walk is not possible. Euler’s paper laid the foundation of graph theory. Interestingly, however, Euler did not provide a drawing of the graph representation of the problem itself in the paper. In the 18th century, the Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, William Hamilton, invented the Iconsian game. To play the game, one has to visit every node of a dodecahedral graph once, and back to the starting node. Every edge can be passed at most once. In 1857 he sold the game to a London game dealer for 25 Pounds (about 3000 US dollars in today’s money after taking into account of inflation). The dealer made two versions; unfortunately, neither sold well, probably because the game was so simple that even a child could succeed. Around the same time, British mathematician Arthur Cayley wrote a paper on the enumeration of tree diagrams. In the paper he pioneered the
Rotator cuff healing using demineralized cancellous bone matrix sponge interposition compared to standard repair in a preclinical canine model.

This Level II study assessed clinically relevant outcomes for repair of large, retracted infraspinatus tendons (ISTs) using a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) sponge (FlexiGraft) hydrated in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus direct repair in a validated canine model. Adult research dogs (n = 10) were used. The IST was transected in each shoulder (n = 20) and randomized to direct repair or repair with DBM-PRP interposition at 4 weeks posttransection. At 12 weeks postrepair, dogs were sacrificed, and the repair evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology, and biomechanical testing. MRI and histology scores were significantly (p < 0.05) better in the DBM-PRP shoulders. Biomechanical testing revealed significantly improved strength of the DBM-PRP repairs at 5 and 10 mm of displacement, as well as for ultimate failure load. In this canine model of retracted IST repair, DBM-PRP sponge hydrated in PRP was considered safe and effective. In addition, use of DBM-PRP was associated with improved MRI and histologic appearance, and improved strength compared to direct repair.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Based on reported failure rates for repair of large, retracted rotator cuff tears, improving tendon-to-bone healing is critical. Use of DBM combined with PRP shows potential for addressing this critical clinical need. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:906-912, 2018.
Transparent Alumina Ceramics with Sub‐Microstructure by Means of Electrophoretic Deposition

Alumina is a multifunctional ceramic material combining hardness, corrosion and temperature resistance. Furthermore, the optical properties of aluminium oxide ceramic are of great interest. Therefore processing has to beoptimized. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a colloidal process, where ceramic bodies are directly shaped from a stable suspension by an applied electric field. Forming bodies via electrophoretic deposition allows obtaining homogeneous uniform green microstructures with high density. It is a facile and precise technique to synthesize not only monoliths, but also composites with complex geometries [1]. Alumina green bodies were deposited from stabilized aqueous suspensions with and without doping. Green compacts of alumina were evaluated through their pore size distribution and density. Densification behavior was characterized by dilatometric studies, which were conducted at constant heating rate. Doping has a negative influence on suspension preparation, but contributes to the final densification of alumina. Samples were sintered at different temperatures with subsequent post densification via hot isostatic pressing. Transparency was evaluated by spectroscopic measurements. The measured in-line transmission of the samples at 645 nm was more than 50% and this is 58% from the value of sapphire. Mechanical properties of the samples were tested. The influence of dopings on transparency was investigated.
Automated Training of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Cell Segmentation

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) have recently emerged as superior for many image segmentation tasks. The DCNN performance is however heavily dependent on the availability of large amounts of problem-specific training samples. Here we show that DCNNs trained on ground truth created automatically using fluorescently labeled cells, perform similar to manual annotations.
Breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 increases vitamin concentrations and reduces homocysteine concentrations: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
High homocysteine and low B vitamin concentrations have been linked to the risk of vascular disease, stroke, and dementia and are relatively common in older adults.


OBJECTIVE
We assessed the effect of breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 on vitamin and homocysteine status.


DESIGN
A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted in 189 volunteers aged 50-85 y. The subjects had no history of hypertension, anemia, asthma, cancer, or cardiovascular or digestive disease and did not regularly consume multiple or B vitamin supplements or highly fortified breakfast cereal. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume 1 cup (0.24 L) breakfast cereal fortified with 440 microg folic acid, 1.8 mg vitamin B-6, and 4.8 microg vitamin B-12 or placebo cereal for 12 wk. Blood was drawn at 0, 2, 12, and 14 wk. Methionine-loading tests were conducted at baseline and week 14.


RESULTS
Final baseline-adjusted plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower and B vitamin concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The percentage of subjects with plasma folate concentrations < 11 nmol/L decreased from 2% to 0%, with vitamin B-12 concentrations < 185 pmol/L from 9% to 3%, with vitamin B-6 concentrations < 20 nmol/L from 6% to 2%, and with homocysteine concentrations > 10.4 micromol/L (women) or > 11.4 micromol/L (men) from 6.4% to 1.6%. The percentage of control subjects with values beyond these cutoff points remained nearly constant or increased.


CONCLUSIONS
In this relatively healthy group of volunteers, consumption of 1 cup fortified breakfast cereal daily significantly increased B vitamin and decreased homocysteine concentrations, including post-methionine-load homocysteine concentrations.
Polyposis syndromes in children and adolescents: a case series data analysis.

BACKGROUND
Polyposis syndromes in children are distinct entities clinically and pathologically. These syndromes have multiple genetic characteristics, with development of polyps at various sites of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and are associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. They are relatively rare, and have mostly been characterized in the adult population, whereas little epidemiologic data have been reported in children.


AIMS
The aim of this study was to summarize the pediatric experience collected over a period of 11 years on polyposis syndromes in three major Israeli tertiary centers.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Medical records of children below 18 years old and their families, diagnosed with polyposis syndromes between 1999 and 2010, were reviewed. The data included disease presentation, genetic profile, surveillance, and treatment.


RESULTS
Fifty patients with polyposis syndromes were identified. The most frequent syndrome was familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in 33 children (66%), of whom 25 children (75.7%) had a known mutation. The mean age at presentation was 10.6±3.9 years (range 4-17 years). Most children were examined because of a family history of a polyposis syndrome (42 children, 84%). Among symptomatic children (32 children), the most frequent complaint was rectal bleeding (42%), followed by abdominal pain (22%), intussusception (10%), and diarrhea (4%). The youngest symptomatic patient was 4 years old at presentation, with rectal bleeding.All patients underwent multiple colonoscopies and upper GI endoscopies according to specific guidelines. Thirteen children underwent colonic surgery (39%); nine children had FAP. Adenocarcinoma of the colon was diagnosed in a 12.5-year-old child.


CONCLUSION
In this cohort study, FAP was the most common type of polyposis syndrome diagnosed in this pediatric population. Colon cancer was present at the onset of symptoms in a 12.5-year-old patient with FAP. We therefore recommend strict adherence to the hereditary GI cancer guidelines to prevent morbidity and mortality in FAP and other inherited polyposis syndromes.
Cluster analysis of heterogeneous rank data

Cluster analysis of ranking data, which occurs in consumer questionnaires, voting forms or other inquiries of preferences, attempts to identify typical groups of rank choices. Empirically measured rankings are often incomplete, i.e. different numbers of filled rank positions cause heterogeneity in the data. We propose a mixture approach for clustering of heterogeneous rank data. Rankings of different lengths can be described and compared by means of a single probabilistic model. A maximum entropy approach avoids hidden assumptions about missing rank positions. Parameter estimators and an efficient EM algorithm for unsupervised inference are derived for the ranking mixture model. Experiments on both synthetic data and real-world data demonstrate significantly improved parameter estimates on heterogeneous data when the incomplete rankings are included in the inference process.