LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Affective influences on self-disclosure: mood effects on the intimacy and reciprocity of disclosing personal information.

How does mood influence people's willingness to disclose intimate information about themselves? Based on recent affect-cognition theories and research on interpersonal behavior, 3 experiments predicted and found that people in a positive mood disclosed more intimate, more varied, and more abstract information about themselves. In contrast, people in a negative mood were more attentive to the behavior of others and reciprocated self-disclosure from their partners more accurately. This effect was obtained in hypothetical situations (Experiments 1 and 2) and in realistic computer-mediated interactions as well (Experiment 3). Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed that mood effects on self-disclosure were mediated by information processing style. The role of affect in information processing and relationship behaviors in particular is discussed, and the implications of these findings for everyday interaction strategies and for contemporary affect-cognition theorizing are considered.
Experiences Threat Modeling at Microsoft

Describes a decade of experience threat modeling products and services at Microsoft. Describes the current threat modeling methodology used in the Security Development Lifecycle. The methodology is a practical approach, usable by non-experts, centered on data flow diagrams and a threat enumeration technique of ‘STRIDE per element.’ The paper covers some lessons learned which are likely applicable to other security analysis techniques. The paper closes with some possible questions for academic research.
Development of GPS-based attitude determination algorithms

This paper describes two Global Positioning System (GPS) based attitude determination algorithms which contain steps of integer ambiguity resolution and attitude computation. The first algorithm extends the ambiguity function method to account for the unique requirement of attitude determination. The second algorithm explores the artificial neural network approach to find the attitude. A test platform is set up for verifying these algorithms.
Enjoy and learn with educational games: Examining factors affecting learning performance

Educational games have enhanced the value of instruction procedures in institutions and business organizations. Factors that increase students’ adoption of learning games have been widely studied in past; however, the effect of these factors on learners’ performance is yet to be explored. In this study, factors of Enjoyment, Happiness, and Intention to Use were chosen as important attitudes in learning educational games and increasing learning performance. A two-step between group experiment was conducted: the first study compared game-based learning and traditional instruction in order to verify the value of the game. 41 Gymnasium (middle school) students were involved, and the control and experimental groups were formed based on a pretest method. The second study, involving 46 Gymnasium students, empirically evaluates whether and how certain attitudinal factors affect learners’ performance. The results of the two-part experiment showed that a) the game demonstrated good performance (as compared to traditional instruction) concerning the gain of knowledge, b) learners’ enjoyment of the game has a significant relation with their performance, and c) learners’ intention to use and happiness with the game do not have any relation with their performance. Our results suggest that there are attitudinal factors affecting knowledge acquisition gained by a game. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Research on key technologies base Unity3D game engine

Game engine is the core of game development. Unity3D is a game engine that supports the development on multiple platforms including web, mobiles, etc. The main technology characters of Unity3D are introduced firstly. The component model, event-driven model and class relationships in Unity3D are analyzed. Finally, a generating NPCs algorithm and a shooting algorithm are respectively presented to show common key technologies in Unity3D.
Zero-Shot Learning and Clustering for Semantic Utterance Classification

We propose two novel zero-shot learning methods for semantic utterance classification (SUC) using deep learning. Both approaches rely on learning deep semantic embeddings from a large amount of Query Click Log data obtained from a search engine. Traditional semantic utterance classification systems require large amounts of labelled data, whereas our proposed methods make use of the structure of the task to allow classification without labeled data. We also develop a zero-shot semantic clustering algorithm for extracting discriminative features for supervised semantic utterance classification systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the zero-shot semantic learning algorithm on the SUC dataset collected by [1]. Furthermore, we show that extracting features using zero-shot semantic clustering for a linear SVM reaches state-of-the-art result on that dataset.
Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study

BACKGROUND
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide have been shown to improve glycaemic control and reduce bodyweight in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly with liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
We did a 26 week, open-label, randomised, parallel-group study at 105 sites in 19 countries between Jan 11, 2010, and Jan 17, 2011. Patients aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated with lifestyle modification and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs were randomly assigned (1:1), via a computer-generated randomisation sequence with a voice response system, to receive injections of once-daily liraglutide (1·8 mg) or once-weekly exenatide (2 mg). Participants and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) from baseline to week 26. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01029886.


FINDINGS
Of 912 randomised patients, 911 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (450 liraglutide, 461 exenatide). The least-squares mean change in HbA(1c) was greater in patients in the liraglutide group (-1·48%, SE 0·05; n=386) than in those in the exenatide group (-1·28%, 0·05; 390) with the treatment difference (0·21%, 95% CI 0·08-0·33) not meeting predefined non-inferiority criteria (upper limit of CI <0·25%). The most common adverse events were nausea (93 [21%] in the liraglutide group vs 43 [9%] in the exenatide group), diarrhoea (59 [13%] vs 28 [6%]), and vomiting 48 [11%] vs 17 [4%]), which occurred less frequently in the exenatide group and with decreasing incidence over time in both groups. 24 (5%) patients allocated to liraglutide and 12 (3%) allocated to exenatide discontinued participation because of adverse events.


INTERPRETATION
Both once daily liraglutide and once weekly exenatide led to improvements in glycaemic control, with greater reductions noted with liraglutide. These findings, plus differences in injection frequency and tolerability, could inform therapeutic decisions for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.


FUNDING
Eli Lilly and Company and Amylin Pharmaceuticals LLC.
Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic accuracy in Alzheimer's disease: a synthesis of existing evidence.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This report synthesizes existing evidence to compare the accuracy of various Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic approaches.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Meta-analyses and reviews of diagnostic accuracy of AD were identified through a search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the keyword combinations of "sensitivity specificity Alzheimer's disease diagnosis" and "accuracy of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis."


RESULTS
From 507 abstracts initially identified, 41 systematic reviews or meta-analyses were selected. Cerebrospinal fluid-tau demonstrated variable sensitivity (range 73.3%-100%) and specificity (range 70.0%-92.4%) in diagnosing AD when compared to neuropathological verification of clinical criteria for AD. Various positron emission tomography approaches showed a similar range of sensitivity (range 80.0%-100%) and specificity (range 62.0%-90%) as diagnostic protocols.


IMPLICATIONS
Issues that remain in the study of AD diagnosis include the need to determine the comparative effectiveness of diagnostic approaches. Variations in study quality make empirically derived conclusions about the diagnostic accuracy of existing approaches tenuous.
Acellular cadaveric dermis decreases the inflammatory response in capsule formation in reconstructive breast surgery.

BACKGROUND
Acellular cadaveric dermis in implant-based breast reconstruction provides an alternative to total submuscular placement. To date, there has been no detailed in vivo human analysis of the histopathologic sequelae of acellular cadaveric dermis in implant-based breast reconstruction. Based on clinical observations, we hypothesize that acellular cadaveric dermis decreases the inflammatory response and foreign body reaction normally seen around breast implants.


METHODS
Twenty patients underwent tissue expander reconstruction using the "dual-plane" acellular cadaveric dermis technique (AlloDerm). During implant exchange, intraoperative biopsy specimens were obtained of (1) biointegrated acellular cadaveric dermis and (2) native subpectoral capsule (internal control). Histopathologic analysis was performed. Masked biopsy specimens were scored semiquantitatively by an experienced histopathologist to reflect observed granulation tissue formation, vessel proliferation, chronic inflammatory changes, capsule fibrosis, fibroblast cellularity, and foreign body giant cell inflammatory reaction. Scores were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.


RESULTS
Acellular cadaveric dermis (AlloDerm) had statistically diminished levels for all parameters compared with corresponding native breast capsules (p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
This represents the first detailed histopathologic comparative analysis between biointegrated acellular cadaveric dermis and native capsules in implant-based breast reconstruction. These histopathologic findings suggest that certain properties intrinsic to acellular cadaveric dermis may limit capsule formation by diminishing inflammatory changes that initiate capsule formation. Further investigation is needed to determine whether acellular cadaveric dermis reduces the incidence of breast capsular contracture.
A hierarchy of distress: Mokken scaling of the GHQ-30.

BACKGROUND
Hierarchical cumulative scales are common and informative in psychology. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) does not appear to have been subjected to an analysis that examines the hierarchical and cumulative nature of its items. We report an analysis of data from the 30-item GHQ (GHQ-30) as part of the Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS).


METHOD
Data from 6317 participants who completed the GHQ-30 as part of the HALS were analysed using the Mokken Scaling Procedure (MSP), which is a computer program that searches polychotomous data for hierarchical and cumulative scales on the basis of a range of diagnostic criteria.


RESULTS
A final scale consisting of nine items from the GHQ-30 was obtained that, according to the criteria for a Mokken scale, was a reliable and very strong scale. The least difficult item in the scale is 'been (un)able to face up to your problems?' and the most difficult item is 'felt that life isn't worth living?'


CONCLUSIONS
Items from the GHQ-30 form a short hierarchical and cumulative scale. The majority of these items also appear in the GHQ-12. The nine-item GHQ shows better distribution properties than the GHQ-30 and compares very favourably with the GHQ-12.
Dietary iron does not impact the quality of life of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis: an observational study

BACKGROUND
In animal models, excess luminal iron exacerbates colonic inflammation and cancer development. Moreover, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with mild to moderate disease activity dietary fortificant iron intake is inversely related to quality of life. Here we sought to determine whether dietary iron intakes were also related to quality of life in IBD patients in remission.


METHODS
Forty eight patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 42 of which had quiescent disease during this observational study, and 53 healthy control subjects completed quality of life questionnaires and 7-day food diaries. For comparative analysis, 34/group were matched and the linear relationship between dietary iron intakes (total, haem, non-haem or fortificant) and EuroQol quality of life measures was investigated. For UC patients the linear relationship between dietary iron intakes and the scores from the disease specific inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) was also considered.


RESULTS
The intake of dietary iron, and its various sub-fractions, were not associated with quality of life (EuroQol) in patients with quiescent disease or in healthy control subjects. The picture was similar for the 42 quiescent UC patients when disease-specific IBDQ was used. However, the 6 patients who relapsed during the study again showed an inverse association between IBDQ and dietary iron intake (p = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that dietary iron does not impact on quality of life in quiescent UC patients but support that, once the disease is triggered, luminal iron may be a permissive factor for exacerbation of disease activity resulting in lower quality of life.
Sleep problems and their relation to cognitive factors, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND
Existing research indicates sleep problems to be prevalent in youth with internalizing disorders. However, childhood sleep problems are common in the general population and few data are available examining unique relationships between sleep, specific types of anxiety and depressive symptoms among non-clinical samples of children and adolescents.


METHODS
The presence of sleep problems was examined among a community sample of children and adolescents (N=175) in association with anxiety and depressive symptoms, age, and gender. Based on emerging findings from the adult literature we also examined associations between cognitive biases and sleep problems.


RESULTS
Overall findings revealed significant associations between sleep problems and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, though results varied by age. Depressive symptoms showed a greater association with sleep problems among adolescents, while anxiety symptoms were generally associated with sleep problems in all youth. Cognitive factors (cognitive errors and control beliefs) linked with anxiety and depression also were associated with sleep problems among adolescents, though these correlations were no longer significant after controlling for internalizing symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Results are discussed in terms of their implications for research and treatment of sleep and internalizing disorders in youth.
A Novel Vector Hysteresis Model Using Anisotropic Vector Play Model Taking Into Account Rotating Magnetic Fields

This paper presents an improved identification algorithm of the scalar play model, and suggests a novel vector play model to describe the vector hysteretic behavior of a nonoriented electrical steel sheet (ESS) under rotating magnetic fields. The proposed identification algorithm gives much better numerical accuracy than a conventional one by assigning more play operators than the measured asymmetric minor loops. The vector-shape function of the suggested vector play model consists of two scalar shape functions, which are independently identified by using measured hysteresis loops under alternating magnetic fields along rolling and transverse direction of ESS, respectively. The vector play model, furthermore, employs a nonlinear coefficient, which is a function of the magnitude and direction of magnetic flux density, to increase the numerical accuracy. The validity of the suggested vector play model is verified by comparing it with experimental results under various magnetic-field conditions.
Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000.

CONTEXT
Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption.


DESIGN AND SETTING
The 1999-2000 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population.


PARTICIPANTS
In 1999-2000, 1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Blood concentration of total mercury.


RESULTS
Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 micro g/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 microg/L) in children and 1.02 microg/L (95% CI, 0.85-1.20 microg/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 microg/L vs 0.51 microg/L; P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 microg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish.
The Effect of Pacing of Experimental Stimuli on Observed Functional MRI Activity

Neuroimaging activation studies typically observe signals during two or more periods of differing cognitive activity which are then analyzed by a subtraction to test for localized neuroanatomical dissociations between cognitive tasks. Significant activity found between task conditions is frequently assumed to reflect a novel cognitive process present in one task and not the other. We present a conceptual framework that considers the neural mechanisms underlying such observed neuroimaging changes. We propose that neuroimaging experiments which present stimuli at a fixed pace (where each trial takes the same amount of time) will be sensitive to changes in both duration and intensity of neural processing. In contrast, the signal observed during a self-paced design is derived from neural processing averaged over the reaction time and hence could be less sensitive to differences in duration of neural processing. As an empirical demonstration of these ideas, we studied normal subjects using echoplanar functional MRI during two visuospatial tasks (matching of either ROTATED or NONROTATED stimuli) performed using FIXED and SELF-PACED designs. In both pacing designs, reaction times were greater in the ROTATED than NONROTATED task, interpreted as a greater duration of neural processing during the ROTATED compared to the NONROTATED task. In the FIXED-PACED design, significantly greater signal was present within a parieto-occipital cortical region during the ROTATED task compared to the NONROTATED task. This difference was not observed during the SELF-PACED design. This result illustrates the importance of considering trial pacing in the interpretation of functional neuroimaging activation studies.
Achievement of NKF/K-DOQI recommended target values for bone and mineral metabolism in incident hemodialysis patients: results of the FARO-2 cohort.

BACKGROUND
Mineral Bone Disorders (MBD) is prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. The FARO-2 study evaluated the achievement of the NKF/K-DOQI guidelines on recommended target values for serum calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P) and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on survival in incident HD patients.


METHODS
Data were collected by questionnaire from 568 incident HD patients followed prospectively over a 3-year period from 26 Italian dialysis units. The cumulative probability of time-to-death for CKD-MBD treatment characteristics was determined by the Kaplan-Meier curves.


RESULTS
Serum PTH levels (median values at 6 months vs. 36 months; 225 vs. 254 pg/ml), Ca (8.8 vs. 8.9 g/dl) and P (5.1 vs. 4.8 mg/dl) were not significantly different at 6 months versus follow-up. The majority of incident HD patients (60-70%) who were followed up for 36 months did not achieve the NKF/K-DOQI recommended target values. Survival rates were higher in patients on target for three parameters versus patients off target (survival at 24 months: at target 95.7% (95% CI: 84.0-98.9) versus not on target 71.1% (95% CI: 66.3-75.4, p < 0.01)). The 30.1% of patients on target for three MBD parameters at least once during the follow-up period had better survival rates compared to those not reaching these targets (survival at 24 months: at least once 88.0% (95% CI: 81.9-92.1); 67.7% (95% CI: 61.9-72.8, p < 0.01)).


CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that incident HD patients who achieved target levels (for three MBD parameters) for at least one visit have a lower risk of mortality.
Selective control of Microcystis using an amino acid – a laboratory assay

An amino acid (L-lysine) was screened against eighteen strains ofCyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae. OnlyMicrocystis strains (Cyanophyceae) were sensitive tolysine; other strains were not affected. Cells of sevenMicrocystis strains (106 cellsmL−1) were completely killed within 48h by lysine at concentrations between 0.6 and 5.0 mgL−1. Two Microcystis strains wereinhibited by 92 and 98 %. Similar results were obtained when lysine malonateandlysine copper were used as algicides. Microcystis specieswere killed by lysine malonate at concentrations between 0.6 and 5 mgL−1, and by lysine copper at concentrations between 0.5and 20 mg L−1.
Female circumcision in Sudan: future prospects and strategies for eradication.

which is often referred to as clitoridectomy, entails removal of the tip of the prepuce, with or without excision of part or all of the clitoris. In Type 2, the clitoris is removed along with part or all of the labia minora. Type 3, infibulation, the most severe form of female circumcision, involves removal of most or all of the external genitalia. The vaginal opening is then stitched closed; only a small opening is left for the flow of urine and menstrual blood. Women’s infibulation scars may have to be cut open at childbirth or if problems in sexual intercourse are encountered. In Sudan, Type 1 is known as Sunna, and generally entails only removal of the tip of the prepuce. The intermediate Type 2 is referred to as Matwasat, and Type 3 is known as Pharaonic.6 Female circumcision is not associated with any one religious group. It is practiced by Muslims, Christians, Jews and members of indigenous African religions.7 Some Sudanese believe that Islam supM. Mazharul Islam is a professor in the Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. M. Mosleh Uddin is United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) representative in Iran. This article reports the results of a field survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Sudan with the financial and technical assistance of UNFPA. Female Circumcision in Sudan: Future Prospects and Strategies for Eradication