LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Design of Organic User Interfaces: Shape, Sketching and Hypercontext

With the emergence of flexible display technologies, it will be necessary for interface designers to move beyond flat interfaces and to contextualize interaction in an object’s physical shape. Grounded in early explorations of organic user interfaces (OUIs), this paper examines the evolving relationship between industrial and interaction designs and examines how not only what we design is changing, but how we design too. First, we discuss how (and why) to better support the design of OUIs: how supporting sketching, a fundamental activity of many design fields, is increasingly critical and why a ‘hypercontextualized’approach to their design can reduce the drawbacks met when everyday objects become interactive. Finally, underlying both these points is the maturation of technology to that of a computational material; when interactive hardware is seamlessly melded into an object’s shape, the ‘computer’ disappears and is better seen as a basic design material that, incidentally, happens to have interactive behavior.
Procrastination and Impatience ∗

We use a combination of lab and field evidence to study whether preferences for immediacy and the tendency to procrastinate are connected as in O’Donoghue and Rabin (1999a). To measure immediacy, we have participants choose between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards. Both rewards are paid by check to control for transaction costs. To measure procrastination, we record how fast participants cash their checks and complete other tasks. We find that individuals with a preference for immediacy are more likely to procrastinate. We also find evidence that individuals differ in the degree to which they anticipate their own procrastination. First version: December 2007 JEL Codes: D01, D03, D90
Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.

BACKGROUND
A substantial proportion of patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation have inadequate reperfusion or reocclusion of the infarct-related artery, leading to an increased risk of complications and death.


METHODS
We enrolled 3491 patients, 18 to 75 years of age, who presented within 12 hours after the onset of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction and randomly assigned them to receive clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose, followed by 75 mg once daily) or placebo. Patients received a fibrinolytic agent, aspirin, and when appropriate, heparin (dispensed according to body weight) and were scheduled to undergo angiography 48 to 192 hours after the start of study medication. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of an occluded infarct-related artery (defined by a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade of 0 or 1) on angiography or death or recurrent myocardial infarction before angiography.


RESULTS
The rates of the primary efficacy end point were 21.7 percent in the placebo group and 15.0 percent in the clopidogrel group, representing an absolute reduction of 6.7 percentage points in the rate and a 36 percent reduction in the odds of the end point with clopidogrel therapy (95 percent confidence interval, 24 to 47 percent; P<0.001). By 30 days, clopidogrel therapy reduced the odds of the composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent myocardial infarction, or recurrent ischemia leading to the need for urgent revascularization by 20 percent (from 14.1 to 11.6 percent, P=0.03). The rates of major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage were similar in the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients 75 years of age or younger who have myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and who receive aspirin and a standard fibrinolytic regimen, the addition of clopidogrel improves the patency rate of the infarct-related artery and reduces ischemic complications.
Streaming Normalization: Towards Simpler and More Biologically-plausible Normalizations for Online and Recurrent Learning

We systematically explored a spectrum of normalization algorithms related to Batch Normalization (BN) and propose a generalized formulation that simultaneously solves two major limitations of BN: (1) online learning and (2) recurrent learning. Our proposal is simpler and more biologically-plausible. Unlike previous approaches, our technique can be applied out of the box to all learning scenarios (e.g., online learning, batch learning, fully-connected, convolutional, feedforward, recurrent and mixed — recurrent and convolutional) and compare favorably with existing approaches. We also propose Lp Normalization for normalizing by different orders of statistical moments. In particular, L1 normalization is well-performing, simple to implement, fast to compute, more biologically-plausible and thus ideal for GPU or hardware implementations. This work was supported by the Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM), funded by NSF STC award CCF 1231216. 1 ar X iv :1 61 0. 06 16 0v 1 [ cs .L G ] 1 9 O ct 2 01 6 Approach FF & FC FF & Conv Rec & FC Rec & Conv Online Learning Small Batch All Combined Original Batch Normalization(BN) 3 3 7 7 7 Suboptimal 7 Time-specific BN 3 3 Limited Limited 7 Suboptimal 7 Layer Normalization 3 7* 3 7* 3 3 7* Streaming Normalization 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Table 1: An overview of normalization techiques for different tasks. 3: works well. 7: does not work well. FF: Feedforward. Rec: Recurrent. FC: Fully-connected. Conv: convolutional. Limited: time-specific BN requires recording normalization statistics for each timestep and thus may not generalize to novel sequence length. *Layer normalization does not fail on these tasks but perform significantly worse than the best approaches.
Extensive air showers with TeV scale quantum gravity

One of the possible consequences of the existence of extra degrees of freedom beyond the electroweak scale is the increase of neutrino-nucleon cross sections ({sigma}{sub {nu}N}) beyond standard model predictions. At ultrahigh energies this may allow the existence of neutrino-initiated extensive air showers. In this paper, we examine the most relevant observables of such showers. Our analysis indicates that the future Pierre Auger Observatory could be potentially powerful in probing models with large compact dimensions.
Employees Motivation in Organizations : An integrative literature review

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to present findings of an integrative literature review related to employees’ motivational practices in organizations. Method: A broad search of computerized databases focusing on articles published in English during 1999– 2010 was completed. Extensive screening sought to determine current literature themes and empirical research evidence completed in employees’ focused specifically on motivation in organization. Results: 40 articles are included in this integrative literature review. The literature focuses on how job characteristics, employee characteristic, management practices and broader environmental factors influence employees’ motivation. Research that links employee’s motivation is both based on qualitative and quantitative studies. Conclusion: This literature reveals widespread support of motivation concepts in organizations. Theoretical and editorial literature confirms motivation concepts are central to employees. Job characteristics, management practices, employee characteristics and broader environmental factors are the key variables influence employees’ motivation in organization.
Both deterioration and improvement in activities of daily living are related to falls: a 6-year follow-up of the general elderly population study Good Aging in Skåne

OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between long-term change in activities of daily living (ADL) and falls in the elderly and to identify characteristics of groups at risk for falls.


METHODS
This was a 6-year, prospective cohort study using data from the Good Aging in Skåne study in southern Sweden, involving 1,540 elderly subjects, including the oldest-old (age, 60-93 years). The subjects were recruited from the general population. ADL was measured at a baseline and follow-up assessment, using Sonn and Åsberg's revised scale and the ADL staircase. Falls were recorded in a period of 6 months before the follow-up assessment. The association between falls and change in ADL was calculated using adjusted, multiple logistic regression analysis and presented in odds ratios (ORs).


RESULTS
Thirteen percent of the study population reported one or several falls in the measured period. Over the course of 6 years, one in four participants changed their ADL status, and parts of this category had an increased risk for falls compared with those who stayed independent in ADL or who had no change in the ADL staircase. Groups with different characteristics had a prominent risk for falls: those with a reduction of two to eight steps in the ADL staircase (OR, 4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-10.11) and those becoming independent from dependency in instrumental ADL (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.89-9.00). The former group had advanced age with a greater burden of cognitive impairment, gait disability, arrhythmia, and fall risk medications. The latter group had a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease and low walking speed.


CONCLUSION
Both deterioration and improvement in ADL over the course of 6 years increased the risk for falls in a general elderly population. Interventional efforts may require different strategies, as groups with different characteristics were at risk. Those at risk with improved ADL function may have a history of sufficient burden of comorbidity combined with obtained mobility for exposure to a fall event.
Induction drug and outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit after emergency laparotomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Etomidate is often used to induce anaesthesia in sick patients owing to its relative cardiovascular stability. However, etomidate affects adrenal cortical activity, and there is concern that this could impair outcome in patients undergoing emergency surgery.


METHODS
We retrospectively analysed data from 176 patients admitted to an ICU after emergency laparotomy. We retrieved ASA status, surgical diagnosis, induction drug use, blood pressure before and after induction and any vasopressor administration, steroid and vasopressor therapy in ICU and patient outcome. Choice of induction drug was at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist.


RESULTS
The drugs (numbers of patients) used to induce anaesthesia were etomidate (52), thiopental (90), propofol (16), midazolam (12) and ketamine (4). Fifty-two patients (30%) died in hospital. ASA status was the only independent predictor of hospital outcome (P < 0.001). Choice of induction drug was related to ASA status. As ASA status worsened, the likelihood of using etomidate or midazolam/ketamine increased (P = 0.001). We found no association between etomidate and dying in hospital, though our study might not have had sufficient power to show a difference between induction drugs. The relative risks [95% confidence interval (CI)] of dying in hospital were etomidate 1.16 (0.72-1.87), thiopental 0.82 (0.52-1.30), propofol 0.40 (0.11-1.49) and midazolam/ketamine 1.84 (1.09-3.12). Vasopressor and steroid therapy in the ICU was not related to induction drug. The risk of developing hypotension at induction or of receiving vasopressor to treat hypotension was least with etomidate.


CONCLUSION
We found no evidence that etomidate is associated with worse outcome than thiopental or propofol in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, but we cannot be certain that etomidate is well tolerated in this group of patients. More data are required to address this issue definitively.
Glycaemic control and self-management behaviours in Type 2 diabetes: results from a 1-year longitudinal cohort study.

AIM
To better understand the associations between changes in self-management behaviours and glycaemic control.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective observational study of 295 adult patients with Type 2 diabetes evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Four self-management behaviours were evaluated using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities instrument, which assesses healthy diet, physical activity, medication taking and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Using hierarchical linear regression models, we tested whether changes in self-management behaviours were associated with short-term (6-month) or long-term (12-month) changes in glycaemic control, after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics.


RESULTS
Improved diet was associated with a decrease in HbA1c level, both at 6 and 12 months. Improved medication taking was associated with short-term improvement in glycaemic control, while increased self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency was associated with a 12-month improvement in HbA1c . Completely stopping exercise after being physically active at baseline was associated with a rise in HbA1c level at 6-month follow-up. Interaction analysis indicated that a healthy diet benefitted all participant subgroups, but that medication taking was associated with glycaemic control only for participants living in poverty and more strongly for those with lower educational levels. Finally, a higher self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency was associated with better glycaemic control only in insulin-treated participants.


CONCLUSIONS
Even after adjusting for potential confounders (including baseline HbA1c ), increased frequency of healthy diet, medication taking and self-monitoring of blood glucose were associated with improved HbA1c levels. These self-management behaviours should be regularly monitored to identify patients at risk of deterioration in glycaemic control. Barriers to optimum self-management should be removed, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations.
Phase II study of single-agent navitoclax (ABT-263) and biomarker correlates in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE
Bcl-2 is a critical regulator of apoptosis that is overexpressed in the majority of small cell lung cancers (SCLC). Nativoclax (ABT-263) is a potent and selective inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L). The primary objectives of this phase IIa study included safety at the recommended phase II dose and preliminary, exploratory efficacy assessment in patients with recurrent and progressive SCLC after at least one prior therapy.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Thirty-nine patients received navitoclax 325 mg daily, following an initial lead-in of 150 mg daily for 7 days. Study endpoints included safety and toxicity assessment, response rate, progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS), as well as exploratory pharmacodynamic correlates.


RESULTS
The most common toxicity associated with navitoclax was thrombocytopenia, which reached grade III-IV in 41% of patients. Partial response was observed in one (2.6%) patient and stable disease in 9 (23%) patients. Median PFS was 1.5 months and median OS was 3.2 months. A strong association between plasma pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (pro-GRP) level and tumor Bcl-2 copy number (R = 0.93) was confirmed. Exploratory analyses revealed baseline levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1, neuron-specific enolase, pro-GRP, and circulating tumor cell number as correlates of clinical benefit.


CONCLUSION
Bcl-2 targeting by navitoclax shows limited single-agent activity against advanced and recurrent SCLC. Correlative analyses suggest several putative biomarkers of clinical benefit. Preclinical models support that navitoclax may enhance sensitivity of SCLC and other solid tumors to standard cytotoxics. Future studies will focus on combination therapies.
Consistent Effective Field-Theoretic Treatment of Resonances with Non Zero Width

A systematic field theoretic formalism for treating Fermionic resonances with non zero width is given. The implication of unitarity to coupling constants of non local interactions is shown. The extension of the formalism to Bosonic resonance field operators is straight forward.
Two-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulation of breaking waves

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Two-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulation of breaking waves Gang Chen, Christian Kharif, Stéphane Zaleski, Jie Li
Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction.

BACKGROUND
Aesthetic surgery of female genitalia is an uncommon procedure, and of the techniques available, labia minora reduction can achieve excellent results. Recently, more conservative labia minora reduction techniques have been developed, because the simple isolated strategy of straight amputation does not ensure a favorable outcome. This study was designed to review a series of labia minora reductions using inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction.


METHODS
Twenty-one patients underwent inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction. The mean follow-up was 46 months. Aesthetic results and postoperative outcomes were collected retrospectively and evaluated.


RESULTS
Twenty patients (95.2 percent) underwent bilateral procedures, and 90.4 percent of patients had a congenital labia minora hypertrophy. Five complications occurred in 21 patients (23.8 percent). Wound-healing problems were observed more frequently. The cosmetic result was considered to be good or very good in 85.7 percent of patients, and 95.2 percent were very satisfied with the procedure. All complications except one were observed immediately after the procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate that inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction is a simple and consistent technique and deserves a place among the main procedures available. The complications observed were not unexpected and did not extend hospital stay or interfere with the normal postoperative period. The success of the procedure depends on patient selection, careful preoperative planning, and adequate intraoperative management.
Parameterizable Fonts Based on Shape Components

designed shapes incorporating typedesign tradition, the rules related to visual appearance, and the design ideas of a skilled character designer. The typographic design process is structured and systematic: letterforms are visually related in weight, contrast, space, alignment, and style. To create a new typeface family, type designers generally start by designing a few key characters—such as o, h, p, and v— incorporating the most important structure elements such as vertical stems, round parts, diagonal bars, arches, and serifs (see Figure 1). They can then use the design features embedded into these structure elements (stem width, behavior of curved parts, contrast between thick and thin shape parts, and so on) to design the font’s remaining characters. Today’s industrial font description standards such as Adobe Type 1 or TrueType represent typographic characters by their shape outlines, because of the simplicity of digitizing the contours of well-designed, large-size master characters. However, outline characters only implicitly incorporate the designer’s intentions. Because their structure elements aren’t explicit, creating aesthetically appealing derived designs requiring coherent changes in character width, weight (boldness), and contrast is difficult. Outline characters aren’t suitable for optical scaling, which requires relatively fatter letter shapes at small sizes. Existing approaches for creating derived designs from outline fonts require either specifying constraints to maintain the coherence of structure elements across different characters or creating multiple master designs for the interpolation of derived designs. We present a new approach for describing and synthesizing typographic character shapes. Instead of describing characters by their outlines, we conceive each character as an assembly of structure elements (stems, bars, serifs, round parts, and arches) implemented by one or several shape components. We define the shape components by typeface-category-dependent global parameters such as the serif and junction types, by global font-dependent metrics such as the location of reference lines and the width of stems and curved parts, and by group and local parameters. (See the sidebar “Previous Work” for background information on the field of parameterizable fonts.)
Olivine in an unexpected location on Vesta’s surface

Olivine is a major component of the mantle of differentiated bodies, including Earth. Howardite, eucrite and diogenite (HED) meteorites represent regolith, basaltic-crust, lower-crust and possibly ultramafic-mantle samples of asteroid Vesta, which is the lone surviving, large, differentiated, basaltic rocky protoplanet in the Solar System. Only a few of these meteorites, the orthopyroxene-rich diogenites, contain olivine, typically with a concentration of less than 25 per cent by volume. Olivine was tentatively identified on Vesta, on the basis of spectral and colour data, but other observations did not confirm its presence. Here we report that olivine is indeed present locally on Vesta’s surface but that, unexpectedly, it has not been found within the deep, south-pole basins, which are thought to be excavated mantle rocks. Instead, it occurs as near-surface materials in the northern hemisphere. Unlike the meteorites, the olivine-rich (more than 50 per cent by volume) material is not associated with diogenite but seems to be mixed with howardite, the most common surface material. Olivine is exposed in crater walls and in ejecta scattered diffusely over a broad area. The size of the olivine exposures and the absence of associated diogenite favour a mantle source, but the exposures are located far from the deep impact basins. The amount and distribution of observed olivine-rich material suggest a complex evolutionary history for Vesta.