LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary management of anterior dental esthetics.

BACKGROUND
Dental esthetics has become a popular topic among all disciplines in dentistry. When a makeover is planned for the esthetic appearance of a patient's teeth, the clinician must have a logical diagnostic approach that results in the appropriate treatment plan. With some patients, the restorative dentist cannot accomplish the correction alone but may require the assistance of other dental disciplines.


APPROACH
This article describes an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of anterior dental esthetics. The authors practice different disciplines in dentistry: restorative care, orthodontics and periodontics. However, for more than 20 years, this team has participated in an interdisciplinary dental study group that focuses on a wide variety of dental problems. One such area has been the analysis of anterior dental esthetic problems requiring interdisciplinary correction. This article will describe a unique approach to interdisciplinary dental diagnosis, beginning with esthetics but encompassing structure, function and biology to achieve an optimal result.


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
If a clinician uses an esthetically based approach to the diagnosis of anterior dental problems, then the outcome of the esthetic treatment plan will be enhanced without sacrificing the structural, functional and biological aspects of the patient's dentition.
Graphene oxide doped conducting polymer nanocomposite film for electrode-tissue interface.

One of the most significant components for implantable bioelectronic devices is the interface between the microelectrodes and the tissue or cells for disease diagnosis or treatment. To make the devices work efficiently and safely in vivo, the electrode-tissue interface should not only be confined in micro scale, but also possesses excellent electrochemical characteristic, stability and biocompatibility. Considering the enhancement of many composite materials by combining graphene oxide (GO) for its multiple advantages, we dope graphene oxide into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) forming a composite film by electrochemical deposition for electrode site modification. As a consequence, not only the enlargement of efficient surface area, but also the development of impedance, charge storage capacity and charge injection limit contribute to the excellent electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the stability and biocompatibility are confirmed by numerously repeated usage test and cell proliferation and attachment examination, respectively. As electrode-tissue interface, this biomaterial opens a new gate for tissue engineering and implantable electrophysiological devices.
A Multivariate Analysis of Effects Violent Video Games, Catharsis Seeking, Bullying, and Delinquency:

The effects of violent video game exposure on youth aggression remain an issue of significant controversy and debate. It is not yet clear whether violent video games uniquely contribute to long-term youth aggression or whether any relationship is better explained through third variables such as aggressive personality or family environment. The current study examines the influence of violent video game exposure on delinquency and bullying behavior in 1,254 seventhand eighth-grade students. Variables such as parental involvement, trait aggression, stress, participation in extracurricular activities, and family/peer support were also considered. Results indicated that delinquent and bullying behavior were predicted by the child’s trait aggression and stress level. Violent video game exposure was not found to be predictive of delinquency or bullying, nor was level of parental involvement. These results question the commonly held belief that violent video games are related to youth delinquency and bullying. 1Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 3Judge Baker Children’s Center, Boston, MA, USA Corresponding Author: Christopher J. Ferguson, Department of Behavioral, Applied Sciences and Criminal Justice, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA. Email: CJFerguson1111@aol.com at STETSON UNIV on September 11, 2014 cad.sagepub.com Downloaded from
Research Guides: Environmental Science: Home

An introduction to resources in environmental science. Including sources for background information, grey literature, data and more in multiple related fields: ecology, climate, energy, policy, economics, agriculture, oceans, etc.
What characterizes late-life depression?

This article analyzes late-life depression, looking carefully at what defines a person as elderly, the incidence of late-life depression, complications and differences in symptoms between young and old patients with depression, subsyndromal depression, bipolar depression in the elderly, the relationship between grief and depression, along with sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation.
Sequence to Better Sequence: Continuous Revision of Combinatorial Structures

We present a model that, after learning on observations of (sequence, outcome) pairs, can be efficiently used to revise a new sequence in order to improve its associated outcome. Our framework requires neither example improvements, nor additional evaluation of outcomes for proposed revisions. To avoid combinatorial-search over sequence elements, we specify a generative model with continuous latent factors, which is learned via joint approximate inference using a recurrent variational autoencoder (VAE) and an outcome-predicting neural network module. Under this model, gradient methods can be used to efficiently optimize the continuous latent factors with respect to inferred outcomes. By appropriately constraining this optimization and using the VAE decoder to generate a revised sequence, we ensure the revision is fundamentally similar to the original sequence, is associated with better outcomes, and looks natural. These desiderata are proven to hold with high probability under our approach, which is empirically demonstrated for revising natural language sentences. Introduction The success of recurrent neural network (RNN) models in complex tasks like machine translation and audio synthesis has inspired immense interest in learning from sequence data (Eck & Schmidhuber, 2002; Graves, 2013; Sutskever et al., 2014; Karpathy, 2015). Comprised of elements s t P S , which are typically symbols from a discrete vocabulary, a sequence x “ ps1, . . . , sT q P X has length T which can vary between different instances. Sentences are a popular example of such data, where each s j is a word from the language. In many domains, only a tiny fraction of X (the set of possible sequences over a given vocabulary) represents sequences likely to be found in nature (ie. MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Correspondence to: J. Mueller <jonasmueller@csail.mit.edu>. Proceedings of the 34 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Sydney, Australia, PMLR 70, 2017. Copyright 2017 by the author(s). those which appear realistic). For example: a random sequence of words will almost never form a coherent sentence that reads naturally, and a random amino-acid sequence is highly unlikely to specify a biologically active protein. In this work, we consider applications where each sequence x is associated with a corresponding outcome y P R. For example: a news article title or Twitter post can be associated with the number of shares it subsequently received online, or the amino-acid sequence of a synthetic protein can be associated with its clinical efficacy. We operate under the standard supervised learning setting, assuming availability of a dataset D
MR enterography versus capsule endoscopy in paediatric patients with suspected Crohn’s disease

The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic yield of MR enterography (MRE) with small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in paediatric patients with suspected Crohn’s disease (CD). Paediatric patients with suspected CD were considered eligible to be enrolled in the study. All patients underwent diagnostic work-up including 1.5-T MRE, ileo-colonoscopy and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. SBCE was not performed if MRE showed SB stricture or extra-intestinal findings consistent with symptoms. Sixty consecutive paediatric patients (36 male; average age 14) were enrolled into the study. A positive diagnosis for CD was made in 19 patients, 29 had a negative result and 12 were affected by other gastro-intestinal conditions. SBCE was performed in 37 patients (61.7%); 23 patients were excluded (strictures in five, extra-intestinal findings in 11 and parents’ refusal in seven cases). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRE and SBCE were 98.3%, 100%, 97.6%, and 91.9%, 90.9%, 92.3%, respectively. Both MRE and SBCE are accurate methods for patients with suspected CD. MRE can be used as a primary imaging technique in suspected CD, in that it allows access to the ileal stricture, which forms a contra-indication for SBCE and provides extra-intestinal information.
Falling Not Far from the Tree: Entrepreneurs and Organizational Heritage

Past research has shown that founders bring important capabilities and resources from their prior employment into their new firms and that these intergenerational transfers influence the performanc...
Breast Cancer After Augmentation Mammoplasty

Background:It is thought that implants interfere with breast cancer diagnosis and that cancers in women who have had breast augmentation carry a worse prognosis. Methods:A prospective breast cancer database was reviewed, comparing augmented and nonaugmented patients for details of histology, palpability, tumor size, nodal status, mammographic status, receptor status, nuclear grade, stage, and outcome. Results:Ninety-nine cancers in augmented women and 2857 cancers in nonaugmented women were identified. Among these women, mammography was normal in 43% of those who had had augmentation and in 5% of those who had not. Augmented women were more likely to have palpable cancers (83% vs. 59%) and nodal involvement (48% vs. 36%), and less likely to have ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (18% vs. 28%). When comparing only women younger than 50, the differences in invasiveness and nodal status lost significance. Cancers diagnosed in the 1990s were more likely to be nonpalpable and noninvasive than those diagnosed in the 1980s. This trend was more pronounced in the augmented population. Conclusions:Augmented patients were more likely to have palpable cancers, although the overall stage and outcome were similar to those of nonaugmented women. Although there have been significant improvements in our ability to diagnose early breast cancer over the past two decades, mammography continues to be suboptimal in augmented women.
Bisphosphonate-coated external fixation pins appear similar to hydroxyapatite-coated pins in the tibial metaphysis and to uncoated pins in the shaft

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
External fixation pins tend to loosen with time, especially from cancellous bone. A coating that releases a bisphosphonate has been shown to improve the fixation of dental implants in humans. We now tested a bisphosphonate coating on steel pins for external fixation. The primary hypothesis was that coated pins would be better fixed in the diaphysis.


METHODS
20 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis underwent proximal tibial correction osteotomy with hemicallotasis. They received a pair of pins (Orthofix) in the tibial shaft, one bisphosphonate-coated and one uncoated. Another pair of pins was inserted in the metaphysis, near the joint. This pair was a bisphosphonate-coated pin and an HA-coated pin. All pins were inserted according to a random list. The pins were removed after the osteotomy had healed (8-15 weeks), and extraction torque served as the predetermined main outcome variable.


RESULTS
No pins showed clinical signs of loosening. Removal torque for the shaft pins was 6.6 Nm (SD 2.2) for the bisphosphonate and 6.0 Nm (SD 2.5) for the uncoated (difference = 0.5, 95% CI: -0.03 to 1.3). Removal torque for the metaphyseal pins was 4.4 Nm (SD 1.3) for the bisphosphonate-coated and 4.2 Nm (SD 1.6) for the HA-coated (difference = 0.2, 95% CI: -0.5 to 1.0).


INTERPRETATION
We could not show any improved cortical fixation, but the metaphyseal findings are striking. In a previous study on 19 patients with a similar layout, HA-coated and uncoated pins were compared. In the metaphysis, all 19 uncoated pins loosened before removal. It was concluded that uncoated pins could not be used in the metaphyseal region. The present results suggest that a bisphosphonate coating enables metaphyseal fixation similar to that of hydroxyapatite coatings, with no difference from uncoated pins in cortical bone.
Flk1+ and VE-Cadherin+ Endothelial Cells Derived from iPSCs Recapitulates Vascular Development during Differentiation and Display Similar Angiogenic Potential as ESC-Derived Cells

RATIONALE
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have emerged as a source of potentially unlimited supply of autologous endothelial cells (ECs) for vascularization. However, the regenerative function of these cells relative to adult ECs and ECs derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells is unknown. The objective was to define the differentiation characteristics and vascularization potential of Fetal liver kinase (Flk)1(+) and Vascular Endothelial (VE)-cadherin(+) ECs derived identically from mouse (m)ES and miPS cells.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Naive mES and miPS cells cultured in type IV collagen (IV Col) in defined media for 5 days induced the formation of adherent cell populations, which demonstrated similar expression of Flk1 and VE-cadherin and the emergence of EC progenies. FACS purification resulted in 100% Flk1(+) VE-cadherin(+) cells from both mES and miPS cells. Emergence of Flk1(+)VE-cadherin(+) cells entailed expression of the vascular developmental transcription factor Er71, which bound identically to Flk1, VE-cadherin, and CD31 promoters in both populations. Immunostaining with anti-VE-cadherin and anti-CD31 antibodies and microscopy demonstrated the endothelial nature of these cells. Each cell population (unlike mature ECs) organized into well-developed vascular structures in vitro and incorporated into CD31(+) neovessels in matrigel plugs implanted in nude mice in vivo.


CONCLUSION
Thus, iPS cell-derived Flk1(+)VE-cadherin(+) cells expressing the Er71 are as angiogenic as mES cell-derived cells and incorporate into CD31(+) neovessels. Their vessel forming capacity highlights the potential of autologous iPS cells-derived EC progeny for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Feminism and the new democracy : re-siting the political

Introduction PART ONE: NATIONAL VICTIMS - 'Siting/Citing/Sighting the New Democracy' 'Flowers from the Volcano' - Kathleen B Jones The Politics of Responsibility and Perspectives on Violence against Women Feminism of the North and West for Export - Zillah Eisenstein Transnational Capital and the Racializing of Gender Exilic Affinities - Kate Mehuron Diasporic Coalitions in an Epidemic Forgotten History - Karen Engle and Ranjana Khanna Myth, Empathy, and Assimilated Culture See No Evil, Speak No Evil - Renata Salecl Hate Speech and Human Rights PART TWO: PRACTICISING COALITIONS Equality, Difference and Democracy - Nancy Fraser Recent Feminist Debates in the United States Constructing/Deconstructing 'Women' - Manisha Desai Reflections from the Contemporary Women's Movement in India (Be)Coming Out - Shane Phelan Lesbian Identity and Politics Genealogical Feminism - Lee Quinby A Politic Way of Looking PART THREE: BODILY LOCATIONS Spare Parts, Family Values, Old Children, Cheap - Patricia J Williams The Regulation of Lesbian Sexuality through Erasure - Anna Marie Smith The Case of Jennifer Saunders Performing Theory - Shannon Bell Socrates, Sam, Kate and Scarlot PART FOUR: DEMOCRATIC REFLECTIONS Gender Hierarchy, Equality, and the Possibility of Democracy - Drucilla Cornell Musing as a Feminist in a Postfeminist Era - Patricia S Mann The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism - Jodi Dean
Outlier Detection via Parsimonious Mixtures of Contaminated Gaussian Distributions

For multivariate continuous data, the contaminated Gaussian distribution — having two parameters indicating the proportion of outliers and the degree of contamination — represents a convenient and natural way to model and detect outliers. In this paper, we introduce a mixture model whereby each mixture component is itself a contaminated Gaussian distribution. To introduce parsimony, a family of fourteen mixtures of contaminated Gaussian distributions is developed by applying constraints to eigen-decomposed component covariance matrices. This approach is, amongst other things, an effective alternative to trimmed clustering. Although these models could be used for model-based clustering, classification, and discriminant analysis, we focus on the more general model-based classification framework. An expectation-conditional maximization algorithm is used to find maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and thereby give classifications for the observations. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the behaviour of the Bayesian information criterion and the integrated completed likelihood in model selection. This novel family of models is applied to artificial and real data in order to illustrate some of its advantages. Amongst them, and in contrast to the trimmed clustering approach, we have: 1) each observation has a posterior probability of belonging to a particular group and, inside each group, of being an outlier or not, 2) the models do not require pre-specification of quantities such as the proportion of observations to trim, 3) the approach can be easily used in high dimensions, and 4) model-based classification is permitted in addition to clustering.
Symbiosis and Evolution: A Brief Guide to Recent Literature

We have recently explored the hypothesis that, in certain taxa, hereditary symbiosis is the major mechanism of origin of that taxon. The reader is referred to Taylor, 1983; Margulis and Bermudes, 1985; and Bermudes and Margulis, 1987.
Distributed coordinated multi-point downlink transmission with over-the-air communication

Base station cooperation transmission, which is also known as coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission, is a promising technique to improve system spectrum efficiency in cellular networks, especially for multiple antenna systems. However, the performance gain is significant only when cooperative base stations can gather channel state information (CSI) from all their serving users and can share CSI without delay. In this paper, we propose a distributed downlink CoMP transmission scheme through over-the-air communication among all base stations, which can reduce not only the infrastructural overhead but also the delay of acquiring CSI. We first analyze the CSI acquisition methods in centralized and decentralized CoMP framework. Then we propose a distributed multi-user scheduling and precoding method. Simulation results show that the proposed framework and scheduling algorithm outperforms the centralized and decentralized CoMP when the outdated CSI led by backhaul latency is considered.
LAND, LEADERSHIP, CULTURE, AND EMIGRATION: SOME PROBLEMS IN CHARTIST HISTORIOGRAPHY

In I996 Miles Taylor published an historiographical review of Chartism in which he argued that our understanding of the movement has stagnated since the publication of important research by Gareth Stedman Jones and Dorothy Thompson in I983-4. Taylor suggests that the new cultural history of politics (or the 'linguistic turn') is to blame for this 'impasse', and argues that scholars should consolidate the work of Stedman Jones and Thompson. I argue that Chartist historians should continue to engage with contemporary approaches. The new political history sheds light on some persistent problems of interpretation which Taylor passes over. It also raises the possibility of extending the study of Chartism into the colonial realm, an area historians have notyet seriously broached. In conclusion, a sketch is given of the significance of Chartist political culture in one episode of protest in the Australian colony of Victoria in I853. Recently in these pages Miles Taylor published a detailed overview of Chartist historiography.1 Whilst he gives a rather pessimistic account of the field over the past decade or so, Taylor also makes a number of constructive suggestions regarding themes that warrant future research. Our understanding of Chartism has not really progressed, he suggests, since the publication of well-known work by Gareth Stedman Jones and Dorothy Thompson in the early-to-mid 198os.2 Stedman Jones's reinterpretation of Chartism is now widely credited as the progenitor of the much discussed 'linguistic turn' in social history.3 Dorothy 1 Miles Taylor, 'Rethinking the Chartists: searching for synthesis in the historiography of Chartism', Historical journal, 39 (I996), pp. 479-95. 2 Gareth Stedman Jones, Languages of class: studies in English working class history, i832-1982 (Cambridge, I983); Dorothy Thompson, The Chartists: popular politics in the industrial revolution (Aldershot, I986). 3 David Mayfield and Susan Thorne, 'Social history and its discontents: Gareth StedmanJones and the politics of language', Social History, I7 (I992), pp. i65-88; Jon Lawrence and Miles Taylor, 'The poverty of protest: Gareth Stedman Jones and the politics of language a reply', Social History, i8 (I993), pp. I-I5; James Vernon, 'Who's afraid of the "linguistic turn"? The politics of social history and its discontents', Social History, I9 (I994), pp. 8I-97; Neville Kirk, 'History, language, ideas and post-modernism: a materialist view', Social History, I9 (I994), pp. 22I-40; PatrickJoyce, 'The end of social history?', Social History, 20 (I995), pp. 73-9I; Marc W. Steinberg, 'Culturally speaking: finding a commons between post-structuralism and the Thompsonian perspective', Social History, 2 I (i 996), pp. I 93-2 I 4; Gareth Stedman Jones, 'The determinist fix: some obstacles to the further development of the linguistic approach to history in the I 990s', History Workshop journal, 42 (1 996), pp. I 9-35.
A study on classification techniques in data mining

Data mining is a process of inferring knowledge from such huge data. Data Mining has three major components Clustering or Classification, Association Rules and Sequence Analysis. By simple definition, in classification/clustering analyze a set of data and generate a set of grouping rules which can be used to classify future data. Data mining is the process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure. It is the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems. The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown interesting patterns. Data mining involves six common classes of tasks. Anomaly detection, Association rule learning, Clustering, Classification, Regression, Summarization. Classification is a major technique in data mining and widely used in various fields. Classification is a data mining (machine learning) technique used to predict group membership for data instances. In this paper, we present the basic classification techniques. Several major kinds of classification method including decision tree induction, Bayesian networks, k-nearest neighbor classifier, the goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of different classification techniques in data mining.