LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
IT and organizational change: an institutionalist perspective

This article challenges the tendency of the information systems literature to subsume IT innovation in processes of organizational change, either with the role of `̀ enabler'' of organizational objectives, or as an instrument appropriated by situated organizational actors. Using institutionalist theory, the relationship between information systems development and organizational transformation is studied as the interaction of two institutionalization processes: the increasing momentum and legitimation of IT innovation; and the organizational efforts for the substitution of established structures and activities with new ones which often do not command adequate legitimacy. Such analysis suggests that IT innovation in organizations is to a large extent sustainable by its own institutional forces, irrespective of contribution to the processes of organizational change. This perspective is demonstrated with the case study of the Mexican oil company, Pemex, where IT projects have played a large part in its transformation from a stateowned to private enterprise. Introduction On the whole, the information systems (IS) literature is cautious to avoid technology deterministic ideas and to discourage technology-led information systems practice[1], and tends to emphasize the organizational drivers of information technology innovation. Those who see the development of information systems in organizations as part of planned and formal management have stressed the role of new technology-based information systems in enabling desirable organizational change (Earl, 1989; Scott Morton, 1991; Hammer and Champy, 1993; Turner, 1998), while those who emphasize the emergent and situated nature of action in organizations tend to view information systems as resulting from the social dynamics of the organizational change process (Ciborra, 1991; Ciborra and Lanzara, 1994; Orlikowski and Walsham, 1996). Both perceptions suggest that IT innovation concurs with and reinforces organizational change, either designed by management or improvised at the work place. In this paper it is argued that IT innovation cannot be adequately explained as an enabler to organizational objectives or as a contributor to situated processes of organizational change. The continuous introduction of new information technologies in organizations is, to a large extent, sustained by its own actors and processes. This argument does not imply the technology deterministic position that IT imposes organizational imperatives. On the contrary, the research presented in this paper suggests that technology innovation is itself a process combining technical-rational and social forces, neither driving, nor subsumed in the forces of organizational change, but interacting with them. The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com
Supervised step-down of inhaled corticosteroids in the community--an observational study.

INTRODUCTION
Current asthma guidelines recommend step-down of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to the minimum dose required for control of symptoms.


AIM
To determine if supervised step-down of (ICS) in the community has any effect on asthmatic inflammation.


METHODS
119 Community based asthmatics underwent progressive step-down of therapy until they became unstable or reached an (ICS) dose of ≤200 μg beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) or equivalent. Once unstable, participants stepped back up to the last stable dose of ICS. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and mannitol challenge were performed at the start and end of step-down. Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and spirometry were recorded at each step-down visit.


RESULTS
The median (interquartile range) BDP equivalent dose was significantly higher pre vs. post step-down: 400 μg (400-800) and 250 μg (200-400) per day respectively (P < 0.05). Examination of change in PD(10) in individual patients revealed that 34% had an improvement (>+1 dd), 47% had no change (±-1 dd), and 19% had a worsening (<-1 dd). The geometric mean fold ratio in NO for pre vs. post was 0.96 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.06, P = 0.43). Mean (SEM) values for FEV(1) were 86.2% (1.51) vs. 84.5% (1.46) (P = 0.04). There was a significant improvement in AQLQ.


CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that a significant reduction in ICS dose may be achieved in a community setting without any worsening of airways inflammation or lung function, and with an associated improvement quality of life in the majority of patients. This apparent disconnect may reflect enhanced adherence due to supervision of step-down.
Superpixel-based object class segmentation using conditional random fields

Object class segmentation (OCS) is a key issue in semantic scene labeling and understanding. Its general principle consists of naming object entities into scenes according to their intrinsic visual features as well as their dependencies. In this paper, we propose a novel superpixel-based framework for object class segmentation using conditional random fields (CRFs). The framework proceeds in two steps: (i) superpixel label estimate; and (ii) CRF label propagation. Step (i) is achieved using multi-scale boosted classifiers over superpixels and makes it possible to find coarse estimates of initial labels. Fine labeling is afterward achieved in Step (ii), using an anisotropic contrast sensitive pairwise function designed in order to characterize the intrinsic interaction potentials between objects according to 4-neighborhoods. Finally, a higher-order criterion is applied to enforce region label consistency of OCS. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Phase I study of docetaxel (TXT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

UNLABELLED
This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel (TXT) and toxicities of combining weekly administration of TXT and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with concomitant radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients received TXT by i.v. infusion over 1 h on days 1, 8, 22 and 29. They were also given 5-FU 250 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 24 h on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, 36-40 and 43-45. Fractionated radiotherapy was performed on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, 36-40 and 43-45, and a total dose of 60 to 66 Gy was delivered. The starting dose level (Level 1) of TXT was set at 7.5 mg/m2. Dose escalation was conducted in increments of 25 mg/m2, until the dose reached Level 4 (15 mg/m2). At least three patients were enrolled at each level.


RESULTS
Seven patients (median age, 64 years) were enrolled. Six patients had stage III (T4NIMO) and one had stage IVb (T4N1M1b) esophageal cancer; six had squamous cell carcinoma and one had carcinosarcoma. No patient had received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and two patients had undergone esophageal bypass surgery using a whole stomach tube without resection of primary or metastatic lesions. In the 7patients, the regimen was well-tolerated, with esophagitis as the most common toxicity (grade 3: n=1; grade 4: n=3). In general, hematological toxicity was mild. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed at Level 2 (TXT 10 mg/m2) when three patients developed grade 4 esophagitis and this dose was deemed the MTD for this regimen. In the 7 assessable patients, the overall clinical response rate was 85.7%.


CONCLUSION
The MTD of TXT in this regimen was 10 mg/m2 and the recommended dose of TXT was 7.5 mg/m2. Although esophagitis was the dose-limiting and the most frequent toxicity, the regimen was safe and well-tolerated, and demonstrated the possibility of good efficacy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of BMS-188797, a new taxane analog, administered on a weekly schedule in patients with advanced malignancies.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and preliminary activity of BMS-188797 administered weekly.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Patients with advanced malignancies were treated with escalating doses of BMS-188797 on a weekly schedule as a 1-h i.v. infusion. Plasma sampling was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of BMS-188797.


RESULTS
Eighteen patients with advanced malignancies were enrolled at three dose levels ranging from 35 to 65 mg/m(2). The number of patients evaluated at each dose level was as follows: 35 mg/m(2) (n = 3); 50 mg/m(2) (n = 9); and 65 mg/m(2) (n = 6). At 65 mg/m(2), three of six patients had a DLT (one had grade 4 neutropenia lasting >7 days, and two had grade 3 diarrhea). Expansion of the 50-mg/m(2) dose cohort to nine patients established this dose as the MTD, with one patient experiencing a DLT (grade 4 neutropenia with fever). Two partial responses were observed (lung cancer, 7+ months; ovarian cancer, 6+ months durations), as well as two minor responses (esophageal cancer, 5 months; ovarian cancer, 5 months). Both patients with partial responses had been clinically resistant to paclitaxel. Plasma pharmacokinetic mean values of maximum concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC(0-48)) increased in a dose-dependent manner within the range of doses used in this study, and in three of four patients, the DLTs correlated with AUC.


CONCLUSIONS
The MTD and the recommended Phase II dose of weekly BMS-188797 is 50 mg/m(2). The drug demonstrates antitumor activity in taxane-refractory solid tumors and is now being evaluated in combination with carboplatin.
Diagnosis, natural history, and late effects of otitis media with effusion.

page v – the objective statement makes no mention of treatment for OME; further the search strategy does not include a “treatment” module. If treatment is not addressed then the title of the report should be modified. • On page "v", I suggest that the first sentence of Objectives would read more smoothly as: "the impact of otitis media on hearing and on longterm speech and language development, and the operating characteristics...." • page "v", the first sentence of Search Strategy should read consistent with page 2; for page "v", I suggest "including otitis media, otitis media with effusion, non-suppurative otitis media, fluid ear...." • The refinement of the purpose of the guideline on page V in the objectives section states the purpose of the guideline more clearly in comparison from report I reviewed in August of 1999. • Move (Results: line 1, page vi) of the results to the conclusions. The remainder of the results are clear within the structured abstract. • Page vi the ages of the patients are unclear. Outcomes were followed in children up to 22 years of age. A general statement regarding the ages of patients in the studies would be helpful. • Page "vi", the last sentence of Data Collection and Analysis would, I think, be better by omitting "in" at "non-English language", and omitting the comma after "craniofacial deficiencies" [I prefer the word anomaly rather than deficiency]. • In last sentence, add “reports in non-English language” • page "vi", in the first sentence of Main Results, the phrase "of ears" disturbs me. I'd prefer "patients" or "children" -as pages 9 (lines 4-7 from the top of the page) and 154 (lines 1-5 from the top) state. However, I do realize that the data depicted in Tables 21 and 22 do not allow such a change in words on page "vi". • Page vi what is meant by early life otitis media does that include • The title was changed to read “Diagnosis, Natural History and Late Effects of OME”.
Community viral load and CD4 count distribution among people living with HIV in a South African Township: implications for treatment as prevention.

INTRODUCTION
The goals of scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have expanded from prevention of morbidity and death to include prevention of transmission. Morbidity and mortality risk are associated with CD4 count; transmission risk depends on plasma viral load (VL). This study aimed to describe CD4 count and VL distributions among HIV-infected individuals in a South African township to gain insights into the potential impact of ART scale-up on community HIV transmission risk.


METHODS
A random sample of 10% of the adult population was invited to attend an HIV testing service. Study procedures included a questionnaire, HIV testing, CD4 count, and VL testing.


RESULTS
One thousand one hundred forty-four (88.0%) of 1300 randomly selected individuals participated in the study. Two hundred sixty tested positive, giving an HIV prevalence of 22.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.3 to 25.3]. A third of all HIV-infected individuals (33.5%, 95% CI: 27.8 to 39.6) reported taking ART. The median CD4 count was 417 cells per microliter (interquartile range, 285-627); 33 (12.7%, 95% CI: 8.9 to 17.4) had a CD4 count of ≤200 cells per microliter. VL measurements were available for 219 individuals (84.2%) and were undetectable in 72 (33.9%), >1500 copies per milliliter in 127 (58.0%) and >10,000 copies per milliliter in 96 (43.8%). Of those reporting they were receiving ART, 30.4% had a VL >1500 copies per milliliter compared with 58.0% of those reporting they were not receiving ART.


CONCLUSIONS
A small proportion of those living with HIV in this community had a CD4 count of <200 cells per microliter; more than half had a VL high enough to be associated with considerable transmission risk. A substantial proportion of HIV-infected individuals remained at risk of transmitting HIV even after starting ART.
Nomograms of Iranian fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler waveforms and uniformity of their pattern with other populations' nomograms

BACKGROUND
Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis of fetal vessels is one of the main methods for evaluating fetus health before labor. Doppler waves of middle cerebral artery (MCA) can predict most of the at risk fetuses in high risk pregnancies. In this study, we tried to obtain normal values and their nomograms during pregnancy for Doppler flow velocity indices of MCA in 20-40 weeks of normal pregnancies in Iranian population and compare their pattern with other countries' nomograms.


METHODS
During present descriptive cross-sectional study, 1037 normal pregnant women with 20th-40th week gestational age were underwent MCA Doppler study. All cases were studied by gray scale ultrasonography initially and Doppler of MCA afterward. Resistive Index (RI), Pulsative Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D ratio), and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) values of MCA were determined for all of the subjects.


RESULTS
Results of present study showed that RI, PI, S/D ratio values of MCA decreased with parabolic pattern and PSV value increased with simple pattern, as gestational age progressed. These changes were statistically significant (P=0.000 for all of indices) and more characteristic during late weeks of pregnancy.


CONCLUSION
Values of RI, PI and S/D ratio indices reduced toward the end of pregnancy, but PSV increased. Despite the trivial difference, nomograms of various Doppler indices in present study have similar pattern with other studies.
RANDOMIZED , DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL COMPARING INDINAVIR ALONE , ZIDOVUDINE ALONE AND INDINAVIR PLUS ZIDOVUDINE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY-NAIVE HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH CD 4 CELL COUNTS BETWEEN 50 AND 250 / MM 3

Protocol 028 Study Group, Centers and Investigators (1) Escola Paulista de Medicina / UFESP, São Paulo, Brazil: Gilberto Turcato Jr.; Ana C. Gales; Ana L. Schmidt; Eduardo O. Marl iere; Jessé R. Alves; Lucas E. Darrigo; Marcelo Sampaio; Maria Claudia Stockler; Maria Tereza P. Lima; Paulo R.A. Ferreira; Swami C. Oliveira; Greyce B.L. Lewi (2) Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil: Marcia Y.S. Tomishige; Alexandre Almeida; Gloria L.B.F. Brunetti ; L iz A.B. Barra; Marileide J. Vasconcelos; Tamara N.L. Souza; Ricardo Minkoves; Zarifa K. Gregorio; Paulo D. Garbelotto; Paulo T. Dualiby; Guido C. Levi, Nelly A. Fantini. (3) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil: Ana Marli C. Sartori; Ana L úcia L.M. Lima; Luis Henrique B. Borges; Luiz G. Martins Filho; Alexandre L.G.P. Lins; Ruth M. Leite; Cristina M.F. Guastini; Maria Luiza P. Brussi; Fátima M. Tengan; Carlos R.V. Kiffe r; Marília S. de Oliveira; Juliane G. Paula; Marise O. Fonseca; Francisco Bonasser Filho; Eliana B. Gutierrez; Noemia C. Pereira; Sheila W. Santoro; Bruno Caramelli; Marilena A. Baro ne. (4) Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil: Francisco H. Aoki; Josué N. Lima; Dinaida T. Monteiro; Mariana C.E.S. Carvalho; Ana Lucia Krzesinski; Monica J. Moraes; Carlos M. Sabioni; Claudia C. Santos; Andrea F. Colombo. (5) Centro de Referência e Treinamento de AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil: Paulo R. Teixeira; José V. Madruga; Suzana Leme; Fabio Arauj o; Leila Peron; Wong K. Kuen; Denize L. Estevam; Eduardo R. Lagonegro; Maria E. Galafassi; Silvia A. Piedade; Ana Lucia Monteiro; Marcia Roque; Wah W. Wong; Cristina Muccioli; Julio C. Pacca; Maura R. Silveira. (6) Merck Research Laboratories – Brazil: Celia T. Wünsch, Silvia A. Assakawa, Lilian F. Azevedo, Kleber Castilho, Patricia L. Fortner, Neide Lima, Ana Paula Neves, Mari a Victoria F. Thompson, Suzana Zamataro, Karina Z. Brito, Adriana Fernandes, Gisela M. Karic, Luciana V. Gimenez. (7) Merck Research Laboratories USA: Jeffrey A. Chodakewitz, Emilio Emini, Pamela M. Fearon, Lucinda R. Gilde, Albert J. Gets on, Jorge G. Guerra, Charlotte Harvey, Rand Rhodes, Jacobo Sabbaj, William Schleif. Correspondence to: Dr. David S. Lewi, Depto de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UFESP, Rua Dr. Bacelar 384, 0402 6-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL COMPARING INDINAVIR ALONE, ZIDOVUDINE ALONE AND INDINAVIR PLUS ZIDOVUDINE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY-NAIVE HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH CD4 CELL COUNTS BETWEEN 50 AND 250/MM 3
Secure Log Storage Using Blockchain and Cloud Infrastructure

We are living in the era of information technology. Our day to day life is heavily dependent on it and hence it's safe and secure functioning become very crucial and important. Every minute, there are thousands of cyber-attacks taking place around the world. Attackers are continuously evolving sophisticated and stealthy techniques to target the victim. They takes all the precautionary measures to remove attack traces such as system logs and related information on the victim systems so that they cannot be traced back. Attackers intentionally spread their activities over longer period of time to evade detection. To understand and identify such complex attack, it is required to maintain a secure log records over extended time period. However, preserving the log records for longer time is challenging issue. The system should also ensure the integrity of log files and logging process. In order to overcome these issues, in this paper we are proposing a secure log storage using Blockchain on Cloud platform. Blockchain technology will help to create tamper-proof audit logs. It provides proof of log manipulation and nonrepudiation. Cloud platform makes the overall system scalable and support for deep analysis.
Pacman dysplasia: a lethal skeletal dysplasia with variable radiographic features

 Background. Punctate or stippled cartilaginous calcifications are associated with many conditions, including chromosomal, infectious, endocrine, and teratogenic etiologies. Some of these conditions are clinically mild, while others are lethal. Accurate diagnosis can prove instrumental in clinical management and in genetic counseling. Objective. To describe the diagnostic radiographic features seen in Pacman dysplasia, a distinct autosomal recessive, lethal skeletal dysplasia. Materials and methods. We present the fourth reported case of Pacman dysplasia and compare the findings seen in our patient with the three previously described patients. Results. Invariable and variable radiographic findings were seen in all four cases of histologically proven Pacman dysplasia. Conclusion. Pacman dysplasia presents both constant and variable diagnostic radiographic features.
Psychiatric comorbidity in gender dysphoric adolescents.

BACKGROUND
This study examined psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents with a gender identity disorder (GID). We focused on its relation to gender, type of GID diagnosis and eligibility for medical interventions (puberty suppression and cross-sex hormones).


METHODS
To ascertain DSM-IV diagnoses, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) was administered to parents of 105 gender dysphoric adolescents.


RESULTS
67.6% had no concurrent psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorders occurred in 21%, mood disorders in 12.4% and disruptive disorders in 11.4% of the adolescents. Compared with natal females (n = 52), natal males (n = 53) suffered more often from two or more comorbid diagnoses (22.6% vs. 7.7%, p = .03), mood disorders (20.8% vs. 3.8%, p = .008) and social anxiety disorder (15.1% vs. 3.8%, p = .049). Adolescents with GID considered to be 'delayed eligible' for medical treatment were older [15.6 years (SD = 1.6) vs. 14.1 years (SD = 2.2), p = .001], their intelligence was lower [91.6 (SD = 12.4) vs. 99.1 (SD = 12.8), p = .011] and a lower percentage was living with both parents (23% vs. 64%, p < .001). Although the two groups did not differ in the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, the respective odds ratios ('delayed eligible' adolescents vs. 'immediately eligible' adolescents) were >1.0 for all psychiatric diagnoses except specific phobia.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the suffering resulting from the incongruence between experienced and assigned gender at the start of puberty, the majority of gender dysphoric adolescents do not have co-occurring psychiatric problems. Delayed eligibility for medical interventions is associated with psychiatric comorbidity although other factors are of importance as well.