LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An introduction to gene expression deconvolution and the CellMix package A Comprehensive Framework for Gene Expression Deconvolution

This vignette motivates and describes the functionalities of the CellMix package, an R package for performing gene expression deconvolution analysis. The package defines a general framework to apply, develop and test gene expression deconvolution methods. It incorporates, generalises and extends the set of tools we implemented when developing a semi-supervised approach to this problem, and includes several other previously published algorithms, hence facilitating their application and comparison. A special focus is drawn on lists of cell/tissue marker genes, which are very valuable resources as they may be used not only as prior knowledge or post-hoc independent validation data by deconvolution algorithms, but also as gene sets in classical enrichment analysis. We envisage that this package will provide the bioinformatics research community with an easy to use and flexible platform for working with deconvolution methods, and cell heterogeneity in omics data in general. This vignette aims at providing a general background on gene expression deconvolution, motivating the CellMix package, as well as describing its main features. It serves as supplementary material for the following article: Renaud Gaujoux et al. “CellMix: A Comprehensive Framework for Gene Expression Deconvolution”. In: accepted (2012) Documentation, practical examples, and sample analyses can be found online at: http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~renaud/CRAN/web/CellMix Note that to reproduce some of the examples in this vignettes, you will also need to have the GEOquery package package installed, as well as some Bioconductor annotation packages which will be installed when needed: # install biocLite install.packages("BiocInstaller") # or alternatively do: source(✬http://www.bioconductor.org/biocLite.R✬) # install GEOquery (NB: might ask you to update some of your packages) library(BiocInstaller) biocLite("GEOquery") http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/GEOquery.html In an interactive R session, their installation is automated, after the user gives permission to do so.
Security for the Internet of Things: A Survey of Existing Protocols and Open Research Issues

The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a vision of a future Internet where users, computing systems, and everyday objects possessing sensing and actuating capabilities cooperate with unprecedented convenience and economical benefits. As with the current Internet architecture, IP-based communication protocols will play a key role in enabling the ubiquitous connectivity of devices in the context of IoT applications. Such communication technologies are being developed in line with the constraints of the sensing platforms likely to be employed by IoT applications, forming a communications stack able to provide the required power-efficiency, reliability, and Internet connectivity. As security will be a fundamental enabling factor of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to protect communications enabled by such technologies. This survey analyzes existing protocols and mechanisms to secure communications in the IoT, as well as open research issues. We analyze how existing approaches ensure fundamental security requirements and protect communications on the IoT, together with the open challenges and strategies for future research work in the area. This is, as far as our knowledge goes, the first survey with such goals.
Collective intelligence in law enforcement - The WikiCrimes system

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Article history: Received 1 October 2008 Received in revised form 2 July 2009 Accepted 4 August 2009 Available online xxxx
Images Don't Lie: Transferring Deep Visual Semantic Features to Large-Scale Multimodal Learning to Rank

Search is at the heart of modern e-commerce. As a result, the task of ranking search results automatically (learning to rank) is a multibillion dollar machine learning problem. Traditional models optimize over a few hand-constructed features based on the item's text. In this paper, we introduce a multimodal learning to rank model that combines these traditional features with visual semantic features transferred from a deep convolutional neural network. In a large scale experiment using data from the online marketplace Etsy, we verify that moving to a multimodal representation significantly improves ranking quality. We show how image features can capture fine-grained style information not available in a text-only representation. In addition, we show concrete examples of how image information can successfully disentangle pairs of highly different items that are ranked similarly by a text-only model.
An analysis of the functions of international transfer of managers in MNCs

The aim of this article is to get a clearer picture of why multinational companies (MNCs) send out expatriates. We identify three organisational functions of international transfers: position filling, management development and coordination & control. Based on an empirical study with results from 212 subsidiaries of MNCs from 9 different home countries, located in 22 different host countries, we show that the importance that is attached to these functions differs between subsidiaries in MNCs from different home countries, between subsidiaries in different host regions and in addition varies with the level of cultural difference. Position filling is seen as most important for subsidiaries of American and British MNCs and in the Latin American and Far Eastern region. Management development is seen as most important for subsidiaries of German, Swiss and Dutch MNCs and tends to occur more in Anglo-Saxon countries than in the Far Eastern region. Transfers for coordination & control seems to be most important for subsidiaries of German and Japanese MNCs and in host countries that are culturally distant from headquarters. We argue that these differences might have important consequences for expatriate management. Key-words: multinational companies, international transfers, expatriation
The Role of DNA Barcodes in Understanding and Conservation of Mammal Diversity in Southeast Asia

BACKGROUND
Southeast Asia is recognized as a region of very high biodiversity, much of which is currently at risk due to habitat loss and other threats. However, many aspects of this diversity, even for relatively well-known groups such as mammals, are poorly known, limiting ability to develop conservation plans. This study examines the value of DNA barcodes, sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene, to enhance understanding of mammalian diversity in the region and hence to aid conservation planning.


METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
DNA barcodes were obtained from nearly 1900 specimens representing 165 recognized species of bats. All morphologically or acoustically distinct species, based on classical taxonomy, could be discriminated with DNA barcodes except four closely allied species pairs. Many currently recognized species contained multiple barcode lineages, often with deep divergence suggesting unrecognized species. In addition, most widespread species showed substantial genetic differentiation across their distributions. Our results suggest that mammal species richness within the region may be underestimated by at least 50%, and there are higher levels of endemism and greater intra-specific population structure than previously recognized.


CONCLUSIONS
DNA barcodes can aid conservation and research by assisting field workers in identifying species, by helping taxonomists determine species groups needing more detailed analysis, and by facilitating the recognition of the appropriate units and scales for conservation planning.
TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF AN ORDINARY-PARABOLIC SYSTEM IN R 2 AND A 2 D-STRIP

We investigate a prey-predator model, which we describe by an ordinaryparabolic system. We obtain four types of wave solutions of this system, which are connecting different equilibria. To establish the existence of four types of traveling wave solutions with double wave speeds, we introduce a new approach to constructing monotonous iteration schemes. Moreover, by using spreading speeds, we establish the non-existence of traveling wave solutions. Our results provide insight into the dynamics of this model system.
The aspectual makeup of Perfect participles and the interpretations of the Perfect *

1. The types of perfect Interpretation-wise, several types of perfect expressions have been recognized in the literature (e. To illustrate, a present perfect can have one of at least three interpretations: (1) a. Since 2000, Alexandra has lived in LA. UNIVERSAL b. Alexandra has been in LA (before). EXPERIENTIAL c. Alexandra has (just) arrived in LA. RESULTATIVE The three types of perfect make different claims about the temporal location of the underlying eventuality, i.e., of live in LA in (1a), be in LA in (1b), arrive in LA in (1c), with respect to a reference time. The UNIVERSAL perfect, as in (1a), asserts that the underlying eventuality holds throughout an interval, delimited by the time of utterance and a certain time in the past (in this case, the year 2000). The EXPERIENTIAL perfect, as in (1b), asserts that the underlying eventuality holds at a proper subset of an interval, extending back from the utterance time. The RESULTATIVE perfect makes the same assertion as the Experiential perfect, with the added meaning that the result of the underlying eventuality (be in LA is the result of arrive in LA) holds at the utterance time. The distinction between the Experiential and the Resultative perfects is rather subtle. The two are commonly grouped together as the EXISTENTIAL perfect (McCawley 1971, Mittwoch 1988) and this terminology is adopted here as well. 1 Two related questions arise: (i) Is the distinction between the three types of perfect grammatically based? (ii) If indeed so, then is it still possible to posit a common representation for the perfect – a uniform structure with a single meaning – which, in combination with certain other syntactic components , each with a specialized meaning, results in the three different readings? This paper suggests that the answer to both questions is yes. To start addressing these questions, let us look at some of the known factors behind the various interpretations of the perfect. It has to be noted that the different perfect readings are not a peculiarity of the present perfect despite the fact that they are primarily discussed in relation to that form. The same interpretations are available to the past, future and nonfinite per
A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches

Together with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential technology for mobile services. MCC integrates the cloud computing into the mobile environment and overcomes obstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth), environment (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, and availability), and security (e.g., reliability and privacy) discussed in mobile computing. This paper gives a survey of MCC, which helps general readers have an overview of the MCC including the definition, architecture, and applications. The issues, existing solutions, and approaches are presented. In addition, the future research directions of MCC are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Walking in Minimalist Shoes Is Effective for Strengthening Foot Muscles.

INTRODUCTION
Weakness of foot muscles may contribute to a variety of loading related injuries. Supportive footwear may contribute to intrinsic foot muscle weakness by reducing the muscles' role in locomotion (e.g. absorbing forces and controlling motion). Increased stimulus to the foot muscles can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including minimalist footwear and directed exercise.


PURPOSE
To determine the effect of walking in minimalist footwear or performing foot strengthening exercises on foot muscle size and strength.


RESULTS
In study 1, genotype frequencies for ESR1 rs2234693 were significantly different between the injured and non-injured groups in a C-allele dominant (CC+CT vs. TT: odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43-0.91) and additive (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.91) model in all athletes. In study 2, hamstring muscle stiffness was lower in subjects with the CC+CT genotype than in those with the TT genotype; a significant linear trend was found (r = 0.135, P = 0.029). In contrast, no associations were observed between ESR1 rs9340799 G/A and muscle injury or stiffness.


METHODS
Fifty-seven runners were randomly assigned to one of three groups - minimalist shoe walking (MSW), foot strengthening exercise (FS), or control (C). All groups maintained their pre-study running mileage throughout the study. The MSW group walked in provided footwear, increasing weekly the number of steps/day taken in the shoes. The FS group performed a set of progressive resistance exercises at least 5 days/week. Foot muscle strength (via custom dynamometers) and size (via ultrasound) were measured at the beginning (week 0), middle (week 4), and end (week 8) of the study. Mixed model ANOVAs were run to determine if the interventions had differing effects on the groups.Single nucleotide polymorphism; estrogen receptor; muscle stiffness; injury prediction; athletes RESULTS: There were significant group by time interactions for all muscle size and strength measurements. All muscle sizes and strength increased significantly from weeks 0-8 in the FS and MSW groups, while there were no changes in the C group. Some muscles increased in size by week 4 in the FS and MSW groups.Single nucleotide polymorphism; estrogen receptor; muscle stiffness; injury prediction; athletes CONCLUSION: Minimalist shoe walking is as effective as foot strengthening exercises in increasing in foot muscle size and strength. The convenience of changing footwear rather than performing specific exercises may result in greater compliance.
Extremely Efficient Liquid Exfoliation and Dispersion of Layered Materials by Unusual Acoustic Cavitation

Layered materials must be exfoliated and dispersed in solvents for diverse applications. Usually, highly energetic probe sonication may be considered to be an unfavourable method for the less defective exfoliation and dispersion of layered materials. Here we show that judicious use of ultrasonic cavitation can produce exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets extraordinarily dispersed in non-toxic solvent by minimising the sonolysis of solvent molecules. Our method can also lead to produce less defective, large graphene oxide nanosheets from graphite oxide in a short time (within 10 min), which show high electrical conductivity (>20,000 S m(-1)) of the printed film. This was achieved by adjusting the ultrasonic probe depth to the liquid surface to generate less energetic cavitation (delivered power ~6 W), while maintaining sufficient acoustic shearing (0.73 m s(-1)) and generating additional microbubbling by aeration at the liquid surface.
An autonomous all terrain robotic system for field demining missions

Mines deployed in post-war countries pose severe threats to civilians and hamper the reconstruction effort in war hit societies. In the scope of the EU FP7 TIRAMISU Project, a toolbox for humanitarian demining missions is being developed by the consortium members. In this article we present the FSR Husky, an affordable, lightweight and autonomous all terrain robotic system, developed to assist human demining operation teams. Intended to be easily deployable on the field, our robotic solution has the ultimate goal of keeping humans away from the threat, safeguarding their lives. A detailed description of the modular robotic system architecture is presented, and several real world experiments are carried out to validate the robot’s functionalities and illustrate continuous work in progress on minefield coverage, mine detection, outdoor localization, navigation, and environment perception. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wireless Sensor Network Powered by a Terrestrial Microbial Fuel Cell as a Sustainable Land Monitoring Energy System

This work aims at investigating the possibility of a wireless sensor network powered by an energy harvesting technology, such as a microbial fuel cell (MFC). An MFC is a bioreactor that transforms energy stored in chemical bonds of organic compounds into electrical energy. This process takes place through catalytic reactions of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. An anode chamber together with a cathode chamber composes a conventional MFC reactor. The protons generated in the anode chamber are then transferred into the cathode chamber through a proton exchange membrane (PEM). A possible option is to use the soil itself as the membrane. In this case, we are referring to, more properly, a terrestrial microbial fuel cell (TMFC). This research examines the sustainability of a wireless sensor network powered by TMFC for land monitoring and precision agriculture. Acting on several factors, such as pH, temperature, humidity and type of soil used, we obtained minimum performance requirements in terms of the output power of the TMFC. In order to identify some of the different network node configurations and to compare the resulting performance, we investigated the energy consumption of the core components of a node, e.g., the transceiver and microcontroller, looking for the best performance. OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 7264
Co-Active Life Coaching as a Treatment for Adults with Obesity

This study evaluates the impact of one-on-one coaching on the waist circumference, BMI, self-esteem, self-efficacy, physical activity, and functional health status of adults with obesity. A one-group withinsubjects, pre-test post-test study design was used. The study took place at the University of Western Ontario from June-October 2007. A total of 20 men and women aged 35-55, with a BMI ≥ 30 participated in the study. Each engaged in six to eight 35-minute sessions with a Certified Professional Co-Active Coach during which they explored desired changes and how to achieve them. Paired t-tests were used to analyse the preand post-quantitative data and inductive content analysis was used to assess the qualitative interviews. Significant decreases in waist circumference and increases in self-esteem and functional health status were found. Qualitatively, participants reported an increase in daily physical activity and healthier dietary choices, feelings of optimism, and greater self-acceptance. Thus life coaching shows promise as an obesity intervention, although more research is needed.
Evaluation of penicillin G potassium troches in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous ulceration in a Chinese cohort: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo and no-treatment-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of topical application of 50 mg penicillin G potassium troches in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous ulcerations (MiRAU) in a Chinese cohort.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo and no-treatment-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was performed. Troches were consecutively applied 4 times per day for 4 days. The size and pain level of ulcers were measured and recorded on days 0, 3, 4, 5, and 6.


RESULTS
A total of 258 subjects with minor recurrent aphthous ulcerations (86 subjects in penicillin G potassium group, 88 subjects in placebo control group, and 84 subjects in no-treatment control group) fulfilled the study. Penicillin G potassium significantly reduced ulcer size (P < .00001 for days 3, 4, 5, and 6) and alleviated ulcer pain (P < .00001 for days 3, 4, 5, and 6). No severe adverse reactions were observed. Only 4 subjects experienced mild adverse reaction.


CONCLUSIONS
Penicillin G potassium troches are effective in reducing ulcer size and alleviating ulcer pain of the patients in the treatment of a single episode of MiRAU in this Chinese cohort. Few adverse effects were observed with this therapeutic approach.
Survey of Classification Techniques in Data Mining

Classification is a data mining (machine learning) technique used to predict group membership for data instances. In this paper, we present the basic classification techniques. Several major kinds of classification method including decision tree induction, Bayesian networks, k-nearest neighbor classifier, case-based reasoning, genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic techniques. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of different classification techniques in data mining.
Data integration from open internet sources to combat sex trafficking of minors

Sex trafficking is the process and means of using force, fraud, or coercion to obtain and compel men, women and children into commercial sexual exploitation. Prevalent in both international and domestic spheres, this form of human trafficking constitutes a serious crime. Traffickers use a variety of means to advertise the illicit sexual services of the children and women they offer, including Internet classified ads, bulletin boards, and social media associated with escort and massage services (EMS). Clients ("johns") of the EMS fronts for prostitution also use the Internet and social media to compare their experiences and offer leads to one another. Law enforcement organizations have implemented a number of initiatives to combat child sexual trafficking. We describe a prototype law enforcement support system developed to automatically compile and correlate information from open Internet sources about trafficking and sexual abuse of women and especially children. The system, called TrafficBot, employs information retrieval, information integration, and natural language technologies to build a data warehouse allowing various visualizations of information for the benefit of law enforcement. We discuss the current capabilities of TrafficBot, how it could be used by law enforcement, and suggest some future directions.
Aportes de la propuesta filosófica-antropológica de Rudolf Allers para el planteamiento de una psicología integral

Objective. Describe and analyze the principles proposed by Dr Rudolf Allers, for the development of an integral psychology of the human being. Method. A theoretical review whose units of analysis were theoretical articles and books by Rudolf Allers, originating from research in data bases and local libraries. The sources for the analysis of theological anthropology are key texts from the teachings of the Church. Results. Current studies have demonstrated the low level of consideration on the part of contemporary psychology for spiritual reality in the explanation of psychological health and the human experience in general. This research-based evidence seems to indicate discrimination towards the spiritual dimension in the professional spheres of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the psychologists who work according to the guidelines of this association. Conclusions. A firm and consistent effort is reflected in the works of Allers to contribute to the