LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Eliciting patients' preferences for elastic compression stocking therapy after deep vein thrombosis: potential for improving compliance.

UNLABELLED
ESSENTIALS: Elastic compression stocking (ECS) therapy is used to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). We aimed to elicit patient preferences regarding ECS therapy after deep vein thrombosis. The most valued attributes were PTS risk reduction and the ability to put on the ECS independently. Heterogeneous results with respect to education level stress the importance of proper counselling.


SUMMARY



BACKGROUND
Elastic compression stocking (ECS) therapy is used for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Current evidence on its effectiveness is conflicting. Compliance, a major determinant of the effectiveness of ECS therapy, remained largely ignored in former studies.


OBJECTIVES
To gain insight into preferences regarding ECS therapy in patients after DVT.


PATIENTS/METHODS
A discrete choice experiment was conducted 3 months after DVT in patients enrolled in the IDEAL DVT study, a randomized controlled trial comparing 2 years of ECS therapy with individually tailored duration of ECS therapy for the prevention of PTS. Nine unlabeled, forced-choice sets of two hypothetical types of ECS were presented to each patient. Data were analyzed with multinomial logit models.


RESULTS
The respondent sample consisted of 81% (300/369) of invited patients. The most important determinants of preference were PTS risk reduction and putting on the ECS. Patients were willing to increase the duration of therapy by 1 year if this increases the PTS risk reduction with 10%. Patients accepted an increase in the risk of PTS of 29% if they were able to put on the ECS themselves. Preferences were heterogeneous with respect to education level.


CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of the risk of PTS and the ability to put on the ECS without help are the most important characteristics of ECS therapy. Physicians should pay considerable attention to patient education regarding PTS. In addition, patients should be supported in their ability to put on and take off the ECS independently. These rather simple interventions could improve compliance.
Oscillometric measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressures validated in a physiologic mathematical model

BACKGROUND
The oscillometric method of measuring blood pressure with an automated cuff yields valid estimates of mean pressure but questionable estimates of systolic and diastolic pressures. Existing algorithms are sensitive to differences in pulse pressure and artery stiffness. Some are closely guarded trade secrets. Accurate extraction of systolic and diastolic pressures from the envelope of cuff pressure oscillations remains an open problem in biomedical engineering.


METHODS
A new analysis of relevant anatomy, physiology and physics reveals the mechanisms underlying the production of cuff pressure oscillations as well as a way to extract systolic and diastolic pressures from the envelope of oscillations in any individual subject. Stiffness characteristics of the compressed artery segment can be extracted from the envelope shape to create an individualized mathematical model. The model is tested with a matrix of possible systolic and diastolic pressure values, and the minimum least squares difference between observed and predicted envelope functions indicates the best fit choices of systolic and diastolic pressure within the test matrix.


RESULTS
The model reproduces realistic cuff pressure oscillations. The regression procedure extracts systolic and diastolic pressures accurately in the face of varying pulse pressure and arterial stiffness. The root mean squared error in extracted systolic and diastolic pressures over a range of challenging test scenarios is 0.3 mmHg.


CONCLUSIONS
A new algorithm based on physics and physiology allows accurate extraction of systolic and diastolic pressures from cuff pressure oscillations in a way that can be validated, criticized, and updated in the public domain.
Mistaking minds and machines: How speech affects dehumanization and anthropomorphism.

Treating a human mind like a machine is an essential component of dehumanization, whereas attributing a humanlike mind to a machine is an essential component of anthropomorphism. Here we tested how a cue closely connected to a person's actual mental experience-a humanlike voice-affects the likelihood of mistaking a person for a machine, or a machine for a person. We predicted that paralinguistic cues in speech are particularly likely to convey the presence of a humanlike mind, such that removing voice from communication (leaving only text) would increase the likelihood of mistaking the text's creator for a machine. Conversely, adding voice to a computer-generated script (resulting in speech) would increase the likelihood of mistaking the text's creator for a human. Four experiments confirmed these hypotheses, demonstrating that people are more likely to infer a human (vs. computer) creator when they hear a voice expressing thoughts than when they read the same thoughts in text. Adding human visual cues to text (i.e., seeing a person perform a script in a subtitled video clip), did not increase the likelihood of inferring a human creator compared with only reading text, suggesting that defining features of personhood may be conveyed more clearly in speech (Experiments 1 and 2). Removing the naturalistic paralinguistic cues that convey humanlike capacity for thinking and feeling, such as varied pace and intonation, eliminates the humanizing effect of speech (Experiment 4). We discuss implications for dehumanizing others through text-based media, and for anthropomorphizing machines through speech-based media. (PsycINFO Database Record
CCG Supertagging with a Recurrent Neural Network

Recent work on supertagging using a feedforward neural network achieved significant improvements for CCG supertagging and parsing (Lewis and Steedman, 2014). However, their architecture is limited to considering local contexts and does not naturally model sequences of arbitrary length. In this paper, we show how directly capturing sequence information using a recurrent neural network leads to further accuracy improvements for both supertagging (up to 1.9%) and parsing (up to 1% F1), on CCGBank, Wikipedia and biomedical text.
Three-year stability of open-bite correction by 1-piece maxillary osteotomy.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this retrospective cephalometric study was to evaluate the long-term vertical stability of anterior open-bite correction by 1-piece Le Fort I osteotomy and rigid fixation.


METHODS
The sample comprised 40 consecutively treated patients from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oslo, Norway. All subjects had received a 1-piece Le Fort I osteotomy as the only surgical procedure from 1990 through 1998 and were followed for 3 years according to a protocol for data collection. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before surgery and at 5 occasions after surgery.


RESULTS
The mean open bite before surgery was 2.6 mm; at the 3-year follow-up, 35 patients had a positive overbite, and the remaining 5 patients had an open bite between 0.2 and 0.9 mm. Impaction of the posterior maxilla >or=2 mm relapsed on average by 31%, and inferior repositioning of the anterior maxilla >or=2 mm relapsed by 62%. Maxillary vertical skeletal changes during the postsurgery period were compensated for by orthodontic dentoalveolar adaptation. Most of the skeletal relapse occurred during the first 6 months after surgery and always in the direction opposite to the surgical movement. The relative contribution of mandibular and maxillary changes in anterior open-bite closure was approximately 3:1.


CONCLUSIONS
Surgical correction of anterior open bite was generally stable over a 3-year period, and skeletal relapse was counteracted by dentoalveolar compensation.
Mak-Messenger and Finger-Chat, communications technologies to assist in teaching of signed languages to the deaf and hearing

Communications-based learning technology is an area of educational research that seeks to use advanced communication systems to enhance traditional learning environments with tools that allow students and teachers to formulate and exchange ideas. Increasingly technologies such as instant messaging, and chat systems are being used for teaching. We present two communications-based learning systems, Mak-Messenger and Finger-Chat, specifically designed to assist in the teaching of signed languages to deaf and hearing students. By providing these examples of learning technologies specifically tailored to the deaf community, we hope to illustrate how advanced learning technologies may be used to address issues relating to the educational needs of the deaf.
Multivariate Compressive Sensing for Image Reconstruction in the Wavelet Domain: Using Scale Mixture Models

Most wavelet-based reconstruction methods of compressive sensing (CS) are developed under the independence assumption of the wavelet coefficients. However, the wavelet coefficients of images have significant statistical dependencies. Lots of multivariate prior models for the wavelet coefficients of images have been proposed and successfully applied to the image estimation problems. In this paper, the statistical structures of the wavelet coefficients are considered for CS reconstruction of images that are sparse or compressive in wavelet domain. A multivariate pursuit algorithm (MPA) based on the multivariate models is developed. Several multivariate scale mixture models are used as the prior distributions of MPA. Our method reconstructs the images by means of modeling the statistical dependencies of the wavelet coefficients in a neighborhood. The proposed algorithm based on these scale mixture models provides superior performance compared with many state-of-the-art compressive sensing reconstruction algorithms.
An Algorithm for Cost-Effectively Storing Scientific Datasets with Multiple Service Providers in the Cloud

The proliferation of cloud computing allows scientists to deploy computation and data intensive applications without infrastructure investment, where large generated datasets can be flexibly stored with multiple cloud service providers. Due to the pay-as-you-go model, the total application cost largely depends on the usage of computation, storage and bandwidth resources, and cutting the cost of cloud-based data storage becomes a big concern for deploying scientific applications in the cloud. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that can automatically decide whether a generated dataset should be 1) stored in the current cloud, 2) deleted and re-generated whenever reused or 3) transferred to cheaper cloud service for storage. The algorithm finds the trade-off among computation, storage and bandwidth costs in the cloud, which are three key factors for the cost of storing generated application datasets with multiple cloud service providers. Simulations conducted with popular cloud service providers' pricing models show that the proposed algorithm is highly cost-effective to be utilised in the cloud.
Multiple cardiovascular complications in a patient with Behcet's disease

Arterial and cardiac involvement of Behcet's disease is a rare but life threatening complication. The rupture of an arterial aneurysm might result in sudden death. We report a 54-year-old man with an established diagnosis of Behcet's disease who presented with multiple cardiovascular complications that eventually lead to his death. He presented with extensive venous occlusions, and sequentially developed right ventricular thrombosis with multiple pulmonary thromboembolisms, and a pulmonary artery aneurysm. We report this unusual sequence of cardiovascular complications in a patient with Behcet's disease.
AURA: Preliminary Technical Results

This paper presents AURA, a programming language for access control that treats ordinary programming constructs (e.g., integers and recursive functions) and authorization logic constructs (e.g., principals and access control policies) in a uniform way. AURA is based on polymorphic DCC and uses dependent types to permit assertions that refer directly to AURA values while keeping computation out of the assertion level to ensure tractability. The main technical results of this paper include fully mechanically verified proofs of the decidability and soundness for AURA's type system, and a prototype typechecker and interpreter. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-08-10. Author(s) Limin Jia, Jeffrey A. Vaughan, Karl Mazurak, Jianzhou Zhao, Luke Zarko, Joseph Schorr, and Stephan A. Zdancewic This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/886 AURA: Preliminary Technical Results University of Pennsylvania Technical Report MS-CIS-08-10
Exploratory study comparing the metabolic toxicities of a lopinavir/ritonavir plus saquinavir dual protease inhibitor regimen versus a lopinavir/ritonavir plus zidovudine/lamivudine nucleoside regimen.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the safety, efficacy and metabolic toxicity of lopinavir/ritonavir + saquinavir or zidovudine/lamivudine and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir + saquinavir.


METHODS
HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-naive subjects were randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg) twice daily + saquinavir (800 mg) or zidovudine/lamivudine (150/300 mg) in a Phase II, 48 week study. Subjects receiving lopinavir/ritonavir + zidovudine/lamivudine initiated escalating doses of saquinavir (400, 600 and 800 mg) weekly for 3 weeks.


RESULTS
By intent-to-treat (non-completer = failure) analysis, 10/16 (63%) lopinavir/ritonavir + saquinavir-treated and 7/14 (50%) lopinavir/ritonavir + zidovudine/lamivudine-treated subjects achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL (P=0.713) at week 48. Safety, tolerability, metabolic changes and truncal fat increases were similar between groups. Small decreases in the lower extremity fat in the zidovudine/lamivudine group (-6%) and a statistically significant increase in the lower extremity fat in the saquinavir group (+19%) were observed. Lopinavir/ritonavir co-administered with saquinavir 600 or 800 mg twice daily produced saquinavir concentrations similar to those previously reported for saquinavir/ritonavir 1000/100 mg twice daily.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment regimens had similar efficacy and tolerability. Metabolic parameters suggested lipoatrophy in the zidovudine/lamivudine treatment group. Saquinavir 600 and 800 mg twice daily produced concentrations similar to those previously reported for saquinavir/ritonavir 1000/100 mg twice daily.
Penile appearance, lumps and bumps.

BACKGROUND
Even after a thorough examination it can be difficult to distinguish a normal penile anatomical variant from pathology needing treatment.


OBJECTIVE
This article aims to assist diagnosis by outlining a series of common penile anatomical variants and comparing them to common pathological conditions.


DISCUSSION
The problems considered include pearly penile papules, penile sebaceous glands (Fordyce spots), Tyson glands, angiokeratomas of the scrotum, lymphocoele, penile warts, molluscum contagiosum, folliculitis and scabies.
Can fiberoptic bronchoscopy be applied to critically ill patients treated with noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome? Prospective observational study

BACKGROUND
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a cornerstone for the treatment of acute respiratory failure of various etiologies. Using NIV is discussed in mild-to-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients (PaO2/FiO2 > 150). These patients often have comorbidities that increase the risk for bronchoscopy related complications. The primary outcome of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and contribution in diagnosis and/or modification of the ongoing treatment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with ARDS treated with NIV.


METHODS
ARDS patients treated with NIV and who require FOB as the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure were included the study. Intensive care ventilators or other dedicated NIV ventilators were used. NIV was applied via simple oro-nasal mask or full-face mask. Pressure support or inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP), external positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) or expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) levels were titrated to achieve an expiratory tidal volume of 8 to 10 ml/kg according to ideal body weight, SpO2 > 90 % and respiratory rate below 25/min.


RESULTS
Twenty eight subjects (mean age 63.3 ± 15.9 years, 15 men, 13 women, PaO2/FiO2 rate 145 ± 50.1 at admission) were included the study. Overall the procedure was well tolerated with only 5 (17.9 %) patients showing minor complications. There was no impairment in arterial blood gas and cardiopulmonary parameters after FOB. PaO2/FiO2 rate increased from 132.2 ± 49.8 to 172.9 ± 63.2 (p = 0.001). No patient was intubated within 2 h after the bronchoscopy. 10.7, 32.1 and 39.3 % of the patients required invasive mechanical ventilation after 8 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Bronchoscopy provided diagnosis in 27 (96.4 %) patients. Appropriate treatment was decided according to the results of the bronchoscopic sampling in 20 (71.4 %) patients.


CONCLUSION
FOB under NIV could be considered as a feasible tool for diagnosis and guide for treatment of patients with ARDS treated via NIV in intensive care units. However, FOB-correlated life-treathening complications in severe hypoxemia should not be forgotten. Furthermore, further controlled studies involving a larger series of homogeneous ARDS patients undergoing FOB under NIV are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Everything you always wanted to know about SEM ( structural equations modeling ) but were afraid to ask

This article is intended to serve as a primer for structural equations models for the behavioral researcher. The technique is not mysterious—it is a natural extension of factor analysis and regression. The measurement part of a structural equations model is essentially a confirmatory factor analysis, and the structural part of the model is like a regression but vastly more flexible in the types of theoretical models that may be tested. The models and notation are introduced and the syntax is provided to replicate the analyses in the paper. Part II of this article will appear in the next issue of the Journal of Consumer Psychology, and it covers advanced issues, including fit indices, sample size, moderators, longitudinal data, mediation, and so forth. © 2009 Society for Consumer Psychology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Structural equations modeling (SEM) is an important tool for marketing researchers. Our top journals contain numerous articles with SEM analyses of data as varied as B2B relationship marketing studies (e.g., Anderson and Narus, 1990; Selnes and Sallis, 2003; Steenkamp and Baumgartner, 2000) or B2C customer satisfaction surveys (e.g., Luo and Bhattacharya, 2006). Survey data from studies such as these are a natural fit for SEM, but when SEM is considered as a natural extension of regression (to be demonstrated shortly), it should be clear that SEM is a statistical tool, orthogonal to the substantive domain of data on which it is implemented. Thus, SEM may also be applied to secondary data bases (e.g., behavioral CRM or loyalty program data) or data collected in experimental settings (e.g., measures of memory, attitudes, and intentions), etc. For example, it is not unusual for an experimental consumer psychologist to inquire about mediation in an attempt to clarify the theoretical processes by which some phenomenon occurs (e.g., Iacobucci, 2008). If mediation clarifies the conceptual picture somewhat, with the insertion of just one new construct— the mediator—imagine howmuch richer the theorizing might be if researchers tried to formulate and test even more complex nomological networks. The Journal of Consumer Psychology presents this article to encourage more frequent and knowledgeable use of SEMs. We begin with an overview of the SEM approach: (1) we discuss the E-mail address: dawn.iacobucci@owen.vanderbilt.edu. 1057-7408/$ see front matter © 2009 Society for Consumer Psychology. Publish doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.002 motivation underlying SEMs and a perennial cautionary concern regarding the interpretation of causality, (2) we review the source models of factor analysis and path analysis, and (3) we combine these to develop the full SEM model, and describe the entirety of parameters that may be estimated. Software syntax is introduced to enhance the likelihood of readers' trial and adoption.
Enhancing Knowledge Management in Online Collaborative Learning

This study aims to explore two crucial aspects of collaborative work and learning: on the one hand, the importance of enabling collaborative learning applications to capture and structure the information generated by group activity and, on the other hand, to extract the relevant knowledge in order to provide learners and tutors with efficient awareness, feedback and support as regards group performance and collaboration. To this end, in this paper we first propose a conceptual model for data analysis and management that identifies and classifies the many kinds of indicators that describe collaboration and learning into high-level aspects of collaboration. Then, we provide a computational platform that, at a first step, collects and classifies both the event information generated asynchronously from the users’ actions and the labeled dialogues from the synchronous collaboration according to these indicators. This information is then analyzed in next steps to eventually extract and present to participants the relevant knowledge about the collaboration. The ultimate aim of this platform is to efficiently embed information and knowledge into collaborative learning applications. We eventually suggest a generalization of our approach to be used in diverse collaborative learning situations and domains.
Motivation and emotion as mediators in multimedia learning

Against the background of Moreno’s “cognitive-affective theory of learning with media” (CATLM) (Moreno, 2006), three papers on cognitive and affective processes in learning with multimedia are discussed in this commentary. The papers provide valuable insights in how cognitive processing and learning results can be affected by constructs such as “situational interest”, “positive emotions”, or “confusion”, and they suggest questions for further research in this field. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Kinematic Observers for Articulated Rovers

A state estimator design is presented for a Mars rover prototype. Odometry estimates are obtained by utilizing the f u l l kinematics of the vehicle including the nonlinear internal kinematics of the rover rocker-bogey mechanism as well as the contact kinematics between the wheels and the ground. Additional sewing using gyroscopes, acclerometers and visual sensors allows for robust rover motion state estimation. Simulation M well as experimental results are presented to illustrate the estimator opemtion.