LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Transfer Learning for Event Extraction

Most previous supervised event extraction methods have relied on features derived from manual annotations, and thus cannot be applied to new event types without extra annotation effort. We take a fresh look at event extraction and model it as a generic grounding problem: mapping each event mention to a specific type in a target event ontology. We design a transferable architecture of structural and compositional neural networks to jointly represent and map event mentions and types into a shared semantic space. Based on this new framework, we can select, for each event mention, the event type which is semantically closest in this space as its type. By leveraging manual annotations available for a small set of existing event types, our framework can be applied to new unseen event types without additional manual annotations. When tested on 23 unseen event types, this zeroshot framework, without manual annotations, achieves performance comparable to a supervised model trained from 3,000 sentences annotated with 500 event mentions.1
Laparoscopic-assisted versus open resection of right-sided colonic cancer—a prospective randomized controlled trial

This study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes and survival between laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (LARH) and open right hemicolectomy (ORH) for right-sided colon cancer. Between July 1996 and October 2005, 145 patients were randomized to receive LARH (n = 71) or ORH (n = 74). The median follow-up of living patients was 99.7 months. The demographic data of the two groups were similar. The time to resume diet (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.045) and the hospital stay (7.8 vs. 10 days, p = 0.033) were significantly shorter in LARH group, but these benefits were at the expense of longer operating time (198 vs. 129 min, p = 0.002) and higher direct cost (USD8745 vs. USD6293, p < 0.001). The morbidity and mortality were comparable between the two groups. After curative resection, the probabilities of survival at 5 years of the LARH and ORH groups were 74.2% (SE 7.4%) and 75% (SE 7.1%), respectively. The probabilities of being disease free at 5 years were 82.3% (SE 6.9%) and 84.1% (SE 6.2%), respectively. Laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic cancer has the advantage over open surgery in allowing earlier recovery. However this is at the expense of a longer operating time and higher direct cost (registration number: NCT00485316 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov )).
Illumination effects in face recognition

How do observers recognize faces despite dramatic image variations that arise from changes in illumination? This paper examines 1) whether face recognition is sensitive to illumination direction, and 2) whether cast shadows improve performance by providing information about illumination, or hinder performance by introducing spurious edges. In Experiment 1, observers judged whether 2 sequentially-presented faces, illuminated from the same or different directions, were the same or different individuals. Cast shadows were present for half of the observers. Performance was impaired by a change in the illumination direction and by the presence of shadows. In Experiment 2, observers learned to name 8 faces under one illumination direction (left/right) and one cast-shadow condition (present/absent); they were later tested under novel illumination and shadow conditions. Performance declined for unfamiliar illumination directions, but not for unfamiliar shadow conditions. The finding that face recognition is illumination dependent is consistent with the use of image-based representations. The results indicate that face recognition processes are sensitive to either the direction of lighting or the resultant pattern of shading, and that cast shadows can hinder recognition, possibly by masking informative features or leading to spurious contours.
Conversion of acid hydrolysate of oil palm empty fruit bunch to L-lactic acid by newly isolated Bacillus coagulans JI12

Cost-effective conversion of lignocellulose hydrolysate to optically pure lactic acid is commercially attractive but very challenging. Bacillus coagulans JI12 was isolated from natural environment and used to produce L-lactic acid (optical purity > 99.5 %) from lignocellulose sugars and acid hydrolysate of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) at 50 °C and pH 6.0 without sterilization of the medium. In fed-batch fermentation with 85 g/L initial xylose and 55 g/L xylose added after 7.5 h, 137.5 g/L lactic acid was produced with a yield of 98 % and a productivity of 4.4 g/L h. In batch fermentation of a sugar mixture containing 8.5 % xylose, 1 % glucose, and 1 % L-arabinose, the lactic acid yield and productivity reached 98 % and 4.8 g/L h, respectively. When EFB hydrolysate was used, 59.2 g/L of lactic acid was produced within 9.5 h at a yield of 97 % and a productivity of 6.2 g/L h, which are the highest among those ever reported from lignocellulose hydrolysates. These results indicate that B. coagulans JI12 is a promising strain for industrial production of L-lactic acid from lignocellulose hydrolysate.
Sensing Train Integrity

This paper presents a new approach to check integrity of cargo trains based on a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN). The WSN is autonomous and gathers information about the composition of the train without outside help or intervention. If the WSN infers from its data that an unexpected change in composition has occurred, it raises an alarm. While moving, a change in composition usually means an undesirable and hazardous loss of carriages. Train composition is determined by two components of the WSN. The communication protocol produces possible sequences of carriages. Sequences may yield carriages from multiple trains. Acceleration sensors distinguish carriages from different trains by correlating movements from individual carriages. Tests with real cargo trains show that the presented approach is feasible. Existing solutions to check train integrity are almost without exception based on trackside systems, while our solution exclusively depends on the train-based WSN.
When, Where and How Osteoporosis-Associated Fractures Occur: An Analysis from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW)

OBJECTIVE
To examine when, where and how fractures occur in postmenopausal women.


METHODS
We analyzed data from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW), including women aged ≥55 years from the United States of America, Canada, Australia and seven European countries. Women completed questionnaires including fracture data at baseline and years 1, 2 and 3.


RESULTS
Among 60,393 postmenopausal women, 4122 incident fractures were reported (86% non-hip, non-vertebral [NHNV], 8% presumably clinical vertebral and 6% hip). Hip fractures were more likely to occur in spring, with little seasonal variation for NHNV or spine fractures. Hip fractures occurred equally inside or outside the home, whereas 65% of NHNV fractures occurred outside and 61% of vertebral fractures occurred inside the home. Falls preceded 68-86% of NHNV and 68-83% of hip fractures among women aged ≤64 to ≥85 years, increasing with age. About 45% of vertebral fractures were associated with falls in all age groups except those ≥85 years, when only 24% occurred after falling.


CONCLUSION
In this multi-national cohort, fractures occurred throughout the year, with only hip fracture having a seasonal variation, with a higher proportion in spring. Hip fractures occurred equally within and outside the home, spine fractures more often in the home, and NHNV fractures outside the home. Falls were a proximate cause of most hip and NHNV fractures. Postmenopausal women at risk for fracture need counseling about reducing potentially modifiable fracture risk factors, particularly falls both inside and outside the home and during all seasons of the year.
Radiation exposure benefit of a lead cap in invasive cardiology.

BACKGROUND
Occupational head exposure to radiation in cardiologists may cause radiation induced cataracts and an increased risk of brain cancer.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of 0.5 mm lead equivalent caps, not previously used in invasive cardiology, in comparison with a 1.0 mm lead equivalent ceiling mounted lead glass screen.


DESIGN
An anthropomorphic Alderson-Rando phantom was used to represent the patient. Scatter entrance skin air kerma to the operator position (S-ESAK-O) was measured during fluoroscopy for all standard angulations and the S-ESAK-O per dose-area product (DAP) calculated, as applied to the phantom.


RESULTS
Measured mean (SD) left/right anterior oblique angulation ratios of S-ESAK-O without lead devices were 23.1 (10.1), and varied as a function of tube angulation, body height, and angle of incidence. S-ESAK-O/DAP decreased with incremental operator body height by 10 (3)% per 10 cm. A 1.0 mm lead glass shield reduced mean S-ESAK-O/DAP originating from coronary angiography from 1089 (764) to 54 (29) nSv/Gy x cm2. A 0.5 mm lead cap was effective in lowering measured levels to 1.8 (1.1) nSv/Gy x cm2. Both devices together enabled attenuation to 0.5 (0.1) nSv/Gy x cm2. The most advantageous line of vision for protection of the operator's eyes was > or = 60 degrees rightward.


CONCLUSIONS
Use of 0.5 mm lead caps proved highly effective, attenuating S-ESAK-O to 2.7 (2.0) x 10(-3) of baseline, and to 1.2 (1.4) x 10(-3) of baseline where there was an additional 1.0 mm lead glass shield. These results could vary according to the x ray systems used, catheterisation protocols, and correct use of radiation protection devices.
Short and long term effects of antipsychotic medication on smooth pursuit eye tracking in schizophrenia

Rationale: Smooth pursuit abnormalities have been observed in antipsychotic naive first-episode patients, suggesting that they are intrinsic to the illness. However, it is not clear whether these abnormalities are as severe as those observed in more chronic patients. In addition, although research suggests that there are no short-term effects of conventional antipsychotic medication, the effects of long-term antipsychotic medication on smooth pursuit eye movements are relatively unknown. Objectives: To determine the short and long term effects of antipsychotic medication on the smooth pursuit performance of first-episode and chronic patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We compared the smooth pursuit performance of antipsychotic-treated and untreated first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients with healthy controls using a comprehensive range of performance measures. This included velocity gain, the number, type and size of intrusive and corrective saccades, and the average time between the change in direction of the target and the change in direction of the eye movement, a measure of subjects' ability to predict target movement. Results: Chronic schizophrenic patients had significantly reduced velocity gain, took longer to respond to the change in target direction and made more catch-up saccades than both first-episode schizophrenic patients and controls. First-episode patients were impaired relative to controls only on the measure of velocity gain. There were no differences between antipsychotic-naive and treated first-episode patients. Antipsychotic-free chronic patients were significantly less impaired on velocity gain than matched continuously treated chronic patients. These results were not influenced by group differences in age and symptom severity. Conclusions: These results show that: 1) the main index of smooth pursuit, velocity gain, is impaired early in the course of schizophrenia; 2) whereas velocity gain is unaffected by short-term (weeks) medication, it is worsened by chronic (years) treatment; 3) other indices of smooth pursuit, catch-up saccades and ability to predict target movement, are adversely influenced by illness chronicity rather than medication.
Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

A BSTRACT Background Goal-directed therapy has been used for severe sepsis and septic shock in the intensive care unit. This approach involves adjustments of cardiac preload, afterload, and contractility to balance oxygen delivery with oxygen demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy before admission to the intensive care unit. Methods We randomly assigned patients who arrived at an urban emergency department with severe sepsis or septic shock to receive either six hours of early goal-directed therapy or standard therapy (as a control) before admission to the intensive care unit. Clinicians who subsequently assumed the care of the patients were blinded to the treatment assignment. In-hospital mortality (the primary efficacy outcome), end points with respect to resuscitation, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores were obtained serially for 72 hours and compared between the study groups. Results Of the 263 enrolled patients, 130 were randomly assigned to early goal-directed therapy and 133 to standard therapy; there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to base-line characteristics. In-hospital mortality was 30.5 percent in the group assigned to early goal-directed therapy, as compared with 46.5 percent in the group assigned to standard therapy (P=0.009). During the interval from 7 to 72 hours, the patients assigned to early goaldirected therapy had a significantly higher mean (±SD) central venous oxygen saturation (70.4±10.7 percent vs. 65.3±11.4 percent), a lower lactate concentration (3.0±4.4 vs. 3.9±4.4 mmol per liter), a lower base deficit (2.0±6.6 vs. 5.1±6.7 mmol per liter), and a higher pH (7.40±0.12 vs. 7.36±0.12) than the patients assigned to standard therapy (P«0.02 for all comparisons). During the same period, mean APACHE II scores were significantly lower, indicating less severe organ dysfunction, in the patients assigned to early goal-directed therapy than in those assigned to standard therapy (13.0±6.3 vs. 15.9±6.4, P<0.001). Conclusions Early goal-directed therapy provides significant benefits with respect to outcome in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:1368-77.)
After Modern Art 1945-2000

1 The Politics of Modernism: Abstract Expressionism and the European Informel 2 Duchamp's Legacy: The Rauschenberg-Johns Axis 3 The Artist in Crisis: From Bacon to Beuys 4 Blurring Boundaries: Pop Art, Fluxus and their Effects 5 Modernism in Retreat: Minimalist Aesthetics and Beyond 6 The Death of the Object: The Move to Conceptualism 7 Postmodernism: Theory and Practice in the 1980s 8 Into the 1990s.
[Imperforate hymen: a series of 13 cases].

BACKGROUND
Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital malformation. Patients often remain asymptomatic until puberty and present in early adolescence with cyclic abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment must be performed in order to prevent morbidity. THE AIM of this study was to asses management of this disease.


METHODS
A retrospective study of 13 cases of imporforate hymen diagnosed in the department of obstetrics and gynecology "A" of Charles Nicolle hospital of Tunis from January 1980 to December 2008. The clinical features and the management are discussed.


RESULTS
The mean age was 14 years. All patients were single and had primary amenorrhea. They presented with pelvic pain in 9 cases and bladder urinary retention in 4 cases. Secondary sexual characters were present and normal in all cases. Inspection of the vulva could establish the diagnosis in all cases. Pelvic ultrasounds showed the hematocolpos in all cases. The latter was associated to a hematometria and a Douglas pouch liquid in 2 cases. Hematocolpos was evacuated by hymeneotomy under oxytocin infusion in all cases. Eight patients were treated by cruciform incisions and five patients were treated by radial incisions of the hymen. The volume of hematocolpos varied from 250 ml to 2000 ml. One patient underwent surgery twice for restenosis of the imperforate hymen.


CONCLUSION
Imperforate hymen is a rare anomaly. Its diagnosis is simple and could be established at birth by a systematic screening. More frequently, the diagnosis must be suspected in front of a primary amenorrhea associated to abdominal pain in order to prevent complications.
International Humanitarian Law: Essence and Perspectives

The purpose of international humanitarian law or the law of armed conflict– formerly called the “law of war”–is to make warfare subject to the rule of law by limiting its destructive effects and mitigating human suffering. International humanitarian law has two types of response to the challenges of war. By means of the law of war it extends protection and assistance to those affected by the hostilities and regulates the means and methods of warfare. It is one of the oldest realms of international law. It is an ancient yet also open-ended project. And it requires constant effort. What has international humanitarian law, in its well-established classic sense, done to meet the challenges posed by war? What are its structural strengths and deficiencies in dealing with the frequently changing face of conflict? What strategies, what rules has it devised to counter the “monster” of war?
Ryanodine receptor calcium release channels: lessons from structure-function studies.

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the largest known ion channels. They are Ca(2+) release channels found primarily on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of myocytes. Several hundred mutations in RyRs are associated with skeletal or cardiomyocyte disease in humans. Many of these mutations can now be mapped onto the high resolution structures of individual RyR domains and on full-length tetrameric cryo-electron microscopy structures. A closely related Ca(2+) release channel, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate receptor (IP3 R), shows a conserved structural architecture at the N-terminus, suggesting that both channels evolved from an ancestral unicellular RyR/IP3 R. The functional insights provided by recent structural studies for both channels will aid in the development of rationale treatments for a myriad of Ca(2+)-signaled malignancies.
A new cmos current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) and its biquad filter application

This paper presents a new high performance current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA), a recently reported active element, especially suitable for analog signal processing applications. The proposed CDTA provide high output impedances at port Z and X, excellent input/output current tracking. The proposed CDTA circuit operats at a supply voltages of ± 1.5V. PSPICE simulation results using TSMC 0.35µ CMOS process model are included to verify the expected values. An example application using the proposed transadmittance type biquad filter is also presented. The proposed filter can realize LP, BP, HP, BS and AP filter responses from the same topology. The circuit also requires no component matching conditions.
Integration of tools for binding archetypes to SNOMED CT

BACKGROUND
The Archetype formalism and the associated Archetype Definition Language have been proposed as an ISO standard for specifying models of components of electronic healthcare records as a means of achieving interoperability between clinical systems. This paper presents an archetype editor with support for manual or semi-automatic creation of bindings between archetypes and terminology systems.


METHODS
Lexical and semantic methods are applied in order to obtain automatic mapping suggestions. Information visualisation methods are also used to assist the user in exploration and selection of mappings.


RESULTS
An integrated tool for archetype authoring, semi-automatic SNOMED CT terminology binding assistance and terminology visualization was created and released as open source.


CONCLUSION
Finding the right terms to bind is a difficult task but the effort to achieve terminology bindings may be reduced with the help of the described approach. The methods and tools presented are general, but here only bindings between SNOMED CT and archetypes based on the openEHR reference model are presented in detail.
Putting Theory into Practice: Moving from Student Identity to Teacher Identity

As teaching is a highly skilled and complex profession, pre-service teachers’ need to develop a series of attributes for their practice in relation to pedagogy, content, student learning, classroom management and their ability to engage in reflection. Through reflective narrative, this article seeks to share how a tertiary music educator prepares her generalist primary pre-service teachers to engage, explore and experience music education within the Bachelor of Education (Primary) course at Unnamed University. It also presents one pre-service teacher’s experience of teaching music during her school placements in 2009 in what she calls ‘putting theory into practice’ moving from student identity to teacher identity. Although the ‘hands-on’ approach to teaching and learning on-campus and when on school placement provide pre-service teachers with knowledge, skills and understanding, the continued support of professional learning is well recognised and will be an ongoing process as pre-service teachers create their own professional identity.
Concept-Driven Multi-Modality Fusion for Video Search

As it is true for human perception that we gather information from different sources in natural and multi-modality forms, learning from multi-modalities has become an effective scheme for various information retrieval problems. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modality fusion approach for video search, where the search modalities are derived from a diverse set of knowledge sources, such as text transcript from speech recognition, low-level visual features from video frames, and high-level semantic visual concepts from supervised learning. Since the effectiveness of each search modality greatly depends on specific user queries, prompt determination of the importance of a modality to a user query is a critical issue in multi-modality search. Our proposed approach, named concept-driven multi-modality fusion (CDMF), explores a large set of predefined semantic concepts for computing multi-modality fusion weights in a novel way. Specifically, in CDMF, we decompose the query-modality relationship into two components that are much easier to compute: query-concept relatedness and concept-modality relevancy. The former can be efficiently estimated online using semantic and visual mapping techniques, while the latter can be computed offline based on concept detection accuracy of each modality. Such a decomposition facilitates the need of adaptive learning of fusion weights for each user query on-the-fly, in contrast to the existing approaches which mostly adopted predefined query classes and/or modality weights. Experimental results on TREC video-retrieval evaluation 2005-2008 dataset validate the effectiveness of our approach, which outperforms the existing multi-modality fusion methods and achieves near-optimal performance (from oracle fusion) for many test queries.