LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
FAQ-Centered Organizational Memory

We use the term “FAQs” in a broader sense. Take the knowledge related to a customer service department as an example. Our FAQs will practically include all kinds of questions that are being asked to that department plus the additional ones that are potentially important. We treat the answers to the FAQs as the knowledge pieces that are valuable to the organization, which need to be preserved. FAQ-Centered Organizational Memory Shih-Hung Wu, Min-Yuh Day, Wen-Lian Hsu Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. shwu@iis.sinica.edu.tw, myday@iis.sinica.edu.tw, hsu@iis.sinica.edu.tw The value of a piece of information in an organization is related to its retrieval (or requested) frequency. Therefore, collecting the answers to the frequently asked questions (FAQs) and constructing a good retrieval mechanism is a useful way to maintain organizational memory (OM). Since natural language is the easiest way for people to communicate, we have designed a natural language dialogue system for sharing the valuable knowledge of an organization. The system receives a natural language query from the user and matches it with a FAQ. Either an appropriate answer will be returned according to the user profile or the system will ask-back another question to the user so that a more detailed query can be formed. This dialogue will continue until the user is satisfied or a detailed answer is obtained. In this paper, we applied natural language processing techniques to build a computer system that can help to achieve the goal of OM. The FAQs are indexed in our knowledge representation map and their corresponding answers are stored in a multimedia database, be it a document, a diagram, a program, a database, a video or an audio recording. We believe there should be as little restriction as possible on the format of the representation of the OM. However, unlike pure text data, different media of data storages does not have a uniform management environment and there is no easy way to retrieve the desired answer. Hence, the key to the retrieval problem lies in an effective indexing mechanism. In this paper, we use a “natural language question” as an index for each knowledge piece. Such a question is more like a “title” for that knowledge piece rather than a detailed description as seen in most metadata. The answers to one question may vary depending on the users. Hence, there can be multiple links from one question to different answers.
Aripiprazole monotherapy in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar I disorder: an analysis from a long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

AIMS
Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder is difficult to treat and associated with greater morbidity than non-rapid-cycling disease. This post hoc analysis evaluated 28 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar I disorder from a 100-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing long-term efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in patients with bipolar I disorder (most recently manic/mixed).


METHODS
Following >or= 6 consecutive weeks' stabilisation with open-label aripiprazole, patients were randomised (1 : 1) to aripiprazole or placebo. Patients completing 26 weeks treatment without relapse could continue for a further 74 weeks. Primary end-point was time to relapse for manic, mixed or depressive symptoms, defined as discontinuation due to lack of efficacy. Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) monitoring and changes in weight and lipid, glucose and prolactin levels.


RESULTS
Of the 28 patients (aripiprazole, n = 14; placebo, n = 14) with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, 12 (aripiprazole, n = 7; placebo, n = 5) completed the initial 26-week treatment period and three (all aripiprazole treated) completed the 100-week, double-blind period. Time to relapse was significantly longer with aripiprazole vs. placebo at week 26 [log-rank p = 0.033; 26-week hazard ratio = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.04, 1.03)] and week 100 [log-rank p = 0.017; 100-week hazard ratio = 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.88)]. The most commonly reported AEs with aripiprazole during the 100 weeks (>or= 10% incidence and twice placebo) were anxiety (n = 4), sinusitis (n = 4), depression (n = 3) and upper respiratory infection (n = 3). One aripiprazole-treated patient discontinued due to an AE (akathisia). There were no significant between-group differences in mean changes in weight or metabolic parameters.


CONCLUSION
In this small, post hoc subanalysis, aripiprazole maintained efficacy and was generally well tolerated in the long-term treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Further research with prospectively designed and adequately powered trials is warranted.
Prepubertal Vaginal Bleeding: Etiology, Diagnostic Approach, and Management.

IMPORTANCE
Prepubertal vaginal bleeding outside the neonatal period is always abnormal and is very alarming to parents. A variety of practitioners, including obstetrician-gynecologists and pediatricians, may be asked to see patients with this presenting complaint, yet many do not receive adequate training in pediatric gynecology.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Review of the published literature in PubMed, focusing on the last 20 years, regarding the incidence, etiologies, diagnosis, and management strategies for the common causes of prepubertal vaginal bleeding.


RESULTS
Careful history taking and pediatric-specific gynecological examination skills, including awareness of normal anatomy across the age spectrum and the ability to identify an estrogenized hymen, are keys to the appropriate assessment of this clinical problem.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Prepubertal vaginal bleeding has many causes and requires a thorough targeted history and pediatric genitourinary examination, requiring knowledge of the variants of normal pediatric genitourinary anatomy. Most causes can be easily treated and are less likely to be due to sexual abuse or malignancy.
Integrating Open and Closed Information Extraction: Challenges and First Steps

Over the past years, state-of-the-art information extraction (IE) systems such as NELL [5] and ReVerb [9] have achieved impressive results by producing very large knowledge resources at web scale with minimal supervision. However, these resources lack the schema information, exhibit a high degree of ambiguity, and are difficult even for humans to interpret. Working with such resources becomes easier if there is a structured information base to which the resources can be linked. In this paper, we introduce the integration of open information extraction projects with Wikipedia-based IE projects that maintain a logical schema, as an important challenge for the NLP, semantic web, and machine learning communities. We describe the problem, present a gold-standard benchmark, and take the first steps towards a data-driven solution to the problem. This is especially promising, since NELL and ReVerb typically achieve a very large coverage, but still still lack a fullfledged clean ontological structure which, on the other hand, could be provided by large-scale ontologies like DBpedia [2] or YAGO [13].
Automated GUI performance testing

A significant body of prior work has devised approaches for automating the functional testing of interactive applications. However, little work exists for automatically testing their performance. Performance testing imposes additional requirements upon GUI test automation tools: the tools have to be able to replay complex interactive sessions, and they have to avoid perturbing the application’s performance. We study the feasibility of using five Java GUI capture and replay tools for GUI performance test automation. Besides confirming the severity of the previously known GUI element identification problem, we also describe a related problem, the temporal synchronization problem, which is of increasing importance for GUI applications that use timer-driven activity. We find that most of the tools we study have severe limitations when used for recording and replaying realistic sessions of real-world Java applications and that all of them suffer from the temporal synchronization problem. However, we find that the most reliable tool, Pounder, causes only limited perturbation and thus can be used to automate performance testing. Based on an investigation of Pounder’s approach, we further improve its robustness and reduce its perturbation. Finally, we demonstrate in a set of case studies that the conclusions about perceptible performance drawn from manual tests still hold when using automated tests driven by Pounder. Besides the significance of our findings to GUI performance testing, the results are also relevant to capture and replay-based functional GUI test automation approaches.
Learning to Solve Arithmetic Word Problems with Verb Categorization

This paper presents a novel approach to learning to solve simple arithmetic word problems. Our system, ARIS, analyzes each of the sentences in the problem statement to identify the relevant variables and their values. ARIS then maps this information into an equation that represents the problem, and enables its (trivial) solution as shown in Figure 1. The paper analyzes the arithmetic-word problems “genre”, identifying seven categories of verbs used in such problems. ARIS learns to categorize verbs with 81.2% accuracy, and is able to solve 77.7% of the problems in a corpus of standard primary school test questions. We report the first learning results on this task without reliance on predefined templates and make our data publicly available.1
Raw meat based diet influences faecal microbiome and end products of fermentation in healthy dogs

BACKGROUND
Dietary intervention studies are required to deeper understand the variability of gut microbial ecosystem in healthy dogs under different feeding conditions and to improve diet formulations. The aim of the study was to investigate in dogs the influence of a raw based diet supplemented with vegetable foods on faecal microbiome in comparison with extruded food.


METHODS
Eight healthy adult Boxer dogs were recruited and randomly divided in two experimental blocks of 4 individuals. Dogs were regularly fed a commercial extruded diet (RD) and starting from the beginning of the trial, one group received the raw based diet (MD) and the other group continued to be fed with the RD diet (CD) for a fortnight. After 14 days, the two groups were inverted, the CD group shifted to the MD and the MD shifted to the CD, for the next 14 days. Faeces were collected at the beginning of the study (T0), after 14 days (T14) before the change of diet and at the end of experimental period (T28) for DNA extraction and analysis of metagenome by sequencing 16SrRNA V3 and V4 regions, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lactate and faecal score.


RESULTS
A decreased proportion of Lactobacillus, Paralactobacillus (P < 0.01) and Prevotella (P < 0.05) genera was observed in the MD group while Shannon biodiversity Index significantly increased (3.31 ± 0.15) in comparison to the RD group (2.92 ± 0.31; P < 0.05). The MD diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the Faecal Score and increased the lactic acid concentration in the feces in comparison to the RD treatment (P < 0.01). Faecal acetate was negatively correlated with Escherichia/Shigella and Megamonas (P < 0.01), whilst butyrate was positively correlated with Blautia and Peptococcus (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between lactate and Megamonas (P < 0.05), Escherichia/Shigella (P < 0.01) and Lactococcus (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the diet composition modifies faecal microbial composition and end products of fermentation. The administration of MD diet promoted a more balanced growth of bacterial communities and a positive change in the readouts of healthy gut functions in comparison to RD diet.
Effectiveness of applying progressive muscle relaxation technique on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To identify the effects of applying Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Quality of Life of patients with multiple Sclerosis.


BACKGROUND
In view of the growing caring options in Multiple Sclerosis, improvement of quality of life has become increasingly relevant as a caring intervention. Complementary therapies are widely used by multiple sclerosis patients and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is a form of complementary therapies.


DESIGN
Quasi-experimental study.


METHOD
Multiple Sclerosis patients (n = 66) were selected with no probability sampling then assigned to experimental and control groups (33 patients in each group). Means of data collection included: Individual Information Questionnaire, SF-8 Health Survey, Self-reported checklist. PMRT performed for 63 sessions by experimental group during two months but no intervention was done for control group. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software.


RESULTS
Student t-test showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in mean scores of health-related quality of life before the study but this test showed a significant difference between two groups, one and two months after intervention (p < 0.05). anova test with repeated measurements showed that there is a significant difference in mean score of whole and dimensions of health-related quality of life between two groups in three times (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Although this study provides modest support for the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients, further research is required to determine better methods to promote quality of life of patients suffer multiple sclerosis and other chronic disease.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is practically feasible and is associated with increase of life quality of multiple sclerosis patients; so that health professionals need to update their knowledge about complementary therapies.
A comparison study between gross tumor volumes defined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, postoperative specimens, and tumor bed for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery

BACKGROUND
The identification and contouring of target volume is important for breast-conserving therapy. The aim of the study was to compare preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), postoperative pathology, excised specimens' (ES) size, and tumor bed (TB) delineation as methods for determining the gross tumor volume (GTV) for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS).


METHODS
Thirty-three patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative MRI and radiotherapy after BCS were enrolled. The GTVs determined by MRI, pathology, and the ES were defined as GTVMRI, GTVPAT, and GTVES, respectively. GTVMRI+1 was defined as a 1.0-cm margin around the GTVMRI. The radiation oncologist delineated GTV of the TB (GTVTB) using planning computed tomography according to ≥5 surgical clips placed in the lumpectomy cavity (LC).


RESULTS
The median GTVMRI, GTVMRI+1, GTVPAT, GTVES, and GTVTB were 0.97 cm (range, 0.01-6.88), 12.58 cm (range, 3.90-34.13), 0.97 cm (range, 0.01-6.36), 15.46 cm (range, 1.15-70.69), and 19.24 cm (range, 4.72-54.33), respectively. There were no significant differences between GTVMRI and GTVPAT, GTVMRI+1 and GTVES, GTVES and GTVTB (P = 0.188, 0.070, and 0.264, respectively). GTVMRI is positively related with GTVPAT. However, neither GTVES nor GTVTB correlated with GTVMRI (P = 0.071 and 0.378, respectively). Furthermore, neither GTVES nor GTVTB correlated with GTVMRI+1 (P = 0.068 and 0.375, respectively).


CONCLUSION
When ≥5 surgical clips were placed in the LC for BCS, the volume of TB was consistent with the volume of ES. Neither the volume of TB nor the volume of ES correlated significantly with the volume of tumor defined by preoperative MRI.
Haplogroups as evolutionary markers of cognitive ability

Article history: Received 19 November 2011 Received in revised form 5 March 2012 Accepted 9 April 2012 Available online xxxx Studies investigating evolutionary theories on the origins of national differences in intelligence have been criticized on the basis that both national cognitive ability measures and supposedly evolutionarily informative proxies (such as latitude and climate) are confounded with general developmental status. In this study 14 Y chromosomal haplogroups (N=47 countries) are employed as evolutionary markers. These are (most probably) not intelligence coding genes, but proxies of evolutionary development with potential relevance to cognitive ability. Correlations and regression analyses with a general developmental indicator (HDI) revealed that seven haplogroups were empirically important predictors of national cognitive ability (I, R1a, R1b, N, J1, E, T[+L]). Based on their evolutionary meaning and correlation with cognitive ability these haplogroups were grouped into two sets. Combined, they accounted in a regression and path analyses for 32–51% of the variance in national intelligence relative to the developmental indicator (35–58%). This pattern was replicated internationally with further controls (e.g. latitude, spatial autocorrelation etc.) and at the regional level in two independent samples (within Italy and Spain). These findings, using a conservative estimate of evolutionary influences, provide support for a mixed influence on national cognitive ability stemming from both current environmental and past environmental (evolutionary) factors. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions.

OBJECTIVE
To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features: appropriate for assessing both randomised and non-randomised studies; provision of both an overall score for study quality and a profile of scores not only for the quality of reporting, internal validity (bias and confounding) and power, but also for external validity.


DESIGN
A pilot version was first developed, based on epidemiological principles, reviews, and existing checklists for randomised studies. Face and content validity were assessed by three experienced reviewers and reliability was determined using two raters assessing 10 randomised and 10 non-randomised studies. Using different raters, the checklist was revised and tested for internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20), test-retest and inter-rater reliability (Spearman correlation coefficient and sign rank test; kappa statistics), criterion validity, and respondent burden.


MAIN RESULTS
The performance of the checklist improved considerably after revision of a pilot version. The Quality Index had high internal consistency (KR-20: 0.89) as did the subscales apart from external validity (KR-20: 0.54). Test-retest (r 0.88) and inter-rater (r 0.75) reliability of the Quality Index were good. Reliability of the subscales varied from good (bias) to poor (external validity). The Quality Index correlated highly with an existing, established instrument for assessing randomised studies (r 0.90). There was little difference between its performance with non-randomised and with randomised studies. Raters took about 20 minutes to assess each paper (range 10 to 45 minutes).


CONCLUSIONS
This study has shown that it is feasible to develop a checklist that can be used to assess the methodological quality not only of randomised controlled trials but also non-randomised studies. It has also shown that it is possible to produce a checklist that provides a profile of the paper, alerting reviewers to its particular methodological strengths and weaknesses. Further work is required to improve the checklist and the training of raters in the assessment of external validity.
Low-delay peer-to-peer streaming using scalable video coding

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks represent a valuable architecture for streaming video over the Internet. In these systems, users contribute their resources to relay the media to others and no dedicated infrastructure is required. In order to ensure a low end-to-end delay, P2P overlay networks are often organized as a set of complementary multicast trees. The source of the stream multiplexes the data on top of these trees and the routing of packets is statically defined. In this scenario, the reliability of the overlay links is critical for the performance of the system since temporary link failure or network congestion can cause a significant disruption of the end-user quality. The novel Scalable Video Coding (SVC) standard enables efficient usage of the network capacity by allowing intermediate high capacity nodes in the overlay network to dynamically extract layers from the scalable bit stream to serve less capable peers. On the other hand, SVC incurs a certain loss in terms of coding efficiency with respect to H.264/AVC single-layer coding. We propose a simple model that allows to evaluate the trade-off of using a scalable codec with respect to single-layer coding, given the distribution of the receivers’ capacities in an error-free network. We also report experimental results obtained by using SVC on top of a real-time implementation of the Stanford Peer-to-Peer Multicast (SPPM) protocol that clearly show the benefits of a prioritization mechanism to react to network congestion.
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Thrombus Aspiration, and Different Invasive Strategies. A TASTE Trial Substudy

BACKGROUND
The clinical effect of thrombus aspiration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction may depend on the type of aspiration catheter and stenting technique.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label trial Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) did not demonstrate a clinical benefit of thrombus aspiration compared to percutaneous coronary intervention alone. We assessed the effect of type of aspiration device, stent type, direct stenting, and postdilatation on outcomes at 1 year. There was no difference in all-cause mortality, between the 3 most frequently used aspiration catheters (Eliminate [Terumo] 5.4%, Export [Medtronic] 5.0%, Pronto [Vascular Solutions] 4.5%) in patients randomized to thrombus aspiration. There was no difference in mortality between directly stented patients randomized to thrombus aspiration compared to patients randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention only (risk ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.67, P=0.73). Similarly, there was no difference in mortality between the 2 randomized groups for patients receiving drug-eluting stents (risk ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.26, P=0.50) or for those treated with postdilation (risk ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.07, P=0.11). Furthermore, there was no difference in rehospitalization for myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis between the randomized arms in any of the subgroups.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction randomized to thrombus aspiration, the type of aspiration catheter did not affect outcome. Stent type, direct stenting, or postdilation did not affect outcome irrespective of treatment with thrombus aspiration and percutaneous coronary intervention or percutaneous coronary intervention alone.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01093404, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01093404.