LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Validation of potential classification criteria for systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE
Classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) are being updated jointly by the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism. Potential items for classification were reduced to 23 using Delphi and nominal group techniques. We evaluated the face, discriminant, and construct validity of the items to be further studied as potential criteria.


METHODS
Face validity was evaluated using the frequency of items in patients sampled from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, 1000 Faces of Lupus, and the Pittsburgh, Toronto, Madrid, and Berlin connective tissue disease (CTD) databases. Patients with SSc (n = 783) were compared to 1,071 patients with diseases similar to SSc (mimickers): systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 499), myositis (n = 171), Sjögren's syndrome (n = 95), Raynaud's phenomenon (RP; n = 228), mixed CTD (n = 29), and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; n = 49). Discriminant validity was evaluated using odds ratios (ORs). For construct validity, empirical ranking was compared to expert ranking.


RESULTS
Compared to mimickers, patients with SSc were more likely to have skin thickening (OR 427); telangiectasias (OR 91); anti-RNA polymerase III antibody (OR 75); puffy fingers (OR 35); finger flexion contractures (OR 29); tendon/bursal friction rubs (OR 27); anti-topoisomerase I antibody (OR 25); RP (OR 24); fingertip ulcers/pitting scars (OR 19); anticentromere antibody (OR 14); abnormal nailfold capillaries (OR 10); gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (OR 8); antinuclear antibody, calcinosis, dysphagia, and esophageal dilation (all OR 6); interstitial lung disease/pulmonary fibrosis (OR 5); and anti-PM-Scl antibody (OR 2). Reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, PAH, and reduced forced vital capacity had ORs of <2. Renal crisis and digital pulp loss/acroosteolysis did not occur in SSc mimickers (OR not estimated). Empirical and expert ranking were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.53, P = 0.01).


CONCLUSION
The candidate items have good face, discriminant, and construct validity. Further item reduction will be evaluated in prospective SSc and mimicker cases.
Analysis of Nonstationary Nonlinear Economic Time Series of Gold Price A Comparative Study

Modeling nonstationary-nonlinear time series has become a major challenge in all fields of scientific research. Some of the popularly used models include ARIMA and GARCH. The limitations of ARIMA modeling was reported by Harvey [1] and GARCH model by Daniel [2] when applied to model financial time series. Wavelet Networks, a new approach to analyze such time series is seen to be efficient for forecasting. In this paper we have used GARCH model, Wavelet Neural Network (WNN), T-TAR model and WNN with T-TAR model for forecasting a nonstationary-nonlinear time series and these methods are applied for forecasting a nonstationary-nonlinear time series of gold price (price in US Dollar against 1 ounce of gold), an economic time series of current interest. Here it is established that WNN as well as WNN using T-TAR model give accuracy prediction of future values. In the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) using T-TAR model for preprocessing have further advantages as it includes a parametric model. Mathematics Subject Classification: 37M10, 62M10, 91B84
An Empirical Study of Reviewer Recommendation in Pull-based Development Model

Code review is an important process to reduce code defects and improve software quality. However, in social coding communities using the pull-based model, everyone can submit code changes, which increases the required code review efforts. Therefore, there is a great need of knowing the process of code review and analyzing the pre-existing reviewer recommendation algorithms. In this paper, we do an empirical study about the PRs and their reviewers in Rails project. Moreover, we reproduce a popular and effective IR-based code reviewer recommendation algorithm and validate it on our dataset which contains 16,049 PRs. We find that the inactive reviewers are very important to code reviewing process, however, the pre-existing method's recommendation result strongly depends on the activeness of reviewers.
Synchronized regular expressions

Text manipulation is one of the most common tasks for everyone using a computer. The increasing number of textual information in electronic format that every computer user collects everyday also increases the need of more powerful tools to interact with texts. Indeed, much work has been done to provide simple and versatile tools that can be useful for the most common text manipulation tasks. Regular Expressions (RE), introduced by Kleene, are well known in the formal language theory. RE have been extended in various ways, depending on the application of interest. In almost all the implementations of RE search algorithms (e.g. the egrep [15] UNIX command, or the Perl [20] language pattern matching constructs) we find backreferences, i.e. expressions that make reference to the string matched by a previous subexpression. Generally speaking, it seems that all kinds of synchronizations between subexpressions in a RE can be very useful when interacting with texts. In this paper we introduce the Synchronized Regular Expressions (SRE) as an extension of the Regular Expressions. We use SRE to present a formal study of the already known backreferences extension, and of a new extension proposed by us, which we call the synchronized exponents. Moreover, since we are dealing with formalisms that should have a practical utility and be used in real applications, we have the problem of how to present SRE to the final users. Therefore, in this paper we also propose a user-friendly syntax for SRE to be used in implementations of SRE-powered search algorithms.
Revisiting MOSFET threshold voltage extraction methods

This article presents an up-to-date review of the several extraction methods commonly used to determine the value of the threshold voltage of MOSFETs. It includes the different methods that extract this quantity from the drain current versus gate voltage transfer characteristics measured under linear operation conditions for crystalline and non-crystalline MOSFETs. The various methods presented for the linear region are adapted to the saturation region and tested as a function of drain voltage whenever possible. The implementation of the extraction methods is discussed and tested by applying them to real state-ofthe-art devices in order to compare their performance. The validity of the different methods with respect to the presence of parasitic series resistance is also evaluated using 2-D simulations. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Robust Obstacle Avoidance using Tube NMPC

This work considers the problem of avoiding obstacles for general nonlinear systems subject to disturbances. Obstacle avoidance is achieved by computing disturbance invariant sets along a nominal trajectory and ensuring these invariant sets do not intersect with obstacles. We develop a novel technique to compute approximate disturbance invariant sets for general nonlinear systems using a set of finite dimensional optimizations. A bi-level NMPC optimization strategy alternates between optimizing over the nominal trajectory and finding the disturbance invariant sets. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to generate disturbance invariant sets for standard 3D aerial and planar ground vehicles models, and the NMPC algorithm successfully computes obstacle avoidance trajectories using the disturbance invariant sets.
Voice disorders in teachers: occupational risk factors and psycho-emotional factors.

BACKGROUND
Teaching is a high-risk occupation for developing voice disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate previously described vocal risk factors as well as to identify new risk factors related to both the personal life of the teacher (fluid intake, voice-demanding activities, family history of voice disorders, and children at home) and to environmental factors (temperature changes, chalk use, presence of curtains, carpet, or air-conditioning, acoustics in the classroom, and noise in and outside the classroom).


METHODS
The study group comprised 994 teachers (response rate 46.6%). All participants completed a questionnaire. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were performed.


RESULTS
A total of 51.2% (509/994) of the teachers presented with voice disorders. Women reported more voice disorders compared to men (56.4% versus 40.4%, P < 0.001). Vocal risk factors were a family history of voice disorders (P = 0.005), temperature changes in the classroom (P = 0.017), the number of pupils per classroom (P = 0.001), and noise level inside the classroom (P = 0.001). Teachers with voice disorders presented a higher level of psychological distress (P < 0.001) compared to teachers without voice problems.


CONCLUSION
Voice disorders are frequent among teachers, especially in female teachers. The results of this study emphasize that multiple factors are involved in the development of voice disorders.
Brazilian version of the Functional Status Score for the ICU:
translation and cross-cultural adaptation

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Functional Status Score for the intensive care unit (FSS-ICU) into Brazilian Portuguese.


Methods:
This study consisted of the following steps: translation (performed by two independent translators), synthesis of the initial translation, back-translation (by two independent translators who were unaware of the original FSS-ICU), and testing to evaluate the target audience's understanding. An Expert Committee supervised all steps and was responsible for the modifications made throughout the process and the final translated version.


Results:
The testing phase included two experienced physiotherapists who assessed a total of 30 critical care patients (mean FSS-ICU score = 25 ± 6). As the physiotherapists did not report any uncertainties or problems with interpretation affecting their performance, no additional adjustments were made to the Brazilian Portuguese version after the testing phase. Good interobserver reliability between the two assessors was obtained for each of the 5 FSS-ICU tasks and for the total FSS-ICU score (intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 0.91).


Conclusion:
The adapted version of the FSS-ICU in Brazilian Portuguese was easy to understand and apply in an intensive care unit environment.
Temporal anchors in user experience research

As HCI becomes more aware of long-term use experience, users' retrospection might be one starting point to explore prior interactive use. However, due to the limitation of current methodologies and human memory, research participants might recall specific prior use episodes and less their experience over time. In this note, we examine how to encourage retrospection and reflection concerning the changes of use experience in the past and over time. We have reviewed relevant research and traced the usage of temporal references in those studies, such as diagrams of use measurement over time or the history of interactive products. We propose the notion of temporal anchors as way of capturing and grounding temporal aspects of long-term use experience. We have found that methods that include temporal anchors have facilitated opportunities for rich reflections and communications around use experience and temporality.
Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study.

AIMS
A higher intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but there is some uncertainty about the interpretation of this association. The objective was to assess the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of mortality from IHD in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study.


METHODS AND RESULTS
After an average of 8.4 years of follow-up, there were 1636 deaths from IHD among 313 074 men and women without previous myocardial infarction or stroke from eight European countries. Participants consuming at least eight portions (80 g each) of fruits and vegetables a day had a 22% lower risk of fatal IHD [relative risk (RR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.95] compared with those consuming fewer than three portions a day. After calibration of fruit and vegetable intake to account for differences in dietary assessment between the participating centres, a one portion (80 g) increment in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 4% lower risk of fatal IHD (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, P for trend = 0.033).


CONCLUSION
Results from this large observational study suggest that a higher intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of IHD mortality. Whether this association is causal and, if so, the biological mechanism(s) by which fruits and vegetables operate to lower IHD risks remains unclear.
Mobile Cloud-Based Big Healthcare Data Processing in Smart Cities

In recent years, the Smart City concept has become popular for its promise to improve the quality of life of urban citizens. The concept involves multiple disciplines, such as Smart health care, Smart transportation, and Smart community. Most services in Smart Cities, especially in the Smart healthcare domain, require the real-time sharing, processing, and analyzing of Big Healthcare Data for intelligent decision making. Therefore, a strong wireless and mobile communication infrastructure is necessary to connect and access Smart healthcare services, people, and sensors seamlessly, anywhere at any time. In this scenario, mobile cloud computing (MCC) can play a vital role by offloading Big Healthcare Data related tasks, such as sharing, processing, and analysis, from mobile applications to cloud resources, ensuring quality of service demands of end users. Such resource migration, which is also termed virtual machine (VM) migration, is effective in the Smart healthcare scenario in Smart Cities. In this paper, we propose an ant colony optimization-based joint VM migration model for a heterogeneous, MCC-based Smart Healthcare system in Smart City environment. In this model, the user’s mobility and provisioned VM resources in the cloud address the VM migration problem. We also present a thorough performance evaluation to investigate the effectiveness of our proposed model compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Sedentary Behavior Is Not Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to determine whether time spent in sedentary behaviors (SED) was associated with 2-hour glucose and insulin resistance in adults with abdominal obesity. We also examined the association between light physical activity (LPA) and sporadic (accumulated in bouts <10 minutes in duration) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with glucose metabolism.


METHODS
Participants were 135 inactive, abdominally obese adults recruited from Kingston, Canada. SED and physical activity were determined by accelerometry over 7 days and summarized as SED (accelerometer counts/min <100), LPA (counts/min 100-1951), and MVPA (counts/min ≥1952). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used to ascertain 2-hour glucose; the homeostasis model of assessment was used to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); lipid, lipoproteins and blood pressure were determined using standard protocols. Secondary analyses considered the association between SED and physical activity with other cardiometabolic risk factors.


RESULTS
Participants spent 627.2±82.9 min/d in SED, 289.0±91.7 min/d in LPA and 19.2±13.5 min/d in MVPA. Neither SED nor the physical activity variables were associated with 2-hour glucose or HOMA-IR (p>0.05). In secondary analyses, SED was not associated with any cardiometabolic risk factor (p>0.1); with the exception of blood pressure (p<0.05), LPA was not associated with any cardiometabolic risk factor (p>0.1); and MVPA was independently associated with total cholesterol and triglycerides (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Objectively measured SED was not associated with 2-hr glucose or HOMA-IR. Our findings also suggest that the accumulation of LPA and sporadic MVPA is not associated with glucose metabolism in adults with abdominal obesity.
Classifying CT/MR findings in patients with suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of liver imaging reporting and data system and criteria-free Likert scale reporting models.

PURPOSE
To compare the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and a criteria-free Likert scale (LS) reporting models for classifying computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MR) findings of suspicious hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Imaging data of 281 hepatic nodules in 203 patients were retrospectively included. Imaging characteristics including diameter, arterial hyperenhancement, washout, and capsule were reviewed independently by two groups of readers using LI-RADS and LS (range, score 1-5). LS is primarily based on the overall impression of image findings without using fixed criteria. Interreader agreement (IRA), intraclass agreement (ICA), and diagnostic performance were determined by Fleiss, Cohen's kappa (κ), and logistic regression, respectively.


RESULTS
There were 167 contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) versus 114 MR data. Overall, IRA was moderate (κ = 0.47, 0.52); IRA was moderate-to-good for arterial hyperenhancement, washout, and capsule (κ = 0.56-0.69); excellent for diameter and tumor embolus (κ = 0.99). Overall, ICA between LI-RADS and LS was moderate (κ = 0.44-0.50); ICA was good for scores 1-2 (κ = 0.71-0.90), moderate for scores 3 and 5 (κ = 0.41-0.52), but very poor for score 4 (κ = 0.11-0.19). LI-RADS produced significantly lower accuracy (78.6% vs. 87.2%) and sensitivity (72.1% vs. 92.8%), higher specificity (97.3% vs. 71.2%) and positive likelihood ratio (+LR: 26.32 vs. 3.23) in diagnosis of HCC. CECT produced relatively low IRA, ICA, and diagnostic ability against MR.


CONCLUSION
There were substantial variations in liver observations between LI-RADS and LS. Further study is needed to investigate ICA between CECT and MR.
End-to-End Signing and Object Encryption for the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This memo defines methods of end-to-end signing and object encryption for the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).
Archer: A Community Distributed Computing Infrastructure for Computer Architecture Research and Education

This paper introduces Archer, a community-based computing resource for computer architecture research and education. The Archer infrastructure integrates virtualization and batch scheduling middleware to deliver high-throughput computing resources aggregated from resources distributed across wide-area networks and owned by different participating entities in a seamless manner. The paper discusses the motivations leading to the design of Archer, describes its core middleware components, and presents an analysis of the functionality and performance of a prototype wide-area deployment running a representative computer architecture simulation workload.
Chinese Information Retrieval Based on Terms and Ontology

In this paper, we describe our approach for single language information retrieval (SLIR) on Chinese language of NTCIR4 tasks. Firstly, we automatically extract terms (short-terms and long terms) from document set and use them to build indexes; secondly, for a query, we use short terms in the query and documents to do initial retrieval; thirdly, we build an ontology for the query to do query expansion and implement second retrieval. Finally, we use long terms to reorder the top N retrieved documents. Experiments show that the method achieves good results for both T-run and D-Run SLIR tasks of Chinese language.
Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery

Google ads, black names and white names, racial discrimination, and click advertising
Simple Time Averaging Current Quality Evaluation of a Single-Phase Multilevel PWM Inverter

This paper addresses theoretical calculation of a single-phase multilevel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter current total harmonic distortion (THD). Analytical approach introduced in late 1980s for a two-level inverter is generalized for an arbitrary level count for a single-phase inverter. Although the obtained closed-form piecewise analytical solutions assume (infinitely) large ratio of switching and fundamental frequencies and pure inductive load, they are practically very accurate for the ratios of (apparent) switching and fundamental frequencies larger than 25-30 and inductance-dominated loads. Along with strict mathematical solutions, simple accurate Bessel function approximation and hyperbolic average trend one are suggested. The formulas clearly reveal a single-phase PWM inverter current THD dependence on modulation index for an arbitrary voltage level count and are easily modified to cover grid-connected cases.
High Frequency of Allelic Loss in Dysplastic Lichenoid Lesions

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common mucosal condition that is considered premalignant by some, whereas others argue that only lichenoid lesions with epithelial dysplasia are at risk of progressing into oral carcinoma. A recent study from this laboratory used microsatellite analysis to evaluate OLP for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at loci on three chromosomal arms (3p, 9p, and 17p) (Am J Path 1997;Vol151:Page323-Page327). Loss on these arms is a common event in oral epithelial dysplasia and has been associated with risk of progression of oral leukoplakia to cancer. The data showed that, although dysplastic epithelium demonstrated a high frequency of LOH (40% for mild dysplasia), a significantly lower frequency of LOH was noted in OLP (6%), which is even lower than that in hyperplasia (14%). Such results do not support OLP as a lesion at risk for malignant transformation. As a second step of the research, we determined LOH frequencies in 61 dysplastic lichenoid lesions (mild 35; moderate 19; severe 7) using the same microsatellite markers and compared these results with data obtained from the first study and from 13 normal mucosal specimens. Dysplastic lichenoid lesions showed a high frequency of loss (54% for lichenoid lesions with mild dysplasia), but values did not differ significantly from those observed in dysplasia of similar degree without lichenoid appearance. None of the normal mucosa demonstrated LOH. Epithelial dysplasia is a sign of malignant risk, independent of lichenoid changes. Such results suggest that pathologists should search for dysplasia carefully in lesions that otherwise qualify as OLP and that caution should be used when discounting dysplasia as being merely a reactive condition in lichenoid lesions.