LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning to Algorithmic Trading

Conclusions Trading Framework Deep Learning has become a robust machine learning tool in recent years, and models based on deep learning has been applied to various fields. However, applications of deep learning in the field of computational finance are still limited[1]. In our project, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Networks, a time series version of Deep Neural Networks model, is trained on the stock data in order to forecast the next day‘s stock price of Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC): our model predicts next day’s adjusted closing price based on information/features available until the present day. Based on the predicted price, we trade the Intel stock according to the strategy that we developed, which is described below. Locally Weighted Regression has also been performed in lieu of the unsupervised learning model for comparison.
Browsing and Analyzing the Command-Level Structure of Large Collections of Image Manipulation Tutorials

Many people rely on Web-based tutorials to learn how to use complex software. Yet, it remains difficult for users to systematically explore the set of tutorials available online. We present Sifter, an interface for browsing, comparing and analyzing large collections of image manipulation tutorials based on their command-level structure. Sifter first applies supervised machine learning to identify the commands contained in a collection of 2500 Photoshop tutorials obtained from the Web. It then provides three different views of the tutorial collection based on the extracted command-level structure: (1) A Faceted Browser View allows users to organize, sort and filter the collection based on tutorial category, command names or on frequently used command subsequences, (2) a Tutorial View summarizes and indexes tutorials by the commands they contain, and (3) an Alignment View visualizes the commandlevel similarities and differences between a subset of tutorials. An informal evaluation (n=9) suggests that Sifter enables users to successfully perform a variety of browsing and analysis tasks that are difficult to complete with standard keyword search. We conclude with a meta-analysis of our Photoshop tutorial collection and present several implications for the design of image manipulation software. ACM Classification H5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Interfaces. Graphical user interfaces. Author
Katholische Verbände und moderne Gesellschaft: Organisationsgeschichte und Vereinskultur im Bistum Münster 1918 bis 1945 by Christoph Kösters (review)

Katholische Verbande und moderne Gesellschaft: Organisationsgeschichte und Vereinskulturim Bistum Munster 1918 bis 1945. By Christoph Kosters. [Veroffentlichungen der Kommission fur Zeitgeschichte, Reihe B: Forschungen, Band 68.] (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoningh. 1995. Pp. 684. 98 DM.) Christoph Kosters's work, a revised version of his University of Munster dissertation, is a study of the intersection of the Church, society, and politics between 1918 and 1945,"the crisis years of classical modernism" (p. 18). Based on intensive research into primary sources, the book focuses on Catholic, male youth groups in the Diocese of Munster, the "Catholic bulwark of Northern Germany" (p. 23).The author's ambitious intellectual program includes a discussion of Catholic responses to the social and political crises of the first half of the twentieth century, and also a new evaluation of Catholic resistance to the Nazi regime in the light of his research into the social history of religion. Kosters begins with an account of the construction of a network of Catholic associations in the decades before World War I. Such groups, he notes, were part of a Catholic subculture, separate from the rest of German society, but internally divided by social class. Generally led by the clergy, the associations were nonetheless separate from parish life and diocesan structures. After the war, a growing number of Catholics felt that the old network of associations was no longer appropriate to new social and political circumstances. They sought to break out of their confessional ghetto and create new kinds of organizations, with distinct similarities to contemporary non-Catholic youth groups, that would tear down the barriers between social classes. Adherents of this course were often supporters of the eucharistic and liturgical movements, that sought a renewal of religious life by encouraging a greater and more intensive participation of laypeople in church services (the author details the scandalous occurrences of priests saying Mass while facing the congregation), a current of religious renewal ultimately culminating in the Second Vatican Council. Although the author does not particularly emphasize this point, his own evidence shows that such initiatives were the work of a distinct minority and met with relatively little success.The new Catholic youth groups formed during the Weimar Republic had a much smaller membership than the older Kolping (journeymen's) associations or the Marian Sodalities, and this apparently continued to be the case well into the Nazi era. For all their claims to overcoming class barriers, the new organizations tended to be as segregated by class as the older ones were. The bulk of the diocesan clergy showed no great enthusiasm for new liturgical practices. These caveats are important, because Kosters argues against the notion, advanced by other social historians, that the Catholic confrontation with Nazism was a clash between a traditionalist religion and a modernizing totalitarian regime. …
Surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease based on penile length and degree of curvature

The aim of the study was to present the selection criteria for surgical techniques for the treatment of patients with Peyronie's disease. A total of 55 men with Peyronie's disease were surgically treated. We created specific criteria for selection of the appropriate surgical technique. All patients had a stable disease for 6 months and impossible vaginal intromission. All patients had subjective (as reported by the patient) and/or objective normal penile rigidity (as observed after intracavernous administration of alprostadil). Also, they all underwent drug therapy, which was unsuccessful. Among them, 40 patients with penile curvature of <60° and erect penile length of >13 cm underwent Nesbit's operation, whereas plaque excision and grafting with polytetrafluoroethylene patch was performed in 15 patients with penile curvature of ≥60° and/or erect penile length of ≤13 cm. At a mean (±s.d.) follow-up of 81.1±33.8 and 78.7±32.8 months, respectively, straightening of the penis was achieved in 35 out of 40 (87.5%) and 12 out of 15 (80%) patients, respectively, whereas erectile dysfunction developed in two out of 40 (5%) and one out of 15 (6%), respectively. Shortening of the penis occurred in all 40 patients undergoing Nesbit's operation, and in none of the patients undergoing plaque excision. Six out of 40 (15%) patients undergoing Nesbit's operation reported subjective perception of penis shortening, whereas none of the patients undergoing plaque excision complained of this discomfort. In conclusion, we recommend the selection of surgical technique based on penile length and degree of curvature. Nesbit's operation is an appropriate surgical technique for the treatment of patients with erect penile length of >13 and deviation of <60°, whereas the plaque excision and grafting with polytetraflouroethylene patch is a technique of choice in the treatment of patients with erect penile length of ≤13 and/or deviation of ≥60°.
Recurrent carotid stenosis : results of the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We sought to determine the incidence of recurrent carotid stenosis in patients in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) who had undergone carotid endarterectomy and were prospectively followed with Doppler ultrasound for up to 5 years.


METHODS
The ACAS database was interrogated to determine the rate of recurrent carotid stenosis (>/=60%) based up angiogram-validated Doppler data, with a 90% and a 95% positive predictive value, as well as information concerning the technologists' interpretation of percent stenosis. These 3 parameters are reported for each of 3 time intervals: within 3 months of operation (residual disease), between 3 and 18 months (early restenoses), and between 18 and 60 months (late restenosis).


RESULTS
Of the 825 patients randomized to the surgical arm of the study, 720 actually underwent carotid endarterectomy, and 645 had complete ultrasound data. The aggregate incidence of residual and recurrent carotid stenosis for all time intervals ranged from 12.7% to 20.4%, depending on the positive predictive value confidence level desired. Residual disease occurred in 4.1% to 6.5%; true, early restenosis was found in 7.6% to 11.4%; and late restenosis occurred in 1.9% to 4.9%. None of the traditional risk factors showed a statistically significant effect on recurrent stenosis. The use of patch angioplasty closure reduced overall risk of restenosis from 21.2% to 7.1%, from 16.7% to 4.6%, and from 27.4% to 8.2%, depending on the PPV confidence level desired (P<0.001). Of the 136 patients judged to have recurrent stenosis, only 8 (5.9%) underwent reoperation (only 1 for symptoms). There was no correlation between late stroke and recurrent stenosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Carotid endarterectomy is a durable procedure with a low rate of true restenosis, particularly when patch angioplasty is used to close the arteriotomy.
OCR For Printed Urdu Script Using Feed Forward Neural Network

This paper deals with an Optical Character Recognition system for printed Urdu, a popular Pakistani/Indian script and is the third largest understandable language in the world, especially in the subcontinent but fewer efforts are made to make it understandable to computers. Lot of work has been done in the field of literature and Islamic studies in Urdu, which has to be computerized. In the proposed system individual characters are recognized using our own proposed method/ algorithms. The feature detection methods are simple and robust. Supervised learning is used to train the feed forward neural network. A prototype of the system has been tested on printed Urdu characters and currently achieves 98.3% character level accuracy on average .Although the system is script/ language independent but we have designed it for Urdu characters only. Keywords—Algorithm, Feed Forward Neural Networks, Supervised learning, Pattern Matching.
Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases

Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. It has been determined that mercury is not only harmful to the health of vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children, but is also toxic to ordinary adults in various ways. For many years, mercury was used in a wide variety of human activities. Nowadays, the exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure, even to low concentration levels of mercury, can cause cardiovascular, reproductive, and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Possible biological effects of mercury, including the relationship between mercury toxicity and diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction, are being studied. As heart rhythm and function are under autonomic nervous system control, it has been hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of mercury might also impact cardiac autonomic function. Mercury exposure could have a long-lasting effect on cardiac parasympathetic activity and some evidence has shown that mercury exposure might affect heart rate variability, particularly early exposures in children. The mechanism by which mercury produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system is not fully elucidated, but this mechanism is believed to involve an increase in oxidative stress. The exposure to mercury increases the production of free radicals, potentially because of the role of mercury in the Fenton reaction and a reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. In this review we report an overview on the toxicity of mercury and focus our attention on the toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Play As You Learn: Gamification as a Technique for Motivating Learners

Motivation can sometimes be a problem for learners, especially when they do not find the purpose of a learning activity to be clear. Gamification is a recent concept, primarily from the web development industry, that can make learning activities more active and participatory. This paper provides an overview of the background of gamification, the relevant key game concepts, gives an overview of examples from outside education and provides some suggestions for implementing gamification in education generally, and e-learning specifically. This paper is intended to give readers an overview of gamification, allowing an informed analysis of the technique in their own context to be made.
Automated intelligent system for sound signalling device quality assurance

This paper presents a novel approach to the detection and recognition of faulty audio signalling devices as part of an automated industrial manufacturing quality assurance process. The proposed system outperforms other well-established automated systems based on mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). It uses both unlabelled sound data and labelled historical data acquired from human experts in detecting faulty signalling devices. The unlabelled data is used to train a deep neural network generative model to create multiple levels of hierarchical feature extractors which are used to train an MLP classifier, with the intent to model the human reasoning and judging processes in respect to sound classification. This paper presents the results of real world experiments based on data pertaining to the audio signalling quality assurance process for car instrument cluster manufacturing. These results show that the proposed system is able to successfully classify speakers into two groups: ‘‘Good’’ and ‘‘No good’’ depending on the part quality. The proposed system proves to be capable enough to eliminate the need for a manual inspection within the manufacturing process and is shown to be able to diagnose a fault with a high degree of accuracy. This work can be extended to other areas of automotive inspection where there is a need for a robust solution to sound detection and where an output signal is represented by a complex and changing frequency spectrum even with significant environmental noise. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of continuous exposure to exogenous ethylene during cold storage on postharvest decay development and quality attributes of stone fruits and table grapes

The influence of continuous exposure to exogenous ethylene on fruit quality and on the development of postharvest brown rot of stone fruits and gray mold of table grapes during long-term cold storage was investigated using selected cultivars of table grapes (nonclimacteric) and climacteric (peach, plum, nectarine, and apricot) and nonclimacteric (sweet cherry) stone fruits. Depending on the experiment, climacteric stone fruits were exposed to concentrations of ethylene of 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, or 100 ml l 1 during storage at 0, 5, or 10 8C for up to 28 days; sweet cherries were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 ml l 1 ethylene during storage at 0 or 5 8C for 21 days; and table grapes were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 ml l 1 ethylene during storage at 0 or 5 8C for up to 60 days. Neither incidence nor severity of brown rot were affected by constant ethylene exposure on stone fruits wound-inoculated with Monilinia fructicola . Similarly, ethylene did not affect gray mold nesting ability on table grapes artificially inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . Furthermore, ethylene exposure neither influenced external quality attributes (skin color on peaches and cherries, skin pitting and stem browning on cherries, and rachis browning on table grapes) nor internal quality attributes (flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, and titratable acidity on all fruit, and flesh color and internal breakdown on climacteric stone fruits). The only exceptions were flesh softening of apricots, which in every test was significantly enhanced by exogenous ethylene, and flesh mealiness in experiments with ‘Elegant Lady’ peaches, the appearance of which was delayed by ethylene exposure in one case. In conclusion, no general commercial benefit could be expected from actively removing ethylene from cold storage rooms or transport containers containing peaches, plums, nectarines, sweet cherries, or table grapes. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) APETALA2/ERF gene, SlAP2a, is a negative regulator of fruit ripening.

The transition of fleshy fruit maturation to ripening is regulated by exogenous and endogenous signals that coordinate the transition of the fruit to a final state of attractiveness to seed dispersing organisms. Tomato is a model for biology and genetics regulating specific ripening pathways including ethylene, carotenoids and cell wall metabolism in addition to upstream signaling and transcriptional regulators. Ripening-associated transcription factors described to date including the RIN-MADS, CLEAR NON-RIPENING, TAGL1 and LeHB-1 genes all encode positive regulators of ripening phenomena. Here we describe an APETALA2 transcription factor (SlAP2a) identified through transcriptional profiling of fruit maturation that is induced during, and which negatively regulates, tomato fruit ripening. RNAi repression of SlAP2a results in fruits that over-produce ethylene, ripen early and modify carotenoid accumulation profiles by altering carotenoid pathway flux. These results suggest that SlAP2a functions during normal tomato fruit ripening as a modulator of ripening activity and acts to balance the activities of positive ripening regulators.
Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue or bone sarcoma.

BACKGROUND
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in many sarcoma subtypes. In vitro studies suggest a role of the EGFR pathway in growth and differentiation in some sarcomas. We conducted a phase II trial of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody to EGFR, in patients with advanced sarcomas.


METHODS
Cetuximab was administered intravenously as a loading dose on 400 mg/m on day 1, cycle 1 and subsequently 250 mg/m on days 1, 8, 15, and 21 of a 28 day cycle. Using a Simon 2-stage design, 21 EGFR patients were to be accrued in the first stage, with an additional 11 patients if >3 patients met the primary endpoint of 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). An exploratory subgroup of EGFR patients was also included.


RESULTS
Twenty-one and 15 evaluable patients enrolled in the EGFR and EGFR subgroup, respectively. One of 21 EGFR patients (4.8%) achieved 4-month PFS. Median PFS and overall survival were 1.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-1.8] and 7.7 months (95% CI, 4.2-10.7), respectively. Three of 15 EGFR patients (20%) achieved 4-month PFS. Median PFS and overall survival were 1.8 months (95% CI, 0.8-2.5) and 15.7 months (95% CI, 7.7-25.3), respectively. No responses were seen in either group. There was no correlation between clinical outcomes and expression of MAP-K, PTEN, and phospho-EGFR.


CONCLUSIONS
Cetuximab is not an active as a single agent in advanced sarcoma. Further study of anti-EGFR therapy in sarcoma should only be considered after identification of molecular abnormalities predictive of benefit.
Global trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality 1973-1997.

BACKGROUND
Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death among women.


METHODS
To describe global trends, we compared age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates over three decades (from 1973-77 to 1993-97) and across several continents.


RESULTS
Both breast cancer incidence and mortality rates varied 4-fold by geographic location between countries with the highest and lowest rates. Recent (1993-1997) incidence rates ranged from 27/100,000 in Asian countries to 97/100,000 among US white women. Overall, North American and northern European countries had the highest incidence rates of breast cancer; intermediate levels were reported in Western Europe, Oceania, Scandinavia, and Israel; and Eastern Europe, South and Latin America, and Asia had the lowest levels. Breast cancer incidence rose 30-40% from the 1970s to the 1990s in most countries, with the most marked increases among women aged > or =50 years. Mortality from breast cancer paralleled incidence: it was highest in the countries with the highest incidence rates (between 17/100,000 and 27/100,000), lowest in Latin America and Asia (7-14/100,000), and rose most rapidly in countries with the lowest rates.


CONCLUSIONS
Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates remain highest in developed countries compared with developing countries, as a result of differential use of screening mammograms and disparities in lifestyle and hereditary factors. Future studies assessing the combined contributions of both environmental and hereditary factors may provide explanations for worldwide differences in incidence and mortality rates.
Parental psychopathology and socioeconomic position predict adolescent offspring's mental health independently and do not interact: the TRAILS study.

BACKGROUND
Familial risk factors have been implicated in the development of mental health problems in adolescents. Whether the associations between parental loading, as assessed by lifetime psychopathology, and offspring internalising and externalising problems were moderated by family socioeconomic position (SEP) was investigated. Two hypotheses of moderation were tested: (1) the "social push" hypothesis in which parental loading effects are stronger in contexts with low environmental risks and (2) the "vulnerability" hypothesis in which parental loading effects are stronger in high-risk environments.


METHOD
In a population-based sample of 2149, familial loading and family SEP were assessed at baseline by parent reports. Offspring psychopathology was assessed by reports from multiple informants (parent, self and teachers). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the independent associations of parental loading and family SEP on offspring psychopathology and their potential interaction.


RESULTS
Both family SEP and familial loading had significant independent main effects on offspring internalising and externalising problems. However, the interaction terms were not significant and did not add any explanatory power to the model.


CONCLUSIONS
Lower levels of family SEP appear not to confer additional risks for mental health problems in offspring of parents with high loading on psychopathology. During early adolescence, parental psychopathology and low family SEP seem independent risk factors for offspring mental health problems. Results do not support either the social push or vulnerability hypothesis as no evidence of interactions between parental loading and family SEP were found.