LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cosmic rays and tests of fundamental principles

It is now widely acknowledged that cosmic rays experiments can test possible new physics directly generated at the Planck scale or at some other fundamental scale. By studying particle properties at energies far beyond the reach of any man-made accelerator, they can yield unique checks of basic principles. A well-known example is provided by possible tests of special relativity at the highest cosmic-ray energies. But other essential ingredients of standard theories can in principle be tested: quantum mechanics, uncertainty principle, energy and momentum conservation, effective space-time dimensions, hamiltonian and lagrangian formalisms, postulates of cosmology, vacuum dynamics and particle propagation, quark and gluon confinement, elementariness of particles... Standard particle physics or string-like patterns may have a composite origin able to manifest itself through specific cosmic-ray signatures. Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, but also cosmic rays at lower energies, are probes of both ”conventional” and new Physics. Status, prospects, new ideas, and open questions in the field are discussed. The Post Scriptum shows that several basic features of modern cosmology naturally appear in a SU(2) spinorial description of space-time without any need for matter, relativity or standard gravitation. New possible effects related to the spinorial space-time structure can also be foreseen. Similarly, the existence of spin-1/2 particles can be naturally related to physics beyond Planck scale and to a possible pre-Big Bang era.
Effect of superficial collagen patterns and fibrillation of femoral articular cartilage on knee joint mechanics-a 3D finite element analysis.

Collagen fibrils of articular cartilage have specific depth-dependent orientations and the fibrils bend in the cartilage surface to exhibit split-lines. Fibrillation of superficial collagen takes place in osteoarthritis. We aimed to investigate the effect of superficial collagen fibril patterns and collagen fibrillation of cartilage on stresses and strains within a knee joint. A 3D finite element model of a knee joint with cartilage and menisci was constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging. The fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material properties with depth-dependent collagen orientations and split-line patterns were included in the model. The effects of joint loading on stresses and strains in cartilage with various split-line patterns and medial collagen fibrillation were simulated under axial impact loading of 1000 N. In the model, the collagen fibrils resisted strains along the split-line directions. This increased also stresses along the split-lines. On the contrary, contact and pore pressures were not affected by split-line patterns. Simulated medial osteoarthritis increased tissue strains in both medial and lateral femoral condyles, and contact and pore pressures in the lateral femoral condyle. This study highlights the importance of the collagen fibril organization, especially that indicated by split-line patterns, for the weight-bearing properties of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritic changes of cartilage in the medial femoral condyle created a possible failure point in the lateral femoral condyle. This study provides further evidence on the importance of the collagen fibril organization for the optimal function of articular cartilage.
Dominated Colorings of Graphs

In this paper, we introduce and study a new coloring problem of a graph called the dominated coloring. A dominated coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G such that each color class is dominated by at least one vertex of G. The minimum number of colors among all dominated colorings is called the dominated chromatic number, denoted by χdom(G). In this paper, we establish the close relationship between the dominated chromatic number χdom(G) and the total domination number γt(G); and the equivalence for triangle-free graphs. We study the complexity of the problem by proving its NP-completeness for arbitrary graphs having χdom(G) ≥ 4 and by giving a polynomial time algorithm for recognizing graphs having χdom(G) ≤ 3. We also give some bounds for planar and star-free graphs and exact values for split graphs.
Skin Aging and Photoaging Alter Fatty Acids Composition, Including 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic Acid, in the Epidermis of Human Skin

We investigated the alterations of major fatty acid components in epidermis by natural aging and photoaging processes, and by acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in human skin. Interestingly, we found that 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), which is one of the omega-3 polyunsaturated acids, was significantly increased in photoaged human epidermis in vivo and also in the acutely UV-irradiated human skin in vivo, while it was significantly decreased in intrinsically aged human epidermis. The increased ETA content in the epidermis of photoaged human skin and acute UV-irradiated human skin is associated with enhanced expression of human elongase 1 and calcium-independent phosphodiesterase A(2). We demonstrated that ETA inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression after UV-irradiation, and that inhibition of ETA synthesis using EPTC and NA-TCA, which are elongase inhibitors, increased MMP-1 expression. Therefore, our results suggest that the UV increases the ETA levels, which may have a photoprotective effect in the human skin.
AN ANALYSIS FOR CREDIT RATING AND MOMENTUM STRATEGY

In recent years, investors are increasingly concerned about whether the credit risk will affect the return on investment. This paper discusses the credit rating and momentum investment strategy relationship. The research period is from January 2005 to December 2010, and the sample is the ordinary shares of companies listed on Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE). By calculating the cumulative returns of the investment portfolio of the holding period, and grouping the research samples by credit rating, this paper tests the relationship between credit rating and momentum investment strategy in Taiwan’s stock market. Second, in the exploration of the factors affecting credit rating and stock returns, this paper uses variables including firm size, financial leverage, turnover rate, company age and industry to analyze the impact of factors including information asymmetry and industry on the investment strategy. Moreover, this paper probes into the impact of January Effect and business cycle on credit rating. The empirical results reveal that Taiwan’s stock market does not have the momentum effect, although there is reverse investment strategy. In other words, the returns of stocks of investment portfolio of better credit rating are higher than those of poorer credit rating; and the results are reverse if the reverse investment strategy is applied. The empirical results are not affected by adding variables such as firm size, financial leverage, turnover rate, company age and industry. Hence, momentum investment strategy of Taiwan’s stock market is not affected by credit rating. © 2015 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved.
Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics of nanotwinned copper

Recent studies have shown that nanotwinned copper (NT Cu) exhibits a combination of high strength and moderate ductility. However, most engineering and structural applications would also require materials to have superior fracture toughness and prolonged subcritical fatigue crack growth life. The current study investigates the effect of twin density on the crack initiation toughness and stable fatigue crack propagation characteristics of NT Cu. Specifically, we examine the effects of tailored density of nanotwins, incorporated into a fixed grain size of ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper with an average grain size of 450 nm, on the onset and progression of subcritical fracture under quasi-static and cyclic loading at room temperature. We show here that processing-induced, initially coherent nanoscale twins in UFG copper lead to a noticeable improvement in damage tolerance under conditions of plane stress. This work strongly suggests that an increase in twin density, at a fixed grain size, is beneficial not only for desirable combinations of strength and ductility but also for enhancing damage tolerance characteristics such as fracture toughness, threshold stress intensity factor range for fatigue fracture and subcritical fatigue crack growth life. Possible mechanistic origins of these trends are discussed, along with issues and challenges in the study of damage tolerance in NT Cu. 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Facebook in context(s): Measuring emotional responses across time and space

This article advances a contextual approach to understanding the emotional and social outcomes of Facebook use. In doing so, we address the ambiguity of previously reported relationships between Facebook use and well-being. We test temporal (shorter vs longer time spans) and spatial (at home vs away from home) dimensions of Facebook activity using an innovative approach. By triggering smartphone surveys in response to users’ naturalistic Facebook posting, we captured the immediate context of both mobile and desktop activities during daily life. Findings indicated positive—yet fleeting—emotional experiences up to 10 minutes after active posting and higher arousal for 30 minutes following posting at home. Nonetheless, Facebook activities predicted no changes in aggregate mood over 2 weeks, despite showing positive relationships to bridging social capital during the same period. Our results call attention to fleeting experiences (vs Corresponding author: Joseph Bayer, School of Communication, The Ohio State University, 154 N. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH MI 43210, USA. Email: Bayer.66@osu.edu 681522 NMS0010.1177/1461444816681522new media & societyBayer et al. research-article2017
Patients' perceptions of information and support received from the nurse specialist during HCV treatment.

AIM
To identify patients' perceptions of support received from the nurse specialist during Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.


BACKGROUND
HCV is a worldwide health problem. However, it is a treatable disease and treatment success rates are high. Unfortunately, treatment comes with a multitude of adverse side effects and patients require informational and psychological support from specialist nurses while on treatment. To date, there is little nursing research on support received from this specialist nursing care.


DESIGN
This study used a quantitative descriptive design.


METHOD
A 59-item questionnaire collected data from 106 patients with a diagnosis of HCV attending a HCV outpatient clinic.


RESULTS
Overall, patients were very satisfied with support received. Advice on contraception was well received. However, many patients did not feel supported with regard to advice on sleep management. There were no statistically significant differences between overall satisfaction and gender, age, genotype and risk factor. However, there were significant correlations found between support received and reported genotype. Those patients presenting with genotype 1, who are mostly infected through blood or blood products, indicated that they require more support in relation to information on side effects of treatment, quality of life and support groups. Specific approaches to support and advice for this cohort may need to be incorporated into current services.


CONCLUSION
Results of this study reinforce the need for the ongoing use of specialist nurse services and development of this service where no such facilities exist. In addition, the service may need to further recognise and support the information and psychological needs of patients with differing modes of HCV infection.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Findings provide information to practising nurse specialists about patient's views of information and support received from nurse specialists in HCV treatment centres and identify where deficits exist.
E-mail Header Injection Vulnerabilities

E-mail Header Injection vulnerability is a class of vulnerability that can occur in web applications that use user input to construct e-mail messages. E-mail Header Injection is possible when the mailing script fails to check for the presence of e-mail headers in user input (either form fields or URL parameters). The vulnerability exists in the reference implementation of the built-in mail functionality in popular languages such as PHP, Java, Python, and Ruby. With the proper injection string, this vulnerability can be exploited to inject additional headers, modify existing headers, and alter the content of the e-mail. ACM CCS: Security and privacy → Software and application security → Web application security
PEDOT:PSS Films with Metallic Conductivity through a Treatment with Common Organic Solutions of Organic Salts and Their Application as a Transparent Electrode of Polymer Solar Cells.

UNLABELLED
A transparent electrode is an indispensable component of optoelectronic devices, and there as been a search for substitutes of indium tin oxide (ITO) as the transparent electrode. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (


PEDOT
PSS) is a conducting polymer that is very promising as the next generation of materials for the transparent electrode if it can obtain conductivity as high as that of ITO. Here, we report the treatment of


PEDOT
PSS with organic solutions to significantly enhance its conductivity. Common organic solvents like dimethylformamide and γ-butyrolactone and common organic salts like methylammonium iodide and methylammonium bromide are used for the organic solutions. The conductivity of pristine


PEDOT
PSS films is only ∼0.2 S/cm, and it can be increased to higher than 2100 S/cm. The conductivity enhancement is much more significant than control treatments of


PEDOT
PSS films with neat organic solvents or aqueous solutions of the organic salts. The mechanism for the conductivity enhancement is the synergetic effects of both the organic salts and organic solvents on the microstructure and composition of


PEDOT
PSS. They induce the segregation of some PSSH chains from


PEDOT
PSS. Highly conductive


PEDOT
PSS films were studied as the transparent electrode of polymer solar cells. The photovoltaic efficiency is comparable to that with an ITO transparent electrode.
Lymphomatoid papulosis and associated lymphomas: a retrospective case series of 84 patients.

AIMS
To determine incidence and risk factors for developing lymphoma in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and to identify putative triggers amenable to treatment.


METHODS
The prognostic effect of severity of LyP, viral infection by history or serology, beta-2-microglobulin level, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and CD4 : CD8 ratio were evaluated using logistic regression models. Responses to prophylactic or palliative treatment were assessed.


RESULTS
In total, 84 patients (38 men, 46 women, median age at diagnosis 48.5 years) were identified. Of these, 34 (40%) were also diagnosed with one or more lymphomas: 16 (19%) had mycosis fungoides, 15 (17%) had primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL), 2 had both MF and pcALCL, and 1 had MF with large cell transformation and 1 had peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Of the 61 people presenting with LyP alone, only 11 (18%) subsequently developed lymphoma, with a median onset of 17.6 years (95% CI: 4, not obtained). Men were 2.5 times more likely than women to develop lymphoma (P = 0.04). Exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was associated with an increase in incidence of 4.8 times (P = 0.16). Treatment for a putative infectious trigger resulted in improvement for 15 of 24 patients (63%).


CONCLUSION
Referral bias may explain the higher (40%) incidence of lymphoma in this population of LyP patients, compared with the 10-20% incidence commonly cited in the literature. In the subset of patients presenting with LyP alone, only 18% later developed lymphoma. Male patients or patients with prior EBV infection may have a higher risk for developing lymphoma, and some patients improved with treatment of putative infectious triggers.
Tropospheric response to stratospheric perturbations in a relatively simple general circulation model

[1] The sensitivity of the tropospheric extratropical circulation to thermal perturbations of the polar stratosphere is examined in a dry primitive equation general circulationmodel with zonally symmetric forcing and boundary conditions. For sufficiently strong cooling of the polar winter stratosphere, the winter-hemisphere tropospheric jet shifts polewards and strengthens markedly at the surface; this is accompanied by a drop in surface pressure at high latitudes in the same hemisphere. In addition, this extratropical tropospheric response is found to be very similar to the model’s leading pattern of internal variability. These results are tested for robustness at several horizontal and vertical resolutions, and the same tropospheric response is observed at all but the lowest resolution tested. The behavior of this relatively simple model is broadly consistent with recent observational and modeling studies of trends in extratropical atmospheric variability.
Scalable Big Data Architecture

Scalable Big Data Architecture covers real-world, concrete industry use cases that leverage complex distributed applications, which involve web applications, RESTful API, and high throughput of large amount of data stored in highly scalable NoSQL data stores such as Couchbase and Elasticsearch. This book demonstrates how data processing can be done at scale from the usage of NoSQL datastores to the combination of big data distribution.
- 13086 MICROSURGICAL DEVICES BY POP-UP BOOK MEMS

The small scale of microsurgery poses significant challenges for developing robust and dexterous tool s t grip, cut, and join sub-millimeter structures such as ves sels and nerves. The main limitation is that traditional man ufacturing techniques are not optimized to create smart, artic ulating structures in the 0.1 – 10 mm scale. Pop-up book ME MS is a new fabrication technology that promises to overcom e this challenge and enable the monolithic fabrication of c mplex, articulated structures with an extensive catalog of materials, embedded electrical components, and automated assem bly with feature sizes down to 20 microns. In this paper, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept microsurgical gripper and evalua te its performance at the component and device level to ch aracterize its strength and robustness. 1-DOF Flexible hinge j oints that constrain motion and allow for out-of-plane actuati on were found to resist torsional loads of 22.8±2.15 N ·mm per mm of hinge width. Adhesive lap joints that join individu al layers in the laminate structure demonstrated a shear strengt h of 26.8±0.53 N/mm. The laminate structures were also shown to resist peel loads of 0.72±0.10 N/mm . Various flexible hinge and adhesive lap components were then designed into an 11layered structure which ‘pops up’ to realize an art iculating microsurgical gripper that includes a cable-driven mechanism for gripping actuation and a flexural return spring to passively open the gripper. The gripper prototype, with final weight of 200 mg, overall footprint of 18 mm by 7.5 mm, and features as small as 200 microns, is able to deftly manipulate objects 100 times is own weight at the required scale, thus dem onstrating its potential for use in microsurgery. INTRODUCTION Small joint surgery, such as that in the wrist or f ingers, presents a number of significant challenges due to the limited maneuverable workspace and the presence of many del icate structures that must be avoided, including sensitiv e cartilage surfaces and tendons [1]. Current commercial smalljoint surgical instruments are limited to straight, simpl e tools without any distal articulation which would allow for great r access and dexterity inside the joint [2]. In addition, the ro bust electromechanical surgical tools at the sub-mm scal e required for these procedures are either impossible or comme rcially impractical to make with existing manufacturing tec hniques such as surface/bulk micromachining [3], wire-EDM [ 4], microinjection molding, or micromilling/lathing [5]. It is our goal to apply an emerging micromachining and assembly techn ique that we have developed to enable robust, dexterous, and practical microsurgical instruments for small joint repair. We have developed a novel micro-manufacturing techn ique known as Pop-Up Book MEMS (‘Pop-Ups’) that allows f or the fabrication of complex, multi-functional electromec hanical devices on the 0.1-10 mm scale [6] [7]. Pop-Up tec hnology enables the ability to create 3-D, multi-material, monolithic meso and micro-structures using purely 2-D planar
Noise cancellation of memristive neural networks

This paper investigates noise cancellation problem of memristive neural networks. Based on the reproducible gradual resistance tuning in bipolar mode, a first-order voltage-controlled memristive model is employed with asymmetric voltage thresholds. Since memristive devices are especially tiny to be densely packed in crossbar-like structures and possess long time memory needed by neuromorphic synapses, this paper shows how to approximate the behavior of synapses in neural networks using this memristive device. Also certain templates of memristive neural networks are established to implement the noise cancellation.
The Interdisciplinary Curriculum for Oncology Palliative Care Education (iCOPE): meeting the challenge of interprofessional education.

UNLABELLED
Background: Interprofessional education is necessary to prepare students of the health professions for successful practice in today's health care environment. Because of its expertise in interdisciplinary practice and team-based care, palliative care should be leading the way in creating educational opportunities for students to learn the skills for team practice and provision of quality patient-centered care. Multiple barriers exist that can discourage those desiring to create and implement truly interdisciplinary curriculum.


DESIGN
An interdisciplinary faculty team planned and piloted a mandatory interdisciplinary palliative oncology curriculum and responded to formative feedback.


SETTING/SUBJECTS
The project took place at a large public metropolitan university. Medical, nursing, and social work students and chaplains completing a clinical pastoral education internship participated in the curriculum.


MEASUREMENTS
Formative feedback was received via the consultation of an interdisciplinary group of palliative education experts, focus groups from students, and student evaluations of each learning modality.


RESULTS
Multiple barriers were experienced and successfully addressed by the faculty team. Curricular components were redesigned based on formative feedback. Openness to this feedback coupled with flexibility and compromise enabled the faculty team to create an efficient, sustainable, and feasible interdisciplinary palliative oncology curriculum.


CONCLUSION
Interdisciplinary palliative education can be successful if faculty teams are willing to confront challenges, accept feedback on multiple levels, and compromise while maintaining focus on desired learner outcomes.