LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Binding in Mobile Applications: A Middleware Approach

Service development and deployment face new challenges from the wide availability of Internet points of attachment, increasing deployment of wireless networks, and growing portabledevice market. To provision traditional Internet services to mobile clients, service providers must address the possibility of roaming during service sessions and the heterogeneity of access-terminal hardware and software. In addition, mobile computing encourages the development of location-dependent services. Traditional middleware solutions are not designed to handle mobile users, their frequent temporary disconnection, or the wide range of access devices they employ. Novel middleware components should extend the fixed Internet infrastructure at service provisioning time when necessary to accommodate user and device mobility.1 The middleware should also propagate to the service-level system information such as user location, preference profiles, and device characteristics. The mobility of users, terminals, and service components requires novel middleware solutions to handle the set of bindings to needed resources. We have developed a middleware approach for binding management in mobile applications that addresses several of these issues. The Contextand Location-based Middleware for Binding Adaptation (Colomba) automatically updates mobile client references to needed resources whenever a client moves and dynamically selects and enforces the most suitable binding strategy. Colomba operates according to dynamic environmental conditions and various metadata, ranging from administrator management requirements to user, terminal, resource profiles, and resource co-locality constraints — forcing two resources to reside close to each other and eventually move together, for instance. Our middleware lets service providers express binding strategies at a high level of abstraction in terms of declarative directives that are cleanly separated from the service code; changes in binding
Digital Reference Services in Academic Libraries

Reference and information services have always been the main component of library services. They provide personalized assistance to library users in accessing suitable information resources to meet their needs. This paper attempts to describe the paradigm of reference and information services in the digital library environment. This paper highlights the emerging formats and models of digital reference services, including email and web forms, AskA services, online chat reference, video conferencing, digital robots, and collaborative digital reference. The current practices of digital reference services in selected academic libraries in Malaysia are also highlighted.
Verb Classes Within and Across Languages

Verb classes are sets of semantically-related verbs sharing a range of linguistic properties, such as: — possible realizations of their arguments — interpretation associated with each possible argument realization A big question posed by the Valency Project: Which facets of verb classification are universal and which language particular? Overview: — Review my general perspective on verb classes. — Introduce a development in my work on verb classes. — Consider its implications for future crosslinguistic studies of verb classes.
Cosmological perturbations

We review the study of inhomogeneous perturbations about a homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology. We adopt a coordinate based approach, but give geometrical interpretations of metric perturbations in terms of the expansion, shear and curvature of constant-time hypersurfaces and the orthogonal timelike vector field. We give the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter variables at first and second order. We show how gauge invariant variables are constructed by identifying geometric or matter variables in physically-defined coordinate systems, and give the relations between many commonly used gauge-invariant variables. In particular we show how the Einstein equations or energy-momentum conservation can be used to obtain simple evolution equations at linear order, and discuss extensions to non-linear order. We present evolution equations for systems with multiple interacting fluids and scalar fields, identifying adiabatic and entropy perturbations. As an application we consider the origin of primordial curvature and isocurvature perturbations from field perturbations during inflation in the very early universe.
Design of Secure ARP on MACsec(802.1AE)

MACsec provides authenticity and integrity for data frame on data link layer by implementing data encryption. For these advantages, MACsec is highlighted as a solution to protect and transmit data safely from the various security threats in the Wired and Wireless LAN. Until now, MACsec can not guarantee stable ARP management for itself [1]. This paper will propose a design of enhanced ARP to protect IP and MAC address from external threats and the enhanced ARP will encrypt ARP Packet by SAK (Secure Association Key) for the authentication. It will help to keep the address system safe from various security threats on data link layer.
Lethal efficacy of extract fromZingiber officinale (traditional Chinese medicine) or [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol inAnisakis larvae in vitro

The authors previously reported that an extract fromZingiber officinale, traditionally eaten along with raw fish and used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively destroyedAnisakis larvae in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the effective components of ginger rhizomes. Methanol extracts were fractionated after first being treated with HCl at pH 3, then with NaHCO3 at pH 10, and, finally, with NaOH at pH 13 (fraction 1). In general, this fraction is rich in neutral substances. [6]-Shogaol and [6]-gingerol, known neutral components of ginger rhizomes, were detected using gas chromatography and were found to be the most prevalent components in the fraction, occurring in quantities that resulted in a dose-dependent killing efficacy. Authentic [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol could killAnisakis larvae at a minimal effective dose of 62.5 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. However, the concentration of [6]-gingerol in fraction 1 was >20 times that of [6]-shogaol, making the former the most active component in the fraction. Furthermore, synergistic effects between [6]-gingerol and a small amount of [6]-shogaol were observed. Pyrantel pamoate, an available antinematodal drug, had no lethal effect, even at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. In saline solution containing [6]-shogaol (62.5 μg/ml), >90% of larvae lost spontaneous movement within 4 h and were destroyed completely within 16 h. Microscopical examinations showed destruction of the digestive tract and disturbances of cuticulae.
Exercise promotes collateral artery growth mediated by monocytic nitric oxide.

OBJECTIVE
Collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) is an important adaptive response to hampered arterial perfusion. It is unknown whether preventive physical exercise before limb ischemia can improve arteriogenesis and modulate mononuclear cell function. This study aimed at investigating the effects of endurance exercise before arterial occlusion on MNC function and collateral artery growth.


APPROACH AND RESULTS
After 3 weeks of voluntary treadmill exercise, ligation of the right femoral artery was performed in mice. Hindlimb perfusion immediately after surgery did not differ from sedentary mice. However, previous exercise improved perfusion restoration ≤7 days after femoral artery ligation, also when exercise was stopped at ligation. This was accompanied by an accumulation of peri-collateral macrophages and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hindlimb collateral and in MNC of blood and spleen. Systemic monocyte and macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate but not splenectomy attenuated exercise-induced perfusion restoration, collateral artery growth, peri-collateral macrophage accumulation, and upregulation of iNOS. iNOS-deficient mice did not show exercise-induced perfusion restoration. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived MNC from iNOS-deficient mice into wild-type animals inhibited exercise-induced collateral artery growth. In contrast to sedentary controls, thrice weekly aerobic exercise training for 6 months in humans increased peripheral blood MNC iNOS expression.


CONCLUSIONS
Circulating mononuclear cell-derived inducible nitric oxide is an important mediator of exercise-induced collateral artery growth.
Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly in Asian patients with schizophrenia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study versus oral aripiprazole

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) by verifying non-inferiority of AOM to oral aripiprazole in Asian patients with schizophrenia.


METHOD
The study consisted of a screening phase and three phases: an oral conversion phase (≤12weeks), an oral stabilization phase (≤12weeks) and a 52-week double-blind phase. Patients meeting stabilization criteria for 4weeks during the oral stabilization phase were randomly assigned (1:1) to AOM (400mg) or oral aripiprazole (6-24mg/day). The primary endpoint was Kaplan-Meier estimated rate of non-exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/non-relapse at Week 26.


RESULTS
A total of 724 patients were screened, and 502 patients entered the oral stabilization phase. Of 455 patients randomized in the double-blind phase, 228 received AOM and 227 received oral aripiprazole. The non-exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/non-relapse rates at Week 26 were 95.0% (AOM) and 94.7% (oral aripiprazole) and the difference was 0.3% (95% CI: -3.9,4.5), thus non-inferiority of AOM compared to oral aripiprazole with respect to non-exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/non-relapse rate was shown with a margin of -3.9% which is well above the pre-defined non-inferiority limit (-15%). The proportions of patients meeting exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/relapse criteria and stabilization of psychotic symptoms/maintenance criteria were 6.6% and 92.5% in both groups. Discontinuation rates due to all reasons were 25.9% (AOM) and 33.5% (oral aripiprazole). AOM was well tolerated as well as oral aripiprazole.


CONCLUSIONS
Non-inferiority of AOM to oral aripiprazole was established. AOM is efficacious in maintenance treatment of stabilized schizophrenia, with comparable efficacy and tolerability to oral aripiprazole.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
JapicCTI-101175.
Quantitation of 6-, 8- and 10-Gingerols and 6-Shogaol in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

Zingiber officinale is one of the most commonly used spices. We developed a method to determine the main pungent ginger constituents, 6-, 8- and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in human plasma. Quantitation was achieved using a reversed-phase C(18) column using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The assay was linear from 0.1 to 5.0 μg/mL. The within-day coefficients of variation for the assay at 5.0 μg/mL were ≤ 5% for all analytes. The recovery of all four analytes was ≥99% for at 5.0 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 μg/mL except for 10-gingerol which was 0.25 μg/mL. Currently, there is no analytical method for detecting pungent ginger constituents in human plasma. This HPLC method allows for the detection of all four of ginger's pungent constituents simultaneously in a relatively short run time of 25 minutes. This method should be useful for determining plasma levels of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol in phase I clinical trials.
PENS syndrome: a new neurocutaneous phenotype.

BACKGROUND
The central nervous system originates ontogenetically from the ectoderm and therefore numerous neurocutaneous syndromes exist.


OBJECTIVE
We describe a novel neurocutaneous syndrome with characteristic epidermal papules and plaques associated with mild psychomotor retardation and epilepsy with a good prognosis.


METHODS
We investigated history, clinical features, laboratory parameters including karyotype, histopathological and immunohistological examination, electron microscopy, HPV infection, EEG and neurologic imaging in patients with an unusual symptom complex.


RESULTS
Six children are reported with characteristic keratotic papules and plaques of 'gem-like' appearance, randomly distributed on the trunk and the proximal part of the limbs. Four patients were unrelated and two were siblings. The cutaneous lesions appeared congenitally or developed soon after birth. The skin lesions were rounded or of an irregularly polycyclic shape, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter. A few to eighteen lesions were present. The lesional surface was rough and of white or yellowish color. Histopathological examination showed acanthokeratosis, but immunostaining for keratins and melanocytes, electron microscopy and laboratory results were within normal range. During the natural course of the disease the lesions were stable and asymptomatic. All but one of our six patients developed neurologic signs and symptoms during the first year of life, in the form of epilepsy and psychomotor delay. Five children had low intellectual performance together with EEG abnormalities and some had MRI changes of the brain. One patient had marked language impairment. The central nervous system involvement had a peculiar benign and self-limiting course and total normalization occurred in one case.


LIMITATIONS
We present only a small series of patients.


CONCLUSION
Cutaneous lesions showing identical clinical and microscopical features, but without any extracutaneous abnormalities, have recently been described by Torrelo et al. [J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;64:888-892] under the designation 'papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS)'. An association of such nevi with neurologic abnormalities had so far only been published in the 'Atlas of Genodermatoses' edited by Caputo and Tadini. We believe that this unique and otherwise undescribed symptom complex is a new neurocutaneous phenotype that may be called PENS syndrome. Whether this new syndrome can be categorized as a distinct phenotype within the group of epidermal nevus syndromes remains speculative and has to be clarified by further investigations.
Crustal magnetization beneath the aulneau and sabaskong batholiths, kenora and fort frances districts, Ontario, Canada☆

Abstract Gravity survey and aeromagnetic data over the Aulneau and Sabaskong batholiths, in the Kenora-Fort Frances districts of northwestern Ontario, have been modelled using crustal seismic surveys in the area as constraints. A crustal section was constructed from these results extending from the surface to the uppermost portion of the lower crustal layer. The batholiths are found to be relatively thin (average thickness 7 and 5 km, respectively). A prominent magnetic anomaly is centred in the contact zone between the batholiths, and overlaps both of them. Its source is interpreted as an intrusion in the lower part of the upper crustal layer. Surface measurements of magnetization and anomaly interpretation show that most of the magnetization of the Sabaskong body is concentrated in a linear central zone which extends through the body. An improved method of combining measurements of magnetization of rock samples with magnetic anomaly interpretation allows a more reliable calculation of the percent magnetite equivalent for buried rock units.
Approximate dynamic programming with a fuzzy parameterization

Dynamic programming (DP) is a powerful paradigm for general, nonlinear optimal control. Computing exact DP solutions is in general only possible when the process states and the control actions take values in a small discrete set. In practice, it is necessary to approximate the solutions. Therefore, we propose an algorithm for approximate DP that relies on a fuzzy partition of the state space, and on a discretization of the action space. This fuzzy Q-iteration algorithmworks for deterministic processes, under the discounted return criterion. We prove that fuzzy Q -iteration asymptotically converges to a solution that lies within a bound of the optimal solution. A bound on the suboptimality of the solution obtained in a finite number of iterations is also derived. Under continuity assumptions on the dynamics and on the reward function, we show that fuzzyQ -iteration is consistent, i.e., that it asymptotically obtains the optimal solution as the approximation accuracy increases. These properties hold both when the parameters of the approximator are updated in a synchronous fashion, and when they are updated asynchronously. The asynchronous algorithm is proven to converge at least as fast as the synchronous one. The performance of fuzzy Q iteration is illustrated in a two-link manipulator control problem. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Drug Management in Skin Surgery

Lidocaine (lignocaine) 1% with epinephrine (adrenaline) 1: 200 000 (maximum dose 40ml) is the agent of choice in skin surgery. It can be used at all sites except the fingers, toes and penis, where epinephrine should be avoided. Epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction delays local anaesthetic clearance, thus prolonging its effect and, by reducing peak blood lidocaine concentrations, enables a higher maximum dose to be used. Adding epinephrine, however, introduces the possibility of a drug interaction with tricyclic antidepressants and nonselective /gb-blockers. Also, injection pain is greater because of the acidic sodium metabisulphite that has to be added to prevent epinephrine oxidation. Injection pain can be reduced by buffering the solution using sodium bicarbonate. There are no drug interactions that prevent the use of plain lidocaine: injection pain is least with 0.5% solutions. Injection of large volumes of very dilute lidocaine solutions (tumescent anaesthesia) enables higher maximum doses of lidocaine to be tolerated and large areas to be anaesthetised by infiltration. Amethocaine gel is a faster acting and more effective topical anaesthetic compared with eutectic lidocaine-prilocaine cream, but is a topical sensitiser. In high risk patients, prophylactic antibiotics should be given to prevent bacterial endocarditis when operating on infected lesions and on potentially colonised crusted lesions in high-risk patients (i.e. those with prosthetic heart valves). Wound infections following surgery on infected skin lesions can be prevented by the prophylactic use of mupirocin ointment. Aspirin-induced inhibition of platelet adhesion results in bleeding complications in approximately 15% of skin surgery patients receiving aspirin. Patients whose bleeding time is >8 minutes are particularly at risk, and aspirin should be stopped at least 7 days prior to surgery in these patients. Aspirin can be continued in other patients without serious bleeding complications.
Text Simplification as Tree Transduction

Lexical and syntactic simplification aim to make texts more accessible to certain audiences. Syntactic simplification uses either hand-crafted linguistic rules for deep syntactic transformations, or machine learning techniques to model simpler transformations. Lexical simplification performs a lookup for synonyms followed by context and/or frequency-based models. In this paper we investigate modelling both syntactic and lexical simplification through the learning of general tree transduction rules. Experiments with the Simple English Wikipedia corpus show promising results but highlight the need for clever filtering strategies to remove noisy transformations. Resumo. A simplificação em nı́vel lexical e sintático objetiva tornar textos mais acessı́veis a certos públicos-alvo. Simplificação em nı́vel sintático usa regras confeccionadas manualmente para empregar transformações sintáticas, ou técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para modelar transformações mais simples. Simplificação em nı́vel lexical emprega busca por sinônimos para palavras complexas seguida por análise de contexto e/ou busca em modelos de frequência de palavras. Neste trabalho investiga-se a modelagem de ambas estratégias de simplificação em nı́vel sintático e lexical pelo aprendizado de regras através da transdução de árvores. Experimentos com dados da Simple English Wikipedia mostram resultados promissores, porém destacam a necessidade de estratégias inteligentes de filtragem para remover transformações ruidosas.
A contextual perspective of performance assessment in eGovernment: A study of Indian Police Administration

There is considerable research work on the performance assessment of eGovernment projects, especially on performance assessment measures per se. The point that the authors in this paper make is that while a variety of performance assessment measures are important for evaluation of eGovernment projects, performance itself is intended to relate governance with eGovernment applications. Thus, while developing performance assessment measures, there is a need to be conscious of governance as the ultimate purpose. Taking the Indian Police Administration as its domain, this paper demonstrates how performance assessment can be so conceived as to help capture the impact of eGovernment in regard to implications for governance in the given domain. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Salt tolerance of the annual halophyte Cakile maritima as affected by the provenance and the developmental stage

Though halophytes are naturally adapted to salinity, their salt-tolerance limits are greatly influenced by their provenance and developmental stage. In the present study, physio-biochemical responses of two Tunisian ecotypes of the oilseed coastal halophyte Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) to salinity (0–400 mM NaCl) were monitored during germination and vegetative growth stages. Tabarka and Jerba seeds were collected from humid or arid climatic areas, respectively. Plant response to salinity appeared to depend on the ecotype and salinity levels. Increasing salinity inhibited germination process. Jerba seeds were found to be more salt tolerant than the Tabarka ones. At the autotrophic stage of growth and under salt-free conditions, Jerba was less productive than Tabarka (in terms of dry matter accumulation), but plant biomass production and leaf expansion (area and number) of the former ecotype were progressively improved by 100 mM NaCl, as compared to the control. In contrast, at the same salt concentration, these parameters decreased under increasing salinity in Tabarka (salt sensitive). Leaf chlorophyll content was reduced at severe salinity, but this effect was more conspicuous in the sensitive Tabarka plants. Na+ contents in the Jerba and Tabarka leaves collected from the 400 mM NaCl-treated plants were 17- and 12-fold higher than in the respective controls. This effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in the leaf K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents, especially in the salt-treated Tabarka. A significant accumulation of proline and soluble carbohydrates in leaves was found during the period of intensive leaf growth. These organic compounds likely play a role in leaf osmotic adjustment and in protection of membrane stability at severe salinity.
Light Field Camera Design for Integral View Photography

This paper introduces the matrix formalism of optics as a useful approach to the area of “light fields”. It is capable of reproducing old results in Integral Photography, as well as generating new ones. Furthermore, we point out the equivalence between radiance density in optical phase space and the light field. We also show that linear transforms in matrix optics are applicable to light field rendering, and we extend them to affine transforms, which are of special importance to designing integral view cameras. Our main goal is to provide solutions to the problem of capturing the 4D light field with a 2D image sensor. From this perspective we present a unified affine optics view on all existing integral / light field cameras. Using this framework, different camera designs can be produced. Three new cameras are proposed. Figure 1: Integral view of a seagull