LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Economic Influence Analysis of Offshore Outsourcing Based on Host Country's View

The economic influence is analyzed in this paper, the influence is classified into positive ones and negative ones. Economic influence is regarded as an index to represent how much the influence could be helpful to the host country. Positive and negative influence on offshore outsourcing is studied and a model based on system dynamic is built to help the host country to develop outsourcing strategy.
Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the coronary revascularization outcome questionnaire

BACKGROUND
People with ischemic heart disease have increased drastically, and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been increasingly important. The Coronary Revascularization Outcome Questionnaire (CROQ) is a widely used tool to assess the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to rigorously examine the psychometric properties of the CROQ in patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


METHODS
The CROQ was translated into Korean. A total of 209 patients before PCI and 169 patients after PCI were recruited from a university hospital in Korea and completed questionnaires. In terms of statistical analyses, internal consistency, concurrent validity with using the Short Form 12 (SF-12) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire-Korean version (SAQ-K), and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis were assessed. Effective size statistics were calculated.


RESULTS
The internal consistency coefficients for all subscales of the CROQ were above 0.70, except the domain of adverse effects. The concurrent validity was mostly supported by the pattern of association among CROQ-K, SAQ-K, and SF-12. The results of EFA showed the core items of the CROQ had 7 factors. Large effect sizes were observed for the symptoms and the psychosocial functioning scales.


CONCLUSIONS
The Korean version of the CROQ is a valid and reliable scale for assessing HRQOL in patients with coronary artery disease.
Differential diagnosis of leukocoria and strabismus, first presenting signs of retinoblastoma

Leukocoria in infants is always a danger signal as retinoblastoma, a malignant retinal tumor, is responsible for half of the cases in this age group. More common signs should also be considered suspicious until proved otherwise, such as strabismus, the second most frequent sign of retinoblastoma. Less frequent manifestations are inflammatory conditions resistant to treatment, hypopyon, orbital cellulitis, hyphema or heterochromia. Other causal pathologies, including persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), Coats' disease, ocular toxocariasis or retinopathy of prematurity, may also manifest the same warning signs and require specialized differential diagnosis. Members of the immediate family circle are most likely to notice the first signs, the general practitioner, pediatrician or general ophthalmologist the first to be consulted. On their attitude will depend the final outcome of this vision and life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis is vital.
The Effects of Using Games to Reinforce Vocabulary Learning

Osha Saeed Al Neyadi is a B.Ed graduate from Al Ain Women's College. She now teaches at Asim Bin Thabet Primary School for Boys in Al Markaneya, Al Ain. Introduction This is a study of the effects of using games to practice vocabulary in the teaching of English to young learners. Teaching vocabulary through games was chosen as the focus area for my research for several reasons. Firstly, I observed during the course of many teaching practice placements during my undergraduate studies that new vocabulary in English lessons in UAE schools is mostly taught through the use of flashcards. Secondly, I observed that it is often taught out of context, as isolated words, and thirdly, I noticed that there is minimal variation in the teaching style used in English language teaching in UAE schools. The study was conducted with twenty-nine students in Grade Six in a primary girls' school in in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). According to my observations of how vocabulary is taught in schools, it relies on drilling the vocabulary to get the students to produce the correct pronunciation of words. Other strategies such as implementing games are very occasionally used to teach vocabulary; however, they are only used for a limited time. Using games is considered time consuming, so teachers prefer to use drilling as an immediate way of teaching and practicing vocabulary. In the school where the research was conducted, Arabic is the medium of instruction. In English class, students are encouraged to speak in English when they answer, and while they interact with their classmates. Translation is generally avoided, but it is sometimes used to clarify difficult linguistic concepts, and also to clarify meaning.
Motion of the fibula relative to the tibia and its alterations with syndesmosis screws: A cadaver study.

BACKGROUND
The motion of the fibula in relation to the tibia is coupled on the motion of the talus in the ankle joint. Several authors investigated this motion with different methods. An injury of the elastic fixation of the fibula to the tibia and its treatment with the syndesmotic set screw has an impact on this motion.


METHODS
The motion of the fibula relative to the tibia was measured in eight embalmed human above the knee amputated cadaver specimens using a 3D-motion analysis system. The relative motion was measured from 50° of plantar flexion to 30° of dorsiflexion. Experiments were performed in the following conditions: without fixation and intact ligaments, after sectioning of the four syndesmotic ligaments and the interosseous membrane, and application of either a tricortical screw, or a quadricortical screw or two quadricortical screws.


RESULTS
Concordant movements of the lateral malleolus were a medial translation during plantar flexion, external rotation around the sagittal axis during plantar and dorsiflexion. The motion of the proximal fibula was smaller and more variable than in the distal part. After sectioning of the syndesmosis the range of motion, compared to the intact state increased, particularly in translation along the transversal (118%), sagittal (160%) and the longitudinal (136%) axis and in axial rotation (145%). Syndesmotic screws reduced the range of motion in transversal (p<0.006) and sagittal translation (p<0.011) and axial rotation.


CONCLUSION
The small relative motion of the tibia and fibula is increased by syndesmotic injuries. Syndesmosis screws significantly limit this increased relative motion below physiologic values, which makes it necessary to remove the screws before flexion in the ankle joint is performed.
Total disc replacement in the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain with disc herniation: a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND
Biomechanical benefits of Total Disc Replacement (TDR) including both the restoration of normal segmental range of motion and the prevention of physiological lumbar lordosis encourage spine surgeons to perform TDR for lumbar disc disease.


METHODS
A total of twenty patients (mean age: 39.5) who had degenerative disc disease with unilateral disc herniation were operated on between 2003 and 2006. Microscopic anterior lumbar discectomy with TDR placement via a transperitoneal approach were performed. Each patient was evaluated using a VAS and the Oswestry index.


RESULTS
Mean ODI improved from 73.3 preoperatively to 35.0 and 20.4 at 3 and 12 months of follow-up respectively (P < 0.001). The mean VAS score improved from 8.65 preoperatively to 2.6 and 1.9 at 3 and 12 months respectively (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Results from this series are promising and indicate that placement of TDR for degenerative disc disease with lumbar disc herniation is a valuable alternative to conventional techniques. The main advantages of this application are preservation of spinal stability, early mobilization, restoration of normal segmental range of motion and elimination of problems related to intervertebral disc tissue such as discogenic pain and recurrence of disc herniation.
Learning and the Infant Mind

Contributors Introduction Amanda Woodward and Amy Needham 1. Learning and Memory: Like a Horse and Carriage Patricia J. Bauer 2. What can Statistical Learning Tell us about Infant Learning? Jenny R. Saffran 3. Developmental Origins of Object Perception Scott P. Johnson 4. An Account of Infants' Physical Reasoning Renee Baillargeon, Jie Li, Weiting Ng, Sylvia Yuan 5. Experience Primes Infants to Individuate Objects: Illuminating Learning Mechanisms Teresa Wilcox and Rebecca Woods 6. How infants learn categories Lisa M. Oakes, Jessica S. Horst, Kristine A. Kovach-Lesh, and Sammy Perone 7. Multiple Learning Mechanisms in the Development of Action Karen E. Adolph and Amy S. Joh 8. Learning in Infants' Object Perception, Object-directed Action, and Tool Use Amy Needham 9. Infants' Learning about Intentional Action Amanda Woodward 10. Early Word Learning and Other Seemingly Symbolic Behaviors Laura L. Namy 11. Symbol-based Learning in Infancy Judy S. DeLoache and Patricia A. Ganea 12. The Role of Learning in Cognitive Development: Challenges and Prospects Richard N. Aslin
LOW CORRELATION MIMO ANTENNAS WITH NEGATIVE GROUP DELAY

Abstract—A key feature of upcoming 4G wireless communication systems is multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology. To make the best use of MIMO, the antenna correlation between adjacent antennas should be low (< 0.5). In this context, we propose a correlation reduction technique suitable for closely spaced antennas (distance, d < λ/40). This technique reduces mutual coupling between antennas and concurrently uncorrelates antennas’ radiation characteristics by inducing the negative group delay at the target frequency. The validity of the technique is demonstrated with a USB dongle MIMO antenna designed for LTE 700 MHz band. Measurement results show that the antenna correlation is reduced more than 40% using the proposed technique.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Solar Powered Hybrid Rickshaw for Commercial Use in Pakistan

The energy sector of Pakistan is not well developed and it is also inadequately managed. Due to this fact currently the country is facing severe energy crisis and large share of the energy sources are consumed by automobiles. In order to contribute in solving energy crisis problem, there is a need to increase awareness of using alternate fuel for automobiles and also to propose an alternate solution for conventional rickshaw which is the most famous mean of transport for local public in Pakistan. The main issue with conventional rickshaw is high fuel cost, high noise pollution, high maintenance cost, less mileage and high smoke pollution. The solar powered hybrid rickshaw (S-rickshaw) product is designed and fabricated to overcome these issues. The product efficiency is enhanced to make it feasible as compared to fuel prices and cartridge battery system is introduced to enhance its availability. The concept of solar charging stations for Karachi, Pakistan is proposed to make the product commercially viable. The four prototypes for passenger type rickshaws and one prototype for cargo loading type are fabricated to check the results. The performance of solar powered hybrid rickshaw is tested through average speed analysis test i.e., 40 km hG1, mileage per charge i.e., 40 km chargeG1, charging time for batteries is 8 h, tyre load index is 71 and stopping distance at maximum speed of 50 km hG1 is 14 m. The breakeven time period of S-rickshaw is higher than the E-rickshaw because of higher initial investment but this is compensated by lower operational cost per year. As resultant the user get higher annual savings from the product. Annual saving difference for S-rickshaw will be US $468 higher than E-rickshaw and US $1350 higher than the conventional rickshaw (C-rickshaw).
Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects: Spatial Gradients and Environmental Correlates of Assemblage-Level Measures at Large Scales

Biodiversity embraces multiple facets of the variability of nature, although most research has dealt separately with population-, speciesand assemblage-level measures. This review concentrates on aquatic insect biodiversity and the assemblage-level measures, such as species richness, assemblage compositional variation, taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity. Most studies on aquatic insects have considered biodiversity patterns based on surveys of local assemblages along geographical and environmental gradients, while there is a virtual lack of studies that have considered regional grain sizes (i.e. the size of the observational unit). Latitudinal gradients at both regional and local grain are ambiguous in aquatic insects, as different studies have found either higher or lower local diversity in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Other geographical patterns in aquatic insect diversity may also be relatively weak, as suggested by subtle among-ecoregion differences in both local species richness and assemblage composition. An ecological explanation for the absence of strong geographical gradients is that local environmental features may not necessarily vary with geography, and these factors may override the influences of historical and climatic influences on local diversity. Evidence from large-scale studies suggests, however, that not only various local habitat and ecosystem variables, but also those measured at the watershed, regional and geographical scales are needed to account for variation in the species richness and assemblage composition of aquatic insects. Within regional species pools, species richness and assemblage composition in both lotic and lentic ecosystems vary most strongly along gradients in habitat size and acidity. Knowing how α-, βand γdiversity of aquatic insects vary along geographical and environmental gradients has important implications for the conservation of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. Such knowledge is not yet well-developed, and two aspects should be considered in future research. First, further survey research on lotic and lentic ecosystems is necessary for improving our understanding of general biodiversity patterns. Second, given that freshwater ecosystems are facing a severe
Toward cloud-based vehicular networks with efficient resource management

In the era of the Internet of Things, all components in intelligent transportation systems will be connected to improve transport safety, relieve traffic congestion, reduce air pollution, and enhance the comfort of driving. The vision of all vehicles connected poses a significant challenge to the collection and storage of large amounts of traffic-related data. In this article, we propose to integrate cloud computing into vehicular networks such that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources, and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes a vehicular cloud, a roadside cloud, and a central cloud. Then we study cloud resource allocation and virtual machine migration for effective resource management in this cloud-based vehicular network. A game-theoretical approach is presented to optimally allocate cloud resources. Virtual machine migration due to vehicle mobility is solved based on a resource reservation scheme.
Three-Dimensional Flux Vector Modulation of Four-Leg Sine-Wave Output Inverters

The time integral of the output voltage vector of a three-phase inverter is often termed the inverter flux vector. This paper addresses the control of a three-phase four-leg sine-wave output inverter having an LC filter at its output, by controlling the flux vector in three dimensions. Flux vector control has the property that an output filter resonance is actively damped by an output voltage control loop alone. Furthermore, an inverter switching action inherently regulates the output voltage rapidly against dc-bus voltage variations. The flux vector control of sine-wave output inverters finds several applications in three-phase four-wire systems. This paper presents a flux modulation method for three-phase four-leg inverters feeding unbalanced and nonlinear loads. All the necessary steps for the digital implementation of the flux modulator are presented. The switching behavior of the modulator has been evaluated, which is useful for the variable fundamental frequency applications of the inverters. To provide experimental validation, the modulator is implemented as a part of the control system for a stand-alone three-phase four-leg inverter with an LC filter at its output. Control system details are also provided. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the modulator and control system in providing balanced voltages at the output of the LC filter even under highly unbalanced conditions with nonlinear loads. The resonance damping and voltage regulation properties of the modulator are also apparent from the experimental results.
The Influence of Faulting on Hydrocarbon Migration in the Kupe Area, South Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

.......................................................................................................................... II Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ IV Table of
Operational definitions of outcome indicators related to ineffective breathing patterns in children with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE
The development of operational definitions leads to accurate assessments of health conditions. Many health indicators in the Nursing Outcomes Classification require the development of operational definitions. We sought to determine the validity of operational definitions for indicators of nursing outcomes that assess respiratory status in children with congenital heart disease.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eight trained nurses evaluated 45 children with congenital heart disease who were aged ≤ 1 year and previously diagnosed with ineffective breathing patterns. The statistical analysis included median differences, intraclass correlations, and cluster analyses.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The nonuse of definitions produced inconsistencies in evaluations among evaluators. This inconsistency was not evident in the group using operational definitions. Two indicators were significant in all statistical analyses: asymmetrical chest expansion and percussed sounds.
Mesiobuccal root canal anatomy of Korean maxillary first and second molars by cone-beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the types of canal configurations and the incidence of a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in Korean maxillary molar mesiobuccal (MB) roots by analyzing cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.


STUDY DESIGN
Three-dimensional CBCT images of 458 maxillary first molars and 467 second molars from 276 Korean patients were analyzed to determine the incidence of an MB2 canal, the types of canal configurations, and the correlations between the incidence of an MB2 canal and age, gender, and tooth position.


RESULTS
The incidence of 2-canaled MB roots was 71.8% in first molars and 42.2% in second molars, with the most common configurations being Weine types III and II. The frequency of an MB2 canal decreased with age in both molars (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Types III and II canal configurations were the most prevalent in the 2-canaled MB roots of Korean maxillary molars.
Designing and developing a location-based mobile tourism application by using cloud-based platform

This paper describes the design and development of a location-based mobile tourism application for cultural tourism in Malaysia by using a cloud-based platform. The architecture consists of three levels, front-end, middle-ware, and a back-end level that is built on Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform. The front-end level is a location-based mobile tourism application for Apple mobile devices, to explore nearby cultural tourism places. The middle-ware level provides a Web service to generate eXtensible Markup Language (XML) output from the relational database to exchange data between the mobile application and servers in the cloud. Finally, the back-end level that is built on AWS cloud platform provides services such as Apache Web server on Amazon Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2), MySQL database server on Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), and a cloud storage that uses Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), giving flexible, auto scalable, and secure servers to provide required services. The application is also caching images on the local storage and storing some data in SQLite database on the mobile device itself to provide some offline activities, and also decrease the number of sending requests to the servers, in order to save some data traffic.
Social state of the Netherlands

Original title: De sociale staat van Nederland 2017

Changes in the size and profile of the Dutch population have consequences in a host of societal domains. The labour market is an example: who is in work? Are there barriers to labour market entry? Until what age do people continue working? Another example is care and support: how have care needs changed in the light of the increase in the number of old people, and are there enough ‘hands around the bed’ to meet those needs? What new homes need to be built to meet changing housing needs? A changing population also has consequences for societal, social and cultural participation. A wide range of societal domains are discussed in this publication. This concluding chapter presents the key findings in an overarching review of the last 25 years, starting with the demographic context in which these developments have taken place.
Uprighting mandibular second molars with direct miniscrew anchorage.

627 P or total impaction of the mandibular second molar is relatively rare, occurring in only .3% of the general population and 2-3% of orthodontic patients.1,2 Causes may include arch-length deficiency, extraction or premature loss of the adjacent first molar, premature eruption of the mandibular third molar, and unusual angulation of the erupting second molar.3,4 If not treated, the condition can lead to serious problems, including dental caries and periodontal disease involving the first and second molars, as well as external root resorption of the first molar.5 Conventional orthodontic methods of uprighting mandibular molars involve preparation of an anchorage tooth or segment. Multiple appliances are usually needed, and unwanted movement of the anchorage unit can occur.6 The recent development of skeletal anchorage allows direct application of precise force systems to the target tooth or segment, producing efficient tooth movement in a short time. This article describes the use of direct miniscrew anchorage for mandibular second molar uprighting. Biomechanical Considerations
Gauging MOOC Learners' Adherence to the Designed Learning Path

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platform designs, such as those of edX and Coursera, afford linear learning sequences by building scaffolded knowledge from activity to activity and from week to week. We consider those sequences to be the courses’ designed learning paths. But do learners actually adhere to these designed paths, or do they forge their own ways through the MOOCs? What are the implications of either following or not following the designed paths? Existing research has greatly emphasized, and succeeded in, automatically predicting MOOC learner success and learner dropout based on behavior patterns derived from MOOC learners’ data traces. However, those predictions do not directly translate into practicable information for course designers & instructors aiming to improve engagement and retention — the two major issues plaguing today’s MOOCs. In this work, we present a three-pronged approach to exploring MOOC data for novel learning path insights, thus enabling course instructors & designers to adapt a course’s design based on empirical evidence.