LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Endurance exercise training during haemodialysis improves strength, power, fatigability and physical performance in maintenance haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND
Endurance training improves cardiopulmonary fitness in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Because many MHD patients are profoundly deconditioned and exhibit significant muscle weakness, endurance training may also improve muscle strength and physical performance in these patients. This study assessed this possibility.


METHODS
Twelve MHD patients performed incremental and constant work rate cycle exercise tests to determine peak work rate, VO(2)peak and endurance time (ET). Lower extremity strength, power and fatigability, stair-climbing time, 10 m walk time and a timed up-and-go were assessed before and after 8.6+/-2.3 weeks of thrice weekly, progressive, semi-recumbent, leg-cycle training during haemodialysis. Initial training intensity and duration targets were set at 50% peak work rate (WR) and 20 min, respectively, with a goal of progressing to 40 min at the highest WR tolerable. Non-exercising MHD patients and healthy volunteers with similar age, gender and race/ethnicity served as comparison groups.


RESULTS
None of the subjects tolerated the initial target intensity. Therefore, WR was reduced to 19+/-9 watts (30% of peak WR) for 19.9 min/session. At end of training, subjects cycled at 29+/-25 watts (46% initial peak WR; P = 0.01) for 38+/-8 min (P<0.001). VO(2)peak and ET improved 22% (P = 0.018) and 144% (P = 0.001), respectively. Quadriceps strength, power and fatigability improved 16% (P = 0.002), 15% (P = 0.115) and 43% (P = 0.029), respectively. The three measures of physical performance improved by 14-17% (P<0.031). Total work performed in training increased by 5.5+/-21.1 kJ/week (17%); a 165% increase during the study period.


CONCLUSIONS
Nine weeks of leg-cycling during haemodialysis in MHD patients improves not only cardiopulmonary fitness and endurance but also muscle strength, power, fatigability and physical function. These data underscore the value of endurance training in MHD.
The Impact of Spectrum Sensing Frequency and Packet-Loading Scheme on Multimedia Transmission Over Cognitive Radio Networks

Recently, multimedia transmission over cognitive radio networks (CRNs) becomes an important topic due to the CR's capability of using unoccupied spectrum for data transmission. Conventional work has focused on typical quality-of-service (QoS) factors such as radio link reliability, maximum tolerable communication delay, and spectral efficiency. However, there is no work considering the impact of CR spectrum sensing frequency and packet-loading scheme on multimedia QoS. Here the spectrum sensing frequency means how frequently a CR user detects the free spectrum. Continuous, frequent spectrum sensing could increase the medium access control (MAC) layer processing overhead and delay, and cause some multimedia packets to miss the receiving deadline, and thus decrease the multimedia quality at the receiver side. In this research, we will derive the math model between the spectrum sensing frequency and the number of remaining packets that need to be sent, as well as the relationship between spectrum sensing frequency and the new channel availability time during which the CRN user is allowed to use a new channel (after the current channel is re-occupied by primary users) to continue packet transmission. A smaller number of remaining packets and a larger value of new channel availability time will help to transmit multimedia packets within a delay deadline. Based on the above relationship model, we select appropriate spectrum sensing frequency under single-channel case, and study the trade-offs among the number of selected channels, optimal spectrum sensing frequency, and packet-loading scheme under multi-channel case. The optimal spectrum sensing frequency and packet-loading solutions for multi-channel case are obtained by using the combination of Hughes-Hartogs and discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithms. Our experiments of JPEG2000 packet-stream and H.264 video packet-stream transmission over CRN demonstrate the validity of our spectrum sensing frequency selection and packet-loading scheme.
Multi-unit differential auction-barter model for electronic marketplaces

Differential auction–barter (DAB) model augments the well-known double auction (DA) model with barter bids so that besides the usual purchase and sale activities, bidders can also carry out direct bartering of items. The DAB model also provides a mechanism for making or receiving a differential money payment as part of the direct bartering of items, hence, allowing bartering of different valued items. In this paper, we propose an extension to the DAB model, called the multi-unit differential auction–barter (MUDAB) model for e-marketplaces in which multiple instances of commodities are exchanged. Furthermore, a more powerful and flexible bidding language is designed which allows bidders to express their complex preferences of purchase, sell and exchange requests, and hence increases the allocative efficiency of the market compared to the DAB. The winner determination problem of the MUDAB model is formally defined, and a fast polynomial-time network flow based algorithm is proposed for solving the problem. The fast performance of the algorithm is also demonstrated on various test cases containing up to one million bids. Thus, the proposed model can be used in large-scale online auctions without worrying about the running times of the solver. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unsupervised Multi-modal Neural Machine Translation

Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) has recently achieved remarkable results [19] with only large monolingual corpora in each language. However, the uncertainty of associating target with source sentences makes UNMT theoretically an ill-posed problem. This work investigates the possibility of utilizing images for disambiguation to improve the performance of UNMT. Our assumption is intuitively based on the invariant property of image, i.e., the description of the same visual content by different languages should be approximately similar. We propose an unsupervised multi-modal machine translation (UMNMT) framework based on the language translation cycle consistency loss conditional on the image, targeting to learn the bidirectional multi-modal translation simultaneously. Through an alternate training between multi-modal and uni-modal, our inference model can translate with or without the image. On the widely used Multi30K dataset, the experimental results of our approach are significantly better than those of the text-only UNMT on the 2016 test dataset.
The security and privacy of smart vehicles

Road safety, traffic management, and driver convenience continue to improve, in large part thanks to appropriate usage of information technology. But this evolution has deep implications for security and privacy, which the research community has overlooked so far.
Space-efficient approximate Voronoi diagrams

(MATH) Given a set $S$ of $n$ points in $\IR^d$, a {\em $(t,\epsilon)$-approximate Voronoi diagram (AVD)} is a partition of space into constant complexity cells, where each cell $c$ is associated with $t$ representative points of $S$, such that for any point in $c$, one of the associated representatives approximates the nearest neighbor to within a factor of $(1+\epsilon)$. Like the Voronoi diagram, this structure defines a spatial subdivision. It also has the desirable properties of being easy to construct and providing a simple and practical data structure for answering approximate nearest neighbor queries. The goal is to minimize the number and complexity of the cells in the AVD.(MATH) We assume that the dimension $d$ is fixed. Given a real parameter $\gamma$, where $2 \le \gamma \le 1/\epsilon$, we show that it is possible to construct a $(t,\epsilon)$-AVD consisting of \[O(n \epsilon^{\frac{d-1}{2}} \gamma^{\frac{3(d-1)}{2}} \log \gamma) \] cells for $t = O(1/(\epsilon \gamma)^{(d-1)/2})$. This yields a data structure of $O(n \gamma^{d-1} \log \gamma)$ space (including the space for representatives) that can answer $\epsilon$-NN queries in time $O(\log(n \gamma) + 1/(\epsilon \gamma)^{(d-1)/2})$. (Hidden constants may depend exponentially on $d$, but do not depend on $\epsilon$ or $\gamma$).(MATH) In the case $\gamma = 1/\epsilon$, we show that the additional $\log \gamma$ factor in space can be avoided, and so we have a data structure that answers $\epsilon$-approximate nearest neighbor queries in time $O(\log (n/\epsilon))$ with space $O(n/\epsilon^{d-1})$, improving upon the best known space bounds for this query time. In the case $\gamma = 2$, we have a data structure that can answer approximate nearest neighbor queries in $O(\log n + 1/\epsilon^{(d-1)/2})$ time using optimal $O(n)$ space. This dramatically improves the previous best space bound for this query time by a factor of $O(1/\epsilon^{(d-1)/2})$.(MATH) We also provide lower bounds on the worst-case number of cells assuming that cells are axis-aligned rectangles of bounded aspect ratio. In the important extreme cases $\gamma \in \{2, 1/\epsilon\}$, our lower bounds match our upper bounds asymptotically. For intermediate values of $\gamma$ we show that our upper bounds are within a factor of $O((1/\epsilon)^{(d-1)/2}\log \gamma)$ of the lower bound.
A cluster-randomized trial of provider-initiated (opt-out) HIV counseling and testing of tuberculosis patients in South Africa.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether implementation of provider-initiated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling would increase the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients who received HIV counseling and testing.


DESIGN
Cluster-randomized trial with clinic as the unit of randomization.


SETTING
Twenty, medium-sized primary care TB clinics in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.


SUBJECTS
A total of 754 adults (18 years and older) newly registered as TB patients in the 20 study clinics.


INTERVENTION
Implementation of provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Percentage of TB patients HIV counseled and tested. SECONDARY: Percentage of patients with HIV test positive, and percentage of those who received cotrimoxazole and who were referred for HIV care.


RESULTS
: A total of 754 adults newly registered as TB patients were enrolled. In clinics randomly assigned to implement provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing, 20.7% (73/352) patients were counseled versus 7.7% (31/402) in the control clinics (P = 0.011), and 20.2% (n = 71) versus 6.5% (n = 26) underwent HIV testing (P = 0.009). Of those patients counseled, 97% in the intervention clinics accepted testing versus 79% in control clinics (P = 0.12). The proportion of patients identified as HIV infected in intervention clinics was 8.5% versus 2.5% in control clinics (P = 0.044). Fewer than 40% of patients with a positive HIV test were prescribed cotrimoxazole or referred for HIV care in either study arm.


CONCLUSIONS
Provider-initiated HIV counseling significantly increased the proportion of adult TB patients who received HIV counseling and testing, but the magnitude of the effect was small. Additional interventions to optimize HIV testing for TB patients urgently need to be evaluated.
BG9719 (CVT-124), an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, protects against the decline in renal function observed with diuretic therapy.

BACKGROUND
Adenosine may adversely affect renal function via its effects on renal arterioles and tubuloglomerular feedback, but effects of adenosine blockade in humans receiving furosemide and ACE inhibitors is unknown.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This was a randomized, double-blind, ascending-dose, crossover study evaluating 3 doses of BG9719 in 63 patients with congestive heart failure. Patients received placebo or 1 of 3 doses of BG9719 on 1 day and the same medication plus furosemide on a separate day. Renal function and electrolyte and water excretion were assessed. BG9719 alone caused an increase in urine output and sodium excretion (P<0.05). Although administration of furosemide alone caused a large diuresis, addition of BG9719 to furosemide increased diuresis, which was significant at the 0.75-microg/mL concentration. BG9719 alone improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the 2 lower doses. Furosemide alone caused a decline in GFR. When BG9719 was added to furosemide, however, creatinine clearance remained at baseline at the 2 lower doses.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with congestive heart failure on standard therapy, including ACE inhibitors, BG9719 increased both urine output and GFR. In these same patients, furosemide increased urine output at the expense of decreased GFR. When BG9719 was given in addition to furosemide, urine volume additionally increased and there was no deterioration in GFR. A1 adenosine antagonism might preserve renal function while simultaneously promoting natriuresis during treatment for heart failure.
Brand equity estimation model

a r t i c l e i n f o Although a consensus exists among marketing scholars and practitioners about the importance of brand equity, a uniformly accepted estimation model has yet to emerge. Most consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) models do not offer a monetary estimation of brand equity while many financial-based brand equity (FBBE) models do not consider consumers' perceptions. In this paper, the authors develop a model that combines these two approaches: CBBE and FBBE. The former considers consumers' purchase intentions and brand-switching probabilities using Markov matrices, while the latter calculates the monetary value of a brand using net present value of future generated cash flows. Additionally, the model enables the comparison of brand performance in relation to its competitors and the estimation of financial returns of marketing actions, thus distinguishing between the contributions of the different drivers of brand equity. Marketing professionals still face the challenge of estimating the value of a brand. As Keller (1998) points out, various forms of estimation with different measurement purposes are available. Consequently, researchers propose many different approaches for capturing brand equity (Shankar, Azar, & Fuller, 2008). However, research in the marketing field has not yet come up with a single, uniformly accepted theoretical basis for brand valuation (Raggio & Leone, 2007). Thus, although the corporate world recognizes the estimation of brand equity as an important marketing activity, the estimation of brand equity (Madden, Fehle, & Fournier, 2006) and the quantification of the returns on marketing activities in financial terms continues to be a major challenge for marketing and brand managers (Mizik & Jacobson, 2008). Adoption of a new measurement of brand equity results from the informational requirements of the following groups of people: (a) marketers, who seek to increase their organizational credibility by demonstrating the value of branding in clear financial terms (Madden et al., 2006), in order to obtain budgets for their departments and to better manage their brands; (b) scholars, who are under pressure to supply theoretical and methodological support to marketers in order to better measure brand equity, evaluate their brand performance and estimate its investment returns; (c) accountants, who set the price of a brand to be sold or purchased, and include a brand in the company's balance sheet (Feldwick, 1996), especially in mergers and acquisitions; and (d) shareholders and financial analysts, who verify the financial performance and the association between brand equity and shareholder …
Six-and 12-month follow-up of an interdisciplinary fibromyalgia treatment programme: results of a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy of a 6-week interdisciplinary treatment that combines coordinated psychological, medical, educational, and physiotherapeutic components (PSYMEPHY) over time compared to standard pharmacologic care.


METHODS
Randomised controlled trial with follow-up at 6 months for the PSYMEPHY and control groups and 12 months for the PSYMEPHY group. Participants were 153 outpatients with FM recruited from a hospital pain management unit. Patients randomly allocated to the control group (CG) received standard pharmacologic therapy. The experimental group (EG) received an interdisciplinary treatment (12 sessions). The main outcome was changes in quality of life, and secondary outcomes were pain, physical function, anxiety, depression, use of pain coping strategies, and satisfaction with treatment as measured by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Coping with Chronic Pain Questionnaire, and a question regarding satisfaction with the treatment.


RESULTS
Six months after the intervention, significant improvements in quality of life (p=0.04), physical function (p=0.01), and pain (p=0.03) were seen in the PSYMEPHY group (n=54) compared with controls (n=56). Patients receiving the intervention reported greater satisfaction with treatment. Twelve months after the intervention, patients in the PSYMEPHY group (n=58) maintained statistically significant improvements in quality of life, physical functioning, pain, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and were less likely to use maladaptive passive coping strategies compared to baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
An interdisciplinary treatment for FM was associated with improvements in quality of life, pain, physical function, anxiety and depression, and pain coping strategies up to 12 months after the intervention.
Sexist Games=Sexist Gamers? A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Video Game Use and Sexist Attitudes

From the oversexualized characters in fighting games, such as Dead or Alive or Ninja Gaiden, to the overuse of the damsel in distress trope in popular titles, such as the Super Mario series, the under- and misrepresentation of females in video games has been well documented in several content analyses. Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can affect perceptions of social realities in a way that they become more similar to the representations in the media and, in turn, impact one's beliefs and attitudes. Previous studies on video games and cultivation have often been cross-sectional or experimental, and the limited longitudinal work in this area has only considered time intervals of up to 1 month. Additionally, previous work in this area has focused on the effects of violent content and relied on self-selected or convenience samples composed mostly of adolescents or college students. Enlisting a 3 year longitudinal design, the present study assessed the relationship between video game use and sexist attitudes, using data from a representative sample of German players aged 14 and older (N=824). Controlling for age and education, it was found that sexist attitudes--measured with a brief scale assessing beliefs about gender roles in society--were not related to the amount of daily video game use or preference for specific genres for both female and male players. Implications for research on sexism in video games and cultivation effects of video games in general are discussed.
Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition

It shows the profound impact of the prohibition movement on political history before 1916 and analyzes its ambiguous triumph in the 1920s. In doing so, it reveals the relationship between liquor control and the unique moral history of the American family. Here is social history at its best, wiping away the myth and legends of the past.
Online Learning of Multiple Perceptual Models for Navigation in Unknown Terrain

Autonomous robots in unknown and unstructured environments must be able to distinguish safe and unsafe terrain in order to navigate effectively. Stereo depth data is effective in the near field, but agents should also be able to observe and learn perceptual models for identifying traversable surfaces and obstacles in the far field. As the robot passes through the environment however, the appearance of ground plane and obstacles may vary, for example in open fields versus tree cover or paved versus gravel or dirt tracks. In this paper we describe a working robot navigation system based primarily on colour imaging, which learns sets of fast, efficient density-based models online. As the robot moves through the environment the system chooses whether to apply current models, discard inappropriate models or acquire new ones. These models operate on complex natural images and are acquired and used in real time as the robot navigates.
‘We do the rest’: Photography, Labour, and Howellsian Realism

In Suburban Sketches (1871), one of William Dean Howells’ earliest publications, the Sallie family take a boat trip down Boston’s Charles River and along the East Coast. Like an increasing number of bourgeois American families of the 1870s, they memorialise their ‘Day’s Pleasure’ by having a picture taken.1 Waiting for the exposure, they arrange themselves into ‘striking and characteristic attitudes’ for a ‘brief space of time that seems so long’ (Suburban Sketches, p. 150). The photographer turns his back during the exposure ‘as photographers always do, with that air of hiding their tears’ (p. 150). The resulting image, which the reader never sees, may be realistic in the sense of recording what was in front of the lens, but it will be unrealistic in that what it records are the ‘characteristic attitudes’ known as posing. Like Levy and Stevenson, Howells concerned himself with the social implications of posing, though, unlike them, he felt it to be something of a moral and political danger.
Reexamining the Effectiveness of Vocabulary Learning via Mobile Phones.

The purpose of this study is to reexamine the effectiveness of vocabulary learning via mobile phones. Students (N=78) from two intact classes of sophomores at a Chinese university were assigned to two groups: the SMS group (the experimental group) and the paper group (the control group). Then, they were administered a pretest to identify the level of their prior vocabulary knowledge. The results revealed that there was no significant difference (p>.05) between the SMS group (Mean=33.34, SD=14.30) and the paper group (Mean=37.13, SD=15.21). Next, they were put into two intervention conditions. The SMS group studied a selected list of vocabulary via mobile phone SMS text messages while the paper group worked on the same list of vocabulary through paper material in a self-regulated manner. Results showed that there was a significant difference (p<.05) in the posttests but not in the delayed tests (p>.05) between the two groups. The study concludes that vocabulary learning through these two methods is effective in their own way and that a blended approach to vocabulary learning may better help increase the effectiveness from the perspective of sustained retention rates. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Perspectives on equality : the second Seamus Heaney lectures

Introduction - Mary Ann Lyons and Fionnuala Waldron 1. The Philosophy and Politics of Equality of Condition - John Baker 2. Multiethnicity and the Idea of Europe - Ash Amin 3. The Challenge of Diversity for Education in Northern Ireland - Alan Smith 4. Equality, Dependency and Disability - Eva Feder Kittay 5. Equality and Education: A Framework for Theory and Action - Kathleen Lynch 6. Give Tongue Its Freedom: Children as Citizens of Irish Civic Society - Mary Shine Thompson 7. Reflections on the Challenges of Inclusive Education: A Response to Eva Feder Kittay's Argument for Equal Dignity - Joseph Travers 8. The Shape of Things to Come: A Reflective Summary of the Seamus Heaney Lecture Series, Perspectives on Equality - Ann Louise Gilligan.