LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of a "gummy smile".

BACKGROUND
Excessive gingival display, or a "gummy smile," is defined as 2 mm or more of gingival exposure upon smiling. Such excessive gingival exposure can be aesthetically unappealing to patients. One factor that contributes to a gummy smile is hyperfunctional lip elevator muscles.


OBJECTIVES
The authors evaluate onabotulinumtoxinA as a safe and minimally invasive treatment for a gummy smile.


METHODS
In this prospective study, 14 patients (13 women, 1 man) underwent pretreatment photographs and measurements, followed by bilateral injection of onabotulinumtoxinA into their lip elevator muscles. All patients selected for the study had more than 2mm of gingival show and were classified as having a "cuspid smile," where action of all elevator muscles raised the upper lip- like a window shade-to expose the upper teeth and gingival scaffold; these patients were thought to have a better chance for a more superior result. Repeat measurements and photographs were collected at 2 weeks and 3 months. Patient-reported outcomes were collected at 2 weeks, and data were compared to determine the correlative relationship.


RESULTS
An average of 5 units (range, 4-6 U) of onabotulinumtoxinA were injected into 3 sites bilaterally. The average preinjection gingival show over the central incisors and canines were 4.89 mm and 4.25 mm, respectively. Postinjection gingival show decreased to an average of 0.75 mm (85% improvement) and 0.74 mm (83% improvement) over the central incisors and canines, respectively. Average follow-up time was 12.6 days. One patient felt the resulting smile was unattractive and opted not to undergo repeat injections, while all other study participants experienced no negative effects and wished to undergo repeat treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
As treatment for a "gummy smile," onabotulinumtoxinA provides an effective, minimally invasive, and safe therapy. This treatment option can lead to significant improvement in smile aesthetics with high patient satisfaction.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
An optimum VLSI design of a 16-BIT ALU

The key parameters for the performance measure of any VLSI design are logic delay, power consumption and chip area. This paper describes the VLSI design of a 16 Bit ALU and design is optimized in terms of Speed, Power Consumption and Chip Area. Different logic families are used in the design for various logic modules. The choice of logic families for each module is determined by considering speed and power consumption as the important parameters offered by each logic family. The adder circuit being the most important module used by the arithmetic operations of an ALU, detailed analysis of the variety of adder circuit configurations are carried out and the best suited configuration for the ALU design i.e. Carry Skip Adder configuration is used to design the optimum ALU. Finally a 16 bit Arithmetic Logic unit is designed using mixed logic families such as CMOS for basic logic functions, pseudo-NMOS for AND logic and Pass Transistor logic for multiplexers, in order to optimize the overall performance of the design. Schematic editor DSCH is used to validate the design at gate level implementation and IC Layout editor Microwind is used to implement the chip level design.
Statistical Properties and Applications of A New Lindley Exponential Distribution

In this study, a New Lindley Exponential distribution was studied using the Lindley generalized family of distributions. Expressions for its densities, survival function, hazard function, quantile function and distribution of order statistics were derived. Its sub-models were identified and the New Lindley Exponential distribution was applied to two real life datasets to assess its flexibility over the Lindley distribution and the Exponential distribution. The results indicate that the New Lindley Exponential distribution performed better than both the Lindley distribution and the Exponential distribution based on their log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criteria values.
Finding the best shortcut in a geometric network

Given a Euclidean graph G in R<sup>d</sup> with n vertices and m edges we consider the problem of adding a shortcut such that the stretch factor of the resulting graph is minimized. Currently, the fastest algorithm for computing the stretch factor of a Euclidean graph runs in O(mn+n<sup>2</sup> log n) time, resulting in a trivial O(mn<sup>3</sup>+n<sup>4</sup> log n) time algorithm for computing the optimal shortcut. First, we show that a simple modification yields the optimal solution in O(n<sup>4</sup>) time using O(n<sup>2</sup>) space. To reduce the running times we consider several approximation algorithms. Our main result is a (2+ε)-approximation algorithm with running time O(nm+n<sup>2</sup>(log n+1/ε<sup>3d</sup>)) using O(n<sup>2</sup>) space.
The politics and poetics of journalistic narrative : the timely and the timeless

Preface: True stories Acknowledgements Introduction: What Isn't Literature 1. Writing after the fact: Crane, journalism and fiction 2. 'News that stays': Hemingway, journalism and objectivity in fiction 3. News that fits: The construction of journalistic objectivity 4. Other American New Journalisms: 1960s New Journalism as 'other' 5. The 'incredibility of reality' and the ideology of form 6. Freud and our 'Wolfe Man': The Right Stuff and the concept of belatedness Conclusion Notes Works cited Index.
Microscopic Varicocelectomy Significantly Decreases the Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index in Patients with Infertility

BACKGROUND
Varicocele is associated with high levels of DNA damage in spermatozoa due to oxidative stress and elevated levels of sperm DNA fragmentation, which has been currently proposed to be an essential additional diagnostic test to be recommended for patients with clinical varicocele. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of semen and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in patients with varicocele before and after varicocelectomy.


METHODS
The details of 92 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed from January 2010 to December 2012. The sperm samples were evaluated according to the World Health Organization Guidelines. Sperm DNA damage, characterized as DFI, was evaluated by sperm chromatin structure assay using flow cytometry.


RESULTS
There was a statistically significant improvement in the semen concentration, the total motile count, the total normal sperm count, and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI; the percentage of sperm with denatured DNA) after varicocelectomy. There was a large decrease in DFI from a preoperative mean of 42.6% to a postoperative mean of 20.5% (P < 0.001). A higher preoperative DFI was associated with a larger decrease in postoperative DFI, and significant negative correlations were observed between the DFI and sperm motility (r = -0.42, P < 0.01).


CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that varicocelectomy can improve multiple semen parameters and sperm DNA damage in infertile men with varicocele. The patients with preoperative defects in those parameters showed greater improvement postoperatively. Further research in this area is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of DNA damage in infertile men with varicocele.
Google Android: A Comprehensive Security Assessment

This research provides a security assessment of the Android framework-Google's software stack for mobile devices. The authors identify high-risk threats to the framework and suggest several security solutions for mitigating them.
Quantitative Data Analysis in Finance

Quantitative tools have been widely adopted in order to extract the massive information from a variety of financial data. Mathematics, statistics and computers algorithms have never been so important to financial practitioners in history. Investment banks develop equilibrium models to evaluate financial instruments; mutual funds applied time series to identify the risks in their portfolio; and hedge funds hope to extract market signals and statistical arbitrage from noisy market data. The rise of quantitative finance in the last decade relies on the development of computer techniques that makes processing large datasets possible. As more data is available at a higher frequency, more researches in quantitative finance have switched to the microstructures of financial market. High frequency data is a typical example of big data that is characterized by the 3V’s: velocity, variety and volume. In addition, the signal to noise ratio in financial time series is usually very small. High frequency datasets are more likely to be exposed to extreme values, jumps and errors than the low frequency ones. Specific data processing techniques and quantitative models are elaborately designed to extract information from financial data efficiently. In this chapter, we present the quantitative data analysis approaches in finance. First, we review the development of quantitative finance in the past decade. Then we discuss the characteristics of high frequency data and the challenges it brings. The quantitative data analysis consists of two basic steps: (i) data cleaning and aggregating; (ii) data modeling. We review the mathematics tools and computing technologies behind the two steps. The valuable information extracted from raw data is represented by a group of statistics. The most widely used statistics in finance are expected return and volatility, which are the fundamentals of modern portfolio theory. We further introduce some simple portfolio optimization strategies as an example of the application of financial data analysis. Big data has already changed financial industry fundamentally; while quantitative tools for addressing massive financial data still have a long way to go. Adoptions of advanced statistics, information theory, machine learning and faster computing algorithm are inevitable in order to predict complicated financial markets. These topics are briefly discussed in the later part of this chapter. Xiang Shi, Ph.D. Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA e-mail: xiang.shi@stonybrook.edu
Cancer incidence in Khartoum, Sudan: first results from the Cancer Registry, 2009–2010

In 2009, the first National Population-based Cancer Registry (NCR) was established in Sudan. We report in this study, the first data from the NCR for Khartoum State for the period 2009-2010. The NCR staff used passive and active approaches to collect data on cancer diagnosed by all means in Khartoum State. Rates were age standardized to the 2010 Sudan Standard Population and 1966 and 2000 World Standard Population and expressed per 100,000 populations. During 2009-2010, 6771 new cancer cases were registered. Of those, 3646 (53.8%) cases were in women and 3125 (46.2%) were in men. The most commonly diagnosed cancer among women was breast followed by leukemia, cervix, and ovary, and among men it was prostate cancer followed by leukemia, lymphoma, oral, colorectal, and liver. In children less than 15 years of age, leukemia was the most common cancer followed lymphoma, and cancer of the eye, bone, kidney, and the brain. The overall age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 population was higher in women (124.3) than in men (90.8) using 2010 Sudan Standard Population. Similarly, it was higher in women (188.6 and 206.3 per 100,000 population) than in men (145.4 and 160.0 per 100,000 population) using 1966 and 2000 World Standard Population, respectively. The data from NCR indicated that prostate and breast as the most commonly diagnosed cancer sites in men and women in Khartoum, while cancer of the cervix trailed behind portraying a cancer picture similar to that of the developed world. Despite the study limitations, the NCR data gave a fair representation of cancer profile of Khartoum State and underscored the need for high-quality cancer registries in Sudan.
SfePy - Write Your Own FE Application

SfePy (Simple Finite Elements in Python) is a framework for solving various kinds of problems (mechanics, physics, biology, ...) described by partial differential equations in two or three space dimensions by the finite element method. The paper illustrates its use in an interactive environment or as a framework for building custom finite-element based solvers.
Molecular markers in the endometrium at baseline of postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer in the ATAC (Arimidex, tamoxifen, alone, or in combination) trial.

OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to assess baseline endometrial molecular events in the ATAC (Arimidex, tamoxifen, alone, or in combination) trial of breast cancer adjuvant therapy.


STUDY DESIGN
Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels and markers of cell proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis ( Bcl -2) were assessed in 93 patients at baseline.


RESULTS
An inactive/atrophic endometrium was found in 63 patients, 5 had a proliferative endometrium, and 12 had a secretory endometrium. Thirteen endometrial polyps were analyzed. Inactive endometrium showed high levels of ER in the glandular epithelium, whereas in more than 50% of samples, PR expression was negative or low (+) in the glandular epithelium, and stroma. Ki67 expression was low in both the glandular epithelium and the stroma of the inactive endometrium, whereas Bcl -2 expression was mostly high or very high (+++/++++) in the glandular epithelium. Bcl -2 was strongly expressed (+++/++++) in the glandular epithelium of polyps.


CONCLUSION
Although all patients were asymptomatic, some had endometrial pathology.
A molecular diagnostic algorithm to guide pollen immunotherapy in southern Europe: towards component-resolved management of allergic diseases.

Correct identification of the culprit allergen is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases. In recent years, molecular biology has made important advances facilitating such identification and overcoming some of the drawbacks of natural allergen extracts, which consist of mixtures of various proteins that may be allergenic or not, specific for the allergen source or widely distributed (panallergens). New technologies offer the opportunity for a more accurate component-resolved diagnosis, of benefit especially to polysensitized allergic patients. The basic elements of molecular diagnostics with potential relevance to immunotherapy prescription are reviewed here, with a focus on Southern European sensitization patterns to pollen allergens. We propose a basic algorithm regarding component-resolved diagnostic work-up for pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy candidates in Southern Europe; this and similar algorithms can form the basis of improved patient management, conceptually a 'Component-Resolved Allergy Management'.
UC-EBG on LTCC for 60-GHz Frequency Band Antenna Applications

The relatively high dielectric constant of the low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate materials can reduce the antenna gain and increase the mutual coupling in antenna arrays due to the increased surface-wave power. We present a design of a uniplanar-compact electromagnetic band-gap (UC-EBG) structure on the Ferro A6-S LTCC tape system operating in the 60-GHz frequency band. The UC-EBG design is used with an aperture-coupled microstrip-line-fed patch antenna (ACMPA) and with a 16-element array to increase the antenna gain. The UC-EBG is also used to reduce the mutual coupling between antennas in the E- and H-planes. The performance of the antennas with and without UC-EBG are evaluated with the probe-station and radiation-pattern measurements. In addition, the reflection from the UC-EBG surface is measured using a WR-15 waveguide excitation. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and the measurements. An increase of up to 4.5 and 2.3 dBi is achieved in the gain for a single element and for a 16-element array, respectively. A reduction of up to 11.8 dB is observed in the E-plane coupling between two patches. The presented design is suitable for electromagnetic shielding, reduction of coupling in integrated LTCC modules, and providing high gain antennas for low-cost millimeter-wave applications.
On the design of NFC antennas for contactless payment applications

The increasing interest in using Near Field Communications (NFC) technology [1] at 13.5MHz is growing rapidly in the area of contactless payments, as well as numerous other applications, between devices that are within 10cm distance apart. However, there is growing concern that the use of such devices for contactless payments invites problems with regards to using metallic objects in the vicinity of the two devices to act as “rogue” antennas, which eavesdrop information during a financial transaction is taking place. This paper presents aspects of designing H-antennas both for the two devices communicating while also identifying the means by which rogue antennas can be created by exploiting real life metallic structures. In this paper, a shopping trolley is taken as an example.
The circadian clock and hypoxia in tumor cell de-differentiation and metastasis.

BACKGROUND
Cancer is considered to develop due to disruptions in the tissue microenvironment in addition to genetic disruptions in the tumor cells themselves. The two most important microenvironmental disruptions in cancer are arguably tissue hypoxia and disrupted circadian rhythmicity. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal side of all blood vessels transport oxygen or endocrine circadian regulators to the tissue and are therefore of key importance for circadian disruption and hypoxia in tumors.


SCOPE OF REVIEW
Here I review recent findings on the role of circadian rhythms and hypoxia in cancer and metastasis, with particular emphasis on how these pathways link tumor metastasis to pathological functions of blood vessels. The involvement of disrupted cell metabolism and redox homeostasis in this context and the use of novel zebrafish models for such studies will be discussed.


MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Circadian rhythms and hypoxia are involved in tumor metastasis on all levels from pathological deregulation of the cell to the tissue and the whole organism. Pathological tumor blood vessels cause hypoxia and disruption in circadian rhythmicity which in turn drives tumor metastasis. Zebrafish models may be used to increase our understanding of the mechanisms behind hypoxia and circadian regulation of metastasis.


GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
Disrupted blood flow in tumors is currently seen as a therapeutic goal in cancer treatment, but may drive invasion and metastasis via pathological hypoxia and circadian clock signaling. Understanding the molecular details behind such regulation is important to optimize treatment for patients with solid tumors in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
Object-Oriented Concurrent Constraint Programming in Oz

1.1 Abstract Oz is a higher-order concurrent constraint programming system under development at DFKI. It combines ideas from logic and concurrent programming in a simple yet expressive language. From logic programming Oz inherits logic variables and logic data structures, which provide for a programming style where partial information about the values of variables is imposed concurrently and incrementally. A novel feature of Oz is the support of higher-order programming without sacriicing that denotation and equality of variables are captured by rst-order logic. Another new feature of Oz are cells, a concurrent construct providing a minimal form of state fully compatible with logic data structures. These two features allow to express objects as procedures with state, avoiding the problems of stream communication, the conventional communication mechanism employed in concurrent logic programming. Based on cells and higher-order programming, Oz readily supports concurrent object-oriented programming including object identity, late method binding, multiple inheritance, \self", \super", batches, synchronous and asynchronous communication. is an attempt to create a high-level concurrent programming language bringing together the merits of logic and object-oriented programming. Our starting point was concurrent constraint programming 14], which brings together ideas from constraint and concurrent logic programming. Constraint logic programming 8, 1], on the one hand, originated with Prolog II 4] and was prompted by the need to integrate numbers and
Repeated treatment protocols for melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis (ADM; acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules) are both seen most commonly symmetrically on the face of women with darker skin and are also known as difficult conditions to treat.


METHODS
Our topical bleaching protocol with 0.1 to 0.4% tretinoin gel and 5% hydroquinone was performed repeatedly (1-3 times) for melasma (n=163), and a combination treatment with topical bleaching and Q-switched ruby (QSR) laser was performed repeatedly (1-3 times) for ADM (n=62).


RESULTS
There is a significant correlation between clinical results (clearance of pigmentation) and the number of sessions in both melasma (p=.019) and ADM (p<.0001).


CONCLUSION
The repeated treatment protocol for melasma and ADM showed successful clinical results compared with conventional ones, and they may be applied to other pigment conditions. It may be better that epidermal and dermal pigmentations are treated separately, especially in dark-skinned people who are more likely to suffer postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after inflammation-inducing therapies.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays for medical imaging

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) bring the fabrication technology of standard integrated circuits into the field of ultrasound medical imaging. This unique property, combined with the inherent advantages of CMUTs in terms of increased bandwidth and suitability for new imaging modalities and high frequency applications, have indicated these devices as new generation arrays for acoustic imaging. The advances in microfabrication have made possible to fabricate, in few years, silicon-based electrostatic transducers competing in performance with the piezoelectric transducers. This paper summarizes the fabrication, design, modeling, and characterization of 1D CMUT linear arrays for medical imaging, established in our laboratories during the past 3 years. Although the viability of our CMUT technology for applications in diagnostic echographic imaging is demonstrated, the whole process from silicon die to final probe is not fully mature yet for successful practical applications. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
End-to-end reliability analysis of an IoT based smart agriculture

End-to-end reliability of a computer network has been widely researched to improve the performance of the system. This paper evaluates end-to-end reliability characteristics of two main IoT communication network architectures through main reliability network parameters by using OPNET. The reliability effects when increasing the number of sensor nodes are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show exciting reliability features of the intended IoT communication architecture.
Hearing Is Believing: Biologically Inspired Methods for Robust Automatic Speech Recognition

The feature extraction stage of speech recognition is important historically and is the subject of much current research, particularly to promote robustness to acoustic disturbances such as additive noise and reverberation. Biologically inspired and biologically related approaches are an important subset of feature extraction methods for ASR.