LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Survey of optical indoor positioning systems

Recent advances in CCD technologies, processing speed and image understanding have been driving the development of the camera-based positioning systems. An improved performance of optical systems has triggered image based positioning methods to become an attractive alternative for applications in industrial metrology as well as for robot- and pedestrian navigation. This paper provides a survey of current optical indoor positioning approaches. Different systems are briefly described and categorized based on how the images are referenced to the environment.
Phase I Study of FixedDoseRate Infusion ofGemcitabine in Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasible dose of gemcitabine when administered as a fixed dose rate infusion (10 mg/m/min) on a weekly schedule to Japanese patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients were required to have histologically or cytologically proven locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer for which they had received no previous chemotherapy. Gemcitabine was administered intravenously weekly for three consecutive weeks every 4weeks.Patientsat threedose levelswerescheduled to receiveescalating dosesof gemcitabine: 1000 mg/m over 100 min (Level 1), 1200 mg/m over 120 min (Level 2) and 1500 mg/m over 150 min (Level 3). Results:A total of 16patientswereenrolled in thisstudybetweenDecember2003andSeptember 2004. Maximum-tolerated dose was not reached during the first course. Dose-limiting toxicity was Grade 4 neutropenia. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed at Level 3 in all six patients in the first course, and administration of gemcitabine on Day 8 or 15 was skipped in all six patients. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild and the most common symptoms were anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Partial response was achieved in 1 of the 17 patients (7%). Median overall survival was 7.3 months. Conclusions: Gemcitabine administered at a rate of 10 mg/m/min was tolerated up to 1500 mg/m, but 1200 mg/m represented a more appropriate recommended dose in further studies owing to neutropenia in Japanese patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
iFogSim: A Toolkit for Modeling and Simulation of Resource Management Techniques in Internet of Things, Edge and Fog Computing Environments

Correspondence Harshit Gupta, School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. Email: harshitg@gatech.edu Summary Internet of Things (IoT) aims to bring every object (eg, smart cameras, wearable, environmental sensors, home appliances, and vehicles) online, hence generating massive volume of data that can overwhelm storage systems and data analytics applications. Cloud computing offers services at the infrastructure level that can scale to IoT storage and processing requirements. However, there are applications such as health monitoring and emergency response that require low latency, and delay that is caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact their performances. To overcome this limitation, Fog computing paradigm has been proposed, where cloud services are extended to the edge of the network to decrease the latency and network congestion. To realize the full potential of Fog and IoT paradigms for real-time analytics, several challenges need to be addressed. The first and most critical problem is designing resource management techniques that determine which modules of analytics applications are pushed to each edge device to minimize the latency and maximize the throughput. To this end, we need an evaluation platform that enables the quantification of performance of resource management policies on an IoT or Fog computing infrastructure in a repeatable manner. In this paper we propose a simulator, called iFogSim, to model IoT and Fog environments and measure the impact of resource management techniques in latency, network congestion, energy consumption, and cost. We describe two case studies to demonstrate modeling of an IoT environment and comparison of resource management policies. Moreover, scalability of the simulation toolkit of RAM consumption and execution time is verified under different circumstances.
Performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of appendicitis in children in a multicenter cohort.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to assess the test characteristics of ultrasound (US) in diagnosing appendicitis in children and to evaluate site-related variations based on the frequency of its use. Additionally, the authors assessed the test characteristics of US when the appendix was clearly visualized.


METHODS
This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, 10-center observational study. Children aged 3 to 18 years with acute abdominal pain concerning for appendicitis were enrolled. US was performed at the discretion of the treating physician.


RESULTS
Of 2,625 patients enrolled, 965 (36.8%) underwent abdominal US. US had an overall sensitivity of 72.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58.8% to 86.3%) and specificity 97.0% (95% CI = 96.2% to 97.9%) in diagnosing appendicitis. US sensitivity was 77.7% at the three sites (combined) that used it in 90% of cases, 51.6% at a site that used it in 50% of cases, and 35% at the four remaining sites (combined) that used it in 9% of cases. US retained a high specificity of 96% to 99% at all sites. Of the 469 (48.6%) cases across sites where the appendix was clearly visualized on US, its sensitivity was 97.9% (95% CI = 95.2% to 99.9%), with a specificity of 91.7% (95% CI = 86.7% to 96.7%).


CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasound sensitivity and the rate of visualization of the appendix on US varied across sites and appeared to improve with more frequent use. US had universally high sensitivity and specificity when the appendix was clearly identified. Other diagnostic modalities should be considered when the appendix is not definitively visualized by US.
Power divider in ridge gap waveguide technology

A power divider in ridge gap waveguide technology has been designed to work at 15GHz. Measurements and simulations are provided. Besides, a broad numerical study of the characteristic impedance of a ridge gap waveguide is presented.
Blurring correction for aerial image formed by dihedral corner reflector array

A method to improve blurring in an aerial image formed by a novel optical imaging element consisting of micro mirror array is proposed. This method is based on prior inverse filtering with a point-spread function.
Differential regulation of psychostimulant-induced gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and the immediate-early gene Arc in the juvenile and adult brain.

Psychostimulant drugs are widely used in children for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Recent animal studies have suggested that exposure to these agents in early life could be detrimental to brain development. Here, for the first time, the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) and D-amphetamine (AMPH) on the expression of two key genes for neuronal development and plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) and the effector immediate early gene activity-regulated, cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), was examined in both juvenile and adult rats. Both MPH [2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] and AMPH (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced marked decreases of bdnf mRNA in hippocampal and cortical brain regions of juveniles, whereas effects in adults were significantly less (hippocampus) or opposite (frontal cortex). In comparison, Arc mRNA was decreased (hippocampus and parietal cortex), largely unaffected (frontal cortex) or increased (striatum) in juveniles, whereas in adults, Arc mRNA increased in most brain regions. MPH-induced locomotion was also measured, and showed a much smaller increase in juveniles than in adults. In summary, our data show that the effects of MPH and AMPH on expression of the neurodevelopmentally important genes, bdnf and Arc, differ markedly in juvenile and adult rats, with juveniles showing evidence of brain region-specific decreases in both genes. These age-dependent effects on gene expression may be linked with the reported long-term harmful effects of psychostimulants in animal models.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome

The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a possible cause for anterior knee pain, which predominantly affects young female patients without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant chondral damage. This literature review has shown that PFPS development is probably multifactorial with various functional disorders of the lower extremity. Biomechanical studies described patellar maltracking and dynamic valgus in PFPS patients (functional malalignment). Causes for the dynamic valgus may be decreased strength of the hip abductors or abnormal rear-foot eversion with pes pronatus valgus. PFPS is further associated with vastus medialis/vastus lateralis dysbalance, hamstring tightness or iliotibial tract tightness. The literature provides evidence for a multimodal non-operative therapy concept with short-term use of NSAIDs, short-term use of a medially directed tape and exercise programmes with the inclusion of the lower extremity, and hip and trunk muscles. There is also evidence for the use of patellar braces and foot orthosis. A randomized controlled trial has shown that arthroscopy is not the treatment of choice for treatment of PFPS without any structural changes. Patients with anterior knee pain have to be examined carefully with regard to functional causes for a PFPS. The treatment of PFPS patients is non-operative and should address the functional causes. Level of evidence V.
Randomized withdrawal of long-term prednisolone treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: effects on inflammation and bone mineral density.

OBJECTIVE
Short-term, low-dose glucocorticoid (GC) treatment has anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, scientific support for long-term, low-dose GC treatment, although widespread, is poor, and information on the effects on bone density is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate how long-term GC treatment in RA affects inflammation as well as bone density, and also to investigate the feasibility of withdrawal of GC.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-eight patients with RA treated with 5-7.5 mg prednisolone daily for at least 2 years were randomized either to withdraw or to continue GC treatment. The patients were followed prospectively for 2 years with respect to disease activity [using the Disease Activity Score calculated for 28 joints, (DAS28)], functional ability [using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score] and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip.


RESULTS
Only 11 patients out of 26 randomized to stop GC treatment and available for outcome measures succeeded in stopping the GC medication within 1 year. Fifteen patients failed withdrawal of GC because of increased joint symptoms. A higher mean DAS28 during the study was associated with loss of bone mass in the trochanter. The group that continued with unchanged GC treatment did not deteriorate in BMD during the 2 years but in fact Z-scores improved significantly.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that low-dose GC treatment after several years has persisting anti-inflammatory effects in RA and no further negative impact on BMD. It thus seems to be more important to control disease activity than withdraw low-dose GC treatment in this population considering bone health.
Changes in Soil Properties and Carbon Content Following Compost Application: Results of On-farm Sampling

In the emerging effort to reduce greenhouse gasses, landfill diversion of organics has primarily been recognized as a means to reduce methane emissions into the atmosphere (Brown et al. 2008; USEPA 2006, 2007a, 2007b, Pipatti et al. 2006, Clean Development Mechanism 2008; Chicago Climate Exchange 2009). However, there is a growing recognition of the indirect GHG benefits associated with using organic amendments on soils. These are based both on smaller, yet significant, GHG benefits as well as increased soil health in cases where organic amendments are regularly applied. A large number of studies have shown increased soil carbon concentrations when manures, composts or municipal biosolids are land applied (Aggelides et al. 2001; Albaladejo et al. 2008; Favoino and Hogg 2008; Izaurralde et al. 2001; Kong et al. 2005; Schroder et al. 2008; Smith et al. 2007). Increasing soil carbon is a cost-effective means to sequester carbon that provides a range of ancillary benefits. These potential benefits include increased water holding capacity, increased water infiltration rates, reduced bulk density, improved soil tilth (i.e., health and workability of soil), reduced erosion potential, decreased need for herbicides and pesticides, reduced fertilizer requirements, and improved yields and/or crop quality (eg. Cogger et al. 2008; Favoino and Hogg 2008; Izaurralde et al. 2001; Khaleel et al. 1981; Recycled Organics Unit 2006). In combination, these benefits can result in sustainable management of agricultural soils as well as increased profitability and competitiveness for agriculture. The potential for expanded use of organic soil amendments is particularly pertinent for agriculture in California. Organic materials (leaves, grass, food scraps, etc,) comprise a significant category of recyclable wastes being disposed of in California landfills, despite an aggressive landfill diversion mandate. A statewide waste characterization study (California Integrated Waste Management Board 2004) identified that seven of the top ten materials disposed in California landfills were organic materials (many of which could be composted. Diverting organic materials from landfills is a key aspect of achieving and maintaining California’s 50 percent recycling goal set by AB 939, the Integrated Waste Management Act (http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Laws/Legislation/calhist/1985to1989. htm). Diverted organics can be used as feedstocks for the production of compost for use as a soil amendment. Quantifying benefits associated with use of compost in agricultural soils is a key component to creating market demand for compost produced from landfilldiverted organics. Agriculture is a major industry in Compost Science & Utilization, (2011), Vol. 19, No. 1, 88-97
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions Involving Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004), a Multimodal Antidepressant

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The identification and quantification of potential drug-drug interactions is important for avoiding or minimizing the interaction-induced adverse events associated with specific drug combinations. Clinical studies in healthy subjects were performed to evaluate potential pharmacokinetic interactions between vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) and co-administered agents, including fluconazole (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A inhibitor), ketoconazole (CYP3A and P-glycoprotein inhibitor), rifampicin (CYP inducer), bupropion (CYP2D6 inhibitor and CYP2B6 substrate), ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (CYP3A substrates) and omeprazole (CYP2C19 substrate and inhibitor).


METHODS
The ratio of central values of the test treatment to the reference treatment for relevant parameters (e.g., area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] and maximum plasma concentration [C max]) was used to assess pharmacokinetic interactions.


RESULTS
Co-administration of vortioxetine had no effect on the AUC or C max of ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel or 5'-hydroxyomeprazole, or the AUC of bupropion; the 90 % confidence intervals for these ratios of central values were within 80-125 %. Steady-state AUC and C max of vortioxetine increased when co-administered with bupropion (128 and 114 %, respectively), fluconazole (46 and 15 %, respectively) and ketoconazole (30 and 26 %, respectively), and decreased by 72 and 51 %, respectively, when vortioxetine was co-administered with rifampicin. Concomitant therapy was generally well tolerated; most adverse events were mild or moderate in intensity.


CONCLUSION
Dosage adjustment may be required when vortioxetine is co-administered with bupropion or rifampicin.
Wenn Migranten Migranten befragen. Zum Teilnahmeverhalten von Einwanderern bei Bevölkerungsbefragungen

Zusammenfassung: Anhand einer quantitativen Befragung türkischer Einwanderer in Mannheim (N = 759) wird die Interviewteilnahme von Migranten als mehrstufiger Prozess untersucht. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, die typischen „Problemgruppen“ bei Befragungen dieser Population zu identifizieren. Hierzu wird erstens anhand von Erfahrungsberichten aus anderen Studien gezeigt, dass bei weiblichen, älteren und weniger gut „assimilierten“ Migranten besonders hohe Ausfälle zu erwarten sind. Zweitens werden verschiedene mögliche Maßnahmen bei der Feldarbeit dargestellt, die geeignet erscheinen, um diese Ausfälle zu verhindern (zweisprachige Interviewer und Erhebungsinstrumente, geschlechterhomogene Zuordnung von Interviewern und Zielpersonen, lange Feldzeit etc.). Drittens wird untersucht, wie sich diese Maßnahmen auf das Teilnahmeverhalten unterschiedlicher sozio-demographischer Subgruppen auswirken. Dabei wird zum einen das Teilnahmeverhalten der befragten türkischen Migranten mit dem von Deutschen verglichen. Zum anderen wird die Nettostichprobe der Befragung in Mannheim auf subgruppenspezifische Ausfälle hin untersucht, indem sie mit den Nettostichproben anderer Befragungen von Nichtdeutschen verglichen wird. Es zeigt sich, dass bei der Verwendung zweisprachiger Erhebungsinstrumente systematische Ausfälle nur bei älteren Migranten zu erwarten sind.
miR-17 overexpression in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells decreases interleukin-8 production.

Interleukin (IL)-8 levels are higher than normal in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, causing neutrophil infiltration and non-resolving inflammation. Overexpression of microRNAs that target IL-8 expression in airway epithelial cells may represent a therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis. IL-8 protein and mRNA were measured in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial brushings (n=20 per group). miRNAs decreased in the cystic fibrosis lung and predicted to target IL-8 mRNA were quantified in βENaC-transgenic, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr)-/- and wild-type mice, primary cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells and a range of cystic fibrosis versus non-cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell lines or cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, Pseudomonas-conditioned medium or cystic fibrosis bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The effect of miRNA overexpression on IL-8 protein production was measured. miR-17 regulates IL-8 and its expression was decreased in adult cystic fibrosis bronchial brushings, βENaC-transgenic mice and bronchial epithelial cells chronically stimulated with Pseudomonas-conditioned medium. Overexpression of miR-17 inhibited basal and agonist-induced IL-8 protein production in F508del-CFTR homozygous CFTE29o(-) tracheal, CFBE41o(-) and/or IB3 bronchial epithelial cells. These results implicate defective CFTR, inflammation, neutrophilia and mucus overproduction in regulation of miR-17. Modulating miR-17 expression in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells may be a novel anti-inflammatory strategy for cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
Understanding the Effects of Violent Video Games on Violent Crime

Psychological studies invariably find a positive relationship between violent video game play and aggression. However, these studies cannot account for either aggressive effects of alternative activities video game playing substitutes for or the possible selection of relatively violent people into playing violent video games. That is, they lack external validity. We investigate the relationship between the prevalence of violent video games and violent crimes. Our results are consistent with two opposing effects. First, they support the behavioral effects as in the psychological studies. Second, they suggest a larger voluntary incapacitation effect in which playing either violent or non-violent games decrease crimes. Overall, violent video games lead to decreases in violent crime. JEL Codes: D08, K14, L86
A survey on the communication architectures in smart grid

The next-generation electric power systems (smart grid) are studied intensively as a promising solution for energy crisis. One important feature of the smart grid is the integration of high-speed, reliable and secure data communication networks to manage the complex power systems effectively and intelligently. We provide in this paper a comprehensive survey on the communication architectures in the power systems, including the communication network compositions, technologies, functions, requirements, and research challenges. As these communication networks are responsible for delivering power system related messages, we discuss specifically the network implementation considerations and challenges in the power system settings. This survey attempts to summarize the current state of research efforts in the communication networks of smart grid, which may help us identify the research problems in the continued studies. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
DAVID Knowledgebase: a gene-centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high-throughput gene functional analysis

Due to the complex and distributed nature of biological research, our current biological knowledge is spread over many redundant annotation databases maintained by many independent groups. Analysts usually need to visit many of these bioinformatics databases in order to integrate comprehensive annotation information for their genes, which becomes one of the bottlenecks, particularly for the analytic task associated with a large gene list. Thus, a highly centralized and ready-to-use gene-annotation knowledgebase is in demand for high throughput gene functional analysis. The DAVID Knowledgebase is built around the DAVID Gene Concept, a single-linkage method to agglomerate tens of millions of gene/protein identifiers from a variety of public genomic resources into DAVID gene clusters. The grouping of such identifiers improves the cross-reference capability, particularly across NCBI and UniProt systems, enabling more than 40 publicly available functional annotation sources to be comprehensively integrated and centralized by the DAVID gene clusters. The simple, pair-wise, text format files which make up the DAVID Knowledgebase are freely downloadable for various data analysis uses. In addition, a well organized web interface allows users to query different types of heterogeneous annotations in a high-throughput manner. The DAVID Knowledgebase is designed to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis. For a given gene list, it not only provides the quick accessibility to a wide range of heterogeneous annotation data in a centralized location, but also enriches the level of biological information for an individual gene. Moreover, the entire DAVID Knowledgebase is freely downloadable or searchable at http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/knowledgebase/ .