LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Political Violence on Children a Consideration of South African and Related Studies

Abstract This paper considers two propositions which have recently been advanced in debates in South Africa and elsewhere. The first is that children exposed to political violence will necessarily be emotionally damaged by the experience. The sccond is that exposed children will be socialised to endorse violence as a dominant mode of conflict resolution. Both these propositions are contested by referring to research conducted in South Africa and abroad. It is argued that attempts to understand the psychological sequellac of exposure to political violence need to take into account a number of interlinked factors. These include the type of political violence experienced, the child's developmental level and the availability of supports in the family and community. The evidence suggests that there is no simple relationship between exposure to violence and psychological disturbance or endorsement of violent conduct by children.
Thermoelectric properties of molybdenum oxides LnMo8O14 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm)

Abstract The series LnMo 8 O 14 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm) containing bicapped Mo 8 clusters was synthesized via solid state reaction at 1673 K. Oxides of this type were reported to be narrow gap semiconductors. Our Seebeck coefficient measurements show that some of these reduced molybdenum oxides exhibit a thermopower of above −100 μV/K at room temperature, which is promising for the thermoelectric application. The highest power factor of 71 μW/mK 2 was obtained for SmMo 8 O 14 at 1152 K.
Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA): Central Porto high-speed railway station

Over recent years, Portugal has been working towards their integration in the trans-European high-speed railway network. While in Spain several new high-speed lines are already under construction or beginning operation, in Portugal the necessary studies are still being carried out. One of these studies concerned the location of one of the high-speed railway stations to be built in the city of Porto, meant to connect the second most populated metropolitan area in Portugal to the high-speed railway network. The goal for the study was to compare alternative siting strategies, defined by the Portuguese high-speed railway authority. These strategies were materialized in a set of location alternatives, which were evaluated from a range of technical, economical, social and environmental criteria. This paper describes the multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach by which the best alternative was identified from the given set of possible alternatives. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prefrontal cortex white matter tracts in prodromal Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is most widely known for its selective degeneration of striatal neurons but there is also growing evidence for white matter (WM) deterioration. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a large-scale analysis using multisite diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography data to quantify diffusivity properties along major prefrontal cortex WM tracts in prodromal HD. Fifteen international sites participating in the PREDICT-HD study collected imaging and neuropsychological data on gene-positive HD participants without a clinical diagnosis (i.e., prodromal) and gene-negative control participants. The anatomical prefrontal WM tracts of the corpus callosum (PFCC), anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFO), and uncinate fasciculi (UNC) were identified using streamline tractography of DWI. Within each of these tracts, tensor scalars for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity coefficients were calculated. We divided prodromal HD subjects into three CAG-age product (CAP) groups having Low, Medium, or High probabilities of onset indexed by genetic exposure. We observed significant differences in WM properties for each of the four anatomical tracts for the High CAP group in comparison to controls. Additionally, the Medium CAP group presented differences in the ATR and IFO in comparison to controls. Furthermore, WM alterations in the PFCC, ATR, and IFO showed robust associations with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. These results suggest long-range tracts essential for cross-region information transfer show early vulnerability in HD and may explain cognitive problems often present in the prodromal stage. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3717-3732, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The human vector magnetogastrogram and magnetoenterogram

Electrical activity in the gastrointestinal system produces magnetic fields that may be measured with superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers. Although typical magnetometers have detection coils that measure a single component of the magnetic field, gastric and intestinal magnetic fields are vector quantities. We recorded gastric and intestinal magnetic fields from nine abdominal sections in nine normal human volunteers using a vector magnetometer that measures all three Cartesian components of the magnetic field vector. A vector projection technique was utilized to separate the magnetic field vectors corresponding to gastric and intestinal activity. The gastric magnetic field vector was oriented in a cephalad direction, consistent with previously observed data, and displayed oscillatory characteristics of gastric electrical activity (f=3.03/spl plusmn/0.18 cycles/min). Although the small bowel magnetic field vector showed no consistent orientation, the characteristic frequency gradient of the small bowel electrical activity was observed. Gastric and intestinal magnetic field vectors were oriented in different directions and were thus distinguished by the vector projection technique. The observed difference in direction of gastric and intestinal magnetic field vectors indicates that vector recordings dramatically increase the ability to separate physiological signal components from nonphysiological components and to distinguish between different physiological components.
The ASD Friendly Classroom - Design Complexity, Challenge & Characteristics

As architects and designers we have a responsibility to provide an inclusive built environment. For the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) sufferer however, the built environment can be a frightening and confusing place, difficult to negotiate and tolerate. The challenge of integrating more fully into society is denied by an alienating built environment. For ASD pupils in a poorly designed classroom, their environment can distance them from learning. Instead, if more at ease in their surroundings, in an ASD friendly environment, the ASD pupil stands a greater chance of doing better. This paper sets out the triad of challenges faced by designers when considering the ASD friendly environment and then examines lessons to be learnt from 9 studied ASD friendly classrooms in a Northern Ireland context. The objective is straightforward. By increasing the awareness of the ASD friendly classroom it will hopefully facilitate greater inclusion of the ASD pupil into mainstream education and society at large.
Guidelines, icons and marketable skills: an accessibility evaluation of 100 web development company homepages

Accessible websites are increasingly desired by clients with many web developers listing accessibility as a skill offered by their companies. An accessibility and validation study of 100 UK web development company homepages found that, while the skill set is gaining popularity in terms of visibility, the mention of accessibility on a developer website has no impact in terms of the actual accessibility of the homepage. The presence of validation and conformance icons for XHTML, CSS, WCAG 1.0 and 2.0 also does not necessarily reflect the current state of the site, which may have changed multiple times since the validation occurred. Accessibility errors are still common, with missing alt text and labels and poor keyboard accessibility in terms of keyboard traps as well as omission of "lang" attributes and reused id attribute values listed among the most frequent barriers encountered.
Perioperative outcome of colorectal cancer and validation of CR-POSSUM in a Caribbean country.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk-adjusted perioperative outcome of colorectal cancer surgery, applying the Colorectal Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity (CR-POSSUM).


METHODS
A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery from 2004 to 2007 was done. Data including demographics and physiological data for CR-POSSUM were recorded. Predicted mortality was calculated; validation of CR-POSSUM was done using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analyses.


RESULTS
232 patients were studied. The overall mean CR-POSSUM score was 18.3+/-3.8 (SD). Predicted mortality was 7.7%, observed mortality was 6.9% and the standardized mortality ratio was 0.9. 34.4% of patients presented with Duke's Stage C or D and had a higher risk of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.1, 9.1). Emergency surgery was associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.5, 14.1). CR-POSSUM calibrated well (Hosmer-Lemeshow Chi-square value 4.3; df: 8; p=0.82) and fairly discriminated outcome as shown by the area under the ROC Curve 0.69, (Standard Error: 0.07).


CONCLUSIONS
Perioperative outcome of colorectal surgery in Trinidad and Tobago is comparable to the developed countries as evaluated by the CR-POSSUM. Patients presenting for emergency surgery and those with advanced stages of cancer had higher perioperative mortality.
Reasons of the Heart : Art and the shaping of modern politics

Since the advent of what Germain Bazin famously described as the “museum age”, many have argued  that “art”, as a mode of creative production rooted in aesthetics, has become increasingly rarified, ...
Scientometric analysis and mapping of scientific articles on Behcet's disease.

BACKGROUND
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis disease with oral and genital aphthous ulceration, uveitis, skin manifestations, arthritis and neurological involvement. Many investigators have published articles on BD in the last two decades since introduction of diagnosis criteria by the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease in 1990. However, there is no scientometric analysis available for this increasing amount of literature.


METHODS
A scientometric analysis method was used to achieve a view of scientific articles about BD which were published between 1990 and 2010, by data retrieving from ISI Web of Science. The specific features such as publication year, language of article, geographical distribution, main journal in this field, institutional affiliation and citation characteristics were retrieved and analyzed. International collaboration was analyzed using Intcoll and Pajek softwares.


RESULTS
There was a growing trend in the number of BD articles from 1990 to 2010. The number of citations to BD literature also increased around 5.5-fold in this period. The countries found to have the highest output were Turkey, Japan, the USA and England; the first two universities were from Turkey. Most of the top 10 journals publishing BD articles were in the field of rheumatology, consistent with the subject areas of the articles. There was a correlation between the citations per paper and the impact factor of the publishing journal.


CONCLUSION
This is the first scientometric analysis of BD, showing the scientometric characteristics of ISI publications on BD.
A low-phase-noise wide-band CMOS quadrature VCO for multi-standard RF front-ends

A low phase noise CMOS LC quadrature VCO (QVCO) with a wide frequency range of 3.6-5.6 GHz, designed in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m process for multi-standard front-ends, is presented. A significant advantage of the topology is the larger oscillation amplitude when compared to other conventional QVCO structures. The QVCO is compared to a double cross-coupled LC-tank differential oscillator, both in theory and experiments, for evaluation of its phase noise, providing a good insight into its performance. The measured data displays up to 2 dBc/Hz lower phase noise in the 1/f/sup 2/ region for the QVCO, when consuming twice the current of the differential VCO, based on an identical LC-tank. Experimental results on the QVCO show a phase noise level of -127.5 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from a 5.6 GHz carrier while dissipating 8 mA of current, resulting in a figure of merit of 181.3 dBc/Hz.
LATINIZED, IMPROVED LHS, AND CVT POINT SETS IN HYPERCUBES

Abstract. It is shown how an arbitrary set of points in the hypercube can be Latinized, i.e., can be transformed into a point set that has the Latin hypercube property. The effect of Latinization on the star discrepancy and other uniformity measures of a point set is analyzed. For a few selected but representative point sampling methods, evidence is provided to show that Latinization lowers the star discrepancy measure. A novel point sampling method is presented based on centroidal Voronoi tessellations of the hypercube. These point sets have excellent volumetric distributions, but have poor star discrepancies. Evidence is given that the Latinization of CVT points sets greatly lowers their star discrepancy measure but still preserves superior volumetric uniformity. As a result, means for determining improved Latin hypercube point samples are given.
“No Stranger in Foreign Lands”: Francisco de Hollanda and the Translation of Italian Art and Art Theory

The chapters in this volume share an aim to historicize the role of the translator as a cultural and political agent in the early modern West.
Information security risk management for computerized health information systems in hospitals: a case study of Iran

BACKGROUND
In recent years, hospitals in Iran - similar to those in other countries - have experienced growing use of computerized health information systems (CHISs), which play a significant role in the operations of hospitals. But, the major challenge of CHIS use is information security. This study attempts to evaluate CHIS information security risk management at hospitals of Iran.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This applied study is a descriptive and cross-sectional research that has been conducted in 2015. The data were collected from 551 hospitals of Iran. Based on literature review, experts' opinion, and observations at five hospitals, our intensive questionnaire was designed to assess security risk management for CHISs at the concerned hospitals, which was then sent to all hospitals in Iran by the Ministry of Health.


RESULTS
Sixty-nine percent of the studied hospitals pursue information security policies and procedures in conformity with Iran Hospitals Accreditation Standards. At some hospitals, risk identification, risk evaluation, and risk estimation, as well as risk treatment, are unstructured without any specified approach or methodology. There is no significant structured approach to risk management at the studied hospitals.


CONCLUSION
Information security risk management is not followed by Iran's hospitals and their information security policies. This problem can cause a large number of challenges for their CHIS security in future. Therefore, Iran's Ministry of Health should develop practical policies to improve information security risk management in the hospitals of Iran.
Проблема традиции в истории филисовской мысли

This article discusses the development of the concept of "tradition" and its emergence as a philosopher-ray category. Category of "tradition" is one of the basic concepts of public-term development, as an explanation of the transition from "traditional" society "tseleratsional-Nome" is one of the cornerstones of philosophical and sociological theory.
Twenty Years of Revolutionary-Democratic Ethiopia

[This paper introduces] a special issue of the Journal of Eastern African Studies devoted to a review of Ethiopia's 20 years of "revolutionary democracy". The collection brings together 11 articles exploring differing aspects of Ethiopia's political experience since 1991. This introduction begins with a short summary of these 11 papers, but then moves to a substantive review of Ethiopia's political history over the past two decades, featuring consideration of the extent of transformation and continuity under the ruling Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), the importance of economic issues in defining government policies, and the significance of development and relations with donors. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Perception of Effort During Activity in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

BACKGROUND
Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are used to monitor and prescribe exercise intensity for a variety of patient populations. It is important to understand RPE in different patient populations to ensure appropriate prescriptions and maximize the likelihood of adherence. Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are a constellation of diseases that are associated frequently with fatigue, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular disease, all targets for prescription of exercise. However, there have been no investigations of the correlates of RPE in those with CLD.


OBJECTIVE
To correlate RPE during a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) with biological/physiological measures in subjects with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).


DESIGN
Observational analytical study.


SETTING
Specialty clinic.


PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 51 subjects with NAFLD or CH-C (age: 51.1 ± 8.8 years, 35% female) was enrolled. Subjects receiving antiviral therapies or those with recent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal comorbidities affecting exertion were excluded.


METHODS
Participants underwent fasting morning venipuncture, and resting cardiorespiratory data were collected. Then the participants completed a 6MWT. At the conclusion of the 6MWT, participants reported their RPE, and cardiorespiratory data were reassessed.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
RPE, 6MWT, resting/postexertion cardiorespiratory data (eg, heart rate, cardiac output), Human Activity Profile (HAP), fasting morning glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), lipids, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were determined.


RESULTS
For the entire group, RPE was significantly correlated to serum IL-8 and GLU but not to the other factors. When we controlled for age and triglycerides, RPE remained significantly related to GLU (rs = 0.54; P = .04), maximal activity level (HAP) (rs = 0.58; P = .03), and distance walked (rs = 0.61; P = .03) in those with NAFLD. In those with CH-C, only IL-8 remained a strong correlate of RPE (rs = 0.54; P = .01).


CONCLUSIONS
In individuals with CH-C, RPE was related to an inflammatory factor, whereas in individuals with NAFLD, RPE was related to a metabolic and a lifestyle factor.
Evaluating Machine Creativity

We consider aspects pertinent to evaluating creativity to b e input, output and the process by which the output is achieved. These issues may be further divided, and we highlight associated justifications and controversies. Appropriate meth ods of measuring these aspects are suggested and discussed.
Balance disorders in the elderly

Good balance is an imperative skill for daily life that requires the complex integration of sensory information regarding the position of the body relative to the surroundings and the ability to generate appropriate motor responses to control body movement. Balance calls upon contributions from vision, vestibular sense, proprioception, muscle strength and reaction time. With increased age, there is a progressive loss of functioning of these systems which can contribute to balance deficits. Balance disorders represent a growing public health concern due to the association with falls and fall-related injuries, particularly in regions of the world in which high proportions of the population are elderly. Falls present one of the most serious and costly problems associated with older adulthood. Falls can mark the beginning of a decline in function and independence and are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalisation in older people. One in three people over the age of 65 years who are living in the community experience at least one fall each year and 10-15% of these falls are associated with serious injury. In economic terms, the direct and indirect costs associated with falls are large and will grow as the proportion of older people increases. Consequently, understanding age-related changes in the physiological systems imperative to balance is of utmost importance to prevent falls in older people and reduce the injury-related burden on individuals and society.
Total phallic reconstruction in female-to-male transsexuals.

BACKGROUND
The goal of total phallic construction is the creation of a sensate and cosmetically acceptable phallus. An incorporated neourethra allows the patient to void while standing, and the insertion of a penile implant allows the patient to resume sexual activities, thus improving quality of life.


OBJECTIVE
To report our experience of total phallic construction with the use of the radial artery free flap in female-to-male transsexuals.


DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS
The notes of the 115 patients who underwent total phallic construction with the use of the radial artery-based forearm free flap between January 1998 and December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively.


MEASUREMENTS
The surgical outcome, cosmesis of the phallus, complications, eventual need for revision surgery, and patient satisfaction were recorded during the follow-up.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
This technique allowed the reconstruction of a cosmetically acceptable phallus in 112 patients; 3 patients lost the phallus due to venous thrombosis in the immediate postoperative period. After a median follow-up of 26 mo (range: 1-270 mo), 97% of patients are fully satisfied with cosmesis and size of the phallus. Sensation of the phallus was reported by 86% of patients. Urethral strictures and fistulae in the phallus and join-up site were the most common complications, occurring respectively in 9 and 20 patients; however, after revision surgery, 99% of patients were able to void from the tip of the phallus while standing.


CONCLUSIONS
The radial artery-based forearm free flap technique is excellent for total phallic construction, providing excellent cosmetic and functional results.
Acquired palsy of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves

There have been few studies primarily concerned with the relative frequencies, aetiologies and prognoses of ocular motor palsies. Those published have emanated largely from neurological tertiary referral centres rather than primary ophthalmology departments. We have performed a retrospective study of all patients with acquired III, IV or VI cranial nerve palsy who were seen in the orthoptic department at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, over the 9 year period from 1984 to 1992. A total of 165 cases were identified. VI nerve palsies accounted for the majority of patients (57%), with IV nerve palsies (21%) occurring more frequently than III nerve palsies (17%) and multiple palsies (5%). Thirty-five per cent of cases were of unknown aetiology and 32% of vascular aetiology. The incidence of sinister pathology - neoplasia (2%) and aneurysm (1%) - was surprisingly low. Fifty-seven per cent of all patients made a total recovery (in a median time of 3 months) and 80% made at least a partial recovery. The results are contrasted with those of previous studies and the value of associated symptoms and of further investigation in the assessment of these patients is discussed.