LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Physiological Requirements of the Mountain Bike Cross-Country Olympic Race Format

Objectives: To evaluate the physiological requirements imposed by the current mountain biking Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) format. Methods: Sixteen Cross-Country cyclists competing at national or international level participated in this study. All participants completed a simulated and a real official race on a cycling-accredited race track. Oxygen consumption (O2) and heart rate (HR) values expressed as %O2max and %HRmax, respectively, were divided into three physiological intensity zones. The first zone (Z1) was the physiological region below VT1, the second zone (Z2) corresponded to a region between VT1 and VT2, and the third zone (Z3) was located between VT2 and VO2max. For power output, an additional fourth zone was considered above maximal aerobic power (MAP). Results: When competing in the current XCO format, 37.0 ± 17.9% of the race is performed above the second ventilatory threshold at a mean intensity of 87% O2max and 25% of the race was spent above MAP. This contribution varied between laps, with a very high intensity during the first lap and more aerobic subsequent laps. The durations of most of the periods beyond MAP oscillated between 5 and 30 s. Between these short, repeated bursts, low-intensity periods of exercise were recorded. Conclusion: The current XCO race format is an acyclical and intermittent exercise comparable to high-intensity team sports. Moreover, our results highlight the relevance of O2 values when analyzing XCO performance, they should be combined with commonly used HR and/or power output data.
2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.

Mumps Update [October 2017]: The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) voted to change the recommendation of isolation for persons with mumps from 9 days to 5 days based on a 2008 MMWR report. (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740a3.htm accessed September 2018). Ebola Virus Disease Update [August 2014]: The recommendations in this guideline for Ebola has been superseded by these CDC documents: • Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Known or Suspected Ebola Virus Disease in U.S. Hospitals (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/clinicians/evd/infection-control.html accessed September 2018) • Interim Guidance for Environmental Infection Control in Hospitals for Ebola Virus (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/clinicians/cleaning/hospitals.html accessed September 2018) See CDC’s Ebola Virus Disease website (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ accessed September 2018) for current information on how Ebola virus is transmitted.
Somatotype and body composition analysis of Korean youth soccer players
according to playing position for sports physiotherapy research

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the somatotype and physical characteristic differences among elite youth soccer players. [Subjects and Methods] In the present study, we evaluated twenty-two Korean youth soccer players in different playing positions. The playing positions were divided into forward (FW), midfielder (MF), defender (DF), and goalkeeper (GK). The participants' lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured and their somatotype determined according to the Heath-Carter method. [Results] The youth soccer players had twelve ectomorphic, eight mesomorphic, and two central predominant types. The DFs were taller than, but otherwise similar in physical characteristics to the FWs and MFs. The GKs were taller and heavier than the other players; however, their somatotype components were not significantly different. LBM, FFM, and BMR were significantly higher in GKs than in FWs and MFs. Although LBM, FFM, and BMR values between GKs and DFs showed large differences, they were not statistically significant. [Conclusion] The present study may contribute to our understanding of the differences in somatotype and body composition of Korean youth soccer players involved in sports physiotherapy research.
2-Representations and Equivariant 2D Topological Field Theories

Following ideas of G. Moore and G. Segal, we explicitly construct a G-equivariant topological field theory from an arbitrary Frobenius algebra equipped with a twisted action of a finite group G.
Collaborative assessment and management of suicidality in an inpatient setting: results of a pilot study.

Patients hospitalized for psychiatric reasons exhibit significantly elevated risk of suicide, yet the research literature contains very few outcome studies of interventions designed for suicidal inpatients. This pilot study examined the inpatient feasibility and effectiveness of The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS), a structured evidence-based method for risk assessment and treatment planning (Jobes, 2006). The study used an open-trial, case-focused design to assess an inpatient adaptation of CAMS, spread over a period averaging 51 days. The intervention was provided via individual therapy to a convenience sample of 20 patients (16 females and four males, average age 36.9) who were hospitalized with recent histories of suicidal ideation and behavior. Results showed statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression, hopelessness, suicide cognitions, and suicidal ideation, as well as improvement on factors considered "drivers" of suicidality. Treatment effect sizes were in the large range (Cohen's d > .80) across several outcome measures, including suicidal ideation. Although these findings must be considered preliminary due to the lack of a randomized control group, they merit attention from clinicians working with patients at risk for suicide. This study also supports the feasibility of implementing a structured, suicide-specific intervention for at-risk patients in inpatient settings.
A Multidimensional View of Personal Health Systems for Underserved Populations

The advent of electronic personal health records (PHR) provides a major opportunity to encourage positive health management practices, such as chronic disease management. Yet, to date there has been little attention toward the use of PHRs where advanced health information services are perhaps most needed, namely, in underserved communities. Drawing upon research conducted with safety net providers and patients, the authors propose a multi-level analytical framework for guiding actions aimed at fostering PHR adoption and utilization. The authors first outline distinctive user and technical requirements that need to be considered. Next, they assess organizational requirements necessary to implement PHRs within health systems bound by limited resources. Finally, the authors analyze the overriding health care policy context that can facilitate or thwart such efforts. The conclusion notes that heightened national attention toward health information technology and reform provides a significant opportunity for initiatives whose goal is to increase widepread access to PHRs.
Differences in motor recruitment and resulting kinematics between low back pain patients and asymptomatic participants during lifting exertions.

BACKGROUND
Low back disorders are a prevalent problem in society today and may lead to chronic debilitating low back pain. Developing our understanding of temporal muscle and kinematic patterns during manual material handling tasks may provide insight for preventing the cascading series of events leading to chronic low back pain.


METHODS
Sixty-two low back pain patients and 61 asymptomatic participants performed a variety of lifting exertions that varied in lift origin horizontal and vertical distance, lift asymmetry, and weight. Electromyographic activity of 10 trunk muscles as well as trunk and pelvic kinematics was recorded during each exertion. Differences in muscle activation and kinematic parameters were compared between low back pain patients and asymptomatic participants as a function of experimental conditions.


FINDINGS
Both the left and right erector spinae activated significantly earlier and were on significantly longer in low back pain patients compared to asymptomatic participants. The horizontal and vertical location of the lift influenced the EMG and kinematic differences between the low back pain patients and asymptomatic participants.


INTERPRETATION
These finding indicate that low back pain patients would be exposed to increase muscle activity resulting in higher spine loads for a greater length of time compared to asymptomatic participants. The longer exposure time to increased spine load may lead to greater risk of future low back injury and cascading events leading to debilitating low back pain. The longer muscle activation time suggests that low back pain patients have changed their motor program from an open to a closed loop system.
Loyal to your city? A data mining analysis of a public service loyalty program

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Knowledge discovery Data mining CRM Behavioral data Loyalty card Customer loyalty programs are largely present in the private sector and have been elaborately studied. Applications from the private sector have found resonance in a public setting, however, simply extrapolating research results is not acceptable, as their rationale inherently differs. This study focuses on data from a loyalty program issued by the city of Antwerp (Belgium). The aim of the loyalty card entails large citizen participation, however, an active user base of only 20 % is reached. Predictive techniques are employed to increase this number. Using spatial behavioral user information, a Naive Bayes classifier and a Support Vector Machine are used which result in models capable of predicting whether a user will actively use its card, whether a user will defect in the near future and which locations a user will visit. Also, a projection of spatial behavioral data onto even more fine-grained spatio-temporal data is performed. The results are promising: the best model achieves an AUC value of 92.5 %, 85.5 % and 88.12 % (averaged over five locations) for the predictions, respectively. Moreover, as behavior is modeled in more detail, better predictions are made. Two main contributions are made in this study. First, as a theoretical contribution, fine-grained behavioral data contributes to a more sound decision-making process. Second, as a practical contribution, the city of Antwerp can now make tailored strategic decisions to increase its active user base. Since the evolution from a product-centric to a customer-centric approach, managing customer relationships has become a necessity for organizations [1]. Customers need to be understood on a per-customer basis in terms of their needs, preferences and potential [2,3]. Maintaining close ties to customers may lead to a competitive advantage and to customer loyalty [4]. In order for organizations to initiate and maintain connections to their customers, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are used. Data mining forms an integral part of these systems and provides insight into raw customer data [5]. Consequently, organizations can closely monitor their customers and anticipate accordingly through proactive marketing such as offering personalized incentives [5]. An important source for CRM data constitutes the output of loyalty programs and more specifically from loyalty cards [6]. Loyalty card data is typically characterized by a large sample of transactional data connected to the customers, for which also socio-demographic …
Depression and anxiety in patients with cancer.

### What you need to know

Advances in cancer treatments mean that half of people now diagnosed with cancer can expect to survive for at least 10 years,1 defining many cancers as long term conditions. Psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety are common, but often neglected, complications of cancer, influencing quality of life, adherence to treatment, cancer survival, and treatment costs.23 Depression and anxiety affect up to 20% and 10% of patients with cancer respectively, regardless of the point in the cancer trajectory, and whether in curative or palliative treatment.4 Geographical variations in the diagnosis and treatment of depression or anxiety in cancer settings implies under-recognition of these problems.5 Depression is associated with poor adherence to cancer treatment and poor cancer survival,6 and the increased risk of suicide in all patients with cancer7 is a concern.

This clinical update outlines the prevalence, aetiology, and management of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer to raise awareness among doctors of the need to address the psychiatric consequences of cancer.

### Sources and selection criteria

We conducted tumour-specific and treatment-specific PubMed searches, and used NICE …
Landscape and ideology : the English rustic tradition, 1740-1860

In this interdisciplinary study, Ann Bermingham explores the complex, ambiguous, and often contradictory relationship between English landscape painting and the socio-economic changes that accompanied enclosure and the Industrial Revolution.
Performance of the EXAcerbations of chronic pulmonary disease tool patient-reported outcome measure in three clinical trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

RATIONALE
The EXAcerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT) is a patient-reported outcome measure to standardize the symptomatic assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, including reported and unreported events. The instrument has been validated in a short-term study of patients with acute exacerbation and stable disease; its performance in longer-term studies has not been assessed.


OBJECTIVES
To test the EXACT's performance in three randomized controlled trials and describe the relationship between resource-defined medically treated exacerbations (MTEs) and symptom (EXACT)-defined events.


METHODS
Prespecified secondary analyses of data from phase II randomized controlled trials testing new drugs for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: one 6-month trial (United States) (n = 235) and two 3-month, multinational trials (AZ 1 [n = 749], AZ 2 [n = 597]). In each case, the experimental drugs were found to be ineffective, permitting assessment of the EXACT's performance in three independent studies of moderate to severe high-risk patients on maintenance therapies.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The mean age of subjects was 62 to 64 years; 48 to 76% were male. Mean FEV1 % predicted was 42 to 59%. EXACT scores exhibited internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.90), reproducibility (intraclass correlation ≥ 0.70), correlation with St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (Spearman rho [rs] = 0.62, 0.46, 0.46 in the three trials; P < 0.001), and Breathlessness Cough and Sputum Scale (AZ 1, rs = 0.83; AZ 2, rs = 0.83; P < 0.001). EXACT-defined events had a high correspondence with alternative indicators of worsening (94, 88, and 93%). In each trial, unreported events were similar in severity (mean EXACT score, 56, 57, 61 vs. 53, 54 [P < 0.05], 57 [P < 0.05], respectively; 100-point scale) and longer (median, 9, 8, 7 vs. 8, 7 [P < 0.01], 6 days, respectively) than moderate MTEs.


CONCLUSIONS
Data generated through the EXACT offers insight into the symptomatic nature of MTEs and the frequency, severity, and duration of unreported symptom-defined events. Clinical trials registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (MPEX: NCT00739648; AZ 1: NCT00949975; AZ 2: NCT01023516).
Efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended release in elderly primary insomnia patients.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended release for the treatment of primary insomnia in elderly patients.


METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted. A total of 205 (117 women, 88 men; mean age 70.2 +/- 4.5 years) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-defined primary insomnia patients were randomized to 3 weeks of nightly treatment with either zolpidem extended release 6.25 mg or placebo; 198 patients completed the study.


RESULTS
Relative to placebo, zolpidem extended release 6.25 mg significantly decreased wake time after sleep onset during the first six hours of the night, as measured by polysomnogram (PSG). PSG latency to persistent sleep was reduced and PSG total sleep time was increased, both at nights 1/2 and 15/16. Patient self-report measures were significantly better with zolpidem extended-release 6.25 mg than with placebo throughout treatment. Some PSG measures indicated a worsening of sleep for a single night after abrupt discontinuation of zolpidem extended release. No next-morning residual effects were observed. The overall incidence and nature of adverse events was comparable between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Zolpidem extended release 6.25 mg improved both sleep maintenance and sleep induction in elderly primary insomnia patients during three weeks of administration.
Lifting Wavelet Transform and Singular Values Decomposition for Secure Image Watermarking

In this paper, we present a technique of secure watermarking of grayscale and color images. This technique consists in applying the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in LWT (Lifting Wavelet Transform) domain in order to insert the watermark image (grayscale) in the host image (grayscale or color image). It also uses signature in the embedding and extraction steps. The technique is applied on a number of grayscale and color images. The performance of this technique is proved by the PSNR (Pick Signal to Noise Ratio), the MSE (Mean Square Error) and the SSIM (structural similarity) computations. Keywords—Color image, grayscale image, singular values decomposition, lifting wavelet transform, image watermarking, watermark, secure.
Development of Nanostructured Tungsten Based Composites for Energy Applications

Tungsten (W) based materials can be used in fusion reactors due to several advantages. Different fabrication routes can be applied to develop tungsten materials with intended microstructure and pro ...
[Validation of a screening questionnaire for activities of daily living (M-ADL) in handicapped children].

BACKGROUND
The issue to what extent acitivities of daily living are impaired becomes increasingly relevant for social integration and for the indication and evaluation of therapies in children with developmental disorders and handicaps. The study presents the validation of a screening questionnaire for activities in children (M-ADL).


PATIENTS
The validity of the M-ADL was examined in 2 studies with 3-7-year old children with the full spectrum of severity of cerebral palsy. In study I, the concurrent validity with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) has been studied in 33 children. In study II, the predictive validity was evaluated by comparing 63 handicapped children with a stratified sample of 217 normal children of the same age.


METHOD
The scales of the M-ADL covered eating/drinking, self care at home, toileting, manual ability (summarised as "self care") and mobility. In section A, a general estimation from 0 (full support) to 10 (independent) and in section B a rating based on preset graded scales is given. The correlation of the two ratings has been taken to estimate the criterion validity. Further, the subjective bias of the rater has been estimated by comparison of the absolute values in both sections between the groups.


RESULTS
The M-ADL domains showed a very good concurrent validity with those of the PEDI (r=.78-r=.92). The sensitivity and specificity were excellent, particularly for ratings in section B. The criterion validity was high (mobility domain r=.76, self care domain r=.82). Comparison of the subjective bias showed that parents of CP children over-estimated the activities level of their children compared with controls showing the same values in both sections (group differences, t-test: 95% CI for mobility 0.47-1.46, p<0.001, self care 0.91-1.48, p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The M-ADL is a valid standardised instrument of functional independence in handicapped children, which needs little time and requires no special training for the examiner. In addition to other ADL measures, manual ability, e.g. playing, doing handicrafts, using a pen, is rated. Further, a subjective bias of the raters can be estimated. The instrument may serve as a tool for quick information on the level of activities according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Low-dose paclitaxel prior to intratumoral dendritic cell vaccine modulates intratumoral cytokine network and lung cancer growth.

PURPOSE
The main goal of this study was to provide the "proof-of-principle" that low-dose paclitaxel is able to change the tumor microenvironment and improve the outcome of intratumoral dendritic cell vaccine in a murine lung cancer model.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We evaluated the antitumor potential and changes in the intratumoral milieu of a combination of low-dose chemotherapy and dendritic cell vaccine in the Lewis lung carcinoma model in vivo.


RESULTS
The low-dose paclitaxel, which induced apoptosis in approximately 10% of tumor cells, was not toxic to bone marrow cells and dendritic cells and stimulated dendritic cell maturation and function in vitro. Although tumor cells inhibited dendritic cell differentiation in vitro, this immunosuppressive effect was abrogated by the pretreatment of tumor cells with low-dose paclitaxel. Based on these data, we next tested whether pretreatment of tumor-bearing mice with low-dose paclitaxel in vivo would improve the antitumor potential of dendritic cell vaccine administered intratumorally. Significant inhibition of tumor growth in mice treated with low-dose paclitaxel plus intratumoral dendritic cell vaccine, associated with increased tumor infiltration by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and elevated tumor-specific IFN-gamma production by draining lymph node cells, was revealed. Using a novel intratumoral microdialysis technique and Luminex technology for collecting and characterizing soluble factors released within the tumor bed for several days in live freely moving animals, we showed that low-dose paclitaxel altered the cytokine network at the tumor site.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that low-dose chemotherapy before intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells might be associated with beneficial alterations of the intratumoral microenvironment and thus support antitumor immunity.
Personality and subjective well-being : big five correlates and demographic variables

This work examines the association between the Big Five personality dimensions, the most relevant demographic factors (sex, age and relationship status), and subjective well-being. A total of 236 nursing professionals completed the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Affect-Balance Scale (ABS). Regression analysis showed personality as one of the most important correlates of subjective well-being, especially through Extraversion and Neuroticism. There was a positive association between Openness to experience and the positive and negative components of affect. Likewise, the most basic demographic variables (sex, age and relationship status) are found to be differentially associated with the different elements of subjective well-being, and the explanation for these associations is highly likely to be found in the links between demographic variables and personality. In the same way as control of the effect of demographic variables is necessary for isolating the effect of personality on subjective well-being, control of personality should permit more accurate analysis of the role of demographic variables in relation to the subjective well-being construct. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.