LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Optimization of Milling Process by using RSM and ANN Methods

474 Abstract— Nowadays numerical and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods are widely used for both modeling and optimizing the performance of the manufacturing technologies. Optimum machining parameters are of great concern in manufacturing environments, where economy of machining operation plays a key role in competitiveness in the market. In this paper, the selection of optimal machining parameters (i.e., spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate) for face milling operations was investigated in order to minimize the surface roughness and to maximize the material removal rate. Effects of selected parameters on process variables (i.e., surface roughness and material removal rate) were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks. Optimum machining parameters were carried out using RSM and compared to the experimental results. The obtained results indicate the appropriate ability of RSM and ANN methods for milling process modeling and optimization.
In vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models in anti-infective drug development: focus on TB.

For rapid anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug development in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models are useful in evaluating the direct interaction between the drug and the bacteria, thereby guiding the selection of candidate compounds and the optimization of their dosing regimens. Utilizing in vivo drug-clearance profiles from animal and/or human studies and simulating them in an in vitro PK/PD model allows the in-depth characterization of antibiotic activity of new and existing antibacterials by generating time–kill data. These data capture the dynamic interplay between mycobacterial growth and changing drug concentration as encountered during prolonged drug therapy. This review focuses on important PK/PD parameters relevant to anti-TB drug development, provides an overview of in vitro PK/PD models used to evaluate the efficacy of agents against mycobacteria and discusses the related mathematical modeling approaches of time–kill data. Overall, it provides an introduction to in vitro PK/PD models and their application as critical tools in evaluating anti-TB drugs.
Oxygen binding properties of haemocyanin from Levantina hierosolima.

Abstract The oxygen binding properties of haemocyanin from Levantina hierosolima in the absence and in the presence of calcium ions were studied. A fluorometric method for the determination of saturation curves, based on the difference in emission intensities of the reduced and oxygenated protein, was developed. In divalent ion-free solutions, the binding was found to be of the simple type. In the presence of calcium ions interaction between the binding sites takes place. Thermodynamic quantities for the oxygen binding reaction in the two cases were determined. Corresponding values for the interaction among the oxygen binding sites were also calculated. The binding behaviour of the oxygenated haemocyanin in calcium-containing solutions was found to be identical to that of haemocyanin in the absence of the ion. The findings show that, as is the case in the haemoglobin system, deoxyhaemocyanin has a lowered affinity towards oxygen; oxygenation returns the molecule to the high affinity characteristic of the calcium-free protein.
Knowledge-based approaches in software documentation: A systematic literature review

Context: Software documents are core artifacts produced and consumed in documentation activity in the software lifecycle. Meanwhile, knowledge-based approaches have been extensively used in software development for decades, however, the software engineering community lacks a comprehensive understanding on how knowledge-based approaches are used in software documentation, especially documentation of software architecture design. Objective: The objective of this work is to explore how knowledge-based approaches are employed in software documentation, their influences to the quality of software documentation, and the costs and benefits of using these approaches. Method: We use a systematic literature review method to identify the primary studies on knowledge-based approaches in software documentation, following a pre-defined review protocol. Results: Sixty studies are finally selected, in which twelve quality attributes of software documents, four cost categories, and nine benefit categories of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation are identified. Architecture understanding is the top benefit of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation. The cost of retrieving information from documents is the major concern when using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation. Conclusions: The findings of this review suggest several future research directions that are critical and promising but underexplored in current research and practice: (1) there is a need to use knowledge-based approaches to improve the quality attributes of software documents that receive less attention, especially credibility, conciseness, and unambiguity; (2) using knowledge-based approaches with the knowledge content in software documents which gets less attention in current applications of knowledge based approaches in software documentation, to further improve the practice of software documentation activity; (3) putting more focus on the application of software documents using the knowledge-based approaches (knowledge reuse, retrieval, reasoning, and sharing) in order to make the most use of software documents; and (4) evaluating the costs and benefits of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation qualitatively and quantitatively.
Blockade of hydromorphone effects by buprenorphine/naloxone and buprenorphine

Rationale: Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist–antagonist used in the treatment of opioid dependence. Naloxone has been combined with buprenorphine to decrease the parenteral abuse potential of buprenorphine. This addition of naloxone may also confer further opioid blockade efficacy. Objectives: To test the opioid blockade efficacy of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone versus buprenorphine alone and determine whether: (1) the blockade efficacy of buprenorphine/naloxone varies between the time of expected maximal and minimal effects of naloxone, (2) the blockade efficacy of buprenorphine/naloxone and buprenorphine varies as a function of maintenance dose level, and (3) there are adaptive changes over time associated with repeated daily dosing of buprenorphine/naloxone and buprenorphine. Methods: Residential subjects (n=6) were maintained on different double-blind dose levels of buprenorphine/naloxone (4/1, 8/2, 16/4, 32/8 mg) and buprenorphine (32 mg) for 6-day periods and challenged with parenteral doses of hydromorphone (12 mg) in laboratory sessions. Results: There was no evidence of additional opioid blockade efficacy conferred by combining naloxone with buprenorphine. Higher doses of buprenorphine/naloxone provided greater blockade of hydromorphone effects. Changes over time associated with repeated daily dosing of buprenorphine/naloxone and buprenorphine were minimal. Conclusions: The addition of naloxone to buprenorphine may deter the parenteral abuse of buprenorphine/naloxone, but it does not enhance the therapeutic efficacy of buprenorphine. The blockade efficacy of buprenorphine/naloxone is dose related; however, doses up to 32/8 mg buprenorphine/naloxone provide only partial blockade when subjects receive a high dose of an opioid agonist.
Terabytes of Tobler: Evaluating the First Law in a Massive, Domain-Neutral Representation of World Knowledge

The First Law of Geography states, “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” Despite the fact that it is to a large degree what makes “spatial special,” the law has never been empirically evaluated on a large, domain-neutral representation of world knowledge. We address the gap in the literature about this critical idea by statistically examining the multitude of entities and relations between entities present across 22 different language editions of Wikipedia. We find that, at least according to the myriad authors of Wikipedia, the First Law is true to an overwhelming extent regardless of language-defined cultural domain.
The interaction between emotional intelligence and cognitive ability in predicting scholastic performance in school-aged children

The aim of the present study is to offer an exploration of the predictive validity of cognitive ability and emotional intelligence (EI) on scholastic achievement in a sample of Italian school-aged children (8–11 years). In particular, cognitive ability was measured through Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices, while trait EI was measured through the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Child Form (TEIQue-CF). In addition to trait EI, we measured also a basic emotional ability, the emotion recognition ability, through an emotional face recognition task. The results demonstrated an interaction between trait EI and cognitive ability in predicting academic performance. In particular, trait EI was positively associated with better language performance in children characterised by low or medium cognitive ability, but not in pupils characterised by high cognitive ability. Moreover, results showed that trait EI had a unique power to predict math performance. Similarly, the analyses showed an interaction between emotion recognition ability and cognitive ability in predicting both language and math performance. Differences between the two emotional measures were discussed. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synchronized Product of Linear Bounded Machines

This paper introduces a class of graphs associated to linear bounded machines. It is shown that this class is closed, up to observational equivalence, under synchronized product. The first-order theory of these graphs is investegated and shown to be undecidable. The latter result extends to any logic in which the existence of sinks may be stated.
The Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: a systematic review of behavioural models and a framework for designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings

BACKGROUND
Promotion and provision of low-cost technologies that enable improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are seen as viable solutions for reducing high rates of morbidity and mortality due to enteric illnesses in low-income countries. A number of theoretical models, explanatory frameworks, and decision-making models have emerged which attempt to guide behaviour change interventions related to WASH. The design and evaluation of such interventions would benefit from a synthesis of this body of theory informing WASH behaviour change and maintenance.


METHODS
We completed a systematic review of existing models and frameworks through a search of related articles available in PubMed and in the grey literature. Information on the organization of behavioural determinants was extracted from the references that fulfilled the selection criteria and synthesized. Results from this synthesis were combined with other relevant literature, and from feedback through concurrent formative and pilot research conducted in the context of two cluster-randomized trials on the efficacy of WASH behaviour change interventions to inform the development of a framework to guide the development and evaluation of WASH interventions: the Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IBM-WASH).


RESULTS
We identified 15 WASH-specific theoretical models, behaviour change frameworks, or programmatic models, of which 9 addressed our review questions. Existing models under-represented the potential role of technology in influencing behavioural outcomes, focused on individual-level behavioural determinants, and had largely ignored the role of the physical and natural environment. IBM-WASH attempts to correct this by acknowledging three dimensions (Contextual Factors, Psychosocial Factors, and Technology Factors) that operate on five-levels (structural, community, household, individual, and habitual).


CONCLUSIONS
A number of WASH-specific models and frameworks exist, yet with some limitations. The IBM-WASH model aims to provide both a conceptual and practical tool for improving our understanding and evaluation of the multi-level multi-dimensional factors that influence water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in infrastructure-constrained settings. We outline future applications of our proposed model as well as future research priorities needed to advance our understanding of the sustained adoption of water, sanitation, and hygiene technologies and practices.
Enhancing Self-Efficacy and Performance: An Experimental Comparison of Psychological Techniques.

PURPOSE
We assessed how 6 psychological performance enhancement techniques (PETs) differentially improved self-efficacy (SE) and skill performance. We also assessed whether vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion as posited sources of SE (Bandura, 1982 ) were supported and, further, if the effects of the 6 PETs remained after controlling for achievement motivation traits and self-esteem.


METHOD
A within-subject design assessed each individual across 2 trials for 3 disparate PETs. A between-groups design assessed differences between PETs paired against each other for 3 similar novel tasks. Participants (N = 96) performed 2 trials of 10 attempts at each of the tasks (kick, throw, golf putt) in a counterbalanced sequence using their nondominant limb. Participants completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale and were randomly allocated to either the modeling or imagery, goal-setting or instructional self-statement, or knowledge-of-results or motivational feedback conditions aligned with each task.


RESULTS
An instructional self-statement improved performance better than imagery, modeling, goal setting, and motivational and knowledge-of-results augmented feedback. Motivational auditory feedback most improved SE. Increased SE change scores were related to increased performance difference scores on all tasks after controlling for age, sex, achievement motivation, and self-esteem.


CONCLUSIONS
Some sources of SE may be more influential than others on both SE and performance improvements. We provide partial support for the sources of SE proposed by Bandura's social-cognitive theory with verbal persuasion but not vicarious experiences improving SE.
A weight initialization method for improving training speed in feedforward neural network

An algorithm for determining the optimal initial weights of feedforward neural networks based on the Cauchy's inequality and a linear algebraic method is developed. The algorithm is computational e$cient. The proposed method ensures that the outputs of neurons are in the active region and increases the rate of convergence. With the optimal initial weights determined, the initial error is substantially smaller and the number of iterations required to achieve the error criterion is signi"cantly reduced. Extensive tests were performed to compare the proposed algorithm with other algorithms. In the case of the sunspots prediction, the number of iterations required for the network initialized with the proposed method was only 3.03% of those started with the next best weight initialization algorithm. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia.

PURPOSE
To analyse the effects of two interventions on the cognition and balance of institutionalized elderly people with mixed dementia.


METHODS
Fifty-four participants were allocated into three groups. Group 1 was assisted by an interdisciplinary programme comprising physiotherapy, occupational therapy and physical education. A physiotherapist alone carried out the intervention in group 2. Group 3 was considered as control. Assessors were blinded to guarantee the absence of bias. Cognitive functions were analysed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Balance was assessed with the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Get-Up-and-Go Test. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test possible main effects of the interventions.


RESULTS
The results showed benefits on the balance of subjects in both groups 1 (F=3.9, P<0.05) and 2 (F=3.1, P<0.05), compared with group 3. MANOVA did not indicate benefits on the cognitive functions between groups 1 and 3 (F=1.1, P>0.05) and groups 2 and 3 (F=1.6, P>0.05). However, univariate analysis indicated some benefits of the interdisciplinary intervention on two specific domains measured by the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (F=26.5, P<0.05; F=4.4, P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
Six months of multidisciplinary or physiotherapeutic intervention were able to improve a person's balance. Although global cognition did not improve through treatment, when the intervention was carried out on a multidisciplinary basis we observed an attenuation in the decline of global cognition on two specific cognitive domains. Exercises applied in different contexts may have positive outcomes for people with dementia.
Effect of CT screening on smoking habits at 1-year follow-up in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST).

BACKGROUND
The effect of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on smoking habits has not been reported in large randomised controlled trials.


METHODS
This study evaluated the effect on smoking habits of screening with low-dose CT at 1-year follow up in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST), a 5-year randomised controlled trial comprising 4104 subjects; 2052 subjects received annual low-dose CT scan (CT group) and 2052 received no intervention (control group). Participants were healthy current and former smokers (>4 weeks since smoking cessation) with a tobacco consumption of >20 pack years. Smoking habits were determined at baseline and at annual screening. Smoking status was verified using exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Lung function tests, nicotine dependency and motivation to quit smoking were assessed. Quit rates and relapse rates were determined at 1-year follow-up for all subjects.


RESULTS
At 1 year the quit rates among smokers were 11.9% in the CT group and 11.8% in the control group (p = 0.95). Relapse rates for former smokers were 10.0% and 10.5% in the CT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.81). Significant predictors (p<0.05) for smoking cessation were: high motivation to quit, low dependency, low ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity, low pack years, higher age, longer period of abstinence and CT findings necessitating 3-month repeat CT scans.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, quit rates were similar in the CT and control group at 1-year follow-up, with a net quit rate of 6.0%. Quit rates were higher and relapse rate lower among subjects with initial CT findings that necessitated a repeat scan 3 months later.
Science and regulation. The electronics revolution: from e-wonderland to e-wasteland.

S ince the mid-1990s, electronic waste (e-waste) has been recognized as the fastest-growing component of the solid-waste stream, as small consumer electronic products, such as cellular phones, have become ubiquitous in developed and developing countries ( 1). In the absence of adequate recycling policies, the small size, short useful life-span, and high costs of recycling these products mean they are routinely discarded without much concern for their adverse impacts on the environment and public health. These impacts occur throughout the product life cycle, from acquisition of raw materials ( 2) to manufacturing to disposal at the end of products’ useful life. This creates considerable toxicity risks worldwide ( 3, 4). For example, the mean concentration of lead in the blood of children living in Guiyu, China, a notorious destination for improper e-waste recycling ( 5), is 15.3 μg/ dl. There is no known safe level of exposure to lead; remedial action is recommended for children with levels above 10 μg/dl ( 6). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers used as fl ame-retardants in electronics have been detected in alarming quantities (up to 4.1 ppm lipid weight) in California’s peregrine falcon eggs, raising the specter of species endangerment ( 7, 8). We recently estimated that each U.S. household has at least four small (≤4.5 kg) and between two and three large (>4.5 kg) e-waste items in storage ( 9); this represents 747 million e-waste items, weighing over 1.36 million metric tons. Moreover, most people (67%) in the United States are not aware of e-waste disposal restrictions or policies ( 9). The United States, one the largest generators of e-waste in the world ( 4), does not have legally enforceable federal policies that require comprehensive recycling of e-waste or elimination of hazardous substances from electronic products. Without a coherent U.S. policy, informed by challenges faced by similar efforts around the world, it will be diffi cult to reach a global consensus.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Connecting PV System to Grid

The photovoltaic generators have a nonlinear V-I characteristics and maximum power points which vary with the illumination level and temperature. Using maximum power point tracker(MPPT) with the intermediate converter can increase the system efficiency by matching the PV systems to the load. This paper presents a maximum power point tracker based on fuzzy logic and a control scheme for a singlephase inverter connected to the utility grid. The fuzzy logic controller(FLC) provides an adaptive nature for the system performance. Also the FLC provides excellent features such as fast response, good performance and the ability to change the fuzzy parameters to improve control system. The singlephase dc/ac inverter is used to connect the PV system to the grid utility and local loads, of which control scheme is implemented to inject the PV output power to the utility grid at unity power factor and reduced harmonic level. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Vision in a Phase 3 Trial of Natalizumab for Multiple Sclerosis: Relation to Disability and Quality of Life

BACKGROUND
Low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA), a sensitive measure of visual function in multiple sclerosis (MS), demonstrated treatment effects as a secondary outcome measure in the Phase 3 trial of natalizumab, AFFIRM. In these posttrial analyses, we studied the relation of visual function to quality of life (QOL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.


METHODS
At baseline and at 52 and 104 weeks in AFFIRM, patients underwent binocular testing of LCVA (1.25% and 2.5% contrast) and high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA). Vision-specific QOL was assessed by the Impact of Visual Impairment Scale (IVIS), whereas the SF-36 Health Survey and Visual Analog Scale were administered as generic QOL measures and the EDSS as a measure of neurologic impairment.


RESULTS
Among QOL measures, IVIS scores showed the most significant correlations with visual dysfunction at all time points in the trial (r= -0.25 to -0.45, P < 0.0001 for LCVA and HCVA). Higher MRI T1- and T2-lesion volumes were also associated with worse vision scores at all time points (P < 0.0001). Clinically meaningful worsening (progression) of LCVA was noted in substantial proportions of patients in AFFIRM and was prevalent even among those without EDSS progression over 2 years (21.9% with LCVA progression at 2.5% contrast; 26.2% at 1.25% contrast). HCVA worsened in only 3.7% of patients without EDSS progression.


CONCLUSIONS
Loss of visual function, particularly as measured by LCVA, was common in AFFIRM, occurring in >20% of patients. Both LCVA and HCVA scores reflect vision-specific aspects of QOL, but LCVA provides information about disability progression not entirely captured by the EDSS. Vision represents a key dimension of outcome assessment for MS and adds valuable information on disability and QOL that can be useful to clinicians.