LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects.

OBJECTIVE
To review the basic scientific status of repair in articular cartilage tissue and to assess the efficiency of current clinical therapies instigated for the treatment of structural lesions generated therein as a result of trauma or during the course of various diseases, notably osteoarthritis (OA). Current scientific trends and possible directions for the future will also be discussed.


DESIGN
A systematic and critical analysis is undertaken, beginning with a description of the spontaneous repair responses in different types of lesion. Surgical interventions aimed at inducing repair without the use of active biologics will then be considered, followed by those involving active biologics and those drawing on autogenic and allogeneic tissue transplantation principles. Cell transplantation approaches, in particular novel tissue engineering concepts, will be critically presented. These will include growth-factor-based biological treatments and gene transfection protocols. A number of technical problems associated with repair interventions, such as tissue integration, tissue retention and the role of mechanical factors, will also be analysed.


RESULTS
A critical analysis of the literature reveals the existence of many novel and very promising biologically-based approaches for the induction of articular cartilage repair, the vast majority of which are still at an experimental phase of development. But prospective, double-blinded clinical trials comparing currently practiced surgical treatments have, unfortunately, not been undertaken.


CONCLUSION
The existence of many new and encouraging biological approaches to cartilage repair justifies the future investment of time and money in this research area, particularly given the extremely high socio-economic importance of such therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of these common joint diseases and traumas. Clinical epidemiological and prospective trials are, moreover, urgently needed for an objective, scientific appraisal of current therapies and future novel approaches.
Machine-Learning-Based Coadaptive Calibration for Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow users to control a computer application by brain activity as acquired (e.g., by EEG). In our classic machine learning approach to BCIs, the participants undertake a calibration measurement without feedback to acquire data to train the BCI system. After the training, the user can control a BCI and improve the operation through some type of feedback. However, not all BCI users are able to perform sufficiently well during feedback operation. In fact, a nonnegligible portion of participants (estimated 1530) cannot control the system (a BCI illiteracy problem, generic to all motor-imagery-based BCIs). We hypothesize that one main difficulty for a BCI user is the transition from offline calibration to online feedback. In this work, we investigate adaptive machine learning methods to eliminate offline calibration and analyze the performance of 11 volunteers in a BCI based on the modulation of sensorimotor rhythms. We present an adaptation scheme that individually guides the user. It starts with a subject-independent classifier that evolves to a subject-optimized state-of-the-art classifier within one session while the user interacts continuously. These initial runs use supervised techniques for robust coadaptive learning of user and machine. Subsequent runs use unsupervised adaptation to track the features drift during the session and provide an unbiased measure of BCI performance. Using this approach, without any offline calibration, six users, including one novice, obtained good performance after 3 to 6 minutes of adaptation. More important, this novel guided learning also allows participants with BCI illiteracy to gain significant control with the BCI in less than 60 minutes. In addition, one volunteer without sensorimotor idle rhythm peak at the beginning of the BCI experiment developed it during the course of the session and used voluntary modulation of its amplitude to control the feedback application.
PHD filters of higher order in target number

The multitarget recursive Bayes nonlinear filter is the theoretically optimal approach to multisensor-multitarget detection, tracking, and identification. For applications in which this filter is appropriate, it is likely to be tractable for only a small number of targets. In earlier papers we derived closed-form equations for an approximation of this filter based on propagation of a first-order multitarget moment called the probability hypothesis density (PHD). In a recent paper, Erdinc, Willett, and Bar-Shalom argued for the need for a PHD-type filter which remains first-order in the states of individual targets, but which is higher-order in target number. In this paper we show that this is indeed possible. We derive a closed-form cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filter, which propagates not only the PHD but also the entire probability distribution on target number.
Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides versus mycosis fungoides with concomitant hypopigmented lesions: same disease or different variants of mycosis fungoides?

BACKGROUND
Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (HMF) is a rare subtype of mycosis fungoides (MF). We compared patients with exclusive hypopigmented lesions with a group of MF patients with concomitant different lesions.


METHODS
20 patients with HMF only and 14 patients with hypopigmented lesions concomitant with other types of lesions (mixed MF, MMF) were selected. Clinical-epidemiological analysis as well as histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed.


RESULTS
HMF and MMF preserve some similarities, like predilection for dark-skinned persons and slow progression, but they also present differences: the exclusive variant is associated with early onset and a clear CD8+ immunophenotype, whereas MMF patients tend to present a predominance of CD4+ cell infiltrates. Histological analysis revealed similar findings; relapsing courses were common.


CONCLUSION
Whether patients are suffering from exclusive HMF or MMF, the presence of hypopigmented lesions can be considered a marker of good prognosis in MF, since both groups presented similar data, such as staging and disease duration.
From the Farm to Pioneering with Digital Control Computers: An Autobiography

This is a personal memoir of the author's involvement from the beginnings of digital computers through the design of the Polaris missile guidance system to the Apollo Guidance Computer that put men on the Moon.
Fuzzy Spacetime: Further Considerations

We consider fuzzy spacetime, quanta of area and related concepts in the context of latest approaches to Quantum Gravity and show its interface with usual non-Abelian gauge theory. We also discuss in this context a cosmology which correctly predicted a dark energy driven acceleratling universe with a small cosmological constant, amongst other things.
An Improved Hybrid Recommender System by Combining Predictions

Recommender systems are gaining a great importance with the emergence of E-commerce and business on the internet. These recommender systems help users in making decision by suggesting products and services that satisfy the users’ tastes and preferences. Collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation are two fundamental methods used to develop recommender systems. Although, both methods have their own advantages, they fail in some situations such as the ’cold start’ where new users or items are added in the system. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines collaborative filtering, content-based and demographic filtering approaches to develop a recommender system for predicting ratings in a dynamic way. We show through experiments that our approach achieves good accuracy and high coverage and outperforms the conventional filtering algorithms as well as the naive hybrid methods. Moreover, we show how our approach deals with the cold-start problem by incorporating demographic characteristics of users.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation with autologous cord blood in patients with severe aplastic anemia: an opportunity to revisit the controversy regarding cord blood banking for private use.

The controversy surrounding private banking of umbilical cord blood units (CBU), as a safeguard against future malignancy or other life-threatening conditions, raises many questions in pediatric clinical practice. Recent favorable experiences with autologous transplantation for severe aplastic anemia using privately stored CBU, suggested a possible utility. While private banking is difficult to justify statistically or empirically, there may exist rare cases where autologous transplant of stored umbilical CBU could be beneficial. The reality of privately banked CBU and the possibility for future discovery of additional indications for autologous cord blood transplant, motivated us to re-examine our attitudes towards private cord blood banking.
Total quality management and performance The role of organization support and co-worker support

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the extent of total quality management (TQM) implementation and organization performance, and the moderating effect of co-worker support and organization support on the TQM/performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to a sample of firms selected from the motor vehicle parts and accessories industry. Findings – Analysis of the data supports a strong positive relationship between the extent of implementation of TQM practices and organization performance. This study also found that co-worker support and organization support moderated the relationship between TQM implementation and organization performance Research implications – This study has important implications for managers. First, it motivates managers (and provides a justification) to invest in the time and resources to implement TQM programs. Based on the results of this study, the implementation of TQM practices is associated with enhanced organization performance. Second, evidence from this study signals the importance of developing an environment or “culture” of support to further enhance the performance outcomes of TQM implementation. If employees do not feel there is acknowledgement and support from the organization and from work colleagues, then the implementation of TQM programs may be sub-optimal. Originality/value – There is increasing recognition of the importance of human factors in successful TQM implementation. Within this context, no previous research has empirically examined the synergistic moderating effect of co-worker support and organization support on the relationship between TQM and performance.
An English to Logic Translator for Ontology-based Knowledge Representation Languages

Ontologies provide advantages of knowledge reusability, sharing, and greater robustness when used to build large knowledge-based applications. Unfortunately, translating between English statements and a specific ontology requires skill in knowledge engineering and an understanding of formal logic and the ontology itself. A knowledge engineer must be familiar with the concepts in the ontology, the fine distinctions between terms, and the specific way the ontology conceptualizes the world. We are developing a tool, CELT (Controlled English to Logic Translation), to enable non-programmers to add knowledge expressed in terms of an ontology. CELT is an automatic translation tool to convert controlled English to KIF formulas using ontologies built with the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). WordNet provides a base lexicon and a default preference for word senses. We do not expect CELT to obviate the need for knowledge engineers but to instead better leverage their time, as current machine translation tools assist professional human translators. CELT uses Discourse Representation Theory to handle the translation of multiple sentences, the use of logical quantifiers, and the resolution of anaphoric referents. Individual sentences are parsed using a Definite Clause Grammar augmented with feature grammar extensions. CELT is domain-independent but can be customized for particular domains by providing domain-specific ontologies and lexicons. The lexicons can specify both technical terms and domain-specific preferred word senses for common terms. CELT translates sentences to assertions and queries for a first-order logic theorem prover.
Filter-Context Dynamic Coattention Networks for Question Answering

Question Answering (QA) is one of the most challenging and crucial tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that has a wide range of applications in various domains, such as information retrieval and entity extraction. Traditional methods involve linguistically based NLP techniques, and recent researchers apply Deep Learning on this task and have achieved promising result. In this paper, we combined Dynamic Coattention Network (DCN) [1] and bilateral multiperspective matching (BiMPM) model [2], achieved an F1 score of 63.8% and exact match (EM) of 52.3% on test set.
Famotidine for infant gastro-oesophageal reflux: a multi-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled, withdrawal trial.

BACKGROUND
Gastro-oesophageal reflux afflicts up to 7% of all infants. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists are the most commonly prescribed medications for this disorder, but few controlled studies support this practice.


AIM
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of famotidine for infant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.


METHODS
Thirty-five infants, 1.3-10.5 months of age, entered an 8-week, multi-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-phase trial: first 4 weeks, observer-blind comparison of famotidine 0.5 mg/kg and famotidine 1.0 mg/kg; second 4 weeks, double-blind withdrawal comparison (safety and efficacy) of each dose with placebo.


RESULTS
No serious adverse events were reported. Eleven patients had 16 non-serious, possibly drug-related adverse experiences: 6 patients with agitation or irritability (manifested as head-rubbing in two), 3 patients with somnolence, 2 patients with anorexia, 2 with headache, 1 patient with vomiting, 1 patient with hiccups, and 1 patient with candidiasis. Of the 35 infants, 27 completed Part I. There were significant score improvements for famotidine 0.5 mg/kg in regurgitation frequency (P = 0.04), and for famotidine 1.0 mg/kg in crying time (P = 0.027) and regurgitation frequency (P = 0.004) and volume (P = 0.01). Eight infants completed Part II on double-blind treatment, which was insufficient for meaningful comparisons.


CONCLUSIONS
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists may cause agitation and headache in infants. A possibly efficacious famotidine dose for infants is 0.5 mg/kg (frequency adjusted for age). As 1.0 mg/kg may be more efficacious in some, the dosage may require individualization based on response. Further sizeable placebo-controlled evaluations of histamine-2 receptor antagonists in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are warranted.
C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with chordoma of lumbar spine and sacrum—a single center pilot study

STUDY DESIGN
This is a retrospective, diagnostic study, level IV.


BACKGROUND
It appears to be necessary to identify prognostic markers for individual risk estimation for progression and survival in patients with chordoma, a rare disease. Are pre-operative serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) associated with disease progression and survival?


METHODS
Survival rates of 24 patients (18 males, 6 females) (mean age 67 years (SD ± 16; range 20-85 years); minimum follow-up 2 years, mean follow-up 5 years (SD ± 5; range 2-19 years)) with chordoma of the lower spine and sacrum were assessed with a focus on pre-operative CRP levels.


RESULTS
The survival rate of patients with pre-operative CRP level of >1.0 mg/dl was lower than that of patients with a CRP level <1.0 mg/dl (p = 0.01). The estimated 10-year survival of patients with pre-operative CRP values <1.0 and >1.0 mg/dl was 76 and 25%, respectively. CRP remained as an independent survival factor (p = 0.025; CI 95% 1.0-2.6) in multivariable analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Pre-operative CRP levels appear to be a biomarker for disease-specific survival in patients with chordoma of the lumbar spine and sacrum. A validation of our finding with larger cohorts and integration of putative risk factor would further elucidate CRP a surrogate for tumor progression.
Dualities for varieties of distributive lattices with unary operations II

This paper extends to the general setting of [11], [25] procedures presented earlier for varieties of Ockham algebras. Given a suitable finitely generated variety A of distributive-lattice-ordered algebras with unary operations, in which the subdirectly irreducible algebras are assumed to have been pre-determined, a natural duality, free algebras and coproducts can be obtained algorithmically for any prescribed subvariety of A. Further, the meet-irreducible members of the lattice of equational theories of A can be written down. The theory is illustrated by carrying this programme through for varieties of double MS-algebras.
A comment on the theory of turbulence without pressure proposed by Polyakov

Owing to its lack of derivability, the dissipative anomaly operator appearing in the theory of turbulence without pressure recently proposed by Polyakov appears to be quite elusive. In particular, we give arguments that seem to lead to the conclusion that an anomaly in the first equation of the sequence of conservation laws cannot be {\it a priori} excluded.
A Novel Time-Varying Spectral Filtering Algorithm for Reconstruction of Motion Artifact Corrupted Heart Rate Signals During Intense Physical Activities Using a Wearable Photoplethysmogram Sensor

Accurate estimation of heart rates from photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals during intense physical activity is a very challenging problem. This is because strenuous and high intensity exercise can result in severe motion artifacts in PPG signals, making accurate heart rate (HR) estimation difficult. In this study we investigated a novel technique to accurately reconstruct motion-corrupted PPG signals and HR based on time-varying spectral analysis. The algorithm is called Spectral filter algorithm for Motion Artifacts and heart rate reconstruction (SpaMA). The idea is to calculate the power spectral density of both PPG and accelerometer signals for each time shift of a windowed data segment. By comparing time-varying spectra of PPG and accelerometer data, those frequency peaks resulting from motion artifacts can be distinguished from the PPG spectrum. The SpaMA approach was applied to three different datasets and four types of activities: (1) training datasets from the 2015 IEEE Signal Process. Cup Database recorded from 12 subjects while performing treadmill exercise from 1 km/h to 15 km/h; (2) test datasets from the 2015 IEEE Signal Process. Cup Database recorded from 11 subjects while performing forearm and upper arm exercise. (3) Chon Lab dataset including 10 min recordings from 10 subjects during treadmill exercise. The ECG signals from all three datasets provided the reference HRs which were used to determine the accuracy of our SpaMA algorithm. The performance of the SpaMA approach was calculated by computing the mean absolute error between the estimated HR from the PPG and the reference HR from the ECG. The average estimation errors using our method on the first, second and third datasets are 0.89, 1.93 and 1.38 beats/min respectively, while the overall error on all 33 subjects is 1.86 beats/min and the performance on only treadmill experiment datasets (22 subjects) is 1.11 beats/min. Moreover, it was found that dynamics of heart rate variability can be accurately captured using the algorithm where the mean Pearson's correlation coefficient between the power spectral densities of the reference and the reconstructed heart rate time series was found to be 0.98. These results show that the SpaMA method has a potential for PPG-based HR monitoring in wearable devices for fitness tracking and health monitoring during intense physical activities.
Fast Bounding Box Estimation based Face Detection

The sliding window approach is the most widely used technique to detect an object from an image. In the past few years, classifiers have been improved in many ways to increase the scanning speed. Apart from the classifier design (such as cascade), the scanning speed also depends on number of different factors (such as grid spacing, and scale at which the image is searched). When the scanning grid spacing is larger than the tolerance of the trained classifier it suffers from low detections. In this paper we present a technique to reduce the number of miss detections while increasing the grid spacing when using the sliding window approach for object detection. This is achieved by using a small patch to predict the bounding box of an object within a local search area. To achieve speed it is necessary that the bounding box prediction is comparable or better than the time it takes in average for the object classifier to reject a subwindow. We use simple features and a decision tree as it proved to be efficient for our application. We analyze the effect of patch size on bounding box estimation and also evaluate our approach on benchmark face database (CMU+MIT). We also report our results on the new FDDB dataset [1]. Experimental evaluation shows better detection rate and speed with our proposed approach for larger grid spacing when compared to standard scanning technique.
Treatment of atrophic facial acne scars with a dual-mode Er:YAG laser.

BACKGROUND
Scar revision with CO2 and Er:YAG lasers has become popular in recent years. Reports on the newest (modulated, dual-mode) Er:YAG systems have been limited mostly to the treatment of photodamaged skin and rhytides.


OBJECTIVE
To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dual-mode 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for atrophic scar revision.


METHODS
Twenty-five consecutive patients with moderate to severe atrophic facial acne scars received treatment with a dual-mode Er:YAG laser. Clinical assessments using a standard grading scale and photographic documentation were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative recovery was monitored and the rate of side effects and complications recorded.


RESULTS
Average clinical grading scores reflected good to excellent response of atrophic scars to the dual-mode Er:YAG laser system. Side effects and complications were limited to transient hyperpigmentation and acne flare-ups. No hypopigmentation or scarring was seen. Prolonged erythema (longer than 1 month) was observed in 1 patient (4%).


CONCLUSION
Dual-mode Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of atrophic facial scarring.
For the love of engineering

Features profiles of two women in engineering, Ferial El-Hawary and Andrea Okerholm.