LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Patient satisfaction in radiology: qualitative analysis of written complaints generated over a 10-year period in an academic medical center.

PURPOSE
The aims of this study were to review patients' complaints about their care in radiology and to determine key areas for improvement.


METHODS
An institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study was conducted to retrospectively evaluate all radiology-related patient complaints received by the authors' institution's Office of Patient Advocacy from April 1999 to December 2010. The internal review classified the complaints into those that concerned medical complications, radiology staff members, failure to provide patient-centered care, and those that related to quality on the basis of radiologic benchmarks of safety, systems, and professionalism. The rate of successful complaint resolution was also tallied. The incidence of complaints per modality was calculated as a fraction of the total number of radiologic examinations performed.


RESULTS
A total of 153 radiology-related complaints were identified. The majority of complaints (60.1% [92 of 153]) described a failure to provide patient-centered care. Of the remaining complaints, 26.2% (40 of 153) reported physical discomfort, 10.5% (16 of 153) reported a combination of both physical discomfort and lack of patient-centered care, and 3.2% (5 of 153) were not related to either category. Of the complaints regarding quality, 44.5% (68 of 153) were associated with operational systems, 24.2% (37 of 153) with safety, 17% (26 of 153) with professionalism, and 14.3% (22 of 153) with multifactorial events. Delays accounted for 20.2% of complaints (31 of 153), and 49.6% of complaints (76 of 153) concerned radiology staff members. Complaint resolution was achieved in 83.6% of cases (128 of 153). The overall incidence of complaints per radiologic procedure was 0.238 per 10,000. The incidence of complaints associated with interventional procedures (3.26 per 10,000) was significantly (P < .05) higher than the incidence of those associated with noninterventional examinations (0.138 per 10,000).


CONCLUSIONS
Failure to provide patient-centered care was the most common complaint; most of these complaints could be attributed to systems issues. There was a higher incidence of complaints related to interventional procedures than diagnostic examinations. Delays and providers' interactions with patients were identified as key areas for improvement.
Daily administration of low molecular weight heparin increases Hepatocyte Growth Factor serum levels in gynaecological patients: pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical implications

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) enhances cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) in human ovarian cancer cells. Because of potential pitfalls of HGF exogenous administration, we investigated whether HGF serum concentration might be alternatively raised in vivo by administering low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The main HGF pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated following acute and chronic LMWH treatment. First, women, operated on for gynaecological tumors, were treated with a single dose of calcium nadroparin and studied for 12 hours. Next, women operated on for benign or malignant gynaecological tumors were treated daily with calcic nadroparin for one month. Subsequently, the biological activity of the measured HGF serum levels was tested in assays of ovarian cancer cell sensitization to drugs. In the short-term treated group, median HGF AUCss, Cmax and Caverage were about four-fold that of the control group, whereas Cmin was three-fold. In the patients treated chronically median HGF serum levels rose about six-fold in the first week, and decreased but remained significantly higher after one month. The pharmacokinetic of nadroparin-dependent HGF increase were similar in the two groups. The HGF concentrations measured after both acute and chronic treatment were found to be effective in sensitising ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. This study raises the possibility of using LMWH to increase HGF serum concentration and to take advantage of its biological activities. In particular, nadroparin might be used as a chemo-potentiating agent in epithelial cell ovarian carcinoma through its action on HGF serum concentration. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01523652
Financial Innovation and Endogenous Growth

We model technological and nancial innovation as reecting the decisions of protmaximizing agents and explore the implications for economic growth. We start with a Schumpeterian model where entrepreneurs earn prots by inventing better goods and nanciers arise to screen entrepreneurs. A novel feature is that nanciers also engage in the costly, risky, and potentially protable process of innovation: Financiers can invent more e¤ective processes for screening entrepreneurs. Every screening process, however, becomes less e¤ective as technology advances, i.e., informational asymmetries evolve endogenously. The model predicts, therefore, that technological innovation and economic growth eventually stop unless nanciers innovate to enhance screening. Empirical evidence is consistent with this dynamic, synergistic model of nancial and technological innovation and economic growth. Keywords: Screening; Financial Intermediation; Invention; Economic Growth; Corporate Finance; Technological Change; Entrepreneurship. JEL classication Numbers: G0; O31; O4 Laeven: IMF and CEPR; Levine: Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, the Milken Institute, and the NBER; and Michalopoulos: Brown University and the NBER. We thank Giovanni DellAriccia,Peter Howitt, Yona Rubinstein, Frank Smets, Uwe Sunde, and seminar participants at the Brown University, the London School of Economics, the Bank of England, the Conference on Corporate Finance and Economic Performance at the University of St. Gallen, the University of Modena, Collegio Carlo Alberto, the European Central Bank, the American Economic Association meetings, and Stanford University for useful comments. The views expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They should not be attributed to the International Monetary Fund.
The impact of maternal obesity and weight gain on vaginal birth after cesarean section success.

OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to determine the impact of maternal obesity on success of a trial of labor (vaginal birth after cesarean section [VBAC]) after a single low transverse cesarean delivery.


STUDY DESIGN
Individual charts of women with low transverse cesarean delivery in their first viable pregnancy who underwent a VBAC in their second viable pregnancy at our urban tertiary care institution were reviewed. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified as underweight (<19.8 kg/m2), normal (19.8-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (> or =30 kg/m2). Clinical characteristics and labor outcomes were assessed. Factors potentially affecting VBAC success were analyzed by univariate analysis. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the impact of maternal pregravid BMI on VBAC success after controlling for confounding factors.


RESULTS
Of 510 women attempting a trial of labor, 337 (66%) were successful and 173 (34%) failed VBAC. Decreased VBAC success was seen in obese (54.6%) but not overweight (65.5%) women compared with women of normal BMI (70.5%), P = .003 and .36, respectively. Underweight women had more VBAC success than women of normal BMI (84.7% vs 70.5%, P = .04). Controlling for other factors, the association between increasing pregravid BMI and BMI > or =30 kg/m 2 with decreased VBAC success persisted, P = .03 and .006, respectively. Normal BMI women who became overweight before the second pregnancy had decreased VBAC success compared with those whose BMI remained normal (56.6% vs 74.2%, P = .006). However, overweight women who decreased their BMI to normal before the second pregnancy did not significantly improve VBAC success (64.0% vs 58.4%, P = .67).


CONCLUSION
Increasing pregravid BMI and weight gain between pregnancies reduce VBAC success after a single low transverse cesarean delivery.
Do community health worker interventions improve rates of screening mammography in the United States? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND
Community health workers (CHW) are lay individuals who are trained to serve as liaisons between members of their communities and health care providers and services.


METHODS
A systematic review was conducted to synthesize evidence from all prospective controlled studies on effectiveness of CHW programs in improving screening mammography rates. Studies reported in English and conducted in the United States were included if they: (i) evaluated a CHW intervention designed to increase screening mammography rates in women 40 years of age or older without a history of breast cancer; (ii) were a randomized controlled trial (RCT), case-controlled study, or quasi-experimental study; and (iii) evaluated a CHW intervention outside of a hospital setting.


RESULTS
Participation in a CHW intervention was associated with a statistically significant increase in receipt of screening mammography [risk ratio (RR): 1.06 (favoring intervention); 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P = 0.003]. The effect remained when pooled data from only RCTs were included in meta-analysis (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12, P = 0.0005) but was not present using pooled data from only quasi-experimental studies (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.89-1.18, P = 0.71). In RCTs, participants recruited from medical settings (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09-1.82, P = 0.008), programs conducted in urban settings (RR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.39, P = 0.001), and programs where CHWs were matched to intervention participants on race or ethnicity (RR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.29-1.93, P = 0.0001) showed stronger effects on increasing mammography screening rates.


CONCLUSIONS
CHW interventions are effective for increasing screening mammography in certain settings and populations.


IMPACT
CHW interventions are especially associated with improvements in rate of screening mammography in medical settings, urban settings, and in participants who are racially or ethnically concordant with the CHW.
An Equation-Type Approach for the Numerical Solution of the Partial Differential Equations Governing Transport Phenomena in Porous Media

A new technique for the numerical solution of the partial differential equations governing transport phenomena in porous media is introduced. In this technique, the governing equations as depicted from the physics of the problem are used without extra manipulations. In other words, there is no need to reduce the number of governing equations by some sort of mathematical manipulations. This technique enables the separation of the physics part of the problem and the solver part, which makes coding more robust and could be used in several other applications with little or no modifications (e.g., multi-phase flow in porous media). In this method, one abandons the need to construct the coefficient matrix for the pressure equation. Alternatively, the coefficients are automatically generated within the solver routine. We show examples of using this technique to solving several flow problems in porous media.
Anaemia in HIV-infected children: severity, types and effect on response to HAART

BACKGROUND
HIV and anaemia are major health challenges in Africa. Anaemia in HIV-infected individuals is associated with more rapid disease progression and a poorer prognosis if not addressed appropriately. This study aimed at determining the severity and types of anaemia among HIV infected children and its effect on short term response to antiretroviral therapy (ART).


METHODS
At baseline, clinical and haematological parameters of 257 HIV-infected ART-naïve children aged 3 months to 18 years were assessed to determine the prevalence, severity and types of anaemia. ART eligible patients were started on therapy according to WHO criteria, enrolled (n=88) into an observational cohort and followed up for 6 months.


RESULTS
Anaemia was present in 148/257 (57.6%) of children, including (93/148) 62.2% with mild anaemia, 47/148 (32.0%) moderate anaemia, and 7/148 (4.8%) with severe anaemia. The mean haemoglobin (hb) was lower among children with more advanced HIV disease (p<0.0001). Microcytic-hypochromic anaemia (44.9%) was the commonest type of anaemia. Anaemia was independently associated with young age (p <0.0001), advanced HIV WHO disease stage (p = 0.034) and low CD4 percentage (p = 0.048). The proportion of children who had attained viral suppression (viral load <400 copies/ml) at 3 months was significantly lower among the anaemic children, 31/58 (53.4%) compared to the non-anaemic children 26/30 (86.7%) (p=0.002). However, the difference in clinical and immunological response between the anaemic and non-anaemic patients did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSION
Anaemia is highly prevalent among HIV-infected children in a rural Ugandan clinic and is associated with poorer virological suppression. However, the anaemia did not impact clinical and immunological response to ART among these children.
The use of reflective journals in the promotion of reflection and learning in post-registration nursing students.

The aim of this qualitative case study was to examine the use of reflective journals in promoting reflection and learning in post-registration nursing students. A purposive homogenous sample of 42 part-time post-registration students who had undertaken a module either as part of the Diploma in Professional Studies in Palliative Care or Breast Care Nursing within a UK University took part in the study. Data were collected from reflective journals and interviews. The students' journals were analysed to determine the extent and level of reflection using a model devised by Boud [Boud, D., Keogh, R., Walker, D. (Eds.), 1985. Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning. Kogan Page, London] and adapted by Wong [Wong, F.K.Y., Kember, D., Chung, L.Y.F., Yan, L., 1995. Assessing the levels of student reflection from reflective journals. Journal of Advanced Nursing 22, 48-57]. A model devised by Mezirow [Mezirow, J., 1990. How critical reflection triggers transformative learning. In: Mezirow, J. et al. (Eds.), Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A Guide to Transformative and Emancipatory Learning. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 1-20; Mezirow, J., 1991. Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. Jossey-Bass, San Franscisco] was used to identify non-reflectors, reflectors and critical reflectors. The findings suggest that student writing can be used as evidence for the presence or absence of reflective thinking. Evidence also suggests that journals are a useful tool for promoting reflection and learning. However, some students appear to benefit more from their use than others.
Adding Glucagon-Stimulated GH Testing to the Diagnostic Fast Increases the Detection of GH-Sufficient Children.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
The evaluation of children with unexplained hypoglycemia may include a diagnostic fast. However, low growth hormone (GH) concentration during hypoglycemia is not specific to GH deficiency (GHD). The aim of this study was to determine if serial GH measurement following glucagon administration, in the setting of a diagnostic fast, would increase the number of children identified as not having GHD.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review of children who had serial GH measurements performed after glucagon administration at the end of a diagnostic fast. Glucagon was administered at the end of the fasting study, and GH was measured every 30 min for 210 min.


RESULTS
Of the 29 children in this series, only 3 (10%) had GH concentrations >7 ng/ml at the end of the fast, which increased by 16 (55%) after serial GH testing. The percentages of samples with GH concentrations >7 ng/ml were: 10% at baseline, and 25, 39, 41, 41, 33, 43, and 0% every 30 min thereafter.


CONCLUSION
Additional GH measurements after glucagon administration following a diagnostic fast can improve the identification of children without GHD and thereby save them unnecessary GH stimulation testing and potential GH treatment.
Evaluating the effect of resident involvement on physician productivity in an academic general internal medicine practice.

PURPOSE
To estimate the effect of resident involvement across three years of resident training in a general internal medicine practice on the productivity of faculty physicians at Rush University Medical Center.


METHOD
Productivity was measured by work relative value units (RVUs) per clinical full-time equivalent attending physician generated in the ambulatory practice between July 2004 and June 2005. Random-effects linear regression models were used to estimate the impact of resident involvement by year of resident on attending physician productivity, controlling for faculty physician demographic characteristics.


RESULTS
Resident involvement significantly reduced physician productivity. Each first-year resident was associated with a loss of 0.81 work RVUs per attending physician per four-hour clinic session. Each second-year and third-year resident was associated with a loss of 0.88 work RVUs and 0.49 work RVUs per attending physician per session, respectively. The loss per resident per session translated into a loss of 2,447 work RVUs for the year for the practice.


CONCLUSIONS
Physician productivity significantly decreased with resident involvement, but the impact varied across resident training years. The loss in productivity for the year was $164,000 in revenue or $49 per resident per session. Results of this study provide insight into the importance of considering teaching responsibilities when establishing productivity targets, particularly in practices where the level of teaching involvement varies across faculty physicians. External benchmarks with other general internal medicine practices would be more accurate when resident teaching responsibilities are accounted for.
Foreign banks in transition countries: To whom do they lend and how are they financed?

We use focused interviews with managers of foreign parent banks and their affiliates in Central Europe and the Baltic States to analyse the small-business lending and internal capital markets of multinational financial institutions. Our approach allows us to complement the standard empirical literature, which has difficulty in analysing important issues such as lending technologies and capital allocation. We find that the acquisition of local banks by foreign banks has not led to a persistent bias in these banks’ credit supply towards large multinational corporations. Instead, increased competition and the improvement of subsidiaries’ lending technologies have led foreign banks to gradually expand into the SME and retail markets. Second, it is demonstrated that local bank affiliates are strongly influenced by the capital allocation and credit steering mechanisms of the parent bank.
A six-degree-of-freedom magnetically levitated variable compliance fine-motion wrist: design, modeling, and control

It has been shown that equipping conventional robots with fast high-resolution fine-motion devices leads to dramatic performance improvements. The success of such a coarse-fine approach to manipulation depends critically on the design of the fine manipulator. This paper describes a high-performance six-degree-of-freedom magnetically levitated fine-motion wrist with programmable compliance. Design considerations, a discussion of the major elements of the device, and issues of modeling, kinematics, dynamics, and control are presented. A prototype wrist has been built and controlled successfully. Experimental results, including high bandwidth position control, compliant control, and the emulation of several mechanisms through software gain setting, establish the use of magnetically levitated robot wrists as a new and desirable option for manipulation tasks requiring high precision and fine compliant motions.
Comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, APEX and 2D gel electrophoresis, applied to the Shigella dysenteriae proteome

The in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (SD1) was quantitatively analyzed in Coomassie Blue G250 (CBB)-stained 2D gels. More than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. In parallel, we employed 2D-LC-MS/MS followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method APEX for absolute protein expression measurements. Of the 4502 genome-predicted SD1 proteins, 1148 proteins were identified with a false positive discovery rate of 5% and quantitated using 2D-LC-MS/MS and APEX. The dynamic range of the APEX method was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of CBB-stained spot intensity quantitation. A squared Pearson correlation analysis revealed a reasonably good correlation (R 2 = 0.67) for protein quantities surveyed by both methods. The correlation was decreased for protein subsets with specific physicochemical properties, such as low Mr values and high hydropathy scores. Stoichiometric ratios of subunits of protein complexes characterized in E. coli were compared with APEX quantitative ratios of orthologous SD1 protein complexes. A high correlation was observed for subunits of soluble cellular protein complexes in several cases, demonstrating versatile applications of the APEX method in quantitative proteomics.