LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Functional restoration of penis with partial defect by scrotal skin flap.

PURPOSE
We investigated a reconstructive method with better sensory and erectile function for partial penile defects and report our long-term results of surgical correction using scrotal skin flaps.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the records of 18 patients with penile defects referred to us between 1992 and 2007. All cases were treated with a scrotal skin flap initially to repair the secondary defect after penile elongation.


RESULTS
Of the 18 cases treated during the 15-year period the mechanism of primary injury was circumcision in 3, animal bite in 9 and penile tumor dissection in 6. Penile elongation, division of the suspensory ligament and scrotal skin flaps achieved penile augmentation and enhancement. Six cases were treated with a bilateral scrotal skin flap supplied by the anterior scrotal artery and 12 were repaired with a total anterior scrotal skin flap supplied by the anterior and posterior scrotal arteries. Penile length in the flaccid and erectile states was obviously increased postoperatively (p <0.05). All patients were followed 1 to 9 years (mean 2.3) postoperatively. Deep and superficial sensation recovered and erectile function was retained. Of the 18 patients 15 reported satisfied sexual intercourse during the 0.5 to 5-year followup.


CONCLUSIONS
The method of correcting partial penile defect using scrotal skin flaps is effective and simple according to our long-term experience. This method achieves reasonable cosmesis and penile length in most cases with better sensory and erectile function.
Thermocouple and Infrared Sensor-Based Measurement of Temperature Distribution in Metal Cutting

In metal cutting, the magnitude of the temperature at the tool-chip interface is a function of the cutting parameters. This temperature directly affects production; therefore, increased research on the role of cutting temperatures can lead to improved machining operations. In this study, tool temperature was estimated by simultaneous temperature measurement employing both a K-type thermocouple and an infrared radiation (IR) pyrometer to measure the tool-chip interface temperature. Due to the complexity of the machining processes, the integration of different measuring techniques was necessary in order to obtain consistent temperature data. The thermal analysis results were compared via the ANSYS finite element method. Experiments were carried out in dry machining using workpiece material of AISI 4140 alloy steel that was heat treated by an induction process to a hardness of 50 HRC. A PVD TiAlN-TiN-coated WNVG 080404-IC907 carbide insert was used during the turning process. The results showed that with increasing cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, the tool temperature increased; the cutting speed was found to be the most effective parameter in assessing the temperature rise. The heat distribution of the cutting tool, tool-chip interface and workpiece provided effective and useful data for the optimization of selected cutting parameters during orthogonal machining.
Acceptability of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet among HIV uninfected women & their male partners in Pune, India--Phase I study.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
The number of HIV infected women is steadily increasing worldwide and women controlled methods to prevent HIV are urgently needed. Vaginal microbicides are products for vaginal administration that can be used to prevent HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We conducted a Phase I safety and acceptability study of Praneem polyherbal tablet, a candidate microbicide, among HIV uninfected women in Pune, India.


METHODS
Twenty eligible women were requested to use the product intravaginally once daily for 14 consecutive days between menses. Safety was assessed by clinical examination, laboratory monitoring and colposcopy. Acceptability was assessed after 14 days of product use through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions among participating women, and in-depth interviews with a subset of 5 randomly selected male partners.


RESULTS
Praneem polyherbal tablet was found acceptable by the study participants with 90 per cent of the participants showing 80 per cent and more acceptability score. Discharge of the product residue was reported as a concern by 6 (30%) of participants. Nineteen (95%) female participants liked the smell and the same number reported that the product was easy to use and did not affect the usual sexual pleasure. However, men reported lack of sexual satisfaction.


INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION
Product characteristics received good acceptability score in women. However, studies of long-term safety and acceptability among at-risk population would provide more detailed information about its long term acceptability.
Association of stress coping strategies with Internet addiction in college students: The moderating effect of depression.

BACKGROUND
This study examined the association between stress-related coping strategies and Internet addiction and the moderating effect of depression in a sample of Taiwanese college students.


METHOD
A total of 500 college students (238 men and 262 women) participated in this study. Internet addiction was assessed using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. Participants' stress coping strategies and depressive symptoms were measured using the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced and the Beck Depression Inventory-II, respectively. We used t and chi-square tests to examine differences in demographic characteristics, depression, and stress coping strategies between participants with and without Internet addiction. Significant variables were used in a logistic regression model to examine the association between stress coping strategies and Internet addiction and the moderating effect of depression on the association.


RESULTS
Results indicated that use of restraint coping was negatively associated with Internet addiction (odds ratio [OR]=0.886, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.802-0.977), whereas denial (OR=1.177, 95% CI: 1.029-1.346) and mental disengagement (OR=2.673, 95% CI: 1.499-4.767) were positively associated with Internet addiction. Depression had a moderating effect on the association between denial and Internet addiction (OR=0.701, 95% CI: 0.530-0.927).


CONCLUSIONS
Stress coping strategies and depression are important factors to evaluate when developing intervention programs targeting college undergraduate students with Internet addiction.
Examining initial sleep onset in primary insomnia: a case-control study using 4-second epochs.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To explore the sleep onset process in primary insomnia patients, new rules for scoring 4-second epochs were implemented to score sleep and artifacts during initial sleep onset. Conventional scorings in 20-second and 60-second epochs were also obtained.


METHODS
The start of the initial 60-second epoch of stage 1 was used to define "time zero" (t0). Sleep onset periods from 11 patients and 11 individually age- and sex-matched controls spanned from 5 minutes before t0 through 29 minutes after t0. Using the new rules, the periods were scored blind to group assignment. This t0 time-referenced the data analysis to one plausible midpoint in the sleep onset process. In parallel, latencies were time-referenced from good night time.


RESULTS
Reliability in scoring sleep and artifacts was adequate (kappa = 0.68 & 0.63, respectively, p <0.001). Group differences in sleep latencies were marginal in 60-second and 20-second scoring but significant with a definition of 4-second sleep latency. Patients had more 4-second epochs scored as awake (Mantel-Haenszel chi2 = 271, d.f. = 1, p <0.001) and containing artifact (M-H chi2 = 143, p <0.001). Patients took longer to achieve 30 continuous 4-second epochs of NREM sleep (Breslow chi2 = 4.03, d.f. = 1, p = 0.045) after t0. Patients accumulated sleep more slowly with all 3 scoring rules after t0. A slower rate of accumulating sleep after t0 was detected only with the 4-second scoring (p = 0.047).


CONCLUSIONS
Evidence was present for momentary state-switching instabilities in the patients during the initial sleep onset process. Using rules for scoring small epochs may reveal such instabilities more readily than traditional scoring methods.
The practical impact of ontologies on biomedical informatics.

OBJECTIVES
To examine recent research work in the development and evaluation of controlled biomedical terminologies - especially, the representation of structured, controlled definitional knowledge about the terms themselves; such terminologies are often referred to as 'ontologies'.


METHODS
A review of the published literature using PubMed, as well as full-text searches of recent Medinfo and American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Symposia proceedings, searching for the terms 'ontology' and 'ontologies' and for articles discussing specific, prominent ontological work.


RESULTS
We summaries the ontologic aspects of twelve current terminology projects: Galen, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), the Medical Entities Dictionary (MED), SNOMED-CT, LOINC, the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), the Gene Ontology (GO), ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Diagnosis, NDF-RT, RxNorm, the NCI Thesaurus, and DOLCE+. We discuss the origins, domain, and ontologic representation of each of these and attempt to summarize the impact that each has had on terminologic work and biomedical applications. We also note the contributions of the Protégé tool to many of these efforts.


CONCLUSION
Terminologic research and development have advanced significantly in the past 20 years, especially since the recent orientation toward controlled biomedical ontologies. This work has had significant impact on the development of terminologies themselves, their acceptance and dissemination as standards, and their use in supporting biomedical information systems.
A Randomized Control Trial for Evaluating Efficacies of Two Online Cognitive Interventions With and Without Fear-Appeal Imagery Approaches in Preventing Unprotected Anal Sex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Fear appeal approach has been used in health promotion, but its effectiveness has been mixed. It has not been well applied to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). The present study developed and evaluated the relative efficacy of three online interventions (SC: STD-related cognitive approach, SCFI: STD-related cognitive plus fear appeal imagery approach, Control: HIV-related information based approach) in reducing prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among 396 MSM using a randomized controlled trial design. Participants’ levels of fear-related emotions immediately after watching the assigned intervention materials were also assessed. Participants were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after the intervention. Results showed that participants in the SCFI scored significantly higher in the instrument assessing fear after the watching the intervention materials. However, no statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in terms of UAI at Month 3. Some significant within-group reductions in some measures of UAI were found in three groups. Further studies are warranted to test the role of fear appeal in HIV prevention.
Investigation of kinesthetic and visual motor imagery differences during movement tasks using electroencephalograms

Motor imagery is classified as either kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI) or visual motor imagery (VMI). However, investigations to evaluate the type and characteristics of motor imagery using electroencephalography (EEG) have been limited. Here we examined differences in EEG characteristics during KMI, VMI, and no motor imagery (NMI). Differences in EEG during movement execution (ME) and movement observation (MO) were also examined. In subject S1, KMI and ME, and VMI and MO had similar tendencies. There was also a significant difference between KMI and VMI. It may therefore be possible to distinguish KMI from VMI using EEG.
A soft-switching active-clamp scheme for isolated full-bridge boost converter

In this paper, the isolated full-bridge boost converter with active clamp is described and a new active-clamping algorithm to improve the efficiency is suggested. In the proposed method, the resonance between the clamp capacitor and the leakage inductor is utilized to reduce switching losses. The loss analysis is performed by simulation and the improved performance is confirmed by experimental results.
Plantar fasciitis in athletes: diagnostic and treatment strategies. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is reported in different sports mainly in running and soccer athletes. Purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of published literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of PF in both recreational and élite athletes. The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement.


METHODS
The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus. As far as PF diagnosis, we investigated the electronic databases from January 2006 to June 2016, whereas in considering treatments all data in literature were investigated.


RESULTS
For both diagnosis and treatment, 17 studies matched inclusion criteria. The results have highlighted that the most frequently used diagnostic techniques were Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conventional, complementary, and alternative treatment approaches were assessed.


CONCLUSIONS
In reviewing literature, we were unable to find any specific diagnostic algorithm for PF in athletes, due to the fact that no different diagnostic strategies were used for athletes and non-athletes. As for treatment, a few literature data are available and it makes difficult to suggest practice guidelines. Specific studies are necessary to define the best treatment algorithm for both recreational and élite athletes.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Ib.
Fuzzy AHP-based decision support system for selecting ERP systems in textile industry by using balanced scorecard

An enterprise resource planning system (ERP) is the information backbone of a company that integrates and automates all business operations. It is a critical issue to select the suitable ERP system which meets all the business strategies and the goals of the company. This study presents an approach to select a suitable ERP system for textile industry. Textile companies have some difficulties to implement ERP systems such as variant structure of products, production variety and unqualified human resources. At first, the vision and the strategies of the organization are checked by using balanced scorecard. According to the company’s vision, strategies and KPIs, we can prepare a request for proposal. Then ERP packages that do not meet the requirements of the company are eliminated. After strategic management phase, the proposed methodology gives advice before ERP selection. The criteria were determined and then compared according to their importance. The rest ERP system solutions were selected to evaluate. An external evaluation team consisting of ERP consultants was assigned to select one of these solutions according to the predetermined criteria. In this study, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, a fuzzy extension of the multi-criteria decision-making technique AHP, was used to compare these ERP system solutions. The methodology was applied for a textile manufacturing company. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Letter To The Editor: On Borwein's Paper, "Adjoint Process Duality"

We give counterexamples for some statements of Borwein and sufficient conditions for the validity of these.
High-dose cholinergic therapy with rivastigmine patch does not prolong QTc time in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

To the Editor: Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely accepted as established therapeutic intervention across the entire severity spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease. However, fear of increased corrected QT interval (QTc) time is one of the main reasons for nonprescription of cholinergic drugs.1 While it is generally accepted that therapeutic efficacy of cholinergic therapy is dose dependent, a large number of patients are treated with a low dose for fear of dose-dependent increase of QTc time. Previous studies in small numbers of patients reported that treatment with a low and medium dose of donepezil2 and rivastigmine3 did not prolong QTc time, while treatment with galantamine was shown to be associated with some risk of QTc time prolongation.4 Since these data were obtained, higher doses of donepezil and rivastigmine have been licensed to be used in routine clinical practice. Appraisal of risk of QTc time prolongation with a high dose of any cholinergic drug is thus of great clinical importance to reduce potential undertreatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of the current analysis was to determine whether high-dose rivastigmine patch induces prolongation of QTc time in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Harmonic analysis of the exciter's exciting current of a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier

The harmonic contents and the waveform of the exciting current of the exciter concern the rotor faults of a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier very nearly. The principle of the fast Fourier transformer (FFT) in Matlab is described in this paper. Based on the work of Tian Mingxing et al., the harmonic contents of the exciting current of the exciter is calculated under the normal and fault conditions, and the results are confirmed by the values calculated and measured by Xio Leming (China ship repair, no.3, p.27-9, 1997). However, the present method is more facilely.
On the Exploration and Practice of Core Capabilities of Excellence Electronics Engineers

Based on the exploration of the structure of the core capabilities of excellence electronics engineers, this paper proposes to establish the cultivating approaches which can improve and enhance tangibly the students' inventiveness, applying and teamwork abilities meeting the demands of the regional electronics industries for the modern electronics engineering persons with ability through the creation of TRIZ innovative curriculum, the introduction of the research-type study, the implementation of the practice teaching model driven by projects and the promotion of the Second Classroom of “Technology Innovation”. Keywords-innovation; application; collaboration; engineer
Effect of Intensive Insulin Therapy Using a Closed-Loop Glycemic Control System in Hepatic Resection Patients

OBJECTIVE Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) reduces morbidity and mortality in patients in surgical intensive care units. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of IIT using a closed-loop system in hepatectomized patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive IIT using a closed-loop system: an artificial pancreas (AP group) or conventional insulin therapy using the sliding-scale method (SS group). RESULTS The incidence of surgical-site infection in the AP group was significantly lower than that in the SS group. The length of hospitalization required for patients in the AP group was significantly shorter than that in the SS group. CONCLUSIONS Total hospital costs for patients in the AP group were significantly lower than for patients in the SS group. IIT using a closed-loop system maintained near-normoglycemia and contributed to a reduction in the incidence of SSI and total hospital costs due to shortened hospitalization.
Effectiveness of clozapine, haloperidol and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia during a five-year period.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of low doses of clozapine in flexible regime in comparison with haloperidol and chlorpromazine in long term.


METHOD
The naturalistic study was prospective, active-controlled with 325 adult outpatients of both genders (140 females), with mean year age of 34.8 (range 21-57), suffering from chronic schizophrenia. The first onset of illness was at the mean of 27.9 years (range 17-38), and subjects had the mean year age of 4.1+/-0.5 previous relapses. The patients were allocated to receive haloperidol (105 subjects, dose range 2-15 mg), chlorpromazine (n=105, 100-400 mg) or clozapine (n=115, 75-600 mg). The scores of psychometric instruments (GWB, PANSS, CGI) were regularly assessed during 5 year period.


RESULTS
The sixty-six responders were included in per-protocol analysis: 12, 10 and 16 with positive and 7, 6 and 15 with negative schizophrenic syndrome in haloperidol, chlorpromazine and clozapine group, respectively. The statistically significant differences in all psychometric scores was found, for both schizophrenic syndromes, favoring clozapine. The distribution of eighteen different types of adverse events, which we noted, were significantly different among treatment groups ( chi2=315.7, df=34, p<0.001). Clozapine was safer and had fewer adverse effects (average of 0.9 adverse events per patient) than haloperidol (2.7) and chlorpromazine (3.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Clozapine, in low doses of flexible regime, in long term (five years) showed better effectiveness in chronic schizophrenics with positive and negative symptoms than typical antipsychotics.
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma from skin or soft tissue: suggestion of treatment from multinational retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND
Clinical features and outcomes of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) arising from extranasal sites are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to study the prognosis and treatment outcome of skin/soft tissue primary ENKL.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This multicenter retrospective study included 48 patients with skin/soft tissue primary ENKL diagnosed from 1993 to 2010.


RESULTS
Patients with Ann Arbor stage I, T1-2N0M0 by International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas-European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage, International prognostic index score of 0-1, and a Korean prognostic index (KPI) score of 0-1 were associated with better survival. Four of five patients with T1-2N0M0 disease achieved complete response with radiation alone. In disseminated disease, only 6 of 13 patients responded to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and all the two patients receiving SMILE showed response.


CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we identified the prognostic value of KPI, and we suggest a treatment recommendation according to the TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage. Radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy seemed to be optimal in localized disease. In advanced stages, a more aggressive treatment regimen with newer agents should be sought.
Titanium Corrosion Mechanisms in the Oral Environment: A Retrieval Study

Corrosion of titanium dental implants has been associated with implant failure and is considered one of the triggering factors for peri-implantitis. This corrosion is concerning, because a large amount of metal ions and debris are generated in this process, the accumulation of which may lead to adverse tissue reactions in vivo. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanisms for implant degradation by evaluating the surface of five titanium dental implants retrieved due to peri-implantitis. The results demonstrated that all the implants were subjected to very acidic environments, which, in combination with normal implant loading, led to cases of severe implant discoloration, pitting attack, cracking and fretting-crevice corrosion. The results suggest that acidic environments induced by bacterial biofilms and/or inflammatory processes may trigger oxidation of the surface of titanium dental implants. The corrosive process can lead to permanent breakdown of the oxide film, which, besides releasing metal ions and debris in vivo, may also hinder re-integration of the implant surface with surrounding bone.