LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An enhanced transmission line model for conducting wires

The "standard" transmission line model describes accurately the propagation of electric signals along conducting wires, if the distance between them is much smaller than both their length and the smallest characteristic wavelength of the signals. This paper presents an "enhanced" transmission line model that is able to describe the propagation along perfectly conducting wires in a homogeneous dielectric, and also when the distance between the wires is comparable with the smallest characteristic wavelength of the signals. The enhanced model is obtained, with suitable approximations, starting from a full-wave analysis of the problem and using an integral formulation based on the electromagnetic potentials satisfying the Lorentz gauge. It differs from the standard transmission line model, only in its constitutive relations, that is, in the relation between the per unit length (p.u.l.) magnetic flux and the current intensity, and in the relation between the electric voltage and the p.u.l. electric charge. In the standard model, these relations are of the algebraic type, and in the enhanced one they are of the convolution type, expressing nothing more than a very simple physical fact: the values of the p.u.l. flux and voltage at the generic abscissa along the wires depend on the entire distribution of the current and the p.u.l. charge, respectively. The kernels of the convolution integrals have the logarithmic singularity typical of the surface distributions and takes into account proximity effects. The solution of the enhanced model highlights the high-frequency effects due to dispersion and radiation that the standard model is unable to provide. Good agreement with the solutions obtained by a full-wave electromagnetic numerical code is achieved.
Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the overlap in burnout and depression.


METHOD
The sample comprised 1,386 schoolteachers (mean [M]age = 43; Myears taught = 15; 77% women) from 18 different U.S. states. We assessed burnout, using the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure, and depression, using the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire.


RESULTS
Treated dimensionally, burnout and depressive symptoms were strongly correlated (.77; disattenuated correlation, .84). Burnout and depressive symptoms were similarly correlated with each of 3 stress-related factors, stressful life events, job adversity, and workplace support. In categorical analyses, 86% of the teachers identified as burned out met criteria for a provisional diagnosis of depression. Exploratory analyses revealed a link between burnout and anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence that past research has underestimated burnout-depression overlap. The state of burnout is likely to be a form of depression. Given the magnitude of burnout-depression overlap, treatments for depression may help workers identified as "burned out."
PhaseLift: Exact and Stable Signal Recovery from Magnitude Measurements via Convex Programming

Suppose we wish to recover a signal x ∈ Cn from m intensity measurements of the form |〈x,zi〉|, i = 1,2, . . . ,m; that is, from data in which phase information is missing. We prove that if the vectors zi are sampled independently and uniformly at random on the unit sphere, then the signal x can be recovered exactly (up to a global phase factor) by solving a convenient semidefinite program— a trace-norm minimization problem; this holds with large probability provided that m is on the order of n logn, and without any assumption about the signal whatsoever. This novel result demonstrates that in some instances, the combinatorial phase retrieval problem can be solved by convex programming techniques. Finally, we also prove that our methodology is robust vis a vis additive noise. c © 2000 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Scalable Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized Printed Dipole Antenna for Base Station Applications

Abstract—A novel compact wideband dual-polarized printed dipole antenna for base station application is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of four assembled substrates. Two pairs of identical arrow-shaped conductive lines on the tophat substrate form two orthogonal polarized dipoles. Two baluns connected with 50 Ω coaxial cables are integrated on another two vertical substrates to excite the dipoles. The other horizontal board at bottom provides grounding. A rectangular boxshaped reflector is also used to enhance its stability in radiation patterns over the operating frequencies. It achieves 22% size reduction from the conventional printed half-wavelength cross-dipole, and 43.2% impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2), while maintaining a stable radiation pattern with measured CrossPolarization Degradation (XPD) better than −22 dB at boresight and an average peak gain of 8.4 dBi for a 65◦ Azimuth Beamwidth base station application at 700/800/900 MHz bands. With the scalable miniature structure, it may also find itself suitable for side-by-side multiband Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) or Large-Scale Antenna (LSA) 5G base station applications. A 4 × 4 array prototype of the LSA is also designed and fabricated, and it achieves 27.8% impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 1.5) with well decorrelated element performance and array XPD better than −20 dB across as large as 30◦ tilting range.
A Biomedical Information Extraction Primer for NLP Researchers

Biomedical Information Extraction is an exciting field at the crossroads of Natural Language Processing, Biology and Medicine. It encompasses a variety of different tasks that require application of state-of-the-art NLP techniques, such as NER and Relation Extraction. This paper provides an overview of the problems in the field and discusses some of the techniques used for solving them.
An Image Embedding in Image by a Complexity Based Region Segmentation Method

This paper describes a new technique to embed secret data into a dummy image by using image segmentation based on a local complexity measure. The key idea to this approach is that a binary image can be categorized as “informative” and “noise-like” regions , which are segmented by a “complexity measure.” If the embedding data is noiselike, we can hide it in the noise-like region of the dummy image. If a part of embedding data is simple, then we apply “image conjugate” operation to it. This operation transforms a simple pattern into a complex pattern. In our experiment, we could embed two color images in a 512 512 (8bits/pixel) size gray image(which was dummy) without losing any information. The total amount of the two embedded images was 115KB, which was about 45 % of the dummy image.
Equivalence of a single dose (1200 mg) compared to a three-time a day dose (400 mg) of chondroitin 4&6 sulfate in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Results of a randomized double blind placebo controlled study.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of a 1200 mg sachet of chondroitin 4&6 sulfate (CS 1200) vs three daily capsules of chondroitin 4&6 sulfate 400 mg (CS 3*400) (equivalence study) and vs placebo (superiority study) during 3 months, in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).


DESIGN
Comparative, double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, including 353 patients of both genders over 45 years with knee OA. Minimum inclusion criteria were a Lequesne index (LI) ≥ 7 and pain ≥ 40 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS). LI and VAS were assessed at baseline and after 1-3 months. Equivalence between CS was tested using the per-protocol procedure and superiority of CS vs placebo was tested using an intent-to-treat procedure.


RESULTS
After 3 months of follow-up, no significant difference was demonstrated between the oral daily single dose of CS 1200 formulation and the three daily capsules of CS 400. Patients treated with CS 1200 or CS 3*400 were significantly improved compared to placebo after 3 months of follow-up in terms of LI (<0.001) and VAS (P < 0.01). No significant difference in terms of security and tolerability was observed between the three groups.


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that a daily administration of an oral sachet of 1200 mg of chondroitin 4&6 sulfate allows a significant clinical improvement compared to a placebo, and a similar improvement when compared to a regimen of three daily capsules of 400 mg of the same active ingredient.
Enzyme Polymorphism in Warfarin Dose Management After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

BACKGROUND
Warfarin is an anticoagulant and is widely used for the prevention of thromboembolic events. Genetic variants of the enzymes that metabolize warfarin, i.e. cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1), contribute to differences in patients' responses to various warfarin doses. There is, however, a dearth of data on the role of these variants during initial anticoagulation in pediatric patients.


OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the role of genetic variants of warfarin metabolizing enzymes in anticoagulation in a pediatric population.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this prospective cohort study, 200 pediatric patients, who required warfarin therapy after cardiac surgery, were enrolled and divided into two groups. For 50 cases, warfarin was prescribed based on their genotyping (group 1) and for the remaining 150 cases, warfarin was prescribed based on our institute routine warfarin dosing (group 2). The study endpoints were comprised of time to reach the first therapeutic international normalization ratio (INR), time to reach a stable warfarin maintenance dose, time with over-anticoagulation, bleeding episodes, hospital stay days and stable warfarin maintenance dose.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference concerning the demographic data between the two groups. The time to stable warfarin maintenance dose and hospital stay days were significantly lower in group 1 (P <0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in time to reach the first therapeutic INR, time with over-anticoagulation and bleeding episodes, between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The determination of warfarin dose, based on genotyping, might reduce the time to achieve stable anticoagulation of warfarin dose and length of hospital stay.
Evaluating spoken dialogue systems according to de-facto standards: A case study

In the present paper, we investigate the validity and reliability of de-facto evaluation standards, defined for measuring or predicting the quality of the interaction with spoken dialogue systems. Two experiments have been carried out with a dialogue system for controlling domestic devices. During these experiments, subjective judgments of quality have been collected by two questionnaire methods (ITU-T Rec. P.851 and SASSI), and parameters describing the interaction have been logged and annotated. Both metrics served the derivation of prediction models according to the PARADISE approach. Although the limited database allows only tentative conclusions to be drawn, the results suggest that both questionnaire methods provide valid measurements of a large number of different quality aspects; most of the perceptive dimensions underlying the subjective judgments can also be measured with a high reliability. The extracted parameters mainly describe quality aspects which are directly linked to the system, environmental and task characteristics. Used as an input to prediction models, the parameters provide helpful information for system design and optimization, but not general predictions of system usability and acceptability. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Integral and Networked Home Automation Solution towards Indoor Ambient Intelligence

We have been listening for a long time to the wide functionality that home automation technologies can offer for improving our lives and adding security to our houses. However the price and an unstable domotics market have restricted the deployment of such systems. Nowadays, companies offer too technology-dependent solutions which do not cover user demands completely. Meanwhile, works in the literature focus on small innovations on specific parts of home automation systems, which do not consider integration and deployment issues in order to present practical designs. The system presented in this work considers user requirements, including novel advances, all in an integral home automation solution suitable for many services. The modular nature of the architecture allows direct adaptation to specific cases using standard domotic technologies, for managing in-house devices, and a proposal of an IP-based network for connecting the main home automation module with the rest of platform elements. A remote security system has been developed and managing tasks are enabled by in-home control panels and an advanced 3D application for local/remote homeowner access. The system has been deployed on a prototype house, where a wide set of domotic services have been tested. Moreover, the range of indoor pervasive applications has also been extended to eHealth, elderly adaptation, greenhouse automation and energy efficiency.
Convergent validity of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to use a meta-analytic approach to examine the convergent validity of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).


DESIGN
Systematic review by meta-analysis.


SETTING
The relevant studies were surveyed from five electronic databases. Primary outcomes of interest were the product-moment correlation coefficients between IPAQ and other instruments. Five separate meta-analyses were performed for each physical activity (PA) category of IPAQ: walking, moderate PA (MPA), total moderate PA (TMPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and total PA (TPA). The corrected mean effect size (ESρ) unaffected by statistical artefacts (i.e., sampling error and reliability) was calculated for each PA category. Selected moderator variables were length of IPAQ (i.e., short and long form), reference period (i.e., last 7 d and usual week), mode of administration (i.e., interviewer and self-reported), language (i.e., English and translated) and instruments (i.e., accelerometer, pedometer and subjective measure).


SUBJECTS
A total of 152 ESρ across five PA categories were retrieved from twenty-one studies.


RESULTS
The results showed small- to medium-sized ESρ (0.27-0.49). The highest value was observed in VPA while the lowest value was found in MPA. The ESρ were differentiated by some of the moderator variables across PA categories.


CONCLUSIONS
The study shows the overall convergent validity of IPAQ within each PA category. Some differences in degree of convergent validity across PA categories and moderator variables imply that different research conditions should be taken into account prior to deciding on use of the appropriate type of IPAQ.
STOCK MARKET AND MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES: EVIDENCES FROM LITHUANIA

The stock market has been historically viewed as a reliable instrument to indicate economic processes. However, contemporary papers reveal the controversy of the issue. A clear understanding of stock market determinants is vital for investors, regulators, and academic researchers. Therefore, future researches are required to further explore this issue. The present paper analyzes relationships between a group of macroeconomic variables and the Lithuanian stock market index, i.e. OMX Vilnius index. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether stock prices may serve as a leading indicator for macroeconomic variables in Lithuanian economy or a group of macroeconomic variables may serve as a leading indicator for stock returns in Lithuania. Granger causality tests have been employed to estimate the relationship between the OMXV index and 40 macroeconomic variables depicting the health of Lithuanian economy from December 1999 to March 2008. The research reveals that some macroeconomic variables (e.g., GDP deflator, net export, foreign direct investment, etc.) lead Lithuanian stock market returns, some macroeconomic variables (e.g., GDP, material investment, construction volume index, etc.) are led by the OMXV index and, finally, some macroeconomic indices (e.g., money supply, payment balance, etc.) and the stock market returns Grangercause each other.
Epidemiology and outcome of burns: early experience at the country's first national burns centre.

This study aims to document the epidemiologic pattern and outcome of burn injuries in the country's first national burn centre. This case series study was conducted over a 2-year period at Burns Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. The study included all burn injury patients who primarily presented to and were managed at the centre. Those patients who presented more than 24 h after injury or those who were initially managed at some other hospital were excluded from the study. Initial assessment and diagnosis was made by thorough history, physical examination and necessary investigations. Patients with major burns, high voltage electric burns and those needing any surgical interventions were admitted for indoor management. Patients with minor burns were discharged home after necessary emergency management, home medication and follow-up advice. The sociodemographic profile of the patients, site of sustaining burn injury, type and extent (total body surface area (TBSA), skin thickness involved and associated inhalational injury) of burn and outcome in terms of survival or mortality, etc., were all recorded on a proforma. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Out of a total of 13,295 patients, there were 7503 (56.43%) males and 5792 (43.56%) females. The mean age for adults was 33.63±10.76 years and for children it was 6.71±3.47 years. The household environment constituted the commonest site of burns (68%). Among all age groups and both genders, scalds were the commonest burns (42.48%), followed by flame burns (39%) and electrical burns (9.96%). The affected mean TBSA was 10.64±11.45% overall, while for the hospitalised subset of patients the mean TBSA was 38.04±15.18%. Most of the burns were partial thickness (67%). Inhalation injury was found among 149 (1.12%) patients. Most of the burns were non-intentional and only 96 (0.72%) were intentional. A total of 1405 patients (10.58%) were admitted while the remainder 11890 patients (89.43%) were managed on an outdoor basis. The mean hospital stay was 12.16±6.07 days (range 2-73 days). There were 197 deaths among the hospitalised patients constituting a 14% mortality rate for the hospitalised subset of patients, while there was an overall mortality rate of 1.48% for the entire study population.
Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources

DAVID bioinformatics resources consists of an integrated biological knowledgebase and analytic tools aimed at systematically extracting biological meaning from large gene/protein lists. This protocol explains how to use DAVID, a high-throughput and integrated data-mining environment, to analyze gene lists derived from high-throughput genomic experiments. The procedure first requires uploading a gene list containing any number of common gene identifiers followed by analysis using one or more text and pathway-mining tools such as gene functional classification, functional annotation chart or clustering and functional annotation table. By following this protocol, investigators are able to gain an in-depth understanding of the biological themes in lists of genes that are enriched in genome-scale studies.
Psychosocial factors predicted nonrecovery in both specific and nonspecific diagnoses at arm, neck, and shoulder.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the differences in predictors of nonrecovery between patients with a specific diagnosis at arm, neck, and/or shoulder, vs. patients with a nonspecific diagnosis in general practice at 6 months after the first consultation.


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
New consulters with nontraumatic arm, neck, or shoulder complaints entered the cohort. Patient, complaint, and physical, psychosocial, and work characteristics were evaluated as possible predictors. Logistic regression analyses were conducted for the specific and nonspecific groups separately.


RESULTS
At 6 months, 38% (n=298) of the specific-group members and 49% (n=249) of the nonspecific-group members reported nonrecovery. Univariately, similar variables were related in both groups, although their strength sometimes differed. Multivariately, duration of complaints was predictive of nonrecovery in both groups. Other predictors in the specific group were as follows: more somatization, low social support, older age, high body mass index, and unemployment. In the nonspecific group, the predictors were as follows: musculoskeletal comorbidity, recurrent complaint, poor perceived general health, multiple-region complaints, and high level of kinesiophobia.


CONCLUSION
At 6 months, nonrecovery was reported more frequently in the group of patients with a nonspecific diagnosis. The predictive value of psychosocial factors on nonrecovery is at least of equal importance in patients with a specific diagnosis compared with patients with a nonspecific diagnosis.
Sokkuram：Buddhist monument and political statement in Korea.(Buddhist Archaeology)

Abstract A brief historical setting of Sokkuram in the context of Silla unification of Korea will be followed by a further brief cultural setting of this temple ‐ considering it a product of both an international Buddhism and an ‘international style’. The first discussion deals with those aspects which set Sokkuram apart from its Asian rock‐cut temple equivalents. It will consider what type of Buddhist building Sokkuram is, some Asian prototypes, the method of construction, its architectural elements and decoration, and a comparison with the Yungang and Longmen sites in China. The second discussion deals with the political significance of Sokkuram, taking the building as part of a national programme of State Buddhism comparable with other east Asian countries at that time, and it considers the temple's siting, orientation and use of iconography to underline a political, as well as a religious, message.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes following a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and assess what maternal antepartum, postpartum, and neonatal factors are predictive of later development of type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis on 5,470 GDM patients and 783 control subjects who presented for postnatal follow-up at the Mercy Hospital for Women between 1971 and 2003.


RESULTS
Risk of developing diabetes increased with time of follow-up for both groups and was 9.6 times greater for patients with GDM. The cumulative risk of developing type 2 diabetes for the GDM patients was 25.8% at 15 years postdiagnosis. Predictive factors for the development of type 2 diabetes were use of insulin (hazard ratio 3.5), Asian origin compared with Caucasian (2.1), and 1-h blood glucose (1.3 for every 1 mmol increase above 10.1 mmol). BMI was associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but did not meet the assumption of proportional hazards required for valid inference when using Cox proportional hazards.


CONCLUSIONS
While specific predictive factors for the later development of type 2 diabetes can be identified in the index pregnancy, women with a history of GDM, as a group, are worthy of long-term follow-up to ameliorate their excess cardiovascular risk.