LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Aggression and Violent Behavior Bullying and the peer group : A review

a r t i c l e i n f o It is often stated that bullying is a " group process " , and many researchers and policymakers share the belief that interventions against bullying should be targeted at the peer-group level rather than at individual bullies and victims. There is less insight into what in the group level should be changed and how, as the group processes taking place at the level of the peer clusters or school classes have not been much elaborated. This paper reviews the literature on the group involvement in bullying, thus providing insight into the individuals' motives for participation in bullying, the persistence of bullying, and the adjustment of victims across different peer contexts. Interventions targeting the peer group are briefly discussed and future directions for research on peer processes in bullying are suggested. Bullying is a subtype of aggressive behavior, in which an individual or a group of individuals repeatedly attacks, humiliates, and/or excludes a relatively powerless person. The majority of studies on the topic have been conducted in schools, focusing on bullying among the concept of bullying is used to refer to peer-to-peer bullying among school-aged children and youth, when not otherwise mentioned. It is known that a sizable minority of primary and secondary school students is involved in peer-to-peer bullying either as perpetrators or victims — or as both, being both bullied themselves and harassing others. In WHO's Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey (HBSC, see Craig & Harel, 2004), the average prevalence of victims across the 35 countries involved was 11%, whereas bullies represented another 11%. Children who report both bullying others and being bullied by others (so-called bully–victims) were not identified in the HBSC study, but other studies have shown that approximately 4–6% of the children can be classified as bully–victims (Haynie et al., 2001; Nansel et al., 2001). Bullying constitutes a serious risk for the psychosocial and academic adjustment of both victims
Learning to Act Using Real-Time Dynamic Programming

Learning methods based on dynamic programming (DP) are receiving increasing attention in arti cial intelligence. Researchers have argued that DP provides the appropriate basis for compiling planning results into reactive strategies for real-time control, as well as for learning such strategies when the system being controlled is incompletely known. We introduce an algorithm based on DP, which we call Real-Time DP (RTDP), by which an embedded system can improve its performance with experience. RTDP generalizes Korf's Learning-Real-Time-A* algorithm to problems involving uncertainty. We invoke results from the theory of asynchronous DP to prove that RTDP achieves optimal behavior in several di erent classes of problems. We also use the theory of asynchronous DP to illuminate aspects of other DP-based reinforcement learning methods such as Watkins' Q-Learning algorithm. A secondary aim of this article is to provide a bridge between AI research on real-time planning and learning and relevant concepts and algorithms from control theory. 1
Shared genetic contributions to anxiety disorders and pathological gambling in a male population.

BACKGROUND
Pathological gambling (PG) frequently co-occurs with anxiety disorders. However, the extent to which the co-occurrence is related to genetic or environmental factors across PG and anxiety disorders is not known.


METHOD
Data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (n=7869, male twins) were examined in bivariate models to estimate genetic and shared and unique environmental contributions to PG and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and PG and panic disorder (PD).


RESULTS
While both genetic and unique environmental factors contributed individually to PG, GAD, and PD, the best fitting model indicated that the relationship between PG and GAD was attributable predominantly to shared genetic contributions (r(A)=0.53). In contrast, substantial correlations were observed between both the genetic (r(A)=0.34) and unique environmental (r(E)=0.31) contributions to PG and PD.


LIMITATIONS
Results may be limited to middle aged males.


CONCLUSIONS
The existence of shared genetic contributions between PG and both GAD and PD suggests that specific genes, perhaps those involved in affect regulation or stress responsiveness, contribute to PG and anxiety disorders. Overlapping environmental contributions to the co-occurrence of PG and PD suggest that common life experiences (e.g., early life trauma) contribute to both PG and PD. Conversely, the data suggest that distinct environmental factors contribute to PG and GAD (e.g., early onset of gambling in PG). Future studies should examine the relationship between PG and anxiety disorders amongst other populations (women and adolescents) to identify specific genetic and environmental influences that account for the manifestation of these disorders and their co-occurrences.
Optimal and near-optimal inventory control policies for a make-to-order inventory-production system

This paper examines several inventory replenishment policies for a make-to-order inventory–production system that consists of a production workshop and a warehouse. Demands arrive to the production workshop according to a Poisson process, and are processed in an FCFS manner. The production workshop requires that the warehouse provides, as needed, raw materials for use in the production process. The warehouse inventory is replenished according to an inventory replenishment policy. The optimal replenishment policy, which minimizes the average total cost per product, is derived using a Markov decision process approach. The structure of the optimal replenishment policy is explored. Simple ‘‘order-up-to’’, ‘‘myopic’’, and heuristic replenishment policies are introduced. The myopic and heuristic replenishment policies are easy to compute, and yet perform almost as well as the optimal replenishment policy. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
IT support for healthcare processes - premises, challenges, perspectives

Healthcare processes require the cooperation of different organizational units and medical disciplines. In such an environment optimal process support becomes crucial. Though healthcare processes frequently change, and therefore the separation of the flow logic from the application code seems to be promising, workflow technology has not yet been broadly used in healthcare environments. In this paper we elaborate both the potential and the essential limitations of IT support for healthcare processes. We identify different levels of process support in healthcare, and distinguish between organizational processes and the medical treatment process. To recognize the limitations of IT support we adopt a broad socio-technical perspective based on scientific literature and personal experience. Despite of the limitations we identified, undeniably, IT has a huge potential to improve healthcare quality which has not been explored by current IT solutions. In particular, we indicate how advanced process management technology can improve IT support for healthcare processes. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Deep Image Features in Music Information Retrieval

Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to various problems have been the subject of a number of recent studies ranging from image classification and object detection to scene parsing, segmentation 3D volumetric images and action recognition in videos. CNNs are able to learn input data representation, instead of using fixed engineered features. In this study, the image model trained on CNN were applied to a Music Information Retrieval (MIR), in particular to musical genre recognition. The model was trained on ILSVRC-2012 (more than 1 million natural images) to perform image classification and was reused to perform genre classification using spectrograms images. Harmonic/percussive separation was applied, because it is characteristic for musical genre. At final stage, the evaluation of various strategies of merging Support Vector Machines (SVMs) was performed on well known in MIR community GTZAN dataset. Even though, the model was trained on natural images, the results achieved in this study were close to the state-of-the-art. Keywords—music information retrieval, deep learning, genre classification, convolutional neural networks, transfer learning
Predictors of failed attendances in a multi-specialty outpatient centre using electronic databases

BACKGROUND
Failure to keep outpatient medical appointments results in inefficiencies and costs. The objective of this study is to show the factors in an existing electronic database that affect failed appointments and to develop a predictive probability model to increase the effectiveness of interventions.


METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted on outpatient clinic attendances at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore from 2000 to 2004. 22864 patients were randomly sampled for analysis. The outcome measure was failed outpatient appointments according to each patient's latest appointment.


RESULTS
Failures comprised of 21% of all appointments and 39% when using the patients' latest appointment. Using odds ratios from the mutliple logistic regression analysis, age group (0.75 to 0.84 for groups above 40 years compared to below 20 years), race (1.48 for Malays, 1.61 for Indians compared to Chinese), days from scheduling to appointment (2.38 for more than 21 days compared to less than 7 days), previous failed appointments (1.79 for more than 60% failures and 4.38 for no previous appointments, compared with less than 20% failures), provision of cell phone number (0.10 for providing numbers compared to otherwise) and distance from hospital (1.14 for more than 14 km compared to less than 6 km) were significantly associated with failed appointments. The predicted probability model's diagnostic accuracy to predict failures is more than 80%.


CONCLUSION
A few key variables have shown to adequately account for and predict failed appointments using existing electronic databases. These can be used to develop integrative technological solutions in the outpatient clinic.
Changing insurance company claims handling processes improves some outcomes for people injured in road traffic crashes

BACKGROUND
Regaining good health and returning to work are important for people injured in road traffic crashes and for society. The handling of claims by insurance companies may play an important role in the rate at which health recovers and return to work is actually attained.


METHODS
A novel approach towards claims handling for people injured in road traffic accidents was compared to the standard approach. The setting was a large insurance company (NRMA Insurance) in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The new approach involved communicating effectively with injured people, early intervention, screening for adverse prognostic factors and focusing on early return to work and usual activities. Demographic and injury data, health outcomes, return to work and usual activities were collected at baseline and 7 months post-injury.


RESULTS
Significant differences were found 7 months post-injury on 'caseness' of depression (p = 0.04), perceived health limitation on activities (p = 0.03), and self-reported return to usual activities (p = 0.01) with the intervention group scoring better. Baseline general health was a significant predictor for general health at 7 months (OR 11.6, 95% CI 2.7-49.4) and for return to usual activities (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.3-9.3).


CONCLUSION
We found a few positive effects on health from a new claims handling method by a large insurance company. It may be most effective to target people who report low general health and low expectations for their health recovery when they file their claim.
Evolutionary Biology: Genomic Clues to Original Sex in Fungi

Sexual identity in fungi is conferred by a diverse group of transcription factors. Analysis of a Zygomycota genome, representing a basal branch within the fungi, indicates that HMG-domain proteins were present as ancestral sex determinants and suggests a mechanism for the evolution of eukaryotic sex chromosomes.
An Implementation of Data Pre-Processing for Small Dataset

Pre-processing in data mining played essential role for enhancing data quality. The basic concept behind is that, learning with accurate and high quality data may provide more efficient classification results as compared to learning with poor quality of data. In this presented paper a pre-processing technique is implemented with slight modification which is based on the technique given in [1]. In this paper a promising approach of data pre-processing is provided which utilizes a fuzzy technique in order to improve the data quality. The implementation of available technique is performed using MATLAB. Additionally, the improved fuzzy technique is also implemented with it. The results demonstrate the effectiveness in classification accuracy after implementation of both techniques. Finally, the obtained results favour the proposed model for enhancing the performance of classifiers in both manners supervised and unsupervised manner.
Load model for prediction of electric vehicle charging demand

Increasing environmental concerns, the decarbonisation of future auto industry, the consequent regulatory requirements and the depletion of oil have made the fuel independent battery electric vehicle (EV), with zero emission increasingly more attractive as practical and economical alternative to the gasoline fuelled car. The expected increasing number of EV connected to power systems for charging will have significant impact on power systems, such as generation capacity, transformer loading level, line congestion level and load profile, among which, the impact of EV charging load on the system load profile claims most attention. This paper develops a methodology to determine the EV battery charging load on the power system load profile. Three scenarios were simulated, comprising uncontrolled charging, controlled off-peak charging and smart charging. The proposed method in this paper takes into account the initial state of charge and start time of EV battery charging. Results show that uncontrolled charging will impose a new peak to the system and may cause congestion issues to local network. Controlled off-peak charging can shift EVs charging load to an off-peak time, however, EV can also introduce a new peak or near peak in early off-peak time. Smart charging method which optimises the start time of EVs charging is the most beneficial charging method to both distribution network operator and EV users.
To what extent residual alveolar ridge can be preserved by implant? A systematic review

BACKGROUND
It has been reported that the load for (or to) implant-supported restoration may lead to bone remodeling as bone resorption and/or formation. While many authors supported the process of bone resorption, others elaborated bone apposition and increasing bone density close and remote to implant body (or fixture). This may suggest the role of the implant to reserve alveolar ridge from physiologic/pathologic resorption. The aim of this systematic review was to predict to how extend dental implants can preserve the residual alveolar ridge based on previous clinical investigations.


METHODS
This systematic review based on the retrospective and prospective studies, randomized clinical trial, and case reports. The process of searching for proposed articles included PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases, with specific inclusion and exclusion criterion.


RESULTS
A total 2139 citations were identified. After expunging the repeated articles between databases and application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 18 articles were found to meet the topic of this systematic review. Many of the articles reported bone preservation with implant-assisted restorations, and the rest denoted noticeable bone apposition.


CONCLUSION
According to the published clinical studies, the behavior of bone remodeling around implant predicts a sort of residual alveolar bone preservation.
Defining the insider threat

Many diverse groups have studied the insider threat problem, including government organizations such as the Secret Service, federally-funded research organizations such as RAND and CERT, and university researchers. In addition, many industry participants are interested in the problem, such as those in the financial sector. However, despite this interest, no consistent definition of an insider has emerged.
A framework for designing closed domain virtual assistants

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.08.177 ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: C/Daniel Saucedo Spain. Tel.: +34 958 246163; fax: +34 958 243317. E-mail addresses: eisman@decsai.ugr.es (E.M. E (V. López), castro@decsai.ugr.es (J.L. Castro). Since its beginning in 1969, the Internet has grown rapidly, especially over the past few years. Companies and organizations store more and more information about themselves on the Internet. Sometimes, that information is not well organized. Other times, the huge volume of available data makes useful information difficult to be found. The result is that users have to waste their time looking for what they want to know using the traditional menu-driven navigation and keyword search that websites provide. This is a critical issue because it decreases users interest about companies. In order to avoid this problem, in this paper we propose a framework for designing virtual assistants, which are, considering first results, an ideal alternative to help users find, not only the information that they are looking for, but also some related information which could be of the highest interest. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phase I study to the immunotherapy of metastatic malignant melanoma by a cancer vaccine consisting of autologous cancer cells transfected with the human IL-2 gene

Vienna: 30 November 1994 Würzburg: 7 February 1995 Freiburg: 7 February 1995 Registration of protocol with state authority AMB: 7 November 1994 Bfarm: 30 October 1994 Registration of product with federal authority (Paul-Ehrlich-Institut) 30 December 1994 Therapeutic gene Human interleukin-2 Regulatory element(s) CMV promoter Vector constructed by Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria Vector produced by Bender & Co., Vienna, Austria Transfer method Receptor-mediated, adenovirus enhanced gene transfer (transferinfection) in vitro Packaging cells N/A Target cells Autologous human malignant melanoma cells Indication Metastatic malignant melanoma (stage IV) First patient enrolled 15 December 1994 (Vienna) Patient number 12 evaluable patients Expected accrual rate 3 patients per month
Outcomes of infants born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVE:Limited population-based data on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and pregnancy outcomes exist. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between maternal IBD status and adverse pregnancy outcomes.METHODS:Using computerized birth records of infants born to mothers with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and mothers without diagnoses of IBD (no-IBD) in Washington State, we performed a cross-sectional retrospective study to determine gestational age, birth weight, and congenital malformations.RESULTS:Preterm delivery was seen in 15.2% of CD births, 10.4% of UC births, and 7.2% of no-IBD births. Low birth weight was found in 16.8% of CD births, 7.6% of UC births, and 5.3% of no-IBD births. Smallness for gestational age was present in 15.2% of CD births, 10.5% of UC births, and 6.9% of no-IBD births. Only CD births were at significantly increased risk of preterm delivery (p < 0.0025), low birth weight (p < 0.001), and smallness for gestational age (p < 0.001). Congenital malformations were more commonly recorded in UC births than in controls (7.9% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001), whereas 3.4% of CD births had malformations recorded. Using multivariable logistic regression, CD births were more likely to be preterm (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4–3.8) and have low birth weights (OR = 3.6, CI = 2.2–5.9) and smallness for gestational age (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.3–3.9). UC births were more likely to have congenital malformations reported (OR = 3.8, CI = 1.5–9.8).CONCLUSIONS:Maternal IBD is associated with increased odds of preterm delivery, low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (CD), and reporting of congenital malformations (UC).
Load dependence of simulated central tremor

Previous studies have argued that tremors of central versus peripheral origin can be distinguished based on their load dependence: the frequency of peripheral tremor decreases when a weight is added to the tremulous limb, while the frequency of central tremors remains unchanged. The present study scrutinizes the latter statement. We simulated central tremor using a simple network of coupled neural oscillators, which receives proprioceptive feedback from the motor periphery. The network produced a self-sustained, stable oscillation. When the gain of proprioceptive feedback was high, oscillation frequency decreased in the presence of an inertial load. When the gain was low, the oscillation frequency was load independent. We conclude that load dependence is not an exclusive property of peripheral tremors but may be found in tremors of central origin as well. Therefore, the load test is not sufficient to reject a central tremor origin.
Determinants of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions

Despite the fact that one-third of worldwide mergers involve firms from different countries, the vast majority of the academic literature on mergers studies domestic mergers. What little has been written about cross-border mergers has focused on public firms, usually from the United States. Yet, the vast majority of cross-border mergers involve private firms that are not from the United States. We provide an analysis of a sample of 56,978 cross-border mergers occurring between 1990 and 2007. In addition to the factors that motivate domestic mergers, national borders are associated with additional factors that also affect the likelihood that two firms choose to merge. Specifically, geography, the quality of accounting disclosure, and bilateral trade increase the likelihood of mergers between two countries. In addition, valuation appears to play a role in motivating mergers; firms in countries whose stock market has increased in value, whose currency has recently appreciated, and who have a relatively high market to book value tend to be purchasers, and firms from weaker-performing economies tend to be targets. * Contact information: Isil Erel, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210: email: erel@fisher.osu.edu; Rose C. Liao, Department of Finance and Economics, Rutgers Business School at Newark and New Brunswick, Room 1152, 1 Washington Park, Newark, NJ, 07102: email: liao@business.rutgers.edu; Michael S. Weisbach, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, email: weisbach.2@osu.edu. We would like to thank Anup Agrawal, Malcolm Baker, Phil Davies, Mara Faccio, Charlie Hadlock, Campbell Harvey, Jim Hines, Andrew Karolyi, Simi Kedia, Sandy Klasa, Tanakorn Makaew, Pedro Matos, Taylor Nadauld, John Sedunov, Léa Stern, René Stulz, Jérôme Taillard, two referees, and seminar participants at Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKUST, IDC, Lingnan University, Michigan State University, Ohio State University, Ohio University, Rutgers University, Seton Hall University, University of Alabama, University of Maryland, and Washington University for very helpful suggestions.