LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
DP-WHERE: Differentially private modeling of human mobility

Models of human mobility have broad applicability in urban planning, ecology, epidemiology, and other fields. Starting with Call Detail Records (CDRs) from a cellular telephone network that have gone through a straightforward anonymization procedure, the prior WHERE modeling approach produces synthetic CDRs for a synthetic population. The accuracy of WHERE has been validated against billions of location samples for hundreds of thousands of cell phones in the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. In this paper, we introduce DP-WHERE, which modifies WHERE by adding controlled noise to achieve differential privacy, a strict definition of privacy that makes no assumptions about the power or background knowledge of a potential adversary. We also present experiments showing that the accuracy of DP-WHERE remains close to that of WHERE and of real CDRs. With this work, we aim to enable the creation and possible release of synthetic models that capture the mobility patterns of real metropolitan populations while preserving privacy.
Large‐scale structure of trace gas and aerosol distributions over the western Pacific Ocean during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE‐P) experiment

[1] The Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is used to analyze the Asian continental outflow of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and aerosol sulfate (SO4 2 ) to the western Pacific Ocean during the period 17–24 March 2001. In this time period eight airborne observations (DC-8 flights 11–14 and P-3B flights 13–16) of the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission were being conducted over a broad area covering Hong Kong, Okinawa, the East China Sea, and southern Japan. Comparison of model results with observations shows that the model reproduces the main observed features of CO, O3, and SO4 2 , including horizontal and vertical gradients, of the Asian pollution outflow over the western Pacific. Model results show that the fast boundary outflow from Asia to the western Pacific is largely restricted to the middle latitudes, and the maximum outflow fluxes are in the lower free atmosphere (3–6 km) north of 25 N. Simulations with and without biomass burning emissions are conducted to quantify the impacts of biomass burning on tropospheric concentrations of CO and O3. Biomass burning is found to contribute more than 50% of the CO concentrations and up to 40% of the O3 concentrations in the boundary layer over the major source regions. The largest percentage contributions to CO and O3 levels (up to 40% and 30%, respectively) over the western Pacific are in the lower free troposphere (2– 6 km).
Hidradenitis suppurativa.

BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, suppurative cutaneous disease. Despite its incidence, optimal medical or surgical treatment remains unclear. This review describes the disease, ranging from pathogenesis to treatment and prognosis.


METHODS
Articles were sourced from PubMed and Medline, using the MeSH terms 'hidradenitis suppurativa' and 'acne inversa'. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal, relevance and English language.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
On the basis of histological findings, the disease is now considered inflammatory and originating from the hair follicle; therefore, the term 'acne inversa' is favoured by some experts. The exact aetiology remains obscure but smoking seems to be a major triggering factor. Treatment should be individualized according to the site and extent of the disease. Absolute cessation of smoking is essential in the treatment of hidradenitis. Management with antibiotics or other medications may relieve early symptoms, but radical surgery may be necessary for control and to prevent recurrence.
Distribution of Leptospira Serogroups in Cattle Herds and Dogs in France

A retrospective study was conducted to identify and describe the distribution pattern of Leptospira serogroups in domestic animals in France. The population consisted of cattle herds and dogs with clinically suspected leptospirosis that were tested at the "Laboratoire des Leptospires" between 2008 and 2011. The laboratory database was queried for records of cattle and dogs in which seroreactivity in Leptospira microagglutination tests was consistent with a recent or current infection, excluding vaccine serogroups in dogs. A total of 394 cattle herds and 232 dogs were diagnosed with clinical leptospirosis, and the results suggested infection by the Leptospira serogroup Australis in 43% and 63%, respectively; by the Leptospira serogroup Grippotyphosa in 17% and 9%, respectively; and by the Leptospira serogroup Sejroe in 33% and 6%, respectively. This inventory of infecting Leptospira serogroups revealed that current vaccines in France are not fully capable of preventing the clinical form of the disease.
Parallel structure and tuning of a fuzzy PID controller

In this paper, a parallel structure of fuzzy PID control systems is proposed. It is associated with a new tuning method which, based on gain margin and phase margin speci"cations, determines the parameters of the fuzzy PID controller. In comparison with conventional PID controllers, the proposed fuzzy PID controller shows higher control gains when system states are away from equilibrium and, at the same time, retains a lower pro"le of control signals. Consequently, better control performance is achieved. With the proposed formula, the weighting factors of a fuzzy logic controller can be systematically selected according to the plant under control. By virtue of using the simplest structure of fuzzy logic control, the stability of the nonlinear control system can be analyzed and a su$cient BIBO stability condition is given. The superior performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated through an experimental example. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems Graduate Education: Master of Engineering in Mechatronics

Abstract - The masters graduate degree program in engineering must change to respond to the needs of the modern practicing engineer. What is needed is a balance between theory and practice, between academic rigor and the best practices of industry, presented in an integrated way that feeds the needs of modern practicing engineers and the companies they work for. The new Master of Engineering in Mechatronics program attempts to remedy these deficiencies. The key element is the one-credit module which: balances theory and practice where concepts are application-driven, not theory-driven; identifies and understands industrial best practices by dissecting them into engineering and mathematical fundamental models; achieves innovation by assembling these fundamental models into new products and processes; analyzes both existing and new products and processes using computer simulations within a topic area; demonstrates hardware to show system realization and validity of modeling and analysis results; shows videos of industry systems and interviews with industry experts; discusses best practices to achieve sustainability of products; and maintains flexibility through 15 one-hour blocks of instruction - a 5-week mini-course or longer if preferred.
Democratizing education? Examining access and usage patterns in massive open online courses

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.
Introduction to Evolutionary Computation and Genetic Programming

Evolutionary computation is the study of non-deterministic search algorithms that are based on aspects of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection [10]. The principal originators of evolutionary algorithms were John Holland, Ingo Rechenberg, Hans-Paul Schwefel and Lawrence Fogel. Holland proposed genetic algorithms and wrote about them in his 1975 book [19]. He emphasized the role of genetic recombination (often called ‘crossover’). Ingo Rechenberg and Hans-Paul Schwefel worked on the optimization of physical shapes in fluids and, after trying a variety of classical optimization techniques, discovered that altering physical variables in a random manner (ensuring small modifications were more frequent than larger ones) proved to be a very effective technique. This gave rise to a form of evolutionary algorithm that they termed an evolutionary strategy [38, 40]. Lawrence Fogel investigated evolving finite state machines to predict symbol strings of symbols generated by Markov processes and non-stationary time series [15]. However, as is so often the case in science, various scientists considered or suggested search algorithms inspired by Darwinian evolution much earlier. David Fogel, Lawrence Fogel’s son, offers a detailed account of such early pioneers in his book on the history of evolutionary computation [14]. However, it is interesting to note that the idea of artificial evolution was suggested by one of the founders of computer science, Alan Turing, in 1948. Turing wrote an essay while working on the construction of an electronic computer called the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK. His employer happened to be Sir Charles Darwin, the grandson of Charles Darwin, the author of ‘On the Origin of Species’. Sir Charles dismissed the article as a “schoolboy essay”! It has since been recognized that in the article Turing not only proposed artificial neural networks but the field of artificial intelligence itself [44].
Performance comparison between Linux containers and virtual machines

With the advent of cloud computing and virtualization, modern distributed applications run on virtualized environments for hardware resource utilization and flexibility of operations in an infrastructure. However, when it comes to virtualization, resource overhead is involved. Linux containers can be an alternative to traditional virtualization technologies because of its high resource utilization and less overhead. This paper provides a comparison between Linux containers and virtual machines in terms of performance and scalability.
A comparative study on the efficacies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist in neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy combined with transperineal prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer

Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been suggested to confer several clinical benefits in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB). Unlike gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists, a GnRH antagonist such as degarelix can achieve castrate levels of testosterone without testosterone flare. However, normalization of serum testosterone levels following completion of neoadjuvant ADT in either form of treatment has never been compared in clinical trials. This is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled study that will compare the efficacy and safety of degarelix with those of existing GnRH agonists combined with 125I-TPPB. A total of 56 patients with low/intermediate-risk clinically localized PCa will be enrolled and randomized to one of two treatment groups: the GnRH agonist group and the degarelix group. Patients in the GnRH agonist group will receive leuprorelin acetate or goserelin acetate, and those in the degarelix group will receive the initial dose of 240 mg as 2 subcutaneous injections of 120 mg each, and then 80 mg of maintenance doses every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. Those randomly assigned to the 12-week intervention period will subsequently undergo 48-weeks of follow-up after 125I-TPPB. The primary endpoint is defined as normalization of serum testosterone levels (>50 ng/dL) following completion of neoadjuvant ADT. All patients will be assessed every 4 weeks for the first 24 weeks, then every 12 weeks for the next 36 weeks after administrations of these drugs. Secondary endpoints are the proportion of normalized serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the percent reduction in prostate specific antigen (PSA) compared with pretreatment levels, the percent reduction in total prostate volume (TPV) during neoadjuvant ADT, the percent increase in TPV after 125I-TPPB, the percent reduction in hemoglobin, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), changes in free testosterone and bone mineral content measurement, the proportion of patients who have serum testosterone levels over 50 ng/dL at 12 weeks following completion of neoadjuvant ADT, and the improvement of quality of life (QOL). The present study will provide additional insight regarding the benefit and potency of degarelix and will examine its potential as a new option for administration in neoadjuvant ADT. Identification number: UMIN000015519 . Registration date: October 24, 2014.
Validation of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition of bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND
The Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) has recently proposed a unified definition of bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. We investigated the relationship between bleeding events as defined by BARC and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and assessed whether the BARC bleeding definition is superior to existing bleeding definitions in regard to mortality prediction in patients after PCI procedures.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This study represents a patient-level pooled analysis of 12 459 patients recruited in 6 randomized trials of patients undergoing PCI. Bleeding events were assessed with the use of BARC, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), and Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE-2) trial criteria. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Bleeding occurred in 1233 patients (9.9%) according to BARC (679 patients or 5.4% with BARC class ≥2 bleeding), in 374 patients (3.0%) according to TIMI, and in 491 patients (3.9%) according to REPLACE-2 criteria. There were 340 deaths (2.7%) over the first year after PCI. BARC class ≥2 bleeding was associated with a significant increase in 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 2.03-3.63). The predictivity of a multivariable model for 1-year mortality was significantly improved after inclusion of bleeding defined according to BARC to an extent comparable to that provided by TIMI and REPLACE-2 criteria.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated a close association between bleeding events defined according to BARC and 1-year mortality after PCI.
Physiological Adjustments to Stress Measures Following Massage Therapy: A Review of the Literature

Use of massage therapy by the general public has increased substantially in recent years. In light of the popularity of massage therapy for stress reduction, a comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature is important to summarize the effectiveness of this modality on stress-reactive physiological measures. On-line databases were searched for articles relevant to both massage therapy and stress. Articles were included in this review if (i) the massage therapy account consisted of manipulation of soft tissues and was conducted by a trained therapist, and (ii) a dependent measure to evaluate physiological stress was reported. Hormonal and physical parameters are reviewed. A total of 25 studies met all inclusion criteria. A majority of studies employed a 20-30 min massage administered twice-weekly over 5 weeks with evaluations conducted pre-post an individual session (single treatment) or following a series of sessions (multiple treatments). Single treatment reductions in salivary cortisol and heart rate were consistently noted. A sustained reduction for these measures was not supported in the literature, although the single-treatment effect was repeatable within a study. To date, the research data is insufficient to make definitive statements regarding the multiple treatment effect of massage therapy on urinary cortisol or catecholamines, but some evidence for a positive effect on diastolic blood pressure has been documented. While significant improvement has been demonstrated following massage therapy, the general research body on this topic lacks the necessary scientific rigor to provide a definitive understanding of the effect massage therapy has on many physiological variables associated with stress.
Modified PIOPED criteria used in clinical practice.

UNLABELLED
To assess the use of modified PIOPED scintigraphic criteria for lung scan (V/Q) interpretation to detect pulmonary embolism (PE), we prospectively applied these criteria in suspected PE patients referred for V/Q from 9/1/92 to 2/7/94. PIOPED criteria were modified by placing a moderate segmental perfusion mismatch in the intermediate instead of low probability of PE category and using the "stripe sign."


METHODS
Patients were studied by six-view V/Q imaging using 74 MBq (2 mCi) 99mTc-MAA followed by 148-370 MBq (4-10 mCi) 99mTc-DTPA aerosol, contrast pulmonary selective angiography and Doppler sonography with leg compression as needed. Patients underwent follow-up (mean 13.9 mo) to detect subsequent thromboembolic events. In this study group, 1000 patients were studied by V/Q followed by angiography in 133 patients.


RESULTS
The distribution of V/Q-assigned PE probabilities was: high probability 5.7%, intermediate 17.4%, low 41.4% and normal 35.5%. Group A patients (133) underwent angiography, which resulted in the determination of a 27.1% PE prevalence. Group B patients (867) did not have angiograms; the clinical prevalence of PE was 7.5%. In the total study population, the positive predictive value of a high probability V/Q study for PE (10.1% prevalence) was 98.2%, intermediate probability V/Q study for PE was 24.1% and a low probability study for PE was only 0.5%.


CONCLUSION
Modified PIOPED V/Q interpretation criteria afford better angioproven PE discrimination between intermediate (31.8% PE prevalence) and low (5.5% PE prevalence) probability V/Q results than reported for PIOPED intermediate (32.6% PE prevalence) and low (16.3% PE prevalence) probability V/Q interpretation criteria.
New coil positioning method for interleaved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)/functional MRI (fMRI) and its validation in a motor cortex study.

PURPOSE
To develop and test a novel method for coil placement in interleaved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)/functional MRI (fMRI) studies.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Initially, a desired TMS coil position at the subject's head is recorded using a neuronavigation system. Subsequently, a custom-made holding device is used for coil placement inside the MR scanner. The parameters of the device corresponding to the prerecorded position are automatically determined from a fast structural image acquired directly before the experiment. The spatial accuracy of our method was verified on a phantom. Finally, in a study on five subjects, the coil was placed above the cortical representation of a hand muscle in M1 and the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses to short repetitive TMS (rTMS) trains were assessed using echo-planar imaging (EPI) recordings.


RESULTS
The spatial accuracy of our method is in the range of 2.9 +/- 1.3 (SD) mm. Motor cortex stimulation resulted in robust BOLD activations in motor- and auditory related brain areas, with the activation in M1 being localized in the hand knob.


CONCLUSION
We present a user-friendly method for TMS coil positioning in the MR scanner that exhibits good spatial accuracy and speeds up the setup of the experiment. The motor-cortex study proves the viability of the approach and validates our interleaved TMS/fMRI setup.
Female sexual dysfunction, voiding symptoms and depression: common findings in partners of men with erectile dysfunction

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), urinary symptoms, and depressive symptoms in female partners of men presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED). A multi-component questionnaire was administered to female partners of men with erectile dysfunction presenting to a urology center. It contained a standardized sexual function component (the Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women), a depression scale (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, CES-D), a demographics questionnaire and a general medical questionnaire. A total of 73 consecutive female partners of male patients presenting with ED, were surveyed using the questionnaire at their counterpart’s visit. Fifty-two women responded, of whom 50 filled out the questionnaire adequately for proper evaluation. This indicated a response rate of 68% (50/73). The mean age was 44.8 years (range 20.0–83.0). Thirty-eight of the 50 women (76%) reported being sexually active. A variety of sexual behaviors were reported including 40% (20/50) of women engaging in vaginal intercourse. Sexual dysfunction symptoms included: anxiety/inhibition (26%), hypoactive desire (20%), arousal/lubrication difficulty (30%), orgasmic difficulty (24%), dyspareunia (18%), incontinence during intercourse (8%), and sexual dissatisfaction (34%). Eight women (16%) reported difficulty communicating sexual issues with their partners. Forty-one women (82%) rated sexual activity as an important part of their lives. Urinary symptoms of frequency and urgency were reported by 18/50 (36%). Depressive symptoms were present in 22/50 (44%). FSD disorders, urinary symptoms and depressive symptoms are common in partners of men with erectile dysfunction.
Gamma knife surgery for glomus jugulare tumors: an intermediate report on efficacy and safety.

OBJECT
Glomus jugulare tumors are rare tumors that commonly involve the middle ear, temporal bone, and lower cranial nerves. Resection, embolization, and radiation therapy have been the mainstays of treatment. Despite these therapies, tumor control can be difficult to achieve particularly without undo risk of patient morbidity or mortality. The authors examine the safety and efficacy of gamma knife surgery (GKS) for glomus jugulare tumors.


METHODS
A retrospective review was undertaken of the results obtained in eight patients who underwent GKS for recurrent, residual, or unresectable glomus jugulare tumors. The median radiosurgical dose to the tumor margin was 15 Gy (range 12-18 Gy). The median clinical follow-up period was 28 months, and the median period for radiological follow up was 32 months. All eight patients demonstrated neurological stability or improvement. No cranial nerve palsies arose or deteriorated after GKS. In the seven patients in whom radiographic follow up was obtained, the tumor size decreased in four and remained stable in three.


CONCLUSIONS
Gamma knife surgery would seem to afford effective local tumor control and preserves neurological function in patients with glomus jugulare tumors. If long-term results with GKS are equally efficacious, the role of stereotactic radiosurgery will expand.