LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the usefulness of two terminology models for integrating nursing diagnosis concepts into SNOMED Clinical Terms®

OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the usefulness of two models for integrating nursing diagnosis concepts into SNOMED Clinical Terms (CT).


METHODS
First, we dissected nursing diagnosis term phrases from two source terminologies (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Taxonomy 1 (NANDA) and Omaha System) into the semantic categories of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) categorical structure and ISO reference terminology model (RTM). Second, we critically analyzed the similarities between the semantic links in the CEN and ISO models and the semantic links used to formally define diagnostic concepts in SNOMED CT.


RESULTS
Our findings demonstrated that focus, bearer/subject of information, and judgment were present in 100% of the NANDA and Omaha term phrases. The Omaha term phrases contained no additional descriptors beyond those considered mandatory in the CEN and ISO models. The comparison among the semantic links showed that SNOMED CT currently contains all but one of the semantic links needed to model the two source terminologies for integration. In conclusion, our findings support the potential utility of the CEN and ISO models for integrating nursing diagnostic concepts into SNOMED CT.
Personality as a predictor of Business Social Media Usage: an Empirical Investigation of Xing Usage Patterns

Referring to recent research calls regarding the role of individual differences on technology adoption and use, this paper reports on an empirical investigation of the influence of a user’s personality on the usage of the European career-oriented social network XING and its usage intensity (n = 760). Using structural equation modeling, a significant influence of personality on the intensity of XING usage was found (R2 = 12.4%,α = 0.758). More specifically, results indicated the major role played by the personality traits Extraversion, Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience as proper predictors for XING usage. Contrary to prior research on private-oriented social media, I discovered a significant positive Emotional Stability–XING usage intensity relationship instead of a negative relationship which is explained by Goffman’s Self Presentation Theory.
Semi-supervised Stacked Label Consistent Autoencoder for Reconstruction and Analysis of Biomedical Signals

Objective: An autoencoder-based framework that simultaneously reconstruct and classify biomedical signals is proposed. Previous work has treated reconstruction and classification as separate problems. This is the first study that proposes a combined framework to address the issue in a holistic fashion. Methods: For telemonitoring purposes, reconstruction techniques of biomedical signals are largely based on compressed sensing (CS); these are “designed” techniques where the reconstruction formulation is based on some “assumption” regarding the signal. In this study, we propose a new paradigm for reconstruction—the reconstruction is “learned,” using an autoencoder; it does not require any assumption regarding the signal as long as there is sufficiently large training data. But since the final goal is to analyze/classify the signal, the system can also learn a linear classification map that is added inside the autoencoder. The ensuing optimization problem is solved using the Split Bregman technique. Results: Experiments were carried out on reconstructing and classifying electrocardiogram (ECG) (arrhythmia classification) and EEG (seizure classification) signals. Conclusion: Our proposed tool is capable of operating in a semi-supervised fashion. We show that our proposed method is better in reconstruction and more than an order magnitude faster than CS based methods; it is capable of real-time operation. Our method also yields better results than recently proposed classification methods. Significance: This is the first study offering an alternative to CS-based reconstruction. It also shows that the representation learning approach can yield better results than traditional methods that use hand-crafted features for signal analysis.
Formation and Stability of the Gaseous Species LiAlCl4, Li2AlCl5 and LiAl2Cl7 – Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Studies

The formation of the gaseous species LiCl, Li2Cl2, AlCl3 and LiAlCl4 was shown by mass spectrometric studies of the reaction of solid LiCl with gaseous AlCl3 at 575 °C. Besides AlCl3 and Al2Cl6, the gas complexes LiAlCl4, Li2AlCl5 and LiAl2Cl7 were formed during the evaporation of liquefied LiAlCl4. The structures of the molecules under discussion were computed by quantum chemical DFT studies. Thermodynamic data of these molecules were determined by experimental methods (mass spectrometry), and the results were confirmed by theoretical calculations. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Estimating the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells using high-throughput sequence data.

Mature T cells express either CD8 or CD4, defining two physiologically distinct populations of T cells. CD8+ T cells, or killer T-cells, and CD4+ T cells, or helper T cells, effect different aspects of T cell mediated adaptive immunity. Currently, determining the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells requires flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. The genomic T cell receptor locus is rearranged during T cell maturation, generating a highly variable T cell receptor locus in each mature T cell. As part of thymic maturation, T cells that will become CD4+ versus CD8+ are subjected to different selective pressures. In this study, we apply high-throughput next-generation sequencing to T cells from both a healthy cohort and a cohort with an autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis) to identify sequence features in the variable CDR3 region of the rearranged T cell receptor gene that distinguish CD4+ from CD8+ T cells. We identify sequence features that differ between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including Variable gene usage and CDR3 region length. We implement a likelihood model to estimate relative proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using these features. Our model accurately estimates the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell sequences in samples from healthy and diseased immune systems, and simulations indicate that it can be applied to as few as 1000 T cell receptor sequences; we validate this model using in vitro mixtures of T cell sequences, and by comparing the results of our method to flow cytometry using peripheral blood samples. We believe our computational method for determining the CD4:CD8 ratio in T cell samples from sequence data will provide additional useful information for any samples on which high-throughput TCR sequencing is performed, potentially including some solid tumors.
A fuzzy logic approach for timely adaptive traffic light based on traffic load

In this research, an adaptive timely traffic light is proposed as solution for congestion in typical area in Indonesia. Makassar City, particularly in the most complex junction (fly over, Pettarani, Reformasi highway and Urip S.) is observed for months using static cameras. The condition is mapped into fuzzy logic to have a better time transition of traffic light as opposed to the current conventional traffic light system. In preliminary result, fuzzy logic shows significant number of potential reduced in congestion. Each traffic line has 20-30% less congestion with future implementation of the proposed system.
Building A Baby

We show how an agent can acquire conceptual knowledge by sensorimotor interaction with its environment. The method has much in common with the notion of image-schemas, which are central to Mandler’s theory of conceptual development. We show that Mandler’s approach is feasible in an artificial agent.
Study on flip chip assembly of high density micro-LED array

Flip chip assembly technology is an attractive solution for high I/O density and fine-pitch microelectronics packaging. Recently, high efficient GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have undergone a rapid development and flip chip bonding has been widely applied to fabricate high-brightness GaN micro-LED arrays [1]. The flip chip GaN LED has some advantages over the traditional top-emission LED, including improved current spreading, higher light extraction efficiency, better thermal dissipation capability and the potential of further optical component integration [2, 3]. With the advantages of flip chip assembly, micro-LED (μLED) arrays with high I/O density can be performed with improved luminous efficiency than conventional p-side-up micro-LED arrays and are suitable for many potential applications, such as micro-displays, bio-photonics and visible light communications (VLC), etc. In particular, μLED array based selif-emissive micro-display has the promising to achieve high brightness and contrast, reliability, long-life and compactness, which conventional micro-displays like LCD, OLED, etc, cannot compete with. In this study, GaN micro-LED array device with flip chip assembly package process was presented. The bonding quality of flip chip high density micro-LED array is tested by daisy chain test. The p-n junction tests of the devices are measured for electrical characteristics. The illumination condition of each micro-diode pixel was examined under a forward bias. Failure mode analysis was performed using cross sectioning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the fully packaged micro-LED array device is demonstrated as a prototype of dice projector system.
Exploiting Semantic Information and Deep Matching for Optical Flow

Research • TorontoCity: Seeing the World with a Million Eyes. S. Wang, M. Bai, G. Mattyus, H. Chu, W. Luo, B. Yang, J. Liang, J. Cheverie, S. Fidler, R. Urtasun. ICCV 2017 Spotlight. • Deep Watershed Transformation for Instance Segmentation. M. Bai, R. Urtasun. CVPR 2017. • Exploiting Semantic Information and Deep Matching for Optical Flow. M. Bai∗, W. Luo∗, K. Kundu, R. Urtasun. ECCV 2016. ∗ denotes equal contributions.
Implementation of a split-bolus single-pass CT protocol at a UK major trauma centre to reduce excess radiation dose in trauma pan-CT.

AIM
To quantify the dose reduction and ensure that the use of a split-bolus protocol provided sufficient vascular enhancement.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1 January 2014 and 31 May 2014, both split bolus and traditional two-phase scans were performed on a single CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition AS+, Siemens Healthcare) using a two-pump injector (Medrad Stellant). Both protocols used Siemens' proprietary tube current and tube voltage modulation techniques (CARE dose and CARE kV). The protocols were compared retrospectively to assess the dose-length product (DLP), aortic radiodensity at the level of the coeliac axis and radiodensity of the portal vein.


RESULTS
There were 151 trauma CT examinations during this period. Seventy-eight used the split-bolus protocol. Seventy-one had traditional two-phase imaging. One patient was excluded as they were under the age of 18 years. The radiodensity measurements for the portal vein were significantly higher (p<0.001) in the split-bolus protocol. The mean aortic enhancement in both protocols exceeded 250 HU, although the traditional two-phase protocol gave greater arterial enhancement (p<0.001) than the split-bolus protocol. The split-bolus protocol had a significantly lower (p<0.001) DLP with 43.5% reduction in the mean DLP compared to the traditional protocol.


CONCLUSION
Split-bolus CT imaging offers significant dose reduction for this relatively young population while retaining both arterial and venous enhancement.
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment over a period of 2 months on fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin resistance (IR), and glutathione peroxidase (GH-Px) activity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.


METHODS
This study took place in Motahari Clinic, Shiraz, Iran, which is affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from May to October 2006. Type 2 DM patients (n=57) were divided into 2 groups to receive either ALA (300 mg daily) or placebo by systematic randomization, and were followed-up for 8 weeks. After an overnight fasting and 2 hours after breakfast, patients' blood samples were drawn and tested for FBG, 2 hours PPG, serum insulin level, and GH-Px activity.


RESULTS
The result of the study showed a significant decrease in FBG and PPG levels, IR-Homeostasis Model Assessment (IR-HOMA index) and GH-Px level in the ALA group. The comparison of differences between FBG and IR at the beginning and at the end of study in the ALA treated group and the placebo group were also significant.


CONCLUSION
This study supports the use of ALA as an antioxidant in the care of diabetic patients.
Solving the antidepressant efficacy question: effect sizes in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND
Numerous reviews and meta-analyses of the antidepressant literature in major depressive disorders (MDD), both acute and maintenance, have been published, some claiming that antidepressants are mostly ineffective and others that they are mostly effective, in either acute or maintenance treatment.


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to review and critique the latest and most notable antidepressant MDD studies and to conduct our own reanalysis of the US Food and Drug Administration database studies specifically analyzed by Kirsch et al.


METHODS
We gathered effect estimates of each MDD study. In our reanalysis of the acute depression studies, we corrected analyses for a statistical floor effect so that relative (instead of absolute) effect size differences were calculated. We also critiqued a recent meta-analysis of the maintenance treatment literature.


RESULTS
Our reanalysis showed that antidepressant benefit is seen not only in severe depression but also in moderate depression and confirmed a lack of benefit for antidepressants over placebo in mild depression. Relative antidepressant versus placebo benefit increased linearly from 5% in mild depression to 12% in moderate depression to 16% in severe depression. The claim that antidepressants are completely ineffective, or even harmful, in maintenance treatment studies involves unawareness of the enriched design effect, which, in that analysis, was used to analyze placebo efficacy. The same problem exists for the standard interpretation of those studies, although they do not prove antidepressant efficacy either, since they are biased in favor of antidepressants.


CONCLUSIONS
In sum, we conclude that antidepressants are effective in acute depressive episodes that are moderate to severe but are not effective in mild depression. Except for the mildest depressive episodes, correction for the statistical floor effect proves that antidepressants are effective acutely. These considerations only apply to acute depression, however. For maintenance, the long-term efficacy of antidepressants is unproven, but the data do not support the conclusion that they are harmful.
Dropping out: Why are students leaving junior high in China's poor rural areas?

Despite requirements of and support for universal education up to grade 9, there are concerning reports that poor rural areas in China suffer from high and maybe even rising dropout rates. Although aggregated statistics from the Ministry of Education show almost universal compliance with the 9-year compulsory education law, there have been few independent, survey-based studies regarding dropout rates in China. Between 2009 and 2010 we surveyed over 7800 grade 7, 8, and 9 students from 46 randomly selected junior high schools in four counties in two provinces in North and Northwest China to measure the dropout rate. We also used the survey data to examine factors correlated with dropping out, such as the opportunity cost of going to school, household poverty, and poor academic performance. According to the study’s findings, drop out rates between grade 7 and grade 8 reached 5.7% and dropout rates between grade 8 and grade 9 reached 9.0%. In sum, among the total number of students attending junior high school during the first month of the first term of grade 7, 14.2% had left school by the first month of grade 9. Dropout rates were even higher for students that were older, from poorer families (and families in which the parents were not healthy), or were performing more poorly academically. We conclude that although the government’s policy of reducing tuition and fees for junior high students may be necessary, it is not sufficient to solve the dropout problem. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Using Self-Assembled Monolayers to Model Cell Adhesion to the 9th and 10th Type III Domains of Fibronectin†

Most mammalian cells must adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to maintain proper growth and development. Fibronectin is a predominant ECM protein that engages integrin cell receptors through its Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) peptide binding sites. To study the roles these motifs play in cell adhesion, proteins derived from the 9th (containing PHSRN) and 10th (containing RGD) type III fibronectin domains were engineered to be in frame with cutinase, a serine esterase that forms a site-specific, covalent adduct with phosphonate ligands. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that present phosphonate ligands against an inert background of tri(ethylene glycol) groups were used as model substrates to immobilize the cutinase-fibronectin fusion proteins. Baby hamster kidney cells attached efficiently to all protein surfaces, but only spread efficiently on protein monolayers containing the RGD peptide. Cells on RGD-containing protein surfaces also displayed defined focal adhesions and organized cytoskeletal structures compared to cells on PHSRN-presenting surfaces. Cell attachment and spreading were shown to be unaffected by the presence of PHSRN when compared to RGD alone on SAMs presenting higher densities of protein, but PHSRN supported an increased efficiency in cell attachment when presented at low protein densities with RGD. Treatment of suspended cells with soluble RGD or PHSRN peptides revealed that both peptides were able to inhibit the attachment of FN10 surfaces. These results support a model wherein PHSRN and RGD bind competitively to integrins--rather than a two-point synergistic interaction--and the presence of PHSRN serves to increase the density of ligand on the substrate and therefore enhance the sticking probability of cells during attachment.
A Review of the Pinned Photodiode for CCD and CMOS Image Sensors

The pinned photodiode is the primary photodetector structure used in most CCD and CMOS image sensors. This paper reviews the development, physics, and technology of the pinned photodiode.
Free vibration analysis of a cantilever composite beam with multiple cracks

This study is an investigation of the effects of cracks on the dynamical characteristics of a cantilever composite beam, made of graphite fibre-reinforced polyamide. The finite element and the componentmode synthesismethods are used tomodel the problem. The cantilever composite beam divided into several components from the crack sections. Stiffness decreases due to cracks are derived from the fracturemechanics theory as the inverse of the compliancematrix calculatedwith theproper stress intensity factors and strain energy release rate expressions. The effects of the location and depth of the cracks, and the volume fraction and orientation of the fibre on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam with transverse non-propagating open cracks, are explored. The results of the study lead to conclusions that, presented method is adequate for the vibration analysis of cracked cantilever composite beams, and by using the drop in the natural frequencies and the change in the mode shapes, the presence and nature of cracks in a structure can be detected. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mathematical Attacks on RSA Cryptosystem

In this paper some of the most common attacks against Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem are presented. We describe the integer factoring attacks, attacks on the underlying mathematical function, as well as attacks that exploit details in implementations of the algorithm. Algorithms for each type of attacks are developed and analyzed by their complexity, memory requirements and area of usage.
Financialised Capitalism: Crisis and Financial Expropriation

Th e current crisis is one outcome of the fi nancialisation of contemporary capitalism. It arose in the USA because of the enormous expansion of mortgage-lending, including to the poorest layers of the working class. It became general because of the trading of debt by fi nancial institutions. Th ese phenomena are integral to fi nancialisation. During the last three decades, large enterprises have turned to open markets to obtain fi nance, forcing banks to seek alternative sources of profi t. One avenue has been provision of fi nancial services to individual workers. Th is trend has been facilitated by the retreat of public provision from housing, pensions, education, and so on. A further avenue has been to adopt investment-banking practices in open fi nancial markets. Th e extraction of fi nancial profi ts directly out of personal income constitutes fi nancial expropriation. Combined with investment-banking, it has catalysed the current gigantic crisis. More broadly, fi nancialisation has sustained the emergence of new layers of rentiers, defi ned primarily through their relation to the fi nancial system rather than ownership of loanable capital. Finally, fi nancialisation has posed important questions regarding fi nance-capital and imperialism.
BUSSTEPP Lectures on Supersymmetry

This is the written version of the supersymmetry lectures delivered at the 30th and 31st British Universities Summer Schools in Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics (BUSSTEPP) held in Oxford in September 2000 and in Manchester in August-September 2001.
A Replicable Web-based Negotiation Server for E-Commerce

This paper describes our ongoing R&D effort in developing a replicable, Web-based negotiation server to conduct bargaining-type negotiations between clients (i.e., buyers and sellers) in e-commerce. Multiple copies of this server can be paired with existing Web-servers to provide negotiation capabilities. Each client can select a trusted negotiation server to represent his/her interests. Web-based GUI tools are used by clients in a build-time registration process to specify the requirements, constraints, negotiation strategic rules, and preference scoring methods related to the buying or selling of a product. The registration information is used by the negotiation servers to conduct negotiations automatically on behalf of the clients. In this paper, we present the architecture of the negotiation server and the framework for automated negotiations, and describe a number of communication primitives, which make up the negotiation protocol. We have developed a constraint satisfaction processor (CSP) to evaluate a negotiation proposal against the registered constraints. An Event-Trigger-Rule (ETR) server manages events and triggers the execution of strategic rules, which may relax constraints, notify clients, or perform other operations. Strategic rules can be added and modified at run-time to deal with the dynamic nature of negotiations. A cost-benefit analysis performs quantitative analysis of alternative negotiation conditions. We have implemented a prototype system to demonstrate automated negotiations among buyers and suppliers in a supply chain management system.