LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Assessing broadband vegetation indices and QuickBird data in estimating leaf area index of corn and potato canopies

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key biophysical variable that can be used to derive agronomic information for field management and yield prediction. In the context of applying broadband and high spatial resolution satellite sensor data to agricultural applications at the field scale, an improved method was developed to evaluate commonly used broadband vegetation indices (VIs) for the estimation of LAI with VI–LAI relationships. The evaluation was based on direct measurement of corn and potato canopies and on QuickBird multispectral images acquired in three growing seasons. The selected VIs were correlated strongly with LAI but with different efficiencies for LAI estimation as a result of the differences in the stabilities, the sensitivities, and the dynamic ranges. Analysis of error propagation showed that LAI noise inherent in each VI–LAI function generally increased with increasing LAI and the efficiency of most VIs was low at high LAI levels. Among selected VIs, the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) was the best LAI estimator with the largest dynamic range and the highest sensitivity and overall efficiency for both crops. QuickBird image-estimated LAI with MSAVI–LAI relationships agreed well with ground-measured LAI with the root-mean-square-error of 0.63 and 0.79 for corn and potato canopies, respectively. LAI estimated from the high spatial resolution pixel data exhibited spatial variability similar to the ground plot measurements. For field scale agricultural applications, MSAVI–LAI relationships are easy-to-apply and reasonably accurate for estimating LAI. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
CYP 2 C 19 But Not PON 1 Genetic Variants Influence Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacodynamics , and Clinical Efficacy in Post – Myocardial Infarction Patients

Background—Reduced concentrations of clopidogrel active metabolite have been associated with diminished platelet inhibition and higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) has recently been proposed as a key enzyme for clopidogrel metabolic activation. We tested the effects of PON1 polymorphisms on clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the occurrence of cardiovascular outcomes in young post–myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated with clopidogrel. Methods and Results—We genotyped PON1 (Q192R and L55M) and CYP2C19 variants in 106 patients enrolled in the PK/PD CLOVIS-2 trial. Patients were randomly exposed to a 300-mg or 900-mg clopidogrel loading dose in a crossover study design. Clopidogrel active metabolite isomer H4 (clopi-H4) and platelet function testing were measured serially after loading dose. There was no significant association between PON1 Q192R or L55M and clopi-H4 formation or antiplatelet response to clopidogrel after either loading dose. Using multivariable linear regression analyses, the CYP2C19*2 allele was the only predictor of clopi-H4 generation and platelet response irrespective of the platelet function assay. CYP2C19 loss-of-function but not PON1 variants were significantly associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events (death, MI, and urgent coronary revascularization) occurring during long-term clopidogrel exposure in 371 young post-MI patients (age 45 years) enrolled in the AFIJI cohort (CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele carrier versus noncarrier: hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.41, P 0.02; PON1 QQ192 versus QR/RR192: hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–2.11, P 0.93; PON1 LL55 versus LM/MM55: hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–3.08, P 0.24). Conclusions—Our study does not confirm that PON1 Q192R or L55M can influence clopidogrel pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics in post-MI patients. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00822666. (Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:422-428.)
Revisiting Recurrent Networks for Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings

We consider the problem of learning general-purpose, paraphrastic sentence embeddings, revisiting the setting of Wieting et al. (2016b). While they found LSTM recurrent networks to underperform word averaging, we present several developments that together produce the opposite conclusion. These include training on sentence pairs rather than phrase pairs, averaging states to represent sequences, and regularizing aggressively. These improve LSTMs in both transfer learning and supervised settings. We also introduce a new recurrent architecture, the GATED RECURRENT AVERAGING NETWORK, that is inspired by averaging and LSTMs while outperforming them both. We analyze our learned models, finding evidence of preferences for particular parts of speech and dependency relations. 1
A flexible network-on-chip simulator for early design space exploration

The communication requirements of large multi-core systems are convened by on-chip communication fabrics generally referred to as networks-on-chip (NoC). We have designed a simulation environment that allows early exploration of the performance and cost parameters of network-on-chip communication architectures, which is able to handle arbitrary topologies and routing schemes. The simulator implements a flit-level message-passing mechanism and supports application data specified as input trace files or generated at run-time by synthetic traffic generators.
Using cluster analysis in Persona development

Personas are user models that represent the user characteristics. In this paper we describe a Persona creation process which combines the quantitative method such as cluster analysis with qualitative method such as observation and interview to produce convincing and representative Personas. We illustrate the Personas creation process through a case study. We use cluster analysis to group the users by their similarities in goals and decision-making preference.
Multi-objective evolutionary computation for topology coverage assessment problem

Abstract In recent years, the smart city has gained large traction in government, academia, and business. Many real-world applications of smart cities can be formed to a topology graph and to optimally select a specified number of vertices to minimize the uncovered part of the topology graph. An example application is the optimal installation of a specified number of monitors at the crossroads of a city. Such a minimization problem is named a topology coverage optimization problem (TCOP) in this study, and it is a single-objective optimization problem (SOP). However, in actual situations, determining such a specific number a priori is usually difficult; instead, multiple numbers would be provided to us by the decision-makers and the minimum objective value, as well as the optimal installation solution about each number, is solicited from us—such a TCOP about multiple numbers is referred to as ”topology coverage assessment problem (TCAP)”. Hence, the TCAP consists of a series of SOPs (i.e., a series of TCOPs) each of which is NP-hard to optimize. This study introduces a multi-objective approach that is able to optimize all these TCOPs simultaneously—it is capable of obtaining high-quality results about all given numbers at the same time. Besides the simultaneous problem-solving ability, our approach, namely MoCover, also statistically significantly improved the objective value about each provided number, particularly, the vertex cover number result, because of the mutual-promoting relations between the TCOPs and the exploitation of the relations during the optimization process. In this paper, the generalization of MoCover to a class of similar problems is also introduced and discussed.
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in Otolaryngologist Practice: A Review of Current Knowledge

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an idiopathic vasculitis of medium and small arteries, characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. GPA typically affects upper and lower respiratory tract with coexisting glomerulonephritis. This disease is generally characterized by antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), nevertheless, there are rare cases with negative ANCA. GPA affects people at any age, with predominance of the sixth and seventh decade of life. In 80%-95% of the patients the first symptoms of GPA are otorhinolaryngological manifestations of head and neck including nose/sinuses, ears, eyes, larynx/trachea, oral cavity, and salivary glands. Diagnosis of GPA is based on Criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. In clinical practice diagnosis, the presence of distinctive ANCA antibodies and biopsy of affected organ are crucial. GPA must be differentiated from neoplastic, infectious or inflammatory ulcerative lesions of the head and neck. The standard treatment procedure is divided into two essential phases, induction and maintenance. The induction phase is based on combination of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy, whereas the maintenance phase comprises corticosteroids and azathioprine/methotrexate supplementation. Surgical treatment ought to be considered for patients who are not responding to pharmacotherapy.
Theology, epistemology, and values

Can theology be taught objectively? What are the epistemological issues entailed in this question?
The Periodic Moving Average Filter for Removing Motion Artifacts from PPG Signals

Abstract: The measurement accuracy for heart rate or SpO2 using photoplethysmography (PPG) is influenced by how well the noise from motion artifacts and other sources can be removed. Eliminating the motion artifacts is particularly difficult since its frequency band overlaps that of the basic PPG signal. Therefore, we propose the Periodic Moving Average Filter (PMAF) to remove motion artifacts. The PMAF is based on the quasi-periodicity of the PPG signals. After segmenting the PPG signal on periodic boundaries, we average the m samples of each period. As a result, we remove the motion artifacts well without the deterioration of the characteristic point.
Comparative geochemistry of basalts from the moon, earth, HED asteroid, and Mars: implications for the origin of the moon

Most hypotheses for the origin of the Moon (rotational fission, co-accretion, and collisional ejection from the Earth, including “giant impact”) call for the formation of the Moon in a geocentric environment. However, key geochemical data for basaltic rocks from the Moon, Earth, the howardite-eucritediogenite (HED) meteorite parent body (probably asteroid 4-Vesta), and the shergottite-nakhlite-chassignite (SNC) meteorite parent body (likely Mars), provide no evidence that the Moon was derived from the Earth, and suggest that some objects with lunar-like compositions were produced without involvement of the Earth. The source region compositions of basalts produced in the Moon (mare basalts) were similar to those produced in the HED asteroid (eucrites) with regard to volatile-lithophile elements (Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Tl), siderophile elements (Ni, Co, Ga, Ge, Re, and Ir), and ferromagnesian elements (Mg, Fe, Cr, and V), and less similar to those in the Earth or Mars. Mare and eucrite basalts differ in their Mn abundances, Fe/Mn values, and isotopic composition, suggesting that the Moon and HED asteroid formed in different nebular locations. However, previous claims that the Moon and HED parent body differ significantly in the abundances of some elements, such as Ni, Co, Cr, and V, are not supported by the data. Instead, Cr-Mg-Fe-Ni-Co abundance systematics suggest a close similarity between the source region compositions and conditions involved in producing mare and eucrite basalts, and a significant difference from those of terrestrial basalts. The data imply that the Moon and HED asteroid experienced similar volatile-element depletion and similar fractionation of metallic and mafic phases. Among hypotheses of lunar origin, rotational fission, and small-impact collisional ejection seem less tenable than co-accretion, capture, or a variant of giant-impact collisional ejection in which the Moon inherits the composition of the impactor. Both the Moon and HED asteroid may have been derived from a class of objects that were common in the early solar system. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd “The most plausible model for the origin of the Moon in line with geochemical and cosmochemical constraints is an impact-induced “fission” of the proto-Earth.” —Wänke and Dreibus (1986) “Clearly, the Moon and eucrite parent body resemble each other to a high degree. Nature produced such a composition not once but at least twice. This calls into question an entire class of models that invoke ad hoc processes to explain the Moon by a unique chance event.” —Anders (1977) “The similarity between eucrites and lunar mare basalts are remarkable. Were it not for the differences in age and oxygen-isotope signature, it might be difficult to distinguish them on petrological or geochemical grounds.” —Taylor (1986)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with pulmonary vein thrombosis: a case report

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary vein thrombosis represents a potentially fatal disease. This syndrome may clinically mimic pulmonary embolism but has a different investigation strategy and prognosis. Pulmonary vein thrombosis is difficult to diagnose clinically and usually requires a combination of conventionally used diagnostic modalities.


CASE PRESENTATION
The authors report a case of a 78-year-old previously healthy female presenting with collapse and shortness of breath. Serum biochemistry revealed acute kidney injury, positive D-dimmer's and increased C reactive protein. Chest radiography demonstrated volume loss in the right lung. The patient was started on antibiotics and also therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin. The working diagnosis included community acquired pneumonia & pulmonary embolism. A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was performed to confirm the clinical suspicions of pulmonary embolism. This demonstrated a thrombus in the pulmonary vein, with associated fibrosis and volume loss of the right lower lobe. A subsequent thrombophilia screen revealed a positive lupus anticoagulant antibody and rheumatoid factor and also decreased anti thrombin III and protein C levels. The urine protein/creatinine ratio was found to be 553 mg/mmol.


CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of this patient was therefore of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with pulmonary vein thrombosis. Whether or not the pulmonary vein thrombosis was a primary cause of the fibrosis or a consequence of it was unclear. There are few data on the management of pulmonary vein thrombosis, but anticoagulation, antibiotics, and, in cases of large pulmonary vein thrombosis, thrombectomy or pulmonary resection have been used.
A French validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to explore the concurrent validity, inter-rater agreement and diagnostic sensitivity of a French adaptation of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) as compared to other coma scales such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness scale (FOUR) and the Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM).


RESEARCH DESIGN
Multi-centric prospective study.


METHOD AND PROCEDURES
To test concurrent validity and diagnostic sensitivity, the four behavioural scales were administered in a randomized order in 77 vegetative and minimally conscious patients. Twenty-four clinicians with different professional backgrounds, levels of expertise and CRS-R experience were recruited to assess inter-rater agreement.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Good concurrent validity was obtained between the CRS-R and the three other standardized behavioural scales. Inter-rater reliability for the CRS-R total score and sub-scores was good, indicating that the scale yields reproducible findings across examiners and does not appear to be systematically biased by profession, level of expertise or CRS-R experience. Finally, the CRS-R demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity to detect MCS patients, as compared to the GCS, the FOUR and the WHIM.


CONCLUSION
The results show that the French version of the CRS-R is a valid and sensitive scale which can be used in severely brain damaged patients by all members of the medical staff.
Deep Learning and Its Applications to Signal and Information Processing [Exploratory DSP]

The purpose of this article is to introduce the readers to the emerging technologies enabled by deep learning and to review the research work conducted in this area that is of direct relevance to signal processing. We also point out, in our view, the future research directions that may attract interests of and require efforts from more signal processing researchers and practitioners in this emerging area for advancing signal and information processing technology and applications.
A Gendered Assessment of the "Threat of Victimization": Examining Gender Differences in Fear of Crime, Perceived Risk, Avoidance, and Defensive Behaviors

Rader has called for a change in how researchers study fear of crime, suggesting that fear of crime, perceptions of risk, and experiences with victimization are interrelated dimensions of the larger ‘‘threat of victimization’’ concept. In this study, the authors examine how each independent dimension affects additional theoretical dimensions of the ‘‘threat of victimization’’ and how these relationships vary by gender. Using data from residents of Kentucky, the authors estimate a series of multivariate linear and logistic regression models. The findings presented here suggest that gender differences do exist in the components of the threat of victimization and that many of the relationships in the Rader model are multifaceted, including the relationship between perceived risk, fear of crime, and avoidance and defensive behaviors. Implications of these findings for future research regarding predictors of the threat of victimization are discussed.
Infection Control in Retreatment Cases: In Vivo Antibacterial Effects of 2 Instrumentation Systems.

INTRODUCTION
This in vivo study compared the antibacterial effects of 2 instrumentation systems in root canal-treated teeth with apical periodontitis.


METHODS
Forty-eight teeth with a single root and a single canal showing post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected for this study. For retreatment, teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the instrumentation system used: Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA; SybronEndo, Orange, CA). In both groups, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was the irrigant. Bacteriological samples were taken before (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2). In the TFA group, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was performed after instrumentation, and samples were also taken after this supplementary step (S2b). DNA was extracted from the clinical samples and subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the levels of total bacteria, streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Statistical analyses from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data were performed within groups using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test and between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test with the significance level set at P < .05.


RESULTS
Bacteria were detected in S1 samples from 43 teeth, which were then included in the antibacterial experiment. Both SAF and TFA instrumentation protocols showed a highly significant intracanal bacterial reduction (P < .001). Intergroup quantitative comparisons disclosed no significant differences between TFA with or without PUI and SAF (P > .05). PUI did not result in significant improvement in disinfection (P > .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Both instrumentation systems/treatment protocols were highly effective in significantly reducing the intracanal bacterial counts. No significant difference was observed between the 2 systems in disinfecting the canals of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis.
Intrusion Detection System Using Genetic Algorithm

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) detects the network attacks by self-learning, etc. (9). Using Genetic Algorithms for intrusion detection has. Cloud Computing Using Genetic Algorithm. 1. Ku. To overcome this problem we are implementing intrusion detection system in which we use genetic. From Ignite at OSCON 2010, a 5 minute presentation by Bill Lavender: SNORT is popular. Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS), by applying Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Networking Using Genetic Algorithm (IDS) and Decision Tree is to identify. Intrusion Detection System Using Genetic Algorithm >>>CLICK HERE<<< Genetic algorithm (GA) has received significant attention for the design and length chromosomes (VLCs) in a GA-based network intrusion detection system. The proposed approach is tested using Defense Advanced Research Project. Abstract. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is one of the key security components in today's networking environment. A great deal of attention has been recently. Computer security has become an important part of the day today's life. Not only single computer systems but an extensive network of the computer system. presents an overview of intrusion detection system and a hybrid technique for
Anterior cruciate ligament anatomy and function relating to anatomical reconstruction

Recently, the interest in surgical techniques that reconstruct the anteromedial (AM) and the posterolateral (PL) bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has risen. This review focuses on the structural as well as the mechanical properties of the ACL and the anatomical details of the femoral origin, midsubstance, and tibial insertion of AM and PL bundles of the ACL. The terminology of AM and PL bundles is chosen according to the tibial insertion and determined by their functional tensioning pattern throughout knee flexion. Close to extension the AM is moderately loose and the PL is tight. As the knee is flexed, the femoral attachment of the ACL becomes more horizontally oriented, causing the AM bundle to tighten and the PM bundle to loosen up. The ACL has been described to be restraint to anterior tibial displacement and internal tibial rotation. The rotational component might be represented by the PL bundle. The femoral origin has an oval shape with the center of the AM close to over-the-top position and the center of the PL close to the anterior and inferior cartilage margin. Tibial and femoral insertions of the ACL are over 3.5 times larger when compared to the midsubstance and tunnel placement is more challenging because of the limited size of potential grafts selection of tunnel site placement. For reconstruction, both bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and quadrupled hamstring grafts are used. Structural properties of a 10 mm wide BPTB or quadrupled hamstring graft have been reported to be comparable with those of the native ACL.