LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks

According to several 2008 reports, blogging continues to attract writers and readers (Comscore Media Matrix, 2008; eMarketer, 2008; Sifry, 2008; Universal McCann, 2008). This form of Web content creation has matured beyond public personal journaling to support citizen journalism or journalism produced by independent bloggers unaffiliated with professional newsrooms (Lenhart & Fox, 2006). The popularity of blogs is in part fueled by its interactive format: The blog tool is popularly believed to be a vehicle of democracy because it fosters decentralized citizen control as opposed to hierarchical, elite control (Crumlish, 2004; Levine, Locke, Searls, & Weinberger, 2001; Rosen, 2006; Scoble & Israel, 2006; Suroweicki, 2005; Weinberger, 2003, 2008). This inversion of elite control is the social outcome of a more interactive format. Blogs are popularly viewed as a form of social media, or media that is architected by design to readily support participation, peer-to-peer conversation, collaboration, and community (O’Reilly, 2004). Social media tools such as blogs enable Web content creators to circumvent the high transaction costs that once characterized usage of earlier media technologies (Gillmor, 2004; Benkler, 2006; Bowman & Willis, 2003; Shirky, 2008). Independent political bloggers that comment on day-to-day news command a readership rivaling that of traditional media entities (Armstrong & Moulitsas Zuniga, 2006). The initial public derision heaped by traditional media entities on these independent bloggers unaffiliated with traditional, professional newsrooms (Rosen, 2005) continues to wane as these bloggers gain respect among Web readers (Johnson & Kaye, 2004). Top independent political bloggers have played an influential role in holding public officials accountable from Trent Lott to Dan Rather (Meraz, 2008). The blog form has matured to resemble traditional journalism in form and practice: Top, independent bloggers now hire editors, blog full-time, and engage in investigative journalism acts (Stoller, 2007; Strupp, 2008). The growth in the independent political blogger’s credibility has taken place against the backdrop of traditional media’s loss
Frequencies contributing to functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex in "resting-state" data.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
In subjects performing no specific cognitive task ("resting state"), time courses of voxels within functionally connected regions of the brain have high cross-correlation coefficients ("functional connectivity"). The purpose of this study was to measure the contributions of low frequencies and physiological noise to cross-correlation maps.


METHODS
In four healthy volunteers, task-activation functional MR imaging and resting-state data were acquired. We obtained four contiguous slice locations in the "resting state" with a high sampling rate. Regions of interest consisting of four contiguous voxels were selected. The correlation coefficient for the averaged time course and every other voxel in the four slices was calculated and separated into its component frequency contributions. We calculated the relative amounts of the spectrum that were in the low-frequency (0 to 0.1 Hz), the respiratory-frequency (0.1 to 0.5 Hz), and cardiac-frequency range (0.6 to 1.2 Hz).


RESULTS
For each volunteer, resting-state maps that resembled task-activation maps were obtained. For the auditory and visual cortices, the correlation coefficient depended almost exclusively on low frequencies (<0.1 Hz). For all cortical regions studied, low-frequency fluctuations contributed more than 90% of the correlation coefficient. Physiological (respiratory and cardiac) noise sources contributed less than 10% to any functional connectivity MR imaging map. In blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid, physiological noise contributed more to the correlation coefficient.


CONCLUSION
Functional connectivity in the auditory, visual, and sensorimotor cortices is characterized predominantly by frequencies slower than those in the cardiac and respiratory cycles. In functionally connected regions, these low frequencies are characterized by a high degree of temporal coherence.
Comparison of a high-flow humidified nasal cannula to nasal continuous positive airway pressure in children with acute bronchiolitis: experience in a pediatric intensive care unit

The objective of the current study is to compare the use of a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to a high-flow humidified nasal cannula (HFNC) in infants with acute bronchiolitis, who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during two consecutive seasons. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants admitted to a PICU at a tertiary care French hospital during the bronchiolitis seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12. Infants admitted to the PICU, who required noninvasive respiratory support, were included. The first noninvasive respiratory support modality was nCPAP during the 2010/11 season, while HFNC was used during the 2011/2012 season. We compared the length of stay (LOS) in the PICU; the daily measure of PCO2 and pH; and the mean of the five higher values of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), FiO2, and SpO2 each day, during the first 5 days. Thirty-four children met the inclusion criteria: 19 during the first period (nCPAP group) and 15 during the second period (HFNC group). Parameters such as LOS in PICU and oxygenation were similar in the two groups. Oxygen weaning occurred during the same time for the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups for RR, HR, FiO2, and CO2 evolution. HFNC therapy failed in three patients, two of whom required invasive mechanical ventilation, versus one in the nCPAP group. Conclusion: We did not find a difference between HFNC and nCPAP in the management of severe bronchiolitis in our PICU. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzles Using Dynamic Programming and the Hungarian Procedure

Problem statement: To design, implement, and test an algorithm for so lving the square jigsaw puzzle problem, which has many applications in image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision such as restoration of archeologica l artifacts and image descrambling. Approach: The algorithm used the gray level profiles of border pi xels for local matching of the puzzle pieces, which was performed using dynamic programming to facilita te non-rigid alignment of pixels of two gray level profiles. Unlike the classical best-first sea rch, the algorithm simultaneously located the neigh bors of a puzzle piece during the search using the wellknown Hungarian procedure, which is an optimal assignment procedure. To improve the search for a g lobal solution, every puzzle piece was considered as starting piece at various starting locations. Results: Experiments using four well-known images demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed appr o ch over the classical piece-by-piece matching approach. The performance evaluation was based on a new precision performance measure. For all four test images, the proposed algorithm achieved 1 00% precision rate for puzzles up to 8×8. Conclusion: The proposed search mechanism based on simultaneou s all cation of puzzle pieces using the Hungarian procedure provided better performance than piece-by-piece used in classical methods.
Feature Selection Embedded Subspace Clustering

We propose a new subspace clustering method that integrates feature selection into subspace clustering. Rather than using all features to construct a low-rank representation of the data, we find such a representation using only relevant features, which helps in revealing more accurate data relationships. Two variants are proposed by using both convex and nonconvex rank approximations. Extensive experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and models.
Serial first- and second-trimester Down's syndrome screening tests among IVF-versus naturally-conceived singletons.

BACKGROUND
It has been reported that second-trimester serum markers may be affected by assisted reproduction, leading to a higher false-positive rate.


METHODS
A total of 285 naturally and 71 IVF-conceived singletons which underwent a serial disclosure Down's syndrome screening programme were compared. The study protocol included first-trimester combined [nuchal translucency (NT), free beta-HCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A)] testing. The second-trimester triple serum screening included alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), intact HCG and unconjugated estriol (uE3). After excluding aneuploidies, miscarriages, anatomical anomalies and cases with incomplete follow-up, the serum samples of normal cases were assessed and correlated.


RESULTS
NT measurement was not significantly changed in either group. However, the IVF group had lower PAPP-A [0.96 versus 1.05 multiples of normal median (MoM)] and higher AFP (1.13 versus 1.07 median MoM). Both groups had similar rates of first-trimester false-positive results (FPR; 7 and 9% respectively), but the IVF group had a significantly higher mid-gestation FPR rate (10 versus 5%; Pearson chi2, P = 0.029). This has contributed to amniocentesis uptake rates of 15 and 13% for the IVF and natural conception pregnancies respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The IVF group tended to have a significantly higher second-trimester FPR rate. To counterbalance this phenomenon, integrated first- and second-trimester screening tests or the use of NT alone might be a reasonable option that deserves further investigation.
Controlling neutron orbital angular momentum

The quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons offers an additional degree of freedom and topological protection from noise. Photonic OAM states have therefore been exploited in various applications ranging from studies of quantum entanglement and quantum information science to imaging. The OAM states of electron beams have been shown to be similarly useful, for example in rotating nanoparticles and determining the chirality of crystals. However, although neutrons—as massive, penetrating and neutral particles—are important in materials characterization, quantum information and studies of the foundations of quantum mechanics, OAM control of neutrons has yet to be achieved. Here, we demonstrate OAM control of neutrons using macroscopic spiral phase plates that apply a ‘twist’ to an input neutron beam. The twisted neutron beams are analysed with neutron interferometry. Our techniques, applied to spatially incoherent beams, demonstrate both the addition of quantum angular momenta along the direction of propagation, effected by multiple spiral phase plates, and the conservation of topological charge with respect to uniform phase fluctuations. Neutron-based studies of quantum information science, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and scattering and imaging of magnetic, superconducting and chiral materials have until now been limited to three degrees of freedom: spin, path and energy. The optimization of OAM control, leading to well defined values of OAM, would provide an additional quantized degree of freedom for such studies.
Using ontology to enhance requirement engineering in agile software process

One of the most important factors when determining the success of the Agile software development process is requirement engineering. Ontology is a well — known knowledge representation tool in knowledge management application. This paper contributes the investigation of its usage in the software development process. We propose the novel use of ontology to enhance requirement engineering in the Agile process to improve communication between software development team and stakeholders.
Fuel Tax Incidence and Supply Conditions

In this paper, we provide new evidence regarding the pass-through of diesel and gasoline taxes to prices, and how the estimated pass-through depends on a variety of supply conditions including a measure of state residual supply elasticity, and refinery and inventory constraints. In addition, we estimate the response of tax incidence to gasoline content regulations, which complicate the supply chain by increasing product heterogeneity. We find that state gasoline and diesel taxes are on average fully passed on to consumers. We also find that the pass-through of diesel taxes is greater in settings where untaxed uses of diesel are more important, which corresponds to times when residual supply is more elastic. We find that only half of the state diesel tax is passed on to consumers when U.S. refinery capacity utilization is above 95 percent. Gasoline taxes, on the other hand, are fully passed through regardless of season or capacity utilization, indicating that a gas tax holiday would provide price relief to consumers. We find that regional gasoline content regulations affect pass-through – we estimate tax pass-through is 22 percentage points lower in a state using two blends of gasoline than a state using one blend of gasoline. The authors thank Erzo Luttmer, Raj Chetty, Monica Singhal, and seminar participants at UC Berkeley, Northeastern, UC Santa Cruz, Harvard, Wisconsin, Columbia, the Public Choice Society Annual Conference, and the NBER Economics of Taxation Summer Institute for helpful comments. University of California, Santa Cruz. marion@ucsc.edu John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Erich Muehlegger@ksg.harvard.edu.
Program Slicing: Methods and Applications

Program slicing is a viable method to restrict the focus of a task to specific sub-components of a program. Examples of applications include debugging, testing, program comprehension, restructuring, downsizing, and parallelization. This paper discusses different statement deletion based slicing methods, together with algorithms and applications to software engineering.
The Formation of Massive Stars

We present a model for the formation of massive (M > ∼ 10M⊙) stars through accretioninduced collisions in the cores of embedded dense stellar clusters. This model circumvents the problem of accreting onto a star whose luminosity is sufficient to reverse the infall of gas. Instead, the central core of the cluster accretes from the surrounding gas, thereby decreasing its radius until collisions between individual components become significant. These components are, in general, intermediate-mass stars that have formed through accretion onto low-mass protostars. Once a sufficiently massive star has formed to expel the remaining gas, the cluster expands in accordance with this loss of mass, halting further collisions. This process implies a critical stellar density for the formation of massive stars, and a high rate of binaries formed by tidal capture.
Hardcore, punk, and other junk : aggressive sounds in contemporary music

Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Food For Thought: On Sid Vicious's Cannibalization of "My Way" Evan Ware Chapter 2: Let the Shillelagh Fly: The Dropkick Murphys and Irish-American Hybridity Sean Ahern Chapter 3: Am I Evil? The Meaning of Metal Lyrics to its Fans Mika Elovaara Chapter 4: By Demons Be Driven? Scanning 'Monstrous' Voices Marcus Erbe Chapter 5: Heavy Metal Music in the Caribbean Setting: Politics and Language at the Periphery Nelson Varas-Diaz, Eliut Rivera-Segarra Chapter 6: No Fun: Noise Music, Avant-garde Aggression, and Sonic Punishment Ross Hagan Chapter 7: The Last Report: Throbbing Gristle and Audio Extremes Brian Cogan Chapter 8: Black Metal Soul Music: Stone Vengeance and the Aesthetics of Race in Heavy Metal. Kevin Fellezs Chapter 9: "The Time is Right to Set Our Sight on Salvation": The Strange Tale of How the Hare Krishnas Came To Play Hardcore Punk Colin Helb Chapter 10: The Cult of Hellmouth: The Success of Contemporary Hardcore Eric James Abbey Afterword Bibliography Contributors Index
Multi-dimensional Robustness Optimization in Heterogeneous Distributed Embedded Systems

Embedded system optimization typically considers objectives such as cost, timing, buffer sizes, and power consumption. Robustness criteria, i.e. sensitivity of the system to property variations like execution and transmission delays, input data rates, CPU clock rates, etc., has found less attention despite its practical relevance. In this paper we present an approach for optimizing multidimensional robustness criteria in complex distributed embedded systems. The key novelty of our approach is a scalable stochastic multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis technique approximating the sought-after sensitivity front from two sides, i.e. coming from the space of working and from the space of non-working system property combinations. We utilize the proposed stochastic sensitivity analysis to derive multi-dimensional robustness metrics, which are capable of bounding the robustness of given system configurations with little computational effort. The proposed metrics can significantly speed up multidimensional robustness optimization by quickly identifying promising system configurations, whose in-depth robustness evaluation can be performed subsequently to the optimization process
DESKEWING ALGORITHM FOR UNCONSTRAINED HANDWRITTEN KANNADA DOCUMENTS LEADING TO LINE AND WORD SEGMENTATION

34 Abstract— Extraction of lines and words from handwritten document images containing skewed text is one of th e most difficult and challenging problem. In this paper, a new deskewing algorithm leading to line and word segmen tation from an unconstrained hand written Kannada document s is proposed. The method employs preprocessing, dilation and labelling the connected components of input image a s initial step. Then an intelligent technique is used to grou p the words belonging to a text line. The extracted words are s ubjected to removal of unwanted information that pertains to adjacent words. Further the skew angle computation and rotat ion operation (when angle is other than zero) are perfo rmed for purpose of deskewing of extracted words. Then deskewd words are intelligently written into new image without overlapping of words in text line. The method also takes care of de tecting text lines containing consonant modifiers. Inter word and intra character gap variations are also taken care at the time of word segmentation by the proposed method. The method is e valuated for 20 images having 166 lines and 823 words. A lin e segmentation accuracy of 96.38% and word segmentati on accuracy of 92.10% is achieved. The method works eff iciently for document images containing skew upto four degre es. The method also works correctly even in the presence co nsonant and vowel modifiers, compound characters and uneven spa cing between characters and words.
A Reform and Discussion on Produce Practice for the Specialty of Surveying and Mapping Engineering

Summary the experience and shortcomings which gained in the previous production practice, combine with its own characteristics of specialty with subject characteristics of the New period, Put forward make full use of Production, Learning and Researching base, implementation a variety of models such as "employment-led, decentralized and centralized integration", Production Practice and Graduation Design integration etc, and building process control and assessment systems to improve the process and quality of production practice, in order to train the students which has the application talent what our state, society, market demand.
Virtual anastylosis of Greek sculpture as museum policy for public outreach and cognitive accessibility

This paper deals with a virtual anastylosis of a Greek Archaic statue from ancient Sicily and the development of a public outreach protocol for those with visual impairment or cognitive disabilities through the application of three-dimensional (3-D) printing and haptic technology. The case study consists of the marble head from Leontinoi in southeastern Sicily, acquired in the 18th century and later kept in the collection of the Museum of Castello Ursino in Catania, and a marble torso, retrieved in 1904 and since then displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Siracusa. Due to similar stylistic features, the two pieces can be dated to the end of the sixth century BC. Their association has been an open problem, largely debated by scholars, who have based their hypotheses on comparisons between pictures, but the reassembly of the two artifacts was never attempted. As a result the importance of such an artifact, which could be the only intact Archaic statue of a kouros ever found in Greek Sicily, has not fully been grasped by the public. Consequently, the curatorial dissemination of the knowledge related with such artifacts is purely based on photographic material. As a response to this scenario, the two objects have been 3-D scanned and virtually reassembled. The result has been shared digitally with the public via a web platform and, in order to include increased accessibility for the public with physical or cognitive disabilities, copies of the reassembled statue have been 3-D printed and an interactive test with the 3-Dmodel has been carried out with a haptic device. © 2017 SPIE and IS&T [DOI: 10.1117/1.JEI.26.1.011025]
Effectiveness of VIA, Pap, and HPV DNA Testing in a Cervical Cancer Screening Program in a Peri-Urban Community in Andhra Pradesh, India

BACKGROUND
While many studies have compared the efficacy of Pap cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA assays for the detection cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer, few have evaluated the program effectiveness.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
A population-based sample of 5603 women from Medchal Mandal in Andhra Pradesh, India were invited to participate in a study comparing Pap cytology, VIA, and HPV DNA screening for the detection of CIN3+. Participation in primary screening and all subsequent follow-up visits was rigorously tracked. A 20% random sample of all women screened, in addition to all women with a positive screening test result underwent colposcopy with directed biopsy for final diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were adjusted for verification bias. HPV testing had a higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90.6%) compared to Pap cytology (sensitivity  =  78.2%; specificity = 86.0%) and VIA (sensitivity = 31.6%; specificity = 87.5%). Since 58% of the sample refused involvement and another 28% refused colposcopy or biopsy, we estimated that potentially 87.6% of the total underlying cases of CIN3 and cancer may have been missed due to program failures.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that despite our use of available resources, infrastructure, and guidelines for cervical cancer screening implementation in resource limited areas, community participation and non-compliance remain the major obstacles to successful reduction in cervical cancer mortality in this Indian population. HPV DNA testing was both more sensitive and specific than Pap cytology and VIA. The use of a less invasive and more user-friendly primary screening strategy (such as self-collected swabs for HPV DNA testing) may be required to achieve the coverage necessary for effective reduction in cervical cancer mortality.