LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition informatics competencies across all levels of practice: a national Delphi study.

S EVERAL REPORTS FROM THE Institute of Medicine are transforming health care as we know it today. In 1999, a landmark report entitled To Err Is Human focused on the elimination of paper-based medical records to help reduce medical errors. A year later, Crossing the Quality Chasm followed up with a report pointing out how innovation and information technology can improve the quality of our outdated health care system. To help cross that chasm, the Institute of Medicine published another report focusing on educating the next generation of health care professionals. As outlined in Health Professions Education, A Bridge to Quality, patient-centered care, evidence-based practice, quality-improvement approaches, and informatics will all be necessary to improve health care in the future. Our profession is beginning to acknowledge the specialized area of nutrition informatics and how it will impact our practice. We have already seen the introduction and implementation of theNutritionCare Process, International Dietetics and Nutrition Terminology, Nutrition Care Manual, and the Evidence Analysis Library. In 2006, the first article entitled “Nutrition Informatics” appeared in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. By 2007, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly theAmericanDietetic Association) appointed a work group to look at what role informatics would play in the profession. The work group defined the term nutrition informatics as “the effective retrieval, organization, storage, and optimum use of information, data,
Improving Cyberbullying Detection with User Context

The negative consequences of cyberbullying are becoming more alarming every day and technical solutions that allow for taking appropriate action by means of automated detection are still very limited. Up until now, studies on cyberbullying detection have focused on individual comments only, disregarding context such as users’ characteristics and profile information. In this paper we show that taking user context into account improves the detection of cyberbullying.
5.2 Third Generation Multimedia Applications

11 generating contextual information which can be used to make applications which are adaptive and far more exible. The third generation of multimedia applications will not only exploit improvements in the network technology, but more importantly will take advantage of any contextual or location information made available. As mentioned earlier, this information will come from agents interpreting streams, as well as from resource and active location databases. We have experimented with these applications in both Pandora and Medusa, although the integration of location system services has in both cases been retrospective. We consider provision of such information to be a necessary underlying component of any future systems we might build-it should be intrinsic to the system, and available at all levels within it. The Teleporting System Bennett94] is an example of an application that may be able to exploit third generation networks. It ooers users the ability to interact with existing computer applications from any suitably equipped networked terminal. The system presents a means by which we can experiment with applications that adapt and reconngure based on any contextual and location information available. At present, multimedia applications do not function within the teleport-ing system, but the system's integration with third generation networks may make this possible. A subject of ongoing research is the provision of systems support, at all levels, for multimedia applications which adapt to the kind of network they are reign routed on, the kind of peripherals they are using, as well as the environment within which they are operating. 6 Conclusions We recognise two important details which will innuence the further development and wider acceptance of the technologies outlined above. These are cost and scalability. While networks improve and begin to support the underlying QoS requirements of future multimedia applications, each of these details must be considered. The cost aspect involves charging for network use, which will have to change signiicantly. There will be a blur between the notions of long and short distance, prompted particularly due to mobile networks which force a relaxation in this distinction. There is also the cost of a network connection itself, which must not limit us in our choice of networked peripherals. The wide-area propagation of these third generation networks will see their use on many diierent scales. It will extend from the household level, with perhaps even with an ATM doorbell, through to the wide area where we will see …
Prenatal US diagnosis of congenital imperforate hymen

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, was referred for third-trimester sonography at 34 weeks’ gestation to evaluate fetal growth. Sonography revealed a female fetus with an echogenic, midline, nonvascular pelvic mass (Fig. 1, arrow) and no associated genitourinary abnormality. Differential diagnoses included an ovarian mass, distended rectum, hydrocolpos, vaginal atresia and urogenital sinus. Postnatal US revealed an echogenic, fluid-containing midline pelvic mass (Fig. 2, black arrow) in the setting of an imperforate hymen. The cervix is marked (double white arrows). The
Laparoscopic Omohyoid Muscle Transection Surgery: A Novel Procedure Against Omohyoid Muscle Syndrome.

In OMS patients [Figure 1b], the most important pathology change is the loosen of IT tendon sheath.[3] After that, the OH becomes short and fibrosis because of the disuse atrophy. When the patient swallows, the OH cannot be extended, the IT moved laterally and superiorly. The posterior clavicle margin of OH replace IT as a new origin of force, When the patient swallow, the shorten OH like a string, form an X‐shaped tent to elevate the SCM in the lateral neck during upward movement of the hyoid bone. The elevated SCM formed the mass in the neck.
Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorbers: Design, Modeling, and Road Tests

This paper presents the design, modeling, bench experiments, and road tests for a retrofit regenerative shock absorber based on a permanent magnetic generator and a rack-pinion mechanism for the purposes of energy harvesting and vibration damping. Results show that variable damping coefficients and the asymmetric feature in jounce and rebound motions are achieved by controlling the electrical load of the shock absorber. Improved efficiency and reliability are achieved by utilizing a roller to guide the rack and preload on the gear transmission to reduce backlash and friction. A peak power of 68 W and average power of 19 W are attained from one prototype shock absorber when the vehicle is driven at 48 km/h (30 mi/h) on a fairly smooth campus road.
Autonomous Navigation for Wheeled Mobile Robots-A Survey

Autonomous navigation is one of the most important issues in wheeled mobile robots since it determines the intelligence of robots. In this paper, we summarized some recent navigation approaches from the view of sensor selection, map building, localization and path planning. Finally, the future works in navigation field of wheeled mobile robots are prospected.
Response to combination therapy of interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in Hispanics with chronic hepatitis C.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the response rate of Hispanics with chronic hepatitis C to combination therapy of interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin and to assess its adverse events.


BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus may lead to chronic infection and multiple complications. Response to combination therapy of interferon plus ribavirin has been studied in many populations. African Americans have been found to have a lower response rate than Caucasians. However, little data exist for Hispanics.


METHODS
Hispanic patients from Puerto Rico with chronic hepatitis C were eligible for the study between November 1997 and February 2000. The Institutional Review Boards of the participating institutions approved the study. Written informed consents were obtained. Combination therapy was given for 48 weeks and patients were followed for 24 weeks after treatment. Analysis of response to therapy was performed in an intention-to-treat basis.


RESULTS
The most frequent adverse event was anemia (89%), associated to ribavirin. Sustained response was 23% for naive patients, 45% for relapsers, and 8% for non-responders to previous interferon monotherapy (p < 0.001). Data to analyze response was not available in 27% of patients. Hispanic patients had a low response rate to combination therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Response rates to combination therapy for Hispanic naive and previously non-responder patients are lower than in other reported populations. This may be due to a high prevalence of genotype 1 in Puerto Rico, which is associated to poor response. The higher response rate of relapsers, similar to those reported previously, was expected since these patients showed a previous response to interferon monotherapy. Ethnic factors may play a role in the response to therapy and should be further studied to determine proper treatment strategies for this population.
Relativistic point particles in external fields

Motion of a point particle (a particle without any internal structure) in the context of special relativity is investigated. The study is based on the action principle with either time or the prope...
Stochastic Hill Climbing with Learning by Vectors of NormalDistributionsSecond corrected and enhanced

This paper describes a stochastic hill climbing algorithm named SHCLVND to optimize arbitrary vectorial < n ! < functions. It needs less parameters. It uses normal (Gaussian) distributions to represent probabilities which are used for generating more and more better argument vectors. The-parameters of the normal distributions are changed by a kind of Hebbian learning. Kvasnicka et al. KPP95] used algorithm Stochastic Hill Climbing with Learning (HCwL) to optimize a highly multimodal vectorial function on real numbers. We have tested proposed algorithm by optimizations of the same and a similar function and show the results in comparison to HCwL. In opposite to it algorithm SHCLVND desribed here works directly on vectors of numbers instead their bit-vector representations and uses normal distributions instead of numbers to represent probabilities. 1 Overview In Section 2 we give an introduction with the way to the algorithm. Then we describe it exactly in Section 3. There is also given a compact notation in pseudo PASCAL-code, see Section 3.4. After that we give an example: we optimize highly multimodal functions with the proposed algorithm and give some visualisations of the progress in Section 4. In Section 5 there are a short summary and some ideas for future works. At last in Section 6 we give some hints for practical use of the algorithm. 2 Introduction This paper describes a hill climbing algorithm to optimize vectorial functions on real numbers. 2.1 Motivation Flexible algorithms for optimizing any vectorial function are interesting if there is no or only a very diicult mathematical solution known, e.g. parameter adjustments to optimize with respect to some relevant property the recalling behavior of a (trained) neuronal net HKP91, Roj93], or the resulting image of some image-processing lter.
Intellectual capital : an exploratory study that develops measures and models

This paper details an empirical pilot study that explores the development of several conceptual measures and models regarding intellectual capital and its impact on business performance. The objective of this pilot study is to explore the development of items and constructs through principal components analysis and partial least squares (PLS). The final retained, subjective measures and optimal structural specification show a valid, reliable, significant and substantive causal link between dimensions of intellectual capital and business performance. These results should help both academics and practitioners more readily understand the components of intellectual capital and provide insight into developing and increasing it within an organization. Suggestions are then made to advance and improve this research programme. All men by nature desire knowledge. Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher. Metaphysics, Book 1, Chapter 1.
Selecting Criteria to Evaluate Qualitative Research

While the evaluation of quantitative research frequently depends on  judgements based on the “holy trinity” of objectivity, reliability and validity (Spencer, Ritchie, Lewis, & Dillon, 2003, p. 59), applying  these  traditional  criteria  to qualitative  research  is not always a “good  fit”  (Schofield, 2002).  Instead,  educational  researchers  who  engage  in  qualitative  research  have  suggested various  sets  of  alternative  criteria  including:  transferability,  generalisability,  ontological authenticity, reciprocity, dependability, confirmability, reflexivity, fittingness, vitality and, even, sacredness and goodness  (Creswell, 2002; Garman, 1996; Guba & Lincoln, 1989; Patton, 2002; Spencer et al., 2003; Stige, Malterud, & Midtgarden, 2009). While over one hundred sets of qualitative  research criteria have been  identified  (Stige et al., 2009),  some  researchers warn  against  the  absolute  application  of  any  criteria  to  qualitative research which is, by its nature, wide‐ranging and varied, and does not necessarily lend itself to the straightforward application of any evaluation criteria. Nevertheless, whether or not criteria are applied at all  in  the  research evaluation process, postgraduate  students  face a number of decisions associated with  the process of evaluating qualitative  research: 1) whether or not  to adopt a  set of appraisal criteria; 2) which  criteria  to  select,  if criteria are used; and 3) how  to apply  alternative  approaches  to  criteria‐focused  evaluation.  These  decisions  often  require  a paradigm  shift  (Khun,  1962)  in  the way  postgraduate  students  perceive  and  approach  their research. The messiness and complexity associated with such decisions can be confronting. This paper  examines  a  number  of  approaches  used  by  researchers  to  evaluate  qualitative investigations in educational research.
Insulin resistance and LVH progression in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a substudy of the ASTRONOMER trial.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this substudy of the ASTRONOMER (Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin) trial was to examine the association between insulin resistance and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS).


BACKGROUND
In a recent cross-sectional study, the authors reported that the metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased prevalence of concentric LVH in patients with AS. As a central feature of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance could be an important mediator of this association.


METHODS
This substudy included 250 of 269 patients enrolled in ASTRONOMER. Follow-up was 3.4 ± 1.3 years. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostatic assessment model (HOMA) index, and patients were dichotomized using the median HOMA index value (1.24). The rate of LVH progression was estimated by calculating the annualized change in LV mass index (LVMi), measured on echocardiography. The presence of LVH was defined as an LVMi >47 g/m(2.7) in women and >49 g/m(2.7) in men.


RESULTS
There was a significant progression of LVH among the patients without LVH at baseline (n = 134; p < 0.0001) but not in those with it (n = 116; p = NS). In those without LVH at baseline, the annualized progression rate of LVMi was significantly faster in the subset with HOMA >1.24 compared to that in the subset with HOMA <1.24 (2.49 ± 4.38 g/m(2.7)/year vs. -0.03 ± 3.90 g/m(2.7)/year; p = 0.001). During follow-up, LVH developed in 46% of patients with HOMA >1.24 compared to 11% of those with HOMA <1.24 (p = 0.0005). Independent predictors of faster LVH progression identified on multivariate analysis were history of hypertension (p = 0.048), degree of aortic valve calcification (p = 0.035), and HOMA index (p = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
In this ASTRONOMER substudy, insulin resistance was a powerful independent predictor of progression to LVH in patients with AS. Visceral obesity and ensuing insulin resistance may thus present novel therapeutic targets in AS patients.
Accidental genital trauma in the female children in Jordan and the role of forensic medicine.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the frequency and the nature of genital trauma in female children in Jordan, and to stress the role of forensics.


METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2008 and December 2011 in Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Sixty-three female children were examined for genital trauma after immediate admission. The mechanism of injury was categorized and reported by the examiners as either straddle, non-straddle blunt, or penetrating.


RESULTS
Straddle injury was the cause of injuries in 90.5% of patients, and contusions were the significant type of injury in 34% of patients, followed by abrasions in both labia majora and labia minora. Only one case suffered from non-intact hymen and 2 had hematuria. These 3 cases (4.7%) required surgical intervention and follow-up after 2 weeks.


CONCLUSION
Straddle injuries were the main cause of genital trauma and rarely affect the hymen; however, due to the sensitivity of the subject and the severity of the traumas, forensic physicians should provide consultation and cooperate with gynecologists to exclude or confirm hymenal injuries, where empathy is necessary to mitigate tension associated with such injuries for the sake of the child and the parents as well, along with good management of the injury type.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the reliability of the Thai version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)

HOOS was developed as an extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire for measuring symptoms and functional limitations related to the hip(s) of patients with osteoarthritis. To determine the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) vis-à-vis hip osteoarthritis, the original HOOS was translated into a Thai version of HOOS, according to international recommendations. Patients with hip osteoarthritis (n = 57; 25 males) were asked to complete the Thai version of HOOS twice: once then again after a 3-week interval. The test–retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistencies were analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha, while the construct validity was tested by comparing the Thai HOOS with the Thai modified SF-36 and calculating the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. The Thai HOOS produced good reliability (i.e., the ICC was greater than 0.9 in all five subscales). All of the Cronbach’s alpha showed that the Thai HOOS had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha greater than 0.8), especially for the pain and ADL subscales (0.89 and 0.90, respectively). The Spearman’s rank correlation for all five subscales of the Thai HOOS had moderate correlation with the Bodily Pain subscale of the Thai SF-36. The pain subscale of the Thai HOOS had a high correlation with the Vitality and Social Function subscales of the Thai SF-36 (r = 0.55 and 0.54)—with which the symptom subscale had a moderate correlation. The Thai version of HOOS had excellent internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability, and good construct validity. It can be used as a reliable tool for assessing quality of life for patients with hip osteoarthritis in Thailand.
Case-Based Subgoaling in Real-Time Heuristic Search for Video Game Pathfinding

Real-time heuristic search algorithms satisfy a constant bound on the amount of planning per action, independent of problem size. As a result, they scale up well as problems become larger. This property would make them well suited for video games where Artificial Intelligence controlled agents must react quickly to user commands and to other agents’ actions. On the downside, real-time search algorithms employ learning methods that frequently lead to poor solution quality and cause the agent to appear irrational by re-visiting the same problem states repeatedly. The situation changed recently with a new algorithm, D LRTA*, which attempted to eliminate learning by automatically selecting subgoals. D LRTA* is well poised for video games, except it has a complex and memory-demanding pre-computation phase during which it builds a database of subgoals. In this paper, we propose a simpler and more memory-efficient way of pre-computing subgoals thereby eliminating the main obstacle to applying state-of-the-art real-time search methods in video games. The new algorithm solves a number of randomly chosen problems off-line, compresses the solutions into a series of subgoals and stores them in a database. When presented with a novel problem on-line, it queries the database for the most similar previously solved case and uses its subgoals to solve the problem. In the domain of pathfinding on four large video game maps, the new algorithm delivers solutions eight times better while using 57 times less memory and requiring 14% less pre-computation time.
Unemployment and Firm Entry and Exit: An Update on a Controversial Relationship

ENRICO SANTARELLI †, MARTIN CARREE‡ and INGRID VERHEUL§ Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Email: enrico.santarelli@unibo.it †Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany ‡Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands. Email: m.carree@os.unimaas.nl §Department of Applied Economics, Centre for Advanced Small Business Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Email: verheul@few.eur.nl