LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Software-Defined Multicast for Over-the-Top and Overlay-based Live Streaming in ISP Networks

The increasing amount of over-the-top (OTT) live streams and the lack of global network layer multicast support poses challenges for a scalable and efficient streaming over the Internet. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) help by delivering the streams to the edge of almost every Internet Service Provider (ISP) network of the world but usually also end there. From there on, the streams are to be delivered to the clients using IP unicast, although an IP multicast functionality would be desirable to reduce the load on CDN nodes, transit links, and the ISP infrastructure. IP multicast is usually not available due to missing control and management features of the protocol. Alternatively, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) mechanisms can be applied to extend the overlay multicast functionality of the CDN towards the clients. Unfortunately, P2P only improves the situation for the CDN but makes it more challenging for the ISP as even more unicast flows are generated between clients inside and outside the ISP network. To tackle this problem, a Software-Defined Networking-based cross-layer approach, called Software-Defined Multicast (SDM), is proposed in this paper, enabling ISPs to offer network layer multicast support for OTT and overlay-based live streaming as a service. SDM is specifically tailored towards the needs of P2P-based video stream delivery originating from outside the ISP network and can easily be integrated with existing streaming systems. Prototypical evaluations show significantly improved network layer transmission efficiencies when compared to other overlay streaming mechanisms, down to a level as low as for IP multicast, at linearly bounded costs.
Fatigue resistance and crack propensity of novel "super-closed" sandwich composite resin restorations in large MOD defects.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the influence of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) vs resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) as a base material for novel, super-closed sandwich restorations (SCSR) and its effect on shrinkage-induced crack propensity and in vitro accelerated fatigue resistance.


METHODS
A standardized MOD slottype tooth preparation was applied to 30 extracted maxillary molars (5 mm depth/5 mm buccolingual width). A modified sandwich restoration was used, in which the enamel/dentin bonding agent was applied first (Optibond FL, Kerr), followed by a Ketac Molar (3M ESPE)(group KM, n = 15) or Fuji II LC (GC) (group FJ, n = 15) base, leaving 2 mm for composite resin material (Miris 2, Coltène-Whaledent). Shrinkageinduced enamel cracks were tracked with photography and transillumination. Samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles under isometric chewing (5 H z), starting with a load of 200 N (5,000 X), followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 N at a maximum of 30,000 X each. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis (α = .008, Bonferroni method).


RESULTS
Group FJ showed the highest survival rate (40% intact specimens) but did not differ from group KM (20%) or traditional direct restorations (13%, previous data). SCSR generated less shrinkage-induced cracks. Most failures were re-restorable (above the cementoenamel junction [CEJ]).


CONCLUSIONS
Inclusion of GIC/RMGIC bases under large direct SCSRs does not affect their fatigue strength but tends to decrease the shrinkage-induced crack propensity.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of GIC/ RMGIC bases and the SCSR is an easy way to minimize polymerization shrinkage stress in large MOD defects without weakening the restoration.
Endoscopic transorbital surgery for spheno-orbital lesions: how I do it

The endoscopic transorbital approach has been recently proposed for the surgical management of spheno-orbital lesions as an alternative to craniotomy surgeries. We analyze the technical nuances and what we have changed as our experience increased after the first operations performed for 12 different spheno-orbital lesions. The endoscopic transorbital approach is useful for the treatment of selected spheno-orbital lesions and could represent an interesting option in experienced hands. More studies are needed to fully understand its potentialities and limitations.
An internal dual-band mobile phone antenna

An internal dual-band mobile phone antenna designed to operate at GSM900 and GSM1800 bands is presented. The antenna is derived from a quarter-wave planar inverted F-type antenna, which has at this state proved to be the most promising candidate for mobile applications due to its compact size and good performance. The FDTD method is used in the study and an experimental verification is also provided.
Employing Lightweight Primitives on Low-Cost RFID Tags for Authentication

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have been aggressively deployed in a variety of applications. RFID security and privacy issues have been intensively studied in the research field, of which the authentication between RFID reader and tag is the fundamental theme. Most of the existing authentication protocols draw assumptions on classic cryptographic primitives. However, for extremely resource constraint RFID tags, only lightweight primitives can be incorporated. In this paper, we propose an RFID mutual authentication protocol employing ultra-lightweight mathematic primitives to achieve secure tag/reader authentication. The proposed scheme is secure in sense of tag anonymity, man-in-the-middle resistance, and forgery prevention that are shown in our analysis. The scheme is also efficient due to fast calculation on reduced hardware implementation.
Psychopharmacologic treatment of pediatric major depressive disorder

The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth has received much attention in recent years due to concerns of efficacy and safety of the antidepressants for the treatment of MDD in youth. This review describes the existing published and unpublished literature regarding the efficacy and short-term safety of the antidepressants and decision-making process required for the use of these medications for youth with MDD. In addition, current continuation and maintenance treatments are discussed. In general, nine depressed youth must be treated with an antidepressant to obtain one clinical response above that achieved with placebo. To date, fluoxetine has showed the most consistent positive treatment effects. Depressed youth had also acutely responded to other antidepressants, but the response to placebo has also been high. Overall, the antidepressants are well tolerated, but 1–3 children and adolescents of 100 taking antidepressants showed onset or worsening of suicidal ideation and, more rarely, suicide attempts. There is a positive risk–benefit ratio for the use of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressed youth. First-line antidepressant treatment with—or without—specific types of psychotherapy is indicated for youth with MDD of at least moderate severity. All youth taking antidepressants must be closely monitored for suicidality and medication side effects. Many youth will likely require psychotherapy or additional medication treatments to address comorbid disorders. Treatments to prevent relapses and recurrences require further study.
The flow diagram approach to computer logical design using the NCR 304 as an illustration

A flow diagram approach to the logical design and mechanization of computers and other digital equipment has served as a basic design method for the formulation and construction of a medium-size data processor, the NCR 304.
Uses Of The Other: "The East" in European Identity Formation

Examines identity politics in the context of international relations. The field of international relations has recently witnessed a tremendous growth of interest in the theme of identity and its formation, construction, and deconstruction. In Uses of the Other, Iver B. Neumann demonstrates how thinking about identity in terms of the self and other may prove highly useful in the study of world politics.
Dual-Band and Wideband Design of a Printed Dipole Antenna Integrated with Dual-Band Balun

A dual-band printed dipole antenna with integrated balun feed is given in this paper. First, the fork-shaped slot is etched on the arms of the printed dipole antenna to achieve the dual-band operation with resonances at WLAN bands. The radiating element without balun is optimized and operates at 2.4 GHz (2180–2750MHz) and 5.2GHz (5040 MHz–5480MHz) where return loss is less than −10 dB. In order to get a larger bandwidth, a modified Marchand balun is introduced for dual-band operation, which can provide two resonances in each band to enhance impedance bandwidth. By co-designing the radiating element with the dual-band balun, an antenna covering 2150–2750 MHz and 5050–6230 MHz bands has been achieved. The design equations for modified balun have been presented and agreement between calculation and measurement is good.
What is a good evaluation measure for semantic segmentation?

Motivation. The goal of semantic segmentation is to assign each pixel of a photograph to one of several semantic class labels, or to none of them. Semantic segmentation has many potential applications including scene understanding, removing undesired objects from photographs, copy-pasting objects from one photograph to another, or local class-based image enhancement. These diverse applications might have different requirements when it comes to judging whether the semantic segmentation algorithm has made “a good job”. For instance, for the first application it might be sufficient to segment the scene into rough blobs. On the other hand, in computer graphics applications, having a precise delineation of the contours is important. Ideally, the success of the segmentation algorithm should be measured by the success of the end application. As this is generally too difficult to evaluate, the computer vision community has resorted to applicationindependent measures of accuracy. In this paper, we raise the following question: what is a good semantic segmentation measure? and show that the answer is not as trivial as it sounds.
Simulation Modeling and Arena

To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-09726-7 (cloth/cd) 1. Simulation methods. 2. Discrete-time systems. 3. Arena (Computer file). This is an introductory textbook for a first course in discrete-event simulation modeling and analysis for upper-level undergraduate students as well as entering graduate students. While the text is focused on engineering students (primarily industrial engineering), it could also be used by advanced students in business, computer science, and other disciplines where simulation is practiced. Of course, practitioners interested in learning simulation and Arena could also use this book independently. Discrete-event simulation is an important tool for the modeling of complex systems. It is used to represent manufacturing, transportation, and service systems in a computer program for the purpose of performing experiments. Representation of the system via a computer program enables the testing of engineering design changes without disruption to the system being modeled. Simulation modeling involves elements of system modeling, computer programming , probability and statistics, and engineering design. Because simulation modeling involves these individually challenging topics, the teaching and learning of simulation modeling can be difficult for both instructors and students. Instructors are faced with the task of presenting computer programming concepts, probability modeling, and statistical analysis, all within the context of demonstrating how to model complex systems such as factories and supply chains. In addition, because of the complexity associated with simulation modeling, specialized computer languages are needed, and thus must be taught to students for v FM2_Final 12/04/2008 6 use during the model-building process. This book is intended to help instructors with this daunting task. Traditionally, there have been two major types of simulation textbooks (1) those that emphasize the theoretical (and mostly statistical) aspects of simulation, and (2) those that emphasize the simulation language or package. The intention of this book is to merge these two aspects of simulation textbooks, while adding and emphasizing the art of model building. Thus, the book contains chapters on modeling and chapters that emphasize the statistical aspects of simulation. However, the coverage of statistical analysis is integrated with the modeling in such a way to emphasize the importance of both topics. This book uses the Arena Simulation Environment as the primary modeling tool for teaching simulation. Arena is one of the leading simulation modeling packages in the world and has a strong and active user base. While the book …
Are both the sensory and the affective dimensions of pain encoded in the face?

The facial expression of pain plays a crucial role in pain communication and pain diagnostics. Despite its importance, it has remained unknown which dimensions of pain (sensory and/or affective) are encoded in the face. To answer this question, we used a well-established cognitive strategy (suggestions) to differentially modulate the sensory and affective dimensions of pain and investigate the effect of this manipulation on facial responses to experimental pain. Twenty-two subjects participated in the study. Their facial expressions, pain intensity, and unpleasantness ratings as well as skin conductance responses to tonic and phasic heat pain were assessed before and after suggestions directed toward increase in affective and sensory qualities of pain, respectively, were provided. Facial expressions were analyzed with the Facial Action Coding system. As expected, suggestions designed to increase the sensory dimension produced a selective increase in pain intensity ratings, whereas suggestions designed to increase pain affect produced increased unpleasantness ratings and elevated skin conductance responses. Furthermore, suggestions for either increased pain affect or pain sensation produced selective modulations in facial response patterns, with facial movements around the eyes mostly encoding sensory aspects, whereas movements of the eyebrows and of the upper lip were closely associated with the affective pain dimension. The facial expression of pain is a multidimensional response system that differentially encodes affective and sensory pain qualities. This differential encoding might have evolved to guarantee that the specific characteristics of one's pain experience are facially communicated, thereby ensuring adequate help and support from others.
Evaluation of inter-fraction and intra-fraction errors during volumetric modulated arc therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

BACKGROUND
This prospective study was conducted to evaluate inter- and intra-fraction errors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients undergoing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to thus obtain planning target volume (PTV) margins to effectively guide treatment in the future.


METHODS
Fifteen NPC patients scheduled to undergo VMAT were prospectively enrolled in the study. For each patient, three CBCT scans were obtained; one after daily conventional positioning, one after online correction with 2 mm tolerance and one after 1 week of VMAT delivery. The scans were registered to the planning CT to determine the inter- and intra-fraction errors. Patient positioning errors were analyzed for time trends over the course of radiotherapy. PTV margins were calculated from the systematic (Σ) and random (σ) errors.


RESULTS
The average absolute values of the pre-correction, post-correction and intra-fraction errors (in order) were 1.1, 0.6 and 0.4 mm in the medial-lateral (ML) direction, 1.2, 0.7 and 0.5 mm in the superior-inferior (SI) direction and 1.1, 0.7 and 0.5 mm in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The corresponding Σ were 1.0-1.4 mm, 0.4-0.5 mm and 0.2-0.4 mm, while the corresponding σ were 0.7-0.8 mm, 0.6-0.7 mm and 0.5-0.6 mm. With time, gradual increases in both the inter- and intra-fraction three-dimensional displacements were observed (P = 0.019 and P = 0.044, respectively). The total PTV margins accounting for pre-correction and intra-fraction errors were 3.4-4.1 mm and those accounting for post-correction and intra-fraction errors were 1.7-2.2 mm.


CONCLUSIONS
CBCT is an effective modality to evaluate and improve the accuracy of VMAT in NPC patients. Inter- and intra-fraction three-dimensional displacements increased as a function of time during the course of radiotherapy. In our institution, we recommend a PTV margin of 5 mm for NPC patients undergoing VMAT without CBCT and 3 mm for those treated with rigorous daily CBCT scans.
Preschool Instruction and Children's Emergent Literacy Growth.

Preschoolers’ (N 156) classroom language and literacy experiences, defined across multiple dimensions, and their vocabulary and emergent literacy development were investigated. Videotaped classroom observations revealed substantial variability in amount and types of language and emergent literacy activities, across classrooms and for individual children within classrooms. Generally, more time in emergent code-focused activities was associated with preschoolers’ alphabet and letter–word recognition growth, whereas more time in meaning-focused activities (e.g., book reading) was related to vocabulary growth. Only teacherand teacher–child-managed activities were associated with alphabet and letter– word growth, whereas child-managed experiences, including play, were also associated with vocabulary growth. Overall, the effect size for student-level, code-focused instruction (small group) was about 10 times greater than was its classroom-level (whole-class) counterpart. There were Child Instruction interactions, with the impact of different activities varying with preschoolers’ incoming vocabulary and emergent literacy.
Single-dose versus multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for the surgical treatment of closed fractures

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Recent meta-analyses have suggested similar wound infection rates when using single- or multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in the operative management of closed long bone fractures. In order to assist clinicians in choosing the optimal prophylaxis strategy, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing single- and multiple-dose prophylaxis.


METHODS
A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the two prophylactic strategies was performed using time horizons of 60 days and 1 year. Infection probabilities, costs, and quality-adjusted life days (QALD) for each strategy were estimated from the literature. All costs were reported in 2007 US dollars. A base case analysis was performed for the surgical treatment of a closed ankle fracture. Sensitivity analysis was performed for all variables, including probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation.


RESULTS
Single-dose prophylaxis results in lower cost and a similar amount of quality-adjusted life days gained. The single-dose strategy had an average cost of $2,576 for an average gain of 272 QALD. Multiple doses had an average cost of $2,596 for 272 QALD gained. These results are sensitive to the incidence of surgical site infection and deep wound infection for the single-dose treatment arm. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using all model variables also demonstrated preference for the single-dose strategy.


INTERPRETATION
Assuming similar infection rates between the prophylactic groups, our results suggest that single-dose prophylaxis is slightly more cost-effective than multiple-dose regimens for the treatment of closed fractures. Extensive sensitivity analysis demonstrates these results to be stable using published meta-analysis infection rates.
Cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3 in HIV-positive women: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
The purposes of the study were to investigate the outcomes of cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3 in HIV-positive women and age-matched HIV-negative controls and to determine whether positive margin, positive endocervical curettage, CD4 count, or viral load was associated with the persistence of CIN 2,3 or residual CIN 2,3 on the specimen from repeat excision procedure or hysterectomy.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
HIV-positive women and HIV-negative controls with CIN 2,3 on cervical conization were enrolled in the study. Patients who underwent repeat conization or hysterectomy were identified, and the specimens were evaluated for residual CIN 2,3. CD4 count and viral load within 8 weeks of procedure were analyzed.


RESULTS
A total of 44 patients and 44 age-matched controls were identified. Persistent CIN 2,3 was diagnosed in 28 HIV-positive (63.6%) and 14 HIV-negative patients (31.8%; odds ratio [OR] = 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-11.5, p < .001). In HIV-positive women, a positive margin was associated with a higher persistence rate after cervical conization (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.17-24.14, p = .03). In HIV-negative patients, positive endocervical curettage was associated with a higher persistence rate after conization (OR = 12, 95% CI = 2.24-64.23, p = .004). Of HIV-positive women, 75% had residual CIN 2,3 on the specimen from repeat procedure compared to 45.2% of controls (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.3-10.6, p = .018). CD4 count or viral load was not associated with the rate of residual disease or persistence rate after cervical conization, but the lowest OR that the sample size allowed to assess with 90% power was 5.02.


CONCLUSIONS
HIV-positive women have a higher rate of residual disease and higher persistence rate after conization for CIN 2,3 than age-matched HIV-negative controls.
Private Demand, Social Equity and Adult Education in Singapore

Introduction There are currently two views about the relationship between education and economic development. One rather narrow view treats education as an investment in people — in human capital — that raises productivity and national income just like investments in physical capital. Rational individuals invest in themselves when they see that private returns exceed private cost. Governments should invest in education that gives favourable social rates of returns. Their main function is to respond to the established pattern of demand for education. The second, and broader, view sees education not as a pure investment good, but as a powerful force that increases people's knowledge, changes their values and attitudes, and thus expanding their ability to absorb new technology. In this view, the expansion of educational opportunities is vital to the making of a modern society. Governments should provide education with the objective of creating a fully educated society — a society where everyone has at least ...