LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The connecticut experiments second year: ultrasound in the screening of women with dense breasts.

To determine if the addition of screening breast ultrasound in women with mammographically normal but dense breasts improves breast cancer detection. The study utilized a retrospective chart review. Data collected included: (a) total number of screening mammograms; (b) total number of dense breast screening ultrasounds; (c) screening ultrasound Breast Imaging Reporting Data System (BI-RADS) code results; (d) biopsy results; and (e) demographic data on women with malignant biopsies. Data were obtained from sites throughout Connecticut from November 1, 2010 to October 31, 2011. Data from 5 Connecticut radiology practices covering 10 sites were collected. Sites conducted a total of 57,417 screening mammograms and 10,282 dense breast screening ultrasounds. Of the screening ultrasounds, 87% (8,972/10,282) were BI-RADS 1 or 2, 9% (875/10,282) were BI-RADS 3, 4% (435/10,282) were BI-RADS 4 or 5, and 39 were found to have a cancer or high-risk lesion on biopsy. This correlates to 3.8 cancers or high-risk lesions per 1,000 women screened. If high-risk lesions are excluded, there are 24 cases of biopsy proven malignancy corresponding to 2.3 cancers per 1,000 women screened. In this study, screening breast ultrasound in women with mammographically normal but dense breasts demonstrated a positive predictive value of 9% (39/435) and specificity of 96% (8,972/9,368). Based on the data collected from sites throughout Connecticut, screening breast ultrasound in women with dense breast parenchyma detects mammographically occult malignancy and high-risk lesions. The results are especially significant given recent studies suggesting that breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer and that mammography is less effective in detecting cancer in dense breasts. The improved specificity and sensitivity between the 1st and 2nd years' suggests there is a learning curve that may continue to improve the results.
The single nucleotide polymorphisms of chicken melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and their association analysis with carcass traits

Mutations of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene are associated with the appetite, obesity and growth in pig, mice and human. But little is known about the function of chicken MC4R gene. In this study, F2 chicken resource population derived from broilers crossing to Silky was screened for the polymorphisms of the MC4R gene using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sites were found. The mutation (C→T) in the 5′ regulation region of chicken MC4R gene results in one more NF-E2 and cap transcription factor binding sites in the mutation allele than in the wild allele. One missense mutation (G→A) occurs in the coding region (61nt), which changes the glycine to arginine. Moreover, in the coding region there are 2 synonymous mutations, one G→T mutation at 315nt and one C→T mutation at 336nt. Least square analysis of the SNPs and carcass traits showed that BB, DD and FF genotypes are significantly associated with body weight, carcass weight (or half carcass weight), and leg muscle weight (P<0.05 or P<0.01). But no significant association between the genotypes and abdominal fat weight is found. The results present the evidence that the chicken MC4R gene can be selected as the major candidate gene for the carcass traits such as body weight and growth.
Dynamic metabolic profiling of the marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 and enhancing its oil production by optimizing light intensity

BACKGROUND
Marine microalgae are among the most promising lipid sources for biodiesel production because they can be grown on nonarable land without the use of potable water. Marine microalgae also harvest solar energy efficiently with a high growth rate, converting CO2 into lipids stored in the cells. Both light intensity and nitrogen availability strongly affect the growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition of oleaginous microalgae. However, very few studies have systematically examined how to optimize lipid productivity by adjusting irradiance intensity, and the metabolic dynamics that may lead to improved lipid accumulation in microalgae have not been elucidated. Little is known about the mechanism of lipid synthesis regulation in microalgae. Moreover, few studies have assessed the potential of using marine microalgae as oil producers.


RESULTS
In this work, a newly isolated marine microalga, Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4, was selected as a potential lipid producer, and the effect of photobioreactor operations on cell growth and lipid production was investigated. The combined effects of light intensity and nitrogen depletion stresses on growth and lipid accumulation were further explored in an effort to markedly improve lipid production and quality. The optimal lipid productivity and content attained were 312 mg L(-1) d(-1) and 43.1% per unit dry cell weight, respectively. This lipid productivity is the highest ever reported for marine microalgae. Metabolic intermediates were profiled over time to observe transient changes during lipid accumulation triggered by combined stresses. Finally, metabolite turnover was also assessed using an in vivo (13)C-labeling technique to directly measure the flow of carbon during lipid biosynthesis under stress associated with light intensity and nitrogen deficiency.


CONCLUSIONS
This work demonstrates the synergistic integration of cultivation and dynamic metabolic profiling technologies to develop a simple and effective strategy for enhancing oil production in a marine microalga. The knowledge obtained from this study could be useful in assessing the feasibility of marine microalgae biodiesel production and for understanding the links between dynamic metabolic profiles and lipid biosynthesis during the course of microalgal cultivation.
A randomized phase II trial of mitoxantrone, estramustine and vinorelbine or bcl-2 modulation with 13-cis retinoic acid, interferon and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: ECOG 3899

To test the hypothesis that modulation of Bcl-2 with 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA)/interferon-alpha2b (IFN) with paclitaxel (TAX), or mitoxantrone, estramustine and vinorelbine (MEV) will have clinical activity in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). 70 patients were treated with either MEV (Arm A) in a 3-week cycle or CRA/IFN/TAX with an 8-week cycle (Arm B). Patients were assessed for response, toxicity, quality of life (QOL), and the effect of treatment on Bcl-2 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The PSA response rates were 50% and 23%, measurable disease response rates (CR+PR) 14% and 15%, and median overall survival 19.4 months and 13.9 months on Arm A and Arm B respectively. Transient grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 18 and 2 patients, and grade 3 to 4 thrombosis in 7 patients and 1 patient in Arm A and Arm B respectively. Patients on Arm B reported a clinically significant decline in QOL between baseline and week 9/10 (.71 s.d.), and a significantly lower level of QOL than Arm A (p = 0.01). As hypothesized, Bcl-2 levels decreased with CRA/IFN therapy only in Arm B (p = 0.03). Treatment with MEV was well tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in patients with CRPC. Given the adverse effect of CRA/IFN/TAX on QOL, the study of other novel agents that target Bcl-2 family proteins is warranted. The feasibility of measuring Bcl-2 protein in a cooperative group setting is hypothesis generating and supports further study as a marker for Bcl-2 targeted therapy. Clinical Trials Registration number: CDR0000067865
The use of natural and synthetic phospholipids as pharmaceutical excipients*

In pharmaceutical formulations, phospholipids obtained from plant or animal sources and synthetic phospholipids are used. Natural phospholipids are purified from, e.g., soybeans or egg yolk using non-toxic solvent extraction and chromatographic procedures with low consumption of energy and minimum possible waste. Because of the use of validated purification procedures and sourcing of raw materials with consistent quality, the resulting products differing in phosphatidylcholine content possess an excellent batch to batch reproducibility with respect to phospholipid and fatty acid composition. The natural phospholipids are described in pharmacopeias and relevant regulatory guidance documentation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Synthetic phospholipids with specific polar head group, fatty acid composition can be manufactured using various synthesis routes. Synthetic phospholipids with the natural stereochemical configuration are preferably synthesized from glycerophosphocholine (GPC), which is obtained from natural phospholipids, using acylation and enzyme catalyzed reactions. Synthetic phospholipids play compared to natural phospholipid (including hydrogenated phospholipids), as derived from the number of drug products containing synthetic phospholipids, a minor role. Only in a few pharmaceutical products synthetic phospholipids are used. Natural phospholipids are used in oral, dermal, and parenteral products including liposomes. Natural phospholipids instead of synthetic phospholipids should be selected as phospholipid excipients for formulation development, whenever possible, because natural phospholipids are derived from renewable sources and produced with more ecologically friendly processes and are available in larger scale at relatively low costs compared to synthetic phospholipids. Practical applications: For selection of phospholipid excipients for pharmaceutical formulations, natural phospholipids are preferred compared to synthetic phospholipids because they are available at large scale with reproducible quality at lower costs of goods. They are well accepted by regulatory authorities and are produced using less chemicals and solvents at higher yields. In order to avoid scale up problems during pharmaceutical development and production, natural phospholipid excipients instead of synthetic phospholipids should be selected whenever possible.
Urinary incontinence and diabetes in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates diabetes characteristics and other risk factors for urinary incontinence among community-dwelling postmenopausal women.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based study of 1,017 postmenopausal women (218 with diabetes), aged 55-75 years, enrolled from a health maintenance organization. Outcomes included any incontinence and severe incontinence in the prior month.


RESULTS
Overall, 60% of women had any incontinence in the prior month and 8% had severe incontinence. Parity and postvoid residual bladder volume were not associated with incontinence. Oral estrogen and vaginal estrogen use were positively associated with a report of any incontinence but not severe incontinence. A history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and measures of general health were associated with both outcomes. Women with diabetes reported disproportionately more severe incontinence, difficulty controlling urination, mixed (stress and urge) incontinence, use of pads, inability to completely empty the bladder, being unaware of leakage, and discomfort with urination (P < or = 0.06). Diabetes duration, treatment type, peripheral neuropathy, and retinopathy were significantly associated with severe incontinence in multiple regression models adjusted for age, education, and history of UTI (P = 0.01-0.06); however, additional adjustment for BMI diminished the strength of association (P = 0.17-0.52).


CONCLUSIONS
Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women. Women with diabetes are more likely to experience severe and symptomatic urinary incontinence. UTI history is a major risk factor, postvoid residual bladder volume plays no demonstrable role, and BMI confounds the relationship between diabetes and incontinence among healthy postmenopausal women.
To Be Playing to the Gallery of Oneself Alone: The Motif of Enclosure after WW II in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar and Some Selected Poems

Introduction More than a decade after the end of WW II two important and transforming shocks were administered to American poetry: Allen Ginsberg's Howl (1956) and Robert Lowell's Life Studies (1959). Their poems anticipated and explored strains in American social relations which were to issue in the open conflicts of the 1960s and 1980s, namely the public unrest about the uses of government and industrial power; the institutions of marriage and family; the rights of racial minorities and of women. Post-war poets soon began to claim their independence in poetic manifestos, and this was the point where many began to react to the very strict and rigid methods of their academic training, which were intensely based on an English curriculum, studying critical essays of contemporary poets and critics, thinking of a poem as something totally objective and composing it in intricate stanzas and rhymes as a sign of a civilized mind's power to explore and tame raw experience. Triggered, then, was the emergence of the more exploratory styles of the 1950s and 1960s, extending the subject matter of poetry to more explicit and extreme areas of autobiography. On the other hand, a new mainstream was emerging in American fiction as well. According to Tony Tanner in The City of Words (1971), the cultivation of an inner space by the writer and his/her hero in contemporary American fiction was a recurrent one. This is exactly what Sylvia Plath traces in her works. This paper will focus on these cultural and political shifts and tensions, reflected in Plath's works, who was always hateful of being trapped in the routine of an ordinary life, especially that of a housewife in the 1950s and 1960s. I will shed light on the resulting sense of enclosure under all these pressures from the external world felt by a post-war woman poet who also suffered from manic depression.
Organizational Context and Capabilities for Integrating Care: A Framework for Improvement

BACKGROUND
Interventions aimed at integrating care have become widespread in healthcare; however, there is significant variability in their success. Differences in organizational contexts and associated capabilities may be responsible for some of this variability.


PURPOSE
This study develops and validates a conceptual framework of organizational capabilities for integrating care, identifies which of these capabilities may be most important, and explores the mechanisms by which they influence integrated care efforts.


METHODS
The Context and Capabilities for Integrating Care (CCIC) Framework was developed through a literature review, and revised and validated through interviews with leaders and care providers engaged in integrated care networks in Ontario, Canada. Interviews involved open-ended questions and graphic elicitation. Quantitative content analysis was used to summarize the data.


RESULTS
The CCIC Framework consists of eighteen organizational factors in three categories: Basic Structures, People and Values, and Key Processes. The three most important capabilities shaping the capacity of organizations to implement integrated care interventions include Leadership Approach, Clinician Engagement and Leadership, and Readiness for Change. The majority of hypothesized relationships among organizational capabilities involved Readiness for Change and Partnering, emphasizing the complexity, interrelatedness and importance of these two factors to integrated care efforts.


CONCLUSIONS
Organizational leaders can use the framework to determine readiness to integrate care, develop targeted change management strategies, and select appropriate partners with overlapping or complementary profiles on key capabilities. Researchers may use the results to test and refine the proposed framework, with a focus on the hypothesized relationships among organizational capabilities and between organizational capabilities and performance outcomes.
Finding a Heaviest Triangle is not Harder than Matrix Multiplication

We show that for any ε > 0, a maximum-weight triangle in an undirected graph with <i>n</i> vertices and real weights assigned to vertices can be found in time O(<i>n</i>ω + <i>n</i><sup>2+ε</sup>), where ω is the exponent of fastest matrix multiplication algorithm. By the currently best bound on ω, the running time of our algorithm is O(<i>n</i><sup>2.376</sup>). Our algorithm substantially improves the previous time-bounds for this problem recently established by Vassilevska et al. (STOC 2006, O(<i>n</i><sup>2.688</sup>)) and (ICALP 2006, O(<i>n</i><sup>2.575</sup>)). Its asymptotic time complexity matches that of the fastest known algorithm for finding <i>a</i> triangle (not necessarily a maximum-weight one) in a graph.
 By applying or extending our algorithm, we can also improve the upper bounds on finding a maximum-weight triangle in a sparse graph and on finding a maximum-weight subgraph isomorphic to a fixed graph established in the papers by Vassilevska et al. For example, we can find a maximum-weight triangle in a vertex-weighted graph with <i>m</i> edges in asymptotic time required by the fastest algorithm for finding <i>any</i> triangle in a graph with <i>m</i> edges, i.e., in time O(<i>m</i><sup>1.41</sup>).
Irradiation with a 632.8 nm helium-neon laser with 5 J/cm2 stimulates proliferation and expression of interleukin-6 in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells.

BACKGROUND
The use of lasers has been shown to stimulate wound healing in vivo and in vitro. There is an increase in wound closure, cell viability, proliferation, and cytokine expression. If laser parameters can be optimized and standardized, and the underlying mechanisms better understood, this phototherapy can become an alternative safe treatment to slow-to-heal wounds, such as in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effect on cellular proliferation, migration, and cytokine [interleukin-6 (IL-6)] expression in diabetic and diabetic wounded fibroblast cells (WS1) post-laser irradiation.


METHODS
Diabetic and diabetic wounded WS1 cells were irradiated at 632.8 nm (23 mW) with 5 J/cm(2) or 16 J/cm(2). IL-6 level, cellular proliferation (neutral red assay), and morphology were then determined.


RESULTS
Diabetic cells irradiated with 5 J/cm(2) showed no significant change, while diabetic wounded cells showed an increase in IL-6 level, proliferation, and migration. On the other hand, diabetic and diabetic wounded cells irradiated with 16 J/cm(2) showed a significant decrease in proliferation and evidence of cellular damage, and wounded cells showed no migration.


CONCLUSION
This study showed that phototherapy at the correct fluence stimulates IL-6 expression, proliferation, and cellular migration in diabetic wounded cells. A fluence of 5 J/cm(2) stimulates diabetic wound healing in vitro, while 16 J/cm(2) is inhibitive.
Students' opinions about the effects of preclinical patient contacts on their learning.

Several reasons have been given why students should have contacts with real patients early in the undergraduate medical curriculum, i.e., in the preclinical phase. However, it is not clear exactly what effects early patient contacts have with regard to knowledge construction and the development of clinical reasoning skills. We sought students' views of the effects of preclinical real patient contacts on their learning, knowledge construction and development of clinical reasoning. Twenty-four students in the third and last preclinical year of a 6-year undergraduate medical programme were divided into three focus groups which met twice, after which saturation was reached. The discussions were recorded and transcribed. Summaries of the discussions were approved by the students after some modifications. Atlas-ti software was used to create a coding framework resulting in identification of main themes and sub themes. Early patient contacts motivate students to study, help them understand the impact of illness on patients' lives, and enhance professional socialisation and memory processes. Students distinguish between analytic and non-analytic clinical reasoning in connection with real patients. Analytic reasoning involves clinical and basic science knowledge. Non-analytic reasoning involves pattern recognition and is made possible by experiential learning from different patient contacts. The students indicate that seeing real patients early in their training has several positive effects on their learning. The contacts enhance knowledge construction and clinical reasoning. Although our results will have to be validated by quantitative, observational and experimental research, they imply that educational benefits are to be gained from real patient contacts in the preclinical phase of medical education.
Applications of agent-based systems in intelligent manufacturing: An updated review

Agent technology has been recognized as a promising paradigm for next generation manufacturing systems. Researchers have attempted to apply agent technology to manufacturing enterprise integration, enterprise collaboration (including supply chain management and virtual enterprises), manufacturing process planning and scheduling, shop floor control, and to holonic manufacturing as an implementation methodology. This paper provides an update review on the recent achievements in these areas, and discusses some key issues in implementing agent-based manufacturing systems such as agent encapsulation, agent organization, agent coordination and negotiation, system dynamics, learning, optimization, security and privacy, tools and standards. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
It changed my life : writings on the women's movement

Introduction, 1998 Introduction Consciousness Breaking Through the Feminine Mystique The Way We Were--1949 (1974) Angry Letters, Relieved Letters (1963) Woman: The Fourth Dimension (1964) Television and the Feminine Mystique (1964) The Crisis in Women's Identity (1964) The Actions Organizing the Women's Movement for Equality NOW Statement of Purpose (1966) "The First Year": The President's Report to NOW 1967 "Our Revolution Is Unique": Excerpt from the President's Report to NOW, 1968 "Tokenism and the Pseudo-Radical Copout" (1969) Abortion: A Woman's Civil Right (1969) Judge Carswell and the "Sex Plus" Doctrine (1970) Call to Women's Strike for Equality (1970) Strike Day, August 26th, 1970 Critique of Sexual Politics (1970) "The Next Step": The National Women's Political Caucus (1971) Betty Friedan's Notebook Struggling for Personal Truth (1971-1973) Transcending Polarities New Power in the World Madame Prime Minister (1966) A Visit with Pope Paul (1974) A Dialogue with Simone de Beauvoir (1975) The Crises of Divorce (1974) An Open Letter to True Men (1974) Scary Doings in Mexico City (1975) An Open Letter to the Women's Movement--1976 Afterwords Afterword to "The National Women's Political Caucus" Afterword to "Madame Prime Minister" Afterword to "A Visit with Pope Paul" Afterword to "Scary Doings in Mexico City" Afterword to "An Open Letter to the Women's Movement--1976"
Personality-based recommender systems: an overview

Personality is a critical factor which influences people's behavior and interests. There is a high potential that incorporating users' characteristics into recommender systems could enhance recommendation quality and user experience. The goal of this tutorial is to give an overview of personality-based recommender systems and discuss challenges and possible research directions in this topic.