LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The burden of stomach cancer in indigenous populations: a systematic review and global assessment.

OBJECTIVE
Stomach cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, especially in developing countries. Incidence has been associated with poverty and is also reported to disproportionately affect indigenous peoples, many of whom live in poor socioeconomic circumstances and experience lower standards of health. In this comprehensive assessment, we explore the burden of stomach cancer among indigenous peoples globally.


DESIGN
The literature was searched systematically for studies on stomach cancer incidence, mortality and survival in indigenous populations, including Indigenous Australians, Maori in New Zealand, indigenous peoples from the circumpolar region, native Americans and Alaska natives in the USA, and the Mapuche peoples in Chile. Data from the New Zealand Health Information Service and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program were used to estimate trends in incidence.


RESULTS
Elevated rates of stomach cancer incidence and mortality were found in almost all indigenous peoples relative to corresponding non-indigenous populations in the same regions or countries. This was particularly evident among Inuit residing in the circumpolar region (standardised incidence ratios (SIR) males: 3.9, females: 3.6) and in Maori (SIR males: 2.2, females: 3.2). Increasing trends in incidence were found for some groups.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a higher burden of stomach cancer in indigenous populations globally, and rising incidence in some indigenous groups, in stark contrast to the decreasing global trends. This is of major public health concern requiring close surveillance and further research of potential risk factors. Given evidence that improving nutrition and housing sanitation, and Helicobacter pylori eradication programmes could reduce stomach cancer rates, policies which address these initiatives could reduce inequalities in stomach cancer burden for indigenous peoples.
Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes in childhood. Reference values for lymphocyte subpopulations.

OBJECTIVE
Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes is an important tool in the diagnosis of hematologic and immunologic disorders. Because of maturation and expansion of the immune system in the first years of life, the relative and the absolute size of lymphocyte subpopulations vary during childhood. Therefore we wished to obtain reference values for the relative and the absolute size of all relevant blood lymphocyte subpopulations in childhood.


STUDY DESIGN
We used the lysed whole blood method for analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in 429 blood samples from neonates (n = 20), healthy children (n = 358), and adults (n = 51). The following age groups were used: 1 week to 2 months (n = 13), 2 to 5 months (n = 46), 5 to 9 months (n = 105), 9 to 15 months (n = 70), 15 to 24 months (n = 33), 2 to 5 years (n = 33), 5 to 10 years (n = 35), and 10 to 16 years (n = 23).


RESULTS
Our results show that the absolute number of CD19+ B lymphocytes increases twofold immediately after birth, remains stable until 2 years of age, and subsequently gradually decreases 6.5-fold from 2 years to adult age. The CD3+ T lymphocytes increase 1.5-fold immediately after birth and decrease threefold from 2 years to adult age. The absolute size of the CD3+/CD4+ T-lymphocyte subpopulation follows the same pattern as the total CD3+ population, but the CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes remain stable from birth up to 2 years of age, followed by a gradual threefold decrease toward adult levels. In contrast to B and T lymphocytes, the absolute number of natural killer cells decreases almost threefold in the first 2 months of life and remains stable thereafter. Our study also showed that changes in the absolute size of lymphocyte subpopulations are not always consistent with changes in their relative size. This demonstrates that the relative counts of lymphocyte subsets do not reflect their actual size and are therefore of limited value.


CONCLUSION
On the basis of this study we strongly recommend that immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes for the diagnosis of hematologic and immunologic disorders be based on the absolute rather than on the relative size of lymphocyte subpopulations. Our data can be used as age-matched reference values for blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping.
Lip geometric features for human-computer interaction using bimodal speech recognition: comparison and analysis

Bimodal speech recognition is a novel extension of acoustic speech recognition for which both acoustic and visual speech information are used to improve the recognition accuracy in noisy environments. Although various bimodal speech systems have been developed, a rigorous and detailed comparison of the possible geometric visual features from speakers faces has not been given yet in the previous papers. Thus, in this paper, the geometric visual features are compared and analyzed rigorously for their importance in bimodal speech recognition. The relevant information of each possible single visual feature is used to determine the best combination of geometric visual features for both visualonly and bimodal speech recognition. From the geometric visual features analyzed, lip vertical aperture is the most relevant; and the set formed by the vertical and horizontal lip apertures and the first order derivative of the lip corner angle gives the best results among the possibilities of reduced set of geometric features that were analyzed. Also, in this paper, the effect of the modelling parameters of hidden Markov models (HMM) on each single geometric lip feature s recognition accuracy is analyzed. Finally, the accuracy of acoustic-only, visual-only, and bimodal speech recognition methods are experimentally determined and compared using the optimized HMMs and geometric visual features. Compared to acoustic and visual-only speech recognition, the bimodal speech recognition scheme has a much improved recognition accuracy using the geometric visual features, especially in the presence of noise. The results obtained showed that a set of as few as three labial geometric features are sufficient to improve the recognition rate by as much as 20% (from 62%, with acoustic-only information, to 82%, with audio-visual information at a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB). 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Corresponding authors. Tel.: +1-480-9651319; fax: +1-4809658325 (M.N. Kaynak), tel.: +65-874-6850; fax: +65-779-1103
Effectiveness of talent management strategies

This paper investigates the effects of different types of talent management strategies on organisational performance. We introduce four different strategies and show how they affect organisational performance. For this purpose, we use a particularly detailed dataset of 138 Swiss companies. We find that talent management focusing on retaining and developing talents as job satisfaction, motivation, commitment and trust in leaders. Moreover, talent management practices with a strong focus on corporate strategy have a statistically higher significant impact on organisational outcomes such as company attractiveness, the achievement of business goals, customer satisfaction and, above all, corporate profit, more so than any other areas that talent management focuses upon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2011.042177 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-55630 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Bethke-Langenegger, Pamela; Mahler, Philippe; Staffelbach, Bruno (2011). Effectiveness of talent management strategies. European Journal of International Management, 5(5):524-539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2011.042177 Effectiveness of Talent Management Strategies Pamela Bethke-Langenegger* University of Zurich Institute of Business Administration Lecturer, Chair Human Resource Management Plattenstrasse 14 CH-8032 Zurich Email: pamela.bethke@business.uzh.ch *corresponding author Philippe Mahler University of Zurich Institute of Business Administration Senior Research Associate, Chair Human Resource Management Plattenstrasse 14 CH-8032 Zurich Email: philippe.mahler@business.uzh.ch Bruno Staffelbach University of Zurich Institute of Business Administration Professor, Chair Human Resource Management Plattenstrasse 14 CH-8032 Zurich Email: bruno.staffelbach@business.uzh.ch
Prevalence and routine assessment of unhealthy alcohol use in hospitalized patients.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of alcohol misuse among medical inpatients and the methods used by medical staff to evaluate alcohol consumption.


METHODS
Multicenter, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study performed at 21 hospitals in Spain. All adult patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards on 12 March 2008 were eligible for study. Alcohol consumption was evaluated with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C and AUDIT) and the Systematic Inventory of Alcohol Consumption questionnaire. Drinking patterns were determined according to clinical evaluation using ICD-10 criteria. Medical records were reviewed to gather information on the recording of alcohol use.


RESULTS
We assessed 1039 inpatients, of whom 123 (12%) had unhealthy alcohol drinking patterns. Alcohol misuse was more frequent among males (odds ratio 5.20), younger patients (odds ratio, 14.17), median age patients (odds ratio, 2.99), and South Region (odds ratio, 1.77). Alcohol use during hospitalization was recorded in 603 inpatients (59%); quantitative records were performed in 28% of hazardous and harmful drinkers and in 41% of dependent patients. Lack of alcohol use recording was more frequent among females (odds ratio 1.73), median and older age groups (odds ratios 1.44 and 1.73, respectively), Northwest Regions (odds ratios 3.46). Patients from the East Region (odds ratio 0.47) had more frequently assessed the question in their medical records.


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of alcohol misuse was higher in hospitalized patients than in the general population. Adequate quantitative recording was infrequent. We stress the need to implement measures to increase and improve the detection and recording of alcohol use.
The Impact of Accreditation on the Quality of Hospital Care : KwaZulu-Natal Province , Republic of South Africa October 2003

The number of countries implementing accreditation programs in their healthcare systems has grown in the past decade, but accreditation’s impact has not been tested rigorously using a randomized control trial. The purpose of this study was to conduct such a trial in a developing country setting and to air its implications. The KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South Africa was chosen because it had just contracted with the Council for Health Services Accreditation of Southern Africa (COHSASA) to introduce hospital accreditation into KZN public hospitals. Following discussions between COHSASA and the Joint Commission International (JCI), a joint research team representing the Medical Research Council (MRC) of South Africa and JCI, under the sponsorship of the USAID Quality Assurance Project, was engaged to study the impact of the COHSASA accreditation program on KZN hospitals. The KZN province agreed that 20 randomly selected public hospitals, stratified by size, could be part of the study. Ten of these hospitals entered the accreditation program in 1998; the other ten, which served as a control, entered about two years later. The study prospectively measured the effects of the COHSASA hospital accreditation program on various indicators of hospital care. The study used survey data from the COHSASA accreditation program measuring Continued on page iv The Impact of Accreditation on the Quality of Hospital Care: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Republic of South Africa
The contribution of intimate live music performances to the quality of life for persons with dementia.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intimate live music performances delivered by professional singers on the quality of life of persons with mild and severe dementia in nursing homes.


METHODS
A sample of 54 persons with varying degrees of dementia participated in the study. Complete data sets are available for 45 persons. Using a quasi-experimental design, quality of life was assessed on the dimensions of participation (human contact, care relationship and communication) and mental well-being (positive emotions, negative emotions and communication). Observational rating scales were completed by caregivers and family after the performance.


RESULTS
Intimate live music performances have a positive effect on human contact, care relationships, positive emotions and negative emotions, especially for the mild dementia group. They lead to improved human contact, better communication, more positive and less negative emotions, and an improved relationship between caregiver and receiver.


CONCLUSION
Intimate live music performances are an inexpensive, non-invasive, feasible way to improve a deteriorating quality of life for persons suffering from dementia. This form of supplementary care may also alleviate the task of caregivers.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Nursing homes should make more use of intimate live music performances as forms of complementary care.
Hydrolysis of Ferric Ion in Water and Conformational Equilibrium

Reported here are results of theoretical calculations on Fe(H2O)6 3+, Fe(H2O)5(OH) 2+, three isomers of Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 +, and Fe(H2O)3(OH)2 + to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hydrolysis of ferric ion in water. The combination of density functional electronic structure techniques and a dielectric continuum model for electrostatic solvation applied to the Fe(H2O)6 3+ complex yields an estimate of -1020 kcal/mol (experimental values -1037 kcal/mol to -1019 kcal/mol) for the absolute free energy of the aqueous ferric ion. The free energy change for the first hydrolysis reaction is predicted reasonably (2 kcal/mol predicted compared to 3 kcal/mol experimental). For the second hydrolysis reaction, we found an unexpected low energy isomer of Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 + with five ligands in the inner sphere and one water outside. The hexa-coordinate cis and trans isomers are, respectively, slightly lower and higher in energy. Calculations on the penta-coordinate species Fe(H2O)3(OH)2 + suggest that extrusion of the outer sphere water is nearly thermoneutral. The reaction free energy for the second hydrolysis is predicted in the range 16-18 kcal/mol, higher than the experimental value of
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Fluoroquinolones

The fluoroquinolones have moderate to excellent bioavailability, moderate to long elimination half-lives (50 to 98%) and volumes of distribution >1.5 L/kg. There is considerable variation in elimination pattern between fluoroquinolone agents, ranging from predominant renal excretion to extensive hepatic metabolism. Protein binding also varies between agents. Tissue concentrations often exceed plasma concentrations, while concentrations in CSF are modest in the presence of inflammation. Fluoroquinolones show concentration-dependent killing in vitro, and animal models have demonstrated the 24-hour AUC/MIC (area under the concentration-time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration) ratio to be the best predictor of bacterial killing in vivo, with the peak plasma concentration (Cmax)/MIC ratio being important for some bacteria, to prevent the emergence of resistance during treatment. Animal models and human studies with ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin and levofloxacin show that a 24-hour AUC/MIC ratio of about 100, or a Cmax/MIC ratio of about 10 gives maximum clinical and bacteriological efficacy. These values can be used to predict the efficacy of different agents against different pathogens, and to define pharmacodynamic ‘breakpoints’.
A macro-level scheduling method using Lagrangian relaxation

In this paper, a macro-level scheduling method is developed to provide high-level planning support for factories with multiple coordinating cells. The key challenges are large problem sizes, complicated product process plans, stringent cell coordination requirements, and possible resource overload. To model the problem with manageable complexity, detailed operations of a product within a cell are aggregated as a single operation whose processing time is related to the amount of resources allocated. “Overload variables” are introduced and penalized in the objective function. The goal is to properly allocate resources, efficiently handle complicated process plans, and coordinate cells to ensure on-time delivery, low working-in-process inventory, and small resource overload. The formulation obtained is “separable” and can be effectively decomposed by using Lagrangian relaxation. A combined backward and forward dynamic programming (BFDP) method is developed to solve a product subproblem after a novel transformation of its process plan. The BFDP is further simplified and solved approximately following the idea of the “surrogate subgradient method” to reduce the computation requirements for large problems. Numerical results show that near-optimal schedules can be obtained for problems with up to 50 000 operations within a reasonable amount of computation time.
Modality specific assessment of video game player's experience using the Emotiv

A growing body of literature has emerged that focuses upon cognitive assessment of video game player experience. Given the growing popularity of video gaming and the increasing literature on cognitive aspects of video gamers, there is a growing need for novel approaches to assessment of the cognitive processes that occur while persons are immersed in video games. In this study, we assessed various stimulus modalities and gaming events using an off-the-shelf EEG devise. A significant difference was found among different stimulus modalities with increasingly difficult cognitive demands. Specifically, beta and gamma power were significantly increased during high intensity events when compared to low intensity gaming events. Our findings suggest that the Emotiv EEG can be used to differentiate between varying stimulus modalities and accompanying cognitive processes. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Research On Graphing Calculators at the Secondary Level: Implications for Mathematics Teacher Education

This article focuses on three key factors that a survey of literature indicated impact the teaching and learning of mathematics with graphing calculators: access to graphing calculators, the place of graphing calculators in the mathematics curriculum, and the connection between graphing calculators and pedagogical practice. Access to graphing calculators is associated with student achievement gains and a wide array of problem-solving approaches. The research suggests students’ achievement is positively affected when they use curricula designed with graphing calculators as a primary tool. Studies of teachers’ use and privileging of graphing calculators illustrate the impact professionals have on students’ mathematical knowledge and calculator expertise. Implications of these research findings for preservice and in-service teacher education are summarized. Graphing calculators were first introduced in 1985 and within a few years mathematics educators began to study the role and impact of this tool on the teaching and learning enterprise. The field has amassed a significant body of research on students’ performance and learning with graphing calculators and a small, now growing, body of research on teachers’ use and knowledge of graphing calculators. An analysis of research studies published in peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades suggested a framework for summarizing the findings and implications of this research. Three themes emerged that cut across the existing literature: access to graphing calculators, the place of graphing calculators in mathematics curricula, and the connection between graphing calculators and pedagogical practice. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 5(1) 26 This article addresses what this literature suggests about teaching and learning mathematics with graphing calculators, as well as the implications of these research findings for preservice and in-service teacher education.
Pastoralism within land administration in KenyaThe missing link

In land administration (LA), the right to exercising property/ownership rights on land is based on cadastral processes of adjudication, survey and rights registration. Private ownership rights are now being taken up in pastoral areas, where they must contend with pastoralists’ land rights. Pastoral land use requires seasonal migrations determined by climatic conditions. This study aimed to find out how well the existing land laws and property rights in LA are able to serve the requirements of pastoralists land use, identify mismatches and put forward possible solutions. A case study was carried out in the Samburu–Laikipia–Isiolo–Meru landscape in Kenya. Data on the degree of livestock dependency among pastoralist communities, the spatial extent and patterns of dry season migrations, the resulting encounters between herders’ and non-pastoralist land use actors, and the perceptions of land rights held by actors were collected through a variety of methods and analysed. The results show that pastoralism is still active. The migration corridors reveal that herders maintain extensive dry season mobility, even though some of the corridors currently overlap with areas where land is privately owned by non-pastoralist land use actors. Moreover, the results show that most non-pastoralist land use actors have their land rights registered, but seasonal encounters with migrating pastoralists persist as pastoralists continue to exercise customary rights of communal use. We conclude that existing land laws and property rights in LA are suitable for sedentary land use, but do not address how to serve pastoralists land rights in time and space. The pastoralist’s migration routes and patterns obtained indicated that it is possible to predict where pastoralists will be at a given time/drought period. This information could be used by decision makers and land administrators to identify where and when pastoralists’ land rights apply. This could provide the foundation for including pastoralists’ spatiotemporal land rights in LA. Arguments emphasize that adjudication, surveys and registration of rights should focus not only on ownership and full control of land, but also on defined periods when spatiotemporal mobility and access rights could be granted to