LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning for any Activation Function

This paper considers the scenario that multiple data owners wish to apply a machine learning method over the combined dataset of all owners to obtain the best possible learning output but do not want to share the local datasets owing to privacy concerns. We design systems for the scenario that the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is used as the machine learning method because SGD (or its variants) is at the heart of recent deep learning techniques over neural networks. Our systems differ from existing systems in the following features: (1) any activation function can be used, meaning that no privacy-preserving-friendly approximation is required; (2) gradients computed by SGD are not shared but the weight parameters are shared instead; and (3) robustness against colluding parties even in the extreme case that only one honest party exists. We prove that our systems, while privacy-preserving, achieve the same learning accuracy as SGD and hence retain the merit of deep learning with respect to accuracy. Finally, we conduct several experiments using benchmark datasets, and show that our systems outperform previous system in terms of learning accuracies. keywords: privacy preservation, stochastic gradient descent, distributed trainers, neural networks.
Flow Coordination and Information Sharing in Supply Chains: Review, Implications, and Directions for Future Research

Advances in information technology, particularly in the e-business arena, are enabling firms to rethink their supply chain strategies and explore new avenues for inter-organizational cooperation. However, an incomplete understanding of the value of information sharing and physical flow coordination hinder these efforts. This research attempts to help fill these gaps by surveying prior research in the area, categorized in terms of information sharing and flow coordination. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the current body of knowledge and identifying promising areas for future research. Subject Areas: e-Business, Inventory Management, Supply Chain Management, and Survey Research.
The Elements of Physical Chemistry

The properties of gases thermodynamics - the first law, the second law phase equilibria chemical enquilibrium electrochemistry chemical kinetics atomic structure the chemical bond cohesion and structure molecular spectroscopy.
A randomised controlled trial of total hip arthroplasty versus resurfacing arthroplasty in the treatment of young patients with arthritis of the hip joint

BACKGROUND
Hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery is a highly successful treatment for patients with severe symptomatic arthritis of the hip joint. For older patients, several designs of Total Hip Arthroplasty have shown excellent results in terms of both function and value for money. However, in younger more active patients, there is approximately a 50% failure rate at 25 years for traditional implants. Hip resurfacing is a relatively new arthroplasty technique. In a recent review of the literature on resurfacing arthroplasty it was concluded that the short-term functional results appear promising but some potential early disadvantages were identified, including the risk of femoral neck fracture and collapse of the head of the femur. The aim of the current study is to assess whether there is a difference in functional hip scores at one year post-operation between Total Hip Arthroplasty and Resurfacing Arthroplasty. Secondary aims include assessment of complication rates for both procedures as well cost effectiveness.


METHODS/DESIGN
All patients medically fit for surgery and deemed suitable for a resurfacing arthroplasty are eligible to take part in this study. A randomisation sequence will be produced and administered independently. After consenting, all patients will be clinically reviewed and hip function, quality of life and physical activity level will be assessed through questionnaires. The allocated surgery will then be performed with the preferred technique of the surgeon. Six weeks post-operation hip function will be assessed and complications recorded. Three, six and 12 months post-operation hip function, quality of life and physical activity level will be assessed. Additional information about patients' out-of-pocket expenses will also be collected.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN33354155. UKCLRN portfolio ID 4093.
Efficacy of therapeutic fluoroscopy-guided lumbar spine interventional procedures.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the benefit of fluoroscopy-guided lumbar spine interventional procedures in treatment of low back pain.


METHODS
This prospective descriptive study was performed on 60 patients with back/radicular pain after showing no improvement with conservative treatment.


RESULTS
One hundred and two injection sessions were done (average 1.7 injection per patient). Caudal and lumbar transforaminal injections were effective in 55.9% and 78.5%, respectively. Facet and sacroiliac interventions were effective in 28.3% and 10%, respectively. Complications occurred in 20% of the procedures.


CONCLUSION
Lumbar injections improved pain/disability related to discogenic lumbar spinal diseases. Efficacy of facet and sacroiliac injections is limited.
Adding tocilizumab or switching to tocilizumab monotherapy in methotrexate inadequate responders: 24-week symptomatic and structural results of a 2-year randomised controlled strategy trial in rheumatoid arthritis (ACT-RAY)

OBJECTIVE
In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate, to compare the efficacy of adding tocilizumab to that of switching to tocilizumab monotherapy.


METHODS
Double-blind, 2-year study in which adults with active RA (DAS28 >4.4) despite methotrexate were randomly assigned either to continue methotrexate with the addition of tocilizumab (MTX+TCZ) 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks or switch to tocilizumab and placebo (TCZ+PBO). The primary endpoint was the DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) remission rate at week 24. Secondary objectives included other symptomatic outcomes, quality of life and progression of structural damage.


RESULTS
Of 556 randomly assigned patients, 512 (92%) completed 24 weeks. DAS28-ESR remission rates were 40.4% for TCZ+MTX and 34.8% for TCZ+PBO (p=0.19); American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70/90 rates were 71.5%/45.5%/24.5%/5.8% (TCZ+MTX) and 70.3%/40.2%/25.4%/5.1% (TCZ+PBO; differences not significant). A significant difference between groups was seen for low DAS28 (61.7% vs 51.4%). Radiographic progression was small and not different between groups (Genant-Sharp score progression ≤ smallest detectable change in 91% (TCZ+MTX) and 87% (TCZ+PBO)). Rates per 100 patient-years of serious adverse events and serious infections were 21 and six, respectively, for TCZ+MTX and 18 and six, respectively, for TCZ+PBO. Alanine aminotransferase elevations greater than threefold the upper limit of normal occurred in 7.8% and 1.2% of TCZ+MTX and TCZ+PBO patients, respectively.


CONCLUSION
No clinically relevant superiority of the TCZ+MTX add-on strategy over the switch to tocilizumab monotherapy strategy was observed. The combination was more commonly associated with transaminase increases. Meaningful clinical and radiographic responses were achieved with both strategies, suggesting that tocilizumab monotherapy might be a valuable treatment strategy in suitable RA patients.
Parent experience in the resuscitation room: how do they feel?

The aim of this study is to describe the experience of parents present in the resuscitation room during the attention given to their children in the pediatric emergency department, and to identify areas for improvement in this regard. This was a prospective study carried out in a third-level pediatric hospital. Children with life-threatening pathologies are treated in the resuscitation room of the pediatric emergency department. A survey was carried out among parents present in the resuscitation room during the period September 2016–August 2017. Excluded were the parents of children that died and those with a language barrier. The parents were interviewed in person or over the phone within 72 h of the care provided in the resuscitation room. Fifty surveys were completed (15 in person and 35 by phone). Forty mothers and 10 fathers responded, with an average age of 41. In the resuscitation room, 39 parents were accompanied by a health professional and 22 were given information about how the resuscitation room operated. The feelings most frequently reported by the parents were nervousness (39) and trust in the healthcare provided (20). All of the parents wished to be present. They felt that their presence was beneficial for the child (46), for themselves (50), and for the healthcare personnel (28). Conclusion: The experience of the parents in our resuscitation room is a positive one. Nevertheless, some aspects need to be improved, such as accompaniment of the parents and the information that they are provided. What is Known: • There is an international recommendation for parental presence during invasive procedures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. • Few studies have been carried out on how parents in the resuscitation room feel and how they encounter the experience. What is New: • Even though most of the parents feel nervous in the resuscitation room, they expressed confidence in the medical team and they would wish to be present under similar circumstances.
Effect of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
Weight loss through lifestyle changes is recommended for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes is unproven.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) is a 16-center clinical trial with 5,145 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to induce a minimum weight loss of 7% or a control group who received diabetes support and education (DSE). In the Fatty Liver Ancillary Study, 96 participants completed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify hepatic steatosis and tests to exclude other causes of liver disease at baseline and 12 months. We defined steatosis >5.5% as NAFLD.


RESULTS
Participants were 49% women and 68% white. The mean age was 61 years, mean BMI was 35 kg/m(2), mean steatosis was 8.0%, and mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were 20.5 and 24.2 units/l, respectively. After 12 months, participants assigned to ILI (n = 46) lost more weight (-8.5 vs. -0.05%; P < 0.01) than those assigned to DSE and had a greater decline in steatosis (-50.8 vs. -22.8%; P = 0.04) and in A1C (-0.7 vs. -0.2%; P = 0.04). There were no significant 12-month changes in AST or ALT levels. At 12 months, 26% of DSE participants and 3% (1 of 31) of ILI participants without NAFLD at baseline developed NAFLD (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
A 12-month intensive lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces steatosis and incident NAFLD.
On top of tabletop: A virtual touch panel display

In the real world, a physical tabletop provides public and private needs for people around the table. For competing scenarios such as playing a poker game or running a price negotiation around a tabletop system, privacy protection is obviously an indispensable requirement. In this work we developed a privacy-enhanced tabletop system composed of two kinds of displays, the tabletop surface and the virtual panel. All users share the large tabletop surface as a public display while every user is provided with a virtual panel emerging above the tabletop as a personal display for viewing private information. The virtual panel is an intangible, privacy-protected virtual screen created by a special optical mechanism which offers several promising characteristics, making it perfect to be integrated into a tabletop system. The contributions of the paper include: Firstly, we introduce a novel display technique, the virtual panel, into a tabletop system to build a privacy-enhanced tabletop system. Secondly, an analysis on display optics of the virtual panel is presented to explore other potentials of the display and to claim the feasibility of the proposed combination. Thirdly a computer vision-based interaction technique is proposed to provide direct-touch interaction for the virtual panel. Finally, we discuss a wide range of considerations on designing the user interface and interaction for the virtual panel.
Geographic Routing Using Hyperbolic Space

We propose a scalable and reliable point-to-point routing algorithm for ad hoc wireless networks and sensor-nets. Our algorithm assigns to each node of the network a virtual coordinate in the hyperbolic plane, and performs greedy geographic routing with respect to these virtual coordinates. Unlike other proposed greedy routing algorithms based on virtual coordinates, our embedding guarantees that the greedy algorithm is always successful in finding a route to the destination, if such a route exists. We describe a distributed algorithm for computing each node's virtual coordinates in the hyperbolic plane, and for greedily routing packets to a destination point in the hyperbolic plane. (This destination may be the address of another node of the network, or it may be an address associated to a piece of content in a Distributed Hash Table. In the latter case we prove that the greedy routing strategy makes a consistent choice of the node responsible for the address, irrespective of the source address of the request.) We evaluate the resulting algorithm in terms of both path stretch and node congestion.
Associations of aortic distensibility and arterial elasticity with long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

BACKGROUND
Although higher visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, the physiological basis for VVV of BP is incompletely understood.


METHODS
We examined the associations of aortic distensibility (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging) and artery elasticity indices (determined by radial artery pulse contour analysis) with VVV of BP in 2,640 and 4,560 participants, respectively, from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterial measures were obtained at exam 1. BP readings were taken at exam 1 and at 3 follow-up visits at 18-month intervals (exams 2, 3, and 4). VVV was defined as the SD about each participant's mean systolic BP (SBP) across visits.


RESULTS
The mean SDs of SBP were inversely associated with aortic distensibility: 7.7, 9.9, 10.9, and 13.2mm Hg for quartiles 4, 3, 2, and 1 of aortic distensibility, respectively (P trend < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, mean SBP, and antihypertensive medication use (P trend < 0.01). In a fully adjusted model, lower quartiles of large artery and small artery elasticity (LAE and SAE) indices were also associated with higher mean SD of SBP (P trend = 0.02 for LAE; P trend < 0.001 for SAE).


CONCLUSIONS
In this multiethnic cohort, functional alterations of central and peripheral arteries were associated with greater long-term VVV of SBP.
Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

It is known the performance of a gas turbine (GT) has strong dependence of climate conditions. A suitable solution to minimize this negative effect is to raise inlet turbine temperature and reduce temperature of inlet air to GT compressor. Combined cycles gas turbines (CCGT) are a lot used to acquire a high-efficiency power plant. Increases the peak compression ratio has been proposed to improve the combined-cycle gas-turbine performance. The code of the performance model for CCGT power plant was developed utilizing the MATLAB software. The simulating results show that the overall efficiency increases with the increase of the peak compression ratio. The total power output increases with the increase of the peak compression ratio. The peak overall efficiency occurs at the higher compression ratio with low ambient temperature and higher turbine inlet temperature. The overall thermal efficiencies for CCGT are higher compared to gas-turbine plants.
Periodontal Healing and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal

This article reviews how menopause and age related hormonal bone changes effect periodontal healing. After menopause, with the cessation of ovarian estrogen production and its bone protecting effects, women become more susceptible to periodontal disease and tooth loss. The inflammatory processes involved in osteoporosis and periodontal disease will be reviewed. Estrogen deficiency results in up regulation of the inflammatory mediators which are common to skeletal bone loss and periodontitis. Periodontitis is one of the two basic oral health problems; destruction to the structures which support teeth, alveolar bone, ligament, and gingiva, is cumulative over time. Progression of the condition rests on peaks and valleys in inflammatory immune response to pathogens contained in plaque biofilm. Chronic inflammation is common to many age-related conditions. Additionally, the article reviews how medications interfere with the inflammatory response. Treatment considerations, objectives and limitations for women living dynamic lives well into menopause will be discussed. Vigilant identification and referral for specialized care are needed to restore comfort, function and esthetics. As women are living longer and more vibrant lives than ever, the needs of this cohort require special attention. The balance between oral-health related quality of life and bioethics of minimalist management versus sometimes costly and time consuming options must be weighed. The clinicians caring for geriatric populations ought to keep in mind the intersections of periodontitis and aging such that each patient can be given appropriate referral and treatment.
The Relationships between Online Game Player Biogenetic Traits, Playing Time, and the Genre of the Game Being Played

OBJECTIVE
Psychobiological traits may be associated with excessive Internet use. This study assessed the relationships between biogenetic traits, the amount of time spent in online game playing, and the genre of the online game being played.


METHODS
Five hundred sixty five students who enjoyed one of the four types of games included in this study were recruited. The types of games examined included role playing games (RPG), real-time strategy games (RTS), first person shooting games (FPS), and sports games. Behavioral patterns of game play, academic performance, and player biogenetic characteristics were assessed.


RESULTS
The amount of time that the participants spent playing online games was significantly greater on weekends than on weekdays. On weekends, the types of games with the largest numbers of participants who played games for more than three hours were ranked as follows: RPG and FPS, RTS, and sports games. The Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS)score for the RPG group was the highest among the groups of the four types of game players. The time that participants spent playing games on weekdays was negatively associated with academic performance, especially for the RPG and FPS groups. Compared with the other groups, the RPG and RTS groups had higher novelty seeking (NS) scores and self-directedness (SD) scores, respectively. Additionally, the sports game group had higher reward dependency scores than the other groups.


CONCLUSION
These results suggest that RPGs may have specific factors that are attractive to latent game addicts with higher NS scores. Additionally, excessive playing of online games is related to impaired academic performance.
Research evaluation and prospective diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relative merits of recently developed criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) in a longitudinal study of dementia.


DESIGN
The diagnosis of DLBs was used in combination with other clinical diagnosis. Patients were classified primarily based on the NINCDS-ADRDA (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) clinical criteria for probable or possible Alzheimer disease, or with other disease process that can cause dementia (eg, Parkinson disease), and secondarily according to the consensus guidelines for DLBs. This "double" clinical diagnosis was implemented to capture different pathological entities. The neuropathological diagnosis of Lewy bodies was made with monoclonal antibodies against alpha-synuclein.


SETTING
Multidisciplinary research clinic.


RESULTS
Prospective application of the consensus guidelines for DLBs from January 1, 1997, to September 29, 2000, identified 11 patients having the diagnosis of probable DLBs and 35 having possible DLBs. The diagnosis of probable or possible DLBs was associated with probable Alzheimer disease in 34 patients, with possible Alzheimer disease in 5 patients, with Parkinson disease in 2 patients, and with other disease processes in 2 patients. Three patients were diagnosed as having probable DLBs alone. An autopsy was performed in 26 of the cases who were clinically examined during the study period. Cortical Lewy bodies were identified in 13 cases; 4 had had premortem diagnosis of DLBs (sensitivity, 30.7%; specificity, 100%).


CONCLUSIONS
The prospective validation of the clinical criteria for DLBs showed poor accuracy in this series. We believe that current criteria for DLBs are useful when DLBs occur in isolation, but have low sensitivity when Lewy bodies coexist with the pathological abnormalities of Alzheimer disease.
Restoration of the edentulous maxilla: the case for the zygomatic implants.

9 T estoration of the atrophied edentulous maxilla poses great dilemma to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon nd restorative dentist. Conventional removable denure prostheses are adequate for some individuals; but mproved technology in dental implantology has led any to request alternative approaches with imlants. Patients with adequate maxillary bone are deal candidates for implants, but are the exception. atients with moderate to severe atrophy challenge he surgeon to discover alternative ways to use existng bone or resort to augmenting the patient with utogenous or alloplastic bone materials. Many proedures have been suggested for these atrophied axillae before implant placement, which include Le ort I maxillary downfracture, onlay bone grafts, nd maxillary sinus graft procedures, including loal and distal harvesting. Some of these treatment ptions entail multiple surgical interventions, varying uccess rates, restriction of denture wear throughout long transitional period, increased surgical fees, and erhaps costly hospitalization. Brånemark first used the zygoma implant as a major reakthrough in the treatment of maxillary atrohy. The implant, a titanium endosseal threaded mplant ranging in length from 30 to 52.5 mm, is laced in stable cortical maxillary buttress bone. The mplant has a built-in 45° angled platform lending to deal ridge positioning. The placement of 2 zygoma mplants and 4 anterior maxillary implants provides