LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Canadian paediatric brain tumour consortium (CPBTC) phase II molecularly targeted study of imatinib in recurrent and refractory paediatric central nervous system tumours.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of imatinib in children with recurrent or refractory central nervous system (CNS) tumours expressing KIT and/or PDGFRA.


METHODS
Nineteen patients aged 2-18 years, with recurrent or refractory CNS tumours expressing either of the target receptors KIT and/or PDGFRA (by immunohistochemistry) were eligible. Participants received imatinib orally at a dose of 440 mg/m(2)/day and toxicities and tumour responses were monitored. Serial blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples for pharmacokinetics were obtained in a subset of consenting patients. Frozen tumour samples were analysed retrospectively for KIT and PDGFRA gene amplification in a subset of patients for whom samples were available.


RESULTS
Common toxicities were lymphopaenia, neutropaenia, leucopaenia, elevated serum transaminases and vomiting. No intratumoural haemorrhages were observed. Although there were no objective responses to imatinib, four patients had long-term stable disease (SD) (38-104 weeks). Our results suggest a possible relationship between KIT expression and maintenance of SD with imatinib treatment; KIT immunopositivity was seen in only 58% (11/19) of study participants overall, but in 100% of patients with SD at 38 weeks. All patient tumours showed PDGFRA expression. Pharmacokinetic data showed a high interpatient variability, but corresponded with previously reported values.


CONCLUSIONS
Imatinib at 440 mg/m(2)/day is relatively safe in children with recurrent CNS tumours, but induced no objective responses. Demonstration of SD in previously progressing patients (KIT-expressing) suggests cytostatic activity of imatinib.
Design of Remote Monitoring and Control System with Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth

In past few years, automatic irrigation system has seen a rapid growth in terms of technology. At present cost-saving technology, labor-saving are the addressing key issues in irrigation. This paper gives a review of these systems based on existing technologies and also proposes an economical and generic automatic irrigation system based on wireless sensors with GSM-Bluetooth for irrigation system controller and remote monitoring system. This system has simpler features designed with the objective of low cost and effective with less power consumption using sensors for remote monitoring and controlling devices which are controlled via SMS using a GSM module. A Bluetooth module is also interfaced with the main microcontroller chip. This Bluetooth module eliminates the usage charges by communicating with the appliances via Bluetooth when the application is in a limited range of few meters. The system informs user about any abnormal conditions like less moisture content and temperature rise, even concentration of CO2 via SMS from the GSM module or by Bluetooth module to the farmer&apos;s mobile and actions are taken accordingly by the farmer. In future, the farmer will be able to monitor and control the parameter by GSM and Bluetooth technologies.
Ranking of fuzzy numbers based on centroid point and spread

Centroid and spread are commonly used approaches in ranking fuzzy numbers. Some experts rank fuzzy numbers using centroid or spread alone while others tend to integrate them together. Although a lot of methods for ranking fuzzy numbers that are related to both approaches have been presented, there are still limitations whereby the ranking obtained is inconsistent with human intuition. This paper proposes a novel method for ranking fuzzy numbers that integrates the centroid point and the spread approaches and overcomes the limitations and weaknesses of most existing methods. Proves and justifications with regard to the proposed ranking method are also presented. 5
Determinants of Stock Market Volatil-ity and Risk Premia

This paper shows the dynamics of diverse beliefs is the primary propagation mechanism of volatility in asset markets. In a model with a stock and bond market in which agents hold diverse Rational Belief (see Kurz (1994)) our economy replicates well the empirical record of (i) the first two moments of the price/dividend ratio, the risky return on stocks, the riskless interest rate and the equity premium; (ii) the Sharp ratio and the correlation between risky returns and the aggregate consumption growth rate; (iii) the predictability of stock returns and the price/dividend ratio, as reported in the literature, expressed by: (a) Variance Ratio statistic for long lags, (b) autocorrelation of these two variables, (c) mean reversion of the risky returns and the power of the price/dividend ratio to predict the risky return at different horizons. Also, our model predicts and explains the presence of stochastic volatility in equilibrium asset prices and asset returns. The tool used to model diverse rationalizable beliefs is the market state of belief. This index identifies the distribution of conditional probability functions of agents. We show there are two simple properties of the diversity of beliefs which drive market volatility: (i) rationalizable over confidence, described by amplification of an agent’s probability belief, which generates densities with fat tails, and (ii) rationalizable asymmetry in frequencies of bull or bear states. Diverse price forecasts is essential to our theory. Since at each date agents forecast the market states of belief, in our general equilibrium context this tool is simply a formal method to allow agents to use the equilibrium map but make heterogenous but rationalizable price forecasts. JEL classification: G1; G12; E43; E44; D58; D84.
Web Server Performance Modeling

The advent of Web technology has made Web servers core elements of future communication networks. Although the amount of traffic that Web servers must handle has grown explosively during the last decade, the performance limitations and the proper tuning of Web servers are still not well understood. In this paper we present an end-to-end queueing model for the performance of Web servers, encompassing the impacts of client workload characteristics, server harware/software configuration, communication protocols, and interconnect topologies. The model has been implemented in a simulation tool, and performance predictions based on the model are shown to match very well with the performance of a Web server in a test lab environment. The simulation tool forms an excellent basis for development of a Decision Support System for the configuration tuning and sizing of Web servers.
A phase II study of combination therapy with irinotecan and S-1 (IRIS) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer

A combination of irinotecan with continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of combining irinotecan and S-1 (IRIS) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Irinotecan was administered as an intravenous infusion at a dose of 120 mg/m2 on day 1 and 15. And S-1 was administered orally on days 1–14 of a 28-day cycle. S-1 was given orally at a dose that did not exceed 40 mg/m2 based BSA: BSA < 1.25 m2, 40 mg twice daily; 1.25–1.5 m2, 50 mg twice daily, and BSA > 1.5 m2, 60 mg twice daily, for 14 consecutive days. A total of 38 patients were enrolled. An intent-to-treat analysis showed a complete response and partial response to occur in 13.2% and 50.0%, respectively. The disease control rate was 84.2%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 10.0 months and 29.1 months, respectively. The rates of grade 3/4 toxicity over 4 cycles were the following: neutropenia, 15.8%; leucopenia, 7.9%; anorexia, 15.8%; diarrhea, 10.5%. Conclusion: IRIS is an effective, well tolerated and convenient treatment regimen for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Efficacy of an alcohol-focused intervention for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV treatment outcomes – a randomised controlled trial protocol

BACKGROUND
Little research has examined whether alcohol reduction interventions improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV treatment outcomes. This study assesses the efficacy of an intervention for reducing alcohol use among HIV patients on ART who are hazardous/harmful drinkers. Specific aims include adapting a blended Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Problem Solving Therapy (PST) intervention for use with HIV patients; evaluating the efficacy of the intervention for reducing alcohol consumption; and assessing counsellors' and participants' perceptions of the intervention.


METHODS/DESIGN
A randomised controlled trial will evaluate the intervention among ART patients in public hospital-based HIV clinics in Tshwane, South Africa. We will recruit patients who are HIV-positive, on ART for at least 3 months, and classified as harmful/hazardous drinkers using the AUDIT-3. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Patients in the experimental group will receive the MI-PST intervention to reduce harmful/hazardous alcohol use. Patients in the equal-attention wellness intervention group will receive an intervention focused on addressing health risk behaviours. Patients in the control condition will receive treatment as usual. Participants will complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months post-randomisation to assess alcohol consumption, ART adherence, physical and mental health. We will also collect biological specimens to test for recent alcohol consumption, CD4 counts and HIV RNA viral loads. The primary outcome will be reduction in the volume of alcohol consumed. Secondary outcomes include reduction in harmful/hazardous use of alcohol, reduction in biological markers of drinking, increase in adherence rates, reductions in viral loads, and increases in CD4 T-cell counts. A process evaluation will ascertain counsellors' and participants' perceptions of the acceptability and effectiveness of the interventions.


DISCUSSION
We have obtained ethical approval and approval from the study sites and regional and provincial health departments. The study has implications for clinicians, researchers and policy makers as it will provide efficacy data on how to reduce harmful/hazardous alcohol consumption among HIV patients and will shed light on whether reducing alcohol consumption impacts on HIV treatment adherence and other outcomes.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Pan African Clinical Trials Register Number: PACTR201405000815100.
Cell Evolution and Organelle Origins: Metascience to Science

Summary Numerous concepts and competing interests have always confronted and pushed studies of symbiosis and cell evolution to the margins of science.They include emphasis on the disease-causing nature of microbes, and on conflict and competition between species; nucleocentric views of heredity, and gene-centred views of evolution.The synthetic and interdisciplinary nature of studies of symbiosis and cell evolution defied ever-increasing specialization in the life sciences such that biologists were often unwilling to assess them.The study of organelle origins also struggled under the weight of its speculative nature.Only in recent years have some of these difficulties been over-come.
Inpatient dermatology consultation aids diagnosis of cellulitis among hospitalized patients: A multi-institutional analysis.

BACKGROUND
Given its nonspecific physical examination findings, accurately distinguishing cellulitis from a cellulitis mimicker (pseudocellulitis) is challenging.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to investigate the national incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis among inpatients.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of inpatient dermatology consultations at Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, and University of California San Francisco Medical Center in 2008. All consults requested for the evaluation of cellulitis were included. The primary outcomes were determining the incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis, evaluating the prevalence of associated risk factors, and identifying common pseudocellulitides.


RESULTS
Of the 1430 inpatient dermatology consultations conducted in 2008, 74 (5.17%) were requested for the evaluation of cellulitis. In all, 55 (74.32%) patients evaluated for cellulitis were given a diagnosis of pseudocellulitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of misdiagnosis across institutions (P = .12). Patient demographics and associated risk factor prevalence did not statistically vary in patients given a diagnosis of cellulitis versus those with pseudocellulitis (P > .05).


LIMITATIONS
This study was unable to evaluate all patients admitted with cellulitis and was conducted at tertiary care centers, which may affect the generalizability of the results.


CONCLUSIONS
Cellulitis is commonly misdiagnosed in the inpatient setting. Involving dermatologists may improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.
Measurement of Multi-Port S-Parameters using Four-Port Network Analyzer

An efficient measurement methodology is proposed to construct the scattering parameters of a multi-port device using a four-port vector network analyzer (VNA) without the external un-terminated ports. By using the four-port VNA, the reflected waves from the un-terminated ports could be minimized. The proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of the S-parameters with less number of measurements compared to the results of classical renormalization technique which uses twoport VNA. The proposed method is validated from the measured data with the coupled 8-port micro-strip
A combination of hot air and methyl jasmonate vapor treatment alleviates chilling injury of peach fruit.

Peaches (Prunus persica Batsch cv Baifeng) were harvested at the firm-mature stage and treated with various combinations of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and hot air (HA). Severity of internal browning and flesh mealiness, firmness, extractable juice, total soluble solids (TSS), total acid, vitamin C and total phenolic contents were measured after 3 and 5 weeks of storage at 0 ◦C plus 3 d at 20 ◦C for shelf-life. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), pectin-methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) and polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) were analyzed during the cold storage period. The results showed that fruit treated with 1 mol L−1 MJ vapor at 38 ◦C for 12 h (HMJ), and heat treatment at 38 ◦C for 12 h and then treated with 1 mol L−1 MJ vapor at 20 ◦C for 24 h (HA + MJ) had the highest quality and lowest percent of chilling injury symptoms. HA treatment alone significantly inhibited internal browning, but caused more severe flesh mealiness than other treatments. This side effect was counteracted by MJ. The percent of extractable juice in combined treatments was higher than that in the control, however, no significant effect was found on firmness. TSS was 23% and 25.3% higher and total acid was 59.4% and 62.5% higher in treatments of HMJ and HA + MJ, respectively, than those in control fruit after storage for 5 weeks. Vitamin C and total phenolic contents were also maintained at higher levels in combined treatments. In addition, the combined treatments resulted in higher activities of PAL, SOD and PG, and lower activities of PPO, and POD than the control. The combination of HA and MJ vapor treatment might be a useful technique to alleviate chilling injury and maintain peach fruit quality during cold
New applications of the chiral anomaly 1

We describe consequences of the chiral anomaly in the theory of quantum wires, the (quantum) Hall effect, and of a four-dimensional cousin of the Hall effect. We explain which aspects of conductance quantization are related to the chiral anomaly. The fourdimensional analogue of the Hall effect involves the axion field, whose time derivative can be interpreted as a (space-time dependent) difference of chemical potentials of lefthanded and right-handed charged fermions. Our four-dimensional analogue of the Hall effect may play a significant rôle in explaining the origin of large magnetic fields in the (early) universe. 1 What is the chiral anomaly? The chiral abelian anomaly has been discovered, in the past century, by Adler, Bardeen and Jackiw, after earlier work on π-decay starting with Steinberger; see e.g. [1] and references given there. It has been rederived in many different ways of varying degree of mathematical rigor by This review is dedicated to the memory of Louis Michel, the theoretician and the friend.
Electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation: acute and long-term results stratified according to arrhythmia duration.

BACKGROUND
Current definition of persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF) enrolls a heterogeneous population with different atrial fibrillation (AF) exposure and degree of atrial substrate. Study aims were to evaluate acute and long-term results of electrical cardioversion (ECV) and to identify temporal cutoff of previous AF exposure to reclassify PAF in subgroups with different chance of sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance.


METHODS
Five hundred twenty-one patients (66% men; age 69 ± 10 years) with PAF undergoing ECV, were divided in four groups according to AF duration at the time of ECV: group A with AF ≤2 months (141 patients); group B with AF >2 and ≤4 months (176 patients); group C with AF >4 and ≤6 months (89 patients); and group D with AF >6 months and <1 year (115 patients).


RESULTS
There was no difference in term of acute success among groups (98.5% vs 97.1% vs 98.9% vs 96.5%, respectively, P = 0.95). At 5-year follow-up, 198 (41%) patients were in SR: 50% in group A, 44% in group B, 42% in group C, and 25% in group D (P < 0.001). At the multivariate analysis, previous ECV (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, P < 0.001), left atrium enlargement (HR 1.39, P = 0.013), and AF duration >6 months at time of procedure (HR 1.59, P = 0.001) independently predict ECV failure.


CONCLUSION
ECV is associated with high acute success rate and low complications rate. Long-term results are strongly related with AF duration at time of ECV: a cutoff of >6 months helps in selecting patients that can take greater advantage of the procedure.
Behavioral correlates of moral judgment

Abstract Previous research on moral development has been compartmentalized into two realms of enquiry: the study of moral judgment as a correlate of conceptual-cognitive development and the behavioral study of moral action based on social-environmental hypotheses. The present investigation addresses the relationship between cognitively based levels of moral development and overt moral behavior. Studying 72 children of approximately 7 and 11 years of age and of varying levels of moral development, I found that the manifestation of moral behavior under varying game conditions bore a direct but complex relationship to moral judgment. The study also revealed consistent differences in the influence of sex on moral judgment and behavior.
Imaging for large-vessel vasculitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Ultrasonography, MRI, and PET are increasingly studied in large-vessel vasculitis. They have broadened our knowledge on these disorders and have a place in the diagnostic approach of these patients.


RECENT FINDINGS
Temporal artery ultrasonography can be used to guide the surgeon to that artery segment with the clearest 'halo' sign to perform a biopsy, or in experienced hands can even replace biopsy. The distal subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries can also be examined. High-resolution MRI depicts superficial cranial and extracranial involvement patterns in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Contrast enhancement is prominent in active inflammation and decreases under successful steroid therapy. Presence of aortic complications such as aneurysm or dissection can be ruled out within the same investigation. Large thoracic vessel FDG-uptake is seen in the majority of patients with GCA, especially at the subclavian arteries and the aorta. FDG-PET cannot predict which patients are bound to relapse, and once steroids are started, interpretation is hazardous, which makes its role in follow-up uncertain. Increased thoracic aortic FDG-uptake at diagnosis of GCA may be a bad prognostic factor for later aortic dilatation. In patients with isolated polymyalgia rheumatica - who have less intense vascular FDG uptake - symptoms are caused by inflammation around the shoulders, hips, and spine.


SUMMARY
Ultrasonography, MRI, and PET remain promising techniques in the scientific and clinical approach of large-vessel vasculitis.
Coupled Dielectric Nanoparticles Manipulating Metamaterials Optical Characteristics

In this paper, we investigate the concept and theory of all-dielectric metapatterned structures that manipulate electric and magnetic optical characteristics. A 3-D array of dielectric particles is designed, where the spheres operate in their magnetic modes and their couplings offer electric modes. An analytical solution for the problem of plane wave scattering by 3-D array of dielectric nanospheres is presented. FW multipole expansion method is applied to express the optical fields in terms of the electric and magnetic dipole modes and the higher order moments. By enforcing the boundary conditions at the surface of each sphere, with the use of the translational addition theorem for vector spherical wave functions, required equations to determine the scattering coefficients are obtained. Novel materials features in optics are demonstrated. Electric and magnetic scattering coefficient resonances around the same frequency band are obtained. It is highlighted how a metapatterned structure constructed from dielectric nanosphere unit cells can provide electric and magnetic modes resulting in backward wave phenomenon. A comprehensive circuit model based on the RLC (resistor, inductor, and capacitor) realization is presented to successfully analyze the scattering performance of a dielectric nanosphere. To better understand the physics of an array of spheres, circuit models for the interactions, and couplings between spheres are also accomplished. The engineered dispersion diagram for a 3-D array of identical highly coupled nanospheres is scrutinized, verifying that the high couplings between spheres can offer the backward wave characteristics.
Recurrent neural networks with trainable amplitude of activation functions

An adaptive amplitude real time recurrent learning (AARTRL) algorithm for fully connected recurrent neural networks (RNNs) employed as nonlinear adaptive filters is proposed. Such an algorithm is beneficial when dealing with signals that have rich and unknown dynamical characteristics. Following the approach from, three different cases for the algorithm are considered; a common adaptive amplitude shared among all the neurons; each layer has its own adaptive amplitude; different adaptive amplitude for each neuron. Experimental results show the AARTRL outperforms the standard RTRL algorithm.