LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Organic agriculture and ecological justice : ethics and practice

Introduction.........................................................................................................76 Scope and purpose of the chapter....................................................................79 Sustainability, globalization and organic agriculture ..........................................79 Dimensions of sustainability ...........................................................................80 Different meanings of globalization and sustainability...................................82 Sustainability and organic agriculture.............................................................83 The ethics and justice of ecological justice .........................................................84 Ecological justice as an ethical concept ..........................................................85 The justice of ecological justice ......................................................................87 Summing up ....................................................................................................89 Challenges for organic agriculture ......................................................................90 Commodification of commons........................................................................91 How to address externalities ...........................................................................92 Growing distances...........................................................................................94 Putting ecological justice into organic practice...................................................97 The way of certified organic agriculture .........................................................98 The way of non-certified organic agriculture................................................102 Organic agriculture as an alternative example ..............................................106 Conclusions.......................................................................................................108
Data Mining With Computational Intelligence

In recent years, data mining has been one of the hotter topics in computing due to the accumulation of large volumes of data carrying valuable but nonetheless hidden information. Short of being a new discipline equipped with a new core of knowledge, data mining often builds on an interdisciplinary bundle of specialized techniques from fields such as statistics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data bases, pattern recognition, computer-based visualization, and, more recently, also from the computational intelligence (CI) field that encompasses neural, fuzzy, and genetic approaches to data analysis. Data Mining with Computational Intelligence by L. Wang and X. Fu enables readers, including both intermediate and more experienced data analysts, to understand data mining processes and improve related practices at many steps of model design and its implementation using CI methods. As shown in this book, the aim of data mining techniques is to discover hidden information from data sets and to present it in an understandable way. This book reviews main data mining stages, such as data preprocessing, data dimensionality reduction, data modeling, classification, elements of knowledge discovery, and linguistic rule extraction. Data Mining with Computational Intelligence features ten chapters and systematically presents how to utilize fuzzy neural networks, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, wavelet transformation, genetic algorithms, and support vector machines (SVMs) in data mining tasks. In the introductory chapter, data mining tasks including data dimensionality reduction, classification and clustering, and rule extraction are
The role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in restaging men with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in men on active surveillance.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 101 men on active surveillance for prostate cancer underwent restaging transperineal template prostate biopsies at a single centre. Criteria for active surveillance were ≤75 years, Gleason ≤3+3, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤15 ng/mL, clinical stage T1-2a and ≤50% ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy cores positive for cancer with ≤10 mm of disease in a single core. The number of men with an increase in disease volume or Gleason grade on transperineal template biopsy and the number of men who later underwent radical treatment were assessed. The role of PSA and PSA kinetics were studied.


RESULTS
In all, 34% of men had more significant prostate cancer on restaging transperineal template biopsies compared with their transrectal biopsies. Of these men, 44% had disease predominantly in the anterior part of the gland, an area often under-sampled by transrectal biopsies. In the group of men who had their restaging transperineal template biopsies within 6 months of commencing active surveillance 38% had more significant disease. There was no correlation with PSA velocity or PSA doubling time. In total, 33% of men stopped active surveillance and had radical treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Around one-third of men had more significant prostate cancer on transperineal template biopsies. This probably reflects under-sampling by initial transrectal biopsies rather than disease progression.
A Survey of Clustering Ensemble Algorithms

Cluster ensemble has proved to be a good alternative when facing cluster analysis problems. It consists of generating a set of clusterings from the same dataset and combining them into a ̄nal clustering. The goal of this combination process is to improve the quality of individual data clusterings. Due to the increasing appearance of new methods, their promising results and the great number of applications, we consider that it is necessary to make a critical analysis of the existing techniques and future projections. This paper presents an overview of clustering ensemble methods that can be very useful for the community of clustering practitioners. The characteristics of several methods are discussed, which may help in the selection of the most appropriate one to solve a problem at hand. We also present a taxonomy of these techniques and illustrate some important applications.
Intelligent Processing of Ferroelectric Thin Films

Abstract : This report details work that was performed at Clemson University over the fourth year of a four-year program involving intelligent processing of ferroelectric thin films. Since ferroelectric and electrooptic materials are known to possess properties that can vary widely due to form factor and processing method, studies were carried out by producing electrooptic thin films and bulk ceramics from the same acetate precursors via a liquid chemical MOD (metal organic decomposition) process and then characterizing their chemical, electrical, physical and electrooptic properties. It was desirable that a processing method compatible with both spin and dip-coated thin films as well as bulk ceramics made from coprecipitated powders be used in order to quantitatively compare their respective properties. The dielectric properties of electrooptic thin films were varied by mechanically altering the stresses placed upon the films. Comparisons were made among thin films under applied bending stresses of different magnitude. Properties measured were dielectric constant, saturation polarization, remanent polarization, coercive field and unit cell d-spacing.
The Moldable Debugger: A Framework for Developing Domain-Specific Debuggers

Debuggers are crucial tools for developing object-oriented software systems as they give developers direct access to the running systems. Nevertheless, traditional debuggers rely on generic mechanisms to explore and exhibit the execution stack and system state, while developers reason about and formulate domain-specific questions using concepts and abstractions from their application domains. This creates an abstraction gap between the debugging needs and the debugging support leading to an inefficient and error-prone debugging effort. To reduce this gap, we propose a framework for developing domain-specific debuggers called the Moldable Debugger. The Moldable Debugger is adapted to a domain by creating and combining domain-specific debugging operations with domain-specific debugging views, and adapts itself to a domain by selecting, at run time, appropriate debugging operations and views. We motivate the need for domain-specific debugging, identify a set of key requirements and show how our approach improves debugging by adapting the debugger to several domains.
Analysis and Design of A Robust Class $E^2$ DC–DC Converter for Megahertz Wireless Power Transfer

Wireless power transfer (WPT) working at megahertz (MHz) is widely considered a promising technology for midrange and low-power applications. A Class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ E^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> dc–dc converter is composed of a Class <italic>E</italic> power amplifier (PA) and a Class <italic>E</italic> rectifier. It is attractive for applications in MHz WPT due to the soft-switching properties of both the PA and the rectifier. Using the existing design, the Class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E^2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> dc–dc converter can only achieve optimal performance such as a high efficiency under a fixed operating condition. Meanwhile, in real applications variations in the coil relative position and the final load are common. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and develop a general design methodology for a robust Class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> dc–dc converter in MHz WPT applications. Component and system efficiencies are analytically derived, which serve as the basis for the determination of the design parameters. The classical matching network of the Class <italic>E</italic> PA is also improved that provides the required impedance compression capability. Then, a robust parameter design procedure is developed. Both the experimental and calculated results show that proposed design approach can significantly improve the robustness of the efficiency of the Class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E^2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> dc–dc converter against variations in coil relative position and final load. Finally, the experiments show that the range of variation of the system efficiency is narrowed from 47.5%–85.0% to 73.3%–83.7% using the proposed robust design.
Can twitter really save your life? A case study of visual social media analytics for situation awareness

Social media monitoring for crisis intelligence is on the brink of commercialization and widespread adoption. To close the gap between research and application, this paper presents results of a broad-scale case study on visual analytics of social media for situation awareness. We asked twenty-nine domain experts from disaster response and critical infrastructure management to investigate various crisis intelligence tasks based on actual Twitter data, which was recorded during the 2013 German Flood. To this end, the ScatterBlogs visual analytics framework, a platform that provides reference implementations of tools and techniques from ongoing research, was given to them as an integrated toolbox. This paper presents and reviews the domain experts' individual performances with the system, their comments about the usefulness and applicability of its capabilities, and the results of a questionnaire each participant had to complete. Based on this evaluation, we will answer the question if and how visual analytics of social media can shape tomorrow's crisis intelligence.
NP-hardness of Euclidean sum-of-squares clustering

A recent proof of NP-hardness of Euclidean sum-of-squares clustering, due to Drineas et al. (Mach. Learn. 56:9–33, 2004), is not valid. An alternate short proof is provided.
International standards for building Electronic Health Record (EHR)

The recent progress of ICT (Information Communication Technology) applications in health of our citizens and healthcare make it possible to establish individual EHR within foreseeable time. The goal of EHR is enabling to connect person and health care organizations at point of care. The use of EHR coupled with clinical decision support system in healthcare practice will provide tools for healthcare organizations to achieve errorless, safe, cost effective and quality care. The consumer focused healthcare is increasingly emphasized and it requires an individual's integrated lifetime health and healthcare database (EHR) in real time from all sites. The integration of clinical data needs interoperable data with national infrastructure that allows the integration of data, access control with data privacy and system security. In order to build an interoperable EHR, it requires standardized regional collection of individuals' health and care data/information. This standardized approach requires data structure, message development, communication, architecture, clinical documents, semantic content, security and business requirements, etc. This paper will address relevant definitions of EHR and activities of International Standards Developing Organizations (SDO) with available standards.
Scalable Single Source Shortest Path Algorithms for Massively Parallel Systems

In the single-source shortest path (SSSP) problem, we have to find the shortest paths from a source vertex v to all other vertices in a graph. In this paper, we introduce a novel parallel algorithm, derived from the Bellman-Ford and Delta-stepping algorithms. We employ various pruning techniques, such as edge classification and direction-optimization, to dramatically reduce inter-node communication traffic, and we propose load balancing strategies to handle higher-degree vertices. The extensive performance analysis shows that our algorithms work well on scale-free and real-world graphs. In the largest tested configuration, an R-MAT graph with 238 vertices and 242 edges on 32,768 Blue Gene/Q nodes, we have achieved a processing rate of three Trillion Edges Per Second (TTEPS), a four orders of magnitude improvement over the best published results.
AM: A Case Study in AI Methodology

Much artificial intelligence research is based on the construction of large impressive-looking programs, the theoretical content of which may not always be clearly stated. This is unproductive from the point of view of building a stable base for further research. We illustrate this problem by referring to Lenat's AM program, in which the techniques employed are somewhat obscure in spite of the impressive performance.
Sexual victimization in women with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Exposure of populations with psychosis to traumatic events (among them sexual trauma) has seldom been studied. In addition, the clinical features developed by victims with psychosis after a traumatic event are rarely taken into account. Sixty-four women with schizophrenia and 26 women with bipolar disorder (DSM-III-R diagnosed, 18–45 years, inpatients and out-patients) were interviewed using a clinician-rated battery of instruments, including a semi-structured questionnaire concerning sexual victimization and its impact. In childhood or adolescence, 36% of women with schizophrenia (vs 28% of those with bipolar disorder) had been victims of sexual abuse involving body contact. In the women with schizophrenia, this sexual abuse was associated with addictions, suicide attempts and becoming psychiatric patients earlier. Over their lifetime, the prevalence of rape was 23% in the two clinical groups. In women with schizophrenia, rape was associated with a greater severity of their disorder and addictions. Moreover, a frequent repetition of sexual trauma was observed in women with schizophrenia, whereas such repeated traumas were less frequent in those with bipolar disorder. The results suggest that these two clinical groups are at risk of rape and the study highlight clinical features in victims with schizophrenia that have been described for other groups of victims of sexual abuse.
Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance

Organizational development is depends on analysis and identification of the factors that conclude the effectiveness of the organization. Organizations and managers are willing to get employees commitment, which leads to improve the productivity. Management would like to introduce employee with norm, values and objectives of the organization which is importance to understand the organizational culture. It is the responsibility of the management to introduce the organizational culture to its employees that will assist the employees to get familiar with the system of organization. Management must try to always keep learning environment in the organization. Proper understanding of organizational culture should leads towards improvement of employee’s performance. As per organizational development is concerned, employees performance consider as a back bone for the industry. So organization’s wants to get the loyalty of their employees towards organization. It is necessary for the management to identify the norms and values of the organization of the employees. It should be needed that culture of the organization should be developed in a way to improve the style of employee’s performance and continuous develop the quality awareness. Organizational development has certain factors that improve sustainability on basis of effectiveness. The improvement in productivity leads to employee commitment as norms, values and objectives helps in improving culture of an organization. The system of organization was based upon effective establishment of culture that keep learning environment strong. The performance of employees improves by establishment of strong culture of an organization. The employee performance would be considered as backbone organization as it leads to its development effectively. The loyalty of employee relies upon knowledge and awareness of culture that improves behavior of organization (Brooks, 2006) Organization culture have first time been identified by Administrative Science quarterly (Pettigrew, 1979). The value and norms of employee’s basis upon management identification that help in improving employee performance. The awareness of quality helps in improving organizational and employee development.
Tunable band stop filters based on Metal-Insulator Transition in vanadium dioxide thin films

We present the design, simulation and fabrication of innovative tunable band stop filters realized using switching devices based on the fast, reversible Metal-Insulator Transition of vanadium dioxide thin films. The filters are designed to operate in the 11–13 GHz frequency range and consists in a transmission line coupled with four U-shaped resonators. We developed two types of tunable filters based on VO2 switches integration namely a “switchable stop band filter” for which the rejection band can be switched on and off and a “discrete tunable stop-band filter” for which the width and position of the stopband can be discretely tuned.
Intimate partner abuse before and during pregnancy as risk factors for postpartum mental health problems

BACKGROUND
Although research has established the profound effects that intimate partner abuse can have on postpartum mental health, little is known regarding how this association may change as a function of the timing and type of abuse. This study examined associations of psychological, physical and sexual abuse experienced as adults before and during pregnancy with symptoms of postpartum mental health problems in a non-clinical sample of women.


METHODS
English-speaking mothers aged 18 years and older in the metropolitan area of a large, Western Canadian city were recruited to participate in a study of women's health after pregnancy. The study was advertised in hospitals, local newspapers, community venues, and relevant websites. One-hundred women completed standardized, self-report questionnaires during semi-structured interviews conducted by female research assistants at approximately 2 months postpartum. In addition to questions about their general health and well-being, participants answered questions about their experiences of intimate partner abuse and about their mental health during the postpartum period.


RESULTS
Almost two-thirds (61.0%) of women reported postpartum mental health symptoms above normal levels, with 47.0% reporting symptoms at moderate or higher levels. The majority reported some form of intimate partner abuse before pregnancy (84.0%) and more than two-thirds (70.0%), during pregnancy; however, the abuse was typically minor in nature. Multivariate models revealed that women who experienced intimate partner abuse-whether before or during pregnancy-reported higher levels of postpartum mental health problems; however, associations differed as a function of the timing and type of abuse, as well as specific mental health symptoms. Multivariate models also showed that as the number of types of intimate partner abuse experienced increased, so did the negative effects on postpartum mental health.


CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study provide further evidence that intimate partner abuse is a risk factor for postpartum mental health problems. They also underscore the complex risks and needs associated with intimate partner abuse among postpartum women and support the use of integrated approaches to treating postpartum mental health problems. Future efforts should focus on the extent to which strategies designed to reduce intimate partner abuse also improve postpartum mental health and vice versus.
Women's perspectives and experiences on screening for osteoporosis (Risk-stratified Osteoporosis Strategy Evaluation, ROSE).

UNLABELLED
This study aimed to investigate women's perspectives and experiences with screening for osteoporosis. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted. Three main themes emerged: knowledge about osteoporosis, psychological aspects of screening, and moral duty. Generally, screening was accepted due to life experiences, self-perceived risk, and the preventive nature of screening.


PURPOSE
The risk-stratified osteoporosis strategy evaluation (ROSE) study is a randomized prospective population-based trial investigating the efficacy of a screening program to prevent fractures in women aged 65-80 years. It is recommended by the World Health Organization that a set of criteria are met before a screening program is implemented. This sub-study aims to investigate women's perspectives and experiences with the ROSE screening program in relation to the patient-related criteria recommended by the World Health Organization.


METHODS
A qualitative study was carried out involving 31 women by way of 8 focus group interviews and 11 individual interviews. Principles from critical psychology guided the analysis.


RESULTS
Women's perspectives and experiences with the screening program were described by three main themes: knowledge about osteoporosis, psychological aspects of screening, and moral duty. The women viewed the program in the context of their everyday life and life trajectories. Age, lifestyle, and knowledge about osteoporosis were important to how women ascribed meaning to the program, how they viewed the possibilities and limitations, and how they rationalized their actions and choices. The women displayed limited knowledge about osteoporosis and its risk factors. However, acceptance was based on prior experience, perceived risk, and evaluation of preventive measures. To be reassured or concerned by screening was described as important issues, as well as the responsibility for health-seeking behaviour.


CONCLUSION
In general, the women accepted the screening program. No major ethical reservations or adverse psychological consequences were detected. Only a minority of women declined screening participation due to a low perceived risk of osteoporosis.