LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Low plasma citrulline levels are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe sepsis

INTRODUCTION
The role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not well understood. Inducible NOS is upregulated during physiologic stress; however, if NOS substrate is insufficient then NOS can uncouple and switch from NO generation to production of damaging peroxynitrites. We hypothesized that NOS substrate levels are low in patients with severe sepsis and that low levels of the NOS substrate citrulline would be associated with end organ damage including ARDS in severe sepsis.


METHODS
Plasma citrulline, arginine and ornithine levels and nitrate/nitrite were measured at baseline in 135 patients with severe sepsis. ARDS was diagnosed by consensus definitions.


RESULTS
Plasma citrulline levels were below normal in all patients (median 9.2 uM, IQR 5.2 - 14.4) and were significantly lower in ARDS compared to the no ARDS group (6.0 (3.3 - 10.4) vs. 10.1 (6.2 - 16.6), P = 0.002). The rate of ARDS was 50% in the lowest citrulline quartile compared to 15% in the highest citrulline quartile (P = 0.002). In multivariable analyses, citrulline levels were associated with ARDS even after adjustment for covariates including severity of illness.


CONCLUSIONS
In severe sepsis, levels of the NOS substrate citrulline are low and are associated with ARDS. Low NOS substrate levels have been shown in other disease states to lead to NOS uncoupling and oxidative injury suggesting a potential mechanism for the association between low citrulline and ARDS. Further studies are needed to determine whether citrulline supplementation could prevent the development of ARDS in patients with severe sepsis and to determine its role in NOS coupling and function.
In vivo noninvasive blood glucose detection using near-infrared spectrum based on the PSO-2ANN model

BACKGROUND
To improving the nursing level of diabetics, it is necessary to develop noninvasive blood glucose method.


OBJECTIVE
In order to reduce the number of the near-infrared signal, consider the nonlinear relationship between the blood glucose concentration and near-infrared signal, and correct the individual difference and physiological glucose dynamic, 2 artificial neural networks (2ANN) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO), named as PSO-2ANN, is proposed.


METHOD
Two artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed as the basic structure of the PSO-ANN model, and the weight coefficients of the two ANNs which represent the difference of individual and daily physiological rule are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO).


RESULTS
Clarke error grid shows the blood glucose predictions are distributed in regions A and B, Bland-Altman analysis show that the predictions and measurements are in good agreement.


CONCLUSIONS
The PSO-2ANN model is a nonlinear calibration strategy with accuracy and robustness using 1550-nm spectroscopy, which can correct the individual difference and physiological glucose dynamics.
Revisiting the Edge of Chaos: Evolving Cellular Automata to Perform Computations

We present results from an experiment similar to one performed by Packard [24], in which a genetic algorithm is used to evolve cellular automata (CA) to perform a particular computational task. Packard examined the frequency of evolved CA rules as a function of Langton’s λ parameter [17], and interpreted the results of his experiment as giving evidence for the following two hypotheses: (1) CA rules able to perform complex computations are most likely to be found near “critical” λ values, which have been claimed to correlate with a phase transition between ordered and chaotic behavioral regimes for CA; (2) When CA rules are evolved to perform a complex computation, evolution will tend to select rules with λ values close to the critical values. Our experiment produced very different results, and we suggest that the interpretation of the original results is not correct. We also review and discuss issues related to λ, dynamical-behavior classes, and computation in CA. The main constructive results of our study are identifying the emergence and competition of computational strategies and analyzing the central role of symmetries in an evolutionary system. In particular, we demonstrate how symmetry breaking can impede the evolution toward higher computational capability. Santa Fe Institute, 1660 Old Pecos Trail, Suite A, Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A. 87501. Email: mm@santafe.edu, pth@santafe.edu Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. 94720. Email: chaos@gojira.berkeley.edu
Effect of the GABAB agonist baclofen in patients with symptoms and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors

Background and aims: A subset of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) with refractory symptoms during therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), have persistent non-acid duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (duodenal reflux). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, which was shown to inhibit the occurrence of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) in patients with persistent non-acid duodenal reflux during PPI therapy. Methods: Patients were eligible for the study if they had persistent reflux symptoms, normal pH monitoring, and pathological Bilitec monitoring during PPI treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and reflux symptom score were performed at the beginning of the study. Baclofen 5 mg three times daily was associated with treatment, and was increased by 5 mg every fourth day until a maintenance dose of 20 mg three times daily was reached. A reflux symptom questionnaire, ambulatory pH monitoring, and Bilitec monitoring were repeated four days later while PPI and baclofen were continued. All data are given as mean (SEM) or median (interquartile range) and were compared using the Student’s t test or the MannWhitney U test. Results: Sixteen patients (11 women, mean age 46 (3) years) with persistent heartburn or regurgitation for at least three months, in spite of PPI therapy, were included in the study. Erosive oesophagitis was present in seven patients (five with grade 1, two with grade 2). Under PPI therapy alone, all patients had normal acid exposure (0.3 (0.05; 2.2)% of the time) but pathological duodenal reflux exposure (13.8 (11.8; 15.5)% of the time). After addition of baclofen 20 mg three times daily, acid exposure was similar (0.4 (0.15; 2.3)% of the time; NS) but duodenal reflux had significantly decreased (6.1 (0.8; 10.3)% of the time; p,0.05). The number of duodenal reflux episodes and the number of longlasting duodenal reflux episodes (.5 minutes) was decreased, respectively, from 23 (14.5; 34) to 12 (5; 21) (p = 0.06) and from 5 (3; 8) to 2 (0.5;4.5) (p,0.05). The cumulative severity score for 14 reflux symptoms decreased from 10.3 (1.7) to 5.8 (1.3) (p,0.01). Four patients reported mild side effects of nausea or drowsiness. Conclusions: The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen improves duodenal reflux and associated reflux symptoms that persist during PPI therapy.
An Analysis of Stochastic Shortest Path Problems

We consider a stochastic version of the classical shortest path problem whereby for each node of a graph, we must choose a probability distribution over the set of successor nodes so as to reach a certain destination node with minimum expected cost. The costs of transition between successive nodes can be positive as well as negative. We prove natural generalizations of the standard results for the deterministic shortest path problem, and we extend the corresponding theory for undiscounted finite state Markovian decision problems by removing the usual restriction that costs are either all nonnegative or all nonpositive. * Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF-ECS-8519058, the Army Research Office under Grant DAAL03-86-K-0171, and a Presidential Young Investigator Award to the second author with matching funds from IBM, Inc. and Dupont, Inc. ** Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. 1
Improving routing in networks of UAVs via scoped flooding and mobility prediction

Due to their specific characteristics, Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Networks (UAANETs) can be classified as a special kind of mobile ad-hoc networks. Due to the high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), designing a good routing protocol for UAANETs is challenging. Recently, a new protocol called Reactive-Greedy-Reactive (RGR) [1] has been proposed as a promising routing protocol in high mobility and density-variable scenarios. Although the RGR protocol improves the packet delivery ratio, the overhead and delay are higher when compared to AODV [1]. In this paper, a scoped flooding and mobility prediction based RGR protocol is proposed to improve the performance of RGR in UAANETs. Simulation results show that the new protocol can effectively enhance the performance of the RGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, and delay.
What is Mathematics, Really? Who Wants to Know?

Famous physicists, like Einstein and Wigner have been wondering, why mathematical symbolism could play such an effective and decisive role in the development of physics. Since the days of Plato, there have been essentially two different answers to this question. To Plato mathematics was a science of the unity and order of this universe. Since Galilei people came to believe that mathematics does not describe the objective world, it is not a reflection of some metaphysical realism. It is rather a reflection of human activity in this world. Kant, by his “Copernican Revolution of Epistemology” seems to have been the first to realize this. For example, number, or more generally arithmetic, was to the Pythagoreans “a cosmology” (KLEIN, 1985, p. 45), to Dedekind it is a means to better distinguish between things. The paper sketches the transition from an ontological to a semiotic interpretation of mathematics.
MatchMiner: a tool for batch navigation among gene and gene product identifiers

MatchMiner is a freely available program package for batch navigation among gene and gene product identifier types commonly encountered in microarray studies and other forms of 'omic' research. The user inputs a list of gene identifiers and then uses the Merge function to find the overlap with a second list of identifiers of either the same or a different type or uses the LookUp function to find corresponding identifiers.
A review on speaker diarization systems and approaches

Speaker indexing or diarization is an important task in audio processing and retrieval. Speaker diarization is the process of labeling a speech signal with labels corresponding to the identity of speakers. This paper includes a comprehensive review on the evolution of the technology and different approaches in speaker indexing and tries to offer a fully detailed discussion on these approaches and their contributions. This paper reviews the most common features for speaker diarization in addition to the most important approaches for speech activity detection (SAD) in diarization frameworks. Two main tasks of speaker indexing are speaker segmentation and speaker clustering. This paper includes a separate review on the approaches proposed for these subtasks. However, speaker diarization systems which combine the two tasks in a unified framework are also introduced in this paper. Another discussion concerns the approaches for online speaker indexing which has fundamental differences with traditional offline approaches. Other parts of this paper include an introduction on the most common performance measures and evaluation datasets. To conclude this paper, a complete framework for speaker indexing is proposed, which is aimed to be domain independent and parameter free and applicable for both online and offline applications. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
UMLtoGraphDB: Mapping Conceptual Schemas to Graph Databases

The need to store and manipulate large volume of (unstructured) data has led to the development of several NoSQL databases for better scalability. Graph databases are a particular kind of NoSQL databases that have proven their efficiency to store and query highly interconnected data, and have become a promising solution for multiple applications. While the mapping of conceptual schemas to relational databases is a well-studied field of research, there are only few solutions that target conceptual modeling for NoSQL databases and even less focusing on graph databases. This is specially true when dealing with the mapping of business rules and constraints in the conceptual schema. In this article we describe a mapping from UML/OCL conceptual schemas to Blueprints, an abstraction layer on top of a variety of graph databases, and Gremlin, a graph traversal language, via an intermediate Graph metamodel. Tool support is fully available.
A Comparative Analysis of Multi Carrier SPWM Control Strategies using Fifteen Level Cascaded H – bridge Multilevel Inverter

In this paper proposes a SPWM control strategy fifteen level cascaded Hbridge multi level inverter. This method introduce sine wave is compared with the triangular carrier wave with different phase relationship. The carrier based Phase disposition PDPWM, PODPWM, APODPWM have been analyzed in this paper. The PWM control strategy method for multi level inverter to reduce the total harmonics distortion in the output waveform. The simulation is done by matlab / simulink environment.
Narrative Modeling with Memory Chains and Semantic Supervision

Story comprehension requires a deep semantic understanding of the narrative, making it a challenging task. Inspired by previous studies on ROC Story Cloze Test, we propose a novel method, tracking various semantic aspects with external neural memory chains while encouraging each to focus on a particular semantic aspect. Evaluated on the task of story ending prediction, our model demonstrates superior performance to a collection of competitive baselines, setting a new state of the art. 1
Proteinase 3, protease-activated receptor-2 and interleukin-32: linking innate and autoimmunity in Wegener's granulomatosis.

Proteinase 3 (PR3) is a multifunctional neutrophil-derived serine protease influencing cell cycle, differentiation, and cell death. This molecule is the main target antigen of autoantibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) known as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA). WG usually starts as granulomatous inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (localized phase) and progress to systemic disease with PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis (generalized phase). PR3-ANCA is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular damage in WG. In contrast, it is not clear how the granulomatous inflammation, the hallmark of WG, is driven, and what is the relationship between granuloma and autoimmunity. Recent findings provide evidence that PR3 might function as endogenous "danger/alarm" signal that communicates the presence of tissue injury to dendritic cells (DC) via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), triggers their maturation and instructs DC to induce Th1-type cell responses in WG. Furthermore, PR3 has the capacity to bind and activate IL-32, a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine that has emerged as an important player in innate and adaptive immune response.Collectively, these results delineate new pathogenic pathways at the molecular level and provide insights into the mechanisms by which PR3 may contribute to the early pathogenesis of WG supporting the pivotal role of the interaction of Wegener's autoantigen with the "gateway" receptor PAR-2 in mediating both innate and adaptive immune response in WG.
Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images

Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Bombay, India Bilateral filtering smooths images while preserving edges, by means of a nonlinear combination of nearby image values. The method is noniterative, local, and simple. It combines gray levels or colors based on both their geometric closeness and their photometric similarity, and prefers near values to distant values in both domain and range. In contrast with filters that operate on the three bands of a color image separately, a bilateral filter can enforce the perceptual metric underlying the CIE-Lab color space, and smooth colors and preserve edges in a way that is tuned to human perception. Also, in contrast with standard filtering, bilateral filtering produces no phantom colors along edges in color images, and reduces phantom colors where they appear in the original image.
Examination and measurement of coping among adolescents with spinal cord injury

Study design:Cross-sectional survey.Objectives:To describe coping strategy use in adolescents with spinal cord injury (SCI), to explore the underlying factor structure of a measure of coping among adolescents with SCI and to assess relationships between coping and psychosocial outcomes. Setting: Multiple pediatric SCI centers in the United States.Methods:One hundred and eighty-two participants aged 13–17 years who experienced an SCI completed measures including the Kidcope, Children’s Depression Inventory, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.Results:Participants reported that cognitive restructuring and resignation are the most used coping strategies, whereas social support, emotional regulation (calming) and cognitive restructuring are the most effective coping strategies. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that a three-factor solution provided the most parsimonious model for the relationships between the different coping strategies. However, only one of the three factors had acceptable internal consistency. This factor comprised escape-oriented coping strategies or an avoidant approach to coping with the sequelae of SCI. After controlling for demographic/injury-related factors, higher scores on the escape-oriented factor were associated with the lower quality of life and higher levels of depression and anxiety symptomatology.Conclusion:Escape-oriented coping is associated with maladaptive psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with SCI. These adolescents report that active coping strategies are most effective in reducing SCI-related distress. Coping strategy use may mediate psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with SCI and represent an intervention target in adolescents who overly rely on escape-oriented coping.
Financial time series forecasting using support vector machines

Support vector machines (SVMs) are promising methods for the prediction of -nancial timeseries because they use a risk function consisting of the empirical error and a regularized term which is derived from the structural risk minimization principle. This study applies SVM to predicting the stock price index. In addition, this study examines the feasibility of applying SVM in -nancial forecasting by comparing it with back-propagation neural networks and case-based reasoning. The experimental results show that SVM provides a promising alternative to stock market prediction. c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Project Impact on the Environment

This chapter addresses the paramount issue of the effects and impacts that a project can cause on the environment, the society and the economy, which is imperative nowadays to consider. Aspects such as land use, impact on the environment, emissions of noxious or harming gases to the atmosphere, contamination of soil and water amongst others, are briefly analyzed.
PAMPAS: Real-Valued Graphical Models for Computer Vision

Probabilistic models have been adopted for many computer vision applications, however inference in highdimensional spaces remains problematic. As the statespace of a model grows, the dependencies between the dimensions lead to an exponential growth in computation when performing inference. Many common computer vision problems naturally map onto the graphical model framework; the representation is a graph where each node contains a portion of the state-space and there is an edge between two nodes only if they are not independent conditional on the other nodes in the graph. When this graph is sparsely connected, belief propagation algorithms can turn an exponential inference computation into one which is linear in the size of the graph. However belief propagation is only applicable when the variables in the nodes are discrete-valued or jointly represented by a single multivariate Gaussian distribution, and this rules out many computer vision applications. This paper combines belief propagation with ideas from particle filtering; the resulting algorithm performs inference on graphs containing both cycles and continuousvalued latent variables with general conditional probability distributions. Such graphical models have wide applicability in the computer vision domain and we test the algorithm on example problems of low-level edge linking and locating jointed structures in clutter.
HLA and Beyond: Interoperability Challenges

The High Level Architecture (HLA) is a runtime software architecture for distributed simulation, which can be used by developers to create simulation applications. The HLA was developed in an environment that required the maximum amount of flexibility along with a minimum number of constraints. Simulations run the gamut from human-in-the-loop individual training simulators to highly aggregated, discrete event simulations that are used to exercise entire battle staffs. Beyond the training environment, the research and acquisition communities each have their own requirements for simulation applications. To address these diverse requirements, the HLA is designed to be flexible enough to support this diverse set of simulation systems in their unique environments and sophisticated enough to embrace the next generation of simulations. This broad-based environment sets the stage for the development of the HLA specification following the initial baseline definition of the HLA in March 1995.
An Analysis on the Hateful Contents Detection Techniques on Social Media

Article history: Received X X 201X Received in revised form X X X 201X Accepted X X 201X