LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On the Stability and Agility of Aggressive Vehicle Maneuvers: A Pendulum-Turn Maneuver Example

We present a dynamic stability and agility study of a pendulum-turn vehicle maneuver. Instead of optimizing the controlled inputs to mimic expert human driver performance, we focus on understanding the stability and agility performance of the vehicle motion using professional racing car driver testing data. We propose to use the rear side slip angle, rather than the vehicle mass center side slip angle, as one state variable to obtain the precise stable region. A hybrid physical/dynamic tire/road friction model is used to capture the dynamic friction force characteristics. We also introduce the use of vehicle lateral jerk and acceleration information as the agility metrics to compare maneuvering performance under the racing car driver and a typical human driver. The analysis and testing results show that during the pendulum-turn maneuvers, the professional driver operates the vehicle outside the stable regions of the vehicle dynamics to achieve superior agility performance than that under typical human driver control. Comparison results also show that the racing car driver outperforms in both the traveling time and the agility metrics. It is ongoing work to design a control strategy for autonomous aggressive maneuvers by using the new stability and agility results presented in this paper.
DEVELOPMENTAL COACHING FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS: EXECUTIVE COACHING GOES TO SCHOOL

Teachers are in a very real sense the embodiment of leadership, providing direction, guidance, and feedback to their students in addition to acting as role models. Teachers may well thus benefit from developmental coaching that draws on theories of leadership. This study was both an experimental (randomly assigned conditions) and a quasiexperimental (pre–post) study. A randomized controlled design was used to explore the impact of coaching on goal attainment, mental health, workplace well-being, and resilience, and a quasi-experimental (pre–post) design was used to explore the impact of coaching on leadership styles. Forty-four high school teachers were randomly assigned to either coaching or a waitlist control group. The coaching used a cognitive–behavioral, solution-focused approach and was informed by theories of self-leadership and transformational leadership. Participants in the coaching group received multirater feedback on their leadership style and undertook 10 coaching sessions conducted by professional coaches over a 20-week period. Compared with randomly allocated controls, participation in coaching was associated with increased goal attainment, reduced stress, and enhanced workplace well-being and resilience. Pre–post analyses for the coaching group indicated that coaching enhanced self-reported achievement and humanistic– encouraging components of constructive leadership styles and reduced self-reported aggressive/defensive and passive/defensive leadership styles. Findings suggest that coaching, as a professional development methodology, has great potential to contribute to the development and well-being of society beyond the corporate and organizational settings with which leadership coaching and executive coaching are normally associated.
Severity prediction rules in community acquired pneumonia: a validation study.

BACKGROUND
The British Thoracic Society (BTS) developed a rule (BTSr) based on severity criteria to predict short term mortality in adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, neither the BTSr nor a recent modification of it (mBTSr) have been validated in the UK. A case-control study was conducted in a typical UK population to determine the clinical factors predictive of mortality and to assess the performance of these rules.


METHODS
Cases were drawn from all patients with CAP who died in 1997 in five large hospitals in the Mid Trent area. Controls were randomly selected from survivors. Factors associated with mortality were identified following review of medical case notes and performance of the severity prediction rules assessed.


RESULTS
Age >65 years, temperature <37 degrees C, respiratory rate >24 breaths/min, mental confusion, urea concentration of >7 mmol/l, sodium concentration of <135 mmol/l, and the presence of a pleural effusion, all determined on admission, were independently associated with in-hospital mortality on multivariate analysis. The BTSr was 52% sensitive and 79% specific in predicting death while the mBTSr displayed 66% sensitivity and 73% specificity.


CONCLUSIONS
The value of three of the four factors (presence of mental confusion, raised respiratory rate, raised urea) used in the mBTSr as predictors of mortality is confirmed. However, the BTSr and mBTSr did not perform as well in this validation study which included a high proportion (48%) of elderly patients (> or =75 years) compared with the derivation studies.
Peers increase adolescent risk taking even when the probabilities of negative outcomes are known.

The majority of adolescent risk taking occurs in the presence of peers, and recent research suggests that the presence of peers may alter how the potential rewards and costs of a decision are valuated or perceived. The current study further explores this notion by investigating how peer observation affects adolescent risk taking when the information necessary to make an informed decision is explicitly provided. We used a novel probabilistic gambling task in which participants decided whether to play or pass on a series of offers for which the reward and loss outcome probabilities were made explicit. Adolescent participants completed the task either alone or under the belief that they were being observed by an unknown peer in a neighboring room. Participants who believed a peer was observing them chose to gamble more often than participants who completed the task alone, and this effect was most evident for decisions with a greater probability of loss. These results suggest that the presence of peers can increase risk taking among adolescents even when specific information regarding the likelihood of positive and negative outcomes is provided. The findings expand our understanding of how peers influence adolescent decision making and have important implications regarding the value of educational programs aimed at reducing risky behaviors during adolescence.
Transparent, explainable, and accountable AI for robotics

To create fair and accountable AI and robotics, we need precise regulation and better methods to certify, explain, and audit inscrutable systems.
Phase change materials for smart textiles – An overview

Phase change materials (PCM) take advantage of latent heat that can be stored or released from a material over a narrow temperature range. PCM possesses the ability to change their state with a certain temperature range. These materials absorb energy during the heating process as phase change takes place and release energy to the environment in the phase change range during a reverse cooling process. Insulation effect reached by the PCM depends on temperature and time. Recently, the incorporation of PCM in textiles by coating or encapsulation to make thermo-regulated smart textiles has grown interest to the researcher. Therefore, an attempt has been taken to review the working principle of PCM and their applications for smart temperature regulated textiles. Different types of phase change materials are introduced. This is followed by an account of incorporation of PCM in the textile structure are summarized. Concept of thermal comfort, clothing for cold environment, phase change materials and clothing comfort are discussed in this review paper. Some recent applications of PCM incorporated textiles are stated. Finally, the market of PCM in textiles field and some challenges are mentioned in this review paper. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A multifaceted intervention to improve blood pressure control: The Guideline Adherence for Heart Health (GLAD) study.

BACKGROUND
Although high blood pressure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the proportion reaching the goal blood pressures as outlined in the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) is low. We conducted a randomized trial in primary care practices of a multifactorial intervention targeted to improve providers' adherence to hypertension guidelines.


METHOD
A total of 61 primary care practices in North Carolina were randomized to receive either a multifactorial intervention (guideline dissemination via a continuing medical education session, academic detailing sessions, audit and feedback on preintervention rates of adherence, and automated blood pressure machines) or an attention control of similar magnitude but targeted at a different guideline. Outcomes were determined through review of patient charts conducted by an independent masked quality assurance organization.


RESULTS
We found no difference between the 2 groups in any of the adherence measures including no difference in the percentage of patients at goal (intervention 49.2%, control 50.6%), with undiagnosed hypertension (18.1% vs 13.6%), average systolic (126 vs 125.1 mm Hg), or diastolic blood pressure (73.1 vs 73.4 mm Hg). Similarly, there was no difference in provider adherence to treatment recommendations (use of thiazide-type diuretic as first-line therapy: 32% vs 29.5%; use of 2-drug therapy in stage 2 hypertension: 11.3% vs 10.4%).


CONCLUSION
An intensive, multifactorial intervention did not improve adherence to national hypertension guidelines among community-based primary care. Efforts should be focused on other types of interventions to improve rates of control of hypertension.
The Impact of Pipelining on Energy per Operation in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

This paper investigates experimentally the quantitative impact of pipelining on energy per operation for two representative FPGA devices: a 0.13μm CMOS high density/high speed FPGA (Altera Stratix EP1S40), and a 0.18μm CMOS low-cost FPGA (Xilinx XC2S200). The results are obtained by both measurements and execution of vendor-supplied tools for power estimation. It is found that pipelining can reduce the amount of energy per operation by between 40% and 90%. Further reduction in energy consumption can be achieved by power-aware clustering, although the effect becomes less pronounced for circuits with a large number of pipeline stages.
Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors.

This article presents various odontogenic cysts and tumors, including periapical cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts, lateral periodontal cysts, glandular odontogenic cysts, ameloblastomas, clear cell odontogenic carcinomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, squamous odontogenic tumors, ameloblastic fibromas, ameloblastic fibro-odontomas, odontomas, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors, and odontogenic myxomas. The authors provide an overview of these cysts and tumors, with microsopic features, gross features, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Immunosuppressant discovery from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f: the novel triptolide analog (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8)

The Chinese traditional herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (TwHF) has been widely used in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Over the past few decades, great efforts have been made to explore modern preparations of TwHF with higher efficacy, solubility, and lower toxicity. In this study, we reviewed several examples both of naturally occurring compounds and their derivatives in TwHF, and summarized the preclinical evaluations with regard to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. All of the candidate compounds described herein have been or are currently in clinical trials. Although some studies encountered problems, the data still provided valuable references for future studies. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8, Leitengshu) is a novel triptolide derivative with potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities developed at Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica. Indeed, a Phase I clinical trial for this compound has been completed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results will provide the basis for the further exploration of this ancient herb and encourage the research and development of valuable traditional Chinese medicine.
Efficacy and tolerability of aliskiren 300  mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25  mg (± amlodipine 5  mg) in hypertensive patients not controlled by candesartan 32  mg plus HCT 25  mg.

AIMS
The majority of patients with essential hypertension of moderate severity (WHO grade 2) require combination therapy. We aimed to investigate whether the single-pill combination of aliskiren 300  mg and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25  mg (ALIS 300/HCT 25) improves the BP reduction in hypertensive patients not adequately controlled by the free combination of candesartan 32  mg and HCT 25  mg (CAN 32 + HCT 25).


METHODS
In an open-label, single-arm study, patients with mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 100-109  mmHg at baseline received 4-week treatment with CAN 32 + HCT 25 (Phase 1), followed - in patients whose BP was not controlled - by 4-week treatment with ALIS 300/HCT 25 (Phase 2). The DBP change between weeks 4 and 8 was the primary endpoint. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT00867490.


RESULTS
In the 186 patients treated, CAN 32 + HCT 25 reduced systolic BP (SBP)/DBP by 18.9/12.2 mmHg. Those 123 patients with uncontrolled hypertension switched to ALIS 300/HCT 25 experienced a further SBP/DBP reduction of 2.8/3.1  mmHg between week 4 and week 8 (p = 0.0064 and p < 0.0001), and 33.3% achieved DBP normalisation. In 61 patients not controlled after week 8 (SBP ≥ 140  mmHg or DBP  ≥  90  mmHg), who participated in an optional study extension, amlodipine 5  mg was added. Triple therapy over 4 weeks decreased SBP/DBP by further 9.2/5.9  mmHg (p < 0.0001 each). Adverse events with suspected drug relationship were noted in 4.3% (Phase 1), 3.3% (Phase 2), and 1.6% (extension) of the patients. Limitations of the study include the open-label, non-randomised approach and short treatment duration across the individual phases.


CONCLUSIONS
In this open-label, single-arm switch study reflecting clinical practice, patients with moderate hypertension not controlled by the free combination of CAN 32 + HCT 25 achieved a clinically and statistically significant reduction of blood pressure from the single pill combination of ALIS 300/HCT 25, and the optional addition of amlodipine.
Quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions.

OBJECTIVE
Identifying gaps in care and improving outcomes for severely ill children requires the development of evidence-based performance measures. We used a systematic process involving multiple stakeholders to identify and develop evidence-based quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions relevant to any emergency department (ED) setting where children are seen.


METHODS
A prioritized list of clinical conditions was selected by an advisory panel. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify existing indicators, as well as guidelines and evidence that could be used to inform the creation of new indicators. A multiphase, Rand-modified Delphi method consisting of anonymous questionnaires and a face-to-face meeting of an expert panel was used for indicator selection. Measure specifications and evidence grading were created for each indicator, and the feasibility and reliability of measurement was assessed in a tertiary care pediatric ED.


RESULTS
The conditions selected for indicator development were diabetic ketoacidosis, status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis, status epilepticus, severe head injury, and sepsis. The majority of the 62 selected indicators reflect ED processes (84%) with few indicators reflecting structures (11%) or outcomes (5%). Thirty-seven percent (n = 23) of the selected indicators are based on moderate or high quality evidence. Data were available and interrater reliability acceptable for the majority of indicators.


CONCLUSIONS
A systematic process involving multiple stakeholders was used to develop evidence-based quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions. Future work will test the reliability and feasibility of data collection on these indicators across the spectrum of ED settings that provide care for children.
MJH: A Faster Alternative to MDC-2

In this paper, we introduce a new class of double-block-length hash functions. Using the ideal cipher model, we prove that these hash functions, dubbed MJH, are asymptotically collision resistant up to O(2n(1− ) query complexity for any > 0 in the iteration, where n is the block size of the underlying blockcipher. When based on n-bit key blockciphers, our construction, being of rate 1/2, provides better provable security than MDC-2, the only known construction of a rate-1/2 double-length hash function based on an n-bit key blockcipher with non-trivial provable security. Moreover, since key scheduling is performed only once per message block for MJH, our proposal significantly outperforms MDC-2 in efficiency. When based on a 2n-bit key blockcipher, we can use the extra n bits of key to increase the amount of payload accordingly. Thus we get a rate-1 hash function that is much faster than existing proposals, such as Tandem-DM with comparable provable security. This is the full version of [19].
A New LLC Series Resonant Converter with a Narrow Switching Frequency Variation and Reduced Conduction Losses

A new LLC series resonant converter that has a narrow switching frequency variation and reduced conduction losses is proposed in this paper. In the proposed converter, one leg of the full-bridge diode rectifier is replaced with synchronous rectifier (SR) switches. In the nominal state, the proposed converter is controlled using frequency modulation, and the SR switches are controlled using in-phase switching signals with primary side switches in order that the proposed converter can obtain a reduced conduction loss in its secondary side rectifiers. During the hold-up time which is the condition where the input voltage of the converter decreases, the SR switches are controlled using phase-shifted switching signals in order that the proposed converter can obtain a higher gain without decreasing the switching frequency. Because the proposed converter operates with a narrow switching frequency variation, a small transformer core can be selected, which results in a decreased core size and loss. Furthermore, it is possible for the proposed converter to be designed optimally in the nominal state and this results in the proposed converter exhibiting a maximized efficiency over the entire load condition. The feasibility of the proposed converter is verified with a 400-250 V input and 200 V/1.5 A output prototype.
Supply‐side politics: Circumventing the claims of justice

Abstract As Hume says, questions of distributive justice only arise under conditions of moderate scarcity. That in turn suggests that increasing (or proposing or promising or pretending to increase) the supply of goods may be an effective way of circumventing claims of justice. Politicians have not been blind to these possibilities. Attempts at supply‐side solutions to distributional problems are very common indeed across a wide range of policy areas. Having demonstrated that I shall then critique such solutions, showing all the fallacies that may embody. My conclusion is that, while increasing supply might sometimes be an acceptable method of resolving distributional problems, there is a variety of arguably common circumstances in which such strategies are wildly inappropriate.
GPLOM: The Generalized Plot Matrix for Visualizing Multidimensional Multivariate Data

Scatterplot matrices (SPLOMs), parallel coordinates, and glyphs can all be used to visualize the multiple continuous variables (i.e., dependent variables or measures) in multidimensional multivariate data. However, these techniques are not well suited to visualizing many categorical variables (i.e., independent variables or dimensions). To visualize multiple categorical variables, 'hierarchical axes' that 'stack dimensions' have been used in systems like Polaris and Tableau. However, this approach does not scale well beyond a small number of categorical variables. Emerson et al. [8] extend the matrix paradigm of the SPLOM to simultaneously visualize several categorical and continuous variables, displaying many kinds of charts in the matrix depending on the kinds of variables involved. We propose a variant of their technique, called the Generalized Plot Matrix (GPLOM). The GPLOM restricts Emerson et al.'s technique to only three kinds of charts (scatterplots for pairs of continuous variables, heatmaps for pairs of categorical variables, and barcharts for pairings of categorical and continuous variable), in an effort to make it easier to understand. At the same time, the GPLOM extends Emerson et al.'s work by demonstrating interactive techniques suited to the matrix of charts. We discuss the visual design and interactive features of our GPLOM prototype, including a textual search feature allowing users to quickly locate values or variables by name. We also present a user study that compared performance with Tableau and our GPLOM prototype, that found that GPLOM is significantly faster in certain cases, and not significantly slower in other cases.
A SURVEY PAPER ON PLANT DISEASE DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING

Identification of the plant diseases manually is very difficult. Hence, image processing is used for the detection of plant diseases. Diseases are caused due to fungi, bacteria, viruses and so on. Diseases in plants reduce both quality and quantity of agricultural products. Hence it is important to identify the diseases. This paper gives the overview of methods used for the detection of plant diseases using their leaves images. Keywords— Image processing, RGB, Image acquisition, Image pre-processing, Image Segmentation, Feature extraction.
Reconstructing the Shape of a Deformable Membrane from Image Data

In this paper, we study the problem of determining a mathematical description of the surface defined by the shape of a membrane based on an image of it and present an algorithm for reconstructing the surface when the membrane is deformed by unknown external elements. The given data are the projection on an image plane of markings on the surface of the membrane, the undeformed configuration of the membrane, and a model for the membrane mechanics. The method of reconstruction is based on the principle that the shape assumed by the membrane will minimize the elastic energy stored in the membrane subject to the constraints implied by the measurements. Energy minimization leads to a set of nonlinear partial differential equations. An approximate solution is found using linearization. The initial motivation, and our first application of these ideas, comes from tactile sensing. Experimental results affirm that this approach can be very effective in this context. KEY WORDS—membrane mechanics, soft fingers, imaging shape
Simulation des phénomènes de chauffage par induction. Application à la trempe superficielle. (Simulation of induction heating phenomena. Application to induction hardening problems)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Simulation des phénomènes de chauffage par induction. Application à la trempe superficielle. Sven Wanser