LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A new blended learning concept for medical students in otolaryngology.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate students' overall assessment and effectiveness of the web-based blended learning conception "Unified Patient Project" (UPP) for medical students rotating on their otolaryngology internship (ear, nose, and throat [ENT] tertiary).


DESIGN
Prospective comparison group design of the quasiexperimental type.


SETTING
Medical education.


SUBJECTS
The experimental group (preintervention test [pretest], intervention, and postintervention test [posttest]) comprised 117 students, and the comparison group (pretest, alternative intervention, and posttest), 119.


INTERVENTIONS
In the experimental group, lecturing of case studies was replaced by the blended learning concept UPP. A standardized questionnaire evaluated students' overall assessment of teaching otolaryngology. A pretest and posttest using multiple choice questions was administered to clarify whether the UPP has led to a knowledge gain.


RESULTS
The comparison group was more satisfied with their teaching; however, this was not statistically significant (P = .26) compared with the UPP. Students with higher preknowledge benefitted from the UPP, while students with lower preknowledge did not (P = .01). On average, posttest results in the experimental group exceeded those of the comparison group by 8.7 percentage points for a 75% preknowledge of the maximum attainable score, while they fell below those of the comparison group by 8.1 percentage points for a 25% preknowledge.


CONCLUSIONS
Students' satisfaction with the blended learning concept UPP was lower than in the face-to-face teaching, although this was not statistically significant. The new web-based UPP leads to an improved knowledge in clinical otolaryngology for all students. Students with lower preknowledge benefitted more from face-to-face teaching than from the UPP, while students with higher preknowledge benefitted more from the UPP. This implies students with poor preknowledge need special promotion programs.
Switched flux permanent magnet machines — Innovation continues

This paper overviews various switched flux permanent magnet machines and their design and performance features, with particular emphasis on machine topologies with reduced magnet usage or without using magnet, as well as with variable flux capability. In addition, this paper also describes their relationships with doubly-salient permanent magnet machines and flux reversal permanent magnet machines.
Stratigraphic range of late Precambrian rocks in the central part of the Altai-Sayan Foldbelt

3. Saraev, S.V., Khomenko, A.V., Baturina, T.P., Karlova, G.A. & Krinin, V.A. Vendian and Cambrian of southeastern West Siberia: stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleogeography. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii 1, 7–18 (2004). 4. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. Fore-Yenisei petroleum province: a new petroleum exploration target in Siberia. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii 5–6, 9–23 (2006). 5. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. New type of Cambrian section in eastern part of West Siberian Plate (based on Vostok-1 stratigraphic well data). Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 843–850 (2008). 6. Kontorovich, A.E. et al. A section of Vendian in the east of West Siberian Plate (based on data from the Borehole Vostok 3). Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 932–939 (2008). 7. Filippov, Yu.F., Kontorovich, A.E., Kontorovich, V.A., Korovnikov, I.V. & Saraev, S.V. in Basement and structural framework of the West-Siberian Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basin, geodynamic evolution, and petroleum potential. Proceedings of the 2nd All-Russian scientific conference (Tyumen, 27–29 April, 2010), 183–188 (Geo, 2010).
Tribal Health Problems , Disease Burden and Ameliorative Challenges in Tribal Communities with Special Emphasis on Tribes of Orissa

About a half of the autochthonous people of the world with about 635 tribal groups and subgroups including 75 primitive tribes live in India. The state of Orissa occupies a unique position in the tribal map of India having 62 scheduled tribes including 13 primitive tribes with a population of over 8.15 million constituting 22.3% of the population of the state as per 2001 Census. There is a paucity of comprehensive health research among the tribal populations of India. Most of the studies are isolated and fragmentary in nature. There is an urgent need for initiating the area specific, tribe specific, action oriented health research in consonance with the felt needs of the tribal communities. The research should be mission oriented, having practical applications and directed towards improving the quality of life of tribal people. The health scenario of tribes of Orissa presents a kaleidoscopic mosaic of various communicable and noncommunicable diseases in consonance with socio-economic developments in the state. The wide spread poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of safe drinking water and sanitary conditions, poor maternal and child health services, ineffective coverage of national health and nutritional services, etc. are the major contributing factors for dismal health in tribal communities of Orissa. There is a heavy burden of communicable, noncommunicable and silent killer genetic diseases prevalent in tribal communities of Orissa. Many of the infectious and parasitic diseases can be prevented with timely intervention, health awareness, and information, education and communication (IEC) skilled activities. In spite of the tremendous advancement in the field of preventive and curative medicine, the health care delivery services in tribal communities especially in Orissa are still poor and need amelioration and strengthening with sustenance on the guidelines suggested to achieve the targeted goals of health for all in India. Unless locality specific, tribe specific and need-based health care delivery system is evolved which is appropriate, acceptable, accessible, and affordable, the goal of health for all would remain a Utopian dream!
Using Wikipedia for Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation

This paper describes a method for generating sense-tagged data using Wikipedia as a source of sense annotations. Through word sense disambiguation experiments, we show that the Wikipedia-based sense annotations are reliable and can be used to construct accurate sense classifiers.
Tender Offers and Leverage

We examine the role of leverage in tender offers for widely held firms. Leverage allows raiders to appropriate part of the value gains arising from takeovers, hence reducing the takeover premium and mitigating the free-rider problem. Leveraged takeovers may thus be profitable even if target shareholders are dispersed. Bankruptcy costs, incentive problems on the part of the raider, and defensive leveraged recapitalizations and asset sales by the target management all limit the raider’s ability to borrow, thus shifting takeover gains to target shareholders and reducing the takeover likelihood. While bankruptcy costs are a social cost, the takeover premium is merely a wealth transfer to target shareholders. As the raider does not maximize social welfare, he uses too much debt compared to the social optimum. ∗We are particularly indebted to Marcel Kahan for his generous help and advice. Thanks also to Franklin Allen, William Allen, Heitor Almeida, Lucian Bebchuk, Oliver Hart, David Hirshleifer, Laurie Hodrick, Lasse Pedersen, Raghu Rajan, Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy Stein, and seminar participants at Harvard, NYU, and the workshop “New Ideas and Open Issues in Corporate Finance” in Amsterdam (2003) for helpful comments and suggestions. For comments on an earlier version, we thank Arturo Bris, Franz Hubert, and Roman Inderst. This collaboration was initiated during the European Summer Symposium in Financial Markets (ESSFM), 2001. We thank the organizers, CEPR and Studienzentrum Gerzensee, for their hospitality. †New York University & CEPR. Address: Department of Finance, Stern School of Business, New York University, 44 West 4th Street, Suite 9-190, New York, NY 10012-1126. Email: hmueller@stern.nyu.edu. ‡Università di Bologna & CEPR. Address: Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Università di Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Email: fpanunzi@economia.unibo.it.
Incidence and severity of shoulder pain does not increase with the use of circuit class therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation: a controlled trial.

QUESTIONS
Does circuit class therapy result in a greater incidence or severity of shoulder pain compared with individual therapy? Is the incidence influenced by the degree of active shoulder control?


DESIGN
Controlled trial with intention-to-treat analysis.


PARTICIPANTS
Sixty-eight people (6 drop-outs) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after stroke.


INTERVENTION
Participants received either individual therapy or group circuit class therapy.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence of shoulder pain over the previous 24 hours was measured as a yes/no response while severity of shoulder pain was measured using a visual analogue scale at admission, Week 4, and discharge.


RESULTS
There was no greater chance of participants receiving circuit class therapy having shoulder pain at Week 4 (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.80) or discharge (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.45) than participants receiving individual therapy. Of those participants who reported pain, there was no difference between groups in the severity of pain at Week 4 (mean difference -0.2 cm, 95% CI -3.2 to 2.7) or discharge (mean difference -2.1 cm, 95% CI -4.8 to 0.6). There was a greater chance of participants who had no active shoulder control having shoulder pain at Week 4 (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 20.4) and at discharge (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 13.9) than participants who had active shoulder control.


CONCLUSION
The incidence and severity of shoulder pain was influenced by degree of active shoulder control but not by type of physiotherapy service delivery. Concerns regarding shoulder pain should not be a barrier to the implementation of circuit class therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation.
Prolonging lifetime of wireless sensor networks with mobile base station using particle swarm optimization

Wireless sensor networks are a family of networks in wireless communication system and have the potential to become significant subsystem of engineering applications. In view of the fact that the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are typically irreplaceable, this type of network should operate with minimum possible energy in order to improve overall energy efficiency. Therefore, the protocols and algorithms developed for sensor networks must incorporate energy consumption as the highest priority optimization goal. Since the base station in sensor networks is usually a node with high processing power, high storage capacity and the battery used can be rechargeable, the base station can be utilized to collect data from each sensor node in the sensing area by moving closer to the transmitting node. In this paper, we proposed an energy-efficient protocol for the movement of mobile base station using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method in wireless sensor networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can improve the network lifetime, data delivery and energy consumption compared to existing energy-efficient protocols developed for this network.
Studies on monooxygenases. I. General properties of crystalline L-lysine monooxygenase.

Abstract Crystalline l-lysine monooxygenase was shown to be homogeneous upon both ultracentrifugation and free boundary electrophoresis. On the basis of measurements of sedimentation constant, diffusion constant, and partial specific volume, the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 191,000. The reaction product was isolated and identified as δ-amino-n-valeramide based on melting point, elemental analyses, infrared absorption spectra, paper chromatography, and alkaline hydrolysis. Balance studies showed that 1 mole of l-lysine was converted to an equimolar amount each of δ-amino-n-valeramide and carbon dioxide with the consumption of 1 mole of oxygen. In addition to l-lysine the enzyme slowly oxidized l-ornithine, l-arginine, and l-thialysine. The enzyme was shown to contain 2 moles of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which were reduced by the anaerobic addition of l-lysine or the substrate analogues. δ-Amino-n-valeramide deaminase was also isolated and partially purified.
An improved method for MRI artifact correction due to translational motion in the imaging plane

A computer postprocessing technique is developed to remove MRI artifact arising from unknown translational motion in the imaging plane. Based on previous artifact correction methods, the improved technique uses two successive steps to reduce read out and phase-encoding direction artifacts: First, the spectrum shift method is applied to remove read-out axis translational motion. Then, the phase retrieval method is employed to eliminate the remaining subpixel motion of the read-out axis and the entire motion of the phase-encoding axis. In the presence of noise, to protect edge detection (in the spectrum shift method), two high-density gray-level markers are added, one to each side of the imaging object. Experimental results with an actual MR scan confirmed the ability of the method to correct the artifact of an MR image caused by unknown translational motion in the imaging plane.
The fundamentals of standardizing global marketing strategy

Purpose – To examine issues of standardization and adaptation in global marketing strategy and to explain the dynamics of standardization. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual research paper that has been developed based on gaps in prior frameworks of standardization/adaptation. A three-factor model of standardization/adaptation of global marketing strategy was developed. The three factors include homogeneity of customer response to the marketing mix, transferability of competitive advantage, and similarities in the degree of economic freedom. Findings – The model through the use of feedback effects explains the dynamics of standardization. Research limitations/implications – Future research needs to empirically test the model. To enable empirical validation, reliable and valid measures of the three factors proposed in the model need to be developed. Additionally, the model may be used in future research to delineate the impact a variable may have on the ability of a firm to follow a standardized global marketing strategy. Practical implications – The three-factor model aids decisions relating to standardization in a global marketing context. Originality/value – The paper furthers the discussion on the issue of standardization. Through the identification of three factors that impact standardization/adaptation decisions, and the consideration of feedback effects, the paper provides a foundation for future research addressing the issue.
FRAIL-NH Predicts Outcomes in Long Term Care.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
To investigate the predictive validity of the short, simple FRAIL-NH frailty screening tool in the long term care population and to then compare the predictive validity with the frailty index (FI) for 6-month adverse health outcomes.


DESIGN
Retrospective study using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 and chart review from June-December 2014.


SETTING
Two Long Term Care Facilities in Saint Louis, MO.


PARTICIPANTS
270 patients ages ≥ 65 years old residing in long term care.


MEASUREMENTS
Frailty was measured using the FRAIL-NH and Frailty Index (FI) criteria. Adverse outcomes measured at 6-month follow-up included falls, hospitalizations, and hospice enrollment/mortality.


RESULTS
Based on screening tool used frailty prevalence was 48.7% for FRAIL-NH and 30.3% for FI. The FRAIL-NH pre-frail (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=2.62; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.25-5.54; p=0.11) classification was associated with 6 month risk of falling and mortality/hospice enrollment was associated with the frail classification, AOR=3.96 (1.44-10.87, p=0.007). Combining the pre-frail and frail categories both measures predicted 6 month mortality with the FRAIL-NH being the strongest predictor (AOR=3.36; 95%CI=1.26-8.98; p=0.016) and the FI was a more modest predictor with an AOR of 2.28; 95%CI=1.01-5.15; p=0.047. When directly comparing the FRAIL-NH to the FI, the FRAIL-NH pre-frail were at increased risk of falling, AOR=2.42 (1.11-5.92, p=0.027) and the FRAIL-NH frail were at increased risk of hospice enrollment/death, OR=3.25 (1.04- 10.86) p=0.044.


CONCLUSION
In comparison to the FI, the FRAIL-NH preformed just as well at screening for frailty and was a slightly better predictor of adverse outcomes. The FRAIL-NH is a brief, easy-to-administer frailty screening tool appropriate for long term care patients and predicts increased risk of falls in the pre-frail and mortality/hospice enrollment in the frail.
COSMOS: the dialysis scenario of CKD-MBD in Europe.

BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are important complications of CKD5D patients that are associated with mortality.


METHODS
COSMOS is a multicentre, open cohort, prospective, observational 3-year study carried out in haemodialysis patients from 20 European countries during 2005-07. The present article describes the main characteristics of the European dialysis population, the current practice for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the differences across different European regions.


RESULTS
The haemodialysis population in Europe is an aged population (mean age 64.8±14.2 years) with a high prevalence of diabetes (29.5%) and cardiovascular disease (76.0%), and 28.7% of patients have been on haemodialysis more than 5 years. Patients from the former Eastern countries are younger (59.3±14.3 versus 66.0±13.9), having a lower proportion of diabetics (24.1 versus 30.7%). There were relevant differences in the frequency of measurement of the main CKD-MBD biochemical parameters [Ca, P and parathyroid hormone (PTH)] and the Eastern countries showed a poorer control of these biochemical parameters (K/DOQI and K/DIGO targets). Overall, 48.0% of the haemodialysis patients received active vitamin D treatment. Calcitriol use doubled that of alfacalcidiol in the Mediterranean countries, whereas the opposite was found in the non-Mediterranean countries. The criteria followed to perform parathyroidectomy were different across Europe. In the Mediterranean countries, the level of serum PTH considered to perform parathyroidectomy was higher than in non-Mediterranean countries; as a result, in the latter, more parathyroidectomies were performed in the year previous to inclusion to COSMOS.


CONCLUSIONS
The COSMOS baseline results show important differences across Europe in the management of CKD-MBD.
Integrated System Identification and State-of-Charge Estimation of Battery Systems

Accurate estimation of the state of charge in battery systems is of essential importance for battery system management. Due to nonlinearity, high sensitivity of the inverse mapping from external measurements, and measurement errors, SOC estimation has remained a challenging task. This is further compounded by the fact that battery characteristic model parameters change with time and operating conditions. This paper introduces an adaptive nonlinear observer design that compensates nonlinearity and achieves better estimation accuracy. A two-time-scale signal processing method is employed to attenuate the effects of measurement noises on SOC estimates. The results are further expanded to derive an integrated algorithm to identify model parameters and initial SOC jointly. Simulations were performed to illustrate the capability and utility of the algorithms. Experimental verifications are conducted on Li-ion battery packs of different capacities under different load profiles.
Digital forensic readiness in the cloud

The traditional digital forensic investigation process has always had a post-event driven focus. This process is perhaps too long for the cloud. This paper investigates how digital forensic readiness can be used to quicken and update the traditional digital forensic investigation process to better suit cloud computing environments. John Tans states that centralized logging is the key to efficient forensic strategies. The author proposes a model that considers centralised logging of all activities of all the participants within the cloud in preparation of an investigation. This approach will quicken the acquisition of evidential data when an investigation is required, allowing the investigator to start the analysis and examination almost immediately.
Assessing disability and quality of life in systemic sclerosis: construct validities of the Cochin Hand Function Scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Systemic Sclerosis HAQ, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the construct validity of the Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS) and the relevance of using aggregate scores for the scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (sHAQ) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).


METHODS
We evaluated 50 patients with SSc (mean +/- SD age and disease duration 54 +/- 12 years and 9 +/- 8 years, respectively), of which 26 had limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and 23 diffuse SSc (dSSc). Quality of life was assessed by the SF-36, global disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and sHAQ, and hand disability by the CHFS. Construct validity was assessed by convergent and divergent validity (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) and factor analysis.


RESULTS
The CHFS had good construct validity and its total score explained 75% of the variance of the HAQ. The HAQ had better construct validity than the aggregate sHAQ and their scores correlated well (r = 0.88). The aggregate sHAQ was no better than the HAQ in discriminating between lcSSc and dSSc. SF-36 physical and mental components had acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis of the 8 subscales extracted 3 factors explaining 72% of the variance, which differed from the a priori stratification with physical and mental subscales extracted in the same factor.


CONCLUSION
In patients with SSc, the CHFS has good construct validity, the HAQ should be preferred over the aggregate sHAQ for assessing physical functioning, and use of SF-36 physical and mental components aggregate scores is questionable.
Comprehensive rehabilitation in chronic heart failure--better psycho-emotional status related to quality of life, brain natriuretic peptide concentrations, and clinical severity of disease.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation program in chronic heart failure (CHF) on quality of life (QoL) in relation to emotional status and clinical severity of disease.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
25 patients with CHF were included in the 12-week comprehensive rehabilitation program. Initially, and at the end of the program, patients underwent graded cardio-pulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography, and determination of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration. In addition, they were assessed using: The Minnesota Living with Health Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]) for disease Specific QoL, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory [STAXI]).


RESULTS
After 12 weeks of rehabilitation improvements in NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and peak oxygen consumption were found, while mean BNP concentrations did not change. Disease specific QoL demonstrated improvements in physical component and the total score. Relative improvement of psycho-emotional scores correlated positively with relative improvement of disease specific QoL. In patients with LVEF > or =30% at baseline, changes in BNP concentration were positively associated with both anxiety and state anger, and with the emotional component score of MLHFQ.


CONCLUSION
Improvements in disease-specific QoL were closely associated to improvements of psycho-emotional status and clinical severity of CHF.