LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting are associated with similar graft patency, myocardial ischemia, and freedom from reintervention: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
The Surgical Management of Arterial Revascularization Therapies trial was conceived to rigorously compare completeness of revascularization, clinical outcomes and resource utilization in unselected patients referred for elective, primary coronary artery bypass grafting randomly assigned to undergo off-pump (OPCAB) or conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The goal of this follow-up study was to compare long-term survival, graft patency, myocardial ischemia, and clinical outcomes among survivors who volunteered to return for clinical evaluation and imaging studies.


METHODS
Two hundred unselected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to OPCAB or CPB coronary artery bypass grafting between March 2000 and August 2001. All-cause mortality was determined by individual patient contact and referencing the Social Security Death Master File. Of 140 survivors, 87 volunteered to return after a minimum of 6.8 years (maximum, 8.4 years; mean, 7.5 years) for assessment of graft patency (computed tomographic angiography) and myocardial ischemia (cardiac positron emission tomography and 12-lead electrocardiogram). Age at follow-up ranged from 38 to 90 years (mean, 68 years).


RESULTS
There were 26 deaths from all causes among OPCAB patients and 31 among CPB patients as of March 30, 2009. Graft patency was similar between groups among 622 grafts assessed by angiography before hospital discharge (99% OPCAB versus 97.7% CPB; p=0.22, Fisher's exact test), among 511 grafts assessed by angiography at 1 year (93.6% OPCAB versus 95.8% CPB; p=0.33), and among 190 grafts assessed by computed tomographic angiography at late follow-up (76% OPCAB versus 83.5% CPB; p=0.44). Twelve of 34 OPCAB (35.3%) and 16 of 39 CPB patients (41.0%) had any ischemia on positron emission tomography scanning (p=0.62). Four OPCAB patients (11.8%) and 9 CPB patients (23.1%) had an ischemic region in excess of 10% of myocardium (p=0.21). At late follow-up, recurrent angina had occurred in 11 of 43 (25.6%) OPCAB patients and 5 of 44 (11.4%) CPB patients (p=0.09). Percutaneous reintervention had been performed at the discretion of blinded local cardiologists in 1 of 43 (2.3%) OPCAB patients and 1 of 44 (2.3%) CPB patients (p=1.0). No patient in either group has undergone repeat CABG.


CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized trial, off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were associated with similar early and late graft patency, incidence of recurrent or residual myocardial ischemia, need for reintervention, and long-term survival.
Market efficiency and accounting research : a discussion of ‘ capital market research in accounting ’ by S .

Much of capital market research in accounting over the past 20 years has assumed that the price adjustment process to information is instantaneous and/or trivial. This assumption has had an enormous influence on the way we select research topics, design empirical tests, and interpret research findings. In this discussion, I argue that price discovery is a complex process, deserving of more attention. I highlight significant problems associated with a na.ıve view of market efficiency, and advocate a more general model involving noise traders. Finally, I discuss the implications of recent evidence against market efficiency for future research. r 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: M4; G0; B2; D8
Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: a clinical trial in healthy weight men and women.

SCOPE
This study was designed to evaluate the ability of tomato rich in lycopene to modify postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function in healthy weight individuals.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twelve women and 13 men (mean age = 27 ± 8 years; mean body mass index= 22 ± 2) consumed high-fat meals known to induce postprandial oxidative stress on two separate occasions containing either processed tomato product or non-tomato alternative. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min, then hourly until 360 min. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was performed at 0 and 210 min. Endpoints included changes in glucose, insulin, lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), inflammatory cytokines, and FMD. Both meals induced increases in plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations (p < 0.05). A trend for higher triglycerides at >240 min was observed after the tomato meal (p = 0.006). Tomato significantly attenuated high-fat meal-induced LDL oxidation (p < 0.05) and rise in interleukin-6 (p < 0.0001), a proinflammatory cytokine and inflammation marker.


CONCLUSION
The data indicate that consuming tomato products with a meal attenuates postprandial lipemia-induced oxidative stress and associated inflammatory response. The relevance of OxLDL and inflammation to vascular injury suggests a potentially important protective role of tomato in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration number - NCT00966550.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during nasal non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure.

BACKGROUND
Various methods have been described for safely performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) while applying non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the safety of a new method to perform FB in patients with ARF.


METHODS
Patients with ARF in whom FB was indicated were studied. The primary end-point was a mean drop in oxygen saturation (S(a)O(2)) after the procedure. During nasal NIPPV, FB was performed via the mouth using a bite block sealed with an elastic glove finger allowing bronchoscope insertion.


RESULTS
Thirty-five patients were included in the final study (63 ± 17 years, 74% men, P(a)O(2)/F(i)O(2) ratio 168 ± 63). A total of 35 bronchoaspirates, 21 protected brushings, 11 bronchoalveolar lavages and 8 bronchial biopsies were done. The cardiorespiratory variables at the start and end of FB were: S(a)O(2) 93 ± 3 to 94 ± 5%, heart rate 95 ± 17 to 99 ± 22 b.p.m. and respiratory rate 24 ± 11 to 25 ± 11 respirations/min. The lowest S(a)O(2) value reached during the procedure was 86 ± 3% and the maximal ETCO(2) rise was 41 ± 4 mm Hg. Leakage was <50 ml/s in 32 patients. The clinical course was favorable in 66%. Invasive ventilation was necessary in 11%, 5 ± 4 days after FB. Twelve patients (33%) died 3 ± 2 days after FB as a result of their underlying disease.


CONCLUSIONS
The system allowed to perform FB safely in patients with ARF. Although there is a relatively high rate of intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation due to illness severity, there was no worsening of oxygenation or complications attributable to the procedure.
Continuous Fraïssé Conjecture

We will investigate the relation of countable closed linear orderings with respect to continuous monotone embeddability and will show that there are exactly $\aleph_1$ many equivalence classes with respect to this embeddability relation. This is an extension of Laver’s result (Laver, Ann. Math. 93(2):89–111, 1971), who considered (plain) embeddability, which yields coarser equivalence classes. Using this result we show that there are only $\aleph_0$ many different Gödel logics.
Real-time neuroimaging and cognitive monitoring using wearable dry EEG

Goal: We present and evaluate a wearable high-density dry-electrode EEG system and an open-source software framework for online neuroimaging and state classification. Methods: The system integrates a 64-channel dry EEG form factor with wireless data streaming for online analysis. A real-time software framework is applied, including adaptive artifact rejection, cortical source localization, multivariate effective connectivity inference, data visualization, and cognitive state classification from connectivity features using a constrained logistic regression approach (ProxConn). We evaluate the system identification methods on simulated 64-channel EEG data. Then, we evaluate system performance, using ProxConn and a benchmark ERP method, in classifying response errors in nine subjects using the dry EEG system. Results: Simulations yielded high accuracy (AUC = 0.97 ± 0.021) for real-time cortical connectivity estimation. Response error classification using cortical effective connectivity [short-time directdirected transfer function (sdDTF)] was significantly above chance with similar performance (AUC) for cLORETA (0.74 ± 0.09) and LCMV (0.72 ± 0.08) source localization. Cortical ERPbased classification was equivalent to ProxConn for cLORETA (0.74 ± 0.16) butsignificantlybetterforLCMV (0.82 ± 0.12). Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility for real-time cortical connectivity analysis and cognitive state classification from highdensity wearable dry EEG. Significance: This paper is the first validated application of these methods to 64-channel dry EEG. This study addresses a need for robust real-time measurement and interpretation of complex brain activity in the dynamic environment of the wearable setting. Such advances can have broad impact in research, medicine, and brain-computer interfaces. The pipelines are made freely available in the open-source SIFT and BCILAB toolboxes.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of moderately preterm birth: precursors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at preschool age

Moderately preterm birth seems to be an evolutional risk condition at cognitive, behavioural and socio-relational levels. The study is aimed to investigate the likely occurrence of precursors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in moderately preterm children at preschool age. The research involved an experimental group made up of 50 moderately preterm children (mean: 34.6 weeks' gestational age, standard deviation [SD]: 2) without any medical and neurologic neonatal complications and low birth weight (mean:2100g., SD: 350g.) and a check group of 50 full term born children. Parents and teachers of children were administered specific questionnaires to detect ADHD. The outcomes show a risk of ADHD highlighting statically significant differences related to gender [F(2, 99) = 2.99, p = .04], birth [F(2, 99) = 9.6, p = .03] and interaction [F(2, 99) = 2.2, p = .01]. The moderately preterm children showed deficit in self-regulation [F(2, 99) = 1.14, p = .04] and attention deficit in daily life both in family [F(2, 99) = 7.8, p = .04] and school contexts [F(1, 99) = 3.3, p = .04]. The outcomes hint assessment paths aimed to monitor the aspects of cognitive, motor, behavioural development of moderately preterm children recognised as signs of problematic functioning profiles. Therefore, specific training will have been designed since preschool age in order to control the ADHD risk factors.
Cybersecurity Education and Assessment in EDURange

EDURange, a cloud-based platform, uses cybersecurity exercises to help undergraduates develop analytical abilities and a security mindset.
Evaluating Innovative In-Ear Pulse Oximetry for Unobtrusive Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Monitoring During Sleep

Homecare is healthcare based on the principle “outpatient before inpatient,” with the aim of moving at least some care-delivery to the home. But reliable determination of vital signs at home requires new, smart sensors, which can be used by the patients themselves. We present a novel pulse oximetry sensor worn in the ear channel. It was previously shown that measurement of heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and related respiratory information can be performed with reliable accuracy under laboratory conditions. The present study explores the clinical feasibility of the sensor system for cardiovascular monitoring during sleep, with the aim to diagnose sleep apnea. For this, human trials were performed in a sleep laboratory including patients with a clinical suspicion of sleep apnea. Besides a general analysis of the sensor's signal quality during sleep, the evaluation focuses on heart rate dynamics and time-variant oxygen saturation. In addition, several methods to derive respiration rate from photoplethysmographic signals are examined and discussed. Results from the in-ear sensor are compared with standard polysomnography monitoring and demonstrate that this novel system allows long-term nocturnal measurement of heart rate, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate with sufficient accuracy.
Intervening to reduce workplace sitting time: how and when do changes to sitting time occur?

OBJECTIVE
To investigate how and when changes in workplace sitting time occurred following a workplace intervention to inform evaluation of intervention success.


METHOD
The 4-week Stand Up Comcare study (June-September 2011) aimed to reduce workplace sitting time via regularly interrupting and replacing sitting time throughout the day. Activity monitor (activPAL3) workplace data from control (n=22) and intervention participants (n=21) were analysed. Differences in the number and usual duration of sitting bouts were used to evaluate how change occurred. To examine when change occurred, intervention effects were compared by hour since starting work and hour of the workday. Change in workplace activity (sitting, standing, stepping) was examined to further inform alignment with intervention messages. Individual variability was examined in how and when the change occurred.


RESULTS
Overall, behavioural changes aligned with intervention aims. All intervention participants reduced total workplace sitting time, though there was wide individual variability observed (range -29 to -262 min per 8 h workday). On average, intervention participants reduced number of sitting bouts (-4.6 bouts (95% CI -10.1 to 1.0), p=0.106) and usual sitting bout duration (-5.6 min (95% CI -9.8 to -1.4, p=0.011)) relative to controls. Sitting time reductions were observed across the workday, though intervention effects varied by hour of the day (p=0.015). The intervention group successfully adopted the Stand Up and Sit Less intervention messages across the day.


CONCLUSION
These analyses confirmed that this workplace intervention successfully modified sitting behaviour as intended (ie, fewer and shorter sitting bouts, with changes occurring throughout the day).
Social learning of fear

Research across species highlights the critical role of the amygdala in fear conditioning. However, fear conditioning, involving direct aversive experience, is only one means by which fears can be acquired. Exploiting aversive experiences of other individuals through social fear learning is less risky. Behavioral research provides important insights into the workings of social fear learning, and the neural mechanisms are beginning to be understood. We review research suggesting that an amygdala-centered model of fear conditioning can help to explain social learning of fear through observation and instruction. We also describe how observational and instructed fear is distinguished by involvement of additional neural systems implicated in social-emotional behavior, language and explicit memory, and propose a modified conditioning model to account for social fear learning. A better understanding of social fear learning promotes integration of biological principles of learning with cultural evolution.
Developments in trait emotional intelligence research

Trait emotional intelligence (“trait EI”) concerns our perceptions of our emotional abilities, that is, how good we believe we are in terms of understanding, regulating, and expressing emotions in order to adapt to our environment and maintain well-being. In this article, we present succinct summaries of selected findings from research on (a) the location of trait EI in personality factor space, (b) the biological underpinnings of the construct, (c) indicative applications in the areas of clinical, health, social, educational, organizational, and developmental psychology, and (d) trait EI training. Findings to date suggest that individual differences in trait EI are a consistent predictor of human behavior across the life span.
Survey on Incremental Approaches for Network Anomaly Detection

As the communication industry has connected distant corners of the globe using advances in network technology, intruders or attackers have also increased attacks on networking infrastructure commensurately. System administrators can attempt to prevent such attacks using intrusion detection tools and systems. There are many commercially available signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). However, most IDSs lack the capability to detect novel or previously unknown attacks. A special type of IDSs, called Anomaly Detection Systems, develop models based on normal system or network behavior, with the goal of detecting both known and unknown attacks. Anomaly detection systems face many problems including high rate of false alarm, ability to work in online mode, and scalability. This paper presents a selective survey of incremental approaches for detecting anomaly in normal system or network traffic. The technological trends, open problems, and challenges over anomaly detection using incremental approach are also discussed.
Visual fields and their functions in birds

Among birds there are considerable interspecific differences in all aspects of visual fields. However, it is hypothesised that the topography of the frontal binocular portion of fields are of only three main types, and their principal functions lie in the degree to which vision is used in the guidance of the bill (or feet) towards food objects or for the provisioning of chicks. In the majority of birds, the width of the frontal binocular field is narrow (20°–30° maximum). It shows a high degree of similarity across species and appears to be independent of phylogeny or ecology. Binocularity appears not to be concerned with higher level visual processing involving the combination of information from the two eyes (as in, for example, stereoscopic vision). Binocularity is concerned with gaining independently, in each eye, information which is derived from the symmetrically expanding optic flow-field, which specifies the direction of travel of the head and its time to contact an object, as in pecking or lunging at food items. Species which do not provision their chicks, and whose foraging is guided by tactile cues or which filter feed, have much smaller binocular overlap (10°) and this seems sufficient to control flight. These birds gain comprehensive visual coverage of the celestial hemisphere and show reduced vigilance behaviour. The visual fields of owls, which combine more extensive binocular overlap (50°) with a large blind area behind the head, may not be primarily associated with nocturnal activity. Visual fields of this type are not found in other nocturnally active birds such as Oilbirds, nightjars and kiwis. The type of visual field found in owls may be a result of large eyes combined with elaborate outer ear structures that are placed within a relatively small skull. Eye movements of significant amplitude do not occur in all birds. However, eye movements of between 14° and 18° occur in species such as herons, hornbills and cormorants and can result in the spontaneous abolition of binocularity. These eye movements are non-conjugate and can produce markedly asymmetric visual fields. The width of any blind area above the head is a function of eye size, with the largest eyes associated with optical adnexa, (eye lashes, brows). These may be associated with avoiding imaging the sun on the retina. However, many small-eyed birds have no optical adnexa and cannot avoid seeing the sun.
Knowledge and behavior of Nigerian dentists concerning the treatment of children with special needs

BACKGROUND
Children with special needs (CSN) are reported to receive less adequate dental care due to various behavioral problems and barriers created by dental professionals. This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and behaviour of Nigerian dentists concerning the treatment of CSN.


METHODS
Questionnaires consisting of open and closed ended questions requesting socio-demographic information, type of practice, undergraduate and postgraduate training, self-rated knowledge and behaviour concerning care of CSN, were hand delivered to 359 dentists in the 3 geographical zones of Nigeria over a period of 8 weeks. Responses were compared across age groups, gender, type of practice and training received.


RESULT
Two hundred and eighty questionnaires were returned completed, constituting 79.9% response rate. Most of the respondents were aged 30-39 years (44.3%). There were more males (56.1%) and more recent graduates of 10 years and below (78.5%). Over 80% of respondents had treated children with disabilities, those with physical disabilities being most encountered. Only 19.3% of respondents rated their knowledge of management of CSN as adequate, with no significant difference across age groups and gender, but with a significantly higher number of older graduates reporting to have adequate knowledge (p < 0.05). Those who had undergraduate training in care of CSN were 69.5% compared with only 12.8% who had post graduate training. Only 11.8% rated their undergraduate training as adequate. Thirty seven percent of respondents rated the CSN they had treated as very challenging. A higher proportion of older graduates (of more than 10 years post graduation) and those who rated their undergraduate training as inadequate used sedation and general anaesthesia. Seventy one percent of respondents were willing to treat CSN, with no significant difference across age groups, gender and training, but with a significantly higher percentage among those who had rated their knowledge as adequate. Most of those who were unwilling to treat CSN felt their management was tedious and challenging.


CONCLUSION
From this study, very few dentists reported to have adequate knowledge of management of CSN, irrespective of age, gender and place of practice. A significant number of those with more experience rated their knowledge as adequate. Although most dentists rated the children's behaviour as challenging, they indicated their willingness to treat them in their practices.
Effect of Processing on the Vitamin C Content of Seven Nigerian Green Leafy Vegetables

This study was designed to determine the effect of processing on the Vitamin C content of seven Nigerian green leafy vegetables, Telfaria occidentalis (ugu), Talinum triangulare (waterleaf), Basella alba (indian spinach), Celosia argentea (soko), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Amaranthus hybridus (tete) and Crassephalum crepidioees (rorowo). Processing methods employed are, blanching, boiling, sundrying, squeezewashing, squeeze-washing with salt and squeeze-washing with boiling. Raw ugu had highest Vitamin C content of 62.50 mg/100g while raw waterleaf had the lowest value of 9.30 mg/100g. Blanching and boiling reduced the Vitamin C content of soko and tete tremendously with a value of 91.50% reduction for boiled tete. The percentage loss for sundried vegetables was the lowest when compared with other processing methods with a reduction of 6.50 and 12.40% in indian spinach and rorowo, respectively. Squeeze washing reduced the Vitamin C content of ugu from 62.50 mg/100g to 6.47 mg/100g (89.65%) and bitter leaf from 42.40 mg/100g to 4.28 mg/100g (89.90%). Squeeze-washing followed by boiling of bitter leaf reduced the Vitamin C content from 42.40 mg/100g to 2 .18 mg/100g recording the highest loss of 94.90% when compared with other processing methods.