LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A national study of chaplaincy services and end-of-life outcomes

BACKGROUND
Medicine has long acknowledged the role of chaplains in healthcare, but there is little research on the relationship between chaplaincy care and health outcomes. The present study examines the association between chaplaincy services and end-of-life care service choices.


METHODS
HealthCare Chaplaincy purchased the AHA survey database from the American Hospital Association. The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care database was provided to HealthCare Chaplaincy by The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, with the permission of Dartmouth Atlas Co-Principal Investigator Elliot S. Fisher, M.D., M.P.H. The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care is available interactively on-line at http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/. Patient data are aggregated at the hospital level in the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. IRB approval was not sought for the project because the data are available to the public through one means or another, and neither database contains data about individual patients, i.e. all the variables are measures of hospital characteristics. We combined and analyzed data from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey and outcome data from The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care in a cross-sectional study of 3,585 hospitals. Two outcomes were examined: the percent of patients who (1) died in the hospital, and (2) were enrolled in hospice. Ordinary least squares regression was used to measure the association between the provision of chaplaincy services and each of the outcomes, controlling for six factors associated with hospital death rates.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The analyses found significantly lower rates of hospital deaths (β = .04, p < .05) and higher rates of hospice enrollment (β = .06, p < .001) for patients cared for in hospitals that provided chaplaincy services compared to hospitals that did not.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that chaplaincy services may play a role in increasing hospice enrollment. This may be attributable to chaplains' assistance to patients and families in making decisions about care at the end-of-life, perhaps by aligning their values and wishes with actual treatment plans. Additional research is warranted.
Drug Insight: continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Continuous dopaminergic stimulation is a therapeutic strategy for the management of Parkinson's disease, which proposes that dopaminergic agents that provide continuous stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors will delay or prevent the onset of levodopa-related motor complications. Dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia normally fire in a random but continuous manner, so that striatal dopamine concentrations are maintained at a relatively constant level. In the dopamine-depleted state, however, intermittent oral doses of levodopa induce discontinuous stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors. This pulsatile stimulation leads to molecular and physiologic changes in basal ganglia neurons and the development of motor complications. These effects are reduced or avoided when dopaminergic therapies are delivered in a more continuous and physiologic manner. Studies in primate models and patients with Parkinson's disease have shown that continuous or long-acting dopaminergic agents are associated with a decreased risk of motor complications compared with short-acting dopamine agonists or levodopa formulations. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation can be achieved with a continuous infusion, but infusion therapies are cumbersome and not likely to be acceptable to patients with early disease. The current challenge is to develop a long-acting oral formulation of levodopa that provides comparable anti-parkinsonian benefits without motor complications.
Classification of the harmonic structure in bird vocalization

The article is related to the development of techniques for automatic recognition of bird species by their sounds. It has been demonstrated earlier that a simple model of one time-varying sinusoid is very useful in classification and recognition of typical bird sounds. However, a large class of bird sounds are not pure sinusoids but have a clear harmonic spectrum structure. We introduce a way to classify bird syllables into four classes by their harmonic structure.
MR urography in children: current status and future development

The normal anatomy and many pathologies of the pediatric genitourinary system can be assessed with different imaging modalities. Most of them are based on the use of ionizing radiation and/or invasive techniques. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in this regard has opened new ways of approaching pathological conditions in this patient group. The addition of the newly developed rapid techniques has enhanced the superiority of MRI, and both morphological and functional evaluation of the genitourinary system can be achieved. There are different factors on which rely the optimization and the efficiency of magnetic resonance urography (MRU). Of importance is adequate patient immobilization and the use of optimal imaging sequences. The rapid technical development, including the advent of the post-processing respiratory navigator, allows acquisition of high-quality images independent of the patient's respiratory rate. In the future, it is expected that MRU, due to its non-use of ionizing radiation, will become the most important tool in the diagnostic work-up of genitourinary pathologies in infants and small children.
Relationship between breast milk sCD14, TGF-β1 and total IgA in the first month and development of eczema during infancy.

INTRODUCTION
The overall beneficial effects of breastfeeding for infants have been well documented, but its role in allergy prevention is controversial.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between breast milk immunomodulatory factors and subsequent development of eczema and atopic sensitization in the first year of life.


METHODS
Day 7 and 28 breast milk samples were collected from mothers carrying infants at high risk of allergic disease. Aqueous-phase breast milk samples were assayed for TGF-β1, sCD14 and total IgA. Infants were assessed for the presence of eczema and atopic sensitization at 12 months of age. The levels of breast milk TGF-β1, sCD14 and total IgA were compared in infants who subsequently developed eczema and sensitization in the first year and those who did not.


RESULTS
The levels of breast milk sCD14, total IgA, and TGF-β1 at either day 7 or 28 were not associated with subsequent development of eczema or atopic sensitization during the first year of life.


CONCLUSION
Levels of breast milk immune parameters were not associated with eczema outcomes or sensitization in infants at 12 months. This suggests that apparent immunological effects on breast milk immunomodulatory factors may not necessarily lead to clinical benefits, and these immune markers may not be critical determinants of allergic disease in infancy.
The potential of MRI-guided online adaptive re-optimisation in radiotherapy of urinary bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) using plan selection is being introduced clinically for bladder cancer, but the challenge of how to compensate for intra-fractional motion remains. The purpose of this study was to assess target coverage with respect to intra-fractional motion and the potential for normal tissue sparing in MRI-guided ART (MRIGART) using isotropic (MRIGARTiso), an-isotropic (MRIGARTanIso) and population-based margins (MRIGARTpop).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine bladder cancer patients treated in a phase II trial of plan selection underwent 6-7 weekly repeat MRI series, each with volumetric scans acquired over a 10 min period. Adaptive re-planning on the 0 min MRI scans was performed using density override, simulating a hypo-fractionated schedule. Target coverage was evaluated on the 10 min scan to quantify the impact of intra-fractional motion.


RESULTS
MRIGARTanIso reduced the course-averaged PTV by median 304 cc compared to plan selection. Bladder shifts affected target coverage in individual fractions for all strategies. Two patients had a v95% of the bladder below 98% for MRIGARTiso. MRIGARTiso decreased the bowel V25 with 15-46 cc compared to MRIGARTpop.


CONCLUSION
Online re-optimised ART has a considerable normal tissue sparing potential. MRIGART with online corrections for target shift during a treatment fraction should be considered in ART for bladder cancer.
Pattern recognition: Historical perspective and future directions

Pattern recognition is one of the most important functionalities for intelligent behavior and is displayed by both biological and artificial systems. Pattern recognition systems have four major components: data acquisition and collection, feature extraction and representation, similarity detection and pattern classifier design, and performance evaluation. In addition, pattern recognition systems are successful to the extent that they can continuously adapt and learn from examples; the underlying framework for building such systems is predictive learning. The pattern recognition problem is a special case of the more general problem of statistical regression; it seeks an approximating function that minimizes the probability of misclassification. In this framework, data representation requires the specification of a basis set of approximating functions. Classification requires an inductive principle to design and model the classifier and an optimization or learning procedure for classifier parameter estimation. Pattern recognition also involves categorization: making sense of patterns not previously seen. The sections of this paper deal with the categorization and functional approximation problems; the four components of a pattern recognition system; and trends in predictive learning, feature selection using “natural” bases, and the use of mixtures of experts in classification. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 101–116, 2000
Positivity Bias in Customer Satisfaction Ratings

Customer ratings are valuable sources to understand their satisfaction and are critical for designing better customer experiences and recommendations. The majority of customers, however, do not respond to rating surveys, which makes the result less representative. To understand overall satisfaction, this paper aims to investigate how likely customers without responses had satisfactory experiences compared to those respondents. To infer customer satisfaction of such unlabeled sessions, we propose models using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that learn continuous representations of unstructured text conversation. By analyzing online chat logs of over 170,000 sessions from Samsung’s customer service department, we make a novel finding that while labeled sessions contributed by a small fraction of customers received overwhelmingly positive reviews, the majority of unlabeled sessions would have received lower ratings by customers. The data analytics presented in this paper not only have practical implications for helping detect dissatisfied customers on live chat services but also make theoretical contributions on discovering the level of biases in online rating platforms. ACM Reference Format: Kunwoo Park, Meeyoung Cha, and Eunhee Rhim. 2018. Positivity Bias in Customer Satisfaction Ratings. InWWW ’18 Companion: The 2018 Web Conference Companion, April 23–27, 2018, Lyon, France. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3186579
An empirically-grounded framework for the information systems development process

It is generally taken as axiomatic that systems development methodologies play a useful role in guiding the systems development process, and that their increased adoption would improve the process and product of systems development. This paper summarises the arguments and pressures which support the use of methodologies. However, the problems associated with the use of methodologies have not perhaps received as much attention in previous research. A number of factors are identified in the paper which question the value of methodologies. These dichotomous arguments— in favour of and against the use of methodologies—bring about a dilemma for systems developers as to whether to adopt a formalised development methodology or not. This research study was therefore concerned with investigating the nature of systems development and the use and role of systems development methodologies in actual practice. The study adopted a comprehensive multi-phased research strategy. Firstly, the researcher’s commercial experience as a systems developer, coupled with a detailed examination of the literature, and a pilot study involving personal interviews with experienced developers in 5 organisations were drawn upon to validate and refine the research objective. The next stage of the research involved a postal survey of developers in 776 organisations. Quantitative statistical techniques were used to analyse the survey responses. Following this, the final phase of the research involved a field study comprising personal interviews with 16 experienced practitioners in eight organisations. The field interview data was analysed in a qualitative manner so as to elucidate and elaborate on the survey findings. Based on the research findings, the paper presents an empirically-grounded framework which describes the development 1 Full reference: Fitzgerald, B. (1998) An Empirical Investigation into the Adoption of Systems Development Methodologies, Information & Management, Vol. 34, pp. 317-328. process as it pertains in modern organisations. The components of the framework are discussed in detail and relevant implications are identified.
A database of microsatellite genotypes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A system for genotyping Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described based on a multiplex of ten microsatellite loci and the MAT locus. A database of genotypes has been developed for 246 yeast strains, including a large set of commercial wine yeasts, as well as 35 sequenced natural isolates currently being sequenced. The latter allow us, for the first time, to make direct comparisons of the relationship between DNA sequence data and microsatellite-based genotypes. The genotyping system provides a rapid and valuable system for strain identification as well as studying population genetics of S. cerevisiae.
The generalized Crewther relation in QCD and its experimental consequences

Abstract We use the BLM scale-fixing prescription to derive a renormalization-scheme invariant relation between the coefficient function for the Bjorken sum rule for polarized deep inelastic scattering and the R -ratio for the e + e − annihilation cross section. This relation provides a generalization of the Crewther relation to non-conformally invariant gauge theories. The derived relations allow one to calculate unambiguously without renormalization scale or scheme ambiguity the effective charges of the polarized Bjorken and the Gross-Llewellen Smith sum rules from the experimental value for the effective charge associated with R -ratio. Present data are consistent with the generalized Crewther relations, but measurements at higher precision and energies will be needed to decisively test these fundamental relations in QCD.
Characteristics and survival to discharge of patients with STEMI between a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital: a prospective observational study.

INTRODUCTION
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is a key therapeutic method in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We studied the characteristics and survival to discharge in STEMI patients who presented in a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This prospective observational study included 240 consecutive patients. One basic questionnaire was distributed along with an explanatory letter to the participants, who were followed until discharge from the hospital or death.


RESULTS
Of the 240 patients, 234 (97.5%) survived to hospital discharge. Only 6 (5%) patients who were initially presented to a non-PPCI hospital died after inter-facility transfer. Also, 36 (92.3%) of the 39 patients with an intervening time of over 90 min were admitted initially in a non-PPCI hospital. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between the type of the hospital and the delay from the onset of symptoms to PPCI (P=0.001), such correlation was not found between the delay PPCI and the outcome of the patients (P>0.05).


CONCLUSION
Patients with STEMI may be transferred to a non-PPCI hospital due to the lack of prehospital triage. However, prompt inter-facility transfer results in good outcome.
Integrating financial and physical supply chains : the role of banks in enabling supply chain integration

Purpose – The financial supply chain, running parallel to the flow of goods and information, is common to all economic supply networks, and its integration with the physical supply chain is therefore a critical and ubiquitous aspect of supply chain integration (SCI) largely ignored in the literature. This paper aims to develop a model of physical and financial SCI, which is based on a process view from both buyers’ and suppliers’ perspectives, and explores the role of banks in enabling SCI. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports an exploratory study of the role of banks in improving SCI, by presenting a case study analysis of two international banks. Findings – The findings show that banks can support buyers and suppliers by contributing to the enablers of SCI, namely coordination, collaboration, information sharing and information visibility. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited in that it is explorative; further studies are required in order to quantify the impact of banks’ interventions on SCI. Practical implications – Improved SCI requires an understanding of the flow of physical and financial resources across supply networks. Banks can help buyers and suppliers develop a more holistic understanding of the supply chain, thus improving integration and optimising working capital. Originality/value – The paper presents a process model of physical/financial SCI which uniquely recognises the role of banks in enabling buyers and suppliers to improve SCI, synchronisation and performance.
Motivation in Software Engineering: A systematic literature review

Objective: In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of motivation in Software Engineering. The objective of this review is to plot the landscape of current reported knowledge in terms of what motivates developers, what de-motivates them and how existing models address motivation. Methods: We perform a systematic literature review of peer reviewed published studies that focus on motivation in Software Engineering. Systematic reviews are well established in medical research and are used to systematically analyse the literature addressing specific research questions. Results: We found 92 papers related to motivation in Software Engineering. Fifty-six percent of the studies reported that Software Engineers are distinguishable from other occupational groups. Our findings suggest that Software Engineers are likely to be motivated according to three related factors: their ‘characteristics’ (for example, their need for variety); internal ‘controls’ (for example, their personality) and external ‘moderators’ (for example, their career stage). The literature indicates that de-motivated engineers may leave the organisation or take more sick-leave, while motivated engineers will increase their productivity and remain longer in the organisation. Aspects of the job that motivate Software Engineers include problem solving, working to benefit others and technical challenge. Our key finding is that the published models of motivation in Software Engineering are disparate and do not reflect the complex needs of Software Engineers in their career stages, cultural and environmental settings. Conclusions: The literature on motivation in Software Engineering presents a conflicting and partial picture of the area. It is clear that motivation is context dependent and varies from one engineer to another. The most commonly cited motivator is the job itself, yet we found very little work on what it is about that job that Software Engineers find motivating. Furthermore, surveys are often aimed at how Software Engineers feel about ‘the organisation’, rather than ‘the profession’. Although models of motivation in Software Engineering are reported in the literature, they do not account for the changing roles and environment in which Software Engineers operate. Overall, our findings indicate that there is no clear understanding of the Software Engineers’ job, what motivates Software Engineers, how they are motivated, or the outcome and benefits of motivating Software Engineers. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Managing data and design process in engineering development

A software system model is described which provides effective management of documentation development. The system is particularly well suited for a variety of computer-aided engineering development environments. The system combines for the first time the management of the data files and the development process which creates the files.
Exploration of microbial diversity and evolution through cultivation independent phylogenomics

Our understanding of microbial evolution is largely dependent on available genomic data of diverse organisms. Yet, genome-sequencing efforts have mostly ignored the diverse uncultivable majority in ...
Health status measured by the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) improves following post-acute pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with advanced COPD: a prospective observational study

Aims:To evaluate outcomes of the Clinical Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Questionnaire (CCQ) in patients with advanced COPD admitted for a post-acute pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme and to relate (change in) health status to lung function, degree of dyspnoea and (change in) functional capacity.Methods:This is a prospective observational study in patients with advanced COPD admitted for a post-acute PR programme in a skilled nursing facility. Health status (CCQ) and functional capacity were measured before and after rehabilitation.Results:Health status measured by the CCQ was severely impaired and showed significant and clinically relevant improvement during the post-acute PR programme. Moderate to strong correlations were found between CCQ scores and functional capacity on admission and at discharge. Moderate correlations were found between improvement in CCQ scores and improvement in functional capacity. No correlation was found between CCQ scores and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted).Conclusions:Health status measured by the CCQ improves following a post-acute PR programme in patients with advanced COPD and correlates with improvement in functional capacity. These results suggest that the CCQ is sensitive to change in response to PR in this specific group of patients.
The role of eating and emotion in binge eating disorder and loss of control eating.

OBJECTIVE
Binge eating, defined as the consumption of large amounts of food during which a sense of loss of control (LOC) is experienced, is associated with negative affect. However, there are no data on the experience of LOC after accounting for the effects of negative affect and caloric intake.


METHOD
Nine adult patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and 13 obese nonbinge eating disorder (NBED) participants carried a palmtop computer for 7 days, rating momentary mood and sense of LOC multiple times each day. Electronic food logs were collected once daily.


RESULTS
After removing the effects of caloric intake and negative affect, a significant group difference was observed for ratings of LOC between BED and NBED participants.


DISCUSSION
These findings suggest the experience of LOC in adults with BED is a salient feature of binge episodes, beyond that explained by caloric intake and momentary affect.