LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Address Spoofing Attacks in Hybrid SDN

Address spoofing attacks like ARP spoofing and DDoS attacks are mostly launched in a networking environment to degrade the performance. These attacks sometimes break down the network services before the administrator comes to know about the attack condition. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a novel network architecture in which date plane is isolated from the control plane. Control plane is implemented at a central device called controller. But, SDN paradigm is not commonly used due to some constraints like budget, limited skills to control SDN, the flexibility of traditional protocols. To get SDN benefits in a traditional network, a limited number of SDN devices can be deployed among legacy devices. This technique is called hybrid SDN. In this paper, we propose a new approach to automatically detect the attack condition and mitigate that attack in hybrid SDN. We represent the network topology in the form of a graph. A graph based traversal mechanism is adopted to indicate the location of the attacker. Simulation results show that our approach enhances the network efficiency and improves the network security Keywords—Communication system security; Network Security; ARP Spoofing Introduction
Big data in precision agriculture: Weather forecasting for future farming

This paper gives an idea about how to discover additional insights from precision agriculture data through big data approach. We present a scenario for the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services in agricultural big data environment to collect huge data. Big data analytics in agriculture applications provide a new insight to give advance weather decisions, improve yield productivity and avoid unnecessary cost related to harvesting, use of pesticide and fertilizers. Paper list out the different sources of big data in precision agriculture using ICT components and types of structured and unstructured data. Also discussed big data in precision agriculture, an ICT scenario for agricultural big data, platform, its future applications and challenges in precision agriculture. Finally, we have discussed results using a programming model and distributed algorithm for data processing and forecasting application of weather.
Developing an Evaluation Framework for Blockchain in the Public Sector : The Example of the German Asylum Process

The public sector presents several promising applications for blockchain technology. Global organizations and innovative ministries in countries such as Dubai, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, and Germany have recognized these potentials and have initiated projects to evaluate the adoption of blockchain technology. As these projects can have a farreaching impact on crucial government services and processes, they should involve a particularly thorough evaluation. In this paper, we provide insights into the development of a framework to support such an evaluation for the German asylum process. We built this framework evolutionarily together with the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Its final version consists of three levels and eighteen categories of evaluation criteria across the technical, functional and legal domains and allows specifying use-case specific key performance indicators or knockout criteria. Author
Quality of Life in Hormone Receptor–Positive HER-2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients During Treatment with Letrozole Alone or in Combination with Lapatinib

BACKGROUND
A phase III trial compared lapatinib plus letrozole (L + Let) with letrozole plus placebo (Let) as first-line therapy for hormone receptor (HR)(+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. The primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients whose tumors were human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2(+) was significantly longer for L + Let than for Let (8.2 months versus 3 months; p = .019). This analysis focuses on quality of life (QOL) in the HER-2(+) population.


METHODS
QOL was assessed at screening, every 12 weeks, and at withdrawal using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Changes from baseline were analyzed and the proportions of patients achieving minimally important differences in QOL scores were compared. Additional exploratory analyses evaluated how QOL changes reflected tumor progression status.


RESULTS
Among the 1,286 patients randomized, 219 had HER-2(+) tumors. Baseline QOL scores were comparable in the two arms. Mean changes in QOL scores were generally stable over time for patients who stayed on study. The average change from baseline on the FACT-B total score in both arms was positive at all scheduled visits through week 48. There was no significant difference between the two treatment arms in the percentage of QOL responders.


CONCLUSION
The addition of lapatinib to letrozole led to a significantly longer PFS interval while maintaining QOL during treatment, when compared with letrozole alone, thus confirming the clinical benefit of the combination therapy in the HR(+) HER-2(+) MBC patient population. This all oral regimen provides an effective option in this patient population, delaying the need for chemotherapy and its accompanying side effects.
Multi-vehicle path planning in dynamically changing environments

In this paper, we propose a path planning method for nonholonomic multi-vehicle system in presence of moving obstacles. The objective is to find multiple fixed length paths for multiple vehicles with the following properties: (i) bounded curvature (ii) obstacle avoidant (iii) collision free. Our approach is based on polygonal approximation of a continuous curve. Using this idea, we formulate an arbitrarily fine relaxation of the path planning problem as a nonconvex feasibility optimization problem. Then, we propound a nonsmooth dynamical systems approach to find feasible solutions of this optimization problem. It is shown that the trajectories of the nonsmooth dynamical system always converge to some equilibria that correspond to the set of feasible solutions of the relaxed problem. The proposed framework can handle more complex mission scenarios for multi-vehicle systems such as rendezvous and area coverage.
Late cognitive and radiographic changes related to radiotherapy: initial prospective findings.

BACKGROUND
Assumptions about the damaging effects of radiotherapy (XRT) are based on studies in which total dose, dose fraction, treatment volume, degree of malignancy, chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and neurologic comorbidity interact with XRT effects. This is a prospective, long-term study of XRT effects in adults, in which total dose and dose fraction were constrained and data related to tumor recurrence and neurologic comorbidity (e.g., hypertension) were excluded.


METHODS
The effects of XRT on the cognitive and radiographic outcomes of 26 patients with low-grade, supratentorial, brain tumors yearly from baseline (6 weeks after surgery and immediately before XRT) and yearly to 6 years were examined. Radiographic findings were examined regionally.


RESULTS
Selective cognitive declines (in visual memory) emerged only at 5 years, whereas ratings of clinical MRI (T2 images) showed mild accumulation of hyperintensities with post-treatment onset from 6 months to 3 years, with no further progression. White matter atrophy and total hyperintensities demonstrated this effect, with subcortical and deep white matter, corpus callosum, cerebellar structures, and pons accounting for these changes over time. About half of the patients demonstrated cognitive decline and treatment-related hyperintensities.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence of a general cognitive decline or progression of white matter changes after 3 years. Results argue for limited damage from XRT at this frequently used dose and volume in the absence of other clinical risk factors.
Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with cancer newly admitted to hospice home care.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationships between quality of life (QOL) and symptom distress, pain intensity, dyspnea intensity, and constipation intensity in people with advanced cancer who were newly admitted to hospice home care.


DESIGN
Descriptive and correlational.


SETTING
A large hospice that provides primarily home care.


SAMPLE
178 adult hospice homecare patients with cancer who were accrued to a clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health focusing on symptom management and QOL. Patients were excluded if they received a score lower than seven on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.


METHOD
The patients were invited to participate in the clinical trial within 48 hours of admission to hospice home care. Among the questionnaires they completed were a QOL index and a distress scale. Scales measuring present intensity of pain, dyspnea, and constipation also were administered.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
QOL, symptom distress, pain intensity, dyspnea intensity, and constipation intensity.


FINDINGS
The most frequently reported symptoms among the sample were lack of energy, pain, dry mouth, and shortness of breath. Lack of energy caused the greatest distress, followed closely by dry mouth and pain. The results of the regression analysis indicated that total distress score, pain intensity, dyspnea intensity, and constipation intensity were related to QOL at the univariate level. When all predictors were considered simultaneously, only the total distress score remained a significant predictor of QOL (p< 0.001), accounting for about 35% of variance.


CONCLUSIONS
QOL was affected by symptom distress in people with advanced cancer near the end of life.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
The symptoms most commonly reported and those that cause the greatest patient distress should be addressed first by hospice nurses. Continued effort is needed in the important area of symptom management.
Validation of the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system for gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND
The seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification for gastric cancer was published in 2010 and included major revisions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the validity of the seventh edition TNM classification for gastric cancer based on an Asian population.


METHODS
A total of 2916 gastric cancer patients who underwent R0 surgical resection from 1989 through 2008 in a single institute were included, and were analyzed according to the seventh edition of the TNM classification for validation.


RESULTS
When adjusted using the seventh edition of the TNM classification, upstaging was observed in 771 patients (26.4%) and downstaging was observed in 178 patients (6.1%) compared with the sixth edition of the TNM classification. The relative risk (RR) of seventh edition pT classification was found to be increased with regular intensity compared with the sixth edition pT classification. The RR of seventh edition pN classification was found to be increased with irregular intensity compared with the sixth edition pN classification. In survival analysis, there were significant differences noted for each stage of disease, but only a marginal difference was demonstrated between stage IA and stage IB (P = .049). In the hybrid TNM classification, which combines the seventh edition pT classification and the sixth edition pN classification, both pT and pN classifications demonstrated a more ideal distribution of the RR, and 5-year survival rates also showed a significant difference for each stage (P <.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The seventh edition of the TNM classification was considered valid based on the results of the current study. However, the hybrid TNM classification, comprised of a combination of the seventh edition pT classification and sixth edition pN classification, should be considered for the next edition.
A survey and taxonomy of approaches for mining software repositories in the context of software evolution

A comprehensive literature survey on approaches for mining software repositories (MSR) in the context of software evolution is presented. In particular, this survey deals with those investigations that examine multiple versions of software artifacts or other temporal information. A taxonomy is derived from the analysis of this literature and presents the work via four dimensions: the type of software repositories mined (what), the purpose (why), the adopted/invented methodology used (how), and the evaluation method (quality). The taxonomy is demonstrated to be expressive (i.e., capable of representing a wide spectrum of MSR investigations) and effective (i.e., facilitates similarities and comparisons of MSR investigations). Lastly, a number of open research issues in MSR that require further investigation are identified. Copyright c © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON A STOCHASTIC FIRST-ORDER HYPERBOLIC EQUATION IN A BOUNDED DOMAIN

In this paper, we are interested in the stochastic perturbation of a first order hyperbolic equation of nonlinear type. In order to illustrate our purposes, we have chosen a scalar conservation law in a bounded domain with homogeneous Dirichlet condition on the boundary. Using the concept of measure-valued solutions and Kruzhkov’s entropy formulation, a result of existence and uniqueness of the entropy solution is given. keywords : Stochastic PDE, first-order hyperbolic problems, bounded domain, Young measures, Kruzhkov’s entropy. AMS Subject Classification: 35L60 60H15 35L50
A measure of agility as the complexity of the enterprise system

Agility is the ability of an organization to adapt to change and also to seize opportunities that become available due to change. While there has been much work and discussion of what agility is and how firms can become agile there is little work at measuring the agility of a firm. Measurement is necessary for the strategic planning of determining how much agility an organization currently posses, determining how much is needed, and then for assessing the gap and formulating a strategy for closing any perceived weaknesses. The measurement of agility as defined is difficult to measure since it must be measured in the context of a change. Consequently, most current agility measurement approaches are backward looking. A different and novel approach is to use complexity as a surrogate measure for agility. The hypothesis supporting this substitution is that a less complex enterprise in terms of systems and processes is easier to change and consequently more agile. To test this idea a model and measurement approach for measuring complexity is presented. The model uses Petri Nets to find the state space probabilities needed for the complexity measure. The contribution of this research is the quantification of complexity at the business process level and description of a method for conducting this measure. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Children with congenital spastic hemiplegia obey Fitts’ Law in a visually guided tapping task

Fitts’ Law is commonly found to apply to motor tasks involving precise aiming movements. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have severe difficulties in such tasks and it is unknown whether they obey Fitts’ Law despite their motor difficulties. If Fitts’ Law still does apply to these children, this would indicate that this law is extremely robust and that even performance of children with damaged central nervous systems can adhere to it. The integrity of motor control processes in spastic CP is usually tested in complex motor tasks, making it difficult to determine whether poor performance is due to a motor output deficit or to problems related to cognitive processes since both affect movement precision. In the present study a simple task was designed to evaluate Fitts’ Law. Tapping movements were evaluated in 22 children with congenital spastic hemiplegia (CSH) and 22 typically developing children. Targets (2.5 and 5 cm in width) were placed at distances of 10 and 20 cm from each other in order to provide Indices of Difficulty (ID) of 2–4 bits. Using this Fitts’ aiming task, prolonged reaction and movement time (MT) were found in the affected hand under all conditions in children with CSH as compared to controls. Like in the control group, MT in children with CSH was related to ID. The intercept ‘a’, corresponding to the time required to realize a tapping movement, was higher in the affected hand of the children in the CSH group. Although, the slope b (which reflects the sensitivity of the motor system to a change in difficulty of the task) and the reciprocal of slope (that represents the cognitive information processing capacity, expressed in bits/s) were similar in both groups. In conclusion, children with CSH obey Fitts’ Law despite very obvious limitations in fine motor control.
PHASED ARRAY DESIGN FOR BIOLOGICAL CLUTTER REJECTION: SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

Radar studies of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have become widespread since the advent of relatively inexpensive and compact profiling radars [Ecklund et al., 1988], termed boundary layer radars (BLR). Arguably, one of the most sophisticated of these type of radar systems is the so-called Turbulent Eddy Profiler (TEP), which was developed at the University of Massachusetts [Mead et al., 1998; Pollard et al., 2000]. The TEP system is a volumetric radar designed for clear-air observations with high temporal and spatial resolution comparable to the grid size used in Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models [Lilly, 1967; Wyngaard et al., 1998]. The multi-receiver design of the TEP radar allows offline digital beamforming to construct volumetric images and is capable of acquiring measurements at altitudes up to 3 km, depending upon atmospheric conditions. Imaging radars, including the TEP radar, help researchers and scientists to enhance their understanding of small-scale structure of the atmosphere. In addition to lower atmospheric measurements, imaging radars are also important for studies of other regions of the atmosphere, such as the mesosphere [Yu et al., 2001; Hysell et al., 2002], stratosphere [Rao et al., 1995], and the ionosphere [Hysell, 1996; Hysell and Woodman, 1997]. For coherent radar imaging (CRI), signals from each of the receiver elements are combined to form a beam pointing in the direction of interest. The coherently combined signals allow spectral moments to be extracted from the beam pointing direction. This technique is known as beamforming. By changing the beamforming weights, signals from arbitrary directions can be extracted. The beamforming weights can also be data adaptive. This allows suppression of strong signals outside the region of interest. With a high spatial resolution radar system such as the TEP, many narrow beams can be formed over the field of view, providing tremendous detail in the imaging area. Pioneering work in spatial in-
Missing data in value-added modeling of teacher effects

The increasing availability of longitudinal student achievement data has heightened interest among researchers, educators and policy makers in using these data to evaluate educational inputs, as well as for school and possibly teacher accountability. Researchers have developed elaborate “value-added models” of these longitudinal data to estimate the effects of educational inputs (e.g., teachers or schools) on student achievement while using prior achievement to adjust for nonrandom assignment of students to schools and classes. A challenge to such modeling efforts is the extensive numbers of students with incomplete records and the tendency for those students to be lower achieving. These conditions create the potential for results to be sensitive to violations of the assumption that data are missing at random, which is commonly used when estimating model parameters. The current study extends recent value-added modeling approaches for longitudinal student achievement data Lockwood et al. [J. Educ. Behav. Statist. 32 (2007) 125–150] to allow data to be missing not at random via random effects selection and pattern mixture models, and applies those methods to data from a large urban school district to estimate effects of elementary school mathematics teachers. We find that allowing the data to be missing not at random has little impact on estimated teacher effects. The robustness of estimated teacher effects to the missing data assumptions appears to result from both the relatively small impact of model specification on estimated student effects compared with the large variability in teacher effects and the downweighting of scores from students with incomplete data.
Antennas for Digital Television Receivers in Mobile Terminals

The incorporation of new services in handheld devices, such as the Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H) operating at the lower ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band poses a challenge for antenna designers. Wideband small antennas or electrically tunable narrowband small antennas are needed to fulfil the performance requirement. It is well known that below 900 MHz the operation of embedded mobile terminal antennas is based on utilizing the whole structure of the terminal as a radiator. However, even this way reaching the whole required impedance bandwidth of about 46% at about 0.61-GHz center frequency is possible only either with clamshell-type terminals used as thick dipoles by feeding them from the hinge or with “large tablet”-sized terminals. With the popular smartphone-sized terminals with a monoblock structure the available bandwidth with good total efficiency is clearly smaller. We study the options to implement antennas for smartphone-type mobiles for receiving digital TV broadcasts at about 0.47-0.75-GHz frequencies. The mainly studied technology is the nonresonant capacitive coupling element (CCE)-type antennas having one of the smallest achieved volume-to-bandwidth ratios. We show that for a fixed-frequency antenna with a volume of less than a few cubic centimeters the total efficiency will become rather low due to moderate matching level, but the requirement of the DVB-H standard for the realized gain can easily be met. Additionally, we show that by having switching between two bands, one can implement a dual-antenna configuration with small total volume and significant multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) gain. Furthermore, we study the very important effect of the user's hands on the antenna performance and find that the effect can range from some increase of the total efficiency due to improved matching to significant losses caused by the hands. Finally, we propose some possible ways ahead in solving this very challenging antenna design problem.
9 Sterilization by Gamma Irradiation

Sterilization is defined as any process that effectively kills or eliminates almost all microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms. There are many different sterilization methods depending on the purpose of the sterilization and the material that will be sterilized. The choice of the sterilization method alters depending on materials and devices for giving no harm. These sterilization methods are mainly: dry heat sterilization, pressured vapor sterilization, ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization, formaldehyde sterilization, gas plasma (H2O2 ) sterilization, peracetic acid sterilization, e-beam sterilization and gamma sterilization.