LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practices Related to Screening for Breast Cancer among Women in Delhi, India

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem globally. The ongoing epidemiological, socio-cultural
and demographic transition by accentuating the associated risk factors has disproportionately increased the incidence
of breast cancer cases and resulting mortality in developing countries like India. Early diagnosis with rapid initiation
of treatment reduces breast cancer mortality. Therefore awareness of breast cancer risk and a willingness to undergo
screening are essential. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practices relating to screening
for breast cancer among women in Delhi. Methods: Data were obtained from 222 adult women using a pretested selfadministered
questionnaire. Results: Rates for knowledge of known risk factors of breast cancer were: family history
of breast cancer, 59.5%; smoking, 57.7%; old age, 56.3%; lack of physical exercise, 51.9%; lack of breastfeeding,
48.2%; late menopause, 37.4%; and early menarche, 34.7%. Women who were aged < 30 and those who were unmarried
registered significantly higher knowledge scores (p ≤ 0.01). Breast self-examination (BSE) was regularly practiced
at-least once a month by 41.4% of the participants. Some 48% knew mammography has a role in the early detection
of breast cancer. Since almost three-fourths of the participants believed BSE could help in early diagnosis of breast
cancer, which is not supported by evidence, future studies should explore the consequences of promoting BSE at the
potential expense of screening mammography. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for awareness generation
among adult women regarding risk factors and methods for early detection of breast cancer.
Ultrafast graphene photodetector

We demonstrate ultrafast transistor-based photodetectors made from single- and few-layer graphene. The photoresponse does not degrade for optical intensity modulations up to 40 GHz, and further analysis suggests that the intrinsic bandwidth may exceed 500 GHz.
Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4 for Cyber-Physical Systems

With rapid advancements in sensing, networking, and computing technologies, recent years have witnessed the emergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in a broad range of application domains. CPS is a new class of engineered systems that features the integration of computation, communications, and control. In contrast to general-purpose computing systems, many cyber-physical applications are safety-cricial. These applications impose considerable requirements on quality of service (QoS) of the employed networking infrastruture. Since IEEE 802.15.4 has been widely considered as a suitable protocol for CPS over wireless sensor and actuator networks, it is of vital importance to evaluate its performance extensively. Serving for this purpose, this paper will analyze the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 standard operating in different modes respectively. Extensive simulations have been conducted to examine how network QoS will be impacted by some critical parameters. The results are presented and analyzed, which provide some useful insights for network parameter configuration and optimization for CPS design. Keywords-Cyber-physical systems; IEEE 802.15.4; quality of service; performance analysis; MAC protocol
Determinants of variation in the cost of inpatient stays versus outpatient visits in hospitals: a multi-country analysis.

Information on hospital costs is key to many types of economic and financial analyses, yet many countries lack reliable estimates due partly to the time and resources required to undertake detailed costing studies. Accordingly, some analysts have used simple rules of thumb to estimate hospital unit costs, e.g., total hospital costs are allocated between departments assuming that the cost of an inpatient day equals a fixed number of outpatient visits. This paper first explores the extent to which these simple rules apply within and across countries. It then identifies determinants of variation in the relationship between the cost of outpatient visits and inpatient days, then uses the estimated relationship to calculate average costs of inpatient and outpatient stays for countries where data are not yet available. Cost information from 832 hospitals in 28 countries are used. We show that simple rules of thumb do not prove to be an accurate basis for cost estimates. The ratio of inpatient to outpatient unit costs varies with GDP per capita, hospital size, ownership, and occupancy rate. We show how the estimated relationship can be used to calculate a mean cost of inpatient stays and outpatient visits, taking into account differences in the levels of key determinants, and argue that, in the absence of a representative sample of hospital costing studies, this method can be used to estimate unit costs in the interim. Moreover, we suggest that the observed great variation in unit costs for similar hospitals in the same country means that this method might well be preferable to basing policy advice on the results of costing studies that cover only one, or a few hospitals, which might well be outliers.
Automated docking using a Lamarckian genetic algorithm and an empirical binding free energy function

A novel and robust automated docking method that predicts the bound conformations of flexible ligands to macromolecular targets has been developed and tested, in combination with a new scoring function that estimates the free energy change upon binding. Interestingly, this method applies a Lamarckian model of genetics, in which environmental adaptations of an individual’s phenotype are reverse transcribed into its genotype and become Ž . heritable traits sic . We consider three search methods, Monte Carlo simulated annealing, a traditional genetic algorithm, and the Lamarckian genetic algorithm, and compare their performance in dockings of seven protein�ligand test systems having known three-dimensional structure. We show that both the traditional and Lamarckian genetic algorithms can handle ligands with more degrees of freedom than the simulated annealing method used in earlier versions of AUTODOCK, and that the Lamarckian genetic algorithm is the most efficient, reliable, and successful of the three. The empirical free energy function was calibrated using a set of 30 structurally known protein�ligand complexes with experimentally determined binding constants. Linear regression analysis of the observed binding constants in terms of a wide variety of structure-derived molecular properties was performed. The final model had a residual standard �1 Ž �1 . error of 9.11 kJ mol 2.177 kcal mol and was chosen as the new energy Correspondence to: A. J. Olson; e-mail: olson@scripps.edu Contract�grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health, contract�grant numbers: GM48870, RR08065 ( ) Journal of Computational Chemistry, Vol. 19, No. 14, 1639�1662 1998 � 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CCC 0192-8651 / 98 / 141639-24
Dissolution point and isolation robustness: Robustness criteria for general cluster analysis methods

Two robustness criteria are presented that are applicable to general clustering methods. Robustness and stability in cluster analysis are not only data dependent, but even cluster dependent. Robustness is in the present paper defined as a property of not only the clustering method, but also of every individual cluster in a data set. The main principles are: (a) dissimilarity measurement of an original cluster with the most similar cluster in the induced clustering, (b) the dissolution point, which is an adaptation of the breakdown point concept to single clusters, (c) isolation robustness: given a clustering method, is it possible to join, by addition of g points, arbitrarily well separated clusters? Results are derived about k-means, k-medoids (k estimated by average silhouette width), trimmed k-means, mixture models (with and without noise component, with and without estimation of the number of clusters by BIC), single and complete linkage. AMS 2000 subject classification: Primary 62F35; secondary 62H30.
Acute effects of suspended sediment angularity on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

To determine the roles of suspended sediment angularity and concentration as contributors to stress and mortality in salmonids, we exposed juvenile coho salmon ( O corhynchus kisutch ) to anthropogenically derived “extremely angular” and “round” silicate sediments over a range of concentrations in 96-h experiments. Stress responses (e.g., decreased leukocrit) were elicited by exposure to both sediment shapes when concentrations were >40 g·L–1, corresponding to the minimum concentration at which physical gill damage was observed. Extremely angular sediments also caused stress responses (e.g., elevated hematocrit, decreased leukocrit) at concentrations <41 g·L–1. However, we found no difference between sediment shapes in causing mortality at any sediment concentration. Further, mortalities were not observed until concentrations were about 100 g·L –1, a value that is about an order of magnitude greater than high natural concentrations in salmonid rivers. Natural fluvial suspended sediments cause fish stress and mortality at much lower concentrations than we found with our anthropogenically derived suspended sediments. Résumé: Pour déterminer les effets de l’angularité et de la concentration des sédiments en suspension en tant qu’agents de stress et facteurs de mortalité chez les salmonidés, nous avons exposé des saumons cohos ( Oncor ynchus kisutch) juvéniles à des sédiments de silicate d’origine anthropique « extrêmement anguleux » et « arrondi s » à es concentrations diverses dans des essais de 96 h. Un stress (p. ex., réduction du leucocrite) a été induit par l’exposition aux deux types de sédiments quand leurs concentrations étaient supérieures à 40 g·L –1, concentration minimale à laquelle des dommages physiques aux branchies ont été observés. Les sédiments extrêmement anguleux ont aussi causé un stress (p. ex., hématocrite élevé, leucocrite réduit) aux concentrations inférieures à 41 g·L –1. Cependant, les sédiments des deux types, à quelque concentration que ce soit, ne causaient pas une mortalité plus élevée l’un que l’autre. De plus, pour qu’il y ait mortalité, il fallait que les concentrations atteignent environ 100 g·L –1, soit une valeur environ dix fois supérieure aux concentrations naturelles élevées observées dans les rivières à saumon. Les sédiments naturels en suspension dans les cours d’eau causent un stress et peuvent tuer des poissons à des concentrations beaucoup plus faibles que celles des sédiments en suspension d’origine anthropique utilisés dans nos essais. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Lake and Hinch 867
Comparative Evaluation of Postoperative Pain and Success Rate after Pulpotomy and Root Canal Treatment in Cariously Exposed Mature Permanent Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain and success rate following pulpotomy and root canal treatment.


METHODOLOGY
Fifty-four permanent teeth with carious exposures were randomly divided equally into 2 groups. Mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy was performed in the experimental group and root canal treatment was performed in the control group, using standardized protocols. The treated teeth were restored with base of glass-ionomer cement followed by composite restoration. Pain was recorded every 24 hours for 7 days after intervention. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were done every 3 months for 18 months. The data collected were statistically analyzed.


RESULTS
At the end of follow-up, overall success rate was 85% in the pulpotomy group and 87.5% in the root canal treatment group (P > .05). Significant difference in pain incidence and pain reduction was found between the 2 groups (P < .05), with lower scores reported in the pulpotomy group.


CONCLUSION
Pulpotomy can be an alternative treatment for management of symptomatic permanent teeth with deep caries lesions.
Rapid switching of mood in families with familial bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE
Rapid switching of moods in bipolar disorder has been associated with early age at onset, panic comorbidity, and suicidality. This study aims to confirm these associations and investigate other potential correlates of rapid switching of mood using families from a multisite bipolar linkage study.


METHODS
The subjects were comprised of 1,143 probands and relatives with diagnosis of bipolar disorder. All subjects were interviewed directly with a standard diagnostic instrument, and all subjects who met criteria for bipolar disorder were asked if their moods had ever switched rapidly.


RESULTS
Individuals with rapid mood switching had significantly earlier age at onset (18 versus 21 years, p < 0.00001), higher comorbid anxiety (47% versus 26%, p < 0.00001) and substance use disorders (52% versus 42%, p = 0.0006), higher rate of violent behavior (6% versus 3%, p < 0.004), suicidal behavior (46% versus 31%, p < 0.00001), and nonsuicidal self-harm (13% versus 6%, p < 0.0002). Multiple logistic regression analysis found significant net effects on rapid mood switching for early emergence of symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-0.85]; anxiety comorbidity (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.34-3.98); and hypersensitivity to antidepressants (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.49-2.83) as the strongest predictors.


CONCLUSIONS
This confirms earlier reports associating rapid switching with a more complex clinical course, in particular early emergence of bipolar symptomatology, antidepressant activation, and anxiety comorbidity. These results support a clinical differentiation of bipolar disorder into subtypes based on symptom stability.
Comparison of the hypoglycemic effect of sitagliptin versus the combination of mitiglinide and voglibose in drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
The postprandial glucose (PPG) level is reduced by α-GIs, glinides and DPP4Is through different pharmacological actions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sitagliptin (S) versus that of the combination of mitiglinide and voglibose (M+V) on markers of glycemic control.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized cross-over trial was performed in 20 patients with drug-naïve type 2 diabetes. The patients were randomized to receive S (50 mg/day) or M+V (1 tablet 3 times daily). Treatment was continued for 8 weeks, after which they were switched to the other regimen and treated for another 8 weeks. At baseline, after the first regimen, and after the second regimen, a meal test was performed.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The markers of glycemic control were examined.


RESULTS
Reduction of glucose excursion was significantly greater with M+V than with S. HbA1c did not change with either regimen. However, 1,5-anhydroglucitol showed a significant increase from baseline with both regimens (7.9 ± 4.3 μg/ml at baseline vs. 10.6 ± 5.5 with S, p < 0.05 and 15.1 ± 6.2 with M+V, p < 0.01). Compared with baseline, glycoalbumin was significantly reduced by M+V, but not S (19.6 ± 2.9% at baseline vs. 17.3 ± 3.8% with M+V, p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
M+V achieved better control of PPG excursion than S.
Cognitive model and cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: an overview.

BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia causes great suffering for patients and families. Today, patients are treated with medications, but unfortunately many still have persistent symptoms and an impaired quality of life. During the last 20 years of research in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia, evidence has been found that the treatment is good for patients but it is not satisfactory enough, and more studies are being carried out hopefully to achieve further improvement.


PURPOSE
Clinical trials and meta-analyses are being used to try to prove the efficacy of CBT. In this article, we summarize recent research using the cognitive model for people with schizophrenia.


METHODS
A systematic search was carried out in PubMed (Medline). Relevant articles were selected if they contained a description of cognitive models for schizophrenia or psychotic disorders.


RESULTS
There is now evidence that positive and negative symptoms exist in a continuum, from normality (mild form and few symptoms) to fully developed disease (intensive form with many symptoms). Delusional patients have reasoning bias such as jumping to conclusions, and those with hallucination have impaired self-monitoring and experience their own thoughts as voices. Patients with negative symptoms have negative beliefs such as low expectations regarding pleasure and success. In the entire patient group, it is common to have low self-esteem.


CONCLUSIONS
The cognitive model integrates very well with the aberrant salience model. It takes into account neurobiology, cognitive, emotional and social processes. The therapist uses this knowledge when he or she chooses techniques for treatment of patients.
Generating Idempotents in Ideal Codes

Most of the codes used in engineering support a vector space structure (linear block codes) or becomes a submodule of a polynomial ring (convolutional codes). In the linear case, the benefits are amplified if we also consider the notion of cyclicity, since the ambient space is also endowed with an algebra structure and cyclic codes come to be ideals. Over convolutional codes, this notion requires something more sophisticated than a simple extension of the block one [1], and the underlying working algebra is no longer a polynomial ring but an skew polynomial ring A[z;σ] over a finite commutative semisimple algebra A. Very recently, in [3], these codes are called ideal codes and they are defined over Ore polynomial rings A[z;σ, δ], where A is a finite (possibly non-commutative) semisimple algebra. Nevertheless, effective algorithms are provided whenever A is a separable group algebra of a finite group over a finite field. In this work we aim to cover more examples, see Example 3, than the former papers by assuming certain mild conditions of separability in A, see Corollary 2. In particular, we prove that they are generated by an idempotent element. We also provide an algorithm for computing a generating idempotent, which in particular is applicable the ideal codes from [1]. For brevity, we only shall consider Ore polynomial rings A[z;σ, δ] where the σ-derivation δ = 0, albeit, under suitable conditions, our results remain true for an arbitrary δ. In our examples, except for 0 and 1, we shall write the elements of a finite field F as powers of a primitive element.
ICLES Two Beclin 1-binding proteins , Atg 14 L and Rubicon , reciprocally regulate autophagy at different stages

Beclin 1, a protein essential for autophagy, binds to hVps34/Class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and UVRAG. Here, we have identified two Beclin 1 associated proteins, Atg14L and Rubicon. Atg14L and UVRAG bind to Beclin 1 in a mutually exclusive manner, whereas Rubicon binds only to a subpopulation of UVRAG complexes; thus, three different Beclin 1 complexes exist. GFP– Atg14L localized to the isolation membrane and autophagosome, as well as to the ER and unknown puncta. Knockout of Atg14L in mouse ES cells caused a defect in autophagosome formation. GFP–Rubicon was localized at the endosome/lysosome. Knockdown of Rubicon caused enhancement of autophagy, especially at the maturation step, as well as enhancement of endocytic trafficking. These data suggest that the Beclin 1–hVps34 complex functions in two different steps of autophagy by altering the subunit composition.
Design Of Fuzzy Logic Traffic Controller For Isolated Intersections With Emergency Vehicle Priority System Using MATLAB Simulation

Traffic is the chief puzzle problem which every country faces because of the enhancement in number of vehicles throughout the world, especially in large urban towns. Hence the need arises for simulating and optimizing traffic control algorithms to better accommodate this increasing demand. Fuzzy optimization deals with finding the values of input parameters of a complex simulated system which result in desired output. This paper presents a MATLAB simulation of fuzzy logic traffic controller for controlling flow of traffic in isolated intersections. This controller is based on the waiting time and queue length of vehicles at present green phase and vehicles queue lengths at the other phases. The controller controls the traffic light timings and phase difference to ascertain sebaceous flow of traffic with least waiting time and queue length. In this paper, the isolated intersection model used consists of two alleyways in each approach. Every outlook has different value of queue length and waiting time, systematically, at the intersection. The maximum value of waiting time and vehicle queue length has to be selected by using proximity sensors as inputs to controller for the ameliorate control traffic flow at the intersection. An intelligent traffic model and fuzzy logic traffic controller are developed to evaluate the performance of traffic controller under different pre-defined conditions for oleaginous flow of traffic. Additionally, this fuzzy logic traffic controller has emergency vehicle siren sensors which detect emergency vehicle movement like ambulance, fire brigade, Police Van etc. and gives maximum priority to him and pass preferred signal to it. Keywords-Fuzzy Traffic Controller; Isolated Intersection; Vehicle Actuated Controller; Emergency Vehicle Selector.
A new trend for knowledge-based decision support systems design

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. A new trend for knowledge-based decision support systems design Pascale Zaraté, Shaofeng Liu
Low-SAR Path Discovery by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Body Area Networks

Sensor nodes in wireless body area networks are placed on the surface of the human skin or embedded inside the human body. When a transmitter sends packets, signals reach the receiver through the human body or skin. However, electric and magnetic field (EMF) radiation generated during packet transmission can lead to a negative influence on human health. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is defined as a measure of the amount of radio frequency energy absorbed by human tissue in units of mass. The higher the human body absorbs the value of the specific absorption rate, the more EMF radiation. Also, the degree of harm to human health is greater. This paper uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm to discover the optimal position of the relay node so that sensor nodes can send packets to the hub via the relay node through a path with the lowest SAR and the success rate of packet transmission thus can be improved.