LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
I hate you! Disinhibition with virtual partners

This paper presents a descriptive lexical analysis of spontaneous conversations between users and the 2005 Loebner prize winning chatterbot, Jabberwacky. The study was motivated in part by the suspicion that evidence in support of the Media Equation, especially in the field of conversational agents, was supported by incomplete data; too often omitted in its purview is the occurrence of unsavoury user responses. Our study shows that conversations with Jabberwacky often bring about the expression of negative verbal disinhibition. We discovered that 10% of the total stems in the corpus reflected abusive language, and approximately 11% of the sample addressed hard-core sex. Users were often rude and violated the conversation maxims of manner, quantity, and relevance. Also particularly pronounced in the conversations was a persistent need of the user to define the speakers’ identities (human vs. machine). Users were also curious to understand and test the cognitive capabilities of the chatterbot. Our analysis indicates that the Media Equation may need qualifying, that users treat computers that talk, less as they do people and more as they might treat something not quite an object yet not quite human. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The preimage security of double-block-length compression functions

We present new techniques for deriving preimage resistance bounds for block cipher based double-block-length, double-call hash functions. We give improved bounds on the preimage security of the three “classical” double-block-length, double-call, block cipher-based compression functions, these being Abreast-DM, Tandem-DM and Hirose’s scheme. For Hirose’s scheme, we show that an adversary must make at least 22n−5 block cipher queries to achieve chance 0.5 of inverting a randomly chosen point in the range. For Abreast-DM and Tandem-DM we show that at least 22n−10 queries are necessary. These bounds improve upon the previous best bounds of Ω(2) queries, and are optimal up to a constant factor since the compression functions in question have range of size 2.
Designing Gabor filters for optimal texture separability

The discrimination of textures is a critical aspect of identi"cation in digital imagery. Texture features generated by Gabor "lters have been increasingly considered and applied to image analysis. Here, a comprehensive classi"cation and segmentation comparison of di!erent techniques used to produce texture features using Gabor "lters is presented. These techniques are based on existing implementations as well as new, innovative methods. The functional characterization of the "lters as well as feature extraction based on the raw "lter outputs are both considered. Overall, using the Gabor "lter magnitude response given a frequency bandwidth and spacing of one octave and orientation bandwidth and spacing of 303 augmented by a measure of the texture complexity generated preferred results. ( 2000 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A comparison of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus conventional best practice in asthma management in Spain.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effectiveness and safety in a real-life setting of budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort) Maintenance And Reliever Therapy® (Symbicort SMART®), a simplified management approach with one inhaler, compared with conventional best practice (CBP) with multiple inhalers in patients with persistent asthma.


DESIGN
Open-label randomized controlled parallel-group trial, 6-month treatment.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 654 adult patients, with persistent asthma receiving treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), either alone or in conjunction with long-acting β(2)-agonist.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Time to first severe asthma exacerbation and number of severe asthma exacerbations.


RESULTS
No difference between groups was seen in time to first severe exacerbation (p = .2974). Exacerbation rates were low in both groups. A total of 22 patients in the Symbicort SMART group experienced a total of 24 severe asthma exacerbations, and 31 patients in the CBP group experienced a total of 34 severe asthma exacerbations (annual rate 0.16 vs. 0.22, p = .2869). The mean daily dose of ICS expressed in beclomethasone dipropionate equivalent was significantly lower in the Symbicort SMART group (including as-needed use) versus the CBP group (799 μg vs.1184 μg; p < .001). Mean scores in Asthma Control Questionnaire, five-question version, improved significantly in the SMART group compared with the CBP group (p = .0292). Symbicort SMART and CBP were equally well tolerated. The mean drug cost per patient per 6 months was lower for the patients in the SMART group compared with patients receiving CBP (€295.32 vs. €387.98, p < .0001).


CONCLUSIONS
A simplified regimen using budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART) was at least as effective at improving clinical control compared with CBP with a significantly lower ICS dose and lower drug costs.
FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS IN GIS APPLICATION

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), as a multiple criteria decision making tools especially in the problems with spatial nature or GIS-based. In addition this study treats the steps AHP, its manner to apply and its weaknesses and strengths and ultimately the fuzzy modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) which is proposed after that the concepts like of fuzziness, uncertainty and vagueness was broadly posed in expert's decision making. In the last part of this paper the chang's Fuzzy Extent Analysis method and α-cut based method on fuzzy AHP is described to obtain a crisp priority vector from a triangular fuzzy comparison matrix.
Awareness of medical radiation exposure among patients : A patient survey as a fi rst step for e ff ective communication of ionizing radiation risks

Introduction: The European Directive 2013/59/EURATOM requires patient radiation dose information to be included in the medical report of radiological procedures. To provide effective communication to the patient, it is necessary to first assess the patient's level of knowledge regarding medical exposure. The goal of this work is to survey patients’ current knowledge level of both medical exposure to ionizing radiation and professional disciplines and communication means used by patients to garner information. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was designed comprised of thirteen questions: 737 patients participated in the survey. The data were analysed based on population age, education, and number of radiological procedures received in the three years prior to survey. Results: A majority of respondents (56.4%) did not know which modality uses ionizing radiation. 74.7% had never discussed with healthcare professionals the risk concerning their medical radiological procedures. 70.1% were not aware of the professionals that have expertise to discuss the use of ionizing radiation for medical purposes, and 84.7% believe it is important to have the radiation dose information stated in the medical report. Conclusion: Patients agree with new regulations that it is important to know the radiation level related to the medical exposure, but there is little awareness in terms of which modalities use X-Rays and the professionals and channels that can help them to better understand the exposure information. To plan effective communication, it is essential to devise methods and adequate resources for key professionals (medical physicists, radiologists, referring physicians) to convey correct and effective information.
[Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey: Portugal-Brazil cross-cultural adaptation].

OBJECTIVE
To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS), and investigate its reliability, validity and cross-cultural invariance.


METHODS
The face validity involved the participation of a multidisciplinary team. Content validity was performed. The Portuguese version was completed in 2009, on the internet, by 958 Brazilian and 556 Portuguese university students from the urban area. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using as fit indices: the χ²/df, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). To verify the stability of the factor solution according to the original English version, cross-validation was performed in 2/3 of the total sample and replicated in the remaining 1/3. Convergent validity was estimated by the average variance extracted and composite reliability. The discriminant validity was assessed, and the internal consistency was estimated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Concurrent validity was estimated by the correlational analysis of the mean scores of the Portuguese version and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the divergent validity was compared to the Beck Depression Inventory. The invariance of the model between the Brazilian and the Portuguese samples was assessed.


RESULTS
The three-factor model of Exhaustion, Disengagement and Efficacy showed good fit (c 2/df = 8.498, CFI = 0.916, GFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.086). The factor structure was stable (λ:χ²dif = 11.383, p = 0.50; Cov: χ²dif = 6.479, p = 0.372; Residues: χ²dif = 21.514, p = 0.121). Adequate convergent validity (VEM = 0.45;0.64, CC = 0.82;0.88), discriminant (ρ² = 0.06;0.33) and internal consistency (α = 0.83;0.88) were observed. The concurrent validity of the Portuguese version with the Copenhagen Inventory was adequate (r = 0.21, 0.74). The assessment of the divergent validity was impaired by the approach of the theoretical concept of the dimensions Exhaustion and Disengagement of the Portuguese version with the Beck Depression Inventory. Invariance of the instrument between the Brazilian and Portuguese samples was not observed (λ:χ²dif = 84.768, p<0.001; Cov: χ²dif = 129.206, p < 0.001; Residues: χ²dif = 518.760, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students showed adequate reliability and validity, but its factor structure was not invariant between the countries, indicating the absence of cross-cultural stability.
Expanding the spectrum of frontal fibrosing alopecia: a unifying concept.

BACKGROUND
In frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), scalp alopecia dominates the clinical picture. However, eyebrow loss and hair loss in other body sites may also occur; this has been documented clinically, but rarely histopathologically. We describe the clinicopathological findings of 13 cases of FFA, with histopathologic data from the scalp, eyebrow, and body hair.


METHODS
Thirteen patients with a diagnosis of FFA, seen between 2006 and 2008, were included. Scalp biopsies were performed in all patients for histology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Biopsy specimens for histology were taken from the eyebrow in 6 patients and from the upper limb in 5 patients.


RESULTS
All 13 patients were female, 11 of whom were postmenopausal. The median age at onset of alopecia was 57 years. Clinical examination revealed a band of frontal hairline recession in all patients. Eyebrow loss was present clinically in all patients, with loss of body hair in 10 of 13. Histopathologic examination of the scalp, eyebrow, and upper limb skin biopsy specimens showed similar features, including a marked reduction in the number of hair follicles and a perifollicular lymphoid cell infiltrate with perifollicular fibrosis. Direct immunofluorescence was negative in all cases.


LIMITATIONS
Not all patients consented to biopsies of the eyebrows or upper limbs.


CONCLUSION
Eyebrow and peripheral body hair loss is not uncommon in FFA-a finding that is likely underreported. We have demonstrated that alopecia of the upper limbs in FFA is indeed common and, histopathologically, shows features of lichen planopilaris and scarring, similar to findings in the scalp and eyebrows. Consequently, the process of lichen planopilaris with scarring alopecia is generalized rather than localized only to the frontal scalp and eyebrows.
Concept Maps for Teaching and Assessment

Concept maps, a specific kind of mental model, are one method of representing and measuring an individual’s knowledge. They are an alternative tool for teaching through building relevant associations, and a method for measuring knowledge and recall over time. Concept maps provide a visual representation of conceptual and relationship knowledge within a particular domain. Concept maps look like a spider web, consisting of many nodes (i.e., key concepts) connected to one another by lines that indicate relationships. In the learning process, students can develop concept maps as an alternative to traditional note-taking by building associations of non-linear key concepts and organizing them to fit with their individual learning styles and frames of reference. The presence of concepts and relationships on a map can provide an instructor with a snapshot of student knowledge and understanding. The proximity and connection of key concepts provide insight for instructors attempting to evaluate how ideas from class were absorbed by students. Conversely, the absence of concepts or relationships, or inappropriate connections between unrelated concepts, provide clues about what information students failed to internalize or incorporate. Concept maps may aid the instructor in assessing what students understand and how they relate the material to the overall course goals. They are easily taught and can be incorporated in introductory units, mid-term reviews and assessments, or end-ofcourse reviews and assessments.
Identification of regional atmospheric PM10 transport pathways using HYSPLIT, MM5-CMAQ and synoptic pressure pattern analysis

Air pollution in urban cites is caused not only by local emission sources but also significantly by regional atmospheric pollutant transport from surrounding areas. This study is to identify regional atmospheric PM10 transport pathways through an integrated modeling and synoptic pressure pattern analysis approach with a case study in Beijing, northern China. Beijing is a city sensitive to trans-boundary transport of aerosols from its surrounding provinces. The pathway identification was conducted through tracking air masses and analyzing dominant transport patterns leading to air pollution episode in Beijing. Trajectories were calculated using NOAA-HYSPLIT model based on the meteorological field of MM5 outputs in October 2002. A k-means clustering algorithm was applied to group these trajectories into different transport patterns. Monitored PM10 levels during each transport pattern were then examined to evaluate its influence on atmospheric PM10 in Beijing. The southwest transport pathway was identified to be closely associated with the increasing phase of PM10. An integrated MM5-CMAQ modeling systemwas then applied to simulate PM10 concentrations in Beijing and its surrounding provinces for the southwest transport period. It was found that a convergence flow field with high PM10 concentrations frequently appeared between northwest mountain breeze and southwest plain breeze on the lee of the Taihang Mountains. Further analysis indicated that high-pressure systems accompanied with thermal inversion in the boundary layer were the governing synoptic patterns in southwest transport period. Transboundary transport along with the convergence zone induced by mesoscale low pressure system in front of the Taihang Mountains, which was generated by topographical dynamics and thermal effects, proved to be the main cause of high PM10 levels in Beijing. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reliability of the quality of upper extremity skills test for children with cerebral palsy aged 2 to 12 years.

AIM
To investigate reliability of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) scores for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2-12 years.


METHOD
Thirty-one QUESTs from 24 children with CP were rated once by two raters and twice by one rater. Internal consistency of total scores, inter- and intra-rater reliability findings for total, domain, and item scores were calculated.


RESULTS
Total scores inter-rater reliability, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.86, and for intra-rater reliability, ICC was 0.96. Domains had high reliability (ICC > 0.80) within raters and between raters except for grasp (moderate at ICC = 0.67). Item inter-rater reliability was moderate or better for 80% of items; item intra-rater reliability was moderate or better for 87% of items. Total score internal consistency was high (α = 0.97).


IMPLICATIONS
The QUEST has proven reliability for children with CP aged 18 months to 8 years. This study demonstrates strong reliability for children aged 2-12 years.
Liquidity Risk Management and Credit Supply in the Financial Crisis

Liquidity dried up during the financial crisis of 2007–2009. Banks that relied more heavily on core deposit and equity capital financing, which are stable sources of financing, continued to lend relative to other banks. Banks that held more illiquid assets on their balance sheets, in contrast, increased asset liquidity and reduced lending. Offbalance sheet liquidity risk materialized on the balance sheet and constrained new credit origination as increased takedown demand displaced lending capacity. We conclude that efforts to manage the liquidity crisis by banks led to a decline in credit supply. & 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Trends in acute myocardial infarction in 4 US states between 1992 and 2001: clinical characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes.

BACKGROUND
Because of the health impact of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), substantial resources have been dedicated to improving AMI care and outcomes. Long-term trends in the clinical characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes for AMI over time from the health system perspective in geographically diverse populations are not well known.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The present study included 20,550 Medicare patients aged > or = 65 years hospitalized in 4 US states (Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, Wisconsin) with the confirmed primary discharge diagnosis of AMI in 4 periods: 1992-1993 (n=10,292), 1995 (n=5566), 1998-1999 (n=2413), and 2000-2001 (n=2279). With the use of standard quality indicator definitions, treatment of ideal candidates with aspirin and beta-blockers within 24 hours after presentation, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge was assessed. Multivariable models were constructed to calculate adjusted 1-year mortality. The hospitalized Medicare population with AMI changed substantially during 1992-2001, with increasing age, more comorbidity, and fewer meeting ideal treatment criteria. Although treatment rates increased significantly for all medications, aspirin, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were not provided at discharge to 12.6%, 19.7%, and 25.2% of ideal candidates, respectively, in 2000-2001. Crude 1-year mortality increased (27.6%, 28.3%, 30.6%, and 31.0%; P=0.003 for trend, but adjusted mortality declined (compared with 1992-1993, relative risk in 1995=0.94 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.01]; relative risk in 1998-1999=0.91 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98]; relative risk in 2000-2001=0.87 [95% CI, 0.81 to 0.94]).


CONCLUSIONS
The quality of care and adjusted 1-year mortality improved significantly for Medicare beneficiaries with AMI during 1992-2001. Nevertheless, fewer were ideal for guideline-based therapy, and absolute mortality remains high, suggesting the need for treatment strategies applicable to a broader range of older patients.
Dental-gingival remodeling with BOPT no-prep veneers

Recent years have seen increasing demand for treatments aimed at improving dental esthetics. In this context, both patients and dentists prefer to preserve dental structures as far as possible; thanks to technological advances, especially in adhesive dentistry, new materials and minimally invasive techniques such as "no-prep" (no preparation) veneers have made this possible. Nevertheless, no-prep veneers have specific indications and suffer certain disadvantages.


OBJECTIVES
This clinical case describes the rehabilitation of the upper anterior region by means of no-prep veneers, with BOPT (Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique) cervical margins. The patient had requested an aesthetic treatment to improve irregularities of the gingival margins associated with the presence of diastemata resulting from microdontia. Key words:BOPT, micro-veneers, hybrid ceramic, ultra-fine veneers, diastemata, without prosthetic finish line, no-prep.
Progress: Metaphysical and Otherwise

Realism about progress--that progress consists in the obtaining of some metaphysical relation between a sequence of theories and the world--is often thought to be required by realism about the representational character of theories. The purpose of this paper is to show how one can be a realist about theories without being a realist about progress. The result is a view that cannot be at odds with what the history of science shows.
Role of Interface Thermal Boundary Resistance, Straining, and Morphology in Thermal Conductivity of a Set of Si-Ge Superlattices and Biomimetic Si-Ge Nanocomposites

Nanoscale engineered materials with tailored thermal properties are desirable for applications such as highly efficient thermoelectric, microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. It has been shown earlier that by judiciously varying interface thermal boundary resistance (TBR) thermal conductivity in nanostructures could be controlled. Two types of nanostructures that have gained significant attention owing to the presence of TBR are superlattices and nanocomposites. A systematic comparison of thermal behavior of superlattices and nanocomposites considering their characteristic structural factors such as periodicity and period length for superlattices, and morphology for nanocomposites, under different extents of straining at a range of temperatures remains to be performed. In this presented work, such analyses are performed for a set of Si-Ge superlattices and Si-Ge biomimetic nanocomposites using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations at three different temperatures (400 K, 600 K, and 800 K) and at strain levels varying between −10% and 10%. The analysis of interface TBR contradicts the usual notion that each interface contributes equally to the heat transfer resistance in a layered structure. The dependence of thermal conductivity of superlattice on the direction of heat flow gives it a characteristic somewhat similar to a thermal diode as found in this study. The comparison of thermal behavior of superlattices and nanocomposites indicate that the nanoscale morphology differences between the superlattices and the nanocomposites lead to a striking contrast in the phonon spectral density, interfacial thermal boundary resistance, and thermal conductivity. Both compressive and tensile strains are observed to be important factors in tailoring the thermal conductivity of the analyzed superlattices, whereas have very insignificant influence on the thermal conductivity of the analyzed nanocomposites.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A quasi-Funk’s section theorem in n-complex space

The Funk’s section theorem in the n-complex space Cn is investigated. It turns out that this theorem does not admit an extension for the class of general origin-symmetric star bodies in Cn but for a class of star bodies called generalized complex intersection bodies. A quasi-version of Funk’s section theorem in Cn is established then.
Bearing only FastSLAM using vertical line information from an omnidirectional camera

This paper proposes an implementation of Fast- SLAM for localization and mapping for an indoor environment. The system use only the bearing information retrieved from an omnidirectional camera via vertical line segments which are common in an indoor environment. The real world experiment is also presented using Pioneer-DX3 mobile robot moving in a room with several objects.