LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive treatments in bone grafts for implant-based rehabilitation: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
The use of bioactive proteins, such as rhBMP-2, may improve bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery.


PURPOSE
Analyze the effect of using bioactive proteins for bone regeneration in implant-based rehabilitation.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seven databases were screened. Only clinical trials that evaluated the use of heterologous sources of bioactive proteins for bone formation prior to implant-based rehabilitation were included. Statistical analyses were carried out using a random-effects model by comparing the standardized mean difference between groups for bone formation, and risk ratio for implant survival (P ≤ .05).


RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 16 in the meta-analysis. For sinus floor augmentation, bone grafts showed higher amounts of residual bone graft particles than bioactive treatments (P ≤ .05). While for alveolar ridge augmentation bioactive treatments showed a higher level of bone formation than control groups (P ≤ .05). At 3 years of follow-up, no statistically significant differences were observed for implant survival (P > .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Bioactive proteins may improve bone formation in alveolar ridge augmentation, and reduce residual bone grafts in sinus floor augmentation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effect of using bioactive treatments for implant-based rehabilitation.
ResearchHelp. Introduction to Political Ideologies. Reference Materials.

This guide will help users find information related to the history and beliefs of major political ideologies.
Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for maternal, newborn and child health in low– and middle–income countries: Systematic review and meta–analysis

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).


METHODS
16 online international databases were searched to identify studies evaluating the impact of mHealth interventions on MNCH outcomes in LMIC, between January 1990 and May 2014. Comparable studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis.


FINDINGS
Of 8593 unique references screened after de-duplication, 15 research articles and two conference abstracts met inclusion criteria, including 12 intervention and three observational studies. Only two studies were graded at low risk of bias. Only one study demonstrated an improvement in morbidity or mortality, specifically decreased risk of perinatal death in children of mothers who received SMS support during pregnancy, compared with routine prenatal care. Meta-analysis of three studies on infant feeding showed that prenatal interventions using SMS/cell phone (vs routine care) improved rates of breastfeeding (BF) within one hour after birth (odds ratio (OR) 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-2.75, I(2) = 80.9%) and exclusive BF for three/four months (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.50, I(2) = 52.8%) and for six months (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.46-3.68, I(2) = 0.0%). Included studies encompassed interventions designed for health information delivery (n = 6); reminders (n = 3); communication (n = 2); data collection (n = 2); test result turnaround (n = 2); peer group support (n = 2) and psychological intervention (n = 1).


CONCLUSIONS
Most studies of mHealth for MNCH in LMIC are of poor methodological quality and few have evaluated impacts on patient outcomes. Improvements in intermediate outcomes have nevertheless been reported in many studies and there is modest evidence that interventions delivered via SMS messaging can improve infant feeding. Ambiguous descriptions of interventions and their mechanisms of impact present difficulties for interpretation and replication. Rigorous studies with potential to offer clearer evidence are underway.
Optimizing the 6-min walk test as a measure of exercise capacity in COPD.

BACKGROUND
It is uncertain whether the effort and expense of performing a second walk for the 6-min walk test improves test performance. Hence, we attempted to quantify the improvement in 6-min walk distance if an additional walk were to be performed.


METHODS
We studied patients consecutively enrolled into the National Emphysema Treatment Trial who prior to randomization and after 6 to 10 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation performed two 6-min walks on consecutive days (N = 396). Patients also performed two 6-min walks at 6-month follow-up after randomization to lung volume reduction surgery (n = 74) or optimal medical therapy (n = 64). We compared change in the first walk distance to change in the second, average-of-two, and best-of-two walk distances.


RESULTS
Compared with the change in the first walk distance, change in the average-of-two and best-of-two walk distances had better validity and precision. Specifically, 6 months after randomization to lung volume reduction surgery, changes in the average-of-two (r = 0.66 vs r = 0.58, P = .01) and best-of-two walk distances (r = 0.67 vs r = 0.58, P = .04) better correlated with the change in maximal exercise capacity (ie, better validity). Additionally, the variance of change was 14% to 25% less for the average-of-two walk distances and 14% to 33% less for the best-of-two walk distances than the variance of change in the single walk distance, indicating better precision.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding a second walk to the 6-min walk test significantly improves its performance in measuring response to a therapeutic intervention, improves the validity of COPD clinical trials, and would result in a 14% to 33% reduction in sample size requirements. Hence, it should be strongly considered by clinicians and researchers as an outcome measure for therapeutic interventions in patients with COPD.
Building More Explainable Artificial Intelligence With Argumentation

Currently, much of machine learning is opaque, just like a “black box”. However, in order for humans to understand, trust and effectively manage the emerging AI systems, an AI needs to be able to explain its decisions and conclusions. In this paper, I propose an argumentation-based approach to explainable AI, which has the potential to generate more comprehensive explanations than existing approaches.
Mixed-Signal Production Test: A Measurement Principle Perspective

This article, based on a tutorial the author presented at ITC 2008, is an overview and introduction to mixed-signal production test. The article focuses on the fundamental techniques and procedures in production test and explores key issues confronting the industry.
Multiple object identification with passive RFID tags

We investigate the applicability of passive RFID systems to the task of identifying multiple tagged objects simultaneously, assuming that the number of tags is not known in advance. We present a combinatorial model of the communication mechanism between the reader device and the tags, and use this model to derive the optimal parameter setting for the reading process, based on estimates for the number of tags. Some results on the performance of an implementation are presented. Keywords— RFID, collision-resolution, tagging, combinatorics.
A Physico-Chemical Assessment of the Bebar River, Pahang, Malaysia

This study was carried out to assess the hydrological properties and water quality of the Bebar River, Pahang. A total of 20 water samples were collected from 10 stations and sampling was conducted at two different dates, namely 19 and 22 April 2005. Parameters for the in-situ water quality study included pH, th nd temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and conductivity. Stream flow as well as depth and width of the river were measured on the sampling day. Physical characteristic parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and turbidity were considered in this study. Laboratory analyses were carried out according to the HACH and APHA methods. Results showed that the pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) value were very low, indicating the water was not potable. The daily flow of the Bebar River is 5.0x10 m ; therefore 5 3 it is considered a teeming river. Recently however, various activities such as illegal logging, agricultural production and unsustainable development have been taking place in the surrounding areas. The impact of these activities could result in environmental damage to the adjacent peat swamp by changing the hydrological characteristics, which in the long term could lead to deterioration in the quality of the peat swamp forest ecosystem.
Evolutionary algorithm based classifier parameter tuning for automatic diabetic retinopathy grading: A hybrid feature extraction approach

Human eye is one of the most sophisticated organ, with retina, pupil, iris cornea, lens and optic nerve. Automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as an important screening tool for early detection of eye diseases. Uncontrolled diabetes retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma may lead to blindness. DR is caused by damage to the small blood vessels of the retina in the posterior part of the eye of the diabetic patient. The main stages of DR are non-proliferate diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferate diabetes retinopathy (PDR). The retinal fundus photographs are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various eye diseases in clinics. It is also one of the main resources used for mass screening of DR. We present an automatic screening system for the detection of normal and DR stages (NPDR and PDR). The proposed systems involves processing of fundus images for extraction of abnormal signs, such as area of hard exudates, area of blood vessels, bifurcation points, texture and entropies. Our protocol uses total of 156 subjects consisting of two stages of DR and normal. In this work, we have fed thirteen statistically significant (p < 0.0001) features for Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Decision Tree (DT) C4.5, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to select the best classifier. The best model parameter (r) for which the PNN classifier performed best was identified using global optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). We demonstrated an average classification accuracy of 96.15%, sensitivity of 96.27% and specificity of 96.08% for r = 0.0104 using threefold cross validation using PNN classifier. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) results were validated by comparing with expert ophthalmologists. The proposed automated system can aid clinicians to make a faster DR diagnosis during the mass screening of normal/DR images. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Network Centric Operations: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress

Network Centric Operations (also known as Network Centric Warfare) is a key component of DOD planning for transformation of the military. Network Centric Operations (NCO) relies on computer equipment and networked communications technology to provide a shared awareness of the battle space for U.S. forces. Proponents say that a shared awareness increases synergy for command and control, resulting in superior decision-making, and the ability to coordinate complex military operations over long distances for an overwhelming war-fighting advantage. NCO technology saw limited deployment in Afghanistan and, more recently, increased deployment in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Several DOD key programs are now underway for deployment throughout all services. Congress may be concerned with oversight of the DOD organization and the individual services as they transform through NCO programs that are intended to promote a management style and culture with joint objectives. Oversight may involve a review of service efforts to improve interoperability of computer and communications systems, and may also involve questions from some observers about whether DOD has given adequate attention to possible unintended outcomes resulting from over-reliance on high technology. Updates may also be required on emerging threats that may be directed against increasingly complex military equipment. This report describes technologies that support NCO, and includes (1) questions about possible vulnerabilities associated with NCO; (2) a description of electronic weapons, and other technologies that could be used as asymmetric countermeasures against NCO systems; (3) descriptions of several key military programs for implementing NCO; (4) a list of other nations with NCO capabilities; and, (5) a description of experiences using NCO systems in recent operations involving joint and coalition forces. The final section raises policy issues for NCO that involve planning, network interoperability, acquisition strategies, offshore outsourcing, technology transfer, asymmetric threats, coalition operations, and U.S. military doctrine. Appendices to this report give more information about the global network conversion to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), views on Metcalfe's Law of Networks, and possible perverse consequences of data-dependent systems. This report will be updated to accommodate significant changes.
Contemporary issues in American distance education

Draws together an overall picture of the growth and achievements in the field of American distance education and the problems and issues that confront it. The book provides a view of administrative and policy issues, and conceptual and theoretical concerns.
Major Reduction in 30-Day Mortality After Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Denmark 2001–2011

For years, the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery has been inferior in Denmark compared to its neighbouring countries. Several strategies have been initiated in Denmark to improve CRC prognosis. We studied whether there has been any effect on postoperative mortality based on the information from a national database. Patients who underwent elective major surgery for CRC in the period 2001–2011 were identified in the national Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database. Thirty-day mortality rates were calculated and factors with impact on mortality were identified using logistic regression analysis. In total, 27,563 patients underwent elective major surgery and their 30-day mortality rate decreased significantly from 7.3 % in 2001–2002 to 2.8 % in 2011 (P < 0.001). Aside from the year of surgery, independent risk factors of mortality were male gender, age ≥61 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ II, tumor located in the colon, palliative intent, outcome of surgery “not cured,” and open surgical approach. Additionally, 3-month mortality of all 37,022 CRC patients, irrespective of surgical treatment, decreased significantly from 15.8 to 11.3 % during the study period. The 30-day mortality rate after elective major surgery for CRC has decreased significantly in Denmark in the past decade. Laparoscopic surgical approach was associated with a reduction in mortality in colon cancer.
Economic Evaluation of Triflusal and Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To compare the costs to the Spanish healthcare system of 35 days’ treatment with triflusal (600 mg/day) and aspirin (300 mg/day) in patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Design: A cost minimisation analysis based on the results of the Triflusal in Acute Myocardial Infarction study (TIM) was conducted. The hypothesis was that despite a higher acquisition cost of triflusal, savings would result because of differences in efficacy and safety outcome (non-fatal cerebrovascular event and haemorrhagic events). Diagnostic Related Groups were used as a proxy for determining hospital costs in Spain and the values were obtained from different sources and refer to year 2000 costs. Only direct medical costs were considered for the economic analysis. Results: Although the acquisition cost of triflusal was more expensive than that of aspirin, the cost of prevented events — non-fatal ischaemic cerebrovascular events and cerebral haemorrhages — entirely compensated for the cost of triflusal. The overall cost of treating patients with triflusal, compared with aspirin, represented a net saving of 28.4% per patient treated. Conclusion: Our study showed that triflusal is cost saving compared with aspirin in the treatment of the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Preferences and concerns for delivery: an antepartum survey

Little is known regarding patient preferences for method of delivery despite concern about rising cesarean section rates. We hypothesize that the majority of pregnant women desire a vaginal birth. An anonymous survey was distributed to pregnant women assessing demographics, pregnancy history, delivery preference, and concern for outcomes. Five-hundred fifty respondents completed the survey; 43% were nulliparous. The majority preferred vaginal delivery (89.6%). Reasons included reduced recovery pain (72%), scars (68%), and bleeding (48%). Cesarean deliveries were believed to cause more maternal injuries (39%), but affect sexual function less (35%). Nulliparas were more concerned about vaginal support damage (p = .005), sexual function changes (p ≤ 0.001), and need for episiotomy (p ≤ .001). Despite this, 93% of nulliparas chose vaginal birth. Increased parity was associated with preference for cesarean delivery (r = 0.108, p = 0.013). Despite nulliparas’ concerns about complications of vaginal delivery, the majority of pregnant women would choose vaginal birth.
Peripheral detection as a workload measure in driving : Effects of traffic complexity and route guidance system use in a driving study

Recent studies have explored a promising method to measure driver workload—the Peripheral Detection Task (PDT). The PDT has been suggested as a standard method to assess safety-relevant workload from the use of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) while driving. This paper reports the German part of a Swedish-German cooperative study in which the PDT was investigated focusing on its specific sensitivity compared with alternative workload measures. Forty-nine professional drivers performed the PDT while following route guidance system instructions on an inner-city route. The route consisted of both highly demanding and less demanding sections. Two route guidance systems that differed mainly in display size and display organization were compared. Subjective workload ratings (NASA-TLX) as well as physiological measures (heart rate and heart rate variability) were collected as reference data. The PDT showed sensitivity to route demands. Despite their differing displays, both route guidance systems affected PDT performance similarly in intervals of several minutes. However, the PDT proved sensitive to peaks in workload from IVIS use and from the driving task. Peaks in workload were studied by video analyses of four selected subsections on the route. Subjective workload ratings reflected overall route demands and also did not indicate differing effects of the two displays. The physiological measures were less sensitive to workload and indicated emotional strain as well. An assessment of the PDT as a method for the measurement of safety-related workload is given. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1369-8478/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.009 * Corresponding author. Address: University of Freiburg, Center for Cognitive Science, Institute of Computer Science and Social Research, Friedrichstrasse 50, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 761 203 4966; fax: +49 761 203 4938. E-mail address: georg.jahn@cognition.uni-freiburg.de (G. Jahn). 256 G. Jahn et al. / Transportation Research Part F 8 (2005) 255–275
AVFSM: A framework for identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in FSMs

A finite state machine (FSM) is responsible for controlling the overall functionality of most digital systems and, therefore, the security of the whole system can be compromised if there are vulnerabilities in the FSM. These vulnerabilities can be created by improper designs or by the synthesis tool which introduces additional don't-care states and transitions during the optimization and synthesis process. An attacker can utilize these vulnerabilities to perform fault injection attacks or insert malicious hardware modifications (Trojan) to gain unauthorized access to some specific states. To our knowledge, no systematic approaches have been proposed to analyze these vulnerabilities in FSM. In this paper, we develop a framework named Analyzing Vulnerabilities in FSM (AVFSM) which extracts the state transition graph (including the don't-care states and transitions) from a gate-level netlist using a novel Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) based approach and quantifies the vulnerabilities of the design to fault injection and hardware Trojan insertion. We demonstrate the applicability of the AVFSM framework by analyzing the vulnerabilities in the FSM of AES and RSA encryption module. We also propose a low-cost mitigation technique to make FSM more secure against these attacks.
LabVIEW-base automatic rising and falling speed control of stepper motor

Stepper motor is widely used as controlling and driving machine in opening loop controlling system. As high speed moving,stepper motor must have rising and falling process avoiding losing step and over step. In this paper, based on analyzing and comparing some controlling graph, it gives a LabVIEW-based stepper motor control method and the composition of the control system, and making the soft controlling of Stepper motor's automatic rising and falling speed come true. Comparing with the single - chip controlled stepper motor, this system based on LabVIEW has a good interface, the easy programming to effective control, that is the practical application value.