LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Identifying cross site scripting vulnerabilities in Web applications

Cross site scripting (XSS) is a vulnerability of a Web application that is essentially caused by the failure of the application to check up on user input before returning it to the client's Web browser. Without an adequate validation, user input may include malicious code that may be sent to other clients and unexpectedly executed by their browsers, thus causing a security attack. Techniques to prevent this type of attacks require that all application input must be checked up and filtered, encoded, or validated before sending them to any user. In order to discover the XSS vulnerabilities in a Web application, traditional source code analysis techniques can be exploited. In this paper, in order to assess the XSS vulnerability of a Web application, an approach that combines static and dynamic analysis of the Web application is presented. Static analysis based criteria have been defined to detect potential vulnerabilities in the server pages of a Web application, while a process of dynamic analysis has been proposed in order to detect actual vulnerabilities. Some case studies have been carried out, giving encouraging results.
New world record Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 thin film solar cell efficiency beyond 22%

World record efficiency of 22.3% Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell has been achieved in Solar Frontier K.K. and certified independently by Fraunhofer Institute für Solare Energiesysteme (ISE). The device parameters are as follows, JSC: 39.4 mA cm−2, VOC: 721.9 mV and FF: 0.782. Compared to our previous champion with 20.9% efficiency, a major improvement in VOC (+36.1 mV) was observed due to KF post deposition treatment that improve the absorber layer and the use of CdS buffer. As we thrive to achieve the utmost ecological advantages, Cd-free buffer was also developed by replacing the ZnO/CdS buffer with optimized (Zn,Mg)O/Zn(O,S,OH) buffer layers. As a result, an in-house conversion efficiency of 22.8% was achieved. This demonstrated that Cd-free CIGS solar cell still possesses huge potential and we will continue to explore new pathways to achieve higher efficiency CIGS solar cells.
Energieoptimale Längsführung von Kraftfahrzeugen durch Einsatz vorausschauender Fahrstrategien

Scarcity of resources and global warming have caused a widespread environmental awareness among society. Due to the steady tightening of legal frameworks, automobile manufacturers are challenged to provide effective measures for the reduction of their vehicles’ fuel consumption and equivalent CO2 emissions. Beyond legal driving cycles, fuel consumption in real driving operation is in the focus as it affects customers’ subjective perception decisively. Against this background, the present thesis deals with energy-optimal longitudinal vehicle control, which incorporates predictively known route data to realise a maximally fuel-efficient driving strategy while comprising the driver’s demand. To solve this optimisation problem, a resource-efficient algorithm is developed, based on Dynamic Programming, which is able to satisfy the various demands on the driving strategy concerning energy efficiency, driving dynamics, driving comfort and driving safety. The algorithm is implemented within a prototypical embedded driver assistance system and put into operation in two test vehicles on a real-road test track. Precise reproducibility of the resulting driving strategy confirms the appropriateness of the developed algorithm and serves as a motivation for a further sensitivity analysis of a selection of factors influencing fuel consumption. Subjective perception of the developed assistance function is operationalised and then utilised for the adjustment of different dynamics characteristics of the longituginal control function. Within the chosen test setups, the implemented prototypical driver assistance function achieves fuel savings of approximately 10 % compared to manual longitudinal control of the vehicle at same average velocity. Especially with regards to the relatively low development costs, these savings illustrate the assistance function’s potential as a cost-efficient measure to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The present thesis offers a substantial contribution for the evaluation and assurance of the function’s practical applicablity and subjective acceptance in real driving operation.
A randomized controlled trial of CBT therapy for adults with ADHD with and without medication

BACKGROUND
Previous studies of psychological treatment in adults with ADHD have not controlled for medication status and include either medicated participants or mixed samples of medicated and unmedicated participants. The objective of this study is to examine whether use of medication improves outcome of therapy.


METHOD
This was a secondary analysis comparing 23 participants randomized to CBT and Dextroamphetamine vs. 25 participants randomized to CBT and placebo. Both patients and investigators were blind to treatment assignment. Two co-primary outcomes were used: ADHD symptoms on the ADHD-RS-Inv completed by the investigator and improvement in functioning as reported by the patient on the Sheehan Disability Scale.


RESULTS
Both groups showed robust improvement in both symptoms and functioning, but the use of medication did not significantly improve outcome over and above use of CBT and placebo.


CONCLUSION
This study replicates previous work demonstrating that CBT is an effective treatment for ADHD in adults. Within the limits of this pilot, secondary analysis we were not able to demonstrate that medication significantly augments the outcome of CBT therapy for adults with ADHD. The study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Trials Registry #GSK707.
Dofetilide is safe and effective in preventing atrial fibrillation recurrences in patients accepted for catheter ablation.

AIMS
The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of dofetilide among patients refractory to other anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) and accepted for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.


METHODS AND RESULTS
One hundred and twenty-seven of 454 patients (69% male, 58% paroxysmal, age 60 +/- 10 years, AF duration 8 +/- 7 years) scheduled for AF ablation between February 2004 and May 2008 were treated with dofetilide. Patients had failed 1.9 +/- 1.1 AADs. Anti-arrhythmic drugs were stopped five half-lives before ablation and 3 months for amiodarone. Patients were followed for 15 +/- 7 months with routine and symptom-driven monitoring. Success was defined as no further AF and partial success as a 50% reduction in frequency/duration of AF episodes. Thirty-six patients started dofetilide 158 +/- 167 days before ablation: 9 had no improvement, 16 experienced partial success, 8 had no further AF, and 2 improved enough to forgo ablation. Seventy-one patients started dofetilide immediately following ablation, of which 14 had no improvement, 22 experienced partial success, and 32 had no further AF. Twenty patients started dofetilide 119 +/- 153 days post-ablation, of which four had no improvement, seven experienced partial success, and nine had no further AF. Six patients discontinued dofetilide during initiation for QT prolongation.


CONCLUSION
Dofetilide appears safe and effective in preventing AF in patients refractory to other AADs undergoing catheter ablation.
Smart transportation networks drive gains

Transportation engineers and city planners are looking to information technology to redefine traffic management in urban areas. With the opportunity, however, comes risks.
CoAP: An Application Protocol for Billions of Tiny Internet Nodes

The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a transfer protocol for constrained nodes and networks, such as those that will form the Internet of Things. Much like its older and heavier cousin HTTP, CoAP uses the REST architectural style. Based on UDP and unencumbered by historical baggage, however, CoAP aims to achieve its modest goals with considerably less complexity.
Clopidogrel affects leukocyte dependent platelet aggregation by P2Y12 expressing leukocytes

Up to 30% of all patients who are treated with a coronary stent do not respond sufficiently to antiplatelet therapy. This condition results in an increased risk for thrombotic complications such as stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to determine clinical parameters modulating ASA and clopidogrel responsiveness. Patients were enrolled into three groups: (A) Patients with coronary artery disease without recent PCI treated with 100 mg/day ASA (n = 67). (B) Patients who underwent coronary stent implantation taking 100 mg/day ASA and 75 mg/day clopidogrel (n = 87). (C) Patients in whom CAD was excluded by angiography and who were not treated with anti-platelet medication served as controls (n = 32). Platelet aggregation was determined by impedance aggregometry using the Multiplate® point of care device. Drug response was differentiated by stimulation of whole blood with arachidonic acid (AA, ASA responsiveness) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP, clopidogrel responsiveness). P2Y12 receptor expression was determined by RT-PCR. ADP induced platelet aggregation correlated with the leukocyte count (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) suggesting that platelets and leukocytes interact functionally. Clopidogrel treatment abolished the influence of leukocytes on platelets and caused decreased leukocyte activation. We detected the expression of the clopidogrel target P2Y12 on leukocytes suggesting that clopidogrel may act directly on these cells and not only on platelets. In contrast to ASA responsiveness, clopidogrel response correlated with body mass index (r = 0.34; p = 0.001). In conclusion, (1) leukocytes influence ADP induced platelet aggregation most likely by expression of the P2Y12 receptor. This interaction is abolished by clopidogrel. Therefore, clopidogrel may act directly on leukocytes via the P2Y12 receptor. (2) Clopidogrel may be under dosed in obese patients.
State-scale perspective on water use and production associated with oil and gas operations, Oklahoma, U.S.

A common goal of water and energy management is to maximize the supply of one while minimizing the use of the other, so it is important to understand the relationship between water use and energy production. A larger proportion of horizontal wells and an increasing number of hydraulically fractured well bores are being completed in the United States, and consequently increasing water demand by oil and gas operations. Management, planning, and regulatory decisions for water, oil, and gas are largely made at the state-level; therefore, it is necessary to aggregate water use and energy production data at the state-scale. The purpose of this paper is to quantify annual volumes of water used for completion of oil and gas wells, coproduced during oil and gas production, injected via underground injection program wells, and used in water flooding operations. Data from well completion reports, and tax commission records were synthesized to arrive at these estimates for Oklahoma. Hydraulic fracturing required a median fluid volume of 11,350 m(3) per horizontal well in Oklahoma. Median fluid volume (~15,774 m(3)) and volume per perforated interval (15.73 m(3) m(-1)) were highest for Woodford Shale horizontal wells. State-scale annual water use for oil and gas well completions was estimated to be up to 16.3 Mm(3) in 2011 or less than 1% of statewide freshwater use. Statewide annual produced water volumes ranged from 128.5 to 146.6 Mm(3), with gas wells yielding an estimated 72.4% of the total coproduced water. Volumes of water injected into underground injection control program wells ranged from 206.8 to 305.4 Mm(3), which indicates that water flooding operations may use up to 167.0 Mm(3) per year. State-scale water use estimates for Oklahoma could be improved by requiring oil and gas operators to supplement well completion reports with water use and water production data. Reporting of oil and gas production data by well using a unique identifier (i.e., API number) would also allow for refinement of produced water quantity information. Reporting of wastewater disposal and water flooding volumes could be used to further develop state-scale water accounting and best management practices.
The ecstasy and the agony of the altmetric score

Altmetrics have gained momentum and are meant to overcome the shortcomings of citation-based metrics. In this regard some light is shed on the dangers associated with the new “all-in-one” indicator altmetric score.
Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with intravenous melphalan and G-CSF in patients with chemoresponsive multiple myeloma: report of a phase II trial

Summary:Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy for which autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a standard therapy. The optimal method of stem cell mobilization is not defined. We evaluated intravenous melphalan (60 mg/m2), the most effective agent for MM, and G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) for mobilization. End points were safety, adequacy of CD34+ collections, MM response, and contamination of stem cell components (SCC). In total, 32 patients were mobilized. There were no deaths or significant bleeding episodes; 14 patients (44%) required hospitalization for neutropenic fever. Median days of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia were 7 (2–20) and 8 (3–17). Median mobilization days, CD34+ cells/kg and total leukaphereses were 16 (12–30), 12.1 million (2.6–52.8), and 2 (1–5) respectively. Four patients (12.5 %) failed to achieve the target of 4 million CD34+ cells/kg in five leukaphereses. Reduction in myeloma was seen in 11 patients (34%) with 3 (9%) achieving complete response; 15 (47%) maintained prior responses. Estimated MM contamination per SCC (N=48) was 0.0009% (range 0–0.1) and 0.21 × 10 4 cells per kg (range 0–41.2). Increased contamination was associated with increased patient age. This strategy for mobilization is feasible, frequently requires hospitalization and transfusion, and controls disease in most patients.
Incidence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection in a large cohort of prisoners who have injected drugs

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among prisoners, particularly those with a history of injecting drug use (IDU). Incarcerated people who inject drugs frequently report high-risk injecting practices both in prison and in the community. In spite of rising morbidity and mortality, utilisation of HCV-related services in Australia has been persistently low. This study aimed to describe the incidence, prevalence and correlates of HCV seropositivity in a large cohort of prisoners who have injected drugs, and to identify correlates of receiving confirmation of active infection.


METHODS
Data-linkage to a State-wide statutory notifiable diseases surveillance system was used to investigate the incidence of notified HCV seropositivity, seroconversion and confirmed HCV infection in a cohort of 735 prisoners with a history of IDU, over 14 years of follow up. Hepatitis C test results from prison medical records were used to identify correlates of testing positive in prison.


RESULTS
The crude incidence of HCV notification was 5.1 cases per 100 person-years. By the end of follow up, 55.1% of the cohort had been the subject of a HCV-related notification, and 47.4% of those tested in prison were HCV seropositive. In multivariable analyses, injecting in prison was strongly associated with HCV seropositivity, as was opioid use compared to injection of other drugs. The rate of reported diagnostic confirmation among those with notified infections was very low, at 6.6 confirmations per 100 seropositive participants per year.


CONCLUSIONS
Injecting drugs in prison was strongly associated with HCV seropositivity, highlighting the need for increased provision of services to mitigate the risk of transmission within prisons. Once identified as seropositive through screening, people with a history of IDU and incarceration may not be promptly receiving diagnostic services, which are necessary if they are to access treatment. Improving access to HCV-related services will be of particular importance in the coming years, as HCV-related morbidity and mortality is increasing, and next generation therapies are becoming more widely available.
Women’s Autonomy and Unintended Pregnancy Among Currently Pregnant Women in Bangladesh

This paper examines the net effect of women’s autonomy on their pregnancy intention status among currently pregnant Bangladeshi women. This study is based on data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2007 (BDHS). A subset of interviews from currently pregnant women (718) were extracted from 10,146 married women of reproductive age. The BDHS 2007 used a pre-tested, structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, women’s empowerment, and pregnancy information. Associations between unintended pregnancy and explanatory variables were assessed using bivariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the net effect of women’s autonomy on current pregnancy intention status after controlling for other variables. Results indicate that women’s autonomy is a significant predictor of unintended pregnancy after adjusting for other factors. A unit increase in the autonomy scale decreases the odds of unintended pregnancy by 16%. Besides autonomy, our results also indicate that current age, number of children ever born, age at marriage, religion, media access, and contraceptive use exert strong influences over unintended pregnancy. Women who have ever used contraceptives are 82% more likely to classify their current pregnancies as unintended compared with women who are non-users of contraceptives. Improvement in women’s autonomy and effective and efficient use of contraceptives may reduce unintended pregnancies as well as improve reproductive health outcomes.
Music genre classification with machine learning techniques

The aim of this work is to predict the genres of songs by using machine learning techniques. For this purpose, feature extraction is done by using signal processing techniques, then machine learning algorithms are applied with those features to do a multiclass classification for music genres.
Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons

A two-dimensional quantum system with anyonic excitations can be considered as a quantum computer. Unitary transformations can be performed by moving the excitations around each other. Measurements can be performed by joining excitations in pairs and observing the result of fusion. Such computation is fault-tolerant by its physical nature. 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Elevated plasma miRNA-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 during early period of acute coronary syndrome are derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

OBJECTIVE
Our previous study has found that circulating microRNA (miRNA, or miR) -122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 are significantly elevated during early stage of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was conducted to determine the origin of these elevated plasma miRNAs in ACS.


METHODS
qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression profiles of these 5 miRNAs in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, skeletal muscles, and heart. To determine their origins, these miRNAs were detected in myocardium of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and as well in platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, including monocytes, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and lymphocytes) of the AMI pigs and ACS patients.


RESULTS
MiR-122 was specifically expressed in liver, and miR-140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were highly expressed in heart. Compared with the sham pigs, miR-122 was highly expressed in the border zone of the ischemic myocardium in the AMI pigs without ventricular fibrillation (P < 0.01), miR-122 and -720 were decreased in platelets of the AMI pigs, and miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were increased in PBMCs of the AMI pigs (all P < 0.05). Compared with the non-ACS patients, platelets miR-720 was decreased and PBMCs miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 were increased in the ACS patients (all P < 0.01). Furthermore, PBMCs miR-122, -720, and -3149 were increased in the AMI patients compared with the unstable angina (UA) patients (all P < 0.05). Further origin identification revealed that the expression levels of miR-122 in CECs and lymphocytes, miR-140-3p and -2861 in monocytes and CECs, miR-720 in monocytes, and miR-3149 in CECs were greatly up-regulated in the ACS patients compared with the non-ACS patients, and were higher as well in the AMI patients than that in the UA patients except for the miR-122 in CECs (all P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
The elevated plasma miR-122, -140-3p, -720, -2861, and -3149 in the ACS patients were mainly originated from CECs and monocytes.
Automatic urban building boundary extraction from high resolution aerial images using an innovative model of active contours

To present a new method for building boundary detection and extraction based on the active contour model, is the main objective of this research. Classical models of this type are associated with several shortcomings; they require extensive initialization, they are sensitive to noise, and adjustment issues often become problematic with complex images. In this research a new model of active contours has been proposed that is optimized for the automatic building extraction. This new active contour model, in comparison to the classical ones, can detect and extract the building boundaries more accurately, and is capable of avoiding detection of the boundaries of features in the neighborhood of buildings such as streets and trees. Finally, the detected building boundaries are generalized to obtain a regular shape for building boundaries. Tests with our proposed model demonstrate excellent accuracy in terms of building boundary extraction. However, due to the radiometric similarity between building roofs and the image background, our system fails to recognize a few buildings. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.