LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The King's Bedpost: Reformation and Iconography in a Tudor Group Portrait

List of illustrations Preface 1. Edward VI and the Pope 2. A painting of 1549-49? 3. The council in 1547 4. The Memorial of Lord Darnley: another text-picture 5. The young Josiah 6. Bible illustrations 7. Josiah in art 8. Maarten van Heemskerck 9. Edward VI and Heemskerck 10. Bedpost and column 11. The idolatry of Rome 12. Elizabeth and iconoclasm 13. The queen's idol 14. London's idol 15. Elizabeth as Hezekiah 16. Tudor group portraits 17. The falling Pope 18. John Foxe and The Acts and Monuments of 1570 19. Marcus Gheeraerts the elder 20. Hadrianus Junius 21. Junius, Heemskerck, and Elizabeth 22. Junius, Foxe, and the Howards 23. Idolatry again 24. Sequel 25. Conclusion.
2 Problems with the Use of Cross-Country Data in the Study of Economic Growth 2 . 1 . Data Problems

– The recent work on cross-country regressions can be compared to looking at “a black cat in a dark room”. Whether or not all this work has accomplished anything on the substantive economic issues is a moot question. But the search for “a black cat ” has led to some progress on the econometric front. The purpose of this paper is to comment on this progress. We discuss the problems with the use of cross-country panel data in the context of two problems: The analysis of economic growth and that of the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory. A propos de l’emploi des méthodes de panel sur des données inter-pays RÉSUMÉ. – Les travaux récents utilisant des régressions inter-pays peuvent être comparés à la recherche d'« un chat noir dans une pièce sans lumière ». La question de savoir si ces travaux ont apporté quelque chose de significatif à la connaissance économique est assez controversée. Mais la recherche du « chat noir » a conduit à quelques progrès en économétrie. L'objet de cet article est de discuter de ces progrès. Les problèmes posés par l'utilisation de panels de pays sont discutés dans deux contextes : celui de la croissance économique et de la convergence d'une part ; celui de la théorie de la parité des pouvoirs d'achat d'autre part. * G.S. MADDALA: Department of Economics, The Ohio State University. I would like to thank M. NERLOVE, P. SEVESTRE and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Responsability for the omissions and any errors is my own. ANNALES D’ÉCONOMIE ET DE STATISTIQUE. – N° 55-56 – 1999 « The Gods love the obscure and hate the obvious » BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD
The Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Where is philosophy at the year 2000 and where should it be going in the new millennium? Based on the Royal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series 1999–2000, this book is written by leading international philosophers and covers the broad range of philosophical enquiry including ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of mind and consciousness, philosophy of time, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and philosophy and environment.
Light and electron microscopic studies of Myxobolus stomum n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting the blackspotted grunt Plectorhynicus gaterinus (Forsskal, 1775) in the Red Sea, Egypt

A new myxosporean parasite, Myxobolus stomum n. sp., is described from the oral cavity and lips of the blackspotted grunt Plectorhynicus gaterinus (Forsskal, 1775) in the Red Sea, Egypt. The parasite was observed as tiny aggregates of whitish cysts hardly noticed within the muscles of the oral cavity, especially within the lips. The spores were subspherical and measured 8.5×6.5 μm. Polar capsules were equal, pear-shaped, occupied about half of the spore length and measured 4.4×2.4 μm. Histological evaluation of the infection revealed no significant impact on the host. The ultrastructure of the plasmodial wall and sporogenesis of the present species followed the usual pattern valid for most studied myxosporean species.
Novel Applications of Machine Learning in Software Testing

Machine learning techniques have long been used for various purposes in software engineering. This paper provides a brief overview of the state of the art and reports on a number of novel applications I was involved with in the area of software testing. Reflecting on this personal experience, I draw lessons learned and argue that more research should be performed in that direction as machine learning has the potential to significantly help in addressing some of the long-standing software testing problems.
Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Image

References 1. Guan, P., Weiss, A., Balan, A., Black, M.J.: Estimating human shape and pose from a single image. ICCV 2009 2. Pishchulin, L., Insafutdinov, E., Tang, S., Andres, B., Andriluka, M., Gehler, P., Schiele, B.: DeepCut: Joint subset partition and labeling for multi person pose estimation. CVPR 2016 3. Loper, M., Mahmood, N., Romero, J., Pons-Moll, G., Black, M.J.: SMPL: A skinned multi-person linear model. SIGGRAPH Asia 2015 4. Akhter, I., Black, M.J.: Pose-conditioned joint angle limits for 3D human pose reconstruction. CVPR 2015 5. Ramakrishna, V., Kanade, T., Sheikh, Y.: Reconstructing 3D Human Pose from 2D Image Landmarks. ECCV 2012 6. Zhou, X., Zhu, M., Leonardos, S., Derpanis, K., Daniilidis, K.: Sparse representation for 3D shape estimation: A convex relaxation approach. CVPR. 2015 Data: Projected joints from 1000 synthetic 3D models + noise.
Exploring the influence of personal schema on trust transfer and switching costs in brick-and-click bookstores

Due to competition, most firms try to retain and lock in customers; this is likely to ensure a greater market profit than that gained by acquiring new customers. While many studies have investigated customer satisfaction and retention in online and offline firms, scant research exists on customer satisfaction and customer retention in the context of brick-and-click firms: i.e., those that conduct business both online and in stores. Such firms encourage trust transfer among their customers. However, most studies have failed to consider the role of personal schema in trust transfer. Based on social exchange, investment, and information integration theories, we analyzed the impact of trust transfer, switching costs, and personal schema on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions in the context of an offline bookstore that has now launched an online business. Our results indicated that trust transfer and switching costs had a small effect on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Personal schema, however, affected both customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Trunk rotational strength asymmetry in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: an observational study

BACKGROUND
Recent reports have suggested a rotational strength weakness in rotations to the concave side in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. There have been no studies presenting normative values of female adolescent trunk rotational strength to which a comparison of female adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis could be made. The purpose of this study was to determine trunk rotational strength asymmetry in a group of female adolescents with AIS and a comparison group of healthy female adolescents without scoliosis.


METHODS
Twenty-six healthy adolescent females served as the healthy group (HG) (average age 14 years) and fourteen otherwise healthy adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis served as the idiopathic scoliosis group (ISG) (average age 13.5 years, average Cobb 28 degrees ). Participant's isometric trunk rotational strength was measured in five randomly ordered trunk positions: neutral, 18 degrees and 36 degrees of right and left pre-rotation. Rotational strength asymmetry was compared within each group and between the two groups using several different measures.


RESULTS
The HG showed strength asymmetry in the 36 degrees pre-rotated trunk positions when rotating towards the midline (p < 0.05). The ISG showed strength asymmetry when rotating towards the concavity of their primary curve from the neutral position (p < 0.05) and when rotating towards the concavity from the 18 degrees (p < 0.05) and 36 degrees (p < 0.05) concave pre-rotated positions. The ISG is significantly weaker than the HG when rotating away from the midline toward the concave (ISG)-left (HG) side from the concave/left pre-rotated 18 degrees (p < 0.05) and 36 degrees (p < 0.05) positions.


CONCLUSION
The AIS females were found to be significantly weaker when contracting toward their main curve concavity in the neutral and concave pre-rotated positions compared to contractions toward the convexity. These weaknesses were also demonstrated when compared to the group of healthy female adolescent controls. Possible mechanisms for the strength asymmetry in ISG are discussed.
Protective effect of budesonide/formoterol compared with formoterol, salbutamol and placebo on repeated provocations with inhaled AMP in patients with asthma: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study

BACKGROUND
The budesonide/formoterol combination is successfully used for fast relief of asthma symptoms in addition to its use as maintenance therapy. The temporarily increased corticosteroid dose during increasing inhaler use for symptom relief is likely to suppress any temporary increase in airway inflammation and may mitigate or prevent asthma exacerbations. The relative contribution of the budesonide and formoterol components to the improved asthma control is unclear.


METHODS
The acute protective effect of inhaled budesonide was tested in a model of temporarily increased airway inflammation with repeated indirect airway challenges, mimicking an acute asthma exacerbation. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study design was used. Asthmatic patients (n = 17, mean FEV1 95% of predicted) who previously demonstrated a > or = 30% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after inhaling adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), were challenged on four consecutive test days, with the same dose of AMP (at 09:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours). Within 1 minute of the maximal AMP-induced bronchoconstriction at 09:00 hours, the patients inhaled one dose of either budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 microg), formoterol (4.5 microg), salbutamol (2 x 100 microg) or placebo. The protective effects of the randomised treatments were assessed by serial lung function measurements over the test day.


RESULTS
In the AMP provocations at 3 and 7 hours after inhalation, the budesonide/formoterol combination provided a greater protective effect against AMP-induced bronchoconstriction compared with formoterol alone, salbutamol and placebo. In addition all three active treatments significantly increased FEV1 within 3 minutes of administration, at a time when inhaled AMP had induced the 30% fall in FEV1.


CONCLUSIONS
A single dose of budesonide/formoterol provided a greater protective effect against inhaled AMP-induced bronchoconstriction than formoterol alone, both at 3 and at 7 hours after inhalation. The acute protection against subsequent bronchoconstrictor stimuli such as inhaled AMP and the rapid reversal of airway obstruction supports the use of budesonide/formoterol for both relief and prevention in the treatment of asthma.
Electroluminescent polymers: materials, physics and device engineering

Abstract Conjugated polymer electroluminescence is now entering the stage of commercial development for lighting and display applications. Progress to this point has been fast and furious and has relied on a synthesis of chemistry, materials science, physics and device engineering. Lasers are a new focus of interest.
Options and volatility

mean level over a fixed time interval. Careful modeling of an asset’s volatility is crucial for the valuation of options and of portfolios containing options or securities with implicit options (for example, callable Treasury bonds) as well as for the success of many trading strategies involving options. The problem of pricing options is one confronting not only option traders but also, increasingly, a broad spectrum of investors. In particular, institutional investors’ portfolios frequently contain options or securities with embedded options. More and more, riskmanagement practices of financial institutions as well as of other corporate users of derivatives require frequent valuation of securities portfolios to determine current value and to gauge portfolios’ sensitivities to market risk factors, including changes in volatility (see Peter A. Abken 1994). A model of volatility is needed for managing portfolios containing options (including derivatives and other securities containing options) for which market quotes are not readily available and that consequently must be marked to model (that is, valued by model) rather than marked to market. Accurate assessments of volatility are also key inputs into the construction of hedges, which limit risk exposures, for such portfolios. Because of the central role that volatility plays in derivative valuation and hedging, a substantial literature is devoted to the specification of volatility and its measurement. Modeling volatility is challenging because volatility in financial and commodity markets appears to be highly unpredictable. There has been a proliferation of volatility specifications since the original, simple constant-volatility assumption of the famous option pricing model developed by Fischer Black and Myron S. Scholes (1973). This article gives an overview of different specifications of asset price volatility that are widely used in option pricing models.
Hospital nurses' attitudes toward patients with a history of illicit drug use.

Negative attitudes toward patients with a history of illicit drug use can adversely affect the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, resulting in suboptimal patient care. We examined registered nurses' attitudes toward patients with illicit drug use (e.g., non-prescription use of opioids and narcotics, use of illicit drugs) admitted to the general internal medicine unit of an urban hospital and attempted to identify nurse-specific and environmental factors influencing these attitudes. The results indicated that nurses had a neutral attitude toward working with patients with a history of illicit drug use, but respondents also had low motivation and role support (i.e., perception of receiving support to fulfil one's professional role) related to caring for this high-risk population. The authors suggest greater use of organizational tools, such as protocols, consult services and in-services, to address nurses' clinical concerns and support therapeutic nurse-patient relationships and thereby enhance care delivery.
A discrete dynamic game modelling anti-missile defense scenarios

A discretized game model of an anti-missile defense scenario is presented. Such an engagement is a pursuit of a "blind" evader, committed to satisfy a terminal constraint. It can be formulated as an incomplete information zero-sum pursuit-evasion game with state constraint. Such a game becomes non trivial if the evader has higher maneuverability than the pursuer. In this case the game admits a saddle-point solution in mixed strategies. Two simple examples illustrate the major elements of the solution.
Forced Collision: Detecting Wormhole Attacks with Physical Layer Network Coding*

Previous research on security of network coding focused on the protection of data dissemination procedures and the detection of malicious activities such as pollution attacks. The capabilities of network coding to detect other attacks have not been fully explored. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism based on physical layer network coding to detect wormhole attacks. When two signal sequences collide at the receiver, the starting point of the collision is determined by the distances between the receiver and the senders. Therefore, by comparing the starting points of the collisions at two receivers, we can estimate the distance between them and detect fake neighbor connections via wormholes. While the basic idea is clear, we have proposed several schemes at both physical and network layers to transform the idea into a practical approach. Simulations using BPSK modulation at the physical layer show that the wireless nodes can effectively detect fake neighbor connections without the adoption of special hardware or time
Factors associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND
Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias can cause disability and reduce quality of life for patients with Parkinson disease (PD).


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate factors associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias and to assess the sequence in which they occur in individual patients.


DESIGN
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial comparing pramipexole dihydrochloride and levodopa as initial treatment for PD. Subjects were followed up for 48 to 58 months and evaluated at 3-month intervals for the presence of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias.


SETTING
Academic and private practices. Patients Three hundred one patients with early Parkinson disease were enrolled in this study between October 2, 1996, and August 21, 1997, and were observed through August 24, 2001, when the last patient enrolled completed 4 years of follow-up.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Order of appearance of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, time to the first occurrence of motor fluctuations, and time to the first occurrence of dyskinesias.


RESULTS
One hundred eighty-nine subjects (62.8%) developed motor complications. Of these, 71 (37.6%) developed fluctuations but not dyskinesias, 23 (12.2%) developed dyskinesias but not fluctuations, 48 (25.4%) developed fluctuations before dyskinesias, 33 (17.5%) developed dyskinesias before fluctuations, and 14 (7.4%) developed both at the same time. Factors significantly associated with earlier occurrence of dyskinesia were Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2 or higher, cumulative levodopa dose, cumulative levodopa equivalent dose (levodopa plus pramipexole), and occurrence of motor fluctuations. Pramipexole treatment was associated with later occurrence of dyskinesias. Factors associated with earlier occurrence of motor fluctuations were cumulative levodopa dose, cumulative levodopa equivalent dose, and occurrence of dyskinesias. Factors associated with later occurrence of motor fluctuations were age at onset of 65 years or older and pramipexole treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Higher cumulative levodopa doses and higher cumulative levodopa equivalent doses (levodopa plus pramipexole) were associated with the earlier occurrence of motor complications. Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias appear to be interrelated because the presence of one is associated with the earlier development of the other.
Reducing rework to enhance project performance levels

Rework in construction projects is referred to as the unnecessary effort of redoing a process or activity that was incorrectly implemented in the first instance. In construction projects, rework can result from an array of factors such as errors, omissions, failures, changes, poor communication and poor coordination. Rework could adversely affect the performance and productivity and ultimately the profit margins as well. For example, some previous studies identified that costs of rework could add around 10% to the total project costs. However, the literature also suggests that rework is mostly unnecessary and avoidable. A pilot study is being conducted in Hong Kong to explore the rework occurrences in the local construction industry. In this paper, some discussions regarding the significance of reducing rework and an overview of rework factors are presented. Also, a structured framework for rework management has been proposed so as to enhance the project performance levels.
Functional and Muscular Adaptations in an Experimental Model for Isometric Strength Training in Mice

Exercise training induces muscular adaptations that are highly specific to the type of exercise. For a systematic study of the differentiated exercise adaptations on a molecular level mouse models have been used successfully. The aim of the current study was to develop a suitable mouse model of isometric strength exercise training characterized by specific adaptations known from strength training. C57BL/6 mice performed an isometric strength training (ST) for 10 weeks 5 days/week. Additionally, either a sedentary control group (CT) or a regular endurance training group (ET) groups were used as controls. Performance capacity was determined by maximum holding time (MHT) and treadmill spirometry, respectively. Furthermore, muscle fiber types and diameter, muscular concentration of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHa), and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) were determined. In a further approach, the effect of ST on glucose intolerance was tested in diabetic mice. In mice of the ST group we observed an increase of MHT in isometric strength tests, a type II fiber hypertrophy, and an increased GLUT4 protein content in the membrane fraction. In contrast, in mice of the ET group an increase of VO(2max), a shift to oxidative muscle fiber type and an increase of oxidative enzyme content was measured. Furthermore strength training was effective in reducing glucose intolerance in mice fed a high fat diet. An effective murine strength training model was developed and evaluated, which revealed marked differences in adaptations known from endurance training. This approach seems also suitable to test for therapeutical effects of strength training.
Crosslinking biopolymers for biomedical applications.

Biomaterials made from proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic biopolymers are preferred but lack the mechanical properties and stability in aqueous environments necessary for medical applications. Crosslinking improves the properties of the biomaterials, but most crosslinkers either cause undesirable changes to the functionality of the biopolymers or result in cytotoxicity. Glutaraldehyde, the most widely used crosslinking agent, is difficult to handle and contradictory views have been presented on the cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked materials. Recently, poly(carboxylic acids) that can crosslink in both dry and wet conditions have been shown to provide the desired improvements in tensile properties, increase in stability under aqueous conditions, and also promote cell attachment and proliferation. Green chemicals and newer crosslinking approaches are necessary to obtain biopolymeric materials with properties desired for medical applications.
Clustering Text Data Streams

Clustering text data streams is an important issue in data mining community and has a number of applications such as news group filtering, text crawling, document organization and topic detection and tracing etc. However, most methods are similarity-based approaches and only use the TF*IDF scheme to represent the semantics of text data and often lead to poor clustering quality. Recently, researchers argue that semantic smoothing model is more efficient than the existing TF*IDF scheme for improving text clustering quality. However, the existing semantic smoothing model is not suitable for dynamic text data context. In this paper, we extend the semantic smoothing model into text data streams context firstly. Based on the extended model, we then present two online clustering algorithms OCTS and OCTSM for the clustering of massive text data streams. In both algorithms, we also present a new cluster statistics structure named cluster profile which can capture the semantics of text data streams dynamically and at the same time speed up the clustering process. Some efficient implementations for our algorithms are also given. Finally, we present a series of experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of our technique.