LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Reference charts of fetal biometric parameters in 31,476 Brazilian singleton pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to establish reference charts of fetal biometric parameters measured by 2-dimensional sonography in a large Brazilian population.


METHODS
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted including 31,476 low-risk singleton pregnancies between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation. The following fetal parameters were measured: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight. To assess the correlation between the fetal biometric parameters and gestational age, polynomial regression models were created, with adjustments made by the determination coefficient (R(2)).


RESULTS
The means ± SDs of the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight measurements at 18 and 38 weeks were 4.2 ± 2.34 and 9.1 ± 4.0 cm, 15.3 ± 7.56 and 32.3 ± 11.75 cm, 13.3 ± 10.42 and 33.4 ± 20.06 cm, 2.8 ± 2.17 and 7.2 ± 3.58 cm, and 256.34 ± 34.03 and 3169.55 ± 416.93 g, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between all fetal biometric parameters and gestational age, best represented by second-degree equations, with R(2) values of 0.95, 0.96, 0.95, 0.95, and 0.95 for biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight.


CONCLUSIONS
Fetal biometric parameters were determined for a large Brazilian population, and they may serve as reference values in cases with a high risk of intrauterine growth disorders.
Imperative Functional Programming

We present a new model, based on monads, for performing input/output in a non-strict, purely functional language. It is composable, extensible, efficient, requires no extensions to the type system, and extends smoothly to incorporate mixed-language working and in-place array updates.
Incentives versus Transaction Costs: A Theory of Procurement Contracts

Inspired by facts from the private-sector construction industry, we develop a model that explains many stylized facts of procurement contracts. The buyer in our model incurs a cost of providing a comprehensive design and is faced with a tradeoff between providing incentives and reducing ex post transaction costs due to costly renegotiation. We show that cost-plus contracts are preferred to fixed-price contracts when a project is more complex. We briefly discuss how fixed-price or cost-plus contracts might be preferred to other incentive contracts. Finally, our model provides some microfoundations for ideas from Transaction Cost Economics. Copyright 2001 by the RAND Corporation.
Nasari: Integrating explicit knowledge and corpus statistics for a multilingual representation of concepts and entities

Owing to the need for a deep understanding of linguistic items, semantic representation is considered to be one of the fundamental components of several applications in Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. As a result, semantic representation has been one of the prominent research areas in lexical semantics over the past decades. However, due mainly to the lack of large sense-annotated corpora, most existing representation techniques are limited to the lexical level and thus cannot be effectively applied to individual word senses. In this paper we put forward a novel multilingual vector representation, called Nasari, which not only enables accurate representation of word senses in different languages, but it also provides two main advantages over existing approaches: (1) high coverage, including both concepts and named entities, (2) comparability across languages and linguistic levels (i.e., words, senses and concepts), thanks to the representation of linguistic items in a single unified semantic space and in a joint embedded space, respectively. Moreover, our representations are flexible, can be applied to multiple applications and are freely available at http://lcl.uniroma1.it/nasari/. As evaluation benchmark, we opted for four different tasks, namely, word similarity, sense clustering, domain labeling, and Word Sense Disambiguation, for each of which we report state-of-the-art performance on several standard datasets across different languages.
Review of shape representation and description techniques

More and more images have been generated in digital form around the world. There is a growing interest in 1nding images in large collections or from remote databases. In order to 1nd an image, the image has to be described or represented by certain features. Shape is an important visual feature of an image. Searching for images using shape features has attracted much attention. There are many shape representation and description techniques in the literature. In this paper, we classify and review these important techniques. We examine implementation procedures for each technique and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. Some recent research results are also included and discussed in this paper. Finally, we identify some promising techniques for image retrieval according to standard principles. ? 2003 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of an apolipoprotein A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein-mimetic particle (CER-001) on carotid artery wall thickness in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: The Modifying Orphan Disease Evaluation (MODE) study.

BACKGROUND
Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) are at extremely elevated risk for early cardiovascular disease because of exposure to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plasma levels from birth. Lowering LDL-C by statin therapy is the cornerstone for cardiovascular disease prevention, but the residual risk in HoFH remains high, emphasizing the need for additional therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of serial infusions with CER-001, a recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein-mimetic particle, on carotid artery wall dimensions in patients with HoFH.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twenty-three patients (mean age 39.4 ± 13.5 years, mean LDL-C 214.2 ± 81.5 mg/dL) with genetically confirmed homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or LDLRAP1 mutations received 12 biweekly infusions with CER-001 (8 mg/kg). Before and 1 hour after the first infusion, lipid values were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging (3-T magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the carotid arteries were acquired at baseline and after 24 weeks to assess changes in artery wall dimensions. After CER-001 infusion, apoA-I increased from 114.8 ± 20.7 mg/dL to 129.3 ± 23.0 mg/dL. After 24 weeks, mean vessel wall area (primary end point) decreased from 17.23 to 16.75 mm(2) (P = .008). A trend toward reduction of mean vessel wall thickness was observed (0.75 mm at baseline and 0.74 mm at follow-up, P = .0835).


CONCLUSIONS
In HoFH, 12 biweekly infusions with an apoA-I-containing high-density lipoprotein-mimetic particle resulted in a significant reduction in carotid mean vessel wall area, implying that CER-001 may reverse atherogenic changes in the arterial wall on top of maximal low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapy. This finding supports further clinical evaluation of apoA-I-containing particles in patients with HoFH.
Histologic comparison between platelet-rich plasma and blood clot in regenerative endodontic treatment: an animal study.

INTRODUCTION
In regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) for immature permanent tooth, better treatment results could be obtained by applying platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as the scaffold rather than the blood clot. The goal of this study was to compare the histologic differences between using PRP and blood clot in RET.


METHODS
Three 6-month-old beagles each carrying 9 premolars with double root canals were randomly assigned to the PRP group, blood clot group, or negative control group. All experimental teeth suffered apical periodontitis, and RET was performed. In the blood clot group, bleeding was induced from the periapical tissues to fill the canal space. In the PRP group, autologous PRP was injected into each root canal. The animals were sacrificed 3 months later. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Statistical analysis was performed by the Fisher exact test, with the significance set at 0.05.


RESULTS
With the ingrowth of cellular cementumlike tissues, the canal wall was thickened, and the apical apex was closed in both the PRP and blood clot groups. Cementocytelike cells were present in the newly formed tissues. Meanwhile, no statistical difference was found in both experimental groups for the average percentage of apical closure, new tissue formation, and pulplike tissue formation. Noticeably, a large number of inflammatory cells were present in some root canals in both groups although the postoperative radiograph revealed the disappearance of periapical radiolucency.


CONCLUSIONS
PRP application could be an option for clinical cases in which little or no bleeding were found when irritating the apical tissue during RET.
Fractionation of beta-Lactoglobulin from whey by mixed matrix membrane ion exchange chromatography.

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which incorporate adsorptive particles during membrane casting, can be prepared simply and have performances that are competitive with other membrane chromatography materials. The application of MMM chromatography for fractionation of beta-Lactoglobulin from bovine whey is described in this article. MMM chromatography was prepared using ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer and lewatit anion exchange resin to form a flat sheet membrane. The membrane was characterized in terms of structure and its static and dynamic binding capacities were measured. The optimum binding for beta-Lactoglobulin was found to be at pH 6.0 using 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The MMM had a static binding capacity of 120 mg/g membrane (36 mg/mL membrane) and 90 mg/g membrane (27 mg/mL membrane) for beta-Lactoglobulin and alpha-Lactalbumin, respectively. In batch fractionation of whey, the MMM showed selective binding towards beta-Lactoglobulin compared to other proteins. The dynamic binding capacity of beta-Lactoglobulin in whey solution was about 80 mg/g membrane (24 mg beta-Lac/mL of MMM), which is promising for whey fractionation using this technology. This is the first reported application of MMM chromatography to a dairy feed stream.
Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

OBJECTIVE
To present estimates of the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders with and without severe impairment, their comorbidity across broad classes of disorder, and their sociodemographic correlates.


METHOD
The National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement NCS-A is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in the continental United States. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview.


RESULTS
Anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%), followed by behavior disorders (19.1%), mood disorders (14.3%), and substance use disorders (11.4%), with approximately 40% of participants with one class of disorder also meeting criteria for another class of lifetime disorder. The overall prevalence of disorders with severe impairment and/or distress was 22.2% (11.2% with mood disorders, 8.3% with anxiety disorders, and 9.6% behavior disorders). The median age of onset for disorder classes was earliest for anxiety (6 years), followed by 11 years for behavior, 13 years for mood, and 15 years for substance use disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide the first prevalence data on a broad range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Approximately one in every four to five youth in the U.S. meets criteria for a mental disorder with severe impairment across their lifetime. The likelihood that common mental disorders in adults first emerge in childhood and adolescence highlights the need for a transition from the common focus on treatment of U.S. youth to that of prevention and early intervention.
OLAM: A wearable, non-contact sensor for continuous heart-rate and activity monitoring

A wearable, multi-modal sensor is presented that can non-invasively monitor a patient's activity level and heart function concurrently for more than a week. The 4in2 sensor incorporates both a non-contact heartrate sensor and a 5-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), allowing simultaneous heart, respiration, and movement monitoring without requiring physical contact with the skin [1]. Hence, this Oregon State University Life and Activity Monitor (OLAM) provides the unique opportunity to combine motion data with heart-rate information, enabling assessment of actual physical activity beyond conventional movement sensors. OLAM also provides a unique platform for non-contact sensing, enabling the filtering of movement artifacts generated by the non-contact capacitive interface, using the IMU data as a movement noise channel. Intended to be used in clinical trials for weeks at a time with no physician intervention, the OLAM allows continuous non-invasive monitoring of patients, providing the opportunity for long-term observation into a patient's physical activity and subtle longitudinal changes.
The impact of school choice and public policy on segregation: Evidence from Chile

School choice advocates argue that the introduction of vouchers can make improved educational opportunity available to the most disadvantaged children. Critics contend that vouchers increase the risk of exacerbating inequities based on race and socioeconomic status. They are worried about whether disadvantaged parents have enough information to make good choices and whether parental preferences will lead families to select schools based on the race or class composition of their student bodies and not on their academic quality. Critics also fear that in order to remain competitive and save costs, private schools will have incentives to skim off the highest performing students who are usually least demanding in terms of resources. Most evidence in Chile confirms skeptics’ concerns. Researchers have found that Chile’s unrestricted flat per-pupil voucher program has lead to increased stratification across public and private schools. What has been overlooked, however, is segregation between schools within a sector and variation within private voucher forprofit and non-profit (religious and secular) school sectors. Using a highly detailed dataset, I examine public and private school segregation. I find that public schools are more likely to serve disadvantaged – low-income and indigenous – students than private voucher schools. I also find that the typical public school is more internally diverse with regard to ethnicity and socioeconomic status than the typical private voucher school. While differential behavior is also found across private school ownership types, the differences do not always comport with theory. The data suggest that school tuition is much more important than other factors in explaining segregation patterns between and within school sectors. I also find that policies that provide incentives for schools to enroll disadvantaged students can help to mitigate the stratifying effects of educational vouchers.
Biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with <ce:italic>Penicillium griseopurpureum</ce:italic> Smith and <ce:italic>Penicillium glabrum</ce:italic> (Wehmer) Westling

Microbial transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 1) using Penicillium griseopurpureum Smith and Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling has been investigated. Neither fungi had been examined previously for steroid biotransformation. One novel metabolic product of DHEA (1) transformed with P. griseopurpureum Smith, 15α-hydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homo-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (5), was reported for the first time. The steroid products were assigned by interpretation of their spectral data such as (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, IR, and HR-MS spectroscopy. P. griseopurpureum Smith was proven to be remarkably efficient in oxidation of the DHEA (1) into androst-4-en-3,17-dione (2). The strain was also observed to yield different monooxygenases to introduce hydroxyl groups at C-7α, -14α, and -15α positions of steroids. Preference for Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to lactonize D ring and oxidation of the 3β-alcohol to the 3-ketone were observed in both incubations. The strain of P. glabrum (Wehmer) Westling catalyzed the steroid 1 to generate both testololactone 3, and d-lactone product with 3β-hydroxy-5-en moiety 8. In addition, the strain promoted hydrogenation of the C-5 and C-6 positions, leading to the formation of 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homo-5α-androstan-3,17-dione (9). The biotransformation pathways of DHEA (1) with P. glabrum (Wehmer) Westling and P. griseopurpureum Smith have been investigated, respectively. Possible metabolic pathways of DHEA (1) were proposed.
Radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmias guided by non-fluoroscopic catheter location: a prospective randomized trial.

AIMS
To compare the utility of non-fluoroscopic mapping systems (Carto and Ensite NavX) with that of conventional mapping in patients referred for catheter ablation of a wide variety of arrhythmias.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients referred for catheter ablation (excluding atrial fibrillation, atypical atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease, and complete AV nodal ablation) were randomized equally to a procedure guided by Carto, Ensite NavX, or conventional mapping. A total of 145 patients were recruited (82 men, aged 49+/-16, range 18-85). In 19 patients, no ablation was performed, and in the remaining, typical atrial flutter, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardias [including Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)] accounted for 93% of ablations. Overall procedure time, immediate and short-term success, complication rate, and freedom from symptoms at follow-up were identical for all groups. NavX led to the least X-ray exposure: Navx vs. conventional, median (range): 4 (0-50) vs. 13 (2-46) min (P<0.001); NavX vs. Carto, median (range): 4 (0-50) vs. 6 (1-55) min (P=0.008). Both Carto and NavX increased disposable costs by 50% when compared with conventional (P<0.001). For typical atrial flutter, Carto and NavX reduced screening times without increasing procedure cost. If ablation was not performed, NavX was twice as expensive as Carto or conventional.


CONCLUSION
Ensite NavX and Carto procedures have similar effectiveness and safety to a conventional approach; however, they both reduce X-ray exposure, with NavX producing a significantly greater effect than Carto. Although this benefit is achieved at a greater financial cost, there may be long-term benefits to catheter laboratory staff.
Palm Vein Authentication System: A Review

This paper presents a review on the palm vein authentication device that uses blood vessel patterns as a personal identifying factor. The vein information is hard to duplicate since veins are internal to the human body. The palm vein authentication technology offers a high level of accuracy. Palm vein authentication uses the vascular patterns of an individual’s palm as personal identification data. Compared with a finger or the back of a hand, a palm has a broader and more complicated vascular pattern and thus contains a wealth of differentiating features for personal identification. The importance of biometrics in the current field of Security has been depicted in this work. We have also outlined opinions about the utility of biometric authentication systems, comparison between different techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in this paper. Several banks in Japan have used the palm vein authentication technology for customer identification since July 2004. In addition, Fujitsu has integrated the technology into the access control of electronic door lock systems. Fujitsu plans to further expand applications for this technology by downsizing the sensor and improving the verification speed.
Dermatology on Instagram: An Analysis of Hashtags.

Forty-two percent of Americans search for health-related information on social media platforms, and forty-five percent of consumers report that social media health information influences their decision to seek care.
Enterprise resource planning systems, strategic enterprise management systems and management accounting: A Danish study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge about to what extent integrated information systems, such as ERP and SEM systems, affect the ability to solve different management accounting tasks. Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between IIS and management accounting practices was investigated quantitatively. A total of 349 responses were collected using a survey, and the data were analysed using linear regression models. Findings – Analyses indicate that ERP systems support the data collection and the organisational breadth of management accounting better than SEM systems. SEM systems, on the other hand, seem to be better at supporting reporting and analysis. In addition, modern management accounting techniques involving the use of non-financial data are better supported by an SEM system. This indicates that different management accounting tasks are supported by different parts of the IIS. Research limitations/implications – The study applies the methods of quantitative research. Thus, the internal validity is threatened. Conducting in-depth studies might be able to reduce this possible shortcoming. Practical implications – On the basis of the findings, there is a need to consider the potential of closer integration of ERP and SEM systems in order to solve management accounting tasks. Originality/value – This paper adds to the limited body of knowledge about the relationship between IIS and management accounting practices.
Cloud Computing: Opportunities and Challenges

We live and operate in the world of computing and computers. The Internet has drastically changed the computing world from the concept of parallel computing to distributed computing to grid computing and now to cloud computing. Cloud computing is a new wave in the field of information technology. Some see it as an emerging field in computer science. It consists of a set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Hence, "cloud computing" is also called "Internet computing." The word "cloud" is a metaphor for describing the Web as a space where computing has been preinstalled and exists as a service. Operating systems, applications, storage, data, and processing capacity all exist on the Web, ready to be shared among users. Figure 1 shows a conceptual diagram of cloud computing.
Automatic cry detection in early childhood education settings

We present results on applying a novel machine learning approach for learning auditory moods in natural environments [1] to the problem of detecting crying episodes in preschool classrooms. The resulting system achieved levels of performance approaching that of human coders and also significantly outperformed previous approaches to this problem [2].
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions

This paper reviews the state of the art in piezoelectric energy harvesting. It presents the basics of piezoelectricity and discusses materials choice. The work places emphasis on material operating modes and device configurations, from resonant to non-resonant devices and also to rotational solutions. The reviewed literature is compared based on power density and bandwidth. Lastly, the question of power conversion is addressed by reviewing various circuit solutions.