LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Pre-engagement cohabitation and gender asymmetry in marital commitment.

The authors longitudinally examined couples' (N = 197) dedication (interpersonal commitment) levels on the basis of their premarital cohabitation history. Findings suggested that men who cohabited with their spouse before engagement were less dedicated than men who cohabited only after engagement or not at all before marriage. Furthermore, these husbands were less dedicated to their wives than their wives were to them. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that such asymmetries were apparent before marriage and through the early years of marriage. Relationship adjustment and religiousness were related to dedication but did not account for the findings. The authors suggest that couples considering cohabitation before engagement could benefit from discussions about commitment and expectations about marriage.
Genital Findings in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse: Genital vs Vaginal Penetration.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
To (1) examine the prevalence of abnormal genital findings in a large cohort of female children presenting with concerns of sexual abuse; and (2) explore how children use language when describing genital contact and genital anatomy.


DESIGN
In this prospective study we documented medical histories and genital findings in all children who met inclusion criteria. Findings were categorized as normal, indeterminate, and diagnostic of trauma. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effects of key covariates on predicting diagnostic findings. Children older than 4 years of age were asked questions related to genital anatomy to assess their use of language.


SETTING
A regional, university-affiliated sexual abuse clinic.


PARTICIPANTS
Female children (N = 1500) aged from birth to 17 years (inclusive) who received an anogenital examination with digital images.


INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Physical exam findings, medical history, and the child's use of language were recorded.


RESULTS
Physical findings were determined in 99% (n = 1491) of patients. Diagnostic findings were present in 7% (99 of 1491). After adjusting for age, acuity, and type of sexual contact reported by the adult, the estimated odds of diagnostic findings were 12.5 times higher for children reporting genital penetration compared with those who reported only contact (95% confidence interval, 3.46-45.34). Finally, children used the word "inside" to describe contact other than penetration of the vaginal canal (ie, labial penetration).


CONCLUSION
A history of penetration by the child was the primary predictor of diagnostic findings. Interpretation of children's use of "inside" might explain the low prevalence of diagnostic findings and warrants further study.
Optimal planning and design of a renewable energy based supply system for microgrids

Renewable energy sources are gradually being recognized as important options in supply side planning for microgrids. This paper focuses on the optimal design, planning, sizing and operation of a hybrid, renewable energy based microgrid with the goal of minimizing the lifecycle cost, while taking into account environmental emissions. Four different cases including a diesel-only, a fully renewable-based, a diesel-renewable mixed, and an external grid-connected microgrid configurations are designed, to compare and evaluate their economics, operational performance and environmental emissions. Analysis is also carried out to determine the break-even economics for a grid-connected microgrid. The wellknown energy modeling software for hybrid renewable energy systems, HOMER is used in the studies reported in this paper. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A review on fingerprint orientation estimation

Fingerprint orientation plays important roles in fingerprint enhancement, fingerprint classification, and fingerprint recognition. This paper critically reviews the primary advances on fingerprint orientation estimation. Advantages and limitations of existing methods have been addressed. Issues on future development have been discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System Deadlocks

A problem of increasing importance in the design of large multiprogramming systems is the, so-called, deadlock or deadly-embrace problem. In this article we survey the work that has been done on the treatment of deadlocks from both the theoretical and practical points of view.
Some Early Developments in Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems

This paper describes some of the early developments in the synthetic aperture technique for radar application. The basic principle and later extensions to the theory are described. The results of the first experimental verification at the University of Illinois are given as well as the results of subsequent experiments. The paper also includes a section comparing some of the important features of real and synthetic aperture systems.
Troglitazone inhibits voltage-dependent calcium currents in guinea pig cardiac myocytes.

BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that intracellular Ca2+ overload in cardiac myocytes leads to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, is a promising therapeutic agent for diabetes and has been shown to prevent diabetes-induced myocardial changes. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of troglitazone action on cardiac myocytes, the effects of troglitazone on voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents were examined and compared with classic Ca2+ antagonists (verapamil and nifedipine).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were applied in single guinea pig atrial myocytes. Under control conditions with CsCl internal solution, the voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents consisted of both T-type (ICa,T) and L-type (ICa,L) Ca2+ currents. Troglitazone effectively reduced the amplitude of ICa,L in a concentration-dependent manner. Troglitazone also suppressed ICa,T, but the effect of troglitazone on ICa,T was less potent than that on ICa,L. The current-voltage relationships for ICa,L and the reversal potential for ICa,L were not altered by troglitazone. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of troglitazone on ICa,L measured at a holding potential of -40 mV was 6.3 micromol/L, and 30 micromol/L troglitazone almost completely inhibited ICa,L. Troglitazone 10 micromol/L did not affect the time courses for inactivation of ICa,L and inhibited ICa,L mainly in a use-independent fashion, without shifting the voltage-dependency of inactivation. This effect was different from those of verapamil and nifedipine. Troglitazone also reduced isoproterenol- or cAMP-enhanced ICa,L.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that troglitazone inhibits voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents (T-type and L-type) and then antagonizes the effects of isoproterenol in cardiac myocytes, thus possibly playing a role in preventing diabetes-induced intracellular Ca2+ overload and subsequent myocardial changes.
Etude des facteurs de risque du retard de croissance intra-utérin à Lubumbashi

Introduction: Dans notre milieu, il n'existe aucune politique de prévention du Retard de Croissance Intra-Utérin (RCIU) clairement défini. L'objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les facteurs de risque de RCIU afin de proposer une stratégie de lutte contre cette pathologie en agissant surtout sur des facteurs pouvant faire l'objet d'une action préventive. Méthodes: Une étude cas-témoins a été menée dans 11 centres hospitaliers de Lubumbashi en République Démocratique du Congo, de Janvier 2010 à Juin 2011, dans le but d'identifier les facteurs de risque du retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU). Au total 420 gestantes (cas et témoins) avec grossesse monofoetale d'au moins 24 semaines d'aménorrhée ont été inclues dans l'étude. Les cas correspondaient aux gestantes dont le poids du fœtus était resté inférieur au 10 eme percentile des courbes de référence d'Alexander, après 2 échographies successives réalisées à intervalle de 4 semaines. Les témoins correspondaient aux gestantes dont le poids du fœtus était supérieur ou égal au 10 eme percentile de mêmes courbes. A chaque cas a été apparié un témoin de même parité porteur d'une grossesse de même âge. Résultats: L'analyse univariée a identifié comme facteurs de risque: la taille maternelle Conclusion: L'amélioration du niveau socio-économique des populations, la lutte contre le paludisme et les consultations prénatales mieux organisées couplées à une meilleure éducation sanitaire et nutritionnelle peuvent contribuer sensiblement à la réduction de la fréquence du RCIU à Lubumbashi. Pan African Medical Journal. 2013; 14:4. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.4.1798 This article is available online at: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/14/4/full/ © Jules Ngwe Thaba Moyambe et al. The Pan African Medical Journal ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pan African Medical Journal – ISSN: 19378688 (www.panafrican-med-journal.com) Published in partnership with the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). (www.afenet.net) Research Open Access
Towards an insider threat prediction specification language

Purpose This concept paper presents the process of constructing a language tailored to describing insider threat incidents, for the purposes of mitigating threats originating from legitimate users in an IT infrastructure. Various information security surveys indicate that misuse by legitimate (insider) users has serious implications for the health of IT environments. A brief discussion of survey data and insider threat concepts is followed by an overview of existing research efforts to mitigate this particular problem. None of the existing insider threat mitigation frameworks provide facilities for systematically describing the elements of misuse incidents, and thus all threat mitigation frameworks could benefit from the existence of a domain specific language for describing legitimate user actions. The paper presents a language development methodology which centres upon ways to abstract the insider threat domain and approaches to encode the abstracted information into language semantics. Due to lack of suitable insider case repositories, and the fact that most insider misuse frameworks have not been extensively implemented in practice, the aforementioned language construction methodology is based upon observed information security survey trends and the study of existing insider threat and intrusion specification frameworks. The development of a domain specific language goes through various stages of refinement that might eventually contradict these preliminary findings. Practical implications This paper summarizes the picture of the insider threat in IT infrastructures and provides a useful reference for insider threat modeling researchers by indicating ways to abstract insider threats. The problems of constructing insider threat signatures and utilizing them in insider threat models are also discussed.
Evaluation of the Bremen SSVEP based BCI in real world conditions

A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides the possibility to translate brain neural activity patterns into control commands without user's movement. The brain activity is most commonly measured non-invasively via standard electroencephalography (EEG), i.e., with electrodes placed on the surface of the scalp. In this article, we evaluate a BCI system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in real world conditions. Although the performance of this type of BCI has already been proved by several research groups with healthy users in laboratory settings assisted by scientific researchers, there are still many difficulties in changing from demonstration systems to practical BCIs. The Bremen-BCI was evaluated in this case study with 37 naive subjects (without any SSVEP-BCI experience), including 8 handicapped users, at the international rehabilitation fair RehaCare2008. In spite of unsuitable environment conditions on the fair, the spelling tasks were successfully completed by 32 participants with a mean accuracy of over 92% and an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 22.6[bits/min]. No significant dependency of the physical disability of participants on the ITR could be observed.
Issues arising following a referral and subsequent wait for extraction under general anaesthetic: impact on children

BACKGROUND
Untreated caries in young children can result in a referral for extraction in hospital under general anaesthetic (GA). This study aims to explore the impact of caries during the ensuing wait for GA on children resident in the North West of England.


METHODS
The study involved 456 respondents referred to six hospitals in the Northwest of England. Over a two-month period each of these children/ families completed a questionnaire and gave permission to access their referral and consultation notes.


RESULTS
Children (6.78 years old: 1.50 to 16.42) had on average five teeth extracted (ranging from one to a full clearance, with all teeth removed). Sixty seven per cent of parents reported their child had been in pain, 26% reported schools days being missed and 38% having sleepless nights. The average time from referral to operation was 137 days. Results indicated that children could be in discomfort during their wait, as pain was experienced, on average, 14 days before the operation. Wait time significantly predicated the number of sleepless nights b = .004, t(340) = 2.276, p = .023.


CONCLUSIONS
It is clear that pain, sleepless nights and missed school are a feature during a wait for dental GA and can be exacerbated by an extended wait. These data support the need for not only effective prevention of caries within primary care to reduce wait times and experience of GA but also effective management of pain and infection during a prolonged wait for treatment.
Overresection of the Lower Lateral Cartilages: A Common Conceptual Mistake with Functional and Aesthetic Consequences

Overresection of the lower lateral cartilages to narrow the tip in individuals with thick skin is a common mistake with functional and aesthetic consequences. The most frequent deformities are external valve dysfunction, alar retraction, alar pinch, tip asymmetry, lack of tip definition, and parrot beak deformity resulting from drooping of the tip. In 82 patients who underwent revision surgery from 1998 to 2007 the lower lateral cartilages were missing. To restore function of the external nasal valve and correct aesthetic deformities it is essential to rebuild the anatomical structure. Tip deformities were analyzed pre- and postoperatively based on clinical evaluation and standardized photographs. Patient satisfaction was evaluated subjectively. Improvement of the poorly defined tip, the underprojected tip, the overrotated tip, and alar pinch was accomplished in all patients (100%). The function of the external nasal valve was restored in all patients (100%). The postoperative results showed a clear improvement in tip asymmetry (95.0%), tip deviation (76.5%), alar retraction (87.0%), and tip ptosis (85.7%). The average follow-up period was 13.8 months. Forty-eight patients (59.8%) rated the result as “excellent,” 27 (32.9%) as “very good,” 5 (6.1%) as “good,” 1 as “not satisfied” (1.2%). Overresection of the lower lateral cartilages to narrow the tip in individuals with thick skin is frequently followed by dysfunction of the external nasal valve and aesthetic deformities. We completely rebuild the structure of the nasal tip. Only an anatomically correct configuration correlates with ideal aesthetics and physiologic function.
Failure and reliability analysis of STT-MRAM

Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) promises low power, great miniaturization prospective (e.g. 22 nm) and easy integration with CMOS process. It becomes actually a strong non-volatile memory candidate for both embedded and standalone applications. However STT-MRAM suffers from important failure and reliability issues compared with the conventional solutions based on magnetic field switching. For example, a read current could write erroneously the stored data, the variability of ultra-thin oxide barrier drives high resistance variation and the injected current in the nanopillar induces lower lifetime etc. This paper classifies firstly all the possible failures of STT-MRAM into ‘‘soft errors’’ and ‘‘hard errors’’, and analyzes their impact on the memory reliability. Based on this work, we can find some efficient design solutions to address respectively these two types of errors and improve the reliability of STTMRAM. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Significance of Tumor Necrosis factor α-308 (G/A) gene polymorphism in the development of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous cancer among men, accounting for 10 % of male cancer-related deaths worldwide. The etiology of PCa is largely unknown, although multiple environmental and lifestyle factors such as ultraviolet irradiation, smoking, and diet might increase the risk of the disease. Risk of disease varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet. The multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant diseases. In this case control study 150 Prostate cancer patients and 150 age matched benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and equal number of healthy control groups were involved. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of TNF-α-308 (G/A) polymorphism on risk of prostate cancer on north Indian prostate cancer patients. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was utilized to genotype TNF-α-308 (G/A) polymorphism. The present study showed statistically significant increased risk of prostate cancer among individuals that carried the A allele of TNF-α-308 gene (OR = 1.81, 95 % CI 1.00–3.481, p = 0.03).
Incidence of adrenal insufficiency after severe traumatic brain injury varies according to definition used: clinical implications.

BACKGROUND
Adrenal insufficiency impacts on the haemodynamic management of patients in intensive care. Very little is known about the incidence of adrenal insufficiency in the first 10 days after traumatic brain injury.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 113 traumatic brain injury patients within 10 days of their injury. They all had a high-dose corticotropin stimulation test performed because of haemodynamic instability. Blood cortisol concentrations were measured at baseline, 30 and 60 min after the administration of high-dose corticotropin. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency was determined according to various definitions used in the literature.


RESULTS
The baseline cortisol concentration was <414 nmol litre(-1) (15 microg dl(-1)) in 78% of patients and <690 nmol litre(-1) (25 microg dl(-1)) in all patients. The cortisol concentration did not rise above 500 nmol litre(-1) (18 microg dl(-1)) at 30 and 60 min in 49 and 22% of patients, respectively. The cortisol concentration did not rise by 250 nmol litre(-1) (9 microg dl(-1)) at 30 and 60 min in 48 and 25% of patients respectively. Primary adrenal insufficiency defined by an abnormal baseline cortisol concentration and an abnormal response to the high-dose corticotropin stimulation test was present in 13-28% of patients according to the cut-off values used.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of adrenal insufficiency varies from 25 to 100% in the first 10 days after traumatic brain injury. The range of incidences reported illustrates the need for standardization of the definition of adrenal insufficiency. This has a direct impact on treatment. Sampling at 60 min after the high-dose corticotropin stimulation test seems to correlate better with the maximum secreting capacity of the adrenal glands.
A Clinical study on hypertensive emergencies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : 
The clinical profile of patients with hypertensive emergencies presenting to hospitals in a developing country like ours is poorly known. 
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the modes of presentations, clinical profile and spectrum of target organ damage in patients with hypertensive emergencies. 
METHOD : 
This descriptive study was done at Coimbatore Medical College over the period of one and half years. 
The study population included patients admitted in this hospital with severely elevated blood pressure with clinical or laboratory evidence of acute target organ damage. The clinical and laboratory profile of 50 of these patients were evaluated. 
RESULTS : 
Males had higher chances of developing a hypertensive 
emergency compared to females. The commonest presenting symptoms were chestpain and dyspnoea, neurological deficit. Majority of the patients were known hypertensives. Higher levels of blood pressure at presentation were associated with an adverse outcome. Acute LVF was the commonest target organ damage observed. An in hospital mortality of 12% was observed in the present study. 
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION : 
Known hypertensive are at a higher risk of presenting with acute target organ damage associated with a chestpain. Acute LVF is the commonest form of target organ damage encountered in the present study.
Novel sequence variations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and association with major depression and antidepressant treatment response.

CONTEXT
Variations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Deep sequencing of the BDNF gene may identify new variations and bring further insight into psychiatric genetics.


OBJECTIVE
To better characterize sequence variability in the BDNF gene by resequencing a genomic DNA region of 22 kilobases that contained all BDNF exons and their flanking regions.


DESIGN
Case-control study.


SETTING
University of California, Los Angeles, and University of Miami.


PARTICIPANTS
Two hundred sixty-four controls and 272 Mexican Americans with major depressive disorder (MDD) from Los Angeles who were assessed by the same bilingual clinical research team.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Identification of novel genetic polymorphisms in the BDNF gene and assessment of their frequencies and associations with MDD or antidepressant response.


RESULTS
We identified 83 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 30 in untranslated regions, 4 in coding sequences, 37 in introns, and 12 in upstream regions; 3 of 4 rare novel coding SNPs were nonsynonymous. Association analyses of patients with MDD and controls showed that 6 SNPs were associated with MDD (rs12273539, rs11030103, rs6265, rs28722151, rs41282918, and rs11030101) and 2 haplotypes in different blocks (one including Val66, another near exon VIIIh) were significantly associated with MDD. One recently reported 5' untranslated region SNP, rs61888800, was associated with antidepressant response after adjusting for age, sex, medication, and baseline score on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data support the concept that extensive resequencing of key candidate genes can lead to the discovery of substantial numbers of new variants. Further studies using larger independent samples are needed to confirm the association of the rs61888800 SNP with antidepressant response.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00265291.
Error correction in a Chinese OCR test collection

This article proposes a technique for correcting Chinese OCR errors to support retrieval of scanned documents. The technique uses a completely automatic technique (no manually constructed lexicons or confusion resources) to identify both keywords and confusable terms. Improved retrieval effectiveness on a single term query experiment is demonstrated.