LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Continuous representation of tumor microvessel density and detection of angiogenic hotspots in histological whole-slide images

Blood vessels in solid tumors are not randomly distributed, but are clustered in angiogenic hotspots. Tumor microvessel density (MVD) within these hotspots correlates with patient survival and is widely used both in diagnostic routine and in clinical trials. Still, these hotspots are usually subjectively defined. There is no unbiased, continuous and explicit representation of tumor vessel distribution in histological whole slide images. This shortcoming distorts angiogenesis measurements and may account for ambiguous results in the literature. In the present study, we describe and evaluate a new method that eliminates this bias and makes angiogenesis quantification more objective and more efficient. Our approach involves automatic slide scanning, automatic image analysis and spatial statistical analysis. By comparing a continuous MVD function of the actual sample to random point patterns, we introduce an objective criterion for hotspot detection: An angiogenic hotspot is defined as a clustering of blood vessels that is very unlikely to occur randomly. We evaluate the proposed method in N=11 images of human colorectal carcinoma samples and compare the results to a blinded human observer. For the first time, we demonstrate the existence of statistically significant hotspots in tumor images and provide a tool to accurately detect these hotspots.
A survey of active and passive indoor localisation systems

0140-3664/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2012.06.004 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0) 28 71375418; E-mail address: Deak-G@email.ulster.ac.uk (G. Dea 1 School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Engineering, University of Ulster, Derry, N. Ireland, BT4 In recent years the need for indoor localisation has increased. Earlier systems have been deployed in order to demonstrate that indoor localisation can be done. Many researchers are referring to location estimation as a crucial component in numerous applications. There is no standard in indoor localisation thus the selection of an existing system needs to be done based on the environment being tracked, the accuracy and the precision required. Modern localisation systems use various techniques such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA). This paper is a survey of various active and passive localisation techniques developed over the years. The majority of the localisation techniques are part of the active systems class due to the necessity of tags/electronic devices carried by the person being tracked or mounted on objects in order to estimate their position. The second class called passive localisation represents the estimation of a person’s position without the need for a physical device i.e. tags or sensors. The assessment of the localisation systems is based on the wireless technology used, positioning algorithm, accuracy and precision, complexity, scalability and costs. In this paper we are comparing various systems presenting their advantages and disadvantages. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Preemptibility in Real-Time Operating Systems

Real-time operating systems generally depend on some form of priority information for making scheduling decisions. Priorities may take the form of small integers or deadline times, for example, and the priorities indicate the preferred order for execution of the jobs. Unfortunately, most systems suffer from some degree of priority inversion where a high priority job must wait for a lower priority job to execute. We consider the nature of the non-preemptible code sections, called critical sections or critical regions, which give rise to this priority inversion in the context of a soft real-time operating system where average response time for different priority classes is the primary performance metric. An analytical model is described which is used to illustrate how critical regions may affect the timeconstrained jobs in a multimedia (soft real-time) task set.
A Novel In Silico Approach to Drug Discovery via Computational Intelligence

A computational intelligence drug discovery platform is introduced as an innovative technology designed to accelerate high-throughput drug screening for generalized protein-targeted drug discovery. This technology results in collections of novel small molecule compounds that bind to protein targets as well as details on predicted binding modes and molecular interactions. The approach was tested on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) for novel antimalarial drug discovery; however, the methods developed can be applied broadly in early stage drug discovery and development. For this purpose, an initial fragment library was defined, and an automated fragment assembly algorithm was generated. These were combined with a computational intelligence screening tool for prescreening of compounds relative to DHFR inhibition. The entire method was assayed relative to spaces of known DHFR inhibitors and with chemical feasibility in mind, leading to experimental validation in future studies.
Machine-vision-based control of zinc flotation — A case study

It is widely accepted that mineral flotation is a very challenging control problem due to chaotic nature of process. This paper introduces a novel approach of combining multi-camera system and expert controllers to improve flotation performance. The system has been installed into the zinc circuit of Pyhäsalmi Mine (Finland). Long-term data analysis in fact shows that the new approach has improved considerably the recovery of the zinc circuit, resulting in a substantial increase in the mill’s annual profit. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Classification Approach for Predicting Plant Leaf Diseases in Digital Image Processing

In agriculture, detection and diagnosis of plant disease using digital image processing techniques focused on accurate segmentation of healthy and diseased tissue. Among various segmentation methods, the most widely used semiautomatic segmentation is based on gray scale histogram. In a novel semi-automatic segmentation process, the edges were removed along with pixels and then color conversion was done. After color conversion, pixel value adjustments and contrast enhancement of an image were performed to improve the image quality. Histogram with 100 bins was constructed for recognizing the diseased tissue from the healthier part of a leaf image. At last, segmentation of diseased leaf was found based on the histogram bins. Such bins were found manually which is not easy for all cases. Moreover, detection accuracy was reduced the quality by the influence of reflection light and distortion regions in an acquired image. Hence reflection light and distortion from image were removed using Quality Assessment Method Scheme (QAMS) algorithm. For automatic separation of diseased part from the healthier regions in a leaf image an optimization algorithm is required. To automatically define the histogram bins and separate diseased part from the healthier regions in a leaf image the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithm used. After segmenting the diseased leaf image, the classification is done by Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect the leaf diseases. The method provides better detection accuracy and computational time is reduced. Keywords-CNN, Diseases detection, Distortion removal, Reflection light, SVM.
Automatic graph drawing and readability of diagrams

Ahtract -Diagrams are widely used in several areas of computer wience, and their effectiveness is thoroughly recognized. One of the main qualities requested for them is readability; this is especially, but not exclusively, true in the area of information systems, where diagrams are used to model data and functions of the application. Up to now, diagrams have been produced manually or with the aid of a graphic editor; in both caws placement of symbols and routing of connections are under responsibility of the designer. The goal of the work is to investigate how readability of diagrams can be achieved by means of automatic tools. Existing results in the literature are compared, and a comprehensive algorithmic approach to the problem is proposed. The algorithm presented draws graphs on a grid and is suitable for both undirected graphs and mixed graphs that contain as subgraphs hierarchic structures. Finally, several applications of a graphic tool that embodies the aforementioned facility are shown.
Feedback-related Brain Potential Activity Complies with Basic Assumptions of Associative Learning Theory

Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is an ERP component that distinguishes positive from negative feedback. FRN has been hypothesized to be the product of an error signal that may be used to adjust future behavior. In addition, associative learning models assume that the trial-to-trial learning of cue–outcome mappings involves the minimization of an error term. This study evaluated whether FRN is a possible electrophysiological correlate of this error term in a predictive learning task where human subjects were asked to learn different cue–outcome relationships. Specifically, we evaluated the sensitivity of the FRN to the course of learning when different stimuli interact or compete to become a predictor of certain outcomes. Importantly, some of these cues were blocked by more informative or predictive cues (i.e., the blocking effect). Interestingly, the present results show that both learning and blocking affect the amplitude of the FRN component. Furthermore, independent analyses of positive and negative feedback event-related signals showed that the learning effect was restricted to the ERP component elicited by positive feedback. The blocking test showed differences in the FRN magnitude between a predictive and a blocked cue. Overall, the present results show that ERPs that are related to feedback processing correspond to the main predictions of associative learning models.
A novel visible light communication system for enhanced control of autonomous delivery robots in a hospital

Control systems for Autonomous mobile delivery robots have been described before. However, the control they provide is limited, leaving potential for serious errors. The current mobile robot systems concentrate on position accuracy and operational function but leave open management of safety hazards such as entering the dangerous and not intended areas as stairway. In order to increase the safety of the robot, it is as important to work with sensors installed in the external environment as the sensors installed on the robot. For this purpose, visible light communication (VLC) is a promising device to be used with the robot system. VLC creates an in-house GPS system by installing special LED lights that can replace standard lighting in key locations in the hospital. We have developed an in-hospital transportation robot, called HOSPI in which the control system has been enhanced by combining the navigational sensors of the robot and a VLC using installed lighting in the building. By using VLC, robots can obtain more information about the environment. As the first step for the practical application of VLC to robot system, we use VLC to overcome problems in conventional localization approaches, and to provide an additional line of defense in the case of catastrophic failures. This paper also describes experimental and actual operational results in detail of robots equipped, in an actual hospital, with the described process.
Language Teaching Approaches : An Overview

INTRODUCTION The field of second (or foreign) language teaching has undergone many fluctuations and dramatic shifts over the years. As opposed to physics or chemistry, where progress is more or less steady until a major discovery causes a radical theoretical revision (Kuhn, 1970), language teaching is a field where fads and heroes have come and gone in a manner fairly consistent with the kinds of changes that occur in youth culture. I believe that one reason for the frequent changes that have been taking place until recently is the fact that very few language teachers have even the vaguest sense of history about their profession and are unclear concerning the historical bases of the many methodological options they currently have at their disposal. It is hoped that this brief and necessarily oversimplified survey will encourage many language teachers to learn more about the origins of their profession. Such knowledge will give some healthy perspective in evaluating the socalled innovations or new approaches to methodology that will continue to emerge over time.
A micro ultrasonic motor using a micro-machined cylindrical bulk PZT transducer

In this paper, a micro ultrasonic motor using a micro-machined bulk piezoelectric transducer is introduced. The cylindrical shaped bulk piezoelectric transducer, a diameter of 0.8 mm and a height of 2.2 mm, was developed as stator transducer for traveling wave type ultrasonic motor. The transducer was made of PZT bulk ceramics, and formed by micro-machining, Ni plating and laser beam cutting process. Using this stator transducer, we have fabricated a cylindrical micro ultrasonic motor, a diameter of 2.0 mm and a height of 5.9 mm. We have also evaluated some characteristics and succeeded in driving the micro ultrasonic motor.
Business Collaboration for Improved Value Net Performance

This thesis defines business collaboration and places it in a context of four stages of value net integration: I) Traditional Company Structure, II) Functional Integration, III) Internal Integration, IV) External Integration. The causes of value net inefficiencies are examined and then categorized into three classes: 1) Design changes to eliminate points of amplification, 2) Changes in management policies to minimize oscillation, 3) Improved execution to reduce time. This thesis then relates the three classes of value net inefficiencies to the four stages of integration. Using this combined framework, collaboration is shown to have the most impact on reducing value net inefficiency as a strategy to achieve STAGE IV external integration by redesigning the value net to eliminate points of amplification. With this framework, two initiatives, CPFR and DAMA, are evaluated to asses their use of business collaboration. Thesis Advisor: Yossi Sheffi Title: Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Director, Center for Transportation Studies
Coupling of light from microdisk lasers into plasmonic nano-antennas.

An optical dipole nano-antenna can be constructed by placing a sub-wavelength dielectric (e.g., air) gap between two metallic regions. For typical applications using light in the infrared region, the gap width is generally in the range between 50 and 100 nm. Owing to the close proximity of the electrodes, these antennas can generate very intense electric fields that can be used to excite nonlinear effects. For example, it is possible to trigger surface Raman scattering on molecules placed in the vicinity of the nano-antenna, allowing the fabrication of biological sensors and imaging systems in the nanometric scale. However, since nano-antennas are passive devices, they need to receive light from external sources that are generally much larger than the antennas. In this article, we numerically study the coupling of light from microdisk lasers into plasmonic nano-antennas. We show that, by using micro-cavities, we can further enhance the electric fields inside the nano-antennas.
Recommending multimedia visiting paths in cultural heritage applications

The valorization and promotion of worldwide Cultural Heritage by the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies represent nowadays some of the most important research issues with a large variety of potential applications. This challenge is particularly perceived in the Italian scenario, where the artistic patrimony is one of the most diverse and rich of the world, able to attract millions of visitors every year to monuments, archaeological sites and museums. In this paper, we present a general recommendation framework able to uniformly manage heterogeneous multimedia data coming from several web repositories and to provide context-aware recommendation techniques supporting intelligent multimedia services for the users—i.e. dynamic visiting paths for a given environment. Specific applications of our system within the cultural heritage domain are proposed by means of real case studies in the mobile environment related both to an outdoor and indoor scenario, together with some results on user’s satisfaction and system accuracy.
A Four-Port MIMO Antenna Using Concentric Square-Ring Patches Loaded With CSRR for High Isolation

A novel four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is designed using concentric square-ring patch antennas. All four ports are made to resonate at 2.4 GHz ISM band with an overall system dimension of 60×60×1.6 mm3. This design uses complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) loaded on its ground plane for enhanced isolation of - 22 dB between patch antenna elements. CSRR reduces mutual coupling by about 6.5 dB. The antenna operates with a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 75 MHz centered at 2.45 GHz. This collocated antenna system satisfies MIMO diversity performance with low envelope correlation between its waveforms. The effectiveness of concentric rings in MIMO design along with proposed isolation enhancement technique is validated using measurements from a prototype.
Debridement of diabetic foot ulcers.

BACKGROUND
Foot ulceration is thought to affect 15% of people with diabetes at some time in their lives. Debridement is widely regarded as an effective intervention to speed up ulcer healing. The most effective method is unclear.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of debridement interventions on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.


SEARCH STRATEGY
For this third update we searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (June 2009); The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) - The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 2; Ovid MEDLINE - 1950 to June Week 3 2009; Ovid EMBASE - 1980 to 2009 Week 25 and Ovid CINAHL - 1982 to June Week 3 2009.


SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any method of debriding diabetic foot ulcers and measuring complete healing or rate of healing. There was no restriction on articles/trials based on language or publication status.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data extraction and assessment of study quality were undertaken by one review author and checked by an Editor of the Wounds Group.


MAIN RESULTS
Six RCTs of debridement were identified: four assessed hydrogels, with an additional study evaluating larval therapy against hydrogel and one evaluated surgical debridement. Pooling the three RCTs which compared hydrogel with gauze or standard care suggested that hydrogels are significantly more effective in healing diabetic foot ulcers (Relative Risk 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)1.3 to 2.61). Surgical debridement showed no significant benefit over standard treatment. One small trial suggested that larvae resulted in a more than 50% reduction in wound area compared with hydrogel. Other debridement methods such as enzyme preparations or polysaccharide beads have not been evaluated in diabetic foot ulcers.


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence to suggest that hydrogel increases the healing rate of diabetic foot ulcers compared with gauze dressings or standard care and larval therapy resulted in significantly greater reduction in wound area than hydrogel. More research is needed to evaluate the effects of a range of widely used debridement methods and of debridement per se.
Computation offloading frameworks in mobile cloud computing : a survey

Mobile devices are characterized by limited and non-scalable resources such as low processing power, insufficient primary memory and short battery life. Resource intensive applications such as augmented reality, artificial intelligence, artificial vision, object tracking, image processing and natural language processing are becoming popular. These applications are unable to execute effectively on resource constraint mobile devices. In the last few years considerable research has been done on Mobile Cloud Computing to extend the capabilities of mobile devices. Various models and frameworks have been proposed to offload resource intensive components of applications to cloud for efficient execution. This paper surveys recent computation offloading frameworks to determine and analyze the factors which affect the wide acceptance of these frameworks.
Production of indole-3-acetic acid, aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activities and plant growth promotion by Pantoea agglomerans rhizosphere isolates

The production of auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by rhizobacteria has been associated with plant growth promotion, especially root initiation and elongation. Six indole-producing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of legumes grown in Saskatchewan soils and identified as Pantoea agglomerans spp. were examined for their ability to promote the growth of canola, lentil and pea under gnotobiotic conditions and for tryptophan (Trp)-dependent IAA production. Five of the isolates enhanced root length, root weight or shoot weight by 15–37% in at least one of the plant species, but isolates 3–117 and 5–51 were most consistent in enhancing plant growth across the three species. Indole concentrations in the rhizosphere of plants grown under gnotobiotic conditions increased in the presence of the rhizosphere isolates and when Trp was added 3 days prior to plant harvest. Isolates 3–117, 5–51 and 5–105 were most effective in increasing rhizosphere indole concentrations. Colony hybridization confirmed that all of the isolates possessed the ipdC gene which codes for a key enzyme in the Trp-dependent IAA synthetic pathway. The activity of amino acid aminotransferase (AAT), catalyzing the first step in the Trp-dependent synthetic pathway, was examined in the presence of Trp and other aromatic amino acids. All of the isolates accumulated Trp internally and released different amounts of IAA. The production of IAA from the isolates was greatest in the presence of Trp, ranging from 2.78 to 16.34 μg mg protein−1 in the presence of 250 μg of Trp ml−1. The specific activity of AAT was correlated with the concentration of IAA produced in the presence of Trp but not when tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe) or aspartate (Asp) was used as a sole nitrogen source. Isolate 3–117, which produced significant concentrations of IAA in the presence and absence of Trp, was able to use aromatic amino acids as sole sources of nitrogen and was most consistent in enhancing the growth of canola, lentil and pea may have potential for development as a plant growth-promoting inoculant.
Ethics in communication: introductory note

The new media landscape has brought to public debate a set of new concerns and challenges, regarding the problems of ethics in communication...
ON RANK EQUIVALENCE AND RANK PRESERVING OPERATORS

In the paper (6) A. Markova proved theorem on rank equiv- alence operators. This theorem is true, but the proof is wrong. In this paper new, correct proof of theorem of A. Markova is presented. The form of generators preserving rank is determined. Also an interesting example of generator is showed.