LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine for cognitive dysfunction in early Huntington disease.

BACKGROUND
Cognitive symptoms are associated with functional disability in Huntington disease; yet, few controlled trials have examined cognitive treatments that could improve patient independence and quality of life. Atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.


METHODS
Twenty participants with mild Huntington disease who complained of inattention were randomized to receive atomoxetine (80 mg/d) or placebo in a 10-week double-blind crossover study. Primary outcome measures were self-reported attention and attention and executive neuropsychological composite scores. Secondary outcomes were psychiatric and motor symptom scores.


RESULTS
The rate of reported adverse effects while on atomoxetine was 56% (vs 35% on placebo), which most commonly included dry mouth (39%), loss of appetite (22%), insomnia (22%), and dizziness (17%). There were no serious adverse events related to atomoxetine. There were statistically significant, although mild, increases in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure on atomoxetine, consistent with other studies and not requiring medical referral. There were no significant improvements while on atomoxetine compared with placebo on primary outcomes. However, there was evidence of significant placebo effects on self-reported attention and psychiatric functions. There were no group differences on the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating total motor score.


CONCLUSIONS
Atomoxetine demonstrated no advantages over placebo for primary or secondary outcomes. Although atomoxetine was not effective at improving attention at this dose, its safety and tolerability were similar to other studies.
The nature of innovation market failure and the design of public support for private innovation

We relate the sources of innovation market failure to the dominant mode of sectoral innovation and outline mechanisms for public support of innovation that target specific sources of innovation market failure. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in Europe: adoption trends and factors influencing device utilization.

OBJECTIVES
The authors sought to examine the adoption of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in Western Europe and investigate factors that may influence the heterogeneous use of this therapy.


BACKGROUND
Since its commercialization in 2007, the number of TAVR procedures has grown exponentially.


METHODS
The adoption of TAVR was investigated in 11 European countries: Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Portugal, Denmark, and Ireland. Data were collected from 2 sources: 1) lead physicians submitted nation-specific registry data; and 2) an implantation-based TAVR market tracker. Economic indexes such as healthcare expenditure per capita, sources of healthcare funding, and reimbursement strategies were correlated to TAVR use. Furthermore, we assessed the extent to which TAVR has penetrated its potential patient population.


RESULTS
Between 2007 and 2011, 34,317 patients underwent TAVR. Considerable variation in TAVR use existed across nations. In 2011, the number of TAVR implants per million individuals ranged from 6.1 in Portugal to 88.7 in Germany (33 ± 25). The annual number of TAVR implants performed per center across nations also varied widely (range 10 to 89). The weighted average TAVR penetration rate was low: 17.9%. Significant correlation was found between TAVR use and healthcare spending per capita (r = 0.80; p = 0.005). TAVR-specific reimbursement systems were associated with higher TAVR use than restricted systems (698 ± 232 vs. 213 ± 112 implants/million individuals ≥ 75 years; p = 0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
The authors' findings indicate that TAVR is underutilized in high and prohibitive surgical risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. National economic indexes and reimbursement strategies are closely linked with TAVR use and help explain the inequitable adoption of this therapy.
Gender stereotypes prevail in ICT: a research review

This paper surveys the research literature on stereotyping of gender and ICT and how it affects girls' participation in ICT education and work. Gender stereotypes can influence girls' choices over time, reducing their confidence and interest in ICT and turning them away from ICT as an occupation. The stereotypes can give negative messages about girls' aptitude for ICT work and the types of activities, which should interest them. ICT stereotypes are predominantly negative, provide misleading ideas about ICT as a career discouraging both girls and boys, and make the field particularly unattractive to girls. Stereotypes introduced in the family and social environment are often reinforced by images in the mass media as well as widespread education practices. Very few mitigating influences (such as same sex schools) have any impact on these stereotypes.
The role of reduction and internal fixation of Lisfranc fracture–dislocations: a systematic review of the literature

A systematic review of the literature was performed in order to evaluate the role of reduction and internal fixation in the management of Lisfranc joint fracture–dislocations. Articles were extracted from the Pubmed database and the retrieved reports were included in the study only if pre-specified eligibility criteria were fulfilled. Eleven articles were eligible for the final analysis, reporting data for the management of 257 patients. Injuries of the first three metatarsal rays were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with screws in 16.3% of the patients, open reduction and internal fixation with screws in 66.5% and open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires) in 17.1% of the patients. The preferred method for the stabilisation of the fourth and fifth metatarsal rays was K-wires. Screw-related complications were common and were reported in 16.1% of the cases. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score was 78.1 points. Post-traumatic radiographic arthritis was reported in 49.6% of the patients, but only in 7.8% of them it was severe enough to warrant an arthrodesis. We conclude that open reduction and internal fixation of the first three metatarsal rays with screws is a reliable method for the management of Lisfranc injuries. This can be complemented by K-wires application in the fourth and fifth metatarsal rays if needed.
Reduction of foodborne micro-organisms on beef carcass tissue using acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and hydrogen peroxide spray washes

In an attempt to control beef carcass contamination, a search for effective carcass washing treatments has become a major focus in the area of microbiological meat safety. Spraywash treatments utilizing 1·0% acetic acid, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 1% sodium bicarbonate, alone or in combination, were performed to evaluate their efficacy in reducing numbers of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Salmonella wentworth. The fascia surface of lean and adipose tissue was inoculated with sterilized fecal slurry containing the designated bacteria to obtain 5 log10 cfu cm. A pilot scale model carcass washer was used to apply the spray treatment (80 psi, 15 s, 25°C). Control samples received no spray treatments. Following treatments, lean and adipose samples were immediately analyzed or held for 24 h at 5°C for analysis of the treatments, for residual bacterial populations, surface pH, color analysis, and residual hydrogen peroxide. The combination wash of acetic acid/3% hydrogen peroxide (AAHP) resulted in the greatest reductions of 3·97 and 3·69 log10 cfu cm for E. coli on lean or adipose tissue, respectively. Spray washes with AAHP reduced L. innocua by 3·05 log10 Received: 10 cfu cm on lean tissue and 3·52 log10 cfu cm on adipose tissue, while S. wentworth was November 1996 reduced by 3·37 log10 cfu cm on lean and 3·69 log10 cfu cm on adipose tissue. A spraywash treatment consisting of the right combination of safe and acceptable solutions may be Department of Food Science and effective for improving the microbial safety of beef.  1997 Academic Press Limited Technology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction Microbial testing will focus on organisms 68583-0919, Roman L. Hruska such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli U. S. Meat Animal The United States Department of Agriculture (Anonymous 1995). In order to comply with Research Center, Food Safety and Inspection Service has prothe reforms and to provide microbiologically Agricultural Research Service, posed reforms for the meat and poultry safe products to the consumer, methods for U.S. Department industry in an attempt to reduce microbial reducing the organisms listed above are of Agriculture, P. contamination (Anonymous 1995). Requirebeing investigated by researchers and the O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska ments of the reform include the implemenmeat industry. 68933, and tation of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Mechanical spray washing of carcasses Department of Point (HACCP) plan, microbial testing, and was not actually considered by the meat Food Science and Technology, sanitation standard operating practices. industry until 1981 when Tarpoff and SwienVirginia Tech, tek (1981) focused on the savings it could Blacksburg, generate in labor and time. They calculated *Corresponding author. Virginia 240610418, USA that the mechanical beef carcass washing
The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Frequency and duration of static stretching have not been extensively examined. Additionally, the effect of multiple stretches per day has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time and frequency of static stretching to increase flexibility of the hamstring muscles, as measured by knee extension range of motion (ROM).


SUBJECTS
Ninety-three subjects (61 men, 32 women) ranging in age from 21 to 39 years and who had limited hamstring muscle flexibility were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The four stretching groups stretched 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The fifth group, which served as a control, did not stretch.


METHODS
Data were analyzed with a 5 x 2 (group x test) two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures on one variable (test).


RESULTS
The change in flexibility appeared to be dependent on the duration and frequency of stretching. Further statistical analysis of the data indicated that the groups that stretched had more ROM than did the control group, but no differences were found among the stretching groups.


CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
The results of this study suggest that a 30-second duration is an effective amount of time to sustain a hamstring muscle stretch in order to increase ROM. No increase in flexibility occurred when the duration of stretching was increased from 30 to 60 seconds or when the frequency of stretching was increased from one to three times per day.
Accelerated hypofractionated adjuvant whole breast radiation with simultaneous integrated boost using volumetric modulated arc therapy for early breast cancer: A phase I/II dosimetric and clinical feasibility study from a tertiary cancer care centre of India.

BACKGROUND
Hypofractionation has become standard of care after Breast Conserving Therapy (BCT) in many European and few others western countries. Though still debatable, tumor cavity boost is routinely practised in our centre. Hypofractionation is not yet the current standard of practice in Asian countries. Employing hypofractionation and simultaneous integrated boost to lumpectomy cavity with conformal technique is not the current practice in this region. Hence the study was performed to see whether accelerated hypofractionation and simultaneous boost can be combined using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in treating early breast cancer (EBC) patients.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Female patients with EBC treated by whole breast radiation and boost were treated simultaneously to a dose of 40.5Gy and 48Gy in fifteen fractions over three weeks to entire breast and tumor cavity respectively with VMAT. Dosimetry including target coverage, OAR (organ at risk) sparing and acute radiation toxicity were evaluated.


RESULTS
Ten consecutive patients were treated. Planning target volume (PTV) coverage and OAR sparing were mostly satisfactory. Mean volume of PTVWB and PTVBoost were 786.18cm3 and 228.9cm3 respectively. Mean Dmean to PTVWB and PTVBOOST were 41.9Gy and 49.1Gy respectively. Dmax to PTVWB and PTVBOOST were 127.56% and 110.67% respectively. Ipsilateral lung mean dose and V20 were 13.92Gy and 21.53% respectively. V40 and V25 of heart were 0.17% and 2.25% respectively. All patients are disease free after a median follow up of two years. Most acute toxicities were Grade1. Only two patients out of ten developed Grade 2 skin reaction during radiation. Early cosmesis using Harvard cosmesis scale is good to excellent.


CONCLUSIONS
Accelerated hypofractionated RT using SIB-VMAT is a clinically feasible technique with acceptable initial result. Initial results are encouraging.


MINI ABSTRACT
Simultaneous integrated boost with accelerated hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy is a novel approach. Patient selection and technical considerations are of paramount importance. The present study describes successful implementation of this approach.
Social media news communities: gatekeeping, coverage, and statement bias

We examine biases in online news sources and social media communities around them. To that end, we introduce unsupervised methods considering three types of biases: selection or ``gatekeeping'' bias, coverage bias, and statement bias, characterizing each one through a series of metrics. Our results, obtained by analyzing 80 international news sources during a two-week period, show that biases are subtle but observable, and follow geographical boundaries more closely than political ones. We also demonstrate how these biases are to some extent amplified by social media.
Fat Embolism Syndrome

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) was first described in 1862, but its frequency today is still unclear. A diagnosis of FES is often missed because of a subclinical illness or coexisting confusing injuries or disease. Fat embolism syndrome develops most commonly after orthopedic injuries, but it has also been reported after other forms of trauma such as severe burns, liver injury, closed-chest cardiac massage, bone marrow transplantation, and liposuction. Although FES usually presents as a multisystem disorder, the most seriously affected organs are the lung, brain, cardiovascular system, and skin. Fat embolism syndrome is a self-limiting disease and treatment should be mainly supportive. Many drugs have been used to treat FES, but the results are inconclusive.
Climate Change and Environmental Hazards Related to Shipping: An International Legal Framework

In Climate Change and Environmental Hazards Related to Shipping the editors offer an overview on the recent discussions regarding legal questions of tackling climate change and the legal instruments related to environmental problems caused by international shipping.
An Asset Allocation Puzzle : Comment By HAIM SHALIT AND

The purpose of this note is to look at the rationale behind popular advice on portfolio allocation among cash, bonds, and stocks. We argue that the typical investment advice is not inconsistent with the behavior of risk-averse expected-utility maximizers. We propose an additional solution to the asset allocation puzzle posed by Niko Canner et al. (1997), who argue that popular advice contradicts financial theory because it is inconsistent with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) mutual-fund separation theorem. The CAPM asserts that investors should hold the same selection of risky assets, while popular advice is that investors should hold a proportion of bonds to stocks that increases with risk aversion. Using mean-variance (MV) analysis and the CAPM, Canner et al. show that recommended portfolios are far from optimal and that losses from the apparent failure of optimization are not substantial. However, they failed to explain the popular advice within an economic model. We offer a rational model based on stochastic dominance to demonstrate that all popular financial advice portfolios belong to the efficient set for all risk-averse investors. Using the historical annual real returns on bonds and stocks in Canner et al., we cannot ascertain that investment advisors indeed offer bad advice. Rather, we maintain that acting as agents for numerous clients, advisors recommend portfolios that are not inefficient for all risk-averse investors. I. Overview
Digital Image Processing Algorithms and Applications

Description: A unique collection of algorithms and lab experiments for practitioners and researchers of digital image processing technology With the field of digital image processing rapidly expanding, there is a growing need for a book that would go beyond theory and techniques to address the underlying algorithms. Digital Image Processing Algorithms and Applications fills the gap in the field, providing scientists and engineers with a complete library of algorithms for digital image processing, coding, and analysis. Digital image transform algorithms, edge detection algorithms, and image segmentation algorithms are carefully gleaned from the literature for compatibility and a track record of acceptance in the scientific community. The author guides readers through all facets of the technology, supplementing the discussion with detailed lab exercises in EIKONA, his own digital image processing software, as well as useful PDF transparencies. He covers in depth filtering and enhancement, transforms, compression, edge detection, region segmentation, and shape analysis, explaining at every step the relevant theory, algorithm structure, and its use for problem solving in various applications. The availability of the lab exercises and the source code (all algorithms are presented in C-code) over the Internet makes the book an invaluable self-study guide. It also lets interested readers develop digital image processing applications on ordinary desktop computers as well as on Unix machines.
F--a model of events based on the foundational ontology dolce+DnS ultralight

The lack of a formal model of events hinders interoperability in distributed event-based systems. In this paper, we present a formal model of events, called Event-Model-F. The model is based on the foundational ontology DOLCE+DnS Ultralight (DUL) and provides comprehensive support to represent time and space, objects and persons, as well as mereological, causal, and correlative relationships between events. In addition, the Event-Model-F provides a flexible means for event composition, modeling event causality and event correlation, and representing different interpretations of the same event. The Event-Model-F is developed following the pattern-oriented approach of DUL, is modularized in different ontologies, and can be easily extended by domain specific ontologies.
High patient satisfaction of inflatable penile prosthesis insertion with synchronous penile plication for erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease.

INTRODUCTION
Twenty to thirty percent of patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) have erectile dysfunction (ED) refractory to medical therapy and may benefit from a combined procedure addressing both conditions.


AIM
The aim of this study was to show the efficacy of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion and synchronous penile plication for correcting penile curvature and ED in patients with PD.


METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent IPP insertion with synchronous penile plication at our tertiary care center between 2010 and 2013. All patients received an intraoperative saline intracorporal injection to induce an artificial erection. After the tunica albuginea was exposed via a standard transverse scrotal incision over the proximal penile shaft, the incision was retracted distally and/or laterally as needed for plication suture placement. Plication sutures were placed in parallel opposite the angle of greatest curvature. The incision was returned proximally to the standard penoscrotal junction for IPP insertion. Demographic and surgical data were collected from the patients' medical records. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively using a nonvalidated questionnaire.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The focus of this study was surgical outcomes, both technical and patient-reported satisfaction.


RESULTS
Eighteen patients with a mean age of 63 years underwent IPP insertion with synchronous penile plication. Patients presented with dorsal (n = 11), lateral (n = 2), and biplanar curvature (n = 5). Mean preoperative curvature was 39 degrees (range 30-60) and was corrected on average to <5 degrees (range <5-12) using a median of four plication sutures (range 3-6). Among 15 patients completing a postoperative satisfaction survey at a mean of 11 months, all reported improvement in their overall condition and penile curvature; one with biplanar deformity reported minor residual curvature. None reported continued pain or required suture release.


CONCLUSIONS
IPP insertion with synchronous penile plication for the correction of ED and PD is effective and results in high patient satisfaction.
The Influence of Visual Cognitive Style when Learning from Instructional Animations and Static Pictures.

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Cognitive style Instructional animation Instructional picture Visualization ATI-effects Multimedia In a 2 × 2 design, we examined the role of visual cognitive style in two multimedia-based learning environments (text plus static pictures/animations). A statistically significant interaction was obtained for deeper comprehension: Highly developed visualizers (HDV) who learned with static pictures performed better than HDV who learned with animations, and less developed visualizers (LDV) performed the same with static pictures or animations. For factual knowledge, there was a main effect in favor of HDV. Subsequent tests revealed that HDV outperformed LDV only when learning from static pictures, but not when studying animations. There were no overall differences between animations and static pictures. The assumption is made that HDV benefit from their cognitive style when they have to construct a mental animation from static pictures. Concluding, we did not find any rationale for converting static pictures to animations — HDV learned better with static pictures, while for LDV, it made no difference. Within the whole area of research on multimedia learning a considerable number of studies have been carried out to answer the question whether instructional animations or static pictures might be the better solution for learning and understanding (e.
A spatiotemporal compression based approach for efficient big data processing on Cloud

a Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia b Joowing Australia Pty Ltd., 26 Entally Drive, Wheelers Hill, VIC 3150, Australia c School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada d Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3110, Australia