LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Risk scores for predicting incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population: the Kailuan prospective study

Few risk scores have been specifically developed to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in China. In the present study, we aimed to develop such risk scores, based on simple clinical variables. We studied a population-based cohort of 73,987 adults, aged 18 years and over. After 5.35 ± 1.59 years of follow-up, 4,726 participants (9.58%) in the exploration cohort developed type 2 diabetes and 2,327 participants (9.44%) in the validation cohort developed type 2 diabetes. Age, gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, education, blood pressure, and resting heart rate were selected to form the concise score with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.67. The variables in the concise score combined with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride (TG) or use of lipid-lowering drugs constituted the accurate score with an AUC value of 0.77. The utility of the two scores was confirmed in the validation cohort with AUCs of 0.66 and 0.77, respectively. In summary, the concise score, based on non-laboratory variables, could be used to identify individuals at high risk of developing diabetes within Chinese population; the accurate score, which also uses FPG and TG data, is better at identifying such individuals.
Friendly home automation system using cell phone and J2ME with feedback instant voice messages

This paper introduces a friendly system to control the home appliances remotely by the use of mobile cell phones; this system is well known as “Home Automation System” (HAS).
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems: Fault detection and isolation and safe parking

This work presents an integrated framework for fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control of variable air volume (VAV) boxes, a common component of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. To this end, first a statistical model based fault detection and isolation framework is designed using existing techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and joint angle analysis. Then a novel linear causal model based framework for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of multiple actuator and ∗Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 905 525 9140 ext. 23273; fax: +1 905 521 1350. Email address: shahnah@mcmaster.ca, mhaskar@mcmaster.ca, John.M.House@jci.com, Timothy.I.Salsbury@jci.com (Hadi Shahnazari, Prashant Mhaskar, John M House and Timothy I. Salsbury ) Preprint submitted to Elsevier February 21, 2017 multiple sensor faults is designed and implemented. The linear causal model based approach is seen to possess superior fault-isolation capabilities compared to the statistical model based framework. Finally, a safe parking strategy is demonstrated to handle stuck dampers in air handling unit (AHU)s using a detailed simulation model.
Safety and ethics of bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy in difficult asthma.

AIM
To investigate the safety of bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy in children with difficult asthma, and discuss the ethical issues associated with the procedure.


METHODS
A three year prospective observational study was performed in two tertiary paediatric respiratory centres specialising in the management of children with difficult asthma. A total of 48 children with difficult asthma and 35 non-asthmatic children were studied.


RESULTS
Flexible bronchoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia in 38 children with difficult asthma, and rigid bronchoscopy was performed in 10, following a two week course of prednisolone. Endobronchial biopsy was performed in 47 patients. Perioperative complications occurred in one asthmatic undergoing flexible bronchoscopy (desaturation) and in two undergoing rigid bronchoscopy (desaturation in one, and bronchospasm and desaturation in one). There were no cases of significant bleeding or pneumothorax among the asthmatics. Flexible bronchoscopy was performed in 35 non-asthmatic patients with a variety of clinical indications. The total number of perioperative complications was greater in the non-asthmatics undergoing flexible bronchoscopy than in the asthmatics (17 complications in 35 children versus one in 38). Fever requiring hospital admission was documented in two asthmatics following bronchoscopy. Four asthmatics reported an increase in symptoms in the week following bronchoscopy.


CONCLUSIONS
Bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy under general anaesthesia can be performed safely in children with difficult asthma, when the bronchoscopist and anaesthetist are suitably trained. The procedure is acceptable to the families involved.
A new feature selection method for Gaussian mixture clustering

Article history: Received 7 December 2007 Received in revised form 29 May 2008 Accepted 31 May 2008
Excess mortality in acromegaly.

BACKGROUND
Increased production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in patients with acromegaly is associated with a twofold increase in mortality compared with the general population. The range of standardised mortality rates in various studies ranges from 1.2 to 3.6.


PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY
Multivariate analysis has indicated that post-treatment serum GH levels and, in a number of studies, serum IGF-I levels are the most powerful predictors of outcome. Normal IGF-I concentrations and random GH levels <2.5 microg/l measured by polyclonal radioimmunoassay result in optimal outcome. Other factors adversely influencing mortality include hypertension and a long interval between onset of the disorder and diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of recent reports suggests that adoption of treatment guidelines with appropriate post-treatment target ranges for GH and IGF-I, together with the availability of newer methods to control GH oversecretion, has significantly improved patient outcomes.
Blood Pressure and Cardiorenal Responses to Antihypertensive Therapy in Obese Women artigo original

Objective: Blood pressure(BP) and target organ responses to antihypertensive drugs are not well established in hypertensive obese patients. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of obesity and adiposity distribution patterns on these responses. Methods: 49 hypertensive obese women were designated to different groups according to waist to hip ratio measurements – 37 with troncular and 12 with peripheral obesity. Patients were treated for 24-weeks on a stepwise regimen with cilazapril alone or a cilazapril/hydrochlorothiazide/amlodipine combination therapy to achieve a BP lower than 140/90mmHg. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, and albuminuria were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After 24 weeks, weight loss was less than 2% in both groups. ABPM targets were achieved in 81.5% of patients upon a combination of 2(26.5%) or 3(55.1%) drugs. Similar reductions in daytime-SBP/DBP: -22.5/-14.1(troncular obesity) / -23.6/-14.9mmHg (peripheral obesity) were obtained. Decrease in nocturnal-SBP was greater in troncular obesity patients. Upon BP control, microalbuminuria was markedly decreased, while only slight decrease in left ventricular mass was observed for both groups. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, most patients required combined antihypertensive therapy to control their BP, regardless of their body fat distribution pattern. Optimal target BP and normal albuminuria were achieved in the group as a whole and in both obese patient groups, while benefits to cardiac structure were of a smaller magnitude. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2008;52/1:65-75)
Safety and efficacy in children of an SQ-standardized grass allergen tablet for sublingual immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND
Immunotherapy with the SQ-standardized grass tablet Grazax is efficacious and well-tolerated in adult patients with rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis are closely linked, and a strategy combining treatment of the upper and lower airways is recommended.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of treatment with the grass tablet on grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma as well as the immunologic response and the safety profile in children.


METHODS
A total of 253 children age 5 to 16 years, with grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis with/without asthma, were randomized 1:1 to active treatment or placebo. Treatment was initiated 8 to 23 weeks before the start of the grass pollen season 2007 and continued throughout the entire season. Symptomatic medication was provided as relief medication to both groups in a stepwise fashion. Primary endpoints were rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores.


RESULTS
The rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores and the asthma symptom score were all statistically significantly different between the 2 treatment groups. The differences in medians relative to placebo were 24%, 34%, and 64% in favor of active treatment. The immunologic response was similar to that observed in adults. The most common adverse reaction was oral pruritus, reported by 40 subjects (32%) in the active and 3 (2%) in the placebo group. Six subjects withdrew because of adverse events. No serious adverse events were assessed as treatment-related.


CONCLUSION
Immunotherapy with the grass tablet reduced grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms in a pediatric population and introduced an immunomodulatory response, consistent with treatment of the underlying allergic disease. The treatment was well tolerated.
Defect-Oriented Testing and Defective-Part-Level Prediction

0740-7475/01/$10.00 © 2001 IEEE January–February 2001 AFTER AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) design is complete, but before first silicon arrives from the manufacturing facility, the design team prepares a set of test patterns to isolate defective parts. Applying this test pattern set to every manufactured part reduces the fraction of defective parts erroneously sold to customers as defect-free parts. This fraction is referred to as the defect level (DL). However, many IC manufacturers quote defective part level, which is obtained by multiplying the defect level by one million to give the number of defective parts per million. Ideally, we could accurately estimate the defective part level by analyzing the circuit structure, the applied test-pattern set, and the manufacturing yield. If the expected defective part level exceeded some specified value, then either the test pattern set or (in extreme cases) the design could be modified to achieve adequate quality. Although the IC industry widely accepts stuck-at fault detection as a key test-quality figure of merit, it is nevertheless necessary to detect other defect types seen in real manufacturing environments.1,2 For example, designers and test engineers often use stuck-at fault coverage in the Williams-Brown model3 to estimate the defect level of a part:
Treatment of proximal hamstring ruptures - a systematic review.

Proximal hamstring ruptures are increasingly treated surgically, despite little high-level supporting evidence. We sought to determine whether there are differences in clinical outcome after surgical vs. non-surgical treatment of proximal hamstring tendinous avulsions/ruptures and acute vs. chronic surgical repair of tendinous avulsions. Multiple medical databases were searched for Level I-IV evidence. 18 studies were included. 298 subjects (300 proximal hamstring injuries) were analyzed with mean age of 39.7 years. 286 injuries were managed with surgical repair vs. 14 non-operative. 95 surgical cases were performed within 4 weeks of the injury (acute), while 191 were performed beyond 4 weeks (chronic). 292 injuries were tendinous avulsions while 8 were bony tuberosity avulsions. Surgical repair resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) better subjective outcomes, greater rate of return to pre-injury level of sport, and greater strength/endurance than non-surgical management. Similarly, acute surgical repair had significantly better patient satisfaction, subjective outcomes, pain relief, strength/endurance, and higher rate of return to pre-injury level of sport than chronic repair (p < 0.001) with reduced risk of complications and re-rupture (p < 0.05). Chronic surgical repair also improves outcomes, strength and endurance, and return-to-sport, but not as well as acute repair. Non-operative treatment results in reduced patient satisfaction, with significantly lower rates of return to pre-injury level of sport and reduced hamstring muscle strength.
Autonomic nervous function in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A prospective randomized comparison between transnasal and oral procedures

Background. Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) using an ultrathin endoscope is less stressful to the cardiovascular system with less elevation of systolic blood pressure (BP) than oral procedures. To elucidate the mechanism of such beneficial cardiovascular responses, we performed a prospective patient-centered randomized study in which BP and pulse rate (P), as well as autonomic nervous functions, were estimated during transnasal EGD compared with those in oral procedures using the same ultrathin endoscope. Methods. The study involved 781 patients, among whom 55 and 56 cases were assigned to transnasal and oral EGD groups, respectively. The autonomic nervous responses were determined employing power spectral analysis (PSA) of heart-rate variations on electrocardiogram. PSA data were based on two peaks in lowfrequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) ranges. HF power and the ratio of LF power/HF power represented parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activities, respectively. Results. Our study confirmed the lesser elevation of BP and P in patients undergoing transnasal EGD than in those undergoing oral procedures. PSA revealed a lower increase in LH power/HF power in transnasal EGD than in oral EGD. However, both endoscopic procedures equally suppressed HF power. Significant correlations were found between the parameters of cardiovascular response (P and BP) and autonomic functions (LF power/HF power ratio and HF power). Conclusions. This is the first study demonstrating less sympathetic stimulation in patients undergoing transnasal EGD, leading to lesser elevation of BP and P.
Acute ischemic brain lesions in infective endocarditis: incidence, related factors, and postoperative outcome.

BACKGROUND
Acute brain infarction affects the timing and regimen of cardiac surgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). We aimed to identify preoperative brain MRI characteristics, incidence, and related factors for acute ischemic lesions in left-sided IE patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Furthermore, we investigated whether preoperative acute ischemic lesions are associated with postoperative neurological complications in IE patients.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with a definite left-sided IE who underwent cardiac surgery in 6 university-affiliated hospitals from January 2004 to November 2011. Preoperative brain MRI evaluations were systematically performed on all patients without contraindications, regardless of neurological complications, with the aim of preventing perioperative complications. Patients were included if diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences were performed within 14 days after diagnosis. Associations between acute ischemic lesions and related factors were analyzed. Neurological complications within 30 days after surgery were evaluated for postoperative outcome analyses.


RESULTS
Of 139 consecutive patients with left-sided IE who underwent cardiac surgery, 85 patients were evaluated in this study. The mean age was 58 ± 16 years, and 22 patients (26%) were women. Preoperative MRI revealed acute ischemic lesions in 47 patients (55%), and 19 of these patients developed neurological symptoms. Among the patients with ischemic lesions, 24 (60%) had small lesions (<10 mm), 36 (77%) had multiple lesions, and 30 (64%) had lesions in multiple vascular territories. Compared to patients without ischemic lesions, patients with acute ischemic lesions were older and had significantly higher white blood cell counts and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, but lower hemoglobin levels. Logistic regression analyses showed that the white blood cell count and plasma CRP level were independently associated with acute ischemic lesions [adjusted OR per 1-SD increase were 2.21 (95% CI: 1.23-4.35) and 2.33 (95% CI: 1.27-4.96), respectively]. Three patients developed postoperative neurological complications, but preoperative acute ischemic lesions and postoperative complications were not associated.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative MRI detected a high incidence of asymptomatic ischemic lesions in IE patients. Acute ischemic lesions were often small, multiple, and located in multiple vascular territories. Inflammatory reactions may play an important role in the development of ischemic lesions in IE patients.
Reproductive health status and life skills of adolescent girls dwelling in slums in Chennai, India.

BACKGROUND
Adolescent girls dwelling in slums are vulnerable to poor reproductive health due to lack of awareness about reproductive health and low life skills. These girls are in a crucial stage of their life cycle and their health can impact the health of future generations. Despite adolescents comprising almost one-quarter of the Indian population they are ill served in terms of reproductive health.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study was done among 130 slum-dwelling adolescent girls, aged 13-19 years, using multistage sampling method from five slums in Chennai, southern India. The reproductive and menstrual morbidity profile, personal and environmental menstrual hygiene was assessed to determine their reproductive health-seeking behaviour and life skills.


RESULTS
Ninety-five (73%) girls (95% CI 66.23-81.36) reported menstrual morbidity and 66 (51%; 95% CI 50.74-52.25) had symptoms suggestive of reproductive/urinary tract infection. Of the girls surveyed, 55 (42%) were married. Nearly 25% (95% CI 23.07-26.92) of the married girls had a history of abortion and 18% (95% CI 11.32-25.07) had self-treated with medications for the same. Contraceptive use among ever-married girls was 22.7% (95% CI 20.83-24.56). Even though 75% of respondents knew about HIV/AIDS, their knowledge of modes of transmission and prevention were low (39% and 19%, respectively). Almost 39% of respondents felt shame or insecurity as the key barrier for not seeking reproductive healthcare. About 52% had low life skill levels. On logistic regression, menstrual morbidity was high among those with low life skills, symptoms suggestive of reproductive/urinary tract infection were high among those who were married before 14 years of age and life skills were high among those who belonged to the scheduled caste community.


CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of menstrual/reproductive morbidity, self-treated abortion and low knowledge about modes of HIV transmission/prevention and use of contraceptives among adolescent girls in slums in Chennai. There is a need to initiate community-level life skill education, sex education and behaviour change communication.
Eastern Model-Theory for Boolean-Valued Theories

In this paper we study some model-theoretic properties of Boolean-valued models in which the interpretations of certain first-order sentences have prescribed values in a fixed complete Boolean algebra ; these are models of a natural Boolean-valued analogue of a consistent first-order theory as introduced in A. SHORB’S thesis [12] (see also [7]). We obtain conditions for such a Boolean-valued theory to be preserved under submodels or under unions of chains; the conditions are in terms of the least Boolean-value which an universal, or Qhentence, respectively, has to take in a model of the given theory. These results enable us to investigate model completeness and existentially closed models for a Boolean-valued theory. It is proved that the relation between a model companion for a first-order theory and its cIass of existentially closed models still holds in this context.
Three-month depot of goserelin acetate: clinical efficacy and endocrine profile. Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of the new goserelin acetate 10.8-mg depot with the 3.6-mg depot in patients with advanced prostate cancer during the first 3 months of therapy.


METHODS
One hundred sixty patients were randomized in two comparative studies to receive either the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot every 12 weeks or the 3.6-mg goserelin acetate depot every 4 weeks for 12 weeks and then the 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks thereafter. Data for pharmacodynamic assessments were collected prospectively, whereas clinical response data were collected retrospectively.


RESULTS
Serum testosterone profiles of the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot and the 3.6-mg goserelin acetate depot were similar; testosterone levels in both groups fell below castrate levels by day 21 after administration. Decreases in serum prostate-specific antigen level after 3 months of therapy were also similar in both groups: 94% with the 10.8-mg depot and 92.5% with the 3.6-mg depot. For all patients, the median time to progression was 152.7 weeks and the median time to death was 213.6 weeks. The safety profile of the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot was similar to that of the 3.6-mg depot; hot flashes was the most common adverse event. The incidence of injection site reactions was very low (2 [0.3%] of 614 administrations).


CONCLUSIONS
The new 10.8-mg depot was pharmacodynamically equivalent to the current 3.6-mg depot and was well tolerated, both locally and systemically. The observed times to progression and survival were as expected in this patient population. The 10.8-mg goserelin-acetate depot provided a dosing schedule that was convenient for the patient and the physician, and it has the potential to reduce health care costs while maintaining the quality of life in patients being treated for advanced prostate cancer.
Ranking Domain-Specific Highlights by Analyzing Edited Videos

We present a fully automatic system for ranking domainspecific highlights in unconstrained personal videos by analyzing online edited videos. A novel latent linear ranking model is proposed to handle noisy training data harvested online. Specifically, given a search query (domain) such as “surfing”, our system mines the Youtube database to find pairs of raw and corresponding edited videos. Leveraging the assumption that edited video is more likely to contain highlights than the trimmed parts of the raw video, we obtain pair-wise ranking constraints to train our model. The learning task is challenging due to the amount of noise and variation in the mined data. Hence, a latent loss function is incorporated to robustly deal with the noise. We efficiently learn the latent model on a large number of videos (about 700 minutes in all) using a novel EM-like self-paced model selection procedure. Our latent ranking model outperforms its classification counterpart, a motion analysis baseline [15], and a fully-supervised ranking system that requires labels from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Finally, we show that impressive highlights can be retrieved without additional human supervision for domains like skating, surfing, skiing, gymnastics, parkour, and dog activity in unconstrained personal videos.