LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Performance Overhead Comparison between Hypervisor and Container Based Virtualization

The current virtualization solution in the Cloud widely relies on hypervisor-based technologies. Along with the recent popularity of Docker, the container-based virtualization starts receiving more attention for being a promising alternative. Since both of the virtualization solutions are not resource-free, their performance overheads would lead to negative impacts on the quality of Cloud services. To help fundamentally understand the performance difference between these two types of virtualization solutions, we use a physical machine with "just-enough" resource as a baseline to investigate the performance overhead of a standalone Docker container against a standalone virtual machine (VM). With findings contrary to the related work, our evaluation results show that the virtualization's performance overhead could vary not only on a feature-by-feature basis but also on a job-to-job basis. Although the container-based solution is undoubtedly lightweight, the hypervisor-based technology does not come with higher performance overhead in every case. For example, Docker containers particularly exhibit lower QoS in terms of storage transaction speed.
Quantum Amplitude Amplification and Estimation

Consider a Boolean function χ : X → {0, 1} that partitions set X between its good and bad elements, where x is good if χ(x) = 1 and bad otherwise. Consider also a quantum algorithm A such that A|0〉 =∑x∈X αx|x〉 is a quantum superposition of the elements of X, and let a denote the probability that a good element is produced if A|0〉 is measured. If we repeat the process of running A, measuring the output, and using χ to check the validity of the result, we shall expect to repeat 1/a times on the average before a solution is found. Amplitude amplification is a process that allows to find a good x after an expected number of applications of A and its inverse which is proportional to 1/ √ a, assuming algorithm A makes no measurements. ∗ Département IRO, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada H3C 3J7. email: brassard@iro.umontreal.ca. Supported in part by Canada’s Nserc and Québec’s Fcar. † BRICS, Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Bldg. 540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. email: hoyer@brics.dk. Part of this work was done while at Département IRO, Université de Montréal. Basic Research in Computer Science is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation. ‡ CACR, Department of C&O, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. email: mmosca@cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca. Most of this work was done while at Centre for Quantum Computation, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford. Supported in part by Canada’s Nserc and UK’s Cesg. § CACR, email: atapp@cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca. Most of this work was done while at Département IRO, Université de Montréal. Supported in part by a postdoctoral fellowship from Canada’s nserc. This is a generalization of Grover’s searching algorithm in which A was restricted to producing an equal superposition of all members of X and we had a promise that a single x existed such that χ(x) = 1. Our algorithm works whether or not the value of a is known ahead of time. In case the value of a is known, we can find a good x after a number of applications of A and its inverse which is proportional to 1/ √ a even in the worst case. We show that this quadratic speedup can also be obtained for a large family of search problems for which good classical heuristics exist. Finally, as our main result, we combine ideas from Grover’s and Shor’s quantum algorithms to perform amplitude estimation, a process that allows to estimate the value of a. We apply amplitude estimation to the problem of approximate counting, in which we wish to estimate the number of x ∈ X such that χ(x) = 1. We obtain optimal quantum algorithms in a variety of settings.
Weather, soils and pollution from agriculture

CHAPTER 1. Potential Polluting Effects of Agriculture on Water -- CHAPTER 2. Trends in Water Quality in Ireland -- CHAPTER 3. Soil - The Living Filter -- CHAPTER 4. Run off Risk of Irish Soils -- CHAPTER 5. MeterologicaI Conditions and Runoff -- CHAPTER 6. Weather Information and How farmers Can Use It.
Use of personal digital assistants for data collection in a multi-site AIDS stigma study in rural south Nyanza, Kenya.

OBJECTIVES
To describe the development, cost effectiveness and implementation of a PDA based electronic system to collect, verify and manage data from a multi-site study on HIV/AIDS stigma and pregnancy in a rural, resource-poor area.


METHODS
We worked within a large prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) program in nine rural health facilities to implement a PDA-based data collection system and to study the feasibility of its use in a multisite HIV research study in rural Kenya. The PDAs were programmed for collecting screening and eligibility data, and responses to structured interviews on HIV/AIDS stigma and violence in three local languages.


RESULTS
Between November 2007 and December 2008, nine PDAs were used by Clinic and Community Health Assistants to enrol 1,270 participants on to the PMTCT program. Successes included: capacity-building of interviewers, low cost of implementation, quick turnaround time of data entry with good data quality, and convenience.


CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing PDAs for data collection in a multi-site observational study on HIV/AIDS stigma conducted in remote rural health facilities in Kenya. However, appropriate and frequent data backup protocols need to be established and paper forms are still needed as backup tools in resource-poor settings.
A biomechanical analysis of the soft tissue and osseous constraints of the hip joint

The goal of this study was to determine the role of soft tissue and osseous constraints in hip biomechanics using a unique robotic testing apparatus. Four fresh-frozen human cadaveric hemi-pelvises without degenerative changes or dysplasia were stripped of all soft tissue except the ligamentous capsule and the intra-articular structures. All hips were tested using a robotic manipulator/universal force-moment sensor testing system to measure and compare end-range of motion (ROM) and kinematic translations in “capsule vented” (a small hole in the capsule) and “capsule separated” (capsular ligaments separated from each other) states. Then, the “capsule vented” state was compared to the condition in which the capsule and labrum were removed to calculate bone and soft tissue forces with 40 N of load applied in six different directions along three axes. There were no significant differences in end-ROM or kinematic translations between the “capsule vented” and “capsule separated” states. Bone forces significantly increased with loads applied in the anterior, posterior and superior directions. Soft tissue forces increased significantly with loads applied in the medial, lateral and inferior directions. The individual hip capsular ligaments act independently of each other to resist end-ROM. Both osseous and soft tissue constraints are important to hip biomechanics depending upon the direction of applied force. The clinical relevance is that surgical management for hip disorders should preserve the soft tissue constraints in the hip when possible to maintain normal hip biomechanics.
Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post-extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE
To review the literature to assess the amount of change in height and width of the residual ridge after tooth extraction.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
MEDLINE-PubMed and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched through up to March 2009. Appropriate studies which data reported concerning the dimensional changes in alveolar height and width after tooth extraction were included. Approximal height change, mid-buccal change, mid-crestal change, mid-lingual change, Alveolar width change and socket fill were selected as outcome variables. Mean values and if available standard deviations were extracted. Weighted mean changes were calculated.


RESULTS
Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 1244 MEDLINE-PubMed and 106 Cochrane papers resulted in 12 publications that met the eligibility criteria. The reduction in width of the alveolar ridges was 3.87 mm. The mean clinical mid-buccal height loss was 1.67 mm. The mean crestal height change as assessed on the radiographs was 1.53 mm. Socket fill in height as measured relative to the original socket floor was on an average 2.57 mm.


CONCLUSION
During the post-extraction healing period, the weighted mean changes as based on the data derived from the individual selected studies show the clinical loss in width to be greater than the loss in height, assessed both clinically as well as radiographically.
Gravity study of the structure of Suswa volcano and basement in the Kenya Rift

Abstract The most remarkable gravity feature in the Kenya Rift Valley is a positive gravity lineation that accords with the spatial distribution of the microseismic, volcanic and geothermal activity. It is interpreted in terms of a hot mantle intrusion zone, 10–20 km wide, representing the heat source for many geothermal systems in the rift. Filtering and upward-continuation techniques have led to the identification of the gravity components associated with the complex caldera structure of Suswa volcano and sub-volcano formation, by modelling of the residual gravity data. Geophysical data indicate a model where ascending masses of material from the mantle are intimately coupled to the accumulation of a mafic melt at shallow depth in the area of Naivasha tectonic segment, where a geothermal field at Olkaria is under exploitation. High-frequency gravity data are consistent with volcanological and geophysical evidence in suggesting that the area of Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes, Olkaria, Suswa and Longonot, is a thermally privileged site.
On the Margins: Considering Diversity among Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships

Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) encompasses romantic relationships in which all partners agree that engaging in sexual and/or romantic relationships with other people is allowed and part of their relationship arrangement (Conley, Moors, Matsick & Ziegler, 2012). Previous research indicates that individuals who participate in CNM relationships are demographically homogenous (Sheff & Hammers, 2010; Sheff, 2005); however, we argue that this may be an artifact of community-based recruitment strategies that have created an inaccurate reflection of people who engage in CNM. To achieve a more nuanced understanding of the identities of individuals engaged in departures from monogamy, the present study provides a comparative analysis of descriptive statistics of those in CNM relationships and those in monogamous relationships. Using data from two large online samples, we examined the extent to which individuals with certain demographic variables (gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age) are overor under-represented in CNM and monogamous relationships. Overall, we aim to promote future research of CNM that is more inclusive of diverse identities.
Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy.

3D printing and numerical analysis are combined to design a new class of architected materials that contain bistable beam elements and exhibit controlled trapping of elastic energy. The proposed energy-absorbing structures are reusable. Moreover, the mechanism of energy absorption stems solely from the structural geometry of the printed beam elements, and is therefore both material- and loading-rate independent.
[7] A. Asuncion and D. J. Newman. UCI Machine Learning Repository

[3] Rakesh Agrawal and Arun Swami. A one-pass space-efficient algorithm for finding quantiles. A one-pass algorithm for accurately estimating quantiles for disk-resident data. [8] Jürgen Beringer and Eyke Hüllermeier. An efficient algorithm for instance-based learning on data streams.
Inkjet-Printed High Mobility Transparent–Oxide Semiconductors

In this paper, we report a general and low-cost process to fabricate high mobility metal-oxide semiconductors that is suitable for thin-film electronics. This process use simple metal halide precursors dissolved in an organic solvent and is capable of forming uniform and continuous thin films via inkjet-printing or spin-coating process. This process has been demonstrated to deposit a variety of semiconducting metal oxides include binary oxides (ZnO, In2O3 , SnO2 , Ga2O3 ), ternary oxides (ZIO, ITO, ZTO, IGO) and quaternary compounds (IZTO, IGZO). Functional thin film transistors with high field-effect mobility were fabricated successfully using channel layers deposited from this process. This synthetic pathway opens an avenue to form patterned metal oxide semiconductors through a simple and low-cost process and to fabricate high performance transparent thin film electronics via digital fabrication processes on large substrates.
Is Nonfarm Diversification a Way Out of Poverty for Rural Households? Evidence from Vietnam in 1993-2006 INTERIM REPORT

Using the four high quality household living standards surveys available to date this paper reveals that Vietnam’s rural labour force has been markedly diversifying toward nonfarm activities in the doi moi (renovation) reform. The employment share of the RNFS has increased from 23 percent to 58 percent between the years 1993 and 2006. At the individual level, the results indicate that participation in the RNFS is determined by a set of individual, household, and community level characteristics. Gender, ethnicity, and educations are reported as main individual-level drivers of nonfarm diversification. Lands as most important physical assets of rural households are found to be negative to nonfarm employment. It is also evident that both physical and institutional infrastructures exert important influences on individual participation in the nonfarm sector. At the household level, a combination of parametric and semi-parametric analysis is adopted to examine whether nonfarm diversification is a poverty exit path for rural households. This paper demonstrates a positive effect of nonfarm diversification on household welfare and this effect is robust to different estimation techniques, measures of nonfarm diversification, and the usage of equivalent scales. However, the poor is reported to benefit less than the non-poor from nonfarm activities. Though promoting a buoyant nonfarm sector is crucial for rural development and poverty reduction, it needs to be associated with enhancing access to nonfarm opportunities for the poor. JEL code: J21, J49
Sketch-based modeling: A survey

User interfaces in modeling have traditionally followed the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer) paradigm. Though functional and very powerful, they can also be cumbersome and daunting to a novice user, and creating a complex model requires considerable expertise and effort. A recent trend is toward more accessible and natural interfaces, which has lead to sketch-based interfaces for modeling (SBIM). The goal is to allow sketches—hasty freehand drawings—to be used in the modeling process, from rough model creation through to fine detail construction. Mapping a 2D sketch to a 3D modeling operation is a difficult task, rife with ambiguity. To wit, we present a categorization based on how a SBIM application chooses to interpret a sketch, of which there are three primary methods: to create a 3D model, to add details to an existing model, or to deform and manipulate a model. Additionally, in this paper we introduce a survey of sketch-based interfaces focused on 3D geometric modeling applications. The canonical and recent works are presented and classified, including techniques for sketch acquisition, filtering, and interpretation. The survey also provides an overview of some specific applications of SBIM and a discussion of important challenges and open problems for researchers to tackle in the coming years. & 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Predicting sports events from past results Towards effective betting on football matches

A system for predicting the results of football matches that beats the bookmakers’ odds is presented. The predictions for the matches are based on previous results of the teams involved.
IT Outsourcing Contracts and Performance Measurement

Companies that outsource IT services usually focus on achieving multiple objectives and outsourcing contracts typically specify a variety of metrics to measure and reward (or penalize) vendor performance. The specific types of performance metrics included in a contract strongly affect its incentive content and ultimately its outcome. One specific challenge is the measurement of performance when an outsourcing arrangement has a mix of objectives, some that are highly measurable and others that are not. Recent advances in contract theory suggest that the design of incentives for a given objective is affected by the characteristics of other objectives. However, there is little empirical work that demonstrates how relevant these “multitask” concerns are in real-world contracts. We apply contract theory to examine how objectives and incentives are related in IT outsourcing contracts that include multiple objectives with varying measurement costs. In our context, contracts generally share the objective of reducing IT costs but vary in the importance of increasing IT quality. We establish empirical results about performance measurement in IT outsourcing contracts that are consistent with recent theoretical propositions. We find that the use of strong direct incentives for a given measurable objective is negatively correlated with the presence of less-measurable objectives in the contract. We show that outsourcing contracts that emphasize goals with high measurement costs employ more performance metrics than initiatives whose objectives have a lower measurement-cost profile. Surprisingly, as the number of performance metrics increase, satisfactory outcomes decrease, which we explain within a multi-task theory framework. Overall, our results provide empirical support for multi-task principal-agent theory and important guidance in designing outsourcing contracts for complex IT services.
Switch to raltegravir decreases soluble CD14 in virologically suppressed overweight women: the Women, Integrase and Fat Accumulation Trial.

OBJECTIVES
Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is a monocyte activation marker associated with increased mortality in HIV infection. We assessed 48-week changes in sCD14 and other inflammatory biomarkers in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected women switching to raltegravir (RAL) from a protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).


METHODS
HIV-infected women with central adiposity and HIV-1 RNA < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL continued their thymidine-sparing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone and were randomized to switch to open-label RAL at week 0 (immediate) or 24 (delayed). In an exploratory analysis, inflammatory biomarkers were measured on stored fasting plasma.


RESULTS
Of the 37 evaluable subjects, 78% were non-White; the median age was 43 years, the median body mass index (BMI) was 32 kg/m(2) and the median CD4 count was 558 cells/μL. At baseline, biomarker values were similar between groups. After 24 weeks, median sCD14 significantly declined in subjects switching to RAL [-21% (P < 0.001) vs. PI/NNRTI -5% (P = 0.49); between-group P < 0.01]. After 48 weeks, immediate-switch subjects maintained this decline and delayed-switch subjects experienced a similar decline following the switch to RAL (-10%; within-group P < 0.01). Immediate-switch subjects also experienced an initial increase in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α that was neither maintained after 48 weeks nor seen in delayed-switch subjects. After adjustment for multiple testing, only declines in sCD14 remained significant.


CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized trial of women with central adiposity, a switch to RAL from a PI or NNRTI was associated with a statistically significant decline in sCD14. Further studies are needed to determine whether integrase inhibitors have improved monocyte activation profiles compared with PIs and/or NNRTIs, and whether measured differences between antiretroviral agents translate to demonstrable clinical benefit.
Growth and yield of maize and timber trees in smallholder agroforestry systems in Claveria, northern Mindanao, Philippines

On-farm experiments were conducted in the Philippines to study over a 4-year period the growth of two timber trees, gmelina (Gmelina arborea R. Br.) and bagras (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume), and their impact on the grain yield of intercropped maize. The experiment consisted of maize monocropping plots (control) and maize intercropped between trees planted in block (2 × 2.5 m), and hedgerow arrangement (1 × 10 m). Three maize crops were planted in the block plots before canopy closure, and seven maize crops were planted in the hedgerow and monocropping plots. Maize grain yield in the hedgerow and in the block arrangement with gmelina were respectively 37% (16.58 tons ha−1) and 68% (8.3 tons ha−1) lower than in monocropping (26.21 tons ha−1). In the plots with bagras, maize grain yield in hedgerow and in block arrangement were respectively 19% (24.8 tons ha−1) and 66% (10.4 tons ha−1) lower than in monocropping (30.6 tons ha−1). For both tree species, the diameter at breast height (dbh) was greater in hedgerow than in block arrangement, with the difference being more pronounced with age. It was estimated that gmelina planted in hedgerows would produce 6–8 m3 ha−1 of merchantable volume more than if planted in block. The study verifies the hypothesis that intercropping between widely-spaced trees rows (planted at 10 m or more) is more profitable and feasible to smallholders than either maize monocropping or woodlots, and concludes with recommendations on how to further improve the productivity of tree-intercropping systems.
A Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Density Estimate for Geometric Inference

Abstract Motivated by a broad range of potential applications in topological and geometric inference, we introduce a weighted version of the knearest neighbor density estimate. Various pointwise consistency results of this estimate are established. We present a general central limit theorem under the lightest possible conditions. In addition, a strong approximation result is obtained and the choice of the optimal set of weights is discussed. In particular, the classical k-nearest neighbor estimate is not optimal in a sense described in the manuscript. The proposed method has been implemented to recover level sets in both simulated and real-life data.