LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adoption as sensemaking: toward an adopter-centered process model of IT adoption

Current technology adoption research focuses on relationships between attitudes, intentions, behavior, and their various antecedents, but little is known about how these relationships develop and the processes by which adoption actually takes place. Karl Weick’s model of sensemaking in organizations is presented as a basic model for understanding adoption attitudes and behavior from an adopter-centered, process-oriented perspective. This perspective provides the opportunity for a much richer understanding of how adoption occurs and how it can be influenced. Seven properties of sensemaking are discussed in terms of adoption, the sensemaking model is compared to Rogers’ innovation-decision process model, and many research questions are mentioned to guide future process-oriented adoption research.
Of Women, Men, and Divorce: Not by Economics Alone

The authors "present an empirical exploration of the determinants of marital dissolution which begins with variables found in economic models but also incorporates at least one non-economic factor religion. This enables us both to examine to what extent this variable adds to the explanatory power of the model and also how it interacts with some of the economic variables. Such evidence lends credence to the view that norms also influence marital behavior." The geographical focus is on the United States. (EXCERPT)
Feature-based watermarking of 2D vector data

This paper deals with the issue of watermarking 2D-vector data (point coordinates) which are used in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The tolerance range of the coordinates is used to embed the information. As an embedding constraint no violation of the tolerance range at each point may occur. In the first step of our approach we lay a rectangular grid over the map, where the origin, the extension, and the subdivision of this grid is only known by the embedder. Based on a secret key we choose two disjunctive sets A and B of grid elements namely "patches." Now these selected elements are further divided into smaller subareas or "subpatches." In subpatches belonging to set A the distances of points to a reference line within each subpatch are decreased while the distances of subpatches of set B are unchanged. In the retrieving procedure we consider all subpatches belonging to the sets A and B and calculate for each of the two sets their sample variance. The decision whether the map is watermarked with a certain key or not is based on this feature and is made with the help of a hypothesis test. The proposed method is robust against attacks changing the coordinates within the tolerance range and against polygon simplification procedures.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Aggressive Genetic Programming Approach for Searching Neural Network Structure Under Computational Constraints

Recently, there emerged revived interests of designing automatic programs (e.g., using genetic/evolutionary algorithms) to optimize the structure of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) [1] for a specific task. The challenge in designing such programs lies in how to balance between large search space of the network structures and high computational costs. Existing works either impose strong restrictions on the search space or use enormous computing resources. In this paper, we study how to design a genetic programming approach for optimizing the structure of a CNN for a given task under limited computational resources yet without imposing strong restrictions on the search space. To reduce the computational costs, we propose two general strategies that are observed to be helpful: (i) aggressively selecting strongest individuals for survival and reproduction, and killing weaker individuals at a very early age; (ii) increasing mutation frequency to encourage diversity and faster evolution. The combined strategy with additional optimization techniques allows us to explore a large search space but with affordable computational costs. Our results on standard benchmark datasets (MNIST [1], SVHN [2], CIFAR-10 [3], CIFAR-100 [3]) are competitive to similar approaches with significantly reduced computational costs.
Outcome following tranexamic acid exposure during breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the outcome of infants exposed to tranexamic acid during lactation.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A prospective, controlled observational study design was used. Mothers who contacted the Beilinson Teratology Information Service (BELTIS) regarding use of tranexamic acid while breastfeeding were followed up by phone interview. Data on lactation, neonatal symptoms, and outcomes at the age of 1-3 years were obtained. Mothers' breastfeeding while taking tranexamic acid and their infants were compared with those of a matched control group of breastfeeding mothers using a drug known to be safe during lactation (amoxicillin) and their infants.


RESULTS
Follow-up was obtained for 28 of 32 women who sought advice regarding use of tranexamic acid during breastfeeding. Of the 28 women, six did not take the drug, and one refused to participate. The 21 remaining women (study group) were compared with 42 control women. A decreased amount of breastmilk was reported by one woman in the study group versus two women in the control group (p=1.0). Possible adverse drug effects were reported for one of 21 study group infants (restlessness) and for one of 42 control group infants (gastroesophageal reflux) (p=1.0). Growth below the 3rd percentile was found in one of 21 study group infants versus four of 42 control group infants (p=0.66). Development was normal for all study group infants.


CONCLUSIONS
No increase in adverse long-term outcomes was found in infants exposed through breastfeeding to tranexamic acid. Our data in conjunction with previous estimates of very low drug exposure support continuation of breastfeeding in women requiring treatment with tranexamic acid.
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SHAPE MANIPULATION IN GENERATION A LITERATURE REVIEW

In this paper we will present a state of the art of the descriptive and generative models for shape. We will present several different approaches for the manipulation of shape in computational systems: numerical models, graph models, descriptive models. This investigation will lead to a discussion regarding the use of these models for supporting the generation of shapes in the early phases of the design process.
Differentiating flow, melt, or fossil seismic anisotropy beneath Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a region where continental rifting gives way to oceanic spreading. Yet the role that pre-existing lithospheric structure, melt, mantle flow, or active upwellings may play in this process is debated. Measurements of seismic anisotropy are often used to attempt to understand the contribution that these mechanisms may play. In this study, we use new data in Afar, Ethiopia along with legacy data across Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Yemen to obtain estimates of mantle anisotropy using SKS-wave splitting. We show that two layers of anisotropy exist, and we directly invert for these. We show that fossil anisotropy with fast directions oriented northeast-southwest may be preserved in the lithosphere away from the rift. Beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift and parts of Afar, anisotropy due to shear segregated melt along sharp changes in lithospheric thickness dominates the shear-wave splitting signal in the mantle. Beneath Afar, away from regions with significant lithospheric topography, melt pockets associated with the crustal and uppermost mantle magma storage dominate the signal in localized regions. In general, little anisotropy is seen in the uppermost mantle beneath Afar suggesting melt retains no preferential alignment. These results show the important role melt plays in weakening the lithosphere and imply that as rifting evolves passive upwelling sustains extension. A dominant northeast-southwest anisotropic fast direction is observed in a deeper layer across all of Ethiopia. This suggests that a conduit like plume is lacking beneath Afar today, rather a broad flow from the southwest dominates flow in the upper mantle.
PATTERNS IN NATURE

Strand Earth Patterns, Cycles, and Changes Topic Investigating patterns in natural objects Primary SOL K.9 The student will investigate and understand that there are simple repeating patterns in his/her daily life. Key concepts include b) the shapes and forms of many common natural objects including seeds, cones, and leaves. Related SOL K.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific reasoning, logic, and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which b) observations are made from multiple positions to achieve different perspectives; k) objects are described both pictorially and verbally. Background Information Nature contains many patterns that can be observed and described. Veins in a leaf, spirals in shells, and flower petals are just a few examples of patterns found in nature. Other patterns include the seasons of the year and day and night.
Prediction of an unfavourable course of low back pain in general practice: comparison of four instruments.

BACKGROUND
Several instruments can be used to identify patients with an unfavourable course of low back pain in general practice. However, it is unclear which instrument is the predictor of outcome.


AIM
To compare the predictive performance (that is, calibration and discrimination) of risk estimation by GPs with assessments using the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire, the Low Back Pain Perception Scale (LBPPS), and a prediction rule developed for this purpose.


DESIGN OF STUDY
A prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up.


SETTING
General practice in The Netherlands.


METHOD
The outcome 'unfavourable course of low back pain' was defined as having no clinically important improvement at minimally 50% of the measurements at 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks. Logistic regression analyses were used to study associations between potential predictors and outcome.


RESULTS
In total, 60 GPs recruited 314 patients to the study (16 patients were excluded from analysis due to missing data on the course of low back pain). Over a third of patients (112/298) showed an unfavourable course of low back pain on follow-up. Risk estimation by GPs, the Orebro questionnaire, the LBPPS, and the prediction rule had discriminative ability (area under the curve) of 0.59 (95% CI [confidence intervals] = 0.52 to 0.66); 0.61 (95% CI = 0.54 to 0.67); 0.59 (95% CI = 0.52 to 0.66); and 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.81) respectively. The prediction rule included history of low back pain, self-perceived risk to develop chronic low back pain, no solicitous responses of the patient's partner (as reported by the patient), frequent walking at work, and 'pain catastrophising'.


CONCLUSION
Although the prediction rule performed best with regard to calibration and discrimination, it needs to be externally validated. Risk estimation by GPs performs as well as other instruments and, at present, seems to be the best available option.
QoS ontology based efficient web services selection

The ability to efficiently and effectively select the inter-organizational and heterogeneous services is the important support for the development of the Web service technology. Quality of service (QoS) profiles of Web services are crucial in determining which service best addresses the user desires and objectives. This paper developed a general QoS-based service selection method. By importing the proposed QoS ontology into OWL-S standards, the method can express Web service's nonfunctional attributes in a semantic and extensible way. Web service QoS based selection is formulated as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) which can be solved by using different MCDM models to evaluate QoS criteria of the candidate Web services. The values of quality parameters of a Web service are normalized to a non-negative real-valued number where higher normalized values represent higher levels of service performance. The proposed approach can be used as a solution for the complexity and reliability web service selection problem.
Conditions for "creative knowledge cities": finding from a comparison between 13 European metropolises: "going creative" - an option for all European cities?

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Bridging belief function theory to modern machine learning

Machine learning is a quickly evolving field which now looks really different from what it was 15 years ago, when classification and clustering were major issues. This document proposes several trends to explore the new questions of modern machine learning, with the strong afterthought that the belief function framework has a major role to play.
Comparison of the university hospital and county hospitals in western Sweden to identify potential weak links in the early chain of care for acute stroke: results of an observational study

OBJECTIVE
To identify weak links in the early chain of care for acute stroke.


SETTING
9 emergency hospitals in western Sweden, each with a stroke unit, and the emergency medical services (EMS).


PARTICIPANTS
All patients hospitalised with a first and a final diagnosis of stroke-between 15 December 2010 and 15 April 2011. The university hospital in the city of Gothenburg was compared with 6 county hospitals. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES: (1) The system delay, that is, median delay time from call to the EMS until diagnosis was designated as the primary end point. Secondary end points were: (2) the system delay time from call to the EMS until arrival in a hospital ward, (3) the use of the EMS, (4) priority at the dispatch centre and (5) suspicion of stroke by the EMS nurse.


RESULTS
In all, 1376 acute patients with stroke (median age 79 years; 49% women) were included. The median system delay from call to the EMS until (1) diagnosis (CT scan) and (2) arrival in a hospital ward was 3 h and 52 min and 4 h and 22 min, respectively. The system delay (1) was significantly shorter in county hospitals. (3) The study showed that 76% used the EMS (Gothenburg 71%; the county 79%; p<0.0001). (4) Priority 1 was given at the dispatch centre in 54% of cases. (5) Stroke was suspected in 65% of cases. A prenotification was sent in 32% (Gothenburg 52%; the county 20%; p<0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
System delay is still long and only a small fraction of patients received thrombolysis. Three of four used the EMS (more frequent in the county). They were given the highest priority at the dispatch centre in half of the cases. Stroke was suspected in two-thirds of the cases, but a prenotification was seldom sent to the hospital.
Are latinos less satisfied with communication by health care providers?

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of patient ratings of communication by health care providers with patient language (English vs Spanish) and ethnicity (Latino vs white). METHODS: A random sample of patients receiving medical care from a physician group association concentrated on the West Coast was studied. A total of 7,093 English and Spanish language questionnaires were returned for an overall response rate of 59%. Five questions asking patients to rate communication by their health care providers were examined in this study. All five questions were administered with a 7-point response scale. MAIN RESULTS: We estimated the associations of satisfaction ratings with language (English vs Spanish) and ethnicity (white vs Latino) using ordinal logistic models, controlling for age and gender. Latinos responding in Spanish (Latino/Spanish) were significantly more dissatisfied compared with Latinos responding in English (Latino/English) and non-Latino whites responding in English (white) when asked about: (1) the medical staff listened to what they say (29% vs 17% vs 13% rated this “very poor,” “poor,” or “fair”; p<.01); (2) answers to their questions (27% vs 16% vs 12%; p<.01); (3) explanations about prescribed medications (22% vs 19% vs 14%; p<.01); (4) explanations about medical procedures and test results (36% vs 21% vs 17%; p<.01); and (5) reassurance and support from their doctors and the office staff (37% vs 23% vs 18%; p<.01). CONCLUSION: This study documents that Latino/Spanish respondents are significantly more dissatisfied with provider communication than Latino/English and white respondents. These results suggest Spanish-speaking Latinos may be at increased risk of lower quality of care and poor health outcomes. Efforts to improve the quality of communication with Spanish-speaking Latino patients in outpatient health care settings are needed.
Low-Profile Printed Octa-Band LTE/WWAN Mobile Phone Antenna Using Embedded Parallel Resonant Structure

A simple low-profile antenna for octa-band LTE/WWAN operation in the internal mobile phone application is proposed and studied in this article. Consisting of a feeding strip and a coupling strip mainly, the presented antenna can be easily printed on the no-ground area of the top of a FR4 substrate, yet it occupies only a size of 15 × 40 mm2 and has a height of 3.5 mm. In this scheme, a chip inductor (L1 = 20 nH) is loaded in the long inductive strip, which can form a parallel resonant structure together with the coupling strip section close to the feeding strip. With these presences, a double-resonance mode (λ/4 resonant mode) is successfully generated at about 720 and 900 MHz to cover the lower band of LTE700/GSM850/900 (704-960 MHz). While the desired upper band of DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 (1710-2690 MHz) can be obtained with the help of second two resonant modes, including a high-order λ/2 resonant mode at 1800 MHz and a λ/4 resonant mode at 2550 MHz. That is to say that those two wide operating bandwidths are achieved to cover all the octa-band LTE/WWAN operation. Good radiation efficiency and antenna gain for frequencies over the desired operating bands is obtained. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna are described, and both experimental and simulation results are also presented and discussed.
Consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum do not alter urinary equol excretion and plasma reproductive hormones in premenopausal women

Objective: To confirm the results of an earlier study showing premenopausal equol excretors to have hormone profiles associated with reduced breast cancer risk, and to investigate whether equol excretion status and plasma hormone concentrations can be influenced by consumption of probiotics.Design: A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial.Subjects: In all, 34 of the initially enrolled 37 subjects completed all requirements.Intervention: All subjects were followed for two full menstrual cycles and the first seven days of a third cycle. During menstrual cycle 1, plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), estrone-sulfate (E1-S), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured on cycle day 2, 3, or 4, and urinary equol measured on day 7 after a 4-day soy challenge. Subjects then received either probiotic capsules (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum) or placebo capsules through day 7 of menstrual cycle 3, at which time both the plasma hormone concentrations and the post-soy challenge urinary equol measurements were repeated.Results: During menstrual cycle 1, equol excretors and non-excretors were not significantly different with respect to subject characteristics, diet, or hormone concentrations. Significant inverse correlations were found between E2 and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.02), SHBG and BMI (P=0.01), DHEA-S and dietary fiber (P=0.04), and A and protein:carbohydrate ratio (P=0.02). Probiotic consumption failed to significantly alter equol excretor status or hormone concentrations during menstrual cycle 3, although there were trends towards decreased concentrations of T (P=0.14) and SHBG (P=0.10) in the probiotic group.Conclusions: We were unable to verify a previously reported finding of premenopausal equol excretors having plasma hormone concentrations different from those of nonexcretors. Furthermore, a 2-month intervention with probiotic capsules did not significantly alter equol excretion or plasma hormone concentrations.
How ‘ Big Data ’ is Different FALL 2012

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Time-frequency convolutional networks for robust speech recognition

Convolutional deep neural networks (CDNNs) have consistently shown more robustness to noise and background contamination than traditional deep neural networks (DNNs). For speech recognition, CDNNs apply their convolution filters across frequency, which helps to remove cross-spectral distortions and, to some extent, speaker-level variability stemming from vocal tract length differences. Convolution across time has not been considered with much enthusiasm within the speech technology community. This work presents a modified CDNN architecture that we call the time-frequency convolutional network (TFCNN), in which two parallel layers of convolution are performed on the input feature space: convolution across time and frequency, each using a different pooling layer. The feature maps obtained from the convolution layers are then combined and fed to a fully connected DNN. Our experimental analysis on noise-, channel-, and reverberation-corrupted databases shows that TFCNNs demonstrate reduced speech recognition error rates compared to CDNNs whether using baseline mel-filterbank features or noise-robust acoustic features.
20 Glycerol — Just a Moisturizer ? Biological and Biophysical Effects

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