LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Detection of anaerobic odontogenic infections by fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole

Odontogenic infections are a potential risk for patients who receive cervicofacial radiotherapy and should be treated before irradiation. Anaerobic microbial infections are the most common causes. This study assessed the value of the hypoxic imaging agent fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) in detecting anaerobic odontogenic infections. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed at 2 h after injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) of FMISO in 26 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and six controls with healthy teeth. Tomograms were interpreted visually to identify hypoxic foci in the jaw. All patients received thorough dental examinations as a pre-radiotherapy work-up. Fifty-one sites of periodontitis, 15 periodontal abscesses, 14 sites of dental caries with root canal infection, 23 sites of dental caries without root canal infection, and seven necrotic pulps were found by dental examination. Anaerobic pathogens were isolated from 12 patients. Increased uptake of FMISO was found at 45 out of 51 sites of periodontitis, all 15 sites of periodontal abscess, all 14 sites of dental caries with root canal infection, all seven sites of necrotic pulp and 15 sites of dental caries without obvious evidence of active root canal infection. No abnormal uptake was seen in the healthy teeth of patients or in the six controls. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of FMISO PET scan in detecting odontogenic infections were 93%, 97%, 84%, 99% and 96%, respectively.18F-fluoride ion bone scan done in three patients showed that18F-fluoride ion plays no role in the demonstration of anaerobic odontogenic infection. FMISO PET scan is a sensitive method for the detection of anaerobic odontogenic infections, and may play a complementary role in the evaluation of the dental condition of patients with head and neck tumours prior to radiation therapy.
Relationship between turnover and burnout among Japanese hospital nurses.

Burnout is construed as a phenomenon occurring among professionals who work with people , and as a result raises serious problems for human service workers, especially hospital nurses. Nurses’ burnout, known to be related to age and working years, can have an adverse impact on nurses’ development and the quality of care in medical institutes . In the Maslach Burnout Inventory—General Survey (MBI-GS) which measures burnout in general professions, burnout consists of three factors: exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy. Exhaustion refers to fatigue, cynicism refers to indifference or a distant attitude toward work, professional efficacy refers to both social and non-social accomplishment at work. Tao and Kudo, in a cross-sectional study, suggested that nurses’ burnout would result in their intention of leaving. A few other studies which have investigated Japanese nurses’ turnover by cross-sectional study have indicated that the reasons for their turnover were low supervisory support, health problems, inadequate career development, low job satisfaction, familial issues, poor working conditions, low job control, high job demand, and depressive status. We have investigated the factors associated with nurses’ turnover in order to understand the factors contributing to the turnover of high-skilled nurses with the objective of maintaining the quality of nursing in medical institutes. With reference to the indication of Tao et al., we hypothesized that Japanese nurses’ turnover was associated with burnout, and we explored the relationship between turnover and burnout by a follow-up study in order to certify our hypothesis.
Fragmentation of 2-(dialkylamino)ethyl phosphate derivatives. Mechanism change as a function of substituents at phosphorus

The products and the first-order rate constants for the fragmentation of six phosphonic diesters (2) and two phosphonic monester chlorides (3), all containing the 2-(dialkylaminoethyl) group as one of the ester functions, have been determined. On the basis of different reaction products, different rates of decomposition, and different activation parameters, a new mechanism for the fragmentation of ester chlorides (3) is proposed: fragmentation involving release of the chloride ion and the formation of the 1,1-dialkylaziridinium ion and metaphosphonate as the reactive intermediates. Keywords: fragmentation of phosphates and phosphorochloridates, "metaphosphate" mechanism of phosphates, activation entropy in mechanistic change, 2-(dialkylamino)ethylphosphates.
3-D Design and Analysis of Functional NEMS-gate MOSFETs and SETs

Nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS)-gate metal- oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and single- electron transistor (SET) structures are investigated by combining 3-D design and SPICE simulation. First, the metal gate is simulated by using a 3-D simulator, which enables to design realistic 3-D device structures, and its movement is studied for different design parameters. It is demonstrated that a low stiffness design of the structure is essential for a low-voltage actuation. Results are compared with theoretical numerical simulation and a tunable capacitor model is then embedded in a SPICE simulator and coupled either with a transistor model for MOS-NEMS or with a newly developed SET analytical model for SET-NEMS. It is shown that the use of NEMS membrane can add new functionalities to conventional MOSFET and SET, such as very abrupt switching of the current, which can break theoretical limits of MOSFET, or modulation of Coulomb oscillations governing SET characteristics
Environmental Impact of Organic Agriculture

Organic agriculture (OA) is practiced on 1% of the global agricultural land area and its importance continues to grow. Specifically, OA is perceived by many as having less Advances inAgronomy, ISSN 0065-2113 © 2016 Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2016.05.003 All rights reserved. 1 ARTICLE IN PRESS
Algorithm for generating orthogonal matrices with rational elements

Special orthogonal matrices with rational elements form the group SO(n,Q), where Q is the field of rational numbers. A theorem describing the structure of an arbitrary matrix from this group is proved. This theorem yields an algorithm for generating such matrices by means of random number routines.
Safety and acceptability of condoms for use by homosexual men as a prophylactic against transmission of HIV during anogenital sexual intercourse.


 In the Western world the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS and AIDS related conditions, is transmitted mainly by anogenital sexual intercourse between men. Since prevention of transmission is at present the only way of controlling the epidemic, prevention programs should be aimed at homosexual men. Information campaigns have resulted in some change in sexual behavior among homosexual men, but additional measures are required. Condoms may prove to be an acceptable and worthwhile means of preventing transmission of the virus during sexual intercourse since the HIV cannot penetrate the intact membrane of latex condoms. 17 male homosexual couples responded to an advertisement in a gay magazine inviting steady couples to participate in a study on the acceptability of condoms. In general, the stiffest condoms seemed to be safer than the others, but they were also the least liked and therefore unacceptable to the participants. Changes are necessary for the successful introduction of condoms as a prophylactic against transmission of the HIV in male homosexuals.
سرمایه فرهنگی و شادی جوانان

In recent decades, the concept of cultural capital has created a lot of scientific studies over the world in the sociology of education. These studies mainly based on the two models: Bourdieu's Cultural reproduction and DiMaggio's cultural mobility. These have achieved different results. This Study aimed at evaluating the theoretical models in an empirical condition. Middle and high school students in Jovein Township were the population of the survey. Four hundred students were selected by proportional stratified sampling and their parents were interviewed. The results indicate that the family's cultural capital has a significant impact on children's educational success. However, the findings of this study do not support the hypothesis of the two theoretical models. 
 
Keywords 
Cultural capital, Educational success, Bourdieu's cultural reproduction, DiMaggio's cultural mobility, Cultural Convergence
A broad uplift occurs in Iceland in response to the retreat of ice caps , which began circa 1890

[1] A broad uplift occurs in Iceland in response to the retreat of ice caps, which began circa 1890. Until now, this deformation signal has been measured primarily using GPS at points some distance away from the ice caps. Here, for the first time we use satellite radar interferometry (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) to constrain uplift of the ground all the way up to the edge of the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. This allows for improved constraints on the Earth rheology, both the thickness of the uppermost Earth layer that responds only in an elastic manner and the viscosity below it. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar velocities indicate a maximum displacement rate of 24 4 and 31 4 mm/yr at the edge of Vatnajökull, during 1995–2002 and 2004–2009, respectively. The fastest rates occur at outlet glaciers of low elevation where ice retreat is high. We compare the observations with glacial isostatic adjustment models that include the deglaciation history of the Icelandic ice caps since 1890 and two Earth layers. Using a Bayesian approach, we derived probability density functions for the average Earth model parameters for three satellite tracks. Based on our assumptions, the three best fit models give elastic thicknesses in the range of 15–40 km, and viscosities ranging from 4–10 10 Pa s.
Classification and Reconstruction of High-Dimensional Signals From Low-Dimensional Features in the Presence of Side Information

This paper offers a characterization of fundamental limits on the classification and reconstruction of high-dimensional signals from low-dimensional features, in the presence of side information. We consider a scenario where a decoder has access both to linear features of the signal of interest and to linear features of the side information signal; while the side information may be in a compressed form, the objective is recovery or classification of the primary signal, not the side information. The signal of interest and the side information are each assumed to have (distinct) latent discrete labels; conditioned on these two labels, the signal of interest and side information are drawn from a multivariate Gaussian distribution that correlates the two. With joint probabilities on the latent labels, the overall signal-(side information) representation is defined by a Gaussian mixture model. By considering bounds to the misclassification probability associated with the recovery of the underlying signal label, and bounds to the reconstruction error associated with the recovery of the signal of interest itself, we then provide sharp sufficient and/or necessary conditions for these quantities to approach zero when the covariance matrices of the Gaussians are nearly low rank. These conditions, which are reminiscent of the well-known Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv conditions, are the function of the number of linear features extracted from signal of interest, the number of linear features extracted from the side information signal, and the geometry of these signals and their interplay. Moreover, on assuming that the signal of interest and the side information obey such an approximately low-rank model, we derive the expansions of the reconstruction error as a function of the deviation from an exactly low-rank model; such expansions also allow the identification of operational regimes, where the impact of side information on signal reconstruction is most relevant. Our framework, which offers a principled mechanism to integrate side information in high-dimensional data problems, is also tested in the context of imaging applications. In particular, we report state-of-theart results in compressive hyperspectral imaging applications, where the accompanying side information is a conventional digital photograph.
Intermetallic compound formation in Sn-Co-Cu, Sn-Ag-Cu and eutectic Sn-Cu solder joints on electroless Ni(P) immersion au surface finish after reflow soldering

The interfacial reactions between Sn-0.4Co-0.7Cu eutectic alloy and immersion Au/electroless Ni(P)/Cu substrate were investigated after reflow soldering at 260degC for 2 minutes. Common Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu and eutectic Sn-0.7Cu solders were used as reference. Two types of intermetallic compounds (IMC) were found in the solder matrix of the Sn-0.4Co-0.7Cu alloy, namely coarser CoSn2 and finer Cu6 Sn5 particles, while only one ternary (Cu,Ni)6 Sn5 interfacial compound was detected between the solder alloy and the ENIG (electroless nickel and immersion gold) coated substrate. The same trend was also observed for the Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Cu solder joints. Compared with the CoSn2 particles found in the Sn-Co-Cu solder and the Ag3Sn particles found in the Sn-Ag-Cu solder, the Cu6Sn5 particles found in both solder systems exhibited finer structure and more uniform distribution. It was noted that the thickness of the interfacial IMCs for the Sn-Co-Cu, Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Cu alloys was 3.5mum, 4.3mum and 4.1mum, respectively, as a result of longer reflow time above the alloy's melting temperature since the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy has the lowest melting point
Distinguishing addiction and high engagement in the context of online game playing

This study considered whether the distinction between core and peripheral criteria for behavioral addiction, previously drawn with respect to computing activities in general, applies in the specific area of Massively Multiplayer Online Game playing. Questionnaire items were administered over the Internet to 442 game players. Factor-analysis of the data supported the previous findings for computing in general. An addiction factor loaded on items tapping previously identified core criteria (conflict, withdrawal symptoms, relapse and reinstatement and behavioral salience) and a (non-pathological) engagement factor loaded on items tapping previously identified peripheral criteria (cognitive salience, tolerance and euphoria). Analysis of response frequencies supported the existence of a developmental process whereby peripheral criteria are met before core criteria. Players who might be considered addicted using a monothetic classification system involving only the core criteria were shown to spend a significantly greater amount of time playing per week than those endorsing only the peripheral criteria. It is concluded that the study supports the idea that it is inappropriate to use some of the previously used criteria for addiction when researching or diagnosing computer-related addictions. Implications of the present findings for Internet-mediated data collection methodologies are also discussed.
The CoNLL-2014 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction

The CoNLL-2013 shared task was devoted to grammatical error correction. In this paper, we give the task definition, present the data sets, and describe the evaluation metric and scorer used in the shared task. We also give an overview of the various approaches adopted by the participating teams, and present the evaluation results.
Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The focus of this review is outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Recent literature relating to pathophysiology, neuropsychological outcome, and the persistent postconcussion syndrome will be integrated into the existing literature.


RECENT FINDINGS
The MTBI literature is enormous, complex, methodologically flawed, and controversial. There have been dozens of studies relating to pathophysiology, neuropsychological outcome, and the postconcussion syndrome during the past year. Two major reviews have been published. Some of the most interesting prospective research has been done with athletes.


SUMMARY
The cognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae are self-limiting and reasonably predictable. Mild traumatic brain injuries are characterized by immediate physiological changes conceptualized as a multilayered neurometabolic cascade in which affected cells typically recover, although under certain circumstances a small number might degenerate and die. The primary pathophysiologies include ionic shifts, abnormal energy metabolism, diminished cerebral blood flow, and impaired neurotransmission. During the first week after injury the brain undergoes a dynamic restorative process. Athletes typically return to pre-injury functioning (assessed using symptom ratings or brief neuropsychological measures) within 2-14 days. Trauma patients usually take longer to return to their pre-injury functioning. In these patients recovery can be incomplete and can be complicated by preexisting psychiatric or substance abuse problems, poor general health, concurrent orthopedic injuries, or comorbid problems (e.g. chronic pain, depression, substance abuse, life stress, unemployment, and protracted litigation).
On Graphical Modeling of Preference and Importance

In recent years, CP-nets have emerged as a useful tool for supporting preference elicitation, reasoning, and representation. CP-nets capture and support reasoning with qualitative conditional preference statements, statements that are relatively natural for users to express. In this paper, we extend the CP-nets formalism to handle another class of very natural qualitative statements one often uses in expressing preferences in daily life – statements of relative importance of attributes. The resulting formalism, TCP-nets, maintains the spirit of CP-nets, in that it remains focused on using only simple and natural preference statements, uses the ceteris paribus semantics, and utilizes a graphical representation of this information to reason about its consistency and to perform, possibly constrained, optimization using it. The extra expressiveness it provides allows us to better model tradeoffs users would like to make, more faithfully representing their preferences.
Series compensated line protection enhancement by modified pilot relaying schemes

In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of series capacitor on the performance of communication-aided distance protection schemes of transmission lines is presented. It is shown that not only the series capacitor and its overvoltage protection affect the distance protection of its line, but also the adjacent lines would experience protection problems. Mitigation of this problem is proposed by using new communication-aided schemes. The proposed schemes use the information available at the substation to inhibit relay malfunctions. The performance of the techniques is studied for different series capacitor locations in the transmission line. Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and four sophisticated commercial relays are used for testing. The results verify the impact of series capacitor on the conventional communication-aided schemes and also the effectiveness of the proposed methods
Fethi Filali, PhD [ITS People]

Discusses research and development in Qatar in the area of automotive engineering and the development of connected vehicle technology.
The collaborative filtering recommendation based on SOM cluster-indexing CBR

Collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation is a knowledge sharing technology for distribution of opinions and facilitating contacts in network society between people with similar interests. The main concerns of the CF algorithm are about prediction accuracy, speed of response time, problem of data sparsity, and scalability. In general, the efforts of improving prediction algorithms and lessening response time are decoupled. We propose a three-step CF recommendation model, which is composed of profiling, inferring, and predicting steps while considering prediction accuracy and computing speed simultaneously. This model combines a CF algorithm with two machine learning processes, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Case Based Reasoning (CBR) by changing an unsupervized clustering problem into a supervized user preference reasoning problem, which is a novel approach for the CF recommendation field. This paper demonstrates the utility of the CF recommendation based on SOM cluster-indexing CBR with validation against control algorithms through an open dataset of user preference. q 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Theoretical study of the activation of CH4 – nFn (n = 1–3) molecules by platinum in the gas-phase

Abstract The gas-phase reactions of fluorocarbon compounds CH 4 –  n F n ( n  = 1–3) with Pt ( 3 D, 1 S) have been systematically explored via density functional theory (DFT) in order to investigate the mechanisms of these reactions. The results indicate that a reaction of CH 3 F with Pt ( 3 D, 1 S) experiences a rearrangement process to generate counterintuitive production (CH 2 F−PtH). CH 2 F 2 and CHF 3 activation by Pt ( 3 D, 1 S) yields high-oxidation-state complexes with carbon–metal double bonds. Moreover, the attack of platinum atoms on fluorine atoms in different fluorocarbon compounds involves intersystem crossing (ISC) between triplet and singlet state Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs). The crossing points (CPs) have been located by the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) approach used by Yoshizawa et al. and corresponding minimum energy crossing points (MECPs) obtained by the mathematical algorithm proposed by Harvey et al. have also been used. Additionally, possible spin inversion processes are discussed using spin–orbit coupling (SOC) calculations.
Observational Surveillance Approach to Detect Novel Work-Related Diseases and Hazards: An Application to a Belgian Occupational Health and Safety Database.

OBJECTIVES
Rapid changes in working conditions give rise to new occupational health risks. We applied the Spectrosome approach, a network-based analysis, to investigate associations between disease and multiple occupational exposures.


METHODS
We investigated work and health's associations in a specific sector: the agricultural sector and for a specific and frequent health complaint: sore throat; using PRECUBE dataset of the Belgian Occupational Health and Safety, containing 381.615 occupational health observations. We compared the results of the spectrosome with classic frequency analyses.


RESULTS
Spectrosome approach reports more significant signals of multiple associations of agents compare to the frequency analysis.


CONCLUSION
This difference justifies the usefulness of taking into account the multiplicity of causes leading to a health event, which is a clear asset of the Spectrosome method.