LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Seabed characterization on the New Jersey middle and outer shelf: correlatability and spatial variability of seafloor sediment properties

Nearly 100 collocated grab samples and in situ 65 kHz acoustic measurements were collected on the New Jersey middle and outer shelf within an area that had previously been mapped with multibeam backscatter and bathymetry data, and more recently with chirp seismic reflection profiling. Eighteen short cores were also collected and probed for resistivity-based porosity measurements. The combined data set provides a basis for empirically exploring the relationship among the remotely sensed data, such as backscatter and reflection coefficients, and directly measured seabed properties such as grain size distribution, velocity, attenuation and porosity. We also investigate the spatial variability of these properties through semi-variogram analysis to facilitate acoustic modeling of natural environmental variability. Grain size distributions on the New Jersey shelf are commonly multi-modal, leading us to separately characterize coarse % (>4 mm), fine % ( < 63 Am) and mean sand grain size to quantify the distribution. We find that the backscatter is dominated by the coarse component (expressed as weight %), typically shell hash and occasionally terrigenous gravel. In sediment types where coarse material is not significant, backscatter correlates with velocity and fine weight %. Mean sand grain size and fine % are partially correlated with each other, and combined represent the primary control on velocity. The fine %, rather than mean grain size as a whole, appears to be the primary control on attenuation, although coarse % may increase attenuation marginally through scattering. Vertical-incidence seismic reflection coefficients, carefully culled of unreliable values, exhibit a strong correlation with the in situ velocity measurements, suggesting that such data may prove more reliable than backscatter at deriving sediment physical properties from remote sensing data. The velocity and mean sand grain size semi-variograms can be fitted with a von Kármán statistical model with horizontal scale f12.6 km, which provides a basis for generating synthetic realizations. 0025-3227/$ see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.030 * Corresponding author. Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Building 600, Austin, TX 78759, USA. Tel.: +1-512-471-0476; fax: +1-512-471-0999. E-mail address: goff@ig.utexas.edu (J.A. Goff). J.A. Goff et al. / Marine Geology 209 (2004) 147–172 148 The backscatter and coarse % semi-variograms exhibit two horizontal scales: one f8 km and the other too small to quantify with available data. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An MRI and proton spectroscopy study of the thalamus in children with autism

Thalamic alterations have been reported in autism, but the relationships between these abnormalities and clinical symptoms, specifically sensory features, have not been elucidated. The goal of this investigation is to combine two neuroimaging methods to examine further the pathophysiology of thalamic anomalies in autism and to identify any association with sensory deficits. Structural MRI and multi-voxel, short echo-time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) measurements were collected from 18 male children with autism and 16 healthy children. Anatomical measurements of thalamic nuclei and absolute concentration levels of key (1)H MRS metabolites were obtained. Sensory abnormalities were assessed using a sensory profile questionnaire. Lower levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphocreatine and creatine, and choline-containing metabolites were observed on the left side in the autism group compared with controls. No differences in thalamic volumes were observed between the two groups. Relationships, although limited, were observed between measures of sensory abnormalities and (1)H MRS metabolites. Findings from this study support the role of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of autism and more specifically in the sensory abnormalities observed in this disorder. Further investigations of this structure are warranted, since it plays an important role in information processing as part of the cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways.
Impact evaluation of Swiss Medical Board reports on routine care in Switzerland: a case study of PSA screening and treatment for rupture of anterior cruciate ligament.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY
Evidence-based recommendations play an important role in medical decision-making, but barriers to adherence are common. In Switzerland, the Swiss Medical Board (SMB) publishes evidence reports that conclude with recommendations. We assessed the impact of two SMB reports on service provision (2009: Recommendation of conservative treatment as first option for rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee; 2011: Recommendation against PSA screening for prostate cancer).


METHODS
We performed an observational study and assessed quantitative data over time via interrupted times series analyses. The primary outcome was the quarterly number of performed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and the annual rates of surgical ACL repair in patients with ACL rupture. Data were adjusted for time trends and relevant confounders.


RESULTS
We analysed PSA tests in 662,874 outpatients from 2005-2013 and treatment data in 101,737 patients with knee injury from 1990-2011. For the number of PSA tests, the secular trend before the intervention showed a continuous but diminishing increase over time. A statistically significant reduction in tests was estimated immediately after the intervention, but a later return to the trend before the intervention cannot be ruled out. The rate of surgical ACL repair had already declined after the late 1990s to about 55% in 2009. No relevant additional change emerged in this secular trend after the intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite some evidence of a possible change, we did not find a sustained and significant impact of SMB recommendations in our case study. Further monitoring is needed to confirm or refute these findings.
Randomised Double-Blind Comparison of Placebo and Active Drugs for Effects on Risks Associated with Blood Pressure Variability in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial

BACKGROUND
In the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial (NCT02088450), we investigated whether systolic blood pressure variability determines prognosis over and beyond level.


METHODS
Using a computerised random function and a double-blind design, we randomly allocated 4695 patients (≥60 years) with isolated systolic hypertension (160-219/<95 mm Hg) to active treatment or matching placebo. Active treatment consisted of nitrendipine (10-40 mg/day) with possible addition of enalapril (5-20 mg/day) and/or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25.0 mg/day). We assessed whether on-treatment systolic blood pressure level (SBP), visit-to-visit variability independent of the mean (VIM) or within-visit variability (WVV) predicted total (n = 286) or cardiovascular (n = 150) mortality or cardiovascular (n = 347), cerebrovascular (n = 133) or cardiac (n = 217) endpoints.


FINDINGS
At 2 years, mean between-group differences were 10.5 mm Hg (p<0.0001) for SBP, 0.29 units (p = 0.20) for VIM, and 0.07 mm Hg (p = 0.47) for WVV. Active treatment reduced (p≤0.048) cardiovascular (-28%), cerebrovascular (-40%) and cardiac (-24%) endpoints. In analyses dichotomised by the median, patients with low vs. high VIM had similar event rates (p≥0.14). Low vs. high WVV was not associated with event rates (p≥0.095), except for total and cardiovascular mortality on active treatment, which were higher with low WVV (p≤0.0003). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, SBP predicted all endpoints (p≤0.0043), whereas VIM did not predict any (p≥0.058). Except for an inverse association with total mortality (p = 0.042), WVV was not predictive (p≥0.15). Sensitivity analyses, from which we excluded blood pressure readings within 6 months after randomisation, 6 months prior to an event or both were confirmatory.


CONCLUSIONS
The double-blind placebo-controlled Syst-Eur trial demonstrated that blood-pressure lowering treatment reduces cardiovascular complications by decreasing level but not variability of SBP. Higher blood pressure level, but not higher variability, predicted risk.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02088450.
A Systematic Review of Information Security Frameworks in the Internet of Things (IoT)

By 2020, it is estimated that the number of connected devices is expected to grow exponentially to 50 billion. Internet of things has gained extensive attention, the deployment of sensors, actuators are increasing at a rapid pace around the world. There is tremendous scope for more streamlined living through an increase of smart services, but this coincides with an increase in security and privacy concerns. There is a need to perform a systematic review of Information security governance frameworks in the Internet of things (IoT). Objective – The aim of this paper to evaluate systematic review of information security management frameworks which are related to the Internet of things (IoT). It will also discuss different information security frameworks that cover IoT models and deployments across different verticals. These frameworks are classified according to the area of the framework, the security executives and senior management of any enterprise that plans to start using smart services needs to define a clear governance strategy concerning the security of their assets, this system review will help them to make a better decision for their investment for secure IoT deployments. Method – A set of standard criteria has been established to analyze which security framework will be the best fit among these classified security structures in particularly for Internet of Things (IoT). The first step to evaluate security framework by using standard criteria methodology is to identify resources, the security framework for IoT is selected to be assessed according to CCS. The second step is to develop a set of Security Targets (ST). The ST is the set of criteria to apply for the target of evaluation (TOE). The third step is data extraction, fourth step data synthesis, and final step is to write-up study as a report. Conclusion– After reviewing four information security risk frameworks, this study makes some suggestions related to information security risk governance in Internet of Things (IoT). The organizations that have decided to move to smart devices have to define the benefits and risks and deployment processes to manage security risk. The information security risk policies should comply with an organization's IT policies and standards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information security. The study observes some of the main processes that are needed to manage security risks. Moreover, the paper also drew attention on some suggestions that may assist companies which are associated with the information security framework in Internet of things (IoT).
Rapid tuning shifts in human auditory cortex enhance speech intelligibility

Experience shapes our perception of the world on a moment-to-moment basis. This robust perceptual effect of experience parallels a change in the neural representation of stimulus features, though the nature of this representation and its plasticity are not well-understood. Spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) mapping describes the neural response to acoustic features, and has been used to study contextual effects on auditory receptive fields in animal models. We performed a STRF plasticity analysis on electrophysiological data from recordings obtained directly from the human auditory cortex. Here, we report rapid, automatic plasticity of the spectrotemporal response of recorded neural ensembles, driven by previous experience with acoustic and linguistic information, and with a neurophysiological effect in the sub-second range. This plasticity reflects increased sensitivity to spectrotemporal features, enhancing the extraction of more speech-like features from a degraded stimulus and providing the physiological basis for the observed 'perceptual enhancement' in understanding speech.
From the Semantic Web to social machines: A research challenge for AI on the World Wide Web

Article history: Received 24 September 2009 Received in revised form 1 October 2009 Accepted 1 October 2009 Available online 17 November 2009 The advent of social computing on the Web has led to a new generation of Web applications that are powerful and world-changing. However, we argue that we are just at the beginning of this age of “social machines” and that their continued evolution and growth requires the cooperation of Web and AI researchers. In this paper, we show how the growing Semantic Web provides necessary support for these technologies, outline the challenges we see in bringing the technology to the next level, and propose some starting places for the research. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
How monkeys see the eyes: cotton-top tamarins’ reaction to changes in visual attention and action

Among social species, the capacity to detect where another individual is looking is adaptive because gaze direction often predicts what an individual is attending to, and thus what its future actions are likely to be. We used an expectancy violation procedure to determine whether cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) use the direction of another individual’s gaze to predict future actions. Subjects were familiarized with a sequence in which a human actor turned her attention toward one of two objects sitting on a table and then reached for that object. Following familiarization, subjects saw two test events. In one test event, the actor gazed at the new object and then reached for that object. From a human perspective, this event is considered consistent with the causal relationship between visual attention and subsequent action, that is, grabbing the object attended to. In the second test event, the actor gazed at the old object, but reached for the new object. This event is considered a violation of expectation. When the actor oriented with both her head-and-eyes, subjects looked significantly longer at the second test event in which the actor reached for the object to which she had not previously oriented. However, there was no difference in looking time between test events when the actor used only her eyes to orient. These findings suggest that tamarins are able to use some combination of head orientation and gaze direction, but not gaze direction alone, to predict the actions of a human agent.
International taxation and multinational firm location decisions

Using a large international firm-level data set, we estimate separate effects of host and parent country taxation on the location decisions of multinational firms. Both types of taxation are estimated to have a negative impact on the location of new foreign subsidiaries. In fact, the impact of parent country taxation is estimated to be relatively large, possibly reflecting its international discriminatory nature. For the cross-section of multinational firms, we find that parent firms tend to be located in countries with a relatively low taxation of foreign-source income. Overall, our results show that parent-country taxation – despite the general possibility of deferral of taxation until income repatriation – is instrumental in shaping the structure of multinational enterprise. JEL Code: F23, G32, H25, R38.
McLaren's Improved Snub Cube and Other New Spherical Designs in Three Dimensions

Evidence is presented to suggest that, in three dimensions, spherical 6-designs with N points exist for N = 24, 26, ≥ 28; 7-designs for N = 24, 30, 32, 34, ≥ 36; 8-designs for N = 36, 40, 42, ≥ 44; 9-designs for N = 48, 50, 52, ≥ 54; 10-designs for N = 60, 62, ≥ 64; 11-designs for N = 70, 72, ≥ 74; and 12-designs for N = 84, ≥ 86. The existence of some of these designs is established analytically, while others are given by very accurate numerical coordinates. The 24-point 7-design was first found by McLaren in 1963, and — although not identified as such by McLaren — consists of the vertices of an “improved” snub cube, obtained from Archimedes’ regular snub cube (which is only a 3-design) by slightly shrinking each square face and expanding each triangular face. 5-designs with 23 and 25 points are presented which, taken together with earlier work of Reznick, show that 5-designs exist for N = 12, 16, 18, 20, ≥ 22. It is conjectured, albeit with decreasing confidence for t ≥ 9, that these lists of t-designs are complete and that no others exist. One of the constructions gives a sequence of putative spherical t-designs with N = 12m points (m ≥ 2) where N = 1 2 t2(1 + o(1)) as t→∞. McLaren’s Improved Snub Cube and Other New Spherical Designs in Three Dimensions R. H. Hardin and N. J. A. Sloane Mathematical Sciences Research Center AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA
Reduction of Conjunctival Fibrosis After Trabeculectomy Using Topical α-Lipoic Acid in Rabbit Eyes

PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in reducing scarring after trabeculectomy.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent trabeculectomy. During trabeculectomy, thin sponges were placed between the sclera and Tenon's capsule for 3 minutes, saline solution, mitomycin-C (MMC) and ALA was applied to the control group (CG) (n=6 eyes), MMC group (MMCG) (n=6 eyes), and ALA group (ALAG) (n=6 eyes), respectively. After surgery, topical saline and ALA was applied for 28 days to the control and ALAGs, respectively. Filtrating bleb patency was evaluated by using 0.1% trepan blue. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining for toxicity, total cellularity, and collagen organization; α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry staining performed for myofibroblast phenotype identification.


RESULTS
Clinical evaluation showed that all 6 blebs (100%) of the CG had failed, whereas there were only 2 failures (33%) in the ALAG and no failures in the MMCG on day 28. Histologic evaluation showed significantly lower inflammatory cell infiltration in the ALAGs and CGs than the MMCG. Toxicity change was more significant in the MMCG than the control and ALAGs. Collagen was better organized in the ALAG than control and MMCGs. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, ALA significantly reduced the population of cells expressing α-smooth muscle action.


CONCLUSIONS
ΑLA prevents and/or reduces fibrosis by inhibition of inflammation pathways, revascularization, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. It can be used as an agent for delaying tissue regeneration and for providing a more functional-permanent fistula.
The Neural Basis of Somatosensory Remapping Develops in Human Infancy

When we sense a touch, our brains take account of our current limb position to determine the location of that touch in external space [1, 2]. Here we show that changes in the way the brain processes somatosensory information in the first year of life underlie the origins of this ability [3]. In three experiments we recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from 6.5-, 8-, and 10-month-old infants while presenting vibrotactile stimuli to their hands across uncrossed- and crossed-hands postures. At all ages we observed SEPs over central regions contralateral to the stimulated hand. Somatosensory processing was influenced by arm posture from 8 months onward. At 8 months, posture influenced mid-latency SEP components, but by 10 months effects were observed at early components associated with feed-forward stages of somatosensory processing. Furthermore, sight of the hands was a necessary pre-requisite for somatosensory remapping at 10 months. Thus, the cortical networks [4] underlying the ability to dynamically update the location of a perceived touch across limb movements become functional during the first year of life. Up until at least 6.5 months of age, it seems that human infants' perceptions of tactile stimuli in the external environment are heavily dependent upon limb position.
Simulation of e-commerce diffusion model based on Netlogo

E-commerce is a paradigm shift and a disruptive innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. Although the benefits of E-Commerce diffusion among adopters have been published, little research focuses on the adoption and diffusion algorithm of E-Commerce application has been reported. This paper firstly reviewed the related literature of E-Commerce diffusion. And the E-commerce diffusion model and algorithm was developed. Lastly, the dynamic process of E-Commerce diffusion algorithm is simulated based on the Netlogo. The simulation result of the paper can help E-commerce adopters improve the level of E-commerce adoption.
Experimental Investigation on Outdoor Insulation for DC Transmission Line at High Altitudes

This paper presents the results of a study on the contamination characteristics of porcelain, glass and composite insulators in natural high altitude areas (1970 m). The test used the solid layer method, in which a contaminant solution consisting of sodium chloride, kaolin powder and water was used to coat the insulator surfaces. The insulators were wetted by steam fog in fog chamber. The 50% withstand voltage (U 50%) was determined by the up-and-down method. Experimental results indicate that insulator profiles have a significant effect on the flashover voltages. The flashover voltages for bell-type porcelain insulator are higher than tri-shed porcelain insulator. The glass insulator with bigger spacing has a higher flashover voltage than that with smaller spacing. The flashover characteristics of composite insulators can be greatly improved for about 20% by optimizing the shed parameters. In addition, the suspension patterns (I-, V- and Y-string) also have a significant influence on the porcelain insulator flashover voltages. The Y-string configuration appears to lead to much lower flashover voltages than I- and V-string insulators. The flashover voltages for V-string insulators are influenced by the angle between two insulator strings. The flashover voltage for V-strings of 120 ° is highest, which is higher than that of I-string for 7.5%.
Mantle Convection Modeling with Viscoelastic/Brittle Lithosphere: Numerical Methodology and Plate Tectonic Modeling

The earth’s tectonic plates are strong, viscoelastic shells which make up the outermost part of a thermally convecting, predominantly viscous layer. Brittle failure of the lithosphere occurs when stresses are high. In order to build a realistic simulation of the planet’s evolution, the complete viscoelastic/brittle convection system needs to be considered. A particle-in-cell finite element method is demonstrated which can simulate very large deformation viscoelasticity with a strain-dependent yield stress. This is applied to a plate-deformation problem. Numerical accuracy is demonstrated relative to analytic benchmarks, and the characteristics of the method are discussed.