LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effects of cutting edge geometry, workpiece hardness, feed rate and cutting speed on surface roughness and forces in finish turning of hardened AISI H13 steel

In this study, the effects of cutting edge geometry, workpiece hardness, feed rate and cutting speed on surface roughness and resultant forces in the finish hard turning of AISI H13 steel were experimentally investigated. Cubic boron nitrite inserts with two distinct edge preparations and throughhardened AISI H13 steel bars were used. Four-factor (hardness, edge geometry, feed rate and cutting speed) two-level fractional experiments were conducted and statistical analysis of variance was performed. During hard turning experiments, three components of tool forces and roughness of the machined surface were measured. This study shows that the effects of workpiece hardness, cutting edge geometry, feed rate and cutting speed on surface roughness are statistically significant. The effects of twofactor interactions of the edge geometry and the workpiece hardness, the edge geometry and the feed rate, and the cutting speed and feed rate also appeared to be important. Especially honed edge geometry and lower workpiece surface hardness resulted in better surface roughness. Cutting-edge geometry, workpiece hardness and cutting speed are found to be affecting force components. The lower workpiece surface hardness and honed edge geometry resulted in lower tangential and radial forces.
Progress in Tourism Management Progress in information technology and tourism management : 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet — The state of eTourism research

This paper reviews the published articles on eTourism in the past 20 years. Using a wide variety of sources, mainly in the tourism literature, this paper comprehensively reviews and analyses prior studies in the context of Internet applications to tourism. The paper also projects future developments in eTourism and demonstrates critical changes that will influence the tourism industry structure. A major contribution of this paper is its overview of the research and development efforts that have been endeavoured in the field, and the challenges that tourism researchers are, and will be, facing. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influencing residency choice and practice location through a longitudinal rural pipeline program.

PURPOSE
The University of Missouri School of Medicine developed the Rural Track Pipeline Program (MU-RTPP) to increase the supply and retention of rural physicians statewide. The MU-RTPP features a preadmissions program for rural students (Rural Scholars), a Summer Community Program for rising second-year students, a six-month Rural Track Clerkship (RTC) Program for third-year students, and a Rural Track Elective Program for fourth-year students. The purpose of this study is to report the specialty choices and first practice locations of Rural Scholars, RTC-only participants, and Rural Track Clerkship Plus (RTC+) participants (students who participated in the RTC Program plus an additional MU-RTPP component).


METHOD
The authors compared the residency specialty choices of 48 Rural Scholars (tracked since 2002) with those of 506 nonparticipants and the residency specialty choices of 83 RTC participants and 75 RTC+ participants (tracked since 1997) with those of 840 nonparticipants. The authors calculated the relative risk (RR) for the likelihood of participants matching into primary care compared with nonparticipants and analyzed first practice location.


RESULTS
Rural Scholars were more than twice as likely to match into family medicine (RR=2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.5-4.4). RTC and RTC+ participants entered primary care, especially family medicine, at rates significantly higher than nonparticipants. Over 57% of students who participated in the RTC program (and potentially other MU-RTPP offerings) chose a rural location for their first practice.


CONCLUSIONS
The longitudinal MU-RTPP successfully recruits students for rural and primary care practice to address the health care needs of Missouri.
Increasing The Accuracy Of An Existing Fingerprint Recognition System Using Adaptive Technique

Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data of human body, extracting a feature set from the acquired data, and comparing this set against to the template set in the database. Biometric techniques are gaining importance for personal authentication and identification as compared to the traditional authentication methods. Biometric templates are vulnerable to variety of attacks due to their inherent nature. When a person’s biometric is compromised his identity is lost. In contrast to password, biometric is not revocable. The biometric system operates as verification mode or identification mode depending on the requirement of an application. The verification mode validates a person’s identity by comparing captured biometric data with ready made template. The identification mode recognizes a person’s identity by performing matches against multiple fingerprint biometric templates. Fingerprints are widely used in daily life for more than 100 years due to its feasibility, distinctiveness, permanence, accuracy, reliability, and acceptability. Fingerprint is a pattern of ridges, furrows and minutiae, which are extracted using inked impression on a paper or sensors. A good quality fingerprint contains 25 to 80 minutiae depending on sensor resolution and finger placement on the sensor. The false minutiae are the false ridge breaks due to insufficient amount of ink and crossconnections due to over inking. It is difficult to extract reliably minutia from poor quality fingerprint impressions arising from very dry fingers and fingers mutilated by scars, scratches due to accidents, injuries. Minutia based fingerprint recognition consists of Thinning, Minutiae extraction, Minutiae matching and Computing matching score. Keywords— Ridge Enhancement, Thinning, Binarization, Histogram Equalization, Crossing Number, Minutiae Score.
Behavior-change action plans in primary care: a feasibility study of clinicians.

PURPOSE
Collaborative goal-setting--with clinician and patient together deciding on concrete behavior-change goals-may be more effective in encouraging healthy behaviors than traditional clinician-directed advice. This study explores whether it is feasible for clinicians to engage patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in collaborative goal-setting and concrete action planning during the primary care visit.


METHODS
Primary care clinicians were trained in goal-setting and action planning techniques and asked to conduct action plan discussions with study patients during medical visits. Clinicians' experiences were documented through post-visit surveys and with questionnaires and semistructured interviews at the end of the study.


RESULTS
Forty-three clinicians and 274 patients with CHD risk factors participated in the study; 83% of the patient encounters resulted in a behavior-change action plan. Goal-setting discussions lasted an average of 6.9 minutes. Clinicians rated 75% of the discussions as equally or more satisfying than previous behavior-change discussions, and identified time constraints as the most important barrier to adopting the goal-setting process.


CONCLUSIONS
Collaborative goal-setting between clinicians and patients for improved health behaviors is viewed favorably by clinicians in primary care. Time constraints could be addressed by delegating goal-setting to other caregivers.
Cardiovascular benefits of acupressure (Jin Shin) following stroke.

OBJECTIVES
Acupressure, a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment, uses fingertips, rather than needles, to stimulate acupoints on the skin and has been implicated as a successful treatment for a variety of medical disorders. However, acupressure's underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One theory is that acupoint stimulation modulates autonomic nervous system activity. Previous studies have suggested that acupressure may positively affect heart rate and blood pressure. The current study investigated the effects of a type of acupressure, Jin Shin, on cardiovascular function in stroke survivors, a population that could especially benefit from a treatment promoting cardiovascular health. The study tested the hypothesis that active acupressure treatments would reduce heart rate and blood pressure (i.e., induce a greater relaxation response) above and beyond that seen during placebo acupressure treatments.


METHODS
A randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover design was utilised, in which 16 participants received 8 weeks of either active or placebo acupressure followed by washout and crossover into the opposite treatment condition. Heart rate and blood pressure measurements were taken throughout treatments.


RESULTS
Active acupressure treatments were associated with a significantly greater (p=.043, eta(2)=.30) and faster (p=.002, eta(2)=.76) reduction in heart rate compared to that seen during placebo treatments. No treatment effect on blood pressure was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Active acupressure reduced heart rate significantly more than did placebo acupressure during treatments. Although no treatment effect on blood pressure was found, this could be due to 67% of participants taking antihypertensive medications during the study.
Histologic study of a human immature permanent premolar with chronic apical abscess after revascularization/revitalization.

INTRODUCTION
Histologic studies of teeth from animal models of revascularization/revitalization are available; however, specimens from human studies are lacking. The nature of tissues formed in the canal of human revascularized/revitalized teeth was not well established.


METHODS
An immature mandibular premolar with infected necrotic pulp and a chronic apical abscess was treated with revascularization/revitalization procedures. At both the 18-month and 2-year follow-up visits, radiographic examination showed complete resolution of the periapical lesion, narrowing of the root apex without root lengthening, and minimal thickening of the canal walls. The revascularized/revitalized tooth was removed because of orthodontic treatment and processed for histologic examination.


RESULTS
The large canal space of revascularized/revitalized tooth was not empty and filled with fibrous connective tissue. The apical closure was caused by cementum deposition without dentin. Some cementum-like tissue was formed on the canal dentin walls. Inflammatory cells were observed in the coronal and middle third of revascularized/revitalized tissue.


CONCLUSIONS
In the present case, the tissue formed in the canal of a human revascularized/revitalized tooth was soft connective tissue similar to that in the periodontal ligament and cementum-like or bone-like hard tissue, which is comparable with the histology observed in the canals of teeth from animal models of revascularization/revitalization.
Vapours of US and EU Market Leader Electronic Cigarette Brands and Liquids Are Cytotoxic for Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

The present study was conducted to provide toxicological data on e-cigarette vapours of different e-cigarette brands and liquids from systems viewed as leaders in the e-cigarette market and to compare e-cigarette vapour toxicity to the toxicity of conventional strong high-nicotine cigarette smoke. Using an adapted version of a previously constructed cigarette smoke constituent sampling device, we collected the hydrophilic fraction of e-cigarette vapour and exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to the mixture of compounds present in the vapour of 4 different single-use e-cigarettes, 6 different liquid vapours produced by the same refillable e-cigarette, and one e-cigarette with an exchangeable liquid cartridge. After incubation of cells with various concentrations and for various periods of time we analysed cell death induction, proliferation rates, the occurrence of intra-cellular reactive oxygen species, cell morphology, and we also measured e-cigarette heating coil temperatures. Overall, conventional cigarette smoke extract showed the most severe impact on endothelial cells. However, some e-cigarette vapour extracts showed high cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell proliferation, and alterations in cell morphology, which were comparable to conventional high-nicotine cigarettes. The vapours generated from different liquids using the same e-cigarette show substantial differences, pointing to the liquids as an important source for toxicity. E-cigarette vapour-mediated induction of oxidative stress was significant in one out of the 11 analysed vapours. There is a high variability in the acute cytotoxicity of e-cigarette vapours depending on the liquid and on the e-cigarettes used. Some products showed toxic effects close to a conventional high-nicotine cigarette. Liquid nicotine, menthol content, and the formation of acute intracellular reactive oxygen species do not seem to be the central elements in e-cigarette vapour toxicity.
Esophageal mucosal damage may promote dysmotility and worsen esophageal acid exposure

This study determines the relationship among esophageal dysmotility, esophageal acid exposure, and esophageal mucosal injury in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A total of 827 patients with GERD (confirmed by ambulatory pH monitoring) were divided into three groups based on the degree of mucosal injury: group A, no esophagitis, 493 patients; group B, esophagitis grades I to III, 273 patients; and group C, Barrett’s esophagus, 61 patients. As mucosal damage progressed from no esophagitis to Barrett’s esophagus, there was a significant decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure and amplitude of peristalsis in the distal esophagus, with a subsequent increase in the number of reflux episodes in 24 hours, the number of reflux episodes longer than 5 minutes, and the reflux score. These data suggest that in patients with GERD, worsening of esophageal mucosal injury may determine progressive deterioration of esophageal motor function with impairment of acid clearance and increase of esophageal acid exposure. These findings suggest that Barrett’s esophagus is an end-stage form of gastroesophageal reflux, and that if surgical therapy is performed early in the course of the disease, this cascade of events might be blocked.
1 Using OWL and SWRL to Represent and Reason with Situation-based Access Control Policies

Access control is a central problem in confidential ity management, in particular in the healthcare dom ain, where many stakeholders require access to patients' health records. Situation-Based Access Control (SitBAC) is a conceptual model that allows for modeling hea lt c re scenarios of data-access requests; thus it can be used to formulate data-access polici es, where health organizations can specify their regulations involving access to patients’ data acco rding to the context of the request. The model's ce ntral concept is the Situation, a formal representation of a patient's data-acces s scenario. In this paper, we present the SitBAC Knowledge Framework, a formal healthcare-oriented, contextbased access-control framework that makes it possible to represent and implement SitBAC as a knowledge model along with an associated inference method, using OWL and SWRL. Within the SitBAC knowledge framework, scenarios of data access are r epresented as formal Web Ontology language (OWL)-based Situation classes, formulating data-acc ess rule classes. A set of data-access rule classes makes up the organization's data-access policy. An incoming data-access request, represented as an individual of an OWL-based Situation class, is eval uated by the inference method against the data-acce ss policy to produce an ‘approved/denied’ response. Th e method uses a Description Logics (DL)-reasoner and a Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) engine during the inference process. The DL reasoner is used for knowledge classification and for real-time realization of the incoming data-access request as a member of an existing Situation class to infer the appropriate response. The SWRL engine is used to in fer new knowledge regarding the incoming data-access re quests, which are required for the realization process. We evaluated the ability of the SitBAC knowledge fr amework to provide correct responses by representing and reasoning with real-life healthcar e scenarios.
Customized Internet news services based on customer profiles

The widespread adoption of the Internet and information technologies has changed the nature of many industries through easy collection, analysis, and sharing of information. This transformation of information processing makes rapid response and product customization become the major concerns in marketing and strategic planning. This is particularly significant in the industries that offer digital contents to their clients, such as consulting and news services. Due to the digital nature of their products, fully customized services over the Internet is possible. To customize services, however, a company needs to well understand its customers and consequently provide tailored product/services based on their preference.In this paper, a news recommendation system that allows a news service provider to analyze its customer profile and then produce customized news services is developed. The method determines customer interests from the structure of the news read by a client and the reading time. Once customer profile is constructed, personal news services can be provided by the system. An empirical study using actual news provided by the China Times shows that the recommendation system outperforms the traditional headline news compiled by the news editor in both objective performance indices and customer satisfaction. In addition to news services, this approach can be generalized to other industries and services whose products can be digitized, such as consulting and knowledge management.
Validation of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire for use with medical students.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the present study was to validate the use of the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire with medical students.


METHODS
A sample of 274 medical students in their fourth and fifth years of study (80% response rate) completed the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. The four-domain factor structure of the questionnaire was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. A variety of other tests of reliability and validity were conducted.


RESULTS
Goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable, and the factor structure of the WHOQOL-BREF was confirmed in this sample. Reliability was good, but three of the items showed strong ceiling effects.


CONCLUSION
The WHOQOL-BREF is valid to use with medical students to assess health-related quality of life. Some items, such as those inquiring about pain and medication, may not be suitable for medical students or young people in general.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Lamivudine for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

Objective: To estimate the short term and long term cost effectiveness, from a healthcare perspective, associatedwith the introduction of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Design:The analysis used a 2-step modelling approach. A decision tree was used to estimate clinical outcomes and costs after 1 year. The 1-year results were then extrapolated to 70 years using a Markov model. Patients: The study population comprised hypothetical cohorts of patients with chronic hepatitis B, representative of those likely to receive treatment in clinical practice in Australia. Main outcome measures and results: In the short term, more patients seroconvertedwhen lamivudinewas available, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 3341 Australian dollars ($A) per additional seroconversion. In the long term, the introduction of lamivudine increased life expectancy by 3.9 years [3.2 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)] compared with when interferon-α was the only treatment, or 4.6 years (3.8 QALYs) comparedwith no treatment. There were reductions in lifetime risk of developing compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma of 5, 11 and 11%, respectively, when lamivudine was available. The incremental cost of having lamivudine available, as opposed to interferon-α only, was $A633 per year of life saved or $A735 per QALY. Conclusion: The introduction of lamivudine is expected to reduce and delay the progression of chronic hepatitis B, increasing the life expectancy and quality of life of patients for a small overall increase in healthcare costs.
A global emerging disease of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: is serotype K1 an important factor for complicated endophthalmitis?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Over the past two decades in Taiwan, pyogenic liver abscess has usually been caused by a single microorganism, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and is frequently associated with the serious complication of endophthalmitis, especially in diabetic patients. However, the relationship between the clinical presentation and bacterial factors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of patients and the serotype and ribotype of K pneumoniae liver abscess.


METHODS
From July 1991 to June 1998, a total of 134 cases of K pneumoniae liver abscess with 248 K pneumoniae isolates from the same patients were collected from two large medical centres in northern Taiwan. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Serotyping and ribotyping were performed using the countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis method and automated Riboprinter.


RESULTS
Serotyping revealed that the most common serotypes were K1 (63.4%) and K2 (14.2%). K1 isolates occurred at a significantly higher frequency (p<0.01) than all other serotypes. Among 134 patients, 105 (78.4%) had suffered from diabetes mellitus for 3-15 years. Fourteen patients (10.4%) had metastatic infection to the eye causing septic endophthalmitis. Liver aspirates, and blood and vitreous pus cultures yielded the same serotype of K pneumoniae in all patients. Among patients with septic endophthalmitis, 92.3% (13/14) were diabetic, and 85.7% (12/14) of the isolates belonged to serotype K1. For molecular typing, different degrees of genetic polymorphism among isolates with the same K1 serotype suggested no particular prevalence of any one strain in K pneumoniae liver abscess.


CONCLUSION
K pneumoniae serotype K1 was significantly associated with liver abscess and the complication of endophthalmitis, especially in diabetic patients. Physicians should request an immediate report of serotyping and susceptibility test results simultaneously if a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess has been made so that early and appropriate management for possible complications will not be delayed. The use of ceftriaxone because of its higher concentration in the aqueous humor is suggested to decrease the chance of septic endophthalmitis.
Photosensitization in biopolymers.

— The energetics of photodynamic action is discussed in terms of oxidation potentials of sensitizing dye intermediates. The results are compared with rate constants and quantum yields for photodynamic oxidation of iodide ion, aromatic amino acids, and lysozyme in the presence of eosin Y. The role of dye binding is discussed for the eosin-human serum albumin complex.
Architectural Options for Cloud Migration

Identifying and examining potential cloud migration constraints and adopting a suitable architectural solution are important steps to facilitate successful application migration to the cloud.
Polarization observables in the reaction pn↦dφ

Abstract:The reaction pn↦dφ is studied within a covariant boson exchange model. The behavior of polarization observables being accessible in forthcoming experiments near threshold is predicted.