LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN
This study is a retrospective review of the initial enrollment data from a prospective multicentered study of adult spinal deformity.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to correlate radiographic measures of deformity with patient-based outcome measures in adult scoliosis.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Prior studies of adult scoliosis have attempted to correlate radiographic appearance and clinical symptoms, but it has proven difficult to predict health status based on radiographic measures of deformity alone. The ability to correlate radiographic measures of deformity with symptoms would be useful for decision-making and surgical planning.


METHODS
The study correlates radiographic measures of deformity with scores on the Short Form-12, Scoliosis Research Society-29, and Oswestry profiles. Radiographic evaluation was performed according to an established positioning protocol for anteroposterior and lateral 36-inch standing radiographs. Radiographic parameters studied were curve type, curve location, curve magnitude, coronal balance, sagittal balance, apical rotation, and rotatory subluxation.


RESULTS
The 298 patients studied include 172 with no prior surgery and 126 who had undergone prior spine fusion. Positive sagittal balance was the most reliable predictor of clinical symptoms in both patient groups. Thoracolumbar and lumbar curves generated less favorable scores than thoracic curves in both patient groups. Significant coronal imbalance of greater than 4 cm was associated with deterioration in pain and function scores for unoperated patients but not in patients with previous surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that restoration of a more normal sagittal balance is the critical goal for any reconstructive spine surgery. The study suggests that magnitude of coronal deformity and extent of coronal correction are less critical parameters.
Bacterial Biosynthesis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) as Endophytic Preferential Selection Traits by Rice Plant Seedlings

In this study, bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and inside the roots and nodules of berseem clover plants grown in the field in Iran. Two hundred isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere (120 isolates), interior roots (57 isolates), and nodules (23 isolates) of clover plants grown in rotation with rice plants. Production of chitinase, pectinase, cellulase, siderophore, salicylic acid, hydrogen cyanide, indole acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, solubilization of phosphate, antifungal activity against various rice plant pathogen fungi, N2 fixation, and colonization assay on rice seedlings by these strains was evaluated and compared (endophytic isolates vs. rhizosphere bacteria). The results showed both the number and the ability of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits were different between endophytic and rhizosphere isolates. A higher percentage of endophytic isolates were positive for production of IAA, ACC deaminase, and siderophore than rhizosphere isolates. Therefore, it is suggested that clover plant may shape its own associated microbial community and act as filters for endophyte communities, and rhizosphere isolates with different (PGP) traits. We also studied the PGP effect of the most promising endophytic and rhizosphere isolates on rice seedlings. A significant relationship among IAA and ACC deaminase production, the size of root colonization, and plant growth (root elongation) in comparison with siderophore production and phosphate solubilization for the isolates was observed. The best bacterial isolates (one endophytic isolate and one rhizosphere isolate), based on their ability to promote rice growth and colonize rice roots, were identified. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the endophytic isolate CEN7 and the rhizosphere isolate CEN8 were closely related to Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. It seems that PGP trait production (such as IAA, ACC deaminase) may be required for endophytic and rhizosphere competence as compared to other PGP traits in rice seedlings under constant flooded conditions. The study also shows that the presence of diverse rhizobacteria with effective growth-promoting traits associated with clover plants may be used for sustainable crop management under field conditions.
Sexually responsive vascular tissue of the vulva.

OBJECTIVE
To better understand the genital changes that occur during the female sexual response, using a gross anatomical and histological study of the vascular tissue of the vulva, supplemented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seven cadaveric vulvectomy specimens were used; they were serially sectioned in coronal, sagittal, and axial planes, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Selected blocks were stained with elastic Masson's trichrome. Axial MR images were taken of two healthy women with intact sexual functioning using a gadolinium-based blood-pool contrast agent. A 1.5 T system was used for all MRI studies, with images taken at baseline and during sexual arousal while viewing an erotic videotape.


RESULTS
There are five vascular compartments of the female external genitalia, found in the clitoris, clitoral bulbs, labia minora, urethra, and vestibule/vagina. Of these five compartments, two distinct types of vascular tissue were identified, i.e. erectile and non-erectile/specialized genital. The erectile tissue compartments had the greatest change in blood volume during sexual arousal, as assessed by MRI.


CONCLUSIONS
The vulva contains a substantial amount of vascular tissue. These specialized tissues show a variable, but unified response to sexual arousal.
Rapid early growth is associated with increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in various European populations.

OBJECTIVE
To confirm that early growth is associated with type 1 diabetes risk in European children and elucidate any role of infant feeding.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Five centers participated, each with a population-based register of type 1 diabetes diagnosed at <15 years of age. Control subjects were randomly chosen from population registers, schools, or polyclinics. Growth data were obtained from routine records and infant feeding information from parental questionnaire or interview. Patient/control subject differences in mean standard deviation score (SDS) were obtained for each center and pooled. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled by the Mantel-Haenszel method, and logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.


RESULTS
Growth data were available for 499 patients and 1,337 control subjects. Height and weight SDS were significantly increased among patients from 1 month after birth, the maximum differences of 0.32 (95% CI 0.14-0.50) and 0.41 (0.26-0.55), respectively, occurring between 1 and 2 years of age. Significant excesses in BMI SDS were observed from 6 months of age, with the largest difference of 0.27 (0.10, 0.44) evident between 1 and 2 years. Breast-feeding was associated with reduced disease risk, OR 0.75 (0.58-0.96). Introduction of cow's milk, formula, or solid foods before 3 months was not associated with significant risk elevation.


CONCLUSION
Increased early growth is associated with disease risk in various European populations. Any role of infant feeding in this association remains unclear.
Nested autonomy for unmanned marine vehicles with MOOS-IvP

Michael R. Benjamin Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island 02841, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 e-mail: michael.r.benjamin@navy.mil Henrik Schmidt Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Autonomous Marine Sensing Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 e-mail: henrik@mit.edu Paul M. Newman Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom e-mail: pnewman@robots.ox.ac.uk John J. Leonard Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 e-mail: jleonard@mit.edu
Effect of w3 fatty acid on plasma lipids, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content in NIDDM patients

This study was conducted to examine the effect of ω3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma lipid, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content of non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals consuming a higher (0.65, n = 10) or lower (0.44, n = 18) ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S). The participants were initially given an olive oil supplement (placebo) equivalent to 35 mg of 18:1 · kg body weight–1· day–1 for 3 months. This was followed by two ω3 supplement periods in a randomized crossover. In these 3-month periods, participants were given a linseed oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 18:3ω3 · kg body weight–1· day–1 or a fish oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 20:5ω3 + 22:6ω3 · kg body weight–1· day–1. At the end of each supplement period, a blood sample was drawn from each participant for lipid, lipoprotein, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide analyses. At the end of each 3-month period a 7-day dietary record was completed to calculate dietary fat intake and P/S ratio. Results indicate that fish oil significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol level (p < 0.05) and increased 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 content of all lipoprotein lipid classes. Linolenic acid supplementation had no effect on plasma triacylglycerol level, but it increased 18:3ω3 content of lipoprotein cholesterol ester fractions (p < 0.05). A slight increase in 20:5ω3, but not 22:6ω3, content was noted in lipoprotein lipid classes as a result of 18:3ω3 supplementation. LDL and HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide levels were not affected by either ω3 supplement. It is concluded that a modest intake of ω3 fatty acids, such as could be obtained from consuming fish regularly, will reduce plasma triglyceride level without affecting LDL or HDL cholesterol levels. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 45–52]
Experiences and lessons learned from a first SDTM submission project

This paper presents the experiences and the lessons learned from an SDTM conversion project. Within the scope of this project were (1) the late-stage conversion of datasets in internal standard to SDTM, (2) the creation of Trial Design datasets, (3) the development of macros to create define.xml and define.pdf, (4) the actual creation of these data definition files, and (5) the creation of SDTM annotated CRFs. Topics covered are the project strategy and our approach to the development of define.xml and define.pdf. We will present details of the conversion process and give examples of challenging domain implementations. Moreover, we will discuss the results of WebSDM checks performed as part a sample submission. Finally, the activity metrics of the project are presented. INTRODUCTION After a period of piloting and tool development, a planned NDA submission with relatively few, recent studies offered an excellent opportunity to target for our first SDTM submission. Providing SDTM datasets implicated a full conversion process since our CDMS and reporting/analysis data are entirely based on internal, non-CDISC standards. For this submission we used reporting datasets as source data for SDTM (fig. 1). Thus, we adopted a ‘retrospective development’ strategy as described by Kenny & Litzsinger (2005). Main argument for choosing this strategy was that we wished to remain in sync with the reporting datasets and be able to reuse any derived variables needed for SDTM. Being the basis for all reporting and analyses related to our data the reporting datasets formed the main submission component. Supply of ADaM datasets was considered out-of-scope. CDMS: Clinical Data Management System CRF: (annotated) Case Report Form eCDT: electronic Common Technical Document ISS: Integrated Summary of Safety ISE: Integrated Summary of Efficacy TFL: Tables, Figures and Listings XPT: SAS transport files Figure 1: SDTM in the submission data flow from CDMS to eCTD Piloting prior to this project gave us a good level of experience with SDTM conversion. Moreover, it provided a valuable toolset and work environment, consisting of: • Structured sample programs (Base/SAS) for the conversion of 13 standard domains; • A macro library supporting various routine steps, e.g. creation of ISO8601 date/time variables, addition of MedDRA terms, creation of SUPPQUAL datasets, checking of SDTM metadata and structure compliance; • An extensible SDTM metadata repository, including CDISC controlled terminology and zero-observation datasets for all standard domains; • A template mapping sheet. CDMS extract Reporting datasets XPTs, CRFs, define.xml, define.pdf eCTD XPTs, CRFs define.xml, define.pdf SDTM datasets Analyses, TFLs Study reports, ISS, ISE Tabulation data
Applications GeoGebra into teaching some topics of mathematics at the college level

This paper presents new trends in technology and learning through Geogebra, which could be especially important for the future development of e-learning for College mathematics. Also, contribution of this paper is presentation of methodological frames on several specifics examples for teaching mathematics at the college level on interactive and creative way. Discussed in this paper are the findings of a didactic experiment where some number of undergraduate students were exposed to an innovative (to the departments) method of teaching and learning a part of calculus supported by GeoGebra. Statistical analysis confirmed the fact that the use of the applets created with the help of GeoGebra and used in differential calculus teaching had a positive effect on the understanding and knowledge of the students.
A framework for post-event timeline reconstruction using neural networks

Post-event timeline reconstruction plays a critical role in forensic investigation and serves as a means of identifying evidence of the digital crime. We present an artificial neural networks based approach for post-event timeline reconstruction using the file system activities. A variety of digital forensic tools have been developed during the past two decades to assist computer forensic investigators undertaking digital timeline analysis, but most of the tools cannot handle large volumes of data efficiently. This paper looks at the effectiveness of employing neural network methodology for computer forensic analysis by preparing a timeline of relevant events occurring on a computing machine by tracing the previous file system activities. Our approach consists of monitoring the file system manipulations, capturing file system snapshots at discrete intervals of time to characterise the use of different software applications, and then using this captured data to train a neural network to recognise execution patterns of the application programs. The trained version of the network may then be used to generate a post-event timeline of a seized hard disk to verify the execution of different applications at different time intervals to assist in the identification of available evidence. a 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. 93 94 R 95 96 R 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 U N C O
Survey of Bandwidth Estimation Techniques in Communication Networks

Increased popularity and wealth-creation potential of conventional mobile phones, smart phones and tablet computers resulted in the unprecedented penetration of wired and wireless communications. Most of such real-time applications require video streaming that needs quality of service (QoS) provisioning in addition to good end-to-end transport performance in network infrastructure. Estimating the reliability of an end-to-end network path is critically important for such applications. Available bandwidth at a node is an important QoS characteristic of the path that is a minimum spare capacity of links constituting a network path. Researchers have proposed various techniques for estimating the bandwidth to increase the network throughput. In the past, bandwidth estimation (BE) techniques developed for wired networks are focused on point-to point dedicated links that are not directly usable in wireless networks. The reason is that these techniques are based on models which are no longer valid in wireless environment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the BE techniques proposed till date by researchers in the literature for both wired and wireless networks. We have categorized the BE techniques into four main categories as active probing techniques, passive techniques, techniques only for wireless networks and other BE techniques. A brief outline of each technique is discussed which includes the problem statement, operation methodology, results and applications. Techniques in each category have been compared using various parameters such as accuracy, BE time and overhead.
Complete coverage path planning and guidance for cleaning robots

{ This paper describes a complete coverage path planning and guidance methodology for a mobile robot, having the automatic oor cleaning of large industrial areas as a target application. The proposed algorithms rely on the a priori knowledge of a 2D map of the environment and cope with unexpected obstacles not represented on the map. A template based approach is used to control the path execution, thus incorporating, in a natural way, the kinematic and the geometric model of the mobile robot on the path planning procedure. The novelty of the proposed approach is the capability of the path planner to deal with a priori mapped or unexpected obstacles in the middle of the working space. If unmapped obstacles permanently block the planned trajectory, the path tracking control avoids these obstacles. The paper presents experimental results with a LABMATE mobile robot, connrming the feasibility of the total coverage path and the robustness of the path tracking behaviour based control.
Comparison of Dabigatran and Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease: The RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy).

BACKGROUND
The RE-LY trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy) compared dabigatran 150 and 110 mg twice daily with warfarin in 18 113 patients with atrial fibrillation. Those with prosthetic heart valves, significant mitral stenosis, and valvular heart disease (VHD) requiring intervention were excluded. Others with VHD were included.


METHODS
This is a post hoc analysis of the RE-LY trial.


RESULTS
There were 3950 patients with any VHD: 3101 had mitral regurgitation, 1179 with tricuspid regurgitation, 817 had aortic regurgitation, 471 with aortic stenosis, and 193 with mild mitral stenosis. At baseline, patients with any VHD had more heart failure, coronary disease, renal impairment, and persistent atrial fibrillation. Patients with any VHD had higher rates of major bleeds (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.5) but similar stroke or systemic embolism event rates (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.33). For patients receiving dabigatran 110 mg, major bleed rates were lower than for patients taking warfarin (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95 with VHD; HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-0.99 without VHD), and major bleed rates for dabigatran 150 mg were similar to those for warfarin in patients with VHD (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.64-1.06) or without VHD (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.83-1.15). For dabigatran 150 mg, stroke/systemic embolic event rates were lower compared with warfarin in those with VHD (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.93) and those without VHD (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.86), and stroke/systemic embolic event rates were similar for warfarin and dabigatran 110 mg regardless of the presence of VHD (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.65-1.45; and HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.10). Intracranial bleeds and death rates for dabigatran 150 and 110 mg were lower compared with warfarin independently of the presence of VHD.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of any VHD did not influence the comparison of dabigatran with warfarin.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00262600.
The second academic revolution and the rise of entrepreneurial science

Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities are reshaping the academic landscape by transforming knowledge into intellectual property. Faculty members and graduate students are learning to assess the commercial as well as the intellectual potential of their research. During the past two decades a broad range of universities, well beyond the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Stanford University, and a few other schools with traditional ties to industry, have undertaken to mine their research resources for profit. As their interest in making money from their research resources grows, universities compete in a new arena. When Columbia University announced a patent covering both U.S. and international rights to cotransformation (a genetic engineering technique invented by faculty member © ill us tr at io n W or ks
Thermophysical properties of heat-insulating materials

The paper concerns a study of the thermophysical properties and electron-microscopic data for mullite-silica and carbon fibers operating in vacuum and in air at various heating rates.
THE IMPACT OFWHATSAPP MOBILE SOCIAL LEARNING ON THE ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES OF FEMALE STUDENTS COMPARED WITH FACE TO FACE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM

The use of mobile learning activities in learning and teaching online course is an innovative educational technology in higher education. The study seeks to explore the impact of using WhatsApp mobile learning activities on the achievement and attitudes of online students using mobile devices at the university. Researcher conducted an experiment in the 2014 academic year. Specifically, this study compares an independent sample of students in an experimental group (15 students) with a control group (15 students) from a university class. The e-learning process of the experimental group is based on WhatsApp mobile learning activities. The e-learning process of the control group is without WhatsApp mobile learning activities and receives only face-to-face learning in the classroom. A learning unit of the same course educational media is experimented with the experimental and control group. The t-test was used to compare the differences between the experimental and control groups. The results of the experimentation show that there are real differences, at 0.05 alpha level, in the achievements and attitudes of the experimental group compared with the control group.