LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Seventy-two hours of mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest is associated with a lowered inflammatory response during rewarming in a prospective observational study

INTRODUCTION
Whole-body ischemia and reperfusion trigger a systemic inflammatory response. In this study, we analyzed the effect of temperature on the inflammatory response in patients treated with prolonged mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest.


METHODS
Ten comatose patients with return of spontaneous circulation after pulseless electrical activity/asystole or prolonged ventricular fibrillation were treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia for 72 hours after admission to a tertiary care university hospital. At admission and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 114 hours, the patients' temperature was measured and blood samples were taken from the arterial catheter. Proinflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and chemokines (IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and complement activation products (C1r-C1s-C1inhibitor, C4bc, C3bPBb, C3bc and terminal complement complex) were measured. Changes over time were analyzed with the repeated measures test for nonparametric data. Dunn's multiple comparisons test was used for comparison of individual time points.


RESULTS
The median temperature at the start of the study was 34.3°C (33.4°C to 35.2°C) and was maintained between 32°C and 34°C for 72 hours. All patients were passively rewarmed after 72 hours, from (median (IQR)) 33.7°C (33.1°C to 33.9°C) at 72 hours to 38.0°C (37.5°C to 38.1°C) at 114 hours (P <0.001). In general, the cytokines and chemokines remained stable during hypothermia and decreased during rewarming, whereas complement activation was suppressed during the whole hypothermia period and increased modestly during rewarming.


CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged hypothermia may blunt the inflammatory response after rewarming in patients after cardiac arrest. Complement activation was low during the whole hypothermia period, indicating that complement activation is also highly temperature-sensitive in vivo. Because inflammation is a strong mediator of secondary brain injury, a blunted proinflammatory response after rewarming may be beneficial.
Does theatre improve the quality of life of people with dementia?

BACKGROUND
A new communication method, the "Veder method", has recently been developed. Caregivers are trained to apply this method in a group activity ("living-room theatre activity") for people with dementia in which theatrical stimuli are used in combination with proven emotion-oriented care methods. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the added value of the Veder method group activity compared to a regular reminiscence group activity and to investigate whether professional carers can achieve the same effects with the Veder method as professional actors.


METHODS
A quasi-experimental three-group design was used. Experimental group 1 (E1; n = 65) joined a living-room theatre activity offered by trained professional caregivers. Experimental group 2 (E2; n = 31) joined a living-room theatre activity offered by professional actors. The control group (n = 55) received a usual reminiscence group activity. Behavior, mood and aspects of quality of life were measured using standardized observation scales at three points in time: (T1) pretest; (T2) during the intervention and; (T3) post-test, two hours after the intervention.


RESULTS
During the intervention, significant differences were found in favor of the group that was offered a living-room theatre activity by actors (E2) on different aspects of behavior, mood and quality of life. At post-test, people in E2 were more alert compared to the control group. Moreover, they recalled more memories and showed less socially isolated behavior compared to the control group.


CONCLUSION
This exploratory study shows that the Veder method has some clear positive effects on behavior and mood of people with dementia when applied by professional actors.
Modification of the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient-reported outcome measures.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
To compare three existing endoscopic scoring systems and a newly proposed modified scoring system for the assessment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).


STUDY DESIGN
Blinded, prospective cohort study.


METHODS
CRS patients completed two patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)-the visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom score and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22)-and then underwent a standardized, recorded sinonasal endoscopy. Videos were scored by three blinded rhinologists using three scoring systems: the Lund-Kennedy (LK) endoscopic score; the Discharge, Inflammation, Polyp (DIP) score; and the Perioperative Sinonasal Endoscopic score. The videos were further scored using a modified Lund-Kennedy (MLK) endoscopic scoring system, which retains the LK subscores of polyps, edema, and discharge but eliminates the scoring of scarring and crusting. The systems were compared for test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as for their correlation with PROMs.


RESULTS
One hundred two CRS patients were enrolled. The MLK system showed the highest inter-rater and test-retest reliability of all scoring systems. All systems except for the DIP correlated with total VAS scores. The MLK was the only system that correlated with the symptom subscore of the SNOT-22 in both unoperated and postoperative patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Modification of the LK system by excluding the subscores of scarring and crusting improves its reliability and its correlation with PROMs. In addition, the MLK system retains the familiarity of the widely used LK system and is applicable to any patient irrespective of surgical status. The MLK system may be a more suitable and reliable endoscopic scoring system for clinical practice and outcomes research.
An effective discretization method for disposing high-dimensional data

Feature discretization is an extremely important preprocessing task used for classification in data mining and machine learning as many classification methods require that each dimension of the training dataset contains only discrete values. Most of discretization methods mainly concentrate on discretizing low-dimensional data. In this paper, we focus on discretizing high-dimensional data that frequently present the nonlinear structures. Firstly, we present a novel supervised dimension reduction algorithm to map high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space, which ensures to keep intrinsic correlation structure of the original data. This algorithm overcomes the deficiency that the geometric topology of the data is easily distorted when mapping data that present an uneven distribution in high-dimensional space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to solve high-dimensional nonlinear data discretization with a dimension reduction technique. Secondly, we propose a supervised area-based chi-square discretization algorithm to effectively discretize each continuous dimension in the low-dimensional space. This algorithm overcomes the deficiency that existing methods do not consider the possibility of being merged for each interval pair from the view of probability. Finally, we conduct the experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that our method achieves higher classification accuracy and yields a more concise knowledge of the data especially for high-dimensional datasets than existing discretization methods. In addition, our discretization method has also been successfully applied to computer vision and image classification. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The square-root unscented Kalman filter for state and parameter-estimation

Over the last 20-30years,the extendedKalmanfilter (EKF) has becomethealgorithmof choicein numerousnonlinearestimation andmachinelearningapplications.Theseincludeestimatingthe stateof a nonlineardynamicsystemaswell estimatingparameters for nonlinearsystemidentification(e.g., learningthe weightsof a neuralnetwork). The EKF appliesthe standardlinear Kalman filter methodologyto a linearizationof the truenonlinearsystem. This approachis sub-optimal,andcaneasily leadto divergence. Julier et al. [1] proposedthe unscentedKalman filter (UKF) as a derivative-freealternati ve to the extendedKalman filter in the framework of state-estimation.This wasextendedto parameter estimationby Wan andvan der Merwe [2, 3]. The UKF consistently outperformstheEKF in termsof predictionandestimation error, at an equalcomputationalcomplexity of 1 for generalstate-spaceproblems.WhentheEKF is appliedto parameter estimation,the specialform of the state-space quationsallows for an implementation.This paperintroducesthesquareroot unscentedKalmanfilter (SR-UKF)which is also for generalstate-estimationand for parameter estimation(note theoriginal formulationof theUKF for parameter -estimationwas ). In addition,thesquare-root formshave theaddedbenefit of numericalstabilityandguaranteedpositivesemi-definiteness of thestatecovariances.
The Monkeytyping Solution to the YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge

This article describes the final solution 1 of team monkeytyping, who finished in second place in the YouTube-8M video understanding challenge. The dataset used in this challenge is a large-scale benchmark for multi-label video classification. We extend the work in [1] and propose several improvements for frame sequence modeling. We propose a network structure called Chaining that can better capture the interactions between labels. Also, we report our approaches in dealing with multi-scale information and attention pooling. In addition, We find that using the output of model ensemble as a side target in training can boost single model performance. We report our experiments in bagging, boosting, cascade, and stacking, and propose a stacking algorithm called attention weighted stacking. Our final submission is an ensemble that consists of 74 sub models, all of which are listed in the appendix.
Prevalence, cause and diagnosis of lactose intolerance in children aged 1-5 years: a systematic review of 1995-2015 literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To assess the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis of primary and secondary lactose intolerance (LI), including age of onset, among children 1-5 years of age. Suspected/perceived lactose intolerance can lead to dietary restrictions which may increase risk of future health issues.


METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
MEDLINE, CAB Abstract, and Embase were searched for articles published from January 1995-June 2015 related to lactose intolerance in young children. Authors independently screened titles/abstracts, full text articles, for eligibility against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed quality of the included studies.


RESULTS
The search identified 579 articles; 20 studies, the majority of which were crosssectional, were included in the qualitative synthesis. Few studies reported prevalence of primary LI in children aged 1-5 years; those that did reported a range between 0-17.9%. Prevalence of secondary LI was 0-19%. Hydrogen breath test was the most common method used to diagnose LI. None of the included studies reported age of onset of primary LI.


CONCLUSIONS
There is limited recent evidence on the prevalence of LI in this age group. The low number of studies and wide range of methodologies used to diagnose LI means that comparison and interpretation, particularly of geographical trends, is compromised. Current understanding appears to rely on data generated in the 1960/70s, with varied qualities of evidence. New, high quality studies are necessary to understand the true prevalence of LI. This review is registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).
Introducing navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation as a refined brain mapping methodology

A major intrinsic limitation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to map the human brain lies in the unclear relationship between the position of the stimulating coil on the scalp and the underlying stimulated cortex. The relationship between structure and function as the major feature constituting a brain mapping modality can therefore not be established. Recent advances in image processing allowed us to refine TMS by combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities with TMS using a neuronavigation system to measure the position of the stimulating coil and map this position onto a MRI data set. This technique has several advantages over recent TMS mapping strategies. The position of the coil on the scalp can be held constant as verified by real time visual guidance. When evaluating higher cortical functions, the relationship between underlying cortical anatomy and the scalp stimulation site can be accurately assessed. Cortical motor output maps can be easily obtained for preoperative planning and decision making for mass lesions near rolandic cortex in patients. In conclusion, navigated TMS is a reliable alternative for localizing cortical functions and therefore may be a useful adjunct or in selected patients even a helpful alternative to other functional neuroimaging methods.
Diallel analysis of oil content and some agronomic traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) based on the additive-dominance genetic model

Development of high oil content varieties is one of the most important aims of current rapeseed breeding programs. A set of 36 diallel F1 hybrids, their parents and four additional cultivars were evaluated in the breeding nurseries during 2008 and 2009. Plant height (PH), number of lateral branches per pod (NBP), main stem length, number of grains per pod, days to start of flowering (DSF), 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index (HI), and oil content (OC) were measured. Diallel analysis was carried out considering the additivedominance genetic model to estimate variance and covariance components. The additive genetic variance component was significant for NBP and DSF, the dominanace genetic variance for PH and the additive by year interaction for PH and OC. GW However, dominance by year interaction was significant for all characters under investigation and played a major role in the inheritance of these traits. This implies that the utilization of heterosis could be effective for the genetic improvement of oil content and agronomic traits in rapeseed in specific environments. Positive dominance effects of oil content were seen in Okapi × Orient and SLM046 × Opera crosses followed by SLM046 × Colvert and Fornax × Okapi combinations. Fornax, Talaye and Modena proved good general combiners and could be used for the improvement of oil content and agronomic characters. NBP, NGP and HI had significant effects on the oil content. These characters should be given more attention as the main traits of selection for the purpose of improving oil content in rapeseed.
The Education Reform of Surveying Practice of Civil Engineering Major in Application-Oriented University

Surveying Practice is a practical teaching that matches with the engineering surveying theory of the civil engineering major. This paper from the training objectives of the application-oriented talents and the characteristics of engineering survey course, discusses the need for education reform in surveying practice for the civil engineering major in application-oriented universities, and made some approaches to reform.
Safe Streets , Livable Streets

Beyond simply acting as thoroughfares for motor vehicles, urban streets often double as public spaces. Urban streets are places where people walk, shop, meet, and generally engage in the diverse array of social and recreational activities that, for many, are what makes urban living enjoyable. And beyond even these quality-of-life benefits, pedestrian-friendly urban streets have been increasingly linked to a host of highly desirable social outcomes, including economic growth and innovation (Florida, ), improvements in air quality (Frank et al., ), and increased physical fitness and health (Frank et al., ), to name only a few. For these reasons, many groups and individuals encourage the design of “livable” streets, or streets that seek to better integrate the needs of pedestrians and local developmental objectives into a roadway’s design. There has been a great deal of work describing the characteristics of livable streets (see Duany et al., ; Ewing, ; Jacobs, ), and there is general consensus on their characteristics: livable streets, at a minimum, seek to enhance the pedestrian character of the street by providing a continuous sidewalk network and incorporating design features that minimize the negative impacts of motor vehicle use on pedestrians. Of particular importance is the role played by roadside features such as street trees and on-street parking, which serve to buffer the pedestrian realm from potentially hazardous oncoming traffic, and to provide spatial definition to the public right-of-way. Indeed, many livability advocates assert that trees, as much as any other single feature, can play a central role in enhancing a roadway’s livability (Duany et al., ; Jacobs, ). While most would agree that the inclusion of trees and other streetscape features enhances the aesthetic quality of a roadway, there is substantive disagreement about their safety effects (see Figure ). Conventional engineering practice encourages the design of roadsides that will allow a vehicle leaving the travelway to safely recover before encountering a potentially hazardous fixed object. When one considers the aggregate statistics on run-off-roadway crashes, there is indeed 
Deciding and Axiomatizing ST Bisimulation for a Process Algebra with Recursion and Action Refinement

Abstract Due to the complex nature of bisimulation equivalences which express some form of history dependence, it turned out to be problematic to axiomatize them for non trivial classes of systems. Here we introduce the idea of “compositional level-wise renaming” which gives rise to the new possibility of axiomatizing the class of history dependent bisimulations with slight modifications to the machinery for standard bisimulation. We propose two techniques, which are based on this idea, in the special case of the ST semantics, defined for terms of a process algebra with recursion. The first technique, which is more intuitive, is based on dynamic names, allowing weak ST bisimulation to be decided and axiomatized for all processes that possess a finite state interleaving semantics. The second technique, which is based on pointers, preserves the possibility of deciding and axiomatizing weak ST bisimulation also when an action refinement operator P [ a Q ] is considered.
Forecasting Accidental Marine Pollution Drift:The French Operational Plan

In case of accidental marine pollution, Cedre and Meteo-France, within the framework of their own public service missions, provide assistance to the French authorities in charge of pollution response. Meteo-France has developed a numerical marine oil pollution transport model, named MOTHY, designed to simulate the transport of oil in three dimensions. A hydrodynamic ocean model is linked to an oil spill model including current shear, vertical movements and fate of the oil. The use of a global atmospheric model for atmospheric forcing enables world-wide application of the model. This oil spill response system has been operational since February 1994. In case of marine pollution, MeteoFrance send meteorological forecasts and oil spill drift forecasts to Cedre. In return, by its experimentations and interventions on actual pollution, Cedre is contributing to the improvement and validation of the model. New developments, exercises and training are conducted jointly. This paper summarizes the key features of MOTHY and presents some examples of model applications. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 20, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541
Key advances in the clinical approach to ANCA-associated vasculitis

The updated nomenclature for vasculitis defines this varied group of disorders by aetiology, specific features of pathogenesis and clinical symptoms; diagnostic and classification criteria for clinical practice are in development. Here, I review some important advances in the management of vasculitis within the category of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), which encompasses microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). The clinical approach to the management of the patient with AAV should include testing for ANCA specificity; proteinase 3 (PR3)-specific ANCAs are most often associated with GPA, whereas myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCAs are usually associated with MPA. Also important to the management of AAV is an assessment of the disease stage and severity, to enable tailored treatment based on an algorithm derived from controlled-trial data. Remaining questions pertain to the dosage and duration of corticosteroid treatment, the selection of patients for, and duration of, maintenance treatment after induction of remission, and the identification of safer and more effective therapies than are currently in use. Outcome measures should assess not only disease activity, but also damage and quality of life. Infections, cardiovascular events and malignancies also contribute to outcome, and their prevention should therefore be part of the clinical approach to managing patients with AAV.
Does gamification increase engagement with online programs? A systematic review

BACKGROUND
Engagement in online programs is difficult to maintain. Gamification is the recent trend that offers to increase engagement through the inclusion of game-like features like points and badges, in non-game contexts. This review will answer the following question, 'Are gamification strategies effective in increasing engagement in online programs?'


METHOD
Eight databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, Medline, INSPEC, ERIC, Cochrane Library, Business Source Complete and ACM Digital Library) were searched from 2010 to the 28th of October 2015 using a comprehensive search strategy. Eligibility criteria was based on the PICOS format, where "population" included adults, "intervention" involved an online program or smart phone application that included at least one gamification feature. "Comparator" was a control group, "outcomes" included engagement and "downstream" outcomes which occurred as a result of engagement; and "study design" included experimental studies from peer-reviewed sources. Effect sizes (Cohens d and 95% confidence intervals) were also calculated.


RESULTS
1017 studies were identified from database searches following the removal of duplicates, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The studies involved a total of 10,499 participants, and were commonly undertaken in tertiary education contexts. Engagement metrics included time spent (n = 5), volume of contributions (n = 11) and occasions visited to the software (n = 4); as well as downstream behaviours such as performance (n = 4) and healthy behaviours (n = 1). Effect sizes typically ranged from medium to large in direct engagement and downstream behaviours, with 12 out of 15 studies finding positive significant effects in favour of gamification.


CONCLUSION
Gamification is effective in increasing engagement in online programs. Key recommendations for future research into gamification are provided. In particular, rigorous study designs are required to fully examine gamification's effects and determine how to best achieve sustained engagement.
Ethical Artificial Intelligence

First Edition Please send typo and error reports, and any other comments, to hibbard@wisc.edu.