LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Switchable Printed Yagi-Uda Antenna with Pattern Reconfiguration

© 2009 ETRI Journal, Volume 31, Number 3, June 2009 ABSTRACT⎯A switchable Yagi-Uda antenna prototype with radiation pattern reconfiguration is presented in this letter. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is based on the concept of switching between the reflector and director of a Yagi-Uda antenna using a radio frequency PIN diode. As a result, the minimum/maximum radiation can be steered towards desired signals or away from interfering signals in opposite directions. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth and gain are 210 MHz (7%) and 8.02 dBi at 3 GHz, respectively. Details of the antenna design and its performance are described and empirically analyzed.
ROAdNoC: Runtime observability for an adaptive network on chip architecture

Hard-to-predict system behavior and/or reliability issues resulting from migrating to new technology nodes requires considering runtime adaptivity in future on-chip systems. Runtime observability is a prerequisite for runtime adaptivity as it is providing necessary system information gathered on-the-fly.
 We are presenting the first comprehensive runtime observability infrastructure for an adaptive network on chip architecture which is flexible (e.g. in choosing the routing path), hardly intrusive, and requires little additional overhead (around 0.7% of the total link bandwidth). The hardware overhead is negligible, too, and is in fact less than the hardware savings due to resource multiplexing capabilities that are achieved through runtime observability/adaptivity. As an example, our on-demand buffer assignment scheme increases the buffer utilization and decreases the overall buffer requirements by an average of 42% (the buffer area amounts to about 60% of the entire router area [19]) in our case study analysis compared to a fixed buffer assignment scheme [7]. Our runtime observability on an average also increases the connection success rate by 62% compared to the case without runtime observability for the applications from the E3S benchmark suite [6]. We show the advantages obtained through runtime observability and compare with state-of-the art communication-centric designs.
Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Wetlands: Impacts and Costs

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Scientific evidence indicates that global warming could well lead to a sea-level rise of 1 meter or more in the 21 st century. This paper seeks to quantify how a 1-meter sea-level rise that would affect coastal wetlands in 76 developing countries and territories, taking into account how much of wetlands would be submerged and how likely the wetlands would move inland as the coastline recedes. It is estimated that approximately 64 percent of the freshwater marsh, 66 percent of Global Lakes and Wetlands Database coastal wetlands, and 61 percent of brackish/saline wetlands are at risk. A large percentage of This paper is a product of the Computational Tools and Environment and Energy Teams, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at this loss would be shouldered by two regions: East Asia and the Pacific, and the Middle East and North Africa. At the country level, the results are extremely skewed with a small number of countries being severely affected. In East Asia, China and Vietnam would bear the brunt of these losses. In the Middle East and North Africa, Libya and Egypt would see the most losses. A rough estimate of the economic value of the goods and services produced by wetlands at risk is approximately $630 million per year in 2000 U.S. dollars. We would like to extend our special thanks to Ms. Polly Means for her help with the composition of graphics. We are also grateful to Glenn-Marie Lange and Michael Toman for their useful comments and suggestions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this …
Question classification for Arabic Question Answering Systems

Due to very fast growth of information in the last few decades, getting precise information in real time is becoming increasingly difficult. Search engines such as Google and Yahoo are helping in finding the information but the information provided by them are in the form of documents which consumes a lot of time of the user. Question Answering Systems have emerged as a good alternative to search engines where they produce the desired information in a very precise way in the real time. This saves a lot of time for the user. There has been a lot of research in the field of English and some European language Question Answering Systems. However, Arabic Question Answering Systems could not match the pace due to some inherent difficulties with the language itself as well as due to lack of tools available to assist the researchers. Question classification is a very important module of Question Answering Systems. In this paper, we are presenting a method to accurately classify the Arabic questions in order to retrieve precise answers. The proposed method gives promising results.
Normal breast tissue stiffness measured by a new ultrasound technique: virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ).

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate normal breast tissue stiffness with virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) using prospectively collected data.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
B-mode ultrasound and VTIQ were performed in 132 breasts in 97 women. Mean values of VTIQ for parenchyma and fatty tissue were compared between those measured in healthy breasts and in the surrounding of histologically proven benign and malignant breast lesions. Moreover we reviewed VTIQ values according to breast density measured by the American College of Radiology (ACR) categories. In addition we analyzed re-test reliability of VTIQ.


RESULTS
In 132 breasts the mean VTIQ values in parenchyma were significantly higher than in fatty tissue (3.23 m/s ± 0.74 versus 2.5 m/s ± 0.61; p<0.0001). In healthy breasts as well as in the surrounding of a benign or malignant lesions the VTIQ values of parenchyma were similar (p=0.12). In fatty tissue, small differences between mean VTIQ values of 2.25 m/s ± 0.51, 2.52 m/s ± 0.48 and 2.65 m/s ± 0.71 (p=0.01) in the respective groups were observed. The comparison of mean VTIQ values of parenchyma and fatty tissue in more and less dense breasts (ACR 1+2 versus ACR 3+4 breasts) also yielded no statistically significant difference. The re-test reliability of VTIQ assessed with three independent measurements was moderate (interclass-correlation of 0.52 (p<0.0001)).


CONCLUSION
VTIQ is a reliable method for measuring the stiffness of breast tissue. We propose standard values for healthy parenchyma and fatty tissues independent of the surrounding tissue or the ACR category.
Engineering 2-1-2003 Personality Types in Software Engineering

Software engineering is forecast to be among the fastest growing employment field in the next decades. The purpose of this investigation is two-fold: Firstly, empirical studies on the personality types of software professionals are reviewed. Secondly, this work provides an upto-date personality profile of software engineers according to the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Business Modelling and Convergence 2

Chapter Objectives 1. To understand the development of convergence as a concept and its interconnection with earlier business activities 2. To understand the complexity of business model concept 3. To understand that business models in modern businesses presume convergence of technology, stakeholders and value creation 4. To be able to create an appropriate business model for a convergence-based company
Modal Definability in Enriched Languages

The paper deals with polymodal languages combined with stan­ dard semantics defined by means of some conditions on the frames. So a notion of "polymodal base" arises which provides various enrichments of the classical modal language. One of these enrichments, viz. the base £(R,-R), with modalities over a relation and over its complement, is the paper's main paradigm. The modal definability (in the spirit of van Benthem's correspon­ dence theory) of arbitrary and ~-elementary classes of frames in this base and in some of its extensions, e.g., £(R,-R,R-1 ,_R-1), £(R,-R,=I=) etc., is described, and numerous examples of conditions definable there, as well as undefinable ones, are adduced. 81
Hiding information and signatures in trapdoor knapsacks

Compressibiity of individuai sequences by the ciam of generaihd finite-atate information-losales encoders ia investigated These encodersrpnoperateinavariabie-ratemodeasweUasaflxedrateone,nnd they aiiow for any fhite-atate acheme of variabie-iength-to-variable-ien@ coding. For every individuai hfiite aeqence x a quantity p (x) ia defined, calledthecompressibilityofx,whirhisshowntobetheasymptotieatly attainable lower bound on the compression ratio tbat cao be achieved for x by any finite-state encoder. ‘flds is demonstrated by means of a amatructivecodtngtbeoremanditsconversethat,apartfnnntheirafymptotic significance, also provide useful performance criteria for finite and practicai data-compression taaka. The proposed concept of compressibility ia aiao shown to play a role analogous to that of entropy in ciaasicai informatfon theory where onedeaia with probabilistic ensembles of aequencea ratk Manuscript received June 10, 1977; revised February 20, 1978. J. Ziv is with Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, on leave from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Techmon-Israel Institute of Technology, Halfa, Israel. A. Lempel is with Sperry Research Center, Sudbury, MA 01776, on leave from the Department of Electrical Engineer@, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. tium with individuai sequences. Widie the delinition of p (x) aiiows a different machine for each different sequence to be compresse4 the constructive coding theorem ieada to a universal algorithm that is aaymik toticaiiy optfmai for au sequencea.
Cost-effectiveness of preventing depression in primary care patients: randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of preventing mental disorders.


AIMS
To study the cost-effectiveness of care as usual plus minimal contact psychotherapy relative to usual care alone in preventing depressive disorder.


METHOD
An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a randomised clinical trial. Primary care patients with sub-threshold depression were assigned to minimal contact psychotherapy plus usual care (n=107) or to usual care alone (n=109).


RESULTS
Primary care patients with sub-threshold depression benefited from minimal contact psychotherapy as it reduced the risk of developing a full-blown depressive disorder from 18% to 12%. In addition, this intervention had a 70% probability of being more cost-effective than usual care alone. A sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of these results.


CONCLUSIONS
Over 1 year adjunctive minimal contact psychotherapy improved outcomes and generated lower costs. This intervention is therefore superior to usual care alone in terms of cost-effectiveness.
Digital activism: How social media and dissensus inform theory and practice

Abstract Through thematic analysis of user-generated comments to posts on Chick-fil-A’s Facebook page, this article explores the postmodern concept of dissensus ( Lyotard, 1988 ) as an area for development in activist and social media research. This article examines which dissenting perspectives emerged, how dissensus was expressed, and the implications of this for practitioners and scholars. Several areas for embracing dissensus suggest how social media may impact public relations practice and theory.
A review of the floral composition and distribution of mangroves in Sri Lanka

Mangrove communities comprise a group of biotic components, including plants, animals and microbial organisms, that are highly adapted to intertidal environmental conditions. However, none of these can be identified as a community in a mangrove ecosystem without the actual mangrove plants (trees and shrubs), implying that the true mangrove vegetation is the major constituent of the ecosystem. Mangrove vegetation defines the landscape and participates directly or indirectly in the ecological processes that take place in this ecosystem (Lugo & Snedaker, 1974; Hamilton & Snedaker, 1984; Tomlinson, 1986). Therefore, knowledge of the exact species plant composition of mangroves in any country is a basic and important prerequisite to understanding all the aspects of structure and function of mangroves, as well as their biogeographical affinities and their conservation and management. The past and present distribution of mangroves has been reviewed by several authors on a global level (e.g. Tomlinson, 1986; Ricklefs & Latham, 1993; Duke, 1995; Duke et al., 1998; Ellison et al., 1999). In this paper, we focus on the distribution of mangroves in south-western Sri Lanka. The species richness of mangroves in many geographical areas is decreasing with time as a result of the destruction of mangrove forests and exposure to various anthropogenic stresses (Hamilton & Snedaker, 1984). The area and floristic composition of mangrove forests in Sri Lanka has also decreased at a rapid rate during the last few decades (Pernetta, 1993; Corea et al., 1995; Dahdouh-Guebas et al., 2000; De Silva & Balasubramaniam, 1984–85), possibly leading to the local extinction of some rare species. Peculiarly, some recent documents from governmental and national institutes have reported a number of new records of mangrove species for Sri Lanka; these publications (e.g. Liyanage, 1997) have erroneous species identifications and list many more mangrove species
On Quality-of-Service Provisioning in IEEE 802.11ax WLANs

A revolutionary effort to seek fundamental improvement of 802.11, known as IEEE 802.11ax, has been approved to deliver the next-generation wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies. In WLANs, medium access control protocol is the key component that enables efficient sharing the common radio channel while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirements for multimedia applications. With the new physical layer design and subsequent new medium access control functions under more demands on QoS and user experience, in this paper, we first survey the QoS support in legacy 802.11. Then, we summarize the IEEE 802.11ax standardization activities in progress and present an overview of current perspectives and expected features on medium access control protocol design to better support QoS and user experience in 802.11ax. We present the motivation behind, explain design principles, and identify new research challenges. To better satisfy customer needs on high bandwidth and low latency, emerging long-term evolution licensed-assisted access and its impacts to QoS provisioning in IEEE 802.11ax are further addressed given the collaboration between cellular and WLANs, and given the trend of 5G cellular over unlicensed bands.
Clinical and metabolic results of fasting abbreviation with carbohydrates in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

INTRODUCTION
Limited information is available about preoperative fasting abbreviation with administration of liquid enriched with carbohydrates (CHO) in cardiovascular surgeries.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate clinical variables, security of the method and effects on the metabolism of patients undergoing fasting abbreviation in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.


METHODS
Forty patients undergoing CABG were randomized to receive 400 ml (6 hours before) and 200 ml (2 hours before) of maltodextrin at 12.5% (Group I, n=20) or just water (Group II, n=20) before anesthetic induction. Perioperative clinical variables were evaluated. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by Homa-IR index and also by the need of exogenous insulin; pancreatic beta-cell excretory function by Homa-Beta index and glycemic control by tests of capillary glucose.


RESULTS
Deaths, bronchoaspiration, mediastinitis, stroke and acute myocardial infarction did not occur. Atrial fibrillation occurred in two patients of each group and infectious complications did not differ among groups (P=0.611). Patients of Group I presented two days less of hospital stay (P=0.025) and one day less in the ICU (P<0.001). The length of time using dobutamine was shorter in Group I (P=0.034). Glycemic control in the first 6h after surgery was worse for Group II (P=0.012). IR was verified and did not differ among groups (P>0.05). A decline in the endogenous production of insulin was observed in both groups (P<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Preoperative fasting abbreviation with the administration of CHO in the CABG was safe. The glycemic control improved in the ICU; there was less time in the use of dobutamine and length of hospital and ICU stay was reduced. However, neither IR nor morbimortality during hospital phase were influenced.
Fixed point theorem for generalized weak contractions satisfying rational expressions in ordered metric spaces

* Correspondence: luonghdu@gmail.com Department of Natural Sciences, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam Abstract In this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem for generalized weak contractions satisfying rational expressions in partially ordered metric spaces. The result is a generalization of a recent result of Harjani et al. (Abstr. Appl. Anal, Vol.2010, 1-8, 2010). An example is also given to show that our result is a proper generalization of the existing one. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H10, 54H25.
Single unit activity during a Go/NoGo task in the “prefrontal cortex” of pigeons

Single unit activity was recorded during a delayed auditory/visual Go/NoGo task from the neostriatum caudolaterale (NCL) of pigeons, a multimodal associative avian forebrain structure comparable to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The animals were trained to mandibulate (to open their beak) during the Go period after which they received a drop of water as reward. Neuronal activity changes were observed during the delay period (DELAY) between auditory and visual stimulation, to the onset of the visual stimulus or to the delivery of the reward. In some neurons, responses were related to the behavioral significance of the stimulus such that the neuronal activity was statistically different between Go and NoGo trials. Moreover, some units anticipated the upcoming reward or changed their firing frequency in a correlated manner prior to beak movements. These neuronal activity patterns suggest that the NCL provides a neural network that participates in the integration and processing of external stimuli in order to generate goal directed behavior.
AdaBoosting Neural Networks: Application to on-line Character Recognition

”Boosting” is a general method for improving the performanc e of any weak learning algorithm that consistently generates class ifiers which need to perform only slightly better than random guessing. A recently p roposed and very promising boosting algorithm isAdaBoost[4]. It has been applied with great success to several benchmark machine learning problems usi ng rather simple learning algorithms [3], in particular decision trees [1,2 ,5]. In this paper we use AdaBoost to improve the performances of a strong learning al gorithm: a neural network based on-line character recognition system. In par ticular we will show that it can be used to learn automatically a great variety of w riting styles even when the amount of training data for each style varies a lot. O ur system achieves about 1.4 % error on a handwritten digit data base of more than 200 writers. published inInternational Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN ’97) , pp. 967–972, Springer, 1997
Generating Maps Using Markov Chains

In this paper we outline a method of procedurally generating maps using Markov Chains. Our method attempts to learn what makes a “good” map from a set of given human-authored maps, and then uses those learned patterns to generate new maps. We present an empirical evaluation using the game Super Mario Bros., showing encouraging results.
Determinants of help-seeking behavior in depression: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND
Although evidence-based and effective treatments are available for people with depression, a substantial number does not seek or receive help. Therefore, it is important to gain a better understanding of the reasons why people do or do not seek help. This study examined what predisposing and need factors are associated with help-seeking among people with major depression.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 102 subjects with major depression. Respondents were recruited from the general population in collaboration with three Municipal Health Services (GGD) across different regions in the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were: being aged 18 years or older, a high score on a screening instrument for depression (K10 > 20), and a diagnosis of major depression established through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1).


RESULTS
Of the total sample, 65 % (n = 66) had received help in the past six months. Results showed that respondents with a longer duration of symptoms and those with lower personal stigma were more likely to seek help. Other determinants were not significantly related to help-seeking.


CONCLUSIONS
Longer duration of symptoms was found to be an important determinant of help-seeking among people with depression. It is concerning that stigma was related to less help-seeking. Knowledge and understanding of depression should be promoted in society, hopefully leading to reduced stigma and increased help-seeking.
Building Consumer-to-Consumer Trust in e-Finance Marketplaces

Online market exchanges are usually characterized by uncertainty and risks. Establishing trust and providing trust-building mechanisms are thus crucial for marketplace providers to reduce uncertainty and risks of online transactions. Business models that focus on consumer-to-consumer (C2C) transactions are growing and prospering. For these business models, establishing trust between consumers is important. Research in e-Commerce has mainly focused on trust-building mechanisms between vendors and consumers, but did not pay as much attention to mechanisms to build trust between individual consumers on C2C platforms. The objective of this study is to empirically investigate and test trust-building mechanisms for C2C platforms using data from the e-Finance marketplace Prosper. Our results give empirical support that trust-building mechanisms such as structural assurances, economic and social cues, as well as content quality influence trusting behavior. We contribute to literature and practice by investigating trust building in C2C relationships. Our findings help online marketplace providers to build successful C2C platforms.