LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Animation: can it facilitate?

Graphics have been used since ancient times to portray things that are inherently spatiovisual, like maps and building plans. More recently, graphics have been used to portray things that are metaphorically spatiovisual, like graphs and organizational charts. The assumption is that graphics can facilitate comprehension, learning, memory, communication and inference. Assumptions aside, research on static graphics has shown that only carefully designed and appropriate graphics prove to be beneficial for conveying complex systems. Effective graphics conform to the Congruence Principle according to which the content and format of the graphic should correspond to the content and format of the concepts to be conveyed. From this, it follows that animated graphics should be effective in portraying change over time. Yet the research on the efficacy of animated over static graphics is not encouraging. In cases where animated graphics seem superior to static ones, scrutiny reveals lack of equivalence between animated and static graphics in content or procedures; the animated graphics convey more information or involve interactivity. Animations of events may be ineffective because animations violate the second principle of good graphics, the Apprehension Principle, according to which graphics should be accurately perceived and appropriately conceived. Animations are often too complex or too fast to be accurately perceived. Moreover, many continuous events are conceived of as sequences of discrete steps. Judicious use of interactivity may overcome both these disadvantages. Animations may be more effective than comparable static graphics in situations other than conveying complex systems, for example, for real time reorientations in time and space. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
A large, population-based study of 2009 pandemic Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 infection diagnosis during pregnancy and outcomes for mothers and neonates.

BACKGROUND
Pregnant women were at increased risk for serious outcomes of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (influenza A[H1N1]pdm09) infection, but little is known about the overall impact of the pandemic on neonatal and maternal outcomes.


METHODS
We identified live births that occurred from 1 July 2008 through 31 May 2010 in 5 Kaiser Permanente regions. Pregnant women were considered to have influenza if they had a positive result of a laboratory test for influenza virus or if they received a diagnosis of influenza during a period in which seasonal influenza virus or A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predominant circulating virus.


RESULTS
There were 111 158 births from 109 015 pregnancies involving 107 889 mothers; 368 pregnant women (0.3%) received a diagnosis of influenza due to seasonal virus, and 959 (0.9%) received a diagnosis of influenza due to A(H1N1)pdm09; 107 688 did not receive an influenza diagnosis. Pregnant women with influenza due to A(H1N1)pdm09 were more likely than women with seasonal influenza infection to be hospitalized within 30 days of the diagnosis (27% vs 12%; odds ratio [OR], 2.84 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.01-4.02]). Pregnant women with A(H1N1)pdm09 who started antiviral treatment ≥2 days after the diagnosis were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than those who started antiviral treatment <2 days after diagnosis (OR, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.55-7.56]). Mothers with seasonal influenza virus infection had an increased risk for having a small-for-gestational-age infant (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.15-2.20]).


CONCLUSIONS
In this large, geographically diverse population, A(H1N1)pdm09 infection increased the risk for hospitalization during pregnancy. Late initiation of antiviral treatment was also associated with an increased risk for hospitalization.
6-D Localization of a Magnetic Capsule Endoscope Using a Stationary Rotating Magnetic Dipole Field

Since the introduction of passive commercial capsule endoscopes, researchers have been pursuing methods to control and localize these devices, many utilizing magnetic fields [1, 2]. An advantage of magnetics is the ability to both actuate and localize using the same technology. Prior work from our group [3] developed a method to actuate screw-type magnetic capsule endoscopes in the intestines using a single rotating magnetic dipole located at any position with respect to the capsule. This paper presents a companion localization method that uses the same rotating dipole field for full 6-D pose estimation of a capsule endoscope embedded with a small permanet magnet and an array of magnetic-field sensors. Although several magnetic localization algorithms have been previously published, many are not compatible with magnetic actuation [4, 5]. Those that are require the addition of an accelerometer [6, 7], need a priori knowledge of the capsule’s orientation [7], provide only 3-D information [6], or must manipulate the position of the external magnetic source during localization [8, 9]. Kim et al. presented an iterative method for use with rotating magnetic fields, but the method contains errors [10]. Our proposed algorithm is less sensitive to data synchronization issues and sensor noise than our previous non-iterative method [11] because the data from the magnetic sensors is incorporated independently (rather than first using sensor data to estimate the field at the center of the capsule’s magnet), and the full pose is solved simultaneously (instead of position and orientation sequentially).
Clebsch-Gordan Nets: a Fully Fourier Space Spherical Convolutional Neural Network

Recent work by Cohen et al. [1] has achieved state-of-the-art results for learning spherical images in a rotation invariant way by using ideas from group representation theory and noncommutative harmonic analysis. In this paper we propose a generalization of this work that generally exhibits improved performace, but from an implementation point of view is actually simpler. An unusual feature of the proposed architecture is that it uses the Clebsch–Gordan transform as its only source of nonlinearity, thus avoiding repeated forward and backward Fourier transforms. The underlying ideas of the paper generalize to constructing neural networks that are invariant to the action of other compact groups.
Modeling and Designing Components with.Locally ControllediComposition

SFF processes have demonstrated the ability to produce parts with locally controlled composition. In the limit, processes such as 3D Printing can create parts with composition control on the length scale of 100 microns. To exploit this potential, new methods to model, exchange, and process parts with local composition need to be developed. An approach to modeling a part’s geometry, topology, and composition will be presented. This approach is based on subdividing the solid model into sub-regions and associating analytic composition blending functions with each region. These blending functions define the composition throughout the model as mixtures of the primary materials available to the SFF machine. Various design tools will also be presented, for example, specification of composition as a function of the distance from the surface of a part. Finally, the role of design rules specifying maximum concentrations and concentration gradients will be discussed. Introduction This research into modeling and designing components with locally controlled composition is part of a larger project funded by the National Science Foundation titled "The Distributed Design and Fabrication of Metal Parts and Tools by 3D Printing." The overall goal of this project is to identify the barriers preventing designers from accessing the unique and useful capabilities of SFF processes such as 3DP and provide solutions. One of the identified barriers is the inability for designers and manufacturers to work with models of graded compositions. To address this issue, we are researching methods to represent, design, exchange, and process these models with the intention of promoting the use and research of Local Composition Control through 3DP by a wider audience. Background: Local Composition Control (LCC) through 3D-Printing (3DP) Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) refers to a class of manufacturing processes that build objects in an additive fashion directly from a computer model. Although most build from a single material and in layers, a few SFF processes possess the capability to fabricate objects from multiple materials in a near point-wise fashion. The combination of these two features allows for the possibility of Local Composition Control (LCC) through which graded compositions can be manufactured from the base materials available to the SFF machine ,. One such SFF process capable of LCC is 3D Printing . Conventional 3DP manufactures a part by selectively binding powder together according to a computer model. The build cycle begins by spreading a layer of powder over the print bed. A print head then traverses the bed, selectively depositing binder over the regions corresponding to the interior of a slice of the Spread powder Apply binder Lower print bed Finished part @@@@@@ @@@@@@ @@@@@@ @@@@@@
Research on application of distributed data mining in anti-money laundering monitoring system

From the reality, this article presents anti-money laundering real-time system architecture on the base of analyzing custom transaction. At the same time, data process, custom transaction and bank node are discussed.
Births and deaths: United States, 1996.

OBJECTIVES
This report presents preliminary data on births and deaths in the United States from the National Center for Health Statistics for 1996. U.S. data are shown by age, race, and Hispanic origin. National and State data on births by marital status, prenatal care, cesarean delivery, and low birthweight are also presented. Mortality data presented include life expectancy, leading causes of death, and infant mortality.


METHODS
This report, the third in a new statistical series, presents preliminary data for 1996 on births and deaths based on a substantial sample of vital records. The records are weighted to independent control counts of births, infant deaths, and total deaths received in State vital statistics offices during calendar year 1996.


RESULTS
According to preliminary data for 1996, the birth rate for teenagers dropped 4 percent in 1996 to 54.7 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years. The teen birth rate has declined 12 percent since 1991 (62.1), with larger reductions for young teenagers 15-17 years and for black teenagers. Birth rates for women aged 20-34 years increased 1-2 percent, while rates for women aged 35-44 years rose 3 percent. The number and percent of births to unmarried women increased about 1 percent, while the birth rate for unmarried women declined 1 percent. The rate of prenatal care utilization improved and the cesarean delivery rate declined. The overall low birthweight rate increased to 7.4 percent. The 1996 preliminary infant mortality rate reached a record low of 7.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births with all-time lows for white and black infants. Life expectancy reached a record high of 76.1 years with all-time highs for white and black males and black females. The largest declines in age-adjusted death rates among the leading causes of death were for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (26 percent) and Homicide (11 percent), which dropped from the 12th to the 14th leading cause of death.
Chemoprevention of colon cancer by dietary fatty acids

During the last two decades, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the relationship between the dietary constituents and development of colon cancer in man. Unlike studies of cancer among smokers and nonsmokers, nutritional epidemiologic studies are confronted with the inherent difficulty of assessing reasonably precise exposures. The lack of consistency between international correlation studies and case-control studies does not necessarily negate a dietary etiology of colon cancer because these inconsistencies may have arisen, at least in part, from methodological limitations. Some of these deficiencies in epidemiological studies of diet and cancer have been corrected; recent case-control studies demonstrated that high dietary fat is a risk factor for colon cancer development and that an overall increase in intake of foods high in fiber might decrease the risk for colon cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies may be assumed to present conservative estimates of the true risk for cancer associated with diet. The populations with high incidence of colon cancer are characterized by high consumption of dietary fat, which may be a risk factor in the absence of factors that are protective, such as whole-grain cereals and of other high-fiber. Laboratory animal model studies have shown that certain dietary lipids and fibers influence tumorigenesis in the colon. The data of metabolic epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies are sufficiently convincing with recpect to enhancement of colon cancer by type of fat and protection by certain dietary fibers.
Cancer incidence among firefighters in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington (United States)

In order to determine if exposure to carcinogens in fire smoke increases the risk of cancer, we examined the incidence of cancer in a cohort of 2,447 male firefighters in Seattle and Tacoma, (Washington, USA). The study population was followed for 16 years (1974–89) and the incidence of cancer, ascertained using a population-based tumor registry, was compared with local rates and with the incidence among 1,878 policemen from the same cities. The risk of cancer among firefighters was found to be similar to both the police and the general male population for most common sites. An elevated risk of prostate cancer was observed relative to the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]=1.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.1–1.7) but was less elevated compared with rates in policement (incidence density ratio [IDR]=1.1, CI=0.7–1.8) and was not related to duration of exposure. The risk of colon cancer, although only slightly elevated relative to the general population (SIR=1.1, CI=0.7–1.6) and the police (IDR=1.3, CI=0.6–3.0), appeared to increase with duration of employment. Although the relationship between firefighting and colon cancer is consistent with some previous studies, it is based on small numbers and may be due to chance. While this study did not find strong evidence for an excess risk of cancer, the presence of carcinogens in the firefighting environment warrants periodic re-evaluation of cancer incidence in this population and the continued use of protective equipment.
Core Stability Training for Injury Prevention

CONTEXT
Enhancing core stability through exercise is common to musculoskeletal injury prevention programs. Definitive evidence demonstrating an association between core instability and injury is lacking; however, multifaceted prevention programs including core stabilization exercises appear to be effective at reducing lower extremity injury rates.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
PUBMED WAS SEARCHED FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC, BIOMECHANIC, AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF CORE STABILITY FOR INJURY PREVENTION (KEYWORDS: "core OR trunk" AND "training OR prevention OR exercise OR rehabilitation" AND "risk OR prevalence") published between January 1980 and October 2012. Articles with relevance to core stability risk factors, assessment, and training were reviewed. Relevant sources from articles were also retrieved and reviewed.


RESULTS
Stabilizer, mobilizer, and load transfer core muscles assist in understanding injury risk, assessing core muscle function, and developing injury prevention programs. Moderate evidence of alterations in core muscle recruitment and injury risk exists. Assessment tools to identify deficits in volitional muscle contraction, isometric muscle endurance, stabilization, and movement patterns are available. Exercise programs to improve core stability should focus on muscle activation, neuromuscular control, static stabilization, and dynamic stability.


CONCLUSION
Core stabilization relies on instantaneous integration among passive, active, and neural control subsystems. Core muscles are often categorized functionally on the basis of stabilizing or mobilizing roles. Neuromuscular control is critical in coordinating this complex system for dynamic stabilization. Comprehensive assessment and training require a multifaceted approach to address core muscle strength, endurance, and recruitment requirements for functional demands associated with daily activities, exercise, and sport.
What we know about leadership. Effectiveness and personality.

Although psychologists know a great deal about leadership, persons who make decisions about real leaders seem largely to ignore their accumulated wisdom. In an effort to make past research more accessible, interpretable, and relevant to decision makers, this article defines leadership and then answers nine questions that routinely come up when practical decisions are made about leadership (e.g., whom to appoint, how to evaluate them, when to terminate them.
Automatic License Plate Recognition: a Review

In recent years, many researches on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been reported. Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is one form of ITS technology that not only recognizes and counts vehicles, but distinguishes each as unique by recognizing and recording the license plate’s characters. This paper discusses the main techniques of ALPR. Several open problems are proposed at the end of the paper for future research.
MACHINABILITY OF FCD 500 DUCTILE CAST IRON USING COATED CARBIDE TOOL IN DRY MACHINING CONDITION

Machining is the most important manufacturing process in these modern industries especially for producing automotive component. In this study, ductile cast iron grade FCD 500 was machined using carbide cutting tool in dry end milling condition. The end milling parameters used were cutting speed of 180 m/min, 210 m/min dan 260 m/min. The feed rate of 0.10 mm/tooth, 0.25 mm/ tooth and 0.40 mm/ tooth, and the depth of cut of 0.30 mm, 0.60 mm dan 0.90 mm. Orthogonal L9 array in Taguchi method was employed to carry out the experimental work. The results were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of end milling parameters on the tool life, cutting force and surface roughness measured. From the analysis it was found that the depth of cut and feed rate are the most important parameter influencing the tool life. The optimal tool life was found at cutting speed of 180 m/min, feed rate of 0.10 mm/tooth and depth of cut of 0.30 mm. A good surface finish was obtained at cutting speed of 260 m/min, feed of 0.10 mm/ tooth and depth of cut of 0.90 mm. Whereas, at cutting speed of 210 m/min, feed of 0.10 mm/ tooth and depth of cut of 0.30 mm, the lowest cutting force was measured. Wear mechanism at the tool surface such as crater wear, cracking and chipping were observed. These optimum parameters obtained will help automotive industry to have a competitive machining operation from the economical and manufacturing perspective.
Faster title and abstract screening? Evaluating Abstrackr, a semi-automated online screening program for systematic reviewers

BACKGROUND
Citation screening is time consuming and inefficient. We sought to evaluate the performance of Abstrackr, a semi-automated online tool for predictive title and abstract screening.


METHODS
Four systematic reviews (aHUS, dietary fibre, ECHO, rituximab) were used to evaluate Abstrackr. Citations from electronic searches of biomedical databases were imported into Abstrackr, and titles and abstracts were screened and included or excluded according to the entry criteria. This process was continued until Abstrackr predicted and classified the remaining unscreened citations as relevant or irrelevant. These classification predictions were checked for accuracy against the original review decisions. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effects of including case reports in the aHUS dataset whilst screening and the effects of using larger imbalanced datasets with the ECHO dataset. The performance of Abstrackr was calculated according to the number of relevant studies missed, the workload saving, the false negative rate, and the precision of the algorithm to correctly predict relevant studies for inclusion, i.e. further full text inspection.


RESULTS
Of the unscreened citations, Abstrackr's prediction algorithm correctly identified all relevant citations for the rituximab and dietary fibre reviews. However, one relevant citation in both the aHUS and ECHO reviews was incorrectly predicted as not relevant. The workload saving achieved with Abstrackr varied depending on the complexity and size of the reviews (9 % rituximab, 40 % dietary fibre, 67 % aHUS, and 57 % ECHO). The proportion of citations predicted as relevant, and therefore, warranting further full text inspection (i.e. the precision of the prediction) ranged from 16 % (aHUS) to 45 % (rituximab) and was affected by the complexity of the reviews. The false negative rate ranged from 2.4 to 21.7 %. Sensitivity analysis performed on the aHUS dataset increased the precision from 16 to 25 % and increased the workload saving by 10 % but increased the number of relevant studies missed. Sensitivity analysis performed with the larger ECHO dataset increased the workload saving (80 %) but reduced the precision (6.8 %) and increased the number of missed citations.


CONCLUSIONS
Semi-automated title and abstract screening with Abstrackr has the potential to save time and reduce research waste.
Running head : Inter-Industry Wage Differentials in Belgium* Title : Inter-Industry Wage Differentials : Evidence from Belgium in a Cross-National Perspective*

This paper examines the existence and magnitude of interindustry wage differentials in Belgium. Using the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, a rich employer-employee matched database, we find significant sectoral wage differentials between workers who are apparently similar from the point of view of their individual characteristics and working conditions. Results also suggest that these differences derive partly from the features of the employers in each sector (size of the establishment, bargaining regime). In an international perspective, results fit in with findings from earlier studies on the existence of a negative relation between the dispersion of interindustry wage differentials and the degree of corporatism.
Detecting Learning vs Memorization in Deep Neural Networks using Shared Structure Validation Sets

Abstract: The roles played by learning and memorization represent an important topic in deep learning research. Recent work on this subject has shown that the optimization behavior of DNNs trained on shuffled labels is qualitatively different from DNNs trained with real labels. Here, we propose a novel permutation approach that can differentiate memorization from learning in deep neural networks (DNNs) trained as usual (i.e., using the real labels to guide the learning, rather than shuffled labels). The evaluation of weather the DNN has learned and/or memorized, happens in a separate step where we compare the predictive performance of a shallow classifier trained with the features learned by the DNN, against multiple instances of the same classifier, trained on the same input, but using shuffled labels as outputs. By evaluating these shallow classifiers in validation sets that share structure with the training set, we are able to tell apart learning from memorization. Application of our permutation approach to multi-layer perceptrons and convolutional neural networks trained on image data corroborated many findings from other groups. Most importantly, our illustrations also uncovered interesting dynamic patterns about how DNNs memorize over increasing numbers of training epochs, and support the surprising result that DNNs are still able to learn, rather than only memorize, when trained with pure Gaussian noise as input.