LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of incorporation of plantain and chickpea flours on the quality characteristics of biscuits.

Blends of plantain and chickpea flours each with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% along with of refined wheat flour were used for development of biscuits. The flours were evaluated for their chemical and functional properties. Plantain flour had highest crude fiber (3.6%) and carbohydrate content (80.8%), whereas chickpea flour had highest protein content (19.3%) and fat content (4.4%). Plantain flour showed highest water absorption (167.7%) whereas lowest oil absorption capacity (144.6). The chickpea flour showed highest foaming capacity and stability. The thickness and diameter of biscuits did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). The spread ratio and percent spread decreased with the addition of plantain and chickpea flours each up to a concentration of 30%. The fracture strength of biscuits increased significantly (p < 0.05) with addition of plantain and chickpea flours and was highest at 40% concentration (21.1 N). The protein and crude fiber content of biscuits increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 7.1 to 9.2% and 1.1 to 3.6%, respectively with increasing extent of chickpea flour and plantain flours in the blends. The sensory properties of biscuits prepared by replacing refined wheat flour up to 20% each with plantain and chickpea flour were more or less similar to those of control biscuits.
The relationship between low maternal serum vitamin D levels and glycemic control in gestational diabetes assessed by HbA 1 c levels : an observational cross-sectional study

Background: A great association between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been suggested in literature. During pregnancy, this deficiency is even more critical. It appears that vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy may be associated with maternal hazards. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the levels of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (vitamin D), and the glycemic control in pregnant women. Methods: An observational cross-section study including 160 pregnant women between 20-40 years in age, in their third trimester, divided into two equal groups. First group consisted of 80 women with established diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the second group with proved normal blood glucose levels. We assessed vitamin D in serum, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and we depicted the insulin sensitivity using the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki). The results were collected and statistically correlated. Results: The mean vitamin D levels were 46.61 ± 6.087 and 47.25 ± 10.181in controls and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) respectively. The fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in the group with GDM with a mean of 18.51 ± 6.44 compared to 8.95 ± 2.52 in the control group. The correlation coefficient (r) between HbA1c levels and Vitamin D level was -0.492 with a P value <0.05. Similar associations were also found with the fasting blood sugar levels (r = 0.386) and with Quicki values (r = -0.250). Vitamin D levels correlated significantly with the fasting blood glucose, the fasting serum insulin and the HbA1c levels, the P value in all these correlations were <0.05. The P value with Quicki results was 0.064. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the glycemic control and vitamin D levels in serum in the whole study population. The effect of adequate vitamin D replacement on glycemic control was not studied in our work correlation. We suggest larger scale studies addressing this issue.
Face Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Manifold Learning

This paper describes how face recognition can be effected using 3D shape information extracted from single 2D image views. We characterise the shape of the field of facial normals using a statistical model based on principal geodesic analysis. The model can be fitted to 2D brightness images of faces to recover a vector of shape parameters. Since it captures variations in a field of surface normals, the dimensionality of the shape vector is twice the number of image pixels. We investigate how to perform face recognition using the output of PGA by applying a number of dimensionality reduction techniques including principal components analysis, locally linear embedding, locality preserving projection and Isomap.
nvestigating the effect of intra-articular PRP injection on pain and unction improvement in patients with distal radius fracture

Introduction: Distal radius fractures are common injuries that cause pain and disability. There is a clear need for biomedical engineering research to develop novel strategies to improve functional results following intra-articular distal radius fractures. However, no pharmacotherapeutic agent has been investigated to resolve this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be considered a novel additional therapy to improve the outcomes of this injury. Hypothesis: Pain reduction and functional improvement can be noticed after PRP use in distal radius fracture. Materials and methods: A randomized trial study was designed with 30 patients who had intra-articular distal radius fractures (Frykman type 3, 4, 7, 8). Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under guide of fluoroscopy were done for them. Fifteen cases received intra-articular autologus PRP. Patients were followed for 3 and 6 months and “patient-rated wrist evaluation” (PRWE) questionnaire was completed and range of motion of the wrist was measured. Results: The mean of pain score and the score of specific and usual activities at 3 months follow-up in the case group and in the control group were (8.33 versus 19.67), (10.66 versus 26.8), and (6.2 versus 13.4), respectively. The mean of pain score and score of specific and usual activities at 6 months followup in the case group and in the control group were (3.6 versus 12), (3 versus 15.7), and (1.2 versus 6.8), respectively. The case group was significantly different from the control group. The mean of loss of flexion and extension of the wrist at 3 months follow-up in the case group was significantly different from the control group as well. Conclusion: PRP may have significant effect on reduction of pain and amount of difficulty in functions, including specific and usual activities after intra-articular distal radius fractures. Level of evidence: Level III, Therapeutic trial. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Milking the genome for profit

Despite recent accomplishments, significant challenges remain before cloning can become a routine part of transgenic animal production.
Volume-outcome relationships in pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer.

BACKGROUND
Volume-outcome relationships in pancreatic surgery are well established, but an optimal volume remains to be determined. Studies analyzing outcomes in volume categories exceeding 20 procedures annually are lacking.


STUDY DESIGN
A consecutive 3420 patients underwent PD for primary pancreatic or periampullary carcinoma (2005-2013) and were registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Relationships between hospital volume (< 5, 5-19, 20-39 and ≥ 40 PDs/year) and mortality and survival were explored.


RESULTS
There was a non-significant decrease in 90-day mortality from 8.1 to 6.7% during the study period (p = 0.23). Ninety-day mortality was 9.7% in centers performing < 5 PDs/year (n = 185 patients), 8.9% for 5-19 PDs/year (n = 1432), 7.3% for 20-39 PDs/year (n = 240) and 4.3% for ≥ 40 PDs/year (n = 562, p = 0.004). Within volume categories, 90-day mortality did not change over time. After adjustment for confounding factors, significantly lower mortality was found in the ≥ 40 category compared to 20-39 PDs/year (OR = 1.72 (1.08-2.74)). Overall survival adjusted for confounding factors was better in the ≥ 40 category compared to categories under 20 PDs/year: HR (≥ 40 vs 5-19/year) = 1.24 (1.09-1.42). In the ≥ 40 category significantly more patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and had > 10 lymph nodes retrieved compared to lower volume categories.


CONCLUSIONS
Volume-outcome relationships in pancreatic surgery persist in centers performing ≥ 40 PDs annually, regarding both mortality and survival. The volume plateau for pancreatic surgery has yet to be determined.
Statistical Adjustment of Signal Censoring in Gene Expression Experiments

MOTIVATION
Numerical output of spotted microarrays displays censoring of pixel intensities at some software dependent threshold. This reduces the quality of gene expression data, because it seriously violates the linearity of expression with respect to signal intensity. Statistical methods based on typically available spot summaries together with some parametric assumptions can suggest ways to correct for this defect.


RESULTS
A maximum likelihood approach is suggested together with a sensible approximation to the joint density of the mean, median and variance-which are typically available to the biological end-user. The method 'corrects' the gene expression values for pixel censoring. A by-product of our approach is a comparison between several two-parameter models for pixel intensity values. It suggests that pixels separated by one or two other pixels can be considered independent draws from a Lognormal or a Gamma distribution.


AVAILABILITY
The R/S-Plus code is available at http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/~microarray/software.
Upper body pain and functional disorders in patients with breast cancer.

Upper body pain and dysfunction are common in survivors of breast cancer. Disorders of the upper body can result directly from breast cancer or from the surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapies used in its treatment. Although considerable information is available regarding impairments such as pain and restricted shoulder range of motion associated with breast cancer and its treatment, relatively little information is available about the specific neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, lymphovascular, and other diagnostic entities that underlie those impairments. This article will detail the common and specific causes of upper body pain and dysfunction in breast cancer survivors, including postsurgical pain, rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, arthralgias, cervical radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, mononeuropathy, postmastectomy pain syndrome, lymphedema, axillary web syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, and cellulitis. Diagnostic specificity is a key first step to safely and effectively restore function and quality of life to breast cancer survivors.
Secure Smart Card Based Password Authentication Scheme with User Anonymity

Recently, a smart card based authentication and key agreement scheme preserving the user anonymity was proposed by Wang, Juang and Lei, that is designed to provide users with secure activities in ubiquitous computing environments. The authors proved that their scheme delivers important security properties and functionalities, such as without maintaining password/verification tables, freedom on password selection and alteration, mutual authentication, user anonymity, no time synchronization problem, key agreement implementation, forgery attack resistance and computation efficiency. However, we show that Wang et al.'s scheme has potential security flaws, which enable malicious attackers to counterfeit an application server to spoof the victim client and damage the security of session key and the property of user anonymity. In this paper, we propose an enhanced version of Wang et al.'s scheme to remedy these flaws. The proposed scheme not only ensures the merits of their scheme but also enhances the security of their scheme without raising any computation cost.
Renal Scarring in the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial were to evaluate the role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We present a comprehensive evaluation of renal scarring outcomes in RIVUR trial participants.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 607 children aged 2-71 months with grade 1-4 VUR diagnosed after a first or second febrile or symptomatic UTI. Study participants received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or placebo and were followed for 2 years. Renal scarring was evaluated by baseline and follow-up (99m)technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans that were reviewed independently by two blinded reference radiologists.


RESULTS
At the end of the study, 58 (10%) of 599 children and 63 (5%) of 1197 renal units had renal scarring. New renal scarring did not differ between the prophylaxis and placebo groups (6% versus 7%, respectively). Children with renal scarring were significantly older (median age, 26 versus 11 months; P=0.01), had a second UTI before enrollment (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.38 to 5.92), were more likely to be Hispanic (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.34), and had higher grades of VUR (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.0). The proportion of new scars in renal units with grade 4 VUR was significantly higher than in units with no VUR (OR, 24.2; 95% CI, 6.4 to 91.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Significantly more renal scarring was seen in relatively older children and in those with a second episode of febrile or symptomatic UTI before randomization. Preexisting and new renal scars occurred significantly more in renal units with grade 4 VUR than in those with low-grade or no VUR. Antimicrobial prophylaxis did not decrease the risk of renal scarring.
Validation of the Jackson Heart Study Physical Activity Survey in African Americans.

BACKGROUND
Physical inactivity has been consistently linked to cardiovascular disease, yet few instruments have been validated for assessment of physical activity in African Americans, a group particularly vulnerable to heart disease. The current study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the activity survey used in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) among African Americans, the JHS Physical Activity Cohort survey (JPAC).


METHODS
Test-retest reliability over 2 weeks was assessed using a convenience sample of 40 African Americans. Convergent validity with accelerometer and pedometer data were assessed in 2 samples from the JHS (N = 404 and 294, respectively).


RESULTS
Test-retest reliability was excellent, with intraclass correlations = .99 for the JPAC total and index scores. Higher JPAC total scores were significantly associated with higher raw accelerometer and pedometer counts. Spearman correlations between JPAC total scores and accelerometer (rho = .24) and pedometer counts (rho = .32) were consistent with these results. Most subscales were significantly correlated with the objective measures. The JPAC total score was most strongly associated with objectively-measured activity.


CONCLUSION
This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the JPAC as a tool for assessing physical activity among African Americans across a variety of domains.
A Minimally Supervised Approach for Synonym Extraction with Word Embeddings

In this paper we present a novel approach to minimally supervised synonym extraction. The approach is based on the word embeddings and aims at presenting a method for synonym extraction that is extensible to various languages. We report experiments with word vectors trained by using both the continuous bag-of-words model (CBoW) and the skip-gram model (SG) investigating the effects of different settings with respect to the contextual window size, the number of dimensions and the type of word vectors. We analyze the word categories that are (cosine) similar in the vector space, showing that cosine similarity on its own is a bad indicator to determine if two words are synonymous. In this context, we propose a new measure, relative cosine similarity, for calculating similarity relative to other cosine-similar words in the corpus. We show that calculating similarity relative to other words boosts the precision of the extraction. We also experiment with combining similarity scores from differently-trained vectors and explore the advantages of using a part-of-speech tagger as a way of introducing some light supervision, thus aiding extraction. We perform both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation on our final system: intrinsic evaluation is carried out manually by two human evaluators and we use the output of our system in a machine translation task for extrinsic evaluation, showing that the extracted synonyms improve the evaluation metric. ©2016 PBML. Distributed under CC BY-NC-ND. Corresp. author: tuur.leeuwenberg@cs.kuleuven.be Cite as: Artuur Leeuwenberg, Mihaela Vela, Jon Dehdari, Josef van Genabith. A Minimally Supervised Approach for Synonym Extraction with Word Embeddings. The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics No. 105, 2016, pp. 111–142. doi: 10.1515/pralin-2016-0006.
The Modern Dede: Changing Parameters for Religious Authority in Contemporary Turkish Alevism

While Turkey is beginning its membership negotiations with the European Union, Turkish Alevis try to capitalize on the European pressure for reform. Most Alevis welcome the understanding of the European Commission that Alevis form a religious community deserving recognition. This chapter describes the present Alevi debate on the modern dede and analyzes it in the context of the contemporary reformulation of Alevism in terms of culture and religion. It argues that dedelik , the institution of the dede , is being secularized, i.e., the role of the dede is constrained to ritual contexts increasingly defined as religious in opposition to non-religious functions such as representation of the community. The chapter gives a brief account of the traditional dedelik and the changes it underwent in the course of Alevisms transformations in the 20th century . Keywords: European Union; modern dede; turkish alevism
HADM: Hybrid Analysis for Detection of Malware

Android is the most popular mobile operating system with a market share of over 80% [23]. Due to its popularity and also its open source nature, Android is now the platform most targeted by malware, creating an urgent need for effective defense mechanisms to protect Android-enabled devices. In this paper, we propose a novel Android malware classification method called HADM, Hybrid Analysis for Detection of Malware. We first extract static and dynamic information, and convert this information into vector-based representations. It has been shown that combining advanced features derived by deep learning with the original features provides significant gains [28]. Therefore, we feed both the original dynamic and static feature vector sets to a Deep Neural Network (DNN) which outputs a new set of features. These features are then concatenated with the original features to construct DNN vector sets. Different kernels are then applied onto the DNN vector sets. We also convert the dynamic information into graph-based representations and apply graph kernels onto the graph sets. Learning results from various vector and graph feature sets are combined using hierarchical Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) [14] to build a final hybrid classifier.
Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

CONTEXT
Neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) emphasize disturbances in the function and connectivity of brain corticostriatal networks, or "loops." Although neuroimaging studies of patients have supported this network model of OCD, very few have applied measurements that are sensitive to brain connectivity features.


OBJECTIVE
Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested the hypothesis that OCD is associated with disturbances in the functional connectivity of primarily ventral corticostriatal regions, measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal.


DESIGN
Case-control cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Hospital referral OCD unit and magnetic resonance imaging facility.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 21 patients with OCD (10 men, 11 women) and 21 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and estimated intelligence.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Voxelwise statistical parametric maps testing the strength of functional connectivity of 4 striatal seed regions of interest (dorsal caudate nucleus, ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens, dorsal putamen, and ventral putamen) with remaining brain areas.


RESULTS
For both groups, there was a clear distinction in the pattern of cortical connectivity of dorsal and ventral striatal regions, consistent with the notion of segregated motor, associative, and limbic corticostriatal networks. Between groups, patients with OCD had significantly increased functional connectivity along a ventral corticostriatal axis, implicating the orbitofrontal cortex and surrounding areas. The specific strength of connectivity between the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens and the anterior orbitofrontal cortex predicted patients' overall symptom severity (r(2) = 0.57; P < .001). Additionally, patients with OCD showed evidence of reduced functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum and lateral prefrontal cortex, and of the ventral striatum with the region of the midbrain ventral tegmental area.


CONCLUSIONS
This study directly supports the hypothesis that OCD is associated with functional alterations of brain corticostriatal networks. Specifically, our findings emphasize abnormal and heightened functional connectivity of ventrolimbic corticostriatal regions in patients with OCD.
From elsewhere: Prophetic visions and dreams among the people of the earth

Anthropological ethnographies sometimes postulate that new religious ideas may originate in individual dreams, visions, or madness. An illustration is given of the foundation of the Earth People of Trinidad, for whom dreams may still contain prophetic insight or knowledge. Their oneiric understandings have to be placed against their cultural baseline of village dream theory and the dreamlike visions of the Shouter Baptists. It is argued that the physical conditions of the community's daily life are perhaps conducive to visionary perceptions in a half-waking, half-sleeping state. Copyright 2004 by the Educational Publishing Foundation.