LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
TRPV4: Molecular Conductor of a Diverse Orchestra.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel, originally described in 2000 by research teams led by Schultz (Nat Cell Biol 2: 695-702, 2000) and Liedtke (Cell 103: 525-535, 2000). TRPV4 is now recognized as being a polymodal ionotropic receptor that is activated by a disparate array of stimuli, ranging from hypotonicity to heat and acidic pH. Importantly, this ion channel is constitutively expressed and capable of spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist stimulation, which suggests that it serves important physiological functions, as does its widespread dissemination throughout the body and its capacity to interact with other proteins. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has emerged more recently that TRPV4 fulfills a great number of important physiological roles and that various disease states are attributable to the absence, or abnormal functioning, of this ion channel. Here, we review the known characteristics of this ion channel's structure, localization and function, including its activators, and examine its functional importance in health and disease.
Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Digitalis lamarckii, an endemic medicinal species

Th is study reports, for the fi rst time, an effi cient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Digitalis lamarckii Ivan. (dwarf foxglove) via direct shoot organogenesis. Two sets of experiments were carried out; the fi rst compared diff erent concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, thidiazuron (TDZ), and zeatin alone using leaf explants excised from in vitro germinated seedlings, while the second set tested the combinations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with BAP, kinetin, TDZ, and zeatin for shoot multiplication from the leaf explants, which were already cultured and developed numerous shoots during the fi rst set of experiments. For shoot regeneration (the fi rst set of experiments), TDZ was the most eff ective at 1.0 mg L-1 concentration, producing a mean of 10.3 shoots per explant and was signifi cantly more eff ective than BAP. For shoot multiplication (the second set of experiments), a combination of 0.2 mg L-1 IBA with 0.2 mg L-1 TDZ produced signifi cantly more shoots per explant (16.5 shoots) than with BAP (11.0 shoots), zeatin (5.5 shoots), or kinetin (4.0 shoots). Th e regenerated shoots were readily rooted on medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 indole3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooted regenerants were then transferred to the pots, where they grew well and attained maturity. Th e described protocol provides a simple way to regenerate plants through direct shoot organogenesis, which would be useful for a large-scale production of cardenolides, germplasm conservation, and genetic transformation studies in this medicinally important endemic species.
Printed quasi-Yagi antenna with folded dipole driver

Printed quasi-Yagi antennas [1] have been used in a number of applications requiring broad-band planar end-fire antennas. So far they have been mostly realized on high dielectric constant substrates with moderate thickness in order to excite the TE0 surface wave along the dielectric substrate. An alternative design of a printed Yagi-Uda antenna, developed on a low dielectric constant material, was presented in [2]. In this design, an additional director and a reflector were used to increase the gain of the antenna. However the achieved bandwidth of the antenna is quite narrow (about 3–4%) compared to the bandwidth of a quasi-Yagi antenna fabricated on a high dielectric constant substrate [1]. Another disadvantage of a conventional quasi-Yagi antenna fabricated on a low dielectric permittivity substrate is that the length of the driver is increased and it is difficult to achieve 0.5 λ0 spacing between the elements required for scanning arrays, where λ0 corresponds to a free-space wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna.
Cytokeratin 20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma is infrequently associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma most commonly seen in sun-damaged skin. Histologically, the tumor consists of primitive round cells with fine chromatin and numerous mitoses. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrate expression of neuroendocrine markers. In addition, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in ∼95% of cases. In 2008, Merkel cell carcinoma was shown to be associated with a virus now known as Merkel cell polyomavirus in ∼80% of cases. Prognostic and mechanistic differences between Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive and Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma may exist. There has been the suggestion that CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinomas less frequently harbor Merkel cell polyomavirus, but a systematic investigation for Merkel cell polyomavirus incidence in CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma has not been done. To test the hypothesis that Merkel cell polyomavirus is less frequently associated with CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma, we investigated 13 CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinomas from the files of the Cleveland Clinic and the University of Michigan for the virus. The presence or absence of Merkel cell polyomavirus was determined by quantitative PCR performed for Large T and small T antigens, with sequencing of PCR products to confirm the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus. Ten of these (77%) were negative for Merkel cell polyomavirus and three (23%) were positive for Merkel cell polyomavirus. Merkel cell polyomavirus is less common in CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma. Larger series and clinical follow-up may help to determine whether CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma is mechanistically and prognostically unique.
Strategic leadership of ethical behavior in business

Executive Overview The strategic leadership of ethical behavior in business can no longer be ignored. Executives must accept the fact that the moral impact of their leadership presence and behaviors will rarely, if ever, be neutral. In the leadership capacity, executives have great power to shift the ethics mindfulness of organizational members in positive as well as negative directions. Rather than being left to chance, this power to serve as ethics leaders must be used to establish a social context within which positive self-regulation of ethical behavior becomes a clear and compelling organizational norm and in which people act ethically as a matter of routine. This article frames the responsibility for strategic leadership of ethical behavior on three premises: (1) It must be done—a stakeholder analysis of the total costs of ethical failures confirms the urgency for ethics change; (2) It can be done—exemplars show that a compelling majority of an organization’s membership can be influenced to make ethical choices; (3) It is sustainable—integrity programs help build and confirm corporate cultures in which principled actions and ethics norms predominate. ........................................................................................................................................................................
Development, dimensions, reliability and validity of the novel Manchester COPD fatigue scale.

INTRODUCTION
Fatigue is a prominent symptom in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and it has distinctive features; however, there is a need for a robust scale to measure fatigue in COPD.


METHODS
At baseline, 122 patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) 52%, women 38%, mean age 66 years) completed a pilot fatigue scale covering a pool of 57 items and underwent a range of tests, including indicators of mood and a short general fatigue questionnaire. All patients responded to the 57-item scale and it was readministered to a subset of 30 patients. The pilot scale was first subjected to constructive validated shortening steps and then to a principal components analysis.


RESULTS
The Manchester COPD fatigue scale (MCFS) consists of 27 items, loading into three dimensions: physical, cognitive and psychosocial fatigue. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97) and test-retest repeatability (r = 0.97, p<0.001) were tested. It had significant convergent validity, correlating with the FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) fatigue scale and the fatigue in Borg scale at baseline and after a 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) test (r = -0.81, 0.53 and 0.63, respectively, p<0.001). Its scores were associated with BODE, SGRQ (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire) and MRC (Medical Research Council) dyspnoea scores (r = 0.46, 0.8 and 0.51, respectively, p<0.001). The scale demonstrated meaningful discriminating ability; patients who walked <350 m in a 6MWD test as well as depressed patients (>or=16 scores in the Center for Epidemiologic Study on Depression (CES-D) scale) had nearly twice as high fatigue scores as those who walked >or=350 m or were not depressed (p<0.001).


CONCLUSION
The MCFS provides a simple, reliable and valid measurement of total and dimensional fatigue in moderate stable COPD.
Sequential Neural Models with Stochastic Layers

: • SRNNs achieve state-of-the-art for speech. • Music data requires simpler SRNN architecture. Achieved 2% better than original Piano ELBO using small SRNN. • Replication results for Muse, Nottingham and JSB Chorales are within 18% of ELBO for original results. Replication achieved 8% improvement for Piano data. • Decreasing z increases ELBO. Negligible effect on ELBO by changing a, d and s. • Small dimensional SRNN achieves similar ELBO to replication. Improved performance for Piano and JSB Chorales. • Combining datasets for training and validation achieved 2% improvement of ELBO on Piano dataset compared to the paper’s results. Discussion
CASIA Online and Offline Chinese Handwriting Databases

This paper introduces a pair of online and offline Chinese handwriting databases, containing samples of isolated characters and handwritten texts. The samples were produced by 1,020 writers using Anoto pen on papers for obtaining both online trajectory data and offline images. Both the online samples and offline samples are divided into six datasets, three for isolated characters (DB1.0-C1.2) and three for handwritten texts (DB2.0-C2.2). The (either online or offline) datasets of isolated characters contain about 3.9 million samples of 7,356 classes (7,185 Chinese characters and 171 symbols), and the datasets of handwritten texts contain about 5,090 pages and 1.35 million character samples. Each dataset is segmented and annotated at character level, and is partitioned into standard training and test subsets. The online and offline databases can be used for the research of various handwritten document analysis tasks.
What is the regulatory science? Concept and history in United States and in Japan │ Interview with Professor Sheila Jasanoff │ *

Background:The termregulatory sciencewas proposed in Japan by Uchiyama in 1987 and analytically reviewed in English literature in 1996. On the other hand, in the United States (US), one of the earliest uses of the term in analytical literature was by Jasanoff in 1990, in her book The Fifth Branch. Objectives:The objective of this interview is to clarify the beginning, history, and meaning of the term �regulatory sciencein the US as compared to Japan. Findings:Through this interview we found the following: (1) In US, Jasanoff first proposed the concept of regulatory science in an analytical way, though there may be some isolated mentions before; (2) to say Weinberg is the founder of this concept is wrong, as he proposed the concept oftrans-scienceto refer to the policy-relevant fields for which scientists have no answer, whereas the termregulatory sciencerefers to science generated to give answer to political questions; (3) in US, regulatory science is discussed in relation to all policy areas requiring scientific knowledge for their resolution, whereas in Japan it is discussed mainly in the field of pharmaceutical development.; (4) in US, regulatory science is not considered the same as policy science, whereas in Japan policy studies, such as regulation or guideline development, is included inregulatory science�; (5) science studies scholars in the US see regulatory science itself as including some subjectivity and hence as needing criticism in order to reveal the sources of possible bias, whereas Japanese opinion tends to regard scientific knowledge as generated objectively.
Management of cardiovascular disease risk in chronic inflammatory disorders

Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders are at increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the effects of inflammatory pathways on the vasculature, clear guidelines on the management of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic autoimmunity are lacking. Thus, rigorous studies assessing the individual contributions of the various treatments used in autoimmune disorders, as well as their effects on atherosclerosis development in these conditions, are needed. Furthermore, effective screening methods are needed to identify those patients with inflammatory disease who are at the highest risk for atherosclerotic complications, and who would benefit from early intervention. There is a clear need for a unifying explanation of the factors that promote premature cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, ongoing advances in the understanding of immune-mediated vascular damage mean that we are edging closer to the development of disease-specific preventive strategies to ameliorate or abrogate premature cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Clinical and immunohistochemical features associated with a response to bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE
Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease with heterogeneous clinical behavior. Bortezomib has offered some patients with relapsed and refractory disease an opportunity for prolonged survival. However, there remains a paucity of data in patients treated with bortezomib that accurately delineates and identifies such patients. This information is crucial to guide management.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
In this study, we aimed to identify the patients most likely to respond to bortezomib salvage therapy. We analyzed the baseline clinical variables and profiled the baseline expression of a broad range of immunohistochemical markers of cell cycle activity, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in a large cohort of multiply relapsed myeloma patients recruited to one of two prospective multicentre trials assessing the efficacy of bortezomib salvage therapy.


RESULTS
Using the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation criteria, response (complete or partial) to bortezomib salvage therapy was associated with a previous history of complete response to alternative antimyeloma treatment. Patients who expressed cyclin D1 were more likely to achieve a response. In contrast, patients who expressed p16(INK4A), cytoplasmic p53, and the highest intensity of Bcl-2 staining had a poor response. Patients who achieved a response to bortezomib and those patients who expressed cyclin D1 at baseline showed a significant survival advantage. Patients who expressed FGFR3, a poor prognostic marker, responded equally well and had similar outcomes with bortezomib compared with FGFR3-negative patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Baseline clinical variables and selective immunohistochemical markers expressed by patients may be used effectively to identify patients that are most likely to achieve a meaningful clinical response to bortezomib salvage therapy.
Wavelength management in time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs)

Time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) is one of the most promising candidates of the next generation optical access system beyond 10Gb/s. The TWDM-PON system stacks multiple 10Gigabit PONs (XG-PONs) by employing tunable transmitters and tunable receivers at ONUs. In the TWDM-PON media access control (MAC) layer, wavelength management becomes a critical issue of resource sharing and assignment. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to manage multiple wavelengths in the TWDM-PON system. We also model this problem by using multiprocessor scheduling analysis. Two types of heuristic algorithms have been proposed to relax the NP-hard complexity problem and promote online implementation. A TWDM-PON prototype system has been built to evaluate its performance. The proposed two algorithms have been implemented in the prototype system to test their wavelength tuning cost and load balancing capability. Analysis and test demonstrate salient results. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first work of implementing the multiple wavelength management mechanism in an actual TWDM-PON prototype system, and the reported results in this paper benefit the ongoing next generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) research and standards efforts.
Economic Cost and Burden of Dengue in the Philippines

Dengue, the world's most important mosquito-borne viral disease, is endemic in the Philippines. During 2008-2012, the country's Department of Health reported an annual average of 117,065 dengue cases, placing the country fourth in dengue burden in southeast Asia. This study estimates the country's annual number of dengue episodes and their economic cost. Our comparison of cases between active and passive surveillance in Punta Princesa, Cebu City yielded an expansion factor of 7.2, close to the predicted value (7.0) based on the country's health system. We estimated an annual average of 842,867 clinically diagnosed dengue cases, with direct medical costs (in 2012 US dollars) of $345 million ($3.26 per capita). This is 54% higher than an earlier estimate without Philippines-specific costs. Ambulatory settings treated 35% of cases (representing 10% of direct costs), whereas inpatient hospitals served 65% of cases (representing 90% of direct costs). The economic burden of dengue in the Philippines is substantial.
Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations ∗

We study how external versus internal innovations promote economic growth through a tractable endogenous growth framework with multiple innovation sizes, multi-product firms, and entry/exit. Firms invest in external R&D to acquire new product lines and in internal R&D to improve their existing product lines. A baseline model derives the theoretical implications of weaker scaling for external R&D versus internal R&D, and the resulting predictions align with observed empirical regularities for innovative firms. Quantifying a generalized model for the recent U.S. economy using matched Census Bureau and patent data, we observe a modest departure for external R&D from perfect scaling frameworks. JEL Classification: O31, O33, O41, L16.
What do we mean by the term “talent” in talent management?

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to consider the ways the notion of ‘‘talent’’ has developed over many years, both historically and linguistically, in a number of European and non-European languages and in use in organisations, and its use in talent management. Design/methodology/approach – The information was gained from a literature review of key reports on talent management and a major review of ten organisations across sectors and by interviewing over 100 individuals involved in talent management programmes in the UK and abroad. Holden and Tansley also conducted a philological analysis of the word ‘‘talent’’ from both an historical and a linguistic-comparative perspective analysing publications by consultancies and articles in the management press considering both literal (denotative) definitions and metaphoric (connotative) associations of the term talent in English, noting contrasting usages of the word in other languages. Findings – There is no single or universal contemporary definition of ‘‘talent’’ in any one language; there are different organisational perspectives of talent. Current meanings of talent tend to be specific to an organisation and highly influenced by the nature of the work undertaken. A shared organisational language for talent is important. There is high level of influence of management consultants in the development of the term in managing people with unique knowledge and skills. Practical implications – Organisational talent, in order that it can be identified and developed, must be visible, stimulated and nurtured, and the first step to this is to have an agreed organisational definition of talent. Social implications – Talent management that only recognises a narrow definition of talent negatively impacts on the full utilisation of a nation’s talents. Originality/value – There are no other articles currently published which attempt to define talent from such a historical, linguistic, organisational and individual perspective.
Current research trends in variants of Electrical Discharge Machining: A review

Present manufacturing industries are facing challenges from these advanced materials viz. super alloys, ceramics, and composites, that are hard and difficult to machine, requiring high precision, surface quality which increases machining cost. To meet these challenges, non-conventional machining processes are being employed to achieve higher metal removal rate, better surface finish and greater dimensional accuracy, with less tool wear. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), a non-conventional process, has a wide applications in automotive, defense, aerospace and micro systems industries plays an excellent role in the development of least cost products with more reliable quality assurance. Die sinking EDM, Rotating pin electrode (RPE), Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), MicroEDM, Dry EDM, Rotary disk electrode electrical discharge machining (RDE-EDM) are some of the variants methods of EDM. The present paper review the state of the art technology of high-performance machining of advanced materials using Die Sinking EDM, WEDM, Micro-EDM, Dry EDM AND RDE-EDM. The review relies on notable academic publications and recent conference proceedings.
Pose Flow: Efficient Online Pose Tracking

Multi-person articulated pose tracking in unconstrained videos is an important while challenging problem. In this paper, going along the road of top-down approaches, we propose a decent and efficient pose tracker based on pose flows. First, we design an online optimization framework to build the association of cross-frame poses and form pose flows (PF-Builder). Second, a novel pose flow non-maximum suppression (PFNMS) is designed to robustly reduce redundant pose flows and re-link temporal disjoint ones. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly outperforms best reported results on two standard Pose Tracking datasets ( [13] and [8]) by 13 mAP 25 MOTA and 6 mAP 3 MOTA respectively. Moreover, in the case of working on detected poses in individual frames, the extra computation of pose tracker is very minor, guaranteeing online 10FPS tracking. Our source codes are made publicly available at https://github.com/YuliangXiu/PoseFlow.