LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dynamics: biology and therapy in lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION
Lung cancer mortality rates remain at unacceptably high levels. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of most tumor types, mitochondrial dynamics are often overlooked. Altered rates of mitochondrial fission and fusion are observed in lung cancer and can influence metabolic function, proliferation and cell survival.


AREAS COVERED
In this review, the authors outline the mechanisms of mitochondrial fission and fusion. They also identify key regulatory proteins and highlight the roles of fission and fusion in metabolism and other cellular functions (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis) with an emphasis on lung cancer and the interaction with known cancer biomarkers. They also examine the current therapeutic strategies reported as altering mitochondrial dynamics and review emerging mitochondria-targeted therapies.


EXPERT OPINION
Mitochondrial dynamics are an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in lung cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction, despite its molecular heterogeneity, is a common abnormality of lung cancer. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics can alter mitochondrial metabolism, and many current therapies already non-specifically affect mitochondrial dynamics. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamics and their interaction with currently identified cancer 'drivers' such as Kirsten-Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene homolog will lead to the development of novel therapeutics.
Current practice in the management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE
To outline the current practice in the management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the United Kingdom.


METHODS
A postal questionnaire designed to include various clinical scenarios was sent out to the 321 orthopaedic surgeons in the United Kingdom who, being affiliated to one of the specialist societies of the British Orthopaedic Association, namely the British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK) or the British Orthopaedic Sports Trauma Association (BOSTA), have a manifested interest in treating such injuries.


RESULTS
The response rate was 60% (192/321). Most surgeons diagnose and operate on less than 50 ACL injuries a year. The following results were obtained: 58% (76/132) use bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts, whereas 33% (44/132) use semitendinosis/gracilis autografts; 84% (108/129) would not incorporate the ACL remnant in the reconstruction; 14% (19/135) would perform an ACL reconstruction in an 8 year child with an acute rupture; 30% (42/141) would perform an ACL reconstruction in a 14 year old with an acute ACL rupture.


CONCLUSIONS
There is wide variation in the management of acute and chronic ACL injuries among orthopaedic surgeons in the British Isles. Future research and randomised controlled trials should address the issues that this investigation has raised.
Genetic diversity assessment of sesame core collection in China by phenotype and molecular markers and extraction of a mini-core collection

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the four major oil crops in China. A sesame core collection (CC) was established in China in 2000, but no complete study on its genetic diversity has been carried out at either the phenotypic or molecular level. To provide technical guidance, a theoretical basis for further collection, effective protection, reasonable application, and a complete analysis of sesame genetic resources, a genetic diversity assessment of the sesame CC in China was conducted using phenotypic and molecular data and by extracting a sesame mini-core collection (MC). Results from a genetic diversity assessment of sesame CC in China were significantly inconsistent at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A Mantel test revealed the insignificant correlation between phenotype and molecular marker information (r = 0.0043, t = 0.1320, P = 0.5525). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (I) and Nei genetic diversity index (h) were higher (I = 0.9537, h = 0.5490) when calculated using phenotypic data from the CC than when using molecular data (I = 0.3467, h = 0.2218). A mini-core collection (MC) containing 184 accessions was extracted based on both phenotypic and molecular data, with a low mean difference percentage (MD, 1.64%), low variance difference percentage (VD, 22.58%), large variable rate of coefficient of variance (VR, 114.86%), and large coincidence rate of range (CR, 95.76%). For molecular data, the diversity indices and the polymorphism information content (PIC) for the MC were significantly higher than for the CC. Compared to an alternative random sampling strategy, the advantages of capturing genetic diversity and validation by extracting a MC using an advanced maximization strategy were proven. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the phenotypic and molecular genetic diversities of the sesame CC in China. A MC was extracted using both phenotypic and molecular data. Low MD% and VD%, and large VR% and CR% suggested that the MC provides a good representation of the genetic diversity of the original CC. The MC was more genetically diverse with higher diversity indices and a higher PIC value than the CC. A MC may aid in reasonably and efficiently selecting materials for sesame breeding and for genotypic biological studies, and may also be used as a population for association mapping in sesame.
Optimizing CIGB-300 intralesional delivery in locally advanced cervical cancer

Background:We conducted a phase 1 trial in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by injecting 0.5 ml of the CK2-antagonist CIGB-300 in two different sites on tumours to assess tumour uptake, safety, pharmacodynamic activity and identify the recommended dose.Methods:Fourteen patients were treated with intralesional injections containing 35 or 70 mg of CIGB-300 in three alternate cycles of three consecutive days each before standard chemoradiotherapy. Tumour uptake was determined using 99Tc-radiolabelled peptide. In situ B23/nucleophosmin was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:Maximum tumour uptake for CIGB-300 70-mg dose was significantly higher than the one observed for 35 mg: 16.1±8.9 vs 31.3±12.9 mg (P=0.01). Both, AUC24h and biological half-life were also significantly higher using 70 mg of CIGB-300 (P<0.001). Unincorporated CIGB-300 diffused rapidly to blood and was mainly distributed towards kidneys, and marginally in liver, lungs, heart and spleen. There was no DLT and moderate allergic-like reactions were the most common systemic side effect with strong correlation between unincorporated CIGB-300 and histamine levels in blood. CIGB-300, 70 mg, downregulated B23/nucleophosmin (P=0.03) in tumour specimens.Conclusion:Intralesional injections of 70 mg CIGB-300 in two sites (0.5 ml per injection) and this treatment plan are recommended to be evaluated in phase 2 studies.
Robust Adaptation in Impulsive Noise

The popular least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm for adaptive filtering is nonrobust against impulsive noise in the measurements. The presence of this type of noise degrades the transient and steady-state performance of the algorithm. Since the distribution of the impulsive noise is generally unknown, a robust semi-parametric approach to adaptive filtering is warranted, where the output error nonlinearity is adapted jointly with the parameter of interest. In this paper, a robust adaptive filtering algorithm is developed that effectively learns and tracks the output error distribution to improve estimation performance. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed mathematically and validated experimentally.
Brand in the hand : A cross-market investigation of consumer acceptance of mobile marketing

Coinciding with the widespread adoption of 3G and 4G smartphones among consumers, mobile marketing has increasingly become a staple tactic in brands’ advertising and promotional efforts. Target, Ralph Lauren, Dunkin Donuts, Starbucks, Volkswagen, Chanel, FIFA, and Puma represent just a few consumer brands from the United States, Europe, and Asia that have begun to aggressively adopt untethered mobile marketing platforms to forge closer and more relevant connections with specific audiences. In the U.S. alone, companies’ spending on mobile advertising and promotions and their ability to deliver brands to consumers is forecast to grow approximately 600% from $9.3 billion in 2010 to $56.5 billion by 2015 (Marketing Charts, 2011). Business Horizons (2012) 55, 485—493
The Object Group Design Pattern

This paper describes \Object Group", an object behav-ioral pattern for group communication and fault-tolerance in distributed systems. The Object Group pattern supports the implementation of replicated objects, of load sharing, and of eecient multicast communication over protocols such as IP-multicast or UDP-broadcast. Application areas of the pattern are fault-tolerant client/server systems, groupware and parallel text retrieval engines. Events within an Object Group honor the Virtual Syn-chrony model. With Virtual Synchrony, the size of an object group can be varied at run-time while client applications are interacting with the group. A replicated state remains consistent in spite of objects entering and leaving the group dynamically and in spite of failures. The Object Group pattern has been implemented in the Electra and in the Orbix+Isis CORBA Object Request Broker. 1 Intent The Object Group design pattern provides a local surrogate for a group of objects distributed across networked machines. The members of an object group have a consistent view of which other objects are also part of the group and are notiied of objects joining and leaving the group. The pattern also provides a high-level, object oriented interface to low-level multicast facilities such as Ethernet, ATM, UDP-broadcast and IP-multicast.
Physicians' preferences for bone metastases drug therapy in the United States.

OBJECTIVE
Several characteristics of bone-targeted agents are considered when making treatment decisions. This study evaluated physicians' therapy preferences for preventing skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases secondary to solid tumors.


METHODS
A Web-enabled, discrete-choice experiment online survey was conducted among physicians who treated patients with bone metastases and solid tumors in the United States. Respondents chose between pairs of hypothetical medications defined by combinations of six attributes at varying levels for two hypothetical patients. Preference weights for attribute levels were estimated using a random-parameters logit model.


RESULTS
In total, 200 physicians completed the survey. Their mean age was 52 years, 57% were in practice for more than 15 years, 37% were oncologists, and 65% treated 10 or fewer patients with bone metastases weekly. Out-of-pocket cost to patients was the most important attribute overall. Among clinical outcomes, time to first SRE and risk of renal impairment were the most important attributes. Statistically significant preferences were observed for all attribute levels for time to first SRE, risk of renal impairment, and mode of administration. Predicted choice probability analysis showed that physicians preferred a hypothetical medication with attributes similar to those of denosumab over one with attributes similar to those of zoledronic acid.


CONCLUSIONS
Physicians indicated that clinical attributes are important when considering bone-targeting therapy for bone metastases, but consistent with the current health care landscape, patient out-of-pocket cost was the most important. With health care costs being increasingly shifted to patients, physicians require accurate information about co-pays and assistance programs to avoid patients receiving less costly, yet potentially inferior, treatment.
Novel Architecture for LTE World-Phones

The 4th Generation of mobile communications (4G) came with new challenges on the antenna bandwidth and on the front-end architecture of mobile phones. This letter proposes a novel architecture overcoming these challenges. It includes narrowband tunable antennas, co-designed with a tunable front rnd (FE). Simulations and measurements demonstrate the concept for low and high bands of the LTE frequency spectrum.
A universal completion of the ZX-calculus

In this paper, we give a universal completion of the ZX-calculus for the whole of pure qubit quantum mechanics. This proof is based on the completeness of another graphical language: the ZW-calculus, with direct translations between these two graphical systems.
Impaired immune response to voluntary arm-crank ergometer exercise in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

Study design:Non-randomized study.Objective:The mechanism underlying exercise-induced argumentation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity (NKCA) in humans remains unclear. To address this, NKCA responses were studied during and after exercise in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and dysfunctional sympathetic nervous system.Setting:Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center for Employment Injuries.Methods:We examined the NKCA responses to 20-min arm-crank ergometer exercise at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption in eight persons with CSCI (between C6 and C7) and six able-bodied subjects. NKCA, adrenaline, and cortisol were measured before, immediately after exercise, 1 h after exercise, and 2 h after exercise.Results:In able-bodied subjects, NKCA increased immediately after exercise (P<0.01) and then decreased to below the pre-exercise level 1 h after exercise, before recovering to the baseline level at 2 h after exercise. Plasma adrenaline concentrations increased significantly immediately after exercise (P<0.01) and returned to the baseline level 1 h after exercise. The plasma cortisol level did not change throughout the study. In contrast, NKCA, plasma concentrations of adrenaline, and cortisol did not change throughout the study in subjects with CSCI.Conclusion:In subjects with CSCI, the lack of response in NKCA throughout the experiment is probably mainly due to a dysfunctional sympathetic nervous system.
Advances in the Theory and Practice of Graph Drawing

The visualization of conceptual structures is a key component of support tools for complex applications in science and engineering. Foremost among the visual representations used are drawings of graphs and ordered sets. In this talk, we survey recent advances in the theory and practice of graph drawing. Specific topics include bounds and tradeoffs for drawing properties. tlrlce-dimensional Icpt-ebentations, methods fur constraint satisfaction, and enptlr imental studieb. @ 1999-Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved Kq~~vords: Graph drawing; 3D drawings; Constraints; Experiments
Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We sought to modify existing sex-specific health risk appraisal functions (profile functions) for the prediction of first stroke that better assess the effects of the use of antihypertensive medication.


METHODS
Health risk appraisal functions were previously developed from the Framingham Study cohort. These functions were Cox proportional hazards regression models relating age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram, and the use of antihypertensive medication to the occurrence of stroke. Closer examination of the data indicated that antihypertensive therapy effect is present only for systolic blood pressures between 110 and 200 mm Hg. Adjustments to the regressions to better fit the observed data were developed and tested for statistical significance and goodness-of-fit of the model residuals.


RESULTS
Modified functions more consistent with the data were developed, and, from these, tables to evaluate 10-year risk of first stroke were computed.


CONCLUSIONS
The stroke profile can be used for evaluation of the risk of stroke and suggestion of risk factor modification to reduce risk. The effect of antihypertensive therapy in the evaluation of stroke risk can now be better evaluated.
vSked: an interactive visual schedule system for use in classrooms for children with autism

Children with autism often experience substantial challenges in understanding, structuring, and predicting the activities in their daily lives. The use of symbols to represent a series of activities, also known as visual schedules, have been shown to be an effective intervention technique for helping individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In this paper, we describe the design and technical architecture for vSked, an interactive visual scheduling tool that allows group interactivity with content generated through end-user programming. We also outline a scenario that demonstrates how vSked extends the benefits of traditional visual schedules through both interactivity and automatic logging of use. This scenario also indicates the type of experience a user might have during a demonstration session.
Lip detection for audio-visual speech recognition in-car environment

Acoustically, car cabins are extremely noisy and as a consequence audio-only, in-car voice recognition systems perform poorly. As the visual modality is immune to acoustic noise, using the visual lip information from the driver is seen as a viable strategy in circumventing this problem by using audio visual automatic speech recognition (AVASR). However, implementing AVASR requires a system being able to accurately locate and track the drivers face and lip area in real-time. In this paper we present such an approach using the Viola-Jones algorithm. Using the AVICAR [1] in-car database, we show that the Viola- Jones approach is a suitable method of locating and tracking the driver's lips despite the visual variability of illumination and head pose for audio-visual speech recognition system.
Decreased conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 following cholecalciferol therapy in patients with CKD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Elevated concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are postulated to promote 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) insufficiency in CKD by stimulating 24-hydroxylation of this metabolite, leading to its subsequent degradation; however, prospective human studies testing this relationship are lacking.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
An open-label prospective study was conducted from October 2010 through July 2012 to compare the effect of 8 weeks of oral cholecalciferol therapy (50,000 IU twice weekly) on the production of 24,25(OH)2D3 in vitamin D-insufficient patients with CKD (n=15) and controls with normal kidney function (n=15). Vitamin D metabolites were comprehensively profiled at baseline and after treatment, along with FGF23 and other mineral metabolism parameters.


RESULTS
Vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations increased equivalently in the CKD and control groups following cholecalciferol treatment (median D3 change, 8.6 ng/ml [interquartile range, 3.9-25.6 ng/ml] for controls versus 12.6 ng/ml [6.9-41.2 ng/ml] for CKD [P=0.15]; 25(OH)D3 change, 39.2 ng/ml [30.9-47.2 ng/ml] for controls versus 39.9 ng/ml [31.5-44.1 ng/ml] for CKD [P=0.58]). Likewise, the absolute increase in 1α,25(OH)2D3 was similar between CKD participants and controls (change, 111.2 pg/ml [64.3-141.6 pg/ml] for controls versus 101.1 pg/ml [74.2-123.1 pg/ml] for CKD; P=0.38). Baseline and post-treatment 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were lower in the CKD group; moreover, the absolute increase in 24,25(OH)2D3 after therapy was markedly smaller in patients with CKD (change, 2.8 ng/ml [2.3-3.5 ng/ml] for controls versus 1.2 ng/ml [0.6-1.9 ng/ml] for patients with CKD; P<0.001). Furthermore, higher baseline FGF23 concentrations were associated with smaller increments in 24,25(OH)2D3 for individuals with CKD; this association was negated after adjustment for eGFR by multivariate analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with CKD exhibit an altered ability to increase serum 24,25(OH)2D3 after cholecalciferol therapy, suggesting decreased 24-hydroxylase activity in CKD. The observed relationship between baseline FGF23 and increments in 24,25(OH)2D3 further refutes the idea that FGF23 directly contributes to 25(OH)D insufficiency in CKD through stimulation of 24-hydroxylase activity.
Paleoclimate and paleoceanography over the past 20,000 yr in the Mediterranean Sea Basins as indicated by sediment elemental proxies

Marine sediments record paleoenvironmental changes over time through variations in major and trace element concentrations. The main objective of this paper is to review such changes in the Mediterranean Sea basins over the last 20 ka, using the inorganic chemistry and mineralogy of marine sediment records. Elemental ratio proxies that are mostly used are discussed, and the uncertainties involved in using them for paleoclimate and paleoceanographic reconstructions are evaluated. The focus on the Mediterranean region is based on the sensitivity of this region to global climate changes due to its semi-enclosed nature. The elemental ratios that have been particularly useful for reconstructing terrigenous inputs into the Mediterranean have been Ti/Al and Zr/Al ratios as proxies for eolian dust input, and Mg/Al, K/Al and Rb/Al ratios as proxies for fluvial input. Redox sensitive elements (e.g., U, Mo, V, Co, Ni, Cr) have provided reliable reconstructions of oxygen conditions at the time of deposition. Some of these elements are also particularly susceptible to post-depositional remobilization and record diagenetic processes instead of the original environmental signatures. Regarding productivity fluctuations, most of the paleoproductivity reconstructions are based on the abundance of barite and Ba excess algorithms. The biogeochemistry of Ba is, however, not fully understood and mechanisms for barite precipitation in the water column are not yet known. Two case studies are presented: the eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1 (deposited between 10.8 and 6.1 cal ka BP) and the westernmost Mediterranean paleoclimate record over the last 20 ka. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Alternative strategies for stroke care: cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses from a prospective randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although stroke units reduce mortality and institutionalization, their comparative cost-effectiveness is unknown.


METHODS
Healthcare, social services, and informal care costs were compared for 447 acute stroke patients randomly assigned to stroke unit, stroke team, or domiciliary stroke care. Prospective and retrospective methods were used to identify resource use over 12 months after stroke onset. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were undertaken.


RESULTS
Mean healthcare and social care costs over 12 months were 11 450 pounds sterling for stroke unit, 9527 pounds sterling for stroke team, and 6840 pounds sterling for domiciliary care. More than half the costs were for the initial episode of care. Institutionalization was a large proportion of follow-up costs. Inclusion of informal care increased costs considerably. When informal care was excluded, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per percentage point in deaths or institutionalizations avoided in the first year was 496 pounds sterling for the stroke unit over domiciliary care; incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year quality-adjusted life year gained was 64 097 pounds sterling between these 2 groups. The stroke team was dominated by domiciliary care.


CONCLUSIONS
Cost perspectives, especially those related to long-term and informal care, are important when stroke services are evaluated. Improved health outcomes in the stroke unit come at a higher cost.
Complementary pivoting and the Hopf Degree Theorem

Abstract We describe a combinatorial process for the extension of triangulations and integer labeling functions. Together with a discussion of topological degree via completely labeled simplices our result yields an elementary proof of the Hopf Degree Theorem. A further application of our techniques will provide a regularization result, similar to theorems of H. Hopf and B. O'Neill.