LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intradetrusor versus suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injections for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a pilot study

Study design:This was a multicentre, prospective, randomised study.Objectives:To compare the outcomes of intradetrusor and suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injections in patients with spinal cord injury and refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).Setting:Urology departments of two tertiary hospitals in the Czech Republic.Methods:A total of 32 spinal cord injury patients with severe NDO refractory to the standard anticholinergic treatment were randomised to receive either intradetrusor or suburothelial 300 IU onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Subjective satisfaction, bladder diary data and urodynamic data were compared in both groups before treatment and at 3 months post treatment.Results:In all, 64.3% patients in the intradetrusor group and 88.8% patients in the suburothelial group were subjectively satisfied with the treatment. There was a significant post-treatment improvement in both groups regarding the number of catheterisations over 24 h, number of incontinence episodes over 24 h, catheterised volume, cystometric capacity, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction, maximal detrusor pressure during filling and detrusor compliance. No significant differences between the groups were observed, with the exception of improvement of detrusor compliance, which was better in the intradetrusor group. There was one adverse effect comprising transient muscle weakness that was reported by one patient in the intradetrusor group.Conclusion:Results in both groups were comparable. The authors favour suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injection because this method allows more precise toxin localisation.
Clinoptilolite for Treatment of Dyslipidemia: Preliminary Efficacy Study.

OBJECTIVES
A tribomechanically activated clinoptilolite (natural aluminosilicate mineral) has been used to increase growth in meat-producing animals, as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, and a heavy metal remover in humans. Because of its unique cation exchanging and chelating properties, we hypothesized that clinoptilolite may be beneficial for the treatment of dyslipidemia in the manner similar to bile acid sequestrants. Thus, specific aims of this pilot study were to orally administer clinoptilolite in different doses and granule size combinations to determine magnitude and time profile of changes in blood lipids.


DESIGN
A phase I/IIa prospective, open-label, uncontrolled, dose/granule size-ranging study (treatment phase 8 weeks, follow-up 6 weeks). Blood lipids were examined every 2 weeks.


SETTINGS
Outpatient clinic of a university-affiliated hospital.


SUBJECTS
Forty-one subjects (all white, mean age 57.6 ± 6.8 years, 17 women) with blood lipids above the normative limits divided into three groups.


INTERVENTION
A tribomechanically activated clinoptilolite was administered in three dose/grind combinations: 6 g/day of fine grind (6gF), 6 g/day of coarse grind (6gC), and 9 g/day of coarse grind (9gC).


OUTCOME MEASURES
Blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglycerides (TG).


RESULTS
For the 3 groups combined, all lipid fractions significantly improved after 8 weeks of treatment (20-25%, p < 0.001), which reversed to baseline after 6 weeks of clinoptilolite withdrawal. Early (week 2) and the most pronounced decrease in TC and LDLc was observed in the 6gF group (19% and 23% in week 8, respectively), with no difference in HDLc and TG between the three dose/grind groups. No side effects were reported.


CONCLUSIONS
These pilot results suggest that oral administration of clinoptilolite may improve lipid profile in individuals with dyslipidemia, which warrants further investigations.
Wells on Engineering Design

THIS book is intended for the use of engineering students in schools and colleges, and as a text-book for examinations in which a knowledge of practical geometry and machine drawing is required. The author says in the preface that the chief reason which has led to its preparation is that during the time he was engaged in teaching on the engineering side of Dulwich College, he found it impossible to obtain a suitable text-book.Engineering Drawing and Design.By Sydney H. Wells In Two Parts. (London: Chas. Griffin and Co., Ltd., 1893.)
Image stabilization algorithms for video-surveillance applications

In this paper‘, an image-stabilization algorithm is presented thot is specifically oriented toward video-surveillance applications. The proposed approach is based on a novel motioncompensation method that is an adaptation of a well-known image-stabilization algorithm for visualization purposes to video-surveillance applications. In particular, the illustrated methods take into account the specificity of typical videosurveillance applications, where objects moving in a scene ofen cover a large part of an image thus causing the failure of classic image-stabilization techniques. In the second part of the paper, evaluation methods for image stabilization algorithms are discussed.
The bone marrow at the crossroads of blood and immunity

Progenitor cells that are the basis for all blood cell production share the bone marrow with more mature elements of the adaptive immune system. Specialized niches within the bone marrow guide and, at times, constrain the development of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and lineage-restricted immune progenitor cells. Specific niche components are organized into distinct domains to create a diversified landscape in which specialized cell differentiation or population expansion programmes proceed. Local cues that reflect the tissue and organismal state affect cellular interactions to alter the production of a range of cell types. Here, we review the organization of regulatory elements in the bone marrow and discuss how these elements provide a dynamic means for the host to modulate stem cell and adaptive immune cell responses to physiological challenges.
The lunar laser communications demonstration

The Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration represents NASA's first attempt to demonstrate optical communications from a lunar orbiting spacecraft to an Earth-based ground receiver. A low size, weight and power optical terminal will be integrated onto the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft, presently scheduled to launch in 2013. LLCD will demonstrate duplex optical communications between this small space terminal and a multi-aperture photon-counting ground terminal at downlink data rates of up to 622 Mbps and uplink data rates of up to 20 Mbps.
Exploring the relationship between web accessibility and user experience

Understanding the interplay between the user experience (UX) and Web accessibility is key to design Web sites that, beyond access, could provide a better UX for people with disabilities. In this paper we examine the relationship between UX attributes and Web accessibility. We measured accessibility in two ways: the perceived accessibility as reported by participants and accessibility in terms of conformance to guidelines. Findings uncover that perceived Web accessibility is significantly correlated with 27 of the 35 UX attributes analysed, suggesting these two qualities are closely related. The relationship between UX and conformance to WCAG 2.0 is more elusive: we only found significant correlations between the hedonic attributes original, innovative and exciting.
Some computational aspects of metric fixed-point theory

Abstract We show how bounds on asymptotic regularity for nonexpansive functions can effectively be converted into certain bounds on the convergence towards a fixed point.
Nonlocal Neural Networks, Nonlocal Diffusion and Nonlocal Modeling

contrast, the proposed nonlocal network is more robust to the number of blocks. When employing the same number of nonlocal blocks, the proposed model consistently performs better than the original one. Moreover, the proposed model also reduces the computational cost because the affinity function can be pre-assigned in a nonlocal stage. Although the two formulations of nonlocal blocks appear similar, they are different in essence. Figure 4 shows the top 32 eigenvalues of the symmetric part of weight matrices after training when adding 4 new nonlocal blocks to PreResNet-20, where we can see that most of the eigenvalues are positive. In the following section, we will show that the formulation of new nonlocal blocks is exactly the nonlocal analogue of local diffusion with positive coefficients. In addition, one can observe from Table 1 and Table 2 that adding too many proposed nonlocal blocks reduces the performance. A potential reason is that all the nonlocal blocks in a stage share the same affinity function, which is pre-computed given the input features. Therefore, the kernel function cannot precisely describe the affinity between pairs of features after many sub-blocks. Note that in [25], the nonlocal blocks are always added individually in each fixed place of ResNets. We also compare the two nonlocal networks in the second part of Table 1, where we in total add 3 nonlocal blocks to PreResNet-20 but into different residual blocks. Although in this case the two kinds of nonlocal blocks have the same affinity kernel, the proposed nonlocal network still performs
User Profiling for Recommendation System

Recommendation system is a type of information filtering systems that recommend various objects from a vast variety and quantity of items which are of the user interest. This results in guiding an individual in personalized way to interesting or useful objects in a large space of possible options. Such systems also help many businesses to achieve more profits to sustain in their filed against their rivals. But looking at the amount of information which a business holds it becomes difficult to identify the items of user interest. Therefore personalization or user profiling is one of the challenging tasks that give access to user relevant information which can be used in solving the difficult task of classification and ranking items according to an individual’s interest. Profiling can be done in various ways such as supervised or unsupervised, individual or group profiling, distributive or and non-distributive profiling. Our focus in this paper will be on the dataset which we will use, we identify some interesting facts by using Weka Tool that can be used for recommending the items from dataset .Our aim is to present a novel technique to achieve user profiling in recommendation system. KeywordsMachine Learning; Information Retrieval; User Profiling
International co-operation and intercultural relations

This article compares the notions of security and privacy as they are treated in international cooperation relations. While security seems to benefit from a global consensus, it does not hold true for the concept of privacy. This article argues for not addressing the privacy in the context of the issue of human rights, marked by recurrent controversies about cultural relativism.
Arthroscopic treatment of peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex tears with the deep fibers intact.

PURPOSE
We describe a variant of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears in which the superficial fibers attaching to the ulnar capsule are torn, with preservation of deep fibers inserting on the fovea. We present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings and the results of arthroscopic repair in patients with this injury.


METHODS
Twenty-nine wrists were treated arthroscopically for peripheral TFCC tears with outside-in suture repair of the TFCC to the ulnar capsule. A retrospective review of all cases was performed to assess the physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and intraoperative findings. Patients were evaluated at greater than 1 year with range of motion, grip strength, standard outcome measures, and a survey assessing return to work and sports.


RESULTS
Before surgery, all patients had complaints of ulnar-sided wrist pain with a stable distal radioulnar joint on examination. Twenty-six wrists (90%) were available for follow-up at a mean of 31 months. There was one repeat surgery, a re-tear that required revision TFCC repair. The preoperative visual analog scale and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved from 5 and 38 to 1 and 9, respectively, at final follow-up. Side-to-side comparisons demonstrated no measurable loss in motion or grip strength. There were no cases of distal radioulnar joint instability at final follow-up. Of 11 high-level athletes in the total cohort, 7 (64%) were able to return to sports, including all of those in racquet sports; however, athletes who bore weight through their hands were unable to return to their sporting activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Tears of the TFCC superficial fibers with the deep fibers intact present with ulnar-sided wrist pain but without distal radioulnar joint instability. The results of outside-in repair of the articular disk back to the ulnar capsule demonstrated improvement in pain and function with no measurable objective losses. Return to sport was variable and appeared worse for those who bear weight through the hands.
Reproducibility of measurements of cerebral infarct volume on CT scans.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Infarct volume is increasingly used as an outcome measure in clinical trials of therapies for acute ischemic stroke. We tested which of 5 different methods to measure infarct size or volume on CT scans has the highest reproducibility.


METHODS
Infarct volume and total intracranial volume were measured with Leica Q500 MCP image analysis software, or with a caliper, on 38 CT scans of patients who participated in the Tirilazad Efficacy Stroke Study II (TESS II). The scans were performed 8 days (+/-2 days) after the onset of symptoms. The 5 methods tested were based on (1) semiautomated pixel thresholding, (2) manual tracing of the perimeter, (3) a stereological counting grid, (4) measurement of the 3 largest diameters, and (5) the single largest diameter. The measurements were performed independently by 2 observers; the first observer performed all measurements twice.


RESULTS
The single largest diameter did not correlate well with infarct volume. Of the other methods, manual tracing of the perimeter of the infarct had the lowest intraobserver and interobserver variability: coefficients of variation were 8.6% and 14.1%, respectively. For total intracranial volume, manual tracing also provided the highest reproducibility: intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation were 3.3% and 4.9%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Manual tracing of the perimeter is the most reproducible method for measuring the volumes of the infarct and the total intracranial space in multicenter trials of therapies for acute ischemic stroke.
An Analysis of Wind Speed Distribution at Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

The main objective of this paper was to analyze the statistical wind data obtained from measurements for the 12 months period of January to December 2008 at Thasala district in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The wind speed at heights of 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m above ground level were measured using 3-cup anemometers attached to booms on a 45 m lattice met tower. The recording interval was 10 min. The statistical wind data set was analyzed using Weibull distributions in order to investigate the Weibull shape and scale parameters. The Weibull parameters obtained from WAsP 9.0 analysis as well as from the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of graphical methods were compared and the mean bias error between the methods was determined. Results showed that the monthly Weibull shape parameter was in the range of 1.1-2.8, while the monthly Weibull scale parameter was in the range of 2.27-5.94 m/s corresponding to monthly mean wind speeds in the range of 2.2-9.4 m/s. The mean wind speeds at 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m determined by WAsP 9.0 from the observational data were in the range of 2.4-7.8 m/s, 2.7-8.3 m/s, and 3.1-8.8 m/s respectively. The monthly power density was in the range of 5.8-480.3 W/m corresponding to the wind power class ranging from class 1to class 4+. Results showed that strong and sufficient winds for power generation occurred during the months of January to July and in the month of October.
Dielectrophoretic trapping of single sub-micrometre scale bioparticles

The stable negative dielectrophoretic trapping of single sub-micrometre bioparticles is demonstrated. Single virus particles, capsids and latex spheres, with diameters in the range 93–250 nm, have been trapped. An estimate for the minimum size of particle that may be stably trapped against Brownian motion is made and the trapping characteristics used to estimate values for the dielectric properties of a virus.
A study on the use of 8-directional features for online handwritten Chinese character recognition

This paper presents a study of using 8-directional features for online handwritten Chinese character recognition. Given an online handwritten character sample, a series of processing steps, including linear size normalization, adding imaginary strokes, nonlinear shape normalization, equidistance resampling, and smoothing, are performed to derive a 64/spl times/64 normalized online character sample. Then, 8-directional features are extracted from each online trajectory point, and 8 directional pattern images are generated accordingly, from which blurred directional features are extracted at 8/spl times/8 uniformly sampled locations using a filter derived from the Gaussian envelope of a Gabor filter. Finally, a 512-dimensional vector of raw features is formed. Extensive experiments on the task of recognizing 3755 level-1 Chinese characters in GB2312-80 standard are performed to compare and discern the best setting for several algorithmic choices and control parameters. The effectiveness of the studied approach is confirmed.
Phase I safety, pharmacokinetics, and inhibition of SRC activity study of saracatinib in patients with solid tumors.

PURPOSE
This dose-escalation study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the oral Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Tumor biopsy samples were taken to investigate the effect of saracatinib on Src activity in tumors.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Part A of the study followed a multiple-ascending dose design to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of saracatinib. Part B was a randomized, parallel-group, cohort-expansion phase to further assess tolerated doses. Safety, tolerability, and Src activity (immunohistochemistry and lysate-based methodologies) were assessed after 21 days of once-daily oral dosing. PK was assessed after single and multiple dosing.


RESULTS
In part A, 30 patients received once-daily saracatinib at doses of 60 to 250 mg; the MTD was established as 175 mg. In part B, 51 patients were randomized to receive 50 mg (n = 16), 125 mg (n = 16), or 175 mg (n = 19) of saracatinib. The most common grade ≥3 events considered to be treatment related were anemia, diarrhea, and asthenia. Tumor Src activity was reduced following saracatinib treatment. The area under the concentration-time curve and C(max) of saracatinib increased with increasing dose. Saracatinib accumulated 4- to 5-fold on once-daily dosing to reach steady-state exposure after 10 to 17 days of dosing. The half-life was ∼40 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
Saracatinib was well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies. A reduction in tumor Src activity was observed. PK data show that saracatinib is suitable for once-daily oral dosing. Based on this study, the recommended dose for the phase II studies was chosen to be 175 mg/d.
Four anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between four anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan.DESIGN: The data was collected from four nationwide health screen centers in Taiwan from 1998 to 1999.SUBJECTS: A total of 38 556 subjects: 18 280 men and 20 276 women, mean age=37.0±11.1 y. None had any known major systemic diseases or were currently on medication.MEASUREMENTS: Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol level, low-density and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol level) were assessed and their relationships were examined.RESULTS: In both sexes, with increasing body mass index (BMI), WC, WHpR (waist-to-hip ratio) and WHtR (waist-to-height ratio), there were significantly higher risks of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes and dyslipidemia (P<0.001) in almost all age groups. In the age groups older than 65, however, the relationships were statistically inconsistent.CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwan, the four anthropometric indexes (BMI, WC, WHpR, WHtR) are closely related to cardiovascular risk factors.
DIVERSITY, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the field of regional economic analysis has focused on the social and cultural environment of a place to explain variations in innovation activity, entrepreneurial dynamics, and economic growth. Prominent among these studies is Richard Florida’s creative class theory. He argues that urban economies grow because they are tolerant, diverse, and open to creativity, which in turn attracts certain groups of people, the so-called creative class. Lee, Florida, and Acs expand the theory into the realm of entrepreneurship. They argue that new firm formation is positively associated with a creative and diverse social environment. In other words, those regions that are alluring to creative talent, open to newcomers, and tolerant of those who are different, will also have more people taking the risk of founding a firm, leading to increased economic growth. The creative class theories, however, contrast with explanations that consider structural factors such as access to financial resources and markets, among others, as important markers of entrepreneurial success. In this article, we are interested in examining the ways in which a region’s creative milieu and its opportunity structures may help or hinder different kinds of entrepreneurs, in particular nontraditional entrepreneurs. We examine the effect of regional opportunity structures and creative milieu on women, Black, and Hispanic business ownership for the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States in 2002. We find that opportunity structures, whether opportunity or barrier, better explain the dynamics for these entrepreneurs. They benefit from a regional environment that builds human capital and skill base, enables access to a variety of financial resources, and facilitates market access. Given the growth of women and minority businesses and their potential effect on regions, policymakers are well advised to tailor their policies to these groups.
Application of genetic algorithm–PLS for feature selection in spectral data sets

After suitable modifications, genetic algorithms can be a useful tool in the problem of wavelength selection in the case of a multivariate calibration performed by PLS. Unlike what happens with the majority of feature selection methods applied to spectral data, the variables selected by the algorithm often correspond to well-defined and characteristic spectral regions instead of being single variables scattered throughout the spectrum. This leads to a model having a better predictive ability than the full-spectrum model; furthermore, the analysis of the selected regions can be a valuable help in understanding which are the relevant parts of the spectra. After the presentation of the algorithm, several real cases are shown. Copyright  2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.