LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and neuroradiological differences of paediatric acute disseminating encephalomyelitis with and without antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

BACKGROUND
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been recently described in children with acute disseminating encephalomyelitis (ADEM), but the clinical and neuroradiological characterisation of this subgroup is lacking.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical and neuroradiological features of paediatric ADEM with and without MOG antibodies.


METHODS
Clinical course, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-, MRI studies, outcome and MOG status of 33 paediatric ADEM prospectively studied were reviewed.


RESULTS
MOG antibodies (median 1:2560; range 1:160-1:20 480) were detected in 19 children with ADEM. The majority of children showed a decline of serum MOG-IgG titres over time. Children with MOG antibodies did not differ in their age at presentation, sex ratio, the presence of oligoclonal bands, clinical symptoms or initial severity, apart from a higher CSF cell count (p=0.038), compared with children without MOG antibodies. In addition, further relapsing demyelinating episodes associated with MOG antibodies were observed only in children with MOG antibodies. All 19 children with MOG antibodies had a uniform MRI pattern, characterised by large, hazy and bilateral lesions and the absence of atypical MRI features (eg, mainly small lesions, well-defined lesions), which was significantly different compared to that of children without MOG antibodies (p=0.003; and p=0.032, respectively). In addition, children with MOG antibodies had involvement of more anatomical areas (p=0.035) including the myelon characterised by a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (p=0.003), more often a complete resolution of lesions (p=0.036) and a better outcome (p=0.038).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with ADEM with MOG antibodies in our cohort had a uniform MRI characterised by large, bilateral and widespread lesions with an increased frequency of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and a favourable clinical outcome in contrast to children lacking MOG antibodies.
Observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene

When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subject to strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them can become very strong, leading to the formation of correlated states of matter, such as the fractional quantum Hall liquid. In this strong quantum regime, electrons and magnetic flux quanta bind to form complex composite quasiparticles with fractional electronic charge; these are manifest in transport measurements of the Hall conductivity as rational fractions of the elementary conductance quantum. The experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene has enabled the study of a correlated two-dimensional electronic system, in which the interacting electrons behave like massless chiral fermions. However, owing to the prevailing disorder, graphene has so far exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite intense experimental and theoretical efforts. Here we report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean, suspended graphene. In addition, we show that at low carrier density graphene becomes an insulator with a magnetic-field-tunable energy gap. These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study correlated Dirac fermions in graphene in the presence of large magnetic fields.
Autoantibodies against oxidatively modified lipoproteins and progression of carotid restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine whether LDL oxidation could play an important pathogenic role in early restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. An immunologic and biochemical study was performed on a group of patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, and the degree of intima-media thickness was measured 6 months after surgery.


SUMMARY OF REPORT
Fifty-two consecutive patients were included in the study. The presence of antibodies against oxidized LDL in the serum at the time of surgery was evaluated and compared with echo Doppler flow imaging 6 months after the operation. A statistically significant correlation was found between the arterial wall thickness at the site of surgery and the absolute value of IgG antibodies against oxidized LDL (P<0.012) and IgM immunocomplexes (P<0.043).


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of antibodies against oxidized LDL at the time of surgery seems to predict a greater intima-media wall hyperplasia at 6 months after surgery, usually recognized as early restenosis.
Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Mental Health Among Coronary Heart Disease Survivors

The present study aimed to estimate posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among heart disease survivors and examine whether PTG moderates the association between PTSS and mental health. Data from 82 myocardial infarction and acute coronary artery bypass graft survivors (aged 46–82) was obtained at admission to a cardiac rehabilitation unit. Mental status was assessed by the PTSD Inventory, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Mental Health Inventory and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). 17.1 % of the participants suffered significantly from PTSS and most of the study sample (71.2 %) reported PTG. PTSS were positively associated with PTG and psychological distress and negatively with well-being and HRQOL. PTG moderated the association between PTSS and most mental health outcomes. We conclude that posttraumatic growth may attenuate the negative effect of posttraumatic stress symptoms on mental health.
Noise waves and passive linear multiports

Noise waves are a powerful means for characterizing noise in microwave circuits. A simple derivation is given for the relation between a passive circuit's noise-wave correlation matrix and its scattering matrix. It is shown that this relation, referred to as Bosma's theorem, can be readily derived from the fundamental principle that a passive multiport in thermodynamic equilibrium with reflectionless terminations produces uncorrelated output waves.<<ETX>>
PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT

Featuring important contributions from the 19th annual meeting of the History of Economics society, this book will be welcomed because it makes available to a wider audience a series of innovative essays on the history of intellectual and economic thought.
THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FOAM ROLLING TIMING DURATIONS ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY By Chloe

.................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................................................... 4 Flexibility Interventions .............................................................................................................. 4 Athletic Performance Interventions .......................................................................................... 18 Recovery Interventions ............................................................................................................. 29 Methodology & Supporting Arguments ................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 37 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 43 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 48 APPENDIX A: PRE-RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................................. 54 APPENDIX B: NUMERIC PRESSURE SCALE ........................................................................ 55 APPENDIX C: DATA COLLECTION FIGURES ...................................................................... 56 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 58 CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................................................... 61
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine-Based Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-Infected Hospitalized Patients Who Are Smear-Negative or Sputum Scarce

BACKGROUND
Hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa are inundated with HIV-infected patients and tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest opportunistic infection in this sub-group. Up to one third of TB-HIV co-infected patients fail to produce a sputum sample (sputum scarce) and diagnosis is thus often delayed or missed. We investigated the sensitivity of urine-based methods (Xpert MTB/RIF, LAM strip test and LAM ELISA) in such patients.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
281 HIV-infected hospitalised patients with clinically suspected TB provided a spot urine sample. The reference standard was culture positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on ≥1 sputum or extra-pulmonary sample. MTB/RIF was performed using 1 ml of both unprocessed and, when possible, concentrated urine. Each unconcentrated urine sample was also tested using the Clearview LAM ELISA and Alere LAM strip test. 42% (116/242) of patients had culture-proven TB. 18% (20/54) were sputum scarce. In sputum-scarce patients, the sensitivity of urine MTB/RIF and LAM ELISA was 40% (95%CI: 22-61) and 60% (95%CI: 39-78), respectively. Urine MTB/RIF specificity was 98% (95%CI: 95-100). Combined sensitivity of urine LAM ELISA and MTB/RIF was better than MTB/RIF alone [MTB/RIF and LAM: 70% (95%CI: 48-85) vs. MTB/RIF: 40% (95%CI: 22-61), p = 0.03]. Significant predictors of urine MTB/RIF positivity were CD4<50 cells/ml (p = 0.001), elevated protein-to-creatinine ratio (p<0.001) and LAM ELISA positivity (p<0.001). Urine centrifugation and pelleting significantly increased the sensitivity of MTB/RIF over unprocessed urine in paired samples [42% (95%CI: 26-58) vs. 8% (95%CI: 0-16), p<0.001]. Urine MTB/RIF-generated C(T) values correlated poorly with markers of bacillary burden (smear grade and time-to-positivity).


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
This preliminary study indicates that urine-based MTB/RIF, alone or in combination with LAM antigen detection, may potentially aid the diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression when sputum-based diagnosis is not possible. Concentration of urine prior to MTB/RIF-testing significantly improves sensitivity.
Anomalies in finance What are they and what are they good for

Abstract In the natural sciences, anomalies contribute significantly to the development of new and ultimately more successful theories. The role of anomalies in financial economics, however, has been quite different. Although at the beginning, the word was used to show deviations from the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH)/Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) paradigm, lately, it has been applied to a new literature that is also more accurately called Behavioral Finance (BF). This paper argues that this misuse and misapplication of the word anomaly is not a simple coincidence. It is rather a sophisticated and accordant effort to imply that although there are some unresolved deviations from the norm, the reigning paradigm is irreplaceable, and its validity needs no empirical proof. In fact, an alternative paradigm such as BF is not only insignificant but also unnecessary and even impossible.
Improved In Vitro Quantification of the Force Exerted by the Papillary Muscle on the Left Ventricular Wall: Three-Dimensional Force Vector Measurement System

Recent developments indicate that the forces acting on the papillary muscles can be a measure of the severity of mitral valve regurgitation. Pathological conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, cause changes in the geometry of the left ventricle and the mitral valve annulus, often resulting in displacement of the papillary muscles relative to the annulus. This can lead to increased tension in the chordae tendineae. This increased tension is transferred to the leaflets, and can disturb the coaptation pattern of the mitral valve. The force balance on the individual components governs the function of the mitral valve. The ability to measure changes in the force distribution from normal to pathological conditions may give insight into the mechanisms of mitral valve insufficiency. A unique in vitro model has been developed that allows quantification of the papillary muscle spatial position and quantification of the three-dimensional force vector applied to the left ventricular wall by the papillary muscles. This system allows for the quantification of the global force exerted on the posterior left ventricular wall from the papillary muscles during simulation of normal and diseased conditions. © 2001 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC01: 8719Rr, 8719Ff, 8719Hh, 8719Xx, 8710+e
Enhancing Q-Learning for Optimal Asset Allocation

This paper enhances the Q-Iearning algorithm for optimal asset allocation proposed in (Neuneier, 1996 [6]). The new formulation simplifies the approach by using only one value-function for many assets and allows model-free policy-iteration. After testing the new algorithm on real data, the possibility of risk management within the framework of Markov decision problems is analyzed. The proposed methods allows the construction of a multi-period portfolio management system which takes into account transaction costs, the risk preferences of the investor, and several constraints on the allocation.
Latent Constraints: Learning to Generate Conditionally from Unconditional Generative Models

Deep generative neural networks have proven effective at both conditional and unconditional modeling of complex data distributions. Conditional generation enables interactive control, but creating new controls often requires expensive retraining. In this paper, we develop a method to condition generation without retraining the model. By post-hoc learning latent constraints, value functions that identify regions in latent space that generate outputs with desired attributes, we can conditionally sample from these regions with gradient-based optimization or amortized actor functions. Combining attribute constraints with a universal “realism” constraint, which enforces similarity to the data distribution, we generate realistic conditional images from an unconditional variational autoencoder. Further, using gradient-based optimization, we demonstrate identity-preserving transformations that make the minimal adjustment in latent space to modify the attributes of an image. Finally, with discrete sequences of musical notes, we demonstrate zero-shot conditional generation, learning latent constraints in the absence of labeled data or a differentiable reward function. Code with dedicated cloud instance has been made publicly available (https://goo.gl/STGMGx).
J. R. Mulryne. the Guild and Guild Buildings of Shakespeare's Stratford: Society: Religion, Education and Stage

J. R. Mulryne. The Guild and Guild Buildings of Shakespeare's Stratford: Society: Religion, Education and Stage. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2012. xiv + 270 pp. $119.95. Review by SCOTT K. OLDENBURG, TULANE UNIVERSITY. This book brings into conversation historical, literary, and archaeological studies of Stratford-upon-Avon's Guild of the Holy Cross and its buildings in the pre- and early modern period. Although the topic may seem narrow, it leads to a multidisciplinary examination of religious controversy, politics, education, and theater in the market town from the thirteenth through the seventeenth century. As the title suggests the book provides a deepening of one's knowledge of the world of a young William Shakespeare, but it also offers a case study of one English town's adaptability and resilience during a time of economic expansion and religious change. The Guild of the Holy Cross in Stratford-upon-Avon was established in 1269 as a hospital but soon took on the role of chantry, addressing the spiritual needs of the community. At the same time, the Guildhall, built in the fifteenth century, expanded its role beyond immediately religious matters. When the guild was dissolved in 1547, the building was quickly refashioned as the town's corporation, reclaiming some of its lost revenue and expanding its role in civic governance. With membership extending as far away as London, it fostered important business relationships. The Guildhall housed Stratford's school and was the site of at least some theatrical performances. A history of the guild's buildings, then, is at once also a religious, economic, and social history of the town itself. The first two chapters cover the founding of the Guild of the Holy Order through the aftermath of its dissolution in the Reformation fervor of the 1520s. Mairi Macdonald's essay lays the groundwork for subsequent chapters, examining the Guild's membership, leadership, functions, and buildings and how the Guild was maintained even in a period of economic decline. Sylvia Gill's chapter focuses on the Guild's response to Reformation. What emerges here is a view of this central institution as constantly adapting to the needs of the local community and the demands of the state. Gill also offers a chapter on the school housed by the guild. This along with Ian Green's study of Humanist learning at the Edward VI Grammar School provide the reader with a microcosm of educational initiatives throughout England as well as some of the specific problems faced by Stratford's community. …
The Research of Internet of Things' Supporting Technologies Which Face the Logistics Industry

This paper base on the application of the Internet of things in the logistics industry as the breakthrough point, to investigate the identification technology, network structure, middleware technology support and so on, which is used in the Internet of things, also to analyze the bottleneck of technology that the Internet of things could meet. At last, summarize the Internet of things’ application in the logistics industry with the intelligent port architecture.
Analyzing Biases in Human Perception of User Age and Gender from Text

• How accurate are people in judging" traits of other users? • Are there systematic biases humans" are subject to? • What are the implications of using" human perception as a proxy for truth? • Which textual cues lead to a false " perception of the truth? • Which textual cues make people" more or less confident in their ratings? • Gender 2,607 authors, age – 826 authors • we use 100 tweets per author, 9 Mturk votes per author • URLs and mentions anonymized, English only filtered, duplicates eliminated, same 6 month time interval GENDER PERCEPTION
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5. Youth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) are at increased risk for BD and non-bipolar psychopathology. No studies to date have examined rates of DMDD among offspring of parents with BD. This study examines the risk for DMDD in offspring of parents with BD compared to community controls and considers rates of chronic irritability (independent of a DMDD diagnosis) across diagnoses in youth with parents with BD.


METHOD
Modified DMDD criteria were applied post hoc to 375 offspring of parents with BD and 241 offspring, aged 6 to 17 years, of community control parents. We calculated odds ratios using generalized linear mixed models. In addition, we explored associations with a severe chronic irritability phenotype and various diagnoses in the high-risk cohort.


RESULTS
Offspring of parents with BD were more likely to meet criteria for DMDD than were the offspring of community control parents (Odds ratio [OR] = 8.3, 6.7% vs. 0.8%), even when controlling for demographic variables and comorbid parental diagnoses (OR = 5.4). They also had higher rates of chronic irritability compared to community controls (12.5% vs. 2.5%, χ(2) = 18.8, p < .005). Within the offspring of parents with BD, the chronic irritability phenotype was frequently present in offspring with diagnoses of BD, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and disruptive behavior disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
Like other non-BD diagnoses, family history of BD increases the risk for DMDD. Severe chronic irritability and temper tantrums are the core features of DMDD, and are associated with mood and behavioral disorders in youth at risk for BD.
A Framework for Managing User-defined Security Policies to Support Network Security Functions

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) make it easier for security administrators to manage security policies on a network system. However, it is still challenging to map high-level security policies defined by users into low-level security policies that can be applied to network security devices. To address this problem, we introduce a framework for effectively managing user-defined security policies for network security functions based on standard interfaces that are currently being standardized in an IETF working group. To show the feasibility of the proposed framework, we implemented a prototype based on the RESTCONF protocol and showed that the proposed framework can be applied in real-world scenarios for network separation, DDoS mitigation and ransomeware prevention.
IoT gateway - implementation proposal based on Arduino board

The paper presents proposal of practical implementation simple IoT gateway based on Arduino microcontroller, dedicated to use in home IoT environment. Authors are concentrated on research of performance and security aspects of created system. By performed load tests and denial of service attack were investigated performance and capacity limits of implemented gateway.
A survey on educational process mining

Educational process mining (EPM) is an emerging field in educational data mining (EDM) aiming to make unexpressed knowledge explicit and to facilitate better understanding of the educational process. EPM uses log data gathered specifically from educational environments in order to discover, analyze, and provide a visual representation of the complete educational process. This paper introduces EPM and elaborates on some of the potential of this technology in the educational domain. It also describes some other relevant, related areas such as intentional mining, sequential pattern mining and graph mining. It highlights the components of an EPM framework and it describes the different challenges when handling event logs and other generic issues. It describes the data, tools, techniques and models used in EPM. In addition, the main work in this area is described and grouped by educational application domains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.