LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Broadband Planar Antenna for 2G/3G/LTE Base Stations

A novel broadband planar antenna is developed for mobile communication base stations. The antenna is composed of a pair of folded dipoles which are coupling fed by an L-shaped microstrip line. Both the dipoles and the coupling microstrip line are etched on the same substrate. The planar antenna achieves a bandwidth of 53% for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm return\ loss} > 15$</tex></formula> dB, covering the frequency range 1.65–2.85 GHz for 2G/3G/LTE applications. The antenna gain of the broadband antenna element is about 9 dBi. A <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}45^{\circ}$</tex> </formula> dual-polarized planar antenna consisting of two broadband antenna elements is proposed, which achieves a bandwidth of about 50% and an isolation of 30 dB. Two 8-element antenna arrays are developed respectively for the broadband antenna and for the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm}45^{\circ}$</tex> </formula> dual-polarized antenna. Both antenna arrays achieve a bandwidth of more than 58% (1.6–2.9 GHz). The antenna gains achieved for the both antenna arrays are higher than 15.5 dBi. The half-power beam widths in the horizontal plane for the antenna arrays are approximately <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$65\pm 10^{\circ}$</tex></formula>, suitable for base station applications.
A hierarchical framework for open access to education and learning

During the last years, several Open Educational Resources (OERs) initiatives around the world have been developed, which aim to create and share digital educational resources that are openly licensed and available online for everyone to use. These initiatives have contributed in building and sustaining web-based educational communities and communities of best teaching practices. According to the various existing definitions, the term OER is subject to different interpretations, such as open educational content, open courseware and open source software. This means that OERs are not limited only to open educational content and they can be of different granularity and different formats. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical open access framework that considers different hierarchical elements for supporting the main stages of a typical e-learning chain and we present a set of tools that support this framework. In our proposed framework, OERs are treated in a modular manner considering the different levels of granularity, the relationships between the different levels and the different tools and services needed to handle the particularities of each granularity level. This aims to support the main stages of a typical e-learning chain, namely, creation, publication, discovery, acquisition, access, use, re-use and delivery of OERs.
Performance characteristics of pulsating heat pipes as integral thermal spreaders

In the recent past, Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) have attracted the attention of many researchers as viable candidates for enhanced heat transfer through passive two-phase heat transfer mechanism. Although a complete theoretical understanding of operational characteristics of this device is not yet achieved, there are many emerging niche applications, ranging from electronics thermal management to compact heat exchangers. For a better theoretical understanding, it is vital to generate experimental data under various operating boundary conditions. In this background, this paper presents an experimental study on two flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes in a thermal spreader configuration. Both are made of aluminum with overall size 180 × 120 × 3 mm3; one structure having 40 parallel square channels with cross-section 2 × 2 mm2, while the second with 66 parallel square channels with cross-section 1 × 1 mm2. The working fluid employed was Ethanol. Some peculiar performance trends, in comparison with circular channel devices, have been observed which are attributed to the sharp angled corners of the channels. The influence of various operating parameters, including volumetric filling ratio of the working fluid, input heat flux and operating orientation, on the thermo-hydrodynamic performance, was investigated. Successful operation at all orientations with respect to gravity was also achieved. In terms of applications, this paper explores the possibility of embedded pulsating heat pipe as an integrated structure or heat spreader, so as to render higher overall thermal conductance to the host substrate. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Regioselective oxidation of tetracycline by permanganate through alternating susceptible moiety and increasing electron donating ability

Abstract Permanganate has attracted much attention in wide range of chemistry and particularly in degradation of environmental pollutants. However, few studies have discussed the feature of regioselective reactivity of permanganate with specific moiety of the target compound. Herein, we studied the reaction between permanganate and tetracycline that is an emerging micropollutant with different species containing several electron-rich groups. The second-order rate constants increased from 6.0 to 9.0 and could be quantitatively modeled by considering the speciation of both reactants, yielding k TC 0  = 11.7 (mol/L) −1  sec − 1 , k TC −  = 35.7 (mol/L) −1  sec − 1 , k TC 2 −  = 43.1 (mol/L) −1  sec − 1 for individual reaction channels. Degradation products were then identified as the hydroxylated and demethylated compounds. The result suggested a rate-limiting step of simple hydroxylation at the phenolic and/or alkene moieties, while the demethylation should be caused by the unavoidably formed manganese oxide via single electron oxidation. This is supported by the DFT calculation, indicating the primary oxidation of phenolic group of TC 0 with activation barrier of 44.5 kcal/mol and of alkene group of TC − and TC 2− with activation barriers of 44.0 and 43.4 kcal/mol, respectively. This is in agreement with the experimental results, implying the alternation of regioselectivity associated with the deprotonation process. The result was further supported by performing the Fukui function and electrostatic potential analysis, reflecting the more probable site and better electron donating tendency beneficial to the permanganate oxidation.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Gas Sensor: A Review

This paper reviews the most important sensor-based methods that are commonly utilized for detecting and measuring hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. It identifies a quite comprehensive overview related to the toxicity and hazardous effects of H2S gas from an individual and environmental health protection perspective. Furthermore, the description, classification, and comparison of the H2S gas sensing technologies are exhibited according to many criteria, such as sensing material, working principle, limit of detection, response time, operating range of gas concentrations, sensor stability, sensitivity, and selectivity toward H2S. Finally, it identifies the limitations of these sensors, suggests the most probably successful future technologies, and highlights the most promising approaches that have been developed for achieving inexpensive hydrogen sulfide gas sensors which could be employed in widespread miniaturized detectors in the real-world applications.
Confined Water as Model of Supercooled Water.

Water in confined geometries has obvious relevance in biology, geology, and other areas where the material properties are strongly dependent on the amount and behavior of water in these types of materials. Another reason to restrict the size of water domains by different types of geometrical confinements has been the possibility to study the structural and dynamical behavior of water in the deeply supercooled regime (e.g., 150-230 K at ambient pressure), where bulk water immediately crystallizes to ice. In this paper we give a short review of studies with this particular goal. However, from these studies it is also clear that the interpretations of the experimental data are far from evident. Therefore, we present three main interpretations to explain the experimental data, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, none of the proposed scenarios is able to predict all the observations for supercooled and glassy bulk water, indicating that either the structural and dynamical alterations of confined water are too severe to make predictions for bulk water or the differences in how the studied water has been prepared (applied cooling rate, resulting density of the water, etc.) are too large for direct and quantitative comparisons.
A spirituality teaching program for depression: qualitative findings on cognitive and emotional change.

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted with participants from a trial evaluating an 8-week spirituality teaching program to treat unipolar major depression. The objectives of this study were to understand the nature of the observed mood following participation in the spirituality based intervention.


DESIGN
This study used the methods of a naturalistic inquiry.


SETTING
A total of 15 interviewees were purposefully sampled from the trial population.


INTERVENTION
The intervention consisted of audio CDs for home-based use that delivered lectures and stories about spirituality, suggested behavioural applications and included relaxation practices.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant 6 months post program completion. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were coded for patterns of substantive core meaning in terms of the participants' subjective and behavioural experiences of the program materials.


RESULTS
Participants described an expanded spiritual awareness, characterized by a sense of connection with self, others, the world and universal energy. The primary influences participants reported occurred as a result of practicing forgiveness, compassion, gratitude and acceptance in their daily lives and included reduced negative thinking patterns, being less judgmental, reduced ego-centricity, and improved self-esteem. Concurrent with these shifts, participants experienced an improved mood characterized by reduced anxiety and/or depression, mental clarity, calmness and improved relationships.


CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that the spirituality teaching program impacts depression by expanding spiritual beliefs and shifting perspectives of life situations, oneself and others. Spiritual teachings and practices could be an innovative and valuable adjunct intervention to treat depression.
Discriminative Dictionary Learning With Common Label Alignment for Cross-Modal Retrieval

Cross-modal retrieval has attracted much attention in recent years due to its widespread applications. In this area, how to capture and correlate heterogeneous features originating from different modalities remains a challenge. However, most existing methods dealing with cross-modal learning only focus on learning relevant features shared by two distinct feature spaces, therefore overlooking discriminative feature information of them. To remedy this issue and explicitly capture discriminative feature information, we propose a novel cross-modal retrieval approach based on discriminative dictionary learning that is augmented with common label alignment. Concretely, a discriminative dictionary is first learned to account for each modality, which boosts not only the discriminating capability of intra-modality data from different classes but also the relevance of inter-modality data in the same class. Subsequently, all the resulting sparse codes are simultaneously mapped to a common label space, where the cross-modal data samples are characterized and associated. Also in the label space, the discriminativeness and relevance of the considered cross-modal data can be further strengthened by enforcing a common label alignment. Finally, cross-modal retrieval is performed over the common label space. Experiments conducted on two public cross-modal datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in term of retrieval accuracy.
Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet

Status of Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This memo presents two recommendations to the Internet community concerning measures to improve and preserve Internet performance. It presents a strong recommendation for testing, standardization, and widespread deployment of active queue management in routers, to improve the performance of today's Internet. It also urges a concerted effort of research, measurement, and ultimate deployment of router mechanisms to protect the Internet from flows that are not sufficiently responsive to congestion notification.
A Unified Building Model for 3D Urban GIS

Several tasks in urban and architectural design are today undertaken in a geospatial context. Building Information Models (BIM) and geospatial technologies offer 3D data models that provide information about buildings and the surrounding environment. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and CityGML are today the two most prominent semantic models for representation of BIM and geospatial models respectively. CityGML has emerged as a standard for modeling city models while IFC has been developed as a reference model for building objects and sites. Current CAD and geospatial software provide tools that allow the conversion of information from one format to the other. These tools are however fairly limited in their capabilities, often resulting in data and information losses in the transformations. This paper describes a new approach for data integration based on a unified building model (UBM) which encapsulates both the CityGML and IFC models, thus avoiding translations between the models and loss of information. To build the UBM, all classes and related concepts were initially collected from both models, overlapping concepts were merged, new objects were created to ensure the capturing of both indoor and outdoor objects, and finally, spatial relationships between the objects were redefined. Unified Modeling Language (UML) notations were used for representing its objects and relationships between them. There are two use-case scenarios, both set in a hospital: “evacuation” and “allocating spaces for patient wards” were developed to validate and test the proposed UBM data model. Based on these two scenarios, four validation queries OPEN ACCESS ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2012, 1 121 were defined in order to validate the appropriateness of the proposed unified building model. It has been validated, through the case scenarios and four queries, that the UBM being developed is able to integrate CityGML data as well as IFC data in an apparently seamless way. Constraints and enrichment functions are used for populating empty database tables and fields. The motivation scenarios also show the needs and benefits of having an integrated approach to the modeling of indoor and outdoor spatial features.
One-year follow-up of feasibility and safety of the first U.S., randomized, controlled study using 3-dimensional guided catheter-based delivery of autologous skeletal myoblasts for ischemic cardiomyopathy (CAuSMIC study).

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to test safety and feasibility of myoblast transplantation with the Biosense-NOGA (Diamond Bar, California) 3-dimensional-guided endomyocardial delivery system.


BACKGROUND
Previous Phase-1 trials showed feasibility of epicardial injection of myoblasts. However, catheter-based delivery has several advantages: it can be applied on high-risk patients, the procedure can be repeated, and it is associated with less morbidity and mortality.


METHODS
Twenty-three subjects, with previous myocardial infarction and heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV, were enrolled, 11 control and 12 treatment subjects. To assess safety, physical exam, electrocardiogram, continuous rhythm monitoring, quality of life assessments, and heart function were evaluated at baseline and follow-up until 1 year.


RESULTS
There was favorable safety: no difference between groups in arrhythmias, and no deaths. Treated subjects showed sustained improvements in NYHA and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) compared with control subjects (NYHA, -1.0 point in treatment vs. +0.3 point in control group, p < 0.0004; MLHFQ, -14 point in treatment vs. +1 point in the control group, p = 0.004). Blinded core laboratory echocardiography evaluations showed sustained reductions in the treatment versus control in end diastolic diameter (-0.03 cm vs. +0.05 cm, p = 0.07) and end systolic diameter (-0.05 cm vs. +0.1 cm, p = 0.07). Finally, NOGA voltage mapping demonstrated improved voltage measurements (+1.0 mV, p = 0.008).


CONCLUSIONS
This trial of myoblast transplantation via catheter into heart failure patients demonstrated safety and feasibility. Treated patients showed improvement in NYHA, MLHFQ, ventricular viability, and evidence of reverse ventricular remodeling. These data demonstrate positive safety outcomes and warrant initiation of larger phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis

2012 CERTIFICATE It is certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled " Twitter Sentiment Analysis " submitted by Afroze Ibrahim Baqapuri (NUST-BEE-310) have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree.
Coenzyme Q10 effects on creatine kinase activity and mood in geriatric bipolar depression.

INTRODUCTION
Despite the prevalence, associated comorbidities, and functional consequences of bipolar depression (BPD), underlying disease mechanisms remain unclear. Published studies of individuals with bipolar disorder implicate abnormalities in cellular energy metabolism. This study tests the hypotheses that the forward rate constant (k(for)) of creatine kinase (CK) is altered in older adults with BPD and that CoEnzyme Q10 (CoQ10), known to have properties that enhance mitochondrial function, increases k(for) in elderly individuals with BPD treated with CoQ10 compared with untreated age- and sex-matched controls.


METHODS
Ten older adults (ages 55 and above) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition [DSM IV]) bipolar disorder, current episode depressed and 8 older controls underwent two 4 Tesla (31)Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)PMRS) scans 8 weeks apart using a magnetization transfer (MT) acquisition scheme to calculate k(for). The BPD group was treated with open-label CoEnzyme Q10 400 mg/d titrated up by 400 mg/d every 2 weeks to a maximum of 1200 mg/d. The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to measure depression symptom severity. Baseline k(for) and changes in k(for) were compared between individuals with BPD and controls, not receiving CoQ. Clinical ratings were compared across time and associated with k(for) changes using repeated measures linear regression.


RESULTS
The k(for) of CK was nonsignificantly lower for BPD than healthy controls at baseline (BPD mean (standard deviation [SD]) = 0.19 (0.02), control mean (SD) = 0.20 (0.02), Wilcoxon rank sum exact P = .40). The k(for) for both CoQ10-treated BPD and controls increased after 8 weeks (mean increase (SD) = 0.03 (0.04), Wilcoxon signed rank exact P = .01), with no significant difference in 8-week changes between groups (BPD mean change (SD) = 0.03 (0.03), control mean change (SD) = 0.03 (0.05), Wilcoxon rank sum exact P = .91). In an exploratory analysis, depression severity decreased with CoQ10 treatment in the group with BPD (F (3,7) = 4.87, P = .04) with significant reductions in the MADRS at weeks 2 (t (9) = -2.40, P = .04) and 4 (t (9) = -3.80, P = .004).


CONCLUSIONS
This study employing the novel MRS technique of MT did not demonstrate significance between group differences in the k(for) of CK but did observe a trend that would require confirmation in a larger study. An exploratory analysis suggested a reduction in depression symptom severity during treatment with high-dose CoEnzyme Q10 for older adults with BPD. Further studies exploring alterations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in geriatric BPD and efficacy studies of CoQ10 in a randomized controlled trial are both warranted.
Abdominal fat radiodensity, quantity and cardiometabolic risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Fat radiodensity, as measured by fat attenuation on computed tomography (CT), has emerged as a potential biomarker of "fat quality." We sought to characterize the relationship between fat radiodensity and quantity in subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat depots, and its role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).


METHODS AND RESULTS
We studied 1511 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who underwent CT for measurement of regional fat distribution and radiodensity, along with biomarker assessments and adjudication of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS). Linear, logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to measure association between fat radiodensity and (1) fat quantity, (2) biomarkers of cardiometabolic dysfunction, and (3) both prevalent and incident MetS. In each fat depot, radiodensity was strongly and inversely associated with quantity (e.g., visceral fat radiodensity vs. quantity: ρ = -0.82, P < 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex and race, lower visceral fat radiodensity was associated with greater C-reactive protein, leptin and insulin, but lower adiponectin (P < 0.01 for all). After full adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, visceral (but not subcutaneous or intermuscular) fat radiodensity was associated with prevalent MetS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99, P = 0.01). Moreover, lower visceral fat radiodensity was associated with incident MetS after the same adjustment (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.98, P < 0.01). However, this association became non-significant after further adjustment for visceral fat quantity.


CONCLUSION
Fat radiodensity is strongly correlated with fat quantity and relevant inflammatory biomarkers. Fat radiodensity (especially for visceral fat) may be a complementary, easily assessed marker of cardiometabolic risk.
Impacts of Informal Caregiving on Caregiver Employment , Health , and Family

Impacts of Informal Caregiving on Caregiver Employment, Health, and Family As the aging population increases, the demand for informal caregiving is becoming an ever more important concern for researchers and policy-makers alike. To shed light on the implications of informal caregiving, this paper reviews current research on its impact on three areas of caregivers’ lives: employment, health, and family. Because the literature is inherently interdisciplinary, the research designs, sampling procedures, and statistical methods used are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, we are still able to draw several conclusions: first, despite the prevalence of informal caregiving and its primary association with lower levels of employment, the affected labor force is seemingly small. Second, such caregiving tends to lower the quality of the caregiver’s psychological health, which also has a negative impact on physical health outcomes. Third, the implications for family life remain under investigated. The research findings also differ strongly among subgroups, although they do suggest that female, spousal, and intense caregivers tend to be the most affected by caregiving. JEL Classification: E26, J14, J46