LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Growth of Flexible Problem Solving: Preschool Children Use Changing Verbal Cues to Infer Multiple Word Meanings

Flexible inductionis the adaptation of probabilistic inferences to changing problems. Young children’s flexibility was tested in a word-learning task. Children 3 to 6 years old were told 3 novel words for each of several novel objects. Children generalized each word to other objects with the same body shape, the same material, or the same part as the first object. Each word was preceded by a different predicate (i.e., “looks like a ...,” “is made of ...,” or “has a ...”) that implies a different attribute (shape, material, or part, respectively). Three-year-olds showed limited use of predicates to infer word meanings, and they used predicates from previous trials to infer the meanings of later words. 4to 6-year-olds used predicate cues more consistently and made inferences that were implied by the most recent predicate cue. Notably, 3-year-olds performed near ceiling in a control task that eliminated the need to use probabilistic inductive cues (Experiment 3). The results suggest that flexibility develops as a function of (a) sensitivity to between-problem variability and indeterminacy and (b) ability to decontextualize the most recent verbal cue to guide of inductive inferences.
A randomized clinical trial of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist versus conventional weaning mode in patients with COPD and prolonged mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND
Patient-ventilator asynchrony is a common problem in mechanically ventilated patients; the problem is especially obvious in COPD. Neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) can improve patient-ventilator asynchrony; however, the effect in COPD patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation is still unknown. The goals of this study are to evaluate the effect of NAVA and conventional weaning mode in patients with COPD during prolonged mechanical ventilation.


METHODS
The study enrolled a total of 33 COPD patients with ventilator dependency for more than 21 days in the weaning center. A diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) catheter was inserted in patients within 24 hours after admission to the respiratory care center, and patients were randomly allocated to NAVA or conventional group. A spontaneous breathing trial was performed every 24 hours. The results correlated with the clinical parameters.


RESULTS
There were significantly higher asynchrony incidence rates in the whole group after using Edi catheter (before vs post-Edi catheter insertion =60.6% vs 87.9%, P<0.001). Asynchrony index: before vs post-Edi catheter insertion =7.4%±8.5% vs 13.2%±13.5%, P<0.01. Asynchrony incidence: NAVA vs conventional =0% vs 84.2%, P<0.001. Asynchrony index: NAVA vs conventional =0 vs 11.9±11.2 (breath %), P<0.001. The most common asynchrony events were ineffective trigger and delayed trigger.


CONCLUSION
Compared to conventional mode, NAVA mode can significantly enhance respiratory monitoring and improve patient-ventilator interaction in COPD patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation in respiratory care center.
High exchange-rate volatility and low pass-through

This paper develops a quantitative, dynamic, open-economy model which endogenously generates high exchange rate volatility in real and nominal terms, whereas a low degree of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) stems from both nominal rigidities (in the form of local currency pricing) and price discrimination. In the short run, a small amount of nominal rigidities – consistent with the evidence – lowers the elasticity of import prices to 27 percent. Still, exchange rate depreciation worsens the terms of trade, in line with the data. In the long run, ERPT coefficients are also below one, as a result of price discrimination. We run a set of regressions adopted by the empirical literature on ERPT, potentially plagued by omitted variable bias and measurement errors, on the time series generated by our model. While high exchange rate volatility contains the bias, the ERPT estimates can be quite different from the true parameter, and are sensitive to the underlying shocks. Yet in most exercises the regression model can detect differences between short-run and long-run ERPT.
Internet and Mobile Phone Addiction among High School Students: A Cross Sectional Study from Iran

Background and aims: Addiction to internet and mobile phone may be affecting all aspect of student’s life. Knowledge about prevalence and related factors of internet and mobile phone addiction is necessary for planning for prevention and treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of internet and mobile phone addiction among Iranian students. Methods: This cross sectional study conducted from Jun to April 2015 in Rasht Iran. With using stratified sampling method, 581 high school students from two region of Rasht in North of Iran were recruited as the subjects for this study. Data were collected with using demographics questionnaire, Cell phone Overuse Scale (COS), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17 21 version. Results: Of the 581 students, who participate in present study, 53.5% were female and the rest were male. The mean age of students was 16.28±1.01 years. The mean score of IAT was 42.03±18.22. Of the 581 students, 312 (53.7%), 218 (37.5%) and 51 (8.8%) showed normal, mild and moderate level of internet addiction. The mean score of COS was 55.10±19.86.Of the 581 students, 27(6/4%), 451(6/77) and 103 (7/17) showed low, moderate and high level of mobile phone addiction. Conclusion: according to finding of present study, rate of mobile phone and internet addiction were high among Iranian students. Health care authorities should pay more attention to these problems.
Non linear time series a dynamical Non linear time series a dynamical system approach pdf system approach pdf Non linear time series a dynamical system approach

Amazon.com: Non-Linear Time Series: A Dynamical System Approach Oxford Statistical Science Series, 6 9780198523000: Howell Tong: Books.nonlinear time series model from a nonlinear stochastic dynamical system. Only the approach of Smith 1977 based on piecewise linear.Time series analysis for nonlinear dynamical systems with applications to. Vides a computationally viable alternative to a state-of-the-art nitro pdf reader 1 2 0 11 nissan td27 engine manual pdf beta Bayesian approach.nonlinear dynamical systems that exhibit deterministic behavior. Main steps of the proposed approach for time series synthesis. And kernel.A new approach based on Wasserstein distances, which are numerical costs. Shows the functional relationships between the dynamical systems under study. The focus in nonlinear time series analysis lies therefore not on predicting single.Non-Linear Time Series. A Dynamical System.smoother long memory Markov chain Monte Carlo nonlinear dynamical systems nonlinear state space models nonlinear time series nonparametrics panel of time. NTSA and chaos, the nonparametricsemiparametric approach, nonlinear.one coordinate of the dynamical system to a fixed value TISEAN program: poincare. One of the objectives of time series analysis is the characterisation of the. Presented rudiments of the approach based on piecewise linearization. That a limit cycle can be generated by a dynamical system only if there is a balance. E.g. Tong, 1990 pressed home the case for nonlinear time series mod. Probability density function pdf, say Πx, assumed to exist, of a.He is the father of the threshold time series models, which have extensive applications in ecology. Non-linear Time Series: A Dynamical System Approach. I reflect upon the development of nonlinear nntt r g b playboy playmate calendar 2012 usa pdf time series analysis since 1990 by. Approach, nonlinear state space modelling, financial time series and nonlinear modelling of panels of time series. Markov chain Monte Carlo nonlinear dynamical systems nonlinear state.Often, a time series is observed at discrete time intervals. What is a nonlinear time series model. Non-linear Time Series: A Dynamical System Approach.This is a preliminary, very brief summary of nonlinear time series useful for finance.
High security data hiding using image cropping and LSB least significant bit steganography

A high security data hiding approach using image cropping and Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography is proposed. The predefined certain secret coordinate crops are extracted from the cover image. The secret text message is divided into parts with the same image crops. Each part of the secret text message is embedded into an image crop with secret sequence using LSB approach. The embedding is done using the cover image of three color channels. The stego image is given by reassembling the image and the stego crops. A detailed comparative study is performed between the proposed approach and the other state-of-the-art approaches. This comparison is based on visualization to detect any degradation in stego image, difficulty of extracting the embedded data by any unauthorized viewer, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of stego image, and the embedding algorithm CPU time. Experimental results shows that the proposed approach is more secure compared with the other traditional approaches.
Epidural lysis of adhesions for failed back surgery and spinal stenosis: factors associated with treatment outcome.

BACKGROUND
Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a challenging problem. One treatment advocated to treat FBSS is epidural lysis of adhesions (LOA). The results of studies examining LOA for FBSS have been mixed, but are limited because no study has ever sought to identify factors associated with outcomes.


METHODS
We performed this multicenter, retrospective study in 115 patients who underwent LOA for FBSS (n = 104) or spinal stenosis (n = 11) between 2004 and 2007. Twenty-seven demographic, clinical, and procedural variables were extracted from medical records and correlated with the outcome, defined as ≥50% pain relief lasting ≥1 month. Univariable analysis was performed, followed by multivariable logistic regression.


RESULTS
Overall, 48.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.3%-58.1%) of patients experienced a positive outcome. In univariable analysis, those who had a positive outcome were older (mean age 64.1 years; 95% CI, 59.7-68.6 vs 57.2; 95% CI, 53.0-61.4 years; P = 0.02), while higher baseline numerical rating scale pain scores were associated with a negative outcome (mean 6.7 years; 95% CI, 6.0-7.3 vs 7.5; 95% CI, 6.9-8.0; P = 0.07). Use of hyaluronidase did not correlate with outcomes in univariable analysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% CI, 0.6-2.5; P = 0.65). In multivariable analysis, age ≥81 years (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.4-53.7), baseline numerical rating scale score ≤9 (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4-16.3, P = 0.02), and patients on or seeking disability or worker's compensation (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-19.5, P = 0.04) were significantly more likely to experience a positive outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
Considering our modest success rate, selecting patients for epidural LOA based on demographic and clinical factors may help better select treatment candidates. Procedural factors such as the use of hyaluronidase that increase risks and costs did not improve outcomes, so further research is needed before these become standard practice.
Combined numerical-experimental model for the identification of mechanical properties of laminated structures

A combined numerical±experimental method for the identi®cation of six elastic material modulus of generally thick composite plates is proposed in this paper. This technique can be used in composite plates made of dierent materials and with general stacking sequences. It makes use of experimental plate response data, corresponding numerical predictions and optimisation techniques. The plate response is a set of natural frequencies of  ̄exural vibration. The numerical model is based on the ®nite element method using a higher-order displacement ®eld. The model is applied to the identi®cation of the elastic modulus of the plate specimen through optimisation techniques, using analytical sensitivities. The validity, eciency and potentiality of the proposed technique is discussed through test cases. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pediatric ingestion of vilazodone compared to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications.

BACKGROUND
Unintentional ingestion of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications is common amongst children <6 years of age. Current evidence-based management guidelines are based on a low incidence of significant medical outcomes in these children.


OBJECTIVE
To describe and compare outcomes of pediatric exposures to vilazodone with other SSRIs.


METHODS
A retrospective observational case series analysis of both single and polysubstance SSRI exposures amongst children <6 years old reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS).


RESULTS
11,384 SSRI exposures in children <6 years of age reported to NPDS between January 2012 and June 2016 were assessed. Vilazodone only accounted for 5.9% of all exposures, but resulted in the highest proportion of health care facility admission compared to other SSRIs, both in single substance (165 of 531 (31.1%); OR 9.0 [7.3-11.2]) and polysubstance (57 of 107 (53.3%); OR 4.1 [2.7-6.2]) exposures. Children exposed to vilazodone also have higher odds of experiencing a major or moderate outcome in single (134 of 531 (25.2%); OR 20.5 [15.5-27.1]) and polysubstance (37 of 107 (35.6%); OR 5.9 [3.7-9.0]) exposures compared to other SSRIs. Several severe clinical outcomes, such as seizure and coma, were more common among the vilazodone exposures.


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to vilazodone in this age group results in an increased rate of hospitalization as well as more severe clinical effects as compared to other SSRIs. Current evidence-based SSRI exposure management guidelines may not be appropriate for the management of vilazodone ingestion in this age group.
Outcomes and transfer patterns for first Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): comparisons between community and tertiary care hospitals.

BACKGROUND
Transfer patterns, procedure rates, and outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) presenting to Canadian community hospitals are not well understood.


METHODS
We documented all patients admitted to British Columbia (BC) hospitals with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI between 2007 and 2008. Patients were divided by admitting hospital type into tertiary care hospitals, nonremote community hospitals, and remote community hospitals. The aims were to compare transfer rates and time to transfer to a tertiary hospital as well as procedure rates and outcomes at index admission, at 30 days, and at 1 year.


RESULTS
The mean transfer rates to a tertiary hospital were 72.6% for nonremote and 57.1% for remote community hospitals (P < 0.001). Times to and rates of cardiac procedures differed significantly among these 3 hospital types. Admission to a nonremote or remote community hospital was associated with similar 1-year mortality compared with admission to a tertiary care hospital (nonremote hospitals, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.87; P = 0.26; remote hospitals, adjusted OR, 1.19; P = 0.33). At 1 year, admission to a nonremote community hospital was associated with a lower composite outcome of death or readmission for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (adjusted OR, 0.80; P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
One-year mortality rates were not different between patients with NSTEMI admitted to BC community and tertiary care hospitals; however, the rate of readmission for AMI/death was significantly less in patients admitted to nonremote community hospitals. This should prompt the evaluation of key outcomes in NSTEMI in other community hospital settings.
Record media used by primary care providers in medically underserved regions of upstate New York was not pivotal to clinical result in the Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) project.

PURPOSE
To examine integration of electronic medical records (EMRs) by primary care providers (PCPs) in a diabetes telemedicine project (IDEATel) in medically underserved rural areas and assess if access to digital records is associated with diabetes intermediate outcomes.


METHOD
PCPs (n=61) with patients in IDEATel participated in structured interviews to determine current (2006 to 2007) and projected (2007 to 2008) use of paper and/or electronic medical data. T-tests examined group differences.


RESULTS
28% (17/61) of PCPs had comprehensive EMRs, but most electronic data were non-interoperative between offices; 6% of PCPs solely used paper; 92% of PCPs used mixed paper/electronic records. Half of 61 PCPs anticipated no migration within one year to an electronic record for common patient data, while one third anticipated that function would become greatly more electronic. Among 31 PCPs interviewed in depth in person, 70% (7/10) in private practice and 69% (9/13) in networks anticipated greater electronic media migration through system change, whereas 100% of responding academic PCPs (n=6) expected only system modifications. PCPs were most interested in data exchange for chronic disease management (94%), regional benchmarking (84%) and quality improvement (87%). Patient personal electronic health records were rarely mentioned. IDEATel patients of PCPs with or without access to comprehensive EMRs achieved similar haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and body mass index, but the small number invokes cautious interpretation.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest an effective and complementary element of national health information technology (HIT) strategy, telemedicine, can be implemented by PCPs with success despite the lack of a concurrent EMR for efficient data exchange.
Effects of exposure to mental illness in role-play on undergraduate student attitudes.

BACKGROUND
Education is integral to reducing stigma toward the mentally ill. Medical educators have a key role in delivering education that reduces that stigma. Undergraduate psychiatric training and specific education programs are both effective in reducing stigma. However, many students are exposed to concepts of mental illness at a much earlier stage in their education. No previous study has explored the effect of intervention such as role-play on student attitudinal development.


OBJECTIVES
This study's objective was to identify whether undergraduate role-play exercises featuring mental illness influenced development of attitudes toward the mentally ill.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was used to compare attitudinal scores between students exposed to a mental illness role-play as part of routine teaching and a control group that did not receive the teaching.


RESULTS
A total of 332 students provided data. There were no between-group differences for any attitudinal scores, although gender (being female) and experience of mental illness were associated with more positive attitudinal scores.


CONCLUSIONS
Single high-intensity routine teaching sessions such as role-play involving metal illness do not influence student attitudes.
Formalization of PLC programs to sustain reliability

The complexity of existing PLC programs precludes dealing with or modifying them. The interest in the formalization of PLC programs has increased in recent years to overcome this problem. Formal methods can provide for the development of PLC programs, since they serve as a medium to analyze and verify them due to increased awareness of safety and quality. This is done by performing what is known as verification and validation (V&V). Moreover formal methods support reuse of already implemented PLC programs to meet new production demands. This paper examines different possibilities to formalize PLC programs. It explains the pros and cons of these different alternatives. The paper outlines a formal description of timers and counters used in PLC programs according to the alternative that fulfills the criteria best.
Randomized sham-controlled trial of renal sympathetic denervation in mild resistant hypertension.

UNLABELLED
Few data are available with regard to the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension yet only mildly elevated blood pressure (BP). Patients with resistant hypertension and slightly elevated BP (day-time systolic pressure, 135-149 and diastolic pressure, 90-94 mm Hg on 24-hour ambulatory measurement) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to renal sympathetic denervation with the Symplicity Flex Catheter (Medtronic) or an invasive sham procedure. The primary efficacy end point was the change in 24-hour systolic BP at 6 months between groups in the intention to treat population. A total of 71 patients underwent randomization. Baseline day-time systolic BP was 144.4±4.8 mm Hg in patients assigned to denervation and 143.0±4.7 mm Hg in patients randomized to the sham procedure. The mean change in 24-hour systolic BP in the intention to treat cohort at 6 months was -7.0 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -10.8 to -3.2) for patients undergoing denervation and -3.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -6.7 to -0.2) in the sham group (P=0.15). In the per protocol population, the change in 24-hour systolic BP at 6 months was -8.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -11.7 to -5.0) for patients undergoing denervation and -3.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -6.8 to -0.2) in the sham group (P=0.042). In patients with mild resistant hypertension, renal sympathetic denervation failed to show a significant reduction in the primary end point of 24-hour systolic BP at 6 months between groups in the intention to treat analysis.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01656096.
Haemostatic Activity in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Before and After Electrical Cardioversion

Background: Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a thromboembolic risk, and this risk can be reduced by the use of antithrombotic therapy. International guidelines recommend an effective oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) for at least 3 weeks before, and 4 weeks after cardioversion. We studied whether electrical cardioversion in it self causes changes in the level of activity in the haemostatic system during treatment with either low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with AF were randomised consecutively to either LMWH administered subcutaneous in a fixed daily dose, or conventional OAT. Changes in the biochemical markers prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), D-Dimer, and soluble fibrin, all reflecting the activity in the haemostatic system, were assessed at baseline, before and after electrical cardioversion in patients treated with LMWH for 3 weeks prior to cardioversion. A follow up compared the time spent on antiocoagulation prior to cardioversion, and eventual complications in the two group (LMWH vs. OAT). Results and conclusions: No significant differences between the levels of the biochemical markers measured before, and after cardioversion were seen, indicating that during anticoagulant therapy with LMWH, electrical cardioversion in itself, does not cause an increased activity in the haemostatic system. Also the level of F1+2 had declined significantly after cardioversion, when compared to baseline level in patients, whom had a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) re-established. This indicates that even in patients on a stable anticoagulant treatment, restoration of a NSR can cause a further decrease in thrombin generation. The median time spent on antithrombotic treatment prior to cardioversion, was significantly different between the LMWH (27 days) and the OAT group (138 days). Our study indicates that cardioversion in patients on LMWH does not cause a hypercoagulable state and that LMWH significantly shortens the time spent on anticoagulant therapy prior to cardioversion.