LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Field trials to evaluate the efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) and Caligus elongatus Nordmann, infestations in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

Three field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of emamectin benzoate as a treatment Ž . Ž . for sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer and Caligus elongatus Nordmann , infestations on Ž . Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. . Trials were carried out at sea temperatures of 13.0–15.58C and 7.2–8.58C. Salmon naturally infested with sea lice, with mean weights of 438, 513 and 2662 g, respectively, were held in experimental pens on commercial sites. At day y1 or y2, 20 or 30 fish were sampled from each pen to determine pre-treatment numbers of lice. Emamectin benzoate was administered in-feed at a dose of 50 mg kg biomass day for 7 consecutive days. Sea lice were counted again on days 7, 14 and 21, and comparisons made with untreated control fish. Treatment with emamectin benzoate was effective against chalimus and motile stages of sea lice. In all three trials, treated groups were surrounded by pens of heavily infested fish and L. salmonis numbers increased over time on control fish by 87–284%, whereas over the same period, L. salmonis were reduced on treated fish by 68–98%. In the low temperature trial, reductions were slower but numbers were still 90% lower than on control fish at day 21. At the end of the ) Corresponding author. Marine Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Stirling, Machrihanish, Argyll PA28 6PW, Scotland, UK. 0044-8486r00r$ see front matter q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Ž . PII: S0044-8486 99 00374-9 ( ) J. Stone et al.rAquaculture 186 2000 205–219 206 third trial, both control pens were treated with hydrogen peroxide owing to heavy lice burdens. However, L. salmonis numbers rapidly increased again and at day 55, fish treated only with emamectin benzoate still had 80% fewer lice than control fish. In the two summer trials, large numbers of C. elongatus were rapidly reduced by treatment with 82–84% efficacy by day 21. Despite the potential for continuous re-infestation, oral treatment with emamectin benzoate presented an effective means of controlling all parasitic stages of L. salmonis and C. elongatus on farmed salmon, and in one trial, numbers remained lower on treated fish for at least 55 days. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The interaction interface for the distributed computing system's nodes

This article considers up-to-date problems of parallel computing systems development in Russia. The study describes an engineering of an interface for organization of high-performance system with programmable structure and for its partition to specific subsystems focused on applied tasks. The solution is based on the concept of homogeneous computing systems (HCS) relying on the model of collective of calculators. HCS concept was formulated in the Institute of Mathematics of the USSR under the leadership of E.V. Evreinov in 1962 [1]. The approach is particularly relevant in terms of growing popularity of information networks which combining numerous personal computers (PCs). It's obviously necessary to develop software tools to integrate disparate calculators into the system and identify the required number of sub-systems for specific problem solving. An interference into the hardware and software parts of the calculators must be avoided during the software development process. Programmable structure of the computer system is provided at the stage of unification of calculators into software subsystem interface called an agent of DCS PS. The experience of the development of the Interface organization of distributed computing systems with programmable structure and allocation of subsystems for specific applications. The software described in the present document has been tested while an experimental organization of the DCS PS at the department of the computer engineering of NSTU.
Short versus conventional term glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - the "REDUCE" trial.

BACKGROUND
International guidelines advocate a 10 to 14-day course of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in the management of COPD exacerbations. The optimal duration of therapy is unknown and glucocorticoids have serious adverse effects. The aim of this trial is to demonstrate non-inferiority of a five-day compared to a 14-day course of systemic glucocorticoids with respect to COPD outcome, thereby significantly reducing steroid exposure and side effects in patients with COPD exacerbations.


METHODS
This is a randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority multicentre trial. Patients with acute COPD exacerbation are randomised to receive 40 mg of prednisone-equivalent daily for 14 days (conventional arm) or glucocorticoid treatment for 5 days, followed by placebo for another 9 days (intervention arm). Follow-up is 180 days. The primary endpoint is time to next exacerbation. Secondary endpoints include cumulative glucocorticoid dose, time to open-label glucocorticoid therapy, glucocorticoid-associated side effects and complications, duration of hospital stay, death, change in FEV1, need for assisted ventilation, clinical outcome assessed by standardised questionnaires, and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.


RESULTS
Mean age (± SD) of patients who finished the study was 70 ± 11 years. 12% had mild or moderate disease, whereas severe and very severe stages were found in 30 and 58%, respectively. At the time of inclusion, 20% of patients were under treatment with systemic glucocorticoids.


CONCLUSIONS
If the strategy of significantly reducing cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids while taking advantage of their beneficial short-term effects proves to be successful, it will warrant a change in common glucocorticoid prescription practice, thereby improving the management of COPD.
Mortality indicators in community-acquired pneumonia requiring intensive care in Turkey.

BACKGROUND
Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is a fatal disease. This study was conducted to describe an outcome analysis of the intensive care units (ICUs) of Turkey.


METHODS
This study evaluated SCAP cases hospitalized in the ICUs of 19 different hospitals between October 2008 and January 2011. The cases of 413 patients admitted to the ICUs were retrospectively analyzed.


RESULTS
Overall 413 patients were included in the study and 129 (31.2%) died. It was found that bilateral pulmonary involvement (odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.7) and CAP PIRO score (OR 2, 95% CI 1.3-2.9) were independent risk factors for a higher in-ICU mortality, while arterial hypertension (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9) and the application of non-invasive ventilation (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5) decreased mortality. No culture of any kind was obtained for 90 (22%) patients during the entire course of the hospitalization. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and non-bronchoscopic lavage cultures yielded enteric Gram-negatives (n=12), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=10), pneumococci (n=6), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=6). For 22% of the patients, none of the culture methods were applied.


CONCLUSIONS
SCAP requiring ICU admission is associated with considerable mortality for ICU patients. Increased awareness appears essential for the microbiological diagnosis of this disease.
Constructive Analysis of Intensional Phenomena in Natural Language

Chierchia [2, 3, 4], pointed out the inadequacy of Montague’s approach in the analysis of certain natural language constructions, such as nominalization and propositional attitude reports. The problem seems to be related to the strong typing of Montague’s Intensional Logic, and its interpretation of propositions as sets of possible worlds. Turner in [9], following Bealer’s intuitions [1], offers an interesting solution by building an intensional logic in which the intension of propositions and propositional functions are treated as individuals of a different kind, Turner’s framework is called property theory. For a classic approach to intensionality see [5, 6]. In this paper, we show that is possible to recast Turner’s proposals in the constructive type theory providing a simple analysis of intentionality and an elegant solution to the puzzle sentences.
Knowledge Sharing: Influences of Trust, Commitment and Cost

Purpose – This paper’s aim is to examine the influence of perceived cost of sharing knowledge and affective trust in colleagues on the relationship between affective commitment and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used was a survey of 496 employees from 15 organizations across ten industries. Findings – Affective trust in colleagues moderates the relationship between affective commitment and knowledge sharing and the relationship between cost of knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing. Research limitations/implications – Future researchers should operationalize the perceived cost of knowledge sharing construct to include other potential group barriers; for instance, politics and organizational barriers, management commitment and lack of trust. Practical implications – The findings of this study suggest that employees who value social relationships and social resources tend to view knowledge as a collectively owned commodity. As such, their knowledge sharing behavior reflects the model of reciprocal social exchanges. Social implications – The results of this study indicate that an organizational culture that encourages affect-based trust between colleagues will facilitate knowledge sharing. Originality/value – The paper bridges the gap between the literature on knowledge sharing, perceived cost of knowledge sharing, affective organizational commitment and trust in a single model.
Effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT
Blood homocysteine levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is uncertain whether the association is causal.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of reducing homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B(12) on vascular and nonvascular outcomes.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Double-blind randomized controlled trial of 12,064 survivors of myocardial infarction in secondary care hospitals in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2008.


INTERVENTIONS
2 mg folic acid plus 1 mg vitamin B(12) daily vs matching placebo.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
First major vascular event, defined as major coronary event (coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization), fatal or nonfatal stroke, or noncoronary revascularization.


RESULTS
Allocation to the study vitamins reduced homocysteine by a mean of 3.8 micromol/L (28%). During 6.7 years of follow-up, major vascular events occurred in 1537 of 6033 participants (25.5%) allocated folic acid plus vitamin B(12) vs 1493 of 6031 participants (24.8%) allocated placebo (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.12; P = .28). There were no apparent effects on major coronary events (vitamins, 1229 [20.4%], vs placebo, 1185 [19.6%]; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97-1.13), stroke (vitamins, 269 [4.5%], vs placebo, 265 [4.4%]; RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21), or noncoronary revascularizations (vitamins, 178 [3.0%], vs placebo, 152 [2.5%]; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.95-1.46). Nor were there significant differences in the numbers of deaths attributed to vascular causes (vitamins, 578 [9.6%], vs placebo, 559 [9.3%]) or nonvascular causes (vitamins, 405 [6.7%], vs placebo, 392 [6.5%]) or in the incidence of any cancer (vitamins, 678 [11.2%], vs placebo, 639 [10.6%]).


CONCLUSION
Substantial long-term reductions in blood homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B(12) supplementation did not have beneficial effects on vascular outcomes but were also not associated with adverse effects on cancer incidence.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN74348595.
Business process management: a review and evaluation

Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Mohamed Zairi, (1997),"Business process management: a boundaryless approach to modern competitiveness", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 3 Iss 1 pp. 64-80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159710161585 Ryan K.L. Ko, Stephen S.G. Lee, Eng Wah Lee, (2009),"Business process management (BPM) standards: a survey", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 15 Iss 5 pp. 744-791 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150910987937 Mohamed Zairi, David Sinclair, (1995),"Business process re#engineering and process management: A survey of current practice and future trends in integrated management", Business Process Re-engineering &amp; Management Journal, Vol. 1 Iss 1 pp. 8-30
Layered 4D Representation and Voting for Grouping from Motion

We address the problem of perceptual grouping from motion cues by formulating it as a motion layers inference from a sparse and noisy point set in a 4D space. Our approach is based on a layered 4D representation of data, and a voting scheme for token communication, within a tensor voting computational framework. Given two sparse sets of point tokens, the image position and potential velocity of each token are encoded into a 4D tensor. By enforcing the smoothness of motion through a voting process, the correct velocity is selected for each input point as the most salient token. An additional dense voting step allows for the inference of a dense representation in terms of pixel velocities, motion regions, and boundaries. Using a 4D space for this tensor voting approach is essential since it allows for a spatial separation of the points according to both their velocities and image coordinates. Unlike most other methods that optimize certain objective functions, our approach is noniterative and, therefore, does not suffer from local optima or poor convergence problems. We demonstrate our method with synthetic and real images, by analyzing several difficult cases—opaque and transparent motion, rigid and nonrigid motion, curves and surfaces in motion.
Cloud forensics: Technical challenges, solutions and comparative analysis

Cloud computing is arguably one of the most significant advances in information technology (IT) services today. Several cloud service providers (CSPs) have offered services that have produced various transformative changes in computing activities and presented numerous promising technological and economic opportunities. However, many cloud customers remain reluctant to move their IT needs to the cloud, mainly due to their concerns on cloud security and the threat of the unknown. The CSPs indirectly escalate their concerns by not letting customers see what is behind virtual wall of their clouds that, among others, hinders digital investigations. In addition, jurisdiction, data duplication and multi-tenancy in cloud platform add to the challenge of locating, identifying and separating the suspected or compromised targets for digital forensics. Unfortunately, the existing approaches to evidence collection and recovery in a non-cloud (traditional) system are not practical as they rely on unrestricted access to the relevant system and user data; something that is not available in the cloud due its decentralized data processing. In this paper we systematically survey the forensic challenges in cloud computing and analyze their most recent solutions and developments. In particular, unlike the existing surveys on the topic, we describe the issues in cloud computing using the phases of traditional digital forensics as the base. For each phase of the digital forensic process, we have included a list of challenges and analysis of their possible solutions. Our description helps identifying the differences between the problems and solutions for non-cloud and cloud digital forensics. Further, the presentation is expected to help the investigators better understand the problems in cloud environment. More importantly, the paper also includes most recent development in cloud forensics produced by researchers, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Amazon. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Leveraging Billions of Faces to Overcome Performance Barriers in Unconstrained Face Recognition

We employ the face recognition technology developed in house at face.com to a well accepted benchmark and show that without any tuning we are able to considerably surpass state of the art results. Much of the improvement is concentrated in the high-valued performance point of zero false positive matches, where the obtained recall rate almost doubles the best reported result to date. We discuss the various components and innovations of our system that enable this significant performance gap. These components include extensive utilization of an accurate 3D reconstructed shape model dealing with challenges arising from pose and illumination. In addition, discriminative models based on billions of faces are used in order to overcome aging and facial expression as well as low light and overexposure. Finally, we identify a challenging set of identification queries that might provide useful focus for future research. 1 Benchmark and results The LFW benchmark [6] has become the de-facto standard testbed for unconstrained face recognition with over 100 citations in the face recognition literature since its debut 3 years ago. Extensive work [15, 14, 13, 5, 7, 4, 10, 3, 8, 9, 11, 16] has been invested in improving the recognition score which has been considerably increased since the first non-trivial result of 72% accuracy. We employ face.com’s r2011b face recognition engine to the LFW benchmark without any dataset specific pre-tuning. The obtained mean accuracy is 91.3% ± 0.3, achieved on the test set (view 2) under the unrestricted LFW protocol. Figure 1 (a) presents the ROC curve obtained in comparison to previous results. Remarkably, much of the obtained improvement is achieved at the conservative performance range, i.e., at low False Acceptance Rates (FAR). 1face.com has a public API service [1] which currently employs a previous version of the engine. 1 ar X iv :1 10 8. 11 22 v1 [ cs .C V ] 4 A ug 2 01 1
RAnoLazIne for the treatment of diastolic heart failure in patients with preserved ejection fraction: the RALI-DHF proof-of-concept study.

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated whether inhibiting late Na(+) current by using ranolazine improved diastolic function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).


BACKGROUND
HFpEF accounts for >50% of all HF patients, but no specific treatment exists.


METHODS
The RALI-DHF (RAnoLazIne for the Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure) study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled small proof-of-concept study. Inclusion criteria were EF ≥45%, a mitral E-wave velocity/mitral annular velocity ratio (E/E') >15 or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration >220 pg/ml, a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ≥18 mm Hg, and time-constant of relaxation (tau) ≥50 ms. Patients were randomized to ranolazine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 8). Treatment consisted of intravenous infusion for 24 h, followed by oral treatment for 13 days.


RESULTS
After 30 min of infusion, LVEDP (p = 0.04) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p = 0.04) decreased in the ranolazine group but not in the placebo group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure showed a trend toward a decrease in the ranolazine group that was significant under pacing conditions at 120 beats/min (p = 0.02), but not for the placebo group. These changes occurred without changes in left ventricular end-systolic pressure or systemic or pulmonary resistance but in the presence of a small but significant decrease in cardiac output (p = 0.04). Relaxation parameters (e.g., tau, rate of decline of left ventricular pressure per minute [dP/dtmin]) were unaltered. Echocardiographically, the E/E' ratio did not significantly change after 22 h. After 14 days of treatment, no significant changes were observed in echocardiographic or cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters. There were no significant effects on NT-pro-BNP levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Results of this proof-of-concept study revealed that ranolazine improved measures of hemodynamics but that there was no improvement in relaxation parameters. (Ranolazine in Diastolic Heart Failure [RALI-DHF]; NCT01163734).
The segmented and annotated IAPR TC-12 benchmark

Automatic image annotation (AIA), a highly popular topic in the field of information retrieval research, has experienced significant progress within the last decade. Yet, the lack of a standardized evaluation platform tailored to the needs of AIA, has hindered effective evaluation of its methods, especially for region-based AIA. Therefore in this paper, we introduce the segmented and annotated IAPR TC-12 benchmark; an extended resource for the evaluation of AIA methods as well as the analysis of their impact on multimedia information retrieval. We describe the methodology adopted for the manual segmentation and annotation of images, and present statistics for the extended collection. The extended collection is publicly available and can be used to evaluate a variety of tasks in addition to image annotation. We also propose a soft measure for the evaluation of annotation performance and identify future research areas in which this extended test collection is likely to make a contribution. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An empirical study on developer-related factors characterizing fix-inducing commits

This paper analyzes developer related factors that could influence the likelihood for a commit to induce a fix. Specifically, we focus on factors that could potentially hinder developers’ ability to correctly understand the code components involved in the change to be committed: (i) the coherence of the commit (i.e., how much it is focused on a specific topic), (ii) the experience level of the developer on the files involved in the commit, and (iii) the interfering changes performed by other developers on the files involved in past commits. The results of our study indicate that “fix-inducing” commits (i.e., commits that induced a fix) are significantly less coherent than “clean” commits (i.e., commits that did not induce a fix). Surprisingly, “fix-inducing” commits are performed by more experienced developers, yet, those are the developers performing more complex changes in the system. Finally, “fix-inducing” commits have a higher number of past interfering changes as compared to “clean” commits. Our empirical study sheds light on previously unexplored factors and presents significant results that can be used to improve approaches for defect prediction. Copyright c © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A palliative approach for heart failure end-of-life care

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The current review discusses the integration of guideline and evidence-based palliative care into heart failure end-of-life (EOL) care.


RECENT FINDINGS
North American and European heart failure societies recommend the integration of palliative care into heart failure programs. Advance care planning, shared decision-making, routine measurement of symptoms and quality of life and specialist palliative care at heart failure EOL are identified as key components to an effective heart failure palliative care program. There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of the individual elements. However, results from the palliative care in heart failure trial suggest an integrated heart failure palliative care program can significantly improve quality of life for heart failure patients at EOL.


SUMMARY
Integration of a palliative approach to heart failure EOL care helps to ensure patients receive the care that is congruent with their values, wishes and preferences. Specialist palliative care referrals are limited to those who are truly at heart failure EOL.