LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Remediating organizational functioning in children with ADHD: immediate and long-term effects from a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
The study compared the efficacy of 2 behavioral interventions to ameliorate organization, time management, and planning (OTMP) difficulties in 3rd- to 5th-grade children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


METHOD
In a dual-site randomized controlled trial, 158 children were assigned to organizational skills training (OST; N = 64); PATHKO, a performance-based intervention that precluded skills training (N = 61); or a wait-list control (WL, N = 33). Treatments were 20 individual clinic-based sessions over 10-12 weeks. OST involved skills building provided primarily to the child. PATHKO trained parents and teachers to reinforce children contingently for meeting end-point target goals. Primary outcomes were the Children's Organizational Skills Scales (COSS-Parent, COSS-Teacher). Other relevant functional outcomes were assessed. Percentage of participants no longer meeting inclusion criteria for OTMP impairments informed on clinical significance. Assessments occurred at post-treatment, 1-month post-treatment, and twice in the following school year.


RESULTS
OST was superior to WL on the COSS-P (Cohen's d = 2.77; p < .0001), COSS-T (d = 1.18; p < .0001), children's COSS self-ratings, academic performance and proficiency, homework, and family functioning. OST was significantly better than PATHKO only on the COSS-P (d = 0.63; p < .005). PATHKO was superior to WL on most outcomes but not on academic proficiency. Sixty percent of OST and PATHKO participants versus 3% of controls no longer met OTMP inclusion criteria. Significant maintenance effects were found for both treatments.


CONCLUSIONS
Two distinct treatments targeting OTMP problems in children with ADHD generated robust, sustained functional improvements. The interventions show promise of clinical utility in children with ADHD and organizational deficits.
Corporate Tax Policy, Foreign Firm Ownership and Thin Capitalization

This paper analyzes the implications of foreign firm ownership and international profit shifting through thin capitalization for corporate tax policy. We consider a model of interjurisdictional tax competition where the corporate tax serves as a backstop to the personal income tax, interest on debt is deductible from the corporate tax base and multinational firms may shift profit across countries through thin capitalization. We show that the problem of thin capitalization induces countries to reduce their corporate tax rates below the personal income tax rate and to broaden their tax bases. Moreover, foreign firm ownership leads to a reduction in corporate tax rates. We also show that there is scope for welfare enhancing tax coordination in our model. In the presence of both foreign firm ownership and thin capitalization, countries gain from a coordinated increase in corporate tax rates or from a coordinated broadening of the tax base. JEL Classification: H21, H77, G32.
Differential association between the norepinephrine transporter gene and ADHD: role of sex and subtype.

BACKGROUND
Pharmacologic and animal studies have strongly implicated the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a family-based study, with stratification based on sex and subtype, to test the association between 30 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the gene encoding NET (SLC6A2) and ADHD.


METHODS
Family-based association tests were conducted with the categorical diagnosis of ADHD, as well as quantitative phenotypes of clinical relevance (Conners Global Index for Teachers and Parents, and Child Behavior Checklist measures). Sliding window haplotype analysis was conducted with screening based on conditional power using PBAT.


RESULTS
A previously reported association with rs3785143 was confirmed in this study. Further, extensive association was observed with haplotype blocks, with a differential pattern observed based on sex and subtype. The 5' region of the gene (encompassing haplotype block 1 and including a functional promoter SNP, rs28386840) showed an association with ADHD in girls (irrespective of subtype). A different region of the gene (distributed around haplo-type block 2) was associated with distinct behavioural phenotypes in boys. These findings are correlated with previously reported functional studies of gene variants in SLC6A2.


LIMITATIONS
The most important limitation of the study is the small size of the groups resulting from the stratification based on sex followed by subtype.


CONCLUSION
The results obtained in this family-based study suggest that haplotype blocks within different regions of SLC6A2 show differential association with the disorder based on sex and subtype. These associations may have been masked in previous studies when tests were conducted with pooled samples.
The conservation and restoration of wild bees.

Bees pollinate most of the world's wild plant species and provide economically valuable pollination services to crops; yet knowledge of bee conservation biology lags far behind other taxa such as vertebrates and plants. There are few long-term data on bee populations, which makes their conservation status difficult to assess. The best-studied groups are the genus Bombus (the bumble bees), and bees in the EU generally; both of these are clearly declining. However, it is not known to what extent these groups represent the approximately 20,000 species of bees globally. As is the case for insects in general, bees are underrepresented in conservation planning and protection efforts. For example, only two bee species are on the global IUCN Red List, and no bee is listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, even though many bee species are known to be in steep decline or possibly extinct. At present, bee restoration occurs mainly in agricultural contexts, funded by government programs such as agri-environment schemes (EU) and the Farm Bill (USA). This is a promising approach given that many bee species can use human-disturbed habitats, and bees provide valuable pollination services to crops. However, agricultural restorations only benefit species that persist in agricultural landscapes, and they are more expensive than preserving natural habitat elsewhere. Furthermore, such restorations benefit bees in only about half of studied cases. More research is greatly needed in many areas of bee conservation, including basic population biology, bee restoration in nonagricultural contexts, and the identification of disturbance-sensitive bee species.
The diagnostic value of small bowel wall vascularity after sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble injection in patients with Crohn's disease. Correlation with the therapeutic effectiveness of specific anti-inflammatory treatment.

PURPOSE
To assess the value of small bowel wall vascularity after microbubble contrast agent injection in evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness of specific anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen patients (7 male and 8 female; mean age+/-SD, 40 years+/-6) with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of Crohn's disease--Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI)>150 (n=12 patients) or <150 (n=3)--involving the terminal loop of the small bowel (wall thickness>5 mm) were included. In each patient the terminal loop was scanned by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) after sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble injection before and after 6-month anti-inflammatory treatment. The vascularity of the terminal loop was quantified in gray-scale levels (0-255) by a manually drawn ROI encompassing the thickened bowel wall and it was correlated with CDAI.


RESULT
Before the beginning of the specific treatment all patients revealed diffuse transparietal contrast enhancement after microbubble injection, except for 3 patients who revealed contrast enhancement limited to the submucosa. In 13 patients the slope of the first ascending tract and the area under the enhancement curve were significantly lower after anti-inflammatory treatment (P<0.05; Wilcoxon test) with a significant correlation with the CDAI score (rho=0.85, P<0.05). In 2 patients no significant vascularity changes were found even though a mild reduction of CDAI score was identified (from 200 to 150 gray-scale levels).


CONCLUSION
CEUS is a useful method to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of specific medical anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.
The Hitman study: Violent video game exposure effects on aggressive behavior, hostile feelings, and depression.

This article explores commonly discussed theories of violent video game effects: the social learning, mood management, and catharsis hypotheses. An experimental study was carried out to examine violent video game effects. In this study, 103 young adults were given a frustration task and then randomized to play no game, a nonviolent game, a violent game with good versus evil theme (i.e., playing as a good character taking on evil), or a violent game in which they played as a ‘‘bad guy.’’ Results indicated that randomized video game play had no effect on aggressive behavior; real-life violent video game-playing history, however, was predictive of decreased hostile feelings and decreased depression following the frustration task. Results do not support a link between violent video games and aggressive behavior, but do suggest that violent games reduce depression and hostile feelings in players through mood management.
ConLock: a constraint-based approach to dynamic checking on deadlocks in multithreaded programs

Many predictive deadlock detection techniques analyze multithreaded programs to suggest potential deadlocks (referred to as cycles or deadlock warnings). Nonetheless, many of such cycles are false positives. On checking these cycles, existing dynamic deadlock confirmation techniques may frequently encounter thrashing or result in a low confirmation probability. This paper presents a novel technique entitled ConLock to address these problems. ConLock firstly analyzes a given cycle and the execution trace that produces the cycle. It identifies a set of thread scheduling constraints based on a novel should-happen-before relation. ConLock then manipulates a confirmation run with the aim to not violate a reduced set of scheduling constraints and to trigger an occurrence of the deadlock if the cycle is a real deadlock. If the cycle is a false positive, ConLock reports scheduling violations. We have validated ConLock using a suite of real-world programs with 11 deadlocks. The result shows that among all 741 cycles reported by Magiclock, ConLock confirms all 11 deadlocks with a probability of 71%−100%. On the remaining 730 cycles, ConLock reports scheduling violations on each. We have systematically sampled 87 out of the 730 cycles and confirmed that all these cycles are false positives.
Reading Habit and Attitude among Malaysian Polytechnic Students

Article History: Received 11.07.2012 Received in revised form 18.02.2013 Accepted 22.02.2013 Available online 10.04.2013 This paper reports the results of a study on the reading habit and attitude of the students in a Malaysian Polytechnic. A survey questionnaire adapted from Smith’s (1991) Adult Survey of Reading Attitude (ASRA) and Pandian’s (1997) Reading Habit questionnaire was used for this study. The questionnaire was distributed to 119 polytechnic students from Engineering and Business department in the selected Polytechnic. Results of the study revealed that; (i) the polytechnics students have low interest in reading; (ii) students do not enjoy reading as much as they enjoy doing other technology related activities. Finally, the paper will discuss the implications of the findings in terms of instructional material development within reading context. © 2013 IOJES. All rights reserved
Prevalence of low back pain by anatomic location and intensity in an occupational population

BACKGROUND
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common and costly problem, with variation in prevalence. Epidemiological reports of rating of pain intensity and location within the low back area are rare. The objective is to describe LBP in a large, multi-center, occupational cohort detailing both point and 1-month period prevalence of LBP by location and intensity measures at baseline.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional report from a prospective cohort study, 828 participants were workers enrolled from 30 facilities performing a variety of manual material handling tasks. All participants underwent a structured interview detailing pain rating and location. Symptoms in the lower extremities, demographic and other data were collected. Body mass indices were measured. Outcomes are pain rating (0-10) in five defined lumbar back areas (i) LBP in the past month and (ii) LBP on the day of enrollment. Pain ratings were reported on a 0-10 scale and subsequently collapsed with ratings of 1-3, 4-6 and 7-10 classified as low, medium and high respectively.


RESULTS
172 (20.8%) and 364 (44.0%) of the 828 participants reported pain on the day of enrollment or within the past month, respectively. The most common area of LBP was in the immediate paraspinal area with 130 (75.6%) participants with point prevalence LBP and 278 (77.4%) with 1-month period prevalence reported having LBP in the immediate paraspinal area. Among those 364 reporting 1-month period prevalence pain, ratings varied widely with 116 (31.9%) reporting ratings classified as low, 170 (46.7%) medium and 78 (21.4%) providing high pain ratings in any location. Among the 278 reporting 1-month period prevalence pain in the immediate paraspinal area, 89 (32.0%) reported ratings classified as low, 129 (46.4%), medium and 60 (21.6%) high pain ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
Pain ratings varied widely, however less variability was seen in pain location, with immediate paraspinal region being the most common. Variations may suggest different etiological factors related to LBP. Aggregation of different locations of pain or different intensities of pain into one binary classification of LBP may result in loss of information which may potentially be useful in prevention or treatment of LBP.
The effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents on sexual dysfunction in male patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a pilot study

Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study was an open-label study without placebo to assess sexual dysfunction in male patients with AS, and to determine whether sexual function might improve with the use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers. Twenty-two males with AS (age, 29–48 years) were treated for 3 months with TNF-α blockers. Before and after treatment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was measured, and all patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, a self-administered measure of sexual dysfunction with five domains: erectile function (EF), intercourse satisfaction (IS), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD) and overall satisfaction (OS). There were significant improvements in BASDAI after treatment with TNF-α blockers (P<0.001). Anti-TNF-α treated patients showed significant improvements in four out of the five IIEF domains (EF, P<0.001; IS, P<0.001; SD, P=0.006; OS, P=0.033). Among patients with erectile dysfunction, there were significant improvements in three IIEF domains (EF, P=0.006; IS, P=0.007; SD, P=0.018). Only IS domain of IIEF showed a significant correlation with BASDAI (partial correlation coefficient = −0.484, P=0.026). This study showed that anti-TNF-α therapy may improve sexual dysfunction in male AS patients, in addition to reducing disease activity.
A multilevel learning management system

Many authoring systems have been realized so far in order to allow users to build advanced presentation of documents. These systems represent the result of a requirement analysis performed in specific application domains and their functionality is meaningful for the domain experts. Consequently, in many cases there exists a barrier between system functionality and users, who have a limited knowledge of the domain: in order to use the application, the content expert end-user has to interact with the application expert. Such a barrier limits the effectiveness and the efficiency of the authoring system, because the development of a multimedia presentation forces the user to acquire experience far from his/her background. In this paper we introduce a new approach to educational authoring, based on a multilevel development methodology. It allows and supports teachers to create their own multimedia learning environment. The proposed approach has been experimented on an initial prototype which allows users to manage multimedia authoring of units of study.
The Ambitious Modesty of Niklas Luhmann

Nothing is more in keeping with the spirit of Niklas Luhmann's work than to entitle this article with an apparent paradox: the simultaneous presence of ambition and modesty. What Luhmann offers is a theory of society, a 'grand theory' in the European tradition, but one which runs directly contrary to the claims for universal competence and exhaustive accounts of reality associated with 'grand theories'. It is a theory which acknowledges modestly that it cannot answer many of the important questions that face modem societies. In his introduction to a glossary of his theoretical terminology,2 Luhmann places his theory in an historical context. He writes:
A computational study of the effect of vasomotion on oxygen transport from capillary networks.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arteriolar vasomotion on oxygen transport from capillary networks. A computational model was used to calculate blood flow and oxygen transport from a simulated network of striated muscle capillaries. For varying tissue oxygen consumption rates, the importance of the frequency and amplitude of vasomotion-induced blood flow oscillations was studied. The effect of myoglobin on oxygen delivery during vasomotion was also examined. In the absence of myoglobin, it was found that when consumption is high enough to produce regions of hypoxia under steady flow conditions, vasomotion-induced flow oscillations can significantly increase tissue oxygenation and decrease oxygen transport heterogeneity. The largest effect was seen for low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillations (1.5-3 cycles min(-1), 90% of steady-state velocity). By contrast, at physiological tissue myoglobin concentrations, vasomotion did not improve tissue oxygenation. This unexpected finding is due to the buffering effect of myoglobin, suggesting that in highly aerobic muscles short-term storage of oxygen is more important than the possibility of increasing transport through vasomotion.
Design and formal analysis of Petri net based logic control algorithms = Entwurf und formale Analyse Petrinetz-basierter Steuerungsalgorithmen

Acknowledgements The work that has resulted in this thesis could not be performed without the support from several people. and for all encouragement and guidance he has given to me. Prof. Litz not only knows Logic Control , but also how to provide a working atmosphere of intellectual freedom and fruitful cooperation and to work in his team is certainly a privilege. Being a member of a group like the Institute of Automatic Control in Kaiserslautern has given me memories I will never forget: Joint excursions and festivities, interesting discussions on a variety of topics (not necessarily related to our research), and much more. Working in an inspiring and warm atmosphere like this makes this group special: Many thanks to all of you. Lesage from the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan (France) for the interest they took in my work and the time and effort they invested in reviewing this thesis. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Norbert Wehn for acting as Chair of the Evaluation Committee. I would like to thank all the people involved in the successful implementation of our SIPN-Editor at infoteam GmbH. Especially Karl-Heinz John for giving me the opportunity to see a part of the concepts presented in this thesis entering the area of practical applications. Thanks to Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jörg Raisch at the MPI in Magdeburg for countless inspiring discussions about this work and other even more important topics. To Stéphane Klein for the help with the French references and for proof reading of this thesis and to Sandra Zilles and Anja Wiesen for proof reading essential parts of the manuscript: Without you there would be considerably more errors in this work. The remaining flaws are all my fault. To my parents: Thank you for your love and support despite the fact that I am often not capable of explaining to you what I am actually doing. I hope to improve on this matter. Finally, I give my greatest gratitude to my wife, Nora, for her love, support, patience, and encouragement: This thesis is to you and because of you. I love you so much. Abstract The development of logic control algorithms lies outside the realm of classical continuous Control Theory with its strong mathematical foundations and purely formal design approaches. Logic controller development is closer to software development, in the sense that a special algorithm has to be developed …
Preventive effects of polyurethane foam and polyvinyl acetate on bleeding and pain in young patients undergoing conchotomies.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness of polyurethane foam (PUF) and polyvinyl acetate (PA) as packing materials for reducing post-conchotomy bleeding, pain, and headaches.


METHODS
This study was a prospective, randomized and single-blinded controlled study. Fifty-two patients (5-14 years of age) who underwent conchotomies were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two and 20 patients were packed with PUF (group A) and PA (group B) after conchotomies, respectively. The occurrence of bleeding after removing the packing was checked post-operatively on the fifth or sixth day for group A and second day for group B. In addition, other complications, such as delayed nasal bleeding after discharge to home, nasal pain following removal of the packing, and headaches during insertion of the packing materials in the nasal cavities were also noted.


RESULTS
No bleeding or mild bleeding occurred when aspirating the packing material in group A. In group B, 13 out of 20 patients (65%) had severe bleeding and 7 of 20 patients (35%) experienced mild bleeding. The bleeding pattern in group B was statistically different from that of group A (p<0.05). The number of patients with severe nasal pain during packing removal was higher in group B (60%) than group A (3%; p<0.05). The occurrence of headaches during nasal packing and delayed bleeding was not statistically different between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
PUF was as effective as PA for controlling bleeding after conchotomies, and more effective than PA for preventing bleeding and nasal pain when packing was removed from young patients.
Quantum neural network

It is suggested that a quantum neural network (QNN), a type of artificial neural network, can be built using the principles of quantum information processing. The input and output qubits in the QNN can be implemented by optical modes with different polarization, the weights of the QNN can be implemented by optical beam splitters and phase shifters