LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ordered valuation algebras: a generic framework for approximating inference

The paper presents a generic approach of approximating inference. The method is based on the concept of valuation algebras with its wide range of possible applications in many different domains. We present convenient resource-bounded anytime algorithms, where the maximal time of computation is determined by the user.
Intravenous Ketamine for Adolescents with Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Open-Label Study.

BACKGROUND
Novel interventions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adolescents are urgently needed. Ketamine has been studied in adults with TRD, but little information is available for adolescents. This study investigated efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ketamine in adolescents with TRD, and explored clinical response predictors.


METHODS
Adolescents, 12-18 years of age, with TRD (failure to respond to two previous antidepressant trials) were administered six ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) infusions over 2 weeks. Clinical response was defined as a 50% decrease in Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R); remission was CDRS-R score ≤28. Tolerability assessment included monitoring vital signs and dissociative symptoms using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS).


RESULTS
Thirteen participants (mean age 16.9 years, range 14.5-18.8 years, eight biologically male) completed the protocol. Average decrease in CDRS-R was 42.5% (p = 0.0004). Five (38%) adolescents met criteria for clinical response. Three responders showed sustained remission at 6-week follow-up; relapse occurred within 2 weeks for the other two responders. Ketamine infusions were generally well tolerated; dissociative symptoms and hemodynamic symptoms were transient. Higher dose was a significant predictor of treatment response.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the potential role for ketamine in treating adolescents with TRD. Limitations include the open-label design and small sample; future research addressing these issues are needed to confirm these results. Additionally, evidence suggested a dose-response relationship; future studies are needed to optimize dose. Finally, questions remain regarding the long-term safety of ketamine as a depression treatment; more information is needed before broader clinical use.
Planes Detection for Robust Localization and Mapping in RGB-D SLAM Systems

This paper describes an extension of the popular simultaneous localisation and mapping system (RGB-D SLAM) introduced by Endres et al. In [2]. RGB-D SLAM uses a moving RGB-D sensor (i.e. A Kinect) to incrementally produce a graph-based camera pose trajectory along with a global 3D map of the environment composed of potentially millions of 3D points. The goal here is to produce a global 3D map which is not only composed of millions of 3D points but also 3D planes as indoor scenes are mostly composed of planar features such as floor, walls, desks and other furnitures. These planes are directly detected within the depth images provided by the sensor and therefore tend to "regularize" the noise and missing data in depth images during the whole RGB-D SLAM process. This process represents a first step towards a more semantic approach of RGB-D SLAM.
Simulation of piezoelectric devices by two- and three-dimensional finite elements

A method for the analysis of piezoelectric media based on finite-element calculations is presented in which the fundamental electroelastic equations governing piezoelectric media are solved numerically. The results obtained by this finite-element calculation scheme agree with theoretical and experimental data given in the literature. The method is applied to the vibrational analysis of piezoelectric sensors and actuators with arbitrary structure. Natural frequencies with related eigenmodes of those devices as well as their responses to various time-dependent mechanical or electrical excitations are computed. The theoretically calculated mode shapes of piezoelectric transducers and their electrical impedances agree quantitatively with interferometric and electric measurements. The simulations are used to optimize piezoelectric devices such as ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging. The method also provides deeper insight into the physical mechanisms of acoustic wave propagation in piezoelectric media.<<ETX>>
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes after surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring ruptures: does the tendon heal?

BACKGROUND
The use of validated outcome questionnaires and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when assessing outcomes after surgical treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions has been limited.


PURPOSE
To comprehensively evaluate clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in patients treated with surgical repair for complete proximal hamstring avulsions.


STUDY DESIGN
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.


METHODS
A retrospective review of 15 consecutive patients was performed. Outcome measures included the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Proximal Hamstring Injury Questionnaire, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), and Tegner Activity Scale (TAS). Physical examination was performed by an independent sports medicine fellow. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremity was used to assess tendon healing and muscle quality after repair.


RESULTS
Thirteen of 15 (87%) eligible patients were available for follow-up at a mean 36.9 months (range, 27-63 months), including 8 men and 6 left-sided injuries. The average age was 44.6 years (range, 26-58 years). Twelve of 13 patients underwent surgical repair within 60 days of injury. Mean (± standard deviation) postoperative functional outcome scores were as follows: LEFS, 74.9 ± 7.8 (range, 59-80); HHS, 90.7 ± 13.9 (range, 67-100); SANE, 93.6 ± 7.5 (range, 75-100); VAS for pain, 1.3 ± 1.9 (range, 0-5); and TAS, 4.6 ± 2.3 (range, 1-7). All 11 patients who participated in sports before surgery were able to return to sport, but 45% reported a decrease in their current level of activity. Isokinetic muscle testing demonstrated that injured hamstring strength recovered up to 78% ± 6.1% (range, 74%-88%) of the contralateral side. The MRI examinations revealed that 100% of patients had a healed proximal hamstring repair, with signs of tendinopathy and mild atrophy in 3 of 12 patients.


CONCLUSION
The current findings indicate that surgical repair of complete hamstring ruptures provides reliable pain relief, good functional outcomes, high satisfaction rates, and excellent healing rates (MRI) but does not fully restore hamstring function and sports activity to preinjury levels.
Mag-Foot: A steel bridge inspection robot

A legged robot that moves across a steel structure is developed for steel bridge inspection. Powerful permanent magnets imbedded in each foot allow the robot to hang from a steel ceiling powerlessly. Although the magnets are passive, the attractive force is modulated by tilting the foot against the steel surface. This allows the robot to slide its feet along the surface using “Moonwalk” and “Shuffle” gait patterns. The robot can also detach its feet and swing them over small obstacles. These diverse walking patterns are created with a single servoed joint and 2 sets of simple locking mechanisms. Kinematic and static conditions are obtained for the under-actuated legged robot to perform each gait pattern safely and stably. A proof-of-concept prototype robot is designed, built, and tested. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the design concept and verify the analytical results.
Bayesian modeling of human sequential decision-making on the multi-armed bandit problem

• Belief update based on m last rewards • Gaussian belief model instead of Beta • Limited lookahead to h steps and a myopic function in the horizon. • Noisy rewards Motivation: Correct sequential decision-making is critical for life success, and optimal approaches require signi!cant computational look ahead. However, simple models seem to explain people’s behavior. Questions: (1) Why we seem so simple compared to a rational agent? (2) What is the built-in model that we use to sequentially choose between courses of actions?
Analysis of referrals after a synergic work between primary care and urology. Impact of joint protocol implementation and a continuing education program in our healthcare area

Abstract Objective To analyse the evolution and adequacy of referrals from primary care to urology, after the implementation of referral protocols on the most frequent urological diseases and the establishment of a continuing education program. Material and methods A primary care-urology work group was created in 2011. Initially, performance and clinical practice protocols in prostatic pathology (BPH and PSA) were established. These were supported by training sessions for primary care physicians. After analysing the effect of the mentioned joint work, 3 more protocols (scrotal pathology, urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence) were included. We analysed and compared the referrals and their adequacy before and after the establishment of the protocols. Results The most common referral causes were symptoms of the lower urinary tract due to BPH, which initially represented 22.8% of the total, and decreased to 16.9%. After the introduction of the new algorithms, we observed a decrease in referrals for scrotal pathology (13–14% to 7.8%), an increase in urinary incontinence referrals (3–10.3%) and those related to urinary tract infections remained stable. The adequacy to the protocols improved progressively: LUTS from 46% to 65.3%; PSA from 55% to 84.4% and urinary incontinence from 66.2% to 73.1%. Adequacy in scrotal pathology decreased (67.1% to 63.3%), while in UTI it stayed much the same (around 76%). Conclusions The joint work between Urology and Primary Care achieves an improvement in referrals adequacy regarding the most frequent urological pathologies.
[Regional differences in demographic events in Italy: some problems and hypotheses of a historical synthesis].

The author examines regional differences in demographic conditions that existed in Italy in the period preceding the demographic transition with a focus on dissimilarities both among and within the major regions. The author concludes that these differences are such that only a regional approach as opposed to a national approach is appropriate for the study of Italian historical demography in the period from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. (ANNOTATION)
Cisplatin-Induced CD 95 Redistribution into Membrane Lipid Rafts of HT 29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

We have shown previously that the death receptor CD95 could contribute to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs cooperate with CD95 cognate ligand or agonistic antibodies to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. In the present study, we show that the anticancer drug cisplatin induces clustering of CD95 at the surface of the human colon cancer cell line HT29, an event inhibited by the inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) imipramine. The cholesterol sequestering agent nystatin also prevents cisplatin-induced CD95 clustering and decreases HT29 cell sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and the synergy between cisplatin and anti-CD95 agonistic antibodies. CD95, together with the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain and procaspase-8, is redistributed into cholesteroland sphingolipid-enriched cell fractions after cisplatin treatment, suggesting plasma membrane raft involvement. Interestingly, nystatin prevents the translocation of the aSMase to the extracellular surface of plasma membrane and the production of ceramide, suggesting that these early events require raft integrity. In addition, nystatin prevents cisplatin-induced transient increase in plasma membrane fluidity that could be required for CD95 translocation. Together, these results demonstrate that cisplatin activates aSMase and induces ceramide production, which triggers the redistribution of CD95 into the plasma membrane rafts. Such redistribution contributes to cell death and sensitizes tumor cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis.
Multiobjective cuckoo search for design optimization

Many design problems in engineering are typically multiobjective, under complex nonlinear constraints. The algorithms needed to solve multiobjective problems can be significantly different from the methods for single objective optimization. Computing effort and the number of function evaluations may often increase significantly for multiobjective problems. Metaheuristic algorithms start to show their advantages in dealing with multiobjective optimization. In this paper, we formulate a new cuckoo search for multiobjective optimization. We validate it against a set of multiobjective test functions, and then apply it to solve structural design problems such as beam design and disc brake design. In addition, we also analyze the main characteristics of the algorithm and their implications. Crown Copyright & 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The oscillatory activity in the Parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus investigated using the macro-electrodes for deep brain stimulation

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the oscillatory activity in the Parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus using the macro-electrodes for deep brain stimulation.


METHODS
During bilateral deep brain stimulating electrode implantation, spontaneous and evoked field potentials were recorded from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in two patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during spontaneous resting tremor, passive manipulation of the wrist, and following electrical stimulation of the contralateral STN.


RESULTS
Frequency analysis of the STN field potentials recorded during spontaneous resting tremor showed significant coherence with electromyographic activity in the contralateral arm, suggesting a close involvement of the STN in the generation of resting tremor in PD. The STN responded to passive movement of the contralateral wrist, but not to ipsilateral movement. High frequency (100 Hz) electrical stimulation of the STN induced tremor (4 Hz) in both forearms, and also oscillation of the contralateral STN (4 Hz). In contrast, low frequency (5 Hz) stimulation induced contralateral arrhythmic involuntary movement (3 Hz), but without altering the contralateral STN activity.


CONCLUSIONS
We propose that the functional connection between the STN and arm muscles is mainly contralateral, but cross talk may occur between bilateral STN via a frequency-dependent pathway.
Effect of capsule placement with transnasal endoscopy.

AIM
One of the prohibiting factors in achieving complete small bowel capsule endoscopy is slow gastric transit of the capsule. The present study retrospectively investigated the success rate of, and the time required for, transnasal endoscope-assisted capsule placement to assess its clinical utility.


METHODS
In 24 of 27 patients who underwent capsule placement assisted by a transnasal endoscope, the capsule was successfully transported to and released in the duodenum (capsule placement group). For each patient in the capsule placement group, three age- and sex-matched patients who underwent conventional capsule endoscopy were assigned as controls (n=72). Gastric transit time, small bowel transit time, and rate of capsule arrival at the cecum within 8h were compared between the two patient groups.


RESULTS
Among the 27 patients in whom capsule placement was carried out, the capsule was successfully placed in the duodenum in 24 patients (88.9% success rate). In the capsule placement group, gastric transit time was significantly shorter (10.5 vs 46.2min, P=0.0021), small bowel transit time was significantly longer (354.7 vs 301.3min, P=0.0134), and completion rate (capsule arrival at the cecum within 8h) was significantly higher (83.3 vs 61.1%, P=0.0455) than in the control group. There were no procedural accidents associated with capsule placement.


CONCLUSION
Transnasal endoscope-assisted capsule placement appears to be a safe and reliable procedure, achieving complete small bowel capsule endoscopy, and is considered clinically useful.
An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms and Evolution

Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies represent two of the three major Evolutionary Algorithms. This paper examines the history, theory and mathematical background, applications, and the current direction of both Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies.
Enabling the diagnosis of occult psychiatric illness in the emergency department: a randomized, controlled trial of the computerized, self-administered PRIME-MD diagnostic system.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
Undiagnosed mental illness is highly prevalent and produces needless morbidity. Emergency department patients with vague or longstanding complaints are at risk for occult mental illness, but are seldom diagnosed. We conducted this study to determine whether a previously validated, self-administered, computerized psychiatric interview (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders [PRIME-MD]) could increase the detection of occult psychiatric illness in the ED.


METHODS
This was a randomized, controlled trial of consecutive patients enrolled during convenient times at a university teaching hospital ED with an annual census of 38,000. ED house staff and attending physicians participated. Patients were those with nonspecific complaints potentially associated with occult psychiatric illness (eg, long-standing headache, abdominal or back pain). Exclusion criteria were known psychiatric illness, complaint, or medication; and straightforward reason for the ED visit. Consenting subjects completed the PRIME-MD questionnaire in the waiting room, and were randomly assigned to either the "report" (report results given to physician) or "no-report" groups. PRIME-MD results were clipped to the front of the chart of report group patients. There was no other intervention. The main outcome measures were the percentage of all patients and percentage of patients with a PRIME-MD diagnosis who received a psychiatric diagnosis, consultation, or referral from the emergency physician.


RESULTS
A total of 339 (5.1%) of all patients were approached; 230 consented to participate in the study, and 218 completed the PRIME-MD session and were randomly assigned to study groups. Ninety-two patients in the report group and 98 cases in the no-report group were analyzed. Patients were omitted for the following reasons: left without being seen (8), mistakenly enrolled (10), or unretrievable medical records (10). Seventy-nine (42%) patients received a psychiatric diagnosis from PRIME-MD and 9 (5%) from the physician. The frequencies of physician psychiatric diagnosis and referral did not differ between groups (diagnosis: report 9%, no report 9%, Delta 0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -13, 14; referral: report 9%, no report 7%, Delta 2%, 95% CI -11, 16).


CONCLUSION
ED patients willingly completed the PRIME-MD questionnaire (in a median time of 7 minutes), which frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions. Despite this, physicians rarely diagnosed or treated these conditions regardless of whether they were provided with the PRIME-MD diagnoses.
Smart traffic control system with application of image processing techniques

In this paper we propose a method for determining traffic congestion on roads using image processing techniques and a model for controlling traffic signals based on information received from images of roads taken by video camera. We extract traffic density which corresponds to total area occupied by vehicles on the road in terms of total amount of pixels in a video frame instead of calculating number of vehicles. We set two parameters as output, variable traffic cycle and weighted time for each road based on traffic density and control traffic lights in a sequential manner.
A probabilistic approach to optimal robust path planning with obstacles

Autonomous vehicles need to plan trajectories to a specified goal that avoid obstacles. Previous approaches that used a constrained optimization approach to solve for finite sequences of optimal control inputs have been highly effective. For robust execution, it is essential to take into account the inherent uncertainty in the problem, which arises due to uncertain localization, modeling errors, and disturbances. Prior work has handled the case of deterministically bounded uncertainty. We present here an alternative approach that uses a probabilistic representation of uncertainty, and plans the future probabilistic distribution of the vehicle state so that the probability of collision with obstacles is below a specified threshold. This approach has two main advantages; first, uncertainty is often modeled more naturally using a probabilistic representation (for example in the case of uncertain localization); second, by specifying the probability of successful execution, the desired level of conservatism in the plan can be specified in a meaningful manner. The key idea behind the approach is that the probabilistic obstacle avoidance problem can be expressed as a disjunctive linear program using linear chance constraints. The resulting disjunctive linear program has the same complexity as that corresponding to the deterministic path planning problem with no representation of uncertainty. Hence the resulting problem can be solved using existing, efficient techniques, such that planning with uncertainty requires minimal additional computation. Finally, we present an empirical validation of the new method with a number of aircraft obstacle avoidance scenarios
Prognostic impact of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and B-type natriuretic in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary PCI: a prospective observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) from a pathophysiological perspective connects various pathways that affect the prognosis after myocardial infarction. The objective was to evaluate the benefits of measuring NGAL for prognostic stratification in addition to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score, and to compare it with the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).


DESIGN
Prospective observational cohort study.


SETTING
One university/tertiary centre.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 673 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction were treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. NGAL and BNP were assessed on hospital admission.


OUTCOMES



PRIMARY OUTCOME
1-year mortality.


SECONDARY OUTCOMES
1-year hospitalisation due to acute heart failure, unplanned revascularisation, reinfarction, stroke and combined end point of 1-year mortality and hospitalisation due to heart failure.


STATISTICAL METHODS
Using the c-statistic, the ability of NGAL, BNP and TIMI score to predict 1-year mortality alone and in combination with readmission for heart failure was evaluated. The addition of the predictive value of biomarkers to the score was assessed by category free net reclassification improvement (cfNRI) and the integrated discrimination index (IDI).


RESULTS
The NGAL level was significantly higher in non-survivors (67 vs 115 pg/mL; p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values for mortality prediction for NGAL, BNP and TIMI score were 75.5, 78.7 and 74.4, respectively (all p<0.001) with optimal cut-off values of 84 pg/mL for NGAL and 150 pg/mL for BNP. The addition of NGAL and BNP to the TIMI score significantly improved risk stratification according to cfNRI and IDI. A BNP and the combination of the TIMI score with NGAL predicted the occurrence of the combined end point with an AUC of 80.6 or 82.2, respectively. NGAL alone is a simple tool to identify very high-risk patients. NGAL >110 pg/mL was associated with a 1-year mortality of 20%.


CONCLUSIONS
The measurement of NGAL together with the TIMI score results in a strong prognostic model for the 1-year mortality rate in patients with STEMI.