LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Physical Properties of Liquids and Gases: Pure Substances and Mixtures

This book provides numerical data on physical and thermodynamic properties of a large number of elements and compounds. SI units are used throughout, and in addition, an adequate set of conversion tables is included. This volume will be a valuable source of reference for physical chemists and chemical engineers.
Optimally combining sampling techniques for Monte Carlo rendering

Monte Carlo integration is a powerful technique for the evaluation of difficult integrals. Applications in rendering include distribution ray tracing, Monte Carlo path tracing, and form-factor computation for radiosity methods. In these cases variance can often be significantly reduced by drawing samples from several distributions, each designed to sample well some difficult aspect of the integrand. Normally this is done by explicitly partitioning the integration domain into regions that are sampled differently. We present a powerful alternative for constructing robust Monte Carlo estimators, by combining samples from several distributions in a way that is provably good. These estimators are unbiased, and can reduce variance significantly at little additional cost. We present experiments and measurements from several areas in rendering: calculation of glossy highlights from area light sources, the “final gather” pass of some radiosity algorithms, and direct solution of the rendering equation using bidirectional path tracing. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism; I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation; G.1.9 [Numerical Analysis]: Integral Equations— Fredholm equations. Additional
Strengthening Exercises Improve Symptoms and Quality of Life but Do Not Change Autonomic Modulation in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE
Autonomic dysfunction is an important mechanism that could explain many symptoms observed in fibromyalgia (FM). Exercise is an effective treatment, with benefits potentially mediated through changes in autonomic modulation. Strengthening is one of the less studied exercises in FM, and the acute and chronic effects of strengthening on the autonomic system remain unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the chronic effects of strengthening exercises (STRE) on autonomic modulation, pain perception and the quality of life (QOL) of FM patients.


METHODS
Eighty sedentary women with FM (ACR 1990) were randomly selected to participate in STRE or flexibility (FLEX) exercises in a blinded controlled trial. The intensity of STRE was set at 45% of the estimated load of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM) in 12 different exercises. Outcomes were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis, treadmill test, the sit and reach test (Wells and Dillon's Bench), maximal repetitions test and handgrip dynamometry; and quality of life by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck and Idate Trait-State Inventory (IDATE), a short-form health survey (SF-36).


RESULTS
The STRE group was more effective to strength gain for all muscles and pain control after 4 and 16 weeks (p<0.05). The FLEX group showed higher improvements in anxiety (p<0.05). Both groups showed improvements in the QOL, and there was no significant difference observed between the groups. There was no change in the HRV of the STRE and FLEX groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Strengthening exercises show greater and more rapid improvements in pain and strength than flexibility exercises. Despite the benefits in fitness, pain, depression, anxiety and quality of life, no effect was observed on the autonomic modulation in both groups. This observation suggests that changes in autonomic modulation are not a target tobe clinically achieved in fibromyalgia.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02004405.
Using Genetic Algorithms for Group Activities in Elderly Communities

This paper proposes a model for group formation in elderly communities using Coalition Structure Generation Problem implemented by Genetic Algorithms. The model parameters are physical requirements, preferences and social relationships, being the model able to learn from each execution and improve the future configurations. The results show near-optimal solutions to all proposed scenarios, beating greatly the computational time of CPLEX.
Multiplication free vector quantization using L1 distortion measure and its variants

The author considers vector quantization that uses the L (1) distortion measure for its implementation. A gradient-based approach for codebook design that does not require any multiplications or median computation is proposed. Convergence of this method is proved rigorously under very mild conditions. Simulation examples comparing the performance of this technique with the LBG algorithm show that the gradient-based method, in spite of its simplicity, produces codebooks with average distortions that are comparable to the LBG algorithm. The codebook design algorithm is then extended to a distortion measure that has piecewise-linear characteristics. Once again, by appropriate selection of the parameters of the distortion measure, the encoding as well as the codebook design can be implemented with zero multiplications. The author applies the techniques in predictive vector quantization of images and demonstrates the viability of multiplication-free predictive vector quantization of image data.
Dopamine transporter imaging under high-dose transdermal nicotine therapy in Parkinson's disease: an observational study.

OBJECTIVES
Nicotine therapy might improve the course of Parkinson's disease. This observational study evaluated the performance of dopamine transporter imaging in follow-up patients under nicotine therapy.


METHODS
Six Hoehn and Yahr stage III patients underwent 123I-FP-CIT imaging prior to, 3 months, and 1 year after the onset of nicotine therapy. Nicotine was administered transdermally with increasing daily doses during 3 months (up to 105 mg/day) and decreased progressively. On co-registered magnetic resonance imaging, striatal regions of interest were drawn and binding potentials of 123I-FP-CIT were calculated.Changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III over time were compared with binding potentials using regression analysis.


RESULTS
All patients improved motor scores at 3 months (-65 +/- 22% 'off', -89 +/- 12% 'on') and most received fewer dopaminergic drugs (-30% dosage in average). Motor improvement persisted to a lesser extent at 1 year(-39 +/- 31% 'off', -13 +/- 43% 'on'), partly because one patient stopped the treatment. Interestingly, the decrease in binding potentials (-4.0 +/- 10.5%) was slower than that expected in Parkinsonian patients (usually -10% per year) and was inversely correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III improvement, r= 0.83 'off' and 0.91 'on'.


CONCLUSION
This observational study emphasizes a potential effect of nicotine therapy on striatal dopamine transporter density, which may be interpreted as direct pharmacological effect or deceleration of neuronal loss.
A Linear Algorithm for Embedding Planar Graphs Using PQ-Trees

This paper presents a simple linear algorithm for embedding (or drawing) a planar graph in the plane. The algorithm is based on the “vertex-addition” algorithm of Lempel, Even, and Cederbaum (“Theory of Graphs,” Intl. Sympos. Rome, July 1966, pp. 21>232, Gordon & Breach, New York, 1967) for the planarity testing, and is a modification of Booth and Lueker’s (J. Comput. System Sci. 13 (1976), 335379) implementation of the testing algorithm using a PQ-tree. Compared with the known embedding algorithm of Hopcroft and Tarjan (J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 21, No. 4 (1974), 549-568), this algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to understand or implement. Moreover this embedding algorithm can find all the embeddings of a planar graph.
MD-Logic Artificial Pancreas System

OBJECTIVE
Current state-of-the-art artificial pancreas systems are either based on traditional linear control theory or rely on mathematical models of glucose-insulin dynamics. Blood glucose control using these methods is limited due to the complexity of the biological system. The aim of this study was to describe the principles and clinical performance of the novel MD-Logic Artificial Pancreas (MDLAP) System.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The MDLAP applies fuzzy logic theory to imitate lines of reasoning of diabetes caregivers. It uses a combination of control-to-range and control-to-target strategies to automatically regulate individual glucose levels. Feasibility clinical studies were conducted in seven adults with type 1 diabetes (aged 19-30 years, mean diabetes duration 10 +/- 4 years, mean A1C 6.6 +/- 0.7%). All underwent 14 full, closed-loop control sessions of 8 h (fasting and meal challenge conditions) and 24 h.


RESULTS
The mean peak postprandial (overall sessions) glucose level was 224 +/- 22 mg/dl. Postprandial glucose levels returned to <180 mg/dl within 2.6 +/- 0.6 h and remained stable in the normal range for at least 1 h. During 24-h closed-loop control, 73% of the sensor values ranged between 70 and 180 mg/dl, 27% were >180 mg/dl, and none were <70 mg/dl. There were no events of symptomatic hypoglycemia during any of the trials.


CONCLUSIONS
The MDLAP system is a promising tool for individualized glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes. It is designed to minimize high glucose peaks while preventing hypoglycemia. Further studies are planned in the broad population under daily-life conditions.
Development and validation of a low-literacy Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease knowledge Questionnaire (COPD-Q).

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to develop a content valid, understandable, readable, and reliable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease knowledge Questionnaire (COPD-Q).


METHODS
Twenty-one questions were generated as potential items to include in the COPD-Q. Twenty-two content experts provided both qualitative and quantitative assessments of two COPD-Q drafts. Ten patient volunteers completed a field test to assess clarity of individual COPD-Q items. An additional 24 patient volunteers completed a pilot test to determine internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the COPD-Q. The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) was used to assess reading grade level of the COPD-Q.


RESULTS
Thirteen items were rated as "essential" (content validity ratio= p <0.05) by content experts and composed the final COPD-Q. Internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha, was 0.72. Test-retest reliability, using intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.90. The FRE score of the COPD-Q was 74.7 (equivalent to a 5th grade reading level).


CONCLUSION
The COPD-Q is a valid, readable and reliable knowledge assessment instrument for assessing COPD knowledge in patients who may have low health literacy skills.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Health care providers can use the COPD-Q to tailor counseling efforts according to individual patient needs, and to assess the effectiveness of their educational interventions.
Incremental Recurrent Neural Network Dependency Parser with Search-based Discriminative Training

We propose a discriminatively trained recurrent neural network (RNN) that predicts the actions for a fast and accurate shift-reduce dependency parser. The RNN uses its output-dependent model structure to compute hidden vectors that encode the preceding partial parse, and uses them to estimate probabilities of parser actions. Unlike a similar previous generative model (Henderson and Titov, 2010), the RNN is trained discriminatively to optimize a fast beam search. This beam search prunes after each shift action, so we add a correctness probability to each shift action and train this score to discriminate between correct and incorrect sequences of parser actions. We also speed up parsing time by caching computations for frequent feature combinations, including during training, giving us both faster training and a form of backoff smoothing. The resulting parser is over 35 times faster than its generative counterpart with nearly the same accuracy, producing state-of-art dependency parsing results while requiring minimal feature engineering. YAZDANI, Majid, HENDERSON, James. Incremental Recurrent Neural Network Dependency Parser with Search-based Discriminative Training. In: Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Language Learning. 2015. p. 142-152
Does an extended stroke unit service with early supported discharge have any effect on balance or walking speed?

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of an extended stroke unit service with early supported discharge on balance and walking speed, and to explore the association between initial leg paresis, initial movement ability and balance one year after stroke.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial comparing early supported discharge with ordinary stroke unit service.


PATIENTS
A total of 62 eligible patients after stroke.


METHODS
The outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale and walking speed at 1, 6, 26 and 52 weeks after stroke.


RESULTS
We found no significant differences between the 2 groups during follow-up. There was a significant improvement on Berg Balance Scale (p=0.013) and walking speed (p=0.022) in the early supported discharge group, but not in the ordinary service group, from 1 to 6 weeks' follow-up. All patients with initial severe leg paresis suffered from poor balance one year after the stroke. The odds ratio for poor balance was 42.1 (95% confidence interval; 3.5-513.9) among patients with no initial walking ability.


CONCLUSION
These results do not conclusively indicate that early supported discharge has an effect on balance. A strong association was found between initial severe leg paresis, initial inability to walk and poor balance after one year.
Reverse order laws for {1, 3, 4}-generalized inverses in C*-algebras

Abstract In this paper, we consider the reverse order laws for { 1 , 3 , 4 } -generalized inverses in C ∗ algebras. We present purely algebraic necessary and sufficient conditions for b { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⋅ a { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⊆ ( a b ) { 1 , 3 , 4 } and ( a b ) { 1 , 3 , 4 } = b { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⋅ a { 1 , 3 , 4 } . Also, we prove that ( a b ) { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⊆ b { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⋅ a { 1 , 3 , 4 } is actually equivalent to ( a b ) { 1 , 3 , 4 } = b { 1 , 3 , 4 } ⋅ a { 1 , 3 , 4 } .
Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Inner (area adjacent to the fovea) and outer regions of the macula differ with respect to relative thicknesses of the ganglion cell layer (neurons) vs retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL; axons).


OBJECTIVE
To determine how inner vs outer macular volumes relate to peripapillary RNFL thickness and visual function in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to examine how these patterns differ among eyes with vs without a history of acute optic neuritis (ON).


DESIGN
Study using cross-sectional optical coherence tomography.


SETTING
Three academic tertiary care MS centers.


PARTICIPANTS
Patients with MS, diagnosed by standard criteria, and disease-free control participants.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Optical coherence tomography was used to measure macular volumes and RNFL thickness. Visual function was assessed using low-contrast letter acuity and high-contrast visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts).


RESULTS
Among eyes of patients with MS (n = 1058 eyes of 530 patients), reduced macular volumes were associated with peripapillary RNFL thinning; 10-microm differences in RNFL thickness (9.6% of thickness in control participants without disease) corresponded to 0.20-mm(3) reductions in total macular volume (2.9% of volume in control participants without disease, P < .001). This relation was similar for eyes of MS patients with and without a history of ON. Although peripapillary RNFL thinning was more strongly associated with decrements in outer compared with inner macular volumes, correlations with inner macular volume were significant (r = 0.58, P < .001) and of slightly greater magnitude for eyes of MS patients with a history of ON vs eyes of MS patients without a history of ON (r = 0.61 vs r = 0.50). Lower (worse) visual function scores were associated with reduced total, inner, and outer macular volumes. However, accounting for peripapillary RNFL thickness, the relation between vision and inner macular volume remained significant and unchanged in magnitude, suggesting that this region contains retinal structures separate from RNFL axons that are important to vision.


CONCLUSIONS
Analogous to studies of gray matter in MS, these data provide evidence that reductions of volume in the macula (approximately 34% neuronal cells by average thickness) accompany RNFL axonal loss. Peripapillary RNFL thinning and inner macular volume loss are less strongly linked in eyes of MS patients without a history of ON than in eyes of MS patients with a history of ON, suggesting alternative mechanisms for neuronal cell loss. Longitudinal studies with segmentation of retinal layers will further explore the relation and timing of ganglion cell degeneration and RNFL thinning in MS.
Hydration properties of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in aqueous solution: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Ion hydration and its effects on water structure in different concentrations were studied using molecular dynamics (MD). The peak positions and intensity of radius distribution functions (RDF) of M + −Ow correlated strongly with the charge/radius ratio. And the coordination numbers of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ were 5.6, 6.7, 6.0 and 7.8, respectively. The ions’ hydration structure including Cl − weakly depended on the counter-ions and concentrations. Moreover, ions primarily affected the structure and kinetics of ion’s first hydration shell. As the concentrations increased, the RDFs for water slightly changed with decrease in the self-diffusion coefficients of water molecules and ions.
KEPLER: Keypoint and Pose Estimation of Unconstrained Faces by Learning Efficient H-CNN Regressors

Keypoint detection is one of the most importantpre-processing steps in tasks such as face modeling, recognitionand verification. In this paper, we present an iterative methodfor Keypoint Estimation and Pose prediction of unconstrainedfaces by Learning Efficient H-CNN Regressors (KEPLER) foraddressing the face alignment problem. Recent state of the artmethods have shown improvements in face keypoint detectionby employing Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). Althougha simple feed forward neural network can learn the mappingbetween input and output spaces, it cannot learn the inherentstructural dependencies. We present a novel architecture calledH-CNN (Heatmap-CNN) which captures structured global andlocal features and thus favors accurate keypoint detecion. H-CNNis jointly trained on the visibility, fiducials and 3D-pose of theface. As the iterations proceed, the error decreases making thegradients small and thus requiring efficient training of DCNNs tomitigate this. KEPLER performs global corrections in pose andfiducials for the first four iterations followed by local correctionsin a subsequent stage. As a by-product, KEPLER also provides3D pose (pitch, yaw and roll) of the face accurately. In thispaper, we show that without using any 3D information, KEPLERoutperforms state of the art methods for alignment on challengingdatasets such as AFW [38] and AFLW [17].
Genotyping on ALDH2: Comparison of Four Different Technologies

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the accuracy and performance of four genotyping methods for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), which is the principal enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism.


DESIGN AND METHODS
We genotyped rs671 of ALDH2 in 96 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with four methods including high resolution melting analysis (HRM), TaqMan allelic discrimination assay (TaqMan), allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and pyrosequencing. Meanwhile, we compared the accuracy and performance of these methods.


RESULTS
All selected patients were successfully genotyped with referred methods. The results of these four assays showed 100% concordant results and had 100% accuracy as verified by Sanger sequencing.


CONCLUSIONS
All of the referred methods can be used for genotyping ALDH2 rs671 with the same accuracy compared to Sanger sequencing. In small size of clinical samples, HRM and AS-PCR outperform over others due to their lower cost and less hands-on operation, which are suitable for clinical application.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of stylar canal cells identifies novel candidate genes implicated in the self-incompatibility response of Citrus clementina

Reproductive biology in citrus is still poorly understood. Although in recent years several efforts have been made to study pollen-pistil interaction and self-incompatibility, little information is available about the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes. Here we report the identification of candidate genes involved in pollen-pistil interaction and self-incompatibility in clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). These genes have been identified comparing the transcriptomes of laser-microdissected stylar canal cells (SCC) isolated from two genotypes differing for self-incompatibility response ('Comune', a self-incompatible cultivar and 'Monreal', a self- compatible mutation of 'Comune'). The transcriptome profiling of SCC indicated that the differential regulation of few specific, mostly uncharacterized transcripts is associated with the breakdown of self-incompatibility in 'Monreal'. Among them, a novel F-box gene showed a drastic up-regulation both in laser microdissected stylar canal cells and in self-pollinated whole styles with stigmas of 'Comune' in concomitance with the arrest of pollen tube growth. Moreover, we identify a non-characterized gene family as closely associated to the self-incompatibility genetic program activated in 'Comune'. Three different aspartic-acid rich (Asp-rich) protein genes, located in tandem in the clementine genome, were over-represented in the transcriptome of 'Comune'. These genes are tightly linked to a DELLA gene, previously found to be up-regulated in the self-incompatible genotype during pollen-pistil interaction. The highly specific transcriptome survey of the stylar canal cells identified novel genes which have not been previously associated with self-pollen rejection in citrus and in other plant species. Bioinformatic and transcriptional analyses suggested that the mutation leading to self-compatibility in 'Monreal' affected the expression of non-homologous genes located in a restricted genome region. Also, we hypothesize that the Asp-rich protein genes may act as Ca2+ "entrapping" proteins, potentially regulating Ca2+ homeostasis during self-pollen recognition.
Newly identified hyperglycemia among hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND
Earlier diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus is desirable. We studied the prevalence of newly identified diabetes among hospital inpatients.


METHODS
We did a prospective observational study in a community teaching hospital.


RESULTS
Thirty-six patients had hyperglycemia on at least 2 days and were considered to have newly identified diabetes mellitus. They represented approximately 1% of the inpatient population. Sixteen (44%) were receiving corticosteroid treatment. Five of the patients (14%) died during the hospitalization. Twenty-four (67%) received insulin treatment during hospitalization. Of the 31 surviving patients, only 15 (48%) had documentation of discharge plans for diabetes-related treatment, 7 (23%) received instruction by a dietitian, and 5 (16%) received education about diabetes self-management from a diabetes nurse educator.


CONCLUSION
Hospitalized patients with newly identified hyperglycemia represent an opportunity for early diagnosis, education, and treatment of a substantial proportion of patients with undiagnosed diabetes.