LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Wireless big data: transforming heterogeneous networks to smart networks

In HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks), each network is allocated with fixed spectrum resource and provides service to its assigned users using specific RAT (Radio Access Technology). Due to the high dynamics of load distribution among different networks, simply optimizing the performance of individual network can hardly meet the demands from the dramatically increasing access devices, the consequent upsurge of data traffic, and dynamic user QoE (Quality-of-Experience). The deployment of smart networks, which are supported by SRA (Smart Resource Allocation) among different networks and CUA (Cognitive User Access) among different users, is deemed a promising solution to these challenges. In this paper, we propose a frame-work to transform HetNets to smart networks by leveraging WBD (Wireless Big Data), CR (Cognitive Radio) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) techniques. CR and NFV support resource slicing in spectrum, physical layers, and network layers, while WBD is used to design intelligent mechanisms for resource mapping and traffic prediction through powerful AI (Artificial Intelligence) methods. We analyze the characteristics of WBD and review possible AI methods to be utilized in smart networks. In particular, the potential of WBD is revealed through high level view on SRA, which intelligently maps radio and network resources to each network for meeting the dynamic traffic demand, as well as CUA, which allows mobile users to access the best available network with manageable cost, yet achieving target QoS (Quality-of-Service) or QoE.
Bacteria and virus removal effectiveness of ceramic pot filters with different silver applications in a long term experiment.

In 2012 more than 4 million people used a ceramic pot filter (CPF) as household water treatment system for their daily drinking water needs. In the normal production protocol most low cost filters are impregnated with a silver solution to enhance the microbial removal efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the role of silver during the filtration and subsequent storage. Twenty-two CPFs with three different silver applications (non, only outside and both sides) were compared in a long-term loading experiment with Escherichia coli (K12 and WR1) and MS2 bacteriophages in natural challenge water under highly controlled laboratory circumstances. No significant difference in Log Removal Values were found between the filters with different silver applications. The results show that the storage time in the receptacle is the dominant parameter to reach E. coli inactivation by silver, and not the contact time during the filtration phase. The hypothesis that the absence of silver would enhance the virus removal, due to biofilm formation on the ceramic filter element, could not be confirmed. The removal effectiveness for viruses is still of major concern for the CPF. This study suggests that the ceramic pot filter characteristics, such as burnt material content, do not determine E. coli removal efficacies, but rather the contact time with silver during storage is the dominant parameter to reach E. coli inactivation.
Documentation of a hydrous ultramafic magma intrusion in the 1.62 Ga crust of southern Sweden

Abstract Field relationships and petrology of a mid Proterozoic (1624±6 Ma) hornblendite from southwestern Sweden demonstrate that it originated as a mafic-ultramafic hydrous melt. Lobes and veins of hornblendite penetrate the surrounding gneiss and small gneiss xenoliths lie in the main body of the hornblendite, evidence that it intruded with relatively low viscosity. The hornblendite has a composition compatible with its derivation from the mantle at 6 GPa and a geochemical subduction signature indicating a subduction zone origin. It is suggested that the hornblendite represents an intrusive equivalent to primitive lavas seen in Phanerozoic subduction zones that form by melting of metasomatised hydrous mantle.
Safer Ratios, Riskier Portfolios: Banks’ Response to Government Aid

We study the effect of government assistance on bank risk taking. Using hand-collected data on bank applications for government investment funds, we investigate the effect of both application approvals and denials. To distinguish banks’ risk taking behavior from changes in economic conditions, we control for the volume and quality of credit demand based on micro-level data on home mortgages and corporate loans. Our difference-indifference analysis indicates that banks make riskier loans and shift investment portfolios toward riskier securities after being approved for government assistance. However, this shift in risk occurs mostly within the same asset class and, therefore, remains undetected by the closely-monitored capitalization levels, which indicate an improved capital position at approved banks. Consequently, these banks appear safer according to regulatory ratios, but show a significant increase in measures of volatility and default risk.  We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Millstein Center for Corporate Governance at Yale University. We also thank Sumit Agarwal, Christa Bouwman, Charles Hadlock, Augustin Landier, Mitchell Petersen, Tigran Poghosyan, and conference participants at the 2012 NYU Credit Risk Conference, the 2012 Adam Smith Corporate Finance Conference at Oxford University, the 2012 Journal of Accounting Research Pre-Conference at Chicago-Booth, the 2012 Singapore International Conference on Finance, the 2012 CEPR Conference on Finance and the Real Economy, the 2012 IBEFA Annual Meeting, the 2011 Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) annual meeting, the 2011 FDIC Banking Research Conference, the 2011 FinLawMetrics Conference at Bocconi University, and the 2011 Michigan Finance and Economics Conference, as well as seminar participants at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Emory University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Michigan State University, Norwegian Business School, Norwegian School of Economics, the University of Hong Kong, the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, the University of Illinois at Chicago, the University of Michigan, the University of Washington, and Vanderbilt University. 1
Soft Computing and Hybrid AI Approaches to Intelligent Manufacturing

The application of pattern recognition (PR) techniques, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and nowadays hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in manufacturing can be regarded as consecutive elements of a process started two decades ago. The fundamental aim of the paper is to outline the importance of soft computing and hybrid AI techniques in manufacturing by introducing a genetic algorithm (GA) based dynamic job shop scheduler and the integrated use of neural, fuzzy and GA techniques for modeling, control and monitoring purposes.
Quantum Circuit Complexity

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The Knowledge Level

As the first AAA! presidential address, this paper focuses on a basic substantive problem: the nature of knowledge and representation. There are ample indications that artificial intelligence is in need of substantial work in this area* eg, a recent SIGART special issue on Knowledge Representation edited by Ron Brachman and Brian Smithl/The paper proposes a theory of the nature of knowledge, namely, that there is another computer system level immediately above the symbol (or program) level. The nature of computer system levels is reviewed, the new level proposed, and its definition is treated in detail. Knowledge itself is the processing medium at this level and the principle of rationality plays a central role. Some consequences of the existence of the knowledge level and some relations to other fields are discussed. Accession For NTIS GRA&I DTIC TAB Unannounced □ MM^ftiZzz. By Distribution/ Availability Codes Mst fl Avail and/or Special
Wavelets in Medical Image Processing: Denoising, Segmentation, and Registration

Wavelet transforms and other multi-scale analysis functions have been used for compact signal and image representations in de-noising, compression and feature detection processing problems for about twenty years. Numerous research works have proven that space-frequency and spacescale expansions with this family of analysis functions provided a very efficient framework for signal or image data. The wavelet transform itself offers great design flexibility. Basis selection, spatial-frequency tiling, and various wavelet threshold strategies can be optimized for best adaptation to a processing application, data characteristics and feature of interest. Fast implementation of wavelet transforms using a filter-bank framework enable real time processing capability. Instead of trying to replace standard image processing techniques, wavelet transforms offer an efficient representation of the signal, finely tuned to its intrinsic properties. By combining such representations with simple processing techniques in the transform domain, multi-scale analysis can accomplish remarkable performance and efficiency for many image processing problems.
Prospective evaluation of skin and nipple-areola sensation and patient satisfaction after nipple-sparing mastectomy.

BACKGROUND
Sensation and quality of life (QOL) before and after nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) are poorly understood.


METHODS
Women electing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction and eligible for NSM were prospectively enrolled in a sensation and satisfaction/QOL study. Women self-selected skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or NSM. Skin sensation testing using Semmes Weinstein monofilaments and patient satisfaction/QOL surveys were administered preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively.


RESULTS
53 patients were enrolled (n = 38, 72% NSM and n = 15, 28% SSM). Both groups had significant reduction in postoperative skin sensation. For NSM, measurable NAC sensation was preserved in both NAC for 26% of patients and in one NAC for 68%. QOL and satisfaction was similar between groups. Neither group was satisfied with sexual arousal with breast or nipple stimulation after surgery.


CONCLUSION
Patients undergoing SSM and NSM have considerable loss in skin and NAC sensation following surgery. Satisfaction and QOL did not differ between groups. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:11-16. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The validity of physical therapy assessment of low back pain via telerehabilitation in a clinical setting.

BACKGROUND
Back pain is a common and disabling condition for people in rural and remote areas. In these areas, access to rehabilitation services is limited by service availability. Telerehabilitation is suggested as a solution for providing physical therapy services; however, the validity of clinical assessment is largely unproven. The aim of this study was to establish the validity of clinically pragmatic remote assessment of spinal posture, active movements of the lumbar spine, and the passive straight leg raise (SLR) test.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Face-to-face physical therapist assessment was compared with telerehabilitation assessment of spinal posture, active movements of the lumbar spine, and the SLR test. Twenty-six participants recruited from a rural population with current or recent low back pain (LBP) were assessed by a face-to-face physical therapist and a remote physical therapist. Pain, disability, and clinical measurements were assessed. Outcomes were compared to establish agreement.


RESULTS
High levels of agreement were found with detecting pain with specific lumbar movements, eliciting symptoms, and sensitizing the SLR test. Moderate agreement occurred with identifying the worst lumbar spine movement direction, SLR range of motion, and active lumbar spine range of motion. Poor agreement occurred with postural analysis and identifying reasons for limitations to lumbar movements.


CONCLUSIONS
Conducted in a rural clinical setting, this study validates elements of the physical assessment of the lumbar spine and identifies technical and clinical issues to be addressed by future research. Important components of the standard musculoskeletal assessment of LBP are valid via telerehabilitation in a clinical setting.
Epidemiology, Impact and Control of Rabies in Nepal: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral zoonosis belonging to the group of neglected tropical diseases. Exposure to a rabid animal may result in a fatal acute encephalitis if effective post-exposure prophylaxis is not provided. Rabies occurs worldwide, but its burden is disproportionately high in developing countries, including Nepal. We aimed to summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, impact and control of rabies in Nepal.


METHODS
We performed a systematic review of international and national scientific literature and searched grey literature through the World Health Organization Digital Library and the library of the National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre, Nepal, and through searching Google and Google Scholar. Further data on animal and human rabies were obtained from the relevant Nepalese government agencies. Finally, we surveyed the archives of a Nepalese daily to obtain qualitative information on rabies in Nepal.


FINDINGS
So far, only little original research has been conducted on the epidemiology and impact of rabies in Nepal. Per year, rabies is reported to kill about 100 livestock and 10-100 humans, while about 1,000 livestock and 35,000 humans are reported to receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. However, these estimates are very likely to be serious underestimations of the true rabies burden. Significant progress has been made in the production of cell culture-based anti-rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin, but availability and supply remain a matter of concern, especially in remote areas. Different state and non-state actors have initiated rabies control activities over the years, but efforts typically remained focalized, of short duration and not harmonized. Communication and coordination between veterinary and human health authorities is limited at present, further complicating rabies control in Nepal. Important research gaps include the reporting biases for both human and animal rabies, the ecology of stray dog populations and the true contribution of the sylvatic cycle.


INTERPRETATION
Better data are needed to unravel the true burden of animal and human rabies. More collaboration, both within the country and within the region, is needed to control rabies. To achieve these goals, high level political commitment is essential. We therefore propose to make rabies the model zoonosis for successful control in Nepal.
Gaze cueing elicited by emotional faces is influenced by affective context

When we observe someone shift their gaze to a peripheral event or object, a corresponding shift in our own attention often follows. This social orienting response, joint attention, has been studied in the laboratory using the gaze cueing paradigm. Here, we investigate the combined influence of the emotional content displayed in two critical components of a joint attention episode: The facial expression of the cue face, and the affective nature of the to-be-localized target object. Hence, we presented participants with happy and disgusted faces as cueing stimuli, and neutral (Experiment 1), pleasant and unpleasant (Experiment 2) pictures as target stimuli. The findings demonstrate an effect of 'emotional context' confined to participants viewing pleasant pictures. Specifically, gaze cueing was boosted when the emotion of the gazing face (i.e., happy) matched that of the targets (pleasant). Demonstrating modulation by emotional context highlights the vital flexibility that a successful joint attention system requires in order to assist our navigation of the social world.
Improving Deep Pancreas Segmentation in CT and MRI Images via Recurrent Neural Contextual Learning and Direct Loss Function

Deep neural networks have demonstrated very promising performance on accurate segmentation of challenging organs (e.g., pancreas) in abdominal CT and MRI scans. The current deep learning approaches conduct pancreas segmentation by processing sequences of 2D image slices independently through deep, dense per-pixel masking for each image, without explicitly enforcing spatial consistency constraint on segmentation of successive slices. We propose a new convolutional/recurrent neural network architecture to address the contextual learning and segmentation consistency problem. A deep convolutional sub-network is first designed and pre-trained from scratch. The output layer of this network module is then connected to recurrent layers and can be fine-tuned for contextual learning, in an end-to-end manner. Our recurrent sub-network is a type of Long short-term memory (LSTM) network that performs segmentation on an image by integrating its neighboring slice segmentation predictions, in the form of a dependent sequence processing. Additionally, a novel segmentation-direct loss function (named Jaccard Loss) is proposed and deep networks are trained to optimize Jaccard Index (JI) directly. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate our proposed deep models, on quantitative pancreas segmentation using both CT and MRI scans. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art work on CT [11] and MRI pancreas segmentation [1], respectively.
Effect on attendance at breast cancer screening of adding a self administered questionnaire to the usual invitation to breast screening in southern England.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of the research described in this paper was to ascertain whether inclusion of a self administered questionnaire with the usual invitation to routine breast screening affected screening uptake. Secondary aims included establishing appropriate questionnaire distribution and collection methods within the framework of the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme and optimisation of questionnaire design.


DESIGN
Randomised study.


SETTING
Oxfordshire and West of London Breast Screening Units.


PARTICIPANTS/METHODS
6400 women invited for routine screening mammography were individually randomised to receive either the usual breast screening invitation alone, or to receive the usual invitation accompanied by a self administered questionnaire, to be returned at the time of screening. Participants were then followed up and attendance rates at screening were compared between groups.


MAIN RESULTS
Screening attendance rates were similar in women who did and did not receive a questionnaire (71% in each group). Of those who were sent a questionnaire and attended for screening, 77% returned a completed questionnaire. Screening uptake was not affected by the way in which the questionnaire was returned or by whether or not personal details and signed permission for follow up were requested.


CONCLUSIONS
The inclusion of a self administered questionnaire accompanying the invitation to breast screening did not adversely affect screening uptake. A high proportion of women completed the questionnaire.
Risk factors of acute pulmonary thromboembolism in Japanese patients hospitalized for medical illness: results of a multicenter registry in the Japanese society of pulmonary embolism research

Background: Although the prophylaxis of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) in hospitalized patients has been improving in Japan, there is no report concerning APTE of Japanese medical patients. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of APTE in Japanese patients hospitalized for medical illness, through a retrospective study. Methods: In a total of 1,438 registry patients with pulmonary thromboembolism for recent 10 years, 1,027 patients with APTE were analyzed with respect to underlying diseases or predisposing factors, and clinical course. Results: A hundred thirty three patients hospitalized for medical illness developed APTE, among 433 in-hospital APTE patients. The prevalence of APTE in women was more than in men. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 61 ± 17 years. Main risk factors were a prolonged immobilization, stroke, cancer, indwelling central venous catheter. Fifty-four patients had 3 or more risk factors. In-hospital mortality rate was 23%. Conclusions: Japanese patients in this registry had almost the same findings as in western patients, except for some points that had the possibility of demonstrating a difference between westerners and Japanese in the development of APTE. Our results will be available for establishing the prevention of APTE in medical patients in Japan.
Foreign Language Anxiety in Young Learners: How It Relates to Multiple Intelligences, Learner Attitudes, and Perceived Competence

This study explores language anxiety in young EFL students and how it relates to two other major learner variables, multiple intelligences (MI) and learner attitudes. Participants included 216 fifth and sixth graders from two elementary schools, and the findings indicate that the subjects experienced a fair amount of language anxiety. An analysis of student responses revealed that their top five worries were: (1) failing English courses, (2) feeling that other students have a better English speaking ability, (3) feeling that other classmates have better English performance, (4) being called on in English class, and (5) not being prepared in advance when the teacher asks questions. The results illustrate two major components of foreign language anxiety: general worry over language class performance and little confidence in speaking ability. Further, language anxiety was found to be significantly and negatively related to all variables studied. In order of decreasing association, these variables included: perceived English ability, learning attitude, years of taking extracurricular English lessons, length of studying the language, and MI. Out of the three major learner variables, language anxiety appeared to have a much stronger link with learning attitude than with MI. A more in-depth statistical analysis revealed that the anxiety of students classified as having lowand mid-level positive attitudes (lowest 25% and middle 50%, respectively) did not differ significantly. Nevertheless, students with high-level positive attitudes (top 25%) had significantly lower language anxiety than their counterparts. The implications of these results are discussed in this study.