LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection in Networks with Changing Trends

Dynamic networks, also called network streams, are an important data representation that applies to many real-world domains. Many sets of network data such as e-mail networks, social networks, or internet traffic networks have been analyzed in the past mostly using static network models and are better represented by a dynamic network due to the temporal component of the data. One important application in the domain of dynamic network analysis is anomaly detection. Here the task is to identify points in time where the network exhibits behavior radically different from a typical time, either due to some event (like the failure of machines in a computer network) or a shift in the network properties. This problem is made more difficult by the fluid nature of what is considered ”normal” network behavior: a network can change over the course of a month or even vary based on the hour of the day without being considered unusual. A number of anomaly detection techniques exists for standard time series data that exhibit these kinds of trends but adapting these algorithms for a network domain requires additional considerations. In particular many different kinds of network statistics such as degree distribution or clustering coefficient are dependent on the total network degree. Existing dynamic network anomaly detection algorithms do not consider network trends or dependencies of network statistics with degree and as such are biased towards flagging sparser or denser time steps depending on the network statistics used. In this paper we will introduce a new anomaly detection algorithm dTrend which overcomes these problems in two ways: by first applying detrending techniques in a network domain and then by using a new set of network statistics designed to be less dependent on network degree. By combining these two approaches into the dTrend algorithm we create a network anomaly detector which can find anomalies regardless of degree changes. When compared to current techniques, dTrend produces up to a 2x improvement in F1 score on networks with underlying trends. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ODD’14, August 24th, 2014, New York, NY, USA. Copyright 2014 ACM 978-1-4503-2998-9 ...$15.00.
Multi criteria decision making using correlation coefficient under rough neutrosophic environment

In this paper, we define correlation coefficient measure between any two rough neutrosophic sets. We also prove some of its basic properties.. We develop a new multiple attribute group decision making method based on the proposed correlation coefficient measure. An illustrative example of medical diagnosis is solved to demonstrate the applicability and effecriveness of the proposed method.
Phase III study comparing oxaliplatin plus S-1 with cisplatin plus S-1 in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) as an alternative to cisplatin plus S-1 (CS) in first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III study, patients were randomly assigned to receive SOX (80-120 mg/day S-1 for 2 weeks with 100 mg/m(2) oxaliplatin on day 1, every 3 weeks) or CS (S-1 for 3 weeks with 60 mg/m(2) cisplatin on day 8, every 5 weeks). The primary end points were noninferiority in progression-free survival (PFS) and relative efficacy in overall survival (OS) for SOX using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with stratification factors; performance status and unresectable or recurrent (+adjuvant chemotherapy) disease.


RESULTS
Overall, 685 patients were randomized from January 2010 to October 2011. In per-protocol population, SOX (n = 318) was noninferior to CS (n = 324) in PFS [median, 5.5 versus 5.4 months; HR 1.004, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.840-1.199; predefined noninferiority margin 1.30]. The median OS for SOX and CS were 14.1 and 13.1 months, respectively (HR 0.958 with 95% CI 0.803-1.142). In the intention-to-treat population (SOX, n = 339; CS, n = 337), the HRs in PFS and OS were 0.979 (95% CI 0.821-1.167) and 0.934 (95% CI 0.786-1.108), respectively. The most common ≥grade 3 adverse events (SOX versus CS) were neutropenia (19.5% versus 41.8%), anemia (15.1% versus 32.5%), hyponatremia (4.4% versus 13.4%), febrile neutropenia (0.9% versus 6.9%), and sensory neuropathy (4.7% versus 0%).


CONCLUSION
SOX is as effective as CS for AGC with favorable safety profile, therefore SOX can replace CS.


CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
JapicCTI-101021.
Preliminary results of a phase I/II study of simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this article is to present preliminary results of simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).


METHODS
Fifty-eight patients who underwent simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for NPC in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University between September 2004 and December 2009 were eligible. Acute and late toxicities were scored weekly according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute and late radiation morbidity scoring schemes. An especial focus was on evidence of post-radiation brain injury. Also quality of life was analysed according to the EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) recommendations. Discrete variables were compared by ?2 test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates and generate survival curves.


RESULTS
A total of 58 patients with a mean follow-up time of 36 months completed clinical trials.Fifty- seven patients (98.3) achieved complete remission in the primary sites and cervical lymph nodes, with only one patient (1.7%) showing partial remission.The most frequently observed acute toxicities during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy were mucositis and leucopenia. Four patients (6.9%) had RTOG grade 3 mucositis, whereas four patients (6.9%) had grade 3 leucopenia. No patient had grade 4 acute toxicity. Three (5.17%) of the patients exhibited injury to the brain on routine MRI examination, with a median observation of 32 months (range, 25-42months). All of them were RTOG grade 0. The 3-year overall, regional-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 85%, 94% and 91%, respectively.


CONCLUSION
Simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy is feasible in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results showed excellent local control and overall survival, with no significant increase the incidence of radiation brain injury or the extent of damage. A larger population of patients and a longer follow-up period are needed to evaluate ultimate tumor control and late toxicity.
Absence of cardiac valve dysfunction in obese patients treated with sibutramine.

OBJECTIVE
Serotonin-releasing agents prescribed as weight-loss medications have been implicated as a cause of acquired aortic and mitral valve abnormalities. Sibutramine hydrochloride (MERIDIA) is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with proven efficacy of weight reduction. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cardiac valve disease in sibutraminetreated patients.


RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, 12-month study of sibutramine (followed by a 12-month open label extension) underwent transthoracic echocardiographic imaging and color Doppler interrogation for assessment of cardiac valve anatomy and function.


RESULTS
A total of 210 patients were evaluated. Of these, 133 were receiving sibutramine (72 in the double-blind period), and 77 were receiving placebo. The mean+/-Standard Deviation age was 54+/-9 years, and the mean duration of treatment was 229+/-117 days (approximately 7.6 months). The prevalence of left-sided cardiac valve dysfunction was low and similar for the two treatment groups (sibutramine 3/133, or 2.3%; placebo 2/77, or 2.6%). All five cases were cases of aortic insufficiency; four were mild, one was severe (in a placebo patient). All three sibutramine cases were patients over age 50; two had a history of systemic hypertension.


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of left-sided cardiac valve dysfunction was not higher than background in obese patients treated with sibutramine for an average of 7.6 months.
Implantable RF Medical Devices: The Benefits of High-Speed Communication and Much Greater Communication Distances in Biomedical Applications

In the early ages of implantable devices, radio frequency (RF) technologies were not commonplace due to the challenges stemming from the inherent nature of biological tissue boundaries. As technology improved and our understanding matured, the benefit of RF in biomedical applications surpassed the implementation challenges and is thus becoming more widespread. The fundamental challenge is due to the significant electromagnetic (EM) effects of the body at high frequencies. The EM absorption and impedance boundaries of biological tissue result in significant reduction of power and signal integrity for transcutaneous propagation of RF fields. Furthermore, the dielectric properties of the body tissue surrounding the implant must be accounted for in the design of its RF components, such as antennas and inductors, and the tissue is often heterogeneous and the properties are highly variable. Additional challenges for implantable applications include the need for miniaturization, power minimization, and often accounting for a conductive casing due to biocompatibility and hermeticity requirements [1]?[3]. Today, wireless technologies are essentially a must have in most electrical implants due to the need to communicate with the device and even transfer usable energy to the implant [4], [5]. Low-frequency wireless technologies face fewer challenges in this implantable setting than its higher frequency, or RF, counterpart, but are limited to much lower communication speeds and typically have a very limited operating distance. The benefits of high-speed communication and much greater communication distances in biomedical applications have spawned numerous wireless standards committees, and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated numerous frequency bands for medical telemetry as well as those to specifically target implantable applications. The development of analytical models, advanced EM simulation software, and representative RF human phantom recipes has significantly facilitated design and optimization of RF components for implantable applications.
Biochemical and ultrasound aspects in chronic viral hepatitis C patients.

AIM
Biochemical and ultrasound investigations in patients with chronic hepatitis C on a 48-week anti-viral regimen.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A group of 6 patients, 4 women and 2 men, age range 24-61, were evaluated at the beginning of therapy and compared after 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a and peginterferon alpha-2b regimen at doses established by the National Treatment Program approved by the Romanian National Health Insurance House.


RESULTS
ALT and AST levels have decreased in all patients. The viral load was undetectable in two patients, both females, after 48 weeks of therapy. Ultrasound images showed a decrease in size of the right and left hepatic lobes and portal vein diameter after 48 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhibition of virus by interferon and ribavirin resulted in the reduction of inflammatory phenomena and regenerative fibrosis noticed after a very long period of time (at least 48 weeks). Further studies performed on larger patient groups are needed in order to better describe all these changes.
Fake iris detection based on 3D structure of iris pattern

A new fake iris detection method based on 3D feature of iris pattern is proposed. In pervious researches, they did not consider 3D structure of iris pattern, but only used 2D features of iris image. However, in our method, by using four near infra-red (NIR) illuminators attached on the left and right sides of iris camera, we could obtain the iris image in which the 3D structure of iris pattern could be shown distinctively. Based on that, we could determine the live or fake iris by wavelet analysis of the 3D feature of iris pattern. Experimental result showed that the Equal Error Rate (EER) of determining the live or fake iris was 0.33%. VC 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 162–166, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20227
An adaptive portfolio trading system: A risk-return portfolio optimization using recurrent reinforcement learning with expected maximum drawdown

Dynamic control theory has long been used in solving optimal asset allocation problems, and a number of trading decision systems based on reinforcement learning methods have been applied in asset allocation and portfolio rebalancing. In this paper, we extend the existing work in recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) and build an optimal variable weight portfolio allocation under a coherent downside risk measure, the expected maximum drawdown, E(MDD). In particular, we propose a recurrent reinforcement learning method, with a coherent risk adjusted performance objective function, the Calmar ratio, to obtain both buy and sell signals and asset allocation weights. Using a portfolio consisting of the most frequently traded exchange-traded funds, we show that the expected maximum drawdown risk based objective function yields superior return performance compared to previously proposed RRL objective functions (i.e. the Sharpe ratio and the Sterling ratio), and that variable weight RRL long/short portfolios outperform equal weight RRL long/short portfolios under different transaction cost scenarios. We further propose an adaptive E(MDD) risk based RRL portfolio rebalancing decision system with a transaction cost and market condition stop-loss retraining mechanism, and we show that the ∗Corresponding author: Steve Y. Yang, Postal address: School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Tel.: +1 201 216 3394 Fax: +1 201 216 5385 Email addresses: salmahdi@stevens.edu (Saud Almahdi), steve.yang@stevens.edu (Steve Y. Yang) Preprint submitted to Expert Systems with Applications June 15, 2017
Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications.

OBJECTIVE
Ginkgo biloba may have a role in treating impairments in memory, cognitive speed, activities of daily living (ADL), edema, inflammation, and free-radical toxicity associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's dementia, stroke, vasoocclusive disorders, and aging. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract.


DATA SOURCES
Empirical studies, reviews, chapters, and conference proceedings were identified in the following databases: Medline, the Research Council for Complementary Medicine based on the British Library database, and Psychlnfo. Ginkgo biloba, EGb 761, Tanakan, Tebonin, Rokan, and LI 1370 were the principal index terms.


STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Controlled clinical studies with both positive and negative findings are included, in addition to animals studies illustrating mechanisms of activity.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Ginkgo has shown activity centrally and peripherally, affecting electrochemical, physiologic, neurologic, and vascular systems in animals and humans with few adverse side effects or drug interactions. Ginkgo shows promise in patients with dementia, normal aging, and cerebrovascular-related disorders. Clinical indications include memory, information processing, and ADL.


CONCLUSIONS
Ginkgo shows promise in treating some of the neurologic sequelae associated with Alzheimer's disease, TBI, stroke, normal aging, edema, tinnitus, and macular degeneration. Mechanisms of action may include antioxidant, neurotransmitter/receptor modulatory, and antiplatelet activating factor properties. While safe, caution is advised when recommending ginkgo to patients taking anticoagulants. Future studies should examine dose effects, component activity, mechanisms, and clinical applications.
Getting Closer or Drifting Apart

Advances in communication and transportation technologies have the potential to bring people closer together and create a ‘global village’. However, they also allow heterogenous agents to segregate along special interests which gives rise to communities fragmented by type rather than geography. We show that lower communication costs should always decrease separation between individual agents even as group-based separation increases. Each measure of separation is pertinent for distinct types of social interaction. A group-based measure captures the diversity of group preferences that can have an impact on the provision of public goods. An individual measure correlates with the speed of information transmission through the social network that affects, for example, learning about job opportunities and new technologies. We test the model by looking at coauthoring between academic economists before and during the rise of the Internet in the 1990s. JEL Classification: D43, D46, K23, L12, L96
Amygdala-frontal couplings characterizing SSRI and placebo response in social anxiety disorder.

UNLABELLED
In patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) it has been reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and placebo induce anxiolytic effects by attenuating neural activity in overlapping amygdala subregions, i.e. left basolateral and right ventrolateral amygdala. However, it is not known whether these treatments inhibit amygdala subregions via similar or distinct brain pathways. As anxiolytic treatments may alter amygdala-frontal couplings we investigated differences and similarities in amygdala-frontal functional co-activation patterns between responders and nonresponders to SSRIs and placebo in patients with SAD. Positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15-labeled water was used to measure anxiety-related regional cerebral blood flow in 72 patients with SAD before and after 6-8 wk of treatment under double-blind conditions. Functional couplings were evaluated with a seed region approach using voxel values from the left basolateral and right ventrolateral amygdala. Responders and nonresponders to SSRIs and placebo showed different treatment-induced co-activations between the left amygdala and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as well as the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Conjunction analysis suggested shared anxiolysis-dependent inverse co-activations in SSRI and placebo responders between the left amygdala-dlPFC and left amygdala-rostral ACC, and a shared positive co-activation between left amygdala-dorsal ACC. We demonstrate that amygdala-frontal co-activation patterns differentiate effective from ineffective anxiolytic treatments and that SSRI and placebo responders share overlapping neuromodulatory paths that may underlie improved emotion regulation and reduced expression of anxiety.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00343707.
Monitoring of present crustal movements in the Lovozero massif by high-precision methods

Abstract The Lovozero massif, situated in the vicinity of the Khibini massif and in the center of the Kola peninsula, had practically not been studied up to recently in respect of manifestations of present-day movements of the Earth's crust and geodynamics. However, in connection with the problem of mining, a number of new data have now been obtained in this field in the last years. Values and rates of the present-day block movements of the Earth's crust within the region of the Lovozero massif were originally determined by geomorphological investigations. Over the last years, the instrumental observations are being carried out both on the surface and in underground workings driven specially for this purpose.
Quantized Neural Networks: Training Neural Networks with Low Precision Weights and Activations

We introduce a method to train Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) — neural networks with extremely low precision (e.g., 1-bit) weights and activations, at run-time. At traintime the quantized weights and activations are used for computing the parameter gradients. During the forward pass, QNNs drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and replace most arithmetic operations with bit-wise operations. As a result, power consumption is expected to be drastically reduced. We trained QNNs over the MNIST, CIFAR-10, SVHN and ImageNet datasets. The resulting QNNs achieve prediction accuracy comparable to their 32-bit counterparts. For example, our quantized version of AlexNet with 1-bit weights and 2-bit activations achieves 51% top-1 accuracy. Moreover, we quantize the parameter gradients to 6-bits as well which enables gradients computation using only bit-wise operation. Quantized recurrent neural networks were tested over the Penn Treebank dataset, and achieved comparable accuracy as their 32-bit counterparts using only 4-bits. Last but not least, we programmed a binary matrix multiplication GPU kernel with which it is possible to run our MNIST QNN 7 times faster than with an unoptimized GPU kernel, without suffering any loss in classification accuracy. The QNN code is available online. c ©2018 Itay Hubara, Matthieu Courbariaux, Daniel Soudry, Ran El-Yaniv, Yoshua Bengio. License: CC-BY 4.0, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Attribution requirements are provided at http://jmlr.org/papers/v18/16-456.html. Hubara, Courbariaux, Soudry, El-Yaniv and Bengio
Bioremediation measure to minimize heavy metals accumulation in soils and crops irrigated with city effluent

A survey was conducted to monitor the influence of city sewage irrigation on the heavy metal build up in soils around Bhopal. Concentration of the heavy metals in effluent was within safe limits. Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid extractable Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the sewage irrigated surface soil ranged 3.5-6.8, 0.15-0.40, 2.56-5.58, 1.59-3.89, 0.45-0.55, 3.5-15.8, 3.6-8.5, 1.2-3.6, 1.53-6.59 mg/kg respectively. Continuous sewage irrigation resulted in accumulation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in surface 0-15 cm layer by 5, 6, 0.4, 8, 0.6, 3.16, 5, 2, 3 times more compared to adjoining tube well irrigated soils. Studies revealed that accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu was higher mostly in the roots of various crops irrigated with city sewage effluent compared to that of tube well water irrigated crops. Amongst the crops, carrot and spinach showed the tendency of higher metal accumulation. Bioremediation measure is now a day adopted to reduce the heavy metal load in agricultural field. Keeping in view, a laboratory experiment was also conducted to know the biosorption capacity of heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) by different fungi viz. Pleurotus florida, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp and Aspergillus awamorii to mitigate the problem of heavy metals accumulation in soils and crops irrigated with sewage water. Growth of those fungi was studied with the graded doses of Cd (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L) and Cr (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L). Pleurotus florida which sorbed highest amount of heavy metals and can survive at higher levels of heavy metals, can be used as a bio-filter to remove the heavy metals from sewage water.