LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the complexities of building physics and human behaviour in achieving a nearly zero energy building

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) 
for this research (Grant No. RSF1295). The authors would also like to thank the National University of Ireland Galway and particularly the Department of Civil Engineering in the College of 
Engineering and Informatics for the help with the project
Effect of Movement Velocity During Resistance Training on Dynamic Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND
Movement velocity is an acute resistance-training variable that can be manipulated to potentially optimize dynamic muscular strength development. However, it is unclear whether performing faster or slower repetitions actually influences dynamic muscular strength gains.


OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of movement velocity during resistance training on dynamic muscular strength.


METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to movement velocity and resistance training. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: randomized and non-randomized comparative studies; published in English; included healthy adults; used isotonic resistance-exercise interventions directly comparing fast or explosive training to slower movement velocity training; matched in prescribed intensity and volume; duration ≥4 weeks; and measured dynamic muscular strength changes.


RESULTS
A total of 15 studies were identified that investigated movement velocity in accordance with the criteria outlined. Fast and moderate-slow resistance training were found to produce similar increases in dynamic muscular strength when all studies were included. However, when intensity was accounted for, there was a trend for a small effect favoring fast compared with moderate-slow training when moderate intensities, defined as 60-79% one repetition maximum, were used (effect size 0.31; p = 0.06). Strength gains between conditions were not influenced by training status and age.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the results suggest that fast and moderate-slow resistance training improve dynamic muscular strength similarly in individuals within a wide range of training statuses and ages. Resistance training performed at fast movement velocities using moderate intensities showed a trend for superior muscular strength gains as compared to moderate-slow resistance training. Both training practices should be considered for novice to advanced, young and older resistance trainers targeting dynamic muscular strength.
Speaker independent audio-visual database for bimodal ASR

This paper describes the audio-visual database collected at AT&T Labs{Research for the study of bimodal speech recognition. To date, this database consists of two multiple speaker parts, namely isolated confusable words and connected letters, thus allowing the study of some popular and relatively simple speaker independent audio-visual recognition tasks. In addition, a single speaker connected digits database is collected to facilitate speedy development and testing of various algorithms. Intentionally, no lip markings are used on the subjects during data collection. Development of robust and speaker independent algorithms for mouth location and lip contour extraction is thus necessary in order to obtain informative features about visual speech (visual front end). We describe our approach to this problem, and we report our automatic speech-reading and audio-visual speech recognition results on the single speaker connected digits task.
A compact antenna for ultrawide-band applications

A novel compact and ultrawide-band (UWB) antenna is presented in this paper. The basis for achieving such an UWB operation is through proper magnetic coupling of two adjacent sectorial loop antennas in a symmetrical arrangement. A large number of coupled sectorial loop antennas (CSLA) with different geometrical parameters are fabricated and their measured responses are used to experimentally optimize the geometrical parameters of the antenna for achieving the maximum bandwidth. Through this optimization process an antenna with a VSWR of lower than 2.2 (S/sub 11/<-8.5 dB) across an 8.5:1 frequency range is designed. The maximum dimension of this antenna is smaller than 0.37/spl lambda//sub 0/ at the lowest frequency of operation and provides an excellent polarization purity. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits a relatively consistent radiation pattern. Modified versions of the CSLA are also designed to reduce the overall metallic surface and weight of the antenna while maintaining its wide-band characteristics. This allows modifying its dimensions to design low frequency light-weight UWB antennas.
Brain Structure and Response to Emotional Stimuli as Related to Gut Microbial Profiles in Healthy Women.

OBJECTIVE
Brain-gut-microbiota interactions may play an important role in human health and behavior. Although rodent models have demonstrated effects of the gut microbiota on emotional, nociceptive, and social behaviors, there is little translational human evidence to date. In this study, we identify brain and behavioral characteristics of healthy women clustered by gut microbiota profiles.


METHODS
Forty women supplied fecal samples for 16S rRNA profiling. Microbial clusters were identified using Partitioning Around Medoids. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired. Microbiota-based group differences were analyzed in response to affective images. Structural and diffusion tensor imaging provided gray matter metrics (volume, cortical thickness, mean curvature, surface area) as well as fiber density between regions. A sparse Partial Least Square-Discrimination Analysis was applied to discriminate microbiota clusters using white and gray matter metrics.


RESULTS
Two bacterial genus-based clusters were identified, one with greater Bacteroides abundance (n = 33) and one with greater Prevotella abundance (n = 7). The Prevotella group showed less hippocampal activity viewing negative valences images. White and gray matter imaging discriminated the two clusters, with accuracy of 66.7% and 87.2%, respectively. The Prevotella cluster was associated with differences in emotional, attentional, and sensory processing regions. For gray matter, the Bacteroides cluster showed greater prominence in the cerebellum, frontal regions, and the hippocampus.


CONCLUSIONS
These results support the concept of brain-gut-microbiota interactions in healthy humans. Further examination of the interaction between gut microbes, brain, and affect in humans is needed to inform preclinical reports that microbial modulation may affect mood and behavior.
Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome instrument in partial responders to proton pump inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE
The Reflux Symptom Questionnaire 7-day recall (RESQ-7) was developed, in line with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, to address the need for a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument assessing symptoms specifically in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are only partially responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The RESQ-7 was constructed using patient interviews and expert consensus. The instrument was psychometrically validated in a clinical trial setting in patients with persistent GERD symptoms despite PPI therapy.


RESULTS
Evaluation of content validity yielded a 13-item structure for the RESQ-7, incorporating symptoms overlooked by existing GERD questionnaires, such as hoarseness, cough, difficulty swallowing and burping. Principal component analysis suggested a four-domain structure. All domains had a high inter-item correlation (Cronbach's α lower 95% confidence limits: 0.77-0.87 for intensity; 0.72-0.82 for frequency). Test-retest reliability was fair-to-good or excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient lower 95% confidence limits: 0.70-0.78 for intensity; 0.65-0.75 for frequency). Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed by correlation comparisons with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale.


DISCUSSION
The RESQ-7 demonstrated good content validity and psychometric properties in patients with GERD and a partial response to PPIs. The weekly recall makes the RESQ-7 appropriate for use in routine clinical care. The authors believe that it is the first instrument to be developed specifically for patients with a partial response to PPI therapy in line with FDA guidelines on PROs (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00703534).
Risk indicators to identify intimate partner violence in the emergency department

BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence against women is prevalent and is associated with poor health outcomes. Understanding indicators of exposure to intimate partner violence can assist health care professionals to identify and respond to abused women. This study was undertaken to determine the strength of association between selected evidence-based risk indicators and exposure to intimate partner violence.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study of 768 English-speaking women aged 18-64 years who presented to 2 emergency departments in Ontario, Canada, participants answered questions about risk indicators and completed the Composite Abuse Scale to determine their exposure to intimate partner violence in the past year.


RESULTS
Intimate partner violence was significantly associated with being separated, in a common-law relationship or single (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-3.71); scoring positive for depression (OR = 4.26, 95% CI 2.11-8.60) or somatic symptoms (OR = 4.09, 95% CI 2.18-7.67); having a male partner who was employed less than part time (OR = 5.12, 95% CI 2.46-10.64), or having a partner with an alcohol (OR = 4.36, 95% CI 2.16-8.81) or drug problem (OR = 4.63, 95% CI 1.89-11.38). Each unit increase in the number of indicators corresponded to a four-fold increase in the risk of intimate partner violence (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 3.06-5.02); women with 3 or more indicators had a greater than 50% probability of a positive score on the Composite Abuse Scale. Intimate partner violence was not associated with pregnancy status.


CONCLUSION
Specific characteristics of male partners, relationships and women's mental health are significantly related to exposure to intimate partner violence in the past year. Identification of these indicators has implications for the clinical care of women who present to health care settings.
Efficacy of lidocaine in patients receiving palliative care with opioid-refractory cancer pain with a neuropathic component: study protocol for a randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND
The management of patients suffering from opioid-refractory cancer pain with a neuropathic component remains an important challenge for healthcare workers. Only one retrospective study specifically reported the use of intravenous (IV) lidocaine amongst the palliative care unit population, the study found that there was a positive response to this therapy. These preliminary uncontrolled results need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials. The primary objective of this study is to assess the analgesic efficacy of IV lidocaine in patients in palliative care suffering from opioid-refractory cancer pain with a neuropathic component. The secondary objectives are to assess the tolerance of, symptomatology, and patient satisfaction with the therapeutic approach.


METHODS/DESIGN
This will be a multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-parallel group study. It will take place in eight adult palliative care units across France. The main inclusion criteria are as follows: adult patients suffering from opioid-refractory cancer pain with a neuropathic component, and those receiving palliative care as defined by French Society of Palliative and Support Care. Participants will be randomized (1:1 allocation ratio) to one of two treatment groups: a) lidocaine-experimental group (intravenous lidocaine), or b) placebo-control group (intravenous saline solution). Evaluation assessments will be taken at baseline (T0 randomization), 40 minutes (T1), 120 minutes (T2), 12 hours (T3), 24 hours (T4), 48 hours (T5), and 14 days (T6) after baseline. The primary endpoint is change in the pain level between T0 and T1. The secondary endpoints are: changes in the pain level between T0 and other times, intensity of the neuropathic pain component, daily opioid consumption, symptoms (as classified by the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory), adverse events, and patient's satisfaction (measured using the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale). A sample size of 200 individuals will be needed to obtain 90% power to detect a 25% difference in pain success at T1 between the two groups; pain success is classified as a 30% decrease in the pain level between T0 and T1 (10% of patients lost to follow-up expected).


DISCUSSION
The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design is the most appropriate design to demonstrate the efficacy of a new experimental intervention (Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group classification). National and international recommendations could be updated based on the findings of this study.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current controlled trials NCT02137954 (registration date: 7 May 2014).
Peer passengers: how do they affect teen crashes?

PURPOSE
The specific mechanisms by which peer passengers increase teen drivers' crash risk are not completely understood. We aimed to provide insight on the two primary hypothesized mechanisms, distraction and promotion of risk-taking behavior, for male and female teen drivers and further for select driver-passenger gender combinations.


METHODS
From the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (2005-2007), we analyzed a nationally representative sample of 677 drivers aged 16-18 years (weighted n = 277,484) involved in serious crashes, to compare the risk of specific distraction-related and risk-taking-related precrash factors (documented via on-scene crash investigation) for teens driving with peer passengers and teens driving alone.


RESULTS
Compared with males driving alone, those with peer passengers were more likely to perform an aggressive act (risk ratio, RR [95% confidence interval] = 2.36 [1.29-4.32]) and perform an illegal maneuver (RR = 5.88 [1.81-19.10]) just before crashing; risk taking increased regardless of passenger gender. Crash-involved males with passengers were also more likely to be distracted by an exterior factor (RR = 1.70 [1.15-2.51]). Conversely, females with passengers were more often engaged in at least one interior nondriving activity (other than conversing with passengers) (RR = 3.87 [1.36-11.06]), particularly when driving with opposite-gender passengers. Female drivers, both with and without passengers, rarely drove aggressively or performed an illegal maneuver before crashing.


CONCLUSIONS
Passengers may affect male teen driver crashes through both distraction and risk-promoting pathways, and female involvement primarily through internal distraction. Results of this and future studies investigating peer-driver interactions may guide development of passenger-related crash prevention efforts to complement already existing Graduated Driver Licensing passenger restrictions.
Bitcoin's Academic Pedigree

The concept of cryptocurrencies is built from forgotten ideas in research literature.
Solid state marx modulator with blumlein stack for bipolar pulse generation

Sub-nanosecond bipolar high voltage pulses are a very important tool for food processing, medical treatment, waste water and exhaust gas processing. A Hybrid Modulator for sub-microsecond bipolar pulse generation, comprising an unipolar solidstate Marx generator connected to a load through a stack Blumlein system that produces bipolar pulses and further multiplies the pulse voltage amplitude, is presented. Experimental results from an assembled prototype show the generation of 1000 V amplitude bipolar pulses with 100 ns of pulse width and 1 kHz repetition rate.
Transdermal nitroglycerin: clinical and pharmacokinetic consequences of renewing the patch and the application site

Objective: We examined whether nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) patch treatment for 24 h could induce local cutaneous changes that impaired drug delivery and clinical efficacy. Methods: Twenty angina patients were exercise-tested after 2 and 24 h of treatment and then 2 h after patch renewal. The patch was either renewed on a new skin location or on the previous application site in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over protocol. GTN plasma concentrations and finger plethysmography were obtained before and after each exercise test. Results and conclusions: The clinical efficacy, the effect seen on plethysmography and the GTN plasma concentrations tended to increase after patch renewal, regardless of the application site of the renewed patch. Hence, cutaneous changes of clinical importance could not be demonstrated.
Adolescent endometriosis: diagnosis and treatment approaches.

OBJECTIVES
To review the etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment options of adolescent endometriosis.


METHODS
Review of publications relating to adolescent endometriosis.


RESULTS
Endometriosis occurs in adolescents as young as 8 years of age; furthermore, there have been documented cases of endometriosis occurring prior to menarche. Adolescents presenting with pelvic pain are treated with cyclic combination oral contraceptive pills and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. If the pain does not respond to these therapies, then in adolescents as in adults, an operative laparoscopy is recommended for the diagnosis and surgical management of endometriosis. The operating gynecologist should be familiar with the appearance of the complete spectrum of various morphologies of endometriosis, as adolescents tend to have clear, red, white, and/or yellow-brown lesions more frequently than black or blue lesions. Subtle clear lesions of endometriosis may be better visualized by filling the pelvis with irrigation fluid so that the clear lesions can be appreciated in a three-dimensional appearance. Young women who are found to have endometriosis by laparoscopy may present with acyclic, cyclic, and constant pelvic pain. Adolescents with pelvic pain not responding to conventional medical therapy have approximately a 70% prevalence of endometriosis. It is known that endometriosis is a progressive disease and since there is no cure, adolescents with endometriosis require long-term medical management until the time in their lives when they have completed childbearing. Psychosocial support is extremely important for this population of young women with endometriosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Endometriosis occurs in adolescents, and presenting symptoms may vary from those seen in adult women with the disease. All health care providers must be aware of the existence of adolescent endometriosis. They should also be aware of the presenting symptoms so that the adolescent can be appropriately referred to a gynecologist comfortable with medical and surgical treatment options in this patient population. If laparoscopy is to be undertaken, the gynecologist must be prepared not only to diagnose but to surgically manage endometriosis. In addition, the subtle laparoscopic findings of endometriosis in adolescents must be recognized for an appropriate diagnosis. Long-term medical therapy will hopefully decrease pain and the progression of the disease, thus decreasing the risk of advanced-stage disease and infertility.
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and carotid intima-media thickness: cross-sectional comparison between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the differences in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) between patients with psoriatic diseases with and without metabolic syndrome.


METHODS
Eligible patients from the Cardiometabolic Outcome Measures in Psoriatic Arthritis Study database, which is comprised of both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients enrolled at 2 academic medical centers, were included. Detailed cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including metabolic syndrome profiles, medication use, disease activity, and CIMT, were examined.


RESULTS
A total of 343 patients with psoriatic disease were evaluated (42.28% with psoriasis and 57.72% with PsA). PsA patients were significantly older, with longer disease duration and higher blood pressure, body mass index, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. PsA patients took more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and corticosteroids and underwent more CV procedures. There were no differences in prior CV events, family history of CV risk, and Framingham/Adult Treatment Panel III Risk Score. PsA patients had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (univariate odds ratio [OR] 1.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08-2.95], P = 0.025). Even after adjusting for age, CRP level, and diastolic blood pressure, PsA patients not taking DMARDs were twice as likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to psoriasis patients (adjusted OR 2.09 [95% CI 0.78-5.59], P = 0.049). PsA patients with metabolic syndrome had the thickest CIMT compared to any other group (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
PsA patients had an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome with significantly greater CIMT measurements compared to patients with psoriasis. Furthermore, PsA patients with metabolic syndrome had the greatest CIMT measurements compared to PsA patients without metabolic syndrome and psoriasis patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Incremental increases in inflammatory pathways in PsA may contribute to a higher CV risk as compared to psoriasis patients.
Understanding Language Preference for Expression of Opinion and Sentiment: What do Hindi-English Speakers do on Twitter?

Linguistic research of multilingual societies has indicated that there is usually a preferred language for expression of emotion and sentiment (Dewaele, 2010). The paucity of data has limited such studies to participant interviews and speech transcriptions from small groups of speakers. In this paper, we report a study on 430,000 unique tweets from Indian users, specifically Hindi-English bilinguals, to understand the language of preference, if any, for expressing opinion and sentiment. To this end, we develop (a) a language identifier for detecting English, Hindi, and HindiEnglish Code-switched tweets and (b) a classifier for opinion detection in these languages and classifying opinionated tweets into positive, negative and neutral. Our study indicates that Hindi (i.e. the native language) is preferred over English for expression of negative opinion and swearing. Narrative-evaluative switching and positive reinforcement are the most common pragmatic functions of codeswitching on Twitter.