LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Label Dependency for Hierarchical Multi-label Classification

Hierarchical multi-label classification is a variant of traditional classification in which the instances can belong to several labels, that are in turn organized in a hierarchy. Existing hierarchical multi-label classification algorithms ignore possible correlations between the labels. Moreover, most of the current methods predict instance labels in a “flat” fashion without employing the ontological structures among the classes. In this paper, we propose HiBLADE (Hierarchical multi-label Boosting with LAbel DEpendency), a novel algorithm that takes advantage of not only the pre-established hierarchical taxonomy of the classes, but also effectively exploits the hidden correlation among the classes that is not shown through the class hierarchy, thereby improving the quality of the predictions. According to our approach, first, the pre-defined hierarchical taxonomy of the labels is used to decide upon the training set for each classifier. Second, the dependencies of the children for each label in the hierarchy are captured and analyzed using Bayes method and instance-based similarity. Our experimental results on several real-world biomolecular datasets show that the proposed method can improve the performance of hierarchical multi-label classification.
Lake metabolism: Relationships with dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus

Recent literature has suggested that for many lakes and rivers, the respiratory breakdown of organic matter (R) exceeds production of organic matter by photosynthesis (gross primary production [GPP]) within the water body. This metabolic balance (GPP , R; ‘‘heterotrophy’’) implies that allochthonous organic matter supports a portion of the aquatic ecosystem’s respiration. Evidence that many lakes are heterotrophic comes from diverse approaches, and debate remains over the circumstances in which heterotrophy exists. The methods used to estimate GPP and R and the limited extent of lake types studied, especially with respect to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, are two reasons for differing conclusions. We deployed O2 and CO2 sondes to measure diel gas dynamics in the surface waters of 25 lakes. From these data, we calculated GPP, R, and net ecosystem production (NEP 5 GPP 2 R). Over the broad range in TP and DOC among the lakes, diel CO2 and O2 changed on a near 1 : 1 molar ratio. Metabolism estimates from the two gases were comparable, except at high pH. Most lakes in our data set had negative NEP, but GPP and R appeared to be controlled by different factors. TP correlated strongly with GPP, whereas DOC correlated with R. At low DOC concentrations, GPP and R were nearly equal, but, at higher DOC, GPP and R uncoupled and lakes had negative NEP. Strong correlations between lake metabolism and landscape related variables suggest that allochthonous carbon influences lake metabolism. Research in lake metabolism has provided intriguing but sometimes contradictory insights into the balance between gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) for surface waters in north temperate lakes (del Giorgio and Peters 1994; Carignan et al. 2000; Prairie et al. 2002). The ambiguity in the interpretation of results may be due to the diversity of lakes that have been compared and to the methods used to estimate GPP and R (Carignan et al. 2000; Prairie et al. 2002). The balance between GPP and R, or net ecosystem production (NEP 5 GPP 2 R), can be used to define lake trophic classification, with positive NEP equaling autotrophy and negative NEP equaling heterotrophy. Lakes with high total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations tend to be autotrophic, whereas lakes with low TP and high DOC tend to be heterotrophic (Cole et al. 2000). Although north temperate lakes span broad ranges in TP and DOC, many have moderate concentrations and do not fit the extreme TP and DOC profiles of lakes that clearly belong in one of the two trophic classifications. Estimating GPP and R in lakes and explaining their variability among lakes have emerged as topics of debate (Car-
Future Trends in Cloud Computing and Big Data

In recent years, accompanied by lower prices of information and communications technology (ICT) equipment and networks, various items of data gleaned from the real world have come to be accumulated in cloud data centers. There are increasing hopes that analysis of this massive amount of data will provide insight that is valuable to both businesses and society. Since tens of terabytes (TBs) or tens of petabytes (PBs) of data, big data, should be handled to make full use of it, there needs to be a new type of technology different from ordinary ICT. It revolves around different areas of analytics and Big Data. Through a detailed survey, we identify possible gaps in technology and provide recommendations for the research community on future directions on Cloud-supported Big Data computing and analytics solutions.
Automatic Sentiment Analysis for Unstructured Data

Now-a-days Big Data have been created lot of buzz in technology world. Sentiment Analysis or opinion mining is very important application of ‘Big Data’. Sentiment analysis is used for knowing voice or response of crowd for products, services, organizations, individuals, movie reviews, issues, events, news etc... In this paper we are going to discuss about exiting methods, approaches to do sentimental analysis for unstructured data which reside on web. Currently, Sentiment Analysis concentrates for subjective statements or on subjectivity and overlook objective statements which carry sentiment(s). So, we propose new approach classify and handle subjective as well as objective statements for sentimental analysis. Keywords— Sentiment Analysis, Text Mining, Machine learning, Natural Language Processing, Big Data
Physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to provide an update on the recent evidence concerning exercise during pregnancy including effects for mother and fetus and the types, frequency, intensity, duration and rate of progression of exercise performed.


RECENT FINDINGS
Exercises during pregnancy are associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, prevention of urinary incontinence and low back pain, reduced symptoms of depression, gestational weight gain control, and for cases of gestational diabetes, reduced number of women who required insulin. There is no association with reduction in birth weight or preterm birth rate. The type of exercise shows no difference on results, and its intensity should be mild or moderate for previous sedentary women and moderate to high for active women. The exercise recommendations still are based on the current guidelines on moderate-intensity, low-impact, aerobic exercise at least three times a week. Yet, new guidelines propose increasing weekly physical-activity expenditure while incorporating vigorous exercise and adding light strength training to the exercise routine of healthy pregnant women. In the case of other chronic diseases like hypertension, there are still few data, and therefore more studies should be performed to assess the safety of the intervention.


SUMMARY
Physical exercise is beneficial for women during pregnancy and also in the postpartum period; it is not associated with risks for the newborn and can lead to changes in lifestyle that imply long-term benefits.
Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: Comparison of Oxycodone and Oxycodone-Naloxone Treatment

INTRODUCTION
Opioids are needed for postoperative pain in spine surgery patients, but opioid-induced constipation is a harmful adverse event. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the use of a controlled-release oxycodone-naloxone combination product with oxycodone controlled-release tablets in these patients. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of constipation at 7 days postoperatively assessed with a Bowel Function Index questionnaire. A follow-up assessment at 21 days after surgery was also included.


METHODS
A total of 180 patients undergoing spine surgery, 91 having preoperative opioids in use and 89 opioid-naïve, were randomized to receive twice-daily oxycodone 10 mg or oxycodone-naloxone 10/5 mg controlled-release tablets for the first 7 postoperative days. Patients were followed-up for 21 days after surgery.


RESULTS
At baseline, prevalence of constipation was common both in the opioid-naïve-25/87 (29%) and on-opioid groups 43/90 (48%) (P = 0.009). This increased at 7 days postoperatively with no difference between the groups, 54/89 with oxycodone and 54/88 with oxycodone-naloxone had constipation. At 21 days, constipation was less than in the baseline in both groups, in the opioid-naïve group the prevalence of constipation was 3/43 (7%) in patients with oxycodone-naloxone compared to 9/44 (21%) with oxycodone (effect size 0.68; P = 0.068). Both study compounds provided similar pain relief and were well tolerated.


CONCLUSION
In patients presented for back surgery, the prevalence of constipation was significantly higher than that in the community. In opioid-naïve subjects, oxycodone-naloxone was beneficial concerning constipation; but this was not distinguishable in subjects with chronic opioid use. The analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and oxycodone-naloxone was similar.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT no. 2012-001816-42) and ClinicalTrials.gov database (Identifier: NCT02573922).
Post-conditioning reduces infarct size and edema in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine whether post-conditioning at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention could reduce reperfusion-induced myocardial edema in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).


BACKGROUND
Myocardial edema is a reperfusion injury with potentially severe consequences. Post-conditioning is a cardioprotective therapy that reduces infarct size after reperfusion, but no previous studies have analyzed the impact of this strategy on reperfusion-induced myocardial edema in humans.


METHODS
Fifty patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to either a control or post-conditioned group. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 48 to 72 h after admission. Myocardial edema was measured by T2-weighted sequences, and infarct size was determined by late gadolinium enhancement sequences and creatine kinase release.


RESULTS
The post-conditioned and control groups were similar with respect to ischemia time, the size of the area at risk, and the ejection fraction before percutaneous coronary intervention. As expected, post-conditioning was associated with smaller infarct size (13 ± 7 g/m(2) vs. 21 ± 14 g/m(2); p = 0.01) and creatine kinase peak serum level (median [interquartile range]: 1,695 [1,118 to 3,692] IU/l vs. 3,505 [2,307 to 4,929] IU/l; p = 0.003). At reperfusion, the extent of myocardial edema was significantly reduced in the post-conditioned group as compared with the control group (23 ± 16 g/m(2) vs. 34 ± 18 g/m(2); p = 0.03); the relative increase in T2W signal intensity was also significantly lower (p = 0.02). This protective effect was confirmed after adjustment for the size of the area at risk.


CONCLUSIONS
This randomized study demonstrated that post-conditioning reduced infarct size and edema in patients with reperfused STEMI.
Canadian Advanced Nanospace Experiment 2 Orbit Operations: One Year of Pushing the Nanosatellite Performance Envelope

The objective of the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX) program is to develop highly capable nanospacecraft, i.e. spacecraft under 10 kilograms, in short timeframes of 2-3 years. CanX missions offer low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists, technology developers and operationally-responsive missions. The Space Flight Laboratory (SFL), at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS) has developed the CanX-2 nanosatellite that launched in April 2008. CanX-2, a 3.5-kg, 10 x 10 x 34 cm satellite, features a collection of scientific and engineering payloads that push the envelope of capability for this class of spacecraft. The primary mission of CanX-2 is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies for precise formation flight. These technologies include a custom cold-gas propulsion system, a 30 mN·m·s nanosatellite reaction wheel as part of a three-axis stabilized Y thomson-configuration attitude control subsystem, and a commercially available GPS receiver. The secondary objective of CanX-2 is to perform a number of university experiments including an atmospheric spectrometer. After one successful year in orbit, the nanosatellite has met or exceeded all mission objectives and continues to demonstrate the cost-effective capabilities of this class of spacecraft. Key achievements to date include a characterization of the propulsion system, a full demonstration of the attitude determination and control subsystem including capabilities in accurate payload pointing (including nadir-tracking) and orbit-normal alignment, long-duration reaction wheel operation, unprecedented radio performance for an operational nanosatellite, and successful science operations. The mission, the engineering and scientific payloads, and a discussion of notable orbit achievements and experiences of CanX-2 are presented in this paper.
Development, evaluation and implementation of video-EEG telemetry at home

PURPOSE
To describe the development and implementation of video EEG telemetry (VT) in the patient's home (home video telemetry, HVT) in a single centre.


METHODS
HVT met the UK Medical Research Council definition of a complex intervention, and we used its guidance to evaluate the process of piloting, evaluating, developing and implementing this new clinical service. The first phase was a feasibility study, comparing inpatient VT (IVT) with HVT in a test-retest design (n=5), to assess data quality and yield of clinically relevant events. The second phase was a pre-implementation study (n=8), to examine acceptability and satisfaction as well as the costs of IVT and HVT. Subsequently, we implemented the service, and reviewed the outcomes of the first 34 patients.


RESULTS
The feasibility study found no difference in the quality of recording or clinical yield between IVT and HVT. The pre-implementation study showed excellent patient satisfaction. We also discuss the findings of the main stakeholder survey (consultants and technicians). Our economic modelling demonstrates a clear financial superiority of HVT over IVT.


CONCLUSION
Our findings show that diagnostic HVT for seizure classification and polysomnographies can be carried out safely in the patients' home and poses no security risks for staff. HVT can be effectively integrated into an existing tertiary care service as a routine home or community-based procedure. We hope to encourage other clinical neurophysiology departments and epilepsy centres to take advantage of our experience and consider adopting and implementing HVT, with the aim of a nationwide coverage.
Improving Graph Drawing Readability by Incorporating Readability Metrics : A Software Tool for Network Analysts

Designing graph drawings that effectively communicate the underlying network is challenging as for every network there are many potential unintelligible or even misleading drawings. Automated graph layout algorithms have helped, but frequently generate ineffective drawings. In order to build awareness of effective graph drawing strategies, we detail readability metrics on a [0,1] continuous scale for node occlusion, edge crossing, edge crossing angle, and edge tunneling and summarize many more. Additionally, we define new node & edge readability metrics to provide more localized identification of where improvement is needed. These are implemented in SocialAction, a tool for social network analysis, in order to direct users towards poor areas of the drawing and provide real-time readability metric feedback as users manipulate it. These contributions are aimed at heightening the awareness of network analysts that the images they share or publish could be of higher quality, so that readers could extract relevant information.
Effectiveness of treatment with high-frequency chest wall oscillation in patients with bronchiectasis

BACKGROUND
High-frequency airway clearance (HFCWC) assist devices generate either positive or negative trans-respiratory pressure excursions to produce high-frequency, small-volume oscillations in the airways.HFCWC can lead to changes in volume of 15-57 ml and in flow up to 1.6 L/s, which generate minimal coughing to mobilize secretions. The typical treatment lasts 20-30 minutes, and consists of short periods of compression at different frequencies, separated by coughing.The aim of this study was to find the more efficacious treatment in patients with bronchiectasis: traditional techniques of chest physiotherapy (CPT) versus high frequency oscillation of the chest wall in patients with bronchiectasis.


METHODS
37 patients were enrolled. Seven of them were excluded. Computer randomization divided the patients into three groups: - 10 patients treated with HFCWO by using the Vest® Airway Clearance System; - 10 patients treated with traditional techniques of air way clearance (PEP bottle, PEP mask, ELTGOL, vibratory positive expiratory pressure); - 10 patients received medical therapy only (control group). To be eligible for enrollment, participants had to be between 18 and 85 years old and have a diagnosis of bronchiectasis, confirmed on high resolution computed tomography.


EXCLUSION CRITERIA
lack of informed consent, signs of exacerbation, cystic fibrosis. Before the treatment, each patient had blood tests, sputum volume and cell count, pulmonary function tests and on the quality of life inventories (MMRC, CAT, BCSS). The results were processed through the covariance analysis, performed with the R-Project statistical program. It has been considered a positive result p <005.


RESULTS
Both treatments (traditional CPT and HFCWO) showed a significant improvement in some biochemical and functional respiratory tests as well as in the quality of life compared to the control group. The use of HFCWO compared to CPT also produced a significant improvement in blood inflammation parameter C-RP (p ≤0.019), parameters of lung functionality associated with bronchial obstruction (FVC, FEV1) (p ≤0.006 and p ≤0.001), and in the dyspnea. Improvement in quality of life scales was noted. (BCSS, CAT) (both p ≤0.001). No significant changes of total cell counts in sputum samples were observed in the two groups. In the HFCWO group a significant reduction of neutrophils percentage (p≤0.002) and a significant increase of macrophages percentage (p ≤0.012).


CONCLUSIONS
The HFCWO technique provides an improvement both in pulmonary function and quality of life related parameters in patients with chronic hypersecretive disease. Since those patients need daily airway clearance, this treatment should be included among the principal options in chest physiotherapy. The study was registered as ChiCTR-TRC-12002134 at http://www.chictr.org.
Validation and refinement of a prediction rule to identify children at low risk for acute appendicitis.

OBJECTIVE
To validate and refine a clinical prediction rule to identify which children with acute abdominal pain are at low risk for appendicitis (Low-Risk Appendicitis Rule).


DESIGN
Prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Ten pediatric emergency departments.


PARTICIPANTS
Children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years who presented with suspected appendicitis from March 1, 2009, through April 30, 2010.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The test performance of the Low-Risk Appendicitis Rule.


RESULTS
Among 2625 patients enrolled, 1018 (38.8% [95% CI, 36.9%-40.7%]) had appendicitis. Validation of the rule resulted in a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 93.9%-96.7%), specificity of 36.3% (33.9%-38.9%), and negative predictive value of 92.7% (90.1%-94.6%). Theoretical application would have identified 573 (24.0%) as being at low risk, misclassifying 42 patients (4.5% [95% CI, 3.4%-6.1%]) with appendicitis. We refined the prediction rule, resulting in a model that identified patients at low risk with (1) an absolute neutrophil count of 6.75 × 103/μL or less and no maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant or (2) an absolute neutrophil count of 6.75 × 103/μL or less with maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant but no abdominal pain with walking/jumping or coughing. This refined rule had a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% CI, 97.0%-98.9%), specificity of 23.7% (21.7%-25.9%), and negative predictive value of 95.3% (92.3%-97.0%).


CONCLUSIONS
We have validated and refined a simple clinical prediction rule for pediatric appendicitis. For patients identified as being at low risk, clinicians should consider alternative strategies, such as observation or ultrasonographic examination, rather than proceeding to immediate computed tomographic imaging.
Ensemble-based Classification for Author Profiling Using Various Features Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013

This paper summarize our approach to author profiling task – a part of evaluation lab PAN’13. We have used ensemble-based classification on large features set. All the features are roughly described and experimental section provides evaluation of different methods and classification approaches.
Unsupervised Discrete Sentence Representation Learning for Interpretable Neural Dialog Generation

The encoder-decoder dialog model is one of the most prominent methods used to build dialog systems in complex domains. Yet it is limited because it cannot output interpretable actions as in traditional systems, which hinders humans from understanding its generation process. We present an unsupervised discrete sentence representation learning method that can integrate with any existing encoderdecoder dialog models for interpretable response generation. Building upon variational autoencoders (VAEs), we present two novel models, DI-VAE and DI-VST that improve VAEs and can discover interpretable semantics via either auto encoding or context predicting. Our methods have been validated on real-world dialog datasets to discover semantic representations and enhance encoder-decoder models with interpretable generation.1
Effect of Zingiber officinal (ginger) on parasitological and biochemical parameters of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antischistosomal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinal) against Schistosoma mansoni in infected mice, including determination of total protein , albumin levels, the activities of ALT, AST, ACP and AKP enzymes and the electrophoretic pattern of total protein in the serum of infected treated mice. The present results showed that treatment of infected mice with sublethal doses of ginger’ extract significantly reduced the number of S. mansoni worms recovered from infected mice. Also, the data presented showed that mice treatment with this ginger 'extract reduced the number of ova/g tissue in each of intestine of infected mice in comparison with that of infected untreated group. Moreover, serum total protein and albumin levels and activities of ALT, AST, ACP and AKP enzymes of infected treated mice were improved in comparison with those of infected untreated ones. It is concluded that administration of ginger’extract extract could be valuable as antischistosomal agent.. Electrophoretic analysis serum’s total protein showed there was a remarkable deviation in the serum homogenate of mice infected with S. mansoni and treated with ginger’extract in comparison with control non infected group.