LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Digital control of a three-phase four-leg inverter under unbalanced voltage conditions

In this paper, the implementation of an innovative inverter control strategy based on the symmetrical components is presented. Symmetrical components of the inverter output voltage and current are decomposed into dq DC quantities to control a three-phase four-leg inverter. This kind of inverter can be a good choice for the applications with hybrid power system based on renewable energy used to supply unbalanced loads. The addition of a fourth leg provides an extra degree of freedom, making possible to handle the neutral current caused by the unbalanced load. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for a prototype inverter to verify the validity of the proposed control strategy.
Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae): A phytochemical and pharmacological
review

Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae) is commonly called the "coconut tree" and is the most naturally widespread fruit plant on Earth. Throughout history, humans have used medicinal plants therapeutically, and minerals, plants, and animals have traditionally been the main sources of drugs. The constituents of C. nucifera have some biological effects, such as antihelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Our objective in the present study was to review the phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, and toxicology of C. nucifera to guide future preclinical and clinical studies using this plant. This systematic review consisted of searches performed using scientific databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, SciVerse, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Some uses of the plant were partially confirmed by previous studies demonstrating analgesic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, antipyretic, antihelminthic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic activities. In addition, other properties such as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiseizure, cytotoxicity, hepatoprotective, vasodilation, nephroprotective, and anti-osteoporosis effects were also reported. Because each part of C. nucifera has different constituents, the pharmacological effects of the plant vary according to the part of the plant evaluated.
A robust ranging scheme for OFDMA-based networks

Uplink synchronization in orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA) systems is a challenging task. In IEEE 802.16-based networks, users that intend to establish a communication link with the base station must go through a synchronization procedure called Initial Ranging (IR). Existing IR schemes aim at estimating the timing offsets and power levels of ranging subscriber stations (RSSs) without considering possible frequency misalignments between the received uplink signals and the base station local reference. In this work, a novel IR scheme is presented for OFDMA systems where carrier frequency offsets, timing errors and power levels are estimated for all RSSs in a decoupled fashion. The proposed frequency estimator is based on a subspace decomposition approach, while timing recovery is accomplished by measuring the phase shift between the usersiquest channel responses over adjacent subcarriers. Computer simulations are employed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed solution and to make comparisons with existing alternatives.
A group-based multi-professional education programme for family members of patients with chronic heart failure: effects on knowledge and patients' health care utilization.

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to investigate if family members of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) increased knowledge about CHF through a group-based multi-professional educational programme and whether there was an effect on patients' health care utilization.


METHODS
Family members (n=128) were randomly assigned to intervention-group (IG) who received CHF education programme or control-group (CG) who received information according to hospital routines. Programme effects were evaluated with CHF knowledge questionnaire, patient readmissions and number of days hospitalised during 18 months.


RESULTS
Knowledge about CHF increased in both groups, significantly higher in IG at second assessment (IG 16±1.9 vs. CG 14.9±2.1, p=0.006), and knowledge maintained at third assessment. In IG 17 patients were re-admitted at least once and 28 patients in CG due to CHF (p=0.085). There were no differences in frequency of readmissions or number of days hospitalised.


CONCLUSION
A group-based multi-professional education programme increased family members' knowledge about CHF. Despite this, effect on patient's health care utilization could not be seen during follow-up period.


PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
We suggest that CHF education programmes for family members should be provided at clinics, with information preferably repeated 2-3 times during a period of six months to maintain knowledge level.
A −189 dBc/Hz FOMT wide tuning range Ka-band VCO using tunable negative capacitance and inductance redistribution

An ultra wideband LC voltage-controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) operating in the Ka-band with equally spaced sub-band coarse tuning characteristics is proposed and characterized. A tunable negative capacitance (TNC) circuit technique is used to cancel the fixed capacitance in the LC-tank to extend the tuning range (TR). A digitally-switched varactor coarse tuning structure with an inductance redistribution technique is utilized to reduce VCO gain (KV) and retain uniform spacing between tuning curves. The proposed VCO structure and a baseline VCO are fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. Compared to the reference VCO, the proposed VCO achieves a 34% increase in TR with maximum KV of 450 MHz/V. The measured worst-case phase noise is -100.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset across the TR from 30.5 GHz to 39.6 GHz. The power dissipation of the VCO core is 11 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The TNC-based VCO achieves a FOMT of -189 dBc/Hz, which is the highest reported at the Ka-band.
Altruism motivates participation in a therapeutic HIV vaccine trial (CTN 173).

This is the first study examining motivation to participate in an HIV therapeutic vaccine trial of Remune and ALVAC. Trial participants (N=49) completed psychological measures at baseline. While 69% reported some personal risk in participating, 100% felt hopeful for societal benefits. Trial participants also reported high levels of existential well-being (e.g., "I believe there is some real purpose for my life"). Results suggest that HIV therapeutic vaccine trial participants are highly motivated by altruism and that participating in research may contribute meaning to living with HIV. Fostering altruism and responsibly promoting the societal benefits of research may facilitate trial participation.
An Intelligent Approach for Anti-Spoofing in a Multimodal Biometric System

Biometric systems are vulnerable to certain type of attacks at various points in the biometric model. A spoofing attack which is submitting a stolen, copied biometric trait to the sensor to gain unauthorized access to the biometric system is one among them. Multimodal biometric systems are designed to increase the accuracy of the biometric system, but they are more vulnerable to spoofing attacks than a unimodal biometric system. The existing approaches for anti-spoofing do not consider multiple biometric traits and also have a high false acceptance rate. The proposed method is designed to overcome spoofing in a multimodal biometric system that uses a combination of face, fingerprint and iris images. The extracted biometric features are fused and fed to a convolution neural network that employs deep learning to detect spoofed features from real features. The proposed method gives better results than existing anti-spoofing methods. Keywords— Multimodal Biometrics, Anti-spoofing, Biometric feature extraction, Biometric feature fusion, Convolution Neural Network.
Mechanical design and motion control of a hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation

Hand injuries are a frequent problem. The great amount of hand injuries is not only a problem for the affected people but economic consequences follow because rehabilitation takes a long time. To improve therapy results and reduce cost of rehabilitation a hand exoskeleton was developed. For research on control algorithms and rehabilitation programs a prototype supporting all four degrees of freedom of one finger was built (s. Fig. 1). In view of the fact that a lot of hand injuries affect only one finger, this prototype could already be functional in physical therapy. A robust sliding mode controller was proposed for motion control of the hand exoskeleton. The performance of the controller was evaluated for step response. In a second experiment varied forces where applied during the sensor was set to hold a constant position. Finally the controller was set to follow a complete trajectory.
Extending experiential learning in teacher professional development

This paper introduces the use of experiential learning during the early stages of teacher professional development. Teachers observe student outcomes from the very beginning of the process and experience new pedagogical approaches as learners themselves before adapting and implementing them in their own classrooms. This research explores the implementation of this approach with teachers in Irish second level schools who are being asked to make significant pedagogic changes as part of a major curriculum reform. Teachers’ self-reflections, observations and interviews demonstrate how the process and outcomes influenced their beliefs, resulting in meaningful changes in classroom practice. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Introducing the Human Brain Project

The Human Brain Project (HBP) is a candidate project in the European Union’s FET Flagship Program, funded by the ICT Program in the Seventh Framework Program. The project will develop a new integrated strategy for understanding the human brain and a novel research platform that will integrate all the data and knowledge we can acquire about the structure and function of the brain and use it to build unifying models that can be validated by simulations running on supercomputers. The project will drive the development of supercomputing for the life sciences, generate new neuroscientific data as a benchmark for modeling, develop radically new tools for informatics, modeling and simulation, and build virtual laboratories for collaborative basic and clinical studies, drug simulation and virtual prototyping of neuroprosthetic, neuromorphic, and robotic devices. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]
Real-Time MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Focal Therapy of Locally Confined Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
Focal therapy is an emerging approach to the treatment of localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to report the 6-month follow-up oncologic and functional data of the initial phase 1 trial of patients treated with focal transrectal MRI-guided focused ultrasound in North America.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Four patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 10 ng/mL or less, tumor classification cT2a or less, and a Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3) were prospectively enrolled in the study and underwent multiparametric MRI and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate systematic biopsy. Under MRI guidance and real-time monitoring with MR thermography, focused high-frequency ultrasound energy was delivered to ablate the target tissue. The incidence and severity of treatment-related adverse events were recorded along with responses to serial quality-of-life questionnaires for 6 months after treatment. Oncologic outcomes were evaluated with multiparametric MRI and repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy 6 months after treatment.


RESULTS
Four patients with a total of six target lesions were treated and had complications graded Clavien-Dindo I or less. Quality-of-life parameters were similar between baseline and 6-months. All four patients had normal MRI findings in the treated regions (100%), biopsy showed that three patients (75%) were clear of disease in the treated regions, representing complete ablation of five target lesions (83%). All patients had at least one Gleason 6-positive core outside of the treated zone.


CONCLUSION
MRI-guided focused ultrasound is a feasible method of noninvasively ablating low-risk prostate cancers with low morbidity. Further investigation and follow-up are warranted in a larger patient series with appropriate statistical analysis of oncologic and functional outcome measures.
Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli analysed by Three-dimensional Tracking

Chemotaxis toward amino-acids results from the suppression of directional changes which occur spontaneously in isotropic solutions.
Periodontal changes in children and adolescents with diabetes: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the level of oral disease in children and adolescents with diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically assessed in 182 children and adolescents (6-18 years of age) with diabetes and 160 nondiabetic control subjects.


RESULTS
There were no differences between case and control subjects with respect to dental caries. Children with diabetes had significantly higher plaque and gingival inflammation levels compared with control subjects. The number of teeth with evidence of attachment loss (the hallmark of periodontal disease) was significantly greater in children with diabetes (5.79 +/- 5.34 vs. 1.53 +/- 3.05 in control subjects, unadjusted P < 0.001). When controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, gingival bleeding, and frequency of dental visits, diabetes remained a highly significant correlate of periodontitis, especially in the 12- to 18-year-old subgroup. In the case group, BMI was significantly correlated with destruction of connective tissue attachment and bone, but duration of diabetes and mean HbA(1c) were not.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that periodontal destruction can start very early in life in diabetes and becomes more prominent as children become adolescents. Programs designed to promote periodontal disease prevention and treatment should be provided to young patients with diabetes.
An Effective Extension of the Wagner Hierarchy to Blind Counter Automata

The extension of the Wagner hierarchy to blind counter automata accepting infinite words with a Muller acceptance condition is effective. We determine precisely this hierarchy.
Design of three-phase line impedance stabilization networks for EMC pre-compliance testing laboratories

In this paper, the design procedure of three-phase line impedance stabilization networks (LISN) for EMC pre-compliance testing laboratories is proposed. The three-phase LISN schematics and the detail of its components are provided. Finally, the experimental results demonstrating the performances of proposed three-phase LISN are given.
Randomized controlled trials: part 17 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.

BACKGROUND
In clinical research, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way to study the safety and efficacy of new treatments. RCTs are used to answer patient-related questions and are required by governmental regulatory bodies as the basis for approval decisions.


METHODS
To help readers understand and evaluate RCTs, we discuss the methods and qualitative requirements of RCTs with reference to the literature and an illustrative case study. The discussion here corresponds to expositions of the subject that can be found in many textbooks but also reflects the authors' personal experience in planning, conducting and analyzing RCTs.


RESULTS
The quality of an RCT depends on an appropriate study question and study design, the prevention of systematic errors, and the use of proper analytical techniques. All of these aspects must be attended to in the planning, conductance, analysis, and reporting of RCTs. RCTs must also meet ethical and legal requirements.


CONCLUSION
RCTs cannot yield reliable data unless they are planned, conducted, analyzed, and reported in ways that are methodologically sound and appropriate to the question being asked. The quality of any RCT must be critically evaluated before its relevance to patient care can be considered.
Anomaly Detection in Text: The Value of Domain Knowledge

We consider the problem of detecting anomalies from text data. Our hypothesis is that as with classical anomaly detection algorithms, domain-specific features are more important than the linguistic features. We employ the use of first-order logic and demonstrate the effectiveness of useful domain knowledge in two domains. Our results show that the domain-specific features are more predictive and that the relational learning methods exhibit superior performance.
A periodogram-based metric for time series classification

The statistical discrimination and clustering literature has studied the problem of identifying similarities in time series data. Some studies use non-parametric approaches for splitting a set of time series into clusters by looking at their Euclidean distances in the space of points. A new measure of distance between time series based on the normalized periodogram is proposed. Simulation results comparing this measure with others parametric and non-parametric metrics are provided. In particular, the classification of time series as stationary or as non-stationary is discussed. The use of both hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering algorithms is considered. An illustrative example with economic time series data is also presented. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Bowel Function Index: a new validated scale for assessing opioid-induced constipation.

BACKGROUND
The management of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is often complicated by the fact that clinical measures of constipation do not always correlate with patient perception. As the discomfort associated with OIC can lead to poor compliance with the opioid treatment, a shift in focus towards patient assessment is often advocated.


SCOPE
The Bowel Function Index * (BFI) is a new patient-assessment scale that has been developed and validated specifically for OIC. It is a physician-administered, easy-to-use scale made up of three items (ease of defecation, feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, and personal judgement of constipation). An extensive analysis has been performed in order to validate the BFI as reliable, stable, clinically valid, and responsive to change in patients with OIC, with a 12-point change in score constituting a clinically relevant change in constipation.


FINDINGS
The results of the validation analysis were based on major clinical trials and have been further supported by data from a large open-label study and a pharmaco-epidemiological study, in which the BFI was used effectively to assess OIC in a large population of patients treated with opioids. Although other patient self-report scales exist, the BFI offers several unique advantages. First, by being physician-administered, the BFI minimizes reading and comprehension difficulties; second, by offering general and open-ended questions which capture patient perspective, the BFI is likely to detect most patients suffering from OIC; third, by being short and easy-to-use, it places little burden on the patient, thereby increasing the likelihood of gathering accurate information.


CONCLUSION
Altogether, the available data suggest that the BFI will be useful in clinical trials and in daily practice.
Ultrafast and spatially resolved studies of charge carriers in atomically thin molybdenum disulfide

Atomically-thin molybdenum disulfide is emerging as a new nanomaterial with potential applications in the fields of electronic and photonics. Charge carrier dynamics plays an essential role in determining its electronic and optical properties. We report spatially and temporally resolved pump-probe studies of charge carriers in atomically-thin molybdenum disulfide samples fabricated by mechanical exfoliation. Carriers are injected by interband absorption of a 390-nm pump pulse and detected by measuring differential reflection of a time-delayed and spatially-scanned probe pulse that is tuned to an exciton transition. Several parameters on charge carrier dynamics are deduced, including carrier lifetime, diffusion coefficient, diffusion length, and mobility.
Relationships between cerebral perfusion and reversibility of acute diffusion lesions in DEFUSE: insights from RADAR.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Acute ischemic lesions with restricted diffusion can resolve after early recanalization. The impact of superimposed perfusion abnormalities on the fate of acute diffusion lesions is unclear.


METHODS
Data were obtained from DEFUSE, a prospective multicenter study of patients treated with IV tPA 3 to 6 hours after stroke onset. Thirty-two patients with baseline diffusion and perfusion lesions and 30 day FLAIR scans were coregistered. The acute diffusion lesion was divided into 3 regions according to the Tmax delay of the superimposed perfusion lesion: normal baseline perfusion; mild-moderately hypoperfused (2 s8 s). The reversal rate was calculated as the percentage of the acute diffusion lesion that did not overlap with the final infarct on 30-day FLAIR. Diffusion reversal rates were compared based on whether a favorable clinical response occurred and whether early recanalization was achieved.


RESULTS
On average, 54% of the acute diffusion lesion volume had normal perfusion. Diffusion reversal rates were significantly increased among cases with favorable clinical response and in patients with early recanalization, especially in regions with normal baseline perfusion. The portion of the diffusion lesion with normal perfusion had significantly higher mean apparent diffusion coefficient values and reversal rates.


CONCLUSIONS
Acute ischemic lesions with restricted diffusion are most likely to recover if reperfusion occurs within 6 hours of symptom onset, and reversibility is associated with early recanalization and favorable clinical outcome. We propose the term RADAR (Reversible Acute Diffusion lesion Already Reperfused) to describe regions of acute restricted diffusion with normal perfusion.
Performance of CURB-65 and CURB-age in community-acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common and associated with significant mortality. In this study, we validated a newly proposed severity assessment rule for CAP, CURB-age, and also compared with to the currently recommended criteria in UK, CURB-65.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective study in three hospitals in Norfolk and Suffolk, UK. One hundred and ninety patients were included and followed up for 6 weeks.


RESULTS
Of 190 patients, 100 were men (53%). The age range was 18-101 years (median 76 years). Sixty-five (34%) had severe pneumonia by CURB-65 and 54 (28%) had severe pneumonia by CURB-age. There were 54 deaths during follow-up. There were 32 deaths (50%) in severe and 22 deaths (18%) in non-severe group by CURB-65. There were 27 deaths each in both the groups by CURB-age (50% of severe cases and 20% of non-severe cases). For CURB-65, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 59.3% (45.0-72.4), 75.7% (67.6-82.7), 49.2% (36.6-61.9) and 82.4% (74.6-88.6), respectively. For CURB-age, the respective values were 50.0% (31.1-63.9), 80.1% (72.4-86.5), 50.0% (36.1-63.9) and 80.1% (72.4-86.5). Exclusion of patients aged < 65 years did not alter the results.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite better specificity in correctly identifying 6-week mortality for CAP, CURB-age appears to be less sensitive than CURB-65. Our findings further assure the usefulness of CURB-65 for predicting mortality in CAP.