LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Decoupling for power gating: Sources of power noise and design strategies

Power gating is essential for controlling leakage power dissipation of modern chip designs. However, power gating introduces unique power delivery integrity issues and tradeoffs between switching and rush current (wake-up) supply noises. In addition, in power-gated power delivery networks (PDNs), the amount of power saving intrinsically trades off with power integrity. In this paper, we propose systemic decoupling capacitance optimization strategies that optimally balance between switching and rush current noises, and tradeoff between power integrity and wake-up time, hence power saving. Furthermore, we propose a novel re-routable decoupling capacitance concept to break the tight interaction between power integrity and power saving, providing further improved tradeoffs between the two. Our design strategies have been implemented in a simulation-based optimization flow and the conducted experimental results have demonstrated significant improvement on leakage power saving through the presented techniques.
Roborobo! a Fast Robot Simulator for Swarm and Collective Robotics

Roborobo! is a multi-platform, highly portable, robot simulator for large-scale collective robotics experiments. Roborobo! is coded in C++, and follows the KISS guideline (”Keep it simple”). Therefore, its external dependency is solely limited to the widely available SDL library for fast 2D Graphics. Roborobo! is based on a Khepera/ePuck model. It is targeted for fast single and multi-robots simulation, and has already been used in more than a dozen published research mainly concerned with evolutionary swarm robotics, including environment-driven self-adaptation and distributed evolutionary optimization, as well as online onboard embodied evolution and embodied morphogenesis.
TREC-10 Experiments at KAIST: Batch Filtering and Question Answering

1.Introduction In TREC-10, we participated in two tasks: batch filtering task in the filtering task, and question answering task. In question answering task, we participated in three sub-tasks (main task, list task, and context task). In batching filtering task, we experimented a filtering technique, which unifies the results of support vector machines for subtopics subdivided by incremental clustering. For a topic, we generated subtopics by detecting similar documents in training relevant documents, and unified the results of SVM classifier for subtopics by OR set operation. In question answering task, we submitted two runs for main task (KAISTQAMAIN1, KAISTQAMAIN2), two runs for list task (KAISTQALIST1, KAISTQALIST2), and one run for context task (KAISTQACTX).
Optimal Trajectory Generation Using Model Predictive Control for Aerially Towed Cable Systems

This paper studies trajectory generation for a mothership that tows a drogue using a flexible cable. The contributions of this paper include model validation for the towed cable system described by a lumped mass extensible cable using flight data, and optimal trajectory generation for the towed cable system with tension constraints using model predictive control. The optimization problem is formulated using a combination of the squared-error and L1-norm objective functions. Different desired circular trajectories of the towed body are used to calculate optimal trajectories for the towing vehicle subject to performance limits and wind disturbances. Trajectory generation for transitions from straight and level flight into an orbit is also presented. The computational efficiency is demonstrated, which is essential for potential real-time applications. This paper gives a framework for specifying an arbitrary flight path for the towed body by optimizing the action of the towing vehicle subject to constraints.
The Impact of Institutional Credit on Agricultural Production in Pakistan

Three main factors that contribute to agricultural growth are the increased use of agricultural inputs, technological change and technical efficiency. Technological change is the result of research and development efforts, while technical efficiency with which new technology is adopted and used more rationally is affected by the flow of information, better infrastructure, availability of funds and farmers’ managerial capabilities. Higher use and better mix of inputs also requires funds at the disposal of farmers. These funds could come either from farmers’ own savings or through borrowings. In less developed countries like Pakistan where savings are negligible especially among the small farmers, agricultural credit appears to be an essential input along with modern technology for higher productivity. Credit requirements of the farming sector have increased rapidly over the past few decades resulting from the rise in use of fertiliser, biocides, improved seeds and mechanisation, and hike in their prices. The agricultural credit system of Pakistan consists of informal and formal sources of credit supply. The informal sources include friends, relatives, commission agents, traders and private moneylenders etc. Presently, the formal credit sources are comprised of financial institutions like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL)—formerly known as Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), Commercial Banks, and Federal Bank for Cooperatives. Recently, some non-government organisations (NGOs) are also advancing agricultural credit to the rural communities. Like most of the developing countries, expansion of subsidised institutional credit has been widely exercised in Pakistan. The target is to attain higher
The autophagy gene BbATG5, involved in the formation of the autophagosome, contributes to cell differentiation and growth but is dispensable for pathogenesis in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

Autophagy is a highly conserved process, representing the major eukaryotic degradative pathway of cellular components. Autophagy-mediated recycling of cellular materials contributes to cell differentiation, tissue remodelling and proper development. In fungi, autophagy is required for normal growth and cell differentiation. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and its invertebrate targets represent a unique model system with which to examine host-pathogen interactions. The ATG5 gene is one of 17 involved in autophagosome formation, and the B. bassiana homologue (BbATG5) was identified. The role of autophagy in B. bassiana growth and virulence was investigated via construction of a targeted gene knockout of BbATG5. The mutant strain displayed increased sensitivity to nutrient limitation, with decreased germination and growth as compared with the wild-type parent. Conidiation was severely compromised and conidia derived from the ΔBbATG5 strain were altered in morphology. Cell differentiation into blastospores was also greatly reduced. Despite the significant growth and developmental defects, insect bioassays using the oriental leafworm moth, Spodoptera litura, indicated a modest (~40 %) decrease in virulence in the ΔBbATG5 strain. The phenotypic defects of the ΔBbATG5 strain could be restored by introduction of an intact copy of BbATG5. These data suggest that unlike several plant and animal pathogenic fungi, where ATG5 is required for infection, in B. bassiana it is dispensable for pathogenesis.
Data replication policy in a cloud computing environment

In a cloud computing environment, data replication is frequently used for failure recovery. However, data replication can be used also to improve the performance of the execution of application. In this context, this article presents a policy for data replication for a computational cloud with bioinformatics data, such that the execution of application of bioinformatics is reduced.
Impact of maternal HIV-1 viremia on lymphocyte subsets among HIV-exposed uninfected infants: protective mechanism or immunodeficiency

BACKGROUND
Reports of increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases among HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) infants have raised concern about a possible underlying immunodeficiency among them. The objective of this study was to assess the immunological profile of HEU infants born to mothers exhibiting different levels of HIV-1 viremia at the time of delivery.


METHODS
Study subjects were enrolled in the Centre maternel et infantile sur le SIDA (CMIS) mother-child cohort between 1997 and 2010 (n =585). Infant CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cell counts were assessed at 2 and 6 months of age, and compared among HEU infants in groups defined by maternal viral load (VL) at the time of delivery (VL < 50 copies/ml, VL 50-1000 copies/ml, and VL > 1000 copies/ml) in a multivariable analysis.


RESULTS
At 2 months of age, infants born to mothers with VL > 1000 copies/ml had lower CD4+ T cell counts compared to those born to mothers with VL < 50 copies/ml at the time of delivery (44.3% versus 48.3%, p = 0.007, and 2884 vs. 2432 cells/mm3, p = 0.02). These differences remained significant after adjusting for maternal and infant antiretroviral drug use, gender, race and gestational age, and persisted at 6 months of age. There were no differences in CD8+ T cell count or absolute CD19+ B cell count between groups, though higher CD19+ B cell percentage was seen among infants born to mothers with VL > 1000 copies/ml.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that exposure to high levels of HIV-1 viremia in utero, even in the absence of perinatal transmission, may affect the infant's developing immune system. While further work needs to be done to confirm these findings, they reinforce the need for optimal treatment of HIV infected pregnant women, and careful follow-up of HEU infants.
Development of a multidimensional assessment tool for uraemic pruritus: Uraemic Pruritus in Dialysis Patients (UP-Dial).

BACKGROUND
Dialysis patients with uraemic pruritus (UP) have significantly impaired quality of life. To assess the therapeutic effect of UP treatments, a well-validated comprehensive and multidimensional instrument needed to be established.


OBJECTIVES
To develop and validate a multidimensional scale assessing UP in patients on dialysis: the Uraemic Pruritus in Dialysis Patients (UP-Dial).


METHODS
The development and validation of the UP-Dial instrument were conducted in four phases: (i) item generation, (ii) development of a pilot questionnaire, (iii) refinement of the questionnaire with patient recruitment and (iv) psychometric validation. Participants completed the UP-Dial, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of UP, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) between 15 May 2012 and 30 November 2015.


RESULTS
The 27-item pilot UP-Dial was generated, with 168 participants completing the pilot scale. After factor analysis was performed, the final 14-item UP-Dial encompassed three domains: signs and symptoms, psychosocial, and sleep. Face and content validity were satisfied through the item generation process and expert review. Psychometric analysis demonstrated that the UP-Dial had good convergent and discriminant validity. The UP-Dial was significantly correlated [Spearman rank coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI)] with the VAS-UP (0·76, 0·69-0·83), DLQI (0·78, 0·71-0·85), KDQOL-36 (-0·86, -0·91 to -0·81), PSQI (0·85, 0·80-0·89) and BDI (0·70, 0·61-0·79). The UP-Dial revealed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0·90, 95% CI 0·87-0·92) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation 0·95, 95% CI 0·90-0·98).


CONCLUSIONS
The UP-Dial is valid and reliable for assessing UP among patients on dialysis. Future research should focus on the cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the scale to other languages.
[A perfect family medicine storm ].

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Research has, historically and arguably, been an “issue” for family medicine. Although the preponderance of Canadian clinical activity occurs in the family medicine primary care world, most published medical research continues to arise from non–family physicians, most often
Caesar : a social code review tool for programming education

Caesar is a distributed, social code review tool designed for the specific constraints and goals of a programming course. Caesar is capable of scaling to a large and diverse reviewer population, provides automated tools for increasing reviewer efficiency, and implements a social web interface for reviewing that encourages discussion and participation. Our system is implemented in three loosely-coupled components: a language-specific code preprocessor that partitions code into small pieces, filters out uninteresting ones, runs static analysis, and detects clusters of similar code; an incremental task router that dynamically assigns reviewers to tasks; and a language-agnostic web interface for reviewing code. Our evaluation using actual student code and a user study indicate that Caesar provides a significant improvement over existing code review workflows and interfaces. We also believe that this work contributes a modular framework for code reviewing systems that can be easily extended and improved. Thesis Supervisor: Robert C. Miller Title: Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Spectral karyotyping refines cytogenetic diagnostics of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities

Karyotype analysis by chromosome banding is the standard method for identifying numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in pre- and postnatal cytogenetics laboratories. However, the chromosomal origins of markers, subtle translocations, or complex chromosomal rearrangements are often difficult to identify with certainty. We have developed a novel karyotyping technique, termed spectral karyotyping (SKY), which is based on the simultaneous hybridization of 24 chromosome-specific painting probes labeled with different fluorochromes or fluorochrome combinations. The measurement of defined emission spectra by means of interferometer-based spectral imaging allows for the definitive discernment of all human chromosomes in different colors. Here, we report the comprehensive karyotype analysis of 16 samples from different cytogenetic laboratories by merging conventional cytogenetic methodology and spectral karyotyping. This approach could become a powerful tool for the cytogeneticists, because it results in a considerable improvement of karyotype analysis by identifying chromosomal aberrations not previously detected by G-banding alone. Advantages, limitations, and future directions of spectral karyotyping are discussed.
Effects of atrial fibrillation on treatment of mitral regurgitation in the EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study) randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to characterize patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and atrial fibrillation (AF) treated percutaneously using the MitraClip device (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, Illinois) and compare the results with surgery in this population.


BACKGROUND
The EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study) randomized controlled trial compared a less invasive catheter-based treatment for MR with surgery, providing an opportunity to assess the impact of AF on the outcomes of both the MitraClip procedure and surgical repair.


METHODS
The study population included 264 patients with moderately severe or severe MR assessed by an independent echocardiographic core laboratory. Comparison of safety and effectiveness study endpoints at 30 days and 1 year were made using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol (cohort of patients with MR ≤2+ at discharge) analyses.


RESULTS
Pre-existing AF was present in 27% of patients. These patients were older, had more advanced disease, and were more likely to have a functional etiology. Similar reduction of MR to ≤2+ before discharge was achieved in patients with AF (83%) and in patients without AF (75%, p = 0.3). Freedom from death, mitral valve surgery for valve dysfunction, and MR >2+ was similar at 12 months for AF patients (64%) and for no-AF patients (61%, p = 0.3). At 12 months, MR reduction to <2+ was greater with surgery than with MitraClip, but there was no interaction between rhythm and MR reduction, and no difference in all-cause mortality between patients with and patients without AF.


CONCLUSIONS
Atrial fibrillation is associated with more advanced valvular disease and noncardiac comorbidities. However, acute procedural success, safety, and 1-year efficacy with MitraClip therapy is similar for patients with AF and without AF.
Comparison of ex vivo expansion culture conditions of mesenchymal stem cells for human cell therapy.

BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. Based on their properties, several clinical trials have been designed to explore their potential therapeutic effect. Fetal calf serum (FCS, commonly used for in vitro expansion) is an undesirable source of xenogeneic antigens and bears the risk of transmitting contaminations. As an alternative for FCS, platelet lysate (PL) and both autologous and allogeneic human serum have been proposed. The aim of this study is to compare the culture of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs in the presence of different serum supplements to determine the effect on cell growth, differentiation potential, and immunologic function.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
MSCs from BM of healthy volunteer donors were grown in the presence of 10% FCS supplemented with 1 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 10% human serum supplemented with 1 ng/mL bFGF, 5% PL, and PL 5% supplemented with 1 ng/mL bFGF (PL plus bFGF).


RESULTS
MSCs that expanded in either medium showed a comparable morphology, phenotype, and proliferative and differentiation capacity. While the presence of MSCs in vitro significantly decreased CD3/CD28-mediated T-cell activation, this effect was significantly higher in MSCs cultured with human serum. Production of interferon-gamma was inhibited by cocultured media with MSCs while MSCs also induced a significant inhibition of cell cycle in T cells.


DISCUSSION
In conclusion, PL or autologous serum could offer an alternative to the use of FCS in MSC expansion for clinical use maintaining the same growing potential, phenotype, immunomodulatory properties, and differentiation potential.
Wide angle colonoscopy with a prototype instrument: impact on miss rates and efficiency as determined by back-to-back colonoscopies

OBJECTIVE:Polyps are missed during conventional colonoscopy, even with meticulous technique. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a prototype wide angle colonoscope is associated with a reduced miss rate for polyps.METHODS:Two studies were performed. In study 1, a total of 50 patients underwent back-to-back, same-day colonoscopy by a single examiner with the prototype wide angle colonoscope and with a standard colonoscope, with the order of scopes randomized. In study 1, an attempt was made to keep examination time with the two colonoscopes equal. In study 2, a total of 20 patients were examined, 10 by the same colonoscopist who performed study 1 and 10 by a second colonoscopist. In study 2, examiners tried to perform the examinations as quickly as accuracy would allow.RESULTS:In study 1, the miss rate for all polyps was lower with the wide angle colonoscope (20% vs 31%; p = 0.046), although the mean examination time with the wide angle instrument was shorter (6.75 min vs 7.64 min; p = 0.0005). There was no significant difference in detection of adenomas. Polyps, including adenomas, were missed in the peripheral endoscopic field more frequently with the standard colonoscope. In study 2, wide angle colonoscopy was associated with reductions in examination time of 25% and 30% for the two examiners, respectively. Miss rates were the same for one colonoscopist but were higher for the other colonoscopist when the wide angle instrument was used.CONCLUSION:A prototype wide angle colonoscope did not eliminate polyp miss rates. Wide angle colonoscopy has the potential to reduce examination time and improve visualization of the periphery of the endoscopic field of view, but improvements in resolution are needed.
Proposing a theory of gamification effectiveness

Gamification informally refers to making a system more game-like. More specifically, gamification denotes applying game mechanics to a non-game system. We theorize that gamification success depends on the game mechanics employed and their effects on user motivation and immersion. The proposed theory may be tested using an experiment or questionnaire study.
Indicators of pretreatment suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE
In order to evaluate the presence of treatment emergent suicidal ideation (SI), it becomes necessary to identify those patients with SI at the onset of treatment. The purpose of this report is to identify sociodemographic and clinical features that are associated with SI in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients prior to treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.


METHOD
This multisite study enrolled 265 out-patients with non-psychotic MDD. Sociodemographic and clinical features of participants with and without SI were compared post hoc.


RESULTS
Social phobia, bulimia nervosa, number of past depressive episodes, and race were independently associated with SI by one or more SI measure.


CONCLUSION
Concurrent social phobia and bulimia nervosa may be potential risk factors for SI in patients with non-psychotic MDD. Additionally, patients with more than one past depressive episode may also be at increased risk of SI.