LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
HER2 staining intensity in HER2-positive disease: relationship with FISH amplification and clinical outcome in the HERA trial of adjuvant trastuzumab.

BACKGROUND
Trastuzumab treatment improves survival of HER2-positive primary breast cancer. HER2 staining intensity varies widely in HER2-positive tumours.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We investigated whether differences in immunohistochemical (IHC) staining intensity for HER2 in HER2-positive tumors (IHC 3+ or FISH ratio ≥2.0) was associated with prognosis or benefit from trastuzumab treatment in patients randomized to 1 year or no trastuzumab in the HERceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial. Median follow-up was 2 years. The nested case-control analysis, included 425 patients (cases) with a disease-free survival (DFS) event and two matched controls (no DFS event) per case. Tissue sections stained for HER2 were assessed for HER2 staining intensity by image analysis.


RESULTS
HER2 staining intensity varied widely and correlated with HER2 gene copy number (Spearman, r = 0.498, P < 0.001) or less closely with HER2/CEP17 FISH ratio (r = 0.396, P < 0.001). We found no significant difference in DFS in the observation arm according to staining intensity (odds ratio [OR] change per 10 unit change in intensity: 1.015, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.930-1.108) and no impact of staining intensity on benefit derived from 1-year trastuzumab (OR: 1.017, 95% CI 0.925-1.120).


CONCLUSIONS
Variability in HER2 staining in HER2-positive tumours has no role in clinical management with adjuvant trastuzumab.


HERA TRIAL NO
NCT00045032.
Midterm clinical and angiographic follow-up for the first Food and Drug Administration-approved prospective, Single-Arm Trial of Primary Stenting for Stroke: SARIS (Stent-Assisted Recanalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke).

BACKGROUND
Although early data demonstrate encouraging angiographic results following intracranial stent deployment for acute ischemic stroke, longer-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the clinical outcomes, as well as the durability of angiographic results.


OBJECTIVE
We report 6-month clinical and radiologic follow-up data of the 20 patients prospectively enrolled in the Stent-Assisted Recanalization in acute Ischemic Stroke (SARIS) trial.


METHODS
Twenty patients were prospectively enrolled to receive self-expanding intra-arterial stents as first-line therapy for acute ischemic stroke treatment. Patients were scheduled for follow-up 6-months after treatment for clinical evaluation (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score obtained by a trained certified research nurse/nurse practitioner) and repeat cerebral angiography. Angiographic interpretation was performed by an independent adjudicator.


RESULTS
At 6 months, the mRS score was ≤3 in 60% of patients (n = 12) and was ≤2 in 55% of patients (n = 11). Mortality at the 6-month follow-up was 35% (n = 7). Follow-up angiography was performed for 85% (11 of 13) of surviving patients. All patients undergoing angiographic follow-up demonstrated Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 3 flow on digital subtraction angiography or stent patency on computed tomographic angiography. None of the patients demonstrated evidence of in-stent stenosis (≥50% vessel narrowing).


CONCLUSION
The midterm angiographic and clinical results following intracranial stent deployment for acute ischemic stroke are encouraging. Further study of primary stent-for-stroke treatment is warranted.
Early identification and intervention in the prevention of musculoskeletal pain.

BACKGROUND
A large number of people suffer from upper extremity disorders, but a few apparently consume the majority of the resources. Early interventions are badly needed to prevent the development of persistent disability. Since psychological factors are central in the development of a chronic problem these might be utilized in this endeavor.


METHODS
A series of studies are described where a screening procedure based on psychological risk factors was employed to help identify people at risk for developing long-term work disability. The utility of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention that focuses on coping strategies as prevention was assessed in three randomized-controlled studies where participants had low, medium, and high risk, respectively.


RESULTS
The study with low risk showed no significant difference between the groups, while the studies with medium- and high-risk populations demonstrated significantly lower work disability than control groups receiving treatment as usual.


CONCLUSIONS
It appears to be feasible to identify patients with high levels of risk and to subsequently lower the risk for work disability by administering a cognitive-behavioral intervention focusing on psychological aspects of the pain problem.
Data Mining: A prediction for performance improvement using classification

Now-a-days the amount of data stored in educational database increasing rapidly. These databases contain hidden information for improvement of students’ performance. The performance in higher education in India is a turning point in the academics for all students. This academic performance is influenced by many factors, therefore it is essential to develop predictive data mining model for students’ performance so as to identify the difference between high learners and slow learners student. In the present investigation, an experimental methodology was adopted to generate a database. The raw data was preprocessed in terms of filling up missing values, transforming values in one form into another and relevant attribute/ variable selection. As a result, we had 300 student records, which were used for by Byes classification prediction model construction. KeywordsData Mining, Educational Data Mining, Predictive Model, Classification.
Deep Sequencing of Pyrethroid-Resistant Bed Bugs Reveals Multiple Mechanisms of Resistance within a Single Population

A frightening resurgence of bed bug infestations has occurred over the last 10 years in the U.S. and current chemical methods have been inadequate for controlling this pest due to widespread insecticide resistance. Little is known about the mechanisms of resistance present in U.S. bed bug populations, making it extremely difficult to develop intelligent strategies for their control. We have identified bed bugs collected in Richmond, VA which exhibit both kdr-type (L925I) and metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Using LD(50) bioassays, we determined that resistance ratios for Richmond strain bed bugs were ∼5200-fold to the insecticide deltamethrin. To identify metabolic genes potentially involved in the detoxification of pyrethroids, we performed deep-sequencing of the adult bed bug transcriptome, obtaining more than 2.5 million reads on the 454 titanium platform. Following assembly, analysis of newly identified gene transcripts in both Harlan (susceptible) and Richmond (resistant) bed bugs revealed several candidate cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase genes which were significantly over-expressed in the resistant strain, consistent with the idea of increased metabolic resistance. These data will accelerate efforts to understand the biochemical basis for insecticide resistance in bed bugs, and provide molecular markers to assist in the surveillance of metabolic resistance.
The increase in incidence of cancer of the tongue in the Nordic countries continues into the twenty-first century.

CONCLUSION
This study shows a persistent trend of an increase in the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue into the twenty-first century for both sexes and all age groups except for young males.


OBJECTIVES
During the last decades increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue in young adults has been reported. We previously showed an increased incidence in SCC of the tongue in Scandinavia in 1960-1994, most pronounced in patients aged 20-39 years. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the trend of increased incidence of tongue cancer continued into the twenty-first century in a population-based study in the Nordic countries.


METHODS
Data for all reported SCCs of the tongue and base of tongue in patients aged 20-79 years during 1960-2008 were extracted from the NORDCAN registry, based on the National Cancer registries in the Nordic countries. Data from Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland were analyzed. The age groups 20-39, 40-64, and 65-79 years were studied separately as well as male and female figures.


RESULTS
In all, 12 280 cases were reported, of which 673 were diagnosed in patients aged 20-39 years. The trend of an increase persisted after 1994 in both sexes and all three age groups except in young males.
Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed oil

The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean ricinus communis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid percentage (% FFA) were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%), palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols were identified as triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO (5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%) respectively. Keyword: Physicochemical properties; ricinus communis L; ricinoleic acid; triricinolein
Determinants of Market Reactions to Restatement Announcements

We examine the market reaction to a sample of 403 restatements announced from 1995 to 1999. We document an average abnormal return of about 9 percent over a 2-day announcement window. We find that more negative returns are associated with restatements involving fraud, affecting more accounts, decreasing reported income and attributed to auditors or management (but not the Securities and Exchange Commission). There appears to be an additional penalty for announcements that do not quantify the restatement. Finally, we provide evidence on the relation between restatement announcements and analyst earnings forecast dispersion, bid–ask spreads and subsequent revisions in analyst earnings forecasts. r 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: M41; G14
Working Memory, Visual-Spatial-Intelligence and Their Relationship to Problem-Solving.

Article history: Received 13 August 2007 Received in revised form 12 March 2008 Accepted 25 March 2008 Available online 3 June 2008 The relationship between working memory, intelligence and problem-solving is explored. Wittmann and Süß [Wittmann, W.W., & Süß, H.M. (1999). Investigating the paths between working memory, intelligence, knowledge, and complex problem-solving performances via Brunswik symmetry. In P.L. Ackerman, R.D. Roberts (Ed.), Learning and individual differences. Process, trait content determinants (pp. 77–104). Washington: APA.] showed that workingmemory shares unique variance with problem-solving beyond intelligence. We used measures of visuospatial intelligence (Gv) and working memory to predict performance in the simulation-based problem-solving test MultiFlux in a sample of N=144 undergraduate students. SEM analyses showed that while there was no unique contribution of Gv, working memory was a significant predictor ofMultiFlux rule knowledge and rule application. This result is not in line with findings by Wittmann and Süß. It is discussed that task content (verbal, figural, numerical) might play an important role in explaining the relationship between intelligence and problem-solving. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Occupational Stress and Burnout among Surgeons in Fiji

AIM
This study examined the levels of occupational stress and burnout among surgeons in Fiji.


METHODS
A document set comprising a cover letter; a consent form; a sociodemographic and supplementary information questionnaire; the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); and the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) questionnaires were provided to surgeons from three public divisional hospitals in Fiji. Thirty-six of 43 (83.7%) invited surgeons participated in the study.


RESULTS
According to their MBI scores, surgeons suffered from low (10, 27.8%), moderate (23, 63.9%), and high (3, 8.3%) levels of burnout. Comparatively, 23 (63.9%) demonstrated moderate burnout according to their ProQOL scores. Substantial psychiatric morbidity was observed in 16 (44.0%) surgeons per their GHQ-12 scores. Consumption of alcohol was noted in 29 (80.6%) surgeons, and 12 (33.4%) had AUDIT scores characterizing their alcohol use in excess of low-risk guidelines or as harmful or hazardous drinking. Surgeons of Fijian nationality showed higher MBI emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores compared with surgeons of other nationalities. Surgeons with an awareness of the availability of counseling services at their hospitals showed low AUDIT and ProQOL burnout scores. Smokers, alcohol drinkers, and kava drinkers showed higher AUDIT scores.


CONCLUSION
This study highlights a level of occupational stress and burnout among surgeons in Fiji and a lack of awareness of their mental and physical well-being. The authors recommend that occupational stress and burnout intervention strategies be put in place in hospitals in Fiji.
LUMPS: ONE YEAR CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: The breast is commonest site for development of cancer in female and accounts for around 1/5 of all malignancies in the sex. In the past few years ultrasonography of the breast for evaluation of radiologically dense breasts or cysts has been become the 1st line of investigation. Aims and Objectives: To assess the role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps. The most important clinical use of ultrasound imaging is its ability to differentiate between solid and cystic masses, benign and also by knowing the prior diagnosis the need for open biopsy and followed by surgery, the cost and time involved can be saved. In patients with dense breasts the FNAC may not hit the exact site of mass and can give inconclusive diagnosis. When Ultrasonography can pick up abscess of breast, needle aspiration can be done instead of incision and drainage. Breast ultrasonography should be considered as an extension of physical examination and it will improve the care available to patients and subsequently improve outcomes. Ultrasonography can expedite both diagnosis and treatment Results: On analysis, 68 patients were included in study. The sensitivity of ultrasonography for malignancy was 89.47%. The specificity of ultrasonography was malignant & benign lesions 100%. The positive predictive value of ultrasonography was 100%. Conclusion: Ultrasound has higher sensitivity in diagnosing malignant lesions hence should be considered as first line diagnostic tool for breast lesions.
Open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study of alisertib (MLN8237), an aurora A kinase inhibitor, with docetaxel in patients with solid tumors.

BACKGROUND
This study was designed to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of alisertib (MLN8237) in combination with docetaxel and to identify a recommended dose for the combination.


METHODS
Adults with metastatic cancer were treated on 21-day cycles with alisertib (10, 20, 30, or 40 mg) twice daily on days 1 to 7 or days 1 to 5 and with docetaxel (75 or 60 mg/m(2) ) on day 1. The primary objectives were to assess the safety and tolerability of the combination and to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for future studies. Secondary objectives included an efficacy assessment and PK analyses of docetaxel and alisertib.


RESULTS
Forty-one patients participated. Eight dose levels were explored with various doses of alisertib and docetaxel. The dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenic fever, neutropenia without fever, stomatitis, and urinary tract infection. The RP2D of this combination was 20 mg of alisertib twice daily on days 1 to 7 and intravenous docetaxel at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 in 21-day cycles. Eight of the 28 patients (29%) who were efficacy-evaluable had objective responses. These included 1 complete response in a patient with bladder cancer, 6 partial responses in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, and 1 partial response in a patient with angiosarcoma. Concomitant administration of alisertib did not produce any clinically meaningful change in docetaxel PK.


CONCLUSIONS
Alisertib at 20 mg twice daily on days 1 to 7 with intravenous docetaxel at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 in a 21-day cycle was well tolerated, and the combination demonstrated antitumor activity. Cancer 2016;122:2524-33. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
HOPE: An electronic gadget for home-bound patients and elders

Home-bound patients, mostly elders face many problems regarding their critical health parameter variations and timely assistance in case of emergencies. It is really a malady when they suffer from other severe diseases, heart problems etc. A constant and reliable assistive technology is essential while taking care of homebound patients. The system, HOPE we have proposed has sensors to monitor the heart rate, body temperature, tilt and fall. The sensors are attached to the body of the elderly patient in a contented manner. The data can be sent to any Smartphone with Bluetooth support. In case of any emergency the caretaker will be given a notification about the critical situation. The provision to monitor the posture of the patient in the bed helps to reduce the cases of bedsore in bedridden elders. Day by day the menace of weakening health and chances of skin related problems, bed sores etc. are becoming critical in case of bed ridden patients. The experimental results presented in this paper give some insight into the behavior of the proposed system.
Investigating the relationship between language model perplexity and IR precision-recall measures

An empirical study has been conducted investigating the relationship between the performance of an aspect based language model in terms of perplexity and the corresponding information retrieval performance obtained. It is observed, on the corpora considered, that the perplexity of the language model has a systematic relationship with the achievable precision recall performance though it is not statistically significant.
Strategy and history : essays on theory and practice

Introduction: Holding the Strategy Bridge Part 1: Strategy, Strategic Studies, and History 1. Across the Nuclear Divide - Strategic Studies, Past and Present (1977) 2. New Directions for Strategic Studies? How Can Theory Help Practice? (1992) 3. History for Strategists: British Seapower as a Relevant Past (1994) 4. Why Strategy is Difficult (1999) 5. From Principles of Warfare to Principles of War (2005) Part 2: Strategic Issues 6. Nuclear Strategy: The Case for a Theory of Victory (1979) 7. The Revolution in Military Affairs (1998) 8. Arms Control Does Not Control Arms (1993) Part 3: Geography, Culture, Ethics 9. Geography and Grand Strategy (1991) 10. Strategic Culture as Context: The First Generation of Theory Strikes Back (1999) 11. Force, Order, and Justice: The Ethics of Realism in Statecraft (1993) Part 4: War and the Future 12. What is War? A View from Strategic Studies (2005)
Conscious Choices: A Model for Self-Directed Learning

1. Self Directed Learning: Values and Goals. 2. Choices: Critical Thinking. 3. Attention: Comprehension and Focus. 4. Energy: Mental and Physical Well Being. 5. Emotional Intelligence: Self Mastery. 6. Integrity: Motivation and Accountability. 7. Integration: Time and Learning. References and Resources.
High prevalence of inactivity among young patients with type 1 diabetes in south Spain.

OBJECTIVES
To describe usual physical activity level and analyze its association with metabolic control and presence of microvascular complications in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (DM-1) in south Spain.


METHODS
Observational, cross-sectional study that included one hundred thirty patients, aged 33.9 ± 11.5 years-old with disease duration of 16.5 ± 9.5 years that consecutively were recruited among patients attending the Endocrinology Service of Puerta del Mar University Hospital (Cádiz, Spain). Usual physical activity level was assessed using the "General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire" (GPPAQ) together with clinical, anthropometric, metabolic parameters and microvascular complications.


RESULTS
DM-1 patients were grouped in four categories of physical activity level: inactive (n = 33; 25.3%), moderately inactive (n = 31; 23.8%), moderately active (n = 26; 20.0%) and active (n = 40; 30.9%). We observed no significant differences in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level between the different physical activity groups analyzed. Patients classified as moderately active and active were more often men, significantly younger and presented lower plasmatic levels of triglycerides than patients classified as inactive or moderately inactive, with no differences in other clinical or anthropometric variables. In addition, active and moderately active patients had a lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and microvascular complications in general compared to inactive or moderately inactive patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Half of patients with type 1 diabetes evaluated were classified as inactive and these patients had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy than active patients. No difference in HbA1c levels was documented among different groups of physical activity.
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Pilot Trial of Botulinum Toxin for Paratonic Rigidity in People with Advanced Cognitive Impairment

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate safety and efficacy of Incobotulinumtoxin A in elderly patients with dementia and paratonia.


SETTING
University-affiliated hospital, spasticity management Clinic.


PARTICIPANTS
Ten subjects were enrolled.


INCLUSION CRITERIA
1) severe cognitive impairment 2) diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or frontotemporal dementia, and 3) score >3 on the paratonic assessment instrument, with posture in an arm(s) interfering with provision of care.


EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1) alternate etiologies for increased tone and 2) injection with botulinum toxin within the 6 months preceding the study.


DESIGN
Single center, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with two treatment cycles of 16 weeks. Assessments occurred at 2, 6, 12 and16 weeks following injections. Subjects received up to 300 U of Incobotulinumtoxin A in arm(s).


PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcome measure was the modified caregiver burden scale (mCBS); exploratory secondary outcome measures were also performed. Analysis of variance and mixed modeling techniques were used to evaluate treatment effects.


RESULTS
Incobotulinumtoxin A treatment produced significant improvement in mCBS total score -1.11 (-2.04 to -0.18) (Treatment effect and 95% CI), dressing sub-score -0.36 (-0.59 to 0.12), and cleaning under the left and right armpits sub-score -0.5 (-0.96 to -0.04), -0.41 (-0.79 to -0.04) respectively. PROM in the left and right elbow increased by 27.67 degrees (13.32-42.02) and 22.07 degrees (9.76-34.39) respectively. PROM in the left and right shoulder increased by 11.92 degrees (5.46-18.38) and 8.58 degrees (3.73-13.43) respectively. No significant treatment effect was found for GAS, VAS and PAINAD scales or change in time to perform care. No adverse drug reactions occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Administration of Incobotulinumtoxin A in elderly people with advanced dementia and paratonia may be an efficacious and safe treatment to increase range of motion and reduce functional burden. Further studies are needed to confirm results.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02212119.