LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Acquisition of English: An Intelligent CALL Approach

In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of a user model for CALL which captures various levels of language acquisition using individualized overlays supported with stereotypes. Our current focus is the empirical analysis of the order of written English grammatical structure acquisition in our learner population used to develop stereotype layers in our model. We are currently developing the system ICICLE (Interactive Computer Identi-cation and Correction of Language Errors) to take a Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) approach toward tutoring deaf students on their written English 12, 13]. Our target learners are native or near-native users of American Sign Language (ASL), a language entirely distinct from English, so we approach the acquisition of skills in written English as a second language (L2) acquisition task. This allows us to develop a system for a population which can greatly beneet from access to individualized, adaptive tutoring 13] while contributing to the eld of CALL a design and methodology which can be also generalized to other L2 learners. Our system is a writing tutor intended to supplement classroom instruction by providing students with detailed feedback on the grammatical errors in their English compositions. Its primary concerns are the correct analysis of student-generated language errors and the production of tutorial feedback to student performance which is both correct and tailored to the student. Its interaction with a user begins when the user submits a composition to the system, which is analyzed for grammatical errors. The system then responds with tutorial feedback aimed at enabling the student to perform corrections. When the student has revised the piece, it can be re-submitted for analysis. As ICICLE is intended to be used by an individual over time and across many pieces of writing, the system should learn as much as it can about a user to perform the language analysis and constructive feedback as accurately as possible.
Advances in Software Maintenance Management: Technologies and Solutions

Here is a new offering, now available both as a hardcover and as an e-book, in the much-neglected category of comprehensive texts on software maintenance. It is especially welcome for those of us struggling to provide our students with a text for learning the basics of software maintenance, in preparation for their inevitable first maintenance assignments as junior software engineers. This new book, Advances in Software Maintenance Management: Technologies and Solutions, edited by Macario Polo, Mario Piattini, and Francisco Ruiz at the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Spain, is not intended to be an academic textbook and so is lacking in some areas for that purpose. However, it has some important advantages over the few other choices in this area. It also is a useful volume for managers and others interested in getting an up-to-date understanding of some of the major issues in software maintenance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradient descent with sparsification: an iterative algorithm for sparse recovery with restricted isometry property

We present an algorithm for finding an <i>s</i>-sparse vector <i>x</i> that minimizes the <i>square-error</i> ∥<i>y</i> -- Φ<i>x</i>∥<sup>2</sup> where Φ satisfies the <i>restricted isometry property</i> (RIP), with <i>isometric constant</i> Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < 1/3. Our algorithm, called <b>GraDeS</b> (Gradient Descent with Sparsification) iteratively updates <i>x</i> as: [EQUATION]
 where γ > 1 and <i>H<sub>s</sub></i> sets all but <i>s</i> largest magnitude coordinates to zero. <b>GraDeS</b> converges to the correct solution in constant number of iterations. The condition Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < 1/3 is most general for which a <i>near-linear time</i> algorithm is known. In comparison, the best condition under which a polynomial-time algorithm is known, is Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < √2 -- 1.
 Our Matlab implementation of <b>GraDeS</b> outperforms previously proposed algorithms like Subspace Pursuit, StOMP, OMP, and Lasso by an order of magnitude. Curiously, our experiments also uncovered cases where L1-regularized regression (Lasso) fails but <b>GraDeS</b> finds the correct solution.
A new proof of Gromov’s theorem on groups of polynomial growth

We recall that a Riemannian manifold has bounded geometry if its sectional curvature is bounded above and below and its injectivity radius is bounded away from zero. Two metric spaces are quasi-isometric if they contain bi-Lipschitz homeomorphic nets. A piecewise smooth function u : X → R on a bounded degree graph is harmonic if it minimizes energy on finite subgraphs, or, equivalently, if its derivative is constant along each edge and its value at each vertex coincides with its average
Good kids from bad neighborhoods : successful development in social context

This is a study of successful youth development in poor, disadvantaged neighborhoods in Denver and Chicago – a study of how children living in the worst neighborhoods develop or fail to develop the values, competencies, and commitments that lead to a productive, healthy, and responsible adult life. While there is a strong focus on neighborhood effects, the study employs a multicontextual model to take into account the effects of other social contexts embedded in the neighborhood that also influence development. The unique and combined influence of the neighborhood, family, school, peer group, and individual attributes on developmental success is estimated. The view that growing up in a poor, disadvantaged neighborhood condemns one to a life of repeated failure and personal pathology is revealed as a myth, as most youth in these neighborhoods are completing the developmental tasks of adolescence successfully.
Financial evaluation of smallholder timber-based agroforestry systems in Claveria, Northern Mindanao, the Philippines

In the Philippines, timber production on small farms has become profitable as a result of reduced supplies due to extensive deforestation and increasing demand. In the early 1990s, when the price of timber was high, farmers were promised huge returns from tree farming. However, widespread planting of few species has led to oversupply and a sharp decline in the price of farm-grown timber. Moreover, low intercrop yields as a result of competition from fast-growing trees and low timber yields due to poor tree management, further reduce net economic returns. In spite of this, interest in tree farming remains high. This paper examines the private profitability of two tree-maize systems, namely trees in blocks and trees in hedgerows, compared with the alternative of maize monocropping. The analysis reveals that maize monocropping provides higher returns to land at the current timber price, but considerably lower returns to labour, than the maize-tree systems tested. This suggests that tree farming is a more attractive option for labour and capital-constrained households or those with off-farm opportunities that compete for their labour. These farmers may raise productivity and income by planting trees on the excess land that cannot be devoted to annual crops. The analysis also indicates that wide-spaced tree hedgerows are superior to tree blocks, due to lower establishment and management costs, longer periods of viable intercropping and more rapid tree growth.
Small business applications of sourcemap: a web tool for sustainable design and supply chain transparency

This paper introduces sustainable design applications for small businesses through the Life Cycle Assessment and supply chain publishing platform Sourcemap.org. This web-based tool was developed through a year-long participatory design process with five small businesses in Scotland and in New England. Sourcemap was used as a diagnostic tool for carbon accounting, design and supply chain management. It offers a number of ways to market sustainable practices through embedded and printed visualizations. Our experiences confirm the potential of web sustainability tools and social media to expand the discourse and to negotiate the diverse goals inherent in social and environmental sustainability.
Corneal Endothelial Alterations in Chronic Renal Failure.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the corneal endothelial changes in patients with chronic renal failure.


METHODS
A total of 128 corneas of 128 subjects were studied, and 3 groups were formed. The first, the dialyzed group, composed of 32 corneas of 32 patients; the second, the nondialyzed group, composed of 34 corneas of 34 patients; and the third, the age-matched control group, composed of 64 corneas of 64 healthy subjects were examined by a specular microscope and the endothelial parameters were compared. The dialyzed group (enhanced level of toxins in the blood) was further analyzed to assess the influence of blood urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus including the duration of dialysis on corneal endothelium.


RESULTS
On comparing the 3 groups using analysis of variance and posthoc tests, a significant difference was found in the central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell density (CD) between the control (CCT: 506 ± 29 μm, CD: 2760 ± 304 cells/mm) and dialyzed groups (CCT: 549 ± 30 μm, CD: 2337 ± 324 cells/mm) [P < 0.001 (CCT); P < 0.001 (CD)]; control and nondialyzed groups (CCT: 524 ± 27 μm, CD: 2574 ± 260 cells/mm) [P = 0.023 (CCT); P = 0.016 (CD)]; and dialyzed and nondialyzed groups [P = 0.002 (CCT); P = 0.007 (CD)]. Using the linear generalized model, a significant correlation was found between the endothelial parameters and blood urea only [P = 0.006 (CCT), 0.002 (coefficient of variation), 0.022 (CD), and 0.026 (percentage of hexagonality)], although the correlation was poorly positive for CCT but poorly negative for the remaining endothelial parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Corneal endothelial alteration is present in patients with chronic renal failure, more marked in patients undergoing hemodialysis and with raised blood urea level.
Anaerobic digestion and co-digestion processes of vegetable and fruit residues: process and microbial ecology.

This study evaluated the feasibility of methane production from fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) obtained from the central food distribution market in Mexico City using an anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Batch systems showed that pH control and nitrogen addition had significant effects on biogas production, methane yield, and volatile solids (VS) removal from the FVW (0.42 m(biogas)(3)/kg VS, 50%, and 80%, respectively). Co-digestion of the FVW with meat residues (MR) enhanced the process performance and was also evaluated in a 30 L AD system. When the system reached stable operation, its methane yield was 0.25 (m(3)/kg TS), and the removal of the organic matter measured as the total chemical demand (tCOD) was 65%. The microbial population (general Bacteria and Archaea) in the 30 L system was also determined and characterized and was closely correlated with its potential function in the AD system.
Free-Climbing with a Multi-Use Robot

This paper presents a new four-limbed robot, LEMUR IIb (Legged Excursion Mechanical Utility Rover), that can free-climb vertical rock surfaces. This robot was designed to have a number of capabilities in addition to climbing (e.g., assembly, inspection, maintenance, transport, intervention) and to be able to traverse a variety of other types of terrain (e.g., roads, talus, dirt, urban rubble). To maximize its flexibility in this regard, LEMUR IIb will need to exploit sophisticated control, planning, and sensing techniques in order to climb, rather than rely on specific hardware modifications. In particular, this paper describes a new algorithm for planning safe one-step climbing moves, which has already enabled LEMUR IIb to climb an indoor, near-vertical surface with small, arbitrarily distributed, natural features. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a multi-use, multi-limbed robot climbing such terrain using only friction at contact points (i.e., free-climbing).
Modeling and managing ETL processes

Extraction-Transformation-Loading (ETL) tools are pieces of software responsible for the extraction of data from several sources, their cleansing, customization and insertion into a data warehouse. The design, development and deployment of ETL processes, which is currently, performed in an ad-hoc, in house fashion, needs modeling, design and methodological foundations. Unfortunately, the research community has a lot of work to do to confront this shortcoming. Our research explores a coherent framework for the conceptual, the logical, and the physical design of ETL processes. We delve into the modeling of ETL activities and provide a conceptual and a logical abstraction for the representation of these processes. Moreover, we focus on the optimization of the ETL processes, in order to minimize the execution time of an ETL process.
A Multi-band CMOS Low Noise Amplifier for Multi-standard Wireless Receivers

A novel multi-band low noise amplifier (LNA) that allows simultaneous reception of signals from several wireless standards is designed and implemented using a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The circuit topology consists of a 3-stage wideband LNA and 2 notch filters. The designed LNA can provide concurrent three bands over 0.935~5.825 GHz with measured gain (S21) of 15~24 dB, input reflection ratio (S11) of -35~-7 dB, noise figure (NF) of 4.4~4.78 dB, and 3rd order input intercept point (IIP3) of -15.3~-12.4dBm respectively. In addition, a minimum 8 dB of inter-band gain suppression is achieved. This work has achieved a better figure of merit (FOM) than other related works, in terms of gain, noise figure and power consumption trade-offs.
Validation of Self-Reported Health Literacy Questions Among Diverse English and Spanish-Speaking Populations

Limited health literacy (HL) contributes to poor health outcomes and disparities, and direct measurement is often time-intensive. Self-reported HL questions have not been validated among Spanish-speaking and diverse English-speaking populations. To evaluate three self-reported questions:1 “How confident are you filling out medical forms?”;2 “How often do you have problems learning about your medical condition because of difficulty understanding written information?”; and3 “How often do you have someone help you read hospital materials?” Answers were based on a 5-point Likert scale. This was a validation study nested within a trial of diabetes self-management support in the San Francisco Department of Public Health. English and Spanish-speaking adults with type 2 diabetes receiving primary care. Using the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFHLA) in English and Spanish as the reference, we classified HL as inadequate, marginal, or adequate. We calculated the C-index and test characteristics of the three questions and summative scale compared to the s-TOFHLA and assessed variations in performance by language, race/ethnicity, age, and education. Of 296 participants, 48% were Spanish-speaking; 9% were White, non-Hispanic; 47% had inadequate HL and 12% had marginal HL. Overall, 57% reported being confident with forms “somewhat” or less. The “confident with forms” question performed best for detecting inadequate (C-index = 0.82, (0.77-0.87)) and inadequate plus marginal HL (C index = 0.81, (0.76-0.86); p < 0.01 for differences from other questions), and performed comparably to the summative scale. The “confident with forms” question and scale also performed best across language, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age. A single self-reported HL question about confidence with forms and a summative scale of three questions discriminated between Spanish and English speakers with adequate HL and those with inadequate and/or inadequate plus marginal HL. The “confident with forms” question or the summative scale may be useful for estimating HL in clinical research involving Spanish-speaking and English-speaking, chronically-ill, diverse populations.
An open-source toolbox for multiphase flow in porous media

Multiphase flow in porous media provides a wide range of applications: from the environmental understanding (aquifer, site-pollution) to industrial process improvements (oil production, waste management). Modeling of such flows involves specific volume-averaged equations and therefore specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. In this work, we develop a toolbox for modeling multiphase flow in porousmedia with OpenFOAM R , an open-source platform for CFD. The underlying idea of this approach is to provide an easily adaptable tool that can be used in further studies to test newmathematical models or numerical methods. The package provides themost common effective propertiesmodels of the literature (relative permeability, capillary pressure) and specific boundary conditions related to porous media flows. To validate this package, solvers based on the IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) method are developed in the toolbox. The numerical validation is performed by comparison with analytical solutions on academic cases. Then, a satisfactory parallel efficiency of the solver is shown on a more complex configuration. Program summary Program title: porousMultiphaseFoam Catalogue identifier: AEUR_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEUR_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 36355 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1106569 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++. Computer: Any x86. Operating system: Generic Linux. Classification: 12. External routines: OpenFOAM R © (version 2.0 and superior) Nature of problem: This software solves multiphase flow in porous media. Solution method: The numerical approach is based on the finite-volume method (FVM). Mass conservation equations for each fluid phase are reformulated into a pressure–saturation system. The generalized Darcy’s law is used to compute phase velocities in the porous medium. The pressure–saturation is solved using a segregated method based on the IMPES method. Parallel computing can be performed using the standard domain decomposition method of OpenFOAM R . Running time: The Buckley–Leverett examples provided only take a few seconds to run.
Microstructure and spectral selectivity of Mo–Al2O3 solar selective absorbing coatings after annealing

Abstract Mo, Al 2 O 3 single layer, Mo–Al 2 O 3 granular cermet layer, Mo/Al 2 O 3 tandem and an optimized Mo–Al 2 O 3 multilayer coating with a double cermet layer configuration were deposited on stainless steel substrates by magnetron sputtering technique. The samples were annealed in vacuum at different temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 1000 °C for 2–5 h to evaluate their thermal stability. The spectral absorbance and thermal emissivity for the multi-layer selective coatings in the region of 1.3–25 μm were 0.91–0.93 and 0.19–0.27, respectively, depending on heat treatment temperature. Increasing annealing temperature has more obvious influence on the rise of emissivity than the drop of spectral absorbance. The microstructure, surface morphology, composition distribution and diffusion for various films before and after high temperature aging were investigated employing scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fe 2 O 3 , as a diffusion barrier between Mo layer and SS substrate, effectively holds back the presence of Mo 2 C and Fe 2 MoC complex phases. Al 2 O 3 is a stable phase even at 1000 °C for 3 h. However, defects such as widened boundaries, cracks and holes, which could appear in Al 2 O 3 layer when heated at higher temperature than 650 °C, will provide the paths of Mo diffusion. Two diffusion modes of Mo, including inner self-congregation of Mo inside the cermet layer and Mo infiltration through the Al 2 O 3 layer in Mo/Al 2 O 3 tandem at 800 °C for 5 h, were observed after annealing.
DC-assisted rapid wetting of 3Y-PSZ by molten 72Ag–28Cu and its application in joining

Abstract The effects of current polarity, temperature and current intensity on the wettability of 3 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (3Y-PSZ) by molten 72Ag–28Cu were investigated using a direct current (DC)-coupled sessile drop method. The wettability was significantly improved with the assistance of a DC, especially when 3Y-PSZ was connected to anode. Noticeably, the contact angle rapidly decreased from 143° to smaller than 20° when the current intensity was larger than +10 mA. The wettability also showed abnormal dependence on temperature, presumably due to the competition between nucleation and growth of the m (AgCu 4 Zr) phase at the interface. The mechanisms for the significant improvement in the wettability under the DC application were ascribed to the formation of substoichiometric ZrO 2- δ , the release and adsorption of metallic Zr, and the formation of wettable m (AgCu 4 Zr) phase at the interface. The DC-assisted wetting provides a new strategy for the rapid and robust joining of 3Y-PSZ to metals.
Programming by optimization

Avoid premature commitment, seek design alternatives, and automatically generate performance-optimized software.
On The Mathematical Foundations Of Theoretical Statistics

On the Mathematical Foundations of Theoretical Statistics. Author(s): R. A. Fisher. Source: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A Solutions to Exercises. 325. Bibliography. 347. Index Discrete mathematics is an essential part of the foundations of (theoretical) computer science, statistics . 2) Statistical Methods by S.P.Gupta. 3) Mathematical Statistics by Saxena & Kapoor. 4) Statistics by Sancheti & Kapoor. 5) Introduction to Mathematical Statistics Fundamentals of Mathematical statistics by Guptha, S.C &Kapoor, V.K (Sulthan chand. &sons). 2. Introduction to Mathematical statistics by Hogg.R.V and and .
Internal friction and Young’s modulus of V–Ti–Cr alloy before, during and after proton irradiation

Abstract Using a composite oscillator, the Young’s modulus and the internal friction of annealed, plastically bent and bent–straightened V–4Ti–4Cr alloy specimens have been measured, in a wide amplitude range, before, during and after proton irradiation. The proton energy and flux were 8 MeV and 10 12 p cm −2  s −1 . The in situ dependencies on the proton beam current and temperature have been obtained. Softening and overheating (which looks like softening–strenghtening of the alloy) effects, which arise due to radiation damage, have been revealed. The influence of beam heating and defect accumulation–annihilation on the acoustic properties of the annealed and pre-strained samples, during and after proton irradiation, are briefly discussed.
Developing an extended technology acceptance model: Doctor's acceptance of electronic medical records in Jordan

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to construct doctors’ acceptance model of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in private hospitals. The model extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with two factors of Individual Capabilities; Self-Efficacy (SE) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC). The initial findings proposes additional factors over the original factors in TAM making Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease Of Use (PEOU), Behavioral Intention to use (BI), SE, and PBC working in incorporation. A cross-sectional survey was used in which data were gathered by a personal administered questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Doctors of public hospitals were involved in this study which proves that all factors are reliable.