LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Deep learning bank distress from news and numerical financial data

In this paper we focus our attention on the exploitation of the information contained in financial news to enhance the performance of a classifier of bank distress. Such information should be analyzed and inserted into the predictive model in the most efficient way and this task deals with the issues related to text analysis and specifically to the analysis of news media. Among the different models proposed for such purpose, we investigate one of the possible deep learning approaches, based on a doc2vec representation of the textual data, a kind of neural network able to map the sequence of words contained within a text onto a reduced latent semantic space. Afterwards, a second supervised neural network is trained combining news data with standard financial figures to classify banks whether in distressed or tranquil states, based on a small set of known distress events. Then the final aim is not only the improvement of the predictive performance of the classifier but also to assess the importance of news data in the classification process. Does news data really bring more useful information not contained in standard financial variables? Our results seem to confirm such hypothesis. JEL classification: C12, C83, E58, E61,G14, G21.
Effect of 1000 ppm relative to 250 ppm fluoride toothpaste. A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE
To estimate the overall effect of 1000 ppm F relative to 250 ppm F toothpaste.


METHODS
Experimental caries increment studies from the dental literature, which compared 1000 ppm with 250 ppm fluoride toothpastes, were summarized using meta-analytic methods.


RESULTS
The overall caries reduction of 1000 ppm F relative to 250 ppm F paste was estimated to be 0.142 (95%-CL: 0.074-0.210) when applying a fixed effects model and 0.129 (95%-CL: 0.012-0.230) when applying a random effects model.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The present analysis found slightly lower caries increments (14%, 13%) in children using 1000 ppm F toothpastes compared to children using 250 ppm F pastes. On the other hand, the use of 1000 ppm F pastes is associated with dental fluorosis. Considering these effects it seems justifiable to the authors to keep the use of 250 ppm F pastes for preschool children in Switzerland.
A Comparison of learning algorithms on the Arcade Learning Environment

Reinforcement learning agents have traditionally been evaluated on small toy problems. With advances in computing power and the advent of the Arcade Learning Environment, it is now possible to evaluate algorithms on diverse and difficult problems within a consistent framework. We discuss some challenges posed by the arcade learning environment which do not manifest in simpler environments. We then provide a comparison of model-free, linear learning algorithms on this challenging problem set.
Pedigree analysis and haplotype sharing within diverse groups of Zea mays L. inbreds

The objectives of this study were the examination of genetic similarities in a diverse group of maize inbreds and an investigation of the incidence of shared haplotypes within closely related groups. Size polymorphisms from 218 mapped simple-sequence repeats (SSR) for 57 entries were detected with the ABI377 Prism system and scored with Genotyper software. The standard error for the estimated size of identical PCR products was 0.13 base pairs. Size estimates were used to examine genetic relationships among the Iodent, flint, corn belt dent, sweet corn and popcorn groups in Zea mays L. inbreds. Cluster analysis of SSR distance data from 57 entries showed similarity between the European flints (F2, F7 and EP1), CO109 and the su1 sweet corns developed in the United States. The inbred F64 from Argentina was distinct from all other entries. Close examination of two sources of B37 revealed that the Purdue University version of B37 contains a set of alleles characteristic of B73. Five groups (Iodents, European flints, the B73 group of corn belt dents, su1 sweet corn, popcorn) show persistent within-group haplotypes.
Signaling sarcasm: From hyperbole to hashtag

To avoid a sarcastic message being understood in its unintended literal meaning, in microtexts such as messages on Twitter.com sarcasm is often explicitly marked with a hashtag such as ‘#sarcasm’. We collected a training corpus of about 406 thousand Dutch tweets with hashtag synonyms denoting sarcasm. Assuming that the human labeling is correct (annotation of a sample indicates that about 90% of these tweets are indeed sarcastic), we train a machine learning classifier on the harvested examples, and apply it to a sample of a day’s stream of 2.25 million Dutch tweets. Of the 353 explicitly marked tweets on this day, we detect 309 (87%) with the hashtag removed. We annotate the top of the ranked list of tweets most likely to be sarcastic that do not have the explicit hashtag. 35% of the top250 ranked tweets are indeed sarcastic. Analysis indicates that the use of hashtags reduces the further use of linguistic markers for signaling sarcasm, such as exclamations and intensifiers. We hypothesize that explicit markers such as hashtags are the digital extralinguistic equivalent of non-verbal expressions that people employ in live interaction when conveying sarcasm. Checking the consistency of our finding in a language from another language family, we observe that in French the hashtag ‘#sarcasme’ has a similar polarity switching function, be it to a lesser extent. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A randomized, double-blind, parallel, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramosetron plus dexamethasone injection for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ramosetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.


METHODS
Cancer patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy containing either of the four drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin or oxaliplatin) were enrolled. They were randomized to receive intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg or granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg 30 min before chemotherapy on day 1. The primary efficacy parameter is complete response rate, which was defined by the proportion of patients without vomiting and no requirement for rescue drugs within 24 h after chemotherapy.


RESULTS
A total of 285 patients were enrolled. The primary efficacy analysis included 274 patients. The complete response rate was 77.37% in the ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg group (137 patients) and 81.75% in the granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg group (137 patients) with a difference of -4.38% (95% confidence interval: -14.64, 5.89). Therefore, non-inferiority of ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg to granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg was demonstrated with non-inferiority margin -15%. For patients treated with cisplatin, non-inferiority of ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg to granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg could not be demonstrated. Only a few patients required rescue medications, 7.3% in the ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg group and 5.1% in the granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg group (P = 0.44). All 285 patients were included for safety analysis; 36.11% (52/144) and 23.40% (33/141) experienced at least one adverse event within 24 h in the ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg and granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg groups, respectively. Four ramosetron-related adverse events among 144 patients were observed including two moderate elevation of liver enzymes and one each of mild hiccup and moderate skin rash.


CONCLUSIONS
The combination of ramosetron plus dexamethasone was an effective treatment to prevent acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Prospects and limitations of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder which can lead to severe complications and affect all vital organs. The occurrence of complications due to diabetes can be prevented by regular monitoring and maintaining the blood glucose level in the normal range. Most of the commercially available devices for glucose measurement are invasive or minimally invasive. Invasive devices used for blood glucose monitoring are inconvenient and painful whereas minimal invasive devices have limited time span and stability. Thus, there is a need of an economic, compact, painless and convenient non-invasive device which can promote lood glucose monitoring ear-infrared spectroscopy on-invasive glucose monitoring frequent blood testing which help in control of blood glucose level. In this paper various methods of glucose monitoring are reviewed and overall emphasis is laid on the development of NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) based non-invasive glucose monitoring. The motivation of this review is to demonstrate the prospects, limitations and technical challenges for development of NIRS based non-invasive blood glucose measurement system. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A low-cost ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement system

The paper deals with a low-cost transducer that implements an improved technique for wind speed measurement in open air. The instrument is a 2-axis ultrasonic anemometer, capable of monitoring both wind speed and direction. Its main advantage is that using the ultrasonic technique it has no moving parts, allowing for the utilization in a variety of applications requiring low maintenance and fast response to rapid wind gusts. Wind speed measurement for power turbine control can be considered as a reference application of it. The proposed instrument presents a simple design and is constructed using commercially available components, to reduce development costs. In the paper the proposed architecture is presented, discussing the algorithm applied to process the transduced ultrasonic signals. Some results obtained during the first tests are also presented and discussed, suggesting for successive improvements.
Towards enumeration of crystalline frameworks: the 2D hyperbolic approach

Crystalline frameworks in 3D Euclidean space can be constructed by projecting tilings of 2D hyperbolic space onto three-periodic minimal surfaces, giving surface reticulations. The technique involves Delaney–Dress tiling theory, group theory, differential and non-Euclidean geometry. Preliminary results of this approach, found at http://epinet.anu.edu.au, are discussed and compared with other approaches. Crown Copyright  2006 Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.50.Ah; 89.75.Hc; 02.20.-a; 02.40.-k
A Framework for Video-Driven Crowd Synthesis

We present a framework for video-driven crowd synthesis. Motion vectors extracted from input crowd video are processed to compute global motion paths. These paths encode the dominant motions observed in the input video. These paths are then fed into a behavior-based crowd simulation framework, which is responsible for synthesizing crowd animations that respect the motion patterns observed in the video. Our system synthesizes 3D virtual crowds by animating virtual humans along the trajectories returned by the crowd simulation framework. We also propose a new metric for comparing the “visual similarity” between the synthesized crowd and exemplar crowd. We demonstrate the proposed approach on crowd videos collected under different settings. Keywords-crowd analysis; crowd sysnthesis; motion analysis
A randomized, pilot trial to evaluate glomerular filtration rate by creatinine or cystatin C in naive HIV-infected patients after tenofovir/emtricitabine in combination with atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz.

BACKGROUND
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on creatinine or cystatine C may be more accurate methods especially in patients without chronic kidney disease. There is lack of data on GFR estimated by these methods in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.


METHODS
Antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients were randomized to tenofovir/emtricitabine in association with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV) Patients had to have an actual creatinine clearance >50 mL/minute (24-hour urine collection) and were followed for 48 weeks.


RESULTS
Ninety-one patients (48 ATV/r, 43 EFV) were recruited. Using the CKD-EPI creatinine formula, there was a significant decrease in GFR up to week 48 in patients receiving ATV/r (4.9 mL/minute/m(2), P = 0.02) compared with a not statistically significant increment in patients prescribed EFV. Using the cystatin C-based equation, we found greater decrease in GFR in both arms, although, in the EFV arm, the decrease was not statistically significant (5.8 mL/minute/m(2), P = 0.92). At multivariable analysis, ATV/r was a significant predictor of greater decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.0046) only with CKD-EPI creatinine.


CONCLUSIONS
ATV/r plus tenofovir caused greater GFR decreases compared with EFV. The evaluation of eGFR by cystatin C confirmed this result, but this method seemed to be more stringent, probably precluding the possibility to detect a significant difference in the pattern of eGFR evolution between the two arms over time. More studies are needed to understand the clinical relevance of these alterations and whether cystatin C is a more appropriate method for monitoring GFR in clinical practice.
of Surface Electromyogram Signals : Its Analysis and Applications

Electromyography (EMG) is the study of muscles function through analysis of electrical activity produced from muscles. This electrical activity which is displayed in the form of signal is the result of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most common techniques of EMG signal recording are by using surface and needle/wire electrode where the latter is usually used for interest in deep muscle. This paper will focus on surface electromyogram (SEMG) signal. During SEMG recording, several problems had to been countered such as noise, motion artifact and signal instability. Thus, various signal processing techniques had been implemented to produce a reliable signal for analysis. SEMG signal finds broad application particularly in biomedical field. It had been analyzed and studied for various interests such as neuromuscular disease, enhancement of muscular function and human-computer interface. Keywords—Evolvable hardware (EHW), Functional Electrical Simulation (FES), Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Hjorth Time Domain (HTD).
Cooperation under the Shadow of the Future : Experimental Evidence from Infinitely Repeated Games

While there is an extensive literature on the theory of infinitely repeated games, empirical evidence on how “the shadow of the future” affects behavior is scarce and inconclusive. I simulate infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma games in the lab with a random continuation rule. The experimental design represents an improvement over the existing literature by including sessions with finite repeated games as controls and a large number of players per session (which allows for learning without contagion effects). I find that the shadow of the future matters not only by significantly reducing opportunistic behavior, but also because its impact closely follows theoretical predictions. (JEL C72, C73, C91, C92)
Regulation of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 expression in human macrophages: Differential regulation by key cytokines implicated in atherosclerosis and novel synergism between TL1A and IL-17☆

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the vasculature regulated by cytokines. Macrophages play a crucial role at all stages of this disease, including regulation of foam cell formation, the inflammatory response and stability of atherosclerotic plaques. For example, matrix metalloproteinases produced by macrophages play an important role in modulating plaque stability. More recently, the ADAMTS proteases, which are known to play a key role in the control of cartilage degradation during arthritis, have been found to be expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and suggested to have potentially important functions in the control of plaque stability. Unfortunately, the action of cytokines on the expression of ADAMTS family in macrophages is poorly understood. We have investigated the effect of classical cytokines (IFN-γ and TGF-β) and those that have been recently identified (TL1A and IL-17) on the expression of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 in human macrophages. The expression of all three ADAMTS members was induced during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. TGF-β had a differential action with induction of ADAMTS-1 and -5 expression and attenuation in the levels of ADAMTS-4. In contrast, IFN-γ suppressed the expression of ADAMTS-1 without having an effect on ADAMTS-4 and -5. Although TL-1A or IL-17A alone had little effect on the expression of all the members, they induced their expression synergistically when present together. These studies provide new insight into the regulation of key ADAMTS family members in human macrophages by major cytokines in relation to atherosclerosis.
Association between prehospital delay and subsequent clinical course in patients with/hospitalized for heart failure.

BACKGROUND
The clinical consequences of prehospital delay in heart failure (HF) patients are unknown. This study explores the relationship between prehospital delay of HF patients and length of hospital stay, plasma values of brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) as well as the association of delay with all-cause mortality, readmission for HF, or all-cause readmissions during short- (60 days) and long-term (18 months) follow-up.


METHODS
Data from 1023 hospitalized HF patients mean aged 71 years from the Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counselling in HF study were analyzed.


RESULTS
Patients who delayed less than 1 day had significantly shorter stay in hospital (10 days vs. 11 days, P = 0.033). They also had significantly (P = 0.004) lower median plasma values of BNP (377 pg/mL) at discharge compared to patients who delayed >24 hours (492 pg/mL). Delay was not related to all-cause mortality and/or readmissions for HF.


CONCLUSION
Although patients with a prehospital delay less than 1 day were more symptomatic on admission, they had a shorter hospital stay as well as lower plasma values of BNP at discharge. Delay was not associated hospital readmissions or mortality after discharge.
General relativity limit of the scalar-tensor theories for traceless matter field

$\omega(\phi) \to \infty$ limit of scalar tensor theories are studied for traceless matter source. It is shown that the limit $\omega(\phi) \to \infty$ does not reduce a scalar tensor theory to general relativity. 
An exact radiation solution of scalar tensor cosmology under Nordtvedt conditions is obtained for flat Friedmann universe.
Near-field scanning fluorescence microscopy study of ion channel clusters in cardiac myocyte membranes.

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has been used to study the nanoscale distribution of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ ion channels, which play an important role in cardiac function. NSOM fluorescence imaging of immunostained cardiac myocytes (H9C2 cells) demonstrates that the ion channel is localized in small clusters with an average diameter of 100 nm. The clusters are randomly distributed throughout the cell membrane, with some larger fluorescent patches that high-resolution images show to consist of many small closely-spaced clusters. We have imaged unstained cells to assess the contribution of topography-induced artifacts and find that the topography-induced signal is <10% of the NSOM fluorescence intensity. We have also examined the dependence of the NSOM signal intensity on the tip-sample separation to assess the contributions from fluorophores that are significantly below the cell surface. This indicates that chromophores > approximately 200 nm below the probe will have negligible contributions to the observed signal. The ability to quantitatively measure small clusters of ion channels will facilitate future studies that examine changes in protein localization in stimulated cells and during cardiac development. Our work illustrates the potential of NSOM for studying membrane domains and protein localization/colocalization on a length scale which exceeds that available with optical microscopy.
Combination therapeutics in complex diseases

The biological redundancies in molecular networks of complex diseases limit the efficacy of many single drug therapies. Combination therapeutics, as a common therapeutic method, involve pharmacological intervention using several drugs that interact with multiple targets in the molecular networks of diseases and may achieve better efficacy and/or less toxicity than monotherapy in practice. The development of combination therapeutics is complicated by several critical issues, including identifying multiple targets, targeting strategies and the drug combination. This review summarizes the current achievements in combination therapeutics, with a particular emphasis on the efforts to develop combination therapeutics for complex diseases.
Juvenile Probation Professionals ’ Perceptions of Community-Based Probation Strategies

Recent budget restraints and heightened concerns for juvenile offenders’ safety and well-being have compelled juvenile justice policymakers and practitioners to implement community-based approaches for reducing juvenile recidivism. This paper explores whether individual, organizational, and attitudinal factors influence juvenile probation professionals’ perceptions of the community-based probation (CBP) model, a supervision strategy that emphasizes establishing community partnerships to rehabilitate youths. Seventy-one juvenile probation professionals working in probation agencies across Texas completed questionnaires asking them about their perceptions of CBP and its impact on current juvenile offending trends. Results of regression analyses revealed that rehabilitation-oriented juvenile probation professionals were more likely to attribute current decreases in juvenile offending to CBP and more likely to believe that CBP does not endanger public safety. Interestingly, the age of juvenile probation professionals was correlated with an increased probability that professionals believed that CBP poses no threat to public safety. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for supervision strategies and directions for future research.