LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Along-Wind Load Effects on Tall Buildings : Comparative Study of Major International Codes and Standards

Most international codes and standards provide guidelines and procedures for assessing the along-wind effec structures. Despite their common use of the ‘‘gust loading factor’’ ~GLF! approach, sizeable scatter exists among the wind eff predicted by the various codes and standards under similar flow conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment o of this scatter through a comparison of the along-wind loads and their effects on tall buildings recommended by major internation and standards. ASCE 7-98 ~United States !, AS1170.2-89~Australia!, NBC-1995~Canada!, RLB-AIJ-1993 ~Japan!, and Eurocode-1993 ~Europe! are examined in this study. The comparisons consider the definition of wind characteristics, mean wind loads, GLF, eq static wind loads, and attendant wind load effects. It is noted that the scatter in the predicted wind loads and their effects arises from the variations in the definition of wind field characteristics in the respective codes and standards. A detailed example is pre illustrate the overall comparison and to highlight the main findings of this paper. DOI: 10.1061/ ~ASCE!0733-9445~2002!128:6~788! CE Database keywords: Buildings, highrise; Building codes; Wind loads; Dynamics; Wind velocity.
Preparation and magnetic properties of nano size nickel ferrite particles using hydrothermal method

BACKGROUND
Nickel ferrite, a kind of soft magnetic materials is one of the most attracting class of materials due to its interesting and important properties and has many technical applications, such as in catalysis, sensors and so on. In this paper the synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles by the hydrothermal method is reported and the inhibition of surfactant (Glycerol or Sodium dodecyl sulfate) on the particles growth is investigated.


METHODS
For investigation of the inhibition effect of surfactant on NiFe2O4 particles growth, the samples were prepared in presence of Glycerol and Sodium dodecyl sulfate. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) techniques were used to characterize the samples.


RESULTS
The results of XRD and ICP-AES show that the products were pure NiFe2O4 and also nanoparticles grow with increasing the temperature, while surfactant prevents the particle growth under the same condition. The average particle size was determined from the Scherrer's equation and TEM micrographs and found to be in the range of 50-60 nm that decreased up to 10-15 nm in presence of surfactant. The FT-IR results show two absorption bands near to 603 and 490 cm-1 for the tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively. Furthermore, the saturated magnetization and coercivity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were in the range of 39.60 emu/g and 15.67 Qe that decreased for samples prepared in presence of surfactant. As well as, the nanoparticles exhibited a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature.


CONCLUSIONS
Nanosized nickel ferrite particles were synthesized with and without surfactant assisted hydrothermal methods. The results show that with increasing of temperature, the crystallinity of nanoparticles is increased. In the presence of surfactants, the crystallinity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles decreased in comparison with surfactant- free prepared samples. All of the nickel ferrite nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. GRAPHICAL
Regional rainfall and flood frequency analysis for Sicily using the two component extreme value distribution

This paper first presents a duration-dependent hypothesis regarding the parameters of the two component extreme value (TCEV) distribution and proposes a simple model to obtain the rainfall depthduration relationship both at ungauged sites and at short record gauged sites in the Sicilian region. Then, by using the annual maximum peak flood and the annual maximum mean daily discharge recorded in Sicily, a TCEV hierarchical regional procedure is developed. An empirical estimation criterion which links the mean annual flood with the watershed area, and a modified rational formula in which a mean runoff coefficient is introduced, are proposed. Finally, two relationships are established for estimating the mean runoff coefficient, making use of the permeable watershed area and the wooded area. Analyse régionales des pluies et des crues en Sicile grâce à la loi des valeurs extrêmes à deux composantes Résumé Ayant admis l'hypothèse d'une dépendance des paramètres de la loi des valeurs extrêmes à deux composantes à la durée considérée, les auteurs proposent un modèle simple permettant d'établir une relation hauteur-durée aussi bien dans les zones dépourvues de stations pluviométriques que dans celles qui en sont pourvues mais qui ne disposent que de brèves séries d'observations. Ensuite, utilisant les chroniques des maximums des débits de pointe annuels et des maximums des débits moyens journaliers, ils appliquent la loi des valeurs extrêmes à deux composantes à l'échelle régionale. Un critère empirique d'estimation reliant la crue moyenne annuelle et l'aire du bassin est alors proposé, ainsi qu'une formule rationnelle, modifiée par l'introduction d'un coefficient de débit moyen. Les auteurs présentent enfin deux relations prenant en compte la surface perméable et de la couverture forestière du bassin afin d'estimer le coefficient moyen de débit. Open for discussion until I August 1995 20 M. Cannarozzo et al.
The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging in osteoid osteoma

Abstract Objective. To analyse the MR imaging appearances of a large series of osteoid osteomas, to assess the ability of MR imaging to detect the tumour, and to identify potential reasons for misdiagnosis. Design and patients. The MR imaging findings of 43 patients with osteoid osteoma were reviewed retrospectively and then compared with other imaging modalities to assess the accuracy of MR localisation and interpretation. Results. The potential for a missed diagnosis was 35% based solely on the MR investigations. This included six tumours which were not seen and nine which were poorly visualised. The major determinants of the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging were the MR technique, skeletal location, and preliminary radiographic appearances. There was a wide spectrum of MR signal appearances of the lesion. The tumour was identified in 65% of sequences performed in the axial plane. The nidus was present in only one slice of the optimal sequence in 27 patients. Reactive bone changes were present in 33 and soft tissue changes in 37 patients. Conclusion. Reliance on MR imaging alone may lead to misdiagnosis. As the osteoid osteoma may be difficult to identify and the MR features easily misinterpreted, optimisation of MR technique is crucial in reducing the risk of missing the diagnosis. Unexplained areas of bone marrow oedema in particular require further imaging (scintigraphy and CT) to exclude an osteoid osteoma.
Exploring connections among nature , biodiversity , ecosystem services , and human health and well-being : Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation

We are at a key juncture in history where biodiversity loss is occurring daily and accelerating in the face of population growth, climate change, and rampant development. Simultaneously, we are just beginning to appreciate the wealth of human health benefits that stem from experiencing nature and biodiversity. Here we assessed the state of knowledge on relationships between human health and nature and biodiversity, and prepared a comprehensive listing of reported health effects. We found strong evidence linking biodiversity with production of ecosystem services and between nature exposure and human health, but many of these studies were limited in rigor and often only correlative. Much less information is available to link biodiversity and health. However, some robust studies indicate that exposure to microbial biodiversity can improve health, specifically in reducing certain allergic and respiratory diseases. Overall, much more research is needed on mechanisms of causation. Also needed are a reenvisioning of land-use planning that places human well-being at the center and a new coalition of ecologists, health and social scientists and planners to conduct research and develop policies that promote human interaction with nature and biodiversity. Improvements in these areas should enhance human health and ecosystem, community, as well as human resilience. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
A fast MoM calculation technique using sinusoidal basis and testing functions for a wire on a dielectric substrate and its application to meander loop and grid array antennas

The input impedance matrix element of the method of moments (MoM) for an arbitrarily shaped wire antenna printed on a dielectric material Z/sub m,n/ is formulated to be composed of three terms Z/sup /spl psi/s//sub m,n/, Z/sup /spl psi///sub m,n/, and /spl Delta/Z/sub m,n/ involving single-, double-, and triple-integral calculations, respectively. The MoM based on the Z/sub m,n/ formulated in this paper (new MoM) is applied to two antennas-a meander loop antenna and a grid array antenna-as well as a simple loop used as a reference antenna. The computation time to obtain the current distribution of each antenna by the new MoM technique is compared with the time required for the conventional MoM, which has an impedance matrix element composed of four terms, all involving triple-integral calculations. It is revealed that the new MoM drastically reduces the computation time: for example, by a factor of 937 for the grid array antenna. In addition, the radiation characteristics of these two antennas are discussed. It is found that a reduced-size meander loop (62% smaller than the simple loop reference) has a radiation pattern similar to the simple loop reference. It is also found that the grid array has an axial beam radiation pattern without side lobes in the principal planes.
Learning Algorithms for Active Learning

We introduce a model that learns active learning algorithms via metalearning. For a distribution of related tasks, our model jointly learns: a data representation, an item selection heuristic, and a prediction function. Our model uses the item selection heuristic to construct a labeled support set for training the prediction function. Using the Omniglot and MovieLens datasets, we test our model in synthetic and practical settings.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ( Fish Oil ) Supplementation and the Prevention of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation. 2017;135:e867–e884. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000482 April 11, 2017 e867 ABSTRACT: Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effects of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, commonly called fish oils) on the occurrence of clinical cardiovascular diseases. Although the effects of supplementation for the primary prevention of clinical cardiovascular events in the general population have not been examined, RCTs have assessed the role of supplementation in secondary prevention among patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, and those with prevalent coronary heart disease. In this scientific advisory, we take a clinical approach and focus on common indications for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements related to the prevention of clinical cardiovascular events. We limited the scope of our review to large RCTs of supplementation with major clinical cardiovascular disease end points; meta-analyses were considered secondarily. We discuss the features of available RCTs and provide the rationale for our recommendations. We then use existing American Heart Association criteria to assess the strength of the recommendation and the level of evidence. On the basis of our review of the cumulative evidence from RCTs designed to assess the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on clinical cardiovascular events, we update prior recommendations for patients with prevalent coronary heart disease, and we offer recommendations, when data are available, for patients with other clinical indications, including patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes and those with high risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. David S. Siscovick, MD, MPH, FAHA, Chair Thomas A. Barringer, MD, FAHA Amanda M. Fretts, PhD, MPH Jason H.Y. Wu, PhD, MSc, FAHA Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc, FAHA Rebecca B. Costello, PhD, FAHA Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD, FAHA Terry A. Jacobson, MD, FAHA Mary B. Engler, PhD, RN, MS, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA On behalf of the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish Oil) Supplementation and the Prevention of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease
Robust controllers enhanced with design and implementation processes

In this paper, instructional material on the design of robust controllers that applies to introductory graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on control is provided. The main objective is the presentation of key concepts and interpretations that help students learn robust control design. The use of recently developed techniques in robust control such as Hinfin, mu analysis, and synthesis is explored. Emphasis is given to the modeling of the robust control problem with the system requirements described in a unified approach using weighting functions and linear fractional transformations (LFTs). Also, the results of a conventional lead-lag are included to reinforce the concept of robustness. The students should understand the basics of robust control using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and a hardware-in-the-loop experiment with a magnetic levitation system, which is considered a good plant for analysis and control design since it is a nonlinear unstable plant with practical use in high-speed transportation and magnetic bearings. The hardware-in-the-loop experiments are suitable for assessment during the final two semesters of engineering courses and are useful to further develop the students' skills in control engineering. The control algorithms are evaluated in the LabVIEW environment, which introduces the students to industrial platforms
Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems

In this paper, a bibliographical review on reconfigurable (active) fault-tolerant control systems (FTCS) is presented. The existing approaches to fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) in a general framework of active fault-tolerant control systems (AFTCS) are considered and classified according to different criteria such as design methodologies and applications. A comparison of different approaches is briefly carried out. Focuses in the field on the current research are also addressed with emphasis on the practical application of the techniques. In total, 376 references in the open literature, dating back to 1971, are compiled to provide an overall picture of historical, current, and future developments in this area. # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modelling and evaluation of complex scenarios with the Strategy Game Description Language

The Strategy Game Description Game Language (SGDL) is intended to become a complete description of all aspects of strategy games, including rules, parameters, scenarios, maps, and unit types. Our aim is to be able to model a wide variety of strategy games, simple ones as well as complex commercially available titles. In our previous work [1] we introduced the basic concepts of modelling game rules in a tree structure and evaluating them through simulated playthrough. In this paper we present some additions to the language and discuss and compare three methods to evaluate the quality of a set of game rules in two different scenarios. We find that the proposed evaluation measures are complementary, and depend on the artificial agent used.
Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing

This paper proposes an architecture for an open-domain conversational system and evaluates an implemented system. The proposed architecture is fully composed of modules based on natural language processing techniques. Experimental results using human subjects show that our architecture achieves significantly better naturalness than a retrieval-based baseline and that its naturalness is close to that of a rule-based system using 149K hand-crafted rules.
MAINSTREAMING GENDER EQUALITY IN EUROPE. A FRAME ANALYSIS APPROACH

Introduction Since Beijing 1995, gender mainstreaming has heralded the beginning of a renewed effort to address what is seen as one of the roots of gender inequality: the genderedness of systems, procedures and organizations. In the definition of the Council of Europe, gender mainstreaming is the (re)organisation, improvement, development and evaluation of policy processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated in all policies at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policymaking. All member states and some candidate states of the European Union have started to implement gender mainstreaming. The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam places equality between women and men among the explicit tasks of the European Union and obliges the EU to promote gender equality in all its tasks and activities. The Gender Mainstreaming approach that has been legitimated by this Treaty is backed by legislation and by positive action in favour of women (or the “under-represented sex”). Gender equality policies have not only been part and parcel of modernising action in the European Union, but can be expected to continue to be so (Rossili 2000). With regard to gender inequality, the EU has both a formal EU problem definition at the present time, and a formalised set of EU strategies. Problems in the implementation of gender equality policies abound, at both national and EU level. To give just one example, it took the Netherlands – usually very supportive of the EU –14 years to implement article 119 on Equal Pay (Van der Vleuten 2001). Moreover, it has been documented that overall EU action has run counter to its goal of gender equality. Overall EU action has weakened women’s social rights more seriously than men’s (Rossili 2000). The introduction of Gender Mainstreaming, the incorporation of gender and women’s concerns in all regular policymaking is meant to address precisely this problem of a contradiction between specific gender policies and regular EU policies. Yet, in the case of the Structural Funds, for instance, Gender Mainstreaming has been used to further reduce existing funds and incentives for gender equality (Rossili 2000). Against this backdrop, this paper will present an approach at studying divergences in policy frames around gender equality as one of the elements connected to implementation problems: the MAGEEQ project.
Main human factors affecting information system security

In this research relevant areas that are important in Information System Security have been reviewed based on the health care industry of Malaysia. Some concepts such as definition of Information System Security, System Security Goals, System Security Threats and human error have been studied. The Human factors that are effective on Information System Security have been highlighted and also some relevant models have been introduced. Reviewing the pervious factors helped to find out the Health Information System factors. Finally, the effective human factors on Health Information System have been identified and the structure of Healthcare industry has been studied. Moreover, these factors are categorized in three new groups: Organizational Factors, Motivational Factors and Learning. This information will help to design a framework in Health Information System. 1.Introduction With less concern for people and organizational issues, a major part of information systems security strategies are technical in nature. As a consequence, since most information systems security strategies are of importance as they concentrate on technical oriented solutions, for instance checklists, risk analysis and assessment techniques, there is a necessity to investigate other ways of managing information systems security as they tend to disregard the social factors of risks and the informal structures of organizations. This investigation concentrates chiefly on human and organizational factors within the computer and information security system. The impact on security can be drastic if human and organizational factors influence their employment and use, irrespective of the power of technical controls (Bishop, 2002). In this aspect, the juncture for computer and information security vulnerabilities may be set by vulnerable computer and information security protection (e.g., weak passwords or poor usability) and malicious intentions may appear. The results of blemished organizational policies and individual practices whose origins are deeply rooted within early design presumptions or managerial choices causes susceptibilities (Besnard and Arief, 2004). Health Information System (HIS) has been implemented in Malaysia since late 1990s. HIS is an integration of several hospitals' information system to manage administration works, patients and clinical records. Because it is easy to access HIS data through the internet so its vulnerability to misuses, data lost and attacks will increase. Health data is very sensitive, therefore they require high protection and information security must be carefully watched as it plays an important role to protect the data from being stolen or harmed. Despite the vast research in information security, the human factor has been neglected …
Clinical features and radiological findings in large vessel vasculitis: are Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis 2 different diseases or a single entity?

OBJECTIVE
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are 2 major variants of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). The frequent involvement of large vessels in GCA has raised the possibility that TAK and GCA should be regarded as 1 disease. By detailed phenotyping of a single-center cohort, we aimed to define the differences between TAK and GCA.


METHODS
Forty-five patients (23 TAK, 22 GCA) were identified. Baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, treatments, and clinical courses were retrospectively assessed with descriptive statistics. In addition, latent class analysis of the 45 patients was performed to explore phenotypic differences.


RESULTS
Patients with GCA had more frequent headache (p < 0.01), higher C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.01), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates (p = 0.03) than did patients with TAK at diagnosis. With the exception of subdiaphragmatic lesions, the distributions of vessel lesions were not different between TAK and GCA. However, focusing on subclavian and carotid arteries, long tapered-type stenotic lesions were more frequent in GCA than in TAK (p < 0.01). The proportion of patients without relapse was higher in GCA (60%) than in TAK (22%, p = 0.01). Latent class analysis also divided patients with LVV into 2 separate groups consistent with TAK and GCA.


CONCLUSION
The differences observed in clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, radiological findings, and clinical courses suggested that TAK and GCA were 2 different diseases. Latent class analysis supported these results. The shape of stenotic lesions in the subclavian and carotid arteries is a useful discriminator between TAK and GCA.