LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
User Preferences and Design Recommendations for an mHealth App to Promote Cystic Fibrosis Self-Management

BACKGROUND
mHealth apps hold potential to provide automated, tailored support for treatment adherence among individuals with chronic medical conditions. Yet relatively little empirical research has guided app development and end users are infrequently involved in designing the app features or functions that would best suit their needs. Self-management apps may be particularly useful for people with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF) that have complex, demanding regimens.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this mixed-methods study was to involve individuals with CF in guiding the development of engaging, effective, user-friendly adherence promotion apps that meet their preferences and self-management needs.


METHODS
Adults with CF (n=16, aged 21-48 years, 50% male) provided quantitative data via a secure Web survey and qualitative data via semi-structured telephone interviews regarding previous experiences using apps in general and for health, and preferred and unwanted features of potential future apps to support CF self-management.


RESULTS
Participants were smartphone users who reported sending or receiving text messages (93%, 14/15) or emails (80%, 12/15) on their smartphone or device every day, and 87% (13/15) said it would be somewhat or very hard to give up their smartphone. Approximately one-half (53%, 8/15) reported having health apps, all diet/weight-related, yet many reported that existing nutrition apps were not well-suited for CF management. Participants wanted apps to support CF self-management with characteristics such as having multiple rather than single functions (eg, simple alarms), being specific to CF, and minimizing user burden. Common themes for desired CF app features were having information at one's fingertips, automation of disease management activities such as pharmacy refills, integration with smartphones' technological capabilities, enhancing communication with health care team, and facilitating socialization within the CF community. Opinions were mixed regarding gamification and earning rewards or prizes. Participants emphasized the need for customization options to meet individual preferences and disease management goals.


CONCLUSIONS
Unique capabilities of emerging smartphone technologies (eg, social networking integration, movement and location detection, integrated sensors, or electronic monitors) make many of these requests possible. Involving end users in all stages of mHealth app development and collaborating with technology experts and the health care system may result in apps that maintain engagement, improve integration and automation, and ultimately impact self-management and health outcomes.
NLP based congestive heart failure case finding: A prospective analysis on statewide electronic medical records

BACKGROUND
In order to proactively manage congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, an effective CHF case finding algorithm is required to process both structured and unstructured electronic medical records (EMR) to allow complementary and cost-efficient identification of CHF patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We set to identify CHF cases from both EMR codified and natural language processing (NLP) found cases. Using narrative clinical notes from all Maine Health Information Exchange (HIE) patients, the NLP case finding algorithm was retrospectively (July 1, 2012-June 30, 2013) developed with a random subset of HIE associated facilities, and blind-tested with the remaining facilities. The NLP based method was integrated into a live HIE population exploration system and validated prospectively (July 1, 2013-June 30, 2014). Total of 18,295 codified CHF patients were included in Maine HIE. Among the 253,803 subjects without CHF codings, our case finding algorithm prospectively identified 2411 uncodified CHF cases. The positive predictive value (PPV) is 0.914, and 70.1% of these 2411 cases were found to be with CHF histories in the clinical notes.


CONCLUSIONS
A CHF case finding algorithm was developed, tested and prospectively validated. The successful integration of the CHF case findings algorithm into the Maine HIE live system is expected to improve the Maine CHF care.
Contemporary career concepts and their fit for the Arabian Gulf context

Purpose – The contemporary nature of careers has changed significantly in Western societies, yet studies on the nature of this change in different cultures are sparse. The aim of this paper is to explore how career theories and concepts from Western origin fit the Middle East, particularly within the emerging Arabian Gulf economy, putting in context explanatory propositions expanding the Western view of career theory and applying it to the environment of a rapidly changing society. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a conceptual analysis approach. Findings – Owing to demographic changes, and increasing awareness of the societal, economic and political concerns, the country cannot maintain that implicit promise. The old psychological contract has been breached as the country cannot keep offering similar jobs to the growing number of young people entering the labour market. Originality/value – This paper is the first aiming to explain emerging Middle Eastern countries' labour markets in their ...
Secondhand smoke exposure among never-smoking youth in 168 countries.

PURPOSE
To estimate the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among never-smoking adolescents and identify key factors associated with such exposure.


METHODS
Data were obtained from nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 168 countries during 1999-2008. SHS exposure was ascertained in relation to the location-exposure inside home, outside home, and both inside and outside home, respectively. Independent variables included parental and/or peer smoking, knowledge about smoke harm, attitudes toward smoking ban, age, sex, and World Health Organization region. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
Of 356,414 never-smoking adolescents included in the study, 30.4%, 44.2%, and 23.2% were exposed to SHS inside home, outside home, and both, respectively. Parental smoking, peer smoking, knowledge about smoke harm, and positive attitudes toward smoke ban were significantly associated with increased odds of SHS exposure. Approximately 14% of adolescents had both smoking parents and peers. Compared with never-smoking adolescents who did not have both smoking parents and peers, those who had both smoking parents and peers had 19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 19.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.86-21.41), eight (aOR, 7.71; 95% CI, 7.05-8.43), and 23 times (aOR, 23.16; 95% CI, 20.74-25.87) higher odds of exposure to SHS inside, outside, and both inside and outcome home, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Approximately one third and two fifths of never-smoking adolescents were exposed to SHS inside or outside home, and smoking parents and/or peers are the key factors. Study findings highlight the need to develop and implement comprehensive smoke-free policies consistent with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Estimating potential savings in cancer deaths by eliminating regional and social class variation in cancer survival in the Nordic countries.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To examine equity in the health care system with regard to cancer patient care by estimating the level of systematic regional variation in cancer survival in the Nordic countries. Specifically, those cancer sites which exhibit high levels of systematic regional variation in survival and hence inequity were identified. Estimating the reduction in cancer deaths which could be achieved by eliminating this variation so that everyone receives effective care will provide a readily interpretable measure of the amount of systematic regional variation. A comprehensive analysis of regional variation in survival has not previously been conducted so appropriate statistical methodology must be developed.


SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
All those aged 0-90 years who had been diagnosed with at least one of 12 common malignant neoplasms between 1977 and 1992 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.


DESIGN
A separate analysis was conducted for each country. Regression models for the relative survival ratio were used to estimate the relative risk of excess mortality attributable to cancer in each region after correcting for age and sex. An estimate of the amount of systematic regional variation in survival was obtained by subtracting the estimated expected random variation from the observed regional variation. An estimate was then made of the potential reduction in the number of cancer deaths for 2008-12 if regional variation in survival were eliminated so that everyone received the same level of effective care.


MAIN RESULTS
Between 2008 and 2012, an estimated 2.5% of deaths from cancers in the 12 sites studied could be prevented by eliminating regional variation in survival. The percentage of potentially avoidable deaths did not depend on country or sex but it did depend on cancer site. There was no relationship between the level of regional variation in a given country and the level of survival. The cancer sites for which the greatest percentage savings could be achieved were melanoma (11%) and cervix uteri (6%). The sites for which the highest number of deaths could be prevented were prostate, colon, melanoma, and breast.


CONCLUSIONS
This methodology showed a small amount of systematic regional variation in cancer survival in the Nordic countries. The cancer sites with high levels of regional variation identified are potential targets for cancer control programmes.
The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling

An in-depth historical and current review is presented on the science of lithium-ion battery (LIB) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the graphite anode, including structure, morphology, composition, electrochemistry, and formation mechanism. During initial LIB operation, the SEI layer forms on the graphite surfaces, the most common anode material. The SEI is essential to the long-term performance of LIBs, and it also has an impact on its initial capacity loss, self-discharge characteristics, rate capability, and safety. While the presence of the anode SEI is vital, it is difficult to control its formation and growth, as they depend on several factors. These factors include the type of graphite, electrolyte composition, electrochemical conditions, and temperature. Thus, SEI formation and electrochemical stability over long-term operation should be a primary topic of future investigation in the LIB development. This article covers the progression of knowledge regarding the SEI, from its discovery in 1979 to the current state of understanding, and covers differences in the chemical and structural makeup when cell materials and components are varied. It also discusses the relationship of the SEI layer to the LIB formation step, involving both electrolyte wetting and subsequent slow chargeedischarge cycles to grow
How do massive black holes get their gas

We use multi-scale smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations to study the inflow of gas from galactic scales (∼ 10kpc) down to . 0.1pc, at which point the gas begins to resemble a traditional, Keplerian accretion disk. The key ingredients of the simulations are gas, stars, black holes (BHs), self-gravity, star formation, and stellar feedback (via a subgrid model); BH feedback is not included. We use ∼ 100 simulations to survey a large parameter space of galaxy properties and subgrid models for the interstellar medium physics. We generate initial conditions for our simulations of galactic nuclei (. 300 pc) using galaxy scale simulations, including both major galaxy mergers and isolated bar-(un)stable disk galaxies. For sufficiently gas-rich, disk-dominated systems, we find that a series of gravitational instabilities generates large accretion rates of up to ∼ 1− 10M yr−1 onto the BH (i.e., at . 0.1 pc); this is comparable to what is needed to fuel the most luminous quasars. The BH accretion rate is highly time variable for a given set of conditions in the galaxy at ∼ kpc. At radii & 10 pc, our simulations resemble the “bars within bars” model of Shlosman et al, but we show that the gas can have a diverse array of morphologies, including spirals, rings, clumps, and bars; the duty cycle of these features is modest, complicating attempts to correlate BH accretion with the morphology of gas in galactic nuclei. At ∼ 1− 10 pc, the gravitational potential becomes dominated by the BH and bar-like modes are no longer present. However, we show that the gas can become unstable to a standing, eccentric disk or a single-armed spiral mode (m = 1), in which the stars and gas precess at different rates, driving the gas to sub-pc scales (again for sufficiently gas-rich, disk-dominated systems). A proper treatment of this mode requires including star formation and the self-gravity of both the stars and gas (which has not been the case in many previous calculations). Our simulations predict a correlation between the BH accretion rate and the star formation rate at different galactic radii. We find that nuclear star formation is more tightly coupled to AGN activity than the global star formation rate of a galaxy, but a reasonable correlation remains even for the latter.
Formal and integrated strategies for competence development in SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of the relationships between the workplace as a learning environment, strategies for competence development used by SMEs and learning outcomes. Specifically, there is a focus on a distinction between formal and integrated strategies for competence development, the conditions under which these strategies are likely to be used, and their effects in terms of individual learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – The study was based mainly on questionnaire data collected through a survey of 14 SMEs that had received support from the European Social Fund‟s Objective 3 programme. In addition, data collected through interviews and analyses of documents were used. Findings – The results indicate interactions between the strategy of competence development used by the firms (formal vs. integrated) and the type of learning environment in the workplace (constraining vs. enabling). The use of an integrated strategy in an enabling learning environment was the most successful combination in terms of learning outcomes, while the use of an integrated strategy in a constraining learning environment was the least successful combination. Research implications/limitations – There is a need to elaborate the theoretical and empirical basis of the distinction between formal and integrated strategies for competence development, and to study the effects of the two types of strategy, not only for individual learning outcomes, but also for effects at an organizational level. Practical implications – HRD practitioners need to question a traditional reliance on formal training, as the presented results indicate the importance of using competence development strategies that are based on an integration of formal and informal learning. Originality/value – The study indicates that the effects of competence development efforts are likely to be a function not only, or primarily, of the training methods and strategies that are used, but also a function of the characteristics of the learning environment of the workplace.
A comparison of face lift techniques in eight consecutive sets of identical twins.

BACKGROUND
Selecting the "correct" face lift technique has always been a difficult decision for the plastic surgeon. A technique that provides optimal aesthetics for one patient may not provide the same result for another. The complexity of comparing these different results on patients with different facial features further confounds one's ability to decide on a given technique. Even identical twins are often treated more appropriately with a different technique from one twin to the other because the character and severity of facial aging may differ between them. By comparing different superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques on "less different" people (identical twins), perhaps the ideal technique may be determined.


METHODS
Between November of 1997 and April of 1999, eight sets of twins underwent face lift surgery by the senior author (D.E.A.), using one of four techniques. The charts and photographs of the eight consecutive pairs of twins (16 patients) were reviewed retrospectively.


RESULTS
No one face lift technique performed in this study produced a superior result as compared with another when performed on the appropriate patient.


CONCLUSION
There exists no face lift technique suitable for every patient. As the current literature suggests, there is no one "best" face lift technique of those studied.
Nebivolol compared with metoprolol for erectile function in males undergoing coronary artery bypass graft

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate erectile function in males undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) while on two different adrenoceptor beta-blocker regimens, namely nebivolol and metoprolol. We hypothesize that the negative effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on erectile function may be possibly attenuated by preferring a vasodilating selective β1-blocker, nebivolol, to metoprolol as an anti-ischemic and antiarrhythmic agent in males undergoing CABG.


METHODS
This randomized, double-blind, prospective clinical study was conducted in patients scheduled for CABG surgery between February 2012 and June 2014. A total of 60 consecutive patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized and divided into the following two groups: N group, which received 5 mg of nebivolol orally for 2 weeks before surgery plus 12 weeks after surgery or M group, which received 50 mg of metoprolol orally for the same period. All patients were evaluated by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) at the time of admission (before starting the beta-blocker) and 3 months after surgery.


RESULTS
In the metoprolol group, the mean IIEF-5 score decreased significantly from a baseline of 15.2±5.8 to 12.9±5.8 (p<0.001), but in the nebivolol group, this difference was not significant (from a baseline 12.9±5.5 to 12.4±5.5, p=0.053). In all patients, the mean IIEF-5 score decreased significantly from a baseline of 14.0±5.7 to 12.6±5.6 (p<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Although erectile function in males undergoing CABG surgery decreases when metoprolol is used, nebivolol exerts protective effects on erectile function against the disruptive effects of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing CABG.
Analysis of Negative-Saliency Permanent-Magnet Machines

In this paper, a negative-saliency permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machine analysis is presented. This particular saliency feature is achieved by replacing a portion of the magnet material by a soft iron piece over the rotor pole. In this manner, the d-axis inductance is increased, whereas the q-axis inductance is almost not affected, leading to the condition that Ld is higher than Lq (negative saliency) corresponding to the inverse condition of typical PM machines. An expression for the optimum pole configuration is derived. It is shown that, with appropriate control of the stator current based on the machine's saliency, the unfavorable effects of magnet reduction on torque production can be compensated. It is also shown that the machine saliency affects the location of the operating points when it operates under vector control. Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated with experimental results obtained from a prototype axial-flux PM machine that exhibits negative saliency.
Occupancy detection through an extensive environmental sensor network in an open-plan office building

Contemporary office buildings commonly experience changes in occupancy patterns and needs due to changes in business practice and personal churns. Hence, it is important to understand and accurately capture the information of such trends for applications in building design and subsequent building operations. Detection of occupant presence has been used extensively in built environments for applications such as demand-controlled ventilation and security, and occupancy profiles are widely used in building simulations. However, the ability to discern the actual number of people in a space is often beyond the scope of current sensing techniques. This paper presents a study to develop algorithms for occupancy number detection based on the analysis of environmental data captured from existing sensors and ambient sensing networks. Both wireless and wired sensor networks are deployed in the Robert L. Preger Intelligent Workplace (IW) at Carnegie Mellon University, comprising six different types of sensors. An average of 80% accuracy on the occupancy number detection was achieved by Hidden Markov Models during testing periods. The findings also offer encouraging possibilities for incorporating the algorithms into building management systems for optimizing energy use while maintaining occupant comfort.
Business Intelligence (Bi) Success and the Role of Bi Capabilities

Business intelligence (BI) has become the top priority for many organizations who have implemented BI solutions to improve their decision-making process. Yet, not all BI initiatives have fulfilled the expectations. We suggest that one of the reasons for failure is the lack of an understanding of the critical factors that define the success of BI applications, and that BI capabilities are among those critical factors. We present findings from a survey of 116 BI professionals that provides a snapshot of user satisfaction with various BI capabilities and the relationship between these capabilities and user satisfaction with BI. Our findings suggest that users are generally satisfied with BI overall and with BI capabilities. However, the BI capabilities with which they are most satisfied are not necessarily the ones that are the most strongly related to BI success. Of the five capabilities that were the most highly correlated with overall satisfaction with BI, only one was specifically related to data. Another interesting finding implies that, although users are not highly satisfied with the level of interaction of BI with other systems, this capability is highly correlated with BI success. Implications of these findings for the successful use and management of BI are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas in Japan.

PURPOSE
In 1977, the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) published the first edition of the general guidelines that described how to record clinical and histopathological findings of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and how to treat these cancers, and since then, the guidelines were revised several times. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of submucosal CRCs (T1-CRCs) in Japanese clinical settings.


METHODS
Questionnaires were sent to all 391 member institutions of the JSCCR. The questionnaires consisted of 2 parts: details of the institutions and treatment strategies for T1-CRCs.


RESULTS
73 (19 %) institutions responded to the survey. The number of treated T1-CRCs has increased year by year, and the rate of endoscopic resection for T1-CRCs has significantly increased with revisions of the guidelines (1417 [47 %] of 2985 T1-CRCs in 2003 - 2005, 2110 [50 %] of 4212 in 2006 - 2008, and 2546 [54 %] of 4686 in 2009 - 2011, P<.05).


CONCLUSION
The revisions of the JSCCR guidelines have influenced the treatment of T1-CRCs in Japanese clinical settings. There is room to revise the criteria for curative endoscopic resection to avoid unnecessary surgeries.