LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Abu Dhabi Cardiovascular Program: the continuation of Framingham.

Sixty years on from its first publication, the Framingham study has made an historic impact in risk identification and prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden globally. The challenge for the 21st century is in finding practical and scalable methods for effective implementation of population-level interventions that are adaptable to low-, middle-, and high-income settings. Within its first 2 years, the Abu Dhabi Cardiovascular Program, "Weqaya," has delivered a Framingham Risk Score for almost every adult Emirati. This is complemented by a clear and progressive program including the health sector and societal approach to the delivery of interventions for CVD. The health sector response includes the use of clear, evidence-based standards of clinical care, customer-focused service innovation such as the use of mobile and wellness clinics, and attention to the patient experience, and improving compliance using a mixture of encourage, enable, and enforce mechanics. Components of the Abu Dhabi societal approach include "top-down" measures to align the civil sector response including use of policies and regulation, for example, for trade and urban planning. The "bottom-up" measures aim to empower individuals, groups, and populations. Key to the success of this approach lies in central coordination and routine monitoring and evaluation, incorporating the use of simple, shared metrics. The Abu Dhabi approach has created a solid platform for scalable intervention, and for "learning by doing," with impact being monitored at the level of individuals, groups and the whole population. The unique data architecture in Abu Dhabi will enable the first cardiovascular risk score to be developed for the region and the incorporation of novel, modifiable risk factors into the model. The last 2 years have seen huge progress in Abu Dhabi for CVD, but the coming 5 to 10 years promise to unearth real, large-scale solutions, building on the original Framingham model. Furthermore, the Abu Dhabi model is scalable and adaptable to low- and middle-income country settings. Local and global data on CVD risk are stark and raise a clear challenge for public health; the time for clear actions has arrived.
Introduction - Platforms and Infrastructures in the Digital Age

Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s) Abstract. In the last few years, leading-edge research from information systems, strategic management, and economics have separately informed our understanding of platforms and infrastructures in the digital age. Our motivation for undertaking this special issue rests in the conviction that it is significant to discuss platforms and infrastructures concomitantly, while enabling knowledge from diverse disciplines to cross-pollinate to address critical, pressing policy challenges and inform strategic thinking across both social and business spheres. In this editorial, we review key insights from the literature on digital infrastructures and platforms, present emerging research themes, highlight the contributions developed from each of the six articles in this special issue, and conclude with suggestions for further research.
Clustering Approaches for Financial Data Analysis: a Survey

—Nowadays, financial data analysis is becoming increasingly important in the business market. As companies collect more and more data from daily operations, they expect to extract useful knowledge from existing collected data to help make reasonable decisions for new customer requests, e.g. user credit category, confidence of expected return, etc. Banking and financial institutes have applied different data mining techniques to enhance their business performance. Among these techniques, clustering has been considered as a significant method to capture the natural structure of data. However, there are not many studies on clustering approaches for financial data analysis. In this paper, we evaluate different clustering algorithms for analysing different financial datasets varied from time series to transactions. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method to enhance the understanding of inner structure of financial datasets as well as the capability of each clustering method in this context.
Prepulse facilitation and prepulse inhibition in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings

BACKGROUND
Deficits in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives have been reported in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a phenomenon that measures an early stage of information processing (sensorimotor gating). It is less clear whether these information processing deficits extend to prepulse facilitation (PPF), which measures a later stage of generalized alerting or orienting.


METHODS
This study examined three separate issues: first, whether schizophrenia patients have deficits in PPI and PPF; second, whether the siblings of patients show deficits in these processes; and third, whether prepulse duration influences the degree of the deficits. These issues were examined in 76 schizophrenia patients, 36 of their siblings, and 41 normal control subjects.


RESULTS
Patients and siblings did not differ from control subjects in PPI, perhaps due to the use of different procedural parameters compared with other laboratories that have consistently found PPI deficits in schizophrenia patients. Patients and their siblings produced significantly less PPF than control subjects. For both PPI and PPF, prepulse duration was not a significant factor.


CONCLUSIONS
These results imply that PPF deficits reveal a generalized alerting or orienting deficit that is present in both schizophrenia patients and their siblings, suggesting that this deficit may be tapping an endophenotypic vulnerability factor.
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and aerobic capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND
There is substantial evidence that exercise training improves aerobic capacity among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but less is known about the associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors with aerobic capacity.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined if objectively-measured moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and light (LPA) physical activity and sedentary behavior were associated with peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) measured using an established protocol for conducting a maximal, incremental exercise test in persons with MS.


METHODS
The study involved a cross-sectional, observational study design and included 49 persons with MS. Participants wore an accelerometer around the waist during the waking hours for a 7-day period as a measure of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and completed a maximal, incremental exercise test on an electronically-braked, computer-controlled cycle ergometer with open-circuit spirometry for measuring VO2peak.


RESULTS
VO2peak was significantly correlated with MVPA (r=0.53, p<0.001) and LPA (r=0.39, p<0.01), but not sedentary behavior (r=-0.12, p=0.44). Linear regression analysis indicated that MVPA (B=0.19, SE B=0.04, β=0.51, p<0.001) and LPA (B=0.02, SE B=0.01, β=0.30, p<0.05), but not sedentary behavior (B=-0.01, SE B=0.01, β=-0.14, p=0.26), explained significant variance in VO2peak (R2=0.40).


CONCLUSION
We provide the first evidence that MVPA and LPA represent concurrent correlates of VO2peak and both could be targeted for improving aerobic capacity in persons with MS.
STICKY BONE IN DEHISCENCE DEFECT AROUND DENTAL IMPLANT

INTRODUCTION: Back in time dentists used to place implants in locations with sufficient bone-dimensions only, with less regard to placement of final definitive restoration but most of the times, the placement of implant is not as accurate as intended and even a minor variation in comparison to ideal placement causes difficulties in fabrication of final prosthesis. The use of bone substitutes and membranes is now one of the standard therapeutic approaches. In order to accelerate healing of bone graft over the bony defect, numerous techniques utilizing platelet and fibrinogen concentrates have been introduced in the literature.. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of using Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) Enriched Bone Graft Matrix (Sticky Bone) and CGF-Enriched Fibrin Membrane in management of dehiscence defect around dental implant in narrow maxillary anterior ridge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven DIO implants were inserted in six adult patients presenting an upper alveolar ridge width of less than 4mm determined by cone beam computed tomogeraphy (CBCT). After implant placement, the resultant vertical labial dehiscence defect was augmented utilizing Sticky Bone and CGF-Enriched Fibrin Membrane. Three CBCTs were made, pre-operatively, immediately postoperatively and six-months post-operatively. The change in vertical defect size was calculated radiographically then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Vertical dehiscence defect was sufficiently recovered in 5 implant-sites while in the other 6 sites it was decreased to mean value of 1.25 mm ± 0.69 SD, i.e the defect coverage in 6 implants occurred with mean value of 4.59 mm ±0.49 SD. Also the results of the present study showed that the mean of average implant stability was 59.89 mm ± 3.92 CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PRF mixed with CGF with bone graft (allograft) can increase the quality (density) of the newly formed bone and enhance the rate of new bone formation.
Control Education: A World Showcase

he last time control education was surveyed in the Magazine T was in the June 1992 issue (vol. 12, no. 3). It provided a glimpse into the state of affairs of control education then through the window of the Second IFAC ACE Symposium. In his “Outlook’ section of the overview article, the Guest Editor of that issue, Professor Stephen Yurkovich, raised several intriguing questions regarding control education that “are worth considering as we move on toward the 21st century in engineering education.” Since then, a recurrence of interest and increased awareness of the importance and urgency of the problems in control education has appeared. This is evidenced by an increased number of publications and special conference sessions on control education in the past few years. In particular, the Magazine has introduced two new columns on educational issues-“Eye on Education” and “Lecture Notes.” The Third FAC ACE Symposium saw a great expansion in attendance, scope, and number of papers and presentations. It was under this backdrop that the idea for this special issue on control education around the world was conceived. However, the scope and format of this special issue, as it appears now, evolved over more than a
End-To-End Memory Networks

We introduce a neural network with a recurrent attention model over a possibly large external memory. The architecture is a form of Memory Network [23] but unlike the model in that work, it is trained end-to-end, and hence requires significantly less supervision during training, making it more generally applicable in realistic settings. It can also be seen as an extension of RNNsearch [2] to the case where multiple computational steps (hops) are performed per output symbol. The flexibility of the model allows us to apply it to tasks as diverse as (synthetic) question answering [22] and to language modeling. For the former our approach is competitive with Memory Networks, but with less supervision. For the latter, on the Penn TreeBank and Text8 datasets our approach demonstrates comparable performance to RNNs and LSTMs. In both cases we show that the key concept of multiple computational hops yields improved results.
Visual feedback distortion in a robotic environment for hand rehabilitation

Robotic therapy offers a means of enhancing rehabilitation for individuals with chronic stroke or traumatic brain injury. The present research targets members of this population who demonstrate learned nonuse, a tendency to use affected limbs below the level of the individual's true capability. These individuals may not strive for difficult goals in therapy, which ultimately hampers their progress and the outcome of rehabilitation. Our research uses a paradigm called visual feedback distortion in which the visual feedback corresponding to force or distance is gradually changed by an imperceptible amount to encourage improved performance. Our first set of experiments was designed to assess the limits of imperceptible distortion for visual feedback concerning the force exerted or the distance moved by the index finger. A second set of experiments used these limits to gradually distort visual feedback in order to manipulate a subject's force or distance response. Based on this work, we designed a paradigm applying visual feedback distortion to the rehabilitation of individuals with chronic stroke and traumatic brain injury. Initial tests are reported for two subjects who participated in a six-week rehabilitation protocol. Each patient followed visual feedback distortion to levels of performance above that predicted by her performance during an initial assessment. Both patients showed functional improvements after participating in the study. Visual feedback distortion may provide a way to help a patient move beyond his or her self-assessed "best" performance, improving the outcome of robotic rehabilitation.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on markers of vascular function after myocardial infarction--a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Low vitamin D levels are common, and are associated with a higher incidence of future vascular events. We tested whether vitamin D supplementation could improve endothelial function and other markers of vascular function in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.


METHODS
Parallel group, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised trial. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction were randomised to receive 100,000 units of oral vitamin D3 or placebo at baseline, 2 months and 4 months. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 2 and 6 months. Reactive hyperaemia index on fingertip plethysmography was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures included blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, E-selectin, B-type natriuretic peptide, thrombomodulin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.


RESULTS
75 patients were randomised, mean age 66 years. 74/75 (99%) completed 6 month follow-up. 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels increased in the intervention group relative to placebo (+13 vs +1 nmol/L, p=0.04). There was no between-group difference in change in reactive hyperaemia index between baseline and 6 months (-0.18 vs -0.07, p=0.40). Of the secondary outcomes, only C-reactive protein showed a significant decline in the intervention arm relative to placebo at 6 months (-1.3 vs 2.0mg/L, p=0.03). Systolic blood pressure (+1.4 vs +2.3 mmHg, p=0.79), diastolic blood pressure (+2.0 vs +0.8 mmHg, p=0.54) and total cholesterol (+0.26 vs +0.24 mmol/L, p=0.88) showed no between-group difference at 6 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation with vitamin D did not improve markers of vascular function in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
Clinical and pharmacokinetic study evaluating the effect of food on the disposition of 9-nitrocamptothecin and its 9-aminocamptothecin metabolite in patients with solid tumors

Background: 9-Nitrocamptothecin (9NC) is an orally administered camptothecin analogue that has completed phase III trials for pancreatic cancer. In biological matrices, camptothecin analogues exist in equilibrium between the active-lactone (LAC) and inactive-hydroxy acid (HA) forms. 9NC has been administered on an empty stomach; however, it is unclear if food alters the absorption and disposition of 9NC and its 9-aminocamptothecin (9AC) active-metabolite. Thus, we evaluated the disposition of 9NC and 9AC after administration of 9NC under fasting conditions and after a standard meal. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive 9NC as a single oral dose at 1.5 mg/m2 with 8 ounces (oz) of an acidic beverage under fasting conditions, or after a meal consisting of two eggs, 8 oz of orange juice, buttered toast, 8 oz of milk, and 4 oz of hash brown potatoes. Following a 72 h washout period, 9NC was administered with the alternative condition (i.e., with food or fasting). 9NC was then continued for 5 days of every week. Serial blood samples were obtained prior to and from 0.25 to 24 h after administration of 9NC. The total (sum of LAC + HA) of 9NC and 9AC were measured by an LC-MS/MS assay. Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) for 9NC and 9AC total were calculated. After the pharmacokinetic section of the study, patients received 9NC 1.5 mg/m2 orally under fasting conditions daily for 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Results: Sixteen patients with median (range) age 62 (47–83) years, diagnoses of colorectal (six patients), lung (two patients), and other (eight patients) malignancies, received 83 [median (range) 4 (2–9)] weeks of therapy. Patients with toxicities greater than grade 2: were diarrhea (1), nausea (2), vomiting (2), fatigue (2), anemia (3), neutropenia (3), and febrile neutropenia (2). Three patients (lung, unknown primary, and colon) had stable disease for eight weeks. The mean±SD of 9NC AUCfood and 9NC AUCfast (n=9) were 330±182 and 558±379 ng/ml·h, respectively (P<0.05). The mean±SD of 9AC AUCfood and 9AC AUCfast (n=9) were 244±60 and 256±101 ng/ml·h, respectively (P>0.05). The mean ± SD ratio of 9NC AUCfood to AUCfasting in individual patients (n=9) was 0.67±0.22. The mean ± SD ratio of 9AC AUCfood to AUCfasting in individual patients (n=9) was 1.14±0.61. Conclusions: Co-administration of 9NC with food reduces the oral absorption of 9NC; however, there was no difference in the exposure of 9AC. The is high interpatient variability in the effect of food on the absorption of 9NC and the interpatient variability in the effect of food on the disposition of 9AC is even greater when compared to 9NC.
Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender, age and Internet frequency

This study investigated the extent of young adults’ (N = 393; 17–30 years old) experience of cyberbullying, from the perspectives of cyberbullies and cyber-victims using an online questionnaire survey. The overall prevalence rate shows cyberbullying is still present after the schooling years. No significant gender differences were noted, however females outnumbered males as cyberbullies and cyber-victims. Overall no significant differences were noted for age, but younger participants were found to engage more in cyberbullying activities (i.e. victims and perpetrators) than the older participants. Significant differences were noted for Internet frequency with those spending 2–5 h online daily reported being more victimized and engage in cyberbullying than those who spend less than an hour daily. Internet frequency was also found to significantly predict cyber-victimization and cyberbullying, indicating that as the time spent on Internet increases, so does the chances to be bullied and to bully someone. Finally, a positive significant association was observed between cyber-victims and cyberbullies indicating that there is a tendency for cyber-victims to become cyberbullies, and vice versa. Overall it can be concluded that cyberbullying incidences are still taking place, even though they are not as rampant as observed among the younger users. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An Online Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating HIV Prevention Digital Media Interventions for Men Who Have Sex with Men

BACKGROUND
As HIV infection continues unabated, there is a need for effective interventions targeting at-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). Engaging MSM online where they meet sexual partners is critical for HIV prevention efforts.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted online among U.S. MSM recruited from several gay sexual networking websites assessed the impact of 2 HIV prevention videos and an HIV prevention webpage compared to a control condition for the study outcomes HIV testing, serostatus disclosure, and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) at 60-day follow-up. Video conditions were pooled due to reduced power from low retention (53%, n = 1,631). No participant incentives were provided.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Follow-up was completed by 1,631 (53%) of 3,092 eligible men. In the 60 days after the intervention, men in the pooled video condition were significantly more likely than men in the control to report full serostatus disclosure ('asked and told') with their last sexual partner (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.74). Comparing baseline to follow-up, HIV-negative men in the pooled video (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.91) and webpage condition (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.72) significantly reduced UAI at follow-up. HIV-positive men in the pooled video condition significantly reduced UAI (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.67) and serodiscordant UAI (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28-0.96) at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Findings from this online RCT of MSM recruited from sexual networking websites suggest that a low cost, brief digital media intervention designed to engage critical thinking can increase HIV disclosure to sexual partners and decrease sexual risk. Effective, brief HIV prevention interventions featuring digital media that are made widely available may serve as a complementary part of an overall behavioral and biomedical strategy for reducing sexual risk by addressing the specific needs and circumstances of the target population, and by changing individual knowledge, motivations, and community norms.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00649701.
Self-acceptance of stuttering: A preliminary study.

PURPOSE
This study explored the relationship between self-acceptance of stuttering and (1) psychosocial factors (self-esteem, hostility towards others, emotional support, and perceived discrimination); (2) treatment history (support group participation, therapy duration, and perceived therapy success); and (3) previously reported variables in self-acceptance of stuttering, which include age and stuttering severity.


METHOD
Participants were 80 adults who stutter who were recruited with assistance from the National Stuttering Association and Board Certified Specialists in Fluency Disorders. Participants completed an electronic survey composed of an acceptance of stuttering scale, psychosocial scales, and a participant information questionnaire.


RESULTS
Statistical analysis identified significant correlations between participants' reports of self-acceptance of stuttering and self-esteem, perceived discrimination, hostility towards others, and perceived therapy outcome. Self-esteem was positively correlated with self-acceptance, while hostility towards others and perceived discrimination was negatively correlated with self-acceptance. Participants who perceived their therapy outcome to be successful were significantly more likely to report higher levels of self-acceptance. No significant relationships were found between self-acceptance of stuttering and support group participation, emotional support, stuttering severity, and participant age.


CONCLUSION
This exploratory investigation has provided a foundation for future studies on the self-acceptance of stuttering. The findings indicate common psychosocial variables in self-acceptance of stuttering and of other disabilities. The significant relationships between self-acceptance of stuttering and psychosocial and therapeutic variables found need to be further explored to identify its causalities and clinical implications.


LEARNING OUTCOMES
The reader will be able to (1) discuss the importance of assessing self-acceptance of stuttering, (2) summarize the literature on self-acceptance of disability, and (3) describe the significant findings related to self-acceptance of stuttering and psychosocial, therapeutic variables.