LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Constraint on cosmic density of the string moduli field in gauge-mediated supersymmetry-breaking theories

Abstract We derive a constraint on the cosmic density of string moduli fields in gauge-mediated supersymmetry-breaking theories by requiring that photons emitted from the unstable moduli fields should not exceed the observed X-ray backgrounds. Since the mass of the moduli field lies in the range between O (0.1) keV and O (1) MeV and the decay occurs through a gravitational interaction, the lifetime of the moduli field is much longer than the age of the present universe. The obtained upper bound on their cosmic density becomes more stringent than that from the enclosure condition for the present universe for a mass greater than about 100 keV.
Organizing and Searching the World Wide Web of Facts - Step One: The One-Million Fact Extraction Challenge

Due to the inherent difficulty of processing noisy text, the potential of the Web as a decentralized repository of human knowledge remains largely untapped during Web search. The access to billions of binary relations among named entities would enable new search paradigms and alternative methods for presenting the search results. A first concrete step towards building large searchable repositories of factual knowledge is to derive such knowledge automatically at large scale from textual documents. Generalized contextual extraction patterns allow for fast iterative progression towards extracting one million facts of a given type (e.g., Person-BornIn-Year) from 100 million Web documents of arbitrary quality. The extraction starts from as few as 10 seed facts, requires no additional input knowledge or annotated text, and emphasizes scale and coverage by avoiding the use of syntactic parsers, named entity recognizers, gazetteers, and similar text processing tools and resources.
Eccentric training in Achilles tendinopathy: is it harmful to tendon microcirculation?

BACKGROUND
Eccentric training has been shown to reduce pain and gain function in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. However, currently no data are available regarding any potential adverse effects of an eccentric training intervention on Achilles tendon microcirculation.


METHODS
59 patients (49 (12) years; body mass index 27 (5); 49 mid-portion, 10 chronic insertional tendinopathy) with 64 symptomatic (54 mid-portion, 10 insertional) Achilles tendons were prospectively enrolled. Baseline tendon microcirculation at four distinct tendon positions from the insertion to the proximal mid-portion area was assessed using a laser Doppler system for capillary blood flow, tissue oxygen saturation and postcapillary venous filling pressure. A 12-week daily painful home-based eccentric training regimen was initiated (3x15 repetitions per tendon and day).


RESULTS
Achilles tendon capillary blood flow was significantly reduced at the insertion (by 35%, p = 0.008) and the distal mid-portion area (by 45%, p = 0.015) at 2 mm and by 22% (p = 0.007) and 13% (p = 0.122) at 8 mm tissue depths, respectively. Achilles tendon oxygen saturation was not decreased after the 12-week eccentric training regimen throughout the insertion to the proximal mid-portion area (insertion 72 (13) vs 73 (10), proximal mid-portion 63 (13) vs 62 (11), both NS). Achilles tendon postcapillary venous filling pressures were significantly reduced at the insertion (51 (16) vs 41 (19), p = 0.001) and the distal mid-portion (36 (13) vs 32 (12), p = 0.037) at 2 mm and at the insertion at 8 mm (63 (19) vs 51 (13), p = 0.0001). Pain was reduced from 5.4 (2.1) to 3.6 (2.4; p = 0.001) in the mid-portion and from 6 (2.5) to 3.2 (2.7; p = 0.002) in the insertional tendinopathy group. No Achilles tendon rupture or any interruption during the eccentric training was noted among the 59 patients.


CONCLUSION
Daily eccentric training for Achilles tendinopathy is a safe and easy measure, with beneficial effects on the microcirculatory tendon levels without any evident adverse effects in both mid-portion and insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Melanocortin Receptor Gene with Egg Production Traits in Lohmann Brown Chickens

Melanocortin receptor (MC4R) plays an important role in central melanocortin system and regulation of feed intake in birds. In this study the melanocortin gene (MC4R) was proposed as a candidate gene for egg production traits (yield and weight) in Lohmann Brown hens. DNA from blood samples was extracted to amplify the MC4R gene and the purified PCR products were sequenced. Alignment of sequence data from each group revealed that there is a variation detected in MC4R-1 at nucleotide 22 (T-G) (sense mutation) for high egg weight. Hens with the AB genotype produced significantly higher egg weight compared to hens with the AA genotype. There was no significant effect of this mutation on egg yield. The detected mutation and the analysis of egg production means revealed a significant association between MC4R polymorphism and egg weight. The MC4R-SNP could be considered as a useful marker in chicken selection especially for egg weight.
Inhibition of LNCaP prostate cancer cells by means of androgen receptor antisense oligonucleotides

Currently available methods for treatment of human prostatic carcinoma aim to inactivate the androgen receptor (AR) by androgen deprivation or blockade with anti-androgens. Failure of endocrine therapy and tumor progression is characterized by androgen-independent growth despite high levels of AR expression in metastatic disease. We inhibited AR expression in LNCaP prostate tumor cells by using antisense AR oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and explored whether antisense AR treatment would be conceivable as a therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Among the various AR antisense ODNs tested, a 15-base ODN targeting the CAG repeats encoding the poly-glutamine region of the AR (as750/15) was found to be most effective. Treatment of LNCaP cells with as750/15 reduced AR expression to ∼2% within 24 hours compared with mock-treated controls. AR down-regulation resulted in significant cell growth inhibition, strongly reduced secretion of the androgen-regulated prostate-specific antigen, reduction of epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and an increase in apoptotic cells. Mis-sense and mismatched control ODNs had no or only slight effects. Antisense inhibition was also very efficient in LNCaP-abl cells, a subline established after long-term androgen ablation of LNCaP cells, resulting in inhibition of AR expression and cell proliferation that was similar to that seen for parental LNCaP cells. This study shows that inhibition of AR expression by antisense AR ODNs may be a promising new approach for treatment of advanced human prostate cancer.
Channel Allocation Methods for Data Dissemination in Mobile Computing Environments

This paper discusses several channel allocation methods for data dissemination in mobile computing systems. We suggest that the broadcast and on-demand channels have different access performance under different system parameters and that a mobile cell should use a combination of both to obtain optimal access time for a given workload and system parameters. We study the data access efficiency of three channel configurations: i) all channels are used as ondemand channels (exclusive on-demand), ii) all channels are used for broadcast (exclusive broadcast) and iii) some channels are on-demand channels and some are broadcast channels (hybrid). Simulations on obtaining the optimal channel allocation for lightly-loaded, medium-loaded, and heavy-loaded conditions were conducted and the result shows that an optimal channel allocation significantly improves the system performance.
Impact of thyroidectomy on cardiac manifestations of Graves' disease.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Graves' disease (GD) has multiple adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to examine the outcome of thyroidectomy in patients with cardiac manifestations of GD and evaluate their associated postoperative complications.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective analysis using a prospectively collected database.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of our prospectively collected thyroid surgery database was performed. Forty patients with hyperthyroidism due to GD were identified, and each was appropriately age matched to a euthyroid patient with multinodular goiter (MNG). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Data relating to cardiac comorbidities were collected from preoperative and postoperative clinic notes, hospital admissions, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood work. Perioperative biochemical, cardiovascular, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.


RESULTS
Twenty-four (60%) GD patients and 14 (35.0%) MNG patients had cardiac manifestations (P = .001). Hypertension resolved in 41.7% of GD patients and 7.7% of MNG patients (P = .00002). Two of the three GD patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) had resolution of CHF with significant improvement in ejection fraction, whereas the one MNG patient with CHF saw no change. Additionally, the majority of GD patients saw a resolution of their tachycardia (68.8%) and atrial fibrillation (100%). Four postoperative complications occurred in both the GD and MNG groups (4/40, 10%).


CONCLUSIONS
Surgical treatment of GD in patients with cardiac manifestations offers rapid clinical improvement of hypertension, impaired left ventricular systolic function, and arrhythmias. When performed by a high-volume surgeon, the complication rate is similar to thyroidectomy for other benign disease.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4. Laryngoscope, 126:1256-1259, 2016.
Phenotypic plasticity of anuran larvae: environmental variables influence body shape and oral morphology in Rana temporaria tadpoles

Environmental variables shaped the morphology of tadpoles of the common frog, Rana temporaria, in various ways at the Pyrenean locality Circo de Piedra®ta. Examining only specimens in similar developmental stages, those from small ponds (with higher temperature and higher tadpole density) had lower growth rates, lower relative tail height, lower relative body width and fewer labial keratodonts and keratodont rows. The variation in keratodonts may have been caused by heterochrony related to the slower growth rate. The number of lingual papillae also differed between ponds but was not related to pond size. Higher predator densities caused a higher percentage of damaged tails and a lower relative tail length in specimens with apparently intact tails, probably as a result of incomplete regeneration after mutilations earlier in development.
Efficacy and safety of deferasirox in β-thalassemia major patients in Iran: a prospective study from a single referral center in Iran.

INTRODUCTION
Herein, the results of a prospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of treatment with deferasirox are studied in iron-overloaded patients with β-thalassemia major during an 18-month trial.


METHODS
Thirty patients who were previously chelated with deferoxamine with/without deferiprone, and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Patients received an initial dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Liver and cardiac MRI T2* were evaluated before and after the trial. In addition, serum ferritin level was assessed every 3 months. Primary endpoint was regarded as significant improvement in the severity of liver and cardiac iron overload in severe and moderate cases, in addition to improvement or maintenance of the grade of severity in patients with mild iron overload or normal iron accumulation. Therapy was considered effective if primary endpoint was met in >50%.


RESULTS
Liver MRI values improved significantly (P = .002), achieving a 73.33% success rate. A successful outcome regarding myocardial iron overload was observed in 80%. Finally, an overall of 66.66% of patients met the success criteria. Secondary endpoint, regarded as safety and tolerability was reached by 93.33%. The most common adverse events were skin rash and gastrointestinal disturbance. A dose between 30 and 40 mg/kg/day, tailored to each patient was considered the optimal dose.


CONCLUSION
Deferasirox proved as an efficient and safe chelating agent in our patients, specifically in mild to moderate iron overloaded patients.
Why CSCW Applications Fail: Problems in the Design and Evaluation of Organization of Organizational Interfaces

Many systems, applications, and features that support cooperative work share two characteristics: A significant investment has been made in their development, and their successes have consistently fallen far short of expectations. Examination of several application areas reveals a common dynamic: 1) A factor contributing to the application’s failure is the disparity between those who will benefit from an application and those who must do additional work to support it. 2) A factor contributing to the decision-making failure that leads to ill-fated development efforts is the unique lack of management intuition for CSCW applications. 3) A factor contributing to the failure to learn from experience is the extreme difficulty of evaluating these applications. These three problem areas escape adequate notice due to two natural but ultimately misleading analogies: the analogy between multi-user application programs and multi-user computer systems, and the analogy between multi-user applications and single-user applications. These analogies influence the way we think about cooperative work applications and designers and decision-makers fail to recognize their limits. Several CSCW application areas are examined in some detail. Introduction. An illustrative example: automatic meeting
Impacting Canadian public health nurses' job satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE
Workforce recruitment and retention challenges are being experienced in public health as in other Canadian health sectors. While there are many nurses working in public health, little research has been done about their job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is linked to recruitment, retention and positive client outcomes. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between three modifiable work environment factors (autonomy, control-over-practice, and workload) and Canadian public health nurses' (PHNs) job satisfaction.


METHODS
Data were from the 2005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (response rate, 79.7%; 18,676 nurses). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for this secondary analysis. Findings were discussed with practicing PHNs, policy-makers and researchers from across Canada at a knowledge translation (KT) 'Think-Tank'.


RESULTS
Among the 271 PHNs, 53.5% reported being 'very satisfied' with their jobs. The interaction between autonomy and workload was a significant predictor of PHNs' job satisfaction, (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, p < 0.01) as was the interaction between age and workload (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p < 0.01). Think-Tank participants selected priority areas for application to public health practice, management and research.


CONCLUSION
Despite being an important practice factor, this is the first study to reveal the negative influence of PHNs' autonomy when in interaction with an excessive workload. Significant workload findings and the presence of generational differences suggest the need for development of workload measurement tools and public health human resource strategies tailored to a multi-generational workforce.
Commitment, Coercion, and Markets: The Nature and Dynamics of Institutions Supporting Exchange

Markets rest upon institutions. The development of market-based exchange relies on the support of two institutional pillars that are, in turn, shaped by the development of markets. Research in the field of new institutional economics has largely focused upon one such institutional pillar—‘contract-enforcement institutions’—that determine the range of transactions in which individuals can commit to keep their contractual obligations. Yet, markets also require institutions that constrain those with coercive power from abusing others’ property rights. These ‘coercion-constraining’ institutions influence whether individuals will bring their goods to the market in the first place. This chapter’s discussion of market-supporting institutions is geared toward the issues we know the least about. First, the dynamics of market-supporting institutions and the implied dynamics of markets; second, the inter-relationships between the dynamics of market-supporting and political institutions where the latter comprise the rules for collective decision-making, political rights, and the legitimate use of coercive power. It argues, in particular, that neither the assertion that liberal political institutions lead to markets nor that markets lead to liberal governance are supported by theory or history. Markets and political institutions co-evolve through a dynamic inter-play between contract-enforcement and coercion-constraining institutions. Many successful market economies have prevailed in the past; there were adequate market-supporting institutions. Early successes, such as those in the Islamic world or China, were not indicators of later development. It was the commercial expansion that began in Europe during the late medieval period that led to the development of markets that support the complex, dynamic modern economy with its wide-scale reliance on impersonal exchange. Why didn’t early success lead to subsequent market expansion? More generally, what does determine the dynamics of market expansion? Addressing these questions is a key to understanding the ‘Rise of the West,’ the operation of market economies, and the factors that still hinder market development. The argument advanced here is that markets can rest on different combinations of contract-enforcement and coercion-constraining institutions. Different
Neither heavy nor light load resistance exercise acutely exacerbates lymphedema in breast cancer survivor.

UNLABELLED
Resistance exercise has great potential to aid in the management of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), but little is known regarding the acute response of performing resistance exercises with the affected limb.


PURPOSE
To examine the acute impact of upper body resistance exercise on the amount of swelling and severity of symptoms in women with BCRL and to compare these effects between resistance exercise involving high and low loads (heavier vs lighter weights).


METHODS
Seventeen women aged 61 ± 9 years with mild to severe BCRL participated in this study. Participants completed a high load (6-8 repetition maximum) and low load (15-20 repetition maximum) exercise session consisting of 2 sets of 5 upper body resistance exercises in a randomized order separated by a 10- to 12-day wash-out period. The extent of swelling was assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and arm circumference measurements. The severity symptoms were assessed using the visual analogue scale (pain, heaviness, and tightness) and a modified Brief Pain Inventory. Measurements were taken pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 24 hours post-exercise, and 72 hours post-exercise.


RESULTS
No changes in the extent of swelling or the severity of symptoms were observed between pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise, 24 hours post-exercise, or 72 hours post-exercise. No differences in the response to the high or low load exercise were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Upper body resistance exercise does not acutely increase swelling or feelings of discomfort/pain, heaviness tightness in the affected limb of BCRL patients when performed at either high or low loads.
Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using Statistical Pre-processor and Unsupervised Neural Networks

Although the prevention of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is not possible, detection of such attacks plays main role in preventing their progress. In the flooding attacks, especially new sophisticated DDoS, the attacker floods the network traffic toward the target computer by sending pseudo-normal packets. Therefore, multi-purpose IDSs do not offer a good performance (and accuracy) in detecting such kinds of attacks. In this paper, a novel method for detection of DDoS attacks has been introduced based on a statistical pre-processor and an unsupervised artificial neural net. In addition, SPUNNID system has been designed based on the proposed method. The statistical pre-processing has been used to extract some statistical features of the traffic, showing the behavior of DDoS attacks. The unsupervised neural net is used to analyze and classify them as either a DDoS attack or normal. Moreover, the method has been more investigated using attacked network traffic, which has been provided from a real environment. The experimental results show that SPUNNID detects DDoS attacks accurately and efficiently.
WebVRGIS based traffic analysis and visualization system

With several characteristics, such as large scale, diverse predictability and timeliness, the city traffic data falls in the range of definition of Big Data. A Virtual Reality GIS based traffic analysis and visualization system is proposed as a promising and inspiring approach to manage and develop traffic big data. In addition to the basic GIS interaction functions, the proposed system also includes some intelligent visual analysis and forecasting functions. The passenger flow forecasting algorithm is introduced in detail. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of weight-bearing versus nonweight-bearing exercise on function, walking speed, and position sense in participants with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether weight-bearing (WB) exercise enhances functional capacity to a greater extent than nonweight-bearing (NWB) exercise in participants with knee osteoarthritis.


DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
Kinesiology laboratory.


PARTICIPANTS
Participants (N=106) were randomly assigned to WB exercise, NWB exercise, or a control group (no exercise).


INTERVENTION
WB exercise and NWB exercise groups underwent an 8-week knee extension-flexion exercise program.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function scale, walking speed, muscle torque, and knee reposition error were assessed before and after intervention.


RESULTS
Equally significant improvements were apparent for all outcomes after WB exercise and NWB exercise, except for reposition error, for which improvement was greater in the WB exercise group. In contrast, there were no improvements in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Simple knee flexion and extension exercises (WB and NWB) performed over 8 weeks resulted in significant improvement in the WOMAC function scale and knee strength compared with the control group. NWB exercise alone may be sufficient enough to improve function and muscle strength. The additional benefit of WB exercise was improved position sense, which may enhance complex walking tasks (walking on figure of 8 route and spongy surface).
A neural network component for an intrusion detection system

In this paper, we present a possible application of neural networks as a component of an intrusion detection system. Neural network algorithms are emerging nowadays as a new arnficial intelligence techm”quethat can be applied to real-l~e problems. We present an approach of user behavior modeling that takes advantage of the properties of neural algorithms and display results obtained on preliminary testing of our approach.