LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Frequent cognitive activity compensates for education differences in episodic memory.

OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that frequent participation in cognitive activities can moderate the effects of limited education on cognitive functioning.


DESIGN
A national study of adult development and aging, Midlife in the United States, with assessments conducted at the second wave of measurement in 2004-2006.


SETTING
Assessments were made over the telephone (cognitive measures) and in a mail questionnaire (demographic variables, measures of cognitive and physical activity, and self-rated health).


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 55.99 years.


MEASUREMENTS
The dependent variables were Episodic Memory (Immediate and Delayed Word List Recall) and Executive Functioning (Category Fluency, Backward Digit Span, Backward Counting Speed, Reasoning, and Attention Switching Speed). The independent variables were years of education and frequency of cognitive activity (reading, writing, doing word games or puzzles, and attending lectures). The covariates were age, sex, self-rated health, income, and frequency of physical activity.


RESULTS
The two cognitive measures were regressed on education, cognitive activity frequency, and their interaction, while controlling for the covariates. Education and cognitive activity were significantly correlated with both cognitive abilities. The interaction of education and cognitive activity was significant for episodic memory but not for executive functioning.


CONCLUSION
Those with lower education had lower cognitive functioning, but this was qualified by level of cognitive activity. For those with lower education, engaging frequently in cognitive activities showed significant compensatory benefits for episodic memory, which has promise for reducing social disparities in cognitive aging.
Subject Guides. Biology. BIOCHEMISTRY.

Branch of science concerned with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living and non-living organisms as it relates to the study of Biology at Columbus State University and the students' exploration of a career in this field. Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
Anemia among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia: prevalence, severity and associated risk factors

Anemia is a significant public health problem in developing countries, particularly in pregnant women. It may complicate pregnancy, sometimes resulting in tragic outcomes. There is a lack of information on the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia. The aim of this study is, therefore, to determine the prevalence of anemia and assess associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Bisidimo Hospital in Southeast Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study, involving 258 pregnant women, was conducted from March to June 2013. Socio-demographic, medical and obstetric data of the study participants were collected using structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin was measured using a hematology analyzer and faecal specimens were examined to detect intestinal parasites. Anemia in pregnancy was defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dl. Overall, prevalence of anemia was 27.9%, of which 55% had mild anemia. Rural residence (AOR =3.3, 95% CI: 1.5-7.4), intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.8) and history of heavy cycle (AOR =2.7, 95% CI: 1.3-1.7) were predictors of anemia. This study showed moderate prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women, with a sizable proportion having severe anemia. Routine testing of pregnant women for IPIs and creating awareness on factors predisposing to anemia is recommended.
Comparison of two self-rating scales to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9.

BACKGROUND
More than half of patients with depression go undetected. Self-rating scales can be useful in screening for depression, and measuring severity and treatment outcome.


AIM
This study compares the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with regard to their psychometric properties, and investigates their agreement at different cut-off scores.


METHOD
Swedish primary care patients and psychiatric outpatients (n = 737) who reported symptoms of depression completed the self-rating scales. Data were collected from 2006 to 2007. Analyses with respect to internal consistency, factor analysis, and agreement (Cohen's kappa) at recommended cut-offs were performed.


RESULTS
Both scales had high internal consistency (alpha = 0.9) and stable factor structures. Using severity cut-offs, the PHQ-9 (> or =5) diagnosed about 30% more patients than the HADS depression subscale (HADS-D; > or =8). They recognised the same prevalence of mild and moderate depression, but differed in relation to severe depression. When comparing recommended screening cut-offs, HADS-D > or =11 (33.5% of participants) and PHQ-9 > or =10 (65.9%) agreement was low (kappa = 0.35). Using the lower recommended cut-off in the HADS-D (> or =8), agreement with PHQ-9 > or =10 was moderate (kappa = 0.52). The highest agreement (kappa = 0.56) was found comparing HADS-D > or =8 with PHQ-9 > or =12. This also equalised the prevalence of depression found by the scales.


CONCLUSION
The HADS and PHQ-9 are both quick and reliable. The HADS has the advantage of evaluating both depression and anxiety, and the PHQ-9 of being strictly based upon the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The agreement between the scales at the best suitable cut-off is moderate, although the identified prevalence was similar. This indicates that the scales do not fully identify the same cases. This difference needs to be further explored.
PDE modeling and control of a flexible two-link manipulator

A partial differential equation (PDE) model for a flexible two-link manipulator is derived and transformed to a form appropriate for the development of stable control designs. Stable control of this nonlinear infinite dimensional two-link system is then achieved by a novel control design developed using passivity and Lyapunov-based methods. A two-link hardware experimental setup is used to validate the analytical PDE model and the proposed stable control design scheme.
Time course and dose response of alpha tocopherol on oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality particularly in patients with end stage kidney disease. Although observational data from the general population has shown dietary antioxidant intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, most clinical intervention trials have failed to support this relationship. This may be a consequence of not using an effective antioxidant dose and/or not investigating patients with elevated oxidative stress. The SPACE study, conducted in haemodialysis patients, reported that 800 IU/day of alpha tocopherol significantly reduced cardiovascular disease endpoints. A recent time course and dose response study conducted in hypercholesterolaemic patients that found 1600 IU/day of alpha tocopherol was an optimal dose. There is no such dose response data available for haemodialysis patients. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of oral alpha tocopherol on oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients with elevated oxidative stress and the time taken to achieve this effect.


METHODS
The study will consist of a time-course followed by a dose response study. In the time course study 20 haemodialysis patients with elevated oxidative stress will take either 1600 IU/day natural (RRR) alpha tocopherol for 20 weeks or placebo. Blood will be collected every two weeks and analysed for a marker of oxidative stress (plasma F2-isoprostanes) and alpha tocopherol. The optimum time period to significantly decrease plasma F2-isoprostanes will be determined from this study. In the dose response study 60 patients will be randomised to receive either placebo, 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1600 IU/day of natural (RRR) alpha tocopherol for a time period determined from the time course study. Blood will be collected at baseline and every two weeks and analysed for plasma F2-isoprostanes and alpha tocopherol. It is hypothesised that doses >/= 800 IU of vitamin E will be required to significantly decrease plasma F2-isoprostanes.


DISCUSSION
This study will determine the time and dose required for alpha tocopherol to significantly decrease oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients. Data will be used to plan a large randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of alpha tocopherol on cardiovascular outcomes in haemodialysis patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ACTRN12609000608268.
Short-Term Forecasting of Passenger Demand under On-Demand Ride Services: A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Approach

Short-term passenger demand forecasting is of great importance to the ondemand ride service platform, which can incentivize vacant cars moving from over-supply regions to over-demand regions. The spatial dependences, temporal dependences, and exogenous dependences need to be considered simultaneously, however, which makes short-term passenger demand forecasting challenging. We propose a novel deep learning (DL) approach, named the fusion convolutional long short-term memory network (FCL-Net), to address these three dependences within one end-to-end learning architecture. The model is stacked and fused by multiple convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) layers, standard LSTM layers, and convolutional layers. The fusion of convolutional techniques and the LSTM network enables the proposed DL approach to better capture the spatiotemporal characteristics and correlations of explanatory variables. A tailored spatially aggregated random forest is employed to rank the importance of the explanatory variables. The ranking is then used for feature selection. The proposed DL approach is applied to the short-term forecasting of passenger demand under an on-demand ride service platform in Hangzhou, China. Experimental results, validated on real-world data provided by DiDi Chuxing, show that the FCL-Net achieves better predictive performance than traditional approaches in∗Corresponding author Email address: chenxiqun@zju.edu.cn (Xiqun (Michael) Chen) Preprint submitted to Elsevier June 21, 2017 ar X iv :1 70 6. 06 27 9v 1 [ cs .A I] 2 0 Ju n 20 17 cluding both classical time-series prediction models and neural network based algorithms (e.g., artificial neural network and LSTM). Furthermore, the consideration of exogenous variables in addition to passenger demand itself, such as the travel time rate, time-of-day, day-of-week, and weather conditions, is proven to be promising, since it reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) by 50.9%. It is also interesting to find that the feature selection reduces 30% in the dimension of predictors and leads to only 0.6% loss in the forecasting accuracy measured by RMSE in the proposed model. This paper is one of the first DL studies to forecast the short-term passenger demand of an on-demand ride service platform by examining the spatio-temporal correlations.
Pattern of substance use among schoolchildren in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Background: Tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use are significant health, psychological, and social problems among youth in Palestine. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the extent and the pattern of psychoactive substance use among schoolchildren in the West Bank in Palestine. A cross-sectional study in 16 schools was conducted in 2016. Eight hundred seventy-seven students of 10th grade were chosen randomly. Modified self-administrated questionnaire from Monitor the Future Study and European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs was used. Results: The most current substance used by schoolchildren was tobacco (40.6%), followed by alcohol (3.2%) and illicit drugs (2.0%). Around 59.7, 7.9, and 2.9% of the schoolchildren had tried, at least once in their lifetime, tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, respectively. Moreover, 11.1% of them who had not yet tried a substance intends to smoke tobacco, 1.4% intends to drink alcohol, and 0.3% intends to try illicit drugs. Curiosity and experience was the most frequent motivation for using these substances. The mean age of initiation was 12 years for smoking and 14 years for drinking alcohol or using illicit drugs. Most of the illicit drug users (78.3%) had tried more than one illicit drug or more than one substance at the same time. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids followed by amphetamines were the most commonly used drugs. Around 78.8%, 37.6%, and 27.6% agreed that tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, respectively, were easily accessible in their communities. Work was significantly associated with increased risk for substance use across various substances. Conclusion: Many factors had determined the danger of using psychoactive substances by Palestinian schoolchildren including the initiation age, the availability, the type of the substances used, and the frequency of the use, and using multiple substances at the same time. Curiosity and experience, peer pressure, families, and working were the most important motives. Health care professionals, clinicians, and ministries of education, health, and labor have key responsibilities in preventing substance use among youth and need to develop more effective prevention and cessation strategies. The Palestinian National Authority needs to make more efforts in smoking legislation regulating the age of access and smoking for youths and adults.
Ciencia y éthos . Una ética para el futuro (a propósito de la Diskursethik de Jürgen Habermas)/ Science and Éthos . An ethics turned to the future (about the Diskursethik of Jürgen Habermas)

Resumen: Se analiza la etica del discurso de Habermas para considerar dentro de la reflexion etica el cambio que la ciencia y la tecnologia generan en la sociedad. La Diskursethik no considera la historicidad del ser humano y mantiene la posicion kantiana que separa lo racional de lo fenomenico. Ante la negacion para conceder un valor a la ciencia que no sea su sometimiento a los dictados de la razon teorica, se presentan los rasgos fundamentales de una etica dinamica que contemple el futuro de la humanidad y la naturaleza como su terreno propio. Abstract: The Diskursethik of Jurgen Habermas is analysed in order to consider, in the field of Ethical reflection, the change that Science and Technology drive into Society. It is pointed out that Diskursethik does not take into account the historicity of human being and suscribes a kantian position that separate rationality from phenomenology. Facing Habermas´s denial to recognize a value to science different from its submission to dictum of theoretical reason, this paper offers the main features of a dynamical ethics which sees the future of humanity and nature as its own object.
ON ONE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTY OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELD IN THE FIELD THEORY

It is shown that the universal property of gravitational field to slow down the rate of time leads in the field theory to a fundamental property -- generation of effective forces of repulsion.
Esports Analytics Through Encounter Detection

Esports is computer games played in a competitive environment, and analytics in this domain is focused on player and team behavior. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games are among the most played digital games in the world. In these games, teams of players fight against each other in enclosed arena environments, with a complex gameplay focused on tactical combat. Here we present a technique for segmenting matches into spatio‐ temporally defined components referred to as encounters, enabling performance analysis. We apply encounter‐based analysis to match data from the popular esport game DOTA, and present win probability predictions based on encounters. Finally, metrics for evaluating team performance during match runtime are proposed.
A fast and energy-efficient level shifter with wide shifting range from sub-threshold up to I/O voltage

This paper presents a fast and energy-efficient current mirror based level shifter with wide shifting range from sub-threshold voltage up to I/O voltage. Small delay and low power consumption are achieved by addressing the non-full output swing and charge sharing issues in the level shifter from [4]. The measurement results show that the proposed level shifter can convert from 0.21V up to 3.3V with significantly improved delay and power consumption over the existing level shifters. Compared with [4], the maximum reduction of delay, switching energy and leakage power are 3X, 19X, 29X respectively when converting 0.3V to a higher voltage between 0.6V and 3.3V.
Prevention of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia with an antiperspirant in breast cancer patients treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (SAKK 92/08).

BACKGROUND
Elevated concentrations of doxorubicin are found in eccrine sweat glands of the palms and soles. We therefore evaluated an antiperspirant as preventive treatment for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand-foot syndrome) in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
An antiperspirant containing aluminum chlorohydrate or placebo cream was applied to the left or right hand and foot in a double-blinded manner (intra-patient randomization). The primary endpoint was the rate of grade 2 or 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. A secondary endpoint was the patient-reported symptom burden (tingling, numbness, pain, or skin problems). Using McNemar's matched pairs design, 53 patients were needed to detect a 20% difference between the treatment and placebo sides with a significance level of 5% and power of 90%.


RESULTS
Grade 2 or 3 PPE occurred in 30 (58%) of 52 evaluable patients; in six patients adverse effects occurred on the placebo side but not on the treatment side, whereas one patient developed palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia on the treatment side only (P = 0.07). Four patients developed grade 2 or 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia on their foot on the placebo side but not on the treatment side (P = 0.05). In the cohort with grade 2 or 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia there was a trend towards fewer dermatologic symptomatologies with the active treatment (P = 0.05), and no difference for other adverse events.


CONCLUSION
Using topical aluminum chlorohydrate as an antiperspirant appears to reduce the incidence of grade 2 or 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia following pegylated liposomal doxorubicin chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
Pair of Replacement Algorithms MFMR and AF-LRU on L1 and L2 Cache for Proxy Server

Access to the internet and WWW is growing extensively, which results in heavy network traffic. To reduce the network traffic proxy server is used. Proxy server reduces the load of server. If the cache replacement algorithm of proxy server’s cache is efficient then proxy server will be helpful to reduce the network traffic in more efficient manner. In this paper we are considering proxy server cache to be Level 1 (L1) cache and storage cache of proxy server to be Level 2 (L2) cache. For collecting the real trace proxy server is used in an organization. Log of proxy server gives the information of various URLs accessed by various clients with time. For performing experiments various URLs were given a numeric identity. This paper analyzes the behavior of various replacement algorithms. The replacement algorithms taken into consideration are Least Recently Used (LRU), Least Frequently Used (LFU), First In First Out (FIFO). This paper proposes a new Replacement Algorithm named MFMR (Most Frequent with Maximum Reusability) for L1 which works about 16% better than existing algorithms considered in this paper. This paper also proposes a new replacement policy for L2 named AF_LRU (Average Frequency, Least Recently Used). Simulation results shows that pair of MFMR and AF-LRU is approximately 28% better than other existing pairs of replacement algorithms considered. Key WordLevel 1 Cache (L1); Level 2 Cache (L2); web access pattern; Replacement Algorithm; Proxy server; client.
Characterization of telaprevir treatment outcomes and resistance in patients with prior treatment failure: results from the REALIZE trial.

UNLABELLED
In the Phase 3 REALIZE study, 662 genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with prior peginterferon/ribavirin treatment failure (including relapsers, partial, and null responders) were randomized to 12 weeks of telaprevir given immediately (T12/PR48) or following 4 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin (lead-in T12/PR48), or 12 weeks of placebo (PR48), combined with a total of 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were 64% (T12/PR48), 66% (lead-in T12/PR48), and 17% (PR48). This analysis aimed to characterize treatment outcomes and viral variants emerging in telaprevir-treated patients not achieving SVR. HCV NS3·4A population sequencing was performed at baseline, during treatment, and follow-up. Telaprevir-resistant variants were classified into lower-level (3- to 25-fold 50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50) ] increase: V36A/M, T54A/S, R155I/K/M/T, and A156S) and higher-level (>25-fold IC(50) increase: V36M+R155K and A156T/V) resistance. Resistant variants were uncommon at baseline. Overall, 18% (52%, 19%, and 1% of prior null and partial responders and relapsers, respectively) of telaprevir-treated patients had on-treatment virologic failure, with no significant difference with or without a lead-in. Virologic failure during the telaprevir-treatment phase was predominantly associated with higher-level resistance; virologic failure during the peginterferon/ribavirin-treatment phase was associated with higher- or lower-level, or wildtype variants, depending on genotype. Relapse occurred in 9% of patients completing assigned treatment and was generally associated with lower-level resistant variants or wildtype. Resistant variants were no longer detectable by study end (median follow-up of 11 months) in 58% of non-SVR patients.


CONCLUSION
In REALIZE, variants emerging in non-SVR, telaprevir-treated patients were similar irrespective of the use of a lead-in and were consistent with those previously reported. In most patients, resistant variants became undetectable over time.
The Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in Agriculture

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent technological developments used for precision agriculture. They provide high-resolution images taken from crops and when specific indices are applied, useful outputs for farm management decision-making are produced. The current paper provides a literature review on the use of UAVs in agriculture and specific applications are presented.
A simulation model for evaluating personnel schedules in a hospital emergency department

This paper describes an Arena simulation model of a particular hospital's emergency department. The model allows the simulation of the process flows of 13 different types of patients, and is used to evaluate various feasible schedules for nurses, technicians, and doctors. The main performance measure used in the evaluation process is the average length-of-stay of patients in the emergency department.