LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Identifying continence options after stroke (ICONS): a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial

BACKGROUND
Urinary incontinence (UI) affects half of patients hospitalised after stroke and is often poorly managed. Cochrane systematic reviews have shown some positive impact of conservative interventions (such as bladder training) in reducing UI, but their effectiveness has not been demonstrated with stroke patients.


METHODS
We conducted a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial of a systematic voiding programme (SVP) for the management of UI after stroke. Stroke services were randomised to receive SVP (n = 4), SVP plus supported implementation (SVP+, n = 4), or usual care (UC, n = 4).Feasibility outcomes were participant recruitment and retention. The main effectiveness outcome was presence or absence of UI at six and 12 weeks post-stroke. Additional effectiveness outcomes included were the effect of the intervention on different types of UI, continence status at discharge, UI severity, functional ability, quality of life, and death.


RESULTS
It was possible to recruit patients (413; 164 SVP, 125 SVP+, and 124 UC) and participant retention was acceptable (85% and 88% at six and 12 weeks, respectively). There was no suggestion of a beneficial effect on the main outcome at six (SVP versus UC: odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.94; SVP+ versus UC: OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.37) or 12 weeks (SVP versus UC: OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.93; SVP+ versus UC: OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.54 to 2.09).No secondary outcomes showed a strong suggestion of clinically meaningful improvement in SVP and/or SVP+ arms relative to UC at six or 12 weeks. However, at 12 weeks both intervention arms had higher estimated odds of continence than UC for patients with urge incontinence.


CONCLUSIONS
The trial has met feasibility outcomes of participant recruitment and retention. It was not powered to demonstrate effectiveness, but there is some evidence of a potential reduction in the odds of specific types of incontinence. A full trial should now be considered.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN08609907, date of registration: 7 July 2010.
Simultaneous State Initialization and Gyroscope Bias Calibration in Visual Inertial Aided Navigation

State of the art approaches for visual-inertial sensor fusion use filter-based or optimization-based algorithms. Due to the nonlinearity of the system, a poor initialization can have a dramatic impact on the performance of these estimation methods. Recently, a closed-form solution providing such an initialization was derived in [1]. That solution determines the velocity (angular and linear) of a monocular camera in metric units by only using inertial measurements and image features acquired in a short time interval. In this letter, we study the impact of noisy sensors on the performance of this closed-form solution. We show that the gyroscope bias, not accounted for in [1], significantly affects the performance of the method. Therefore, we introduce a new method to automatically estimate this bias. Compared to the original method, the new approach now models the gyroscope bias and is robust to it. The performance of the proposed approach is successfully demonstrated on real data from a quadrotor MAV.
PEA PEEL WASTE: A LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE AND ITS UTILITY IN CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY Trichoderma reesei UNDER SOLID STATE CULTIVATION

A wide variety of waste bioresources are available on our planet for conversion into bioproducts. In the biological systems, microorganisms are used to utilize waste as an energy source for the synthesis of valuable products such as biomass proteins and enzymes. The large quantities of byproducts generated during the processing of plant food involve an economic and environmental problem due to their high volumes and elimination costs. After isolation of the main constituent, there are abundant remains which represent an inexpensive material that has been undervalued until now. Pea peel waste is one of the undervalued, unused sources of energy that can serve as a potential source for cellulase production. Batch experiments have been performed, using pea peel waste as a carbon source for cellulase production under solid state cultivation by Trichoderma reesei. It was observed that 30 C temperature and pH 5.0 are the most favorable conditions for cellulase production by T. reesei. FPase activity significantly increases by incorporation of whey as well as wheat starch hydrolysate in the basal salt media used in the production study. The present study describes the utility of pea peel waste, whey as well as wheat starch hydrolysate in cellulase production by T. reesei. The utilization of economically cheap, pea peel waste for cellulase production could be a novel, cost effective, and valuable approach in cellulase production as well as in solid waste management.
The evolution of microstructure and microhardness of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu solders during high temperature aging

The changes in microstructure and microhardness of Sn-0.5%Ag, Sn-1.0%Ag, and Sn-0.7%Cu Pb-free solders were investigated during high temperature aging at 200°C for 2 h. As-solidified microstructures, revealed by cross-polarized light microscopy, consist of relatively large grains of β-Sn phase with twinned microstructure in both Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu solders. The bright-field light microscopy displays Sn-dendrite cellular structure in Sn-Ag, and a mixture of Sn-dendrite cells and the eutectic microstructure in Sn-Cu. Upon aging at 200°C, 2 h, Sn grains become smaller compared to the as-solidified ones. In addition, the microhardness of Sn-Ag solders surprisingly increases after the aging, while that of Sn-Cu solder decreases. Detailed inspection of the redistribution and coarsening of intermetallic particles in each system further explains this unusual response of mechanical properties during high temperature aging. In this study, it is demonstrated that the microhardness of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu solders is better correlated with the characteristics of their intermetallics, such as particle size, density and distribution, rather than Sn grain size.
Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theory: Indefinite Metric

We study the recently introduced Krein structure (indefinite metric) of the N = 1 supersymmetry and present the way into physical applications outside path integral methods. From the mathematical point of view some perspectives are mentioned at the end of the paper.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic versus total laparoscopic right colectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM
Laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal cancer is associated with definite short-term benefits, and is increasingly practised worldwide. The limitations of a pure laparoscopic approach include a relative lack of tactile feedback and long procedural time. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery was introduced in an attempt to facilitate operation by improving the tactile sensation. To date, there is no consensus as to which approach is better. Herein we conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy (HALC) with total laparoscopic colectomy (TLC) in the management of right-sided colonic cancer.


METHODS
Adult patients with carcinoma of the caecum and ascending colon were recruited and randomized to undergo either HALC or TLC. Measured outcomes included operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, postoperative morbidities, postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, disease recurrence and patient survival.


RESULTS
Sixty patients (HALC=30, TLC=30) were recruited. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, gender distribution, body mass index and final histopathological staging. No difference was observed between the groups in terms of operating time, conversion rate, operative blood loss, pain score and length of hospital stay. With a median follow-up of 27 to 33 months, no difference was observed in terms of disease recurrence, and the 5-year survival rates remained similar (83%vs 80%, P=0.923).


CONCLUSION
HALC is safe and feasible, but it does not show any significant benefits over TLC in terms of operating time and conversion rate. Routine use of the hand-assisted laparoscopic technique in right hemicolectomy is therefore not recommended.
Considerations for planning esthetic treatment with veneers involving no or minimal preparation.

BACKGROUND
Recently, some manufacturers, dental laboratories and practitioners have been marketing their "no-preparation" porcelain veneer systems as ones that will achieve results the same as or better than those seen with traditional veneers accomplished with tooth reduction. This case report describes case selection and esthetic treatment planning considerations for veneers involving no or minimal preparation.


CASE DESCRIPTION
A 30-year-old woman with erosion on the facial surfaces of her maxillary teeth sought treatment for esthetic improvement of her smile. The author evaluated the patient's goals, midline position and cant, lip position and fullness, color, incisal edge position, desired tooth contours and occlusion. Once the author determined the ideal final position of the teeth and compared it with their current position, he decided that the patient was a perfect candidate for no-preparation veneers.


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
To optimize the outcome, dentists should perform a complete esthetic examination before selecting and planning treatment for patients receiving porcelain veneers involving no or minimal preparation.
Fast Human Detection Using Motion Detection and Histogram of Oriented Gradients

This paper presents a real-time Human detection algorithm based on HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) features and SVM (Support Vector Machine) architecture. Motion detection is used to extract moving regions, which can be scanned by sliding windows; detecting moving region can subtract unnecessary sliding windows of static background regions under the surveillance conditions, then detection efficiency can be improved. Every sliding window is regarded as an individual image region and HOG features are calculated as classified eigenvectors. At last, the detected video objects can be categorized into predefined groups of humans and other objects by using SVM classifier. Experimental results from real-time video are provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Real-time electro-holography with parabolic mirrors for projecting floating 3D motion pictures

Aerial projection is a remarkable and promising technique for a lot of fields such as digital signage, amusement, entertainment, business scene, and so on. This is because floating images by aerial projection system can attract viewers. In particular, floating 3D motion pictures make impressions on viewers. Although there are many techniques to project floating 3D motion pictures, they require multiple projectors or mechanical rotating and scanning processing to project floating 3D images. Then we proposed and demonstrated an aerial projection system based on electroholography which can reconstruct 3D images without multiple projectors and mechanical processing [Kakue et al. 2015]. Although we achieved real-time reconstruction of 3D images in previous study, we only focused on acceleration of calculation. In this work, we aim to realize interactive reconstruction of floating 3D motion pictures by the electro-holographic display.
Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.

OBJECTIVE
In this study we examined the effectiveness of atomoxetine for the treatment of oppositional defiant disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.


METHODS
Patients were aged 6 to 12 years and met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with a Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subscale score above age and gender norms; Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale score of > or = 4; and Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised oppositional defiant disorder subscale score of > or = 15. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive 1.2 mg/kg per day of atomoxetine (n = 156) or placebo (n = 70) for 8 weeks. Treatment effect on oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms was measured by using the investigator-rated Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised.


RESULTS
Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring atomoxetine over placebo in the reduction of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised oppositional defiant disorder total scores. There were significant pairwise treatment differences at weeks 2 and 5 but not at week 8 postbaseline. A last-observation-carried-forward analysis showed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised scores at endpoint for the atomoxetine and placebo groups were significantly different for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms but not for oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Atomoxetine was superior to placebo in a last-observation-carried-forward analysis of Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores.


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms previous findings that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder show statistically and clinically significant improvement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and global clinical functioning when treated with atomoxetine. It remains uncertain, however, whether atomoxetine exerts a specific and enduring effect on oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.
Factors affecting the e-business adoption among the home-based businesses (HBBs) in Malaysia

Research in e-Business has been growing tremendously covering all related aspects such as adoption issues, eBusiness models, strategies, etc. This research aims to explore the potential of adopting e-Business for a micro size business operating from home called home-based businesses (HBBs). In Malaysia, the HBB industry started many years ago and were mostly monopolized by women or housewives managed as a part-time job to support their family economy. Today, things have changed. The availability of the Internet technology and the emergence of e-Business concept promote the evolution of HBBs, which have been adopted as another alternative as a professional career for women without neglecting their family needs especially the children. Although this study is confined to a limited sample size and within geographical biasness, the findings show that it concurs with previous large scale studies. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used and data were gathered using triangulation methods via interview, direct observation, document analysis and survey questionnaires. This paper discusses the literature review, research methods and findings pertaining to e-Business adoption factors that influence the HBBs in Malaysia. Keywords—e-Business, HBB, adoption factor, qualitative and quantitative
Multiple Constant Multiplication for Digit-Serial Implementation of Low Power FIR Filters

Multiple constant multiplication (MCM) is an efficient way of implementing several constant multiplications with the same input data. The coefficients are expressed using shifts, adders, and subtracters. By utilizing redundancy between the coefficients the number of adders and subtracters is reduced resulting in a low complexity implementation. However, for digit-serial arithmetic a shift requires a flip-flop, and, hence, the number of shifts should be taken into consideration as well. In this work we investigate the area, speed, power trade-offs for implementation of FIR filters using MCM and digit-serial arithmetic. We also introduce an algorithm for reducing both the number of adders and subtracters as well as the number of shifts. Key-Words: Multiple constant multiplication, Multiplier block, Multiplierless, Digit-serial arithmetic, FIR filter, Low power, Adder graph, Shift-and-add multiplication, Adder depth
CDTA-based quadrature oscillator design

In this paper, a quadrature oscillator topology is designed using CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) based allpass building blocks. Low-voltage CMOS realization of the CDTA element is also given, which is used to implement allpass filters. Resulting circuit is capable of working in supply rails between ±0,75V and total power consumption is just 0,75 mW. SPICE simulation results are supplied to verify the theoretical study.
Fabrication and evaluation of pH-modulated solid dispersion for telmisartan by spray-drying technique.

The present study was undertaken to overcome the problems associated with solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble ionizable drug, telmisartan (TMS). For these purposes, a solubility test was carried to select the appropriate formulation composition from various carriers and alkalizers. Solid dispersions (SDs) of TMS were prepared at different drug-to-carrier ratios by the spray-drying technique, and were characterized by dissolution and aqueous solubility studies. The optimum formulation was investigated by dissolution studies at different pH and water media and its solid state characterisations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In solubility and dissolution tests, all TMS-loaded pH-modulated SDs (pH(M)-SDs) exhibited marked improvement in the dissolution behavior when compared with crystalline TMS powder. The optimum formulation of pH(M)-SD consisted of TMS/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) K30/Na(2)CO(3) at a weight ratio of 2/0.5/3 and showed significant improvement in the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate by approximately 40,000- and 3-fold, respectively, compared to TMS powder. Solid-state characterization revealed the changed in crystallinity of TMS into amorphous state. Furthermore, area under the drug concentration time-curve (AUC) of TMS from the pH(M)-SD increased by 13.4- and 2.1-fold, compared with TMS powder and commercial product, respectively. According to these observations, taken together with dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviors, pH-modulated SD in the presence of an alkalizer for a poorly water-soluble ionizable drug, TMS, appeared to be efficacious for enhancing its bioavailability.
Reversing and Smoothing the Multinomial Naive Bayes Text Classifier

Abstract. The naive Bayes text classifier has long been a core technique in information retrieval and, more recently, it has emerged as a focus of research itself in machine learning. This paper is concerned with the naive Bayes text classifier in its multinomial model instantiation. This model and an “equivalent” reversed version proposed here are interpreted under the statistical framework of log-linear modelling. The reversed version provides an alternative way for parameter estimation, which (in a broad sense) is actually the main issue considered. The paper is to a large extent devoted to the study of the effects of parameter smoothing and document length normalization. For the purpose of parameter smoothing, we consider a standard smoothing method for text classification and two alternative techniques that are often used in the context of statistical language modelling for speech recognition. Empirical results are provided comparing these techniques and the effect of length normalization for both the multinomial model and its reversed version.
General modeling of the windings for multi-phase ac machines - Application for the analytical estimation of the mutual stator inductances for smooth air gap machines

This paper, which deals with the winding modeling of ac multi-phase machines with a regular distribution of the stator slots, details an original matrix modeling of the stator winding. First, the properties of the balanced multi-phase windings (with integral-slot and fractional-slot patterns) are analysed. The winding function approach, one of the most common way to model the winding distribution effects on the stator rotating field, is then introduced. For multi-phase machines, it will be shown that the pole number generated by the winding distribution depends on a new parameter: the circularity index. The discrete nature of the winding, imposed by the stator slots, leads to the development of a discrete modeling of the winding obtained from sampling the winding function: two matrices, the winding function matrix and the distribution function matrix, are introduced to characterize the multi-phase winding. This matrix approach is thus a concise way to calculate the winding factors and to estimate the set of self and mutual stator inductances for smooth air gap multi-phase machines. A particularly original method of obtaining an analytical expression for the leakage mutual inductance is described. The results are validated with two experimental 5-phase PM machines by using experimental measurements and numerical simulations.
Procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbations of asthma: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate whether the serum procalcitonin (PCT) level can be utilized to guide the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma.


METHODS
A total of 293 consecutive patients with suspected asthma attacks from February 2005 to July 2010 participated in this study. 225 patients completed the study. Serum PCT levels, and other inflammatory biomarkers of all patients were measured. In addition to the standard treatment, the control group received antibiotics according to the attending physicians' discretions, while the patients in the PCT group were treated with antibiotics according to serum PCT concentrations. Antibiotics usage was strongly discouraged when the PCT concentration was below 0.1 μg/L; discouraged when the PCT concentration was between 0.1 μg/L and 0.25 μg/L; or encouraged when the PCT concentration was above 0.25 μg/L. The primary endpoint was the determination of antibiotics usage. The second endpoints included the diagnostic accuracy of PCT and other laboratory biomarkers the effectiveness of asthma control, secondary ED visits, hospital re-admissions, repeated needs for steroids or dosage increase, needs for antibiotics, WBC count, PCT levels and FEV1%.


RESULTS
At baseline, two groups were identical regarding clinical, laboratory and symptom score. Probability of the antibiotics usage in the PCT group (46.1%) was lower than that in the control group (74.8%) (χ2 = 21.97, p < 0.001. RR = 0.561, 95% CI 0.441-0.713). PCT and IL-6 showed good diagnostic significance for bacterial asthma (r = 0.705, p = 0.003). The degrees of asthma control in patients were categorized to three levels and were comparable between the two groups at the six weeks follow-up period (χ2 = 1.62, p = 0.45). There were no significant difference regarding other secondary outcomes (p > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The serum PCT concentration can be used to effectively determine whether the acute asthma patients have bacterial infections in the respiratory tract, and to guide the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations, which may substantially reduce unnecessary antibiotic use without compromising the therapeutic outcomes.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ICTRP ChiCTR-TRC-12002534.