LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Immunoparalysis in patients with severe trauma and the effect of inhaled interferon-gamma.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the local immune status in patients with severe trauma and the influence of interferon-gamma on patients with immunoparalysis.


PATIENTS
Fifty-two mechanically ventilated patients with severe multiple trauma.


SETTING
A 14-bed polyvalent intensive care unit.


INTERVENTIONS
The local immune status was evaluated by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups: immunoparalyzed (group 1) and nonimmunoparalyzed (group 2). Immunoparalysis was defined as a decreased level of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression of alveolar macrophages in <30%. Patients with immunoparalysis were treated with 100 microg of inhaled recombinant human interferon-gamma, three times daily (group 1a, 11 patients) or placebo (group 1b, ten patients). A second bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained 3 days after the initiation of therapy.


MEASUREMENTS
The alterations in human leukocyte antigen-DR expression, as well as in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as platelet-aggregating factor, phospholipase A2, interleukin-1beta, platelet-aggregating factor acetylhydrolase, and interleukin-10, were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids.


RESULTS
In 21 of 52 (40%) patients, immunoparalysis was established. After interferon-gamma administration, the level of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression increased in group 1a from 17 +/- 5% to 46 +/- 9%. In parallel, platelet-aggregating factor and interleukin-1beta as well as the specific activities of phospholipase A2 and platelet-aggregating factor acetylhydrolase significantly increased. In contrast, interleukin-10 decreased after interferon-gamma therapy. In group 1b, no statistically significant changes appeared in the levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression or in the concentrations of inflammatory mediators. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly lower in group 1a than in group 1b. The administration of interferon-gamma did not affect the outcome of the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
A significant proportion of multiply injured patients developed immunoparalysis. The administration of interferon-gamma resulted in the recovery of levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in alveolar macrophages, influenced the inflammatory reaction, and decreased the incidence ventilator-associated pneumonia, without affecting the patients' outcome.
A MHO distance relay device in EMTPWorks

Distance relays are widely used for protection of transmission lines. Usually, the nonlinear nature of an arcing fault requires that a time model should be implemented to know if the relay detects or not this faulted condition. Moreover, the mutual effect of line conductors for single or multiphase faults requires that all three phases of the relay be modeled. This paper describes in detail a first generic MHO distance relay in EMTPWorks based on three separate single phase impedance vectors. Cosine-sine filters are used to perform the phasor representation of the fundamental current and voltage computed over a 60 Hz sliding time window. Validation of the measured impedance function of the model is compared with the real apparent impedance of the network. This paper also discusses logical operations to initiate the opening of line breakers.
Effectiveness of a Coordinated and Tailored Return-to-Work Intervention for Sickness Absence Beneficiaries with Mental Health Problems

Purpose Sickness absence and exclusion from the labour market due to mental health problems (MHPs) is a growing concern in many countries. Knowledge about effective return-to-work (RTW) intervention models is still limited, but a multidisciplinary, coordinated and tailored approach has shown promising results in the context of musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this approach as implemented among sickness absence beneficiaries with MHPs. Methods In a quasi-randomised, controlled trial, we assessed the intervention’s effect in terms of time to RTW and labour market status after 1 year. We used two different analytical strategies to compare time to RTW between participants receiving the intervention (n = 88) and those receiving conventional case management (n = 80): (1) a traditional multivariable regression analysis controlling for measured confounding, and (2) an instrumental variable (IV) analysis controlling for unmeasured confounding. Results The two analytical approaches provided similar results in terms of a longer time to RTW among recipients of the intervention (HR = 0.50; 95 % CI 0.34–0.75), although the estimate provided by the IV-analysis was non-significant (HR = 0.70; 95 % CI 0.23–2.12). After 1 year, more recipients of the intervention than of conventional case management were receiving sickness absence benefits (p = 0.031). Conclusion The intervention delayed RTW compared to conventional case management, after accounting for measured confounding. The delayed RTW may be due to either implementation or program failure, or both. It may also reflect the complexity of retaining employees with mental health problems in the workplace.
Feature-based Malicious URL and Attack Type Detection Using Multi-class Classification

Nowadays, malicious URLs are the common threat to the businesses, social networks, net-banking. Existing approaches have focused on binary detection i.e., either the URL is malicious or benign. Very few literature is found which focused on the detection of malicious URLs and their attack types. Hence, it becomes necessary to know the attack type and adopt an effective countermeasure. This paper proposes a methodology to detect malicious URLs and the type of attacks based on multi-class classification. In this work, we propose 42 new features of spam, phishing and malware URLs. These features are not considered in the earlier studies for malicious URLs detection and attack types identification. Binary and multi-class dataset is constructed using 49935 malicious and benign URLs. It consists of 26041 benign and 23894 malicious URLs containing 11297 malware, 8976 phishing and 3621 spam URLs. To evaluate the proposed approach, the state-of-the-art supervised batch and online machine learning classifiers are used. Experiments are performed on the binary and multi-class dataset using the aforementioned machine learning classifiers. It is found that, confidence weighted learning classifier achieves the best 98.44% average detection accuracy with 1.56% error-rate in the multi-class setting and 99.86% detection accuracy with negligible error-rate of 0.14% in binary setting using our proposed URL features. c © 2018 ISC. All rights reserved.
Simultaneous confocal laser endomicroscopy and chromoendoscopy with topical cresyl violet.

BACKGROUND
Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has been shown to reliably predict histology during ongoing endoscopy. To unmask lesions for CLE, chromoendoscopy has been mandated. Usually fluorescein then serves as a contrast agent for CLE, but it does not allow direct nuclear visualization, must be injected, leads to a transient skin discoloration, and may have allergic side effects.


OBJECTIVE
To establish a single topical dye, cresyl violet (CV), for simultaneous chromoendoscopy and in vivo CLE of the lower GI tract.


DESIGN
Animal preclinical study, prospective clinical trial.


SETTING
Mainz University Clinic (tertiary care center). PATIENTS, METHODS, AND INTERVENTIONS: To establish the staining characteristics and optimal concentration of CV, the ileum and colon of 7 BL6 mice were stained with CV (0.1%-2%), and in vivo confocal imaging was performed with FIVE1. In a subsequent clinical trial, 67 sites in 36 patients were topically stained with CV 0.13%, and subsurface serial images were generated at different depths with an endomicroscope.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Prediction of histology according to the Mainz confocal classification and nuclear visualization with topical CV.


RESULTS
Endomicroscopy with topical CV yielded (sub-)cellular details of normal mucosa, and regenerative and neoplastic changes at variable imaging depths in high resolution comparable to those with intravenous fluorescein. By cytoplasmic enrichment of CV, nuclear morphology could be negatively visualized. Reliable differentiation of nonneoplastic versus neoplastic changes during ongoing endoscopy and a high interobserver agreement based on the microscopic images generated in vivo could be achieved.


LIMITATIONS
Single-center study, nonrandomized, limited number of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
CV can be applied topically and allows simultaneous chromoendoscopy and endomicroscopy with accurate prediction of histology with visualization of nuclear morphology. It may therefore be a single-agent alternative to chromoendoscopy and fluorescein in endomicroscopy.
A Fuzzy linguistic prolog and its applications

In this work a fuzzy linguistic prolog language is presented and its design, implementation and applications are detailed. A fuzzy linguistic prolog is a fuzzy prolog which allows to work with both fuzzy linguistic and linguistic tools in order to gear the prolog systems towards the computing with words paradigm in which the linguistic resources can be very useful.
Analyses of Water Samples From the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Documentation of the Subsurface Plume

Monitoring and M A Record-Breakin Geophysical Mon Copyright 2011 b 10.1029/2011GM Surface and subsurface water samples were collected in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) wellhead in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed for a toxic component, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using total scanning fluorescence (TSF) and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). An aliquot of fresh, floating oil from a surface sample was used as a DWH oil reference standard. Twelve of 19 samples collected from 24 May 2010 to 6 June 2010 on the R/V Walton Smith cruise contained TSF maximum intensities above background (0.7 μg L 1 based on 1 L sample size). These 12 samples had total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations as measured by quantitative gas chromatography flame ionization detector (FID) ranging from 2 to 442 μg L . Quantitative GC/MS analysis of these 12 samples resulted in total PAH concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 59 μg L . Low molecular weight, more water-soluble naphthalene and alkylated naphthalene dominated the PAH composition patterns for 11 of the 12 water samples. Sample 12 exhibited substantially reduced concentrations of naphthalenes relative to other PAH compounds. The total PAH concentrations were positively correlated (R = 0.80) with the TSF maximum intensity (MI). TSF is a simple, rapid technique providing an accurate prediction of the amount of PAH present in a sample. TSFderived estimates of the relative contribution of PAH present in the oil provided evidence that PAH represented ~10% of the higher molecular weight TPH. The subsurface oil plume was confirmed by the analyses of discrete water samples for TSF, TPH, and PAH.
Incomplete Preference-driven Web Service Selection

Selecting services from those available according to user preferences plays a important role in Web services composition. Current solutions for service selection focus on selecting services quantitatively. In many domains it is desirable to assess such preference in a qualitative rather than quantitative way. Furthermore, in many practical situations, if the user is reluctant to provide complete preference information or to totally order the values of each attributes in every possible context, it is natural to ask how to model in these incompletely specified cases. This paper uses a qualitative graphical representation tool, called CP-nets, to describe qualitative preference relations in a relatively compact, intuitive, and structured manner under conditional ceteris paribus (all else being equal) preference statements. Our goal is to select the optimal set of services available according to user preference with this technique. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of this approach.
Non-invasive brain stimulation and robot-assisted gait training after incomplete spinal cord injury: A randomized pilot study.

BACKGROUND
Locomotor training with a robot-assisted gait orthosis (LT-RGO) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are interventions that can significantly enhance motor performance after spinal cord injury (SCI). No studies have investigated whether combining these interventions enhances lower extremity motor function following SCI.


OBJECTIVE
Determine whether active tDCS paired with LT-RGO improves lower extremity motor function more than a sham condition, in subjects with motor incomplete SCI.


METHODS
Fifteen adults with SCI received 36 sessions of either active (n = 9) or sham (n = 6) tDCS (20 minutes) preceding LT-RGO (1 hour). Outcome measures included manual muscle testing (MMT; primary outcome measure); 6-Minute Walk Test (6MinWT); 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT); Timed Up and Go Test (TUG); Berg Balance Scale (BBS); and Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III).


RESULTS
MMT showed significant improvements after active tDCS, with the most pronounced improvement in the right lower extremity. 10MWT, 6MinWT, and BBS showed improvement for both groups. TUG and SCIM-III showed improvement only for the sham tDCS group.


CONCLUSION
Pairing tDCS with LT-RGO can improve lower extremity motor function more than LT-RGO alone. Future research with a larger sample size is recommended to determine longer-term effects on motor function and activities of daily living.
Breast cancer mortality in organised mammography screening in Denmark: comparative study

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the previously observed 25% reduction in breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen following the introduction of mammography screening was indeed due to screening, by using an additional screening region and five years additional follow-up.


DESIGN
We used Poisson regression analyses adjusted for changes in age distribution to compare the annual percentage change in breast cancer mortality in areas where screening was used with the change in areas where it was not used during 10 years before screening was introduced and for 10 years after screening was in practice (starting five years after introduction of screening).


SETTING
Copenhagen, where mammography screening started in 1991, and Funen county, where screening was introduced in 1993. The rest of Denmark (about 80% of the population) served as an unscreened control group.


PARTICIPANTS
All Danish women recorded in the Cause of Death Register and Statistics Denmark for 1971-2006.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Annual percentage change in breast cancer mortality in regions offering mammography screening and those not offering screening.


RESULTS
In women who could benefit from screening (ages 55-74 years), we found a mortality decline of 1% per year in the screening areas (relative risk (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.01) during the 10 year period when screening could have had an effect (1997-2006). In women of the same age in the non-screening areas, there was a decline of 2% in mortality per year (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) in the same 10 year period. In women who were too young to benefit from screening (ages 35-55 years), breast cancer mortality during 1997-2006 declined 5% per year (RR 0.95, CI 0.92 to 0.98) in the screened areas and 6% per year (RR 0.94, CI 0.92 to 0.95) in the non-screened areas. For the older age groups (75-84 years), there was little change in breast cancer mortality over time in both screened and non-screened areas. Trends were less clear during the 10 year period before screening was introduced, with a possible increase in mortality in women aged less than 75 years in the non-screened regions.


CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to find an effect of the Danish screening programme on breast cancer mortality. The reductions in breast cancer mortality we observed in screening regions were similar or less than those in non-screened areas and in age groups too young to benefit from screening, and are more likely explained by changes in risk factors and improved treatment than by screening mammography.
Cardioprotective effects of single oral dose of nicorandil before selective percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVE
Nicorandil, an opener of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, was used to treat angina in patients with coronary artery disease. In this study, we aim to investigate the cardioprotective effects of single oral dose of nicorandil in patients undergoing selective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


METHODS
One hundred and thirty-eight patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI from July 2011 to October 2012 were randomly divided into control group (group 1, n = 47), 10 mg oral nicorandil group (group 2, n = 45), and 20 mg oral nicorandil group (group 3, n = 46) about 2 hours before procedure, respectively. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were determined at 20 ~ 24 hours after PCI.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the rate of any cTnI elevation among the three groups (group 1: 36.17%, group 2: 20.00%, group 3: 15.22%, p = 0.0176). With respect to the frequency of cTnI elevation ≥ 3 and 5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN), there also had statistical difference among the three groups (17.02% in group 1, 8.89% in group 2, and 4.35% in group 3, respectively for cTnI elevation ≥ 3 × ULN, p = 0.0428; 12.77% in group 1, 6.67% in group 2, and 2.17% in group 3, respectively, for cTnI elevation ≥ 5 × ULN, p = 0.0487). Logistic regression analysis showed that LVEF (OR = 0.915, 95% CI = 0.853-0.981) and the use of nicorandil (OR = 0.516, 95% CI = 0.267-0.996) before PCI were independent protective factors of myocardial injury.


CONCLUSION
Single oral dose of nicorandil (10 mg, 20 mg) 2 hours before the PCI procedure could decrease the incidence of peri-procedure myocardial injury and PCI-related myocardial infarction.
The Role of Focal Therapy in the Management of Localised Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT
The incidence of localised prostate cancer is increasing worldwide. In light of recent evidence, current, radical, whole-gland treatments for organ-confined disease have being questioned with respect to their side effects, cancer control, and cost. Focal therapy may be an effective alternative strategy.


OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the existing literature on baseline characteristics of the target population; preoperative evaluation to localise disease; and perioperative, functional, and disease control outcomes following focal therapy.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Medline (through PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Review databases were searched from inception to 31 October 2012. In addition, registered but not yet published trials were retrieved. Studies evaluating tissue-preserving therapies in men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer in the primary or salvage setting were included.


EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A total of 2350 cases were treated to date across 30 studies. Most studies were retrospective with variable standards of reporting, although there was an increasing number of prospective registered trials. Focal therapy was mainly delivered to men with low and intermediate disease, although some high-risk cases were treated that had known, unilateral, significant cancer. In most of the cases, biopsy findings were correlated to specific preoperative imaging, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging or Doppler ultrasound to determine eligibility. Follow-up varied between 0 and 11.1 yr. In treatment-naïve prostates, pad-free continence ranged from 95% to 100%, erectile function ranged from 54% to 100%, and absence of clinically significant cancer ranged from 83% to 100%. In focal salvage cases for radiotherapy failure, the same outcomes were achieved in 87.2-100%, 29-40%, and 92% of cases, respectively. Biochemical disease-free survival was reported using a number of definitions that were not validated in the focal-therapy setting.


CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review highlights that, when focal therapy is delivered with intention to treat, the perioperative, functional, and disease control outcomes are encouraging within a short- to medium-term follow-up. Focal therapy is a strategy by which the overtreatment burden of the current prostate cancer pathway could be reduced, but robust comparative effectiveness studies are now required.
The effect of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on antiretroviral therapeutic adherence and mental health in women infected with HIV/AIDS.

AIM
To identify the effectiveness of rational-emotive-behavior-based therapy (REBT-based therapy) on improved mental health and antiretroviral (ART) therapeutic adherence in women infected with HIV/AIDS (female subjects with HIV/AIDS).


METHODS
A randomized and single-blinded clinical trial in women infected with HIV/AIDS who had their treatment at the outpatient clinic of Pokdiksus AIDS RSCM and at the AIDS Comprehensive Diagnostic Unit of Dharmais Hospital was conducted between October 2011 and March 2012. A block randomization of 160 female subjects with AIDS was performed that resulted in a REBT-based treatment group (n=80) and a control group (n=80). The treatment group received REBT-based intervention of 8 sessions weekly including 6 individual-therapeutic sessions/week and 2 group-therapeutic sessions/week. Instruments used in the study were questionnaires on demography, ART adherence (measured by self report and pill count), and mental health (SRQ-20). Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test, Generalized Linear Model, and Generalized Estimating Equations.


RESULTS
There were 148 respondents analyzed including in the REBT-based group (n=72) and in the control group (n=76) with mean age of 33-34 years. After 8 weeks of REBT-based intervention, there was improved (increased) mean value of the self-reported adherence score (self-report) compared to control group (100%; CI 95%,83.3-96.7 vs. 84%; CI 95%,77.5-87.8) and improved (decreased) SRQ-20 mean score in REBT-based treatment group compared to control group (2.9; CI 95%, 2.7-13.0 vs. 5.4; CI 95%: 5.0-13.6). ART adherence based on viral load titer was not analyzed in both group since most of VL titer were undetected (<400 copies/mL). GLM analysis showed decreased SRQ-20 mean score and increased mean value of self-reported ART adherence (self-report) in the REBT-based treatment group, which were more significant (p<0.000) than control group on the 8th week. GEE analysis showed that 1 point decrement of SRQ-20 would increase self-reported ART adherence as much as 0.722 point and the correlation was statistically significant (p<0.00).


CONCLUSION
After 8 weeks of REBT-based intervention to female subjects with HIV/AIDS, there is a decrease of SRQ-20 mean score which may result in increased ART adherence mean score in the treatment group compared to the control.