LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Tissue-oxygenation assessment using near-infrared spectroscopy during severe sepsis: confounding effects of tissue edema on StO2 values

Measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in critically ill septic patients may be able to detect occult hemodynamic abnormalities that cannot be detected using standard monitoring techniques [1]. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been developed after studies indicating that biological tissues are transparent to light in the near-infrared region and that oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) have significantly different spectra [2]. The use of near-infrared light to measure tissue oxygenation in healthy human subjects has been extensively validated [3, 4]. Several studies have indicated that disturbances in tissue oxygenation are related to the development of multiple organ failure in critically ill trauma patients [5]. Girardis et al. demonstrated that oxygenation at the brachioradialis muscle is disturbed in septic patients compared with healthy controls [6]. However, to our knowledge, no data on the validity of measuring tissue oxygenation using NIRS in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock have been reported so far. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the degree of edema in patients with severe septic shock is a confounding effect to the measurement of StO2 in different muscle compartments. The hypothesis was that the level of edema in the muscle during septic shock would influence the level of muscle StO2 measured by NIRS. StO2 values were calculated from the formula StO2 = HbO2/ (HbO2 + Hb) × 100, in which HbO2 and Hb were measured using an optical cable 25-mm probe attached to the NIR Model 325 InSpectra Tissue Spectrometer (Hutchinson Technology, Hutchinson, MN, USA), using wavelengths of 680–800 nm. StO2 values were determined at one place during a minimum of 5 min at the left and right deltoid muscles and the brachial and thenar muscles of the upper extremity and at the left and right vastus and gastrocnemius muscles of the lower extremity. Levels of edema and tissue thickness (from skin to muscle) in these compartments were determined using echography. These measurements were performed 48 h after ICU admission in patients with
Academic Life And Teaching In Post-Reformation Lutheranism

This chapter presents a history of post-Reformation Lutheran university life and teaching, focusing on the period from Melanchthon's death (1560) to the end of the 17th century. Since many of the patterns that shaped this period originated in a late-medieval shift in university culture, the chapter begins with a look back at these macro-historical trends. While previous efforts to portray early-modern Lutheran university culture have focused either on its material history or its intellectual history, the present approach regards the two as inextricably related and strives toward a more integrative view. The chapter provides both a useful introduction and a fresh perspective on this exciting period of early Lutheran history. As early-modern German societies developed into absolutist states, the politics of confessionalization provided an encompassing cultural context for much of private and public life. Keywords:academic life; confessionalization; early-modern German societies; post-reformation Lutheranism
Personality development through natural language

Ego level is a broad construct that summarizes individual differences in personality development 1 . We examine ego level as it is represented in natural language, using a composite sample of four datasets comprising nearly 44,000 responses. We find support for a developmental sequence in the structure of correlations between ego levels, in analyses of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) categories 2 and in an examination of the individual words that are characteristic of each level. The LIWC analyses reveal increasing complexity and, to some extent, increasing breadth of perspective with higher levels of development. The characteristic language of each ego level suggests, for example, a shift from consummatory to appetitive desires at the lowest stages, a dawning of doubt at the Self-aware stage, the centrality of achievement motivation at the Conscientious stage, an increase in mutuality and intellectual growth at the Individualistic stage and some renegotiation of life goals and reflection on identity at the highest levels of development. Continuing empirical analysis of ego level and language will provide a deeper understanding of ego development, its relationship with other models of personality and individual differences, and its utility in characterizing people, texts and the cultural contexts that produce them. A linguistic analysis of nearly 44,000 responses to the Washington University Sentence Completion Test elucidates the construct of ego development (personality development through adulthood) and identifies unique linguistic markers of each level of development.
PERFECTOID SPACES: A SURVEY

This paper, written in relation to the Current Developments in Mathematics 2012 Conference, discusses the recent papers on perfectoid spaces. Apart from giving an introduction to their content, it includes some open questions, as well as complements to the results of the previous papers.
Variables associated with patient activation in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Identifying variables associated with patient activation in the multiple sclerosis population could serve to facilitate better multiple sclerosis self-management behaviors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 199 participants were recruited from a multiple sclerosis center in the Southeastern United States. Depression, multiple sclerosis quality of life, and multiple Sclerosis self-efficacy were all significantly correlated with patient activation. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that patient activation was significantly related to educational attainment, depression, and self-efficacy but not to quality of life. The results suggest several possible targets for intervention to increase patient activation, including health literacy, depression symptoms, and self-efficacy for multiple sclerosis disease management.
Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment

The chemical contamination of water from a wide range of toxic derivatives, in particular heavy metals, aromatic molecules and dyes, is a serious environmental problem owing to their potential human toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can remove toxic pollutants found in wastewaters. Among all the treatments proposed, adsorption is one of the more popular methods for the removal of pollutants from the wastewater. Adsorption is a procedure of choice for treating industrial effluents, and a useful tool for protecting the environment. In particular, adsorption on natural polymers and their derivatives are known to remove pollutants from water. The increasing number of publications on adsorption of toxic compounds by modified polysaccharides shows that there is a recent increasing interest in the synthesis of new low-cost adsorbents used in wastewater treatment. The present review shows the recent developments in the synthesis of adsorbents containing polysaccharides, in particular modified biopolymers derived from chitin, chitosan, starch and cyclodextrin. New polysaccharide based-materials are described and their advantages for the removal of pollutants from the wastewater discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide recent information about the most important features of these polymeric materials and to show the advantages gained from the use of adsorbents containing modified biopolymers in waste water treatment. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cloud-based service for secure Electronic Medical Record exchange

The importance of healthcare information technology has increased dramatically during the past few years. Researchers, developers, and companies have placed efforts to develop mobile, web, desktop, and enterprise e-health applications. This development raised the importance of interoperability and data exchange between e-health applications and Health Information Systems (HIS), which resulted in increased concerns for securing sensitive data and data exchange. This paper emphasizes standardizing a data exchange mechanism and interoperability between HISs and e-health applications across a cloud-based service. The proposed service provides a single point of entry for retrieving Electronic Medical Records (EMR) among the various HISs that a patient record is stored in and for any e-health application seeking such information. Moreover, this research proposes a unified secure platform that provides developers, health care providers, and organizations access to a framework to retrieve and manage medical records and Personal Health Records (PHR) among various subscribers. The proposed service and platform have been qualitatively evaluated among a sample of physicians, patients, and hospital administrators from the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. Results are promising and a prototype implementation is underway.
Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prognostic value of short-latency median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in outcome prediction for comatose cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia.


DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial of mild hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; a substudy of the European Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest study.


SETTING
Intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital (Helsinki University Central Hospital).


PATIENTS
Sixty consecutive patients (aged 18-75 yrs) resuscitated from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation and comatose at 24 hrs after cardiac arrest; all patients were randomly assigned either to therapeutic hypothermia of 33 degrees C or normothermia.


INTERVENTIONS
All patients received standard intensive care for at least 2 days. Patients randomized to hypothermia were cooled with an external cooling device for 24 hrs and then allowed to rewarm slowly for 12 hrs. In the normothermia group, the core temperature was kept below 38 degrees C with antipyretics and by physical means. The clinical outcome was assessed 6 months after cardiac arrest.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Somatosensory evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded 24-28 hrs after cardiac arrest. All wave latencies were significantly prolonged in the hypothermia group. Bilaterally absent N20 waves predicted permanent coma with a specificity of 100% in both treatment groups. Brainstem auditory evoked potential recordings did not correlate with the outcome in either treatment group.


CONCLUSIONS
The prognostic ability of median nerve short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials does not seem to be affected by therapeutic hypothermia. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials had no additional value in outcome prediction.
Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic renal failure in dogs.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a diet used for dogs with renal failure (renal food [RF]) was superior to an adult maintenance food (MF) in minimizing uremic crises and mortality rate in dogs with spontaneous chronic renal failure.


DESIGN
Double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial.


ANIMALS
38 dogs with spontaneous chronic renal failure.


PROCEDURE
Dogs were randomly assigned to a group fed adult MF or a group fed RF and evaluated for up to 24 months. The 2 groups were of similar clinical, biochemical, and hematologic status. The effects of diets on uremic crises and mortality rate were compared. Changes in renal function were evaluated by use of serial evaluation of serum creatinine concentrations and reciprocal of serum creatinine concentrations.


RESULTS
Compared with the MF, the RF had a beneficial effect regarding uremic crises and mortality rate in dogs with mild and moderate renal failure. Dogs fed the RF had a slower decline in renal function, compared with dogs fed the MF.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dietary modifications are beneficial in minimizing extrarenal manifestations of uremia and mortality rate in dogs with mild and moderate spontaneous chronic renal failure. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that delay in development of uremic crises and associated mortality rate in dogs fed RF was associated, at least in part, with reduction in rate of progression of renal failure.
Coherent and importance sampled LVC BDPT on the GPU

Bidirectional path tracing (BDPT) can render highly realistic scenes with complicated lighting scenarios. The Light Vertex Cache (LVC) based BDPT method by Davidovic et al. [Davidovič et al. 2014] provided good performance on scenes with simple materials in a progressive rendering scenario. In this paper, we propose a new bidirectional path tracing formulation based on the LVC approach that handles scenes with complex, layered materials efficiently on the GPU. We achieve coherent material evaluation while conserving GPU memory requirements using sorting. We propose a modified method for selecting light vertices using the contribution importance which improves the image quality for a given amount of work. Progressive rendering can empower artists in the production pipeline to iterate and preview their work quickly. We hope the work presented here will enable the use of GPUs in the production pipeline with complex materials and complicated lighting scenarios.
Biomarkers in relation to the effects of ticagrelor in comparison with clopidogrel in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients managed with or without in-hospital revascularization: a substudy from the Prospective Randomized Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial.

BACKGROUND
Risk stratification and the use of specific biomarkers have been proposed for tailoring treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). We investigated the prognostic importance of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in relation to randomized treatment (ticagrelor versus clopidogrel) and management strategy (with or without revascularization) in the NSTE-ACS subgroup of the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Of 18 624 patients in the PLATO trial, 9946 had an entry diagnosis of NSTE-ACS and baseline blood samples available. During index hospitalization, 5357 were revascularized, and 4589 were managed without revascularization. Hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 were determined and assessed according to predefined cutoff levels. Median follow-up was 9.1 months. Increasing levels of hs-TnT were associated with increasing risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in medically managed patients (P<0.001), but not in those managed invasively. NT-proBNP and GDF-15 levels were associated with the same events independent of management strategy. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel reduced the rate of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with NSTE-ACS and hs-TnT ≥14.0 ng/L in both invasively and noninvasively managed patients; in patients with hs-TnT <14.0 ng/L, there was no difference between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the noninvasive group


CONCLUSIONS
Hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 are predictors of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with NSTE-ACS managed noninvasively, and NT-proBNP and GDF-15 also in those managed invasively. Elevated hs-TnT predicts substantial benefit of ticagrelor over clopidogrel both in invasively and noninvasively managed patients, but no apparent benefit was seen at normal hs-TnT.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00391872.
Characterization of hafnium oxide resistive memory layers deposited on copper by atomic layer deposition

Abstract Hafnium oxide-based resistive memory devices have been fabricated on copper bottom electrodes. The HfO x active layers in these devices were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 250 °C with tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium(IV) as the metal precursor and an O 2 plasma as the reactant. Depth profiles of the HfO x by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed a copper concentration on the order of five atomic percent throughout the HfO x film. In addition to the Cu doped HfO x , a thin layer (20 nm) of Cu x O is present at the surface. This surface layer is believed to have formed during the ALD process, and greatly complicates the analysis of the switching mechanism. The resistive memory structures fabricated from the ALD HfO x exhibited non-polar resistive switching, independent of the top metal electrode (Ni, Pt, Al, Au). Resistive switching current voltage (I–V) curves were analyzed using Schottky emission and ionic hopping models to gain insight into the physical mechanisms underpinning the device behavior. During the forming process it was determined that, at voltages in excess of 2.5 V, an ionic hopping model is in good agreement with the I–V data. The extracted ion hopping distance ~ 4 A was within the range of interatomic spacing of HfO 2 during the forming process consistent with ionic motion of Cu 2 + ions. Lastly the on state I–V data was dominated at larger voltages by Schottky emission with an estimated barrier height of ~ 0.5 eV and a refractive index of 2.59. The consequence of the Schottky emission analysis indicates the on state resistance to be a product of a Pt/Cu 2 O/Cu filament(s)/Cu 2 O/Cu structure.
The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level 1) to discriminate elite junior Australian football players.

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery (IR) Test is currently used to assess endurance performance in team sport athletes. However, to date, no data has been presented on its application to an elite junior Australian football (AF) playing group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (IR1) ability to discriminate between junior AF players at two different playing standards and a group of non-athletic healthy males. Sixty age matched participants (16.6+/-0.5 years) spread over three groups (20 per group): elite junior footballers; sub-elite junior footballers; and non-athletic healthy males participated in this study. Participants undertook a single Yo-Yo test performance on an indoor basketball court for each group. A one-way ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc analysis revealed the elite junior footballers covered a significantly greater total distance (p<0.001) and completed a significantly greater number of high-intensity efforts (p<0.001) in comparison to their sub-elite counterparts, whilst both AF groups performed significantly better (p<0.001) than the non-athletic healthy males. This study demonstrates the ability of the Yo-Yo IR1 to discriminate endurance performance between elite and sub-elite AF players, whilst further distinguishing AF players from a non-athletic healthy control group.
SPIM S20: A MIPS R2000 Simulator

SPIM S20 is a simulator that runs programs for the MIPS R2000/R3000 RISC computers. SPIM can read and immediately execute files containing assembly language. SPIM is a selfcontained system for running these programs and contains a debugger and interface to a few operating system services. The architecture of the MIPS computers is simple and regular, which makes it easy to learn and understand. The processor contains 32 general-purpose 32-bit registers and a well-designed instruction set that make it a propitious target for generating code in a compiler. However, the obvious question is: why use a simulator when many people have workstations that contain a hardware, and hence significantly faster, implementation of this computer? One reason is that these workstations are not generally available. Another reason is that these machine will not persist for many years because of the rapid progress leading to new and faster computers. Unfortunately, the trend is to make computers faster by executing several instructions concurrently, which makes their architecture more difficult to understand and program. The MIPS architecture may be the epitome of a simple, clean RISC machine. In addition, simulators can provide a better environment for low-level programming than an actual machine because they can detect more errors and provide more features than an actual computer. For example, SPIM has an X-window interface that is better than most debuggers for the actual machines.
Social-emotional screening status in early childhood predicts elementary school outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
The goal was to examine whether children who screen positive for social-emotional/behavioral problems at 12 to 36 months of age are at elevated risk for social-emotional/behavioral problems in early elementary school.


METHODS
The sample studied (N = 1004) comprised an ethnically (33.3% minority) and socioeconomically (17.8% living in poverty and 11.3% living in borderline poverty) diverse, healthy, birth cohort from a metropolitan region of the northeastern United States. When children were 12 to 36 months of age (mean age: 23.8 months; SD: 7.1 months), parents completed the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment and questions concerning their level of worry about their child's behavior, emotions, and social development. When children were in early elementary school (mean age: 6.0 years; SD: 0.4 years), parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and teachers completed the Teacher Report Form regarding behavioral problems. In a subsample (n = 389), parents reported child psychiatric status.


RESULTS
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment screen status and parental worry were associated significantly with school-age symptoms and psychiatric disorders. In multivariate analyses that included Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment status and parental worry, Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment scores significantly predicted all school-age problems, whereas worry predicted only parent reports with the Child Behavior Checklist. Children with of-concern scores on the problem scale of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment were at increased risk for parent-reported subclinical/clinical levels of problems and for psychiatric disorders. Low competence scores predicted later teacher-reported subclinical/clinical problems and parent-reported disorders. Worry predicted parent-reported subclinical/clinical problems. Moreover, the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment identified 49.0% of children who exhibited subclinical/clinical symptoms according to teachers and 67.9% of children who later met the criteria for a psychiatric disorder.


CONCLUSIONS
Screening with a standardized tool in early childhood has the potential to identify the majority of children who exhibit significant emotional/behavioral problems in early elementary school.
Model and design of PCB winding parallel for planar transformer

In this article, the effect of different paralleling strategies, 1D field has been adopted, and a software has been developed to calculate the AC loss and leakage inductance. The problem and causes for unequal current sharing among parallel layers are discussed in this paper.
Intelligent trading using support vector regression and multilayer perceptrons optimized with genetic algorithms

This paper proposes an intelligent trading system using support vector regression optimized by genetic algorithms (SVR-GA) and multilayer perceptron optimized with GA (MLP-GA). Experimental results show that both approaches outperform conventional trading systems without prediction and a recent fuzzy trading system in terms of final equity and maximum drawdown for Hong Kong Hang Seng stock index.