LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
<ce:italic>In vivo</ce:italic> occipital–frontal temperature-gradient in schizophrenia patients and its possible association with psychopathology: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

BACKGROUND
Accumulating data suggest that schizophrenia patients' mental status might be modulated by their core/brain temperature. Hence, we intended to assess in vivo brain temperature (Tb) of schizophrenia patients vs. healthy subjects and to evaluate its potential association with patients' mental status.


METHODS
Absolute values of Tb were measured in 9 neuroleptic-treated schizophrenia patients and 10 healthy comparison subjects using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Values were extracted by measuring the chemical shift between the peaks of water and N-acetyl-aspartate in the 1H MRS spectra.


RESULTS
A substantial (about 1.1 degrees C) and significantly higher occipital-frontal temperature-gradient was found in the schizophrenia patients compared to the healthy controls (1.27 degrees C vs. 0.18 degrees C; p=0.032). Furthermore, a trend was found between the above mentioned occipital-frontal temperature-gradient in the schizophrenia patients and the severity of their psychopathology, as assessed by the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores (r=0.61; p=0.08).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings corroborate previous results indicating putative correlation between core/brain temperature and the mental status of schizophrenia patients, emphasizing the possible role of within patients decreased frontal temperature and a significant occipital-frontal temperature-gradient as modulators of psychopathology. In addition, the MRS technique used for brain temperature assessment seems to be a potential non-invasive method to assess in vivo absolute Tb in schizophrenia.
Perinatal Outcome in Unbooked Teenage Pregnancies in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Background. Teenage pregnancy being a high risk condition requires skilled attention for good outcome. Objectives. To determine the influence of antenatal care on perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies in Calabar. Materials and Methods. A review of patient records in Calabar was conducted between 1st January, 2006 and 31st December, 2010, to determine perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancy. Results. Teenage pregnancy accounted for 644 (6.5%) of the total deliveries with 245 (38.0%) booked while 399 (62.0%) were unbooked. Teenage mothers contributed significantly to the proportion of women who were delivered without prior antenatal care (χ(2) = 6.360; P < 0.05). The mean duration of labour in booked teenagers was 10.85 ± 4.2 hours, while unbooked teenagers was 23.31 ± 3.6 hours (t-value = 77.1039; P < 0.05). There was statistically more caesarean sections among unbooked teenage pregnancies than booked (χ(2) = 36.75; P < 0.05). Stillbirth was statistically significant (χ(2) = 27.096; P < 0.05) among unbooked teenagers than booked. However, early neonatal death was not significantly different between booked and unbooked teenage pregnancies(χ(2) = 0.512; P < 0.05). Conclusion. Unbooked teenage pregnancies were significantly associated with increased operative intervention and poor perinatal outcome.
ABOVE THE GLASS CEILING : WHEN ARE WOMEN AND RACIAL / ETHNIC MINORITIES PROMOTED TO CEO ?

Using a dataset of all CEO transitions in Fortune 500 companies over a 15-year period, we analyze mechanisms that shape the promotion probabilities and leadership tenure of women and racial/ethnic minority CEOs. Consistent with the theory of the glass cliff, we find that occupational minorities—defined as white women and men and women of color—are more likely than white men to be promoted CEO of weakly performing firms. Though we find no significant differences in tenure length between occupational minorities and white men, we find that when firm performance declines during the tenure of occupational minority CEOs, these leaders are likely to be replaced by white men. We term this phenomenon the “savior effect.” Copyright  2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SCALAR: Scalable data lookup and replication protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Abstract Data replication, as an essential service for MANETs, is used to increase data availability by creating local or nearly located copies of frequently used items, reduce communication overhead, achieve fault-tolerance and load balancing. Data replication protocols proposed for MANETs are often prone to scalability problems due to their definitions or underlying routing protocols they are based on. In particular, they exhibit poor performance when the network size is scaled up. However, scalability is an important criterion for several MANET applications. We propose a scalable and reactive data replication approach, named SCALAR, combined with a low-cost data lookup protocol. SCALAR is a virtual backbone based solution, in which the network nodes construct a connected dominating set based on network topology graph. To the best of our knowledge, SCALAR is the first work applying virtual backbone structure to operate a data lookup and replication process in MANETs. Theoretical message-complexity analysis of the proposed protocols is given. Extensive simulations are performed to analyze and compare the behavior of SCALAR, and it is shown to outperform the other solutions in terms of data accessibility, message overhead and query deepness. It is also demonstrated as an efficient solution for high-density, high-load, large-scale mobile ad hoc networks.
Dispersive carrier transport in partially oriented p-quaterphenyl layers

Abstract Charge carrier transport in partially oriented p-quaterphenyl films was investigated using the transient current technique. In contrast to completely oriented layers, all current pulses in textured p-quaterphenyl films were highly dispersive and their representation on a double logarithmic scale may be described by two straight lines (with slopes −(1− α ) and −(1+ α ), where α ≈ 0.65). This indicates the possibility that the results can be interpreted in terms of the Scher-Montroll model of dispersive transport in disordered systems.
A NOVEL COMPACT ARCHIMEDEAN SPIRAL ANTENNA WITH GAP-LOADING

A novel compact Archimedean spiral antenna with gaploading is investigated in this paper. A circular frame sharing the same centre with the spiral elements introduces a capacitive gap. By adjusting the width of the gap and the width of the circular frame, the initial resonant frequency of the proposed antenna is shifted from 2.79 to 1.93 GHz. Compared with the traditional Archimedean spiral antenna with the same lowest operation frequency, the area of the proposed antenna can be reduced by more than 30simulated radiation pattern results.
Techniques for mitigation of radio frequency interference in radio astronomy

1 Introduction This Report aims to provide a concise technical summary of the current state-of-the-art in techniques for the mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI) in radio astronomy. Specifically, this report considers techniques for the mitigation of man-made interference that originates from outside the instrument and is therefore beyond the control of the instrument operator. For the purposes of this report, the criterion for classification of a signal as RFI is simply that it is an unwanted but detectable portion of a desired observation that has the potential to either degrade or inhibit the successful conduct of the observation. Some interference is not easily detectable but can still degrade the observations. Its mitigation is much more difficult. The aim of mitigation techniques is to permit observation at the levels of sensitivity specified in Recommendation ITU-R RA.769, with percentage of data loss within the limits specified in Recommendation ITU-R RA.1513. These Recommendations provide the conditions for efficient observing in radio astronomy, and provide the numerical basis for calculation of tolerable RFI conditions in sharing and compatibility studies. Mitigation methods other than simple excision of RFI-contaminated data are not widely used in radio astronomy, mainly because they are not easy to devise or perform and may require the development of extensive special software. Until recently, the standard observing modes and signal processing techniques used in the course of making observations provided an inherent degree of interference mitigation that proved adequate to provide useful astronomical data in the presence of some interference. For example, " fringe stopping " in aperture synthesis imaging has the tendency to decorrelate the RFI received at widely-separated antennas, which tends to suppress the RFI in the associated correlation products [Thompson, 1982]. In the case of some synthesis radio telescopes, such interference may result in a spurious bright source appearing in the maps at the celestial pole, making high declination observations difficult or impossible. Pulsars produce pulses of broadband noise, so a significant receiver bandwidth is needed to achieve a useful signal-to-noise ratio. The noise making up the pulses is subject to frequency-dependent dispersion as it propagates through the rarefied plasmas in the interstellar medium. When observing a pulsar with a radio telescope, the pulse is deliberately de-dispersed using a combination of hardware and software, to recover an accurate (non-dispersed) representation of the intrinsic pulse profile. This process tends to reduce RFI, because the process of de-dispersing the pulsar …
Polymer micromachined multimodal tactile sensors

We present the design, fabrication process, and characterization of a multimodal tactile sensor made of polymer materials and metal thin film sensors. The multimodal sensor can detect the hardness, thermal conductivity, temperature, and surface contour of a contact object for comprehensive evaluation of contact objects and events. Polymer materials reduce the cost and the fabrication complexity for the sensor skin, while increasing mechanical flexibility and robustness. Experimental tests show the skin is able to differentiate between objects using measured properties. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An improved ant colony optimization and its application to vehicle routing problem with time windows

The ant colony optimization (ACO), inspired from the foraging behavior of ant species, is a swarm intelligence algorithm for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. The algorithm, however, has the weaknesses of premature convergence and low search speed, which greatly hinder its application. To improve the performance of the algorithm, a hybrid ant colony optimization (HACO) is presented in this paper. By adjusting pheromone approach and introducing a disaster operator, the HACO prevents the search process from getting trapped in the local optimal solution. Then, by taking the candidate list into consideration and combining the ACO with the saving algorithm and l-interchange mechanism, the HACO improves the convergence speed. Furthermore, this paper gives a guideline on how to adjust the parameters to achieve the good performance of the algorithm. Finally, the HACO is applied to solve the vehicle routing problem with time windows. The effectiveness of the HACO on solving combinatorial optimization problems is validated by comparing the computational results with those previously presented in the literature. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unbalanced voltage effects on a single phase multilevel inverter due to control strategies

This work presents two control strategies for a single phase multilevel inverter to demonstrate how affects the natural balance on the flying capacitors to the output voltage. The analyzed topology is based on a stacked multicell converter (SMC), which uses stacks and columns in a matrix configuration to minimize the voltage stress on all semiconductor components. Due to the array is built with p-series commutation cells disposed on n stacks; the circuit has more elements, allowing to divide the voltage in all the semiconductors. Then, the control strategy becomes too complex, for that reason we proposed the use of a fixed control and later on a PWM strategy to evaluate the output voltage and the natural balancing on the flying capacitors. The first control strategy was implemented with simple switching signals to the commutation cells generated by FPGA technology. The second control strategy was generated by horizontally phase shifted carrier PWM strategy. The physical setup uses a DSP card, to generate the switching signals, and FPGA to shift signals between cells. Both control strategies where based on a SMC prototype of two cells and two stacks. The paper shows a detailed theoretical background as well as the simulation and experimental results obtained on a low power-high voltage circuit.
Growth intentions among research scientists: A cognitive style perspective

Although academic entrepreneurship has taken place in some U.S. universities for many decades, it is only over the past few decades that there has been an increased interest by universities worldwide to engage in their third mission related to entrepreneurship and economic development. Recently, researchers studying academic entrepreneurship have increasingly focused on understanding research scientists' entrepreneurial intentions. It has however also been acknowledged that, next to understanding entrepreneurial intentions, it is important to generate insights into growth intentions. This is because growth is unlikely to be achieved if no growth intention exists. Taking a cognition and selfefficacy perspective, our study explores how cognitive styles are associated with growth intentions within a group of research scientists having entrepreneurial intentions. Our study indicates that a planning cognitive style promotes while a knowing cognitive style curbs growth intentions. Further, working experience mitigates the negative impact of a knowing style on growth intentions. Our research has practical implications and implications for technology management, academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions literatures. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Passive UHF-RFID System for the Localization of an Indoor Autonomous Vehicle

A global localization system combining odometry data with radio frequency identification (RFID) readings is proposed. RFID tags are placed at the ceiling of the environment and can be detected by a mobile robot unit traveling below them. The detection of the tags is the only information used in the proposed approach (no distance or bearing to the tag is considered available), but differently from similar localization setups reported in the literature, only a small number (about one each square meter or less) of tags are used. This is possible using a suitable tag's antenna in ultrahigh frequency band, expressly designed to obtain regular and stable RFID detection regions, which allows us to consider an efficient Kalman filtering approach to fuse RFID readings with the vehicle odometry data. A satisfactory performance is achieved, with an average position error of about 0.1 m. The hardware/software localization setup described in this paper is cheap and easy to use and may provide a satisfactory approach in several industrial and domestic scenarios.
Normal D-dimer levels in patients with pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently evaluated in acute care settings. Despite this, the clinical diagnosis of PE is difficult. Results of ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scans may be inconclusive, and pulmonary angiograms (PAGs) are cumbersome, involve risk, and are often unavailable. Using PAG as the standard criterion, we evaluated the relationship between PE, V/Q scans, and semiquantitative latex agglutination (LA) D-dimer levels.


METHODS
Ninety-eight patients who underwent V/Q scanning for suspected PE were enrolled; based on the results of the scans, the patients were scheduled for PAG. Blood samples were drawn for LA D-dimer assays during the PAGs at Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo, from January 1, 1996, to February 1, 1997. A detailed medical record review was performed for all enrollees.


RESULTS
The mean+/-SEM patient age was 56.6+/-1.9 years; 52 (53%) were men, 13 (13%) had cancer, 23 (23%) had undergone surgery within 30 days of their PAG, and 13 (13%) were receiving warfarin sodium. There were no differences in warfarin therapy, hypercoaguable state, or cancer prevalence between patients with negative and positive PAGs (P = .53). Ventilation-perfusion scan results were available for all study patients. Eight (27%) of 30 patients who had positive angiogram results had LA D-dimer levels less than 250 ng/mL. Patients with positive PAGs (n = 30) had the following V/Q scan results: normal, 0; low probability, 7; intermediate or indeterminate probability, 22; and high probability, 1. In patients with low-probability V/Q scan results (n = 34), a positive D-dimer result for PE (>250 ng/mL) had a sensitivity of 71.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.97) and a negative predictive value of 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.98). We found a significant difference in D-dimer levels in patients with an abnormal angiogram result (mean, 750 ng/mL) compared with patients with a normal angiogram result (mean, 250 ng/mL) (P= .01, chi2 test).


CONCLUSIONS
Eight patients had normal D-dimer levels with angiographic evidence of PE. Algorithms in acute care settings have been proposed; they exclude PE with normal D-dimer levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. These cannot be extrapolated to the more widely used LA assays. A normal LA D-dimer level alone or with V/Q scan results is not recommended to preclude the treatment of PE.
Easy generation of personal Chinese handwritten fonts

Creating personal Chinese handwritten font library is a very time-consuming job, with the majority of time spent on users manually writing a large number of Chinese characters. To dramatically cut down the time cost, we propose an efficient solution to generate Chinese handwritten fonts by effectively reusing the sample characters that users write. Our solution first builds a Chinese Character Radical Composition Model based on the images of standard printed characters. The use of contour curve based radical clustering approach facilitates the critical task of learning the model. We then use the model to decide a much smaller set of character that users need to write. The same model is also used to guide the automatic segmentation of user's hand input characters and construction of other characters. Our prototype only needs users to input around 20% characters as usual to create their own qualified handwritten fonts.
The difference in autonomic denervation and its effect on atrial fibrillation recurrence between the standard segmental and circumferential pulmonary vein isolation techniques.

AIMS
This study examined the difference in autonomic modification (AM) and its effect on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) recurrence between segmental pulmonary vein isolation (S-PVI) and circumferential PVI (C-PVI).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Successful S-PVI or C-PVI with a basket catheter was achieved in 120 consecutive PAF patients. Serial 24 Holter-recordings were obtained before, immediately, and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the PVI to analyse the heart rate variability (HRV). Nineteen patients were excluded from analysis because of additional ablation for recurrent PAF after successful PVI. Among the residual 101 patients, 33 had PAF recurrences (S-PVI = 44.0%, C-PVI = 21.6%) at 1 year of follow-up. The root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency power reflecting parasympathetic nervous activity were significantly lower in patients with and without PAF recurrences after C-PVI and patients without PAF recurrences after S-PVI than patients with PAF recurrences after S-PVI (P < 0.005-0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in any HRV parameters in the immediate aftermath of PVI among the patients without PAF recurrences after S-PVI and those with and without PAF recurrences after C-PVI.


CONCLUSION
Although additional radiofrequency ablation for AM may be recommended after S-PVI to reduce PAF recurrences, it should be carefully determined after C-PVI.
Meeting Community Health Worker Needs for Maternal Health Care Service Delivery Using Appropriate Mobile Technologies in Ethiopia 

BACKGROUND
Mobile health applications are complex interventions that essentially require changes to the behavior of health care professionals who will use them and changes to systems or processes in delivery of care. Our aim has been to meet the technical needs of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and midwives for maternal health using appropriate mobile technologies tools.


METHODS
We have developed and evaluated a set of appropriate smartphone health applications using open source components, including a local language adapted data collection tool, health worker and manager user-friendly dashboard analytics and maternal-newborn protocols. This is an eighteen month follow-up of an ongoing observational research study in the northern of Ethiopia involving two districts, twenty HEWs, and twelve midwives.


RESULTS
Most health workers rapidly learned how to use and became comfortable with the touch screen devices so only limited technical support was needed. Unrestricted use of smartphones generated a strong sense of ownership and empowerment among the health workers. Ownership of the phones was a strong motivator for the health workers, who recognised the value and usefulness of the devices, so took care to look after them. A low level of smartphones breakage (8.3%,3 from 36) and loss (2.7%) were reported. Each health worker made an average of 160 mins of voice calls and downloaded 27Mb of data per month, however, we found very low usage of short message service (less than 3 per month).


CONCLUSIONS
Although it is too early to show a direct link between mobile technologies and health outcomes, mobile technologies allow health managers to more quickly and reliably have access to data which can help identify where there issues in the service delivery. Achieving a strong sense of ownership and empowerment among health workers is a prerequisite for a successful introduction of any mobile health program.
Testosterone administration modulates moral judgments depending on second-to-fourth digit ratio

Moral judgment involves the interplay of emotions and social cognitions. The male sex-hormone testosterone might play a role in moral reasoning as males are more utilitarian than females in their moral decisions, and high salivary testosterone levels also are associated with utilitarian moral decisions. However, there is no direct evidence for a role of testosterone in moral reasoning. Recent testosterone administration studies show effects on cognitive empathy and social cooperation, which depend on right-hand's second-to-fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio, a proxy for prenatal sex-hormone (testosterone-versus-estradiol) priming. Here, in a placebo-controlled within-subjects design using 20 young females we show that 2D:4D predicts 44% of the variance in the effects of testosterone administration on moral judgment. Subjects who show an increase in utilitarian judgments following testosterone administration have significantly higher than average 2D:4D (relatively high prenatal estradiol priming), while subjects showing more deontological judgments following testosterone administration have near-significantly lower 2D:4D (relatively high prenatal testosterone priming). We argue that prenatally-organized differences in aromatase, i.e. conversion from testosterone to estradiol in the brain, might underlie these effects. Our findings suggest that early neurodevelopmental effects of sex steroids play a crucial role in the activational effects of hormones on moral reasoning later in life.