LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of an interprofessional education program on developing skilled graduates well-equipped to practise in rural and underserved areas.

INTRODUCTION
Poverty, limited access to resources and a lack of infrastructure characterise the division of rural areas from urban South Africa. Low numbers of social welfare professionals compound the problem. With education linked inextricably in social responsibility, higher education institutions (HEIs) are called upon increasingly to create conditions that encourage students and graduates to practise in more socially responsible ways, involving more than mere disciplinary expertise or technical knowledge, and that consider the problems of rural areas. Use of interprofessional education (IPE) programs, based on teamwork, could enable HEIs to train and guide health sciences students in how best to cooperate with each other and combine their skills to mutual benefit. This would enable them to develop professional skills facilitated by interactive engagement within community settings.


METHODS
Referencing experience gained in Australia and elsewhere, the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (FCHS) at the University of Western Cape (UWC) has developed and applied an IPE program for South Africa. Students were placed in interdisciplinary groups in a rural and underserved municipality of the Western Cape - 17 students participated in a study on the effectiveness of this program. A quantitative self-administered questionnaire, followed by qualitative focus group discussions, established student perceptions of their IPE experience, how the experience influenced their intentions for or against future practice in rural and underserved areas, and their interest in future interprofessional collaboration and practice.


RESULTS
More than 75% of the participating students agreed that they had learnt to develop knowledge base, procedural and healthcare practice presentation skills, along with preparing written community health histories. Student willingness to practise in rural areas was evidenced, citing community- and resource-based factors as determinants; however, concerns that some community members had 'own agendas' were expressed. Nearly all students highly appreciated their learning and service delivery development, but 47% felt that their educational experience did not go as far as expected. Student concerns were a lack of structured student placement for IPE to occur in the program, as well as limited staff supervision of students.


CONCLUSIONS
The UWC FCHS IPE program is evidenced as a valid approach to encouraging health sciences students and graduates to choose to practise in more socially responsible ways. However, improvement of placement and supervision methodology and practice should be explored at faculty level and implemented in future IPE programs.
Growth and development: prokaryotes.

Orna Amster-Choder is a professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where she holds the Dr Jacob Grunbaum Professional Chair in Medical Sciences. Research in her group focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying signal transduction in bacteria, spatial and temporal organization of proteins and RNA transcripts in bacterial cells, transcription regulation, and molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial pathogenicity. e-mail: ornaam@ekmd.huji.ac.il.
Stability of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents: Prevalence and association with bully-victim status and psychosocial adjustment

The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the possible presence of an identifiable group of stable victims of cyberbullying; (b) to analyze whether the stability of cybervictimization is associated with the perpetration of cyberbullying and bully–victim status (i.e., being only a bully, only a victim, or being both a bully and a victim); and (c) to test whether stable victims report a greater number of psychosocial problems compared to non-stable victims and uninvolved peers. A sample of 680 Spanish adolescents (410 girls) completed self-report measures on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, depressive symptoms, and problematic alcohol use at two time points that were separated by one year. The results of cluster analyses suggested the existence of four distinct victimization profiles: ‘‘Stable-Victims,’’ who reported victimization at both Time 1 and Time 2 (5.8% of the sample), ‘‘Time 1-Victims,’’ and ‘‘Time 2-Victims,’’ who presented victimization only at one time (14.5% and 17.6%, respectively), and ‘‘Non-Victims,’’ who presented minimal victimization at both times (61.9% of the sample). Stable victims were more likely to fall into the ‘‘bully–victim’’ category and presented more cyberbullying perpetration than the rest of the groups. Overall, the Stable Victims group displayed higher scores of depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use over time than the other groups, whereas the Non-Victims displayed the lowest of these scores. These findings have major implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing cyberbullying and its consequences. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Management of severe mandibular retrognathia in the adult patient using distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis is a powerful technique for creating new bone during significant lengthening of the mandible without the need for bone grafting and associated donor site morbidity. The majority of clinical applications of mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis techniques reported in the literature are in growing patients.1-8 For the purposes of this article, an adult patient is defined as a patient who has completed skeletal growth. This includes female patients from the approximate age of 15 years and older and male patients from the approximate age of 17 years.9 Distraction osteogenesis techniques were initially applied to adult patients predominantly with tumorrelated segmental defects of the mandible. Reconstruction of these segmental defects were undertaken using transport distraction osteogenesis techniques with good success.10,11 However, distraction osteogenesis applications continue to expand and adult patients with severe mandibular retrognathia have undergone mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis.4,12,13
Subcellular location prediction of proteins using support vector machines with alignment of block sequences utilizing amino acid composition

Subcellular location prediction of proteins is an important and well-studied problem in bioinformatics. This is a problem of predicting which part in a cell a given protein is transported to, where an amino acid sequence of the protein is given as an input. This problem is becoming more important since information on subcellular location is helpful for annotation of proteins and genes and the number of complete genomes is rapidly increasing. Since existing predictors are based on various heuristics, it is important to develop a simple method with high prediction accuracies. In this paper, we propose a novel and general predicting method by combining techniques for sequence alignment and feature vectors based on amino acid composition. We implemented this method with support vector machines on plant data sets extracted from the TargetP database. Through fivefold cross validation tests, the obtained overall accuracies and average MCC were 0.9096 and 0.8655 respectively. We also applied our method to other datasets including that of WoLF PSORT. Although there is a predictor which uses the information of gene ontology and yields higher accuracy than ours, our accuracies are higher than existing predictors which use only sequence information. Since such information as gene ontology can be obtained only for known proteins, our predictor is considered to be useful for subcellular location prediction of newly-discovered proteins. Furthermore, the idea of combination of alignment and amino acid frequency is novel and general so that it may be applied to other problems in bioinformatics. Our method for plant is also implemented as a web-system and available on http://sunflower.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tamura/slpfa.html .
The Semantic Web: The Roles of XML and RDF

representation techniques. T he World Wide Web is possible because a set of widely established standards guarantees interoperability at various levels. Until now, the Web has been designed for direct human processing, but the next-generation Web, which Tim Berners-Lee and others call the “Semantic Web,” aims at machine-processible information.1 The Semantic Web will enable intelligent services—such as information brokers, search agents, and information filters—which offer greater functionality and interoperability than current stand-alone services. The Semantic Web will only be possible once further levels of interoperability have been established. Standards must be defined not only for the syntactic form of documents, but also for their semantic content. Notable among recent W3C standardization efforts are XML/XML schema and RDF/RDF schema, which facilitate semantic interoperability. In this article, we explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web. We then briefly summarize key elements of XML and RDF, showing why using XML as a tool for semantic interoperability will be ineffective in the long run. We argue that a further representation and inference layer is needed on top of the Web’s current layers, and to establish such a layer, we propose a general method for encoding ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF schema. We illustrate the extension method by applying it to Ontology Interchange Language (OIL), an ontology representation and inference language.2
Factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding: a retrospective study using a national database in Japan

BackgroundBleeding of the lower gastrointestinal tract requires hospitalization and can cause in-hospital death in the most serious cases; however, only a few studies have evaluated in-hospital death from bleeding of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the in-hospital mortality of patients with bleeding of the lower gastrointestinal tract and elucidate the factors associated with it using a large-scale database.MethodsWe analyzed a nationwide database in Japan retrospectively. From the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we extracted data on patients who were admitted with visible blood in stool between July 1, 2010 and March 31, 2012. We assessed age, sex, comorbidity, cause of bleeding, type of hospital, medications, body mass index (BMI), and need for blood transfusion and treatments. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with blood transfusion and in-hospital death.ResultsA total of 30,846 patients were identified. The median age was 74 years, and 52.0 % of patients were male. A total of 782 patients died in hospital (2.5 %), and 8,060 patients (26.1 %) needed blood transfusion. In a multivariate analysis, in-hospital death was significantly associated with being older or male; comorbidities, including congestive heart failure, renal disease, and mild to severe liver disease; the cause of bleeding; a nonacademic hospital; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use; lower BMI; and requirements for blood transfusion, interventional radiology, and surgery. Most factors were similarly associated with blood transfusion.ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality was 2.5 % and was associated with age, sex, comorbidities, cause of bleeding, type of hospital, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, BMI, blood transfusion, and requirements for treatments.
Use of Neural Networks in Prediction and Simulation of Steel Surface Roughness

Researches on machined surface roughness prediction in the face milling process of steel are presented in the paper. The data for modelling by the application of neural networks have been collected by the central composite design of experiment. Input variables are the parameters of machining (number of revolutions – cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) and the way of cooling, while the machined surface roughness is output variable. In the modelling process the algorithms Back-Propagation Neural Network, Modular Neural Network and Radial Basis Function Neural Network have been used. Various architectures of neural networks have been investigated on a data sample and they have generated the prediction results which are at the RMS (Root Mean Square) error level of 5.24 % in the learning phase (8.53 % in the validation phase) for the Radial Basis Function Neural Network, 6.02 % in the learning phase (8.87 % in the validation phase) for the Modular Neural Network and for the Back-Propagation Neural Network 6.46 % in the learning phase (7.75 % in the validation phase). (Received in September 2012, accepted in June 2013. This paper was with the authors 3 months for 2 revisions.)
DiMPP: a complete distributed algorithm for multi-agent path planning

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is a challenging task that aims to find conflict free paths for all the agents in a given domain. Priority-based decoupled approach is one of the several approaches to solve a MAPP problem. It works as follows: first, find paths of individual agents and then restructure these paths based on some priority of the agents. Most of the existing decoupled approaches use centralised algorithms. However, multi-agent systems are inherently distributed, where agents have limited information and each agent may not know the total number of agents in the system. Some of these aspects are incorporated in DMAPP. DMAPP is an existing fully distributed algorithm that works in three phases: (i) individual path planning, (ii) priority decision-making and (iii) plan restructuring. However, DMAPP is incomplete, i.e. DMAPPmay fail to find a solution, even if it exists. In this paper, we present a new distributed algorithm (DiMPP) which is complete. The computer simulations performed on some wellknown benchmark domains reveal that DiMPP outperforms DMAPP in the number of problem instances solved. For larger problem instances, the time taken by DiMPP is orders of magnitude less than that of some existing centralised algorithms. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 30 May 2016 Accepted 12 February 2017
Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States.

CONTEXT
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 are common infections worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the cause of most genital herpes and is almost always sexually transmitted. In contrast, HSV-1 is usually transmitted during childhood via nonsexual contacts. Preexisting HSV-1 antibodies can alleviate clinical manifestations of subsequently acquired HSV-2. Furthermore, HSV-1 has become an important cause of genital herpes in some developed countries.


OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994.


DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES]), were used to compare national seroprevalence estimates from 1999-2004 with those from 1988-1994, and changes in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence since 1976-1980 were reviewed. Persons aged 14 to 49 years were included in these analyses.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies based on results from type-specific immunodot assays; diagnosis of genital herpes.


RESULTS
The overall age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence was 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8%-18.3%) in 1999-2004 and 21.0% (95% CI, 19.1%-23.1%) in 1988-1994, a relative decrease of 19.0% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -28.6% to -9.5%; P<.001). Decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were especially concentrated in persons aged 14 to 19 years between 1988 and 2004. In adolescents aged 17 to 19 years and young adults, the decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were significant even after adjusting for changes in sexual behaviors. Among those infected with HSV-2, the percentage who reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes was statistically different (14.3% in 1999-2004 and 9.9% in 1988-1994; P = .02). Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased from 62.0% (95% CI, 59.6%-64.6%) in 1988-1994 to 57.7% (95% CI, 55.9%-59.5%) in 1999-2004, a relative decrease of 6.9% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -11.6% to -2.3%; P = .006). Among persons infected with HSV-1 but not with HSV-2, a higher percentage reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994 (1.8% vs 0.4%, respectively; P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
These data show declines in HSV-2 seroprevalence, suggesting that the trajectory of increasing HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States has been reversed. Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased but the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 may be increasing.
Solving the Inverse Problem with Inhomogeneous Universes

We construct the Lemâıtre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) dust universe whose distanceredshift relation is equivalent to that in the concordance Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model. In our model, the density distribution and velocity field are not homogeneous, whereas the big-bang time is uniform, which implies that the universe is homogeneous at its beginning. We also study the effects of local clumpiness in the density distribution as well as the effects of large-scale inhomogeneities on the distanceredshift relation, and show that these effects may reduce the amplitude of large-scale inhomogeneities necessary for having a distance-redshift relation that is the same as that of the concordance ΛCDM universe. We also study the temporal variation of the cosmological redshift and show that, by the observation of this quantity, we can distinguish our LTB universe model from the concordance ΛCDM model, even if their redshift-distance relations are equivalent to each other. 1 typeset using PTPTEX.cls 〈Ver.0.9〉
Evolutionof indirect reciprocity by imagescoring

8 12. Loughrin, J. H., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R. & Tumlinson, J. H. Diurnal cycle of emission of induced volatile terpenoids by herbivore-injured cotton plants. J. Chem. Ecol. 21, 1217–1227 (1994). 13. Takabayashi, J., Dicke, M. & Posthumus, M. A. Variation in composition of predator-attracting allelochemicals emitted by herbivore-infested plants: Relative influence of plant and herbivore. 2, 1–6 (1991). 14. Du, Y.-J., Poppy, G. M. & Powell, W. Relative importance of semiochemicals from first and second trophic levels in host foraging behavior of Aphidius ervi. J. Chem. Ecol. 22, 1591–1605 (1996). 15. Lewis, W. J. & Takasu, K. Use of learned odours by a parasitic wasp in accordance with host and food needs. Nature 348, 635–636 (1990). 16. Tumlinson, J. H., Lewis, W. J. & Vet, L. E. M. How parasitic wasps find their hosts. Sci. Am. 268, 100– 106 (1993). 17. Bell, W. J., Kipp, L. R. & Collins, R. D. in Chemical Ecology of Insects 2 (eds Cardé, R. T. & Bell, W. J.) 105–154 (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1995). 18. Strand, M. R. & Obrycki, J. J. Host specificity of insect parasitoids and predators. BioScience 46, 422– 429 (1996). 19. Futuyma, D. J. & Moreno, G. The evolution of ecological specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19, 207– 233 (1988). 20. Thompson, J. N. The Coevolutionary Process (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994). 21. Röse, U. S. R., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R. & Tumlinson, J. H. Volatile semiochemicals released from undamaged cotton leaves: A systemic response of living plants to caterpillar damage. Plant Physiol. 111, 487–495 (1996). 22. Heath, R. R. & Manukian, A. J. Chem. Ecol. 20, 593–608 (1994).
Performance Analysis of FDA Based Face Recognition Using Correlation , ANN and SVM

Since last decade, face recognition has replaced almost all biometric authentication techniques available. Many algorithms are in existence today based on various features. In this paper, we have compared the performance of various classifiers like correlation, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Face Recognition. We have proposed face recognition based on discriminative features. Holistic featuresbased methods Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) usused to extract outdiscriminative features from the input face image respectively. These features are used to train classifiers like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results in the last section describe the accuracy of proposed scheme. Keywords-Face Recognition, Fisher Discriminant Analysis, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine.
Preclinical and clinical effects of Nigella sativa and its constituent, thymoquinone: A review.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) L. (Ranunculaceae), well known as black cumin, has been used as a herbal medicine that has a rich historical background. It has been traditionally and clinically used in the treatment of several diseases. Many reviews have investigated this valuable plant, but none of them focused on its clinical effects. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive report of clinical studies on N. sativa and some of its constituents.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Studies on the clinical effects of N. sativa and its main constituent, thymoquinone, which were published between 1979 and 2015, were searched using various databases.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During the last three decades, several in vivo and in vitro animal studies revealed the pharmacological properties of the plant, including its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiepileptic properties, and its effect on improvement in atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, glucose metabolism, lipid profile dysfunction, and prevention of hippocampus pyramidal cell loss. In clinical studies, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties as well as therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome, and gastrointestinal, neuronal, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive disorders were found in N. sativa and its constituents.


CONCLUSION
Extensive basic and clinical studies on N. sativa seed powder, oil, extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic), and thymoquinone showed valuable therapeutic effects on different disorders with a wide range of safe doses. However, there were some confounding factors in the reviewed clinical trials, and a few of them presented data about the phytochemical composition of the plant. Therefore, a more standard clinical trial with N. sativa supplementation is needed for the plant to be used as an inexpensive potential biological adjuvant therapy.