LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impaired Spatial Memory after Ketamine Administration in Chronic Low Doses

Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA-receptors, used as a dissociative anesthetic, presently included in the category of the psychoactive substances known as "club drugs". Ketamine administration was associated with impaired working memory and increased psychopathological symptoms, but there is a lack of information regarding the effects of chronic sub-anesthetic doses. Adult Wistar rats were administered ketamine, 5 and 10 mg/kg twice daily, subcutaneously for 14 days. One week later, rats were tested in an object recognition/object location task and in the open field arena. There was altered performance in both the object recognition/location and in the open field tests by the group chronically exposed to the lower dose of ketamine. These animals displayed a decreased discrimination index (p<0.05) in the object recognition task, were unable to recognize the displacement of a familiar object and displayed decreased activity across open filed sessions. Importantly, these alterations were not observed in animals administered a higher dose of ketamine. Collectively, these results consistently show that chronic administration of ketamine in sub-anesthetic doses may lead to decreased habituation and inability to update spatial representations.
Videotaping of surgical procedures and outcomes following extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
Video-recording of emerging minimally invasive surgical procedures is likely to become an integral component of patient record-keeping in the future for prostate cancer treatment. No prior work has shown the impact of videotaping of laparoscopic prostatectomy on patient outcomes. Our aim was to determine correlation between independent peer review of videotaping quality scores of extraperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy (ELRP) with complications, re-admissions, functional, and early oncological outcomes.


STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a single-institution prospective cohort study comparing videotaping quality scores with the outcomes of ELRP in men with localized prostate cancer. Videotaping of surgical procedures were scored by two experienced laparoscopic surgeons using a validated scoring method. Validated record-linkage methodology and self-reported questionnaires were used to assess surgical complications, re-admissions, functional, and oncological outcomes based on a common identifier called as community health index (CHI) number. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the different covariates with statistical significance considered at P < 0.05. Multivariate analyses assessed oncological outcomes (positive surgical margins/biochemical recurrence), post-operative complications, and re-admission into hospital following initial hospital discharge with quality of surgical procedure.


RESULTS
200 men were recruited into the study. 51 (25.5%) participants had post-operative complications. Record-linkage methodology identified 18 (9%) participants had re-admissions within 90 days of the procedure. 13 (6.5%) of these men required percutaneous drainage with hospital stay following re-admissions ranged between 3 and 12 days. 10 (5.0%) participants had intra/peri-operative complications. 23 (11.5%) men reported to primary care physicians for various indications. Higher quality surgical technique videotaped scores (assessed by independent peer review) had a significant correlation with early continence recovery at 3 months post-procedure, (P = 0.013), but lost statistical significance with overall continence at 1 year. No statistical correlation was observed between videotaped scores and oncological outcomes (positive surgical margins/biochemical recurrence), post-operative complications, and readmission into hospital.


CONCLUSIONS
Quality of surgical procedure assessed by independent third party videotaping score predicted early resumption of continence following extraperitoenal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, however, it did not predict complications, oncological or functional outcome as assessed using patient reported outcomes at 12 months. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:1016-1023. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cued recall and other cognitive tasks to facilitate dementia recognition in primary care.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the accuracy of commonly used tasks with that of the Visual Association Test (VAT), a conceptually different test involving cued recall of pictorial stimuli, in the recognition of dementia within primary care.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional diagnostic study of concurrent validity.


SETTING
Twenty-nine German primary care practices.


PARTICIPANTS
Four hundred twenty-three individuals in primary care participating in a longitudinal cohort study.


MEASUREMENTS
Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological interview. The validated clinical dementia diagnosis was used as reference standard. Index tests comprised the VAT, Mini-Cog, clock drawing, verbal fluency, episodic memory, and subjective complaints. Validity parameters were calculated; possible confounders of test performance (age, sex, education, comorbidity, depression, language) were evaluated.


RESULTS
Twenty-one participants (5%) had dementia according to the reference standard. The VAT distinguished dementia from nondementia with a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 86.1-100.0), a specificity of 96.0% (95% CI = 94.1-97.9), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 55.6% (95% CI = 39.3-71.8), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.7% (95% CI = 99.2-100.0). The next-most-accurate tasks were the Mini-Cog and immediate and delayed recall. Their sensitivity and NPV are similar to those of the VAT, but their PPV and specificity were significantly lower than those of the VAT. Age and depression affected all test scores.


CONCLUSION
The VAT (cued recall of pictorial material) is superior to other tasks for the recognition of dementia in terms of higher specificity and PPV. Age-specific cutoff scores may improve the validity of all tests.
Economic burden of depression in South Korea

A recent national survey in South Korea indicated that the 12-month prevalence rate of major depressive disorder was 2.5%. Depressive disorders may lead to disability, premature death, and severe suffering of patients and their families. This study estimates the economic burden of depression in Korea from a societal perspective. Annual direct healthcare costs associated with depression were calculated based on the National Health Insurance database. Annual direct non-healthcare costs were estimated for transport. Annual indirect costs were estimated for the following components of productivity loss due to illness such as morbidity (absenteeism and presenteeism) and premature mortality. Indirect costs were estimated using the large national psychiatric epidemiological surveys in Korea. The human capital approach was used to estimate indirect costs. The total cost of depression was estimated to be $4,049 million, of which $152.6 million represents a direct healthcare cost. Total direct non-healthcare costs were estimated to be $15.9 million. Indirect costs were estimated at $3,880.5 million. The morbidity cost was $2,958.9 million and the mortality cost was $921.6 million. The morbidity cost was identified as the largest component of overall cost. Depression is a considerable burden on both society and the individual, especially in terms of incapacity to work. The Korean society should increase the public health effort to prevent and detect depression in order to ensure that appropriate treatment is provided. Such actions will lead to a significant reduction in the total burden resulting from depression.
Integrating Defeasible Argumentation and Machine Learning Techniques

The field of machine learning (ML) is concerned with the question of how to construct algorithms that automatically improve with experience. In recent years many successful ML applications have been developed, such as datamining programs, information-filtering systems, etc. Although ML algorithms allow the detection and extraction of interesting patterns of data for several kinds of problems, most of these algorithms are based on quantitative reasoning, as they rely on training data in order to infer so-called target functions. In the last years defeasible argumentation has proven to be a sound setting to formalize common-sense qualitative reasoning. This approach can be combined with other inference techniques, such as those provided by machine learning theory. In this paper we outline different alternatives for combining defeasible argumentation and machine learning techniques. We suggest how different aspects of a generic argument-based framework can be integrated with other ML-based approaches.
Comlex Syntax: Building a Computational Lexicon

We des((tile tile design of Comlex Syntax, a co,nputa-tional lexicon providing detailed syntactic iuformation ff)r approximately 38,000 English headwords. We consider the types of errors which arise in creating such a lexicon, and how such errors can be measured and controlled. 1 Goal The goal of the (:omlex Syntax project is to create a moderately-broad-coverage lexicon recording the syntactic features of gnglist; words for purposes of cou> putational language analysis. This dictionary is being developed at New York University and is to he distributed by the Linguistic Data Consortimn, to be freely usable for both research and commercial purposes by members of the Consortium. In order to ineet the needs of a wide range of an~> lyzers, we have inchlded a rich set of syntactic features and haw~ aimed to characterize these Datures in a relatively theory-neutral way. In l)articnlar, the feature set is more detailed than those of the major commercial dictionaries, such ;us the Oxford Adwmced Learner's Dictionary (OALI)) [d] and the Longnum Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) [8], which haw~ I)een widely used as a source o[' lexical i,,for,,lal, ioil ill ];lll-guage analyzers. 1 In addil.ion, we have ahned to be irio,'e cOrrlpreheiisive ill capturhig featt, res (hi partic.u-]ar, stibcategorization ['eatures) than co,iI,llercial dic tlonaries. by Prof. Roger Mitten from the Oxford Adwn,ced Learner's Dictionary, and contains about 38,000 head forms, although some purely British terms have been omitted, loach entry is organized as a nested set of typed feature-vahle lists. We currently use a Lisp-like parenthesized list notation, although the lexicon couhl ITo facilii~ate the transition to COMLEX by currenl, users of these dictionaries, we have i)reparcd mappings froln COMI,EX classes to those of several other dictionaries. SOllie sauil)le dicticll,ary entries are shown ilt Figure 1. The first syml/ol gives the part of speech; a word with several parts of speech will have several dictionary entries, one for each part of speech. Each e,itry has all :orth foatilre, giving the base fO,'lfl of tile word, No,ins, verbs, and adjectiw~s with irregular Inorphology will liave featt,res for the irregular fo,.iris :plural, :past, :past-part, etc. Words which take con-,i)leirients will have a subcatego,'ization (:sube) ['eat,ire. For exaniple> the verb "ai)andon" eali occur with a IlOllri phrase followed by a prepositional phrase with tim preposition "to" (e.g., "1 abandoned hii,i to the linguists.") or with just a ,lOll,, phrase compleifient ("[ aballdone(l the shill."). Other syntactic features are recorded …
Bad Humor, Bad Marriage: Humor Styles in Divorced and Married Couples

Humor has been found to play a key role in close relationships, including marriage. The objective of the present work was to investigate the role of specific humor styles, i.e. affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, earthy, and self-defeating, with regard to (a) relationship quality among married and divorced people and (b) divorced versus married status. We compared men and women from 98 married and 48 divorced couples (total N = 292) who evaluated their humor styles, anxiety and avoidance in attachment, marital satisfaction, and (ex-)spouse’s humor styles. Constructive humor (self-enhancing and/or affiliative), especially among men, was related to increased relationship satisfaction and to non-divorced status. Self-defeating humor, especially among women, predicted marital satisfaction but also divorce. Use of antisocial humor (aggressive and earthy), especially by men, predicted divorce and was related to low (retrospective) relationship quality among divorced couples. Humor styles were unique predictors of divorce beyond the impact of insecure attachment. Finally, partner similarity in the high or low use of self-defeating humor and the (transgressing social norms) earthy humor was observed in both the married and divorced, but the latter were dissimilar in the high or low use of humor styles implying positive or negative quality in interpersonal relations. Partners’ humor styles provide unique and gender-specific information to our understanding of factors influencing marital stability and dissolution.
Experimental validation of FEM based design method for synchronous reluctance machine

This paper presents a design methodology of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) based on the equivalent electrical parameters model. The parameters of the model are calculated using FEM 2D simulations and corroborated with experimental results. In addition, the experimental test procedure applied to the prototype is presented.
Multiple sclerosis affects the frequency content in the vertical ground reaction forces during walking.

BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease that results in a high incident of gait disturbance. Exploring the frequency content of the ground reaction forces generated during walking may provide additional insights to gait in patients with multiple sclerosis that could lead to specific tools for differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the frequency content of these forces in an effort to contribute to improved clinical management of this disease.


METHODS
Eighteen patients and eighteen healthy controls walked across a 10 meter long walkway. The anterior-posterior and vertical ground reaction forces generated during the stance phase of gait were evaluated in the frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation. T-tests were utilized for comparison of median frequency, the 99.5% frequency, and the frequency bandwidth between patients and healthy controls and also for comparisons between patients with mild and moderate severity.


FINDINGS
Patients with multiple sclerosis had significantly lower 99.5% frequency (P=0.006) and median frequency (P<0.001) in the vertical ground reaction force. No differences were found in the anterior-posterior reaction force frequency content. There were no differences between patients with mild and moderate severity.


INTERPRETATION
The lower frequency content suggests lesser vertical oscillation of the center of gravity. Lack of differences between severities may suggest presence of differences prior to currently established diagnosis timelines. Analysis of the frequency content may potentially serve to provide earlier diagnostic assessment of this debilitating disease.
Roles of Sexual Objectification Experiences and Internalization of Standards of Beauty in Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Test and Extension of Objectification Theory.

This study extends the literature on eating disorder symptomatology by testing, based on extant literature on objectification theory (B. L. Fredrickson & T. Roberts, 1997) and the role of sociocultural standards of beauty (e.g., L. J. Heinberg, J. K. Thompson, & S. Stormer, 1995), a model that examines (a) links of reported sexual objectification experiences to eating disorder-related variables and (b) the mediating roles of body surveillance, body shame, and internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty. Consistent with hypotheses, with a sample of 221 young women, support was found for a model in which (a) internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty mediated the links of sexual objectification experiences to body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms, (b) body surveillance was an additional mediator of the link of reported sexual objectification experiences to body shame, and (c) body shame mediated the links of internalization and body surveillance to disordered eating.
Urban Community Gardens as Spaces of Citizenship

A growing body of literature conceptualizes urban agriculture and community gardens as spaces of democratic citizenship and radical political practice. Urban community gardens are lauded as spaces through which residents can alleviate food insecurity and claim rights to the city. However, discussions of citizenship practice more broadly challenge the notion that citizen participation is inherently transformative or empowering, particularly in the context of neoliberal economic restructuring. This paper investigates urban community gardens as spaces of citizenship through a case study of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It examines the impacts of community gardens on citizenship practice and the effects of volunteerism on the development of community gardens. It explores how grassroots community gardens simultaneously contest and reinforce local neoliberal policies. This research contributes empirically and theoretically to scholarship on urban food movements, neoliberal urbanization, collaborative governance, and citizenship practice.
Feasibility of a targeted breast health education intervention for Chinese American immigrant women.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a targeted educational intervention to increase mammography screening among Chinese American women.


DESIGN
One-group pre- and post-test quasiexperimental design.


SETTING
Metropolitan areas of Portland, OR.


SAMPLE
44 foreign-born Chinese American women aged 40 years and older.


METHODS
Participants who had not had a mammogram within the past 12 months were recruited and enrolled to a targeted breast health educational program. Before starting the group session, participants completed a baseline survey, which was administered again 12 weeks postintervention.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Completion of mammography screening test, movement in stage of readiness, mammography and breast cancer knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived common and cultural barriers.


FINDINGS
The study response rate was high (71%). Of the 42 women who completed the study, 21 (50%) had a mammogram postintervention. The top three reasons for not completing a mammogram at the end of the study were no need or no symptom, busy, and reliance on family for assistance. Mean breast cancer susceptibility scores increased significantly at post-test as theorized (t[40] = -2.88, p < 0.01). Participants were more likely to obtain a mammogram when they had been in the United States for 3-15 years.


CONCLUSIONS
A targeted program that aims to increase breast health knowledge, improve access, and remove barriers may promote mammography screening among Chinese American immigrant women.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
This promising intervention now being tested under a randomized, controlled design can be adapted to other Asian subgroups.


KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION
Targeted breast health intervention is feasible for improving mammography screening among Chinese immigrant women. Educating these women about early detection is important, as the first sign of breast cancer usually shows on a woman's mammogram before it can be felt or any other symptoms are present. Immigrant women may be too busy to dedicate proper time to self-care behaviors; therefore, making it easier and faster for them to obtain a mammogram may improve the screening rate.
Difficult aneurysms for endovascular treatment: overwide or undertall?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Aneurysm geometry has been shown to predict the need for adjunctive techniques in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. We conducted a systematic retrospective study examining which thresholds of dome-to-neck ratio, maximum neck width, and aspect ratio of intracranial aneurysms best predict the need for adjunctive techniques in endovascular management.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred seventy-five consecutive patients who were selected for attempted embolization of 185 intracranial aneurysms were included in this study. Aneurysm dome-to-neck ratio (maximum dome width/maximum neck width), maximum neck width, and aspect ratio (dome height/maximum neck width) were measured on 2D digital subtraction angiography. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine which thresholds of dome-to-neck ratio, maximum neck width, and aspect ratio were most predictive of the need for adjunctive devices in endovascular management of these aneurysms.


RESULTS
We demonstrated that 75% of aneurysms with dome-to-neck ratios >1.6 (P < .0001), 75% of aneurysms with aspect ratios >1.6 (P < .0001), and 70% of aneurysms with neck diameters <4.0 mm (P < .0001) did not need adjunctive techniques in their management. Adjunctive techniques were essential to treatment of 80% of aneurysms with dome-to-neck ratios <1.2 (P = .02) and 89% of aneurysms with aspect ratios <1.2 (P < .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that aspect ratio was the best predictor of the need for an adjunctive device (P = .0004).


CONCLUSIONS
Aneurysms with aspect and dome-to-neck ratios >1.6 usually did not require adjunctive techniques. Aneurysms with aspect and dome-to-neck ratios <1.2 almost always required adjunctive techniques. In this single-center series, aspect ratio was the independent predictor of the need for adjunctive techniques in the endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms.
A note on the Pfaffian integration theorem

Two alternative, fairly compact proofs are presented of the Pfaffian integration theorem that surfaced in the recent studies of spectral properties of Ginibre's Orthogonal Ensemble. The first proof is based on a concept of the Fredholm Pfaffian; the second proof is purely linear algebraic.
Ghrelin enhances gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis: a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study.

BACKGROUND
Diabetic gastroparesis is a disabling condition with no consistently effective treatment. In animals, ghrelin increases gastric emptying and reverses postoperative ileus. We present the results of a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of ghrelin in gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.


METHODS
Ten insulin requiring diabetic patients (five men, six type I) referred with symptoms indicative of gastroparesis received a two hour infusion of either ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min) or saline on two occasions. Blood glucose was controlled by euglycaemic clamp. Gastric emptying rate (GER) was calculated by real time ultrasound following a test meal. Blood was sampled for ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. Cardiovagal neuropathy was assessed using the Mayo Clinic composite autonomic severity score (range 0 (normal)-3).


RESULTS
Baseline ghrelin levels were mean 445 (SEM 36) pmol/l. Ghrelin infusion achieved a peak plasma level of 2786 (188) pmol/l at 90 minutes, corresponding to a peak GH of 70.9 (19.8) pmol/l. Ghrelin increased gastric emptying in seven of 10 patients (30 (6)% to 43 (5)%; p = 0.04). Impaired cardiovagal tone correlated inversely with peak postprandial PP values (p < 0.05) but did not correlate with GER.


CONCLUSIONS
Ghrelin increases gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. This is independent of vagal tone. We propose that analogues of ghrelin may represent a new class of prokinetic agents.