LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in medical students: a longitudinal investigation.

OBJECTIVES
The personality of medical students may have an important impact on both their academic performance and emotional adjustment during medical school. There has been little systematic study of the impact of perfectionism on medical students. The present study sought to compare the perfectionism profile of medical students with that of a general arts student group and to examine the relationship among perfectionism, distress symptoms and academic expectations and satisfaction.


DESIGN
Medical students (n=96) and arts students (n=289) completed a baseline assessment including two multidimensional perfectionism scales. The medical students also completed measures of distress symptoms, personality (neuroticism, conscientiousness) and questions about their perceptions of their academic performance. Of the medical students, 58 completed a second set of questionnaires 6 months later (time 2).


SUBJECTS
First-, second- and third year medical students and first-year arts students.


RESULTS
In comparison with arts students, the perfectionism profile of medical students showed higher personal standards, lower doubts about actions and lower maladaptive perfectionism scores. In the medical students adaptive perfectionism (achievement striving) was significantly correlated with baseline academic performance expectations and conscientiousness and was predictive of dissatisfaction with academic performance at time 2. Maladaptive perfectionism (excessive evaluative concerns) was significantly correlated with baseline distress symptoms and neuroticism and was predictive of symptoms of depression and hopelessness at time 2.


CONCLUSIONS
Perfectionism in medical students differs systematically from perfectionism in general arts students. Distinguishing adaptive and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism is important in understanding the cross-sectional and longitudinal implications of perfectionism for medical students.
Lagrange Resolvents

This paper is devoted to a sharp investigation of the notion of Lagrange's resolvent and his connections with Galois Theory.
QCD ANALYSIS OF THE H DIBARYON

The status of theoretical studies of the $H$ dibaryon is reviewed. Some recent developments including the effect of the instanton induced interaction and the QCD sum rule results are discussed in detail.
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–producing Staphylococcus aureus

To the Editor: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis (1). Although produced by <5% of S. aureus strains, the toxin is detected in large percentages of isolates that cause necrotic skin lesions and severe necrotizing pneumonia (2). Although commonly associated with community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) (3), several outbreaks due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) have also been reported (4–6). We describe an outbreak of cutaneous infections caused by PVL-producing MSSA that affected 6 of 11 members of 2 related families. During a period of 6 months, a cluster of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections occurred in 2 families in Jerusalem, Israel, that were related through the mothers, who are sisters. The event started with the 4-year-old boy of family A, who had 5 episodes of skin infections, including 2 episodes of perianal abscesses that required drainage and hospitalization. Culture of pus grew MSSA that was resistant to erythromycin and clin-damycin. Subsequently, recurrent abscesses and cellulitis developed in the boy's father's legs, and his mother had severe periorbital cellulitis that required hospitalization and surgical drainage. Approximately 1 month later, a 9-year-old boy in family B had severe cellulitis and abscess around his knee that required hospitalization and surgical drainage. Subsequently, infections developed in 2 more children in family B: 1 had a finger pulp-space infection and the other cellulitis of the lower abdomen. All pus cultures grew S. aureus with identical susceptibility patterns. The cases are summarized in the Table. Following these events, the families consulted the infectious diseases clinic at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem. Since the clinical isolates were not available, nasal cultures were obtained from all family members. S. aureus was isolated from all the affected members of family A and from the parents and the 2 boys in family B. All 7 isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with SmaI. All except 1 had identical band patterns and the same antimicrobial drug sus-ceptibilities as the clinical isolates. The presence of PVL genes was examined by PCR as previously described (2) and was detected only in the isolates with identical PFGE patterns. The families were advised to apply mupirocin nasal ointment twice a day for 5 days and to bathe with 4% chlorhexidine scrub for 1 week (7). At 7 months of follow-up, no new cases of skin …
An assessment of the potential health impacts of food reformulation

Background/Objectives:Policies focused on food quality are intended to facilitate healthy choices by consumers, even those who are not fully informed about the links between food consumption and health. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the potential impact of such a food reformulation scenario on health outcomes.Subjects/Methods:We first created reformulation scenarios adapted to the French characteristics of foods. After computing the changes in the nutrient intakes of representative consumers, we determined the health effects of these changes. To do so, we used the DIETRON health assessment model, which calculates the number of deaths avoided by changes in food and nutrient intakes.Results:Depending on the reformulation scenario, the total impact of reformulation varies between 2408 and 3597 avoided deaths per year, which amounts to a 3.7–5.5% reduction in mortality linked to diseases considered in the DIETRON model. The impacts are much higher for men than for women and much higher for low-income categories than for high-income categories. These differences result from the differences in consumption patterns and initial disease prevalence among the various income categories.Conclusions:Even without any changes in consumers’ behaviors, realistic food reformulation may have significant health outcomes.
The Stressometer: A Simple, Valid, and Responsive Measure of Psychological Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Psychological stress is associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], but the nature of this relationship is complex. At present, there is no simple tool to screen for stress in IBD clinical practice or assess stress repeatedly in longitudinal studies. Our aim was to design a single-question 'stressometer' to rapidly measure stress and validate this in IBD patients.


METHODS
In all, 304 IBD patients completed a single-question 'stressometer'. This was correlated with stress as measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS-21], quality of life, and disease activity. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 31 patients who completed the stressometer and the DASS-21 on two occasions 4 weeks apart.


RESULTS
Stressometer levels correlated with the DASS-21 stress dimension in both Crohn's disease [CD] (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [rs] 0.54; p < 0.001) and ulcerative colitis [UC] [rs 0.59; p < 0.001]. Stressometer levels were less closely associated with depression and anxiety [rs range 0.36 to 0.49; all p-values < 0.001]. Stressometer scores correlated with all four Short Health Scale quality of life dimensions in both CD and UC [rs range 0.35 to 0.48; all p-values < 0.001] and with disease activity in Crohn's disease [rs 0.46; p < 0.001] and ulcerative colitis [rs 0.20; p = 0.02]. Responsiveness was confirmed with a test-retest correlation of 0.43 [p = 0.02].


CONCLUSIONS
The stressometer is a simple, valid, and responsive measure of psychological stress in IBD patients and may be a useful patient-reported outcome measure in future IBD clinical and research assessments.
Prenatal diagnosis and postmortem findings of Neu-laxova syndrome Neu-laxova sendromunun prenatal tan ı s ı ve postmortem bulgular ı

Address for Correspondence / Yazışma Adresi: Doç. Dr. Ebru Tarim, Baskent Üniversitesi Adana Uygulama ve Arastırma Merkezi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı, Baraj Yolu 1. Durak 01110, Adana, Turkey Phone: +90 322 458 68 68-2203 e.mail: eatarim@hotmail.com doi:10.5152/jtgga.2010.44 Neu-laxova syndrome is a lethal, autosomal recessive condition associated with ectodermal abnormalities and other characteristic features, including microcephaly, marked intrauterine growth restriction, limb deformities, central nervous system malformations and abnormal facial features, consisting of severe proptosis with ectropion, hypertelorism, micrognathia, flattened nose, malformed ears, and gaping mouth. Here we present a fetus having a dysmorphic face with proptotic eyes, retracted eye lids, depressed nasal bridge and micrognathia at 25 weeks of gestation. The extremities were contracted and no fetal movements were observed during the ultrasonographic examination. The fetus also had microcephaly and the amniotic fluid was increased. The pregnancy was terminated and the abnormalities demonstrated on prenatal ultrasound were confirmed at autopsy. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2010; 11: 225-7)
Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining: A Survey

In this age, in this nation, public sentiment is everything. With it, nothing can fail; against it, nothing can succeed. Whoever molds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes, or pronounces judicial decisions (Abraham Lincoln, 1858 ) [1]. It is apparent from President Lincoln's well known quote that legislators understood the force of open assumption quite a while prior. In today world, the Internet is the main source of information. An enormous amount of information and opinion online is scattered and unstructured with no machine to arrange it. Because of demand the public to know opinions about exact product and services, political issues, or social scientists. That’s led us to study of field Opining Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Opining Mining and Sentiment Analysis have recently played a significant role for researchers because analysis of online text is beneficial for the market research political issue, business intelligence, online shopping, and scientific survey from psychological. Sentiment Analysis identifies the polarity of extracted public opinions. This paper presents a survey which covers Opining Mining, Sentiment Analysis, techniques, tools and classification.
Depression, heart rate variability, and acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
Clinical depression is associated with an increased risk for mortality in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as a possible explanation for this association. The purpose of this study was to determine if depression is associated with reduced HRV in patients with a recent MI.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Three hundred eighty acute MI patients with depression and 424 acute MI patients without depression were recruited. All underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring after hospital discharge. In univariate analyses, 4 indices of HRV were significantly lower in patients with depression than in patients without depression. Variables associated with HRV were then compared between patients with and without depression, and potential confounds were identified. These variables (age, sex, diabetes, and present cigarette smoking) were entered into an analysis of covariance model, followed by depression status. In the final model, all but one HRV index (high-frequency power) remained significantly lower in patients with depression than in patients without depression.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that greater autonomic dysfunction, as reflected by decreased HRV, is a plausible mechanism linking depression to increased cardiac mortality in post-MI patients.
Natural history and risk factors for adjacent vertebral fractures in the fracture intervention trial.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected follow-up data for 2.9 years.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the natural history of subsequent morphometric fracture rates at adjacent levels (one level above or below a previous known baseline fracture) in a large patient database.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The long-term risk and risk factors for adjacent-level vertebral fractures in patients with osteoporosis are unknown.


METHODS
The fracture intervention trial is a large randomized, placebo-controlled trial of alendronate treatment for osteoporosis. Data from both bisphosphonate-treated and bisphosphonate-naive patients (N = 1950, vertebral fracture arm) was analyzed to detect incident morphometric fracture rates.


RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 2.9 years, 3.4% of patients in the alendronate group and 7.4% in the placebo group experienced adjacent-level vertebral fractures. The annual rate of adjacent-level vertebral fractures was 1.2% in the alendronate group, and 2.5% in the placebo group (overall, 1.8% per year in both groups combined). As expected, the thoracolumbar region (defined as T11, T12, and L1) seemed to be the most prone to new adjacent-level fractures. Among females with baseline prevalent fractures at the thoracolumbar junction, who subsequently experienced at least one new fracture anywhere along the spine (N = 124), 40.3% had a new adjacent-level fracture in this region. Older age at randomization, lower bone mineral density, inactivity, and placebo therapy were significantly associated with the development of adjacent-level fractures in univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated decreased odds of adjacent-level fractures with bisphosphonate therapy and higher bone mineral density, and increased odds with older age at randomization (P ≤ 0.05).


CONCLUSION
New vertebral fractures adjacent to prevalent fractures occurred relatively infrequently in this treatment trial of alendronate in females with osteoporosis, and were more common with older age at randomization, lower bone mineral density and placebo treatment.
The Geodesic Diameter of Polygonal Domains

A polygonal domain P with n corners V and h holes is a connected polygonal region of genus h whose boundary consists of h + 1 closed chains of n total line segments. The holes and the outer boundary of P are regarded as obstacles. Then, the geodesic distance d(p, q) between any two points p, q in polygonal domain P is defined to be the (Euclidean) length of a shortest obstacle-avoiding path between p and q. In this paper, we address the geodesic diameter problem. The geodesic diameter diamP of a given polygonal domain P is defined as follows:
Possible pathogenic pathways in the adverse clinical events seen following ivermectin administration to onchocerciasis patients.

BACKGROUND: Reactions are commonly associated with the chemotherapy of onchocerciasis. However unmanageable reactions are uncommon when ivermectin (Mectizan(R)) is used for the treatment of this infection, and this drug has proved to be a great improvement over previously used agents. Serious adverse events (SAE) nevertheless have occurred, and there is considerable concern about the negative effect such events may have on mass drug administration programs.This paper reviews the basic pathogenic mechanisms that can be involved in the destruction of microfilaria by chemotherapeutic agents. A central challenge to filarial chemotherapy is the need to remove parasites from biologically sensitive tissues, a more difficult medical challenge than eliminating nematodes from the gastrointestinal tract.Explanations for the etiology of the serious adverse reactions occurring with ivermectin treatment in specific geographic areas where there is coincident heavy Loa loa infections are hampered by a lack of specific pathological case material. Ways to investigate these possibilities are reviewed. Possible pathogenic mechanisms include embolic vascular pathology accompanied by local inflammation, blood brain barrier mdr1 abnormalities, and genetic predisposition to excessive inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION: It is important to keep ivermectin, and all its associated adverse clinical events, in perspective with the many other chemotherapeutic agents in general use - many of which produce serious adverse events even more frequently than does ivermectin. Currently available evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of the Loa-associated adverse reactions are probably related to inflammatory responses to microfilariae in specific tissues. However, the possibility of genetic predispositions to pathology should also be considered.
Correct estimation of parameters for ultrasound nuchal translucency screening.

Johnson, S. (1996). Down’s syndrome screening in the UK, Lancet, 347, 906–907. Pandya, P.P., Snijders, R.J.M., Johnson, S.P., de Loudes Brizot, M., Nicolaides, K.H. (1995). Screening for fetal trisomies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 102, 957–962. Schuchter, K., Wald, N.J., Hackshaw, A.K., Hafner, E., Liebhardt, E. (1998). The distribution of nuchal translucency at 10–13 weeks of pregnancy, Prenat. Diagn., 18, 281–286. Wald, N.J., George, L., Smith, D., Densem, J.W., Petterson, K. (1996). On behalf of the International Prenatal Screening Research Group. Serum screening for Down’s syndrome between 8 and 14 weeks of pregnancy, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 103, 407– 412. Wald, N.J., Hackshaw, A.K. (1997). Combining ultrasound and biochemistry in first-trimester screening for Down’s syndrome, Prenat. Diagn., 17, 821–829. Wald, N.J., Kennard, A., Hackshaw, A., McGuire, A. (1997). Antenatal screening for Down’s syndrome, J. Med. Screren, 4, 181–246. Wald, N.J., Stone, R., Cuckle, H.S., Grudzinskas, J.G., Barkai, G., Brambati, B., Teisner, B., Fuhrmann, W. (1992). First trimester concentrations of PAPP-A and placental protein 14 in Down’s syndrome, BMJ, 305, 28.
Modeling Cultural Barriers in International Trade

The paper presents a model that analyzes the role of cultural differences in international trade. The decision to study foreign cultures and languages is incorporated into a simple trade model, which captures basic properties of cultural and language barriers. First, cultural costs differ from physical ones in that they can be eliminated by learning. Secondly, learning a language has economies of scale, thus smaller countries tend to invest more into learning. Thirdly, learning decisions within one country impose an externality on trading partners, since learning by one party makes communication easier also for the other one. This implies that learning decisions are in general inefficient, and the paper derives the connection between the equilibrium and optimal outcomes. Finally, because of the substitutability of learning among countries, a policy where a country subsidizes learning in the other nation-"cultural protectionism"-can be rationalized. Under certain conditions, such a policy can improve the welfare of both countries, in contrast to the case of regular export subsidies. Copyright © 2006 The Author; Journal compilation © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Exploring Tourists' Collaborative Web Search: Implications for System Design

Web searching has increasingly become a prevalent channel for tourists to conduct collaborative search for travelling information. In this paper, we report results of a user study on tourists’ collaborative search behaviour on the Web. The study aims to identify the features of collaboration and factors affecting the collaboration while tourists search for tourism information. Data collection techniques included preand post-search questionnaires, Web search logs, online chat logs during collaborative search, and post-search interviews. The analysis of search logs and chat logs data reveals the types of information the users exchange during the collaborative search for tourism information which includes Web links, messages related to the travel plan, division of search tasks and sharing of search results. The participants selected different search engines and tourism related websites based on the search task and their needs. The results also provide the contextual factors which influence the collaboration for tourism information are: the budget for the travel, the previous knowledge and the previous visit and the technology. The findings have practical implications for the content and presentation of tourism websites as well as the design of interface that supports online collaborative tourism information searching.
Use of visual and proprioceptive feedback to improve gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry following chronic stroke: a case series.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Persistent deficits in gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry are prevalent following stroke and can limit the achievement of community mobility goals. Rehabilitation can improve gait speed, but has shown limited ability to improve spatiotemporal symmetry. The incorporation of combined visual and proprioceptive feedback regarding spatiotemporal symmetry has the potential to be effective at improving gait.


CASE DESCRIPTION
A 60-year-old man (18 months poststroke) and a 53-year-old woman (21 months poststroke) each participated in gait training to improve gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry. Each patient performed 18 sessions (6 weeks) of combined treadmill-based gait training followed by overground practice. To assist with relearning spatiotemporal symmetry, treadmill-based training for both patients was augmented with continuous, real-time visual and proprioceptive feedback from an immersive virtual environment and a dual belt treadmill, respectively.


OUTCOMES
Both patients improved gait speed (patient 1: 0.35 m/s improvement; patient 2: 0.26 m/s improvement) and spatiotemporal symmetry. Patient 1, who trained with step-length symmetry feedback, improved his step-length symmetry ratio, but not his stance-time symmetry ratio. Patient 2, who trained with stance-time symmetry feedback, improved her stance-time symmetry ratio. She had no step-length asymmetry before training.


DISCUSSION
Both patients made improvements in gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry that exceeded those reported in the literature. Further work is needed to ascertain the role of combined visual and proprioceptive feedback for improving gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry after chronic stroke.
Attribute Aggregation and Federated Identity

A principal sometimes needs to present a combination of attributes from multiple identities from distinct organizations to fully identify itself This problem is rarely encountered in non-federated identity transactions because services operate within the context of a single identity domain. Federated identity allows for data about one entity to be scattered across multiple identities throughout the distributed system. These data must be unified through attribute aggregation to fully identify an entity. In order to do so, the identities must be associated in some fashion, the user must have a session with a service, and the service must have all the information it needs to process the attributes it receives