LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Architecture of Datapath-Or iented Coarse-Grain Logic and Routing for FPGAs ( March 2002 – March 2003 )

As the logic capacity of FPGAs increases, they are being used to implement ever-larger applications. Large applications, whether they are CPUs, graphics processors, digital signal processors, or packet switching networks, typically contain a greater amount of datapath logic, which is highly regular in structure. The efficient implementation of these highly regular structures has become an increasingly important issue to the overall area and performance of many FPGA applications. One promising architectural feature that can increase the area efficiency of datapath circuits implemented on FPGAs is the coarse-grain routing resources. Previously, there has been little study on FPGA architectures containing coarse-grain routing resources, primarily because of the lack of datapath benchmarks and the lack of automated CAD tools targeting coarsegrain routing resources. In this paper, we propose a new FPGA architecture that utilizes coarse-grain routing resources to increase the area efficiency of datapath circuit implementations. We also propose a new routing algorithm that intelligently uses the coarse-grain routing resources provided by the new architecture. Using this router, several other datapath-oriented CAD tools that we designed, and a set of datapath benchmarks that we extracted from the Pico-Java processor, we investigated several variants of our proposed FPGA architecture. We found that, our architecture is the most area efficient when 40% to 50% of the total routing tracks are coarse-grain. Furthermore, our architecture consistently outperform conventional FPGA architecture for implementing datapath designs. Overall, our architecture uses 9.6% less area than the conventional FPGA architecture.
GIA: An Agent-Based Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are complex, integrated systems that apply principles and methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to problems of education and training. In their role of knowledge communication systems (Wenger, 1987), ITSs strive to optimize learning of domain concepts and problem-solving skills by means of adaptive, individualized coached practice on domain tasks. ITS design has been a focus of research since the early days of work on AI, and over the years a variety of impressive results and implemented systems have been documented in the literature, e.g., SCHOLAR (Carbonell, 1970), GUIDON (Clancey, 1983), STEAMER (Hollan et al., 1984), the LISP Tutor (Anderson and Reiser, 1985) , and SHERLOCK (Lajoie and Lesgold, 1989).
Normal saline versus heparin solution to lock totally implanted venous access devices: Results from a multicenter randomized trial.

PURPOSE
Our aim was to determine the non-inferiority of normal saline flushing compared to heparin flushing in maintaining the patency of totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs).


METHOD
Four hundred and thirty patients were recruited from 14 Italian centres. Patients were randomized to heparin group or to normal saline group. The primary outcome of the study was TIVAD occlusion.


RESULTS
After randomisation, 203 patients were assigned to normal saline group and 212 to heparin group. Median follow up time was 204 days in normal saline group and 294 in the heparin group. We observed 24 withdrawal occlusions (5.78%): 10 in the heparin group and 14 in the normal saline group. One total occlusion was observed in the normal saline group. Taking as reference the arm treated with heparin, the absolute risk difference was 2.67 with the 90% CI including the non - inferiority margin of 4%. No significant difference between hazards of occlusion was found.


CONCLUSIONS
This study failed to demonstrate that normal saline flushing is not inferior to heparin flushing, even if a significant difference between the two treatments was not found. The use of heparin is controversial and other prospective trials are necessary in this field.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
EudraCT number: 2009-013620-22.
Aliasing Artifacts and Accidental Algorithmic Art

While developing a program to render Voronoi diagrams, I accidentally produced a strange and surprising image. The unexpected behaviour turned out to be caused by a combination of reasons from signal processing and computer architecture. I describe the process that led to the pattern, explain its structure, and display many of the wonderful designs that can be produced from this and related techniques.
Long-term effects of intermittent androgen suppression therapy on lean and fat mass: a 33-month prospective study

Background:To examine changes to whole body and regional lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) over 33 months of intermittent androgen suppression therapy (IAST).Methods:Phase II cohort study of 72 prostate cancer patients without metastatic bone disease. Patients received flutamide 250 mg tid and leuprolide 22.5 mg three monthly depot for the 9-month initial treatment phase (iTREAT), at which point patients ceased therapy providing PSA <4 ng ml−1 with continued monitoring for further 2 years (POST). AST was recommenced when PSA exceeded pretreatment level or ⩾20 ng ml−1. Body composition was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, completion of treatment phase, and 1 and 2 years post treatment phase (months 21 and 33).Results:LM decreased by 1.3 kg and FM increased by 2.3 kg (P<0.001) following iTREAT. During the POST period, there were no further adverse effects on LM or FM, but also no recovery to pretreatment levels. Patients who failed to recover testosterone by month 33 experienced a significant increase in FM compared with those who recovered eugonadal levels of testosterone (10 nmol ml−1; P=0.019). Change in testosterone was moderately correlated to changes in % FM (r=−0.314, P<0.028) and LM (r=0.300, P<0.036) during POST phase. Waist circumference progressively increased over time and by 2 years, POST had not recovered to baseline levels.Conclusions:Loss of LM and gain in FM during the 9-month iTREAT was not reversed during 2-year POST, although further deterioration was not observed. Subgroup analysis identified those recovering testosterone showed some body composition improvements. These findings suggest potential benefits of IAST, where testosterone levels are able to recover, to reduce the ongoing adverse effects on body composition, such as the acceleration of sarcopenia and risks associated with metabolic disease.
Demographic and social profile of epilepsy in a vulnerable low-income population in Bogotá, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION
Very few studies describe the demographic and social profile of epilepsy in vulnerable low-income populations.


METHODS
Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study prospectively recording data from all patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended a specialist neurology consultation between January and March 2014. Data were analysed using descriptive epidemiology tools.


RESULTS
A total of 107 patients were evaluated, of whom 24.2% were illiterate and only 10.2% had completed a higher education programme. Most of the patients (86.8%) had a low socioeconomic status; 73.8% were single and 76.7% were unemployed. The main risk factors for epilepsy in this population were recorded as follows: delayed psychomotor development (n=24, 22.4%), head trauma (n=16, 14.9%), and central nervous system infection (n=13, 12.1%). Most patients (70.1%) responded to antiepileptic drugs (controlled cases) and 15.4% (n=15) had drug-resistant epilepsy (refractory cases).


CONCLUSION
The demographic and clinical profiles of the patients included in this study resemble those published for high-income populations; differences are mostly limited to aetiological classification and risk factors. The social profile of the patients evaluated in this study shows high rates of unemployment, illiteracy, and single marital status. These findings seem to be more frequent and prevalent in this group than in high income populations.
Early full weight-bearing versus 6-week partial weight-bearing after open wedge high tibial osteotomy leads to earlier improvement of the clinical results: a prospective, randomised evaluation

Open wedge high tibial osteotomy is a widespread treatment option in patients with varus malalignment and medial compartment osteoarthritis. There is no standardised protocol for post-operative rehabilitation available. The purpose of this study was to compare two post-operative rehabilitation protocols and to evaluate the clinical outcome of early full weight-bearing after open wedge HTO. One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with varus malalignment and medial compartment osteoarthritis received an open wedge HTO using an angular locking plate fixation between December 2008 and December 2011. All patients were assigned randomly into one of two groups with different post-operative rehabilitation protocols (11-day vs. 6-week 20-kg partial weight-bearing). Clinical outcome was evaluated using established instruments (Lequesne, Lysholm, HSS and IKDC scores) preoperatively, 6, 12 and 18 months post-operatively. Deformity analysis was performed preoperatively and during follow-up. All clinical scores showed a significant pre- to post-operative improvement. After 6 months, there was a higher improvement in the group of early full weight-bearing. The difference between preoperative and 6-month follow-up for the group with early full weight-bearing and for the group with 20-kg PWB for 6 weeks was 28 ± 26 and 18 ± 22, respectively, for the Lysholm score and −5.0 ± 5.1 and −3.0 ± 3.6, respectively, for the Lequesne score. Early full weight-bearing (11-day 20-kg partial weight-bearing) after open wedge HTO without bone graft leads to earlier improvement of the clinical results and can be recommended for post-operative rehabilitation after open wedge HTO and fixation with an angular locking plate. Therapeutic study, Level I.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Haiti: Past, Present, and Future

Haiti has the lowest rates of access to improved water and sanitation infrastructure in the western hemisphere. This situation was likely exacerbated by the earthquake in 2010 and also contributed to the rapid spread of the cholera epidemic that started later that same year. This report examines the history of the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector in Haiti, considering some factors that have influenced WASH conditions in the country. We then discuss the situation sine the earthquake and subsequent cholera epidemic, and the responses to those events. Finally, drawing on Haiti's National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Cholera in Haiti 2013-2022, we suggest some actions that could help bring about long-term WASH improvements for the future. Because the current WASH situation has evolved over decades of limited attention and resources, it will take a long-term, sustained effort to improve the situation.
Rehabilitation of the short pelvic floor. II: Treatment of the patient with the short pelvic floor

Several urogynecologic syndromes are associated with the clinical finding of a short, painful, tender and weak pelvic floor and a variety of connective tissue abnormalities. Techniques for rehabilitation include the avoidance of perpetuating factors, rehabilitation of extrapelvic musculoskeletal abnormalities, the use of manual techniques and needling to promote resolution of connective tissue problems, closure of any diastasis recti, and transvaginal/transrectal manual release of muscular trigger points and contractures. Therapy can be facilitated by pudendal or epidural nerve block. Patients contribute to their success through home maintenance programs.
Analysis on botnet detection techniques

Botnet detection plays an important role in network security. Botnet are collection of compromised computers called the bot. For detecting the presence of bots in a network, there are many detection techniques available. Network based detection method is the one of the efficient method in detecting bots. Paper reviews four different botnet detection techniques and a comparison of all these techniques are done.
Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression.

BACKGROUND
Childhood trauma increases the risks of both depression and dysfunctional emotion regulation, which is a factor that has been strongly linked to depression. Because of these demonstrated relationships, it can be hypothesized that dysfunctional emotion regulation is a mediator of the association between childhood trauma and depression.


METHODS
To test this hypothesis, we assessed the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire) on the relationship between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression severity (24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) as well as depression lifetime persistency (i.e., lifetime percentage spent in major depressive episodes; assessed via SCID and Life Chart Interviews) in 269 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).


RESULTS
Bootstrapping-enhanced mediation analyses indicated that deficits in general emotion regulation mediated the association of childhood trauma to both depression severity and depression lifetime persistency. Further exploratory analyses indicated that specific emotion regulation skills (such as the ability to mindfully observe, accept, and tolerate undesired emotions or the willingness to voluntarily confront situations that prompt negative emotions in order to attain personally relevant goals) significantly mediated the association between childhood trauma and depression severity. Willingness to confront was a mediator for both depression outcomes (depression severity and lifetime persistency).


LIMITATIONS
The employed mediation analyses are cross-sectional in nature, which limits any firm conclusions regarding causality.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings support the assumption that a sophisticated emotion regulation may help prevent the onset or unfavorable course of depression in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma.
Efficient Public Verification of Data Integrity for Cloud Storage Systems from Indistinguishability Obfuscation

Cloud storage services allow users to outsource their data to cloud servers to save local data storage costs. However, unlike using local storage devices, users do not physically manage the data stored on cloud servers; therefore, the data integrity of the outsourced data has become an issue. Many public verification schemes have been proposed to enable a third-party auditor to verify the data integrity for users. These schemes make an impractical assumption—the auditors have enough computation capability to bear expensive verification costs. In this paper, we propose a novel public verification scheme for the cloud storage using indistinguishability obfuscation, which requires a lightweight computation on the auditor and the delegate most computation to the cloud. We further extend our scheme to support batch verification and data dynamic operations, where multiple verification tasks from different users can be performed efficiently by the auditor and the cloud-stored data can be updated dynamically. Compared with other existing works, our scheme significantly reduces the auditor’s computation overhead. Moreover, the batch verification overhead on the auditor side in our scheme is independent of the number of verification tasks. Our scheme could be practical in a scenario, where the data integrity verifications are executed frequently, and the number of verification tasks (i.e., the number of users) is numerous; even if the auditor is equipped with a low-power device, it can verify the data integrity efficiently. We prove the security of our scheme under the strongest security model proposed by Shi et al. (ACM CCS 2013). Finally, we conduct a performance analysis to demonstrate that our scheme is more efficient than other existing works in terms of the auditor’s communication and computation efficiency.
Internet of intelligent things and robot as a service

Article history: Received 21 January 2012 Received in revised form 16 March 2012 Accepted 17 March 2012 Available online 17 April 2012
First Year And Capstone Design Projects: Is The Bookend Curriculum Approach Effective For Skill Gain?

Universities and colleges across the country are being challenged to graduate undergraduate engineering students who are technically and professionally proficient. Project-based curriculum reforms have been instituted within several engineering programs in an effort to address this demand. The pedagogical philosophy implemented by several institutions positions project-based courses at the beginning and end of the undergraduate engineering curriculum—creating a bookend curriculum with First-Year Engineering Projects courses and Senior Capstone Design courses. First-Year Engineering Projects courses provide students with hands-on engineering opportunities and introduce students to professional components of an engineering career. Senior Capstone courses also incorporate technical knowledge and real-world problem solving, with an emphasis on professional skills. Yet, an unanswered question remains: is student confidence in professional and technical engineering skills gained and retained when problem-based learning classes are only utilized in the freshman and senior-year year? This research project longitudinally investigates the technical and professional skill development of mechanical engineering students at the University of Colorado at Boulder, where a bookend project-based curriculum is employed. The paper provides an overview of the First-Year Engineering Projects and the mechanical engineering Senior Capstone Design project course used for this study. Technical and professional skill objectives are also discussed within the paper. Pre and post skill surveys were used to assess First-Year Engineering Projects and the Senior Capstone Design classes. Results from two cohorts—followed longitudinally—indicate that student confidence in skills deteriorates between the end of the first-year and beginning of the senior year in five categories: Engineering as a Career, Engineering Methods, Design, Communication and Teamwork.
Frequencies of vapor molecules used to determine the thermal capacity and entropy of alkali-halide crystals

This method is based on the relation between the frequencies of the molecules in the vapor and in the crystal; it has been used to find the specific heats in the range 0–300δK. The trends are discussed.
Algorithm to generate the Archimedean, finite, negative tomonoids

We study Archimedean, finite, negative totally ordered monoids. We describe an algorithm which generate the structures of this type in a step-wise fashion. Our approach benefits from the level set representation of monoids and is inspired by web geometry.
On Economic Mobile Cloud Computing Model

Cloud has become a promising service model for mobile devices. Using cloud services, mobile devices can outsource its computationally intensive operations to the cloud, such as searching, data mining, and multimedia processing. In this service computing model, how to build an economic service provisioning scheme is critical for mobile cloud service providers. Particularly when the mobile cloud resource is restricted. In this paper, we present an economic mobile cloud computing model using Semi-Markov Decision Process for mobile cloud resource allocation. Our model takes the considerations the cloud computing capacity, the overall cloud system gain, and expenses of mobile users using cloud services. Based on the best of our knowledge, our presented model is the first to address the economic service provisioning for mobile cloud services. In the performance evaluation, we showed that the presented economic mobile cloud computing model can produce the optimal system gain with a given cloud service inter-domain transfer probability.
Kindlin 2 Regulates Myogenic Related Factor Myogenin via a Canonical Wnt Signaling in Myogenic Differentiation

Kindlin 2, as an integrin-associated protein, is required for myocyte elongation and fusion. However, the association of Kindlin 2 with muscle differentiation-related signaling pathways is unknown. Here, we identified a mechanism that Kindlin 2 regulates myogenic regulatory factors myogenin via a canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that knockdown of Kindlin 2 leads to the abolishment of β-catenin/TCF4-mediated transcription in C2C12 cells, followed by the impairment of myogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, nuclear translocation of both Kindlin 2 and β-catenin is induced during myogenic differentiation. In particular, Kindlin 2 forms a tripartite complex with active β-catenin and TCF4, and hence co-occupied on the promoter of myogenin to enhance its expression. Functionally, depletion of Kindlin 2 impairs myogenic differentiation via downregulation of myogenin. Taken together, our data reveal that Kindlin 2 is required for Wnt signaling-regulated myogenic differentiation, providing a mechanistic insight into the role of Kindlin-2 in muscle development.
The REFORM study protocol: a cohort randomised controlled trial of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for the prevention of falls in older people

INTRODUCTION
Falls and fall-related injuries are a serious cause of morbidity and cost to society. Foot problems and inappropriate footwear may increase the risk of falls; therefore podiatric interventions may play a role in reducing falls. Two Cochrane systematic reviews identified only one study of a podiatry intervention aimed to reduce falls, which was undertaken in Australia. The REFORM trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention in reducing falls in people aged 65 years and over in a UK and Irish setting.


METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This multicentre, cohort randomised controlled trial will recruit 2600 participants from routine podiatry clinics in the UK and Ireland to the REFORM cohort. In order to detect a 10% point reduction in falls from 50% to 40%, with 80% power 890 participants will be randomised to receive routine podiatry care and a falls prevention leaflet or routine podiatry care, a falls prevention leaflet and a multifaceted podiatry intervention. The primary outcome is rate of falls (falls/person/time) over 12 months assessed by patient self-report falls diary. Secondary self-report outcome measures include: the proportion of single and multiple fallers and time to first fall over a 12-month period; Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International; fear of falling in the past 4 weeks; Frenchay Activities Index; fracture rate; Geriatric Depression Scale; EuroQoL-five dimensional scale 3-L; health service utilisation at 6 and 12 months. A qualitative study will examine the acceptability of the package of care to participants and podiatrists.


ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The trial has received a favourable opinion from the East of England-Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee and Galway Research Ethics Committee. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conference presentations.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN68240461 assigned 01/07/2011.