LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Lysosomotropic Drugs: Pharmacological Tools to Study Lysosomal Function.

BACKGROUND
Lysosomotropic molecules are taken up into lysosomes in vitro and in vivo. Many drugs approved for clinical medicine are lysosomotropic agents, characterized by promoting particular effects including cytoplasmic vacuolization, increase in number and size of lysosomes, inhibition of their enzymes and accumulation of undegraded material, leading mainly to phospholipidosis. Despite lysosomotropism has been extensively described and studied, the pathophysiological significance of this process is still not well understood. Objetive: In this review, we focus on what is known about the effects of lysosomotropic drugs on specific lysosomal functions and their similarities with the phenotypic features of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs).


CONCLUSION
Some effects of lysosomotropic drugs are very similar to pathologic features of human genetic diseases affecting lysosomal function, and therefore these drugs can be used as tools to understand the mechanisms underlying such patho-pathways as well as to create pharmacologically-induced models of LSDs.
Psychometric properties of the SF-12 (Hebrew version) in a primary care population in Israel.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-12) (Hebrew version) in a large primary care patient sample in Israel.


SUBJECTS
The sample comprised 3631 adult primary care patients who were screened for depression in a longitudinal design.


MEASURES
SF-12 yielding two scores: the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12). For comparison, the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression scale (CES-D), two subscales from the 90-item Hopkins Symptom Scale (SCL-90), Quality of Life Depression Scale (QLDS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure - Bref (WHOQoL-Bref), and interviewer-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were also administered.


RESULTS
Score distribution was satisfactory, the amount of missing data was minimal and item-to-item correlations were satisfactory. Floor and ceiling effects were minimal in items with more than three response options. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-dimensional model of health. Test-retest reliability was good for both summary scales in a nondepressed population and for PCS-12 in the depressed population, but only moderate for MCS-12 in the depressed population. In regard to convergent validity, MCS-12 correlated negatively and significantly with the CES-D, QLDS, and two SCL-90 anxiety subscales, and positively and significantly with four WHOQoL-Bref domains. PCS-12 correlated positively and significantly with the WHOQoL-Bref physical domain. Discriminative validity was established in that both PCS-12 and MCS-12 showed meaningful effect sizes between groups with various degrees of physical and mental health problems. Sensitivity to change was established in that both PCS-12 and MCS-12 change scores were significantly different in subjects who had been depressed but were no longer so, as compared with those who were still depressed at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The SF-12 (Hebrew version) is a reliable and valid measure, particularly in a nondepressed population.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) versus the health-enhancement program (HEP) for adults with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized control trial study protocol

BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability in the developed world, yet broadly effective treatments remain elusive. Up to 40% of patients with depression are unresponsive to at least two trials of antidepressant medication and thus have "treatment-resistant depression" (TRD). There is an urgent need for cost-effective, non-pharmacologic, evidence-based treatments for TRD. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an effective treatment for relapse prevention and residual depression in major depression, but has not been previously studied in patients with TRD in a large randomized trial.


METHODS/DESIGN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MBCT is an effective augmentation of antidepressants for adults with MDD who failed to respond to standard pharmacotherapy. MBCT was compared to an active control condition, the Health-Enhancement Program (HEP), which incorporates physical activity, functional movement, music therapy and nutritional advice. HEP was designed as a comparator condition for mindfulness-based interventions to control for non-specific effects. Originally investigated in a non-clinical sample to promote stress reduction, HEP was adapted for a depressed population for this study. Individuals age 18 and older with moderate to severe TRD, who failed to respond to at least two trials of antidepressants in the current episode, were recruited to participate. All participants were taking antidepressants (Treatment as usual; TAU) at the time of enrollment. After signing an informed consent, participants were randomly assigned to either MBCT or HEP condition. Participants were followed for 1 year and assessed at weeks 1-7, 8, 24, 36, and 52. Change in depression severity, rate of treatment response and remission after 8 weeks were the primary outcomes measured by the clinician-rated Hamilton Depression Severity Rating (HAM-D) 17-item scale. The participant-rated Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomology (QIDS-SR) 16-item scale was the secondary outcome measure of depression severity, response, and remission.


DISCUSSION
Treatment-resistant depression entails significant morbidity and has few effective treatments. We studied the effect of augmenting antidepressant medication with MBCT, compared with a HEP control, for patients with TRD. Analyses will focus on clinician and patient assessment of depression, participants' clinical global impression change, employment and social functioning scores and quality of life and satisfaction ratings.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01021254.
An Integrated Approach to Measure Web Site Effectiveness in the European Hotel Industry

This study employs a novel method of Web content extraction and analysis to investigate the evolving competitive landscape in an important business-to-consumer (B2C) area: travel and tourism. Findings from a comprehensive Web mining endeavor and a supplier survey shed light on the effectiveness of tourism Web sites. Important dimensions of the automated measurement are ease of navigation, interactive elements such as reservation and booking features, volume of textual and graphical information, number of available languages, and the textual diversity of documents. Precise textual information and interactive features are crucial to the success of a hotel Web site, measured in terms of tourists’ awareness, electronic inquiries, and online bookings. The article discusses differences between four European destinations and the implications of benchmarks for Web site management.
Obstructive sleep apnea in older adults is a distinctly different physiological phenotype.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
Current evidence suggests that the pathological mechanisms underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are altered with age. However, previous studies examining individual physiological traits known to contribute to OSA pathogenesis have been assessed in isolation, primarily in healthy individuals.


DESIGN
We assessed the four physiological traits responsible for OSA in a group of young and old patients with OSA.


SETTING
Sleep research laboratory.


PARTICIPANTS
Ten young (20-40 y) and old (60 y and older) patients with OSA matched by body mass index and sex.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Pharyngeal anatomy/collapsibility, loop gain (LG), upper airway muscle responsiveness/gain (UAG) and the respiratory arousal threshold were determined using multiple 2- to 3-min decreases or drops in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Passive pharyngeal anatomy/collapsibility was quantified as the ventilation at CPAP = 0 cmH2O immediately after the CPAP drop. LG was defined as the ratio of the ventilatory overshoot to the preceding reduction in ventilation. UAG was taken as the ratio of the increase in ventilation to the increase in ventilatory drive across the pressure drop. Arousal threshold was estimated as the ventilatory drive that caused arousal. Veupnea was quantified as the mean ventilation prior to the pressure drop. In comparison with younger patients with OSA, older patients had a more collapsible airway (ventilation at 0 cmH2O = 3.4 ± 0.9 versus 1.5 ± 0.7 L/min; P = 0.05) but lower Veupnea (8.2 ± 0.5 versus 6.1 ± 0.4 L/min; P < 0.01) and a lower LG (5.0 ± 0.7 versus 2.9 ± 0.5; P < 0.05). The remaining traits were similar between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that airway anatomy/collapsibility plays a relatively greater pathogenic role in older adults, whereas a sensitive ventilatory control system is a more prominent trait in younger adults with obstructive sleep apnea.


CITATION
Edwards BA, Wellman A, Sands SA, Owens RL, Eckert DJ, White DP, Malhotra A. Obstructive sleep apnea in older adults is a distinctly different physiological phenotype.
The theory of diffraction-limited resolution in microparticle image velocimetry

A theory of diffraction-limited spot size is developed for infinity-corrected microscope optics. Previously reported formulae were originally derived using a single-lens system. In addition, the previously reported relationship between f -number and numerical aperture assumed a paraxial approximation and was limited to air-immersion lenses. Here, a new relationship between f -number and numerical aperture is developed, and is valid for all numerical apertures and all immersion media. In addition, a new theory is developed that estimates the effective numerical aperture of an oil-immersion lens when imaging into fluid of a lower refractive index, such as water. The results indicated that when imaging into water, high numerical aperture NA = 1.0 or 1.2 water-immersion lenses provide comparable and sometimes better diffraction-limited resolution than NA = 1.4 oil-immersion lenses. In addition, when imaging into water, water-immersion lenses may provide superior image quality, because they are corrected for aberrations resulting from the water/glass interface.
Ecological public health: the 21st century's big idea? An essay by Tim Lang and Geof Rayner.

It seems to be the fate of public health as concept, movement, and reality to veer between political sensitivity and the obscure margins. Only occasionally does it gain what policy analysts often refer to as traction. Partly this is because public health tends to be about the big picture of society, and thus threatens vested interests. Also, public health proponents have allowed themselves to be corralled into the narrow policy language of individualism and choice. These notions have extensively framed public discussion about health, as though they are not tempered by other values in the real world. As a result, the public health field suffers from poor articulation, image, and understanding. The connection between evidence, policy, and practice is often hesitant, not helped by the fact that public health can often be amatter of political action—awillingness to risk societal change to create a better fit between human bodies and the conditions in which they live. We have reviewed how public health theory and practice have evolved over the last two or three centuries, and looked at the challenges present and ahead, and we conclude a rethink is in order. In difficult economic times, public health too easily falls down the political agenda. It is judged worthy but not a political priority. Yet there is strong evidence that health is societally determined, that public health is high in the public’s notion of what a good society is, and that health underpins economics. 4 What we’ve forgotten with public health
Harmonic analysis of slip power recovery drives

A method of evaluating harmonic currents and voltages associated with slip power recovery drives is presented. The rectifier commutation overlap and DC link current ripple are included in the analysis by using a hybrid between the traditional d-q and a-b-c induction motor models. The harmonic components are determined from closed-form expressions which are functions of the numerical values of the distorted waveforms. Computer simulations illustrate the nonperiodic nature of the stator currents and typical harmonic contents of rotor phase current and voltage as well as inverter current at various speed values.<<ETX>>
Removal of contrast media by different extracorporeal treatments.

BACKGROUND
Although the capability of extracorporeal treatments after administration of contrast media to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy is controversial, haemodialysis is performed in many institutions after radiographic procedures. There are conflicting reports on the efficacy of different dialysers and treatment modalities to remove contrast media.


METHODS
We compared the contrast medium-removing ability of different extracorporeal treatments in a randomized trial. Thirty-nine patients on chronic renal-replacement therapy or with chronic renal failure were randomized to receive low-flux haemodialysis (Low-HD, n=10), high-flux haemodialysis (High-HD, n=10), online haemodiafiltration (HDF, 10 litre substitution, n=10) and online haemofiltration (HF, 18 litre substitution, n=9) after administration of contrast medium during routine radiological procedures. Plasma concentrations of contrast medium (iopromide or iomeprol) were measured by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis.


RESULTS
The extraction ratio for contrast media was 0.64+/-0.1 for Low HD (P<0.05 vs. High-HD and vs. HDF), 0.74+/-0.1 for High-HD (P<0.05 vs. HF), 0.81+/-0.1 for HDF (P<0.05 vs HF), and 0.62+/-0.1 for HF. Mean extracorporeal plasma clearances were 82+/-2 for Low-HD (P<0.05 vs. High-HD and vs HDF), 100+/-2 for High-HD, 115+/-4 for HDF (P<0.05 vs. HF), and 86+/-5 ml/min for HF.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that HDF and High-HD remove contrast media more effectively than Low-HD and HF during the time of each treatment session. However, whether this is also true for the overall elimination of contrast media by these different procedures needs to be addressed in future studies, by a precise assessment of the drug time course after the session.
Female online shoppers: Examining the mediating roles of e-satisfaction and e-trust on e-loyalty development

Female online shoppers: examining the mediating roles of e-satisfaction and e-trust on e-loyalty development Shihyu Chou Chi-Wen Chen Jiun-You Lin Article information: To cite this document: Shihyu Chou Chi-Wen Chen Jiun-You Lin , (2015),"Female online shoppers: examining the mediating roles of e-satisfaction and e-trust on e-loyalty development", Internet Research, Vol. 25 Iss 4 pp. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2014-0006
Association of ADRA2A and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with weight loss following antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.

OBJECTIVES
Various genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether risk polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes are associated with reduction in body mass index (BMI) of patients following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.


METHODS
We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients with metabolic abnormalities and who have been on at least 1 year treatment with other antipsychotics; they were then switched to either aripiprazole or ziprasidone. They were genotyped, and their BMI monitored for 6 months.


RESULTS
Significant associations with reduction in BMI at 6 months following switching were found in two of these genes: with rs1800544 of the ADRA2A gene (CC + CG [-0.32 ± 1.41 kg/m²] vs GG [-1.04 ± 1.63 kg/m²], p = 0.013) and with rs1801131 of the MTHFR gene (AA [-0.36 ± 1.53] vs AC + CC [-1.07 ± 1.53], p = 0.015).


CONCLUSION
The study data indicated that carriage of the ADRA2A rs1800544 GG genotype and the MTHFR rs1801131 C allele are associated with BMI reduction in this population following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole and ziprasidone.
COMPULSORY CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION

In 2002 the government decided that Continuing Medical Education (CME) will be compulsory for all physicians. The reform has been implemented progressively since then. Compulsory Continuing Medical Education (CCME) includes different types of programs which aim to maintain and improve doctors? medical knowledge. Doctors are asked to participate in a number of educational programs/activities to obtain a specific certificate every five years.
The End of the “ Modern Corporation ” : Deregulation and Ownership of Electric Utilities

Berle and Means (1932) claimed that “modern” corporations in the United States had diffuse ownership. Their claim characterizes regulated electric utilities until the mid1990s. But following the 1992 EPACT deregulation, block ownership in utilities increased sharply, relative to a matched sample of non-utilities, which already had large blocks by the 90s. The post-EPACT blocks in utilities were not long-term investments by monitors but short duration speculative investments. With the financial crisis of 2008, large active investors are replaced by asset managers. In sum, dispersed ownership arose through the regulatory protections introduced in the 1930s and disappeared following their repeal. 1 We owe special thanks to Nicholas Beauchamp, Katrina Evtimova, Daniel Kangmin Ko, Umberto Mignozzetti, Jin Nie, Peter Ryan, Becci Weiss, and Wei Xiong for superb research assistance. We are also grateful to Jas Sekhon and John Henderson for advice on matching. We thank Colin Mayer and Wei Jiang for their suggestions at early stages of our project. We are grateful to the following research centers at Columbia University for their financial support: the Center for Global Economic Governance, the Chazen Institute, the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, and the Richman Center. 2
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been found to reduce psychological distress and improve psychological adjustment in medical, psychiatric, and nonclinical samples. We examined its effects on several processes, attitudes, and behavior patterns related to emotion regulation.


DESIGN
Fifty-six adults were randomly assigned to MBSR or to a waiting list (WL).


RESULTS
Compared with WL completers (n = 21), MBSR completers (n = 20) reported significantly greater increases in trait mindfulness and decreases in absent-mindedness, greater increases in self-compassion, and decreases in fear of emotions, suppression of anger, aggressive anger expression, worry, and difficulties regulating emotions. The WL group subsequently received MBSR, and the two groups combined showed significant changes on all of these variables from pre-MBSR to post-MBSR, and on all except the 2 anger variables from pre-test to 2-month follow-up, as well as significant reductions in rumination.


CONCLUSION
An 8-week mindfulness training program might increase mindful awareness in daily life and have beneficial impact on clinically relevant emotion regulation processes.
Novel technique to calculate the effect of electromagnetic field of HVTL on the metallic pipelines by using EMTP program

Electromagnetic interference effects of transmission lines upon near by metallic pipelines are real problems especially in faulty cases. Electromagnetic can be induced on a pipeline from overhead power lines in close proximity by (1) capacitance, (2) conductance, (3) and induction [1]. The electrical influence exerted by power line on a pipeline varies with the electrical characteristics and geometry on the individual system. Electromagnetic induced on pipeline poses a shock hazard rather than a corrosion concern. One of the greatest causes of voltage induction on pipelines is line current flow[2]. Current flow in an AC conductor creates an electromagnetic field of force which always lies at right angles to the current that produces it. With alternating current, the field expands away from the conductor and then collapses towards the conductor at a rate which is a function of the system frequency[3]. The magnitude of the induced voltage on the pipeline is a function of the following: separation between AC conductors and pipeline, the magnitude of electric system current flow (especially in short circuit cases), resistivity of the soil, and the screening factors[3]. Many formulas are used to calculate the mutual impedances and the pipeline induced voltages between the power lines and pipeline such as Carson and Pollaczek formula [2-4]. Carson-Clem formula [5-7] and Haber-Lands formula [5].In this paper the induced voltage due to mutual inductance between power lines and pipelines especially in short circuit conditions of high voltage over head transmission lines is investigated under different short circuit cases, the effect of ground conductors on reducing the mutual interface between the power lines and pipelines is discussed also. The soil resistivity variation is taken into consideration. New technique by using EMTP and design Matlab M-file program by the author are used to calculate the pipeline induced voltage.
Randomized trial of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, sibrafiban, in patients after an acute coronary syndrome: results of the TIMI 12 trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND
Inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor given intravenously have been shown to be effective in reducing ischemic complications after coronary angioplasty and in unstable angina, making this a promising new class of agents for the treatment and prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Sibrafiban (Ro 48-3657) is an oral, peptidomimetic, selective antagonist of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 12 trial was a phase II, double-blind, dose-ranging trial designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability of sibrafiban in 329 patients after acute coronary syndromes. In the PK/PD cohort of TIMI 12, 106 patients were randomized to receive one of seven dosing regimens of sibrafiban, ranging from 5 mg daily to 10 mg twice daily for 28 days. In the safety cohort, 223 patients were randomized to one of four dose regimens of sibrafiban (ranging from 5 mg twice daily to 15 mg once daily) or aspirin for 28 days. High levels of platelet inhibition were achieved: mean peak values ranged from 47% to 97% inhibition of 20 micromol/L ADP-induced platelet aggregation on day 28 across the seven doses. Twice-daily dosing provided more sustained platelet inhibition (mean inhibition, 36% to 86% on day 28), whereas platelet inhibition returned to baseline levels by 24 hours with once-daily dosing. Major hemorrhage occurred in 1.5% of patients treated with sibrafiban and in 1.9% of patients treated with aspirin. Protocol-defined "minor" bleeding, usually mucocutaneous, occurred in 0% to 32% of patients in the various sibrafiban groups and in none of the patients treated with aspirin. Minor bleeding was related to total daily dose (P=.002), once- versus twice-daily dosing (P<.0001), renal function (P<.0001), and presentation with unstable angina (P<.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist sibrafiban achieved effective, long-term platelet inhibition with a clear dose-response but at the expense of a relatively high incidence of minor bleeding. Oral IIb/IIIa inhibition deserves further study as a new treatment strategy in patients after acute coronary syndromes.