LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
'We desperately need some help here'--The experience of legal experts with sexual assault and evidence collection in rural communities.

INTRODUCTION
Approximately 30% of people in rural communities report a sexual assault within their lifetime. The medico-legal response to a report of sexual assault may leave a significant impact on the victim. The purpose of this article is to examine the experiences of legal providers from rural communities, who assist victims of sexual assault.


METHODS
A sample of expert participants were interviewed and included seven commonwealth attorneys (the state prosecuting attorneys in Virginia), six sheriffs or police investigators, and five victim-witness advocates, all from rural areas of Virginia. Qualitative data were collected by in-person interviews with a hermeneutic-phenomenological format.


RESULTS
The experts interviewed described prosecution difficulties related to evidence collection and unrealistic jury expectations. These legal experts also shared frustrations with limitations in local services and limitations in the experiences of local sexual assault nurse examiners.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a context for understanding the rural medico-legal response to sexual assault and for the importance of the role of the sexual assault nurse examiner to rural populations. Interdisciplinary collaboration is key to improving prosecution outcomes as well as victim support after reporting.
Neurological manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, with particular reference to the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Neurological manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders are described, with particular reference to those resembling multiple sclerosis (MS) on clinical or MRI grounds. Patients with celiac disease can present cerebellar ataxia, progressive myoclonic ataxia, myelopathy, or cerebral, brainstem and peripheral nerve involvement. Antigliadin antibodies can be found in subjects with neurological dysfunction of unknown cause, particularly in sporadic cerebellar ataxia (“gluten ataxia”). Patients with Whipple's disease can develop mental and psychiatric changes, suprancuclear gaze palsy, upper motoneuron signs, hypothalamic dysfunction, cranial nerve abnormalities, seizures, ataxia, myorhythmia and sensory deficits. Neurological manifestations can complicate inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) due to vascular or vasculitic machanisms. Cases with both Crohn's disease and MS or cerebral vasculitis are described. Epilepsy, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, muscle involvement and myasthenia gravis are also reported. The central nervous system can be affected in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection because of vasculitis associated with HCV-related cryoglobulinemia. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a disease caused by multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA. It is characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, deafness, leukoencephalopathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms due to visceral neuropathy. Neurological manifestations can be the consequence of vitamin B1, nicotinamide, vitamin B12, vitamin D, or vitamin E deficiency and from nutritional deficiency states following gastric surgery.
Robust control and H∞-optimization - Tutorial paper

-The paper presents a tutorial exposition of ~=-optimal regulation theory, emphasizing the relevance of the mixed sensitivity problem for robust control system design.
Vulvar verruciform xanthoma: ten cases associated with lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, or other conditions.

BACKGROUND
Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign tumor that usually involves the oral cavity. Since the first report of this tumor in 1971, only 9 cases have been reported on the vulva, and 3 of these were associated with another vulvar condition. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 10 patients with vulvar VX and focus on their associated conditions.


OBSERVATION
The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range, 51-80 years). The VX lesions were asymptomatic, yellowish-orange verrucous plaques. The diagnosis was clinically suspected in 2 cases; other suggested diagnoses were condyloma or squamous cell carcinoma. All of the patients had an associated vulvar condition: lichen sclerosus (6 patients), lichen planus (2 patients), Paget disease, or radiodermatitis. Under microscopy, the VX lesions displayed parakeratosis, acanthosis without atypia, and elongated rete ridges. Xanthomatous cells were aggregated in the papillary dermis.


CONCLUSIONS
Vulvar VX is a benign tumor with misleading clinical features. All 10 cases were associated with a vulvar condition, mainly a lichen sclerosus. Therefore, VX might represent a reaction pattern induced by different conditions, mainly characterized by damage to the dermoepidermal junction. When confronted with the diagnosis of vulvar VX, clinicians may look for an associated vulvar condition.
A Semi-Physiological Population Model to Quantify the Effect of Hematocrit on Everolimus Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Cancer Patients

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Everolimus (a drug from the class of mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] inhibitors) is associated with frequent toxicity-related dose reductions. Everolimus accumulates in erythrocytes, but the extent to which hematocrit affects everolimus plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is unknown. We aimed to investigate the everolimus pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and the influence of hematocrit in cancer patients.


METHODS
A semi-physiological pharmacokinetic model for everolimus was developed from pharmacokinetic data from 73 patients by non-linear mixed-effects modeling. Using a simulation study with a known pharmacodynamic model describing S6K1 (a downstream mTOR effector) inhibition, we investigated the impact of hematocrit.


RESULTS
The apparent volume of distribution of the central and peripheral compartment were estimated to be 207 L with a relative standard error (RSE) of 5.0 % and 485 L (RSE 4.2 %), respectively, with an inter-compartmental clearance of 72.1 L/h (RSE 3.2 %). The apparent intrinsic clearance was 198 L/h (RSE 4.3 %). A decrease in hematocrit from 45 % to 20 % resulted in a predicted reduction in whole-blood exposure of ~50 %, but everolimus plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were not affected. The predicted S6K1 inhibition was at a plateau level in the approved dose of 10 mg once daily.


CONCLUSIONS
A population pharmacokinetic model was developed for everolimus in cancer patients. Hematocrit influenced whole-blood pharmacokinetics, but not plasma pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. Everolimus whole-blood concentrations should always be corrected for hematocrit. Since predicted mTOR inhibition was at a plateau level in the approved dose, dose reductions may have only a limited impact on mTOR inhibition.
Hyperparameter estimation for satellite image restoration using a MCMC maximum-likelihood method

The satellite image deconvolution problem is ill-posed and must be regularized. Herein, we use an edge-preserving regularization model using a ' function, involving two hyperparameters. Our goal is to estimate the optimal parameters in order to automatically reconstruct images. We propose to use the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), applied to the observed image. We need sampling from prior and posterior distributions. Since the convolution prevents from using standard samplers, we have developed a modiied Geman-Yang algorithm, using an auxiliary variable and a cosine transform. We present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Maximum Likelihood (MCMCML) technique which is able to simultaneously achieve the estimation and the reconstruction.
Analysis and Management Measures of Water Pollution in Laboratory

Due to the laboratory environmental protection concepts and technology reasons,laboratory water pollution has become a major environmental issues need to be resolved.If the laboratory sewage is directly discharged into the sewer without treatment,it would seriously endanger the social environment and human health.This article explored the laboratory water pollution problems from improving laboratory environmental awareness and skills.
Project risk management : lessons learned from software development environment

The challenges and realities in applying effective software risk management processes are difficult, in particular integrating the risk management processes into software development organizations. However, the benefits of implementing effective risk management tools and techniques in software development project are equally great. Current perceptions and emerging trends of various software risk management practices are reviewed and risks specific to software development projects are identified. Implementing effective risk management process will succeed by changing the organizational culture. This paper addresses lessons learned from implementing project risk management practices in software development environment.  2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enhancing Video Summarization via Vision-Language Embedding

This paper addresses video summarization, or the problem of distilling a raw video into a shorter form while still capturing the original story. We show that visual representations supervised by freeform language make a good fit for this application by extending a recent submodular summarization approach [9] with representativeness and interestingness objectives computed on features from a joint vision-language embedding space. We perform an evaluation on two diverse datasets, UT Egocentric [18] and TV Episodes [45], and show that our new objectives give improved summarization ability compared to standard visual features alone. Our experiments also show that the vision-language embedding need not be trained on domainspecific data, but can be learned from standard still image vision-language datasets and transferred to video. A further benefit of our model is the ability to guide a summary using freeform text input at test time, allowing user customization.
Bidirectional LSTM-RNN with Bi-attention for reading comprehension (

12 In this work, we implemented bi-directional LSTM-RNN network to solve 13 the reading comprehension problem. The problem is, given a question and a 14 context (contains the answer to the question), find the answer in the context. 15 Following the method in paper [11], we use bi-attention to make the link 16 from question to context and from context to question, to make good use of 17 the information of relationship between the two parts. By using inner 18 product, we find the probabilities of the context word to be the first or last 19 word of answer. Also, we used some improvement to the paper reducing the 20 training time and improving the accuracy. After adjusting parameters, the 21 best model has performance of F1=48% and EM=33% leaderboard. 22 23
N=2 Gauged Supergravity with Stable dS Vacuum and Masses of Ultra-Light Scalars in Einstein Field Equations

In most of the models of dark energy it is assumed that the cosmological constant is equal to zero and the potential energy V (φ) of the scalar field driving the present stage of acceleration, slowly decreases and eventually vanishes as the field rolls to φ = ∞. In this case, after a transient dS-like stage, the speed of expansion of the Universe decreases, and the Universe reaches Minkowski regime. Recently, it was found that one can describe dark energy in some d = 4 extended supergravities that have dS solutions. These dS solutions correspond to the extrema of the effective potential V (φ) for some scalar fields φ. In this paper, we introduce a non-minimal coupling between the scalar curvature and the density of a scalar in the form L = −ξ√gRφ∗φ = −ξR̃φ∗φ, ξ = 1 6 and we consider a complex potential in the form V (φφ∗) = pm(1 − ωφφ) where p is a constant of order of unity, φ∗ is a complex field and ω is a parameter assumed to be ≪ 1. It was shown that the mass squared of the scalar field is quantized in units of the cosmological constant as m = nΛ, where n are some integers in agreement with N = 2 gauged supergravity with stable dS vacuum. We show that this result could have important consequences on dark energy problem. We discuss some important consequences on standard cosmology withouit violating any of the well-known test of General Relativity. I-Introduction It is well believed today that the cosmological constant describes the energy density of the vacuum (empty space), and it is a potentially important contributor to the dynamical history of the Universe. Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae and the CMB indicates that the Universe is in accelerated regime [1]. The total energy of the universe consists in fact of ordinary matter and dark matter. One can interpret the dark energy as the vacuum energy corresponding to the cosmological Einstein constant or as the slowly changing energy of a certain scalar field
German adaptation of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health II: study protocol of a single-centred, randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Caring for a family member with dementia is extremely stressful, and contributes to psychiatric and physical illness among caregivers. Therefore, a comprehensive programme called Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health II (REACH II) was developed in the United States to enhance the health of Alzheimer's caregivers. REACH II causes a clear reduction of the stress and burdens faced by informal caregivers at home. The aim of this protocol is to adapt, apply, and evaluate this proven intervention programme in a German-speaking area for the first time. This newly adapted intervention is called Deutsche Adaption der Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (DeREACH).


METHODS
A total of 138 informal caregivers at home are recruited in a single-centred, randomised controlled trial. The intervention (DeREACH) consists of nine home visits and three telephone contacts over six months, all of which focus on safety, psychological well-being and self-care, social support, problem behaviour and preventive health-related behaviours. A complex intervention assessment on effectiveness will be adopted when the primary outcome - namely, the reduction of caregiver burden - and other secondary outcomes, including changes with regard to anxiety and depression, somatisation, health-related quality of life, and perceived social support, are measured at baseline, as well as immediately and three months after the intervention. The change from baseline to post-intervention assessment with regard to the primary outcome will be compared between treatment and control group using t-tests for independent samples.


DISCUSSION
It is anticipated that this study will show that DeREACH effectively reduces caregiver burden and therefore works under the conditions of a local German health-care system. If successful, this programme will provide an effective intervention programme in the German-speaking area to identify and develop the personal capabilities of informal caregivers to cope with the burdens of caring for people with dementia.
Translating a heart disease lifestyle intervention into the community: the South Asian Heart Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI) study; a randomized control trial

BACKGROUND
South Asians (Asian Indians and Pakistanis) are the second fastest growing ethnic group in the United States (U.S.) and have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This pilot study evaluated a culturally-salient, community-based healthy lifestyle intervention to reduce ASCVD risk among South Asians.


METHODS
Through an academic-community partnership, medically underserved South Asian immigrants at risk for ASCVD were randomized into the South Asian Heart Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI) study. The intervention group attended 6 interactive group classes focused on increasing physical activity, healthful diet, weight, and stress management. They also received follow-up telephone support calls. The control group received translated print education materials about ASCVD and healthy behaviors. Primary outcomes were feasibility and initial efficacy, measured as change in moderate/vigorous physical activity and dietary saturated fat intake at 3- and 6-months. Secondary clinical and psychosocial outcomes were also measured.


RESULTS
Participants' (n = 63) average age was 50 (SD = 8) years, 63 % were female, 27 % had less than or equal to a high school education, one-third were limited English proficient, and mean BMI was 30 kg/m2 (SD ± 5). There were no significant differences in change in physical activity or saturated fat intake between the intervention and control group. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant weight loss (-1.5 kg, p-value = 0.04) and had a greater sex-adjusted decrease in hemoglobin A1C (-0.43 %, p-value <0.01) at 6 months. Study retention was 100 %.


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study suggests that a culturally-salient, community-based lifestyle intervention was feasible for engaging medically underserved South Asian immigrants and more effective at addressing ASCVD risk factors than print health education materials.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01647438, Date of Trial Registration: July 19, 2012.
Prevalence of Stunting and Associated Factors among School Age Children in Primary Schools of Haik Town, South Wollo Zone, North- Eastern Ethiopia, 2017

Background: Under-nutrition is the major public health problem in the developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school age children. Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 school age children in Haiyk town Primary schools, North eastern Ethiopia in May 2017. In this study, Stunting was defined as a child whose height for age Z-scores is below -2SD. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis to identify associated factors and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to control the effect of potential confounders. Variables with a pvalue<0.05 in the multivariable model were identified as predictors of stunting. Results: The prevalence of stunting among school age children was 44 (11.3%) with Z-scores below-2SD and 83.7% of students were categorized under 16.5-18.5 body mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increased child level of education (AOR 4.028; 95% CI 1.72, 9.42), did not have additional food during study time (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.10, 4.12) and use of mixed food (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06, 0.70) have been found significant associated with stunting. Conclusion: The study revealed that magnitude of stunting among school age children was suboptimal. Therefore, interventions could focus on educating parents on the importance of timely feeding, balanced diet; economize use of the available resources. Further analytic studies should be conducted to investigate the causes of stunting among school children in the study area.
Lumbar Total Disc Replacement for Discogenic Low Back Pain: Two-year Outcomes of the activL Multicenter Randomized Controlled IDE Clinical Trial.

STUDY DESIGN
A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, investigational device exemption (IDE) noninferiority trial.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative safety and effectiveness of lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease (DDD) who are unresponsive to nonsurgical therapy.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Lumbar TDR has been used to alleviate discogenic pain and dysfunction while preserving segmental range of motion and restoring stability. There is a paucity of data available regarding the comparative performance of lumbar TDR.


METHODS
Patients presenting with symptomatic single-level lumbar DDD who failed at least 6 months of nonsurgical management were randomly allocated (2:1) to treatment with an investigational TDR device (activL, n = 218) or FDA-approved control TDR devices (ProDisc-L or Charité, n = 106). The hypothesis of this study was that a composite effectiveness outcome at 2 years in patients treated with activL would be noninferior (15% delta) to that in controls.


RESULTS
The primary composite endpoint of this study was met, which demonstrated that the activL TDR was noninferior to control TDR (P < 0.001). A protocol-defined analysis of the primary composite endpoint also confirmed that activL was superior to controls (P = 0.02). Radiographic success was higher with activL versus controls (59% vs. 43%; P < 0.01). Mean back pain severity improved by 74% with activL and 68% with controls. Oswestry Disability Index scores decreased by 67% and 61% with activL and controls, respectively. Patient satisfaction with treatment was over 90% in both groups at 2 years. Return to work was approximately 1 month shorter (P = 0.08) with activL versus controls. The rate of device-related serious adverse events was lower in patients treated with activL versus controls (12% vs. 19%; P = 0.13). Surgical reintervention rates at the index level were comparable (activL 2.3%, control 1.9%).


CONCLUSION
The single-level activL TDR is safe and effective for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar DDD through 2 years.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2.
Mucosal Inflammatory Response to Salmonella typhimurium Infection

The human intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier against food antigens and the resident microbiota within the lumen. This delicately balanced organ functions in a highly sophisticated manner to uphold the fidelity of the intestinal epithelium and to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. On the luminal side, this barrier is fortified by a thick mucus layer, and on the serosal side exists the lamina propria containing a resident population of immune cells. Pathogens that are able to breach this barrier disrupt the healthy epithelial lining by interfering with the regulatory mechanisms that govern the normal balance of intestinal architecture and function. This disruption results in a coordinated innate immune response deployed to eliminate the intruder that includes the release of antimicrobial peptides, activation of pattern-recognition receptors, and recruitment of a variety of immune cells. In the case of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection, induction of an inflammatory response has been linked to its virulence mechanism, the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS secretes protein effectors that exploit the host's cell biology to facilitate bacterial entry and intracellular survival, and to modulate the host immune response. As the role of the intestinal epithelium in initiating an immune response has been increasingly realized, this review will highlight recent research that details progress made in understanding mechanisms underlying the mucosal inflammatory response to Salmonella infection, and how such inflammatory responses impact pathogenic fitness of this organism.
A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges

Blockchain technologies is one of the most popular issue in recent years, it has already changed people’s lifestyle in some area due to its great influence on many business or industry, and what it can do will still continue cause impact in many places. Although the feature of blockchain technologies may bring us more reliable and convenient services, the security issues and challenges behind this innovative technique is also an important topic that we need to concern.