LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Foot and ankle strength, range of motion, posture, and deformity are associated with balance and functional ability in older adults.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the extent to which measures of foot and ankle strength, range of motion, posture, and deformity are associated with performance in a battery of balance and functional ability tests in older adults.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study of people over 65 years.


SETTING
Community.


PARTICIPANTS
Participants (N=305; age range, 65-93y) recruited for a randomized trial investigating the efficacy of a podiatry intervention to prevent falls.


INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Clinical measures of foot and ankle strength (using hand-held dynamometry), range of motion, posture, and deformity, and a battery of balance tests (postural sway, maximum balance range, lateral stability, coordinated stability) and functional ability tests (alternate step test, sit-to-stand, timed 6-m walk).


RESULTS
Most (67/88) of the correlations between the foot and ankle tests and performance on the balance and functional tests were statistically significant. Hierarchic linear regression analysis identified hallux plantar flexion strength and ankle inversion-eversion range of motion to be the most consistent significant and independent predictors of balance and functional test performance, explaining up to 25% of the variance in the test scores.


CONCLUSIONS
Foot and ankle characteristics, particularly plantar flexor strength of the hallux and ankle inversion-eversion range of motion, are important determinants of balance and functional ability in older people. Further research is required to establish whether intervention programs that include strengthening and stretching exercises for the foot and ankle may achieve improvements in balance and functional ability and reduce the risk of falls in older people.
Assessment of valvular calcification and inflammation by positron emission tomography in patients with aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND
The pathophysiology of aortic stenosis is incompletely understood, and the relative contributions of valvular calcification and inflammation to disease progression are unknown.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients with aortic sclerosis and mild, moderate, and severe stenosis were compared prospectively with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Aortic valve severity was determined by echocardiography. Calcification and inflammation in the aortic valve were assessed by 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake with the use of positron emission tomography. One hundred twenty-one subjects (20 controls; 20 aortic sclerosis; 25 mild, 33 moderate, and 23 severe aortic stenosis) were administered both 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG. Quantification of tracer uptake within the valve demonstrated excellent interobserver repeatability with no fixed or proportional biases and limits of agreement of ±0.21 (18F-NaF) and ±0.13 (18F-FDG) for maximum tissue-to-background ratios. Activity of both tracers was higher in patients with aortic stenosis than in control subjects (18F-NaF: 2.87±0.82 versus 1.55±0.17; 18F-FDG: 1.58±0.21 versus 1.30±0.13; both P<0.001). 18F-NaF uptake displayed a progressive rise with valve severity (r(2)=0.540, P<0.001), with a more modest increase observed for 18F-FDG (r(2)=0.218, P<0.001). Among patients with aortic stenosis, 91% had increased 18F-NaF uptake (>1.97), and 35% had increased 18F-FDG uptake (>1.63). A weak correlation between the activities of these tracers was observed (r(2)=0.174, P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Positron emission tomography is a novel, feasible, and repeatable approach to the evaluation of valvular calcification and inflammation in patients with aortic stenosis. The frequency and magnitude of increased tracer activity correlate with disease severity and are strongest for 18F-NaF.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01358513.
Deformation monitoring and analysis using Victorian regional CORS data

This paper investigates the feasibility using continuously operating reference stations (CORS) in Victoria (termed GPSnet) for deformation monitoring and analysis. A number of critical issues associated with the suitability, geological stability, data quality of the GPS networks system, the precision and reliability of the GPSnet solution are investigated using geological information. Appropriate strategies for GPS data processing and deformation analysis are investigated. The absolute and relative displacement of selected GPSnet stations are analysed using chronological GPS CORS data and dedicated high precision scientific GPS data processing software packages. The latest International Terrestrial Reference Frame is used for deformation analyses. Detailed data-processing strategies and results of deformation analyses are presented and some useful conclusions are drawn. Results show that the methodology of deformation analysis and data processing based on the regional CORS network data is feasible and effective. It is concluded that high-precision continuous tracking data from GPSnet is a very valuable asset and can provide a technicallyadvanced and cost-effective geoscientific infrastructure for deformation monitoring analysis. By mining the data from the GPSnet, not only reliable and high precision deformation information can be potentially obtained, but also high expenditure required for establishing dedicated deformation monitoring networks in this area can also be spared.
Eye Can See What You Want: Posterior Intraparietal Sulcus Encodes the Object of an Actor's Gaze

In a social setting, seeing Sally look at a clock means something different to seeing her gaze longingly at a slice of chocolate cake. In both cases, her eyes and face might be turned rightward, but the information conveyed is markedly different, depending on the object of her gaze. Numerous studies have examined brain systems underlying the perception of gaze direction, but less is known about the neural basis of perceiving gaze shifts to specific objects. During fMRI, participants observed an actor look toward one of two objects, each occupying a distinct location. Video stimuli were sequenced to obtain repetition suppression (RS) for object identity, independent of spatial location. In a control condition, a spotlight highlighted one of the objects, but no actor was present. Observation of the human actor's gaze compared with the spotlight engaged frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices, consistent with a broad action observation network. RS for gazed object in the human condition was found in posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS). RS for highlighted object in the spotlight condition was found in middle occipital, inferior temporal, medial fusiform gyri, and superior parietal lobule. These results suggest that human pIPS is specifically sensitive to the type object that an observed actor looks at (tool vs. food), irrespective of the observed actor's gaze location (left vs. right). A general attention or lower-level object feature processing mechanism cannot account for the findings because a very different response pattern was seen in the spotlight control condition. Our results suggest that, in addition to spatial orienting, human pIPS has an important role in object-centered social orienting.
The effects of inpatient hybrid closed-loop therapy initiated within 1 week of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.

BACKGROUND
This article describes our experience with inpatient hybrid closed-loop control (HCLC) initiated shortly after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in a randomized trial designed to assess the effectiveness of inpatient HCLC followed by outpatient sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy on the preservation of β-cell function.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Forty-eight individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and positive pancreatic autoantibodies (7.8-37.7 years old) received inpatient HCLC therapy for up to 93 h, initiated within 7 days of diagnosis.


RESULTS
On initiation of HCLC, mean glucose concentration was 240±100 mg/dL. During the first day of HCLC, median of the participant's mean glucose concentrations fell rapidly to 146 mg/dL, a level of control that was sustained on Days 2 and 3 (138 mg/dL and 139 mg/dL, respectively). By Day 3, the median percentage of glucose values >250 and <60 mg/dL was <1%. During the first 2 weeks of SAP treatment at home, the median participant mean glucose level was 126 mg/dL (interquartile range, 117, 137 mg/dL), and the median percentage of values between 71 and 180 mg/dL was 85% (interquartile range, 80%, 90%).


CONCLUSIONS
Inpatient HCLC followed by outpatient SAP therapy can provide a safe and effective means to rapidly reverse glucose toxicity and establish near-normal glycemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
Digital Game-Based Learning in high school Computer Science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation

0360-1315/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2008.06.004 * Tel.: +3
Sentimentor: Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data

In this paper we present Sentimentor, a tool for sentiment analysis of Twitter data. Sentimentor utilises the naive Bayes Classifier to classify Tweets into positive, negative or objective sets. We present experimental evaluation of our dataset and classification results, our findings are not contridictory with existing work.
Effects of maximal isometric and isokinetic resistance training on strength and functional mobility in older adults.

BACKGROUND
The aim of the present study was to compare the changes in voluntary strength (isometric, concentric, and eccentric) and functional mobility in response to maximal isokinetic eccentric-only resistance training to those elicited by maximal isometric-only or maximal isokinetic concentric-only resistance training in older adults.


METHODS
Twelve women (73 +/- 7 years) and 18 men (73 +/- 5 years) completed a 12-week training program (three times per week) using a Biodex System 3 dynamometer. Primary outcome measures included peak isometric and isokinetic (concentric and eccentric) knee extensor strength, concentric work, concentric power, stair ascent and descent, and gait speed. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: isometric-only, isokinetic concentric-only, or isokinetic eccentric-only.


RESULTS
All three training groups demonstrated an increase in peak isometric and isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength following 12 weeks of training (p <.01). Step time was positively influenced (p <.03) by all three training modes; however, gait speed was unchanged following 12 weeks of training. All three training groups experienced a significant increase in peak concentric work and concentric power (p <.01) with the concentric training group demonstrating the largest increases in both peak concentric work and concentric power when compared to the isometric and eccentric training groups.


CONCLUSIONS
It was clear that all three resistance training programs (isometric, concentric, and eccentric) in older adults were effective in increasing strength, concentric work, and concentric power over the 12-week training period. Furthermore, 12 weeks of resistance training resulted in improved stair ascent and descent performance.
Neural network based dynamic simulation of induction motor drive

With the improvement in the technology of Microprocessor and Power Electronics, Induction motor drives with digital control have become more popular. Artificial intelligent controller (AIC) could be the best candidate for Induction Motor control. Over the last two decades researchers have been working to apply AIC for induction motor drives. This is because that AIC possesses advantages as compared to the conventional PI, PID and their adaptive versions. The main advantages are that the designs of these controllers do not depend on accurate system mathematical model and their performances are robust. In recent years, scientists and researchers have acquired significant development on various sorts of control theories and methods. Among these control technologies, intelligent control methods, which are generally regarded as the aggregation of Fuzzy Logic Control, Neural Network Control, Genetic Algorithm, and Expert System, have exhibited particular superiorities. The artificial neural network controller introduced to the system for keeping the motor speed to be constant when the load varies. The speed control scheme of vector controlle d induction motor drive involves decoupling of the speed and ref speed into torque and flux producing components. The performance of artificial neural network based controller's is compared with that of the conventional proportional integral controller. The dynamic modeling of Induction motor is done and the performance of the Induction motor drive has been analyzed for constant and variable loads. By using neuro controller the transient response of induction machine has been improved greatly and the dynamic response of the same has been made faster.
Developing a Practical Projection-Based Parallel Delaunay Algorithm

Guy E. Blelloch Gary L. Miller Dafna Talmor Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University {blelloch, glmiller, talmor}@cs. emu. edu In this paper we are concerned with developing a practical parallel algorithm for Delaunay triangulation that works well on general distributions, particularly those that arise in Scientific Computation. Although there have been many theoretical algorithms for the problem, and some implementations based on bucketing that work well for uniform distributions, there has been little work on implementations for general distributions. We use the well known reduction of 2D Delaunay triangulation to 3D convex hull of points on a sphere or paraboloid. A variant of the Edelsbrunner and Shi 3D convex hull is used, but for the special case when the point set lies on either a sphere or a paraboloid. Our variant greatly reduces the constant costs from the 3D convex hull algorithm and seems to be a more promising for a practical implementation than other parallel approaches. We have run experiments on the algorithm using a variety of distributions that are motivated by various problems that use Delaunay triangulations. Our experiments show that for these distributions we are within a factor of approximately two in work from the best sequential algorithm.
Association Between Early Lactate Levels and 30-Day Mortality in Clinically Suspected Sepsis in Children.

Importance
Improving emergency care of pediatric sepsis is a public health priority, but optimal early diagnostic approaches are unclear. Measurement of lactate levels is associated with improved outcomes in adult septic shock, but pediatric guidelines do not endorse its use, in part because the association between early lactate levels and mortality is unknown in pediatric sepsis.


Objective
To determine whether the initial serum lactate level is associated with 30-day mortality in children with suspected sepsis.


Design, Setting, and Participants
This observational cohort study of a clinical registry of pediatric patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency department of a tertiary children's hospital from April 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015, tested the hypothesis that a serum lactate level of greater than 36 mg/dL is associated with increased mortality compared with a serum lactate level of 36 mg/dL or less. Consecutive patients with sepsis were identified and included in the registry following consensus guidelines for clinical recognition (infection and decreased mental status or perfusion). Among 2520 registry visits, 1221 were excluded for transfer from another medical center, no measurement of lactate levels, and patients younger than 61 days or 18 years or older, leaving 1299 visits available for analysis. Lactate testing is prepopulated in the institutional sepsis order set but may be canceled at clinical discretion.


Exposures
Venous lactate level of greater than 36 mg/dL on the first measurement within the first 8 hours after arrival.


Main Outcomes and Measures
Thirty-day in-hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to account for potential confounders.


Results
Of the 1299 patients included in the analysis (753 boys [58.0%] and 546 girls [42.0%]; mean [SD] age, 7.3 [5.3] years), 899 (69.2%) had chronic medical conditions and 367 (28.3%) had acute organ dysfunction. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 5 of 103 patients (4.8%) with lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL and 20 of 1196 patients (1.7%) with lactate levels of 36 mg/dL or less. Initial lactate levels of greater than 36 mg/dL were significantly associated with 30-day mortality in unadjusted (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.10-8.17) and adjusted (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.16- 9.16) analyses. The sensitivity of lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL for 30-day mortality was 20.0% (95% CI, 8.9%-39.1%), and specificity was 92.3% (90.7%-93.7%).


Conclusions and Relevance
In children treated for sepsis in the emergency department, lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL were associated with mortality but had a low sensitivity. Measurement of lactate levels may have utility in early risk stratification of pediatric sepsis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 1

The growth of social web contributes vast amount of user generated content such as customer reviews, comments and opinions. This user generated content can be about products, people, events, etc. This information is very useful for businesses, governments and individuals. While this content meant to be helpful analyzing this bulk of user generated content is difficult and time consuming. So there is a need to develop an intelligent system which automatically mine such huge content and classify them into positive, negative and neutral category. Sentiment analysis is the automated mining of attitudes, opinions, and emotions from text, speech, and database sources through Natural Language Processing (NLP). The objective of this paper is to discover the concept of Sentiment Analysis in the field of Natural Language Processing, and presents a comparative study of its techniques in this field. Keywords— Natural Language Processing, Sentiment Analysis, Sentiment Lexicon, Sentiment Score.
Classifying and segmenting microscopy images with deep multiple instance learning

MOTIVATION
High-content screening (HCS) technologies have enabled large scale imaging experiments for studying cell biology and for drug screening. These systems produce hundreds of thousands of microscopy images per day and their utility depends on automated image analysis. Recently, deep learning approaches that learn feature representations directly from pixel intensity values have dominated object recognition challenges. These tasks typically have a single centered object per image and existing models are not directly applicable to microscopy datasets. Here we develop an approach that combines deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with multiple instance learning (MIL) in order to classify and segment microscopy images using only whole image level annotations.


RESULTS
We introduce a new neural network architecture that uses MIL to simultaneously classify and segment microscopy images with populations of cells. We base our approach on the similarity between the aggregation function used in MIL and pooling layers used in CNNs. To facilitate aggregating across large numbers of instances in CNN feature maps we present the Noisy-AND pooling function, a new MIL operator that is robust to outliers. Combining CNNs with MIL enables training CNNs using whole microscopy images with image level labels. We show that training end-to-end MIL CNNs outperforms several previous methods on both mammalian and yeast datasets without requiring any segmentation steps.


AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Torch7 implementation available upon request.


CONTACT
oren.kraus@mail.utoronto.ca.
Sexual behavior in later life.

OBJECTIVE
This research tests the influences of age, biological, and psychosocial factors on sexual expression in later life.


METHOD
The American Association of Retired Persons Modern Maturity Sexuality Survey collected data on diagnosed illnesses, treated illnesses, sexual desire, sexual attitudes, partner circumstances, and sexual behavior from 1,384 persons ages 45 and older. Ordered logistic regression models estimate the associations of age, biological, and psychosocial factors with the frequency of five sexual behaviors.


RESULTS
Diagnosed illnesses and treatments are generally unrelated to frequency of sexual activity. Sexual attitudes are related to frequency of partnered behavior and sexual desire is related to frequency of masturbation among both women and men. Satisfaction with the physical relationship with a partner is strongly related to behavior. Age remains significant after all other factors are controlled.


DISCUSSION
The authors conclude that the nature of sexual expression in later life reflects the interplay of body, mind, and social context.
Clinical experience with a fourth-generation textured silicone gel breast implant: a review of 1012 Mentor MemoryGel breast implants.

BACKGROUND
Since the introduction of fourth- and fifth-generation silicone gel implants, manufacturers have conducted several prospective, multicenter trials to examine their safety and efficacy. However, these studies were not standardized with regard to surgeon skill, pocket placement, operative technique, adjunct therapies, or postoperative management.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the surgical outcomes of a single surgeon (WGS) in a consecutive series of breast augmentation cases using a fourth-generation cohesive silicone MemoryGel breast implant (Mentor, Santa Barbara, CA).


METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify all patients who underwent silicone breast augmentation within the Mentor Adjunct Silicone MemoryGel breast implant by a single surgeon (WGS) within a single free-standing outpatient surgical center over a 13-year period (1992 to 2006). For each patient, demographic information, comorbidities, and surgical information (implant size and concomitant surgery) were recorded. In addition, outcomes were analyzed to identify complications and the need for surgical revision.


RESULTS
A total of 1012 fourth-generation, textured, cohesive silicone gel implants were placed in 511 patients during the 13-year study period. The overall complication rate per implant was 5.5% (n=56 implants in 43 patients). The most common complication was capsular contracture (n=26; 2.6 %) followed by abnormal scarring (n=11; 1.1%). The overall revision rates per patient and per implant were 8.0% (n = 41 patients) and 6.8% (n = 69 implants), respectively. The average time interval between initial implantation and revision was 18.5 months (range, 2 weeks to 26 months). The most common indication for surgical revision was patient desire for implant size change (n=15 patients) followed by Baker class III or IV capsular contracture (n=13 patients). The presence of previous surgery for capsular contracture was not statistically correlated to the need for revision (P= .326). Age (P= .568), previous history of breast surgery (P= .704), and history of smoking (P= .138) were also not statistically correlated to revision. Placement of the implant in the subglandular position (n=30 implants), however, was statistically correlated with need for revision (P< .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Mentor fourth-generation cohesive silicone gel implants possess a complication and revision profile that is superior to earlier-generation silicone gel implants. Implantation with MemoryGel implants, when standardized with regard to surgeon and operative technique, can have significantly reduced complication and revision rates compared to the Mentor Core Data.