LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Inverse coupling between ultradian oscillations in delta wave activity and heart rate variability during sleep

OBJECTIVE
We investigate the relationship between changes in heart rate variability and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep.


METHOD
Nine male subjects with regular non-rapid-eye movement-rapid-eye movement (NREM-REM) sleep cycles were included in the study. They underwent EEG and cardiac recordings during one experimental night. Heart rate variability was determined over 5-min periods by the ratio of low frequency to low frequency plus high frequency power [LF/(LF+HF)] calculated using spectral analysis of R-R intervals. EEG spectra were analyzed using a fast Fourier transform algorithm.


RESULTS
We found an ultradian 80-120 min rhythm in the LF/(LF+HF) ratio, with high levels during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and low levels during slow wave sleep (SWS). During sleep stage 2 there was a progressive decrease in the transition from REM sleep to SWS, and an abrupt increase from SWS to REM sleep. These oscillations were significantly coupled in a 'mirror-image' to the overnight oscillations in delta wave activity, which reflect sleep deepening and lightening. Cardiac changes preceded EEG changes by about 5 min.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate the existence of an inverse coupling between oscillations in delta wave activity and heart rate variability. They indicate a non-uniformity in sleep stage 2 that underlies ultradian sleep regulation.
Improved Ant Colony Optimization for the Traveling Salesman Problem

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) in operations research is a classical problem in discrete or combinatorial optimization. It is a prominent illustration of a class of problems in computational complexity theory which are classified as NP-hard. Ant colony optimization inspired by co-operative food retrieval have been widely applied unexpectedly successful in the combinatorial optimization. This paper presents an improved ant colony optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem, which adopts a new probability selection mechanism by using Held-Karp lower bound to determine the trade-off between the influence of the heuristic information and the pheromone trail. The experiments showed that it can stably generate better solution for the traveling salesman problem than rank-based ant system and max-min ant colony optimization algorithm.
Comparison of the analgesic effects of oral tramadol and naproxen sodium on pain relief during IUD insertion.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and naproxen sodium on pain during insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD).


DESIGN
Randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial (Canadian Task Force classification I).


SETTING
University-affiliated hospital. Single-center.


PATIENTS
One hundred three patients scheduled for insertion of an IUD.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral tramadol 50 mg capsules (n = 35) or naproxen sodium 550 mg tablets (n = 34) or placebo (n = 34) 1 hour before insertion of the IUD. After insertion of the IUD, pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10). Adverse effects, patient satisfaction with the medication, and preference for using it during future insertions were also recorded.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The VAS scores were significantly different during IUD insertion among the 3 groups (p = .001). Pain scores in the tramadol group were significantly lower than in the naproxen group (p = .003), and the scores in the naproxen group was significantly lower than in the control group (p = .001). Patient satisfaction with the medication and preference for its future use were significantly lower in the control group than in the other 2 groups (p = .001).


CONCLUSION
Prophylactic analgesia using 50 mg tramadol and 550 mg naproxen, delivered orally, can be used to relieve pain during IUD insertion. However, tramadol capsules were found to be more effective than naproxen tablets.
Implementing the Syntax of Japanese Numeral Classifiers

While the sortal constraints associated with Japanese numeral classifiers are wellstudied, less attention has been paid to the details of their syntax. We describe an analysis implemented within a broadcoverage HPSG that handles an intricate set of numeral classifier construction types and compositionally relates each to an appropriate semantic representation, using Minimal Recursion Semantics.
Gaze-based password authentication through automatic clustering of gaze points

Researchers have proposed systems in which users utilize an eye tracker to enter passwords by merely looking at the proper symbols on the computer monitor in the appropriate order. This authentication method is immune to the practice of shoulder surfing: secretly observing the keystrokes of a legitimate user as he or she types a password on a keyboard. In this paper we describe the EyeDent system—in which users authenticate by looking at the symbols on an on-screen keyboard to enter their password. Existing eye-tracking based authentication systems require the user to dwell or press a trigger when looking at each symbol. Instead, in EyeDent, gaze points are automatically clustered to determine the user's selected symbols; this approach has the benefit of allowing users to authenticate at their natural speed, rather than with a fixed dwell time. Additionally, the absence of a visible trigger does not divulge the number of symbols in the password. Results from preliminary investigations indicate that quick (3 seconds for a 4 digit PIN) authentication is possible using this scheme, but more work is needed to account for calibration error, and to dynamically adapt system parameters to the characteristics of individual users.
Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs

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Causes and presenting features of pulmonary infarctions in 43 cases identified by surgical lung biopsy.

BACKGROUND
Although pulmonary infarction is usually associated with pulmonary thromboembolism, it can occur with other disorders such as vasculitis, angioinvasive infections, sickle-cell disease, tumor embolism, and pulmonary torsion.


STUDY OBJECTIVE
To identify causes and presenting features of pulmonary infarctions diagnosed by surgical biopsy in a consecutive series of patients encountered at a single institution.


DESIGN
Retrospective review.


SETTING
Tertiary care, referral medical center.


PATIENTS
Forty-three patients with pulmonary infarction identified on surgical lung biopsy over a period of 7 years, January 1996 through December 2002.


RESULTS
The median age of these 43 patients was 55 years (range, 22 to 85 years); 17 patients (40%) were women, and 26 patients (60%) were men. Thirty-five patients (81%) had a smoking history. Twenty-eight patients (65%) presented with solitary or multiple lung nodules/masses of undetermined etiology. The underlying cause was identifiable in 31 cases (72%) based on a review of clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histopathologic data. The two most common causes were pulmonary thromboembolism (18 cases, 42%) and pulmonary infections (5 cases, 12%). Thromboembolic pulmonary infarctions typically presented as solitary or multiple nodules located in the subpleural regions. Other causes included diffuse alveolar damage in two cases (5%), pulmonary torsion in two cases (5%), and one case each of lung cancer, amyloidosis, embolotherapy, and catheter embolism. In 12 cases (28%), the underlying cause was not directly identifiable but was probably due to previous pulmonary thromboembolism.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that although pulmonary thromboembolism is the most common cause of pulmonary infarction identified by surgical lung biopsy, a variety of other causes are clinically encountered, including infections, inflammatory or infiltrative lung diseases, pulmonary torsion, malignancy, and nonthrombotic embolism. Pulmonary infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules or masses.
An Efficient Localization Scheme for a Differential-Driving Mobile Robot Based on RFID System

This paper presents an efficient localization scheme for an indoors mobile robot using Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. The mobile robot carries an RFID reader at the bottom of the chassis, which reads the RFID tags on the floor to localize the mobile robot. Each of the RFID tags stores its own absolute position, which is used to calculate the position, orientation, and velocity of the mobile robot. However, a localization system based on RFID technology inevitably suffers from an estimation error. In this paper, a new triangular pattern of arranging the RFID tags on the floor has been proposed to reduce the estimation error of the conventional square pattern. In addition, the motion-continuity property of the differential-driving mobile robot has been utilized to improve the localization accuracy of the mobile robot. According to the conventional approach, two readers are necessary to identify the orientation of the mobile robot. Therefore, this new approach, based on the motion-continuity property of the differential-driving mobile robot, provides a cheap and fast estimation of the orientation. The proposed algorithms used to raise the accuracy of the robot localization are successfully verified through experiments.
Comparison of Chosen Physical Fitness Characteristics of Turkish Professional Basketball Players by Division and Playing Position

The purpose of the present study was to compare chosen physical fitness characteristics of Turkish professional basketball players in different divisions (first and second division) and playing positions. Forty-five professional male basketball players (14 guards, 15 forwards, 16 centers) participated in this study voluntarily. For each player, anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as a multi-stage 20 m shuttle run, isokinetic leg strength, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-30 meter single-sprint and T-drill agility tests. The differences in terms of division were evaluated by independent t-test and the differences by playing position were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Post Hoc Tukey test. First division players' CMJ measurements were significantly higher than those of second division players' (p≤0.05), whereas second division players' 10 m sprint times were significantly better than those of first division players' (p≤0.05). In addition, forwards and centers were significantly taller than guards. Centers were significantly heavier and their T-drill test performances were inferior to those of forwards and guards (p≤0.05). Moreover, guards had a significantly higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) than centers. Guards and forwards showed significantly better performance in the 10 and 30 m sprint tests than centers (p≤0.05). Forwards and centers had significantly better left leg flexor strength at 180°.s(-1)(p≤0.05). In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that physical performance of professional basketball players differed among guards, forwards and centers, whereas there were not significant differences between first and second division players. According to the present study, court positions have different demands and physical attributes which are specific to each playing position in professional basketball players. Therefore, these results suggest that coaches should tailor fitness programs according to specific positions on the court.
Mortgage Design in an Equilibrium Model of the Housing Market

How can mortgages be redesigned to reduce housing market volatility, consumption volatility, and default? How does mortgage design interact with monetary policy? We answer these questions using a quantitative equilibrium life cycle model with aggregate shocks, long-term mortgages, and an equilibrium housing market , focusing in particular on designs that index payments to monetary policy. Designs that raise mortgage payments in booms and lower them in recessions do better than designs with fixed mortgage payments for insurance and risk reasons. The welfare benefits are quantitatively substantial: ARMs improve household welfare relative to FRMs by the equivalent of 1.00 percent of annual consumption if the central bank lowers interest rates in a bust. Among designs that reduce payments in a bust, we show that those that front-load the payment reductions, concentrating them in the recession, rather than spreading payment reductions over the life of the mortgage perform best. This is the case because frontloading alleviates household liquidity constraints in states where they are most binding, reducing default and stimulating housing demand by new homeowners . To isolate this channel, we compare an FRM with a built-in option to be costlessly converted to an ARM with an FRM with an option to be costlessly refinanced at the prevailing FRM rate. Under these two contracts, lenders experience roughly equal losses in a crisis as they are indifferent to their position on the equilibrium yield curve, but the FRM convertible to the ARM improves household welfare by three times as much. ∗Boston University, guren@bu.edu †Stanford University Graduate School of Business and NBER, a-krishnamurthy@stanford.edu ‡Stanford University Graduate School of Business, tmcquade@stanford.edu §The authors would like to thank Chaojun Wang and Xuiyi Song for excellent research assistance and seminar participants at SED, SITE, Kellogg, Queen’s, Indiana, LSE, Boston University, HULM, Housing: Micro Data, Macro Problems, NBER Summer Institute Capital Markets and the Economy, CEPR Housing and the Macroeconomy, UCLA, University of Pittsburgh, MIT Sloan, , Wharton, Tomasz Pisksorski, Erwan Quintin, Jan Eberly, Alex Michaelides, and Andreas Fuster for useful comments. Guren acknowledges research support from the National Science Foundation under grant #1623801 and from the Boston University Center for Finance, Law, and Policy.
Thresholds of species loss in Amazonian deforestation frontier landscapes.

In the Brazilian Amazon, private land accounts for the majority of remaining native vegetation. Understanding how land-use change affects the composition and distribution of biodiversity in farmlands is critical for improving conservation strategies in the face of rapid agricultural expansion. Working across an area exceeding 3 million ha in the southwestern state of Rondônia, we assessed how the extent and configuration of remnant forest in replicate 10,000-ha landscapes has affected the occurrence of a suite of Amazonian mammals and birds. In each of 31 landscapes, we used field sampling and semistructured interviews with landowners to determine the presence of 28 large and medium sized mammals and birds, as well as a further 7 understory birds. We then combined results of field surveys and interviews with a probabilistic model of deforestation. We found strong evidence for a threshold response of sampled biodiversity to landscape level forest cover; landscapes with <30-40% forest cover hosted markedly fewer species. Results from field surveys and interviews yielded similar thresholds. These results imply that in partially deforested landscapes many species are susceptible to extirpation following relatively small additional reductions in forest area. In the model of deforestation by 2030 the number of 10,000-ha landscapes under a conservative threshold of 43% forest cover almost doubled, such that only 22% of landscapes would likely to be able to sustain at least 75% of the 35 focal species we sampled. Brazilian law requires rural property owners in the Amazon to retain 80% forest cover, although this is rarely achieved. Prioritizing efforts to ensure that entire landscapes, rather than individual farms, retain at least 50% forest cover may help safeguard native biodiversity in private forest reserves in the Amazon.
Diclofenac fast-dissolving film: suppression of bitterness by a taste-sensing system.

CONTEXT
The selection of a proper taste-masking agent (TMA) is a critical issue in the development of fast-dissolving films containing bitter drugs.


OBJECTIVE
This work is aimed to evaluate the suppression of the bitter taste of a maltodextrin fast-dissolving film loaded with 13.4 mg sodium diclofenac (DS) by adding TMAs.


METHODS
The films were prepared by casting and drying aqueous mixtures of maltodextrin (DE = 6), glycerin, sorbitan oleate, and DS. Films were characterized in terms of thickness, tensile properties, film disintegration time, and drug dissolution time. The bitterness intensity of DS and the masking effect of TMAs were evaluated by an electronic tongue.


RESULTS
The 'mint' and 'licorice' flavors and sucralose mixture resulted appropriate to mask DS bitterness as confirmed by a panel of volunteers. The addition of these TMAs did not significantly affect the film disintegration time (15-20 seconds) and DS dissolution rate (about 5 minutes).


CONCLUSION
The electronic tongue was allowed to discriminate the effect of the TMA also in the presence of other hydrosoluble constituents of the film. Therefore, because of its simplicity and rapidity, this technique could assist or even replace the sensory evaluation in the development of fast-dissolving films.
Hemivertebra resection in children, results after single posterior approach and after combined anterior and posterior approach: a comparative study

To compare the results after hemivertebra resection through a single posterior approach and through a combined anterior and posterior approach. This is a retrospective study on patients treated by hemivertebra resection with monosegmental instrumentation for congenital scoliosis at a single institution. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach. Both groups were compared for curve correction, complication rate and perioperative data. Paired samples T test was used for statistical evaluation. Twenty-five consecutive patients were included. In 12 cases the hemivertebra resection was performed through a single posterior approach (SPA) and in 13 via a combined anterior and posterior approach (CAPA). Curve correction was similar in both groups (59 vs. 55%, p > 0.05). Duration of surgery (272 vs. 319 min) and postoperative mechanical ventilation were shorter in the SPA group (5 vs. 30 h), but did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Significant blood loss necessitating blood transfusion was observed in six patients operated through an SPA and in 8 patients operated through a CAPA. The duration of the ICU management (1 vs. 3 days) and the hospital stay (12 vs. 19 days) were significantly shorter in the SPA group (p < 0.05). Less surgery related general complications were observed in the SPA group (0 vs. 38%). Similar correction of the main and the compensatory curves can be achieved with single posterior and combined anterior and posterior hemivertebra resection. Benefits of the SPA are lower complication rate and shorter recovery period.
Relationship between socioeconomic status and anemia prevalence in adolescent girls based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Background/Objectives:We studied the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), represented by household income, and the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among adolescent girls in Korea.Subjects/Methods:The samples were based on the data from a four-year (2008–2011) collection for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1312 girls, age 10–18 years). The survey included demographic, anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional parameters. A multiple regression analysis after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), red blood cell count, white blood cell count and red meat intake was performed. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level lower than 11.5 g/dl for ages 10–11 years and 12.0 g/dl for ages 12–14 years. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin level below 15 μg/l.Results:The prevalences of anemia and IDA in Korean girls were 5.3 and 4.2%, respectively. Girls with anemia were older, taller, weighed more, had higher BMI, had higher portion of menarche experience and consumed less red meat than girls without anemia. Girls with higher income had lower anemia prevalence and consumed more iron and vitamins. Logistic regression analysis showed a decreasing trend in anemia prevalence as household income increased. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there is a relationship between household income and serum hemoglobin and ferritin levels (P=0.003 and P=0.026, respectively).Conclusions:Higher SES leads to lower prevalence of anemia and IDA in Korean adolescent girls. This may be due to the fact that higher SES individuals consume more iron and vitamin C.
The Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge

§ Mission and structure of the project. § Overview of the Stone Man version of the Guide to the SWEBOK. § Status and development process of the Guide. § Applications of the Guide in the fields of education, human resource management, professional development and licensing and certification. § Class exercise in applying the Guide to defining the competencies needed to support software life cycle process deployment. § Strategy for uptake and promotion of the Guide. § Discussion of promotion, trial usage and experimentation. Workshop Leaders: