LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls

Recent occurrences of bullying have been given increasing amounts of attention due to the surprising and sometimes violent results. The most notable of these have been school shootings, in which victims of bullying have taken vengeance on their tormentors using their own means. These tragedies have impelled researchers in the fields of psychology and education to conduct studies on both the victims and the perpetrators of bullying. However, little research has been directed toward what has been named "relational aggression," a type of covert bullying that is found predominantly among girls (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). While researching Odd Girl Out, Rachel Simmons interviewed girls at junior high and high schools across the country and recorded their stories and insights on their experiences with relational aggression. The book discusses patterns in the origins of relational aggression, the societal pressures that girls feel drives them to use this form of bullying, and the characteristics of both victims and perpetrators.
Building a Terrorism Ontology

The Semantic Web could be a crucial tool to terrorism researchers, but to achieve this potential an accessible and flexible but comprehensive ontology needs to be designed to describe terrorist activity. Terrorist events are complicated phenomena that involve a large variety of situations and relationships. This paper addresses some of the issues the authors have encountered trying to build such an ontology – particularly how to describe sequences of events and the social networks that underpin terrorist
Labor Market Forecasting by Using Data Mining

Data mining approach was used in this paper to predict labor market needs, by implementing Naïve Bayes Classifiers, Decision Trees, and Decision Rules techniques. Naïve Bayes technique implemented by creating tables of training; the sets of these tables were generated by using four factors that affect continuity in their jobs. The training tables used to predict the classification of other (unclassified) instances, and tabulate the results of conditional and prior probabilities to test unknown instance for classification. The information obtained can classify unknown instances for employment in the labor market. In Decision Tree technique, a model was constructed from a dataset in the form of a tree, created by a process known as splitting on the value of attributes. The Decision Rules, which was constructed from Decision Trees of rules gave the best results, therefore we recommended using this method in predicting labor market. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the organizers of the 2013 International Conference on Computational Science
Coplanar antenna miniaturization using high permittivity perovskite substrates

A miniature coplanar antenna on a perovskite substrate is analyzed and designed using short circuit technique. The overall dimensions are minimized to 0.09 λ × 0.09 λ. The antenna geometry, the design concept, as well as the simulated and the measured results are discussed in this paper.
Anatomy and physiology of the clitoris, vestibular bulbs, and labia minora with a review of the female orgasm and the prevention of female sexual dysfunction.

This review, with 21 figures and 1 video, aims to clarify some important aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the female erectile organs (triggers of orgasm), which are important for the prevention of female sexual dysfunction. The clitoris is the homologue of the male's glans and corpora cavernosa, and erection is reached in three phases: latent, turgid, and rigid. The vestibular bulbs cause "vaginal" orgasmic contractions, through the rhythmic contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscles. Because of the engorgement with blood during sexual arousal, the labia minora become turgid, doubling or tripling in thickness. The corpus spongiosum of the female urethra becomes congested during sexual arousal; therefore, male erection equals erection of the female erectile organs. The correct anatomical term to describe the erectile tissues responsible for female orgasm is the female penis. Vaginal orgasm and the G-spot do not exist. These claims are found in numerous articles that have been written by Addiego F, Whipple B, Jannini E, Buisson O, O'Connell H, Brody S, Ostrzenski A, and others, have no scientific basis. Orgasm is an intense sensation of pleasure achieved by stimulation of erogenous zones. Women do not have a refractory period after each orgasm and can, therefore, experience multiple orgasms. Clitoral sexual response and the female orgasm are not affected by aging. Sexologists should define having sex/love making when orgasm occurs for both partners with or without vaginal intercourse.
The performance of MRI-based cerebral blood flow measurements in acute and subacute stroke compared with 15O-water positron emission tomography: identification of penumbral flow.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Perfusion-weighted MRI-based maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF(MRI)) are considered a good MRI measure of penumbral flow in acute ischemic stroke but are seldom used in clinical routine due to methodical issues. We validated CBF(MRI) on quantitative CBF measurement by 15O-water positron emission tomography (CBF(PET)).


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Comparative CBF(MRI) and CBF(PET) were performed in patients with acute and subacute stroke. In a voxel-based seed-growing technique, predefined CBF(MRI) thresholds (<40, <30, <20, <10 mL/100 g/min) were applied and the resulting volumes were compared with the hypoperfusion volume detected by the penumbral threshold (<20 mL/100 g/min) on CBF(PET). The volumetric comparison was expressed as the C-ratio (volume CBF(MRI)/volume CBF(PET)) to identify the best MRI threshold. The influence of vessel pathology, hypoperfusion size, and time point of imaging was described. The proportion of voxels correctly classified as hypoperfused and the proportion of voxel correctly classified as nonhypoperfused of the best CBF(MRI) threshold was calculated and a Bland-Altman plot illustrated the method-specific differences.


RESULTS
In 24 patients (median time MRI to PET: 68 minutes; 16 patients imaged within 24 hours after stroke), the median volume of hypoperfusion <20 mL/100 g/min (CBF(PET)) was 78.5 cm(3). Median hypoperfusion volume on CBF(MRI) ranged from 245.9 cm(3) (<40 mL/100 g/min) to 35.5 cm(3) (<10 mL/10 g/min). On visual inspection, an excellent qualitative congruence was found. The quantitative congruence was best for the MRI-CBF threshold <20 mL/100 g/min (median C-ratio: 1.0), reaching a proportion of voxels correctly classified as hypoperfused of 76% and a proportion of voxel correctly classified as nonhypoperfused of 96%, but a wide interindividual range (C-ratio 0.3 to 3.5) was found. Ipsilateral vessel pathology, time point of imaging, and size of hypoperfusion did not significantly influence the C-ratio. The Bland-Altman analysis for the volumetric difference of CBF(MRI) and CBF(PET) found a good overall agreement but a large SD.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypoperfusion areas below the CBF(PET) penumbral threshold can be well identified by the CBF(MRI) threshold <20 mL/10 g/min at a group level, but a large individual variance (exceeding 20% of volume in nearly half of the patients) could not be explained. Our results support a prudent use of MRI-based quantitative CBF measurement in clinical routine.
GRAPH THEORY IN PRACTICE: PART II

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Increased medial orbitofrontal [18F]fluorodopa uptake in Parkinsonian impulse control disorders.

BACKGROUND
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) occur frequently in PD patients.


METHODS
To investigate the possible involvement of the mesostriatal and mesolimbic monoaminergic function in ICDs associated with PD, we examined patients with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) ICDs using the brain [(18) F]fluorodopa PET.


RESULTS
Patients with ICDs (e.g., pathological gambling, hypersexuality, and compulsive eating) showed up to 35% higher [(18) F]fluorodopa uptake in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, compared to control patients, but no differences in the striatum. The results remained significant also after excluding subjects with comorbid psychiatric disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased monoaminergic activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex might be associated with increased sensitivity for ICDs under dopamine-replacement therapy in PD.
Risk factors associated with bus accident severity in the United States: a generalized ordered logit model.

INTRODUCTION
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in improving bus safety operations worldwide. While in the United States buses are considered relatively safe, the number of bus accidents is far from being negligible, triggering the introduction of the Motor-coach Enhanced Safety Act of 2011.


METHOD
The current study investigates the underlying risk factors of bus accident severity in the United States by estimating a generalized ordered logit model. Data for the analysis are retrieved from the General Estimates System (GES) database for the years 2005-2009.


RESULTS
Results show that accident severity increases: (i) for young bus drivers under the age of 25; (ii) for drivers beyond the age of 55, and most prominently for drivers over 65 years old; (iii) for female drivers; (iv) for very high (over 65 mph) and very low (under 20 mph) speed limits; (v) at intersections; (vi) because of inattentive and risky driving.
Increasing spectrotemporal sound density reveals an octave-based organization in cat primary auditory cortex.

Auditory neurons are likely adapted to process complex stimuli, such as vocalizations, which contain spectrotemporal modulations. However, basic properties of auditory neurons are often derived from tone pips presented in isolation, which lack spectrotemporal modulations. In this context, it is unclear how to deduce the functional role of auditory neurons from their tone pip-derived tuning properties. In this study, spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) were obtained from responses to multi-tone stimulus ensembles differing in their average spectrotemporal density (i.e., number of tone pips per second). STRFs for different stimulus densities were derived from multiple single-unit activity (MUA) and local field potentials (LFPs), simultaneously recorded in primary auditory cortex of cats. Consistent with earlier studies, we found that the spectral bandwidth was narrower for MUA compared with LFPs. Both neural firing rate and LFP amplitude were reduced when the density of the stimulus ensemble increased. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the spectrotemporal sound density revealed with increasing clarity an over-representation of response peaks at frequencies of approximately 3, 5, 10, and 20 kHz, in both MUA- and LFP-derived STRFs. Although the decrease in spectral bandwidth and neural activity with increasing stimulus density can likely be accounted for by forward suppression, the mechanisms underlying the over-representation of the octave-spaced response peaks are unclear. Plausibly, the over-representation may be a functional correlate of the periodic pattern of corticocortical connections observed along the tonotopic axis of cat auditory cortex.
The future of electrical and computer engineering education

The authors will briefly describe how some of today's innovations and advancements might provide potential for improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of contemporary teaching methods. A model curriculum proposed in this paper merges the disciplines of mathematics, science, engineering, and computing. It also addresses the growing need for exposing aspiring engineers to the human, cultural, and professional aspects of their emerging careers.
The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Biomarkers of Vascular Wall Inflammation and Plaque Vulnerability in Subjects with High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. However, how the MD exerts its effects is not fully known.


AIM
To assess the 12-month effects of two enhanced MDs compared to a low-fat diet on inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability in a subcohort of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study.


METHODS
A total of 164 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were randomized into three diet groups: MD supplemented with 50mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (MD+EVOO) or 30 g/d of nuts (MD+Nuts) and a low-fat diet. Changes in classical cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability were measured after 12 months of intervention.


RESULTS
Compared to participants in the low-fat diet group, those receiving MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts showed a higher decrease in systolic (6mmHg) and diastolic (3mmHg) blood pressure (P = 0.02; both), as well as a reduction of 10% and 8% in LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.04), respectively. Patients in the MD+Nuts group showed a significant reduction of 34% in CD40 expression on monocyte surface compared to low-fat diet patients (P = 0.03). In addition, inflammatory biomarkers related to plaque instability such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were reduced by 45% and 35% and 95% and 90% in the MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts groups, respectively (P<0.05; all) compared to the low-fat diet group. Likewise, sICAM and P-selectin were also reduced by 50% and 27%, respectively in the MD+EVOO group (P = 0.04) and P-selectin by 19% in MD+Nuts group (P = 0.04) compared to the low-fat diet group.


CONCLUSIONS
Adherence to the MD is associated with an increase in serum markers of atheroma plaque stability which may explain, at least in part, the protective role of MD against ischemic heart disease.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
www.controlled-trials.com ISRCTN35739639.
Critical factors, food quality management and organizational performance

This paper proposes a model for measuring the effectiveness of quality (ISO 9001) and food safety (HACCP) systems, based on their stated objectives, when these systems are jointly implemented in a food company. In addition, it investigates the critical factors for effective implementation (CFEI) of the ISO 9001 and HACCP systems; and examines the degree to which the combined implementation of ISO 9001 and HACCP influences the overall performance of the certified firms. To achieve these objectives, primary field data was collected through an empirical survey that was conducted among 347 food companies in Greece, which were certified to ISO 9001, HACCP and/or ISO 22000 systems. Initially, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and then Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied. The connections among the non observed model factors were verified through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) inspection. The findings suggest that “employee attributes”, “organizations’ attributes” and “internal business motives” make a significant contribution to the effective implementation of the ISO 9001 and HACCP systems. In addition, the effective implementation of the ISO 9001 and HACCP systems contribute to the business performance of companies in the Greek food industry. The evidence provided in this study helps managers to realize the importance of CFEI and the effective combined implementation of these systems in order to provide the necessary resources and support and develop the necessary policies, practices and procedures. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Novel Coplanar Waveguide Feed Zeroth-Order Resonant Antenna With Resonant Ring

A novel structure of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna is presented. A method to extend the bandwidth of metamaterial (MTM) antennas based on composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) is proposed. A prototype of the proposed antenna has been constructed and experimentally studied. The measured return loss bandwidth (-10 dB) is enhanced from 240 MHz (1.63-1.87 GHz) to 840 MHz (1.67-2.51 GHz), which corresponds to the fractional bandwidth of 14.0% and 40.2%. Measured peak gain and measured radiation efficiency are up to 4.13 dB and 83.69% at the operating frequency of 2.09 GHz. Because of wide bandwidth, good radiation characteristics, and acceptable peak realized gains, the proposed antenna is very suitable for GSM/UMTS/LTE/WLAN wireless communication systems.
Spatial search and the Dirac equation

Quantum mechanical computers can solve certain problems asymptotically faster than classical computers. One of the major advantages of quantum computation comes from a fast algorithm for the problem of finding a marked item among N items. Whereas a classical computer requires Θ(N) steps to solve this problem, Grover showed that a quantum computer can solve it using only O( √ N) steps [1], which is optimal [2]. To apply Grover’s algorithm, it must be possible to quickly perform a reflection about a superposition of all possible items. However, this may not be feasible if the items are distributed in space and the algorithm is restricted to access them by local moves. For example, if the items are arranged on a one-dimensional line, simply traveling from one end of the line to the other requires N moves, and a straightforward argument shows that no local algorithm, classical or quantum, can find a marked item in less time than Ω(N). But for other geometries, such as higher dimensional lattices, a quantum algorithm can conceivably achieve a speedup over the classical complexity of Θ(N). Recently, there has been considerable progress in understanding the spatial search problem for quantum computers. Aaronson and Ambainis gave an algorithm that finds a marked item in the optimal time O( √ N) for a lattice in d > 2 dimensions, and in time O( √ N logN) for a two-dimensional lattice [3]. Their algorithm is based on a carefully optimized recursive search of subcubes, which raises the question of whether a simpler algorithm could solve the problem just as quickly (or perhaps even faster in two dimensions). In particular, it is interesting to consider quantum walk algorithms, which only use local, time-independent dynamics. Two distinct kinds of quantum walk algorithms have been considered. In the continuous-time quantum walk [4], the algorithm is described by a time-independent Hamiltonian connecting adjacent sites. In the discrete-time quantum walk [5, 6, 7], the algorithm consists of repeated application
Comparing the pulmonary embolism severity index and the prognosis in pulmonary embolism scores as risk stratification tools.

BACKGROUND
Multiple risk stratification scoring systems exist to forecast outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).


OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the comparative validity of the PE severity index (PESI) and the prognosis in pulmonary embolism (PREP) scores to predict mortality in acute PE.


DESIGN
Retrospective observational cohort study.


SETTING
Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.


PATIENTS
Consecutive adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with acute PE.


INTERVENTION
The PESI and PREP scores were calculated.


MEASUREMENTS
Raw PESI scores were segregated into risk class (I-V) and then dichotomized into low (I-II) versus high (III-V) risk groups; the raw PREP scores were divided into low (0-7) versus high (>7) risk groups. The primary endpoint was 30-day and 90-day mortality. We determined the negative predictive value and computed the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curves to compare the ability of these scoring tools.


RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 302 subjects. Thirty-day mortality was 3.0%, and 4.0% died within 90 days. The PESI and the PREP performed similarly (PESI AUROC: 0.858 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.773-0.943] vs 0.719 [95% CI, 0.563-0.875] for PREP). Segregating these scores into risk categories did not affect their discriminatory power (AUROC: 0.684 [95% CI, 0.559-0.810] for PESI and 0.790 [95% CI, 0.679-0.903] for PREP). The negative predictive value for death of being classified as low risk by the PESI or PREP was 100% and 99%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The PREP score performed comparably to the PESI score for identifying PE patients at low risk for short-term and intermediate-term mortality.
The Entringer–Poupard matrix sequence

The so-called Entringer-Poupard matrices naturally occur when the distribution of the statistical pair (“last letter”, “greater neighbor of maximum”) is under study on the set of alternating permutations. They also provide a matrix refinement of the tangent/secant numbers. Moreover, their generating function can be explicitly derived.
- 9359 ( Volume-4 , Issue-7 ) Enhancing the Security of Identity and Access Management in Cloud Computing using Elliptic Curve Cryptography Assist

loud computing is the new technology that aims to provide software, hardware, bandwidth, and virtualized resources on demand via the internet based on the principle of pay per use. There are many challenges that facing the cloud computing, one of the main concerns is managing the identity and access control. This paper focuses on improving the security of identity and access management (IAM) in cloud computing. The proposed scheme combines the security of Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC), Trusted cloud (TC), and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). IBC is suitable choice for IAM because it reduce the key management complexities, and an ECC is robust algorithm and resistance against attacks. Keywords— Cloud computing, Cryptography, Elliptic Curve, Identity and Access Management
Toward Automated Dynamic Malware Analysis Using CWSandbox

Malware is notoriously difficult to combat because it appears and spreads so quickly. In this article, we describe the design and implementation of CWSandbox, a malware analysis tool that fulfills our three design criteria of automation, effectiveness, and correctness for the Win32 family of operating systems
Automatically Recognizing On-ball Screens

The pick and roll is a powerful tool; as former coach Stan Van Gundy once said of his Magic team, "[The pick and roll is] what we're going to be in when the game's on the line. [...] I don't care how good you are, you can't take away everything" [1]. In today's perimeter oriented NBA, the pick and roll is more important than ever before. The player tracking data that is now being collected across all arenas in the NBA holds out the promise of deepening our understanding of offensive strategies. In this paper we approach part of that problem by introducing a pattern recognition framework for identifying onball screens. We use a machine learning classifier on top of a rule-based algorithm to recognize on-ball screens. Tested on 21 quarters from 14 NBA games from last season our algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 82% and positive predictive value of 80%
Preparation of highly porous binderless activated carbon electrodes from fibres of oil palm empty fruit bunches for application in supercapacitors.

Fibres from oil palm empty fruit bunches, generated in large quantities by palm oil mills, were processed into self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG). Untreated and KOH-treated SACG were converted without binder into green monolith prior to N2-carbonisation and CO2-activation to produce highly porous binderless carbon monolith electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Characterisation of the pore structure of the electrodes revealed a significant advantage from combining the chemical and physical activation processes. The electrochemical measurements of the supercapacitor cells fabricated using these electrodes, using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques consistently found that approximately 3h of activation time, achieved via a multi-step heating profile, produced electrodes with a high surface area of 1704m(2)g(-1) and a total pore volume of 0.889cm(3)g(-1), corresponding to high values for the specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power of 150Fg(-1), 4.297Whkg(-1) and 173Wkg(-1), respectively.