LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience

0747-5632/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +65 6790 6636; fax: + E-mail addresses: leecs@ntu.edu.sg (C.S. Lee), malo 1 Tel.: +65 67905772; fax: +65 6791 5214. Recent events indicate that sharing news in social media has become a phenomenon of increasing social, economic and political importance because individuals can now participate in news production and diffusion in large global virtual communities. Yet, knowledge about factors influencing news sharing in social media remains limited. Drawing from the uses and gratifications (U&G) and social cognitive theories (SCT), this study explored the influences of information seeking, socializing, entertainment, status seeking and prior social media sharing experience on news sharing intention. A survey was designed and administered to 203 students in a large local university. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that respondents who were driven by gratifications of information seeking, socializing, and status seeking were more likely to share news in social media platforms. Prior experience with social media was also a significant determinant of news sharing intention. Implications and directions for future work are discussed. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the Empirics of Sudden Stops : The Relevance of Balance-Sheet Effects

Using a sample of 32 developed and developing countries we analyze the empirical characteristics of Sudden Stops in capital flows and the relevance of balance-sheet effects in the likelihood of their occurrence. We find that large real exchange rate (RER) fluctuations accompanied by Sudden Stops are basically an emerging market (EM) phenomenon. Sudden Stops seem to come in bunches, grouping together countries that are different in many respects. However, countries are similar in that they remain vulnerable to large RER fluctuations. This may be the case because countries are forced to make large adjustments in the absorption of tradable goods, and/or because the size of dollar liabilities in the banking system (i.e., domestic liability dollarization, or DLD) is large. Openness, understood as a large supply of tradable goods that reduces leverage over the current account deficit, in combination with DLD, is a key determinant of the probability of Sudden Stops. The relationship between Openness and DLD in the determination of the probability of Sudden Stops is highly non-linear, implying that the interaction of high current account leverage and high dollarization may be a dangerous cocktail. JEL Classification: F31, F32, F34, F41
Primer: demystifying risk—understanding and communicating medical risks

Assessments of risk are a critical part of the practice of evidence-based medicine. Comprehension of various risk measures, such as absolute risk, relative risk, attributable risk, odds ratio, and hazard ratio, is essential to understand the medical literature, and to communicate health risks effectively. Complex risk measures, including number needed to treat and survival estimates that are adjusted for competing risks, are often misunderstood. Communication of these concepts to patients can be a challenge. The patient's perception of risk stems not only from the way risks are stated, but also from family history, personal experiences, cultural norms, and beliefs. A multifaceted approach to risk communication that uses both qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk, and addresses the timing and permanence of risks, is necessary to ensure the patient understands the potential risks. Successful communication involves interaction with the patient to understand the patient's perspective and to aid in personalized decision-making. In the face of uncertainty, making a provisional decision with a plan to review it later can be a good strategy. Verifying the patient's comprehension can help ensure that the decisions reached are informed and acceptable.
Low Complexity Design of High Speed Parallel Decision Feedback Equalizers

This paper proposes a novel parallel approach for pipelining of nested multiplexer loops to design high speed decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) based on look-ahead techniques. It is well known that the DFE is an efficient scheme to suppress intersymbol interference (ISI) in various communication and magnetic recording systems. However, the feedback loop within a DFE limits an upper bound of the achievable high speed in hardware implementation. A straightforward parallel implementation requires more hardware complexity. The novel proposed technique offers significant reduction of hardware complexity of 56% and 80% over the conventional parallel six-tap DFE architectures for 10 Gbps and 20 Gbps throughput, respectively.
Multi-Sided Platforms: From Microfoundations to Design and Expansion Strategies

Multi-sided platforms (MSPs), which bring together two or more interdependent groups of customers, have recently risen to economic and business prominence in many industries. This paper first lays out a simple micro-founded framework which aims to organize academic and managerial thinking about MSPs. It argues that any MSP performs one or both among two fundamental functions: reducing search costs and reducing shared transaction costs among its multiple sides. Using a variety of illustrations, the framework is then used to formulate general principles driving MSP design and expansion strategies: choosing the relevant platform “sides”, deciding which fundamental activities to perform and trading off depth against scope of MSP functions.
Freeze-drying - application in food processing and biotechnology - a review.

It is common knowledge that processing may partially or totally affect the quality of a food product. Various changes may occur in physical, chemical and/or biological characteristics of foodstuffs during processing, storage and distribution. The criterion of quality is becoming of increasing importance to consumers’ choice. Thus, industrial products and ingredients are expected to offer various convenient properties (taste, health promotion, safety, etc.) that correspond to those of fresh products. At the same time, new market demands are emerging that could concern freeze-dried products, for example dehydrated fruits to be added to corn, flakes, cereal bars, ice cream, or pastry making.
A randomized clinical trial to reduce patient prehospital delay to treatment in acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Delay from onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptoms to hospital admission continues to be prolonged. To date, community education campaigns on the topic have had disappointing results. Therefore, we conducted a clinical randomized trial to test whether an intervention tailored specifically for patients with ACS and delivered one-on-one would reduce prehospital delay time.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Participants (n=3522) with documented coronary heart disease were randomized to experimental (n=1777) or control (n=1745) groups. Experimental patients received education and counseling about ACS symptoms and actions required. Patients had a mean age of 67+/-11 years, and 68% were male. Over the 2 years of follow-up, 565 patients (16.0%) were admitted to an emergency department with ACS symptoms a total of 842 times. Neither median prehospital delay time (experimental, 2.20 versus control, 2.25 hours) nor emergency medical system use (experimental, 63.6% versus control, 66.9%) was different between groups, although experimental patients were more likely than control to call the emergency medical system if the symptoms occurred within the first 6 months following the intervention (P=0.036). Experimental patients were significantly more likely to take aspirin after symptom onset than control patients (experimental, 22.3% versus control, 10.1%, P=0.02). The intervention did not result in an increase in emergency department use (experimental, 14.6% versus control, 17.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
The education and counseling intervention did not lead to reduced prehospital delay or increased ambulance use. Reducing the time from onset of ACS symptoms to arrival at the hospital continues to be a significant public health challenge.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier NCT00734760.
Comparison of enoxaparin and dalteparin with unfractionated heparin in the treatment of non-ST elevated acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND
The term non-ST elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses unstable Angina (USA) and non-ST segment elevated Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), both of which may end up in death or a fatal/non-fatal Myocardial Infarction (MI). Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been shown to reduce death and MI in patients with USA and NSTEMI. Of late, there has been a great interest in the role of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) in the two conditions and they have been found to be at least as effective as or even more effective than UFH.


METHODS
A total of 90 patients who presented to CCU of Khyber Teaching Hospital. Peshawar with USA or NSTEMI, from June 2008 to June 2009, were enrolled into the study. An equal number of patients were randomly assigned to one of the three arms for 5 days each: Group A received enoxaparin, group B received dalteparin and group C received UFH. The primary end points of the study were all cause mortality, STEMI, refractory USA, recurrent USA or a major bleed. The secondary end point was minor bleeding.


RESULTS
At the end of the study, there were 2 deaths each in the dalteparin and UFH group, whereas no such event was recorded in the enoxaparin group. Two patients had STEMI in the UFH group but none in the other two groups.


CONCLUSION
LMWHs are far more superior to unfractionated heparin.
Increased demand for mental health services on college campuses: Perspectives from administrators

This study examined changes in the demand and role of student mental health services as reported by administrators from college counseling and mental health centers (CCMHCs). Ten CCMHC administrators from US institutions engaged in semi-structured interviews. Four themes characterized the changes in demand and role of student mental health services: 1) an increase in the severity of mental health concerns and demand for services; 2) overall psychosocial differences in today’s college student population; 3) changes in the roles of counseling centers; and 4) institutional challenges and the response to those challenges. Administrators’ responses provided an enriched understanding of the current mental health needs of college students, the potential psychosocial and societal causes of these needs, and the importance of dynamic and flexible responses by counseling centers and institutions more broadly as the mental health profile of students continues to evolve.
The CLASSIC Knowledge Representation System: Guiding Principles and Implementation Rationale

Our work on the CLASSIC knowledge representation system covers a broad range from theory to practice. While CLASSIC was implemented primarily to provide a simple, easy to learn and use, locally available tool for a relatively limited set of applications, it has a substantial theoretical foundation, based on a formal "terminological" logic. The logical foundation provides the semantics of a term description language, which is used to define structured concepts and make assertions about individuals in a knowledge base. These concepts and individuals are organized into a generalization hierarchy by classification and subsumption algorithms. The CLASSIC system explores the expressiveness vs. tractability tradeoff, driven by concerns of usefulness and usability in several real applications. Within this context, it embodies our views of what a knowledge representation system should
A survey of methods for encrypted traffic classification and analysis

With the widespread use of encrypted data transport network traffic encryption is becoming a standard nowadays. This presents a challenge for traffic measurement, especially for analysis and anomaly detection methods which are dependent on the type of network traffic. In this paper, we survey existing approaches for classification and analysis of encrypted traffic. First, we describe the most widespread encryption protocols used throughout the Internet. We show that the initiation of an encrypted connection and the protocol structure give away a lot of information for encrypted traffic classification and analysis. Then, we survey payload and feature-based classification methods for encrypted traffic and categorize them using an established taxonomy. The advantage of some of described classification methods is the ability to recognize the encrypted application protocol in addition to the encryption protocol. Finally, we make a comprehensive comparison of the surveyed feature-based classification methods and present their weaknesses and strengths. Copyright c © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy-efficient smart metering for green smart grid communication

In a smart grid, smart meters are expected to be the key technology to support bi-directional information exchange between service providers and end-users. The on-growing demand of smart meters (residential customers and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) would result in huge energy consumption, while communicating with the entities in the smart grid. Therefore, green wireless communication technologies are expected to help in reducing their impact on environment. Therefore, it is important to design energy-efficient schemes that can reduce CO2 emissions and cost-effective energy management in the smart grid. In this paper, an energy-efficient smart metering scheme is proposed - an effort towards minimizing the energy consumption by the smart meters for green smart grid communication. We incorporate the use of coalition game to form multiple coalitions among smart meters to communicate with the service provider. We show that there exists a stable condition of the coalitions for which the payoff values of the smart meters are maximized. The simulation results show that using the proposed approach, energy consumption by the smart meters can be reduced, which, in turn, would enable green wireless communication in the smart grid.
Phase I evaluation of telatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with irinotecan and capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE
We studied the safety and tolerability of telatinib, an orally available, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, and c-Kit in combination with capecitabine and irinotecan.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Telatinib twice daily continuously, irinotecan once every 3 weeks, and capecitabine oral twice daily on day 1 to 14 were administered in cycles of 21 days in escalating doses in successive cohorts. Toxicity was evaluated to conform to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Pharmacokinetic and (circulating) endothelial (progenitor) cell measurements were done. Tumor efficacy was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.


RESULTS
Twenty-three patients were included in this phase I trial. Most frequently (>25%) reported adverse events of any grade were vomiting, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, alopecia, and hand-foot syndrome. A silent myocardial infarction and two cases of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction were reported; both were reversible. Cardiac monitoring of the subsequent patients did not reveal other abnormalities. The study was terminated when the recommended single agent phase II doses of telatinib (900 mg twice daily) and capecitabine/irinotecan was reached. Pharmacokinetic profiles showed no clinically relevant changes upon coadministration of the three drugs. (Circulating) endothelial (progenitor) cell levels stabilized during treatment. Five of 23 patients had partial remission and 9 of 23 patients showed stable disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Continuous administration of 900 mg telatinib twice daily can be safely combined with irinotecan (180 mg/m(2)) and capecitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily, day 1-14) and is the recommended schedule for further phase II studies. Tumor shrinkage and disease stabilization was observed. Cardiac toxicity needs further investigation in following studies.
Towards fully autonomous driving: Systems and algorithms

In order to achieve autonomous operation of a vehicle in urban situations with unpredictable traffic, several realtime systems must interoperate, including environment perception, localization, planning, and control. In addition, a robust vehicle platform with appropriate sensors, computational hardware, networking, and software infrastructure is essential.
A Mathematical Model of Two Cells via Turing's Equation

(11.1) Here we describe a mathematical model in the field of cellular biology. It is a model for two similar cells which interact via diffusion past a membrane. Each cell by itself is inert or dead in the sense that the concentrations of its enzymes achieve a constant equilibrium. In interaction however, the cellular system pulses (or expressed perhaps over dramatically, becomes alive:) in the sense that the concentrations of the enzymes in each cell will oscillate indefinitely. Of course we are using an extremely simplified picture of actual cells. The model is an example of Turing's equations of cellular biology [1] which are described in the next section. I would like to thank H. Hartman for bringing to my attention Reprinted with permission of the publisher, American Mathematical Society,
Acupuncture for treating acute attacks of migraine: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To discuss the results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of verum acupuncture in treating acute migraine attacks.


BACKGROUND
Acupuncture has been used in China for centuries to treat migraine headache. Convincing evidence of its efficacy in alleviating pain, however, has been inadequate to date.


METHODS
A total of 218 patients with migraine were recruited for the study; 180 met the inclusion criteria; 175 completed the callback process and were randomized into 3 groups. One group received verum acupuncture while subjects in the other 2 groups were treated with sham acupuncture. Each patient received 1 session of treatment and was observed over a period of 24 hours. The main outcome measure was the differences in visual analog scale (VAS) scores before treatment and 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours after treatment.


RESULTS
Significant decreases in VAS scores from baseline were observed in the fourth hour after treatment when VAS was measured in the patients who received either verum acupuncture or sham acupunctures (P < .05). The VAS scores in the fourth hour after treatment decreased by a median of 1.0 cm, 0.5 cm, and 0.1 cm in the verum acupuncture group, sham acupuncture group 1, and sham acupuncture group 2, respectively. Similarly, there was a significant difference in the change in VAS scores from baseline in the second hour after treatment among the 3 groups (P = .006). Moreover, at the second hour after treatment, only patients treated with verum acupuncture showed significant decreases in VAS scores from baseline by a median of 0.7 cm (P < .001). Significant differences were observed in pain relief, relapse, or aggravation within 24 hours after treatment as well as in the general evaluations among the 3 groups (P < .05). Most patients in the acupuncture group experienced complete pain relief (40.7%) and did not experience recurrence or intensification of pain (79.6%).


CONCLUSION
Verum acupuncture treatment is more effective than sham acupuncture based on either Chinese or Western nonacupoints in reducing the discomfort of acute migraine. Verum acupuncture is also clearly effective in relieving pain and preventing migraine relapse or aggravation. These findings support the contention that there are specific physiological effects that distinguish genuine acupoints from nonacupoints.
Costs associated with severe and nonsevere systemic lupus erythematosus in Canada.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the annual direct medical cost of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Canada by disease severity and to estimate the incremental cost associated with disease severity and flares.


METHODS
Medical charts of consecutive patients seen in 3 SLE-specialized treatment centers between July 2007 and June 2008 were retrospectively assessed for disease severity at baseline and for disease activity and health care resource utilization over the following 2 years (±6 months). Annual cost was stratified by disease severity at baseline. Two-year cost was compared for patients with and without flares over 2 years. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the associations between annual cost and SLE severity, and between 2-year cost and the number and type of flare (mild/moderate versus severe).


RESULTS
A total of 109 active SLE patients (94% women, mean age 41.4 years, mean disease duration 11.3 years, 56 patients with severe disease) were studied. The average annual direct medical cost was $10,608 Canadian (2010 dollars) and was higher for patients with severe disease, $15,048 versus $5,917 (P < 0.001). The 2-year direct cost for patients with at least 1 flare was $22,633 versus $11,113 (P = 0.028) for patients without flares. The mean incremental annual cost was $7,007 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] $3,487, $13,048) for an SLE patient with severe disease, and the 2-year mean incremental cost was $5,848 (95% CI $2,919, $8,777) for each additional severe flare.


CONCLUSION
The direct health care cost of SLE patients in Canada is influenced by disease severity and the type and frequency of flares.
Enhancement and recognition of noisy speech within an autoregressive hidden Markov model framework using noise estimates from the noisy signal

This paper describes a new algorithm to enhance and recognise noisy speech when only the noisy signal is available. The system uses autoregressive hidden Markov models (HMMs) to model the clean speech and noise and combines these to form a model for the noisy speech. The probability framework developed is then used to reestimate the noise models from the corrupted speech waveform and the process is repeated. Enhancement is performed using the Wiener lters formed from the nal clean speech models and noise estimates. Results are presented for additive stationary Gaussian and coloured noise.
A pilot study of salt and water restriction in patients with chronic heart failure.

UNLABELLED
International guidelines recommend low sodium intake and fluid restriction for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) despite little support from scientific research. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate if dietary restriction instructions and recommendations are effective in reducing sodium and fluid intake in patients with CHF and if such reductions affect quality of life, thirst and appetite. Design. A 12-week, prospective, randomized study with an intervention and control group. The intervention group (n=17) followed a sodium-restricted diet (2-3 g/day) and fluid restriction (1.5 L/day) while the control group (n=13) received general diet information on heart failure. Urine sodium excretion was measured on three consecutive days and para-aminobenzoic acid was used to secure urine collection. Individual dietary recommendations were provided.


RESULTS
Fluid intake was reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group from baseline to follow-up: 1.6(0.4)L to 1.2(0.5)L vs. 1.7(0.8)L to 1.6(0.9)L (p=0.04). Sodium excretion was reduced by > or =25% in 57% of the patients in the intervention group and in 25% in the control group (p=0.049).


CONCLUSION
Patients with CHF were able to reduce sodium and fluid intake. The effects in terms of patient perceptions and clinical outcomes need to be assessed in a larger study.