LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment.

BACKGROUND
Myocardial infarction (MI) can directly cause ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), which has been touted as an indicator of poor prognosis in acute and early phases after MI. However, in the chronic post-MI phase, prognostic implications of IMR presence and degree are poorly defined.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We analyzed 303 patients with previous (>16 days) Q-wave MI by ECG who underwent transthoracic echocardiography: 194 with IMR quantitatively assessed in routine practice and 109 without IMR matched for baseline age (71+/-11 versus 70+/-9 years, P=0.20), sex, and ejection fraction (EF, 33+/-14% versus 34+/-11%, P=0.14). In IMR patients, regurgitant volume (RVol) and effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area were 36+/-24 mL/beat and 21+/-12 mm(2), respectively. After 5 years, total mortality and cardiac mortality for patients with IMR (62+/-5% and 50+/-6%, respectively) were higher than for those without IMR (39+/-6% and 30+/-5%, respectively) (both P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, independently of all baseline characteristics, particularly age and EF, the adjusted relative risks of total and cardiac mortality associated with the presence of IMR (1.88, P=0.003 and 1.83, P=0.014, respectively) and quantified degree of IMR defined by RVol >/=30 mL (2.05, P=0.002 and 2.01, P=0.009) and by ERO >/=20 mm(2) (2.23, P=0.003 and 2.38, P=0.004) were high.


CONCLUSIONS
In the chronic phase after MI, IMR presence is associated with excess mortality independently of baseline characteristics and degree of ventricular dysfunction. The mortality risk is related directly to the degree of IMR as defined by ERO and RVol. Therefore, IMR detection and quantification provide major information for risk stratification and clinical decision making in the chronic post-MI phase.
Building virtual cities, inspiring intelligent citizens: Digital games for developing students' problem solving and learning motivation

This study investigates the effectiveness digital game-based learning (DGBL) on students’ problem solving, learning motivation, and academic achievement. In order to provide substantive empirical evidence, a quasi-experimental design was implemented over the course of a full semester (23 weeks). Two ninth-grade Civics and Society classes, with a total of 44 students (15–16 years old), were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: an experimental group (incorporating DGBL) and a comparison group (taught using traditional instruction). Two-way mixed ANOVA was employed to evaluate changes in problem solving ability and compare the effectiveness the two strategies, while ANCOVA was used to analyze the effects on learning motivation and academic achievement. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) The DGBL strategy was clearly effective in promoting students’ problem solving skills, while the control group showed no improvement. Additionally, data from the mid-test and post-test demonstrate that, as a higher order thinking skill, problem-solving requires a full semester to develop. (2). DGBL resulted in better learning motivation for students in the experimental group as compared to learners receiving TI. (3) Contrary to some suggestions that digital games could inhibit academic achievement, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Most importantly, the quantitative improvement in problem-solving and learning motivation suggest that DGBL can be exploited as a useful and productive tool to support students in effective learning while enhancing the classroom atmosphere. Future research in DGBL should emphasize the evaluation of other higher order elements of the cognitive domain in terms of academic achievement outcomes and skills, such as critical and creative thinking. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The social psychology of industrial buying and selling

Abstract New ways to view industrial marketing are offered in order to clarify some currently existing confusion in the area. The dyadic or two party model and the systems model are offered as reconceptualizations leading to a better understanding of industrial marketing management. Action implications for business managers and academic researchers are suggested.
Türkçe için Kelime Temsillerinin Ö˘ grenimi Learning Word Representations for Turkish

High-quality word representations have been very successful in recent years at improving performance across a variety of NLP tasks. These word representations are the mappings of each word in the vocabulary to a real vector in the Euclidean space. Besides high performance on specific tasks, learned word representations have been shown to perform well on establishing linear relationships among words. The recently introduced skipgram model improved performance on unsupervised learning of word embeddings that contains rich syntactic and semantic word relations both in terms of accuracy and speed. Word embeddings that have been used frequently on English language, is not applied to Turkish yet. In this paper, we apply the skip-gram model to a large Turkish text corpus and measured the performance of them quantitatively with the "question" sets that we generated. The learned word embeddings and the question sets are publicly available at our website. Keywords—Word embeddings, Natural Language Processing, Deep Learning
Risk of AIDS and death at given HIV-RNA and CD4 cell count, in relation to specific antiretroviral drugs in the regimen.

BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether the relationship between the HIV-RNA/CD4 cell count and risk of clinical disease continues to hold true for newer antiretroviral drugs approved without data from clinical endpoint trials.


OBJECTIVE
: To determine and compare whether rate ratios of AIDS and death at given, latest HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts levels were similar, regardless of which nucleoside pair and specific third drugs patients received as antiretroviral therapy.


DESIGN
EuroSIDA observational cohort. A total of 9802 prospectively followed patients.


METHODS
Analysis included patients taking combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) regimens containing two non-abacavir nucleosides plus a 'third drug' of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a (possibly ritonavir boosted) protease inhibitor or abacavir.


RESULTS
A total of 6814 patients contributed a total of 22 766.6 person-years of follow up. Median latest CD4 cell count was 353 x 10 cells/l, HIV-RNA 199 copies/ml. A total of 900 events of new AIDS or death were observed. AIDS/death rates for any given CD4 or HIV-RNA category were similar regardless of specific drugs being used. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) for individual drugs compared with indinavir (for which clinical endpoint trials are available) were all close to 1 and with relatively narrow 95% confidence intervals (CI); for example, nelfinavir RR, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.76-1.28); efavirenz RR, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.57-1.20); abacavir RR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.64-1.60). Results were similar for different nucleoside pairs.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that AIDS/death rates for given CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA categories are similar, regardless of CART regimen being taken and provide reassurance that HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts in individual patients receiving newer drugs have the same meaning, in terms of AIDS/death risk, regardless of specific antiretroviral regimen.
Efficacy of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase hepatic MRI

PURPOSE
To investigate the efficacy of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase MRI.


METHODS
In phantom study, we scanned a phantom and obtained images by conventional means (P1 images), by partial-Fourier image reconstruction (PF, P2 images) and by PF with the POCS algorithm (P3 images). Then we acquired and compared subtraction images (P2-P1 images and P3-P1 images). In clinical study, 55 consecutive patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA (EOB)-enhanced 3D hepatobiliary-phase MRI on a 1.5T scanner. Images were obtained using conventional method (C1 images), PF (C2 images), and PF with POCS (C3 images). The acquisition time was 17-, 14-, and 14 s for protocols C1, C2 and C3, respectively. Two radiologists assigned grades for hepatic vessel sharpness and we compared the visual grading among the 3 protocols. And one radiologist compared signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the hepatic parenchyma.


RESULTS
In phantom study, there was no difference in signal intensity on a peripheral phantom column on P3-P1 images. In clinical study, there was no significant difference between C1 and C3 images (2.62 ± 0.49 vs. 2.58 ± 0.49, p = 0.70) in the score assigned for vessel sharpness nor in SNR (13.3 ± 2.67 vs. 13.1 ± 2.51, p = 0.18).


CONCLUSION
The POCS algorithm makes it possible to reduce the scan time of hepatobiliary phase (from 17 to 14 s) without reducing SNR and without increasing artifacts.
Patterns and effects of missing comorbidity data for patients starting renal replacement therapy in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

BACKGROUND
Renal Registries play a key role in assessing quality of care and outcomes of renal replacement therapy and comparisons of outcomes between groups should adjust for differences in comorbidities. This study aimed to describe patterns of missing comorbidity data and differences in survival between patients with comorbidity data returned and those with missing comorbidity data.


METHODS
Trends in comorbidity data returns by year (1998-2006) and within centres were examined using descriptive statistics. Survival of patients was described using Kaplan-Meier graphs (log-rank tests) and hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Last follow-up was at 31 December 2007. A range of sensitivity analyses were carried out, including multiple imputation.


RESULTS
Among 34,059 patients, there were 62% who had no comorbidity data. The completeness of comorbidity data increased markedly from 17% in 1998 to 47% in 2003, but had fallen back to 37% by the year 2006. Those with a missing comorbidity generally do considerably worse than those without the comorbidity and in most cases more closely follow the survival curve of those with the comorbidity. Multiple imputation analysis suggested that those with missing information on comorbidity have higher prevalence of comorbidity than seen in those with available data. Treating missing comorbidity entries as indication of absent comorbidity (i.e. a tick only if yes policy) would lead to an attenuation of the effect of comorbidity on survival.


CONCLUSIONS
Missing data lead to difficulties in performing between centre comparisons. A 'tick if present policy' in comorbidity data collection should be discouraged. Much more work is needed to fully understand why levels of missing comorbidity data are so high and to identify strategies to improve recording.
Effect of Life Style Modification's Nursing Program on Post-operative Outcomes of Patients with Selected Benign Perianal Diseases

Benign perianal diseases are common pathologic lesions affecting millions worldwide which lead to significant morbidity and representing major medical and socioeconomic problems . This study aiming to evaluate the effect of life style modification's nursing program on post-operative outcomes of patients with selected benign perianal diseases. Subjects : A purposive sample of 100 adult patients undergoing a surgical procedure for hemorrhoid or/and anal fissure. Setting : The study was conducted at the general surgery department and general surgery out patient's clinics of Menoufia University hospital and Shebien El- kom Teaching hospital . Tools of the study: Four tools were utilized. Tool I: An interviewing questionnaire includes three parts: Personal data, medical data and patient's knowledge about diet and behavioral modification. Tool II: Post-operative complications assessment sheet. Tool III: Kegel exercise's performance checklist Tool IV: Self reported compliance assessment sheet. Results: There was statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding total means of knowledge, behavioral and exercises performance after intervention. There was statistically significant difference between study group and control group regarding post- operative complication. There were statistically significant differences regarding compliance about diet, behavioral modification and exercises in the study group than control group.  Also, there was statistically significant reduction of recurrent manifestation of study group and control group after and six months. Conclusion : The implementation of lifestyle modifications program had led to improve healthy habits regarding diet, behavior and exercise practice that leading to reduce postoperative complication and also, is more effective on prevent the recurrence of manifestation after six months of follow up. Recommendations: Generalizing dietary and behavioral life style modifications among patients to prevent diseases initiation / symptoms aggravation reduce the incidence of surgery and disease recurrence after surgery. Keywords: Life Style Modification's nursing program, Post-operative outcomes &Selected benign perianal diseases. DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/60-10 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
How we diagnose and treat WHO-defined systemic mastocytosis in adults.

| 6 | haematologica | 2008; 93(1) Current classification and diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis, and its distinction from other myeloid malignancies associated with bone marrow mastocytosis, remain challenging for both clinicians and hematopathologists. In its upcoming revision, due out in 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for myeloid malignancies considers mast cell disease as a myeloproliferative neoplasm and systemic mastocytosis as a subcategory of mast cell disease with bone marrow involvement. At the same time, the WHO document distinguishes the usually KIT-mutated systemic mastocytosis from myeloid neoplasms associated with bone marrow mastocytosis and PDGFR mutations (e.g. FIP1L1-PDGFRA, PRKG2-PDGFRB). The latter are often associated with eosinophilia or basophilia and sensitive to treatment with imatinib. WHO-defined systemic mastocytosis is sometimes associated with a clonally-related second myeloid neoplasm, which is not surprising considering its origin as a stem cell disease with multilineage clonal involvement. Conversely, an otherwise welldefined myeloid malignancy, such as myelodysplastic syndrome or a non-mast cell disease myeloproliferative neoplasm, might harbor neoplastic mast cells. Our approach to diagnosis in systemic mastocytosis starts with bone marrow examination with tryptase staining and mast cell CD25 immunophenotyping. The former enhances morphologic and the latter immunophenotypic distinction between normal (round and CD25-negative) How we diagnose and treat WHO-defined systemic mastocytosis in adults
Fault Hiding and Reliable Regulation in Control Systems Subject to Polynomial Exogenous Signals

This paper addresses a regulation problem under a faulttolerance constraint. Specifically, the goal consists in designing a control system which guarantees signal tracking and disturbance rejection when an arbitrary number of sensors and/or actuators faults occur, that is, when some feedback loops open. The considered plants are Linear Time Invariant (LTI), asymptotically stable and subject to perturbations, and the exogenous signals are polynomial in time. The regulator is composed by a nominal controller supervised by a reconfiguration block. The former solves the regulation problem above when all the sensors and actuators are operational, and is suitably modified by the latter in case of faults. The structure of the regulator is the one adopted in what is called fault hiding approach to fault-tolerant control. First, it is discussed the extent to which signal tracking and disturbance rejection can be achieved for each pattern of sensors and actuators faults. Further, the actions to be performed by the reconfiguration block are established. Then, the synthesis of the nominal controller is dealt with, and necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence are given. Finally, a nominal controller is proposed, which has the least possible order and renders particularly simple the implementation of the actions of the reconfiguration block.
Nonlinear Optimal Line-Of-Sight Stabilization with Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling

A nonlinear optimal controller with a fuzzy gain scheduler has been designed and applied to a Line-Of-Sight (LOS) stabilization system. Use of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) theory is an optimal and simple manner of solving many control engineering problems. However, this method cannot be utilized directly for multigimbal LOS systems since they are nonlinear in nature. To adapt LQ controllers to nonlinear systems at least a linearization of the model plant is required. When the linearized model is only valid within the vicinity of an operating point a gain scheduler is required. Therefore, a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System gain scheduler has been implemented, which keeps the asymptotic stability performance provided by the optimal feedback gain approach. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed controller is capable of overcoming disturbances and maintaining a satisfactory tracking performance. Keywords—Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling, Gimbal, Line-Of-Sight Stabilization, LQR, Optimal Control
Substance use and mental health trends among U.S. military active duty personnel: key findings from the 2008 DoD Health Behavior Survey.

OBJECTIVE
Examine substance use and mental health issues among U.S. military personnel.


METHODS
Data were from the 2008 (and before) population-based Department of Defense Health Related Behavior Surveys. The sample size for the 2008 survey was 28,546 (70.6% response rate).


RESULTS
Analyses examined substance use, stress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation and attempts, deployment, and job satisfaction. Trends show reductions in tobacco use and illicit drug use, but increases in prescription drug misuse, heavy alcohol use, stress, PTSD, and suicidal attempts. Deployment exacerbated some of these behavior changes. Despite the demanding lifestyle, job satisfaction was high.


CONCLUSIONS
The military has shown progress in decreasing cigarette smoking and illicit drug use. Additional emphasis should be placed on understanding increases in prescription drug misuse, heavy alcohol use, PTSD, and suicide attempts, and on planning additional effective interventions and prevention programs. Challenges remain in understanding and addressing military mental health needs.
Sorting N elements using quantum entanglement sets

To search for an element in an unsorted database, it requires O(N) operations using classical computers, where it takes only O(√ N) operations in quantum systems. In this paper, we provide an in-depth look at the existing quantum searching algorithms and emphasize the quantum entanglement feature to propose a new technique for sorting N elements and thus improve the sorting process.
A Robust Lin-Buzo-Gray Algorithm in Data Vector Quantization

Vector quantization (VQ) is an effective means of data compression for it maps a set of real numbers into a single integer. In this paper, a coverage density based initial codebook generating mechanism is proposed to replace the random splitting method in Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm (LBG). Coverage distortion and density of each codevector are calculated in the iteration step of LBG. In splitting step, only bad codevectors which with lower coverage density are split into two and invalid codevectors be deleted. Good codevectors, which with very higher coverage density, are insert to the new codebook without splitting. Experiment results show that the modification to LBG improves the robustness of LBG and the average distortion is also reduced up to 7% than LBG.
Modelling OWL Ontologies with Graffoo

In this paper we introduce Graffoo, i.e., a graphical notation to develop OWL ontologies by means of yEd, a free editor for diagrams.
Model-based automation of the design of user interfaces to digital control systems

Digital control systems, like those controlling the functions of buildings or industrial processes, pose a number of special problems for good user interface design. The general problems of providing usability, common to all systems, include difficulty in accessing and applying principles of good design. In addition, digital control systems can have multiple users, with multiple roles, and each installation has different configurations of systems, controls, and user interface devices. Providing interactions for the users of building control systems is often achieved by manually implementing each required display. This is an expensive solution, which often produces less than optimal results. We address these problems through the use of automated user interface generation. Our solution, called DIGBE (Dynamic Interface Generation for Building Environments), separates domain knowledge, interaction design, and presentation heuristics into separate, collaborating models. Each model contains knowledge about a particular aspect of interface design, and uses this knowledge to dynamically create each user interface that is needed to support the users of the control systems. DIGBE demonstrates that it is possible to automatically and dynamically create consistent and individualized user interfaces from modelbased design knowledge. Model-Based Automation of the Design of User Interfaces to Digital Control Systems
Religion and relevance in human geography: Some further issues

Abstract In this paper I provide further discussion of a number of issues relating to the relevance of religion for a relevant human geography. These include the importance of a normative approach, the nature of relevant research, the implementation of research findings, and the value of a religious perspective for research in human geography and as an input to policy formulation.
Licochalcone Suppresses LXRα-Induced Hepatic Lipogenic Gene Expression through AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway Activation

Licochalcone (LC), a major phenolic retrochalcone from licorice, has anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigated the effects of licochalcone A (LCA) and licochalcone E (LCE) on Liver X receptor-α (LXRα)-mediated lipogenic gene expression and the molecular mechanisms underlying those effects. LCA and LCE antagonized the ability of LXRα agonists (T0901317 or GW3965) to increase sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression and thereby inhibited target gene expression (e.g., FAS and ACC) in HepG2 cells. Moreover, treatment with LCA and LCE impaired LXRα/RXRα-induced CYP7A1-LXRE-luciferase (CYP7A1) transactivation. The AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway is an important regulator of energy metabolism and, therefore, a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis. We found here that LCE increased AMPK phosphorylation and Sirt1 expression. We conclude that LC inhibits SREBP-1c-mediated hepatic lipogenesis via activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.
Microbial production of citric acid

Citric acid is the most important organic acid produced in tonnage and is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries. It is produced mainly by submerged fermentation using Aspergillus niger or Candida sp. from different sources of carbohydrates, such as molasses and starch based media. However, other fermentation techniques, e.g. solid state fermentation and surface fermentation, and alternative sources of carbon such as agroindustrial residues have been intensively studied showing great perspective to its production. This paper reviews recent developments on citric acid production by presenting a brief summary of the subject, describing microorganisms, production techniques, and substrates, etc.