LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The media's representation of the ideal male body: a cause for muscle dysmorphia?

OBJECTIVE
This study sought to examine the effects of media images on men's attitudes toward their body appearance.


METHOD
A group of college men viewed advertisements showing muscular men, whereas a control group viewed neutral advertisements. Immediately thereafter, participants performed a computerized test of body image perception while unaware of the hypotheses being tested in the study.


RESULTS
The students exposed to the muscular images showed a significantly greater discrepancy between their own perceived muscularity and the level of muscularity that they ideally wanted to have.


DISCUSSION
These findings suggest that media images, even in a brief presentation, can affect men's views of their bodies.
Neutrosophic Game Theoretic Approach to Indo-Pak Conflict over Jammu-Kashmir

The study deals with the enduring conflict between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir since 1947. The ongoing conflict is analyzed as an enduring rivalry; characterized by three major wars (1947-48), 1965, 1971, low intensity military conflict (Siachen), mini war at Kargil (1999), internal insurgency, cross border terrorism. We examine the progress and the status of the dispute, as well as the dynamics of the India Pakistan relationship by considering the influence of USA and China in crisis dynamics. We discuss the possible solutions offered by the various study groups and persons. Most of the studies were done in crisp environment. Pramanik and Roy (S. Pramanik and T.K. Roy, Game theoretic model to the Jammu-Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. International Journal of Mathematical Archive (IJMA), 4(8) (2013), 162-170.) studied game theoretic model toJammu and Kashmir conflict in crisp environment. In the present study we have extended the concept of the game theoric model of the Jammu and Kashmir conflict in neutrosophic envirorment. We have explored the possibilities and developed arguments for an application of principle of neutrosophic game theory to understand properly of the Jammu and Kashmir conflict in terms of goals and strategy of either side. Standard 2×2 zero-sum game theoretic model used to identify an optimal solution.
Validation of the Greek translation of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM).

CONTEXT
The educational environment makes an important contribution to student learning. The DREEM questionnaire is a validated tool assessing the environment.


OBJECTIVES
To translate and validate the DREEM into Greek.


METHODS
Forward translations from English were produced by three independent Greek translators and then back translations by five independent bilingual translators. The Greek DREEM.v0 that was produced was administered to 831 undergraduate students from six Greek medical schools. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest correlation were used to evaluate reliability and factor analysis was used to assess validity. Questions that increased alpha if deleted and/or sorted unexpectedly in factor analysis were further checked through two focus groups.


FINDINGS
Questionnaires were returned by 487 respondents (59%), who were representative of all surveyed students by gender but not by year of study or medical school. The instrument's overall alpha was 0.90, and for the learning, teachers, academic, atmosphere and social subscales the alphas were 0.79 (expected 0.69), 0.78 (0.67), 0.69 (0.60), 0.68 (0.69), 0.48 (0.57), respectively. In a subset of the whole sample, test and retest alphas were both 0.90, and mean item scores highly correlated (p<0.001). Factor analysis produced meaningful subscales but not always matching the original ones. Focus group evaluation revealed possible misunderstanding for questions 17, 25, 29 and 38, which were revised in the DREEM.Gr.v1. The group mean overall scale score was 107.7 (SD 20.2), with significant differences across medical schools (p<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Alphas and test-retest correlation suggest the Greek translated and validated DREEM scale is a reliable tool for assessing the medical education environment and for informing policy. Factor analysis and focus group input suggest it is a valid tool. Reasonable school differences suggest the instrument's sensitivity.
A 20µW neural recording tag with supply-current-modulated AFE in 0.13µm CMOS

Perpetual measurement of brain activity in untethered small animal in-vivo experiments requires low power micro-systems incorporating amplification, A/D conversion, and short range wireless transmission. Overall power and communication strategies depend largely on size constraints of the implant site. For extremely small implants, these systems generally call for permanently powering the implanted recording system without the use of a battery. Such systems are primarily based on low frequency and close proximity inductive links for power and communication [1]. Alternatively, in scenarios where the implant site is less constrained, the use of small batteries can provide increased communication range [2]. In this paper, we present a 20µW neural recording tag architecture that can be either remotely powered using a transponder-reader link or operated from a small battery for increased communication range. The key features that enable this increased system flexibility are the use of a supply current modulation strategy, minimizing average power consumption of the analog-front end (AFE) and allocating larger instantaneous power levels for amplification, processing, and communication, and an uplink communication scheme based on far-field backscattering or near-field load modulation with compatibility for both battery and remotely powered systems.
Lifestyle micro-influencers and the practice of product endorsement on Instagram through the eyes of young female users

......................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 3
P18-14 LB. Vacc-4x HIV p24-like peptide vaccine-associated increase of CD4 T-cells in chronically infected HIV-1 patients on antiretroviral therapy

Background Since its implementation more than a decade ago combination Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has had a dramatic effect on HIV-1 induced mortality and morbidity. However, 15-20% of the patients initiating ART do not regain CD4 T-cells despite an effective suppression of HIV1mRNA levels in blood. The incomplete therapeutic effect leaves these patients at elevated risk of disease complications and death. Attempts to reduce clinical events through IL-2 induced stimulation of CD4 T-cells in the ESPRIT and SILCAAT studies have not proven to be successful. Until further research has given better opportunities for a successful direct induction of functional CD4 cells a logical alternative may be to increase CD4 counts indirectly by improving anti-HIV effect while on ART using antigen-specific immune stimulation with an effective HIV-vaccine.
A filtering technique to lower oscillator phase noise

Test oscillators are implemented using the noise filtering schemes described: a top-biased and a tail-biased VCO for the 1GHz band, and a tail-biased VCO for the 2.2GHz band. These CMOS circuits are fabricated in the STMicroelectronics BiCMOS 6M process.
Dielectric properties of nanopowder dispersions in paraffin oil

This work contributes to the study of nanofluids, by investigating polarization phenomena induced by nanoparticle inclusions in paraffin oil, an insulating organic liquid. Fine metal oxide powders and nanopowders of Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, Cu2O and Fe2O3 were dispersed at concentrations up to 5% w/v in the liquid matrix, using ultrasonic treatment. The relative dielectric constant and loss tangent (tanδ) of both pure oil and the prepared nanofluids were recorded in the 20 Hz-1 MHz frequency range. Results depend both on grain size and on the specific compound. In the case of alumina nanoparticles, dielectric behavior is dominated by grain surface polarization phenomena induced by adsorbed water. This effect can be partially cancelled out by the addition of titania nanoparticles. Titanium and (to a lesser extent) ferric oxide increased the dielectric constant at middle and high frequencies. Cupric and cuprous oxides exhibit a distinct relaxation mechanism at the high end of the examined frequency range.
Numerical investigation and evaluation of optimum hydrodynamic performance of a horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine

Articles you may be interested in Aerodynamic performance and characteristic of vortex structures for Darrieus wind turbine. II. The relationship between vortex structure and aerodynamic performance Three-dimensional numerical analysis on blade response of a vertical-axis tidal current turbine under operational conditions A coupled hydro-structural design optimization for hydrokinetic turbines Numerical study on aerodynamic performances of the wind turbine rotor with leading-edge rotation Dynamic stall analysis of horizontal-axis-wind-turbine blades using computational fluid dynamics AIP Conf. The hydrodynamic performance of horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines (HAHkTs) under different turbine geometries and flow conditions is discussed. Hydrokinetic turbines are a class of zero-head hydropower systems which utilize kinetic energy of flowing water to drive a generator. However, such turbines very often suffer from low-efficiency which is primarily due to its operation in a low tip-speed ratio (4) regime. This makes the design of a HAHkT a challenging task. A detailed computational fluid dynamics study was performed using the k-x shear stress transport turbulence model to examine the effect of various parameters like tip-speed ratio, solidity, angle of attack, and number of blades on the performance HAHkTs having power capacities of $12 kW. For this purpose, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and validated with experimental data. The numerical studies estimate optimum turbine solidity and blade numbers that produce maximum power coefficient at a given tip speed ratio. Simulations were also performed to observe the axial velocity ratios at the turbine rotor downstream for different tip speed ratios which provide quantitative details of energy loss suffered by each turbine at an ambient flow condition. The velocity distribution provides confirmation of the stall-delay phenomenon due to the effect of rotation of the turbine and a further verification of optimum tip speed ratio corresponding to maximum power coefficient obtained from the solidity analysis.
Prepregnancy body mass index is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small- and large-for-gestational-age infants.

OBJECTIVE
We examined if prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants with consideration of gestational weight gain, to document the importance of preconception versus prenatal stage.


METHODS
We used the data of 219 868 women from 2004 to 2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of prepregnancy BMI for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and SGA and LGA infants with consideration of gestational weight gain.


RESULTS
Regardless of gestational weight gain, women with obese prepregnancy BMI (≥30 kg/m(2)) had increased odds of gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 2.91; 95% CI = 2.76-3.07), gestational diabetes (2.78; 2.60-2.96), and LGA (1.87; 1.76-1.99) compared to women with normal prepregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)). Women with underweight prepregnancy BMI (<18.5 kg/m(2)) had increased odds of preterm labor (1.25; 1.16-1.36) and SGA infants (1.36; 1.25-1.49), but decreased odds of LGA infants (0.72; 0.61-0.85) in reference to women with normal prepregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)).


CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of adequacy of gestational weight gain, the risk of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and LGA infants increases with obese prepregnancy BMI, whereas that of preterm labor and SGA infants increases with underweight prepregnancy BMI. Preconception care of reproductive aged women is as important as prenatal care to lower the risk of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and SGA and LGA infants.
QCD: THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS

I review recent theoretical advances in quantum chromodynamics. Particular emphasis is put on developments related to the precise prediction and interpretation of experimental data from present and future high energy colliders.
Effects of hormone therapy on soluble cell adhesion molecules in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE
Although observational studies showed an apparent lower ischemic coronary disease risk in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy (HT), randomized clinical trials in postmenopausal women showed an increase in ischemic cardiovascular events. Soluble cell adhesion molecules have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and events. HT reduces circulating levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in healthy postmenopausal women, but its effects in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease are less clear. We assessed the effect of HT on soluble cell adhesion molecules in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial.


DESIGN
The Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study that randomized 309 postmenopausal women (mean age, 65.8 y) to daily unopposed estrogen (conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg), estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, or placebo, with a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin were measured in serum obtained from participants at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up.


RESULTS
Of the 265 women with complete data, 87 women were assigned to unopposed estrogen, 88 women to estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 90 women to placebo. Compared with placebo, 12 months of HT (n = 175) was associated with reductions in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (25.6 +/- 4.7 vs 10.6 +/- 6.4 ng/mL, P = 0.06), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (80.2+/- 10.6 vs 28.8 +/- 14.7 ng/mL, P = 0.005), and E-selectin (8.8 +/- 0.9 vs -1.1 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Twelve months of HT in postmenopausal women with established coronary artery disease was associated with reductions in serum markers of endothelial cell activation/injury such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin.
Excess Volatility of Corporate Bonds

This paper examines the connection among corporate bonds, stocks, and Treasury bonds under the Merton model with stochastic interest rate, focusing in particular on the volatility of corporate bonds and its connection to the equity volatility of the same firm and the Treasury bond volatility. For a broad cross-section of corporate bonds from 2002 through 2006, empirical measures of bond volatility are constructed using bond returns over daily, weekly, and monthly horizons. Comparing the empirical volatility with its model-implied counterpart, we find an overwhelming degree of excess volatility that is difficult to be explained by a default-based model. This excess volatility is found to be the strongest at the daily and weekly horizons, indicating a more pronounced liquidity component in corporate bonds at short horizons. At the monthly horizon, the excess volatility tapers off but remains significant. Moreover, we find that variables known to be linked to bond liquidity are important in explaining the cross-sectional variations in excess volatility, providing further evidence of a liquidity problem in corporate bonds. Finally, subtracting the equity and Treasury exposures from corporate bond returns, we find a non-trivial systematic component in the bond residuals that give rise to the excess volatility. ∗Bao is at the MIT Sloan School of Management, jackbao@mit.edu. Pan is at the MIT Sloan School of Management and NBER, junpan@mit.edu. We benefit from discussions with Jiang Wang; seminar participants at the MIT Finance Lunch and Boston University (Economics). We thank Duncan Ma for assistance in gathering Bloomberg data, and financial support from the outreach program of J.P. Morgan.
Sciatica of nondisc origin and piriformis syndrome: diagnosis by magnetic resonance neurography and interventional magnetic resonance imaging with outcome study of resulting treatment.

OBJECT
Because lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging fails to identify a treatable cause of chronic sciatica in nearly 1 million patients annually, the authors conducted MR neurography and interventional MR imaging in 239 consecutive patients with sciatica in whom standard diagnosis and treatment failed to effect improvement.


METHODS
After performing MR neurography and interventional MR imaging, the final rediagnoses included the following: piriformis syndrome (67.8%), distal foraminal nerve root entrapment (6%), ischial tunnel syndrome (4.7%), discogenic pain with referred leg pain (3.4%), pudendal nerve entrapment with referred pain (3%), distal sciatic entrapment (2.1%), sciatic tumor (1.7%), lumbosacral plexus entrapment (1.3%), unappreciated lateral disc herniation (1.3%), nerve root injury due to spinal surgery (1.3%), inadequate spinal nerve root decompression (0.8%), lumbar stenosis (0.8%), sacroiliac joint inflammation (0.8%), lumbosacral plexus tumor (0.4%), sacral fracture (0.4%), and no diagnosis (4.2%). Open MR-guided Marcaine injection into the piriformis muscle produced the following results: no response (15.7%), relief of greater than 8 months (14.9%), relief lasting 2 to 4 months with continuing relief after second injection (7.5%), relief for 2 to 4 months with subsequent recurrence (36.6%), and relief for 1 to 14 days with full recurrence (25.4%). Piriformis surgery (62 operations; 3-cm incision, transgluteal approach, 55% outpatient; 40% with local or epidural anesthesia) resulted in excellent outcome in 58.5%, good outcome in 22.6%, limited benefit in 13.2%, no benefit in 3.8%, and worsened symptoms in 1.9%.


CONCLUSIONS
This Class A quality evaluation of MR neurography's diagnostic efficacy revealed that piriformis muscle asymmetry and sciatic nerve hyperintensity at the sciatic notch exhibited a 93% specificity and 64% sensitivity in distinguishing patients with piriformis syndrome from those without who had similar symptoms (p < 0.01). Evaluation of the nerve beyond the proximal foramen provided eight additional diagnostic categories affecting 96% of these patients. More than 80% of the population good or excellent functional outcome was achieved.
Biodegradability engineering of biodegradable Mg alloys: Tailoring the electrochemical properties and microstructure of constituent phases

Crystalline Mg-based alloys with a distinct reduction in hydrogen evolution were prepared through both electrochemical and microstructural engineering of the constituent phases. The addition of Zn to Mg-Ca alloy modified the corrosion potentials of two constituent phases (Mg + Mg2Ca), which prevented the formation of a galvanic circuit and achieved a comparable corrosion rate to high purity Mg. Furthermore, effective grain refinement induced by the extrusion allowed the achievement of much lower corrosion rate than high purity Mg. Animal studies confirmed the large reduction in hydrogen evolution and revealed good tissue compatibility with increased bone deposition around the newly developed Mg alloy implants. Thus, high strength Mg-Ca-Zn alloys with medically acceptable corrosion rate were developed and showed great potential for use in a new generation of biodegradable implants.
Clitics and clause structure

In lateMedievalGreekandmanymoderndialects,pronominalclitics aresyntactically adjoinedto an IP projection. In anothersetof dialectstheyhavebecome syntacticallyadjoinedto averbalhead.In themostinnovatingdialects(which includeStandardGreek)theyareagreement affixes.ExtendingtheFontana/Halpern clitic typology, we proposea trajectoryof lexicalizationfrom X clitics via X clitics to lexical affixes.Theevolutionof clitic placementalsorevealstheriseof a compositefunctionalprojectionΣP.
Measurement of a growth-induced water potential gradient in tall fescue leaves

Spatial distribution of cell turgor pressure, cell osmotic pressure and relative elemental growth rate were measured in growing tall fescue leaves (Festuca arundinacea). Cell turgor pressure (measured with a pressure probe) was c. 0.55 MPa in expanding cells but increased steeply (­0.3 MPa) in cells where elongation had stopped. However, cell osmotic pressure (measured with a picolitre osmometer) was almost constant at 0.85 MPa throughout the leaf. The water potential difference between the growth zone and the mature zone (0.3 MPa) was interpreted as a growth-induced water potential gradient. This and further implications for the mechanism of growth control are discussed.
Quaternions and Rotations in 3-Space: The Algebra and its Geometric Interpretation

Think of a quaternion Q as a vector augmented by a real number to make a four element entity. It has a real part Qcre and a vector part Qcve: If Qcre is zero, Q represents an ordinary vector; if Qcve is zero, it represents an ordinary real number. In any case, the ratio between the real part and the magnitude of the vector part jQcvej plays an important role in rotations, and is conveniently represented by the parameter = tan (jQcvej=Qcre): A unit magnitude quaternion U has a Pythagorean sum of 1 over its four elements, and its product with any vector Sv gives another vector having the same magnitude as Sv but rotated in space. If Sv ? Ucve; the rotation is by an angle about the vector Ucve (or simply about U). If Sv is arbitrary, however, certain cross-terms of the product spoil this convenient relationship. Even in this general case however, these cross-terms cancel in the triple product Rv = USvU ; where U 1 1=U . The rotations of the two successive products are in the same direction, so Rv represents a rotation of Sv about Ucve by an angle 2 ; which depends only on U: Thus, the operation USvU 1 performs a rotation of Sv which is entirely characterized by the unit quaternion U: The rotation occurs about an axis parallel to U by an amount 2 tan (jUcvej=Ucre): Quaternion notation conveniently handles composition of any number of successive rotations into one equivalent rotation: U = U1U2 Un where each unit quaternion Ui represents one of the succession of rotations. Other operations useful in inertial navigation problems are also presented.
Linking corporate social responsibility to corporate reputation: A study on understanding behavioral consequences

r reputational status. In this context, corporate reputation (hereafter, CR) plays a very specific role because stakeholders make their decisions based on the reputational status of the firm in question. Given the importance of CR as an important intangible asset that firms should carefully manage, understanding its antecedents and consequences is of strategic importance. Examining CR from a multi-stakeholder perspective, this study aims to investigate first the effect that corporate social responsibility (hereafter, CSR) has on CR as an antecedent and then the effects that CR has on the behaviors of customers, employees, and investors as different stakeholder groups. To test the hypothesized relationships, an online questionnaire is conducted to a convenience sample of 172 respondents and the results are computed using multiple regression analyses. The results confirm not only that as an antecedent, CSR has a strong positive effect on CR but also that CR has a strong positive effect on the behaviors of customers, employees, and investors.