LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Walking while Performing Working Memory Tasks Changes the Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamic Activations and Gait Kinematics

BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that walking while performing a concurrent task negatively influences gait performance. However, it remains unclear how higher-level cognitive processes and coordination of limb movements are altered in challenging walking environments. This study investigated the influence of cognitive task complexity and walking road condition on the neutral correlates of executive function and postural control in dual-task walking.


METHODS
Twenty-four healthy young adults completed a series of overground walks with three walking road conditions (wide, narrow, with obstacles) with and without the concurrent n-back working memory tasks of two complexity levels (1-back and 3-back). Prefrontal brain activation was assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used simultaneously to measure gait performance and lower-extremity kinematics. Repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to examine the differences between the conditions.


RESULTS
In comparison with standing still, participants showed lower n-back task accuracy while walking, with the worst performance from the road with obstacles. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, lower-extremity joint movements, and the relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration levels were all significantly different across the task complexity and walking path conditions. While dual-tasking participants were found to flex their hips and knees less, leading to a slower gait speed, longer stride time, shorter step length, and greater gait variability than during normal walking. For narrow-road walking, smaller ankle dorsiflexion and larger hip flexion were observed, along with a reduced gait speed. Obstacle negotiation was mainly characterized by increased gait variability than other conditions. HbO levels appeared to be lower during dual-task walking than normal walking. Compared to wide and obstacle conditions, walking on the narrow road was found to elicit a smaller decrement in HbO levels.


CONCLUSION
The current study provided direct evidence that, in young adults, neural correlates of executive function and dynamic postural control tend to be altered in response to the cognitive load imposed by the walking environment and the concurrent task during ambulation. A shift of brain activation patterns between functionally connected networks may occur when facing challenging cognitive-motor interaction.
Target Localization and Tracking in Noncoherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar Systems

For a noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the target location and velocity, as well as the corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) matrix, is derived. MIMO radar's potential in localization and tracking performance is demonstrated by adopting simple Gaussian pulse waveforms. Due to the short duration of the Gaussian pulses, a very high localization performance can be achieved, even when the matched filter ignores the Doppler effect by matching to zero Doppler shift. This leads to significantly reduced complexities for the matched filter and the MLE. Further, two interactive signal processing and tracking algorithms, based on the Kalman filter and the particle filter (PF), respectively, are proposed for noncoherent MIMO radar target tracking. For a system with a large number of transmit/receive elements and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value, the Kalman filter (KF) is a good choice; while for a system with a small number of elements and a low SNR value, the PF outperforms the KF significantly. In both methods, the tracker provides predictive information regarding the target location, so that the matched filter can match to the most probable target locations, reducing the complexity of the matched filter and improving the tracking performance. Since tracking is performed without detection, the presented approach can be deemed as a track-before-detect approach. It is demonstrated through simulations that the noncoherent MIMO radar provides significant tracking performance improvement over a monostatic phased array radar with high range and azimuth resolutions. Further, the effects of coherent integration of pulses are investigated for both the phased array radar and a hybrid MIMO radar, where only the pulses transmitted and received by colocated transceivers are coherently integrated and the other pulses are combined noncoherently. It is shown that the hybrid MIMO radar achieves significant tracking performance improvement when compared with the phased array radar, by using the extra Doppler information obtained through coherent pulse integration.
Semantic Transliteration of Personal Names

Words of foreign origin are referred to as borrowed words or loanwords. A loanword is usually imported to Chinese by phonetic transliteration if a translation is not easily available. Semantic transliteration is seen as a good tradition in introducing foreign words to Chinese. Not only does it preserve how a word sounds in the source language, it also carries forward the word’s original semantic attributes. This paper attempts to automate the semantic transliteration process for the first time. We conduct an inquiry into the feasibility of semantic transliteration and propose a probabilistic model for transliterating personal names in Latin script into Chinese. The results show that semantic transliteration substantially and consistently improves accuracy over phonetic transliteration in all the experiments.
Interactive emotion recognition using Support Vector Machine for human-robot interaction

This paper presents an interactive emotion recognition system using support vector machine for human-robot interaction. The proposed emotion recognition algorithm is composed of Harr wavelet transform, principal component analysis (PCA) method, and support vector machine (SVM). This algorithm is shown effective and useful in achieving both face identification and facial expression recognition. The performance and merit of the proposed methods are exemplified by conducting several experiments on face identification, emotion recognition and interactive scenarios.
Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer based on fine needle biopsy microscopic images

Prompt and widely available diagnostics of breast cancer is crucial for the prognosis of patients. One of the diagnostic methods is the analysis of cytological material from the breast. This examination requires extensive knowledge and experience of the cytologist. Computer-aided diagnosis can speed up the diagnostic process and allow for large-scale screening. One of the largest challenges in the automatic analysis of cytological images is the segmentation of nuclei. In this study, four different clustering algorithms are tested and compared in the task of fast nuclei segmentation. K-means, fuzzy C-means, competitive learning neural networks and Gaussian mixture models were incorporated for clustering in the color space along with adaptive thresholding in grayscale. These methods were applied in a medical decision support system for breast cancer diagnosis, where the cases were classified as either benign or malignant. In the segmented nuclei, 42 morphological, topological and texture features were extracted. Then, these features were used in a classification procedure with three different classifiers. The system was tested for classification accuracy by means of microscopic images of fine needle breast biopsies. In cooperation with the Regional Hospital in Zielona Góra, 500 real case medical images from 50 patients were collected. The acquired classification accuracy was approximately 96-100%, which is very promising and shows that the presented method ensures accurate and objective data acquisition that could be used to facilitate breast cancer diagnosis.
Spin, statistics, and the spinor ambiguity

The spin-statistics connection is derived in a simple manner under the postulates that the original and the exchange wave functions are just added, and that the azimuthal phase angle, which defines the orientation of the spin part of each single-particle spin-component eigenfunction in the plane normal to the spin-quantization axis, is exchanged along with the other parameters. The spin factor (−1) 2s belongs to the exchange wave function when this function is constructed so as to get the spinor ambiguity under control. This is achieved by effecting the exchange of the azimuthal angle by means of rotations, and admitting only rotations in one sense. This works in Galilean as well as in Lorentz-invariant quantum mechanics. Relativistic quantum field theory is not required. 1 Introduction The symmetrization postulate of standard quantum mechanics, I recall, postulates that any wave function or state vector of a system of identical particles must be either symmetric or antisymmetric, that is, multiplied by either +1 or −1 when the labels or parameters referring to any two particles are interchanged. There are thus two classes of systems, with different collective behaviour of the particles: systems of bosons and systems of fermions. These two classes are connected with the spins of the particles: all particles which are known to be bosons are found to have integral spin, in units of ¯ h, while all known fermions have half-integral (i.e., half-odd-integral) spin. Within quantum mechanics the connection with spin could not be proved and had to be taken as another postulate. The first proof was provided by Pauli [1], who founded it on relativistic quantum field theory. This also remained the framework for the papers which in subsequent years refined and generalized Pauli's proof [2,3]. Typically, in these papers it is postulated that no negative-energy states exist , that the metric in Hilbert space is positive definite, and that the fields either
Safety and Efficacy Outcomes 3 Years After Switching to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Phase 2 Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND
In a phase 2 study, kidney transplant recipients of low immunologic risk who switched from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) to belatacept had improved kidney function at 12 months postconversion versus those continuing CNI therapy, with a low rate of acute rejection and no transplant loss.


STUDY DESIGN
36-month follow-up of the intention-to-treat population.


SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
CNI-treated adult kidney transplant recipients with stable transplant function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 35-75mL/min/1.73m2).


INTERVENTIONS
At 6 to 36 months posttransplantation, patients were randomly assigned to switch to belatacept-based immunosuppression (n=84) or continue CNI-based therapy (n=89).


OUTCOMES
Safety was the primary outcome. eGFR, acute rejection, transplant loss, and death were also assessed.


MEASUREMENTS
Treatment exposure-adjusted incidence rates for safety, repeated-measures modeling for eGFR, Kaplan-Meier analyses for efficacy.


RESULTS
Serious adverse events occurred in 33 (39%) belatacept-treated patients and 36 (40%) patients in the CNI group. Treatment exposure-adjusted incidence rates for serious infections (belatacept vs CNI, 10.21 vs 9.31 per 100 person-years) and malignancies (3.01 vs 3.41 per 100 person-years) were similar. More patients in the belatacept versus CNI group had any-grade viral infections (14.60 vs 11.00 per 100 person-years). No posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder was reported. Belatacept-treated patients had a significantly greater estimated gain in mean eGFR (1.90 vs 0.07mL/min/1.73m2 per year; P for time-by-treatment interaction effect = 0.01). The probability of acute rejection was not significantly different for belatacept (8.38% vs 3.60%; HR, 2.50 [95% CI, 0.65-9.65; P=0.2). HR for the comparison of belatacept to the CNI group for time to death or transplant loss was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.14-7.07; P=0.9).


LIMITATIONS
Exploratory post hoc analysis with a small sample size.


CONCLUSIONS
Switching patients from a CNI to belatacept may represent a safe approach to immunosuppression and is being further explored in an ongoing phase 3b trial.
3D Visual Perception for Self-Driving Cars using a Multi-Camera System: Calibration, Mapping, Localization, and Obstacle Detection

Cameras are a crucial exteroceptive sensor for self-driving cars as they are low-cost and small, provide appearance information about the environment, and work in various weather conditions. They can be used for multiple purposes such as visual navigation and obstacle detection. We can use a surround multi-camera system to cover the full 360-degree field-of-view around the car. In this way, we avoid blind spots which can otherwise lead to accidents. To minimize the number of cameras needed for surround perception, we utilize fisheye cameras. Consequently, standard vision pipelines for 3D mapping, visual localization, obstacle detection, etc. need to be adapted to take full advantage of the availability of multiple cameras rather than treat Email addresses: chaene@eecs.berkeley.edu (Christian Häne), lionel_heng@dso.org.sg (Lionel Heng), gimhee.lee@nus.edu.sg (Gim Hee Lee), fraundorfer@icg.tugraz.at (Friedrich Fraundorfer), paul.furgale@mavt.ethz.ch (Paul Furgale), sattlert@inf.ethz.ch (Torsten Sattler), marc.pollefeys@inf.ethz.ch (Marc Pollefeys) Preprint submitted to Image and Vision Computing September 1, 2017 ar X iv :1 70 8. 09 83 9v 1 [ cs .C V ] 3 1 A ug 2 01 7 each camera individually. In addition, processing of fisheye images has to be supported. In this paper, we describe the camera calibration and subsequent processing pipeline for multi-fisheye-camera systems developed as part of the V-Charge project. This project seeks to enable automated valet parking for self-driving cars. Our pipeline is able to precisely calibrate multi-camera systems, build sparse 3D maps for visual navigation, visually localize the car with respect to these maps, generate accurate dense maps, as well as detect obstacles based on real-time depth map extraction.
MapReduce-Based Data Processing on IoT

This paper presents a framework for data processing on the Internet of Things (IoT). It enables data on multiple nodes on IoT to be locally processed as much as possible by using the Map Reduce processing without transmitting the data to data-centers or clusters, and assembled into a few nodes. This paper describes the design and implementation of the framework, basic performance, and practical application.
Resources, Harshness, and Unpredictability The Socioeconomic Conditions Associated With the Dark Triad Traits

We sought to test the hypothesis that the Dark Triad traits are condition-dependent responses to a particular set of socioecological conditions in childhood. In three cross-sectional studies (N 1⁄4 1,403), we examined how the Dark Triad traits were correlated with measures of resource availability, harshness, and unpredictability in one’s childhood and adulthood. The Dark Triad traits were correlated with self-reports of an unpredictable childhood when using both the Short Dark Triad and the Dirty Dozen measures. These effects were somewhat stronger in men than in women and were replicable across samples. We also replicated sex differences in the Dark Triad traits but found none for our measures of socioecological conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the recurrent unpredictability in evolutionary history necessitating the sensitivity and responsiveness to such features to enable survival and reproduction. We contend that the Dark Triad traits might be condition-sensitive adaptations to socioecological unpredictability that all people could have if properly motivated.
A novel decision-making process for tooth retention or extraction.

BACKGROUND
Implant-supported restorations have become the most popular therapeutic option for professionals and patients for the treatment of total and partial edentulism. When implants are placed in an ideal position, with adequate prosthetic loading and proper maintenance, they can have success rates >90% over 15 years of function. Implants may be considered a better therapeutic alternative than performing more extensive conservative procedures in an attempt to save or maintain a compromised tooth. Inadequate indication for tooth extraction has resulted in the sacrifice of many sound savable teeth. This article presents a chart that can assist clinicians in making the right decision when they are deciding which route to take.


METHODS
Articles published in peer-reviewed English journals were selected using several scientific databases and subsequently reviewed. Book sources were also searched. Individual tooth- and patient-related features were thoroughly analyzed, particularly when determining if a tooth should be indicated for extraction.


RESULTS
A color-based decision-making chart with six different levels, including several factors, was developed based upon available scientific literature. The rationale for including these factors is provided, and its interpretation is justified with literature support.


CONCLUSION
The decision-making chart provided may serve as a reference guide for dentists when making the decision to save or extract a compromised tooth.
Unifying self-heating and aging simulations with TMI2

In this paper, we discuss how to implement the self heating and aging models with TMI. Various examples about self heating and aging simulations with TMI methodology are shown in this paper. Without trading-off the accuracy, the one with proposed TMI approach for self heating simulations takes much shorter simulation time.
PREDICTING MARITAL SUCCESS WITH PREPARE: A PREDICTIVE VALIDITY STUDY

In order to determine the predictive validity of the premarital inventory PREPARE, this study assessed the utility of PREPARE in predicting marital success. A 3-year follow-up study was conducted with 164 couples who took PREPARE during their engagement. As hypothesized, it was found that satisfied couples scored significantly higher on the inventory than dissatisfied couples, divorced couples, and couples who cancelled their marriage. It was also hypothesized and found that dissatisfied married couples did not differ significantly from couples who cancelled their marriage or those who divorced. Using discriminant analysis, it was found that the PREPARE scores from 3 months before marriage could predict with 80-90% accuracy which couples were separated and divorced from those that were happily married. These findings not only demonstrate the predictive validity of PREPARE, but its potential utility in identifying high-risk couples who could benefit from more intensive premarital counseling.
UV and Three Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Ezetimibe in Tablet Formulation

UV, first, second and third derivative spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulation. The solutions of standard and sample were prepared in methanol. For the first method, UV spectrophotometry, the quantitative determination of the drug was carried at 233 nm and the linearity range was found to be 6-16 mug/ml. For the first, second and third derivative spectrophotometric methods the drug was determined at 259.5 nm, 269 nm and 248 nm with the linearity ranges 4-14 mug/ml, 4-14 mug/ml and 4-16 mug/ml. The calibration graphs constructed at their wavelength of determination were found to be linear for UV and derivative spectrophotometric methods. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated. The described methods can be readily utilized for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations.
A new index to discriminate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait

BACKGROUND
The most common microcytic and hypochromic anemias are iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait. Several indices to discriminate iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait have been proposed as simple diagnostic tools. However, some of the best discriminative indices use parameters in the formulas that are only measured in modern counters and are not always available in small laboratories. The development of an index with good diagnostic accuracy based only on parameters derived from the blood cell count obtained using simple counters would be useful in the clinical routine. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a discriminative index to differentiate iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait.


METHODS
To develop and to validate the new formula, blood count data from 106 (thalassemia trait: 23 and iron deficiency: 83) and 185 patients (thalassemia trait: 30 and iron deficiency: 155) were used, respectively. Iron deficiency, β-thalassemia trait and α-thalassemia trait were confirmed by gold standard tests (low serum ferritin for iron deficiency anemia, HbA2>3.5% for β-thalassemia trait and using molecular biology for the α-thalassemia trait).


RESULTS
The sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, Youden's Index, area under receiver operating characteristic curve and Kappa coefficient of the new formula, called the Matos & Carvalho Index were 99.3%, 76.7%, 95.7%, 76.0, 0.95 and 0.83, respectively.


CONCLUSION
The performance of this index was excellent with the advantage of being solely dependent on the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count obtained from simple automatic counters and thus may be of great value in underdeveloped and developing countries.
INVESTIGATING THE CONTRADICTIONS IN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Numerous contradictions are apparent in the knowledge management literature. For instance, tacit knowledge is regarded as an organization’s primary source of competitive advantage. Knowledge management and organizational learning theories instruct organizations how to make this tacit unarticulatable knowledge, which is typically embedded in individuals, explicit and part of the organization’s knowledge repository. However, once this tacit knowledge is explicit, it is vulnerable to replication, implying a loss of a firm’s competitive advantage. Does this mean that the attempt to manage knowledge could destroy an organization’s knowledge advantage? In order to explore this and other contradictions, this paper reviews some of the knowledge management literature in the areas of strategy, management, and information systems. Applying Burrell and Morgan’s (1979) paradigms of social and organizational inquiry, this paper categorizes the research in knowledge management according to its assumptions about knowledge and the nature of social order. This paper suggests that the contradictions are associated with each paradigm’s enabling and constraining qualities.