LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Chaos Based Mixed Keystream Generation for Voice Data Encryption

In this paper, a high dimensional chaotic systems based mixed keystream generator is proposed to secure the voice data. As the voice-based communication becomes extensively vital in the application areas of military, voice over IP, voice-conferencing, phone banking, news telecasting etc. It greatly demands to preserve sensitive voice signals from the unauthorized listening and illegal usage over shared/open networks. To address the need, the designed keystream generator is employed to work as a symmetric encryption technique to protect voice bitstreams over insecure transmission channel. The generator utilizes the features of high dimensional chaos like Lorenz and Chen systems to generate highly unpredictable and random-like sequences. The encryption keystream is dynamically extracted from the pre-processed chaotic mixed sequences, which are then applied to encrypt the voice bitstream for integrity protection of voice data. The experimental analyses like auto-correlation, signal distribution, parameter-residual deviation, key space and key-sensitivity demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
2-Litre polyethylene glycol-citrate-simethicone plus bisacodyl versus 4-litre polyethylene glycol as preparation for colonoscopy in chronic constipation.

BACKGROUND
Chronic constipation is a risk factor of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy; however, no large clinical trials have been performed in this subgroup of patients.


AIMS
To compare bowel cleansing efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of 2-L polyethylene-glycol-citrate-simethicone (PEG-CS) plus 2-day bisacodyl (reinforced regimen) vs. 4-L PEG in patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy.


METHODS
Randomized, observer-blind, parallel group study. Adult outpatients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly allocated to 2-L PEG-CS/bisacodyl or 4-L PEG, taken as split regimens before colonoscopy. Quality of bowel preparation was assessed by the Ottawa Bowel Cleansing Scale (OBCS). The amount of foam/bubble interfering with colonic visualization was also measured.


RESULTS
400 patients were enrolled. There was no significant difference in successful cleansing (OBCS score ≤6): 80.2% in the 2-L PEG-CS/bisacodyl vs. 81.4% in the 4-L PEG group. Significantly more patients taking 2L PEG-CS/bisacodyl showed no or minimal foam/bubbles in all colonic segments (80% vs. 63%; p<0.001). 2-L PEG-CS/bisacodyl was significantly more acceptable for ease of administration (p<0.001), willingness to repeat (p<0.001) and showed better compliance (p=0.002).


CONCLUSION
Split 2-L PEG-CS plus bisacodyl was not superior to split 4-L PEG for colonoscopy bowel cleansing in patients with chronic constipation; however, it performed better than the standard regimen in terms of colonic mucosa visualization, patient acceptance and compliance.
Using nicotine gum and varenicline ( Chantix )

You are smart to question how different medications interact when used concurrently. Champix, called Chantix in the United States and globally by its generic name varenicline [2], is a prescription medication that can help individuals quit smoking by partially stimulating nicotine receptors in cells throughout the body. Nicorette gum, a type of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is also a tool to help smokers quit by providing individuals with the nicotine they crave by delivering the substance in controlled amounts through the lining of the mouth. NRT is available in many other forms including lozenges, patches, inhalers, and nasal sprays. The short answer is that there is disagreement among researchers about whether or not there are negative consequences to chewing nicotine gum while taking varenicline. While some studies suggest no harmful side effects to using them together, others have found that adverse effects from using both at the same time. So, what does the current evidence say?
Early fasting glucose measurements can predict later glycaemic response to once weekly dulaglutide.

AIMS
To assess whether early measures of fasting blood glucose predict later glycaemic response with once-weekly dulaglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
Post hoc analyses were conducted separately for two phase 3 studies (AWARD-5 and AWARD-1) in patients assigned to once-weekly dulaglutide. Week 2 fasting blood glucose was used as a predictor variable, and glycaemic treatment response was defined by HbA1c response based on a composite efficacy endpoint. The association between fasting blood glucose and the glycaemic response was analysed using chi-square tests.


RESULTS
There was a strong association between fasting blood glucose < 7.9 mmol/l at week 2 and achieving the HbA1c composite efficacy endpoint at week 26 (P < 0.01). Higher fasting blood glucose at week 2, however, did not predict absence of glycaemic response and requires further assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
Fasting blood glucose measured at 2 weeks may be an early and useful predictor of glycaemic response to once-weekly dulaglutide treatment.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Identifies New Disease Loci

A genome-wide association study was performed to identify genetic factors involved in susceptibility to psoriasis (PS) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA), inflammatory diseases of the skin and joints in humans. 223 PS cases (including 91 with PSA) were genotyped with 311,398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and results were compared with those from 519 Northern European controls. Replications were performed with an independent cohort of 577 PS cases and 737 controls from the U.S., and 576 PSA patients and 480 controls from the U.K.. Strongest associations were with the class I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The most highly associated SNP was rs10484554, which lies 34.7 kb upstream from HLA-C (P = 7.8x10(-11), GWA scan; P = 1.8x10(-30), replication; P = 1.8x10(-39), combined; U.K. PSA: P = 6.9x10(-11)). However, rs2395029 encoding the G2V polymorphism within the class I gene HCP5 (combined P = 2.13x10(-26) in U.S. cases) yielded the highest ORs with both PS and PSA (4.1 and 3.2 respectively). This variant is associated with low viral set point following HIV infection and its effect is independent of rs10484554. We replicated the previously reported association with interleukin 23 receptor and interleukin 12B (IL12B) polymorphisms in PS and PSA cohorts (IL23R: rs11209026, U.S. PS, P = 1.4x10(-4); U.K. PSA: P = 8.0x10(-4); IL12B:rs6887695, U.S. PS, P = 5x10(-5) and U.K. PSA, P = 1.3x10(-3)) and detected an independent association in the IL23R region with a SNP 4 kb upstream from IL12RB2 (P = 0.001). Novel associations replicated in the U.S. PS cohort included the region harboring lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) and conserved oligomeric golgi complex component 6 (COG6) genes on chromosome 13q13 (combined P = 2x10(-6) for rs7993214; OR = 0.71), the late cornified envelope gene cluster (LCE) from the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (PSORS4) (combined P = 6.2x10(-5) for rs6701216; OR 1.45) and a region of LD at 15q21 (combined P = 2.9x10(-5) for rs3803369; OR = 1.43). This region is of interest because it harbors ubiquitin-specific protease-8 whose processed pseudogene lies upstream from HLA-C. This region of 15q21 also harbors the gene for SPPL2A (signal peptide peptidase like 2a) which activates tumor necrosis factor alpha by cleavage, triggering the expression of IL12 in human dendritic cells. We also identified a novel PSA (and potentially PS) locus on chromosome 4q27. This region harbors the interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 21 (IL21) genes and was recently shown to be associated with four autoimmune diseases (Celiac disease, Type 1 diabetes, Grave's disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis).
Library Guides: Geology: Associations & Societies

The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth. Major associations and societies
On the use of convolutional neural networks and augmented CSP features for multi-class motor imagery of EEG signals classification

Learning the deep structures and unknown correlations is important for the detection of motor imagery of EEG signals (MI-EEG). This study investigates the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the classification of multi-class MI-EEG signals. Augmented common spatial pattern (ACSP) features are generated based on pair-wise projection matrices, which covers various frequency ranges. We propose a frequency complementary feature map selection (FCMS) scheme by constraining the dependency among frequency bands. Experiments are conducted on BCI competition IV dataset IIa with 9 subjects. Averaged cross-validation accuracy of 68.45% and 69.27% is achieved for FCMS and all feature maps, respectively, which is significantly higher (4.53% and 5.34%) than random map selection and higher (1.44% and 2.26%) than filter-bank CSP (FBCSP). The results demonstrate that the CNNs are capable of learning discriminant, deep structure features for EEG classification without relying on the handcrafted features.
Modeling churn using customer lifetime value

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2008.06.027 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 16326817. E-mail address: Nicolas.Glady@econ.kuleuven.ac.b The definition and modeling of customer loyalty have been central issues in customer relationship management since many years. Recent papers propose solutions to detect customers that are becoming less loyal, also called churners. The churner status is then defined as a function of the volume of commercial transactions. In the context of a Belgian retail financial service company, our first contribution is to redefine the notion of customer loyalty by considering it from a customer-centric viewpoint instead of a product-centric one. We hereby use the customer lifetime value (CLV) defined as the discounted value of future marginal earnings, based on the customer’s activity. Hence, a churner is defined as someone whose CLV, thus the related marginal profit, is decreasing. As a second contribution, the loss incurred by the CLV decrease is used to appraise the cost to misclassify a customer by introducing a new loss function. In the empirical study, we compare the accuracy of various classification techniques commonly used in the domain of churn prediction, including two cost-sensitive classifiers. Our final conclusion is that since profit is what really matters in a commercial environment, standard statistical accuracy measures for prediction need to be revised and a more profit oriented focus may be desirable. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Design and Implementation of a Wireless Video Surveillance System

Internet-enabled cameras pervade daily life, generating a huge amount of data, but most of the video they generate is transmitted over wires and analyzed offline with a human in the loop. The ubiquity of cameras limits the amount of video that can be sent to the cloud, especially on wireless networks where capacity is at a premium. In this paper, we present Vigil, a real-time distributed wireless surveillance system that leverages edge computing to support real-time tracking and surveillance in enterprise campuses, retail stores, and across smart cities. Vigil intelligently partitions video processing between edge computing nodes co-located with cameras and the cloud to save wireless capacity, which can then be dedicated to Wi-Fi hotspots, offsetting their cost. Novel video frame prioritization and traffic scheduling algorithms further optimize Vigil's bandwidth utilization. We have deployed Vigil across three sites in both whitespace and Wi-Fi networks. Depending on the level of activity in the scene, experimental results show that Vigil allows a video surveillance system to support a geographical area of coverage between five and 200 times greater than an approach that simply streams video over the wireless network. For a fixed region of coverage and bandwidth, Vigil outperforms the default equal throughput allocation strategy of Wi-Fi by delivering up to 25% more objects relevant to a user's query.
Albumin synthesis rates are not responsive to hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia in postoperative patients.

BACKGROUND
Insulin regulates albumin synthesis in vitro and in various experimental models. The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of a physiologic hyperinsulinemia on albumin synthesis in postoperative patients in whom plasma albumin concentrations are decreased.


METHODS
Studies were performed in postabsorptive patients after major abdominal operations. Mass spectrometry techniques were used to directly determine the incorporation rate of 1-[(13)C]-leucine into albumin. Consecutive blood samples were taken during a continuous isotope (D-Glc) infusion (0.16 µmol/kg/min). Isotopic enrichments were determined at baseline (period I) and after a 4-hour D-glucose (D-Glc) infusion at currently recommended rates (170 mg/kg/h, n = 10) or after infusion of saline (control group, n = 8) (period II).


RESULTS
After D-Glc infusion, plasma insulin concentrations increased significantly (period I, 6.6 ± 1.8 µU/mL; period II, 21.4 ± 2.1 µU/mL; P < .01). In contrast, plasma insulin concentration remained constant in control patients (period I, 3.8 ± 0.9 µU/mL(-1); period II, 5.9 ± 1.1 µU/mL; not significant vs period I, but P < .005 vs the corresponding value at the end of period II in the control group). Hyperinsulinemia was without effect on fractional albumin synthesis (period I, 12.8% ± 1.9%/d; period II, 11.9% ± 1.9%/d; not significant), and synthesis rates corresponded to those measured in controls (period I, 13.0% ± 1.2%/d; period II, 12.1% ± 0.1%/d; not significant vs period I and vs D-Glc infusion).


CONCLUSIONS
A standard D-Glc infusion is insufficient to increase albumin synthesis in postoperative patients.
The prognostic advantage of preoperative intratumoral injection of OK-432 for gastric cancer patients

To investigate, by a multi-institutional randomized trial, the prognostic significance of the augmentation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by preoperative intratumoral injection of OK-432 (OK-432 it), a bacterial biological response modifier, in patients with gastric cancer. The 10-year survival and disease-free survival were examined and analysis of the factors showing survival benefit was performed. 370 patients who had undergone curative resection of gastric cancer were enrolled in this study and followed up for 10 years postoperatively. Patients were randomized into either an OK-432 it group or a control group. Ten Klinishe Einheit (KE) of OK-432 was endoscopically injected at 1 to 2 weeks before the operation in the OK-432 it group. Both groups received the same adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy consisting of a bolus injection of mitomycin C (0.4 mg kg−1i.v.) and administration of tegafur and OK-432 from postoperative day 14 up to 1 year later. Tegafur (600 mg day−1) was given orally and OK-432 (5 KE/2 weeks) was injected intradermally for a maintenance therapy. The TILs grades in resected tumour specimens and presence of metastasis and metastatic pattern in dissected lymph nodes were examined. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of OK-432 it on prognostic factors. All patients were followed up for 10 years. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates of the OK-432 it group were not significantly higher than those of the control group. However, OK-432 it significantly increased the 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with stage IIIA + IIIB, moderate lymph node metastasis (pN2), and positive TILs. OK-432 it was most effective at prolonging the survival of patients who had both positive TILs and lymph node metastasis. The OK-432 it group with positive TILs showed a significant decrease in metastatic lymph node frequency and in the number of lymph node micro- metastatic foci when compared to the control group. This study showed that only one time preoperative OK-432 it, particularly when it triggers TILs, is effective for reduction of regional lymph node metastasis. OK-432 it probably acts partly by eliminating micro-metastatic foci in lymph nodes. Preoperative intratumoral injection of OK-432 is technically very easy and has no serious adverse effects, so it is a promising form of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Coastal Heritage Project

Help the local community understand, record and manage the impacts of coastal change on heritage and record their own story.
The Relationship Between Gender, Type of Sport, Body Dissatisfaction, Self Esteem and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Division I Athletes

The present study examined whether gender, type of sport (lean v. non-lean), body dissatisfaction and self esteem were associated with disordered eating behaviors in Division I college athletes. More female than male athletes displayed disordered eating behaviors; approximately one-quarter of the population was at risk for a clinically diagnosable eating disorder. The results also revealed that females in non-lean sports (basketball, tennis, golf, soccer, and skiing) and males in lean sports (track, wrestling) displayed the highest level of disordered eating behavior and body dissatisfaction. Finally, results showed that for women, disordered eating behaviors were predicted in order by: body dissatisfaction, self esteem and type of sport (lean v. non-lean), whereas for men, disordered eating behaviors were only predicted by body dissatisfaction. Information from this study will be useful for coaches and athletic trainers hoping to design interventions for athletes suffering from disordered eating behaviors.
Shoven and Whalley on Fisher's Comsumption Tax

Irving Fisher wrote a significant number of papers towards the end of his career on the design of the U.S. tax system. These writings culminated in a book that he wrote with his brother Herbert in 1942. Fisher thought that the double taxation of saving under an income tax was extremely harmful to the economy and he therefore proposed a "spendings" tax or what he referred to as a "real income" tax. Even though he disliked the terminology, he advocated what today would be referred to as a progressive consumption tax. Fisher's analysis was both theoretical and practical. His 1942 book contained a proposed tax return that implemented his ideas. His analysis is surprisingly modern and relevant today. This paper presents the Fisher proposal and examines the current U.S. tax system in light of his tax views. We argue that Fisher would find that the U.S. tax system lacks intellectual coherence, is economically inefficient, and unnecessarily complex. Copyright 2005 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..
LEARNING TO DETECT PHISHING URLs

Phishing attacks have been on the rise and performing certain actions such as mouse hovering, clicking, etc. on malicious URLs may cause unsuspecting Internet users to fall victims of identity theft or other scams. In this paper, we study the anatomy of phishing URLs that are created with the specific intent of impersonating a trusted third party to trick users into divulging personal data. Unlike previous work in this area, we only use a number of publicly available features on URL alone; in addition, we compare performance of different machine learning techniques and evaluate the efficacy of real-time application of our method. Applying it on real-world data sets, we demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly effective in detecting phishing URLs with an error rate of 0.3%, false positive rate of 0.2% and false negative rate of about 0.5%, thereby improving previous results on the important problem of phishing detection. Keywords— Phishing URL, phishing websites, machine learning, web mining, phishing attack, URL classification ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
Telomere erosion and chromosomal instability in cells expressing the HPV oncogene 16E6

Progression to advanced-stage cervical carcinomas is characterized by a recurrent pattern of chromosomal rearrangements. Structural chromosome rearrangements are generated through the fusion of broken chromosome ends. These chromosome breaks may be induced by mutagenic agents such as ionizing radiation, or chromosome ends may be exposed through extensive telomere shortening. The human papilloma virus oncogene 16E6 induces telomerase activity in human keratinocytes, a model system for cervical tumor formation. The present study explores the relationship between 16E6 expression, telomerase activity, and chromosomal instability. We show that the frequency of anaphase bridges is dependent on the level of telomerase activity in 16E6/E7-expressing clones, and is the result of telomere shortening. High frequencies of anaphase bridges, associated with low telomerase activity, correlate with increased chromosome instability. Anaphase bridge formation is also associated with the presence of micronuclei, which are shown to contain unstable chromosomes frequently involved in rearrangements. As anaphase bridges are observed in both high and low telomerase 16E6/E7 clones, but not in hTERT-expressing control clones, expression of 16E6 in these immortalized clones is not sufficient to stabilize shortened telomeres completely. We suggest a model in which HPV-induced tumorigenesis may be dependent on persistent bridge–breakage–fusion cycles that allow for continued genomic rearrangements.
A Hierarchical Multiclassifier System for Hyperspectral Data Analysis

Many real world classification problems involve high dimensional inputs and a large number of classes. Feature extraction and modular learning approaches can be used to simplify such problems. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical multiclassifier paradigm in which a Cclass problem is recursively decomposed into C − 1 two-class problems. A generalized modular learning framework is used to partition a set of classes into two disjoint groups called meta-classes. The coupled problem of finding a good partition and of searching for a linear feature extractor that best discriminates the resulting two meta-classes are solved simultaneously at each stage of the recursive algorithm. This results in a binary tree whose leaf nodes represent the original C classes. The proposed hierarchical multiclassifier architecture was used to classify 12 types of landcover from 183-dimensional hyperspectral data. The classification accuracy was significantly improved by 4 to 10% relative to other feature extraction and modular learning approaches. Moreover, the class hierarchy that was automatically discovered conformed very well with a human domain expert’s opinion, which demonstrates the potential of such a modular learning approach for discovering domain knowledge automatically from data.
Constrained Kalman Filter for Mobile Robot Localization with Gyroscope

The odometry information used in localization can be quite erroneous when the robot follows the curved path or suffers from slippage. Thus the use of the low-cost gyroscope to compensate for an angular error is considered by many researchers. Conventional Kalman filtering methods that fuse the odometry with the gyroscope may produce infeasible solution because the robot parameters are estimated regardless of their physical constraints. In this paper, we propose a constrained Kalman filtering method that applies general constrained optimization technique to the estimation of the robot parameters. The state observability is improved by the additional state variables and the accuracy is also improved by the nonapproximated Kalman filter design. Experimental results show the proposed method effectively compensates for the odometry error and yields feasible parameter estimation at the same time