LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Rodent models to study the metabolic effects of shiftwork in humans

Our current 24-h society requires an increasing number of employees to work nightshifts with millions of people worldwide working during the evening or night. Clear associations have been found between shiftwork and the risk to develop metabolic health problems, such as obesity. An increasing number of studies suggest that the underlying mechanism includes disruption of the rhythmically organized body physiology. Normally, daily 24-h rhythms in physiological processes are controlled by the central clock in the brain in close collaboration with peripheral clocks present throughout the body. Working schedules of shiftworkers greatly interfere with these normal daily rhythms by exposing the individual to contrasting inputs, i.e., at the one hand (dim)light exposure at night, nightly activity and eating and at the other hand daytime sleep and reduced light exposure. Several different animal models are being used to mimic shiftwork and study the mechanism responsible for the observed correlation between shiftwork and metabolic diseases. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the available animal studies with a focus on the four most relevant models that are being used to mimic human shiftwork: altered timing of (1) food intake, (2) activity, (3) sleep, or (4) light exposure. For all studies we scored whether and how relevant metabolic parameters, such as bodyweight, adiposity and plasma glucose were affected by the manipulation. In the discussion, we focus on differences between shiftwork models and animal species (i.e., rat and mouse). In addition, we comment on the complexity of shiftwork as an exposure and the subsequent difficulties when using animal models to investigate this condition. In view of the added value of animal models over human cohorts to study the effects and mechanisms of shiftwork, we conclude with recommendations to improve future research protocols to study the causality between shiftwork and metabolic health problems using animal models.
The impact of data mining techniques on medical diagnostics

Medical data mining has great potential for exploring the hidden patterns in the data sets of the medical domain. These patterns can be utilized for clinical diagnosis. However, the available raw medical data are widely distributed, heterogeneous in nature, and voluminous. These data need to be collected in an organized form. This collected data can be then integrated to form a hospital information system. Data mining technology provides a user-oriented approach to novel and hidden patterns in the data. Data mining and statistics both strive towards discovering patterns and structures in data. Statistics deals with heterogeneous numbers only, whereas data mining deals with heterogeneous fields. We identify a few areas of healthcare where these techniques can be applied to healthcare databases for knowledge discovery. In this paper we briefly examine the impact of data mining techniques, including artificial neural networks, on medical diagnostics.
Movies and Actors: Mapping the Internet Movie Database

This paper presents the results of an analysis and visualization of 428,440 movies from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) provided for the Graph Drawing 2005 contest. Simple statistics are presented as well as a tapestry of all movies with an overlay of the giant component of the co-actor network. Academy award winners are highlighted. Major insights are discussed.
A blueprint for building a quantum computer

Quantum computer architecture holds the key to building commercially viable systems.
Phanerozoic continental drift

Abstract An account is given of Phanerozoic continental drift. A series of paleocontinental maps is presented for ten intervals from 600 to 25 My ago. Post-Triassic maps were reconstructed using the plate-tectonic model, based mainly on ocean-floor spreading evidence, continental edge fits and apparent polar wander (APW) paths. The middle Carboniferous-Triassic maps are less certain, lacking ocean-floor spreading evidence, but continental positions are constrained by the assumptions of minimum relative continental motions. The pre-Carboniferous maps are based on poorly-defined APW paths and minimum motions, and can only indicate probable configurations during that period. The main theme is that the late Precambrian “Pan-African” Pangea has been progressively fragmented during the Phanerozoic. Pieces broken-off in the Paleozoic have now collided with one another forming the present northern continents, which have grown at the expense of Pangea. Except for India, fragments broken-off in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are still unattached and form the present southern continents.
On the question of gauge ambiguity

It is pointed out that the ambiguity which characterizes gauge conditions of the type 3' S Aa(x)V = PJU C;(x) for nonAbelian gauge theories is also characteristic of the so-called axial-like gauge conditions n.Aa = C;(x), where, here, A; is the nonAbelian gauge potential, B = IJJV g orp 'g -66 n is a four-vector such that ClV PV PV PO vo' p n2 = 0, 1, or-l,andCt 2 are usually Aa-independent functions , CL ofx; g is the Minkowski metric and 6.. is the Kronecker PV 13 delta. (Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters) "Work supported by the Department of Energy. 2 .As has been emphasized by ~andelstamand Gribov, the specification of -cI the gauge in nonAbelian gauge theory is a delicate matter in the Coulomb gauge and is, in fact, ambiguous in this gauge. 1 It appears to be generally accepted 2,3 that the Mandelstam-Gribov problem is also present in gauges which have gauge conditions aiL Aa' = C;(x) , (1) where Aa 14 is the Yang-Mills field and C;(x) is an Aa-independent function of c1 the space-time coordinate x. However, it does not seem 2,4 to be general knowledge that the ambiguity of Mandelstam and Gribov is also present in gauges of the type (2) where n' is a four-vector such that n2 = 0, 1, or -1, and C;(x) is an Aa14 independent function of x. We should like to clarify this particular point t in this note. Specifically, we use a matrix realization of the Yang-Mills theory so that we introduce A P = A;ta where the hermitian matrices t a carry the adjoined representation of the respective gauge group 8: eta, tb3 =if t C abc (3) where f abc are the real structure constants of & and (talbc = -ifabc . We normalize ta according to (4) t Recently, A. Balachandran et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 988 (1978),have discussed the ambiguities associated with the U-gauge. tr(tatb) = N bab . (5) Then, 72) reads n*A = C 2 (6) where c2. = c;ta . (7) Now, under a gauge transformation U = exp[-iz*?], A transforms by A +uAPu -' P (aclu)u -1 (8) when we take the Yang-Mills field strength tensor F to be CLV F =aA aYAP + ig[A $ Avl , (9) pv PV t where g is the gauge coupling constant. Thus, the gauge condition (6) becomes nP(UAPU -1 +A g tabu)u3 = c2 (10) or uc2u -' + a (n.au)u -1 = c2 (11) Thus, it has been commonly accepted that, for C2 3 0, for example, the only ambiguity in (6) is an uninteresting Agindependent U(x) which only depends on 4 X I, where 2 are the three coordinates orthogonal to nP. For, if I c2 z 0, then, (11) reads i (n.au)u-' = 0 (12) so that (see footnote (4)) n-au=0 . (13) However, the la'st equation, Eq. (13), for a simple compact Lie group, has other solutions than U(x) = U(:i), since au n.SJ(Z(x)) = 3 . n.aGJ . (14) Hence, Eq. (13) can be satisfied if t The Yang-Mills Lagrangian is GM = z FtiV FPv in our convention.
Can Photoplethysmography Variability Serve as an Alternative Approach to Obtain Heart Rate Variability Information?

Heart rate variability (HRV), extracted from an electrocardiogram, is known to be a noninvasive indicator reflecting the dynamic interplay between perturbations to cardiovascular function and the dynamic response of the cardiovascular regulatory system. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive method to monitor arterial oxygen saturation on a continuous basis. Given the rich cardiovascular information in the PPG signal, and the ubiquity and simplicity of pulse oximetry, we are investigating the feasibility of acquiring dynamics pertaining to the autonomic nervous system from PPG waveforms. To do this, we are quantifying PPG variability (PPGV). Detailed algorithmic approaches for extracting accurate PPGV signals are presented. We compare PPGV to HRV by computing time and frequency domain parameters often associated with HRV measurements, as well as approximate entropy calculations. Our results demonstrate that the parameters of PPGV are highly correlated with the parameters of HRV. Thus, our results indicate that PPGV could be used as an alternative measurement of HRV.
A case study of systematic top-down design of cyber-physical models with integrated validation and formal verification

Abstract models are required to handle the complexity for designing and verifying large-scale systems. An open problem is to consistently and systematically derive a more concrete model from an abstract model with regard to verification of its behavior against certain properties. Based on our recently proposed workflow for systematic top-down design of models of a Cyber-physical System (CPS), we present an in-depth case study of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). It includes both verification through model checking and validation in the sense that a refined model is checked for its fit with reality. This approach works top-down for designing a concrete model by starting from an abstract model. The resulting concrete model was validated and indirectly verified in this case study. In addition, we made a cross-check by verifying it directly on the concrete level. Hence, our case study provides some empirical evidence on the feasibility of this new workflow for top-down design of models.
Mothers' reports of play dates and observation of school playground behavior of children having high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND
Children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are generally included with typically developing peers at school. They have difficulties interacting with peers on the school playground. Previous literature suggests that having play dates in the home may be related to better peer acceptance at school.


METHODS
This study examines the relationship between mother-reported play date frequency and amount of conflict, and peer interaction observed on the school playground for a sample of 27 boys and 4 girls meeting structured interview and observation criteria for ASD. Measures of intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, and social skills were included in a stepwise regression analysis to account for their impact on relationships between maternal play date reports, general peer acceptance at school (as rated by the child's teacher) and observations of school playground behavior.


RESULTS
Results revealed that children with autism spectrum disorders who had more play dates in their home tended to spend a greater amount of time engaged in behaviors such as mutual offering of objects, conversing and other turn-taking activities with peers on the school playground. They also received more positive responses to their overtures from peers. These relationships remained highly significant even after accounting for other demographic, general social, and cognitive variables.


CONCLUSIONS
The present results suggest that play date frequency is strongly related to school playground behavior. Owing to the design of this study, future research must assess whether play dates in the home promote better peer relationships on the playground or the reverse. In either case, the assessment of play dates, as well as observation of spontaneous unsupervised social interactions, are important outcome measures to consider in social skills interventions for children with high-functioning ASD.
Technological profile assessment of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize and analyze technological profiles of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil.


METHODS
A structured self-completion questionnaire with 78 questions was used. This questionnaire was answered by 320 (83.6%) of the 383 Brazilian centers, in 2006. Responses that characterized the services' technological profile were analyzed using K-means clustering technique. Associations between the profiles described and the municipal contexts were analyzed using the chi-square and residue analysis for proportions, and ANOVA and Bonferroni for means.


RESULTS
Centers showed significant deficiencies to guarantee adequate services. A total of four technological profiles were identified. The 'care' profile (21.6%) predominated among the services instituted before 1993, in areas with high AIDS incidence and in large cities. The 'prevention' profile (30.0%), prevalent between 1994 and 1998, was the type that best complies with the Ministry of Health's norms, with better readiness and productivity indicators. The 'care and prevention' profile (26.9%), included in the AIDS services, predominated between 1999 and 2002, and developed the most comprehensive set of activities, including STD treatment. The 'testing' profile (21.6%) was the most precarious, found where the epidemic is most recent and with a lower number of people tested.


CONCLUSIONS
Counseling and testing centers constitute a set of heterogeneous services. In addition, service implementation guidelines have not been completely incorporated in Brazil, thus having and influence on low resolution and productivity indicators and also the inadequate development of prevention activities.
Comparative effects of Facebook and conventional media on body image dissatisfaction

BACKGROUND
Appearance comparison has consistently been shown to engender body image dissatisfaction. To date, most studies have demonstrated this relationship between appearance comparison and body image dissatisfaction in the context of conventional media images depicting the thin-ideal. Social comparison theory posits that people are more likely to compare themselves to similar others. Since social media forums such as Facebook involve one's peers, the current study aimed to determine whether the relationship between appearance comparison and body image dissatisfaction would be stronger for those exposed to social media images, compared to conventional media images.


METHODS
A sample of 193 female first year university students were randomly allocated to view a series of either Facebook or conventional media thin-ideal images. Participants completed questionnaires assessing pre- and post- image exposure measures of thin-ideal internalisation, appearance comparison, self-esteem, Facebook use and eating disorder risk.


RESULTS
Type of exposure was not found to moderate the relationship between appearance comparison and changes in body image dissatisfaction. When analysed according to exposure type, appearance comparison only significantly predicted body image dissatisfaction change for those exposed to Facebook, but not conventional media. Facebook use was found to predict higher baseline body image dissatisfaction and was associated with higher eating disorder risk.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest the importance of extending the body image dissatisfaction literature by taking into account emerging social media formats. It is recommended that interventions for body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders consider appearance comparison processes elicited by thin-ideal content on social media forums, such as Facebook, in addition to conventional media.
Land cover mapping at very high resolution with rotation equivariant CNNs: towards small yet accurate models

Work published on ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.01.021 In remote sensing images, the absolute orientation of objects is arbitrary. Depending on an object’s orientation and on a sensor’s flight path, objects of the same semantic class can be observed in different orientations in the same image. Equivariance to rotation, in this context understood as responding with a rotated semantic label map when subject to a rotation of the input image, is therefore a very desirable feature, in particular for high capacity models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). If rotation equivariance is encoded in the network, the model is confronted with a simpler task and does not need to learn specific (and redundant) weights to address rotated versions of the same object class. In this work we propose a CNN architecture called Rotation Equivariant Vector Field Network (RotEqNet) to encode rotation equivariance in the network itself. By using rotating convolutions as building blocks and passing only the the values corresponding to the maximally activating orientation throughout the network in the form of orientation encoding vector fields, RotEqNet treats rotated versions of the same object with the same filter bank and therefore achieves state-of-the-art performances even when using very small architectures trained from scratch. We test RotEqNet in two challenging sub-decimeter resolution semantic la∗Corresponding Author: Diego Marcos, diego.marcos@wur.nl ISPRS J. Photo. Remote Sens. Preprint compiled on March 19, 2018 ar X iv :1 80 3. 06 25 3v 1 [ cs .C V ] 1 6 M ar 2 01 8 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.01.021 beling problems, and show that we can perform better than a standard CNN while requiring one order of magnitude less parameters.
A hierarchy of evidence for assessing qualitative health research.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to outline explicit criteria for assessing the contribution of qualitative empirical studies in health and medicine, leading to a hierarchy of evidence specific to qualitative methods.


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
This paper arose from a series of critical appraisal exercises based on recent qualitative research studies in the health literature. We focused on the central methodological procedures of qualitative method (defining a research framework, sampling and data collection, data analysis, and drawing research conclusions) to devise a hierarchy of qualitative research designs, reflecting the reliability of study conclusions for decisions made in health practice and policy.


RESULTS
We describe four levels of a qualitative hierarchy of evidence-for-practice. The least likely studies to produce good evidence-for-practice are single case studies, followed by descriptive studies that may provide helpful lists of quotations but do not offer detailed analysis. More weight is given to conceptual studies that analyze all data according to conceptual themes but may be limited by a lack of diversity in the sample. Generalizable studies using conceptual frameworks to derive an appropriately diversified sample with analysis accounting for all data are considered to provide the best evidence-for-practice. Explicit criteria and illustrative examples are described for each level.


CONCLUSION
A hierarchy of evidence-for-practice specific to qualitative methods provides a useful guide for the critical appraisal of papers using these methods and for defining the strength of evidence as a basis for decision making and policy generation.
Evaluation of wayside condition monitoring technologies for condition-based maintenance of railway vehicles

Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) is an iron ore mining company in Sweden that strives to be one of the leading suppliers of iron ore products. In the chain from mining to end customers, transportation efficiency plays a mayor role in the outcome of the company’s total financial result. The transportation of the ore from the LKAB mines in Kiruna and Malmberget is made by trains to the harbors in Narvik and Luleå. The railway transportations are made by LKAB subsidiaries Malmtrafik i Kiruna AB (MTAB) on the Swedish side and Malmtrafikk AS (MTAS) on the Norwegian side. The efficiency of the railway transportation is therefore a key function in the LKAB mining operations. In a benchmarking, comparing the total operating efficiency, with other heavy haul railways around the world it became evident that the efficiency of the railway transportations at LKAB had potential for improvement. One of the factors with potential for improved efficiency was the maintenance strategy. There is an indication that a change from a time-based maintenance strategy to a condition-based maintenance strategy would increase the efficiency of the train operations. The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyze wayside condition monitoring equipment for railway vehicles, in order to support the implementation of a condition-based maintenance strategy. To fulfill the stated purpose, five case studies, supported by a literature study, have been performed. The five case studies have been conducted to increase the knowledge of the abilities of available wayside condition monitoring equipment as a support for condition-based maintenance of railway vehicles. The literature study focused on railway operations around the world with a particular focus on the development, deployment and use of wayside condition monitoring equipment. The literature study indicates that there is an increasing implementation and use of equipment for wayside condition monitoring of railway vehicles. Through the studies it has become evident that the direct interaction in the wheel and rail interface also creates a huge potential for savings on the infrastructure due to an implementation of wayside condition monitoring equipment for railway vehicles. The case studies highlight the need for different systems that complement each other by measuring different parameters. It is also important that the systems are integrated with existing systems and practices in order to exploit the potential benefits of the new technology. Furthermore, it is important to have a joint approach between both infrastructure owners and train operators in the deployment and use of wayside condition monitoring equipment, since the technology can support a condition-based maintenance strategy on both sides that could have a great impact on the efficiency of railway operations.
Electronic QED coherence in brain microtubules

In this paper we show in the water confined within the inner hollow of brain microtubules there exist the conditions to allow a spontaneous QED quantum vacuum phase transition towards a macroscopic coherent quantum state, characterized by a phased oscillation between the water molecules states and an auto-generated electromagnetic field associated to a suitable electronic transition in them. As a result, a field of superradiant photons, whose frequency is smaller than the corresponding frequency belonging to a free photon with the same wavelength, is generated. This superradiant field is characterized by an evanescent tail exceeding the microtubules dimension and whose persistence against environmental decoherence is ensured by its own QED coherent behaviour. Key-Words: QED coherence, Microtubules, Water, Evanescent Photons.