LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial.

CONTEXT
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is a once-daily nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF compared with stavudine in antiretroviral-naive patients.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted at 81 centers in the United States, South America, and Europe from June 9, 2000, to January 30, 2004. A total of 753 patients infected with HIV who were antiretroviral naive were screened and 602 patients entered the study.


INTERVENTION
Patients were randomized to receive either tenofovir DF (n = 299) or stavudine (n = 303), with placebo, in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Proportion of patients with HIV RNA levels of less than 400 copies/mL at week 48.


RESULTS
In the primary intent-to-treat analysis in which patients with missing data or who added or switched antiretroviral medications before week 48 were considered as failures, the proportion of patients with HIV RNA of less than 400 copies/mL at week 48 was 239 (80%) of 299 in patients receiving tenofovir DF and 253 (84%) of 301 in patients receiving stavudine (95% confidence interval, -10.4% to 1.5%), exceeding the predefined -10% limit for equivalence. However, equivalence was demonstrated in the secondary analyses (HIV RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 48 and through 144 weeks. Virologic failure was associated most frequently with efavirenz and lamivudine resistance. Through 144 weeks, the K65R mutation emerged in 8 and 2 patients in the tenofovir DF and stavudine groups, respectively (P =.06). A more favorable mean change from baseline in fasting lipid profile was noted in the tenofovir DF group at week 144: for triglyceride levels (+1 mg/dL for tenofovir DF [n = 170] vs +134 mg/dL for stavudine [n = 162], P<.001), total cholesterol (+30 mg/dL [n = 170] vs +58 mg/dL [n = 162], P<.001), direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+14 mg/dL [n = 169] vs +26 mg/dL [n = 161], P<.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+9 mg/dL [n = 168] vs +6 mg/dL [n = 154], P =.003). Investigator-reported lipodystrophy was less common in the tenofovir DF group compared with the stavudine group (9 [3%] of 299 vs 58 [19%] of 301, P<.001). The number of bone fractures and the renal safety profile were similar between the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Through 144 weeks, the combination of tenofovir DF, lamivudine, and efavirenz was highly effective and comparable with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients. However, tenofovir DF appeared to be associated with better lipid profiles and less lipodystrophy.
LMNet: Real-time Multiclass Object Detection on CPU Using 3D LiDAR

This paper describes an efficient single-stage deep convolutional neural network to detect objects in urban environments, using nothing more than point cloud data. This feature enables our method to work regardless the time of the day and the lighting conditions. The proposed network structure employs dilated convolutions to gradually increase the perceptive field as depth increases, this helps to reduce the computation time. The network input consists of five perspective representations of the unorganized point cloud data. The network outputs an objectness map and the bounding box offset values for each point. Our experiments showed that using reflection, range, and the position on each of the three axes helped to improve the location and orientation of the output bounding box. We carried out quantitative evaluations with the help of the KITTI dataset evaluation server. It achieved the fastest processing speed among the other contenders, making it suitable for real-time applications. We implemented and tested it on a real vehicle with a Velodyne HDL-64 mounted on top of it. We achieved execution times as fast as 150 FPS using desktop GPUs, and up to 10 FPS on a single Intel Core i5 CPU. The deploy implementation is open-sourced and it can be found as a feature branch inside the autonomous driving framework Autoware. Code is available at: https://github.com/CPFL/Autoware/tree/feature/cnn_lidar_detection
Bi-directional on-board charger architecture and control for achieving ultra-high efficiency with wide battery voltage range

One challenge of on board charger application is bi-directional operation. Due to the absence of reverse recovery charge and small junction capacitance, it is much easier to do bidirectional operation using wide band gap devices. Another challenge is the very wide battery voltage range. It is very difficult to optimize converter over the whole battery voltage range and efficiency drops either the battery voltage is too high or too low. In this paper, a novel two stage structure is proposed utilizing both SiC and GaN devices. Bi-directional power flow as well as zero voltage switching is achieved with the proposed structure. In addition, a variable DC-link voltage operation is adopted to deal with the wide battery voltage range so that the CLLC resonant converter can always work at its optimized point. Design considerations of the two stage on-board charger are introduced, including system structure evaluation, resonant converter design and control strategy. A 6.6kW on board charger prototype with 500kHz (300kH for AC/DC stage) switching frequency is demonstrated with 43W/in3 power density and above 96% efficiency over the whole battery voltage range.
Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Switch from Trivalent to Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine — Worldwide, 2013–2016

Since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis (polio), transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has been interrupted in all countries except Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. No polio cases caused by WPV type 2 (WPV2) have been identified since 1999, and WPV type 3 has not been detected since November 11, 2012. This progress has been achieved through widespread use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), most commonly trivalent OPV (tOPV), which contains types 1, 2, and 3 live, attenuated polioviruses. OPV polioviruses can undergo genetic changes during intestinal replication, and rarely, in communities with low vaccination coverage, such changes can result in vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) capable of causing paralytic polio. Eliminating the risk for polio caused by VDPVs will require stopping all OPV use. Among 686 cases of paralytic polio caused by circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) that have been detected since 2006, type 2 cVDPVs (cVDPV2s) accounted for >97%. To eliminate the risks posed by cVDPV2s, OPV serotype 2 will be withdrawn from all immunization activities and programs through a global, synchronized replacement of all tOPV with bivalent OPV (bOPV) containing only types 1 and 3 polioviruses. This switch from tOPV to bOPV is scheduled for April 2016. To reduce the risk for cVDPV2 outbreaks and to facilitate responses to outbreaks that do occur, injectable trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is being introduced into routine immunization schedules in all countries. As of June 24, 2015, 90 (46%) of 194 World Health Organization (WHO) member states were using IPV, 102 (53%) had established dates for the introduction of IPV, and two (1%) intended to introduce IPV in 2015 but had not set dates for doing so. In addition to IPV introduction in all countries, careful synchronization of the switch from tOPV to bOPV will be needed within and across all 156 countries currently using tOPV. This report summarizes progress in introducing IPV and preparations for the switch from tOPV to bOPV.
Concurrent Programming: The Java Programming Language

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Considerable delay in diagnosis and acute management of subarachnoid haemorrhage.

INTRODUCTION
Rebleeding from subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) usually occurs within the first six hours after the initial bleeding. Rebleeding can be prevented effectively with tranexamic acid (TXA). Although a broad consensus has evolved that SAH should be treated as an emergency, it is likely that delays do exist in the diagnosis and treatment of SAH patients. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the interval between symptom onset, emergency room (ER) admission, initial diagnosis and treatment, and final closure of the aneurysm.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
We prospectively studied the time course from the initial bleeding to ER admission, computed tomography (CT), TXA treatment, referral to the neurosurgical department, and to the final closure of the aneurysm.


RESULTS
A total of 133 patients with SAH due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms were admitted to two neurosurgical units in Copenhagen, Denmark, during a one-year period. The median time to admission was 60 min. The median delay from admission to CT scan was 55 min. Long pre-hospital delay (p = 0.03) and high Glasgow Coma Scale score on arrival (p = 0.0006) were associated with a longer time to CT scan. The median time from CT scan to initiation of TXA treatment was 50 min. The median time from initial insult to final closure of the aneurysm was 30 hours.


CONCLUSION
The present study demonstrates that considerable diagnostic delays exist in connection with CT and TXA treatment after patients' arrival to the ER.
Early Television Exposure and Children’s Behavioral and Social Outcomes at Age 30 Months

BACKGROUND
Previous research has suggested that television (TV) viewing may be associated with increased behavioral and emotional problems in children. However, there are few prospective studies targeted for its association with outcomes of children under 3 years old. The purpose of this study was to exam the association between children's early TV exposure at ages 18 and 30 months and the behavioral and emotional outcomes at age 30 months.


METHODS
We analyzed data collected prospectively in the Japan Children's Study. TV exposure was assessed by mothers' report at infant ages of 18 and 30 months. The outcomes were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Analysis of Covariance was used to estimate the effect of TV exposure on behavioral and emotional outcomes.


RESULTS
The percentage of children who watched TV 4 hours or more per day was 29.4% at age 18 months, 24.5% at age 30 months, and 21% at both ages. Hyperactivity-inattention at age 30 months was positively associated with TV exposure at age 18 months, whereas prosocial behavior was negatively associated with hours of exposure even after adjustment. However, there were no significant differences in SDQ subscales according to daily hours of TV viewing at age 30 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily TV exposure at age 18 months was associated with hyperactivity-inattention and prosocial behavior at age 30 months. However, the directly casual relation was not proved in the present study. Additional research considering the TV program content and exposure timing are needed to investigate the causal relation between TV viewing and behavioral outcome.
Fusion after minimally disruptive anterior lumbar interbody fusion: Analysis of extreme lateral interbody fusion by computed tomography

BACKGROUND
Less invasive fusion approaches, such as extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), have proliferated, but few reports have critically assessed fusion rates. To date, no studies have reported computed tomography (CT) documented fusion rates following XLIF.


METHODS
An institutional review board-approved prospective radiographic and CT assessment of minimally disruptive anterior lumbar interbody fusion (mini-ALIF) fusions performed through the XLIF approach. Sixty-six patients (88 operative levels) were examined 12 months after XLIF to determine the rate and quality of anterior lumbar fusion.


RESULTS
Eighty five of the 88 levels (96.6%) were judged fused by CT. Sixty-four of the 66 patients (97.0%) were judged fused by CT. Patient satisfaction at 12 months after surgery was high, with 89.4% reportedly "satisfied or very satisfied" with their results. No revisions were necessary for pseudarthrosis.


CONCLUSION
Mini-ALIF using an XLIF approach reliably results in anterior lumbar fusion.
Beyond coherence : recovering structured time-frequency representations

We consider the problem of recovering a structured sparse representation of a signal in an overcomplete time-frequency dictionary with a particular structure. For infinite dictionaries that are the union of a nice wavelet basis and a Wilson basis, sufficient conditions are given for the Basis Pursuit and (Orthogonal) Matching Pursuit algorithms to recover a structured representation of an admissible signal. The sufficient conditions take into account the structure of the wavelet/Wilson dictionary and allow very large (even infinite) support sets to be recovered even though the dictionary is highly coherent. Key-words: sparse representation, overcomplete dictionary, matching pursuit, basis pursuit, time-frequency dictionaries, wavelets, Wilson basis, linear programming, greedy algorithm, , identifiability, inverse problem.
Low cost real-time system monitoring using Raspberry Pi

Nowadays, the Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance system is being utilized in order to keep peace and provide security to people. There are several defects in the video surveillance system, such as: picture is indistinct, anomalies cannot be identified automatically, a lot of storage spaces are needed to save the surveillance information, and prices remain relatively high. This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-cost system monitoring based on Raspberry Pi, a single board computer which follows Motion Detection algorithm written in Python as a default programming environment. In addition, the system uses the motion detection algorithm to significantly decrease storage usage and save investment costs. The algorithm for motion detection is being implemented on Raspberry Pi, which enables live streaming camera along with detection of motion. The live video camera can be viewed from any web browser, even from mobile in real-time.
Navigation System of the Autonomous Agricultural Robot “ BoniRob ” *

—In the context of the public funded project BoniRob we have developed an autonomous agricultural robot that can autonomously perform repeating phenotyping tasks for individual plants on different days. These tasks require a robust and reliable navigation and perception system. In this paper, we summarize our navigation approach and give details about the employed sensors, algorithms and the system integration. The system has successfully been demonstrated at various public occasions and we are now, with our partners, investigating opportunities for a limited-lot production for research and evaluation purposes. An overview of the complete project is given in [1]. Furthermore, we are currently developing the next version of the robot that will allow in addition mechanical weed control.
Improved Training of Wasserstein GANs

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are powerful generative models, but suffer from training instability. The recently proposed Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) makes progress toward stable training of GANs, but sometimes can still generate only poor samples or fail to converge. We find that these problems are often due to the use of weight clipping in WGAN to enforce a Lipschitz constraint on the critic, which can lead to undesired behavior. We propose an alternative to clipping weights: penalize the norm of gradient of the critic with respect to its input. Our proposed method performs better than standard WGAN and enables stable training of a wide variety of GAN architectures with almost no hyperparameter tuning, including 101-layer ResNets and language models with continuous generators. We also achieve high quality generations on CIFAR-10 and LSUN bedrooms. †
Exact Algorithms for Generalizations of Vertex Cover

The NP-complete Vertex Cover problem has been intensively studied in the field of parameterized complexity theory. However, there exists only little work concerning important generalizations of Vertex Cover like Partial Vertex Cover, Connected Vertex Cover, and Capacitated Vertex Cover which are of high interest in theory as well as in real-world applications. So far research was mainly focused on the approximability of these problems. It was shown recently that, with the size of the vertex cover as parameter, Connected Vertex Cover and Capacitated Vertex Cover are both fixed-parameter tractable whereas Partial Vertex Cover is W [1]-hard. We will study the fixed-parameter tractability of these problems using another parameter, called the treewidth, which describes the “tree-likeness” of the input graph. Our dynamic programming approaches lead to exact algorithms for graph classes with small treewidth. With these algorithms we show that Partial Vertex Cover and Connected Vertex Cover are fixed-parameter tractable using treewidth as a parameter, and that Capacitated Vertex Cover is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to treewidth for graphs with bounded vertex degree. Additionally, we will consider a variant of Capacitated Vertex Cover which is NPcomplete for trees. For this problem we show that it is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the vertex degree.
Use of skin staplers in head and neck surgery: prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the advantages and disadvantages of skin staplers versus conventional sutures in head and neck surgery.


SUBJECTS
Fifty consecutive patients who underwent extensive surgery in the head and neck area were included in this prospective trial.


METHODS
Patients were randomized into two equal groups: one group had their wounds closed with staplers and the other with monofilament sutures. The main outcome measures were speed of suturing, wound healing and cosmetic result, complications, and cost of either method.


RESULTS
Cosmetic results were good in both groups. Neither group had any complications. Wound closure speed was 18.9 +/- 1.4 cm/min when using skin staplers and 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm/min for conventional suturing (p < .001).


CONCLUSION
Skin staplers significantly reduce wound closure time and yield similar cosmetic results with no complications and with only a slightly higher cost of suturing material.
Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders.

BACKGROUND
Family accommodation has been studied in obsessive compulsive disorder using the Family Accommodation Scale (FAS) and predicts greater symptom severity, more impairment, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, family accommodation has yet to be systematically studied among families of children with other anxiety disorders. We developed the Family Accommodation Scale-Anxiety (FASA) that includes modified questions from the FAS to study accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders. The objectives of this study were to report on the first study of family accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders and to test the utility of the FASA for assessing the phenomenon.


METHODS
Participants were parents (n = 75) of anxious children from two anxiety disorder specialty clinics (n = 50) and a general outpatient clinic (n = 25). Measures included FASA, structured diagnostic interviews, and measures of anxiety and depression.


RESULTS
Accommodation was highly prevalent across all anxiety disorders and particularly associated with separation anxiety. Most parents reported participation in symptoms and modification of family routines as well as distress resulting from accommodation and undesirable consequences of not accommodating. The FASA displayed good internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity. Accommodation correlated significantly with anxious but not depressive symptoms, when controlling for the association between anxiety and depression. Factor analysis of the FASA pointed to a two-factor solution; one relating to modifications, the other to participation in symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Accommodation is common across childhood anxiety disorders and associated with severity of anxiety symptoms. The FASA shows promise as a means of assessing family accommodation in childhood anxiety disorders.
Active Mitigation of Subsynchronous Interactions Between PWM Voltage-Source Converters and Power Networks

Pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage-source converters (VSCs) are gaining widespread acceptance in modern power systems. It has been shown recently that full-scale high-power PWM VSCs can induce negative electrical damping at subsynchronous frequencies. However, active reshaping of the VSC incremental output impedance to minimize the negative impacts of a VSC on subsynchronous damping is not reported. To fill out this gap, this paper presents: 1) an extended analysis of the output impedance of a PWM-based two-level VSC; and 2) more importantly, three simple and robust active reshaping techniques to maximize the positive electrical damping in the subsynchronous frequencies without affecting the converter control performance. The first reshaping technique uses the grid voltage and an active-damping controller to generate active impedance that modifies the VSC impedance in the subsynchronous range. The second reshaping technique uses an internal active damping controller to modify the dynamics of the phase-locked loop, which has significant contribution to the negative impedance of the VSC. The third reshaping technique combines the first and second techniques. The proposed active mitigation methods show excellent performance in reshaping the VSC impedance and inducing positive electrical damping to mitigate possible subsynchronous interactions between the VSC and the power network. Further, the proposed compensators show robust control performance at different output power levels of the VSC without significant impact on the converter control performance. A theoretical analysis and comparative time-domain simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from stressful tasks following a mindfulness analog in college students with a family history of hypertension.

OBJECTIVES
Ninety-seven (97) undergraduates with a family history of hypertension participated in a study that evaluated the effects of a brief mindfulness-induction on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to two stressors.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants were randomized to either a mindfulness-induction or control condition and were then exposed to the cold pressor task (CPT) followed by the mirror-tracing task (MT). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline and postinduction, as well as during and immediately following each stressor.


RESULTS
There were no group differences in reactivity to either stressor. Participants in the mindfulness-analog condition experienced significantly greater latency to systolic blood pressure recovery following the CPT and a tendency toward greater latency to diastolic blood pressure recovery, although these findings were not replicated with the MT task.


CONCLUSIONS
These results are contrary to what was hypothesized and to the anecdotal evidence available regarding effects of comprehensive mindfulness interventions on reactivity. The findings are discussed with respect to purported mechanisms of mindfulness and learning theory.