LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous sinus lift and implantation using platelet-rich fibrin as sole grafting material.

Recently, several authors have shown that simultaneous sinus lift and implantation using autologous platelet-rich fibrin as the sole filling material is a reliable procedure promoting bone augmentation in the maxillary sinus. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of simultaneous sinus lift and implantation using platelet-rich fibrin as the sole grafting material on bone formation in a canine sinus model. An implant was placed after sinus membrane elevation in the maxillary sinus of six adult female mongrel dogs. The resulting space between the membrane and sinus floor was filled with autologous platelet-rich fibrin retrieved from each dog. The implants were left in place for six months. Bone tissue was seen at the lower part of the implants introduced into the sinus cavity. The height of the newly formed bone around the implants ranged from 0 mm to 4.9 mm (mean; 2.6 ± 2.0 mm) on the buccal side and from 0 mm to 4.2 mm (mean; 1.3 ± 1.8 mm) on the palatal side. The findings from this study suggest that simultaneous sinus lift and implantation using platelet-rich fibrin as sole grafting material is not a predictable and reproducible procedure, especially with respect to the bone formation around the implants in the sinus cavity.
What ' s the Point of Credit Scoring ? What ’ s the Point of Credit Scoring ?

When one banker asks another " What's the score? " shareholders needn't worry that these bankers are wasting time discussing the ball game. More likely they're doing their jobs and discussing the credit score of one of their loan applicants. Credit scoring is a statistical method used to predict the probability that a loan applicant or existing borrower will default or become delinquent. The method, introduced in the 1950s, is now widely used for consumer lending, especially credit cards, and is becoming more commonly used in mortgage lending. It has not been widely applied in business lending, but this, too, is changing. One reason for the delay is that business loans typically differ substantially across borrowers, making it harder to develop an accurate method of scoring. But the advent of new methodologies, enhanced computer power, and increased data availability have helped to make such scoring possible, and many banks are beginning to use scoring to evaluate small-business loan applications .
Presentations and management of thyroglossal duct cyst in children versus adults: a review of 106 cases.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentations and management of thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC or thyroglossal tract remnant [TTR]) between children and adults and evaluate risk factors associated with recurrence after surgery for TDCs.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective study of all patients with TDCs managed in our department from January 1998 through April 2008 was performed. All records were reviewed for age and sex, sizes and locations of cysts, diagnostic methods, surgical management, recurrences, and complications. Differences between children and adults and risk factors associated with recurrence were evaluated.


RESULTS
A total of 106 patients (47 children and 59 adults) were treated for TDC. Of the children, 57.4% were male and 42.6% were female, whereas 50.8% of the adults were male and 49.2% were female. There were no significant differences in sex in either group (P > .49). The average age was 7.0 ± 4.2 years in children and 36.0 ± 18.0 years in adults, which demonstrates a bimodal distribution. Adults were significantly more likely than children to present with a complaint other than mass or infection (P < .01), including pain, dysphagia, dysphonia, and fistula formation. There was no significant difference in frequency of location between the adults and children. In this article, 94.9% (56/59) of the adults and 87.2% (41/47) of the children underwent a Sistrunk operation, whereas the others underwent cyst excision. There were 2 recurrences among adults and 3 among children, all of whom presented with an infected neck mass and were treated with a second Sistrunk procedure. The recurrence rates and complications between children and adults were not significantly different.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of TDC was equal in males and females and had a bimodal distribution with similar incidence in children and adults. Adults were significantly more likely than children to present with a complaint other than mass or infection. The Sistrunk procedure is recommended as the main choice of treatment. Cyst infection may have a role in recurrence.
Memo No . 90 June 29 , 2018 Theory IIIb : Generalization in Deep Networks

A main puzzle of deep neural networks (DNNs) revolves around the apparent absence of “overfitting”, defined in this paper as follows: the expected error does not get worse when increasing the number of neurons or of iterations of gradient descent. This is surprising because of the large capacity demonstrated by DNNs to fit randomly labeled data and the absence of explicit regularization. Recent results by Srebro et al. provide a satisfying solution of the puzzle for linear networks used in binary classification. They prove that minimization of loss functions such as the logistic, the cross-entropy and the exp-loss yields asymptotic, “slow” convergence to the maximum margin solution for linearly separable datasets, independently of the initial conditions. Here we prove a similar result for nonlinear multilayer DNNs near zero minima of the empirical loss. The result holds for exponential-type losses but not for the square loss. In particular, we prove that the normalized weight matrix at each layer of a deep network converges to a minimum norm solution (in the separable case). Our analysis of the dynamical system corresponding to gradient descent of a multilayer network suggests a simple criterion for predicting the generalization performance of different zero minimizers of the empirical loss. This material is based upon work supported by the Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM), funded by NSF STC award CCF-1231216. Theory IIIb: Generalization in Deep Networks Tomaso Poggio ∗1, Qianli Liao1, Brando Miranda1, Andrzej Banburski1, Xavier Boix1, and Jack Hidary2 1Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, MIT 2Alphabet (Google) X
GIS-Based Planning and Modeling for Renewable Energy: Challenges and Future Research Avenues

In the face of the broad political call for an ―energy turnaround‖, we are currently witnessing three essential trends with regard to energy infrastructure planning, energy generation and storage: from planned production towards fluctuating production on the basis of renewable energy sources, from centralized generation towards decentralized generation and from expensive energy carriers towards cost-free energy carriers. These changes necessitate considerable modifications of the energy infrastructure. Even though most of these modifications are inherently motivated by geospatial questions and challenges, the integration of energy system models and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is still in its infancy. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of previous approaches in using GIS in renewable energy-related projects, extracts distinct challenges from these previous efforts and, finally, defines a set of core future research avenues for GIS-based energy infrastructure planning with a focus on the use of renewable energy. These future OPEN ACCESS ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2014, 3 663 research avenues comprise the availability base data and their ―geospatial awareness‖, the development of a generic and unified data model, the usage of volunteered geographic information (VGI) and crowdsourced data in analysis processes, the integration of 3D building models and 3D data analysis, the incorporation of network topologies into GIS, the harmonization of the heterogeneous views on aggregation issues in the fields of energy and GIS, fine-grained energy demand estimation from freely-available data sources, decentralized storage facility planning, the investigation of GIS-based public participation mechanisms, the transition from purely structural to operational planning, data privacy aspects and, finally, the development of a new dynamic power market design.
A fully convolutional neural network based structured prediction approach towards the retinal vessel segmentation

Automatic segmentation of retinal blood vessels from fundus images plays an important role in the computer aided diagnosis of retinal diseases. The task of blood vessel segmentation is challenging due to the extreme variations in morphology of the vessels against noisy background. In this paper, we formulate the segmentation task as a multi-label inference task and utilize the implicit advantages of the combination of convolutional neural networks and structured prediction. Our proposed convolutional neural network based model achieves strong performance and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art for automatic retinal blood vessel segmentation on DRIVE dataset with 95.33% accuracy and 0.974 AUC score.
Overcoming beta-agonist tolerance: high dose salbutamol and ipratropium bromide. Two randomised controlled trials

BACKGROUND
Asthmatics treated with long-acting beta-agonists have a reduced bronchodilator response to moderate doses of inhaled short acting beta-agonists during acute bronchoconstriction. It is not known if the response to higher doses of nebulised beta-agonists or other bronchodilators is impaired. We assessed the effect of long-acting beta-agonist treatment on the response to 5 mg nebulised salbutamol and to ipratropium bromide.


METHODS
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies of inhaled formoterol 12 mug twice daily in patients with asthma.High-dose salbutamol: 36 hours after the last dose of 1 week of formoterol or placebo treatment, 11 subjects inhaled methacholine to produce a 20% fall in FEV1. Salbutamol 5 mg was then administered via nebuliser and the FEV1 was monitored for 20 minutes. Ipratropium: 36 hours after the last dose of 1 week of formoterol or placebo treatment, 11 subjects inhaled 4.5% saline to produce a 20% fall in FEV1. Salbutamol 200 mug or ipratropium bromide 40 mug was then inhaled and the FEV1 was monitored for 30 minutes. Four study arms compared the response to each bronchodilator after formoterol and placebo. Analyses compared the area under the bronchodilator response curves, adjusting for changes in pre-challenge FEV1, dose of provocational agent and FEV1 fall during the challenge procedure.


RESULTS
The response to nebulised salbutamol was 15% lower after formoterol therapy compared to placebo (95% confidence 5 to 25%, p = 0.008). The response to ipratropium was unchanged.


CONCLUSION
Long-acting beta-agonist treatment induces tolerance to the bronchodilator effect of beta-agonists, which is not overcome by higher dose nebulised salbutamol. However, the bronchodilator response to ipratropium bromide is unaffected.
The Leadership Inventory for Medical Education (LIME): A Novel Assessment of Medical Students’ Leadership Skills

The 12-item LIME A review of leadership literature in healthcare, business, and policy and interdisciplinary discussion of leadership Identi ed 4 aspects of leadership: Communication: Sensitivity to others’ perspectives and ability to facilitate the sharing of ideas. Team Building: Abilty to manage groups of people and fostering their e ectiveness. Systems-Based Practice: Awareness of and facility with the policies and processes of healthcare. Problem-Solving: Facility with systemmatic approaches to identifying and overcoming barriers. ACGME has called for leadership training (Swing, 2007) Canadian Medical Association has called for more leadership skills in healthcare (Collins-Nakai, 2006)
Evaluation of adjunctive systemic doxycycline with non-surgical periodontal therapy within type 2 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of systemic doxycycline on clinical and microbiological parameters of diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.


METHODS
This 9-month multi-center, randomized, parallel, single-blinded study was conducted from different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April 2010 and December 2010. A total of 76 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis were randomized into 2 groups: control group (CG) received only scaling and root planing (SRP), and the treatment group (TG) receiving systemic doxycycline during the reevaluation visit 45 days after the completion of SRP. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were collected at baseline, 45 days after SRP, and one, 3, and 6 months  after the use of systemic doxycycline. Microbiological analysis comprised the detection of Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) by polymerase chain reaction method.


RESULTS
Sixty-eight (33 CG and 35 TG) subjects completed the study. Greater reduction in the population of Tf, Pg, and Pi were observed in TG compared with CG in the first month after the administration of systemic doxycycline. The TG showed a significant improvement in gingival index scores compared with the CG (p<0.05) by the end of the first and 6 months after the administration of doxycycline.


CONCLUSION
Adjunct systemic doxycycline can be associated with a reduction of Tf, Pg, and Pi in the first month after the administration of doxycycline with an improvement in the GI.
Selective lymphadenectomy in patients with Merkel cell (cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinoma

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous tumor with a propensity for local recurrence, regional and distant metastases. There are no well-defined prognostic factors that predict behavior of this tumor, nor are treatment guidelines well established. Methods: Staging of patients with a new diagnosis of MCC was attempted using selective lymphadenectomy concurrent with primary excision. Preoperative and intraoperative mapping, excision, and thorough histologic evaluation of the first lymph node draining the tumor primary site [sentinel node] was performed. Patients with tumor metastasis in the sentinel node underwent complete resection of the remainder of the lymph node basin. Results: Twelve patients underwent removal of 22 sentinel nodes. Two patients demonstrated metastatic disease in their sentinel lymph nodes, and complete dissection of the involved nodal basin revealed additional positive nodes. The node-negative patients received no further surgical therapy, with no evidence of recurrent local or regional disease at a maximum of 26 months follow-up (median 10.5 months). Conclusions: While the data are preliminary and initial follow-up is limited, early results suggest that sentinel lymph node mapping and excision may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of MCC. This technique may identify a population of patients who would benefit from further surgical lymph node excision.
Packet scheduling of GOOSE messages in IEC 61850 based substation intelligent electronic devices (IEDs)

IEC61850 is a new international standard for communication networks and systems in substations that defines different message types based on their transfer time requirements. In IEC61850-based Substation Automation systems (SAS), Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages are used for conveying time critical information between the protection and control devices. In a switched SAS network architecture the switches are provided with a strict priority queuing discipline to provide higher priority for the real-time messages. However, the message scheduling inside the intelligent electronic devices is first in first out. The non-critical messages can add to the queuing delay of GOOSE messages during a heavy traffic congestion period. In this paper, different packet scheduling algorithms have been applied for SAS IEDs using an OPNET simulation tool. A sample SAS network is constructed based on IEC61850 specifications, and the effect of the different packet scheduling schemes in IEDs on GOOSE message delays is analyzed in detail. The comparison of these different packet scheduling schemes have been discussed from the results of the sample SAS.
Biotic and abiotic influences on native and exotic richness relationship across spatial scales: favourable environments for native species are highly invasible

1. Biological invasions threaten biodiversity, and understanding the factors that influence a community’s susceptibility to invasion informs both management of invasive species and conservation efforts towards promoting biodiversity. 2. In this study, we examined the native–exotic richness relationships (NERR) at two spatial scales and asked what variables mediate the relationship between native and exotic species richness in 1-m plots among old fields. We also tested whether the favourable environment and spatial heterogeneity mechanisms alter the relationship between native and exotic richness. Additionally, we identified biotic, abiotic and landscape factors that accounted for patterns of exotic species richness across spatial scales, from 50-m transects (i.e. local scales) to entire old fields (i.e. landscape scales). 3. We found that native and exotic richness were positively related at both local and landscape spatial scales, with the strength of their relationship greater at the landscape scale. In old-field communities with lower foliar cover, native and exotic plant richness were negatively related across 1-m plots, whereas in old fields with higher foliar cover, native and exotic plant richness were positively related across 1-m plots. Overall, predictors of exotic species richness depended on spatial scale: at local scales, native plant richness, light and landscape factors accounted for most of the variation, but biotic factors alone accounted for most of the variation at the landscape scale. 4. Our findings suggest that fields favourable for native species are also suitable for exotic species, and management efforts towards exotic richness should be tailored to spatial scale.
Leadership and Decision-making : A Study on Reflexive Relationship Between Leadership Style and Decision-making Approach

Aims: This paper introduces how substantial decision-making and leadership styles relates with each other. Decision-making styles are connected with leadership practices and institutional arrangements. Study Design: Qualitative research approach was adopted in this study. A semi structure interview was use to elicit data from the participants on both leadership styles and decision-making. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Education international Islamic University
A content-based system for human identification based on bitewing dental X-ray images

This paper presents a system for assisting in human identification using dental radiographs. The goal of the system is to archive antemortem (AM) dental images and enable content-based retrieval of AM images that have similar teeth shapes to a given postmortem (PM) dental image. During archiving, the system classifies the dental images to bitewing, periapical, and panoramic views. It then segments the teeth and the bones in the bitewing images, separates each tooth into the crown and the root, and stores the contours of the teeth in the database. During retrieval, the proposed system retrieves from the AM database the images with the most similar teeth to the PM image based on Hausdorff distance measure between the teeth contours. Experiments on a small database show that our method is effective for dental image classification and teeth segmentation, provides good results for separating each tooth into crown and root, and provides a good tool for human identification. 2005 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The origin and evolution of model organisms

Key Points The number of model organisms has grown in concert with the increasing number of genome-sequencing projects. As a result, the 'tree of life', which was previously based on a ribosomal RNA gene sequence, has been replaced by one that is based on genome-wide sequence data. Eukaryotes are no longer considered to be close relatives of Archaebacteria, but rather genomic hybrids of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Large numbers of genes were transferred from prokaryotes to the eukaryote nucleus during symbiotic events. Owing to recent analyses of genomic sequences, phylogenetic support for the presence of hyperthermophiles — species that live at high temperatures — at the base of the tree of life has been weakened. Molecular-clock analyses have supported a more recent origin of Cyanobacteria than indicated by the fossil record. The date is now estimated to be closer to the time at which oxygen levels began to rise in the Earth's atmosphere, as indicated by geological evidence. Some cytological and genomic evidence support the existence of a premitochondrial period in the history of eukaryotes, although this topic has been debated. Whether the ancestors of some amitochondriate eukaryotes once had mitochondria also remains controversial. The basal position of liverworts among land plants has been uprooted, although an alternative phylogeny has not yet been established. Molecular-clock analyses indicate that the main groups of fungi diverged hundreds of millions of years earlier than indicated by the fossil record. The relationships between humans, nematodes and fruitflies continue to be debated, despite the knowledge of their complete genomes.AbstractThe phylogeny and timescale of life are becoming better understood as the analysis of genomic data from model organisms continues to grow. As a result, discoveries are being made about the early history of life and the origin and development of complex multicellular life. This emerging comparative framework and the emphasis on historical patterns is helping to bridge barriers among organism-based research communities.