LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Facilitated reperfusion with prehospital glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: predictors of complete ST-segment resolution before primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the On-TIME 2 trial: correlates of reperfusion before primary PCI.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcome of complete ST-segment resolution (STR) during transportation after pretreatment with dual or triple antiplatelet therapy in the Ongoing Tirofiban in Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (On-TIME) 2 trial.


METHODS
Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were randomized in the ambulance to pretreatment with high-dose tirofiban (HDT) or to a control pretreatment (placebo or no HDT) on top of 600-mg clopidogrel, 500-mg aspirin, and 5000-IU unfractionated heparin. Complete STR was defined as ≥70% STR on the electrocardiogram obtained before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with the inclusion electrocardiogram.


RESULTS
Complete STR before PCI occurred in 16.8% (n = 188/1121) and more frequently in the HDT group (19.0% vs 14.6%, P = .05). Independent predictors for complete STR before PCI were younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.96, P = .01 per 10 year increase), fast diagnosis (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-1.0, P = .004 per 15-minute increase time from symptom onset to diagnosis), longer pretreatment time (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16, P = .003 per 15-minute increase time start study medication to angiography), and randomization to HDT (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9, P = .05). Complete STR before PCI was associated with very low 30-day (0.5% vs 2.8%, P = .07) and 1-year (1.1% vs 5.0%, P = .019) mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Dual or triple antiplatelet pretreatment in the ambulance results in complete STR before PCI in 17% of patients. Fast ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis, prehospital initiation of pretreatment early after symptom onset, and HDT independently predicted STR before PCI. Complete STR is associated with improved clinical outcome.
Cost-of-illness study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the per patient and overall cost of illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Colombia from Ministry of Health and societal perspectives.


METHODS
A published Markov transition model was adapted for Colombia, using the clinical expertise of a Colombian endocrinologist. Transition probabilities for the model were derived from an international literature review. A model was run for a time horizon of 42 years. Direct resources (drugs, laboratory, medical, hospital, other health care) were identified and cost was ascertained by using national price lists, international health care guidelines, and other Colombian studies or data from other countries. Indirect costs (work time lost) were calculated by using the human capital approach. Annual and lifetime direct and indirect costs, in 2007 U.S. dollars with a 5% discount rate, were determined on a per patient basis and projected to the overall Colombian population. Costs were clustered according to treatments and outcomes.


RESULTS
The estimated annual cost was $2.7 billion from the societal perspective and $921 million from the Ministry of Health perspective. The annual direct cost per patient was $288, and the indirect cost was $559 (total = $847). This cost was distributed across disease outcomes as follows: diabetes treatment (drugs), 47%; cardiac and coronary disease, 24%; stroke, 15%; amputation, 9%; nephropathy, 3%; retinopathy, 2%. Macrovascular complications made up 86% of the annual direct costs and 95% of the annual indirect costs of T2DM.


CONCLUSIONS
We estimated the annual cost of T2DM for Colombia from societal, Ministry of Health, and Colombian Health System perspectives. We also estimated annual direct cost per patient and the cost of treating diabetes and macrovascular complications. The economic burden is substantial and comparable to results for other countries. The model showed a logical disease progression.
Evaluating an implementation strategy in cardiovascular prevention to improve prescribing of statins in Germany: an intention to treat analysis

BACKGROUND
The prescription of statins is an evidence-based treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with elevated cardiovascular risk or with a cardiovascular disorder (CVD). In spite of this, many of these patients do not receive statins.


METHODS
We evaluated the impact of a brief educational intervention in cardiovascular prevention in primary care physicians' prescribing behaviour regarding statins beyond their participation in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). For this, prescribing data of all patients > 35 years who were counselled before and after the study period were analysed (each n > 75,000). Outcome measure was prescription of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) corresponding to patients' overall risk for CVD. Appropriateness of prescribing was examined according to different risk groups based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC codes).


RESULTS
There was no consistent association between group allocation and statin prescription controlling for risk status in each risk group before and after study participation. However, we found a change to more significant drug configurations predicting the prescription of statins in the intervention group, which can be regarded as a small intervention effect.


CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that an active implementation of a brief evidence-based educational intervention does not lead to prescription modifications in everyday practice. Physician's prescribing behaviour is affected by an established health care system, which is not easy to change.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN71348772.
Social Robots for Long-Term Interaction: A Survey

As the field of HRI evolves, it is important to understand how users interact with robots over long periods. This paper reviews the current research on long-term interaction between users and social robots. We describe the main features of these robots and highlight the main findings of the existing long-term studies. We also present a set of directions for future research and discuss some open issues that should be addressed in this field.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit Extracts of Morus nigra L (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia

Purpose: To evaluate the content of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and anthocyanins) of Morus nigra L. fruit (black mulberry) as well as the antioxidant activities of its extracts. Methods: The contents of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins of the ethanol, ethanol-water (50/50,v/v) and water extracts of black mullbery were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant assay was based on the measurement of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) absorbance at 517 nm caused by the reaction of DPPH with the test sample, and also on the measurement of 2,2'azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) absorbance at 734 nm caused by the reaction of ABTS with the test sample. Results: Spectrophotometric analysis indicates that the content of total phenol compounds in the extracts varied from 90.26 to 118.84 mg GAE/100 g of fresh mulberry fruit. The content of anthocyanins ranged from 114.83 to 128.68 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside/100 g of fresh fruit (ff). The fruit extract (0.1 ml) showed high antioxidant activity with DPPH radical transformation value of 71.41 % in ethanol-water (50/50, v/v)) extract and good antioxidant activity (relative to trolox equivalent as standard) with ABTS of 55.43 % in the water extract. Conclusion: The high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity of black mulberry from Southeast Serbia underline the nutritive and phytomedicinal potentials of the fruit. Further studies are, however, required before the fruit extract can be exploited in the production of health foods and as an antioxidant carrier in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Constructivism: From Philosophy to Practice.

This exploration of constructivism begins with a discussion of constructivist epistemology and learning theory, explaining that constructivist epistemology is difficult to label, though many writers, educators, and researchers have come to an agreement about how this constructivist epistemology should affect educational practice and learning. The paper goes on to consider what constructivism means for learning, offering a summary of characteristics of constructivist learning and teaching and using the summary to compile a constructivist checklist. This checklist can be applied by educators to educational projects and environments in order to observe the way in which constructivist epistemology and theories of learning can be accommodated in educational practice. The paper concludes by suggesting that an important challenge for educational reform is to begin to question and come to greater understanding of the philosophy, theory, and epistemology that presently informs educational practice. (Contains 32 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Constructivism: From Philosophy to Practice
A CMOS impulse generator for UWB wireless communication systems

A fully integrated CMOS impulse generator was designed as a part of the System-on-Chip (SOC) implementation of an Ultra-Wide-Bandwidth (UWB) wireless communication system. Three interpolation delay blocks in series and an XOR block are utilized for the pulse generation. The Gaussian Mono-pulse is generated with a RLC Band-Pass Filter (BPF), and a substrate RF inductor is utilized to avoid using off-chip components. The ideal BPF and the substrate BPF simulation results were compared to predict the actual performance of the impulse generator. The substrate BPF brings wider -3 dB bandwidth (BW), less ripple ratio, and smaller output amplitude. It operates with a center frequency of 3.27 GHz and a -3 dB BW of 3.34 GHz with an inductor value of 10 nH. The impulse generator was designed with MOS current mode logic (MCML) in the TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Pose-Robust Facial Expression Recognition Using View-Based 2D $+$ 3D AAM

This paper proposes a pose-robust face tracking and facial expression recognition method using a view-based 2D 3D active appearance model (AAM) that extends the 2D 3D AAM to the view-based approach, where one independent face model is used for a specific view and an appropriate face model is selected for the input face image. Our extension has been conducted in many aspects. First, we use principal component analysis with missing data to construct the 2D 3D AAM due to the missing data in the posed face images. Second, we develop an effective model selection method that directly uses the estimated pose angle from the 2D 3D AAM, which makes face tracking pose-robust and feature extraction for facial expression recognition accurate. Third, we propose a double-layered generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) for facial expression recognition. Experimental results show the following: 1) The face tracking by the view-based 2D 3D AAM, which uses multiple face models with one face model per each view, is more robust to pose change than that by an integrated 2D 3D AAM, which uses an integrated face model for all three views; 2) the double-layered GDA extracts good features for facial expression recognition; and 3) the view-based 2D 3D AAM outperforms other existing models at pose-varying facial expression recognition.
Utilisation of eye care services in rural south India: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey.

AIM
To determine utilisation of eye care services in a rural population of southern India aged 40 years or older.


METHODS
5150 subjects aged 40 years and older selected through a random cluster sampling technique from three districts in southern India underwent detailed ocular examinations for vision impairment, blindness, and ocular morbidity. Information regarding previous use of eye care services was collected from this population through a questionnaire administered by trained social workers before ocular examinations.


RESULTS
3476 (72.7%) of 5150 subjects examined required eye care examinations. 1827 (35.5%) people gave a history of previous eye examinations, primarily from a general hospital (n = 1073, 58.7%). Increasing age and education were associated with increased utilisation of eye care services. Among the 3323 people who had never sought eye care, 912 (27.4%) had felt the need to have an eye examination but did not do so. Only one third of individuals with vision impairment, cataracts, refractive errors, and glaucoma had previously utilised services.


CONCLUSIONS
A large proportion of people in a rural population of southern India who require eye care are currently not utilising existing eye care services. Improved strategies to improve uptake of services is required to reduce the huge burden of vision impairment in India.
Children First Study: how an educational program in cardiovascular prevention at school can improve parents' cardiovascular risk.

AIM
To evaluate whether a multidisciplinary educational program (EP) in cardiovascular prevention (CVP) for children could improve the Framingham cardiovascular risk (FCR) of their parents after one year.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This was a prospective community-based study in Brazil during 2010 that randomized students aged 6 to 10 years old to two different approaches to receiving healthy lifestyle information. The control group received written educational material (EM) for their parents about healthy lifestyle. The intervention group received the same EM for parents, and children were exposed to a weekly EP in CVP with a multidisciplinary health team. At onset and end of the study, we collected data from parents and children (weight, height, arterial blood pressure, and laboratory tests). We studied 197 children and 323 parents. Analyzing the parents' FCR we found that 9.3% of the control group and 6.8% of the intervention group had more than a 10% year risk of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) over the next 10 years. After the children's EP for the year, the intervention group had a reduction of 91% in the intermediate/high FCR group compared with a 13% reduction in the control group, p = 0.002). In the same way, analyzing the FCR of all parents, there was a reduction of the average risk in the intervention group (3.6% to 2.8% respectively, p < 0.001) compared with the control group (4.4% to 4.4%, p = 0.98).


CONCLUSION
An educational program in cardiovascular prevention directed at school-age children can reduce the FCR risk of their parents, especially in the intermediate/high risk categories.
Tectonic implications of post–30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions

The Pacific plate moved northwest relative to North America since 42 Ma. The rapid half rate of Pacific-Farallon spreading allowed the ridge to approach the continent at about 29 Ma. Extinct spreading ridges that occur offshore along 65% of the margin (Lonsdale, 1991) document that fragments of the subducted Farallon slab became captured by the Pacific plate and assumed its motion prior to the actual subduction of the spreading ridge. This platecapture process can be used to explain much of the post–29 Ma Cordilleran North America extension, strike slip, and the inland jump of oceanic spreading in the Gulf of California. The Pacific and North American contact zone lengthened with each successive plate capture event, underpinning the parts of western North America directly inland with a strong plate undergoing Pacific relative motion. We suggest that much of the post–29 Ma continental tectonism is the result of the strong traction imposed on the deep part of the continental crust by the gently inclined slab of subducted oceanic lithosphere as it moved to the northwest relative to the overlying continent. The platecapture hypothesis is distinctly different from theories involving shallow slab gaps. Kinematic problems associated with shallow slab-gap models cause us to question them. This conclusion is consistent with seismic refraction interpretations that suggest there is an inclined layer with high velocities like that of basalt or gabbro at the base of the continental crust beneath much of the Californian margin and the documented reduction of slab-pull forces and density associated with young subducting slabs. Thermal and rheologic modeling suggests that coastal California was a strong zone at all depths allowing it to be firmly linked to Pacific motion. Our model shows that deformed regions such as the basin and range and borderland provinces developed in predicted weak parts of the crustal section, but they have been incompletely linked to the deep plate across the ductile middle and lower crustal layer.
Improving the filter bank of a classic speech feature extraction algorithm

The most popular speech feature extractor used in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems today is the me1 frequency cepstral coefficient (mfcc) algorithm. Introduced in 1980, the filter bank-based algorithm eventually replaced linear prediction cepstral coefficients (lpcc) as the premier front end, primarily because of mfcc’s superior robustness to additive noise. However, mfcc does not approximate the critical bandwidth of the human auditory system. We propose a novel scheme for decoupling filter bandwidth from . other filter bank parameters, and we demonstrate improved noise robustness over three versions of mfcc through HMMbased experiments with the English digits in various noise environments.
Philosophy of psychology

Philosophy of psychology , Philosophy of psychology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Unsuspected femoral hernia in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of recurrent inguinal hernia

Small femoral hernias may be difficult to diagnose by physical examination and are sometimes identified unexpectedly by laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of unsuspected femoral hernia discovered during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in two well-defined patient groups. Patients undergoing laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair from April 2000 until December 2009 (n = 561) were prospectively registered including data on previous hernia operations and identified type of hernia during surgery. We included patients whose preoperative diagnosis was either bilateral primary inguinal hernia (Primary Group) or recurrent inguinal hernia (Recurrent Group). Four hundred and sixty-one (82.2 %) patients were included in the study, of whom 211 (45.8 %) was in the Primary Group and 250 (54.2 %) in the Recurrent Group. The incidence of unsuspected femoral hernia in the Recurrent Group [23/250, 9.2 % (95 % CI 5.9–13.5 %)] was significantly higher than in the Primary Group [8/211, 3.8 % (95 % CI 1.7–7.3 %)], p = 0.02. Furthermore, 38.1 % of women operated on for a recurrent inguinal hernia, presented with an unsuspected femoral hernia at surgery as opposed to 6.6 % of the men, p = 0.003. Unsuspected femoral hernias are more prevalent in patients with recurrent hernia than in patients with primary hernia in the inguinal region. Femoral hernias may be unrecognized at the primary inguinal hernia operation, or the previous inguinal hernia operation may facilitate the formation of a femoral hernia. Unsuspected femoral hernias are especially frequent in women with recurrent inguinal hernia. In women with a groin hernia, a femoral hernia should always be excluded by laparoscopy or by open exploration of the preperitoneal space.
Nurses' attitudes towards self-harm: a literature review.

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY
People who self-harm experience many problems and needs related to management of emotional and practical stress. A positive attitude among nurses is especially important given the close contact they have with people who self-harm. This article is based on a review of the literature. It includes articles that concern both general and mental health nurses who work in various healthcare settings (e.g. acute inpatients wards, community mental health, emergency departments and medical admission units). The literature shows that negative attitudes towards self-harm are common among nurses. It remains unclear how nurses' age, work experience and gender influence their attitudes. The setting in which nurses work appears to influence their attitude, as does their level of qualification. For example, mental health nurses appear to have more positive attitudes than general nurses. Nurses' attitudes can be improved with the help of education comprising reflective and interactive elements. Supervision and support from colleagues appear to be especially important for mental health nurses. Self-harm is a growing health problem. Nurses in a variety of healthcare settings play a central role in the care of people who self-harm. Their professional attitudes towards these people are essential for high-quality care. This review aims to develop insight into nurses' attitudes towards self-harm as they exist in contemporary nursing practice. A literature search was conducted in four databases, and a total of 15 relevant articles were found. This review indicates that negative attitudes towards self-harm are common among nurses. The influence of nurses' age, gender and work experience remains unclear. Healthcare setting and qualification level appear to be influencing factors. Education can have a positive influence on nurses' attitudes towards self-harm, especially when it includes reflective and interactive components. It is demonstrated in this review that a major change is needed regarding nurses' attitudes. To realize this change, nurses need to be trained and educated adequately concerning self-harm. They need time and resources to build a therapeutic relationship with people who harm themselves so they can offer high-quality care for this vulnerable group.
Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT): a sphincter-saving technique for fistula-in-ano.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to assess the total anal sphincter-saving technique of ligating the intersphincteric fistula tract for the treatment of fistula-in-ano.


METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study of patients with fistula-in-ano treated with the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract technique from May 2007 through September 2008. All patients had fistulas arising from cryptoglandular infections. Recurrence rate, healing time, and morbidities related to the procedure were determined with a standard follow-up protocol.


RESULTS
Forty-five patients with transsphincteric (n = 33) or complex (n = 12) fistulas were included in the study. Five patients (11.1%) had recurrent fistula-in-ano after prior surgery using other recognized treatment procedures. The median age was 41.5 (range, 27-56) years; median follow-up, 9 (range, 2-16) months. Primary healing was achieved in 37 patients (82.2%), with a median healing time of 7 (range, 4-10) weeks. Eight patients (17.7%) had recurrence of fistula between 3 and 8 months after the operation. No clinically significant morbidity was noted in any of the 45 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract technique for fistula-in-ano surgery, which aims at total anal sphincter preservation, appears to be both safe and easy to perform, with encouraging early outcomes.