LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
PipeLayer: A Pipelined ReRAM-Based Accelerator for Deep Learning

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) are the heart of deep learning applications. Recent works PRIME [1] and ISAAC [2] demonstrated the promise of using resistive random access memory (ReRAM) to perform neural computations in memory. We found that training cannot be efficiently supported with the current schemes. First, they do not consider weight update and complex data dependency in training procedure. Second, ISAAC attempts to increase system throughput with a very deep pipeline. It is only beneficial when a large number of consecutive images can be fed into the architecture. In training, the notion of batch (e.g. 64) limits the number of images can be processed consecutively, because the images in the next batch need to be processed based on the updated weights. Third, the deep pipeline in ISAAC is vulnerable to pipeline bubbles and execution stall. In this paper, we present PipeLayer, a ReRAM-based PIM accelerator for CNNs that support both training and testing. We analyze data dependency and weight update in training algorithms and propose efficient pipeline to exploit inter-layer parallelism. To exploit intra-layer parallelism, we propose highly parallel design based on the notion of parallelism granularity and weight replication. With these design choices, PipeLayer enables the highly pipelined execution of both training and testing, without introducing the potential stalls in previous work. The experiment results show that, PipeLayer achieves the speedups of 42.45x compared with GPU platform on average. The average energy saving of PipeLayer compared with GPU implementation is 7.17x.
Dress fit and body image: a thematic analysis of women's accounts during and after trying on dresses.

This study was designed to investigate women's experiences of dress fit and body image. Spontaneous speech of 20 women aged 18-45 years was audio-recorded while they tried on a number of dresses. They were also body-scanned and photographed in their chosen dress and discussed both the scan and the photograph in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis and four key themes were found: the slim hourglass ideal, functional aspects of clothes fit, body confidence and clothes fit, and clothes dimensions and size coding. All themes and component sub-themes were ratified in follow-up sessions six months after the original interviews. It was concluded that these women had a complicated relationship with clothes fit and sizing and used well-fitting clothes to increase body confidence, cover perceived flaws, and to try to attain a slender hourglass look. Ideas for future directions for research in these areas are discussed.
Olfactory Training in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

OBJECTIVE
Decrease of olfactory function in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-investigated fact. Studies indicate that pharmacological treatment of PD fails to restore olfactory function in PD patients. The aim of this investigation was whether patients with PD would benefit from "training" with odors in terms of an improvement of their general olfactory function. It has been hypothesized that olfactory training should produce both an improved sensitivity towards the odors used in the training process and an overall increase of olfactory function.


METHODS
We recruited 70 subjects with PD and olfactory loss into this single-center, prospective, controlled non-blinded study. Thirty-five patients were assigned to the olfactory training group and 35 subjects to the control group (no training). Olfactory training was performed over a period of 12 weeks while patients exposed themselves twice daily to four odors (phenyl ethyl alcohol: rose, eucalyptol: eucalyptus, citronellal: lemon, and eugenol: cloves). Olfactory testing was performed before and after training using the "Sniffin' Sticks" (thresholds for phenyl ethyl alcohol, tests for odor discrimination, and odor identification) in addition to threshold tests for the odors used in the training process.


RESULTS
Compared to baseline, trained PD patients experienced a significant increase in their olfactory function, which was observed for the Sniffin' Sticks test score and for thresholds for the odors used in the training process. Olfactory function was unchanged in PD patients who did not perform olfactory training.


CONCLUSION
The present results indicate that olfactory training may increase olfactory sensitivity in PD patients.
Spatial and Spectral Methods for Weed Detection and Localization

This study concerns the detection and localization of weed patches in order to improve the knowledge on weed-crop competition. A remote control aircraft provided with a camera allowed to obtain low cost and repetitive information. Different processings were involved to detect weed patches using spatial then spectral methods. First, a shift of colorimetric base allowed to separate the soil and plant pixels. Then, a specific algorithm including Gabor filter was applied to detect crop rows on the vegetation image. Weed patches were then deduced from the comparison of vegetation and crop images. Finally, the development of a multispectral acquisition device is introduced. First results for the discrimination of weeds and crops using the spectral properties are shown from laboratory tests. Application of neural networks were mostly studied.
The theory of two-electron atoms: between ground state and complete fragmentation

Since the first attempts to calculate the helium ground state in the early days of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization, two-electron atoms have posed a series of unexpected challenges to theoretical physics. Despite the seemingly simple problem of three charged particles with known interactions, it took more than half a century after quantum mechanics was established to describe the spectra of two-electron atoms satisfactorily. The evolution of the understanding of correlated two-electron dynamics and its importance for doubly excited resonance states is presented here, with an emphasis on the concepts introduced. The authors begin by reviewing the historical development and summarizing the progress in measuring the spectra of two-electron atoms and in calculating them by solving the corresponding Schrödinger equation numerically. They devote the second part of the review to approximate quantum methods, in particular adiabatic and group-theoretical approaches. These methods explain and predict the striking regularities of two-electron resonance spectra, including propensity rules for decay and dipole transitions of resonant states. This progress was made possible through the identification of approximate dynamical symmetries leading to corresponding collective quantum numbers for correlated electron-pair dynamics. The quantum numbers are very different from the independent particle classification, suitable for low-lying states in atomic systems. The third section of the review describes modern semiclassical concepts and their application to two-electron atoms. Simple interpretations of the approximate quantum numbers and propensity rules can be given in terms of a few key periodic orbits of the classical three-body problem. This includes the puzzling existence of Rydberg series for electron-pair motion. Qualitative and quantitative semiclassical estimates for doubly excited states are obtained for both regular and chaotic classical two-electron dynamics using modern semiclassical techniques. These techniques set the stage for a theoretical investigation of the regime of extreme excitation towards the three-body breakup threshold. Together with periodic orbit spectroscopy, they supply new tools for the analysis of complex experimental spectra.
Involved-field radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND
The use of involved-field radiotherapy after chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma is controversial.


METHODS
We randomly assigned patients with previously untreated stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma who were in complete remission after hybrid chemotherapy with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (MOPP-ABV) to receive either no further treatment or involved-field radiotherapy. Radiotherapy consisted of 24 Gy to all initially involved nodal areas and 16 to 24 Gy to all initially involved extranodal sites. Patients in partial remission were treated with 30 Gy to nodal areas and 18 to 24 Gy to extranodal sites.


RESULTS
Of 739 patients, 421 had a complete remission; 161 of these patients were assigned to no further treatment, and 172 to involved-field radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 79 months. The five-year event-free survival rate was 84 percent in the group that did not receive radiotherapy and 79 percent in the group that received involved-field radiotherapy (P=0.35). The five-year overall survival rates were 91 and 85 percent, respectively (P=0.07). Among the 250 patients in partial remission after chemotherapy, the five-year event-free and overall survival rates were 79 and 87 percent, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Involved-field radiotherapy did not improve the outcome in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma who had a complete remission after MOPP-ABV chemotherapy. Radiotherapy may benefit patients with a partial response after chemotherapy.
Traffic-Constrained Multiobjective Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations

Smart-grid development calls for effective solutions, such as electric vehicles (EVs), to meet the energy and environmental challenges. To facilitate large-scale EV applications, optimal locating and sizing of charging stations in smart grids have become essential. This paper proposes a multiobjective EV charging station planning method which can ensure charging service while reducing power losses and voltage deviations of distribution systems. A battery capacity-constrained EV flow capturing location model is proposed to maximize the EV traffic flow that can be charged given a candidate construction plan of EV charging stations. The data-envelopment analysis method is employed to obtain the final optimal solution. Subsequently, the well-established cross-entropy method is utilized to solve the planning problem. The simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method based on a case study consisting of a 33-node distribution system and a 25-node traffic network system.
SHERIFF: precise detection and automatic mitigation of false sharing

False sharing is an insidious problem for multithreaded programs running on multicore processors, where it can silently degrade performance and scalability. Previous tools for detecting false sharing are severely limited: they cannot distinguish false sharing from true sharing, have high false positive rates, and provide limited assistance to help programmers locate and resolve false sharing.
 This paper presents two tools that attack the problem of false sharing: Sheriff-Detect and Sheriff-Protect. Both tools leverage a framework we introduce here called Sheriff. Sheriff breaks out threads into separate processes, and exposes an API that allows programs to perform per-thread memory isolation and tracking on a per-page basis. We believe Sheriff is of independent interest.
 Sheriff-Detect finds instances of false sharing by comparing updates within the same cache lines by different threads, and uses sampling to rank them by performance impact. Sheriff-Detect is precise (no false positives), runs with low overhead (on average, 20%), and is accurate, pinpointing the exact objects involved in false sharing. We present a case study demonstrating Sheriff-Detect's effectiveness at locating false sharing in a variety of benchmarks.
 Rewriting a program to fix false sharing can be infeasible when source is unavailable, or undesirable when padding objects would unacceptably increase memory consumption or further worsen runtime performance. Sheriff-Protect mitigates false sharing by adaptively isolating shared updates from different threads into separate physical addresses, effectively eliminating most of the performance impact of false sharing. We show that Sheriff-Protect can improve performance for programs with catastrophic false sharing by up to 9×, without programmer intervention.
The multiverse of democracy : essays in honour of Rajni Kothari

Introduction - D L Sheth and Ashis Nandy PART ONE: GLOBALIZED DEMOCRACY: STATE, VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT The Nature of the Modern State - Bhikhu Parekh The Frankenstein State and Uneven Sovereignty - Ali A Mazrui Democracy in the Third World - Samir Amin Democracy and Development - Johan Galtung The Gulf War and the Death of Democracy - Richard Falk 'The Last Hurrah' - Immanuel Wallerstein Democracy and the Wages of War PART TWO: THE POETICS OF DEMOCRACY: CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE AND DEMOCRACTIC PRACTICE On The Spatio-Temporal Conditions of Democratic Practice - R B J Walker The French Revolution Cannot Take Place for Women - Maria Mies Post-Modernism and Democracy - Fred Dallmayr Comments on Voegelin and Lefort From Beyond the Ganges - W H Morris-Jones A Letter from Jawaharlal Nehru Post-Relativism in Emancipatory Thought - Thomas Pantham Gandhi's Swaraj and Satyagraha Political Regeneration in India - James Manor Anthropology as Critical Self-Awareness - T N Madan The Artificialistic Fallacy - Edward Goldsmith
Foreskin surface area and HIV acquisition in Rakai, Uganda (size matters).

INTRODUCTION
Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition in men. We assessed whether foreskin surface area was associated with HIV acquisition prior to circumcision.


METHODS
In two randomized trials of male circumcision, the surface area of the foreskin was measured after surgery using standardized procedures. Nine hundred and sixty-five initially HIV-negative men were enrolled in a community cohort who subsequently enrolled in the male circumcision trials, provided 3920.8 person-years of observation prior to circumcision. We estimated HIV incidence per 100 person-years prior to circumcision, associated with foreskin surface area categorized into quartiles.


RESULTS
Mean foreskin surface area was significantly higher among men who acquired HIV (43.3 cm2, standard error 2.1) compared with men who remained uninfected (36.8 cm, standard error 0.5, P = 0.01). HIV incidence was 0.80/100 person-years (8/994.9 person-years) for men with foreskin surface areas in the lowest quartile (< or =26.3 cm2), 0.92/100 person-years (9/975.3 person-years) with foreskin areas in the second quartile (26.4-35.0 cm2), 0.90/100 person-years (8/888.5 person-years) with foreskin area in the third quartile (35.2-45.5 cm2) and 2.48/100 person-years (23/926.8 person-years) in men with foreskin surfaces areas in the highest quartile (>45.6 cm2). Compared with men with foreskin surface areas in the lowest quartile, the adjusted incidence rate ratio of HIV acquisition was 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.05-5.31) in men with the largest quartile of foreskin surface area.


CONCLUSION
The risk of male HIV acquisition is increased among men with larger foreskin surface areas.
A cluster randomised trial of a school-based resilience intervention to decrease tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use in secondary school students: study protocol

BACKGROUND
Whilst schools provide a potentially appropriate setting for preventing substance use among young people, systematic review evidence suggests that past interventions in this setting have demonstrated limited effectiveness in preventing tobacco, alcohol and other drug use. Interventions that adopt a mental wellbeing approach to prevent substance use offer considerable promise and resilience theory provides one method to impact on adolescent mental well-being. The aim of the proposed study is to examine the efficacy of a resilience intervention in decreasing the tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use of adolescents.


METHODS
A cluster randomised controlled trial with schools as the unit of randomisation will be undertaken. Thirty two schools in disadvantaged areas will be allocated to either an intervention or a control group. A comprehensive resilience intervention will be implemented, inclusive of explicit program adoption strategies. Baseline surveys will be conducted with students in Grade 7 in both groups and again three years later when the student cohort is in Grade 10. The primary outcome measures will include self-reported tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other illicit drug use. Comparisons will be made post-test between Grade 10 students in intervention and control schools to determine intervention effectiveness across all measures.


DISCUSSION
To the authors' knowledge this is the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive school-based resilience intervention, inclusive of explicit adoption strategies, in decreasing tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use of adolescents attending disadvantaged secondary schools.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ACTRN12611000606987.
A mobile robot with autonomous climbing and descending of stairs

Mobile robots are used to operate in urban environments, for surveillance, reconnaissance, and inspection, as well as for military operations and in hazardous environments. Some are intended for exploration of only natural terrains, but others also for artificial environments, including stairways. This paper presents a mobile robot design that achieves autonomous climbing and descending of stairs. The robot uses sensors and embedded intelligence to achieve the task. The robot is a reconfigurable tracked mobile robot that has the ability to traverse obstacles by changing its track configuration. Algorithms have been further developed for conditions under which the mobile robot would halt its motion during the climbing process when at risk of flipping over. Technical problems related to the implementation of some of the robot functional attributes are presented, and proposed solutions are validated and experimentally tested. The experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to autonomous climbing and descending of stairs.
Preliminary results of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy in operable triple-negative breast cancer after standard adjuvant therapy--a single-arm phase II study.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to investigate efficacy and toxicity of 1 year of capecitabine metronomic therapy preceded by standard adjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.


METHODS
Between June 2010 and February 2012, 19 women with pathologically proven operable TNBC, who had received standard adjuvant chemotherapy before were enrolled. Patients received 1 year of oral capecitabine metronomic therapy (650 mg/m2, twice every day), after standard adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy if indicated. The primary endpoints of this study were disease-free survival rates (DFS) and safety profile. Secondary end point was overall survival (OS).


RESULTS
The maximal follow-up was 46.6 months with a median of 30.1 months±11.525 (95% CI; 28.5-33.5 months). The median DFS was 41.7 months±2.7 (95% CI; 36.5-46.9). No one developed locoregional recurrence. The actuarial rate of DFS was 88.8% and 82.05% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. At the time of the analyses, no patients had died and the median OS was not reached. Treatment-related adverse events were manageable with only 1 patient (5.3%) suffering from Grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome and another 1 patient (5.3%) suffering from Grade 3 diarrhea. No Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity was recorded. All patients received full doses of capecitabine throughout the study and dose reduction was not required in any of our patients.


CONCLUSION
One year of capecitabine metronomic therapy preceded by standard adjuvant chemotherapy, is active and well-tolerated in TNBC patients previously treated with standard adjuvant chemotherapy.
Impact of DNA mismatch repair system alterations on human fertility and related treatments

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is one of the biological pathways, which plays a critical role in DNA homeostasis, primarily by repairing base-pair mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that occur during DNA replication. MMR also takes part in other metabolic pathways and regulates cell cycle arrest. Defects in MMR are associated with genomic instability, predisposition to certain types of cancers and resistance to certain therapeutic drugs. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the MMR system demonstrate a significant relationship with human fertility and related treatments, which helps us to understand the etiology and susceptibility of human infertility. Alterations in the MMR system may also influence the health of offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology in humans. However, further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms by which the MMR system may affect human infertility. This review addresses the physiological mechanisms of the MMR system and associations between alterations of the MMR system and human fertility and related treatments, and potential effects on the next generation. 简要概括DNA 损伤修复系统在人体中的作用和机制,并探讨其改变与人类生殖能力以及通过辅助生殖技术诞生的子代之间的相互影响。希望更多相关工作的进行能够为人类不孕症的预防、诊断和治疗工作建立一个更好的医疗体系。
An amphibious robot capable of snake and lamprey-like locomotion

This article presents a project that aims at constructing a biologically inspired amphibious snake-like robot. The robot is designed to be capable of anguilliform swimming like the lamprey in water and serpentine locomotion like a snake on ground. Both the structure and the controller of the robot are inspired by elongate vertebrates. In particular, the locomotion of the robot is controlled by a central pattern generator (a system of coupled oscillators) that produces travelling waves of oscillations as limit cycle behavior. We present the design considerations behind the robot and its controller. Preliminary results in simulation and with the first elements that compose the real robot are presented.
Dynamic Pricing Strategies with Reference Effects

We consider the dynamic pricing problem of a monopolist firm in a market with repeated interactions, where demand is sensitive to the firm’s pricing history. Consumers have memory and are prone to human decision making biases and cognitive limitations. As the firm manipulates prices, consumers form a reference price that adjusts as an anchoring standard based on price perceptions. Purchase decisions are made by assessing prices as discounts or surcharges relative to the reference price, in the spirit of prospect theory. We prove that optimal pricing policies induce a perception of monotonic prices, whereby consumers always perceive a discount, respectively surcharge, relative to their expectations. The effect is that of a skimming or penetration strategy. The firm’s optimal pricing path is monotonic on the long run, but not necessarily at the introductory stage. If consumers are loss averse, we show that optimal prices converge to a constant steady state price, characterized by a simple implicit equation; otherwise the optimal policy cycles. The range of steady states is wider the more loss averse consumers are. Steady state prices decrease with the strength of the reference effect, and with customers’ memory, all else equal. Offering lower prices to frequent customers may be suboptimal, however, if these are less sensitive to price changes than occasional buyers. If managers ignore such long term implications of their pricing strategy, the model indicates that they will systematically price too low and lose revenue. Our results hold under very general reference dependent demand models.