LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Height and risk of incident intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health study cohorts.

BACKGROUND
Height is inversely associated with incident coronary disease and total stroke, but few studies have examined the association between height and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). We hypothesized that height would be inversely associated with incident IPH in the combined cohorts of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Cardiovascular Health Study.


METHODS
Data on Caucasian and African American participants were used to estimate the association of height at baseline with incident IPH verified by clinician review of medical records and imaging reports. Sex-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios.


RESULTS
A total of 20,983 participants initially free of stroke (11,788 women and 9195 men) were followed for an average of 15.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.1 years). Incident IPH occurred in 115 women and 73 men. Sex, but not age, race, study, or blood pressure, modified the association (P = .03). After adjustment for risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, and race), among women, height was significantly inversely associated with incident IPH (hazard ratio [HR] per SD [6.3 cm] was 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.99; P = .04). The HR for tertile 3 vs 1 in women was 0.63 (95% CI 0.37-1.08). Among men, height was not linearly associated with incident IPH (HR per SD [6.7 cm] was 1.09; 95% CI 0.84-1.40; P = .52).


CONCLUSIONS
This large prospective study provides evidence that shorter height may be a risk factor for incident IPH in women.
The effects of a tailored cardiac rehabilitation program on depressive symptoms in women: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Depression is known to co-occur with coronary heart disease (CHD). Depression may also inhibit the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs by decreasing adherence. Higher prevalence of depression in women may place them at increased risk for non-adherence.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of a modified, stage-of-change-matched, gender-tailored CR program for reducing depressive symptoms among women with CHD.


METHODS
A two-group randomized clinical trial compared depressive symptoms of women in a traditional 12-week CR program to those completing a tailored program that included motivational interviewing guided by the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change. Women in the experimental group also participated in a gender-tailored exercise protocol that excluded men. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was administered to 225 women at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Analysis of Variance was used to compare changes in depression scores over time.


RESULTS
Baseline CES-D scores were 17.3 and 16.5 for the tailored and traditional groups, respectively. Post-intervention mean scores were 11.0 and 14.3; 6-month follow-up scores were 13.0 and 15.2, respectively. A significant group by time interaction was found for CES-D scores (F(2, 446)=4.42, p=.013). Follow-up tests revealed that the CES-D scores for the traditional group did not differ over time (F(2, 446)=2.00, p=.137). By contrast, the tailored group showed significantly decreased CES-D scores from baseline to post-test (F(1, 223)=50.34, p<.001); despite the slight rise from post-test to 6-month follow-up, CES-D scores remained lower than baseline (F(1, 223)=19.25, p<.001).


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that a modified, gender-tailored CR program reduced depressive symptoms in women when compared to a traditional program. To the extent that depression hinders CR adherence, such tailored programs have potential to improve outcomes for women by maximizing adherence. Future studies should explore the mechanism by which such programs produce benefits.
Architectural Mismatch: Why Reuse Is So Hard

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Encouraging Physical Activity in Patients With Diabetes: Intervention Using a Reinforcement Learning System

BACKGROUND
Regular physical activity is known to be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, most of the people who have diabetes lead a sedentary lifestyle. Smartphones create new possibilities for helping people to adhere to their physical activity goals through continuous monitoring and communication, coupled with personalized feedback.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to help type 2 diabetes patients increase the level of their physical activity.


METHODS
We provided 27 sedentary type 2 diabetes patients with a smartphone-based pedometer and a personal plan for physical activity. Patients were sent short message service messages to encourage physical activity between once a day and once per week. Messages were personalized through a Reinforcement Learning algorithm so as to improve each participant's compliance with the activity regimen. The algorithm was compared with a static policy for sending messages and weekly reminders.


RESULTS
Our results show that participants who received messages generated by the learning algorithm increased the amount of activity and pace of walking, whereas the control group patients did not. Patients assigned to the learning algorithm group experienced a superior reduction in blood glucose levels (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) compared with control policies, and longer participation caused greater reductions in blood glucose levels. The learning algorithm improved gradually in predicting which messages would lead participants to exercise.


CONCLUSIONS
Mobile phone apps coupled with a learning algorithm can improve adherence to exercise in diabetic patients. This algorithm can be used in large populations of diabetic patients to improve health and glycemic control. Our results can be expanded to other areas where computer-led health coaching of humans may have a positive impact. Summary of a part of this manuscript has been previously published as a letter in Diabetes Care, 2016.
First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial).

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin, or nuchal translucency size are associated with obstetric complications.


STUDY DESIGN
Data were obtained from the First and Second Trimester Evaluation of Risk trial. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin levels were analyzed, and nuchal translucency was measured between 10 weeks 3 days and 13 weeks 6 days of gestation in 34,271 pregnancies.


RESULTS
Women with pregnancy-associated plasma protein A of < or =5th percentile were significantly more likely to experience spontaneous fetal loss at < or =24 weeks of gestation, low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm birth ( P < .001) and stillbirth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and placental abruption ( P < .02). Nuchal translucency at > or =99th percentile and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin at < or =1st percentile were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous loss at < or =24 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratios, 3.90, 3.62, respectively; P < .001).


CONCLUSION
Low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A levels in the first trimester were associated strongly with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Low free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin levels and large nuchal translucency were both associated with early fetal loss.
Regional Ionosphere Mapping with Kriging and Multiquadric Methods

This paper demonstrates the concept and practical examples of instantaneous mapping of regional ionosphere, based on GPS observations from the State of Ohio continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network. Interpolation/prediction techniques, such as kriging (KR) and the Multiquadric Model (MQ), which are suitable for handling multi-scale phenomena and unevenly distributed data, were used to create total electron content (TEC) maps. Their computational efficiency (especially the MQ technique) and the ability to handle undersampled data (especially kriging) are particularly attractive. Presented here are the preliminary results based on GPS observations collected at five Ohio CORS stations (~100 km station separation and 1-second sampling rate). Dual frequency carrier phase and code GPS observations were used. A zero-difference approach was used for absolute TEC recovery. The quality of the ionosphere representation was tested by comparison to the International GPS Service (IGS) Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs), which were used as a reference.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides—Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake and Generation of Delivery Systems

The successful clinical application of nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies has been limited by the poor delivery efficiency achieved by existing vectors. The development of alternative delivery systems for improved biological activity is, therefore, mandatory. Since the seminal observations two decades ago that the Tat protein, and derived peptides, can translocate across biological membranes, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been considered one of the most promising tools to improve non-invasive cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Despite extensive research on the use of CPPs for this purpose, the exact mechanisms underlying their cellular uptake and that of peptide conjugates remain controversial. Over the last years, our research group has been focused on the S413-PV cell-penetrating peptide, a prototype of this class of peptides that results from the combination of 13-amino-acid cell penetrating sequence derived from the Dermaseptin S4 peptide with the SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal. By performing an extensive biophysical and biochemical characterization of this peptide and its analogs, we have gained important insights into the mechanisms governing the interaction of CPPs with cells and their translocation across biological membranes. More recently, we have started to explore this peptide for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids (plasmid DNA, siRNA and oligonucleotides). In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides, including the S413-PV peptide, and the potential of peptide-based formulations to mediate nucleic acid delivery.
Discrete event simulation for shop floor control

This paper describes an application of discrete event simulation for shop floor control for a flexible manufacturing system. In this application, the simulation is used not only as an analysis and evaluation tool, but also as a “task generator” for the specification of shop floor control tasks. Using this approach, the effort applied to the development of the simulation is not duplicated in the development of the control system. Instead, the same control logic is used for the control system as was used for the simulation. Additionally, since the simulation implements the control, it provides very high fidelity performance predictions. Implementation experience in two flexible manufacturing laboratories is described. These implementations use a special feature of the Arena/SIMAN simulation language which allows Arena/SIMAN to interact directly with the shop floor control system through an interprocess communication mechanism. This feature is described in detail in this paper.
A SPAD-Based Photon Detecting System for Optical Communications

A small array of single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process to test a new photon detecting system for optical communications. First numerical results are presented which show that using arrays of SPADs reduces the optical power density required at the receiver. Experimental results then show that the new system preserves the photon counting ability of the SPADs. Finally a simple method is presented which can be used to estimate the size of array needed to achieve a particular target bit error rate at a specific optical power density. Together these results indicate that by replacing the avalanche photodiode in a receiver with the new system it will be possible to count the received photons.
Plasma-Assisted Combustion System Based on Nonsteady-State Gas-Discharge Plasma Torch

This paper describes the experiments with the plasma-assisted combustion system as applied to gaseous hydrocarbons. The system is based on a nonsteady-state gas-discharge plasmatron with a low average current. One of the subjects of the investigations is to elucidate a correlation between the discharge burning regimes in the plasmatron and the properties of the torch flame in the combustion chamber. Depending on the gas-discharge regimes and plasmatron design, the conditions of complete hydrocarbon combustion and partial oxidation have been demonstrated. Aside from that, the data on testing a special power supply intentionally developed for nonsteady discharge powering are presented.
Alternative factor specifications, security characteristics, and the cross-section of expected stock returns

We examine the relation between stock returns, measures of risk, and several non-risk security characteristics, including the book-to-market ratio, firm size, the stock price, the dividend yield, and lagged returns. Our primary objective is to determine whether non-risk characteristics have marginal explanatory power relative to the arbitrage pricing theory benchmark, with factors determined using, in turn, the Connor and Korajczyk (CK; 1988) and the Fama and French (FF; 1993b) approaches. Fama—MacBeth-type regressions using risk adjusted returns provide evidence of return momentum, size, and book-to-market effects, together with a significant and negative relation between returns and trading volume, even after accounting for the CK factors. When the analysis is repeated using the FF factors, we find that the size and book-to-market effects are attenuated, while the momentum and trading volume effects persist. In addition, Nasdaq stocks show significant underperformance after adjusting for risk using either method. ( 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12; G14
The development of sexual orientation in women.

Throughout this century, most theorizing and empirical research about women's sexual orientation have been guided by a belief in the essential masculinity of lesbians and the femininity of heterosexual women. This view can be traced to the influential inversion theories of 19th-century sexologists such as Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Havelock Ellis. Viewing heterosexuality as the biological norm, these scholars believed that homosexuality results from a biological abnormality that leads to gender-atypical ("inverted") sexual attractions and personality. Although there were differences among the various inversion theories, they shared three core elements. First and foremost, inversion theorists characterized heterosexual women as feminine and lesbians as masculine. In Psychopathia Sexualis, Krafft-Ebing (1908/1950, pp. 398-400) described the most extreme form of female homosexuality as a woman who "possesses of the feminine qualities only the genital organs; thought, sentiment, action, even external appearances are those of the man." A second core belief was that sexual orientation is primarily biological in origin. As Meyer-Bahlburg (1984, p. 375) noted, the inversion model has been "the concept guiding biological explanations of homosexuality" throughout this century. A third belief implicit in inversion theories was that social, cultural, and experiential factors have negligible influence on women's sexual orientation. The impact of this perspective has been widespread, especially in psychology, and continues to this day. The thesis of this review is that the cumulative body of empirical research on women's sexual orientation refutes each of the main inversion assumptions. In the following sections we review this research literature. Next we present an alternative perspective on women's sexual orientation, the intimate careers framework, which is compatible with available research findings, and we identify promising directions for future research. This review focuses exclusively on women. Empirical evidence
Obesity and perioperative pulmonary complications in robotic gynecologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE
Robotic gynecological surgery is feasible in obese patients, but there remain concerns about the safety of this approach because the positioning required for pelvic surgery can exacerbate obesity-related changes in respiratory physiology. The objective of our study was to evaluate pulmonary and all-cause complication rates in obese women undergoing robotic gynecological surgery and to assess variables that may be associated with complications.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective chart review was performed on obese patients (body mass index of ≥30 kg/m(2)) who underwent robotic gynecological surgery at 2 academic institutions between 2006 and 2012. The primary outcome was pulmonary complications and the secondary outcome was all-cause complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between patient baseline variables, operative variables, ventilator parameters, and complications.


RESULTS
Of 1032 patients, 146 patients (14%) had any complication, whereas only 33 patients (3%) had a pulmonary complication. Median body mass index was 37 kg/m(2). Only age was significantly associated with a higher risk of pulmonary complications (P = .01). Older age, higher estimated blood loss, and longer case length were associated with a higher rate of all-cause complications (P = .0001, P < .0001, and P = .004, respectively). No other covariates were strongly associated with complications.


CONCLUSION
The vast majority of obese patients can successfully tolerate robotic gynecological surgery and have overall low complications rates and even lower rates of pulmonary complications. The degree of obesity was not predictive of successful robotic surgery and subsequent complications.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on chronic gastritis during omeprazole therapy.

BACKGROUND
We have previously observed that profound acid suppressive therapy in Helicobacter pylori positive patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is associated with increased corpus inflammation and accelerated development of atrophic gastritis.


AIM
To investigate if H pylori eradication at the start of acid suppressive therapy prevents the development of these histological changes.


PATIENTS/METHODS
In a prospective randomised case control study, patients with reflux oesophagitis were treated with omeprazole 40 mg once daily for 12 months. H pylori positive patients were randomised to additional double blind treatment with omeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or placebo for one week. Biopsy sampling for histology, scored according to the updated Sydney classification, and culture were performed at baseline, and at three and 12 months.


RESULTS
In the persistently H pylori positive group (n=24), active inflammation increased in the corpus and decreased in the antrum during therapy (p=0.032 and p=0.002, respectively). In contrast, in the H pylori positive group that became H pylori negative as a result of treatment (n=33), active and chronic inflammation in both the corpus and antrum decreased (p<or =0.0001). The decrease in active and chronic inflammation in the corpus differed significantly compared with the persistently H pylori positive group (both p=0.001). For atrophy scores, no significant differences were observed between H pylori eradicated and persistently H pylori positive patients within one year of follow up. No changes were observed in the H pylori negative control group (n=26).


CONCLUSIONS
H pylori eradication prevents the increase in corpus gastritis associated with profound acid suppressive therapy. Longer follow up is needed to determine if H pylori eradication prevents the development of atrophic gastritis.
Effects of different training modalities on circulating anabolic/catabolic markers in chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a result of increased catabolism induced by proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and decreased anabolism due to alterations in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH) axis. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of 3 different training modalities (endurance training, strength training, and combined strength and endurance training [CT]) on circulating cytokines, IGF-1, and GH levels.


METHODS
Patients with CHF (N = 45), NYHA class II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 training modalities. They trained for 40 sessions, 3 times weekly. Fifteen CHF patients served as a control group. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last training session.


RESULTS
There was a significant decrease in circulating IL-6 with all 3 training modalities. Tumor necrosis factor α levels decreased in the training groups and reached statistical significance for the CT group. No change was observed in the control group. There was no difference between the 4 groups. When comparing all trained patients with the control group, the decrease in IL-6 was significant. Concerning IGF-1 and GH, there was no change with training and no change in the control group.


CONCLUSION
Exercise training has no effects on circulating IGF-1 and GH. The decreases in cytokines are evident only when all trained patients are compared with the control group, independently of the modality of training intervention.
A novel red-emitting K2Ca(PO4)F:Eu2+ phosphor with a large Stokes shift.

We report a K2CaPO4F:Eu2+ phosphor with a new crystal structure. This phosphor has a large Stokes shift and converts near-ultraviolet light to red luminescence without absorption of other visible light. The mechanism was elucidated by applying a constrained density functional theory to the solved crystal structure.