LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Iceland rising : Solid Earth response to ice retreat inferred from satellite radar interferometry and visocelastic modeling

[1] A broad uplift occurs in Iceland in response to the retreat of ice caps, which began circa 1890. Until now, this deformation signal has been measured primarily using GPS at points some distance away from the ice caps. Here, for the first time we use satellite radar interferometry (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) to constrain uplift of the ground all the way up to the edge of the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. This allows for improved constraints on the Earth rheology, both the thickness of the uppermost Earth layer that responds only in an elastic manner and the viscosity below it. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar velocities indicate a maximum displacement rate of 24 4 and 31 4 mm/yr at the edge of Vatnajökull, during 1995–2002 and 2004–2009, respectively. The fastest rates occur at outlet glaciers of low elevation where ice retreat is high. We compare the observations with glacial isostatic adjustment models that include the deglaciation history of the Icelandic ice caps since 1890 and two Earth layers. Using a Bayesian approach, we derived probability density functions for the average Earth model parameters for three satellite tracks. Based on our assumptions, the three best fit models give elastic thicknesses in the range of 15–40 km, and viscosities ranging from 4–10 10 Pa s.
The mucosal barrier at implant abutments of different materials.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to analyze the soft tissue barrier formed to implant abutments made of different materials.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Six Labrador dogs, about 1 year old, were used. All mandibular premolars and the first, second and third maxillary premolars were extracted. Three months later four implants (OsseoSpeed, 4.5 x 9 mm, Astra Tech Dental, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in the edentulous premolar region on one side of the mandible and healing abutments were connected. One month later, the healing abutments were disconnected and four new abutments were placed in a randomized order. Two of the abutments were made of titanium (Ti), while the remaining abutments were made of ZrO(2) or AuPt-alloy. A 5-months plaque control program was initiated. Three months after implant surgery, the implant installation procedure and the subsequent abutment shift were repeated in the contra-lateral mandibular region. Two months later, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies containing the implant and the surrounding soft and hard peri-implant tissues were collected and prepared for histological analysis.


RESULTS
It was demonstrated that the soft tissue dimensions at Ti- and ZrO(2) abutments remained stable between 2 and 5 months of healing. At Au/Pt-alloy abutment sites, however, an apical shift of the barrier epithelium and the marginal bone occurred between 2 and 5 months of healing. In addition, the 80-mum-wide connective tissue zone lateral to the Au/Pt-alloy abutments contained lower amounts of collagen and fibroblasts and larger fractions of leukocytes than the corresponding connective tissue zone of abutments made of Ti and ZrO(2).


CONCLUSION
It is suggested that the soft tissue healing to abutments made of titanium and ZrO(2) is different to that at abutments made of AuPt-alloy.
Emotion processing in schizophrenia is state and trait dependent

BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence exists about emotion processing (EP) impairments in schizophrenia patients. However, whether these deficits are present primarily during psychosis (i.e., state dependent) or an integral part of the disorder (i.e., trait dependent) remains unclear.


METHODS
EP was assessed with the degraded facial affect recognition task in schizophrenia patients (N=521) and healthy controls (N=312) at baseline (T1) and after a three year follow-up (T2). In schizophrenia patients symptomatic remission was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) remission tool. Patients were divided into four groups: remission T1 and remission T2 (RR); remission T1 and non-remission T2 (RN); non-remission T1 and non-remission T2 (NN) and non-remission T1 and remission T2 (NR). Factorial repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare EP performance over time between groups. Age, gender and general cognition were included as covariates.


RESULTS
Schizophrenia patients performed worse than healthy controls on EP at T1 (p=0.001). The patients that were in symptomatic remission at both time points (the RR group) performed worse than the healthy controls at T2 (p<0.001). Significant group×time interactions were found between RR and RN (p=0.001), and between NR and RN (p=0.04), indicating a differential EP performance over time. No group×time interaction was found between NN and NR.


CONCLUSION
The results show relatively poor EP performance in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. EP performance in schizophrenia patients was associated with symptomatic remission. The results provide support for the hypothesis that EP deficits in schizophrenia are both state and trait dependent.
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids against commensal, probiotic and pathogenic bacteria.

Phenolic acids (benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids) are the most abundant phenolic structures found in fecal water. As an approach towards the exploration of their action in the gut, this paper reports the antimicrobial activity of thirteen phenolic acids towards Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 was inhibited by only four of the phenolic acids tested at a concentration of 1000 microg/mL, whereas pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 (CECT 5947) was susceptible to ten of them. The genetically manipulated E. coli lpxC/tolC strain was highly susceptible to phenolic acids. The growth of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus paraplantarum LCH7, Lactobacillus plantarum LCH17, Lactobacillus fermentum LPH1, L. fermentum CECT 5716, Lactobacillus brevis LCH23, and Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT 5711) and pathogens (S. aureus EP167 and C. albicans MY1055) was also inhibited by phenolic acids, but to varying extents. Only P. aeruginosa PAO1 was not susceptible to any of the phenolic compounds tested. Structure-activity relationships of phenolic acids and some of their diet precursors [(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin] were established, based on multivariate analysis of microbial activities. The antimicrobial properties of phenolic acids reported in this paper might be relevant in vivo.
Analysis of Types of Self-Improving Software

Software capable of improving itself has been a dream of computer scientists since the inception of the field. In this work we provide definitions for Recursively Self-Improving software, survey different types of self-improving software, and provide a review of the relevant literature. Finally, we address security implications from self-improving intelligent software.
Interactive Digital Learning Materials for Kindergarten Students in Bangladesh

Traditional education system for preschool children is not updated in Bangladesh. Generally, parents and teachers are tried to teach children by introducing first alphabet and numbers in the form of text books. Sometimes it is quite difficult for teachers to teach play group about their first learning when they are not interested with it. The pedagogy of teaching and learning is changed with the proliferation of communication technology and it is necessary to develop interactive learning materials for children that may improve their learning, catching, and memorizing capabilities. Perhaps, one of the most important innovations in the age of technology is multimedia and its application. It is imperative to create high quality and realistic leaning environment for children. Interactive learning materials can be easier to understand and deal with their first learning. We developed some interactive learning materials in the form of video for playgroup using multimedia application tools. This study investigated the impact of student’s abilities to acquire new knowledge or skills through interactive learning materials. We visited one kindergartens (Nursery schools), interviewed class teachers about their teaching methods and level of students’ ability of recognizing English alphabets, pictures etc. The course teachers were provided interactive learning materials to show their playgroups for a number of sessions. The video included English alphabets with related words and pictures, and motivational funs. We noticed that almost all children were very interested to interact with their leaning video. The students were assesses individually and asked to recognize the alphabets, and pictures. The students adapted with their first alphabets very quickly. However, there were individual differences in their cognitive development. This interactive multimedia can be an alternative to traditional pedagogy for teaching playgroups. Keywords— Multimedia, interactive learning materials, IT, Kindergarten, Education system
Access control in user hierarchy based on elliptic curve cryptosystem

This work proposes a novel key management method based on elliptic curve cryptosystem and one-way hash function to solve dynamic access problems in a user hierarchy. The proposed scheme attempts to derive the secret key of successors efficiently and non-redundantly. It includes functions such as insertion and removal of classes, updating of their relationships, and changing of secret keys. The method utilizes a Central Authority, which enables a user to change the secret key at will conveniently. Since the proposed method uses the elliptic curve cryptosystem which has a low computational cost and small key size, its performance in terms of both security and efficiency is quite commendable. Therefore, it can be anticipated that its use will be extended to wireless communication in the future. 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
On the temperature dependence of the rate of energy transfer between rare earth ions in solids

Abstract We have conducted a number of experiments in order to ascertain the temperature dependence of the rate of energy transfer between rare earth ions in solids. The mechanism of such dependence is peculiar to each donoracceptor pair. We report typical examples and point to some criteria that emerge from our studies.
The Limbourg Brothers: Reflections on the Origins and the Legacy of Three Illuminators from Nijmegen

Rob Duckers & Pieter Roelofs - Introduction: The Homecoming of the Limbourg Brothers Victor M. Schmidt, Some Portraits by Johan Maelwael, Painter of the Dukesof Burgundy Margaret Lawson, The Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duke of Berry Manuscript and the Question of the Artists' 'Hands' Stephen Perkinson, Likeness, Loyalty, and the Life of the Court Artist: Portraiture in the Calendar Scenes of the Tres Riches Heures Hanneke van Asperen, A Pilgrim's Additions. Traces of Pilgrimage in the Belles Heures of Jean de Berry Eberhard Konig, Was kann man aus den Belles Heures uber die Limburgs lernen? Eine nun gut bekannte Handschrift Herman Th. Colenbrander, Guelders-France. Another Connection around 1400 Rob Duckers, A Close Encounter? The Limbourg Brothers and Illumination in the Northern Netherlands in the First Half of the Fifteenth Century Gregory T. Clark, The Master of Guillebert de Mets, Philip the Good, and the Breviary of John the Fearless Notes on Contributors
Palaeoproterozoic (1740 Ma) rift-related volcanism in the Hekla Sund region, eastern North Greenland: field occurrence, geochemistry and tectonic setting

Abstract Two Palaeoproterozoic volcanic successions, the Hekla Sund (HS) Formation and the Aage Berthelsen Gletscher (AaB) Gletscher Formation, occur within the Caledonian orogen of eastern North Greenland. They consist mainly of mafic pillow lavas, deformed and metamorphosed under greenschist-facies conditions during the Caledonian orogeny. Zircons from a rhyolitic ignimbrite in the HS Formation have yielded an age of 1740±6 Ma. In both formations the volcanic rocks are intercalated with immature sandstones and conglomerates that accumulated in the vicinity of active fault scarps; a shallow marine, rifted basin is implied. Relative concentrations of the more immobile minor and trace elements (Ti, Zr, Nb, Y and rare-earth elements) in both rock suites were unaffected by the metamorphism. Fractional crystallisation of olivine, clinopyroxene and, probably, plagioclase, as well as assimilation of crustal rocks was involved in the petrogenesis of the HS Formation. The AaB basalts have higher Mg, Ni and Cr and lower concentrations of incompatible elements than the rocks of the HS Formation, and they could be regarded as more primitive products of the same magmatic event. However, marked differences in incompatible trace element ratios in the two suites are unlikely to reflect either differences in fractionation histories or variable contamination, and suggest compositional differences in the mantle source rocks. Basalts from the two formations have distinct e Nd values (−4.6 and −4.8 for the HS Formation, −5.9–−5.6 for the AaB Gletscher Formation), which is consistent with this interpretation. The volcanic rocks at HS and AaB Gletscher were erupted shortly after a long period of orogenic activity between 2000 and 1750 Ma ago. Following post-orogenic emplacement of granites at ca. 1750–1740 Ma, uplift and erosion took place, and accumulation of extensive immature sediments occurred simultaneously with formation of the volcanic rocks described in this paper. The magmatism that gave rise to the two formations may have been caused by melting during lithospheric extension.
Electrically Tunable Antenna Design Procedure for Mobile Applications

Using a high-efficiency tunable antenna to cover a large bandwidth with low return loss is an interesting topic, especially in the case when the physical sizes of the mobile phone and antenna are too small to allow for the coverage of the full band. The limitations of tunable antennas are their losses and the nonlinearity introduced by the tuning devices. A design procedure for the tunable mobile antennas is presented, which accounts for the nonlinearity suppression. Following this procedure, a low-loss tunable digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) antenna has been designed and fabricated to cover the DVB-H band (470-702 MHz) with a return loss below 7 dB. This antenna exhibits a small volume of only 6 cm3 . Despite the high-power signal from the extended global system for mobile communication transmitter on the same printed circuit board and the nonlinear tuning devices, this antenna is highly linear.
RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas 9 " ( 2013 ) , by Prashant Mali

In 2013, George Church and his colleagues at Harvard University [2] in Cambridge, Massachusetts published "RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas 9," in which they detailed their use of RNA-guided Cas 9 to genetically modify genes [3] in human cells. Researchers use RNA-guided Cas 9 technology to modify the genetic information of organisms, DNA, by targeting specific sequences of DNA and subsequently replacing those targeted sequences with different DNA sequences. Church and his team used RNA-guided Cas 9 technology to edit the genetic information in human cells. Church and his colleagues also created a database that identified 190,000 unique guide RNAs for targeting almost half of the human genome [4] that codes for proteins. In "RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas 9," the authors demonstrated that RNA-guided Cas 9 was a robust and simple tool for genetic engineering, which has enabled scientists to more easily manipulate genomes for the study of biological processes and genetic diseases.
Book reviews - A history of engineering and science in the bell system, National service in war and peace

IEEE Control Systems Magazine is a new magazine for the control systems society. We hope that it will be an effective channel of communication among the members of the Society. I am honored to be asked to serve as an associate editor for book reviews of this magazine. This will become a reality only with your help. I would like to ask each one of you who is in the teaching profession to consider the following: suppose you teach a course directly related to our members’ interests (optimal control, estimation, identification, digital control, optimization, operations research, stochastic control, control applications, ...I and you are using a recent text; would it be very difficult for you to sit down after the semester is over and write two to three pages reviewing the text? You could certainly include the students’ reactions to the selected text. This would not be very difficult and I hope you seriously consider the above thought. This will be an excellent service for our colleagues and a great help to those who are in the teaching profession. Therefore, I would ask that, after the end of each semester when you had used a new text (or a text which you think has not been reviewed), that you take one to two hours to write a book review and send it to me. I would also appreciate it very much if those members of the society who have been reading and using a book directly related to the interests of the society could take some time to write down their thoughts about the book and mail them to me. In this way, those members which have chosen an academic career will have a chance to hear the opinion of those who are making theory work everyday. I know that with your help, the book reviews section will be an integral and successful part of our new magazine. Peter P. Groumpos, Associate Editor CSM Book Reviews Department of Electrical Engineering Cleveland State University Cleveland, Ohio 44115 (216) 687-2592
Investigating Backtranslation in Neural Machine Translation

A prerequisite for training corpus-based machine translation (MT) systems – either Statistical MT (SMT) or Neural MT (NMT) – is the availability of high-quality parallel data. This is arguably more important today than ever before, as NMT has been shown in many studies to outperform SMT, but mostly when large parallel corpora are available; in cases where data is limited, SMT can still outperform NMT. Recently researchers have shown that back-translating monolingual data can be used to create synthetic parallel corpora, which in turn can be used in combination with authentic parallel data to train a highquality NMT system. Given that large collections of new parallel text become available only quite rarely, backtranslation has become the norm when building state-of-the-art NMT systems, especially in resource-poor scenarios. However, we assert that there are many unknown factors regarding the actual effects of back-translated data on the translation capabilities of an NMT model. Accordingly, in this work we investigate how using back-translated data as a training corpus – both as a separate standalone dataset as well as combined with human-generated parallel data – affects the performance of an NMT model. We use incrementally larger amounts of back-translated data to train a range of NMT systems for Germanc © 2018 The authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 licence, no derivative works, attribution, CCBY-ND. to-English, and analyse the resulting translation performance.
4-bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter design using CMOS-LTE Comparator

This paper proposes 4-bit, 1.8V Flash Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) design using CMOS-LTE (CMOS Linear Tunable Transcoductance Element) Comparator with 500nm technology. Reference voltages are generated by systematically sizing the transistors of the comparators, thus completely eliminating the resistive ladder network required for the architecture. The PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio) results obtained are compared with 4-bit TIQ (Threshold Inverter Quantizer) Comparator Flash Analog to Digital Converter designed with 500nm technology. It is observed that, with the use of CMOS-LTE Comparator PSRR is improved. The DC simulation results of CMOS-LTE Comparator ADC shows DNL and INL of +0.16/−0.16 LSB and +0.16/−0.104 LSB. The total power dissipation observed is 0.28753 mW.
Findings in uterine biopsies obtained by laparotomy from bitches with unexplained infertility or pregnancy loss: an observational study.

Surgical uterine biopsies (SUBs) were obtained by laparotomy from 14 bitches with unexplained infertility whose pregnancy was not confirmed (NCP group) and from 7 bitches that had experienced unexplained pregnancy loss (PL). SUBs were obtained during the luteal phase of the cycle in 16 of 21 bitches. Overall, the biopsied uterine tissues presented obvious alterations in 17 of 21 cases. In the NCP group, 11 of 14 bitches had varying degrees of uterine lesions. In this group, six of nine bitches with macroscopically normal uteri presented histopathologic changes in the endometrium. All bitches with macroscopic modifications (five of 14) presented endometrial changes. Cytologic examination of the uterine fluid revealed eosinophilic amorphous material, erythrocytes, and a low number of degenerated leukocytes. On histopathologic examination, the most common lesion was fibrosis with degeneration of the endometrial glands (FDEGs six of 11), followed by endometritis (four of 11), cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) (two of 11) and pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) (two of 11). Other lesions were adenomyosis, mucometra, and an endometrial polyp (one each of 11). Mixed lesions were present in four of the 11 bitches. In the PL group, macroscopic modifications consisted of intraluminal uterine dilatation (seven of seven) and presence of ovarian cysts (three of 7). Cytologic examination of the uterine content revealed high leukocyte counts. Histopathologic endometrial changes were found in six of seven bitches and included endometritis (three of seven), PEH (two of 6), pyometra (one of six), and CEH together with mucometra (one of six). Research of infectious agents was performed in 20 of 21 cases. Surprisingly, no bacteria or viruses were isolated from the uterine lumen in any of the cases. When the SUB was performed in diestrus, a medical treatment with aglepristone or with prostaglandins was established to avoid the risk of postoperative-induced pyometra. One case of complete uterine stenosis was the only side effect observed in the bitches that were not ovariohysterectomized after the collection of a biopsy (17 of 21). In conclusion, the most common findings in our biopsy specimens were FDEGs, endometritis, and hyperplastic remodeling of the endometrium (CEH and PEH). SUBs might provide useful information regarding the cause of infertility or PL. This technique allows visual inspection and palpation of the whole uterus and ovaries before the selection of a precise site for the biopsy. The size of the tissue sample collected can be large enough for an accurate diagnosis and samples for research of infectious agents can be obtained with no risk of contamination. Risk of side effects seems low when SUBs are performed according to this protocol, including postsurgery treatment with aglepristone or prostaglandins.