LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Wormholes No More? Localized Wormhole Detection and Prevention in Wireless Networks

A number of protocols have been proposed to date to defend against wormhole attacks in wireless networks by adopting synchronized clocks, positioning devices, or directional antennas. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for detecting wormhole attacks. The proposed algorithm is completely localized and works by looking for simple evidence that no attack is taking place, using only connectivity information as implied by the underlying communication graph, and total absence of coordination. Unlike many existing techniques, it does not use any specialized hardware, making it extremely useful for real-world scenarios. Most importantly, however, the algorithm can always prevent wormholes, irrespective of the density of the network, while its efficiency is not affected even by frequent connectivity changes. We also provide an analytical evaluation of the algorithm’s correctness along with an implementation on real sensor devices that demonstrates its efficiency in terms of memory requirements and processing overhead.
Building interactive modeling for construction education in virtual worlds

The number of design and construction professionals who are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) is rapidly growing and simultaneously the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) community is faced with the challenge of remote collaboration as offshore outsourcing continues to grow. While BIM facilitates information sharing between AEC professionals via purpose-built three-dimensional (3D), 4D design, analysis, evaluation, and documentation models, the communication of such 3D data-rich models if often fragmented and typically limits real-time communication and interaction of users who may be geographically dispersed and/or lack the modeling and analyses skills to interact with these models. AEC education needs to expose students to these emerging practice changes while finding new ways to more effectively address the fundamentals of design and construction. Virtual worlds – in this research the Second Life platform – have the potential to address the communication issues and effectively complement traditional teaching approaches and furthermore integrate with BIM to enhance construction education. Nevertheless, despite the potential benefits of virtual worlds, various obstacles exist. This paper presents the concept of Building interactive Modeling (BiM) which complements the capabilities of BIM with social interaction to enhance collaborative information and knowledge sharing. Role-playing scenarios developed in Second Life demonstrate specific opportunities of BiM.
Clinical Pharmacology and Economics of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in End-Stage Renal Disease : The Case for Subcutaneous Administration 1

The clinical pharmacology of human recombinant erythropoietin (epoetin) was studied in order to compare the effectiveness of various routes and dosing schedules in dialysis patients. Thirty-six patients received epoietin beta three times a week i.v. for at least 12 wk. The mean dose needed to achieve target hemoglobin was 225 ± 36 U/kg per week (median dose, 180 U/kg per week). Twenty-eight of 36 patients who were converted to a once-a-week i.v. schedule increased their requirements to 429 ± 50 U/kg per week in order to maintain a target hematocrit of 33 to 40 vol%. Twelve of 28 patients could maintain their target hematocrit when dosed once a week s.c. at 84 ± 10 U/kg. The other 16 patients required 137 ± 15 U/kg per week divided into two doses. In the entire group of 28 patients, the weekly requirement for epoetin was reduced by 50% when the s.c. route was used two or three times a week. Pharmacokinetic studies performed during chronic therapy indicated rapid clearance of erythropoietin (t#{189}of 6.8 ± 0.3 h). Single i.v. doses >150 U/kg were required to increase basal erythropoietin by 30 mU/ 1 Received January 30, 1991. Accepted October 29, 1991. 2 Correspondence to Dr. A. Besarab, Room 1028A College Building, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine. 1015 Walnut Street. Philadelphia, PA 19107. 1046-6673/0209-1405$03.00/0 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Copyright C 1992 by the American Society of Nephrology ml at 44 h postdosing. With s.c. dosing, such increments in erythropoietin levels frequently persisted beyond 60 h because of prolonged and slow absorption. Pharmacokinetic simulations in conjunction with clinical correlation of the erythropoietic response suggest that the duration that the erythropoietin levels are maintained, and not the absolute peaks, is the primary determinant of efficacy. This may result from nonlinearity in the dose response. Pharmacokinetic simulation also indicated that iv. dosing could not maintain adequate interdialytic erythropoietin levels, whereas s.c. dosing could. Cost analysis indicated that the use of s.c. dosing two or three times a week at an average total weekly dose of I I 0 to I 20 U/kg is effective treatment of anemia in most dialysis patients.
Increasing the solar photovoltaic energy capture on sunny and cloudy days

This report analyzes an extensive set of measurements of the solar irradiance made using four identical solar arrays and associated solar sensors (collectively referred to as solar collectors) with different tilt angles relative to the earth’s surface, and thus the position of the sun, in order to determine an optimal tracking algorithm for capturing solar radiation. The study included a variety of ambient conditions including different seasons and both cloudy and cloud-free conditions. One set of solar collectors was always approximately pointed directly toward the sun (DTS) for a period around solar noon. These solar collectors thus captured the direct beam component of the solar radiation that predominates on sunny days. We found that on sunny days, solar collectors with a DTS configuration captured more solar energy in accordance with the well-known cosine dependence for the response of a flat-surfaced solar collector to the angle of incidence with direct beam radiation. In particular, a DTS orientation was found to capture up to twice as much solar energy as a horizontal (H) orientation in which the array is tilted toward the zenith. Another set of solar collectors always had an H orientation, and this best captured the diffuse component of the solar radiation that predominates on cloudy days. The dependence of the H/DTS ratio on the solar-collector tilt angle was in approximate agreement with the Isotropic Diffuse Model derived for heavily overcast conditions. During cloudy periods, we found that an H configuration increased the solar energy capture by nearly 40% compared to a DTS configuration during the same period, and we estimate the solar energy increase of an H configuration over a system that tracks the obscured solar disk could reach 50% over a whole heavily-overcast day. On an annual basis the increase is predicted to be much less, typically only about 1%, because the contribution of cloudy days to the total annual solar energy captured by a photovoltaic system is small. These results are consistent with the solar tracking algorithm optimized for cloudy conditions that we proposed in an earlier report and that was based on a much smaller data set. Improving the harvesting of solar energy on cloudy days deserves wider attention due to increasing efforts to utilize renewable solar energy. In particular, increasing the output of distributed solar power systems on cloudy days is important to developing solarpowered home fueling and charging systems for hydrogen-powered fuel-cell electric and battery-powered vehicles, respectively, because it reduces the system size and cost for solar power systems that are designed to have sufficient energy output on the worst (cloudy) days. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Rise of Quantum Mechanics

The rise of quantum mechanics is reviewed with special attention to the development between June 1925 and October 1927 when the Copenhagen interpretation was proposed.
Improvement in cardiac adrenergic function post biventricular pacing for heart failure.

AIMS
We investigated whether biventricular (BiV) pacing favourably affects cardiac sympathetic activity in heart failure (HF).


METHODS AND RESULTS
In 10 HF patients treated with BiV pacing, we assessed cardiac sympathetic activity by metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) imaging. Patients were randomized in a double-blinded crossover fashion, for two weeks of either inactivation of BiV pacing or BiV pacing, with crossover to the alternate group for a further two weeks. After randomization blocks, cardiac (123)I-MIBG imaging and a 6 min walk test were performed. BiV pacing was associated with significant improvements in cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake reflected by increases in early (BiV 1.71 +/- 0.09 vs. non-BiV 1.63 +/- 0.06, P = 0.03) and late (at 4 h) heart to mediastinal ratio of uptake (BiV 1.54 +/- 0.08 vs. non-BiV 1.45 +/- 0.06, P = 0.03). Additionally, pulmonary (123)I-MIBG uptake, measured as lung to mediastinal ratio, significantly improved (P = 0.009). Six-minute walk and systolic blood pressure tended to improve with BiV vs. non-BiV pacing (P = 0.09).


CONCLUSION
In patients with stable HF, BiV pacing is associated with long-term improvements in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, as reflected by improvements in cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake. This is a potential mechanism for morbidity and mortality benefits observed in larger studies.
Carotid stenosis: change of treatment plan based on repeat duplex ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to evaluate the change in the treatment plan observed when clinical decisions are made based on initial carotid duplex ultrasonography (DU) performed at an outside center before surgical consultation versus those made based on DU performed in a dedicated vascular laboratory.


METHODS
A prospective study of patients who underwent initial DU at an outside facility and repeat DU in a dedicated vascular laboratory for evaluation of carotid stenosis was performed. Initial DU was compared with repeat DU to evaluate clinical impact.


RESULTS
Ninety-six consecutive patients were evaluated. Disagreement between initial DU and repeat DU was observed in 27.1% of patients. This disagreement led to a change of treatment plan in 23 of 146 (15.8%) carotid arteries studied.


CONCLUSIONS
Reliance on 1 DU in clinical practice, when performed outside a dedicated vascular laboratory, may lead to both unnecessary surgery and missed opportunities for surgery to prevent stroke.
Fusion of electrocardiogram with unobtrusive biometrics: An efficient individual authentication system

This paper explores the effectiveness of a novel multibiometric system that is resulted from the fusion of the electrocardiogram (ECG) with an unobtrusive biometric face and another biometric fingerprint which is known to be a least obtrusive for efficient individual authentication. The unimodal systems of the face and the fingerprint biometrics are neither secure nor they can achieve the optimum performance. Using the ECG signal as one of the biometrics offer advantage to a multibiometric system that ECG is inherited to an individual which is confidential, secured and difficult to be forged. It has an inherent feature of vitality signs that ensures a strong protection against spoof attacks to the system. Transformation based score fusion technique is used to measure the performance of the fused system. In particular, the weighted sum of score rule is used where weights are computed using equal error rate (EER) and match score distributions of the unimodal systems. The performance of the proposed multibiometric system is measured using EER and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results show the optimum performance of the multibiometric system fusing the ECG signal with the face and fingerprint biometrics which is achieved to an EER of 0.22%, as compared to the unimodal systems that have the EER of 10.80%, 4.52% and 2.12%, respectively for the ECG signal, face and fingerprint biometrics. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Direct torque control of open-end winding induction motor drive using the concept of imaginary switching times for marine propulsion systems

This paper proposes a control strategy for marine propulsion systems using the open-end winding configuration of induction motor. It uses the concept of imaginary switching times for space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with direct torque control (DTC). The imaginary switching times greatly simplifies the algorithm. This method also eliminates the procedure for identifying the region for space voltage vector. Also, it does not require the sectors and angle identification of the voltage vector. Two independent two-level inverters feed power from both the ends of the three-phase stator windings. This applies a 3-level line voltage waveform to the machine. This reduces the torque ripple with improvement in current spectrum. In order to restrict the zero sequence currents, two isolated DC sources are considered. Simulation studies have been carried out for the proposed scheme. Experimental results have been presented to validate the viability of the scheme.
Exploratory medical knowledge discovery: experiences and issues

The application of data mining and knowledge discovery techniques to medical and health datasets is a rewarding but highly challenging area. Not only are the datasets large, complex, heterogeneous, hierarchical, time-varying and of varying quality but there exists asubstantial medical knowledge base which demands a robust collaboration between the data miner and the health professional(s) if useful information is to be extracted.This paper presents the experiences of the authors and others in applying exploratory data mining techniques to medical, health and clinical data. In so doing, it elicits a number of general issues and provides pointers to possible areas of future research in data mining and knowledge discovery more broadly.
Essential oils of medicinal plants from the central andes of Argentina: chemical composition, and antifungal, antibacterial, and insect-repellent activities.

The antifungal, antibacterial, and insect-repellent activities of the essential oils (EOs) of Acantholippia seriphioides, Artemisia mendozana, Gymnophyton polycephalum, Satureja parvifolia, Tagetes mendocina, and Lippia integrifolia, collected in the Central Andes area, province of San Juan, Argentina, were investigated. The dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum were inhibited by the EOs of G. polycephalum, L. integrifolia, and S. parvifolia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 31.2 and 1000 μg/ml. Moreover, all EOs presented moderate activity against the bacteria tested, and the L. integrifolia and G. polycephalum EOs showed excellent repellent properties against Triatoma infestans, the Chagas disease vector, with repellency values between 60 and 100%. The A. seriphioides, G. polycephalum, and L. integrifolia EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The highest number of components (40) was identified in L. integrifolia EO, which, along with that of A. seriphioides, contained important amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes (44.35 and 29.72%, resp.). Thymol (27.61%) and carvacrol (13.24%) were the main components of A. seriphioides EO, and borneol, lippifoli-1(6)-en-5-one, and terpinen-4-ol (>8.5%) were the principal compounds of L. integrifolia EO. These results support the idea that oxygenated monoterpenes are the bioactive fractions of the EOs. Finally, the study shows that these Andean species might be used to treat superficial fungal infections and to improve the local Chagas disease situation by vector-control.
Delite: A Compiler Architecture for Performance-Oriented Embedded Domain-Specific Languages

Developing high-performance software is a difficult task that requires the use of low-level, architecture-specific programming models (e.g., OpenMP for CMPs, CUDA for GPUs, MPI for clusters). It is typically not possible to write a single application that can run efficiently in different environments, leading to multiple versions and increased complexity. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are a promising avenue to enable programmers to use high-level abstractions and still achieve good performance on a variety of hardware. This is possible because DSLs have higher-level semantics and restrictions than general-purpose languages, so DSL compilers can perform higher-level optimization and translation. However, the cost of developing performance-oriented DSLs is a substantial roadblock to their development and adoption. In this article, we present an overview of the Delite compiler framework and the DSLs that have been developed with it. Delite simplifies the process of DSL development by providing common components, like parallel patterns, optimizations, and code generators, that can be reused in DSL implementations. Delite DSLs are embedded in Scala, a general-purpose programming language, but use metaprogramming to construct an Intermediate Representation (IR) of user programs and compile to multiple languages (including C++, CUDA, and OpenCL). DSL programs are automatically parallelized and different parts of the application can run simultaneously on CPUs and GPUs. We present Delite DSLs for machine learning, data querying, graph analysis, and scientific computing and show that they all achieve performance competitive to or exceeding C++ code.
Which is more important in Internet shopping, perceived price or trust?

1567-4223/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2011.06.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 10 8976 4410. E-mail addresses: kimhw@yonsei.ac.kr (H.-W. K (Y. Xu), sumeetgupta@ssitm.ac.in (S. Gupta). 1 Tel.: +86 21 2501 1198. 2 Tel.: +91 788 2291621. 3 There are two types of products: search product experience product (i.e., high touch product) (Klein 19 those where there is great variation is product qua luxurious items, and apparels. Search products are th quality does not vary across stores. For example, bo quality and therefore their quality is standard do not v store. Price and trust are considered to be two important factors that influence customer purchasing decisions in Internet shopping. This paper examines the relative influence they have on online purchasing decisions for both potential and repeat customers. The knowledge of their relative impacts and changes in their relative roles over customer transaction experience is useful in developing customized sales strategies to target different groups of customers. The results of this study revealed that perceived trust exerted a stronger effect than perceived price on purchase intentions for both potential and repeat customers of an online store. The results also revealed that perceived price exerted a stronger influence on purchase decisions of repeat customers as compared to that of potential customers. Perceived trust exerted a stronger influence on purchase decisions of potential customers as compared to that of repeat customers. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Utilization of map-reduce for parallelization of resource scheduling using MPI: PRS

Scheduling for speculative parallelization is a problem that remained unsolved despite its importance [2]. In the previous work scheduling was done based on Fixed-Size Chunking (FSC) technique which needed several 'dry-runs' before an acceptable finalized chunk size that will be scheduled to each processors is found. There are many other scheduling methods which were originally designed for loops with no dependences, but they were primarily focused in the problem of load balancing. In this work we address the problem of scheduling tasks with and without dependences for speculative execution. We have found that a complexity between minimizing the number of re-executions and reducing overheads can be found if the size of the scheduled block of iterations is calculated at runtime. We introduce here a scheduling method called Parallelization of Resource scheduling (PRS) in which we first analyze the processing speed of each worker based on that further division of the actual task will be done. The result shows a 5% to 10% speedup improvement in real applications with dependences with respect to a carefully tuned PRS strategy.
Laughter yoga versus group exercise program in elderly depressed women: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Laughter Yoga founded by M. Kataria is a combination of unconditioned laughter and yogic breathing. Its effect on mental and physical aspects of healthy individuals was shown to be beneficial.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Kataria's Laughter Yoga and group exercise therapy in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction in older adult women of a cultural community of Tehran, Iran.


METHODS
Seventy depressed old women who were members of a cultural community of Tehran were chosen by Geriatric depression scale (score>10). After completion of Life Satisfaction Scale pre-test and demographic questionnaire, subjects were randomized into three groups of laughter therapy, exercise therapy, and control. Subsequently, depression post-test and life satisfaction post-test were done for all three groups. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's correction.


RESULTS
Sixty subjects completed the study. The analysis revealed a significant difference in decrease in depression scores of both Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy group in comparison to control group (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference between Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy groups. The increase in life satisfaction of Laughter Yoga group showed a significant difference in comparison with control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found between exercise therapy and either control or Laughter Yoga group.


CONCLUSION
Our findings showed that Laughter Yoga is at least as effective as group exercise program in improvement of depression and life satisfaction of elderly depressed women.
The digital hood: Social media use among youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods

This study examines the role of social media in the lives of youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Feminist Standpoint theory, which privileges the voices of marginalized communities in understanding social phenomena, suggests that youth at the margins have specific knowledge that helps us understand social media more broadly. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 females and 30 males aged 13 to 24 about their social worlds and neighborhoods, both on- and offline. The findings reveal a dynamic and somewhat concerning interplay between the geographic neighborhood and the digital neighborhood, whereby negative social interactions in the geographic neighborhood are reproduced and amplified on social media.