LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Immediate and delayed effects of risperidone on cerebral metabolism in neuroleptic naïve schizophrenic patients: correlations with symptom change.

OBJECTIVE
Different symptom patterns have been shown to be associated with specific patterns of cerebral metabolic activity in schizophrenia. Treatment with various neuroleptic drugs results in decreased metabolism in frontal cortical regions. The temporal and regional relation between changes in metabolism and symptom improvement after treatment with risperidone was studied in eight previously unmedicated schizophrenic patients.


METHOD
Cerebral metabolic activity was measured using PET before neuroleptic exposure, after the first dose of risperidone, and after 6 weeks of treatment. Pearson correlations were calculated for regions of significant change in metabolism and symptom change.


RESULTS
After 6 weeks of treatment significant deactivations were seen in the left lateral cortical frontal region and medial frontal cortex. Significant changes were detectable in the medial frontal region 90 minutes after the first dose of risperidone. Patients with higher baseline activity in the identified medial frontal cluster had higher baseline positive symptom scores and reduction in medial frontal metabolism was correlated with reduction in positive symptom score.


CONCLUSION
The evidence suggests that the reduction in medial-frontal activity after treatment with risperidone is a direct effect of risperidone and not a consequence of symptom improvement. Reduction of medial frontal metabolism may be one of the physiological mechanisms by which risperidone alleviates symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia.
TOPOMON: A Monitoring Tool for Grid Network Topology

In Grid environments, high-performance applications have to take into account the available network performance between the individual sites. Existing monitoring tools like the Network Weather Service (NWS) measure bandwidth and latency of end-to-end network paths. This information is necessary but not sufficient. With more than two participating sites, simultaneous transmissions may collide with each other on shared links of the wide-area network. If this occurs, applications may obtain lower network performance than predicted by NWS. In this paper, we describe TopoMon, a monitoring tool for Grid networks that augments NWS with additional sensors for the routes between the sites of a Grid environment. Our tool conforms to the Grid Monitoring Architecture (GMA) defined by the Global Grid Forum. It unites NWS performance and topology discovery in a single monitoring architecture. Our topology consumer process collects route information between the sites of a Grid environment and derives the overall topology for utilization by application programs and communication libraries. The topology can also be visualized for Grid application developers.
Replacing a Swiss ball for an exercise bench causes variable changes in trunk muscle activity during upper limb strength exercises

BACKGROUND
The addition of Swiss balls to conventional exercise programs has recently been adopted. Swiss balls are an unstable surface which may result in an increased need for force output from trunk muscles to provide adequate spinal stability or balance. The aim of the study was to determine whether the addition of a Swiss ball to upper body strength exercises results in consistent increases in trunk muscle activation levels.


METHODS
The myoelectric activity of four trunk muscles was quantified during the performance of upper body resistance exercises while seated on both a stable (exercise bench) and labile (swiss ball) surface. Participants performed the supine chest press, shoulder press, lateral raise, biceps curl and overhead triceps extension. A repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test was used to determine the influence of seated surface type on muscle activity for each muscle.


RESULTS & DISCUSSION
There was no statistically significant (p < .05) difference in muscle activity between surface conditions. However, there was large degree of variability across subjects suggesting that some individuals respond differently to surface stability. These findings suggest that the incorporation of swiss balls instead of an exercise bench into upper body strength training regimes may not be justified based only on the belief that an increase spinal stabilizing musculature activity is inherent. Biomechanically justified ground based exercises have been researched and should form the basis for spinal stability training as preventative and therapeutic exercise training regimes.


CONCLUSION
Selected trunk muscle activity during certain upper limb strength training exercises is not consistently influenced by the replacement of an exercise bench with a swiss ball.
Selective involvement of the goldfish lateral pallium in spatial memory

The involvement of the main pallial subdivisions of the teleost telencephalic pallium in spatial cognition was evaluated in a series of three experiments. The first two compared the effects of lesions selective to the lateral (LP), medial (MP) and dorsal (DP) telencephalic pallium of goldfish, on the retention and the reversal learning of a spatial constancy task which requires the use of allocentric or relational strategies. The results showed that LP lesions produced a selective impairment on the capability of goldfish to solve the spatial task previously learned and on the reversal learning of the same procedure, whereas MP and DP lesions did not produce observable deficits. The third experiment evaluated, by means of the AgNOR stain, learning-dependent changes of the neuronal transcription activity in the pallium of goldfish trained in the spatial constancy task or in a cue version of the same procedure, which only differed on their spatial cognition demands. The results revealed that training in the spatial task produced an increment in the transcriptive activity which was selective to the neurons of the ventral lateral pallium, as indicated by increases in the size of the nucleolar organizing region (NOR), the nucleolar organelles associated with the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. In contrast, training in the cue version did not produced observable changes. These data, revealing a striking functional similarity between the lateral telencephalic pallium of the teleost fish and the amniote hippocampus, provide additional evidence regarding the homology of both structures.
Implicit Regularization in Deep Learning

In an attempt to better understand generalization in deep learning, we study several possible explanations. We show that implicit regularization induced by the optimization method is playing a key role in generalization and success of deep learning models. Motivated by this view, we study how different complexity measures can ensure generalization and explain how optimization algorithms can implicitly regularize complexity measures. We empirically investigate the ability of these measures to explain different observed phenomena in deep learning. We further study the invariances in neural networks, suggest complexity measures and optimization algorithms that have similar invariances to those in neural networks and evaluate them on a number of learning tasks. Thesis Advisor: Nathan Srebro Title: Professor
Using mobile phone text messages to improve insulin injection technique and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus: a multi-centre study in Turkey.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To improve the knowledge and skills of diabetic patients on insulin injections using mobile phone short message services and to evaluate the association of this intervention with metabolic outcomes.


BACKGROUND
Mobile communication technologies are widely used in Turkey, which maintains a diabetic population of more than 6·5 million. However, there are a limited number of studies using mobile technologies in the challenging and complicated management of diabetes.


DESIGN
A one group pretest-posttest design was used in this study.


METHODS
The study sample consisted of 221 people with type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from eight outpatient clinics in six cities in Turkey. The 'Demographic and diabetes-related information Form' and 'Insulin Injection Technique and Knowledge Form' were used in the initial interview. Subsequently, 12 short messages related to insulin administration were sent to patients twice a week for six months. Each patient's level of knowledge and skills regarding both the insulin injection technique and glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin A1c) levels were measured at three months and six months during the text messaging period and six months later (12 months total) when text messaging was stopped.


RESULTS
The mean age of the patients with diabetes was 39·8 ± 16·2 years (min: 18; max: 75). More than half of the patients were females with a mean duration of diabetes of 11·01 ± 7·22 years (min 1; max: 32). Following the text message reminders, the patients' level of knowledge and skills regarding the insulin injection technique improved at month 3 and 6 (p < 0·05). The patients' A1c levels statistically significantly decreased at the end of month 3, 6 and 12 compared to the baseline values (p < 0·05). The number of insulin injection sites and the frequency of rotation of skin sites for insulin injections also increased.


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that a short message services-based information and reminder system on insulin injection administration provided to insulin-dependent patients with diabetes by nurses resulted in improved self-administration of insulin and metabolic control.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Today, with the increased use of mobile communication technologies, it is possible for nurses to facilitate diabetes management by using these technologies. We believe that mobile technologies, which are not only easy to use and to follow-up with by healthcare providers, are associated with positive clinical outcomes for patients and should be more commonly used in the daily practice of diabetes management.
A multicenter prospective cohort study of the Strata valve for the management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients

Object. Previous reports suggest that adjustable valves may improve the survival of cerebrospinal fluid shunts or relieve shunt-related symptoms. To evaluate these claims, the authors conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study of children who underwent placement of Strata valves. Methods. Patients undergoing initial shunt placement (Group 1) or shunt revision (Group 2) were treated using Strata valve shunt systems. Valves were adjustable to five performance level settings by using an externally applied magnet. The performance levels were checked using an externally applied hand tool and radiography. Patients were followed for 1 year or until they underwent shunt revision surgery. Between March 2000 and February 2002, 315 patients were enrolled in the study. In Group 1 (201 patients) the common causes of hydrocephalus were myelomeningocele (16%), aqueductal stenosis (14%), and hemorrhage (14%). The overall 1-year shunt survival was 67%. Causes of shunt failure were obstruction (17%), overdrainage (1.5%), loc­ ulated ventricles (2%), and infection (10.6%)Patients in Group 2 (114 patients) were older and the causes of hydro­ cephalus were similar. Among patients in Group 2 the 1-year shunt survival was 71%. There were 256 valve adjustments. Symptoms completely resolved (26%) or improved (37%) after 63% of adjust­ ments. When symptoms improved or resolved, they did so within 24 hours in 89% of adjustments. Hand-tool and ra­ diographic readings of valve settings were the same in 234 (98%) of 238 assessments. Conclusions. The 1-year shunt survival for the Strata valve shunt system when used in initial shunt insertion pro­ cedures or shunt revisions was similar to those demonstrated for other valves. Symptom relief or improvement fol­ lowing adjustment was observed in 63% of patients. Hand-tool assessment of performance level settings reliably predicted radiographic assessments.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of beet root pomace extracts.

Čanadanović-Brunet J.M., Savatović S.S., Ćetković G.S., Vulić J.J., Djilas S.M., Markov S.L., Cvetković D.D. (2011): Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of beet root pomace extracts. Czech J. Food Sci., 29: 575–585. We described the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol, acetone, and water extracts of beet root pomace. Total contents of phenolics (316.30–564.50 mg GAE/g of dry extract), flavonoids (316.30–564.50 mg RE/g of dry extract), betacyanins (18.78–24.18 mg/g of dry extract), and betaxanthins (11.19–22.90 mg/g of dry extract) after solid-phase extraction were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity by spectrometric metod, and hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity by ESR spectroscopy. In general, the reducing power of all the beet root pomace extracts increased with increasing concentrations. The DPPH-free radical scavenging activity of the extracts, expressed as EC50, ranged from 0.133 mg/ml to 0.275 mg/ml. Significant correlation was observed between all phytochemical components and scavenging activity. 0.5 mg/ml of ethanol extract completely eliminated hydroxyl radical, which had been generated in Fenton system, while the same concentration of this extract scavenged 75% of superoxide anion radicals. In antibacterial tests, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus showed higher susceptibility than escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Convolutional neural networks at constrained time cost

Though recent advanced convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been improving the image recognition accuracy, the models are getting more complex and time-consuming. For real-world applications in industrial and commercial scenarios, engineers and developers are often faced with the requirement of constrained time budget. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of CNNs under constrained time cost. Under this constraint, the designs of the network architectures should exhibit as trade-offs among the factors like depth, numbers of filters, filter sizes, etc. With a series of controlled comparisons, we progressively modify a baseline model while preserving its time complexity. This is also helpful for understanding the importance of the factors in network designs. We present an architecture that achieves very competitive accuracy in the ImageNet dataset (11.8% top-5 error, 10-view test), yet is 20% faster than “AlexNet” [14] (16.0% top-5 error, 10-view test).
Comparison of Using SVC and STATCOM for Wind Farm Integration

This paper studies system stability of wind farms based on fixed speed induction generators (FSIG) and investigates the use of the static Var compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for wind farm integration. Due to the nature of asynchronous operation, system instability of wind farms based on FSIG is largely caused by the excessive reactive power absorption by FSIG after fault due to the large rotor slip gained during fault. Wind farm models based on FSIG and equipped with either SVC or STATCOM are developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. It was found that the SVC and STATCOM considerably improve the system stability during and after disturbances, especially when the network is weak. Compared to SVC, STATCOM gave a much better dynamic performance, and provided a better reactive power support to the network, as its maximum reactive current output was virtually independent of the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC).
Motion of the rearfoot, ankle and subtalar joints and ankle moments when wearing lateral wedge insoles – results from bone anchored markers

Background Knee osteoarthritis is a debilitating condition and increased dynamic loading at the knee has been linked with increased progression of the disease. Lateral wedge insoles have been used in clinical practice since the late 1980s. It is theorised that lateral wedge insoles increase the subtalar joint valgus orientation and increase the ankle valgus moment [1], with subsequent reduced knee varus moments [2]. Results have shown that both clinical success and reductions in knee loading vary between people. Differences could be due to person specific foot biomechanics. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in frontal plane foot and ankle motion and moment due to a lateral wedge orthosis.
Ambulation training with and without partial weightbearing after traumatic brain injury: results of a randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that 8 wks of partial weight-bearing gait retraining improves functional ambulation to a greater extent than traditional physical therapy in individuals after traumatic brain injury.


DESIGN
A randomized, open-label, controlled, cohort study was conducted at two inpatient university-based rehabilitation hospitals. A total of 38 adults with a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and significant gait abnormalities received either 8 wks of standard physical therapy or physical therapy supplemented with partial weight-bearing gait training twice weekly.


RESULTS
Significant (P < 0.05) improvements were detected in both groups on Functional Ambulation Category, Standing Balance Scale, Rivermead Mobility Index, and FIM. However, no differences were found between the treatment groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Results did not support the hypothesis that 8 wks of partial weight-bearing gait retraining improves functional ambulation to a greater extent than traditional physical therapy in individuals after traumatic brain injury based on common clinical measures.
The Use of Zigs and Zags to Reduce Scarring over “Keloid Triangles” during Excisional Surgery: Biomechanics, Review and Recommendations

Aim: The sternal region, cervico-mandibular region and the intra-mammary region have been the bane of many cutaneous surgeons, with a higher propensity for poor scarring and wound complications. In this article, the author undertakes a review of different methods of breaking up scars by utilizing zigs and zags, and conducts a pigskin study to measure the reduction in tension that can be achieved by using a simple zigzag technique while performing excisions. Methods: A pigskin study conducted into the use of the simple zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby scarring) of surgical wounds is reported here, and comparison and review is undertaken of the biomechanics of elliptical excisions and traditional Z-plasties. Results: Using a simple zigzag reduces tension across the midpoint of the scar more effectively than a Z-plasty or a simple elliptical excision. Conclusion: The techniques of breaking up a scar or incision line by using zigs and zags, in a means to reduce scarring, are not new. However, each of these techniques has specific advantages and disadvantages that need consideration by the surgeon. In this paper, a pigskin study is conducted into the use of the simple zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby reduce the risk of poor scarring) of surgical wounds.
Public Health Surveillance After the 2010 Haiti Earthquake: the Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières

Background In January 2010, Haiti was struck by a powerful earthquake, killing and wounding hundreds of thousands and leaving millions homeless. In order to better understand the severity of the crisis, and to provide early warning of epidemics or deteriorations in the health status of the population, Médecins Sans Frontières established surveillance for infections of epidemic potential and for death rates and malnutrition prevalence. Methods Trends in infections of epidemic potential were detected through passive surveillance at health facilities serving as sentinel sites. Active community surveillance of death rates and malnutrition prevalence was established through weekly home visits. Results There were 102,054 consultations at the 15 reporting sites during the 26 week period of operation. Acute respiratory infections, acute watery diarrhoea and malaria/fever of unknown origin accounted for the majority of proportional morbidity among the diseases under surveillance. Several alerts were triggered through the detection of immediately notifiable diseases and increasing trends in some conditions. Crude and under-5 death rates, and acute malnutrition prevalence, were below emergency thresholds. Conclusion Disease surveillance after disasters should include an alert and response component, requiring investment of resources in informal networks that improve sensitivity to alerts as well as on the more common systems of data collection, compilation and analysis. Information sharing between partners is necessary to strengthen early warning systems. Community-based surveillance of mortality and malnutrition is feasible but requires careful implementation and validation.
Behaviour Centred Design: towards an applied science of behaviour change

Behaviour change has become a hot topic. We describe a new approach, Behaviour Centred Design (BCD), which encompasses a theory of change, a suite of behavioural determinants and a programme design process. The theory of change is generic, assuming that successful interventions must create a cascade of effects via environments, through brains, to behaviour and hence to the desired impact, such as improved health. Changes in behaviour are viewed as the consequence of a reinforcement learning process involving the targeting of evolved motives and changes to behaviour settings, and are produced by three types of behavioural control mechanism (automatic, motivated and executive). The implications are that interventions must create surprise, revalue behaviour and disrupt performance in target behaviour settings. We then describe a sequence of five steps required to design an intervention to change specific behaviours: Assess, Build, Create, Deliver and Evaluate. The BCD approach has been shown to change hygiene, nutrition and exercise-related behaviours and has the advantages of being applicable to product, service or institutional design, as well as being able to incorporate future developments in behaviour science. We therefore argue that BCD can become the foundation for an applied science of behaviour change.
Coffee Ingestion Enhances 1-Mile Running Race Performance.

CONTEXT
Caffeine, often in the form of coffee, is frequently used as a supplement by athletes in an attempt to facilitate improved performance during exercise.


PURPOSE
To investigate the effectiveness of coffee ingestion as an ergogenic aid prior to a 1-mile (1609 m) race.


METHODS
In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, and placebo-controlled design, 13 trained male runners completed a 1-mile race 60 minutes following the ingestion of 0.09 g·kg-1 coffee (COF), 0.09 g·kg-1 decaffeinated coffee (DEC), or a placebo (PLA). All trials were dissolved in 300 mL of hot water.


RESULTS
The race completion time was 1.3% faster following the ingestion of COF (04:35.37 [00:10.51] min:s.ms) compared with DEC (04:39.14 [00:11.21] min:s.ms; P = .018; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.11 to -0.01; d = 0.32) and 1.9% faster compared with PLA (04:41.00 [00:09.57] min:s.ms; P = .006; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.03; d = 0.51). A large trial and time interaction for salivary caffeine concentration was observed (P < .001; [Formula: see text]), with a very large increase (6.40 [1.57] μg·mL-1; 95% CI, 5.5-7.3; d = 3.86) following the ingestion of COF. However, only a trivial difference between DEC and PLA was observed (P = .602; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.03; d = 0.17). Furthermore, only trivial differences were observed for blood glucose (P = .839; [Formula: see text]) and lactate (P = .096; [Formula: see text]) and maximal heart rate (P = .286; [Formula: see text]) between trials.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study show that 60 minutes after ingesting 0.09 g·kg-1 of caffeinated coffee, 1-mile race performance was enhanced by 1.9% and 1.3% compared with placebo and decaffeinated coffee, respectively, in trained male runners.