LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing agency nursing and moonlighting among nurses in South Africa

Background In South Africa, nurses are the largest category of the health care providers. Their optimal performance is critical for the successful implementation of impending health sector reforms. Objective This paper examines the occurrence of agency nursing, moonlighting, and overtime among nurses in South Africa, and the factors influencing moonlighting. Design This cross-sectional survey was a one-stage cluster random sample of 80 hospitals in four South African provinces, selected with stratification from the public and private health sectors. On the survey day, all nurses working in critical care, theatre, emergency, maternity, and general medical and surgical wards completed a self-administered questionnaire after giving informed consent. In addition to demographic information, the questionnaire elicited information on the frequency of agency nursing, moonlighting, and overtime, and the nurses' reasons for doing moonlighting. Survey data were weighted and analysed using STATA version 12. Results The majority of survey participants (n=3,784) were South African (98.0%), female (92.7%), and employed in government (52.8%). Their mean age was 41.5 years (SD 10.4). The occurrence of moonlighting among nurses in the 12 months preceding the survey was 28.0% [95% CI: 24.2-32.1], the frequency of agency nursing was 37.8% [95% CI: 32.4-43.6], while 56.0% of nurses did overtime [95% CI: 51.4-60.4]. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, predictors of moonlighting were province, sector of primary employment, unit of work, category of nurse, and having children. The odds of moonlighting was 1.51 [95% CI: 1.03-2.21] times higher for private sector nurses than for public nurses, while the odds ratio for auxiliary nurses was 0.61 [95% CI: 0.47-0.79] compared to professional nurses. The odds of moonlighting was 1.49 [95% CI: 1.18-1.89] for nurses with children, compared to those without. Conclusions Agency nursing, moonlighting, and overtime are common among South African nurses, but have received insufficient policy attention. These issues need to be addressed as part of the implementation of comprehensive health workforce strategies.
Three palonosetron regimens to prevent CINV in myeloma patients receiving multiple-day high-dose melphalan and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND
Explore safety and efficacy of three palonosetron-containing regimens for emesis prevention over 7 days in multiple myeloma (MM) patients receiving melphalan (100 mg/m(2)) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Randomized, double-blind pilot study in MM patients (n=73) receiving 1, 2, or 3 days of 0.25 mg palonosetron (30-s i.v. bolus) 30 min before melphalan (days -2 and -1) and HSCT (day 0). Patients received dexamethasone (20 mg i.v., days -2 and -1) immediately before or after study drug/placebo. Daily diaries recorded emesis, rescue medication, nausea duration, and adverse events (AEs).


RESULTS
Seven-day complete protection (no emesis) occurred in 41.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 22.1% to 63.4%], 41.7% (95% CI 22.1% to 63.4%), and 44.0% (95% CI 24.2% to 65.1%) of patients receiving 1, 2, or 3 days of palonosetron, respectively (P=0.43). Complete response (emesis free without rescue medication) occurred in 8.3%, 20.8%, and 20.0% (P=0.14). Common AEs (≥10%) were mild-to-moderate diarrhea, constipation, headache, insomnia, and flatulence. No serious AEs occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Palonosetron with dexamethasone was safe and effective in preventing emesis in MM patients receiving melphalan and HSCT. This pilot study with a limited number of patients suggests that multiple doses of palonosetron could be more effective than a single dose in making patients emesis free without need for rescue medication. However, even multiple doses of palonosetron resulted in only 20% of patients being emesis free without rescue medication, suggesting that further improvement will require development of more effective combination antiemetic therapy.
A pictorial representation within a postmodern manner

Ankara : The Department of Painting and the Institute of Fine Arts of Bilkent University, 1992.
Botulinum toxin A injection for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to spinal cord injury: multi-institutional experience in Japan.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injection into the bladder wall for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to spinal cord injury in Japanese patients.


METHODS
We enrolled Japanese spinal cord injury patients with cystometrically confirmed neurogenic detrusor overactivity who experienced urinary incontinence at least once a week either because they were refractory to anticholinergics or had to discontinue treatment because of adverse events. Patients received 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA injected into the bladder wall after a 2-week washout of anticholinergics, and urodynamic variables were assessed before and 1 month after injection. Catheterization and urinary incontinence data, as well as International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scores, were assessed before injection and every month thereafter until the cessation of treatment effects.


RESULTS
The study enrolled 19 patients (13 men, six women, age range 22-67 years). One month after injection, the mean number of urinary incontinence episodes decreased from 4.3 to 1.5 times/day (P = 0.004), and the maximum cystometric capacity increased from 100 mL to 296 mL (P = 0.0004). The rate of effective cases whose daily urinary incontinence frequency was decreased to less than 50% was 74%. The duration of efficacy without anticholinergic medication ranged from 3 to 12 months (median 8.5 months). Clinically significant adverse events were not observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The present findings show the efficacy and tolerability of onabotulinumtoxinA injection for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in Japanese spinal cord injury patients.
Early angiographic results of multivessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVES
Recently off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is being widely used for coronary revascularization. However, there is some evidence that off-pump surgery increases the risk of recurrent angina and the need for reintervention, suggesting poor graft quality or incomplete revascularization. We describe our experience to demonstrate the feasibility of multiple coronary revascularization in off-pump CABG (OPCAB).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
From January 2002 to March 2003, 168 patients underwent OPCAB at our institute. In 16 of them, 6 to 9 vessels were revascularized in each patient. There were 14 males and 2 females with a mean age of 66 years (47 to 74 years). All patients had triple-vessel disease. Ten patients received in situ arterial grafts only which were harvested with the skeletonization technique using an ultrasonic scalpel. We used the Starfish heart positioner to expose lateral, posterior, and inferior walls of the heart with minimal hemodynamic compromise.


RESULTS
All patients were discharged from the hospital without any serious complications. Postoperative angiography was performed in 87.5% within 1 month after operation. The patency rate was 96.6%.


CONCLUSION
These results indicate that complete revascularization can be achieved in OPCAB in patients with diffuse coronary arterial disease. Complete revascularization with in situ arterial conduits only is technically feasible and yields a high early graft patency, even in the off-pump situation.
Long-term DHEA replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized, controlled trial.

CONTEXT
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are the major circulating adrenal steroids and substrates for peripheral sex hormone biosynthesis. In Addison's disease, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies require lifelong replacement, but the associated near-total failure of DHEA synthesis is not typically corrected.


OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN
In a double-blind trial, we randomized 106 subjects (44 males, 62 females) with Addison's disease to receive either 50 mg daily of micronized DHEA or placebo orally for 12 months to evaluate its longer-term effects on bone mineral density, body composition, and cognitive function together with well-being and fatigue.


RESULTS
Circulating DHEAS and androstenedione rose significantly in both sexes, with testosterone increasing to low normal levels only in females. DHEA reversed ongoing loss of bone mineral density at the femoral neck (P < 0.05) but not at other sites; DHEA enhanced total body (P = 0.02) and truncal (P = 0.017) lean mass significantly with no change in fat mass. At baseline, subscales of psychological well-being in questionnaires (Short Form-36, General Health Questionnaire-30), were significantly worse in Addison's patients vs. control populations (P < 0.001), and one subscale of SF-36 improved significantly (P = 0.004) after DHEA treatment. There was no significant benefit of DHEA treatment on fatigue or cognitive or sexual function. Supraphysiological DHEAS levels were achieved in some older females who experienced mild androgenic side effects.


CONCLUSION
Although further long-term studies of DHEA therapy, with dosage adjustment, are desirable, our results support some beneficial effects of prolonged DHEA treatment in Addison's disease.
What really causes large price changes

We study the cause of large fluctuations in prices on the London Stock Exchange. This is done at the microscopic level of individual events, where an event is the placement or cancellation of an order to buy or sell. We show that price fluctuations caused by individual market orders are essentially independent of the volume of orders. Instead, large price fluctuations are driven by liquidity fluctuations, variations in the market’s ability to absorb new orders. Even for the most liquid stocks there can be substantial gaps in the order book, corresponding to a block of adjacent price levels containing no quotes. When such a gap exists next to the best price, a new order can remove the best quote, triggering a large midpoint price change. Thus, the distribution of large price changes merely reflects the distribution of gaps in the limit order book. This is a finite size effect, caused by the granularity of order flow: in a market where participants place many small orders uniformly across prices, such large price fluctuations would not happen. We show that this also explains price fluctuations on longer timescales. In addition, we present results suggesting that the risk profile varies from stock to stock, and is not universal: lightly traded stocks tend to have more extreme risks.
Graphical methods for categorical data

Statistical methods for categorical data, such as loglinear models and logistic regression, represent discrete analogs of the analysis of variance and regression methods for continuous response variables. However. while graphical display techniques are common adjuncts to analysis of variance and regression, methods for plotting contingency table data are not as widely used. This paper provides a brief introduction to graphical methods that are useful for understanding the pattern of association among categorical variables. These methods can be helpful both for data exploration and for communicating results to others. The methods described include association plots for two-way tables. mosaic displays for multi-way tables~ correspondence analysis and effect plots for logit models.
Hydrogen adsorption on group 1 B metals

Abstract The problems concerning adsorption of molecular and atomic hydrogen on noble metal surfaces are discussed. The kinetics of this process and the features of physisorbed and chemisorbed adsorbate are described on the basis of currently available data.
Collaboration Using Multiple PDAs Connected to a PC

The Pebbles project is creating applications to connmt multiple Personal DigiM Assistants &DAs) to a main computer such as a PC We are cmenfly using 3Com Pd@Ilots b-use they are popdar and widespread. We created the ‘Remote Comrnandefl application to dow users to take turns sending input from their PahnPiiots to the PC as if they were using the PCS mouse and keyboard. ‘.PebblesDraw” is a shared whiteboard application we btit that allows dl of tie users to send input simtdtaneously while sharing the same PC display. We are investigating the use of these applications in various contexts, such as colocated mmtings. Keywor& Personal Digiti Assistants @DAs), PH11oc Single Display Groupware, Pebbles, AmuleL
Detecting psychopathy from thin slices of behavior.

This study is the first to demonstrate that features of psychopathy can be reliably and validly detected by lay raters from "thin slices" (i.e., small samples) of behavior. Brief excerpts (5 s, 10 s, and 20 s) from interviews with 96 maximum-security inmates were presented in video or audio form or in both modalities combined. Forty raters used these excerpts to complete assessments of overall psychopathy and its Factor 1 and Factor 2 components, various personality disorders, violence proneness, and attractiveness. Thin-slice ratings of psychopathy correlated moderately and significantly with psychopathy criterion measures, especially those related to interpersonal features of psychopathy, particularly in the 5- and 10-s excerpt conditions and in the video and combined channel conditions. These findings demonstrate that first impressions of psychopathy and related constructs, particularly those pertaining to interpersonal functioning, can be reasonably reliable and valid. They also raise intriguing questions regarding how individuals form first impressions and about the extent to which first impressions may influence the assessment of personality disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
Enhanced noscapine delivery using uPAR-targeted optical-MR imaging trackable nanoparticles for prostate cancer therapy.

The tubulin-binding anticancer activity of noscapine, an orally available plant-derived anti-tussive alkaloid, has been recently identified. Noscapine inhibits tumor growth in nude mice bearing human xenografts of hematopoietic, breast, lung, ovarian, brain and prostate origin. Despite its nontoxic attributes, significant elimination of the disease has not been achieved, perhaps since the bioavailability of noscapine to tumors saturates at an oral dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. To enable the selective and specific delivery of noscapine to prostate cancer cells, we have engineered a multifunctional nanoscale delivery vehicle that takes advantage of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) overexpression in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate epithelia and can be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Specifically, we employed the human-type 135 amino-acid amino-terminal fragment (hATF) of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), a high-affinity natural ligand for uPAR. Noscapine (Nos) was efficiently adsorbed onto the amphiphilic polymer coating of uPAR-targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Nos-loaded NPs were uniformly compact-sized, stable at physiological pH and efficiently released the drug at pH 4 to 5 within a span of 4h. Our results demonstrate that these uPAR-targeted NPs were capable of binding to the receptor and were internalized by PC-3 cells. uPAR-targeted Nos-loaded NPs enhanced intracellular noscapine accumulation as evident by the ~6-fold stronger inhibitory effect on PC-3 growth compared to free noscapine. In addition, Nos-loaded iron oxide NPs maintained their T2 MRI contrast effect upon internalization into tumor cells owing to their significant susceptibility effect in cells. Thus, our data provide compelling evidence that these optically and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-trackable uPAR-targeted NPs may offer a great potential for image-directed targeted delivery of noscapine for the management of prostate cancer.
The performance of Dynamic Spectral Imaging colposcopy depends on indication for referrals.

OBJECTIVE. A previous study has shown that Dynamic Spectral Imaging (DSI) colposcopy increases the sensitivity of the colposcopic examination in women referred with abnormal cytology. In this study we have reanalyzed the performance of DSI and conventional colposcopy for new referral conditions and for low-grade cytology referrals versus high-grade cytology referrals. METHOD. Data from a previous validation trial was used to assess the performance of DSI in different cytology groups:Women referred with BMD (borderline and mild dyskaryosis) cytology and women referred with NBMD cytology either hrHPV positive or negative were separately analyzed. Furthermore, we tried to assess the clinical performance by appropriate filtering of patients to replicate two different referral strategies. RESULTS. The sensitivity of DSI and conventional colposcopy to detect CIN2+ lesions in women referred with BMD cytology is 82% and 44% respectively (p= 0.001) and in the NBMD group 77% and 64% respectively (p= 0.24). If the two techniques are combined the sensitivity is 85%.When the conditions of new screening strategies are applied DSI colposcopy has a higher sensitivity to detect CIN2+ than conventional colposcopy. Findings are similar when CIN3+ is used as a threshold. CONCLUSION. We found that in most cases DSI colposcopy has a higher sensitivity than conventional colposcopy, even when referral criteria are changed. Unlike conventional colposcopy, the sensitivity of colposcopy with DSI in low-grade cytology referrals was found similar to the sensitivity in high-grade cytology referrals. This suggests that a baseline colposcopy sensitivity may be possible with the adjunctive use of the DSI map, irrespective of referral cytology.
A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews

BACKGROUND
Scoping reviews are used to identify knowledge gaps, set research agendas, and identify implications for decision-making. The conduct and reporting of scoping reviews is inconsistent in the literature. We conducted a scoping review to identify: papers that utilized and/or described scoping review methods; guidelines for reporting scoping reviews; and studies that assessed the quality of reporting of scoping reviews.


METHODS
We searched nine electronic databases for published and unpublished literature scoping review papers, scoping review methodology, and reporting guidance for scoping reviews. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data abstraction was performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. Quantitative (e.g. frequencies of methods) and qualitative (i.e. content analysis of the methods) syntheses were conducted.


RESULTS
After searching 1525 citations and 874 full-text papers, 516 articles were included, of which 494 were scoping reviews. The 494 scoping reviews were disseminated between 1999 and 2014, with 45% published after 2012. Most of the scoping reviews were conducted in North America (53%) or Europe (38%), and reported a public source of funding (64%). The number of studies included in the scoping reviews ranged from 1 to 2600 (mean of 118). Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidance for scoping reviews, only 13% of the scoping reviews reported the use of a protocol, 36% used two reviewers for selecting citations for inclusion, 29% used two reviewers for full-text screening, 30% used two reviewers for data charting, and 43% used a pre-defined charting form. In most cases, the results of the scoping review were used to identify evidence gaps (85%), provide recommendations for future research (84%), or identify strengths and limitations (69%). We did not identify any guidelines for reporting scoping reviews or studies that assessed the quality of scoping review reporting.


CONCLUSION
The number of scoping reviews conducted per year has steadily increased since 2012. Scoping reviews are used to inform research agendas and identify implications for policy or practice. As such, improvements in reporting and conduct are imperative. Further research on scoping review methodology is warranted, and in particular, there is need for a guideline to standardize reporting.
Novel Application of Magnetoresistive Sensors for High-Voltage Transmission-Line Monitoring

High-voltage transmission lines are responsible for transmission of electric power. Their sag and electric current are important parameters for transmission-line monitoring. In this paper, a simple and promising method based on magnetoresistive sensors is proposed for transmission-line monitoring. This is a noncontact method and its installation is simple without the need for power cut. The method involves measuring emanated magnetic field from a line conductor at the ground level and, then, calculating the source position and current inversely. A proof-of-concept laboratory setup was constructed and a series of experiments were carried out for demonstration. This method can handle complicated transmission-line configuration by integrating the stochastic optimization approach into the inverse electromagnetic calculation. It was tested with the computational simulation of a 500 kV transmission-line configuration. The result shows the feasibility of using this transmission-line monitoring method in reality.
Body shape and size depictions of African American women in JET magazine, 1953-2006.

Depictions of Caucasian women in the mainstream media have become increasingly thinner in size and straighter in shape. These changes may be inconsistent with the growing influence of African American beauty ideals, which research has established as more accepting of larger body sizes and more curvaceous body types than Caucasians. The present study looked at trends in the portrayal of African American women featured in JET magazine from 1953 to 2006. Beauty of the Week (BOW) images were collected and analyzed to examine body size (estimated by independent judges) and body shape (estimated by waist-to-hip ratio). We expected body sizes to increase and body shapes to become more curvaceous. Results revealed a rise in models' body size consistent with expectations, but an increase in waist-to-hip ratio, contrary to prediction. Our findings suggest that the African American feminine beauty ideal reflects both consistencies with and departures from mainstream cultural ideals.
Face Recognition: the Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction

A face recognition system must recognize a face from a novel image despite the variations between images of the same face. A common approach to overcoming image variations because of changes in the illumination conditions is to use image representations that are relatively insensitive to these variations. Examples of such representations are edge maps, image intensity derivatives, and images convolved with 2D Gabor-like filters. Here we present an empirical study that evaluates the sensitivity of these representations to changes in illumination, as well as viewpoint and facial expression. Our findings indicated that none of the representations considered is sufficient by itself to overcome image variations because of a change in the direction of illumination. Similar results were obtained for changes due to viewpoint and expression. Image representations that emphasized the horizontal features were found to be less sensitive to changes in the direction of illumination. However, systems based only on such representations failed to recognize up to 20 percent of the faces in our database. Humans performed considerably better under the same conditions. We discuss possible reasons for this superioriority and alternative methods for overcoming illumination effects in