LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Federal Grants and Crowd-out of State Government Spending : Theory and Evidence from the Federal Highway Aid Program

Contrary to simple theoretical predictions, existing evidence suggests that federal grants do not crowd out state government spending. A legislative bargaining model with endogenous grants documents a positive correlation between grant receipts and preferences for public goods; this correlation has likely biased existing work against measuring crowd-out. To correct for such endogeneity, the model motivates instruments based on the political power of state congressional delegations. Exploiting this exogenous variation in grants, the instrumental variables estimator reports crowd-out that is statistically and economically signi cant. This endogeneity may explain the  ypaper effect, a nonequivalence between grant receipts and private income. (JEL D70, H40, H77)
Multi-agent based vehicular congestion management

In rapidly growing transportation networks, traffic congestion can result from inefficient traffic control infrastructure or ineffective traffic control measures. Existing congestion management techniques in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have not been very effective due to lack of autonomous and collaborative behavior of the constituent traffic control entities involved in these techniques. Moreover, these entities cannot easily adapt to the traffic dynamics and the traffic control intelligence is mostly centralised making it susceptible to overload and failures. The autonomous and distributed nature of multi-agent systems is well-suited to the transportation domain which is dynamic and geographically distributed. This paper reviews existing congestion management techniques and discusses their limitations. The paper, further, comprehensively surveys multi-agent techniques for congestion management in ITS and describes their advantages over other existing techniques. The paper classifies the multi-agent techniques based on the locus of decision control intelligence and focuses on their suitability of application in congestion management. We conclude with outstanding issues and challenges.
SoK: Lessons Learned from SSL/TLS Attacks

Since its introduction in 1994 the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol (later renamed to Transport Layer Security (TLS)) evolved to the de facto standard for securing the transport layer. SSL/TLS can be used for ensuring data confidentiality, integrity and authenticity during transport. A main feature of the protocol is flexibility: Modes of operation and security aims can easily be configured through different cipher suites. However, during the evolutionary development several flaws were found. This paper presents an overview on theoretical and practical attacks of the last 17 years, in chronological order and four categories: Attacks on the Handshake protocol, on the Record and Application Data Protocols, on the PKI infrastructure and various other attacks. We try to give a short ”Lesson(s) Learned” at the end of each paragraph.
Modeling and Control of Indoor Climate Using a Heat Pump Based Floor Heating System

Modeling and control of an indoor climate using a floor heating system based on a heat pump is discussed. The thermodynamic models of the heat pump, room, floor and circulated water are theoretically developed and then identified through experimental data. Several control strategies, namely relay control, P control, PID control and PID control with pre-filtering of reference input, are developed and simulated based on the developed system model. The simulation results turn out that the PID control with pre-filtering strategy generated the best system performance in terms of the smallest overshoot, fast response, highest COP in the transient period, and the smallest deviation and the least sensitivity to disturbance in the steady period. Meanwhile, this strategy also uses least power compared with other strategies. Instead of using the standard relay control, this study reveals a huge potential to use advanced control techniques to optimize operation of this kind of thermal system from thermal comfort and energy consumption perspectives.
New dual-mode dielectric resonator filters

The paper presents a new design of dual-mode dielectric-loaded rectangular cavity filters. The response of the filter is mainly controlled by the location and orientation of the coupling apertures with no intra-cavity coupling. Each dual-mode dielectric-loaded cavity generates and controls one transmission zero which can be placed on either side of the passband. Example filters which demonstrate the soundness of the design technique are presented.
A critical look at critical chain project management

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Predictive Clinical Decision Support System with RNN Encoding and Tensor Decoding

With the introduction of the Electric Health Records (EHR), large amounts of digital data become available for analysis and decision support [1]. These data, as soon as carefully cleaned and well preprocessed, could enable a large variety of analysis and modeling tasks that can improve healthcare services and patients experience [2]. When physicians are prescribing treatments to a patient, they need to consider a large range of data variety and volume. These data might include patients’ genetic profiles and their entire historical clinical protocols. With the growing amounts of data decision making becomes increasingly complex. Machine learning based Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems can be a solution to the data challenges [3] [4] [5]. Machine learning models and decision support systems have been proven to be capable of handling —and actually even profiting from— large amount of data in high dimensional space and with complex dependency characteristics. Some powerful machine learning models generate abstract and yet informative features from a usually sparse feature space.
A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

OBJECTIVE
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.


DISCUSSION FOR RESEARCHERS
There are 10 forms of ICCs. Because each form involves distinct assumptions in their calculation and will lead to different interpretations, researchers should explicitly specify the ICC form they used in their calculation. A thorough review of the research design is needed in selecting the appropriate form of ICC to evaluate reliability. The best practice of reporting ICC should include software information, "model," "type," and "definition" selections.


DISCUSSION FOR READERS
When coming across an article that includes ICC, readers should first check whether information about the ICC form has been reported and if an appropriate ICC form was used. Based on the 95% confident interval of the ICC estimate, values less than 0.5, between 0.5 and 0.75, between 0.75 and 0.9, and greater than 0.90 are indicative of poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability, respectively.


CONCLUSION
This article provides a practical guideline for clinical researchers to choose the correct form of ICC and suggests the best practice of reporting ICC parameters in scientific publications. This article also gives readers an appreciation for what to look for when coming across ICC while reading an article.
Biomechanical evaluation of four different transosseous-equivalent/suture bridge rotator cuff repairs

Evaluate the biomechanical behavior of four variants of the transosseous-equivalent/suture bridge (TOE/SB) repair. Four suture bridge (SB) constructs were created using 24 sheep infraspinatus tendon-humerus constructs (n = 6 per technique). The groups were (1) Knotted Standard Suture Bridge (Standard SB)—suture bridge with two medial mattress stitches, (2) Knotted Double Suture Bridge (Double SB)—four medial mattress stitches, (3) Untied Suture Bridge with Medial FT Anchors (Untied SB with FT)—two medial mattress stitches without knots, and (4) Untied Suture Bridge with PushLocks (Untied SB with Pushlocks)—two medial mattress stitches without knots. The contact area footprint was measured with an electronic pressure film prior to dynamic mechanical testing for gapping and testing to failure. The Double SB produced the greatest contact area footprint compared to the other techniques, which did not differ. The Double SB repair with a mean failure load of 456.9N was significantly stronger than the Untied SB with Pushlocks repair at 300N (P = 0.023), the standard SB repair at 295N (P = 0.019), and lastly the Untied SB with FT repair at 284N (P = 0.011). No differences were detected between the two mattress stitch standard SB repair with knots and the knotless two mattress stitch repairs (Untied SB with FT and Untied SB with Pushlocks). Gaps developed during cyclic loading in all repairs apart from the Double SB repair. The transosseous-equivalent/suture bridge repair with 4 stitches tied in the medial row and maximal lateral suture strand utilization (Double SB) outperformed all other repairs in terms of failure load, tendon–bone contact, and gapping characteristics. The presence of knots in the medial row did not change tendon fixation with respect to failure load, contact area or gapping characteristics.
Screening of Wrightia tinctoria leaves for Anti psoriatic activity

Plan: The hydro alcoholic extract of Wrightia tinctoria leaves was evaluated for antipsoriatic activity by mouse tail test. Methodology: Antipsoriatic activity was performed at a dose 200 mg/kg body weight in mice (25-30 g). Isoretinoic acid (0.5 mg/kg) was used as the standard. Degree of orthokeratosis, drug activity and the relative epidermal thicknesses were calculated and statistically analyzed. The extract was also evaluated for its antioxidant potential by DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. Outcome: The extract produced significant (p<0.01) degree of orthokeratosis compared to control and the drug activity was found to be 70.18%, which is more potent than the standard (57.43%).. The extract showed prominent antioxidant activity in all the assays. The present study concludes that the selected plant has antipsoriatic activity and can be used for psoriasis treatment.
Citrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

CONTEXT
Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, and its metabolite hesperetin may have vascular actions relevant to their health benefits. Molecular and physiological mechanisms of hesperetin actions are unknown.


OBJECTIVE
We tested whether hesperetin stimulates production of nitric oxide (NO) from vascular endothelium and evaluated endothelial function in subjects with metabolic syndrome on oral hesperidin therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND INTERVENTIONS: Cellular mechanisms of action of hesperetin were evaluated in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in primary culture. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial examined whether oral hesperidin administration (500 mg once daily for 3 wk) improves endothelial function in individuals with metabolic syndrome (n = 24).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
We measured the difference in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation between placebo and hesperidin treatment periods.


RESULTS
Treatment of BAEC with hesperetin acutely stimulated phosphorylation of Src, Akt, AMP kinase, and endothelial NO synthase to produce NO; this required generation of H(2)O(2). Increased adhesion of monocytes to BAEC and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in response to TNF-α treatment was reduced by pretreatment with hesperetin. In the clinical study, when compared with placebo, hesperidin treatment increased flow-mediated dilation (10.26 ± 1.19 vs. 7.78 ± 0.76%; P = 0.02) and reduced concentrations of circulating inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, soluble E-selectin).


CONCLUSIONS
Novel mechanisms for hesperetin action in endothelial cells inform effects of oral hesperidin treatment to improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce circulating markers of inflammation in our exploratory clinical trial. Hesperetin has vasculoprotective actions that may explain beneficial cardiovascular effects of citrus consumption.
Epilepsy patients: health status and medical consumption

Objective: To study the health status and medical consumption of outpatients with active epilepsy in comparison with the general population. Design: Descriptive population study (multi-stage random sample). Setting: Structured questionnaire. Patients: Thirty-nine epilepsy patients compared with a general population of 12,975. Results: Epilepsy patients revealed poorer health, a higher mean complaint score (5.3 versus 3.7, P < 0.05), a higher score on the General Health Questionnaire (P < 0.05), a somewhat higher score on the biological problem list (BIOPRO) (1.8 versus 1.4, P > 0.05), less active sports engagement (16% versus 39%, P < 0.01), more fatigue (46 vs 29%, P < 0.05), dizziness (33 vs 10%, P < 0.01), nervousness (28 vs 18%, P > 0.05), sleep disturbance (23 vs 15%, P > 0.05) and excitability (33 vs 15%, P < 0.01) when compared with the general population. The BIOPRO showed problems in epilepsy patients on specific items related to self-confidence (P < 0.001). Epileptic patients do not show more absence due to illness, from work, school or at home (15 vs 18%, P > 0.05) and/or more problems at work or in the family when compared with the general population. Almost half of epilepsy patients had consulted a specialist in the past 2 months (46 vs 23% of the general population, P < 0.001). Epilepsy patients consulted the family physician slightly more often than other responders (3.0 versus 2.3, P > 0.05) and contacted the family physician’s assistant considerably more often (2.3 versus 0.7, P < 0.001). One-third of epilepsy patients consulted an alternative healer in the past 5 years versus 14% in the general population (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study shows an excess of psychosocial problems and medical consumption in epilepsy patients, but not more absence from work or problems at work or in the family. Further development of a quality of life instrument specific to epilepsy is advised.
Algorithm for the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Cross Reactive Immunologic Material-Negative Classic Infantile Pompe Disease: A Step towards Improving the Efficacy of ERT

OBJECTIVE
Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a highly effective therapy, CRIM-negative (CN) infantile Pompe disease (IPD) patients typically mount a strong immune response which abrogates the efficacy of ERT, resulting in clinical decline and death. This study was designed to demonstrate that immune tolerance induction (ITI) prevents or diminishes the development of antibody titers, resulting in a better clinical outcome compared to CN IPD patients treated with ERT monotherapy.


METHODS
We evaluated the safety, efficacy and feasibility of a clinical algorithm designed to accurately identify CN IPD patients and minimize delays between CRIM status determination and initiation of an ITI regimen (combination of rituximab, methotrexate and IVIG) concurrent with ERT. Clinical and laboratory data including measures of efficacy analysis for response to ERT were analyzed and compared to CN IPD patients treated with ERT monotherapy.


RESULTS
Seven CN IPD patients were identified and started on the ITI regimen concurrent with ERT. Median time from diagnosis of CN status to commencement of ERT and ITI was 0.5 months (range: 0.1-1.6 months). At baseline, all patients had significant cardiomyopathy and all but one required respiratory support. The ITI regimen was safely tolerated in all seven cases. Four patients never seroconverted and remained antibody-free. One patient died from respiratory failure. Two patients required another course of the ITI regimen. In addition to their clinical improvement, the antibody titers observed in these patients were much lower than those seen in ERT monotherapy treated CN patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The ITI regimen appears safe and efficacious and holds promise in altering the natural history of CN IPD by increasing ERT efficacy. An algorithm such as this substantiates the benefits of accelerated diagnosis and management of CN IPD patients, thus, further supporting the importance of early identification and treatment initiation with newborn screening for IPD.
Polyphenol-enriched oolong tea increases fecal lipid excretion

Objective:To assess possibility of polyphenol-enriched oolong tea to reduce dietary lipid absorption in humans.Design:Twelve healthy adult subjects, three males and nine females, aged (mean±s.d.) 22.0±1.8 years, respectively, were randomly divided into two groups. The participants were followed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, including 7-day washout periods and 10-day treatment periods. During the treatment periods, subjects were given about 38 g of lipids from potato chips (19 g each within 30 min after lunch and dinner) and total 750 ml beverages (placebo- or polyphenol-enriched oolong tea) at three meals. Blood samples were collected for biochemical examination at days 8, 18, 25 and 35 of the study period. On the last 3 days of each treatment period, feces were collected to measure the excretion of lipids.Results:Lipid excretion into feces was significantly higher in the polyphenol-enriched oolong tea period (19.3±12.9 g/3day) than in the placebo period (9.4±7.3 g/3day) (P<0.01). Cholesterol excretion tended to increase in polyphenol-enriched oolong tea period (1.8±1.2 g/3day) compared with that of placebo (1.2±0.6 g/3day) (P=0.056).Conclusions:The results of this study indicated that polyphenol-enriched oolong tea could increase lipid excretion into feces when subjects took high-lipid diet.
Networks of Self-Adaptive Dynamical Systems THÈSE

Julio Rodriguez∗ Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Ingénieur (STI), Institut de Microtechnique (IMT), Laboratoire de Production Microtechnique (LPM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland and Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany ∗Corresponding author. Email: julio.rodriguez@epfl.ch and jrodrigu@physik.uni-bielefeld.de
The Space-Based Visible Program

■ The Midcourse Space Experiment satellite was launched in 1996 into an 898-km altitude, near sun-synchronous orbit. A principal sensor on board the satellite is the Space-Based Visible (SBV) sensor, a visible-band electro-optical camera designed at Lincoln Laboratory to perform the first technical and functional demonstration of space-based space surveillance. The principal task of the SBV sensor is to gather metric and photometric information on a variety of resident space objects (RSO). In 1997, after the successful technologydemonstration phase of the mission, the SBV sensor was transitioned to a Contributing Sensor in the Space-Surveillance Network. Since April 1998, upon completion of the transition and testing phase, the SBV sensor has responded to daily tasking requests from the 1st Command and Control Squadron, in Cheyenne Mountain, in support of routine RSO catalog maintenance. The Space-Based Space-Surveillance Operations, funded through an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration with the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, and Air Force Space Command, is now providing the Space-Surveillance Network with the first operational space-based space-surveillance sensor. With its orbital location, wide field of view, and high metric accuracy, the SBV sensor has made a significant contribution to the Space-Surveillance Network, providing more tracks of objects in the geosynchronous belt than any other Space-Surveillance Network sensor.
Interobserver agreement among sleep scorers from different centers in a large dataset.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To evaluate epoch by epoch agreement in sleep stage assignment between scorers from different laboratories.


DESIGN
N/A.


METHODS
62 NPSGs were selected for analysis from 3 sleep centers (38 diagnostic studies for sleep disordered breathing [SDB], 10 studies during CPAP titration, and 14 studies in subjects with no sleep related complaints or sleep pathology). The sleep recording montage consisted of at least 2 EEG leads, left and right EOG and a submental EMG. Scoring was performed manually by 5 experienced sleep technologists. No scorer had knowledge of any other scorers' results. Agreement was tabulated both for sleep stage distribution and on an epoch by epoch basis for the entire data set and the normal and SDB subsets.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
The mean epoch by epoch agreement between scorers for all records was 73% (range 67-82%). Agreements were higher in the normal subset (mean 76%, range 65-85%) than in the SDB subset (mean 71%, range 65-78%). There was significant variability in agreement between records and between pairs of scorers. Overall, 75% of epochs had at least 4 of the 5 scorers in agreement on the sleep stage and 96% of epochs had agreement of at least 3 of the 5 scorers.


CONCLUSIONS
The level of agreement in sleep stage assignment varies between scorers, by diagnosis, and by record. The level of agreement between laboratories is lower than what can be maintained between scorers within the same laboratory. This warrants caution when comparing data scored in separate laboratories. The lower agreement in SDB patients supports the generally held view that sleep fragmentation makes application of the R&K rules less reliable.
Odontogenic tumors and giant cell lesions of jaws - a nine year study

OBJECTIVES
A definite geographic variation has been observed in the frequency of odontogenic tumors and giant cell lesions of the jaws reported from different parts of the world. However, there are a few studies on these lesions, especially giant cell lesions, reported from India. Hence, this study was designed to provide a demographic data on the odontogenic tumors and giant cell lesions reported from our institute located in the city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad is the capital city of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. A retrospective analysis of odontogenic tumors and giant cell lesions of jaws reported in our institute between the years 2000 and 2009 was done and this data was compared with previous reports from different parts of the world and India.


METHODS
Biopsies of the lesions received between the years 2000 and 2009 were reviewed and patient's history, clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed.


RESULTS
A total of 77 biopsies were received during the nine year study period. These lesions were more frequently seen in the males, in a younger age group and showed a predilection for the mandible. Most of them presented as radiolucent, slow growing and painless lesions. Ameloblastomas (71.4%) constituted the majority of odontogenic tumors while central giant cell granulomas (7.8%) constituted the majority of giant cell lesions.


CONCLUSION
These lesions showed a definite geographic variation with ameloblastomas being the most common odontogenic tumors and odontomas being relatively rarer lesions in our region.
Water the basis of life

Public has no idea that in this country is the lack of water and the trend is rather negative and will most likely continue in the future.