LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cost Description and Comparative Cost Efficiency of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Canine Mass Vaccination against Rabies in N’Djamena, Chad

Rabies claims approximately 59,000 human lives annually and is a potential risk to 3.3 billion people in over 100 countries worldwide. Despite being fatal in almost 100% of cases, human rabies can be prevented by vaccinating dogs, the most common vector, and the timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to exposed victims. For the control and prevention of human rabies in N'Djamena, the capital city of Chad, a free mass vaccination campaign for dogs was organized in 2012 and 2013. The campaigns were monitored by parallel studies on the incidence of canine rabies based on diagnostic testing of suspect animals and the incidence of human bite exposure recorded at selected health facilities. Based on the cost description of the campaign and the need for PEP registered in health centers, three cost scenarios were compared: cumulative cost-efficiency of (1) PEP alone, (2) dog mass vaccination and PEP, (3) dog mass vaccination, PEP, and maximal communication between human health and veterinary workers (One Health communication). Assuming ideal One Health communication, the cumulative prospective cost of dog vaccination and PEP break even with the cumulative prospective cost of PEP alone in the 10th year from the start of the calculation (2012). The cost efficiency expressed in cost per human exposure averted is much higher with canine vaccination and One Health communication than with PEP alone. As shown in other studies, our cost-effectiveness analysis highlights that canine vaccination is financially the best option for animal rabies control and rabies prevention in humans. This study also provides evidence of the beneficial effect of One Health communication. Only with close communication between the human and animal health sectors will the decrease in animal rabies incidence be translated into a decline for PEP. An efficiently applied One Health concept would largely reduce the cost of PEP in resource poor countries and should be implemented for zoonosis control in general.
ModelarDB: Modular Model-Based Time Series Management with Spark and Cassandra

Industrial systems, e.g., wind turbines, generate big amounts of data from reliable sensors with high velocity. As it is unfeasible to store and query such big amounts of data, only simple aggregates are currently stored. However, aggregates remove fluctuations and outliers that can reveal underlying problems and limit the knowledge to be gained from historical data. As a remedy, we present the distributed Time Series Management System (TSMS) ModelarDB that uses models to store sensor data. We thus propose an online, adaptive multi-model compression algorithm that maintains data values within a user-defined error bound (possibly zero). We also propose (i) a database schema to store time series as models, (ii) methods to push-down predicates to a key-value store utilizing this schema, (iii) optimized methods to execute aggregate queries on models, (iv) a method to optimize execution of projections through static code-generation, and (v) dynamic extensibility that allows new models to be used without recompiling the TSMS. Further, we present a general modular distributed TSMS architecture and its implementation, ModelarDB, as a portable library, using Apache Spark for query processing and Apache Cassandra for storage. An experimental evaluation shows that, unlike current systems, ModelarDB hits a sweet spot and offers fast ingestion, good compression, and fast, scalable online aggregate query processing at the same time. This is achieved by dynamically adapting to data sets using multiple models. The system degrades gracefully as more outliers occur and the actual errors are much lower than the bounds. PVLDB Reference Format: Søren Kejser Jensen, Torben Bach Pedersen, Christian Thomsen. ModelarDB: Modular Model-Based Time Series Management with Spark and Cassandra. PVLDB, 11(11): 1688-1701, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14778/3236187.3236215
The influence of personality on HE students' confidence in their academic abilities

Students’ confidence in their academic abilities, measured with the Individual Learning Profile (ILP) scale, was examined in relation to their personality traits and grades. To validate the ILP, in Study 1, factor analysis of data from 3003 students extracted six factors (Reading and Writing, Hard IT, Numeracy, Time Management, Speaking, and Easy IT) with good internal reliability. Subsequently, in Study 2, 130 students completed the refined ILP, and scales measuring the Big Five, Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem. Between 10% and 31% of the variance in four ILP factors, but not IT skills, could be predicted by personality traits, but Self-Esteem and Anxiety were not influential. Higher conscientiousness and openness positively predicted higher confidence in reading and writing, while agreeableness and three aspects of perfectionism predicted confidence in numeracy skills. Being introvert and female were predictive of lower confidence in speaking, as were low conscientiousness and the perfectionistic desire to be organised. Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and the perfectionistic desire to be organised were strong predictors of confidence in time-management skills, which in turn predicted first year GPA. The reliability of the ILP was examined over the course of a one-year interval.
From noble metal to Nobel Prize: palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions as key methods in organic synthesis.

Palladium is known to a broad audience as a beautiful, but expensive jewellery metal. In addition, it is nowadays found in nearly every car as part of the automotive catalysts, where palladium is used to eliminate harmful emissions produced by internal combustion engines. On the other hand, and not known to the general public, is the essential role of palladium catalysts in contemporary organic chemistry, a topic which has now been recognized with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2010. Have a look at any recent issue of a chemical journal devoted to organic synthesis and you will discover the broad utility of palladium-based catalysts. Among these different palladium-catalyzed reactions, the so-called cross-coupling reactions have become very powerful methods for the creation of new C C bonds. In general, bond formation takes place here between less-reactive organic electrophiles, typically aryl halides, and different carbon nucleophiles with the help of palladium. Remember the situation 50 years ago, when palladium began to make its way into organic chemistry. At that time C C bond formation in organic synthesis was typically achieved by stoichiometric reactions of reactive nucleophiles with electrophiles or by pericyclic reactions. Ironically, however, oxidation catalysis was the start of today s carbon–carbon bond-forming methods: The oxidation of olefins to carbonyl compounds, specifically the synthesis of acetaldehyde from ethylene (Wacker process) by applying palladium(II) catalysts, was an important inspiration for further applications. Probably also for Richard Heck, who worked in the 1960s as an industrial chemist with Hercules Corporation. There, in the late 1960s, he developed several coupling reactions of arylmercury compounds in the presence of either stoichiometric or catalytic amounts of palladium(II). Some of this work was published in 1968 in a remarkable series of seven consecutive articles, with Heck as the sole author! Based on the reaction of phenylmercuric acetate and lithium tetrachloropalladate under an atmosphere of ethylene, which afforded styrene in 80% yield and 10% trans-stilbene, he described in 1972 a protocol for the coupling of iodobenzene with styrene, which today is known as the “Heck reaction”. A very similar reaction had already been published by Tsutomo Mizoroki in 1971. However, Mizoroki didn t follow up on the reaction and died too young from cancer. The coupling protocol for aryl halides with olefins can be considered as a milestone for the development and application of organometallic catalysis in organic synthesis and set the stage for numerous further applications. Hence, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions were disclosed continuously during the 1970s (Scheme 1). One of the related reactions is the Sonogashira coupling of aryl halides with alkynes, typically in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium and copper salts.
Dual-5α-Reductase Inhibition Promotes Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Man

CONTEXT
5α-Reductase 1 and 2 (SRD5A1, SRD5A2) inactivate cortisol to 5α-dihydrocortisol in addition to their role in the generation of DHT. Dutasteride (dual SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 inhibitor) and finasteride (selective SRD5A2 inhibitor) are commonly prescribed, but their potential metabolic effects have only recently been identified.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to provide a detailed assessment of the metabolic effects of SRD5A inhibition and in particular the impact on hepatic lipid metabolism.


DESIGN
We conducted a randomized study in 12 healthy male volunteers with detailed metabolic phenotyping performed before and after a 3-week treatment with finasteride (5 mg od) or dutasteride (0.5 mg od). Hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps incorporating stable isotopes with concomitant adipose tissue microdialysis were used to evaluate carbohydrate and lipid flux. Analysis of the serum metabolome was performed using ultra-HPLC-mass spectrometry.


SETTING
The study was performed in the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Incorporation of hepatic lipid was measured with MRS.


RESULTS
Dutasteride, not finasteride, increased hepatic insulin resistance. Intrahepatic lipid increased on MRS after dutasteride treatment and was associated with increased rates of de novo lipogenesis. Adipose tissue lipid mobilization was decreased by dutasteride. Analysis of the serum metabolome demonstrated that in the fasted state, dutasteride had a significant effect on lipid metabolism.


CONCLUSIONS
Dual-SRD5A inhibition with dutasteride is associated with increased intrahepatic lipid accumulation.
The BellKor Solution to the Netflix Grand Prize

This article describes part of our contribution to the “Bell Kor’s Pragmatic Chaos” final solution, which won the Netflix Grand Prize. The other portion of the contribution was creat ed while working at AT&T with Robert Bell and Chris Volinsky, as reported in our 2008 Progress Prize report [3]. The final solution includes all the predictors described there. In th is article we describe only the newer predictors. So what is new over last year’s solution? First we further improved the baseline predictors (Sec. III). This in turn impr oves our other models, which incorporate those predictors, like the matrix factorization model (Sec. IV). In addition, an exten sion of the neighborhood model that addresses temporal dynamics was introduced (Sec. V). On the Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) front, we use a new RBM model with superior accuracy by conditioning the visible units (Sec. VI). The fin al addition is the introduction of a new blending algorithm, wh ich is based on gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) (Sec. VII ).
A multiyear estimate of the effective pollen donor pool for Albizia julibrissin

Studies of pollen movement in plant populations are often limited to a single reproductive event, despite concerns about the adequacy of single-year measures for perennial organisms. In this study, we estimate the effective number of pollen donors per tree from a multiyear study of Albizia julibrissin Durazz (mimosa, Fabaceae), an outcrossing, insect-pollinated tree. We determined 40 seedling genotypes for each of 15 seed trees during 4 successive years. A molecular analysis of variance of the pollen gametes fertilizing the sampled seeds was used to partition variation in pollen pools among seed trees, among years, and within single tree-year collections. Using these variance components, we demonstrate significant male gametic variability among years for individual trees. However, results indicate that yearly variation in the ‘global pollen pool’, averaged over all 15 seed trees for these 4 years, is effectively zero. We estimate the effective number of pollen donors for a single mimosa tree (Nep) to be 2.87. Single season analyses yield Nep∼2.05, which is 40% less than the value of Nep estimated from 4 years of data. We discuss optimal sampling for future studies designed to estimate Nep. Studies should include more trees, each sampled over at least a few years, with fewer seeds per tree per year than are needed for a traditional parentage study.
Impacts of Road Grade on Fuel Consumption of Light Vehicles by Use of Google Earth DEM

Recently, more and more vehicles are running on the road, which causes fuel consumption and environmental pollution problems. As a significant factor to the fuel consumption, road grade is often neglected in the vehicle energy consumption model and the decision of optimal path of the vehicle navigation system because of the difficulty of its collection and measurements. This work demonstrates the impact of road grade on the fuel consumption under different speeds and the change of vehicle fuel consumption due to the change of road gradient based on light vehicles' driving data in Beijing, elevation data available from the Google Earth DEM. In addition, we characterize the influence of driving styles on the fuel consumption before and on the slope. The results indicate that the effects of road grade should not be excluded from vehicle energy consumed evaluations and path choosing, i.e., "eco-routing".
Reducing hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevalence through a focused prevention program.

OBJECTIVE
To provide health care organizations with strategies for decreasing the prevalence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers.


DESIGN
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevalence was measured every 6 months for 4.5 years while multiple strategies were implemented.


SETTING
The study took place in a not-for-profit, 548-bed, 2-hospital system in Southwest Florida.


PATIENTS
All adult patients with the exception of those admitted for obstetric or mental health care.


INTERVENTIONS
An assortment of interventions were implemented, including electronic medical records, risk assessment tied to automatic consults, pressure relief measures including new equipment and personnel augmentation, and an interdisciplinary team to decide on protocols.


MAIN RESULTS
Hospital-acquired prevalence rate for all pressure ulcers was reduced by 81%. The rate for heel ulcers alone was reduced by 90%.


CONCLUSION
A pressure ulcer prevention program has been developed, which has shown a trend toward improved patient outcomes with a resultant cost savings.
Endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of lymph nodes and pancreatic masses: a multicenter study.

AIM
To evaluate the ability of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic masses and lymph nodes.


METHODS
A multicenter study was conducted and included 222 patients who underwent EUS examination with assessment of a pancreatic mass (n = 121) or lymph node (n = 101). The classification as benign or malignant, based on the real time elastography pattern, was compared with the classification based on the B-mode EUS images and with the final diagnosis obtained by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and/or by surgical pathology. An interobserver study was performed.


RESULTS
The sensitivity and specificity of EUS elastography to differentiate benign from malignant pancreatic lesions are 92.3% and 80.0%, respectively, compared to 92.3% and 68.9%, respectively, for the conventional B-mode images. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS elastography to differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes was 91.8% and 82.5%, respectively, compared to 78.6% and 50.0%, respectively, for the B-mode images. The kappa coefficient was 0.785 for the pancreatic masses and 0.657 for the lymph nodes.


CONCLUSION
EUS elastography is superior compared to conventional B-mode imaging and appears to be able to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic masses and lymph nodes with a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It might be reserved as a second line examination to help characterise pancreatic masses after negative EUS-FNA and might increase the yield of EUS-FNA for lymph nodes.
An Exploration of Maternal Intimate Partner Violence Experiences and Infant General Health and Temperament

While the women’s health consequences of intimate partner violence have received much research attention, less is known about how maternal abuse experiences affect infant health and well-being. Existing studies have also been unable to examine specific types of intimate partner violence such as psychological aggression, physical abuse, and sexual coercion. This secondary data analysis explored the prevalence, patterns, and types of intimate partner violence within a large cohort of mothers and explored the relationship between maternal intimate partner violence experiences and infant’s general health and temperament at 1 year of age. Existing data were drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study which collected data through surveys conducted shortly after the infant’s birth (baseline) and at 1 year of age (follow-up). Records from 4,141 mothers recruited from 75 hospitals, in 20 cities, in the US were used. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Results show high rates of intimate partner violence. Maternal reports of any intimate partner violence at baseline or follow-up were both significantly associated with increased odds of less than excellent infant general health and difficult temperament. Independent examination of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse revealed differential relationships between the types of intimate partner violence and infant health outcomes. Results from this study contribute to our understanding of the infant health threats associated with maternal intimate partner violence experiences. Additional research addressing the complex relationship between maternal abuse experiences and infant health and specific intervention implications is warranted.
Saffron aqueous extract prevents metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine treatment: a randomized triple blind placebo controlled study.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess whether saffron aqueous extract (SAE) or its active constituent, crocin, prevents olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance in patients with schizophrenia.


METHODS
66 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were on olanzapine treatment (5-20 mg daily) were randomly allocated to receive a capsule of SAE (n=22; 30 mg daily), crocin (n=22; 30 mg daily) or placebo (n=22) in a 12-week triple-blind trial. Patients were screened not to have MetS at baseline and further assessment was done at weeks 6 and 12. Measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBS) and serum lipids were repeated at weeks 2, 6 and 12. Fasting blood levels of insulin and HbA1c were also measured at baseline and week 12. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were determined to evaluate insulin resistance.


RESULTS
61 patients completed the trial and no serious adverse effects were reported. Time-treatment interaction showed a significant difference in FBS in both SAE and crocin groups compared to placebo (p=0.004). In addition, SAE could effectively prevent reaching the criteria of metabolic syndrome (0 patients) compared to crocin (9.1%) and placebo (27.3%) as early as week 6.


CONCLUSION
SAE could prevent metabolic syndrome compared to crocin and placebo. Furthermore, both SAE and crocin prevented increases in blood glucose during the study.
A generic auto-provisioning framework for cloud databases

We discuss the problem of resource provisioning for database management systems operating on top of an Infrastructure-As-A-Service (IaaS) cloud. To solve this problem, we describe an extensible framework that, given a target query workload, continually optimizes the system's operational cost, estimated based on the IaaS provider's pricing model, while satisfying QoS expectations. Specifically, we describe two different approaches, a “white-box” approach that uses a fine-grained estimation of the expected resource consumption for a workload, and a “black-box” approach that relies on coarse-grained profiling to characterize the workload's end-to-end performance across various cloud resources. We formalize both approaches as a constraint programming problem and use a generic constraint solver to efficiently tackle them. We present preliminary experimental numbers, obtained by running TPC-H queries with PostsgreSQL on Amazon's EC2, that provide evidence of the feasibility and utility of our approaches. We also briefly discuss the pertinent challenges and directions of on-going research.
Physical activity in older people: a systematic review

BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) in older people is critically important in the prevention of disease, maintenance of independence and improvement of quality of life. Little is known about the physical activity of the older adults or their compliance with current physical activity guidelines.


METHODS
A systematic literature search of the published literature was conducted. Included were published reports of original research that independently reported: the PA level of non-institutional older adults (aged 60 years and over); and the proportion of older adults in the different samples who met PA recommendations or guidelines. The review was restricted to studies published since 2000 to provide a current picture of older adults' PA levels.


RESULTS
Fifty three papers were included in the review. The percentage of older adults meeting recommended physical activity ranged from 2.4 - 83.0% across the studies. Definitions of "recommended" physical activity in older adults varied across the studies as did approaches to measurement which posed methodological challenges to data analysis. Older age groups were less likely than the reference group to be regularly active, and women were less likely than men to achieve regular physical activity, especially leisure time physical activity, when measured by both subjective and objective criteria.


CONCLUSION
The review highlights the need for studies which recruit representative random samples of community based older people and employ validated measurement methods consistently to enable comparison of PA levels over time and between countries.
Thirty wasted years: Australian social security development, 1950–80, in comparative perspective∗

Abstract This article seeks to examine the reasons why Australia, in the postwar period of economic growth and social security expansion, so resolutely remained at the bottom of the international league table of welfare state development. Four possible explanations are located — programme inertia, economic resource growth, the age structure of the population and right‐wing political hegemony — and each is shown to have some impact on social security development. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the traditional dilemma for democratic socialist parties of combining reformist political goals with sufficient economic growth.