LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Little Engine that Could: Regularization by Denoising (RED)

Removal of noise from an image is an extensively studied problem in image processing. Indeed, the recent advent of sophisticated and highly effective denoising algorithms lead some to believe that existing methods are touching the ceiling in terms of noise removal performance. Can we leverage this impressive achievement to treat other tasks in image processing? Recent work has answered this question positively, in the form of the Plug-and-Play Prior (P 3) method, showing that any inverse problem can be handled by sequentially applying image denoising steps. This relies heavily on the ADMM optimization technique in order to obtain this chained denoising interpretation. Is this the only way in which tasks in image processing can exploit the image denoising engine? In this paper we provide an alternative, more powerful and more flexible framework for achieving the same goal. As opposed to the P 3 method, we offer Regularization by Denoising (RED): using the denoising engine in defining the regularization of the inverse problem. We propose an explicit image-adaptive Laplacian-based regularization functional, making the overall objective functional clearer and better defined. With a complete flexibility to choose the iterative optimization procedure for minimizing the above functional, RED is capable of incorporating any image denoising algorithm, treat general inverse problems very effectively, and is guaranteed to converge to the globally optimal result. We test this approach and demonstrate state-of-the-art results in the image deblurring and super-resolution problems. keywords: Image Denoising Engine, Plug-and-Play Prior, Laplacian Regularization, Inverse Problems. ∗The Electrical Engineering Department, The Technion Israel Institute of Technology. ‡Google Research, Mountain View, California. 1 ar X iv :1 61 1. 02 86 2v 3 [ cs .C V ] 3 S ep 2 01 7
Knee joint laxity affects muscle activation patterns in the healthy knee.

This study investigated the effects of anterior knee joint laxity on muscle activation patterns prior to and following a lower extremity perturbation. Participants were subjected to a forward and either internal (IR) or external (ER) rotation perturbation of the trunk and thigh on the weight-bearing shank. Pre-activity (%MVIC) before the perturbation, and reflex time (ms) and mean reflex amplitude (%MVIC) following the perturbation were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG) in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, hamstring and quadriceps muscles. Twenty-one NCAA DI intercollegiate female athletes with below average anterior knee laxity (3-5 mm) were compared to 21 with above average anterior knee laxity (7-14 mm) as measured by a standard knee arthrometer. Groups differed in reflex timing by muscle (P = 0.013), with females with above average knee laxity (KT((>7 mm))) demonstrating a 16 ms greater delay in biceps femoris reflex timing compared to females with below average knee laxity (KT((<5 mm))). Groups also differed in muscle activation amplitude by response, muscle and direction of rotation (i.e. a 4-way interaction; P = 0.027). The magnitude of change from pre to post perturbation was significantly less in KT((>7 mm)) vs. KT((<5 mm)) for the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius muscles, primarily due to higher levels of muscle preactivity while awaiting the perturbation (MG = 20% vs. 12% MVIC, P = 0.05; LG = 33% vs. 21% MVIC, P = 0.11). Further, KT((>7 mm)) demonstrated higher activation levels in the biceps femoris than KT((<5 mm)) (47% vs. 27% MVIC; P = 0.025) regardless of response (pre vs. post perturbation) or direction of rotation. These findings suggest females with increased knee laxity may be less sensitive to joint displacement or loading (delayed reflex), and are more reliant on active control of the gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles to potentially compensate for reduced passive joint stability.
Smart Home-Control and Monitoring System Using Smart Phone

This paper presents a low cost and flexible home control and monitoring system using an embedded micro-web server, with IP connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using Android based Smart phone app. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment with more than just the switching functionality.
Chia Seeds as a Source of Natural Lipid Antioxidants

Chia (Salvia sp) seeds were investtgated as a source of natural lipid antioxidants. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of defatted chia seeds possessed potent antioxidant activity. Analysis of 2 batches of cbia-seed oils demonstrated marked difference in the fatty acid composition of the oils, In both batches, the oils had high concentrations of polyunsauarated fatty acids. The major antioxidant activity in the nonhydrolyzed extract was caused by flavonol glycosides, chlorogenic acid (7.1 X 10 -4 mol/kg of seed) and caffeic acid (6.6 X 10 -3 m/kg). Major antioxidants of the hydrolyzed extracts were flavonol aglycones/kaempferol (1.1 X 10 -3 m/kg), quercetin (2.0 X 104 m/kg) and myricetin (3.1 X 103 m/kg); and caffeic acid (t.35 X 10 -2 m/kg). Two methods were used to measure antioxidant activities, Both were based on measuring bleaching of B-carotene in the coupled oxidation of/3-carotene and linoleic acid in the presence of added antioxidant~
Tools to support systematic reviews in software engineering: a feature analysis

Background The labour intensive and error prone nature of the systematic review process has led to the development and use of a range of tools to provide automated support.
 Aim The aim of this research is to evaluate a set of candidate tools that provide support for the overall systematic review process.
 Method A feature analysis is performed to compare and evaluate four candidate tools.
 Results Each of the candidates has some strengths and some weaknesses. SLuRp has the highest overall score and SLRTOOL has the lowest overall score. SLuRp scores well on process management features such as support for multiple users and document management and less well on ease of installation.
 Conclusions Although the tools do not yet support the whole systematic review process they provide a good basis for further development. We suggest a community effort to establish a set of features that can inform future tool development.
The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in a clinical population of reproductive-age women.


METHODS
A ten-page questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of women age 18-45 years who were approached in the waiting areas of two obstetrics and gynecology practices and three family medicine practices in central North Carolina. Of 701 women approached to fill out the questionnaire, 581 (83%) returned completed forms suitable for analysis.


RESULTS
The reported prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome was 90, 46, 39, and 12%, respectively. Low income was found to be a risk factor for dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, and African-American race was found to be a risk factor for pelvic pain. Pelvic pain was also more common among women 26-30 years old. Otherwise, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome were not associated with age, parity, marital status, race, income, or education.


CONCLUSION
Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome are common complaints among women of reproductive age and are not consistently associated with demographic risk factors. Therefore, inquiry about these pelvic pain complaints should be a routine part of health care for women.
Successful and rapid treatment of blue and green tattoo pigment with a novel picosecond laser.

BACKGROUND
While the understanding and technology of laser tattoo removal has advanced much over the last 5 decades, treatments and results remain far from perfect. With currently available devices, treatment courses are often painful and prolonged with mixed results. We describe the successful and rapid treatment of 12 tattoos containing blue and/or green pigment with a novel, picosecond, 755-nm alexandrite laser.


OBSERVATIONS
All previously untreated multicolored tattoos as well as tattoos recalcitrant to treatment demonstrated at least 75% clearance of blue and green pigment after 1 or 2 treatments with a novel, picosecond, 755-nm alexandrite laser. More than two-thirds of these tattoos approached closer to 100% clearance.


CONCLUSIONS
While additional future studies are needed, we believe that this new technology is more effective in targeting blue and green pigment, resulting in expedited clearance with less collateral injury to surrounding tissue.
PENANGANAN PSIKOPATOLOGI DENGAN PSIKOTERAPI ISLAMI

a review of psychology, psychopathology can be started from three assumptions. First, the Freudian assumed that the human soul was basically born in sickness, evil, negative / destructive. To be positive, it need companion ways that are impersonal and directive / directing. Second, as a behaviorist, Skinner assumed that the human soul was born in neutral (not sick and unhealthy), where the environment plays a role in determining the direction of its development. Third, Maslow and Rogers as a humanistic figure assume that the human soul was born in a state of conscious, free, responsible and guided by positive forces emanating from itself to the expansion of all human potential to its fullest. Whereas in Islamic studies of psychopathology can be divided into two categories, namely the worldly, as has been formulated by contemporary psychology, and the hereafter. This paper attempts to explain anything what kinds of psychotherapy according to the study of Islam and how Islam is doing its part in the psychotherapy world and ukhrowi psychopathology. Keywords: Islamic psychotherapy, psychopathology
Cost-effectiveness of total disc replacement versus multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain: a Norwegian multicenter RCT.

STUDY DESIGN
Randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of total disc replacement (TDR) versus multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MDR) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The existing studies on CLBP report cost-effectiveness of fusion surgery versus disc replacement and fusion versus rehabilitation. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of TDR versus MDR.


METHODS
Between April 2004 and May 2007, 173 patients with CLBP (>1 yr) were randomized to TDR (n = 86) or MDR (n = 87). Treatment effects (Euro Qol 5D [EQ-5D] and Short Form 6D [SF-6D]) and relevant direct and indirect costs at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment were assessed. Gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after 2 years was estimated. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.


RESULTS
The mean QALYs gained (standard deviation) using EQ-5D was 1.29 (0.53) in the TDR group and 0.95 (0.52) in the MDR group, a significant difference of 0.34 (95% confidence interval 0.18-0.50). The mean total cost per patient in the TDR group was &OV0556;87,622 (58,351) compared with &OV0556;74,116 (58,237) in the MDR group, which was not significantly different (95% confidence interval: -4041 to 31,755). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the TDR procedure varied from &OV0556;39,748 using EQ-5D (TDR cost-effective) to &OV0556;128,328 using SF-6D (TDR not cost-effective). The dropout rate was 20% (15% TDR group, 24% MDR group). Five patients moved from the MDR to the TDR group, whereas 9 patients randomized to TDR declined surgery. Using per-protocol analysis instead of intention-to-treat analysis indicated that TDR was not cost-effective, irrespective of the use of EQ-5D or SF-6D.


CONCLUSION
In this study, TDR was cost-effective compared with MDR after 2 years when using EQ-5D for assessing QALYs gained and a willingness to pay of &OV0556;74,600 (kr500,000/QALY). TDR was not cost-effective when SF-6D was used; therefore, our results should be interpreted with caution. Longer follow-up is needed to accurately assess the cost-effectiveness of TDR.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2.
Effect of flow-triggered adaptive servo-ventilation compared with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with chronic heart failure with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

BACKGROUND
In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), the presence of sleep-disordered breathing, including either obstructive sleep apnea or Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea, is associated with a poor prognosis. A large-scale clinical trial showed that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) did not improve the prognosis of such patients with CHF, probably because of insufficient sleep-disordered breathing suppression. Recently, it was reported that adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) can effectively treat sleep-disordered breathing. However, there are no specific data about the efficacy of flow-triggered ASV for cardiac function in patients with CHF with sleep-disordered breathing. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of flow-triggered ASV to CPAP in patients with CHF with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Thirty-one patients with CHF, defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <50% and New York Heart Association class >or=II, with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea, were randomly assigned to either CPAP or flow-triggered ASV. The suppression of respiratory events, changes in cardiac function, and compliance with the devices during the 3-month study period were compared. Although both devices decreased respiratory events, ASV more effectively suppressed respiratory events (DeltaAHI [apnea-hypopnea index], -35.4+/-19.5 with ASV; -23.2+/-12.0 with CPAP, P<0.05). Compliance was significantly greater with ASV than with CPAP (5.2+/-0.9 versus 4.4+/-1.1 h/night, P<0.05). The improvements in quality-of-life and left ventricular ejection fraction were greater in the ASV group (DeltaLVEF [left ventricular ejection fraction], +9.1+/-4.7% versus +1.9+/-10.9%).


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that patients with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea may receive greater benefit from treatment with ASV than with CPAP.
A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been used in integrating information and accelerating its distribution across functions and departments with the aim to increase organizations’ operational performance. Thus, it is worth measuring ERP system performance based on its impact to critical performance of an organization: this requires a systematic method that bridges ERP performance measurement and key organizational performance. The hierarchical balanced scorecard (HBSC) model with respect to multiple criteria decision-making is such a systematic approach to ERP performance measurement. An ERP evaluation framework that integrates the balanced scorecard dimensions, linguistic variables, and non-additive fuzzy integral provides an objective approach to measuring both the performance level of the ERP system and its contribution to the strategic objectives of high-tech firms. Taking Taiwan’s high-tech firms as an example, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated approach to measure the performance of ERP systems at the post-implementation stage under evaluators’ subjective, uncertainty, and vagueness judgments. ã 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Case for the Interspecies Transfer of Emotions: A Preliminary Investigation on How Humans Odors Modify Reactions of the Autonomic Nervous System in Horses

We examined the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity of horses in response to human body odors (BOs) produced under happy and fear states. The ANS response of horses was analyzed in terms of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features extracted in the frequency domain. Our results revealed that human BOs induce sympathetic and parasympathetic changes and stimulate horses emotionally, suggesting interspecies transfer of emotions via BOs. These preliminary findings open the way to measure changes in horse’s ANS dynamics in response to human internal states via human BOs, and allow us to better understand unexpected animal behavior that could compromise human-horse interaction. Moreover, it becomes possible to design more effective strategies to manage animals across a range of situations in which a strict humananimal interaction is required, such as the well known Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT).
One year maintenance of carboplatin in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer--a phase II study.

BACKGROUND
The 5 year survival rate in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is 25-40% and treatment is mainly palliative once the disease recurs.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the time to progression, overall survival and toxicity of 1 year maintenance treatment with carboplatin in women with advanced EOC after achieving complete remission with platinum-based combination chemotherapy.


METHODS
Twenty-two women with epithelial ovarian cancer stage III-IV previously treated with platinum-based combinations who had achieved complete remission evidenced by symptoms, pelvic examination, computerized tomography and serum CA-125, were assigned to the study protocol consisting of: carboplatin of AUC=6, three cycles every 2 months, followed by two cycles once every 3 months for a total of five courses over 1 year.


RESULTS
Median follow-up in the 22 patients was 83 months (range 18-133 months), median disease-free survival was 36 months (range 2.5-126.4, 95% confidence interval 16.39-56.34). The 5 year survival was 59.7% with a mean overall survival of 83 months (range 18-133, 95% CI 39.11-127.29). Eleven patients have relapsed and died, 11 are alive, 6 are still in complete remission, and 5 are alive with recurrent disease. Grade III-IV toxicity was shown in some of the patients, anemia in 9%, thrombocytopenia in 9%, fatigue in 4.5%, and hypersensitivity in 4.5%.


CONCLUSIONS
A 1 year extension of treatment with a single-agent carboplatin, administered to women with advanced EOC who had achieved complete recovery on platinum-based chemotherapy as their first-line therapy, has an acceptable toxicity. The disease-free survival and overall survival values noted in this study are encouraging and warrant further investigation.
Influence of order-disorder effects on the magnetic and optical properties of NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles

Abstract In this study, we focused on the influence of structural order-disorder effects on the magnetic and optical properties of single-phase nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles that, were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and subsequently calcined at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C for 120 min in ambient atmosphere. These results from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm that the NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles have an inverse spinel structure with high purity and crystallinity. The average particle size range between 12 nm and 42 nm depending on the calcination temperature. An analysis of the hysteresis loops revealed a ferromagnetic behavior with an increase in saturation magnetization to 13.2 emu/g from 8.2 emu/g at room temperature. At 7 K, the nanoparticles exhibited saturation magnetization of about 18.1–19.8 emu/g and change in crystallite size, as the calcination temperature increased. UV–vis diffuse spectra results showed an increase in the direct band gap in the range 1.35–1.43 eV, likely due to the increased crystallinity of the NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed a strong emission in the visible region, which can easily be attributed to the presence of structural disorders in the [FeO 6 ], [FeO 4 ], and [NiO 6 ] clusters of the NiFe 2 O 4 powders. Finally, it was found that these NiFe 2 O 4 powders as-prepared have oxygen atoms that occupy different positions and are highly disturbed in the NiFe 2 O 4 lattice. These findings provide insights into the magnetic and optical behavior of NiFe 2 O 4 spinel nanocrystals, with a significant emphasis on structural order-disorder effects, and help reveal the relationship between structure and properties at the atomic level.
Twenty-four-hour observational study of hospital hand hygiene compliance.

This observational study measured healthcare workers' (HCWs'), patients' and visitors' hand hygiene compliance over a 24h period in two hospital wards using the 'five moments of hand hygiene' observation tool. Hand hygiene is considered to be the most effective measure in reducing healthcare-associated infections but studies have reported suboptimal levels of compliance. Most studies have used random observational time-periods for data collection and this has been criticised. We monitored a total of 823 hand hygiene opportunities (HCWs, N=659; patients and visitors, N=164). Among HCWs, compliance was 47% for doctors, 75% for nurses, 78% for allied health professionals, and 59% for ancillary and other staff (P<0.001). There was no difference in compliance between patients and visitors (56% vs 57%, P=0.87). Hand hygiene compliance varied depending on which of the five moments of hygiene HCWs had undertaken (P<0.001), with compliance before an aseptic task being 100% (3/3); after body fluid exposure 93% (86/93); after patient contact 80% (114/142); before patient contact 68% (196/290); and after contact with surroundings 50% (65/129). Lower levels of compliance were found for HCWs working during the early shift (P<0.001). For patients and visitors there was no evidence of an association between moments of hygiene and compliance. Levels of compliance were higher compared with previous reported estimates. Medical staff had the lowest level of compliance and this continues to be a concern which warrants specific future interventions.
Copy number variations in cryptogenic cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of copy number variations (CNVs) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) of unknown etiology, comprising approximately 20% of the CP population.


METHODS
Fifty-two participants (age 10.5 ± 7.8 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System scale 2.8 ± 1.3) with nonprogressive pyramidal and/or extrapyramidal signs since infancy and no identified etiology were enrolled. Individuals with evidence of acquired causes were excluded. Participants underwent neurologic and clinical genetic examinations before the genomic testing. Chromosomal microarray analysis to detect CNVs was performed using the Affymetrix platform. CNVs identified were classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, likely benign, or benign. Only pathogenic and likely pathogenic CNVs were defined as clinically significant.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine CNVs were found in 25 of 52 participants (48%). Sixteen participants (31%) had clinically significant CNVs: 10 pathogenic and 6 likely pathogenic, of which 7 were not previously associated with motor disability. Nine participants had likely benign CNVs. Clinically significant CNVs were more frequently de novo (12/16; p < 0.001) including in 5 of 8 individuals who had a first- or second-degree relative with a major neurologic disorder. Dysmorphic features and nonmotor comorbidities were more prevalent in individuals with clinically significant CNVs (p < 0.05 for both).


CONCLUSION
CNVs, most frequently de novo, are common in individuals with cryptogenic CP. We recommend CNV testing in individuals with CP of unknown etiology.