LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Patient behaviors associated with optimum glycemic outcomes with sensor-augmented pump therapy: insights from the STAR 3 study.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this analysis was to identify patient behaviors that led to optimum glycemic outcomes in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) who transitioned from multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy.


METHODS
Sensor-augmented pump Therapy for A1C Reduction (STAR 3), a randomized controlled trial, assigned 485 suboptimally controlled T1DM subjects to either MDI therapy (n = 241) or SAP therapy (n = 244). We categorized subjects in the latter group according to age at enrollment and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) value after using the SAP system for 12 months. Pairwise comparisons of how the pump features were used between SAP subjects with the highest and lowest end-of-study A1C values were made via t tests.


RESULTS
Larger decreases in A1C values were significantly correlated with increasing sensor use in both the adult and pediatric age groups. Subjects in the low-A1C cohorts of both pediatric and adult age groups gave themselves smaller and more frequent boluses and used the Bolus Wizard bolus estimation calculator more frequently than subjects in age-matched high-A1C cohorts. Children in the low-A1C cohort used less insulin than children in the high-A1C cohort. There was no additional hypoglycemia in either the adult or pediatric low-A1C cohorts versus their high-A1C counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
Both adult and pediatric patients with T1DM on SAP who use CGM sensors more often will have a greater decrease in their A1C values than those who do not demonstrate these behaviors. Routine use of CGM may lead to smaller and more frequent bolus dosing, enabling this population to safely reach their A1C goals.
Dynamic balance during gait in children and adults with Generalized Joint Hypermobility.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the study was to investigate if differences of the head and trunk stability and stabilization strategies exist between subjects classified with Generalized Joint Hypermobility and healthy controls during gait. It was hypothesized that joint hypermobility could lead to decreased head and trunk stability and a head stabilization strategy similar to what have been observed in individuals with decreased locomotor performance.


METHODS
A comparative study design was used wherein 19 hypermobile children were compared to 19 control children, and 18 hypermobile adults were compared to 18 control adults. The subjects were tested during normal walking and walking on a line. Kinematics of head, shoulder, spine and pelvis rotations were measured by five digital video cameras in order to assess the segmental stability (angular dispersion) and stabilization strategies (anchoring index) in two rotational components: roll and yaw.


FINDINGS
Hypermobile children and adults showed decreased lateral trunk stability in both walking conditions. In hypermobile children, it was accompanied with decreased head stability as the head was stabilized by the inferior segment when walking on a line. Several additional differences were observed in stability and stabilization strategies for both children and adults.


INTERPRETATION
Stability of the trunk was decreased in hypermobile children and adults. This may be a consequence of decreased stability of the head. Hypermobile children showed a different mode of head stabilization during more demanding locomotor conditions indicating delayed locomotor development. The findings reflect that Generalized Joint Hypermobility probably include motor control deficits.
Improved Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for Neural Stimulation.

OBJECTIVE
This study compares the stability of three variations of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT for neural micro-stimulation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. We examined PEDOT films deposited with counter-ions tetrafluoroborate (TFB) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and


PEDOT
PSS combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs).


METHODS
For the in vitro stability evaluation, implantable micro-wires were coated with the polymers, placed in a vial containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS) under accelerated aging conditions (60°C), and current pulses were applied. The resulting voltage profile was monitored over time. Following the same polymer deposition protocol, chronic neural micro-probes were modified and implanted in the motor cortex of two rats for the in vivo stability comparison. Similar stimulating current pulses were applied and the output voltage was examined. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) data were also recorded and fit to an equivalent circuit model that incorporates and quantifies the time-dependent polymer degradation and impedance associated with tissue surrounding each micro-electrode site.


RESULTS
Both in vitro and in vivo voltage output profiles show relatively stable behavior for the


PEDOT
TFB modified micro-electrodes compared to the


PEDOT
PSS and CNT:


PEDOT
PSS modified ones. EIS modeling demonstrates that the time-dependent increase in the polymeric resistance is roughly similar to the rise in the respective voltage output in vivo and indicates that the polymeric stability and conductivity, rather than the impedance due to the tissue response, is the primary factor determining the output voltage profile. It was also noted that the number of electrodes showing unit activity post-surgery did not decay for


PEDOT
TFB as was the case for


PEDOT
PSS and CNT:


PEDOT
PSS.


CONCLUSIONS



PEDOT
TFB may be an enabling material for achieving long lasting micro-stimulation and recording.
How to measure uncertainties in environmental risk assessment

Environmental risk assessment is an essential element in any decision-making process in order to minimize the effects of human activities on the environment. Unfortunately, often environmental data tends to be vague and imprecise, so uncertainty is associated with any study related with these kind of data. Essentially, uncertainty in risk assessment may have two origins – randomness and incompleteness. There are two main ways to deal with these uncertainties – probability theory and fuzzy logic. Probability theory is based on a stochastic approach, using probability functions to describe random variability in environmental parameters. Fuzzy logic uses membership functions and linguistic parameters to express vagueness in environmental issues. We discuss the best way to deal with uncertainties in the environmental field and give examples of probabilistic and fuzzy-logic approaches applied to environmental risk assessment. a 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Towards Federated Learning at Scale: System Design

Federated Learning is a distributed machine learning approach which enables model training on a large corpus of decentralized data. We have built a scalable production system for Federated Learning in the domain of mobile devices, based on TensorFlow. In this paper, we describe the resulting high-level design, sketch some of the challenges and their solutions, and touch upon the open problems and future directions.
Reversible data hiding with histogram-based difference expansion for QR code applications

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm in reversible data hiding, with the application associated with the quick response (QR) codes. QR codes are random patterns, which can be commonly observed on the corner of posters or webpages. The goal of QR codes aims at convenienceoriented applications for mobile phone users. People can use the mobile phone cameras to capture QR code at the corner of web page, and then the hyperlink corresponding to the QR code can be accessed instantly. Since QR code looks like random noise and it occupies a corner of the original image, its existence can greatly reduce the value of the original content. Thus, how to retain the value of original image, while keeping the capability for the instant access for webpages, would be the major concern of this paper. With the aid of our reversible data hiding technique, the QR codes can be hidden into the original image, and considerable increase in embedding capacity can be expected. Next, we propose a scheme such that when the image containing the QR code is browsed, the hyperlink corresponding to the QR code is accessed first. Then, the QR code could get vanished and the original image would be recovered to retain the information conveyed therein. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus docetaxel as second-line therapy for metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group phase II study.

OBJECTIVE
Doxorubicin-based treatment is standard therapy for metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. There is no standard second-line therapy. We determined activity of fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus docetaxel as second-line treatment for metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma.


METHODS
Eligible women with unresectable uterine leiomyosarcoma progressing after prior cytotoxic therapy were treated with gemcitabine 900 mg/m(2) days one and eight over 90 min, plus docetaxel 100 mg/m(2) on day 8 of a 21-day cycle with granulocyte growth factor. Patients with prior pelvic radiation received lower doses. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) response was assessed by computed tomography (CT).


RESULTS
Forty-eight of 51 women were evaluable for response (one wrong histology, two never treated). Prior therapy was doxorubicin-based in 90%, and ifosfamide-based in 6%. The overall objective response rate is 27%, with complete response in 6.3% (3/48), and partial response in 20.8% (10/48). An additional 50% (24/48) had stable disease (median duration 5.4 months). The median number of cycles per patient was 5.5 (range 1-22); 73% of patients remained progression-free at 12 weeks and 52% at 24 weeks. The predominant toxicity was uncomplicated myelosuppression: thrombocytopenia grade 3 (29%), grade 4 (10.4%); neutropenia grade 3 (12.5%), grade 4 (8.3%) anemia grade 3 (20.8%), grade 4 (4.2%). While pulmonary toxicity was reported, no patient had drug-related pneumonitis/hypoxia-type toxicity. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.6+ months (range 0.7-27+ months). The median duration of objective response was 9+ months (range 3.9-24.5+ months).


CONCLUSION
Fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus docetaxel is active second-line therapy for uterine leiomyosarcoma.
Body Mass Index at Diagnosis and Breast Cancer Survival Prognosis in Clinical Trial Populations from NRG Oncology/NSABP B-30, B-31, B-34, and B-38.

BACKGROUND
Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with breast cancer outcomes. However, few studies used clinical trial settings where treatments and outcomes are consistently evaluated and documented. There are also limited data assessing how patient/disease characteristics and treatment may alter the BMI-breast cancer association.


METHODS
We evaluated 15,538 breast cancer participants from four NSABP protocols. B-34 studied early-stage breast cancer patients (N = 3,311); B-30 and B-38 included node-positive breast cancer patients (N = 5,265 and 4,860); and B-31 studied node-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer patients (N = 2,102). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate adjusted hazards ratios (HR) for risk of death and recurrence, and conducted separate analyses by estrogen receptor (ER) status and treatment group.


RESULTS
In B-30, increased BMI was significantly related to survival. Compared with BMI < 25, HRs were 1.04 for BMI 25 to 29.9 and 1.18 for BMI ≥ 30 (P = 0.02). Separate analyses indicated the significant relationship was only in ER-positive disease (P = 0.002) and the subgroup treated with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (P = 0.005). There were no significant trends across BMI for the other three trials. Similar results were found for recurrence. Increased BMI was significantly related to recurrence in B-30 (P = 0.03); and the significant relationship was only in ER-positive breast cancers (P = 0.001). Recurrence was also significant among ER-positive disease in B-38 (P = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
In our investigation, we did not find a consistent relationship between BMI at diagnosis and breast cancer recurrence or death.


IMPACT
This work demonstrates that the heterogeneity of breast cancer between different breast cancer populations and the different therapies used to treat them may modify any association that exists between BMI and breast cancer outcome.
Vein Detection System using Infrared Light

The process of obtaining intravenous (IV) access, Venipuncture, is an everyday invasive procedure in medical settings and there are more than one billion venipuncture related procedures like blood draws, peripheral catheter insertions, intravenous therapies, etc. performed per year [3]. Excessive venipunctures are both time and resource consuming events causing anxiety, pain and distress in patients, or can lead to severe harmful injuries [8]. The major problem faced by the doctors today is difficulty in accessing veins for intra-venous drug delivery & other medical situations [3]. There is a need to develop vein detection devices which can clearly show veins. This project deals with the design development of non-invasive subcutaneous vein detection system and is implemented based on near infrared imaging and interfaced to a laptop to make it portable. A customized CCD camera is used for capturing the vein images and Computer Software modules (MATLAB & LabVIEW) is used for the processing [3].
How much do innovation strategies differ across firms, industries and countries? ∗

Abstract Our aim is to quantify innovation strategies of firms based on evidence from the CIS data. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro data from CIS3 in 13 countries, we identify four factors that that can be interpreted as re-search-based, user-driven, extensive and social responsibility innovation strate-gies. Since it has been put forward that diversity in the way how firms innovate can be explained by differences across sectors and/or countries, we explore to what extent the innovation strategy of a firm is influenced by this context. We use cross-classified mixed-effects model to partition the variation of innovation strategies into components identified by sectors, countries, and idiosyncrasies at the firm level. The analysis shows that sectors and countries matter to a certain extent, but most of the variance (from 80 to 95%) is given by heterogeneity among firms. Keywords: Heterogeneity, innovation strategy, innovation system, factor analysis, mixed-effects model. ∗
NASA ADA experiment — attitude dynamic simulator

Jl~a Un| t Type (Check a l l that apply) _ _ Subprogram package Task Body " Speci f i c a t ion Figure 2: Example of Data Collection Form T.%%%E~&%I%%%% P ~ N N I N G TRAINING EVALUATING NASA. CSC. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND FORTRAN AOA SOFTWARE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT REQUESTS FOR CTION INFORM ADA TEAM I FORTRAN TEAM NASA. CSC DATA i NASA. CSC Figure 3: Team Relationship [i]
Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult.

Judith Jacobi, PharmD, FCCM, BCPS; Gilles L. Fraser, PharmD, FCCM; Douglas B. Coursin, MD; Richard R. Riker, MD; Dorrie Fontaine, RN, DNSc, FAAN; Eric T. Wittbrodt, PharmD; Donald B. Chalfin, MD, MS, FCCM; Michael F. Masica, MD, MPH; H. Scott Bjerke, MD; William M. Coplin, MD; David W. Crippen, MD, FCCM; Barry D. Fuchs, MD; Ruth M. Kelleher, RN; Paul E. Marik, MDBCh, FCCM; Stanley A. Nasraway, Jr, MD, FCCM; Michael J. Murray, MD, PhD, FCCM; William T. Peruzzi, MD, FCCM; Philip D. Lumb, MB, BS, FCCM. Developed through the Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), in collaboration with the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), and in alliance with the American College of Chest Physicians; and approved by the Board of Regents of ACCM and the Council of SCCM and the ASHP Board of Directors
The treatment of advanced chronic lower limb ischaemia with marrow stem cell autotransplantation.

INTRODUCTION
Conventional methods of critical leg ischaemia treatment are of limited efficacy. Amputation, as an ultimate solution, is not so rare. The results of marrow stem cell therapy as a potential novel approach to peripheral artery disease management were presented in 2002 by Tateishi-Yuyamy.


AIM
To assess efficacy and safety of critical lower limb ischaemia treatment with marrow stem cell autotransplantation.


METHODS
Ten patients suffering from chronic leg ischaemia in Fontaine IV stadium were involved in the study. They did not require emergency amputation and had previously been unsuccessfully treated with conventional therapy. Autologic marrow stem cells were condensated by a separator from bone marrow samples taken from the iliac crest. The cells were delivered intramuscularly by repeated injections into the pedal and tibial regions. The number of CD34 and AC133 positive mononuclear cells in each sample was evaluated by flow cytometry. After two weeks and one, two, three and twelve months the following parameters were measured: Laser Doppler Flux (LDF), percutaneous oxygen partial pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), visual analgesic scale (VAS), analgesic therapy requirement and ulceration area. Also, lower leg angiography and scintigraphy were performed.


RESULTS
An improvement of the peripheral blood flow assessed by Laser Doppler Flux and percutaneous oxygen partial pressure was found. Pain severity decreased in the majority of patients. Amputation was required in three patients in whom the therapy failed. No side effects of the therapy were observed. The clinical effect of the treatment did not correlate with the amount of cells injected.


CONCLUSION
Marrow stem cell autotransplantation into the ischaemic lower limb seems to be a potentially effective method of peripheral perfusion enhancement. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of such improvement.
Poetry: Letters from Babylon

Written immediately following the Los Angeles riots in 1992, Anthony ­Koeninger’s poems, Letters from Babylon, combine historical and contemporary African-American topics. The poems weave portraits of inner-city life and political and social issues with jazz culture.
A randomized trial to increase physical activity in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE
Interventions to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors are needed to improve health and quality of life and possibly to reduce the risk of disease recurrence and early mortality. Therefore, we report the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a pilot randomized trial designed to increase physical activity in sedentary breast cancer survivors receiving hormone therapy.


METHODS
Forty-one sedentary women on estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors for stage I, II, or IIIA breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive a 12-wk multidisciplinary physical activity behavior change intervention or usual care.


RESULTS
Recruitment was 34%, intervention adherence was 99%, and complete follow-up data were obtained on 93%. Most participants (93%) were white with mean age of 53 +/- 9 yr. Differences favoring the intervention group were noted for accelerometer physical activity counts (mean difference = 72,103; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25,383-119,000; effect size (d) = 1.02; P = 0.004), aerobic fitness (mean difference = 2.9; 95% CI = -0.1 to 5.8; d = 0.64; P = 0.058), back/leg muscle strength (mean difference = 12.3; 95% CI = 0.4-15.9; d = 0.81; P = 0.017), waist-to-hip ratio (mean difference = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.01 to -0.08; d = -0.77; P = 0.018), and social well-being (mean difference = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.3-3.8; d = 0.76; P = 0.03). However, the intervention group also reported a greater increase in joint stiffness (mean difference = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.1-2.2; d = 0.70; P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
A behavior change intervention for breast cancer survivors based on the social cognitive theory is feasible and results in potentially meaningful improvements in physical activity and selected health outcomes. Confirmation in a larger study is warranted.
Doppler Frequency Geolocation of Uncooperative Radars

Passive geolocation of uncooperative radar emitters remains an important problem in radar electronic warfare. Several location estimation techniques have been investigated in the past. In this paper, we present a passive geolocation technique for radar emitters using Doppler frequency measurements. For uncooperative sources, neither the emitter location, nor its transmitted frequency is known a priori. The relationship between these unknowns and the measured Doppler frequencies is non-linear. In the special case where the moving receiver measures frequencies along a straight path at constant speed, the relationship becomes linear in the Cartesian location coordinates. A simple 1-D discrete search for the transmitted frequency is followed by a least squares (LS) estimator to provide a coarse estimate of the emitter coordinates. This is followed by Newton's algorithm to provide a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. The simulation results demonstrate that the resulting ML estimator approximately meets the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB).
Value and limitations of peak-to-peak gradient for evaluation of aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), it has been reported that the transvalvular pressure gradients (APs) may be reduced or even abolished in the presence of concomitant arterial hypertension, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The study aim was to: (i) examine the relationship between systemic arterial hemodynamics and the peak-to-peak (deltaP(PtoP)), peak deltaP and mean deltaP; and (ii) propose and validate a new formula for the non-invasive estimation of the deltaP(PtoP) and of the peak left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) using Doppler echocardiography.


METHODS
Two fixed stenoses (geometric orifice area 1.0 and 1.35 cm2) and one bioprosthesis (effective orifice area (EOA) 1.2 cm2) were tested in a mock flow circulation model. Systemic vascular resistance (R) was increased from 1,500 to 3,300 dyne.s/cm5, and systemic arterial compliance (C) was decreased from 2.9 to 0.9 ml/mmHg, while transvalvular flow was held constant.


RESULTS
Neither C nor R had any significant impact on EOA, peak deltaP and mean deltaP. deltaP(PtoP) was decreased markedly, however, when C was reduced (bioprosthesis: -15 mmHg (-69%); orifice 1.35 cm2: -24 mmHg (-30%); cm2: (-13%)). Subsequently, an equation was proposed to predict deltaP(PtoP) from EOA, mean deltaP, and C measured by Doppler echocardiography. LVSP calculated by adding the predicted deltaP(Ptop) to systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was compared with LVSP measured directly in a dataset of 24 pigs with experimentally induced AS. There was a strong agreement between the estimated and measured LVSP (r = 0.97; mean absolute error 5 +/- 5 mmHg).


CONCLUSION
deltaP(Ptop) should not be used to evaluate AS severity because, as opposed to peak and mean deltaPs, it is highly influenced by C. The new non-invasive method proposed in this study to estimate the LVSP may be useful for obtaining a more accurate estimate of global LV afterload in patients with AS.