LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

s 25:527–46. Eck, John E., and Julie Wartell. 1996. Reducing Crime and Drug Dealing by Improving Place Management: A Randomized Experiment. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Eck, John E., and David Weisburd, eds. 1995. Crime and Place: Crime Prevention Studies 4. Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press. Farrington, David. 1983. Randomized experiments in crime and justices. In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 4, eds. Michael Tonry and Norval Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Felson, Marcus. 1994. Crime and Everyday Life: Implications and Insights for Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? 587 Gabor, Thomas. 1990. Preventing crime: Current issues and debates. Canadian Journal of Criminology 32:1–212. Green, Lorraine. 1995. Cleaning up drug hot spots in Oakland, California: The displacement and diffusion effects. Justice Quarterly 12:737–54. Green, Lorraine. 1996. Policing Places with Drug Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Green, Lorraine, and Jan Roehl. 1998. Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. Green, Lorraine, Justin Ready, William Terrill, and Elin Waring. 2000. Problem oriented policing in public housing: The Jersey City evaluation. Justice Quarterly 17:129–58. Hesseling, Rene. 1994. Displacement: A review of the empirical literature. In Crime Prevention Studies, vol. 3, ed. Ronald V. Clarke. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. Hinde, Robert A. 1973. On the design of check-sheets. Primates 14:393– 406. Hope, Timothy. 1994. Problem-oriented policing and drug market locations: Three case studies. In Crime Prevention Studies, vol. 2, ed. Ronald V. Clarke. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. Johnson, Eric, and John Payne. 1986. The decision to commit a crime: An information-processing analysis. In The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, eds. Derek B. Cornish and Ronald V. Clarke. New York. Springer-Verlag. Kazdin, Alan E. 1982. Single-Case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings. New York: Oxford University Press. Lateef, A. Bari. 1974. Helicopter patrol in law enforcement: An evaluation. Journal of Police Science and Administration 2:62–65. Lipsey, Mark W. 1990. Juvenile Delinquency Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Inquiry into the Variability of Effects. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Matthews, Roger. 1990. Developing more effective strategies for curbing prostitution. Security Journal 1(3): 182-87. Matthews, Roger. 1993. Kerb-Crawling, Prostitution, and Multiagency Policing. Crime Prevention Unit Series, Paper 43. London: Home Office. Mayhew, Patricia, Ronald V. Clarke, A. Sturman, and Mike Hough. 1976. Crime as Opportunity. Home Office Research Study 34. London: H. M. Stationery Office.
The effects of acute ethanol consumption on sexual response and sexual risk-taking intent.

Two theories of sexual risk taking (disinhibition and alcohol myopia) were tested using genital measures of sexual response and computer measures of sexual risk propensity. A total of 44 men and women completed two sessions comparing responses to erotic films while consuming alcohol (breath alcohol doses were .025 g/kg and .08 g/kg) or juice alone. After consuming alcohol, more sexual arousal was reported in response to neutral films and at a breath alcohol level of .08 g/kg as compared to no alcohol. Genital responses for men and women increased during sexual films, but men did not respond as strongly when breath alcohol level was .08 g/kg. Intentions to have intercourse with a new partner at baseline predicted the level of sexual arousal reported. As self-reported sexual arousal increased in response to sexual films and higher alcohol dose, the intent to engage in intercourse with a new partner increased. Alcohol dose was not related to later sexual intercourse intentions. With no direct relationship of alcohol and intercourse intentions, results appear more consistent with a disinhibition model of sexual arousal.
Prevalence and severity of anemia and iron deficiency: cross-sectional studies in adolescent schoolgirls in western Kenya

Objective: Anemia is a major public health concern in preschool children and pregnant women in the developing world. While many studies have examined these two at-risk groups, there is a paucity of data on anemia in adolescents living in developing countries in the complex ecologic context of poverty, parasitism, and malnutrition. We evaluated the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of anemia in adolescent schoolgirls in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya.Design: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted, using a multistage random sample design.Setting: Public primary schools in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya.Subjects: A total of 648 randomly selected adolescent schoolgirls aged 12–18 y.Results: The prevalence of anemia (Hb <120 g/l) was 21.1%; only one girl had an Hb less than 70 g/l. Ferritin levels were available from a subsample of 206 girls. The prevalence of iron deficiency (ferritin <12 μg/l) was 19.8, and 30.4% of anemic girls were iron deficient. Malaria and schistosomiasis were the main risk factors for anemia in younger girls (12–13 y), while menstruation was the principal risk factor in older girls (14–18 y).Conclusions: Iron deficiency and anemia in school-attending girls in western Kenya were more prevalent than in developed countries, but considerably less prevalent than in preschool children and pregnant women from the same study area. Our findings are consistent with other recent school-based surveys from western Kenya, but not with recent community- and school-based cross-sectional surveys from other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It deserves further study to determine if adolescent girls not attending school are at higher risk of anemia.Sponsorship: This study was supported by a grant from The Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO), the Netherlands.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-experienced HIV-1-infected children.

AIM
To evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in a population-based cohort of HIV-1-infected children.


METHODS
All children enrolled in the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study, treated with LPV/r-based combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) between November 2000 and October 2008, were included.


RESULTS
88 children (25 (28%) protease inhibitor (PI)-naive, 16 (18%) ART-naive) were analysed (251 patient-years on LPV/r). After 48 weeks on LPV/r, 70 children had a median (interquartile range (IQR)) decrease in HIV-1 viral load of 4.25 log (5.45-3.17; PI-naive, n=17) and 2.53 (3.68-1.38; PI-experienced, n=53). Median (IQR) increase in CD4 count was 429 (203-593; PI-naive) and 177 (21-331; PI-experienced) cells/microl. These effects remained stable throughout 192 weeks for 25 children. Treatment was stopped for viral rebound in seven and suspected toxicity in 12 children.


CONCLUSION
Long-term treatment with LPV/r-based cART is safe and effective in HIV-1-infected children.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a study in a large clinical sample of patients using a novel automated method

OBJECTIVES
To identify negative symptoms in the clinical records of a large sample of patients with schizophrenia using natural language processing and assess their relationship with clinical outcomes.


DESIGN
Observational study using an anonymised electronic health record case register.


SETTING
South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (SLaM), a large provider of inpatient and community mental healthcare in the UK.


PARTICIPANTS
7678 patients with schizophrenia receiving care during 2011.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hospital admission, readmission and duration of admission.


RESULTS
10 different negative symptoms were ascertained with precision statistics above 0.80. 41% of patients had 2 or more negative symptoms. Negative symptoms were associated with younger age, male gender and single marital status, and with increased likelihood of hospital admission (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.39), longer duration of admission (β-coefficient 20.5 days, 7.6-33.5), and increased likelihood of readmission following discharge (OR 1.58, 1.28 to 1.95).


CONCLUSIONS
Negative symptoms were common and associated with adverse clinical outcomes, consistent with evidence that these symptoms account for much of the disability associated with schizophrenia. Natural language processing provides a means of conducting research in large representative samples of patients, using data recorded during routine clinical practice.
P.I.A.N.O.: Faster Piano Learning with Interactive Projection

Learning to play the piano is a prolonged challenge for novices. It requires them to learn sheet music notation and its mapping to respective piano keys, together with articulation details. Smooth playing further requires correct finger postures. The result is a slow learning progress, often causing frustration and strain. To overcome these issues, we propose P.I.A.N.O., a piano learning system with interactive projection that facilitates a fast learning process. Note information in form of an enhanced piano roll notation is directly projected onto the instrument and allows mapping of notes to piano keys without prior sight-reading skills. Three learning modes support the natural learning process with live feedback and performance evaluation. We report the results of two user studies, which show that P.I.A.N.O. supports faster learning, requires significantly less cognitive load, provides better user experience, and increases perceived musical quality compared to sheet music notation and non-projected piano roll notation.
A Prototype Design for Enhancing Customer Trust in Online Payments

Problem statement: The adoption of mobile device technology can contri bu e significantly to enhance customers trust in online payment system s. Approach: The perceptions and preferences of online shoppers are influenced by several key facto rs which serve to both enhance and compromise this trust and in turn affect a customer intentions and behavior in relation to use online payment systems. The first part of the research was a quant itative study to investigate these factors. In the second part of this research, a mobile payment mode l f r online payment systems was proposed. In this model, the customers do not need to trust merchants during the transaction because merchants will not act as an intermediary between customers and the ac quirer. Customers can therefore send their financial details without concern of disclosure, or potential misuse by the merchant. Results: In this study, the key factors influencing to adopt mobile payment systems were identify. The proposed model was developed and an analysis of the model architec ture against conventional online payment systems was discussed. Conclusion/Recommendations: The significance of this research comes from providing a practical mobile payment model as a pos sible step towards increasing customer acceptance of online shopping and increasing their trust in on line payment systems. The new model focuses on enhancing the feeling of security of the use of an online payment system and satisfying the security requirements.
Phase I trial of edatrexate plus carboplatin in advanced solid tumors: amelioration of dose-limiting mucositis by ice chip cryotherapy

Purpose: Edatrexate (10-Edam) is a methotrexate analog with improved intracellular transport, polyglutamation, and antitumor activity compared to the parent compound. Edatrexate shows schedule-dependent synergism with platinum compounds in preclinical studies. We performed a phase I trial to determine toxicities and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of edatrexate in combination with carboplatin. Based on the short initial plasma half-life of edatrexate, prophylactic ice chip cryotherapy was used to reduce the severity of mucositis. Patients and methods: Forty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced solid tumors were treated. Edatrexate was given weekly for 5 doses (50% on day 8), and then every other week, followed by carboplatin at a fixed dose of 350 mg/m2 on day 1 and then every 4 weeks for 8 cycles. Edatrexate dose was increased at increments of 10 mg/m2/dose level beginning at 60 mg/m2/week (range 60–120 mg/m2). Results: All patients were assessable for toxicity and response analysis. The median number of cycles administered per patients was 4. This combination chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated. Using ice chip cryotherapy, no grade IV mucositis was observed. Grade III mucositis occurred in only 7/46 pts and was not dose-related. Protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicity occurred at a edatrexate dose level of 120 mg/m2, yielding an MTD of 110 mg/m2. Responding tumor types included non-small cell and small lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder cancer. Conclusions: 1) This phase I study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of this edatrexate and carboplatin combination. 2) Dose-limiting mucositis did not occur allowing escalation of edatrexate dose above levels previously achieved with this edatrexate dose schedule. This was most likely a result of prophylactic ice chip cryotherapy. 3) An edatrexate dose of 110 mg/m2 with ice chip cryotherapy is recommended for Phase II trials of this combination.
What's Different about Social Media Networks? A Framework and Research Agenda

Recent years have witnessed the rapid proliferation and widespread adoption of a new class of information technologies, commonly known as social media. Researchers often rely on social network analysis (SNA) in attempting to understand these technologies, often without considering how the novel capabilities of social media platforms might affect the underlying theories of SNA, which were developed primarily through studies of offline social networks. This article outlines several key differences between traditional offline social networks and online social media networks by juxtaposing an established typology of social network research with a well-regarded definition of social media platforms that articulates four key features. The results show that at four major points of intersection, social media has considerable theoretical implications for SNA. In exploring these points of intersection, this study outlines a series of theoretically distinctive research questions for SNA in social media contexts. These points of intersection offer considerable opportunities for researchers to investigate the theoretical implications introduced by social media and lay the groundwork for a robust social media agenda potentially spanning multiple disciplines. ***FORTHCOMING AT MIS QUARTERLY, THEORY AND REVIEW***
Non-destructive optical characterisation of chromium conversion layers on aluminium

Abstract Chromium phosphate conversion coatings were characterised by spectroscopic ellipsometry. A two-layer optical model was used for the simulation and regression analysis procedures. The optical constants of the upper layer of the model are described by a dispersion relation. The second layer of the optical model is an interface layer, located between the aluminium substrate and the top layer. The optical model used both the Forouhi–Bloomer and the Sellmeier dispersion relations. In both cases, the optical constants of the top layer seem to correspond to those of chromium phosphate, provided the coatings are sufficiently thick. When thinner coatings are considered, the presence of other compounds or voids modify the optical constants. Nevertheless, an accurate coating thickness was determined for all conversion times.
An information gain-based approach for recommending useful product reviews

Recently, many e-commerce Web sites, such as Amazon.com, provide platforms for users to review products and share their opinions, in order to help consumers make their best purchase decisions. However, the quality and the level of helpfulness of different product reviews are not disclosed to consumers unless they carefully analyze an immense number of lengthy reviews. Considering the large amount of available online product reviews, this is an impossible task for any consumer. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop recommender systems that can evaluate online product reviews effectively to recommend the most useful ones to consumers. This paper proposes an information gain-based model to predict the helpfulness of online product reviews, with the aim of suggesting the most suitable products and vendors to consumers. Reviews are analyzed and ranked by our scoring model and reviews that help consumers better than others will be found. In addition, we also compare our model with several machine learning algorithms. Our experimental results show that our approach is effective in ranking and classifying online product reviews.
Pituitary apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy is rare endocrine emergency which can occur due to infarction or haemorrhage of pituitary gland. This disorder most often involves a pituitary adenoma. Occasionally it may be the first manifestation of an underlying adenoma. There is conflicting data regarding which type of pituitary adenoma is prone for apoplexy. Some studies showed predominance of non-functional adenomas while some other studies showed a higher prevalence in functioning adenomas amongst which prolactinoma have the highest risk. Although pituitary apoplexy can occur without any precipitating factor in most cases, there are some well recognizable risk factors such as hypertension, medications, major surgeries, coagulopathies either primary or following medications or infection, head injury, radiation or dynamic testing of the pituitary. Patients usually present with headache, vomiting, altered sensorium, visual defect and/or endocrine dysfunction. Hemodynamic instability may be result from adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. Imaging with either CT scan or MRI should be performed in suspected cases. Intravenous fluid and hydrocortisone should be administered after collection of sample for baseline hormonal evaluation. Earlier studies used to advocate urgent decompression of the lesion but more recent studies favor conservative approach for most cases with surgery reserved for those with deteriorating level of consciousness or increasing visual defect. The visual and endocrine outcomes are almost similar with either surgery or conservative management. Once the acute phase is over, patient should be re-evaluated for hormonal deficiencies.
Association of Housing Disrepair Indicators with Cockroach and Rodent Infestations in a Cohort of Pregnant Latina Women and Their Children

Health burdens associated with poor housing and indoor pest infestations are likely to affect young children in particular, who spend most of their time indoors at home. We completed environmental assessments in 644 homes of pregnant Latina women and their children living in the Salinas Valley, California. High residential densities were common, with 39% of homes housing > 1.5 persons per room. Housing disrepair was also common: 58% of homes had peeling paint, 43% had mold, 25% had water damage, and 11% had rotting wood. Evidence of cockroaches and rodents was present in 60% and 32% of homes, respectively. Compared with representative national survey data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, homes in our sample were more likely to have rodents, peeling paint, leaks under sinks, and much higher residential densities. The odds of rodent infestations in homes increased in the presence of peeling paint [odds ratio (OR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.1], water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), and mold (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1). The odds of cockroach infestation increased in the presence of peeling paint (OR 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.6), water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9), or high residential density (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8). Homes that were less clean than average were more prone to both types of infestations. Pesticides were stored or used in 51% of households, partly to control roach and rodent infestations. These data indicate that adverse housing conditions are common in this community and increase the likelihood of pest infestations and home pesticide use. Interventions to improve housing and promote children's health and safety in this population are needed.
How to identify information bias due to self-reporting in epidemiological research

Reality can be distorted in many ways when seen through a questionnaire or an interview. Such distortions may be systematic, introducing bias. Bias can spoil research by indicating false associations or failing to detect true relationships. It is practically impossible to eliminate measurement errors totally, but estimating the extent of disagreement and assessing whether the errors are systematic should be a priority in epidemiological research. The aim of this article is pedagogically oriented. Through Medline searches and cross-references, 1400 articles were identified, of which 53 were chosen. This review gives an overview of information bias, focusing on recall period, selective recall, social desirability, interview situation and interviewing tools, question phrasing, alternative answers and digit preference. We use a problem identification approach and also present some possible solutions, exemplifying the different topics by research conducted in the fields of HIV-AIDS, nutrition and alcohol abuse. Methods for measuring bias are presented.
Beyond Interruptibility: Predicting Opportune Moments to Engage Mobile Phone Users

Many of today's mobile products and services engage their users proactively via push notifications. However, such notifications are not always delivered at the right moment, therefore not meeting products' and users' expectations. To address this challenge, we aim at developing an intelligent mobile system that automatically infers moments in which users are open to engage with suggested content. To inform the development of such a system, we carried out a field study with 337 mobile phone users. For 4 weeks, participants ran a study application on their primary phones. They were tasked to frequently report their current mood via a notification-administered experience-sampling questionnaire. In this study, however, we analyze whether they voluntarily engaged with content that we offered at the bottom of that questionnaire. In addition, the study app logged a wide range of data related to their phone use. Based on 120 Million phone-use events and 78,930 questionnaire notifications, we build a machine-learning model that before delivering a notification predicts whether a participant will click on the notification and subsequently engage with the offered content. When compared to a naïve baseline, which emulates current non-intelligent engagement strategies, our model achieves 66.6% higher success rate in its predictions. If the model also considers the user's past behavior, predictions improve 5-fold over the baseline. Based on these findings, we discuss the implications for building an intelligent service that identifies opportune moments for proactive user engagement, while, at the same time, reduces the number of undesirable interruptions.