LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Change in perfusion in acute nondominant hemisphere stroke may be better estimated by tests of hemispatial neglect than by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
It has been reported that National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores correlate poorly with hypoperfused tissue measured by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in nondominant hemisphere stroke. We conducted 2 studies to determine whether tests of hemispatial neglect provide a better measure of hypoperfusion and reperfusion than NIHSS in nondominant hemisphere stroke.


METHODS
In study 1, 74 patients with acute ischemic, supratentorial stroke were administered the NIHSS, tests of neglect or aphasia, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and PWI on day 1 (<24 hours from onset) of stroke. Pearson correlations between volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and functional tests were calculated. In study 2, 10 patients with acute, nondominant hemisphere stroke who were candidates for intervention to restore perfusion underwent PWI, DWI, NIHSS, and a line cancellation test on days 1 and 3. Correlations between change in volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and change in functional tests were calculated.


RESULTS
In study 1, in nondominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated significantly with neglect scores (r=0.71; P<0.002) but not with NIHSS scores (r=0.39; P=NS). In dominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated better with aphasia scores (r=0.50; P=0.0001) than with NIHSS scores (r=0.45; P=0.001). In study 2, change in volume of hypoperfused tissue on PWI correlated with change in line cancellation performance (r=0.83; P=0.003) but not with change in NIHSS score (r=0.26; P=NS).


CONCLUSIONS
Tests of hemispatial neglect may better reflect dysfunction and reperfusion than NIHSS for patients with nondominant hemisphere stroke.
Antiadrenergic effect of chronic amiodarone therapy in human heart failure.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of amiodarone on neurochemical parameters of sympathetic nervous activity in patients with congestive heart failure.


BACKGROUND
Unlike most antiarrhythmic agents, amiodarone has been shown to exert a beneficial effect on survival in some studies of patients with congestive heart failure. The pharmacology of this agent is complex, and as such, the mode of its action is unclear in humans. Some experimental studies suggest that amiodarone exerts a sympatholytic effect.


METHODS
To evaluate the effect of amiodarone on sympathetic nervous activity, we measured the total systemic and cardiac norepinephrine (NE) spillover rate by isotope dilution in 58 patients with severe heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction 20 +/- 1%), 22 of whom were receiving chronic amiodarone treatment. Release rates for dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA, a precursor of NE), and endogenous and radiolabeled dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG and 3H-DHPG, intraneuronal metabolites of NE and 3H-NE, respectively) were also determined to assess sympathetic neuronal integrity.


RESULTS
Amiodarone-treated patients had significantly lower cardiac spillover rates for NE (42%, p = 0.001), DOPA (74%, p < 0.001), DHPG (44%, p < 0.01) and 3H-DHPG (51%, p < 0.01) than those patients not treated with amiodarone. Hemodynamic assessment of amiodarone-treated patients revealed higher cardiac output (4.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.2 liters/min, p < 0.01), and slightly lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (18 +/- 2 vs. 22 +/- 1, p = NS) than in untreated patients. After correction for the potential confounding effect of hemodynamic differences, amiodarone-treated patients continued to demonstrate significantly lower spillover rates of NE, DOPA and DHPG from the heart.


CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that amiodarone may exert beneficial effects on the failing human heart through a sympatholytic process, and this action appears to be relatively cardioselective.
Partial robust M-regression

Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a standard statistical method in chemometrics. It can be considered as an incomplete, or “partial”, version of the Least Squares estimator of regression, applicable when high or perfect multicollinearity is present in the predictor variables. The Least Squares estimator is well-known to be an optimal estimator for regression, but only when the error terms are normally distributed. In absence of normality, and in particular when outliers are in the data set, other more robust regression estimators have better properties. In this paper a “partial” version of M-regression estimators will be defined. If an appropriate weighting scheme is chosen, partial M-estimators become entirely robust to any type of outlying points, and are called Partial Robust M-estimators. It is shown that partial robust M-regression outperforms existing methods for robust PLS regression in terms of statistical precision and computational speed, while keeping good robustness properties. The method is applied to a data set consisting of EPXMA spectra of archæological glass vessels. This data set contains several outliers, and the advantages of partial robust M-regression are illustrated. Applying partial robust M-regression yields much smaller prediction errors for noisy calibration samples than PLS. On the other hand, if the data follow perfectly well a normal model, the loss in efficiency to be paid for is very small.
Implementing Mental Models

Users' mental models of security, though possibly incorrect, embody patterns of reasoning about security that lead to systematic behaviors across tasks and may be shared across populations of users. Researchers have identified widely held mental models of security, usually with the purpose of improving communications and warnings about vulnerabilities. Here, we implement previously identified models in order to explore their use for predicting user behavior. We describe a general approach for implementing the models in agents that simulate human behavior within a network security test bed, and show that the implementations produce behaviors similar to those of users who hold them. The approach is relatively simple for researchers to implement new models within the agent platform to experiment with their effects in a multi-agent setting.
Risk factors for equine laminitis: a case-control study conducted in veterinary-registered horses and ponies in Great Britain between 2009 and 2011.

Laminitis is a highly debilitating disease of the foot known to have a complex and multifactorial aetiology of metabolic, inflammatory, traumatic or vascular origin. The disease has major welfare implications due to unrelenting pain associated with degenerative changes, which often necessitate euthanasia on welfare grounds. Despite this, there have been few high-quality studies investigating risk factors for equine laminitis, and only a limited number of risk factors have been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to conduct a case-control study of risk factors for active episodes of veterinary-diagnosed laminitis in horses and ponies attended by veterinary practitioners in Great Britain, based on multivariable statistical analyses. Questionnaires were received for 1010 animals, comprising 191 laminitis cases and 819 controls. Factors associated with an increased risk of laminitis were weight gain in the previous 3 months, summer and winter months compared to spring, new access to grass in the previous 4 weeks, box rest in the previous week, owner-reported history of laminitis, lameness or foot-soreness after shoeing/trimming, existing endocrinopathic (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine metabolic syndrome) disease and increasing time since the last anthelmintic treatment. Factors associated with a decreased risk of laminitis were increasing height (cm), feeding of additional supplements in the previous week and transportation in the previous week. Novel associated factors were identified that may aid in the management and prevention of the disease in the veterinary-registered equine population.
Utilizing contextual ontological user profiles for personalized recommendations

As users may have different needs in different situations and contexts, it is increasingly important to consider user context data when filtering information. In the field of web personalization and recommender systems, most of the studies have focused on the process of modelling user profiles and the personalization process in order to provide personalized services to the user, but not on contextualized services. Rather limited attention has been paid to investigate how to discover, model, exploit and integrate context information in personalization systems in a generic way. In this paper, we aim at providing a novel model to build, exploit and integrate context information with a web personalization system. A contextaware personalization system (CAPS) is developed which is able to model and build contextual and personalized ontological user profiles based on the user’s interests and context information. These profiles are then exploited in order to infer and provide contextual recommendations to users. The methods and system developed are evaluated through a user study which shows that considering context information in web personalization systems can provide more effective personalization services and offer better recommendations to users. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Smoothing Spline ANOVA for Multivariate Bernoulli Observations With Application to Ophthalmology Data

We combine a smoothing spline analysis of variance (SS-ANOVA) model and a log-linear model to build a partly  exible model for multivariate Bernoulli data. The joint distribution conditioning on the predictor variables is estimated. The log odds ratio is used to measure the association between outcome variables. A numerical scheme based on the block one-step successive over relaxation SOR–Newton-Ralphson algorithm is proposed to obtain an approximate solution for the variational problem. We extend the generalized approximate cross validation (GACV) and the randomized GACV for choosing smoothing parameters to the case of multivariate Bernoulli responses. The randomized version is fast and stable to compute and is used to adaptively select smoothing parameters in each block onestep SOR iteration. Approximate Bayesian con dence intervals are obtained for the  exible estimates of the conditional logit functions. Simulation studies are conducted to check the performance of the proposed method, using the comparative Kullback–Leibler distance as a yardstick. Finally, the model is applied to two-eye observational data from the Beaver Dam Eye Study, to examine the association of pigmentary abnormalities and various covariates.
Complexity of Strategic Behavior in Multi-Winner Elections

Although recent years have seen a surge of interest in the computational aspects of social choice, no specific attention has previously been devoted to elections with multiple winners, e.g., elections of an assembly or committee. In this paper, we characterize the worst-case complexity of manipulation and control in the context of four prominent multiwinner voting systems, under different formulations of the strategic agent’s goal.
Cooperation in viscous populations - Experimental evidence

We experimentally investigate the effect of population viscosity (an increased probability to interact with others of one’s type or group) on cooperation in a standard prisoner’s dilemma environment. Subjects can repeatedly choose between two groups that differ in the defector gain in the associated prisoner’s dilemma. Choosing into the group with the smaller defector-gain can signal one’s willingness to cooperate. The degree of viscosity is varied across treatments. We find that viscosity produces an endogenous sorting of cooperators and defectors and persistently high rates of cooperation. Higher viscosity leads to a sharp increase in overall cooperation rates and in addition positively affects the subjects’ intrinsic willingness to cooperate.
DROP (DRone Open source Parser) Your Drone: Forensic Analysis of the DJI Phantom III

The DJI Phantom III drone has already been used for malicious activities (to drop bombs, remote surveillance and plane watching) in 2016 and 2017. At the time of writing, DJI was the drone manufacturer with the largest market share. Our work presents the primary thorough forensic analysis of the DJI Phantom III drone, and the primary account for proprietary file structures stored by the examined drone. It also presents the forensically sound open source tool DRone Open source Parser (DROP) that parses proprietary DAT files extracted from the drone's nonvolatile internal storage. These DAT files are encrypted and encoded. The work also shares preliminary findings on TXT files, which are also proprietary, encrypted, encoded, files found on the mobile device controlling the drone. These files provided a slew of data such as GPS locations, battery, flight time, etc. By extracting data from the controlling mobile device, and the drone, we were able to correlate data and link the user to a specific device based on extracted metadata. Furthermore, results showed that the best mechanism to forensically acquire data from the tested drone is to manually extract the SD card by disassembling the drone. Our findings illustrated that the drone should not be turned on as turning it on changes data on the drone by creating a new DAT file, but may also delete stored data if the drone's internal storage is full. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of DFRWS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Measurement Issues in Galvanic Intrabody Communication: Influence of Experimental Setup

Significance: The need for increasingly energy-efficient and miniaturized bio-devices for ubiquitous health monitoring has paved the way for considerable advances in the investigation of techniques such as intrabody communication (IBC), which uses human tissues as a transmission medium. However, IBC still poses technical challenges regarding the measurement of the actual gain through the human body. The heterogeneity of experimental setups and conditions used together with the inherent uncertainty caused by the human body make the measurement process even more difficult. Goal: The objective of this study, focused on galvanic coupling IBC, is to study the influence of different measurement equipments and conditions on the IBC channel. Methods : Different experimental setups have been proposed in order to analyze key issues such as grounding, load resistance, type of measurement device and effect of cables. In order to avoid the uncertainty caused by the human body, an IBC electric circuit phantom mimicking both human bioimpedance and gain has been designed. Given the low-frequency operation of galvanic coupling, a frequency range between 10 kHz and 1 MHz has been selected. Results : The correspondence between simulated and experimental results obtained with the electric phantom have allowed us to discriminate the effects caused by the measurement equipment. Conclusion: This study has helped us obtain useful considerations about optimal setups for galvanic-type IBC as well as to identify some of the main causes of discrepancy in the literature.
Geoadditive models to assess spatial variation of HIV infections among women in Local communities of Durban, South Africa

BACKGROUND
The severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa varies between and within provinces, with differences noted even at the suburban scale. We investigated the geographical variability of HIV infection in rural areas of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.


METHOD
We used geoadditive models to assess nonlinear geographical variation in HIV prevalence while simultaneously controlling for important demographic and sexual risk factors. A total of 3,469 women who were screened for a Phase-III randomized trial were included in the current analysis.


RESULTS
We found significant spatial patterns that could not be explained by demographic and sexual risk behaviors. In particular, the epidemic was determined to be much worse 44 km south of Durban after controlling for all demographic and sexual risk behaviors.


CONCLUSION
The study revealed significant geographic variability in HIV infection in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Decision resource consultancy: a convergence of disciplines that aid consumer marketing

When companies recognise the limitations of seat-of-pants decision making, it is not always immediately clear where to turn in order to procure the information and advice that can result in better business decisions. The chosen resource might be a research agency (assumed to be fast-acting); a management consultancy (likely to be reassuringly expensive); or sources in the academic world (popularly seen as ‘leading-edge’). What is delivered will depend on the type of supplier chosen: so far, each of these resources has developed in isolation, with its own assumptions, methods and codes of conduct. 
 
 
 
Nowhere is this more starkly seen than among providers of qualitative research, the discipline that gave birth to focus groups and marketing-oriented depth interviews. Depending on the supplier, the client may be provided with research that is process-based, skills-based or knowledge-based. The design, practice and analysis of the research will differ accordingly. 
 
 
 
In this paper, it is argued that the time has come to establish a new form of business consultancy which understands the strengths and weaknesses of these three traditional approaches, which can offer research brokerage that makes available the most appropriate techniques, and which can bring together the distinctive offerings of market-research agencies, universities and management consultancies as a total resource in helping clients to make optimal decisions. An acceptance of new kinds of professional alliances will be required, as ‘meta-consultants’ look for cooperation, not competition, among those who are based in each of these three domains. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus An Update

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of genital and extragenital skin. LS is a debilitating disease, causing itch, pain, dysuria and restriction of micturition, dyspareunia, and significant sexual dysfunction in women and men. Many findings obtained in recent years point more and more towards an autoimmuneinduced disease in genetically predisposed patients and further away from an important impact of hormonal factors. Preceding infections may play a provocative part. The role for Borrelia is still controversial. Trauma and an occlusive moist environment may act as precipitating factors. Potent and ultrapotent topical corticosteroids still head the therapeutic armamentarium. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are discussed as alternatives in the treatment of LS in patients who have failed therapy with ultrapotent corticosteroids, or who have a contraindication for the use of corticosteroids. Topical and systemic retinoids may be useful in selected cases. Phototherapy for extragenital LS and photodynamic therapy for genital LS may be therapeutic options in rare cases refractory to the already mentioned treatment. Surgery is restricted to scarring processes leading to functional impairment. In men, circumcision is effective in the majority of cases, but recurrences are well described. Anogenital LS is associated with an increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva or penis. This review updates the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, pathogenesis, and management of LS of the female and male genitals and extragenital LS in adults and children.
The mafic Audawib Suite in the Central Damara orogen of Namibia: geochemical evidence for volcanic arc volcanism

Abstract The Damaran metagabbro-norites and metagabbros (now hornblendite) of the mafic Audawib Suite occur as unfoliated xenoliths in the well foliated, syn-D 1 -intruded, dioritic Okongava Batholith. Geochemically the rocks classify as low-K tholeiitic gabbroids likely to have formed in a volcanic arc setting overlying a subduction zone. The magma fractionated (approximately 30 per cent melt) from depleted mantle which was wedged between the over riding Congo Craton and the subducted ocean crust of the Kalahari Plate. The cumultic and porphyritic Audawib Suite represents crystallisation in a magma chamber/s at depth. Here magmatic differentiation and solidification was completed before the andesitic Okongava magma intruded into the Andean-type continental margin which existed during the Pan-African times.
A Novel Wide Area Protection Classification Technique for Interconnected Power Grids Based on MATLAB Simulation

More recent technological advancements in microprocessor relays, combined with GPS receivers for synchronization and accurate time stamping, is providing users advanced relay systems with synchronized measurements, called synchrophasor measurements (IEEE Power System Relaying Committee, 2002; Phadke, 2002; Marek, 2002). Synchrophasor measurements together with advancements in digital communications, provides users with the power system state at a rate of twenty times per second. Synchrophasor measurements from different network locations when combined and processed in a central computer system will provide users with the absolute phase angle difference between distant network buses with an accuracy of tenths of an electrical degree. These types of central computer systems, equipped with wide-area protection and control algorithms, will be able to better address future system out-of-step conditions and other system problems because they will have a better knowledge of what happens throughout the power system. In addition, knowledge of online generation and load demand provided from synchrophasor measurement systems will aid in balancing better the generation and load during islanding, as well as minimizing load and generation shedding in order to preserve stability during major system disturbances. Time synchronized phasor measurements provide a dynamic view of a power system, combining these measurements in a central protection system (CPS); this capability is used to set up a wide area control, protection and optimization platform by means of new communication systems and (GPS), integrated application design is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows an integrated application design based on phasor measuring units. When the system operates in extreme conditions, load shedding, generation shedding, or system islanding must occur to prevent total system collapse (Thorp et al., 1988; Centen et al., 1993; Guzman et al., 2002; Guzman et al., 2002). Typical causes of system collapse are voltage instability or transient angle instability. These instabilities can occur independently or jointly. In most cases, system wide-area disruptions begin as a voltage stability problem. Because of a failure to take proper actions for the system to recover, this voltage stability problem evolves into an angle stability problem. New monitoring, protection, and communications technologies allow us to implement economical localand wide-area protection systems that minimize risk of wide-area system disruptions or total system collapse.
Interactions of pH , Carbon Dioxide , Alkalinity and Hardness in Fish Ponds

Water quality in fish ponds is affected by the interactions of several chemical components. Carbon dioxide, pH, alkalinity and hardness are interrelated and can have profound effects on pond productivity, the level of stress and fish health, oxygen availability and the toxicity of ammonia as well as that of certain metals. Most features of water quality are not constant. Carbon dioxide and pH concentrations fluctuate or cycle daily. Alkalinity and hardness are relatively stable but can change over time, usually weeks to months, depending on the pH or mineral content of watershed and bottom soils.