LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Myocutaneous flaps and proctocolectomy in severe perianal Crohn’s disease—a single stage procedure

Complex perianal wounds can be extremely difficult to treat and primary closure of these defects can be a challenge even for experienced surgeons. So far, myocutaneous flaps for wound closure after removal of malignant tumors are a well-accepted option, but there are only a few reports focusing on the primary closure of the perineal wound after proctocolectomy for Crohn’s disease. We describe our experience with wide excision of the diseased perineum using a combined abdominoperineal two-team approach. We performed proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy in five patients with longstanding extensive Crohn’s disease. All five patients had fistulizing perineal Crohn’s disease combined with Crohn’s colitis. Each patient received at least one flap for primary wound closure, either a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap or a gracilis flap. Indication for surgical intervention included anal or bowel stenosis, septic condition, fecal incontinence, or a combination of these features. One patient had a simultaneous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Five patients underwent a total of seven flaps. Three months after surgery, complete healing was achieved in all patients; one patient suffered recurrence in the region of his right thigh. Mean follow up was 19.6 months (range—12–43 months). Myocutaneous flaps are a promising therapeutic option in patients with chronic perianal disease. With the transposition of well-vascularized tissue into the perineal defect, complete healing and control of sepsis can be achieved in the majority of patients.
Electronic bullying among middle school students.

PURPOSE
Electronic communications technologies are affording children and adolescents new means of bullying one another. Referred to as electronic bullying, cyberbullying, or online social cruelty, this phenomenon includes bullying through e-mail, instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website, or through digital messages or images sent to a cell phone. The present study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students.


METHODS
A total of 3,767 middle school students in grades 6, 7, and 8 who attend six elementary and middle schools in the southeastern and northwestern United States completed a questionnaire, consisting of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and 23 questions developed for this study that examined participants' experiences with electronic bullying, as both victims and perpetrators.


RESULTS
Of the students, 11% that they had been electronically bullied at least once in the last couple of months (victims only); 7% indicated that they were bully/victims; and 4% had electronically bullied someone else at least once in the previous couple of months (bullies only). The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. Importantly, close to half of the electronic bully victims reported not knowing the perpetrator's identity.


CONCLUSIONS
Electronic bullying represents a problem of significant magnitude. As children's use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed.
Image Compression via a Fast DCT Approximation

Discrete transforms play an important role in digital signal processing. In particular, due to its transform domain energy compaction properties, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is pivotal in many image processing problems. This paper introduces a numerical approximation method for the DCT based on round-off techniques. The proposed method is a multiplierless technique with low arithmetic complexity. Emphasis was given to approximating the 8-point DCT. A fast algorithm for the introduced 8-point approximate transform was derived. An application in image compression was examined. In several scenarios, the utilization of the proposed method for image compression resulted in comparable or better performances, when compared to the usual DCT-based methodology.
Imaging fractures and sedimentary fabrics using shear wave splitting measurements made on passive seismic data

S U M M A R Y The ability to detect aligned fractures using seismic anisotropy provides a valuable tool for exploiting hydrocarbon reservoirs better. Perhaps the most direct way of identifying anisotropy is by observing shear wave splitting. However, the interaction of shear waves with subsurface structure is often complicated. Although fractures in hydrocarbon reservoirs are usually subvertical, shear waves recorded on downhole receivers from microseismic events in or near the reservoir are not likely to have travelled vertically. As such, interpreting splitting measurements made on such waves is a non-trivial problem. Here we develop an approach to model the effects of subsurface structure on non-vertically propagating shear waves. Rock physics theory is used to model the effects of sedimentary fabrics as well as fractures, allowing us to use shear wave splitting measurements to invert for aligned fractures. We use synthetic examples to demonstrate how it is possible to assess in advance how well splitting measurements will image structures, and how this is highly dependent on the available range of ray coverage. Finally, we demonstrate the inversion technique on a passive seismic data set collected during hydraulic fracture stimulation. Despite an unfavourable source–receiver geometry, the strike of an aligned fracture set is accurately identified.
Natural convection heat transfer from a heat sink with hollow/perforated circular pin fins

Experiments were performed on natural convection heat transfer from circular pin fin heat sinks subject to the influence of its geometry, heat flux and orientation. The geometric dependence of heat dissipation from heat sinks of widely spaced solid and hollow/perforated circular pin fins with staggered combination, fitted into a heated base of fixed area is discussed. Over the tested range of Rayleigh number, 3.8×106≤Ra≤1.65×107, it was found that the solid pin fin heat sink performance for upward and sideward orientations shows a competitive nature, depending on Rayleigh number and generally shows higher heat transfer coefficients than those of the perforated/ hollow pin fin ones in both arrangement. For all tested hollow/perforated pin fin heat sinks, however, the performance for sideward facing orientation was better than that for upward facing orientation. This argument is supported by observing that the augmentation factor was around 1.05–1.11, depending on the hollow pin diameter ratio, Di/Do. Meanwhile, the heat sink of larger hollow pin diameter ratio, Di/Do offered higher heat transfer coefficient than that of smaller Di/Do for upward orientation, and the situation was reversed for sideward orientation. The heat transfer performance for heat sinks with hollow/perforated pin fins was better than that of solid pins. The temperature difference between the base plate and surrounding air of these heat sinks was less than that of solid pin one and improved with increasing Di/Do
How can medical schools contribute to the education, recruitment and retention of rural physicians in their region?

Access to appropriate health care is often difficult for people living in rural areas because of a widespread shortage of appropriately educated local, rural healthcare workers and the distance, time and cost of travelling to larger urban health centres. This shortage is due to many factors including medical education, practice conditions, health system, regulatory, community, personal, family and financial considerations.1,2 Developing a sufficient and sustainable rural physician workforce requires commitment and cooperation from communities, governments and medical schools. Medical education can play an important role in the recruitment and retention of rural physicians.3 Most of the world’s medical schools, however, are situated in large cities; most medical students grow up in affluent urban areas, learn little about rural health-care needs and experience little or no medical learning in the rural context. Physician graduates flow almost entirely into large city practices with an insufficient trickle getting out into practice in rural areas. Some medical schools in large cities have developed specific programmes for educating physicians for rural regions. A few medical schools are located in small cities within large rural regions and have a rural regional focus. Graduates of these medical schools often also serve rural populations well outside their own regions. Unfortunately for many developing countries, especially in Africa, many graduates of their medical schools end up in rural practice, often not in Africa, but rather in developed countries where they have been enticed to serve the rural populations.
Real-time volumetric shadows using 1D min-max mipmaps

Light scattering in a participating medium is responsible for several important effects we see in the natural world. In the presence of occluders, computing single scattering requires integrating the illumination scattered towards the eye along the camera ray, modulated by the visibility towards the light at each point. Unfortunately, incorporating volumetric shadows into this integral, while maintaining real-time performance, remains challenging.
 In this paper we present a new real-time algorithm for computing volumetric shadows in single-scattering media on the GPU. This computation requires evaluating the scattering integral over the intersections of camera rays with the shadow map, expressed as a 2D height field. We observe that by applying epipolar rectification to the shadow map, each camera ray only travels through a single row of the shadow map (an epipolar slice), which allows us to find the visible segments by considering only 1D height fields. At the core of our algorithm is the use of an acceleration structure (a 1D minmax mipmap) which allows us to quickly find the lit segments for all pixels in an epipolar slice in parallel. The simplicity of this data structure and its traversal allows for efficient implementation using only pixel shaders on the GPU.
The effects of lottery prizes on winners and their neighbors : Evidence from the Dutch Postcode Lottery

The Effects of Lottery Prizes on Winners and their Neighbors: Evidence from the Dutch Postcode Lottery Each week, the Dutch Postcode Lottery (PCL) randomly selects a postal code, and distributes cash and a new BMW to lottery participants in that code. We study the effects of these shocks on lottery winners and their neighbors. Consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis, the effects on winners’ consumption are largely confined to cars and other durables. Consistent with the theory of in-kind transfers, the vast majority of BMW winners liquidate their BMWs. We do, however, detect substantial social effects of lottery winnings: PCL nonparticipants who live next door to winners have significantly higher levels of car consumption than other nonparticipants. JEL Classification: D12, C21
Efficacy of coupling inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance motor recovery in hemiplegic stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although there has been extensive research on the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to improve patients' motor performance after experiencing chronic stroke, explicit findings on the coupling of different rTMS protocols are meager. We designed this sham-controlled randomized study to investigate the potential for a consecutive suppressive-facilitatory TMS protocol to improve motor outcomes after chronic stroke.


METHODS
Fifty-four chronic hemiplegic stroke patients were allocated across 4 groups to undergo 20 daily sessions of (1) 1 Hz rTMS over the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) and then intermittent theta burst stimulation over the ipsilesional M1 (group A); (2) contralesional sham stimulation and then ipsilesional real intermittent theta burst stimulation (group B); (3) contralesional real 1 Hz rTMS and then ipsilesional sham stimulation (group C); or (4) bilateral sham-control procedures (group D). We tested cortical excitability and motor activity assessments at the baseline, postpriming rTMS, and postconsequent rTMS periods.


RESULTS
At post, group A showed greater muscle strength, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Wolf Motor Function test, and reaction time improvement in comparison with group B (P<0.001≈0.003) and group C (P=0.001≈0.003). Correlation analyses in group A revealed a close relation between contralesional map area decrement and Wolf Motor Function test gain (P=0.005; r=-0.75), and also revealed ipsilesional map area increment and reaction time decrement (P=0.02; r=-0.87). We detected no such relations in the other 3 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Our clinical trials established an extended timeframe during which conditioning could be safely continued and produced more favorable outcomes in facilitating motor performance and ameliorating interhemispheric imbalance than those obtained from single-course rTMS modulation alone.
Influence of language barriers on outcomes of hospital care for general medicine inpatients.

BACKGROUND
Few studies have examined whether patients with language barriers receive worse hospital care in terms of quality or efficiency.


OBJECTIVE
: To examine whether patients' primary language influences hospital outcomes.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Observational cohort of urban university hospital general medical admissions between July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003.


PATIENTS
Eighteen years old or older whose hospital data included information on their primary language, specifically English, Russian, Spanish or Chinese.


MEASUREMENTS
Hospital costs, length of stay (LOS), and odds for 30-day readmission or 30-day mortality.


RESULTS
Of 7023 admitted patients, 84% spoke English, 8% spoke Chinese, 4% Russian and 4% Spanish. In multivariable models, non-English and English speakers had statistically similar total cost, LOS, and odds for mortality. However, non-English speakers had higher adjusted odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.7). Higher odds for readmission persisted for Chinese and Spanish speakers when compared to all English speakers (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3 respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
After accounting for socioeconomic variables and comorbidities, non-English speaking Latino and Chinese patients have higher risk for readmission. Whether language barriers produce differences in readmission or are a marker for less access to post-hospital care remains unclear. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:276-282. (c) 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Indoor pedestrian navigation system using a modern smartphone

In this work we present a pedestrian navigation system for indoor environments based on the dead reckoning positioning method, 2D barcodes, and data from accelerometers and magnetometers. All the sensing and computing technologies of our solution are available in common smart phones. The need to create indoor navigation systems arises from the inaccessibility of the classic navigation systems, such as GPS, in indoor environments.
100G to 1T based Coherent PON Technology

We review the recent progress of the latest 100G to 1T class coherent PON technology using a simplified DSP suitable for forthcoming 5G era optical access systems. The highlight is the presentation of the first demonstration of 100 Gb/s/λ × 8 (800 Gb/s) based PON.
Robotic origamis : self-morphing modular robots

Programmable matter is a material that produces distinctive shapes or patterns according to a given command. Often they are composed of interconnected modular elements that are able to make or break the connections or alter relative orientation. We present programmable matter based on robotic origami that demonstrates the capability to fold into 3D shapes starting from a nominally 2D sheet. This concept requires high torque density actuators, flexible electronics and an integrated substrate. We report on unique robot fabrication techniques that incorporate torsional shape memory actuators and stretchable electronics.
Management of diabetic foot by natural honey.

BACKGROUND
Many studies have demonstrated that honey has antibacterial activity in vitro, and a small number of clinical case studies have shown that application of honey to severely infected cutaneous wounds is capable of clearing infection from the wound and improving tissue healing. Research has also indicated that honey may possess anti-inflammatory activity and stimulate immune responses within a wound. The overall effect is to reduce infection and to enhance wound healing in burns, ulcers, and other cutaneous wounds. The objective of the study was to find out the results of topical wound dressings in diabetic wounds with natural honey.


METHODS
The study was conducted at department of Orthopaedics, Unit-1, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from July 2006 to June 2007. Study design was experimental. The inclusion criteria were patients of either gender with any age group having diabetic foot Wagner type I, II, III and II. The exclusion criteria were patients not willing for studies and who needed urgent amputation due to deteriorating illness. Initially all wounds were washed thoroughly and necrotic tissues removed and dressings with honey were applied and continued up to healing of wounds.


RESULTS
Total number of patients was 12 (14 feet). There were 8 males (66.67%) and 4 females (33.33%), 2 cases (16.67%) were presented with bilateral diabetic feet. The age range was 35 to 65 years (46 +/- 9.07 years). Amputations of big toe in 3 patients (25%), second and third toe ray in 2 patients (16.67%) and of fourth and fifth toes at the level of metatarsophalengeal joints were done in 3 patients (25%). One patient (8.33%) had below knee amputation.


CONCLUSION
In our study we observed excellent results in treating diabetic wounds with dressings soaked with natural honey. The disability of diabetic foot patients was minimized by decreasing the rate of leg or foot amputations and thus enhancing the quality and productivity of individual life.
Effects of AED device features on performance by untrained laypersons.

OBJECTIVE
Our study evaluates the impact of features of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on the performance and speed of untrained laypersons to deliver a shock and initiate CPR after a shock.


METHODS
This was a randomized trial of volunteer laypersons without AED or advanced medical training. Subjects were assigned to use one of six different models of AEDs on a manikin in simulated cardiac arrest. No instructions on AED operation were provided. Primary endpoints were shock delivery and elapsed time from start to shock. Secondary endpoints included time to power-on, initiation of CPR, adequacy of pad placement and subjects' ratings of ease of use (1=very easy, 5=very difficult).


RESULTS
Most subjects (109/120; 91%) were able to deliver a shock. Median time from start of scenario to shock delivery was 79 s (IQR: 67-99). Of the 11 participants who did not deliver shock, eight never powered on the device. Time to power-on was shorter in devices with open lid (median 12s, IQR 8-27 s) and pull handle (17s, IQR 9-20s) mechanisms than with a push button (37s, IQR 18-69 s; p=0.000). Pad position on the manikin was judged adequate for 86 (77%) of the 111 subjects who placed pads. Devices which gave more detailed voice instruction for pad placement had higher rates of adequate pad position [38/39 (97%) versus 50/73 (68%), p=0.001]. With AEDs that provided step-by-step CPR instruction, 49/58 (84%) subjects began CPR compared to 26/51 (51%) with AEDs that only prompted to start CPR (p=0.01). Participants rated all the models easy to use (overall mean 1.48; individual device means 1.28-1.71).


CONCLUSIONS
Most untrained laypersons were successful in delivering a shock. Device features had the most impact on these functions: ability and time to power-on device, adequacy of pad position and initiation of CPR.
Style momentum within the S&P-500 index

Investors may be able to benefit from equity style management. We find that three company characteristics—market value of equity, book-to-market ratio, and dividend yield-capture stylerelated trends in equity returns. We study all firms in the Standard and Poor’s-500 index since 1976. Strategies that buy stocks with characteristics that are currently in favor (past winners) and that sell stocks with characteristics that are out-of-favor (past losers) perform well for periods up to 1 year and possibly longer. Style momentum in equity returns is an empirical phenomenon that is distinct from price and industry momentum. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Implementation research: a synthesis of the literature.

Implementation Research: A Synthesis of the Literature, by Dean Fixsen, Sandra Naoom, Karen Blase, Robert Friedman, and Frances Wallace was published in 2005 by the National Implementation Research Network at the Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida and produced with support from the William T. Grant Foundation. This summary was created by the National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention and is being distributed with permission from the National Implementation Research Network. The opinions expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the William T. Grant Foundation. The complete version of Implementation Research: A Synthesis of the Literature is available online at http://nirn.fmhi.usf.edu/resources.
TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detector

Scene text detection is an important step of scene text recognition system and also a challenging problem. Different from general object detections, the main challenges of scene text detection lie on arbitrary orientations, small sizes, and significantly variant aspect ratios of text in natural images. In this paper, we present an end-to-end trainable fast scene text detector, named TextBoxes++, which detects arbitrary-oriented scene text with both high accuracy and efficiency in a single network forward pass. No post-processing other than efficient non-maximum suppression is involved. We have evaluated the proposed TextBoxes++ on four public data sets. In all experiments, TextBoxes++ outperforms competing methods in terms of text localization accuracy and runtime. More specifically, TextBoxes++ achieves an f-measure of 0.817 at 11.6 frames/s for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1024 \times 1024$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ICDAR 2015 incidental text images and an f-measure of 0.5591 at 19.8 frames/s for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$768 \times 768$ </tex-math></inline-formula> COCO-Text images. Furthermore, combined with a text recognizer, TextBoxes++ significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for word spotting and end-to-end text recognition tasks on popular benchmarks. Code is available at: <uri>https://github.com/MhLiao/TextBoxes_plusplus</uri>.