LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively from the time of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the mortality rates among patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated actively according to the "sawtooth" strategy.


METHODS
The study included 150 early, disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) naive patients with RA from two patient cohorts. The first cohort was assembled between 1986 and 1989 (87 patients, aged 19-65 years at onset) and the second between 1991 and 1993 (63 patients, aged 27-83 years at onset). The mean duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was 7.1 months (range 2-24). The clinical data and the use of DMARDs were systematically recorded. The causes of death were obtained from death certificates and medical records, if available. The data were collected up to 1 November 2000.


RESULTS
During a follow up time of 7-14 years, 24 patients died. The standardised mortality ratio was not increased (0.93 in the first cohort and 1.62 in the second cohort). Age adjusted mortality rates did not differ statistically significantly between the two patient cohorts. The causes of death included malignancy (8 patients); cardiovascular diseases (10); respiratory disease (4), including two patients with pneumonia; sepsis (one); and RA (one). High inflammatory activity, disease activity, and poor functional ability at study entry, and the presence of extra-articular features during the follow up were more common among the patients who had died.


CONCLUSIONS
No statistically significant increase in mortality rates was seen in these actively treated early RA cohorts during the follow up. High disease activity at the onset and the development of extra-articular features seem to be associated with mortality.
Statistical Learning Mechanisms in Infancy

Development and Function in the Brain published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator.
Craving Facebook? Behavioral addiction to online social networking and its association with emotion regulation deficits.

AIMS
To assess disordered online social networking use via modified diagnostic criteria for substance dependence, and to examine its association with difficulties with emotion regulation and substance use.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey study targeting undergraduate students. Associations between disordered online social networking use, internet addiction, deficits in emotion regulation and alcohol use problems were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance.


SETTING
A large University in the Northeastern United States.


PARTICIPANTS
Undergraduate students (n = 253, 62.8% female, 60.9% white, age mean = 19.68, standard deviation = 2.85), largely representative of the target population. The response rate was 100%.


MEASUREMENTS
Disordered online social networking use, determined via modified measures of alcohol abuse and dependence, including DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence, the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and the Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE) screen, along with the Young Internet Addiction Test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, White Bear Suppression Inventory and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.


FINDINGS
Disordered online social networking use was present in 9.7% [n = 23; 95% confidence interval (5.9, 13.4)] of the sample surveyed, and significantly and positively associated with scores on the Young Internet Addiction Test (P < 0.001), greater difficulties with emotion regulation (P = 0.003) and problem drinking (P = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
The use of online social networking sites is potentially addictive. Modified measures of substance abuse and dependence are suitable in assessing disordered online social networking use. Disordered online social networking use seems to arise as part of a cluster of symptoms of poor emotion regulation skills and heightened susceptibility to both substance and non-substance addiction.
Intrusion Detection Techniques

ion-Based Intrusion Detection The implementation of many misuse detection approaches shares a common problem: Each system is written for a single environment and has proved difficult to use in other environments that may have similar policies and concerns. The primary goal of abstraction-based intrusion detection is to address this problem.
Extended-release niacin decreases serum fetuin-A concentrations in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Fetuin-A, a liver-secreted phosphoprotein and physiological inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. However, studies on the modulation of circulating levels of fetuin-A are limited. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of niacin administration on serum total- and phosphorylated fetuin-A (phosphofetuin-A) concentrations in individuals with MetS and correlate with changes in serum lipids, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation.


METHODS
Fifteen sedentary, obese, male participants, who met the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria for MetS, were treated with extended-release niacin (Niaspan) for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after treatment with niacin.


RESULTS
Serum fetuin-A and phosphofetuin-A concentrations were decreased following niacin administration (p < 0.005). Changes in fetuin-A concentrations were correlated with changes in triglyceride (r = 0.62, p = 0.01) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) after niacin treatment. Changes in high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol following niacin intervention were negatively correlated with changes in serum fetuin-A (p < 0.05) and phosphofetuin-A concentrations (p < 0.05). Serum cortisol levels were significantly elevated after niacin administration.


CONCLUSIONS
Niacin treatment lowers serum total- and phosphofetuin-A concentrations in individuals with MetS, and these changes correlate with the beneficial changes in serum lipids. Because niacin is known to induce insulin resistance, these findings suggest that fetuin-A may not be a mediator of niacin-induced insulin resistance but it may blunt the insulin resistance induced by niacin by decreasing its circulating concentrations.
Genetic variances, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in yellow maize crosses (Zea mays L.).

The present study was undertaken to study the gene action, narrow sense heritability, interrelationships among traits and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components, plant and ear height, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf weight (SLW) and physiological maturity (Ph. M). Fifteen hybrids produced using a half diallel fashion in 2008 season were evaluated for grain yield and its components and morphophysiological traits during 2009 season. The obtained results indicated that all estimates of additive (VA) and dominance (VD) variance were significant for all characteristics with exception of additive variance for specific leaf weight Also, dominance variance for leaf area index, plant and ear height, ear length, and number of kernel per row. However the magnitude of VA was consistently larger than that of VD for all characteristics with exception of specific leaf weight, silking date, stay green, 100kernel weight and grain yield where VD values were larger than VA values.High narrow sense heritability estimates were detected for leaf area index (96%), number of kernel per row (86%), plant height (85%), ear height (83%), physiological maturity (82%), number of rows per ear (77%), ear length (73%) and ear diameter (62%) and Emphasizing that the additive genetic variance was the major component of genetic variation in the inheritance of these traits and the effectiveness of selection for improving these traits. However, moderate narrow sense heritability estimates were obtained for leaf angel (48%), specific leaf area (46%) and 100kernel weight (44%). While estimates were low for grain yield (39%), silking date (34%), stay green (27%) and specific leaf weight (26%). These results indicated the importance of choosing the suitable segregating generations for exhibiting the best expression of gene of different studied traits. Correlation coefficients among traits indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with number of kernel per row (0.589), ear length (0.465), and leaf area index (0.497).The path coefficient analysis was calculated to detect the relative importance of characters contributing to grain yield. Data showed that each of leaf area index, ear diameter and physiological maturity had high positive direct effects on grain yield.
Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Internet Users: An Online Questionnaire Survey

BACKGROUNDS
Internet addiction (IA) has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to psychiatric disorders and suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA and its associated psychosocial and psychopathological determinants among internet users across different age groups.


METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional survey initiated by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center. The participants were recruited from the general public who responded to the online questionnaire. They completed a series of self-reported measures, including Chen Internet Addiction Scale-revised (CIAS-R), Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), and questions about suicide and internet use habits.


RESULTS
We enrolled 1100 respondents with a preponderance of female subjects (85.8%). Based on an optimal cutoff for CIAS-R (67/68), the prevalence rate of IA was 10.6%. People with higher scores of CIAS-R were characterized as: male, single, students, high neuroticism, life impairment due to internet use, time for internet use, online gaming, presence of psychiatric morbidity, recent suicide ideation and past suicide attempts. Multiple regression on IA showed that age, gender, neuroticism, life impairment, internet use time, and BSRS-5 score accounted for 31% of variance for CIAS-R score. Further, logistic regression showed that neuroticism, life impairment and internet use time were three main predictors for IA. Compared to those without IA, the internet addicts had higher rates of psychiatric morbidity (65.0%), suicide ideation in a week (47.0%), lifetime suicide attempts (23.1%), and suicide attempt in a year (5.1%).


CONCLUSION
Neurotic personality traits, psychopathology, time for internet use and its subsequent life impairment were important predictors for IA. Individuals with IA may have higher rates of psychiatric morbidity and suicide risks. The findings provide important information for further investigation and prevention of IA.
Machine Learning Based Twitter Spam Account Detection: A Review

Online social networks (OSNs) are emerging communication medium for people to establish and manage social relationships. In OSNs, regularly billions of users are involved in social interaction, content and opinion dissemination, networking, recommendations, scouting, alerting, and social campaigns. The popularization of OSNs open up a new perspectives and challenges to the study of social networks, being of interest to many fields. Social network is a place where social activities, business oriented activities, entertainment, and information are exchanged. It establish a worldwide connectivity environment where communities of people share their interests and activities, or who are interested in interests and activities of others Although social network has given immense benefits to people at the same time harming people with various mischievous activities that take place on social platforms. This causes significant economic loss to our society and even threaten the national security. All the social networks Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. are highly susceptible to malware activities. Twitter is one of the biggest microblogging networking platform, it has more than half a billion tweets are posted every day in average by millions of users on Twitter. Such a versatility and wide spread of use, Twitter easily get intruded with malicious activities. Malicious activities includes malware intrusion, spam distribution, social attacks, etc. Spammers use social engineering attack strategy to send spam tweets, spam URLs, etc. This made twitter an ideal arena for proliferation of anomalous spam accounts. The impact stimulates researchers to develop a model that analyze, detects and recovers from defamatory actions in twitter. Twitter network is inundated with tens of millions of fake spam profiles which may jeopardize the normal user’s security and privacy. To improve real users safety and identification of spam profiles become key parts of the research.
CVSSearch: Searching through Source Code Using CVS Comments

CVSSearch is a tool that searches for fragments of source code by using CVS comments. CVS is a version control system that is widely used in the open source community [4]. Our search tool takes advantage of the fact that a CVS comment typically describes the lines of code involved in the commit and this description will typically hold for many future versions. In other words, CVSSearch allows one to better search the most recent version of the code by looking at previous versions to better understand the current version.
Human Identification From Dental X-Ray Images Based on the Shape and Appearance of the Teeth

Dental biometrics deal with human identification from dental characteristics. In this paper, we present a new technique for identifying people based upon shapes and appearances of their teeth from dental X-ray radiographs. The new technique represents each tooth by a feature vector obtained from the forcefield energy function of the grayscale image of the tooth and Fourier descriptors of the contour of the tooth. The feature vector is composed of the distances between a small number of potential energy wells as well as a small number of Fourier descriptors. Given a query image (i.e., postmortem radiograph), each tooth is matched with the archived teeth in the database (antemortem radiographs) that have the same tooth number. Then, voting is used to obtain a list of best matches for the query image based upon the matching results of the individual teeth. Our goal of using appearance and shape-based features together is to overcome the drawback of using only the contour of the tooth, which can be strongly affected by the quality of the images. The experimental results on a database of 162 antemortem images show that our method is effective in identifying individuals based on their dental radiographs
The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes.

BACKGROUND
Economy, velocity/power at maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and endurance-specific muscle power tests (i.e. maximal anaerobic running velocity; vMART), are now thought to be the best performance predictors in elite endurance athletes. In addition to cardiovascular function, these key performance indicators are believed to be partly dictated by the neuromuscular system. One technique to improve neuromuscular efficiency in athletes is through strength training.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to search the body of scientific literature for original research investigating the effect of strength training on performance indicators in well-trained endurance athletes-specifically economy, [Formula: see text] and muscle power (vMART).


METHODS
A search was performed using the MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science search engines. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria (athletes had to be trained endurance athletes with ≥6 months endurance training, training ≥6 h per week OR [Formula: see text] ≥50 mL/min/kg, the strength interventions had to be ≥5 weeks in duration, and control groups used). All studies were reviewed using the PEDro scale.


RESULTS
The results showed that strength training improved time-trial performance, economy, [Formula: see text] and vMART in competitive endurance athletes.


CONCLUSION
The present research available supports the addition of strength training in an endurance athlete's programme for improved economy, [Formula: see text], muscle power and performance. However, it is evident that further research is needed. Future investigations should include valid strength assessments (i.e. squats, jump squats, drop jumps) through a range of velocities (maximal-strength ↔ strength-speed ↔ speed-strength ↔ reactive-strength), and administer appropriate strength programmes (exercise, load and velocity prescription) over a long-term intervention period (>6 months) for optimal transfer to performance.
[Factors associated with asthma control in primary care patients: the CHAS study].

BACKGROUND
Asthma control is inadequate in all populations studied to date, leading to a major part of the cost of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma in primary care patients and identify the associated factors.


METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study of the population of primary care asthmatic patients over 18 years old in Spain (n=2159). Asthma control was measured with the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). The sociodemographic variables and treatment compliance were measured using a questionnaire. We built logistic-regression models using Asthma control, a dichotomous variable generated from ACQ score.


RESULTS
The prevalence of uncontrolled asthma was 63.9%. Treatment with oral corticosteroids (OCS) (OR=6.55), greater asthma severity (OR=3.11), presence of a distressing event (OR=2.44), lower significance given to treatment compliance (OR=1.66) and living in a rural area (OR=1.29) are associated with uncontrolled asthma. On the contrary, sex, age, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake and educational level had no effect on asthma control.


CONCLUSIONS
In Spain asthma is still uncontrolled and some factors leading to this situation appear to be modifiable by the health system.
Elucidating Poor Decision-Making in a Rat Gambling Task

Although poor decision-making is a hallmark of psychiatric conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, pathological gambling or substance abuse, a fraction of healthy individuals exhibit similar poor decision-making performances in everyday life and specific laboratory tasks such as the Iowa Gambling Task. These particular individuals may provide information on risk factors or common endophenotypes of these mental disorders. In a rodent version of the Iowa gambling task--the Rat Gambling Task (RGT), we identified a population of poor decision makers, and assessed how these rats scored for several behavioral traits relevant to executive disorders: risk taking, reward seeking, behavioral inflexibility, and several aspects of impulsivity. First, we found that poor decision-making could not be well predicted by single behavioral and cognitive characteristics when considered separately. By contrast, a combination of independent traits in the same individual, namely risk taking, reward seeking, behavioral inflexibility, as well as motor impulsivity, was highly predictive of poor decision-making. Second, using a reinforcement-learning model of the RGT, we confirmed that only the combination of extreme scores on these traits could induce maladaptive decision-making. Third, the model suggested that a combination of these behavioral traits results in an inaccurate representation of rewards and penalties and inefficient learning of the environment. Poor decision-making appears as a consequence of the over-valuation of high-reward-high-risk options in the task. Such a specific psychological profile could greatly impair clinically healthy individuals in decision-making tasks and may predispose to mental disorders with similar symptoms.
Fraïssé’s Construction from a Topos-Theoretic Perspective

We present a topos-theoretic interpretation of (a categorical generalization of) Fraïssé’s construction in Model Theory, with applications to homogeneous models and countably categorical theories.
Utilization of Agro-industrial Wastes for the Simultaneous Production of Amylase and Xylanase by Thermophilic Actinomycetes

Agro-industrial wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, rice bran, corn cob and wheat straw are cheapest and abundantly available natural carbon sources. The present study was aimed to production of amylase and xylanase simultaneously using agro-industrial waste as the sole carbon source. Seven thermophilic strains of actinomycete were isolated from the mushroom compost. Among of these, strain designated MSC702 having high potential to utilize agro-industrial wastes for the production of amylase and xylanase. Strain MSC702 was identified as novel species of Streptomyces through morphological characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Enzyme production was determined using 1% (w/v) of various agro-industrial waste in production medium containing (g/100mL): K2HPO4 (0.1), (NH4)2SO4 (0.1), NaCl (0.1), MgSO4 (0.1) at pH 7.0 after incubation of 48 h at 50°C. The amylase activity (373.89 IU/mL) and xylanase activity (30.15 IU/mL) was maximum in rice bran. The decreasing order of amylase and xylanase activity in different type of agro-industrial wastes were found rice bran (RB) > corn cob (CC) > wheat bran (WB) > wheat straw (WS) > sugarcane bagasse (SB) and rice bran (RB) > wheat bran (WB) > wheat straw (WS) > sugarcane bagasse (SB) > corn cob (CC), respectively. Mixed effect of different agro-industrial wastes was examined in different ratios. Enzyme yield of amylase and xylanase was ~1.3 and ~2.0 fold higher with RB: WB in 1:2 ratio.
The Role of School Social Environment on Dental Caries Experience in 8- to 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children: A Multilevel Analysis.

AIM
Although children spend most of their time involved in activities related to school, few studies have focused on the association between school social environment and oral health. This cross-sectional study assessed individual and school-related social environment correlates of dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-12 years.


METHODS
A sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n=1,211) was selected. Socio-economic data were collected from parents, and data regarding children characteristics were collected from children using a questionnaire. Dental examinations were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque: dental caries experience (DMFT≥1) and dental caries severity (mean dmf-t/DMF-T). The social school environment was assessed by a questionnaire administered to school coordinators. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between school social environment and dental caries prevalence and experience.


RESULTS
The dental caries prevalence was 32.4% (95% confidence interval: 29.7-35.2) and the mean dmf-t/DMF-T was 1.84 (standard deviation: 2.2). Multilevel models showed that the mean dmf-t/DMF-T and DMFT≥1 were associated with lower maternal schooling and higher levels of dental plaque. For contextual variables, schools offering after-hours sports activities were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries and a lower mean of dmf-t/DMF-T, while the occurrence of violence and theft episodes was positively associated with dental caries.


CONCLUSIONS
The school social environment has an influence on dental caries in children. The results suggest that strategies focused on the promotion of healthier environments should be stimulated to reduce inequalities in dental caries.
Scope of practice--twenty-first century.

Many nonphysician health care practitioners are looking to expand their scope of practice. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.