LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Nigerian Pharmacists towards Pharmaceutical Care

Objective: To explore Nigerian pharmacists’ attitudes towards pharmaceutical care, and determine significant attitudinal differences in different practice settings. Method: A 25-item self-completion pre-tested and validated questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 1500 pharmacists in Nigeria. Data were gathered on a Likert-type rating scale. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and mean scores, and significant attitudinal differences on sample characteristics were computed. Main outcome measure: Pharmacists’ opinions on multi-item pharmaceutical care attitudinal scale. Result: The national survey achieved 67% response rate. About three-quarters (76%, n = 1005) of the respondents indicated willingness to embrace pharmaceutical care. Nearly all the pharmacists (96%) believed pharmaceutical care would enhance patients’ appreciation of the pharmacist and 84% reported their intention to practice pharmaceutical care even if there is no additional income. An overwhelming 93% said that they would participate in any training program to enable them to practice pharmaceutical care, while less than a quarter (20%) claimed their pharmacy layout was suited for patient-centered practice. Three quarters (75%) of the respondents indicated positive attitude towards pharmaceutical care. Both male and female genders, all age groups, different levels of professional experience, and pharmacists in hospital, community, industrial and administrative practice settings had similar positive attitude scores. Only pharmacists’ professional experience appeared to have a significant influence on attitude scores (F = 5.267; P = 0.001), with scores varying with the level of professional experience. Conclusion: The study has shown that the attitudes of Nigerian pharmacists towards pharmaceutical care are favorably high irrespective of the practice settings. The attitude ratings vary with the levels of professional experience, with pharmacists having less experience showing more positive attitude. Nigerian pharmacists indicated willingness to implement pharmaceutical care but expressed major concerns about their knowledge, professional skills, and pharmacy layout. Gradual introduction of pharmaceutical care would be logical.
A revised approach to patient selection for cardiac resynchronization treatment using multiple asynchrony parameters in Narrow- and Wide-QRS cardiomyopathy causes cardiac reverse remodelling: a single centre non-randomized prospective study.

AIMS
Conflicting data exists on the benefit of cardiac resynchronization treatment (CRT) in patients with narrow QRS (Narrow-QRS) cardiomyopathy (CMP). We determined the effect of CRT in patients with CMP and mechanical asynchrony based on a comprehensive assessment by multiple echocardiographic criteria.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Ninety patients, 65 +/- 16 years, 32 with Narrow-QRS <120 ms and 58 with wide QRS >or=120 ms (Wide-QRS) CMP who met criteria for significant mechanical asynchrony by 15 criteria before CRT were studied. Responders were patients in whom end-systolic volume (ESV) reduced by >or=15% post-CRT. There was no difference in the response to CRT in the Narrow-QRS (ESV 132 +/- 60 to 120 +/- 60 mL, P = 0.02) or Wide-QRS (123 +/- 54 to 102 +/- 50 mL, P < 0.01) groups at 1 +/- 2 month follow-up. A difference of >or=40% in time to peak contraction in a cardiac cycle on tissue velocity imaging between the earliest and the most delayed segment had the best area under curve for response to CRT, 0.71 (0.55-0.85), P = 0.02. Using logistic regression model, delay in mid-posterolateral segment of >or=20% in a cardiac cycle compared with remaining 10 segments was the only predictor of response to CRT in the overall study population. Conclusion In patients with CMP and mechanical asynchrony by multiple criteria, response to CRT in Narrow-QRS group is similar to those with Wide-QRS. Greater than or equal to 40% delay in systolic contraction between 12 left ventricular (LV) segments or >or=20% delay of posterolateral segment to other LV segments predicted CRT response.
Making 'Citizens' into Political Subjects

review 1 in 2005 in the electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies - book review of Sasaki-Uemura, W. M. (2001), Organizing the Spontaneous: Citizen Protest in Postwar Japan, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
Biweekly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as second-line treatment in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer after failure of platinum and paclitaxel: results from a multi-center phase II study of the NOGGO.

BACKGROUND
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is one of the most effective cytotoxic agents in recurrent ovarian cancer. Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is a typical and commonly noted adverse event and often represents the dose-limiting toxicity. The purpose of this multicenter study was to determine the efficacy of this regimen as second-line therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer after surgery and initial treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel were enrolled. Eligible patients were required to have an ECOG performance status of < or =2, and sufficient organ function. PLD was administered at a dose of 20 mg/m2 every two weeks.


RESULTS
Twenty patients were recruited into this trial. Overall, 155 cycles of chemotherapy with a median of six courses (range 4-24) were administered. The median patient age was 64 years (range, 41-77 years). The hematological and non-hematological toxicity profile was favorable. No grade IV toxicity was observed. PPE grade III toxicity was noted in only one patient. Median overall survival was 19.2 months (range 1.8 to 39 months; 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.2-29.7 months) Progression-free survival was 3.3 months (range 1.38 to 36.4 months; 95% CI 1.84-13.4 months).


CONCLUSION
Biweekly PLD is an effective second-line treatment for patients with relapsed ovarian cancer. Toxicity incidence with this treatment schedule does not appear to be associated with the number of previous chemotherapies. Our data supports the need for a randomized study comparing biweekly with conventional monthly administration of 40 mg/m2 or 50 mg/m2 PLD to determine the best therapeutic index for PLD.
Research on steering motion of omnidirectional platform based on Mecanum wheel

There are 3 planar DOF of omnidirectional motion device. The kinematic model is analysed according to the construction of Mecanum wheel in this paper, generalized inverse motion equation of steering is derived. Then virtual prototyping model is built by dynamic software RecurDyn, several typical steering motion is simulated and validated, which settles the basis of further research on motion control of this platform.
Preliminary results of the Prostacox phase II trial in hormonal refractory prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES
To assess in a phase II open multicentre study the efficacy and tolerance of docetaxel administered every 14 days combined with celecoxib, in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), and to test the hypothesis that this therapeutic combination would improve overall survival.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 48 patients were included with a mean age of 70.4 years and Gleason score of 7.5, all had a satisfactory Karnofsky performance-status score of 92% and a metastatic bone site was measurable in 77%. The mean delay between initial diagnosis and docetaxel administration was 45 months, with a median PSA level increase of 54.8 ng/mL. The therapeutic schedule was: docetaxel (50 mg/m(2)) administered every 14 days (one cycle of two injections at 2 week intervals (Day 1 = Day 28) with a total of six cycles) and simultaneously a daily oral fixed dose of celecoxib (800 mg).


RESULTS
In all, 237 cycles of docetaxel were administered with a dose reduction in 23 patients at the beginning of a cycle (day 1) and 36 in the middle of a cycle (day 14). The haematological toxicity included anaemia grade 1-2 (78%) and only 10% neutropenia grade 3-4. However, there was only a 15% improvement of pain intensity. The response rate for the total PSA level was 45.5 (30.4-61.1)%, the mean time to progression was 9.3 months and the tumour-response rate was 26.3%. In all, 75% of patients had an overall survival of >14.6 months.


CONCLUSION
Our results confirm the usefulness of docetaxel for HRPC treatment and show a significant reduction of haematological toxicity with bi-weekly docetaxel administration combined with celecoxib.
Implementation of a zero voltage switching Sepic-Cuk converter

This paper presents the system analysis and implementation of a soft switching Sepic-Cuk converter to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS). In the proposed converter, the Sepic and Cuk topologies are combined together in the output side. The features of the proposed converter are to reduce the circuit components (share the power components in the transformer primary side) and to share the load current. Active snubber is connected in parallel with the primary side of transformer to release the energy stored in the leakage inductor of transformer and to limit the peak voltage stress of switching devices when the main switch is turned off. The active snubber can achieve ZVS turn-on for power switches. Experimental results, taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 300W, are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. I. Introduction Modern
The Top 10 Challenges in Extreme-Scale Visual Analytics

A team of scientists and researchers discusses the top 10 challenges in extreme-scale visual analytics (VA). The discussion covers applying VA technologies to both scientific and nonscientific data, evaluating the problems and challenges from both technical and social perspectives.
Factors influencing food choices of adolescents: findings from focus-group discussions with adolescents.

OBJECTIVE
To assess adolescents' perceptions about factors influencing their food choices and eating behaviors.


DESIGN
Data were collected in focus-group discussions.


SUBJECTS/SETTING
The study population included 141 adolescents in 7th and 10th grade from 2 urban schools in St Paul, Minn, who participated in 21 focus groups.


ANALYSIS
Data were analyzed using qualitative research methodology, specifically, the constant comparative method.


RESULTS
Factors perceived as influencing food choices included hunger and food cravings, appeal of food, time considerations of adolescents and parents, convenience of food, food availability, parental influence on eating behaviors (including the culture or religion of the family), benefits of foods (including health), situation-specific factors, mood, body image, habit, cost, media, and vegetarian beliefs. Major barriers to eating more fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and eating fewer high-fat foods included a lack of sense of urgency about personal health in relation to other concerns, and taste preferences for other foods. Suggestions for helping adolescents eat a more healthful diet include making healthful food taste and look better, limiting the availability of unhealthful options, making healthful food more available and convenient, teaching children good eating habits at an early age, and changing social norms to make it "cool" to eat healthfully.


APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that if programs to improve adolescent nutrition are to be effective, they need to address a broad range of factors, in particular environmental factors (e.g., the increased availability and promotion of appealing, convenient foods within homes schools, and restaurants).
Management of inter-dental/inter-implant papilla.

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this paper are to review and compare existing techniques for creation of interdental/interimplant papillae, to address factors that may influence its appearance and to present an approach that authors developed that could help clinicians to manage and recreate the interproximal papillae.


METHODS
Papers related to interdental and interimplant papillae published over the last 30 years were selected and analyzed.


RESULTS
Thorough treatment planning is essential for maintenance of the height of the interproximal papillae following tooth removal. The key for achieving an esthetically pleasing outcome is the clinicians' ability of properly managing/creating interdental/interimplant papillae. Bone support is the foundation for any soft tissue existence, techniques such as socket augmentation, orthodontic extrusion, guided bone regeneration, onlay graft and distraction osteogenesis are often used for this purpose. Soft tissue grafts as well as esthetic mimic restorations can also be used to enhance the esthetic outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
An esthetic triangle is developed to address the foundations that are essential for maintaining/creating papilla. These include adequate bone volume, proper soft tissue thickness as well as esthetic appearing restorations.
Fat malabsorption in cystic fibrosis: comparison of quantitative fat assay and a novel assay using fecal lauric/behenic acid.

OBJECTIVES
The gold standard for the diagnosis of fat malabsorption, the 72-hour fat balance study, requires a 3-day collection to generate a coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). We hypothesized that a new test using behenic acid (behenate test) as a nonabsorbable lipid marker may provide a facile means to assess fat absorption. The study proposed to answer 2 questions: first, whether the behenate test correlated with the gold standard and, second, whether the CFA improved when taking pancreatic enzymes during meals instead of taking them before meals.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study compared the behenate test with the gold standard in 15 patients with cystic fibrosis during 3 arms that require 3- to 4-day hospitalization: first, taking pancreatic enzymes before meals; second, taking it during meals; and third, without taking it.


RESULTS
The mean CFA was 78.3% when pancreatic enzymes were taken during meals and 80.4% when these enzymes were taken before meals. Correlation between the CFA and the behenate test for collections during all 3 arms was r = 0.219 (P = 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Timing of ingestion of pancreatic enzymes does not significantly alter the CFA. Although the CFA correlates with the behenate test, the correlation is not robust enough to justify replacement of the gold standard by this test. It is unclear whether the poor correlation between tests relates to intermeal variability in fat excretion or other factors; however, the behenate test may be suitable as a screening test for the detection of fat malabsorption.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) AND MILK THISTLE ( SILYMARIN) IN ISONIAZID INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: Assessment and comparison of hepatoprotective role of garlic and silymarin in antituberculosis drug (Isoniazid) induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Healthy rats weighing 150 – 200g were selected for the study. Rats were divided into four groups, i.e. group A (Control), group B (INH treated group), group C and D serve as experimental groups. The group A received only the normal diet, Group B along with normal diet received the isoniazid (50 mg/kg/day), Group C along with normal diet received the isoniazid (50 mg/kg/day) and Silymarin (200 mg/kg/day), and Group D along with normal diet received the isoniazid (50 mg/kg/day) and garlic (0.25 g/kg/day). Results: On completion of 28 days of treatment blood samples were collected for the assessment of liver function. In group B there was abnormal rise in the levels of biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP and Total Bilirubin). In group C the biochemical markers were near normal levels and in group D the levels of biochemical markers were within normal limits. Conclusion: Both the garlic and silymarin have shown the hepatoprotective effect against the Antituberculosis drug (isoniazid) induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animal model.
Adult stem cell treatment of scleroderma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Provides an update of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis from phase I/II studies and prospective randomized phase III trials, and introduces the concept of mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapy for autoimmune disease.


RECENT FINDINGS
Around 170 transplanted systemic sclerosis patients are registered in Europe. Most received autologous, peripheral blood derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Treatment-related mortality has fallen to 2.5% in the controlled trials compared with 12.5% in the first report in 2002. Over one-third of patients have experienced sustained remission. Two prospective randomized phase III studies are active: the Autologous Stem cell Transplantation International Scleroderma (ASTIS) trial in Europe and the Scleroderma Cyclophosphamide Or Transplant (SCOT) trial in the USA. Both have similar selection criteria, endpoint and control arms, but the SCOT trial uses radiation and less cyclophosphamide. So far, no unexpected toxicity has occurred. Reports produced in the past 12 months show reduction of skin collagen and reversal of microvascular remodelling, years after transplant. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from systemic sclerosis patients show in-vitro immunomodulatory properties equal to healthy controls.


SUMMARY
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently being tested in prospective randomized controlled trials and appears to 'reset' autoimmunity in systemic sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells may have an immunomodulatory role in autoimmune disease.
Palatal flap modifications allow pedicled reconstruction of the skull base.

OBJECTIVES
Defects after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base, have exposed limitations of traditional reconstructive techniques. The ability to adequately reconstruct these defects has lagged behind the ability to approach/resect lesions at the skull base. The posteriorly pedicled nasoseptal flap is our primary reconstructive option; however, prior surgery or tumors can preclude its use. We focused on the branches of the internal maxillary artery, to develop novel pedicled flaps, to facilitate the reconstruction of defects encountered after skull base expanded endonasal approaches.


STUDY DESIGN
Feasibility.


METHODS
We reviewed radiology images with attention to the pterygopalatine fossa and the descending palatine vessels (DPV), which supply the palate. Using cadaver dissections, we investigated the feasibility of transposing the standard mucoperiosteal palatal flap into the nasal cavity and mobilizing the DPV for pedicled skull base reconstruction.


RESULTS
We transposed the palate mucoperiosteum into the nasal cavity through limited enlargement of a single greater palatine foramen. Our method preserves the integrity of the nasal floor mucosa, and mobilizes the DPV from the greater palatine foramen to their origin in the pterygopalatine fossa. Radiological measurements and cadevaric dissections suggest that the transposed, pedicled palatal flap (the Oliver pedicled palatal flap) could be used to reconstruct defects of the planum, sella, and clivus.


CONCLUSIONS
Our novel modifications to the island palatal flap yield a large (12-18 cm(2)) mucoperiosteal flap based on a approximately 3 cm pedicle. The Oliver pedicled palatal flap shows potential for nasal cavity and skull base reconstruction (see video, available online only).
Stage factors relating alienation and self-role diffusion

Abstract A study, controlling for age, sex, and vocational commitment of 290 adolescents (ages 17–19 and 20–22), was conducted to determine the relationship between self- and social alienation attitudes and the identity-role crisis of the adolescent stage. Specific subscale differences due to age and sex for social alienation were found. Younger adolescents expressed greater self-alienation than older males, who were significantly more self-satisfied than both younger and older females and younger males. The hypothesis suggesting that self-alienation reflects conflict and dissatisfaction emerging from identity-role discrepancies during the adolescent stage of psychosocial development, and would decrease with vocational commitment was supported for males but not females.
'teen Mental Health First Aid': a description of the program and an initial evaluation.

BACKGROUND
Many adolescents have poor mental health literacy, stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental illness, and lack skills in providing optimal Mental Health First Aid to peers. These could be improved with training to facilitate better social support and increase appropriate help-seeking among adolescents with emerging mental health problems. teen Mental Health First Aid (teen MHFA), a new initiative of Mental Health First Aid International, is a 3 × 75 min classroom based training program for students aged 15-18 years.


METHODS
An uncontrolled pilot of the teen MHFA course was undertaken to examine the feasibility of providing the program in Australian secondary schools, to test relevant measures of student knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, and to provide initial evidence of program effects.


RESULTS
Across four schools, 988 students received the teen MHFA program. 520 students with a mean age of 16 years completed the baseline questionnaire, 345 completed the post-test and 241 completed the three-month follow-up. Statistically significant improvements were found in mental health literacy, confidence in providing Mental Health First Aid to a peer, help-seeking intentions and student mental health, while stigmatising attitudes significantly reduced.


CONCLUSIONS
teen MHFA appears to be an effective and feasible program for training high school students in Mental Health First Aid techniques. Further research is required with a randomized controlled design to elucidate the causal role of the program in the changes observed.
State of the Art Report: Music Emotion Recognition: A State of the Art Review

This paper surveys the state of the art in automatic emotion recognition in music. Music is oftentimes referred to as a “language of emotion” [1], and it is natural for us to categorize music in terms of its emotional associations. Myriad features, such as harmony, timbre, interpretation, and lyrics affect emotion, and the mood of a piece may also change over its duration. But in developing automated systems to organize music in terms of emotional content, we are faced with a problem that oftentimes lacks a welldefined answer; there may be considerable disagreement regarding the perception and interpretation of the emotions of a song or ambiguity within the piece itself. When compared to other music information retrieval tasks (e.g., genre identification), the identification of musical mood is still in its early stages, though it has received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper we explore a wide range of research in music emotion recognition, particularly focusing on methods that use contextual text information (e.g., websites, tags, and lyrics) and content-based approaches, as well as systems combining multiple feature domains.