LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Initial validation of a computerized version of the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (C-UPSA) for assessing functioning in schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to validate the Computerized UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (C-UPSA), a newly developed scale for assessing functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia.


METHODS
The C-UPSA was administered to 21 middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia and 20 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Schizophrenia participants also completed the original UPSA and a symptom inventory (during a separate visit), and cognitive functioning was assessed in both groups using a brief neuropsychological screening battery.


RESULTS
The C-UPSA total score was significantly correlated with UPSA total scores, and the magnitude of the correlation was comparable to the test-retest reliability of the original UPSA. The C-UPSA was also significantly correlated with UPSA-Brief scores and neuropsychological status among schizophrenia participants. Furthermore, the schizophrenia group scored significantly lower than the HCs on the C-UPSA. ROC curves were generated to determine the optimal C-UPSA value for discriminating between the two groups, with results indicating an optimal cutoff of 75, which is consistent with the derived cutoff from the original UPSA. The C-UPSA identified persons with schizophrenia with 95% accuracy.


CONCLUSIONS
The C-UPSA appears to be highly related to the original UPSA. It has several advantages over the standard version, including increased portability, decreased administration time, and minimized examiner impact on participant performance. Future research would benefit from establishing this test as a clinical and research tool to effectively assess functional capacity.
High-dose midazolam therapy for refractory status epilepticus in children

To assess the efficacy of high-dose midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in children. Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Audit of clinical experience. Seventeen consecutive patients treated for episodes of refractory status epilepticus. Algorithm-driven administration of intravenous midazolam to control RSE. Regular, mandatory, patient evaluation to avoid delay in the appropriate escalation of therapy. Our target was the abolition of clinical seizures within 30 min of initiating treatment and early confirmation of cessation of all seizure activity using EEG. The algorithm had failed if clinical seizures persisted beyond 30 min despite the administration of midazolam at 24 μg/kg/min or if administration of a further acute anti-epileptic drug was required to achieve seizure control. The midazolam infusion rate, cumulative midazolam dose and duration of midazolam therapy at time of clinical seizure control were recorded. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously. Episodes of algorithm failure, breakthrough seizures and seizure relapses were identified. Patient outcome was measured in terms of survival to PICU discharge. In 13 patients (76%) midazolam achieved clinical seizure control within 30 min of treatment initiation. Midazolam was eventually successful in treating 15 seizure episodes (88%). Breakthrough seizures occurred in 8 patients (47%). Relapse after discontinuation of therapy occurred in 1 patient (6%). No significant adverse effects attributable to the use of midazolam occurred. There were 3 deaths (18%) related to underlying CNS pathology. Midazolam can offer control of refractory status epilepticus without significant morbidity.
Human Evolutionary Genetics: Origins, Peoples & Disease

Section 1: Introduction 1. Why Study Human Evolutionary Genetics? Section 2: How do we study Genome Diversity? 2. Structure, Function and Inheritance of the Human Genome 3. The Diversity of the Human Genome 4. Discovering and Assaying Genome Diversity Section 3: How do we Interpret Genetic Variation? 5. Processes Shaping Diversity 6. Making Inferences from Diversity Section 4: Where and When did Humans Originate? 7. Human Apes 8. Origins of Modern Humans Section 5: How did Humans Colonize the World? 9. The Distribution of Diversity - Out of Africa and into Asia, Australia and Europe 10. Agricultural Expansions 11. Into New Found Lands 12. What Happens When Populations Meet? Section 6: What use is an Evolutionary Perspective? 13. Understanding the Past and Future of Phenotypic Variation 14. Health Implications of Our Evolutionary Heritage 15. Identity and Identification
Implementation of LabVIEW®-based joint-linear motion blending on a lab-manufactured 6-axis articulated robot (RS2)

For fast and accurate motion of 6-axis articulated robot, more noble motion control strategy is needed. In general, the movement strategy of industrial robots can be divided into two kinds, PTP (Point to Point) and CP (Continuous Path). In recent, industrial robots which should be co-worked with machine tools are increasingly needed for performing various jobs, as well as simple handling or welding. Therefore, in order to cope with high-speed handling of the cooperation of industrial robots with machine tools or other devices, CP should be implemented so as to reduce vibration and noise, as well as decreasing operation time. This paper will realize CP motion (especially joint-linear) blending in 3-dimensional space for a 6-axis articulated (lab-manufactured) robot (called as “RS2”) by using LabVIEW® [6] programming, based on a parametric interpolation. Another small contribution of this paper is the proposal of motion blending simulation technique based on Recurdyn® V7, in order to figure out whether the joint-linear blending motion can generate the stable motion of robot in the sense of velocity magnitude at the end-effector of robot or not. In order to evaluate the performance of joint-linear motion blending, simple PTP (i.e., linear-linear) is also physically implemented on RS2. The implementation results of joint-linear motion blending and PTP are compared in terms of vibration magnitude and travel time by using the vibration testing equipment of Medallion of Zonic®. It can be confirmed verified that the vibration peak of joint-linear motion blending has been reduced to 1/10, compared to that of PTP.
Reiter's syndrome and hearing loss: a possible association?

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after the onset of Reiter's syndrome. Audiometry confirmed the hearing loss on the left ear; blood work showed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C3 fraction of the complement. Genotyping for HLA-B27 was positive. Treatment with prednisolone did not improve the hearing levels.
The Discovery of the Residual: An Historical Note

This note reviews the history of the 'residual,' from its earliest articulation in Copeland (1937) to its codification in Solow (1957), describing the various earlier contributions by Tinbergen, Stigler, Schmookler, Fabricant, Kendrick, Abramovitz and others.
Self-Organizing Maps

The most important aspects for creating good SOM maps are the selection of the size and shape of the SOM, the scaling of the input variables, the selection of the neighborhood function and the learning rate, and the initialization of the model vectors. In addition, we discuss automatic procedures for color-coding of SOM maps. The data entries corresponding to, for example, different countries can be automatically colored so that similar data attain a similar color.
RENORMALIZATION PROGRAMME FOR EFFECTIVE THEORIES

We summarize our latest developments in perturbative treating the effective theories of strong interactions. We discuss the principles of constructing the mathematically correct expressions for the S-matrix elements at a given loop order and briefly review the renormalization procedure. This talk shall provide the philosophical basement as well as serve as an introduction for the material presented at this conference by A. Vereshagin and K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky [1].
Decomposition-based assembly synthesis of space frame structures using joint library

This paper presents a method for identifying the optimal designs of components and joints in the space frame body structures of passenger vehicles considering structural characteristics, manufacturability, and assembleability. Dissimilar to our previous work based on graph decomposition, the problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the locations and types of joints in a structure and the cross sections of the joined structural frames, selected from a predefined joint library. The joint library is a set of joint designs containing the geometry of the feasible joints at each potential joint location and the cross sections of the joined frames, associated with their structural characteristics as equivalent torsional springs obtained from the finite element analyses of the detailed joint geometry. Structural characteristics of the entire structure are evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model constructed from the selected joints and joined frames. Manufacturability and assembleability are evaluated as the manufacturing and assembly costs estimated from the geometry of the components and joints, respectively. The optimization problem is solved by a multiobjective genetic algorithm using a direct crossover. A case study on an aluminum space frame of a midsize passenger vehicle is discussed. DOI: 10.1115/1.1909203
Dynamic instability of cooperation due to diverse activity patterns in evolutionary social dilemmas

Individuals might abstain from participating in an instance of an evolutionary game for various reasons, ranging from lack of interest to risk aversion. In order to understand the consequences of such diverse activity patterns on the evolution of cooperation, we study a weak prisoner’s dilemma where each player’s participation is probabilistic rather than certain. Players that do not participate get a null payoff and are unable to replicate. We show that inactivity introduces cascading failures of cooperation, which are particularly severe on scale-free networks with frequently inactive hubs. The drops in the fraction of cooperators are sudden, while the spatiotemporal reorganization of compact cooperative clusters, and thus the recovery, takes time. Nevertheless, if the activity of players is directly proportional to their degree, or if the interaction network is not strongly heterogeneous, the overall evolution of cooperation is not impaired. This is because inactivity negatively affects the potency of low-degree defectors, who are hence unable to utilize on their inherent evolutionary advantage. Between cascading failures, the fraction of cooperators is therefore higher than usual, which lastly balances out the asymmetric dynamic instabilities that emerge due to intermittent blackouts of cooperative hubs. Copyright c © EPLA, 2015 Evolutionary game theory [1,2] is the theoretical framework of choice for studying the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas [3]. In evolutionary games strategies with a high fitness proliferate, while strategies who fail to reproduce are destined to disappear through natural selection. The problem in the realm of social dilemmas is that the strategy that ensures the highest individual fitness is defection, while the society as a whole is best off if everybody would cooperate. The expectation therefore is that cooperative behavior should not have evolved under such circumstances. Yet cooperation in nature abounds [4–6], even under circumstances that constitute a social dilemma, and it is difficult to reconcile this with the fundamental assumptions of natural selection that are described in Darwin’s The Origin of Species. Indeed, widespread altruistic cooperation is an important challenge to Darwin’s theory of evolution, and knowing how it evolved is fundamental for the understanding of the main evolutionary transitions that led from single-cell organisms to complex animal and human societies [7]. Due to the universal appeal of the subject, ample research efforts have been invested towards reconciling theory and observations, and several mechanisms have been identified that promote cooperation in evolutionary social dilemmas. While Hamilton’s kin selection theory [8] and various forms of reciprocity and group selection are probably the most famous examples [9], many refinements to these fundamental mechanisms have been proposed and explored. Evolutionary games in structured populations, in particular, have recently attracted considerable attention [10–14], as it becomes clear that methods of statistical
Use of the noninvasive entero-test in the detection of Helicobacter pylori in children in an endemic area in Colombia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a strong risk factor for gastric cancer, is highly prevalent in children residing in the Colombian Andes. We aimed to validate the use of the Entero-test to culture and genotype H pylori strains from asymptomatic Colombian children.


METHODS
Children (ages 10-15 years, n = 110, 80 of which were H pylori positive by the urea breath test [UBT]) were subjected to the Entero-test, and strings were cultured and/or used for DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These children had been treated for H pylori in 2007. A second population of children (ages 10-15 years, n = 95),which had not been previously treated, was also subjected to the Entero-test.


RESULTS
Of UBT-positive children in the treated group, 29 of 80 (36%) Entero-test samples were H pylori culture positive; 29 additional string extracts were tested by PCR for the H pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA. PCR from cultures and extracts yielded a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 87%. In the untreated group, 16 of 94 UBT-positive children (17%) produced Entero-tests that were culture positive. Fifty-eight of 94 (62%) string extracts were PCR positive for cagA and/or vacA. In previously treated children, H pylori strains were more often the less virulent vacA s2 (P = 0.001), m2 (P = 0.006), and i2 genotypes (P = 0.039).


CONCLUSIONS
The Entero-test may be used as a noninvasive test to detect H pylori in asymptomatic children residing in high-risk areas for gastric cancer. Treatment of H pylori in children was associated with less virulent genotypes.
Soft mask estimation for single channel speaker separation

The problem of single channel speaker separation, attempts to extract a speech signal uttered by the speaker of interest from a signal containing a mixture of auditory signals. Most algorithms that deal with this problem, are based on masking, where reliable components from the mixed signal spectrogram are inversed to obtain the speech signal from speaker of interest. As of now, most techniques, estimate this mask in a binary fashion, resulting in a hard mask. We present a technique to estimate a soft mask that weights the frequency sub-bands of the mixed signal. The speech signal can then be reconstructed from the estimated power spectrum of the speaker of interest. Experimental results shown in this paper, prove that the results are better than those obtained by estimating the hard mask.
The CanMEDS initiative: implementing an outcomes-based framework of physician competencies.

BACKGROUND
Outcomes-based education in the health professions has emerged as a priority for curriculum planners striving to align with societal needs. However, many struggle with effective methods of implementing such an approach. In this narrative, we describe the lessons learned from the implementation of a national, needs-based, outcome-oriented, competency framework called the CanMEDS initiative of The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.


METHODS
We developed a framework of physician competencies organized around seven physician "Roles": Medical Expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Manager, Health Advocate, Scholar, and Professional. A systematic implementation plan involved: the development of standards for curriculum and assessment, faculty development, educational research and resources, and outreach.


LESSONS LEARNED
Implementing this competency framework has resulted in successes, challenges, resistance to change, and a list of essential ingredients for outcomes-based medical education.


CONCLUSIONS
A multifaceted implementation strategy has enabled this large-scale curriculum change for outcomes-based education.
A Language Model Approach To Keyphrase Extraction

We present a new approach to extracting keyphrases based on statistical language models. Our approach is to use pointwise KL-divergence between multiple language models for scoring both phraseness and informativeness, which can be unified into a single score to rank extracted phrases.
Mutational and fitness landscapes of an RNA virus revealed through population sequencing

RNA viruses exist as genetically diverse populations. It is thought that diversity and genetic structure of viral populations determine the rapid adaptation observed in RNA viruses and hence their pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus evolution has been limited by the inability to accurately describe the genetic structure of virus populations. Next-generation sequencing technologies generate data of sufficient depth to characterize virus populations, but are limited in their utility because most variants are present at very low frequencies and are thus indistinguishable from next-generation sequencing errors. Here we present an approach that reduces next-generation sequencing errors and allows the description of virus populations with unprecedented accuracy. Using this approach, we define the mutation rates of poliovirus and uncover the mutation landscape of the population. Furthermore, by monitoring changes in variant frequencies on serially passaged populations, we determined fitness values for thousands of mutations across the viral genome. Mapping of these fitness values onto three-dimensional structures of viral proteins offers a powerful approach for exploring structure–function relationships and potentially uncovering new functions. To our knowledge, our study provides the first single-nucleotide fitness landscape of an evolving RNA virus and establishes a general experimental platform for studying the genetic changes underlying the evolution of virus populations.
Grouping Synonymous Sentences from a Parallel Corpus

Abstract Recently, natural language processing researches have focused on data or processing techniques for paraphrasing. Unfortunately, however, we have little data for paraphrasing. There are some research reports on collecting synonymous expressions with parallel corpus, though no suitable corpus for collecting a set of paraphrases is yet available. Therefore, we obtain a few variations of expression in paraphrase sets when we tried to apply this method with a parallel corpus. In this paper, we propose a grouping method based on the basic idea of grouping synonymous sentences related to the translation recursively, and decompose incorrect groups using the DMdecomposition algorithm. The incorrect groups include expressions that cannot be paraphrased because some words or expressions have different meanings in different situations. We discuss our method and experimental results with respect to BTEC, which is a multilingual parallel corpus.
Promoting the Self-Regulation of Clinical Reasoning Skills in Nursing Students

AIM
The purpose of this paper is to describe the research surrounding the theories and models the authors united to describe the essential components of clinical reasoning in nursing practice education. The research was conducted with nursing students in health care settings through the application of teaching and learning strategies with the Self-Regulated Learning Model (SRL) and the Outcome-Present-State-Test (OPT) Model of Reflective Clinical Reasoning. Standardized nursing languages provided the content and clinical vocabulary for the clinical reasoning task.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive study described the application of the OPT model of clinical reasoning, use of nursing language content, and reflective journals based on the SRL model with 66 undergraduate nursing students over an 8 month period of time. The study tested the idea that self-regulation of clinical reasoning skills can be developed using self-regulation theory and the OPT model.


RESULTS
This research supports a framework for effective teaching and learning methods to promote and document learner progress in mastering clinical reasoning skills. Self-regulated Learning strategies coupled with the OPT model suggest benefits of self-observation and self-monitoring during clinical reasoning activities, and pinpoints where guidance is needed for the development of cognitive and metacognitive awareness.


RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Thinking and reasoning about the complexities of patient care needs requires attention to the content, processes and outcomes that make a nursing care difference. These principles and concepts are valuable to clinical decision making for nurses globally as they deal with local, regional, national and international health care issues.
Magma in forearcs: implication for ophiolite generation

Abstract Forearc areas (“non-volcanic” arcs) of contemporary island arcs at convergent plate boundaries contain magmatic rocks. Geological evidence, seismic profiles, heat flow data, density considerations and petrological and geochemical arguments suggest that a forearc tholeiitic association (FAT) (containing high-Mg calc-alkaline andesites) is present in “non-volcanic” arcs at some stage of island-arc development. The fractionated, as well as primitive magma, is unable to penetrate low-density sediments and underplates thick piles of unconsolidated accreting rocks. The underplating causes upwelling. The occurrence of magma in forearcs provides an alternative interpretation for the tectonic setting of some ophiolitic masses. Rather than “ocean-ridge formation” and later “obduction” it offers an autochthonous (island-arc bound and geologically-substantiated) interpretation for the ophiolite suite.
Microleakage and bond strength of sealant to primary enamel comparing air abrasion and acid etch techniques.

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of air abrasion (KCP 2000), acid etching (37% phosphoric acid), and the combination of both procedures on the shear bond strength and microleakage of a light-cured pit-and-fissure sealant to the enamel of human primary molar teeth.


METHODS
Noncarious extracted human primary molars were randomly divided into 4 groups in preparation for enamel bonding. The enamel surface was treated as follows for each group: (1) group 1 (control group); (2) group 2 (acid etch group); (3) group 3 (KCP [Kinetic Cavity Preparation System] group); and (4) group 4 (KCP and acid etch group). Delton, a light-cured pit-and-fissure sealant, was then applied to the occlusal surface after conditioning. The bonded specimens were maintained in distilled water at 37 degrees C+/-2 degrees C for 7 days, after which they were subjected to thermocycling followed by shear bond testing. Microleakage was determined by immersing the prepared teeth in 50% silver nitrate dye followed by sectioning and calculation of dye penetration.


RESULTS
The mean shear bond strength of the KCP+acid etch group exhibited nearly 50% higher bond strength than the acid etch group (P<.01). In addition, specimens bonded to enamel conditioned only with acid etch exhibited bond strengths that were nearly twice that of those conditioned with the KCP system alone. No significant difference was noted between the air abrasion and control groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In primary teeth, air abrasion combined with acid etching appears to provide the best conditions for enamel treatment prior to sealant placement.