LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
How an uncertain cue modulates subsequent monetary outcome evaluation: An ERP study

People avert uncertain situations more than certain ones, and the neural correlates of such acts have gained increasing attention in past decade. However, the electrophysiological bases of how subjects respond to uncertain cues, and how such cues affect subsequent outcome evaluations have rarely been explored. In the present study, participants completed a gambling task while their neural activities were recorded through electroencephalography. The results indicated that subjects were sensitive to the uncertain cue as represented by feedback-related negativity (FRN). This uncertain cue further enhanced the neural response to outcome evaluation represented by P200, FRN, and P300 temporally. The enhanced P200 outcome may reflect the negative bias of the emotional reaction, which is a reflection of uncertain deviation at an early stage. The discrepancies of differentiated feedback-related negativity between uncertain and certain condition indicated increased motivation or prediction error toward the outcome. Finally, the increased P300 amplitude under uncertain outcome compared with certain one, as well as its sensitivity to the valence of the outcome under uncertain condition, embodies the increased arousal of the affective response. Therefore, uncertain cue effects observed in the current study suggest that uncertainty induces a larger motivational/affective and expectation response toward outcome revelation.
Efficient Semantic Communication via Compatible Beliefs

In previous works, Juba and Sudan [6] and Goldreich, Juba and Sudan [4] considered the idea of “semantic communication”, wherein two players, a user and a server, attempt to communicate with each other without any prior common language (or communication) protocol. They showed that if communication was goal-oriented and the user could sense progress towards the goal (or verify when it has been achieved), then meaningful communication is possible, in that the user’s goal can be achieved whenever the server is helpful. A principal criticism of their result has been that it is inefficient: in order to determine the “right” protocol to communicate with the server, the user enumerates protocols and tries them out with the server until it finds one that allows it to achieve its goal. They also show settings in which such enumeration is essentially the best possible solution. In this work we introduce definitions which allow for efficient behavior in practice. Roughly, we measure the performance of users and servers against their own “beliefs” about natural protocols. We show that if user and server are efficient with respect to their own beliefs and their beliefs are (even just slightly) compatible with each other, then they can achieve their goals very efficiently. We show that this model allows sufficiently “broad-minded” servers to talk with “exponentially” many different users in polynomial time, while dismissing the “counterexamples” in the previous work as being “narrow-minded,” or based on “incompatible beliefs.” ∗Portions of this work are presented in modified form in the first author’s Ph.D. thesis. [5, Chapter 4]. Research supported in part by NSF Awards CCF-0915155 and CCF-0939370.
Cost enforcement in the real-time specification for Java

Abstract
The Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) provides an integrated approach to scheduling periodic real-time threads and monitoring their CPU execution time. It defines a cost enforcement model whereby a periodic real-time thread is suspended when it consumes more CPU time (budget) than it requested in a single release. However, compliant implementations need not support this model, as the underlying operating systems mechanisms are not widely available. Consequently, experience with the model is limited (it is generally not provided in most implementations of the RTSJ). In previous work we showed, using model checking techniques, that the current version of the cost enforcement model can, under certain unlikely scenarios, allow a periodic thread more than its CPU budget in a single period. Such a behaviour can undermine any schedulability analysis that has been undertaken. In this paper, we present a revised formal model, which corrects this anomalous behaviour, and evaluate its properties. We also extend the formal model, so it allows support for real-time threads with sporadic and aperiodic releases, and show how our revised cost enforcement model is valid for all types of threads.
Semidirect composite onlay with cavity sealing: a review of clinical procedures.

UNLABELLED
The evolution in adhesive dentistry has broadened the indication of esthetic restorative procedures especially with the use of resin composite material. Depending on the clinical situation, some restorative techniques are best indicated. As an example, indirect adhesive restorations offer many advantages over direct techniques in extended cavities. In general, the indirect technique requires two appointments and a laboratory involvement, or it can be prepared chairside in a single visit either conventionally or by the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems. In both cases, there will be an extra cost as well as the need of specific materials. This paper describes the clinical procedures for the chairside semidirect technique for composite onlay fabrication without the use of special equipments. The use of this technique combines the advantages of the direct and the indirect restoration.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The semidirect technique for composite onlays offers the advantages of an indirect restoration and low cost, and can be the ideal treatment option for extended cavities in case of financial limitations.
No recurrence in otoplasty: is that possible?

INTRODUCTION
Otoplasty or correction of prominent ears, is one of most commonly performed surgeries in plastic surgery both in children and adults. Until nowadays, there have been more than 150 techniques described, but all with certain percentage of recurrence which varies from just a few up to 24.4%.


OBJECTIVE
The authors present an otoplasty technique, a combination of Mustardé's original procedure with other techniques, which they have been using successfully in their everyday surgical practice for the last 9 years. The technique is based on posterior antihelical and conchal approach.


METHODS
The study included 102 patients (60 males and 42 females) operated on between 1999 and 2008. The age varied between 6 and 49 years. Each procedure was tailored to the aberrant anatomy which was analysed after examination. Indications and the operative procedure are described in step-by-step detail accompanied by drawings and photos taken during the surgery.


RESULTS
All patients had bilateral ear deformity. In all cases was performed a posterior antihelical approach. The conchal reduction was done only when necessary and also through the same incision. The follow-up was from 1 to 5 years. There were no recurrent cases. A few minor complications were presented. Postoperative care, complications and advantages compared to other techniques are discussed extensively.


CONCLUSION
All patients showed a high satisfaction rate with the final result and there was no necessity for further surgeries. The technique described in this paper is easy to reproduce even for young surgeons.
The Influence of Feature Representation of Text on the Performance of Document Classification

In this paper we perform a comparative analysis of three models for feature representation of text documents in the context of document classification. In particular, we consider the most often used family of models bag-of-words, recently proposed continuous space models word2vec and doc2vec, and the model based on the representation of text documents as language networks. While the bag-of-word models have been extensively used for the document classification task, the performance of the other two models for the same task have not been well understood. This is especially true for the network-based model that have been rarely considered for representation of text documents for classification. In this study, we measure the performance of the document classifiers trained using the method of random forests for features generated the three models and their variants. The results of the empirical comparison show that the commonly used bag-of-words model has performance comparable to the one obtained by the emerging continuous-space model of doc2vec. In particular, the low-dimensional variants of doc2vec generating up to 75 features are among the top-performing document representation models. The results finally point out that doc2vec shows a superior performance in the tasks of classifying large Corresponding Author: Department of Informatics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, +385 51 584 714 Email addresses: smarti@uniri.hr (Sanda Martinčić-Ipšić), tanja.milicic@student.uniri.hr (Tanja Miličić), Todorovski@fu.uni-lj.si (Ljupčo Todorovski) Preprint submitted to ?? July 6, 2017 documents.
Serum total tryptase levels are increased in patients with active chronic urticaria.

BACKGROUND
We have demonstrated previously mast cell histamine release upon incubation with chronic urticaria (CU) sera, presumably by degranulation.


OBJECTIVE
To explore total and mature tryptase in order to assess whether any increase in total tryptase levels is due in part to mast cell degranulation or to mast cell burden. We also wanted to explore differences between the autoimmune groups called idiopathic (serum unable to activate basophils), and to correlate total and mature tryptase levels with different urticaria features.


METHODS
We measured total and mature tryptase serum levels in 81 CU patients, 16 atopic donors and 21 healthy control sera. We assessed autoimmunity by measuring the CD63 expression in normal basophil donors upon incubation with CU sera.


RESULTS
We found significantly higher levels of total tryptase in the sera of CU patients (6.6 ±4.1 μg/L) than in sera from healthy non-atopic subjects (4.4 ±2.8 μg/L) and from atopic subjects (4.5 ±1.7 μg/L). Mature tryptase levels were undetectable (<1 ng/mL). Total tryptase levels in the autoimmune urticaria group were significantly higher (9.8 ±5.4 μg/L) than the idiopathic urticaria group (4.4 ±2.2 μg/L). A significant difference in total tryptase was found between symptomatic patients (7.3 ±4.1 μg/L) compared with asymptomatic ones (5.7 ±4.1 μg/L) at the time of venesection. No difference was found in mature tryptase levels either.


CONCLUSION
Total elevated tryptase levels are not accompanied by an elevated mature tryptase levels, as might be expected if the serum levels reflected mast cell degranulation.
NONLINEAR TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF STOCK VOLATILITIES

The absolute value of the mean-corrected excess return is used in this paper to measure the volatility of stock returns. We apply various nonlinearity tests available in the literature to show that such volatility series are strongly nonlinear. We then explore the use of threshold autoregressive (TAR) models in describing monthly volatility series. The models built suggest that the volatility series exhibit significant lower-order serial correlations when the volatility is large, indicating certain volatility clustering in stock returns. Out-of-sample forecasts are used to compare the TAR models with linear ARMA models and nonlinear GARCH and EGARCH models. Based on mean squared error and average absolute deviation, the comparisons show that (a) the TAR models consistently outperform the linear ARMA models in multi-step ahead forecasts for large stocks, (b) the TAR models provide better forecasts than the GARCH and EGARCH models also for the volatilities of large stock returns, and (c) the EGARCH model gives the best long-horizon volatility forecasts for small stock returns.
NoSQL evaluation: A use case oriented survey

Motivated by requirements of Web 2.0 applications, a plethora of non-relational databases raised in recent years. Since it is very difficult to choose a suitable database for a specific use case, this paper evaluates the underlying techniques of NoSQL databases considering their applicability for certain requirements. These systems are compared by their data models, query possibilities, concurrency controls, partitioning and replication opportunities.
Immune and Stromal Classification of Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Molecular Subtypes and Relevant for Precision Immunotherapy.

PURPOSE
The tumor microenvironment is formed by many distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition may predict patients' prognosis and response to therapies. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which immune classifications and four consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) have been described. Our aim was to integrate the composition of the tumor microenvironment with the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We retrospectively analyzed the composition and the functional orientation of the immune, fibroblastic, and angiogenic microenvironment of 1,388 colorectal cancer tumors from three independent cohorts using transcriptomics. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
We report that colorectal cancer molecular subgroups and microenvironmental signatures are highly correlated. Out of the four molecular subgroups, two highly express immune-specific genes. The good-prognosis microsatellite instable-enriched subgroup (CMS1) is characterized by overexpression of genes specific to cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast, the poor-prognosis mesenchymal subgroup (CMS4) expresses markers of lymphocytes and of cells of monocytic origin. The mesenchymal subgroup also displays an angiogenic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive signature, a coordinated pattern that we also found in breast (n = 254), ovarian (n = 97), lung (n = 80), and kidney (n = 143) cancers. Pathologic examination revealed that the mesenchymal subtype is characterized by a high density of fibroblasts that likely produce the chemokines and cytokines that favor tumor-associated inflammation and support angiogenesis, resulting in a poor prognosis. In contrast, the canonical (CMS2) and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes with intermediate prognosis exhibit low immune and inflammatory signatures.


CONCLUSIONS
The distinct immune orientations of the colorectal cancer molecular subtypes pave the way for tailored immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4057-66. ©2016 AACR.
Perceived control and emotions: interactive effects on performance in achievement settings

Individual differences in cognitions and emotions play a critical role in difficult academic situations, such as the transition into college, a period infused with uncertainty. Perceived academic control (low vs. high) and emotions (course boredom, anxiety, and enjoyment) were examined to determine how they jointly predicted 620 first-year students’ achievement and attrition over an entire academic year. It was expected that students’ emotions would moderate the effects of high perceived control on achievement (final psychology grade, cumulative GPA) and attrition (overall course credits dropped). Regression results revealed several Perceived Control×Emotion interactions that supported this moderation hypothesis: negative emotions impeded the benefits of high control (i.e., boredom and anxiety predicted worse performance in high-control students); positive emotions enhanced the benefits of high control (i.e., enjoyment predicted better performance in high-control students). Conversely, achievement emotions did not predict performance among low-control students. Together, these findings indicate that for a high level of perceived control to enhance students’ academic achievement and inhibit attrition, “adaptive” levels of emotions (lower boredom, lower anxiety, or higher enjoyment) are required. Implications for maximizing academic success among both lowand high-control students are discussed.
Low back pain in diabetes mellitus and importance of preventive approach.

BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal pain is known to be a common problem in diabetic patients. In spite of this fact, there is little information about epidemiology aspect of Low Back Pain (LBP) and necessity of taking preventive approach in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LBP in diabetic patients and its comparison with non-diabetic subjects.


METHODS
Low back pain frequency was examined among 317 diabetic patients referred to endocrine clinic, Sina Hospital, Tabriz city, Iran during 3 months interval. The control group included 100 participants who were parents of students of Tabriz University. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire including Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Face Pain Scale (FPS).


RESULT
Of the 317 diabetic patients, 63.4% (201) reported LBP while in non-diabetic group was 47% (47).The average functional disability in diabetic group was 9 while in control group was 7. Inter-correlation between low back pain intensity scale and functional disability were significant (r=0.52, P<0.01).


DISCUSSION
Low back pain is a common problem in diabetic patients in terms of intensity, frequency and functional level of disability.
Influence of E-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

INTRODUCTION
Over the last years, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have become more popular, particularly in individuals who want to give up smoking tobacco. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the different e-smoking liquids on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.


METHOD AND MATERIALS
For this study six test solutions with components from ECs were selected: lime-, hazelnut- and menthol-flavored liquids, nicotine, propylene glycol, and PBS as control group. The fibroblasts were incubated up to 96 h with the different liquids, and cell viability was measured by using the PrestoBlue® reagent, the ATP detection and the migration assay. Fluorescence staining was carried out to visualize cell growth and morphology. Data were statistically analyzed by two-tailed one-way ANOVA.


RESULTS
The cell viability assay showed that the proliferation rates of the cells incubated with nicotine or the various flavored liquids of the e-cigarettes were reduced in comparison to the controls, though not all reductions were statistically significant. After an incubation of 96 h with the menthol-flavored liquid the fibroblasts were statistically significant reduced (p < 0.001). Similar results were found for the detection of ATP in fibroblasts; the incubation with menthol-flavored liquids (p < 0.001) led to a statistically significant reduction. The cell visualization tests confirmed these findings.


CONCLUSION
Within its limits, the present in vitro study demonstrated that menthol additives of e-smoking have a harmful effect on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. This might indicate that menthol additives should be avoided for e-cigarettes.
Multimedia article. The arthroscopic management of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears: a systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE
There is currently limited information available in the orthopaedic surgery literature regarding the appropriate management of symptomatic partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.


METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of all published literature pertaining to the arthroscopic management of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Inclusion criteria were all studies that reported clinical outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of both articular-sided and bursal-sided lesions using a validated outcome scoring system and a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Data abstracted from the selected studies included tear type and location (articular v bursal sided), treatment approach, postoperative rehabilitation protocol, outcome scores, patient satisfaction, and postoperative imaging results.


RESULTS
Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for the final analysis. Seven of the studies treated partial-thickness rotator cuff tears with debridement with or without an associated subacromial decompression, 3 performed a takedown and repair, 5 used a transtendon repair technique, and 1 used a transosseous repair method. Among the 16 studies reviewed, excellent postoperative outcomes were reported in 28.7% to 93% of patients treated. In all 12 studies with available preoperative baseline data, treatment resulted in significant improvement in shoulder symptoms and function. For high-grade lesions, the data support arthroscopic takedown and repair, transtendon repairs, and transosseous repairs, with all 3 techniques providing a high percentage of excellent results. Debridement of partial-thickness tears of less than 50% of the tendon's thickness with or without a concomitant acromioplasty also results in good to excellent surgical outcomes; however, a 6.5% to 34.6% incidence of progression to full-thickness tears is present.


CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review of 16 clinical studies showed that significant variation is present in the results obtained after the arthroscopic management of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. What can be supported by the available data is that tears that involve less than 50% of the tendon can be treated with good results by debridement of the tendon with or without a formal acromioplasty, although subsequent tear progression may occur. When the tear is greater than 50%, surgical intervention focusing on repair has been successful. There is no evidence to suggest a differential in outcome for tear completion and repair versus transtendon repair of these lesions because both methods have been shown to result in favorable outcomes.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
Comparison of the PHQ-9 and CES-D depression scales in systemic sclerosis: internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and clinical correlates.

OBJECTIVE
The reported rates of depressive symptoms in patients with SSc are high. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is the only measure of depressive symptoms validated for SSc patients. The objective of this study was to assess the internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and strength of association with clinical correlates of the 9-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9) compared with the CES-D in SSc.


METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre study of 566 SSc patients who were assessed with the PHQ-9 and CES-D scales, and through clinical histories and medical examinations. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha, convergent validity with Pearson's correlation and the relationship of socio-demographic and clinical variables with the PHQ-9 and CES-D scores using multiple linear regression.


RESULTS
Scale reliability was good for the PHQ-9 (alpha = 0.87) and similar to the CES-D (alpha = 0.90). Correlations of the PHQ-9 total score were -0.68 with mental health, -0.43 with physical health, 0.44 with disability, 0.40 with pain and 0.79 with fatigue, which were all in the expected direction and similar to the results with the CES-D. Regression coefficients of clinical correlates did not differ significantly between models using the PHQ-9 and CES-D.


CONCLUSION
The PHQ-9 is reliable and valid for use as a measure of depressive symptom severity in patients with SSc and performs similarly to the CES-D. However, the PHQ-9 is advantageous because it is half the length of the CES-D, easily administered and scored, and is increasingly used across many patient groups for assessment in research and clinical settings.