LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of a multimedia intervention "Skinsafe" on patients' knowledge and protective behaviors.

BACKGROUND
Rates of malignant melanoma are rising, with those people with sun-sensitive skin most at risk. Health education interventions are needed to help people protect themselves by detecting early signs of melanoma and by protecting their skin from sunburn. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an interactive multimedia intervention "Skinsafe" on patients' knowledge about melanoma and on their skin protective behaviors.


METHODS
In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial conducted in Nottinghamshire, UK, doctors and nurses in 5 family practices prescribed Skinsafe to patients with higher risk skin characteristics. Measures of melanoma knowledge, perceived risk of melanoma and reported skin protective behaviors were obtained at baseline and at 6-month follow-up from 259 patients receiving the intervention and 330 patients with higher risk skin characteristics in 5 matched control practices.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Participants had low levels of melanoma knowledge at baseline. At follow-up, the intervention group had higher knowledge scores than control (3.71 vs. 3.03, P < or = 0.001), reported more protective skin behaviors (5.36 vs. 5.06, P = 0.007) and were more likely to report mole checking (odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.70, P = 0.035). The Skinsafe intervention was evaluated positively by patients and could be used to support melanoma health education within clinical settings.
GENERALIZED QCD2 VIA THE BILOCAL METHOD

We use the bilocal method to derive the large N solution of the most general QCD2. E-mail PESANDO@NBIVAX.NBI.DK, 22105::PESANDO, 31890::I PESANDO. Work supported by the EU grant ERB4001GT930141.
The real-world dose-relativity of sevelamer hydrochloride and lanthanum carbonate monotherapy in patients with end-stage renal disease.

INTRODUCTION
Sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) and lanthanum carbonate (LC) are calcium-free phosphate binders used for the management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the real-world dose-relativity between SH and LC monotherapy in US patients with ESRD.


METHODS
This was a post hoc analysis of a 16-week, real-world study (Vemuri et al. in BMC Nephrol 12:49, 2011) of the efficacy of conversion to LC monotherapy from other phosphate binders. The SH:LC dose-relativity ratio, based on the mean daily dose, was calculated in the subset of patients from the Vemuri study who converted from SH to LC monotherapy and had available SH and LC dose data.


RESULTS
A total of 950 patients converted from SH to LC monotherapy and had recorded dose data. The post hoc analysis population comprised 691 patients with available dose data for both SH at baseline and LC at week 16. The mean (SD) serum phosphate level at baseline was 5.91 (1.66) mg/dL. After conversion to LC monotherapy for 16 weeks, the mean (SD) serum phosphate level was 5.93 (1.85) mg/dL. The mean (SD) daily baseline SH dose was 7,703 (3,642) mg and the mean (SD) daily LC dose at week 16 was 2,800 (939) mg (9.6 versus 2.8 tablets, respectively; P < 0.0001), resulting in a SH:LC dose-relativity ratio of 2.8. The median individual patient SH:LC dose-relativity ratio was 2.6 (95% CI 2.6-2.8). Across baseline SH dose subgroups (2,400-4,800, >4,800-7,200, >7,200-9,600, and >9,600 mg/day), the mean daily SH dose was 4,051, 7,047, 9,253, and 13,150 mg, respectively. In comparison, the mean daily LC dose was 2,445-3,156 mg. Thus, patients requiring baseline SH doses >7,200 mg/day (41% of the analysis population) had higher SH:LC dose-relativity ratios of 3.1-4.2 (median individual patient ratios 3.1-4.0).


CONCLUSION
In this post hoc analysis of real-world dose-relativity, the overall SH:LC dose-relativity ratio was 2.8 (median individual patient ratio 2.6 (95% CI 2.6-2.8). These findings are consistent with the World Health Organization-defined daily dose and previous studies of the relative phosphate binding capacity of the two drugs. Patients requiring SH doses >7,200 mg/day had higher SH:LC dose-relativities of 3.1-4.2 (median individual patient ratios 3.1-4.0). These findings have implications for the tablet burden and cost-effectiveness of SH and LC in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia.
MMORPG Escapism Predicts Decreased Well-Being: Examination of Gaming Time, Game Realism Beliefs, and Online Social Support for Offline Problems

Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) escapists are individuals who indulge in the MMORPG environment to avoid real world problems. Though a relationship between escapism and deteriorated well-being has been established, little is known about particular pathways that mediate this relationship. In the current study, we examined this topic by testing an integrative model of MMORPG escapism, which includes game realism beliefs, gaming time, offline social support, and online social support for offline problems. MMORPG players (N=1,056) completed measures of escapist motivation, game realism beliefs, social support, well-being, and reported gaming time. The tested structural equation model had a good fit to the data. We found that individuals with escapist motivation endorsed stronger game realism beliefs and spent more time playing MMORPGs, which, in turn, increased online support but decreased offline social support. Well-being was favorably affected by both online and offline social support, although offline social support had a stronger effect. The higher availability of online social support for offline problems did not compensate for the lower availability of offline support among MMORPG escapists. Understanding the psychological factors related to depletion of social resources in MMORPG players can help optimize MMORPGs as leisure activities.
Exclusion of pregnant women from industry-sponsored clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE
The lack of human data available to inform evidence-based treatment for illness during pregnancy has led to calls for greater inclusion of pregnant women in research, but the extent of their current representation is poorly characterized. Our objective was to measure the current exclusion of pregnant women from industry-sponsored clinical trials as a baseline for future comparison.


METHODS
We compiled data from studies enrolling women of childbearing potential posted on www.ClinicalTrials.gov between 1 October 2011 and 31 January 2012. The review was limited to open United States-based phase IV interventional studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry evaluating treatment of conditions that may be experienced by but are not limited to pregnant women and did not involve a medication classified as potentially teratogenic. If there was no mention of pregnancy in the inclusion or exclusion criteria, we contacted a study representative to confirm that pregnant women could be enrolled.


RESULTS
Of 558 qualifying industry-sponsored studies, five (1%) were designed specifically for pregnant women. Of 367 phase IV clinical trials with verified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 348 (95%) excluded pregnant women and 19 (5%) did not.


CONCLUSION
We found the exclusion of pregnant women from industry-sponsored clinical trials to be common practice. Moving beyond reflexive exclusion and developing thoughtful criteria for inclusion of pregnant women in clinical research would likely advance the evidence base to inform treatment decisions during pregnancy and lead to better health outcomes for women and children.
A Fundamental Investigation of the Formation and Properties of Electrospun Fibers

and Objectives: The goal of this project is development of the fundamental engineering science and technology of electrostatic fiber production, or “electrospinning”. Electrospinning offers unique capabilities for producing novel synthetic fibers of unusually small diameter and good mechanical performance (“nanofibers”), and fabrics with controllable pore structure and high surface area. Over the course of this project, we aim to: 1. Design and construct electrospinning equipment for controllable and reproducible electrospinning. 2. Clarify the fundamental electrohydrodynamics of the electrospinning operation and connection to polymer solution or melt characteristics. 3. Evaluate the source and role of fluid instabilities postulated to be crucial for producing ultrafine diameter fibers. 4. Characterize the morphology and material properties of polymer fibers produced by electrospinning. 5. Develop techniques for generating oriented fibers and yarns by the electrospinning process. 6. Improve productivity of the electrospinning process.
Big Data Analytics for Security

Big data is changing the landscape of security tools for network monitoring, security information and event management, and forensics; however, in the eternal arms race of attack and defense, security researchers must keep exploring novel ways to mitigate and contain sophisticated attackers.
Diabetes and femoral neck strength: findings from the Hip Strength Across the Menopausal Transition Study.

CONTEXT
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased hip fracture risk, despite being associated with higher bone mineral density in the femoral neck.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that composite indices of femoral neck strength, which integrate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry derived femoral neck size, femoral neck areal bone mineral density, and body size and are inversely associated with hip fracture risk, would be lower in diabetics than in nondiabetics and be inversely related to insulin resistance, the primary pathology in type 2 diabetes.


DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional analysis.


SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
The study consisted of a multisite, multiethnic, community-dwelling sample of 1887 women in pre- or early perimenopause.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Composite indices for femoral neck strength in different failure modes (axial compression, bending, and impact) were measured.


RESULTS
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, menopausal stage, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and study site, diabetic women had higher femoral neck areal bone mineral density [+0.25 sd, 95% confidence interval (CI) (+0.06, +0.44) sd] but lower composite strength indices [-0.20 sd, 95% CI (-0.38, -0.03) sd for compression, -0.19 sd, 95% CI (-0.38, -0.003) sd for bending, -0.19 sd, 95% CI (-0.37, -0.02) sd for impact] than nondiabetic women. There were graded inverse relationships between homeostasis model-assessed insulin resistance and all three strength indices, adjusted for the same covariates.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite having higher bone density, diabetic women have lower indices of femoral neck strength relative to load, consistent with their documented higher fracture risk. Insulin resistance appears to play an important role in bone strength reduction in diabetes.
A randomized trial of modafinil for the treatment of fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND
This study examines the efficacy of modafinil in treating fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).


METHODS
A single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, where 53 participants with TBI were randomly assigned to receive up to 400 mg of modafinil, or equal number of inactive placebo tablets. Main eligibility criteria were being at least 1 year post-TBI severe enough to require inpatient rehabilitation. The primary outcome measures were fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS).


RESULTS
After adjusting for baseline scores and period effects, there were no statistically significant differences between improvements seen with modafinil and placebo in the FSS at week 4 (-0.5 +/- 1.88; P = .80) or week 10 (-1.4 +/- 2.75; P = .61). For ESS, average changes were significantly greater with modafinil than placebo at week 4 (-1.2 +/- 0.49; P = .02) but not at week 10 (-0.5 +/- 0.87; P = .56). Modafinil was safe and well tolerated, although insomnia was reported significantly more often with modafinil than placebo (P = .03).


CONCLUSIONS
While there were sporadic statistically significant differences identified, a clear beneficial pattern from modafinil was not seen at either week 4 or week 10 for any of the 12 outcomes. There was no consistent and persistent clinically significant difference between treatment with modafinil and placebo.
Stem hydraulic traits and leaf water-stress tolerance are co-ordinated with the leaf phenology of angiosperm trees in an Asian tropical dry karst forest.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The co-occurring of evergreen and deciduous angiosperm trees in Asian tropical dry forests on karst substrates suggests the existence of different water-use strategies among species. In this study it is hypothesized that the co-occurring evergreen and deciduous trees differ in stem hydraulic traits and leaf water relationships, and there will be correlated evolution in drought tolerance between leaves and stems.


METHODS
A comparison was made of stem hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability curves, wood anatomy, leaf life span, leaf pressure-volume characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of six evergreen and six deciduous tree species co-occurring in a tropical dry karst forest in south-west China. The correlated evolution of leaf and stem traits was examined using both traditional and phylogenetic independent contrasts correlations.


KEY RESULTS
It was found that the deciduous trees had higher stem hydraulic efficiency, greater hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (D(h)) and higher mass-based photosynthetic rate (A(m)); while the evergreen species had greater xylem-cavitation resistance, lower leaf turgor-loss point water potential (π(0)) and higher bulk modulus of elasticity. There were evolutionary correlations between leaf life span and stem hydraulic efficiency, A(m), and dry season π(0). Xylem-cavitation resistance was evolutionarily correlated with stem hydraulic efficiency, D(h), as well as dry season π(0). Both wood density and leaf density were closely correlated with leaf water-stress tolerance and A(m).


CONCLUSIONS
The results reveal the clear distinctions in stem hydraulic traits and leaf water-stress tolerance between the co-occurring evergreen and deciduous angiosperm trees in an Asian dry karst forest. A novel pattern was demonstrated linking leaf longevity with stem hydraulic efficiency and leaf water-stress tolerance. The results show the correlated evolution in drought tolerance between stems and leaves.
Drug susceptibility and resistance mutations after first-line failure in resource limited settings.

BACKGROUND
The development of drug resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has been associated with baseline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA level (VL), CD4 cell counts (CD4), subtype, and treatment failure duration. This study describes drug resistance and levels of susceptibility after first-line virologic failure in individuals from Thailand, South Africa, India, Malawi, Tanzania.


METHODS
CD4 and VL were captured at AIDs Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) A5230 study entry, a study of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy after first-line virologic failure on an NNRTI regimen. HIV drug-resistance mutation associations with subtype, site, study entry VL, and CD4 were evaluated using Fisher exact and Kruskall-Wallis tests.


RESULTS
Of the 207 individuals who were screened for A5230, sequence data were available for 148 individuals. Subtypes observed: subtype C (n = 97, 66%) AE (n = 27, 18%), A1 (n = 12, 8%), and D (n = 10, 7%). Of the 148 individuals, 93% (n = 138) and 96% (n = 142) had at least 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation associated with NRTI and NNRTI resistance, respectively. The number of NRTI mutations was significantly associated with a higher study screening VL and lower study screening CD4 (P < .001). Differences in drug-resistance patterns in both NRTI and NNRTI were observed by site.


CONCLUSIONS
The degree of NNRTI and NRTI resistance after first-line virologic failure was associated with higher VL at study entry. Thirty-two percent of individuals remained fully susceptible to etravirine and rilpivirine, protease inhibitor resistance was rare. Some level of susceptibility to NRTI remained; however, VL monitoring and earlier virologic failure detection may result in lower NRTI resistance.
A Time Series Analysis of the Shanghai and New York Stock Price Indices

A time series analysis of the Shanghai and New York Stock Exchange composite price indices is provided to compare the weekly rates of return and volatilities of these two markets and to study their co-movement in 1992-2002. The rate of return and volatility of the Shanghai market were higher. The rates of returns in the two markets were approximately serially uncorrelated and mutually uncorrelated. Volatility, as measured by the absolute change in the rate of return, has positive serially correlations in both markets as expected, but the autoregressions are temporarily unstable. Most surprisingly the volatility measures of the two markets are significantly negatively correlated. Volatility in each market was found to Granger cause volatility in the other market negatively. This spurious correlation is explained by the negative correlations of macroeconomic fundamentals in the United States and China as indicated by a negative correlation between the rates of change in their GDP while their capital markets are not integrated. The analysis has implications for the use of autoregressions and Granger causality tests, and the interpretation of spurious correlation.
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy Combined With Physical Therapy in Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the treatment effectiveness of the combination of manual therapy (MT) with other physical therapy techniques.


METHODS
Systematic searches of scientific literature were undertaken on PubMed and the Cochrane Library (2004-2014). The following terms were used: "patellofemoral pain syndrome," "physical therapy," "manual therapy," and "manipulation." RCTs that studied adults diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) treated by MT and physical therapy approaches were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Jadad Scale.


RESULTS
Five RCTs with an acceptable methodological quality (Jadad ≥ 3) were selected. The studies indicated that MT combined with physical therapy has some effect on reducing pain and improving function in PFPS, especially when applied on the full kinetic chain and when strengthening hip and knee muscles.


CONCLUSIONS
The different combinations of MT and physical therapy programs analyzed in this review suggest that giving more emphasis to proximal stabilization and full kinetic chain treatments in PFPS will help better alleviation of symptoms.
Compact Stepped Monopole ACS-Fed Antenna for Tri-Band Applications

A compact planar triple-band stepped monopole antenna is presented. This asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed structure with single lateral ground plane is used to reduce the oversize of antenna, a single stepped monopole is designed to realize dual band frequencies operating, a Γ-shaped trip connecting the signal trip with the ground plane offers a more flexible and stronger coupling, an I-shaped stub inverted to the ground is employed to turn the impedance matching effectively, then a snake-shaped slot inserting on the ground plane is applied to launch a new frequency. The proposed antenna, with a very compact size of 21.65×12 mm2, generates three desired resonant frequencies at about 2.4 (2.38-2.51), 3.5 (3.31- 3.58), 5.4 (5.14-5.65) GHz for WLAN and WiMAX applications. This antenna presents high bands isolation and good pass-band performance.
Vocal buffering of the stress response: exposure to conspecific vocalizations moderates urinary cortisol excretion in isolated marmosets

For many species, the presence of a significant social partner can lessen the behavioral and physiological responses to stressful stimuli. This study examined whether a single, individually specific, signature vocalization (phee call) could attenuate the physiological stress response that is induced in marmosets by housing them in short-term social isolation. Utilizing a repeated-measures design, adult marmosets (n=10) were temporarily isolated from their long-term pair mate and exposed to three conditions: signature vocalizations from the pair mate, phee calls from an unfamiliar opposite sex individual, or no auditory stimuli. Levels of urinary cortisol were monitored as a physiological indicator of the stress response. Urinary cortisol levels were also monitored, while subjects remained undisturbed in their home cages to provide baseline levels. Temporarily isolated marmosets showed significantly higher levels of urinary cortisol than undisturbed marmosets. However, the nature of the acoustic stimulus experienced during isolation led to differences in the excretion of urinary cortisol. Isolated marmosets exposed to a familiar pair mate's vocalization showed significantly lower levels of urinary cortisol than when exposed to unfamiliar marmoset vocalizations (P <0.04) or to no auditory stimuli (P <0.03). Neither the duration of pairing nor the quality of relationship in the pair (indexed by spatial proximity scores) predicted the magnitude of reduction in cortisol in the familiar vocalization condition. The results presented here provide the first evidence that a single, individually specific communication signal can decrease the magnitude of a physiological stress response in a manner analogous to the physical presence of a social partner, a process we term "vocal buffering."