LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Selecting learning tasks : Effects of adaptation and shared control on learning efficiency and task involvement

Complex skill acquisition by performing authentic learning tasks is constrained by limited working memory capacity (Baddeley, 1992). To prevent cognitive overload, task difficulty and support of each newly selected learning task can be adapted to the learner’s competence level and perceived task load, either by some external agent, the learner herself, or both. Health sciences students (N = 55) participated in a study using a 2x2 factorial design with the factors adaptation (present or absent) and control over task selection (program control or shared control). As hypothesized, adaptation led to more efficient learning; that is, higher learning outcomes combined with less effort invested in performing the learning tasks. Shared control over task selection led to higher task involvement, that is, higher learning outcomes combined with more effort directly invested in learning. Adaptation also produced greater task involvement.
A naturalistic comparison study of the efficacy and safety of intramuscular olanzapine, intramuscular haloperidol, and intramuscular levomepromazine in acute agitated patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE
This study was a comparative investigation of the clinical efficacy and safety of intramuscular (IM) olanzapine, IM haloperidol, and IM levomepromazine in acute agitated patients with schizophrenia.


METHODS
The subjects were 122 inpatients. Their clinical symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC), PANSS, and Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale, and their safety were assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), and Drug-induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS).


RESULTS
The mean changes from baseline on the PANSS-EC, Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, BARS, and DIEPSS scores were significantly better in both IM olanzapine and IM levomepromazine than in IM haloperidol. Of these, the mean changes from baseline on the BARS and DIEPSS scores were significantly better in IM olanzapine than in IM levomepromazine. The mean change from baseline on the PANSS positive score was significantly better in both IM olanzapine and IM haloperidol than in IM levomepromazine.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest the possibility that the anti-agitation effects of IM olanzapine and IM levomepromazine are more rapid than those of IM haloperidol. No worsening of EPS was observed. Our results also suggest that compared with IM levomepromazine, IM olanzapine is safer and affords greater improvement in symptoms.
12.1 A 0.518mm2 quasi-current-mode hysteretic buck DC-DC converter with 3μs load transient response in 0.35μm BCDMOS

As more features have been added to mobile devices, it has become necessary to integrate more DC-DC converters into the power-management IC. Consequently, there is a growing need for an area-efficient and simple controller design for DC-DC converters. A simple hysteretic control without any additional component for compensation is a very attractive solution because it is not only cost-effective, but also immediately responds to load change. However, a conventional current-mode hysteretic controller with low-ESR output capacitor, shown in Fig. 12.1.1, has an inherent trade-off between transient response and RC network time constant for emulating inductor current [1]. For instance, at a switching frequency less than several MHz, which is widely used in industry, the RC network occupies a relatively large die area because the capacitance CSEN of the network can be up to 100pF at a switching frequency of 1 MHz. Another issue with the hysteretic converter is its variable switching frequency, which leads to difficulty in designing an EMI filter [2]. To overcome these limitations, several state-of-the-art hysteretic converters have been reported that provide fast transient response and fixed switching frequency [2-5]. However, they suffer from noise due to the differentiator for amplifying ripple voltage [2], or need a large external or internal capacitor [3, 4], or generate high switching loss in the converter [5]. In this paper, we present an area-efficient quasi-current-mode hysteretic buck converter with fixed switching frequency. By employing a quasi inductor current emulator (QICE) with reset operation, the controller only uses a total internal capacitance of 3pF and provides fast transient response.
Evidence and Forensics in the Cloud: Challenges and Future Research Directions

Digital investigation in the cloud is challenging, but there's also opportunities for innovations in digital forensic solutions (such as remote forensic collection of evidential data from cloud servers client devices and the underlying supporting infrastructure such as distributed file systems). This column describes the challenges and opportunities in cloud forensics.
Robust statistics for outlier detection

When analyzing data, outlying observations cause problems because they may strongly influence the result. Robust statistics aims at detecting the outliers by searching for the model fitted by the majority of the data. We present an overview of several robust methods and outlier detection tools. We discuss robust procedures for univariate, low-dimensional, and high-dimensional data such as estimation of location and scatter, linear regression, principal component analysis, and classification. C © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 73–79 DOI: 10.1002/widm.2
Medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are associated with mild cognitive deficits in non-disabled elderly people: the LADIS study.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the associations of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with cognitive function in a large group of independently functioning elderly people.


METHODS
Data were drawn from the multicentre, multinational leukoaraiosis and disability (LADIS) project which is studying prospectively the role of WMH as an independent predictor of the transition to disability in non-disabled elderly people. In all, 639 participants were enrolled in the LADIS study. For the present analysis, data on 581 subjects were available. Cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Visual ratings of WMH and MTA were undertaken on magnetic resonance images (MRI).


RESULTS
The presence of either severe WMH or MTA was associated with a modest but non-significant increase in frequency of mild cognitive deficits (severe WMH: odds ratio (OR) = 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0 to 3.7); MTA present: OR = 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.8)). However, subjects with the combination of MTA and severe WMH had a more than fourfold increase in frequency of mild cognitive deficits (OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 2.3 to 7.4)). Analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni t tests showed that subjects with both MTA and severe WMH performed worse on MMSE than those with either no MRI abnormality or a single MRI abnormality (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
These results provide further evidence for the combined involvement of both Alzheimer type pathology and vascular pathology in the earliest stages of cognitive decline and suggest an additive effect of WMH and MTA.
Neural network time series forecasting of finite-element mesh adaptation

Basic learning algorithms and the neural network model are applied to the problem of mesh adaptation for the finite-element method for solving time-dependent partial differential equations. Time series prediction via the neural network methodology is used to predict the areas of ‘‘interest’’ in order to obtain an effective mesh refinement at the appropriate times. This allows for increased numerical accuracy with the same computational resources as compared with more ‘‘traditional’’ methods. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Lithium overcomes the influence of 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism on antidepressant response to sleep deprivation.

To the Editors: Several recent studies have shown that mixed or depressive episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder can be successfully treated with atypical antipsychotic monotherapy. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown efficacy for quetiapine in bipolar depression and for aripiprazole, risperidone, and ziprasidone in bipolar mixed episodes. However, a major concern is that, in some patients, certain atypical antipsychotic agents have been associated with metabolic adverse events, such as weight gain, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Guidelines from the Consensus Development Conference on Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes recommend monitoring such patients closely or selecting a lower-risk agent. Among these agents, ziprasidone is known to have little or no adverse effect on body weight or metabolic parameters. Furthermore, the receptor profile of ziprasidone is predictive of antidepressant activity (it is a potent agonist at 5HT1A receptors and a modest inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in vitro), although a controlled clinical trial of the drug in the treatment of bipolar depression has not yet been published. In our clinic, we have successfully used ziprasidone monotherapy to treat adult patients with bipolar I disorder who presented with mixed or depressive episodes. These patients were treatment refractory and, as such, received high doses of ziprasidone. None were considered at risk for cardiac arrhythmias, so electrocardiographic monitoring was not used. Moreover, the use of highdose ziprasidone without corrected QT interval abnormalities has been documented. The patients had also gained substantial amounts of weight on their prior (ineffective) therapies. We have observed marked clinical improvement, and substantial weight loss, with the ziprasidone treatment, presumably a reversal of medication-associated weight gain from the prior agents. We review the case reports of 4 of these patients here. In each case, ziprasidone was initially added to the patients’ existing regimen, and then the dose was titrated upward as clinically indicated. Ziprasidone was dosed twice daily with food. The goal was to taper or discontinue some or all of the ineffective medications, consistent with achieving and maintaining the best clinical outcome. Outcome measures were the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI-S) scale. All 4 patients achieved full remission, defined as a normalization of scores on the YMRS and the BDI-II. The meanCGI-S score dropped from 5.8 at the index visit to 1.3 at the last recorded visit (mean follow-up period, 5.8 months). Weight loss ranged from 16 to 66 lb.
Fuzzy Bi-Ideals in Ternary Semigroups

The prime fuzzy bi-ideals of semigroups are introdu ced by Shabir, Jun and Bano. They characterized those semigroups for which each fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime and also characterized those semigroups for which e a fuzzy bi-ideal is strongly prime. In this paper, we prove some properties of fuzzy bi -ideals in ternary semigroups and the relation between fuzzy quasi ideals and fuzzy biideals is considered.
Restoration of mannose-binding lectin complement activity is associated with improved outcome in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and intravenous ω-3 fish oil.

BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor clinical outcome. Surrogate biomarkers for outcome are scarce. There is mixed evidence for the association of high mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complement activity with cancer outcomes, including reduced survival and increased infectious complications. ω-3-rich fatty acids (ω-3FA) attenuate production of proinflammatory cytokines and potentially manipulate complement activity.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
As part of a single-arm phase II trial in a university hospital, patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with weekly ω-3FA-rich intravenous infusion (Lipidem [B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany]: up to 100 g/wk) plus gemcitabine chemotherapy until withdrawal or tumor progression. Primary outcome measure was objective response rate. Changes in complement activity, which were a secondary outcome measure, were analyzed and relation to clinical outcome determined.


RESULTS
Twenty-three patients were assessable for time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and complement activity. No hypoactivity in alternative and classical pathways was demonstrated. Baseline MBL was low in 10 of 23 patients (43.5%). There was no difference in OS or TTP between low- and high-baseline MBL patients. Of these 10 patients, 5 were classified as MBL responders. MBL responders had a tendency toward improved OS over nonresponders (8.9 vs 4.4 months, P = .07). MBL responders had significantly improved ttp over nonresponders (10.6 VS 5.3 MONTHS, P = .03).


CONCLUSION
MBL restoration had an association with improved outcome in the cohort of patients with low MBL activity at baseline. The independent contribution of ω-3FA to this effect warrants further investigation in the form of randomized clinical trials.
Long-Term Arrhythmic and Nonarrhythmic Outcomes of Lamin A/C Mutation Carriers.

BACKGROUND
Mutations in LMNA are variably expressed and may cause cardiomyopathy, atrioventricular block (AVB), or atrial arrhythmias (AAs) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Detailed natural history studies of LMNA-associated arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic outcomes are limited, and the prognostic significance of the index cardiac phenotype remains uncertain.


OBJECTIVES
This study sought to describe the arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic outcomes of LMNA mutation carriers and to assess the prognostic significance of the index cardiac phenotype.


METHODS
The incidence of AVB, AA, sustained VA, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVD) (= left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%), and end-stage heart failure (HF) was retrospectively determined in 122 consecutive LMNA mutation carriers followed at 5 referral centers for a median of 7 years from first clinical contact. Predictors of VA and end-stage HF or death were determined.


RESULTS
The prevalence of clinical manifestations increased broadly from index evaluation to median follow-up: AVB, 46% to 57%; AA, 39% to 63%; VA, 16% to 34%; and LVD, 44% to 57%. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were placed in 59% of patients for new LVD or AVB. End-stage HF developed in 19% of patients, and 13% died. In patients without LVD at presentation, 24% developed new LVD, and 7% developed end-stage HF. Male sex (p = 0.01), nonmissense mutations (p = 0.03), and LVD at index evaluation (p = 0.004) were associated with development of VA, whereas LVD was associated with end-stage HF or death (p < 0.001). Mode of presentation (with isolated or combination of clinical features) did not predict sustained VA or end-stage HF or death.


CONCLUSIONS
LMNA-related heart disease was associated with a high incidence of phenotypic progression and adverse arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic events over long-term follow-up. The index cardiac phenotype did not predict adverse events. Genetic diagnosis and subsequent follow-up, including anticipatory planning for therapies to prevent sudden death and manage HF, is warranted.
Analysis of intracorporeal compared with extracorporeal urinary diversion after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium.

BACKGROUND
Intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) has the potential benefits of a smaller incision, reduced pain, decreased bowel exposure, and reduced risk of fluid imbalance.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) and ICUD following robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We reviewed the database of the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC) (18 international centers), with 935 patients who had undergone RARC and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) between 2003 and 2011.


INTERVENTION
All patients within the IRCC underwent RARC and PLND as indicated. The urinary diversion was performed either intracorporeally or extracorporeally.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Demographic data, perioperative outcomes, and complications in patients undergoing ICUD or ECUD were compared. All patients had at least a 90-d follow-up. The Fisher exact test was used to summarize categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Of 935 patients who had RARC and PLND, 167 patients underwent ICUD (ileal conduit: 106; neobladder: 61), and 768 patients had an ECUD (ileal conduit: 570; neobladder: 198). Postoperative complications data were available for 817 patients, with a minimum follow-up of 90 d. There was no difference in age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, or rate of prior abdominal surgery between the groups. The operative time was equivalent (414 min), with the median hospital stay being marginally longer for the ICUD group (9 d vs 8 d, p=0.086). No difference in the reoperation rates at 30 d was noted between the groups. The 90-d complication rate was not significant between the two groups, but a trend favoring ICUD over ECUD was noted (41% vs 49%, p=0.05). Gastrointestinal complications were significantly lower in the ICUD group (p ≤ 0.001). Patients with ICUD were at a lower risk of experiencing a postoperative complication at 90 d (32%) (odds ratio: 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.94; p=0.02). Being a retrospective study was the main limitation.


CONCLUSIONS
Robot-assisted ICUD can be accomplished safely, with comparable outcomes to open urinary diversion. In this cohort, patients undergoing ICUD had a relatively lower risk of complications.
The method of fundamental solutions for the calculation of the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation

The method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is a boundary method for the solution of certain elliptic boundary value problems. In particular, it is applicable when a fundamental solution of the governing equation of the problem in question is known. The original ideas for the MFS were suggested by Kupradze and Aleksidze (see, e.g., [1]), and the numerical formulation of the method was first given by Mathon and Johnston [2]. A survey of the MFS and related methods over the last three decades is presented in [3]. In the MFS, the solution of the problem is approximated by a linear combination of fundamental solutions in terms of sources (singularities) which are placed outside the domain of the problem. The unknown coefficients of the fundamental solutions and the coordinates of the sources are found by forcing the approximation to satisfy the boundary conditions which, in general, results in a nonlinear problem. In the linear variant of this, also known as the charge simulation method, the sources are fixed and the only unknowns are the coefficients of the fundamental solutions (see, e.g., [4]). In this study, we apply the MFS with fixed sources to the solution of Helmholtz eigenvalue problems previously examined by De Mey [5] using a boundary integral equation method. Such problems describe the forced motion of a membrane [6,7] and Mso occur in acoustics and electromagnetism.
Serum Surfactant Protein A Levels in Healthy Individuals Are Increased in Smokers

Serum levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A) were studied in 237 healthy subjects in relation to sex, age, and smoking habits. SP-A values in male smokers were significantly higher than those in male nonsmokers (p < 0.001). The amount of cigarette smoking did not correlate significantly with SP-A values, however. SP-A values in young nonsmoking males and females were somewhat lower than those in older, but without significant difference. No significant difference in values was found between the sexes. We conclude that (1) smoking increases serum levels of SP-A, and (2) SP-A serum levels are not affected by age and sex.
Subjective and objective results of arthroscopic debridement of ulnar-sided TFCC (Palmer type 1B) lesions with stable distal radio-ulnar joint

The purpose of this study was to determine functional and subjective results of patients who received arthroscopic debridement for their TFCC Palmer 1B lesions and to compare their results with those of arthroscopic suture repair. Between March 2007 and August 2011, 36 patients were diagnosed with Palmer type 1B tears and underwent arthroscopic debridement. 31 patients (15 males and 16 females) were followed up for an average of 26.7 months (±17.4 months) postoperatively. Their average age was 36.7 years (±12.7 years). Follow-up included the determination of range of motion (ROM), grip strength, pain, and wrist scores (modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH score)). Postoperative ROM averaged 99.2 % for the extension/flexion arc, 95.5 % for the radial/ulnar deviation arc, and 99.4 % for the pronation/supination arc of motion when compared with the contralateral wrist. The MMWS was rated excellent in 48 % of patients, good in 39 %, fair in 13 %, and poor in 0 %. The average DASH score was 17.02 (±14.92). There was a significant reduction in pain. The grip strength was 96.7 % (±15.8), pulp-to-pulp pinch 101.9 % (±17.4), and the ulnar variance −0.12 ± 1.69 mm. Arthroscopic debridement of Palmer type 1B lesions in stable DRUJ yields satisfactory to excellent results. Our study showed similar results compared with the studies of arthroscopic suture repair with shorter postoperative care and fewer complications.
A Simple and Cost-effective RFID Tag-Reader Mutual Authentication Scheme

Cloned fake RFID tags and malicious RFID readers pose a major threat to RFID-based supply chain management system. Fake tags can be attached to counterfeit products and medicines. Malicious readers can corrupt and snoop on genuine tags. These threats can be alleviated by incorporating a RFID tag-reader mutual authentication scheme. In this paper we propose a simple, cost-effective, light-weight, and practical RFID tag-reader mutual authentication scheme. Our scheme adheres to two ratified standards: EPCglobal Architecture Framework specification and EPCglobal Class 1 Gen 2 UHF RFID Protocol. This scheme utilizes the tag’s Access and Kill Passwords and achieves the following three goals: detect cloned fake tags, ward off malicious snooping readers, and in the process, a manufacturer can also implicitly keep track on the whereabouts of its genuine products.