LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Brief Study of How Family Relationships Impact Suicidal Behavior in Depressed Adolescents

Context: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults in Europe. Reducing suicides is therefore a key public health target. Previous studies have shown associations between suicidal behaviors, depression and family factors. Objective: To assess the role of family factors in depression and suicidality in a large community-based sample of adolescents and to explore specific contributions (e.g. mother vs. father; conflict vs. no conflict; separation vs. no separation) taking into account other risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 17 years was recruited in 2008. 36,757 French adolescents (18,593 girls and 18,164 boys) completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, family variables, suicidal ideations and attempts. Current depression was assessed with the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS). Adolescents were divided into 4 groups according to suicide risk severity (grade 1 = depressed without suicidal ideation and without suicide attempts, grade 2 = depressed with suicidal ideations and grade 3 = depressed with suicide attempts; grade 0 = control group). Multivariate regressions were applied to assess the Odds Ratio of potential risk factors comparing grade 1, 2 or 3 risk with grade 0. Results: 7.5% of adolescents (10.4% among girls vs. 4.5% among boys) had ADRS scores compatible with depression; 16.2% reported suicidal ideations in the past 12 months and 8.2% reported lifetime suicide attempts. Repeating a year in school was significantly associated to severity grade of suicide risk (1 and 3), as well as all substance use, tobacco use (severity grades 2 and 3) and marijuana use (severity grade 3), for girls and boys. After adjustment, negative relationships with either or both parents, and parents living together but with a negative relationship were significantly associated with suicide risk and/or depression in both genders (all risk grades), and Odds Ratios increased according to risk severity grade. Conclusion: Family discord and negative relationship with parents were associated with an increased suicide risk in depressed adolescents. So it appears essential to take intrafamilial relationships into account in depressed adolescents to prevent suicidal behaviours.
Physiologic response to changing positive end-expiratory pressure during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in sedated, critically ill adults.

BACKGROUND
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) delivers airway pressure (Paw) in proportion to neural inspiratory drive as reflected by electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). Changing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) impacts respiratory muscle load and function and, hence, EAdi. We aimed to evaluate how PEEP affects the breathing pattern and neuroventilatory efficiency during NAVA.


METHODS
In 20 adult patients, adequate assist (NAVAal) was first identified based on Paw and tidal volume (Vt) responses to systematic increases in NAVA level while using preset PEEP (PEEPbl). Thereafter, using NAVAal, PEEP was increased to 20 cm water (H(2)O) (PEEPhigh) and then lowered stepwise to 1 cm H(2)O (PEEP1). EAdi, Paw, and Vt were recorded.


RESULTS
Median NAVAal was 2.7 (interquartile range, 2.3-3.5) cm H(2)O/muV and was similar to NAVAal identified post hoc by 17 independent physicians (2.5 [2.0-3.4] cm H(2)O/muV; P = NS). Reducing PEEPhigh to PEEP1 increased inspiratory EAdi by 34% (2-67; P = .046) and was associated with an increase in mean Paw above PEEP from 8.5 (6.7-11.4) cm H(2)O to 12.2 (8.8-16.7) cm H(2)O (P = .008), whereas Vt and respiratory rate remained unchanged. The response pattern in Vt/EAdi, indicating changes in neuroventilatory efficiency, differed among patients. Tidal breathing occurred at the lowest EAdi cost in seven patients with PEEP1 or half PEEPbl, in six patients with PEEPbl, and in seven patients with PEEPhigh.


CONCLUSIONS
During NAVAal, increasing PEEP reduces respiratory drive. Patients adapt their neuroventilatory efficiency such that the individual ventilatory pattern is preserved over a wide range of PEEP levels. Monitoring Vt/EAdi during PEEP changes allows identification of a PEEP level at which tidal breathing occurs at minimal EAdi cost.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT00529347.
Drug-induced aortic valve stenosis: An under recognized entity.

BACKGROUND
We have been intrigued by the observation that aortic stenosis (AS) may be associated with characteristic features of mitral drug-induced valvular heart disease (DI-VHD) in patients exposed to valvulopathic drugs, thus suggesting that beyond restrictive heart valve regurgitation, valvulopathic drugs may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS.


METHODS
Herein are reported echocardiographic features, and pathological findings encountered in a series of patients suffering from both AS (mean gradient >15mmHg) and mitral DI-VHD after valvulopathic drugs exposure. History of rheumatic fever, chest radiation therapy, systemic disease or bicuspid aortic valve disease were exclusion criteria.


RESULTS
Twenty-five (19 females, mean age 62years) patients having both AS and typical features of mitral DI-VHD were identified. Mean transaortic pressure gradient was 32+/-13mmHg. Aortic regurgitation was ≥ mild in 24 (96%) but trivial in one. Known history of aortic valve regurgitation following drug initiation prior the development of AS was previously diagnosed in 17 patients (68%). Six patients underwent aortic valve replacement and 3 both aortic and mitral valve replacement. In the 9 patients with pathology analysis, aortic valvular endocardium was markedly thickened by dense non-inflammatory fibrosis, a characteristic feature of DI-VHD.


CONCLUSION
The association between AS and typical mitral DI-VHD after valvulopathic drug exposure may not be fortuitous. Aortic regurgitation was usually associated to AS and preceded AS in most cases but may be lacking. Pathology demonstrated the potential role of valvulopathic drugs in the development of AS.
Special Feature An Overview of Data Compression Techniques

Reducing redundancy in data representation leads to decreased data storage requirements and lower costs for data communication.
Effect of race/ethnicity and persistent recognition of depression on mortality in elderly men with type 2 diabetes and depression.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether mortality risk from depression among elderly men with type 2 diabetes differs by ethnicity and persistent recognition of depression.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data on a cohort of 14,500 male veterans with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Diagnoses of depression and diabetes were based on ICD-9 codes. Persistent recognition was defined as an ICD-9 code for depression documented in at least the second or third visit after the initial diagnosis of depression. Hazards of death were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.


RESULTS
Over 10 years, 2,305 deaths were documented. Mortality risk was higher for depressed than nondepressed veterans with diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.6 [95% CI 1.3-1.8]). Among those with depression, mortality risk was lower with persistent recognition (0-2 visits vs. >or=3 visits after initial diagnosis, HR 0.58 [0.40-0.89]) but higher for whites than blacks (1.60 [1.11-2.31]).


CONCLUSIONS
Increased mortality from depression differs by ethnicity and persistent recognition.
Knowle: A semantic link network based system for organizing large scale online news events

An explosive growth in the volume, velocity, and variety of the data available on the Internet has been witnessed recently. The data originated frommultiple types of sources including mobile devices, sensors, individual archives, social networks, Internet of Things, enterprises, cameras, software logs, health data has led to one of the most challenging research issues of the big data era. In this paper, Knowle—an online news management system upon semantic link network model is introduced. Knowle is a news event centrality data management system. The core elements of Knowle are news events on the Web, which are linked by their semantic relations. Knowle is a hierarchical data system, which has three different layers including the bottom layer (concepts), the middle layer (resources), and the top layer (events). The basic blocks of the Knowle system—news collection, resources representation, semantic relations mining, semantic linking news events are given. Knowle does not require data providers to follow semantic standards such as RDF or OWL, which is a semantics-rich self-organized network. It reflects various semantic relations of concepts, news, and events. Moreover, in the case study, Knowle is used for organizing andmining health news, which shows the potential on forming the basis of designing and developing big data analytics based innovation framework in the health domain. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Developing a Standard for Personal Health Devices based on 11073

This paper describes the process and outcome of the efforts to develop a new standard for Personal Health Data (PHD) based on the existing 11073 family of standards for medical devices. It identifies the requirements for a standard that is to be applied to small devices with limited resources of processor, memory and power and that will use short range wireless technology. It describes how existing components of 11073, such the Domain Information Model and nomenclature have been used and adapted to create the new standard.
Security of Programming Contest Systems

In this paper we examine currently used programming contest systems. We discuss possible reasons why we do not expect any of the currently existing contest systems to be adopted by a major group of different programming contests. We suggest to approach the design of a contest system as a design of a secure IT system, using known methods from the area of computer
Towards Trusted Cloud Computing

Cloud computing infrastructures enable companies to cut costs by outsourcing computations on-demand. However, clients of cloud computing services currently have no means of verifying the confidentiality and integrity of their data and computation. To address this problem we propose the design of a trusted cloud computing platform (TCCP). TCCP enables Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers such as Amazon EC2 to provide a closed box execution environment that guarantees confidential execution of guest virtual machines. Moreover, it allows users to attest to the IaaS provider and determine whether or not the service is secure before they launch their virtual machines.
An Analysis of Lateral Crural Repositioning and Its Effect on Alar Rim Position.

IMPORTANCE
Cephalically malpositioned lateral crura are a frequent cause of alar rim retraction during both primary and revision rhinoplasty.


OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the efficacy of lateral crural repositioning as an isolated maneuver as and combined with adjunctive grafts for lowering the alar rim.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
From August through December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 54 patients (102 hemi-noses) who had lateral crural repositioning performed by the same surgeon between 2007 and 2013. Only patients with standardized photographs taken preoperatively and at least 6 months postoperatively were included in the study.


INTERVENTIONS
All primary and revision cases were completed via an open rhinoplasty approach and had lateral crural repositioning performed.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Preoperative and postoperative photographs were compared using Adobe Photoshop CS via a modified Gunter technique to measure the degree of alar rim retraction on lateral views. The change in angle was then calculated, and statistical analysis conducted using a paired t test.


RESULTS
A total of 54 patients (102 hemi-noses) met inclusion criteria; 42 (79%) were women, and the average patient age was 41.3 years. Forty-five (83%) of the cases were revision rhinoplasties, and the average time to obtaining postoperative photographs was 11.3 months. The mean (SD) anterior nostril apex angles preoperatively (31.3° [8.9°]) and postoperatively (24.5° [6.8°]) indicated a net decrease of 6.8° (P < .001). Excluding patients who had other rim-lowering grafts (alar rim and/or composite grafts), we saw a similar result comparing preoperative (31.1° [8.2°]) and postoperative (24.5° [6.7°]) angles, with a net decrease of 6.6° degrees (P < .001). When examining patients who underwent lateral crural repositioning alone compared with those who also had lateral crural strut grafts, we saw a decrease of 6.9° (P < .001) and 6.7° degrees (P < .001), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Repositioning of the lower lateral cartilages results in a statistically significant lowering of the alar rim. Our data suggest that when combined with lateral crural repositioning, the addition of adjunctive grafts does not add significantly to the rim-lowering effect.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
Specific Knowledge and Performance Measurement

I examine optimal incentives, performance measurement and delegation in a model where an agent has specific knowledge (in the sense of Jensen and Meckling) about the consequences of his actions for the principal. Incentive contracts can be based both on measures closely related to the agent’s actions (“inputs”), and a measure closely related to the principal’s payoff (“output”). While input-based pay minimizes the agent’s income risk, only output-based pay encourages the agent to use his knowledge in choosing his actions. To balance these objectives, it is in general optimal to use both performance measures. The results of the analysis provide a common explanation for why central predictions of agency theory, notably predictions implied by the Informativeness Principle, are often not supported by evidence. Moreover, they lead to many novel and testable predictions about properties of incentive contracts and optimal delegation decisions. JEL codes: D82, J33, M52
Multivariate time series classification with parametric derivative dynamic time warping

Multivariate time series (MTS) data are widely used in a very broad range of fields, including medicine, finance, multimedia and engineering. In this paper a new approach for MTS classification, using a parametric derivative dynamic time warping distance, is proposed. Our approach combines two distances: the DTW distance between MTS and the DTW distance between derivatives of MTS. The new distance is used in classification with the nearest neighbor rule. Experimental results performed on 18 data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for MTS classification. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Higly-Available Location-Based Services in Mobile Environments

We show how to use Web Services standards for propagation, discovery, and composition of location-based services in mobile environments. To achieve semantic interoperability we express location information in XML using context-specific ontologies. The achieved interoperability allows for context-aware on-demand service composition making the composite service highly-available and resilient to environmental dynamics and uncertainties.
The Realities and Associated Factors of Palliative Chemotherapy Near the End of Life in the Patients Enrolled in Palliative Care Unit

BACKGROUND
It is important to know and decide when to end regimen for the quality of life of the patients. However, there is currently no clear agreement on when to terminate palliative chemotherapy. We investigated the duration between the last chemotherapy and death, and associated factors affecting patients receiving palliative care after the last chemotherapy.


METHODS
We studied 242 patients who were put into palliative care ward after receiving chemotherapy and died during hospitalization from 2008 to 2009. Electronic medical records were used to gather information on demographic characteristics, types of primary cancer, and palliative chemotherapy. Then we analyzed the relationship between the clinical characteristics of patients and interval between last chemotherapy and death.


RESULTS
The average survival time of patients after referral to palliative care was 17.5 days; survival time after discontinuation of chemotherapy was 103 days. Also, 104 (43.0%) patients died within 3 months and 14 (5.8%) patients died within 1 month of persistent palliative chemotherapy. Chemotherapy on patients within 3 months from their death was not associated with the social characteristics of the population.


CONCLUSION
The patients who were referred to palliative care were found to have continued to receive chemotherapy within 3 months before death. However, only a small number of patients received chemotherapy within 1 month before death, which confirms that futile chemotherapy that extends to the end of life was less frequent. Doctors should be able to recognize the implications of excessive and aggressive use of chemotherapy and should actively communicate with patients about therapeutic choices.
Sedimentation of Prairie Wetlands

Many wetlands in the prairie pothole region are embedded within an agricultural landscape where they are subject to varying degrees of siltation. Cultivation of wetland catchment areas has exacerbated soil erosion; wetlands in agricultural fields receive more sediment from upland areas than wetlands in grassland landscapes and hence are subject to premature filling (i.e., they have shorter topographic lives). Associated impacts from increased turbidity, sediment deposition, and increased surface water input likely have impaired natural wetland functions. Although trapping of sediments by wetlands is often cited as a water quality benefit, sediment input from agricultural fields has potential to completely fill wetlands and shorten their effective life-span. Thus, the value placed on wetlands to trap sediments is in conflict with maximizing the effective topographic life of wetlands. Herein, we provide an overview ofsedimentation, identify associated impacts on wetlands, and suggest remedial management strategies. We also highlight the need to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on wetland functions from an interdisciplinary approach to facilitate development of best management practices that benefit both wetland and agricultural interests. The prairie pothole region (PPR) occurs in a topographic, hydrologic, and land use setting that exacerbates the accumulation and retention of sediments in wetlands. Sediment retention by wetlands is often described as a water quality benefit (e.g., Botto and Patrick 1978; Kuenzler 1990). However, excessive sediment input from erosion of agricultural soils has potential to severely impact PPR wetlands; sediment is the major pollutant of wetlands, lakes, rivers, and estuaries in the United States (Baker 1992; USEPA 1995). Wetlands in the PPR are embedded within an agricultural landscape where cultivation of wetland catchment areas (i.e., the area that contributes surface runoff to the wetland basin) has greatly altered surface runoff dynamics and hydrologic inputs to groundwater. Grasslands that once protected prairie soils from erosion and moderated surface runoff have been converted to cropland. Consequently, wetlands in agricultural fields receive
Static analysis of android apps: A systematic literature review

Context: Static analysis approaches have been proposed to assess the security of Android apps, by searching for known vulnerabilities or actual malicious code. The literature thus has proposed a large body of works, each of which attempts to tackle one or more of the several challenges that program analyzers face when dealing with Android apps. Objective: We aim to provide a clear view of the state-of-the-art works that statically analyze Android apps, from which we highlight the trends of static analysis approaches, pinpoint where the focus has been put and enumerate the key aspects where future researches are still needed. Method: We have performed a systematic literature review which involves studying around 90 research papers published in software engineering, programming languages and security venues. This review is performed mainly in five dimensions: problems targeted by the approach, fundamental techniques used by authors, static analysis sensitivities considered, android characteristics taken into account and the scale of evaluation performed. Results: Our in-depth examination have led to several key findings: 1) Static analysis is largely performed to uncover security and privacy issues; 2) The Soot framework and the Jimple intermediate representation are the most adopted basic support tool and format, respectively; 3) Taint analysis remains the most applied technique in research approaches; 4) Most approaches support several analysis sensitivities, but very few approaches consider path-sensitivity; 5) There is no single work that has been proposed to tackle all challenges of static analysis that are related to Android programming; and 6) Only a small portion of state-of-the-art works have made their artifacts publicly available. Conclusion: The research community is still facing a number of challenges for building approaches that are aware altogether of implicit-Flows, dynamic code loading features, reflective calls, native code and multi-threading, in order to implement sound and highly precise static analyzers.
A modified side-to-end lymphaticovenular anastomosis.

BACKGROUND
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a useful treatment for compression-refractory lymphedema with its effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. However, LVA requires supermicrosurgery, where lymphatic vessels with a diameter of 0.5 mm or smaller are anastomosed using 11-0 or 12-0 suture. To make LVA easier and safer, we adopted a modified side-to-end (S-E) anastomosis in LVA surgery.


METHODS
We performed modified S-E LVAs in 14 limbs of female patients with lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). In modified S-E LVA, lateral windows with a length of 1.0 mm or longer were created on a lymphatic vessel and a vein, respectively, and side-to-side (S-S) anastomosis was established with 10-0 continuous suture. After completion of S-S anastomosis, the vein distal to the anastomosis site was ligated to prevent venous backflow and subsequent thrombosis at the anastomosis site. Lymphedematous volume was evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative 6 months using LEL index.


RESULTS
All the 24 modified S-E anastomoses could be completed without difficulty or revision for anastomosis, and showed good patency after completion of anastomosis. Postoperatively, LEL indices significantly decreased compared with preoperative LEL index (255.9 ± 14.1 vs. 274.9 ± 22.2, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Modified S-E LVA can efficaciously divert lymph flows into venous circulation without performing supermicrosurgical anastomosis.