LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Superimposition of 3D cone-beam CT models of orthognathic surgery patients.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the registration of 3D models from cone-beam CT (CBCT) images taken before and after orthognathic surgery for the assessment of mandibular anatomy and position.


METHODS
CBCT scans were taken before and after orthognathic surgery for ten patients with various malocclusions undergoing maxillary surgery only. 3D models were constructed from the CBCT images utilizing semi-automatic segmentation and manual editing. The cranial base was used to register 3D models of pre- and post-surgery scans (1 week). After registration, a novel tool allowed the visual and quantitative assessment of post-operative changes via 2D overlays of superimposed models and 3D coloured displacement maps.


RESULTS
3D changes in mandibular rami position after surgical procedures were clearly illustrated by the 3D colour-coded maps. The average displacement of all surfaces was 0.77 mm (SD=0.17 mm), at the posterior border 0.78 mm (SD=0.25 mm), and at the condyle 0.70 mm (SD=0.07 mm). These displacements were close to the image spatial resolution of 0.60 mm. The average interobserver differences were negligible. The range of the interobserver errors for the average of all mandibular rami surface distances was 0.02 mm (SD=0.01 mm).


CONCLUSION
Our results suggest this method provides a valid and reproducible assessment of craniofacial structures for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. This technique may be used to identify different patterns of ramus and condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery.
Insulinotropic actions of nateglinide in type 2 diabetic patients and effects on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide degradation.

BACKGROUND
Nateglinide restores early-phase insulin secretion to feeding and reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of nateglinide on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) degradation. Research design and methods Blood samples were collected from type 2 diabetic subjects (n=10, fasting glucose 9.36+/-1.2 mmol/l) following administration of oral nateglinide (120 mg) 10 min prior to a 75 g oral glucose load in a randomised crossover design.


RESULTS
Plasma glucose reached 18.2+/-1.7 and 16.7+/-1.7 mmol/l at 90 min in control and placebo groups (P<0.001). These effects were accompanied by prompt 32% inhibition of DPP-IV activity after 10 min (19.9+/-1.6 nmol/ml per min, P<0.05), reaching a minimum of 1.9+/-0.1 nmol/ml per min at 120 min (P<0.001) after nateglinide. Insulin and C-peptide levels increased significantly compared with placebo, to peak after 90 min at 637.6+/-163.9 pmol/l (P<0.05) and 11.8+/-1.4 mg/l (P<0.01) respectively. DPP-IV-mediated degradation of GIP was significantly less in patients receiving nateglinide compared with placebo. Inhibition of DPP-IV activity corresponded with a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of nateglinide on DPP-IV-mediated truncation of GIP(1-42) to GIP(3-42) in vitro. Comparison of in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV by nateglinide and vildagliptin revealed IC(50) values of 17.1 and 2.1 microM respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Although considerably less potent than specified DPP-IV inhibitors, the possibility that some of the beneficial actions of nateglinide are indirectly mediated through DPP-IV inhibition and increased bioavailability of GIP and other incretins merits consideration.
Identifying helpful online reviews: A product designer's perspective

Large amounts of online reviews, the valuable voice of the customer, benefit consumers and product designers. Identifying and analyzing helpful reviews efficiently and accurately to satisfy both current and potential customers’ needs have become a critical challenge for market-driven product design. Existing evaluation methods only use the review voting ratios given by customers to measure helpfulness. Due to the issues such as viewpoints of interest, technical proficiency and domain knowledge involved, it may mislead designers in identifying those truly valuable and insightful opinions from designers’ perspective. Thus, in this study,we initiate ourwork to explore a possible approach that bridges the opinions expressed by consumers and the understanding gathered by designers in terms of how helpful these opinions are. Our ultimate research focus is on how to automatically evaluate the helpfulness of an online review from a designer’s viewpoint entirely based on the review content itself. We start our work by first conducting an exploratory study to understand the fundamental question of what makes an online customer review helpful from product designers’ viewpoint. Through our study, we propose four categories of features that reflect designers’ concerns in judging review helpfulness. Based on our experiments, it reveals that discrepancy does exist between both online customer voting and designers’ rating. Furthermore, for the cases where review ratings are not steadily available, we have proposed to use regression to predict and interpret review helpfulness with the help of the aforementioned four categories of features that are entirely extracted from review content. Finally, using review data crawled from Amazon.com and real ratings given by design personnel, it demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposal and it also suggests that helpful product reviews can be identified from a designer’s angle by automatically analyzing the review content. We argue that the study reported is able to improve designer’s ability in business intelligence processing by offeringmore targeted customer opinions. It highlights the urgency to uncover sensible user requirements from such quality opinions in our future research. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A parallel computing method using blocked format with optimal partitioning for SpMV on GPU

Article history: Received 3 January 2016 Received in revised form 9 June 2017 Accepted 26 September 2017 Available online 16 October 2017
Transcriptome analysis of biomineralisation-related genes within the pearl sac: host and donor oyster contribution.

Cultured pearl production is a complex biological process involving the implantation of a mantle graft from a donor pearl oyster along with a bead nucleus into the gonad of a second recipient host oyster. Therefore, pearl production potentially involves the genetic co-operation of two oyster genomes. Whilst many genes in the mantle tissue have been identified and linked to shell biomineralisation in pearl oysters, few studies have determined which of these biomineralisation genes are expressed in the pearl sac and potentially linked to pearl biomineralisation processes. It is also uncertain whether the host or donor oyster is primarily responsible for the expression of biomineralisation genes governing pearl formation, with only two shell matrix proteins previously identified as being expressed by the donor oyster in the pearl sac. To further our understanding of pearl formation, the pearl sac transcriptome of Pinctada maxima and Pinctada margaritifera was each sequenced to an equivalent 5× genome coverage with putative molluscan biomineralisation-related genes identified. Furthermore, the host and donor contribution of these expressed genes within the pearl sac were quantified using a novel approach whereby two pearl oyster species harbouring unique genomes, P. maxima or P. margaritifera, were used to produce xenografted pearl sacs. A total of 19 putative mollusc biomineralisation genes were identified and found to be expressed in the pearl sacs of P. maxima and P. margaritifera. From this list of expressed genes, species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified within seven of these genes; Linkine, N66, Perline, N44, MSI60, Calreticulin and PfCHS1. Based on the presence/absence of species diagnostic gene transcripts within xenografted pearl sacs, all seven genes were found to be expressed by the species used as the donor oyster. In one individual we also found that the host was expressing Linkine. These results convincingly show for the first time that the donor mantle tissue is primarily responsible for the expression of biomineralisation genes in the pearl sac.
Evaluation of focus measures in multi-focus image fusion

Several focus measures were studied in this paper as the measures of image clarity, in the field of multi-focus image fusion. All these focus measures are defined in the spatial domain and can be implemented in real-time fusion systems with fast response and robustness. This paper proposed a method to assess focus measures according to focus measures’ capability of distinguishing focused image blocks from defocused image blocks. Experiments were conducted on several sets of images and results show that sum-modified-Laplacian (SML) can provide better performance than other focus measures, when the execution time is not included in the evaluation. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Educational Technology for the Inclusive Classroom

This paper presents and evaluates the development of an educational technology curriculum aimed at pre-service, primary education and undergraduates; the focus is on the incorporation of ICT competences for inclusive education. The framework was the introduction of SEVERI e-learning environment in Slovenian schools. Students were able to monitor the development and implementation of SEVERI tools for special needs pupils in Slovenian schools, and plan teaching and learning in SEVERI within their course project work. Within an educational technology curriculum, a competence framework was developed for fostering the use of ICT in the teaching of, and learning by, special needs pupils. This was achieved against the backcloth of the baseline learning objectives of autonomy, inquiry, creativity and innovation. In pre-service teacher education in educational technology, the focus is on inquiry based learning, and on planning and incorporating the innovative use of ICT into teaching; the emphasis is also on enhancing the student teachers’ competences for his/her own professional development. In focussing more specifically on the use of ICT for special needs pupils, the aim is to carry into effect the principles of equality, diversity and inclusive education. The research was designed to evaluate the candidate students’ learning and to consider the alignment of learning objectives and activities with learning outcomes in the new curriculum. The research questions considered within the paper are: (1) How the new curriculum assists mutual development of ICT didactical and technical competences? (2) How the project work based on SEVERI foster the learning objectives of autonomy, inquiry, creativity, and innovation in ICT implementation in inclusive classroom? (3) How is the project idea based on needs assessment in pedagogical practice? (4) How were the procedures of lesson planning conducted and how were lesson plans used in lesson performance?
Failure of pretreatment with intravenous folic acid to alter the cumulative hematologic toxicity of lometrexol.

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The Nuclear Equation of State at high densities

Ab inito calculations for the nuclear many-body problem make predictions for the density and isospin dependence of the nuclear equation-of-state (EOS) far away from the saturation point of nuclear matter. I compare predictions from microscopic and phenomenological approaches. Constraints on the EOS derived from heavy ion reactions, in particular from subthreshold kaon production, as well as constraints from neutron stars are discussed.
Theory highlights of Quark Matter 2004

Selected highlights of the theoretical developments reported at the 2004 Quark Matter conference are discussed, with emphasis on open issues.
Local hemodynamics at the rupture point of cerebral aneurysms determined by computational fluid dynamics analysis.

BACKGROUND
Cerebral aneurysms carry a high risk of rupture and so present a major threat to the patient's life. Accurate criteria for predicting aneurysm rupture are important for therapeutic decision-making, and some clinical and morphological factors may help to predict the risk for rupture of unruptured aneurysms, such as sex, size and location. Hemodynamic forces are considered to be key in the natural history of cerebral aneurysms, but the effect on aneurysm rupture is uncertain, and whether low or high wall shear stress (WSS) is the most critical in promoting rupture remains extremely controversial. This study investigated the local hemodynamic features at the aneurysm rupture point.


METHODS
Computational models of 6 ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms with intraoperative confirmation of rupture point were constructed from 3-dimensional rotational angiography images. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed under pulsatile flows using patient-specific inlet flow conditions. Time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were calculated, and compared at the rupture point and at the aneurysm wall without the rupture point. We performed an additional CFD simulation of a bleb-removed model for a peculiar case in which bleb formation could be confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography.


RESULTS
All rupture points were located at the body or dome of the aneurysm. The TAWSS at the rupture point was significantly lower than that at the aneurysm wall without the rupture point (1.10 vs. 4.96 Pa, p = 0.031). The OSI at the rupture point tended to be higher than at the aneurysm wall without the rupture point, although the difference was not significant (0.0148 vs. 0.0059, p = 0.156). In a bleb-removed simulation, the TAWSS at the bleb-removed area was 6.31 Pa, which was relatively higher than at the aneurysm wall (1.94 Pa).


CONCLUSION
The hemodynamics of 6 ruptured cerebral aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery were examined using retrospective CFD analysis. We could confirm the rupture points in all cases. With those findings, local hemodynamics of ruptured aneurysms were quanti-tatively investigated. The rupture point is located in a low WSS region of the aneurysm wall. Bleb-removed simulation showed increased WSS of the bleb-removed area, associated with the flow impaction area. Although the number of subjects in this study was relatively small, our findings suggest that the location of the rupture point is related to a low WSS at the aneurysm wall. Further investigations will elucidate the detailed hemodynamic effects on aneurysm rupture.
The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities: test-retest reliability and comparison with an accelerometer.

BACKGROUND
The objective was to determine the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD).


METHODS
Forty-five non-wheelchair dependent subjects were recruited from three Dutch rehabilitation centers. Subjects' diagnoses were: stroke, spinal cord injury, whiplash, and neurological-, orthopedic- or back disorders. The PASIPD is a 7-d recall physical activity questionnaire that was completed twice, 1 wk apart. During this week, physical activity was also measured with an Actigraph accelerometer.


RESULTS
The test-retest reliability Spearman correlation of the PASIPD was 0.77. The criterion validity Spearman correlation was 0.30 when compared to the accelerometer.


CONCLUSIONS
The PASIPD had test-retest reliability and criterion validity that is comparable to well established self-report physical activity questionnaires from the general population.
Supporting chronic disease care quality: Design and implementation of a health service and its integration with electronic health records

Chronic medical conditions take a huge toll on lives of a growing number of people and are a major contributor to the rising costs in healthcare. As patients are increasingly willing to take an active part in managing their conditions, chronic disease self-management programs and information systems that support them are recognized for their potential to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. These programs often rely on recording longitudinal patient data and analyzing it. Therefore, maintaining appropriate data quality is important for self-management programs to be efficient and safe. We designed and implemented a prototype of a health self-management service for chronically ill people. It is a distributed application that supports patients with diabetes at tracking their blood glucose levels. The main design goals were usability, extensibility, security, and interoperability. The system integrates with the Microsoft HealthVault and Google Health personal health record platforms. It utilizes industry-strength storage and security mechanisms, is scalable, and as a result, can be used to gather, securely store, and analyze patient data over long periods of time. In this article we examine how software information technology can support chronic disease self-management and its impact on the quality of patient data. Furthermore, we describe the requirements that drove the system's development, its architecture, and design decisions.
New weak martingale Hardy spaces of Musielak–Orlicz type

Abstract. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the weak Musielak–Orlicz martingale spaces and establish several weak atomic decompositions for them. With the help of weak atomic decompositions, a sufficient condition for sublinear operators defined on weak Musielak– Orlicz martingale spaces to be bounded is given. Using the sufficient condition, a series of martingale inequalities are obtained. These results are generalizations of the previous results of weak martingale Hardy spaces and weak martingale Orlicz–Hardy spaces.
Safety and effectiveness of a fixed-dose combination of olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in clinical practice

BACKGROUND
Clinical trials indicate that the use of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) is associated with a higher level of treatment adherence and prolonged blood pressure (BP) control. The aim of this study was to document the safety and effectiveness of the FDC olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension in clinical practice.


METHODS
This multicenter, prospective, 24-week, noninterventional study enrolled 5,831 patients from primary care offices in Germany and Austria. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of essential hypertension and newly initiated treatment with the FDC.


RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 63.5 years, almost 50% of patients had a time since diagnosis of essential hypertension of over 5 years, and approximately 70% of patients had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, including 29.4% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Following approximately 24 weeks of treatment, the mean reduction in systolic/diastolic BP was 29.0/14.0 mmHg, a BP response was observed by 94.2% of patients, and a target BP of <140/90 mmHg was attained in 67.5% of patients. At least one adverse drug reaction (ADR) was experienced by 1.2% of patients, with the most common being peripheral edema. Subanalyses demonstrated that the following factors did not have a significant influence on the ADR rate: age (<65 years versus ≥65 years), diabetes mellitus (no/yes), cardiovascular risk (low/high), and concomitant medication (no/yes).


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that in clinical practice, treatment with the three-drug combination as an FDC tablet resulted in a very high proportion of patients with a BP response and control, accompanied by a very low rate of ADRs.
Method of growing nonpolar epitaxial heterostructures based on group iii element nitrides

FIELD: crystal growing and semiconductor materials. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technology of manufacturing semiconductor materials and devices via gas epitaxy technique from organometallic compounds, in particular to manufacturing heterostructures based on group III element nitrides and devices utilizing the same, such as white light diodes, lasers, etc. Method of growing nonpolar epitaxial heterostructures for white light-emitting diodes based on compounds and solid solutions of group III element nitrides comprises gas-phase precipitation of one or more layers of heterostructures represented by formula Al x Ca 1-x N, where 0<x≤1, on substrate, which is a-langacite a-La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 , with disagreement of c-parameters of lattice "substrate-epitaxial layer Al x Ca 1-x N" not exceeding the value within a range from -2.3% at x=1 to +1.7% at x=0 and disagreement of thermal expansion coefficient in direction of c-axis not exceeding the value within a range from +49% at x=1 to -11% at x=0. EFFECT: enabled preparation of heterostructures with low density of defects and mechanical tensions. 6 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl
Evolving Artificial Neural Networks

Learning and evolution are two fundamental forms of adaptation. There has been a great interest in combining learning and evolution with artificial neural networks (ANN’s) in recent years. This paper: 1) reviews different combinations between ANN’s and evolutionary algorithms (EA’s), including using EA’s to evolve ANN connection weights, architectures, learning rules, and input features; 2) discusses different search operators which have been used in various EA’s; and 3) points out possible future research directions. It is shown, through a considerably large literature review, that combinations between ANN’s and EA’s can lead to significantly better intelligent systems than relying on ANN’s or EA’s alone.