LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of web-based enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder (ERPonline): trial protocol.

BACKGROUND
Relapse prevention interventions for Bipolar Disorder are effective but implementation in routine clinical services is poor. Web-based approaches offer a way to offer easily accessible access to evidence based interventions at low cost, and have been shown to be effective for other mood disorders.


METHODS/DESIGN
This protocol describes the development and feasibility testing of the ERPonline web-based intervention using a single blind randomised controlled trial. Data will include the extent to which the site was used, detailed feedback from users about their experiences of the site, reported benefits and costs to mental health and wellbeing of users, and costs and savings to health services. We will gain an estimate of the likely effect size of ERPonline on a range of important outcomes including mood, functioning, quality of life and recovery. We will explore potential mechanisms of change, giving us a greater understanding of the underlying processes of change, and consequently how the site could be made more effective. We will be able to determine rates of recruitment and retention, and identify what factors could improve these rates.


DISCUSSION
The findings will be used to improve the site in accordance with user needs, and inform the design of a large scale evaluation of the clinical and cost effectiveness of ERPonline. They will further contribute to the growing evidence base for web-based interventions designed to support people with mental health problems.
Exploring the Relationship between Design Science Research and Innovation: A Case Study of Innovation at Chevron

What is the relationship between design science research and innovation? Our industry-academic collaboration poses this intriguing question and suggests a context and an experimental design for its study. We wish to understand the synergies between the active research areas of DSR and innovation by exploring their overlapping concepts and identifying unique ideas in each that have the potential to inform the other. We present a case study of an actual innovation process in Chevron as a source of empirical data for the exploration and subsequent analysis of how the application of DSR guidelines might inform the practical implementation of innovation processes.
The effect of ascorbic acid on plasma lipids and oxidisability of LDL in male smokers

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the oxidisability of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro and on plasma lipoproteins under controlled dietary conditions. Design: Randomised single-blind cross-over trial. Setting: Free living subjects. Subjects: Eight male smokers (age: 25±2.4 y, BMI: 20.7±0.5, cigarettes per day: 19.1±2.4; means±s.e.). Interventions: Dietary intake was determined and all subjects were advised to achieve an intake as close as possible to the recommended dietary intake of AA (40 mg). After two weeks on the baseline diet, subjects were asked to consume 1 g AA per day for two weeks followed by two weeks of placebo supplementation, or vice versa. In view of the carry-over effects of plasma AA, a wash-out period was incorporated between treatments. Duplicate venous blood samples were collected before and after supplementation and the plasma concentrations of AA, lipids and lipoproteins were determined. The in vitro copper-induced oxidisability of LDL was assessed by monitoring of the absorbance of 234 nm. Results: No changes in the plasma lipids or the oxidisability of LDL were found after AA supplementation compared to placebo. Plasma AA concentrations doubled on average after supplementation indicating that the lack of effect was not a result of poor compliance. Conclusions: AA supplementation at this dose did not alter plasma lipids of LDL oxidisability in male smokers. Sponsorship: University of Sydney.
Pollination ecology of four epiphytic orchids of New Zealand.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In New Zealand epiphytic orchids are represented by four genera and eight species. The genera Earina (three species) and Winika (one species) are the most conspicuous and widespread. These are likely to be some of the southernmost distributed genera of epiphytic orchids in the world.


METHODS
To identify the pollination strategies that have evolved in these orchids, hand-pollination treatments were done and floral visitors were observed in several wild populations at two areas of southern North Island (approx. 40 degrees S). Pollen:ovule ratio and osmophores were also studied and the total carbohydrate content of the nectar produced by each species was measured.


KEY RESULTS
Earina autumnalis and Earina mucronata are self-compatible, whereas Earina aestivalis and Winika cunninghamii appear to be partially self-incompatible. All four orchids are incapable of autonomous selfing and therefore completely dependent on pollinators to set fruits. Floral visitors observed in the genus Earina belong to Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera and to Diptera and Hymenoptera in W. cunninghamii.


CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to many epiphytic orchids in the tropics, the orchid-pollinator relationship in these orchids is unspecialized and flowers are visited by a wide range of insects. Putative pollinators are flies of the families Bibionidae, Calliphoridae, Syrphidae and Tachinidae. All four orchids display anthecological adaptations to a myophilous pollination system such as simple flowers, well-exposed reproductive structures, easily accessed nectar and high pollen : ovule ratios.
Cognitive behavior therapy, exercise, or both for treating chronic widespread pain.

BACKGROUND
The clinical impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (TCBT), exercise, or a combined intervention in primary care patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP) is unclear.


METHODS
A total of 442 patients with CWP (meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria) were randomized to receive 6 months of TCBT, graded exercise, combined intervention, or treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome, using a 7-point patient global assessment scale of change in health since trial enrollment (range: very much worse to very much better), was assessed at baseline and 6 months (intervention end) and 9 months after randomization. A positive outcome was defined as "much better" or "very much better." Data were analyzed using logistic regression according to the intention-to-treat principle.


RESULTS
The percentages reporting a positive outcome at 6 and 9 months, respectively, were TAU group, 8% and 8%; TCBT group, 30% and 33%; exercise group, 35% and 24%; and combined intervention group, 37% and 37% (P < .001). After adjustment for age, sex, center, and baseline predictors of outcome, active interventions improved outcome compared with TAU: TCBT (6 months: odds ratio [OR], 5.0 [95% CI, 2.0-12.5]; 9 months: OR, 5.4 [95% CI, 2.3-12.8]), exercise (6 months: OR, 6.1 [95% CI, 2.5-15.1]; 9 months: OR, 3.6 [95% CI, 1.5-8.5]), and combined intervention (6 months: OR, 7.1 [95% CI, 2.9-17.2]; 9 months: OR, 6.2 [95% CI, 2.7-14.4]). At 6 and 9 months, combined intervention was associated with improvements in the 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire physical component score and a reduction in passive coping strategies. Conclusions on cost-effectiveness were sensitive to missing data.


CONCLUSION
TCBT was associated with substantial, statistically significant, and sustained improvements in patient global assessment.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: ISRCTN67013851.
The holographic principle and the early universe

Abstract A scenario is proposed in which the matter–antimatter asymmetry behaves like a seed for the inflationary phase of the universe. The mechanism which makes this scenario plausible is the holographic principle: this scheme is supported by a good prediction of the number of e-folds. It seems that such a mechanism can only work in the presence of a Hagedorn-like phase transition. The issue of the “graceful exit” can be also naturally accounted for.
Automated Text Summarization In SUMMARIST

SUMMARIST is an attempt to create a robust automated text summarization system, based on the ‘equation’: summarization = topic identification + interpretation + generation. Each of these stages contains several independent modules, many of them trained on large corpora of text. We describe the system’s architecture and provide details of some of its modules.
How dogs hear us: perception of the human voice by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

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Women’s positive perception of transvaginal NOTES surgery

Two decades ago, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was introduced and led to a revolution in modern surgery. Currently MIS procedures are the standard of care for many surgical interventions and patients often seek out surgeons with special training in MIS. Today, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) appears to be on the threshold of another such revolution. We surmise that its advantages are similar to those of other MIS procedures, but there are no associated abdominal wall complications as there are no abdominal incisions. To date, there is no data evaluating women’s perceptions of such a procedure and their willingness to consent to this type of surgical approach. We surveyed 100 women who were given a written description of MIS and NOTES surgery along with a 10-question survey exploring their concerns and opinions regarding transvaginal surgery. The majority of women (68%) indicated that they would want a transvaginal procedure in the future because of decreased risk of hernia and decreased operative pain (90 and 93%, respectively), while only 39% were concerned with the improved cosmesis of NOTES surgery. Of the women polled, nulliparous women and those under age 45 years were significantly more often concerned with how transvaginal surgery may affect healthy sexual life and fertility issues (p < 0.05). Of the women who would not prefer transvaginal surgery, a significant number indicated concerns over infectious issues (p < 0.05). Our study shows that there is considerable public interest in NOTES surgery and women would be receptive to this new surgical technique. Our study highlights a strong need for early reporting of outcomes data to enlighten ourselves, and our patients, about this exciting new technology.
The Role of the Pharmacist in the Treatment of Patients with Infantile Hemangioma Using Propranolol

INTRODUCTION
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign vascular tumors of childhood, with an incidence of 5-10% during the first year of age. Propranolol is considered the first-line treatment for this condition. Potentially there is a high probability of negative results to therapy, because in many countries there are no treatment protocols or propranolol formulations appropriate for the pediatric population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist interventions such as detecting, analyzing, and solving problems presented during treatment with propranolol in patients with IH.


METHODS
An open observational prospective study was performed over 25 months in a group of pediatric patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma treated with propranolol. Pharmacist participation consisted of development of an extemporaneous formulation and counseling the child's parents. At each visit to the pharmacy service, family members were interviewed, detecting and classifying problems related to treatment.


RESULTS
Sixty-three children with IH were treated during the period under review. Patient ages ranged from 3 to 11 months old; 64% were female and 36% were male. Forty-nine problems in 30 patients were detected, principally inadequate dose (18.4%), non-adherence to treatment (16.3%), side effects (14.3%), and wrong administration (14.3%). Of the problems detected, 81.6% were resolved. Interventions by the pharmacist in 27 patients were intensive counseling on adherence to therapy (20%), detection of adverse effects (11.4%), and adjustment of the dose (22.9%). In 95.2% of patients a good response to treatment was obtained compared with 77.2% reported in European studies without pharmacist intervention.


CONCLUSION
It seems that pharmacist participation increases adherence to treatment and reduces the likelihood of adverse effects, allowing for safe and effective therapy in patients with IH.
PRISM On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and DSM Performance

The Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) carried by the Advanced Land-Observing Satellite was designed to generate worldwide topographic data with its high-resolution and stereoscopic observation. For this objective, the on-orbit geometric performance of PRISM sensors has been widely assessed and calibrated since the launch in January 2006 as an activity of the calibration and validation team of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Earth Observation Research Center. This ongoing activity has generated various geometric performance data over two and a half years of on-orbit operation. A suite of geometric model parameters was calibrated to express the geometric characteristics of the PRISM sensors. These include static interior parameters (charge-coupled device camera parameters) and dynamic exterior parameters (orbit data, attitude data, and sensor alignment). The interior parameters were calibrated using test-field self-calibration with test sites of dense ground control points (GCPs). The exterior parameters were calibrated by adaptive orientation with test sites of worldwide GCPs. These parameters are correlated to the direct geolocation accuracy of the PRISM sensors and are monitored and validated to maintain performance. The performance of the digital surface model (DSM) derived from these geometric model parameters was analyzed. The detailed characteristics of the triangulation results were analyzed by GCPs, and the height accuracy was evaluated based on comparisons with high-accuracy high-resolution reference DSM data sets derived from Lidar and aerial photo matching of various terrain features.
Interdicting nuclear material on cargo containers using knapsack problem models

This paper introduces a framework for screening cargo containers for nuclear material at security stations throughout the United States using knapsack problem, reliability, and Bayesian probability models. The approach investigates how to define a system alarm given a set of screening devices, and hence, designs and analyzes next-generation security system architectures. Containers that yield a system alarm undergo secondary screening, where more effective and intrusive screening devices are used to further examine containers for nuclear and radiological material. It is assumed that there is a budget for performing secondary screening on containers that yield a system alarm. This paper explores the relationships and tradeoffs between prescreening, secondary screening costs, and the efficacy of radiation detectors. The key contribution of this analysis is that it provides a risk-based framework for determining how to define a system alarm for screening cargo containers given limited screening resources. The analysis suggests that highly accurate prescreening is the most important factor for effective screening, particularly when screening tests are highly dependent, and that moderately accurate prescreening may not be an improvement over treating all cargo containers the same. Moreover, it indicates that screening tests with high true alarm rates may mitigate some of the risk associated with low prescreening intelligence.
Strain-Dependent Variations in Stress Coping Behavior Are Mediated by a 5-HT/GABA Interaction within the Prefrontal Corticolimbic System

BACKGROUND
Serotonin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission is crucial in coping strategies.


METHODS
Here, using mice from 2 inbred strains widely exploited in behavioral neurochemistry, we investigated whether serotonin transmission in medial prefrontal cortex and GABA in basolateral amygdala determine strain-dependent liability to stress response and differences in coping.


RESULTS
C57BL/6J mice displayed greater immobility in the forced swimming test, higher serotonin outflow in medial prefrontal cortex, higher GABA outflow in basolateral amygdala induced by stress, and higher serotonin 1A receptor levels in medial prefrontal cortex accompanied by lower GABAb receptor levels in basolateral amygdala than DBA/2J mice. In assessing whether serotonin in medial prefrontal cortex determines GABA functioning in response to stress and passive coping behavior in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, we observed that selective prefrontal serotonin depletion in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J reduced stress-induced GABA outflow in basolateral amygdala and immobility in the forced swimming test.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that strain-dependent prefrontal corticolimbic serotonin/GABA regulation determines the strain differences in stress-coping behavior in the forced swimming test and point to a role of a specific neuronal system in genetic susceptibility to stress that opens up new prospects for innovative therapies for stress disorders.
Fracture behavior of metal oxide/silver nanowire composite electrodes under cyclic bending

Abstract The mechanical responses under cyclic bending of Ag nanowire composite electrodes coated with various metal oxide films of different thicknesses were explored, in an attempt to evaluate their applicability to flexible transparent electrodes. Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and TiO 2 films were deposited onto Ag nanowire electrodes by atomic layer deposition at a low temperature of 100 °C, and cyclic bending tests with in situ resistance measurements were conducted for up to 300,000 cycles. Thicker metal oxide films resulted in greater increases in the resistances of the composite electrodes under cyclic bending due to the reduced fracture strength of the films. Regardless of the type of metal oxide, however, similar tendencies were observed in the resistance changes in response to cyclic bending. It was found that the critical thickness calculation based on the Griffith theory for the evaluation of the brittle-to-ductile transition was not applicable to the metal oxide/Ag nanowire composite electrodes. By correlating the mechanical, ambient, and thermal reliability test results with those of optoelectrical property evaluations, the optimal thickness of Al 2 O 3 film, as a representative metal oxide film, was determined to be 3–5 nm for Ag nanowire composite flexible transparent electrodes.
Cooperative path planner for UAVs using ACO algorithm with Gaussian distribution functions

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are remote controlled or autonomous air vehicles. An UAV can be equipped with various types of sensors to perform life rescue missions or it can be armed with weapons to carry out stealthy attack missions. With the unmanned nature of UAVs, a mission can be taken in any hostile environment without risking the life of pilots. Among life rescue missions, the common objective is often defined as maximizing the total coverage area of the UAVs with the limited resources. When the number of UAVs increases, coordination among these UAVs becomes very complicated even for experienced pilots. In this paper, a cooperative path planner for UAVs is proposed. The path of each UAV is represented by a B-spline curve with a number of control points. The positions of these control points are optimized using an ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) such that the total coverage of the UAVs is maximized.
[Effectiveness of pentoxifylline and of bio-electromagnetic therapy in lower limb obliterative arterial disease].

INTRODUCTION
There are limited therapeutic options to improve microcirculation.


AIM
The question of the study was to investigate any potential beneficial effect of bio-electro-magnetic-regulation therapy on microcirculation in patients suffering from obliterative peripheral arterial disease including the circulation of lower extremities, as well as intermittent claudication.


METHOD
Thirty patients suffering from obliterative peripheral arterial disease (Fontaine IIa and IIb) were recruited. The first step of the study was to determine the pain free and maximal walking distance with a treadmill unit. After the placebo period patients received 8 and 20 minutes bio-electro-magnetic-regulation treatment 16 times. After the treatment the pain free and maximal walking distance were measured again. In the second stage of the study the patients were treated by pentoxifylline infusions.


RESULTS
Bio-electro-magnetic-regulation treatment increased the pain free period by 57.4% (p = 0.005) and the maximal walking distance by 36.6% (p = 0.042). The two forms of therapy together increased the pain free and maximal walking distance by 81.9% and by 84.0%, respectively. The combined therapy was very effective in contrast to placebo and bio-electro-magnetic-regulation treatment (p = 0.000373 and p = 0.00741, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
The bio-electro-magnetic-regulation therapy mainly affected the microvessels and pentoxifylline therapy rather had beneficial effects on hemorheology. The clinical effectiveness of combined therapy was good or excellent in 70% of patients.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral lactate and other metabolites in stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can measure in vivo brain lactate and other metabolites noninvasively. We measured the biochemical changes accompanying stroke in 16 human subjects with cortical or deep cerebral infarcts within the first 3 weeks after symptom onset, and performed follow-up studies on six.


METHODS
One-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging encompassing the infarct region was performed with a 2.1-T whole-body magnet using the stimulated echo pulse sequence and an echo time of 270 msec.


RESULTS
All but one of the cortical stroke patients had increased lactate within or near the infarct. Persistently elevated cerebral lactate was documented in five of six cases studied serially as long as 251 days after infarction. N-acetylaspartate levels were decreased in most cortical strokes. Elevated lactate, accompanied by minimal reduction in N-acetylaspartate, was recorded in two of four patients in the first week following a small subcortical infarct.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term elevation of lactate commonly occurs after stroke. This lactate may arise from ongoing ischemia or infiltrating leukocytes, or it may be a residual of the lactate formed during the initial insult. The ability to observe stroke-elevated lactate pools at any time after lesion onset provides an approach to distinguishing among these possibilities in the future.