LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation of Influence of Process Parameters on Cutting Tool Chatter

Cutting tool chatter, a relative movement between the cutting tool and work piece during machining is an important parameter which influences the cutting tool life and the surface finish of the machined part. Further the chatter will be influenced by self-excitation of the cutting tool, tool tip temperature and several controlled parameters such as process parameters including depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. In the present study, the experimentation was carried out to investigate the influence of cutting tool chatter on surface roughness during the machining of mild steel material with Carbide insert cutting tool under different combinations of process parameters. The experimental work was carried out on a conventional lathe under different combinations of process parameters designed through 3k factorial design. The cutting tool chatter was captured with the help of tri-axial accelerometer, mounted on the cutting tool through a four channel FFT analyser and NVGate 9.10 software. The surface roughness of the machined part was measured with the help of Mitutoyo SJ-201 instrument. The combined effects of process parameters and surface roughness on cutting tool chatter were analysed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tool. Keywords—Cutting tool chatter, Surface roughness, Tri-axial accelerometer, FFT analyser, ANOVA
Improving parenting skills for families of young children in pediatric settings: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE
Disruptive behavior disorders, such as attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, are common and stable throughout childhood. These disorders cause long-term morbidity but benefit from early intervention. While symptoms are often evident before preschool, few children receive appropriate treatment during this period. Group parent training, such as the Incredible Years program, has been shown to be effective in improving parenting strategies and reducing children's disruptive behaviors. Because they already monitor young children's behavior and development, primary care pediatricians are in a good position to intervene early when indicated.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of parent-training groups delivered to parents of toddlers in pediatric primary care settings.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 11 diverse pediatric practices in the Greater Boston area. A total of 273 parents of children between 2 and 4 years old who acknowledged disruptive behaviors on a 20-item checklist were included.


INTERVENTION
A 10-week Incredible Years parent-training group co-led by a research clinician and a pediatric staff member.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Self-reports and structured videotaped observations of parent and child behaviors conducted prior to, immediately after, and 12 months after the intervention.


RESULTS
A total of 150 parents were randomly assigned to the intervention or the waiting-list group. An additional 123 parents were assigned to receive intervention without a randomly selected comparison group. Compared with the waiting-list group, greater improvement was observed in both intervention groups (P < .05). No differences were observed between the randomized and the nonrandomized intervention groups.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Self-reports and structured observations provided evidence of improvements in parenting practices and child disruptive behaviors that were attributable to participation in the Incredible Years groups. This study demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of parent-training groups conducted in pediatric office settings to reduce disruptive behavior in toddlers.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00402857.
Dynamic properties and liquefaction potential of soils

Design of geotechnical engineering problems that involve dynamic loading of soils and soil–structure interaction systems requires the determination of two important parameters, the shear modulus and the damping of the soils. The recent developments in the numerical analyses for the nonlinear dynamic responses of grounds due to strong earthquake motions have increased the demand for the dynamic soil properties corresponding to large strain level also. Further, the most common cause of ground failure during earthquakes is the liquefaction phenomenon which has produced severe damage all over the world. This paper summarizes the methods of determining the dynamic properties as well as potential for liquefaction of soils. Parameters affecting the dynamic properties and liquefaction have been brought out. A simple procedure of obtaining the dynamic properties of layered ground has been highlighted. Results of a series of cyclic triaxial tests on liquefiable sands collected from the sites close to the Sabarmati river belt have been presented.
Distributed multi-agent algorithm for residential energy management in smart grids

Distributed renewable power generators, such as solar cells and wind turbines are difficult to predict, making the demand-supply problem more complex than in the traditional energy production scenario. They also introduce bidirectional energy flows in the low-voltage power grid, possibly causing voltage violations and grid instabilities. In this article we describe a distributed algorithm for residential energy management in smart power grids. This algorithm consists of a market-oriented multi-agent system using virtual energy prices, levels of renewable energy in the real-time production mix, and historical price information, to achieve a shifting of loads to periods with a high production of renewable energy. Evaluations in our smart grid simulator for three scenarios show that the designed algorithm is capable of improving the self consumption of renewable energy in a residential area and reducing the average and peak loads for externally supplied power.
Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression.

BACKGROUND
Although clinicians frequently add a second medication to an initial, ineffective antidepressant drug, no randomized controlled trial has compared the efficacy of this approach.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 565 adult outpatients who had nonpsychotic major depressive disorder without remission despite a mean of 11.9 weeks of citalopram therapy (mean final dose, 55 mg per day) to receive sustained-release bupropion (at a dose of up to 400 mg per day) as augmentation and 286 to receive buspirone (at a dose of up to 60 mg per day) as augmentation. The primary outcome of remission of symptoms was defined as a score of 7 or less on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) at the end of this study; scores were obtained over the telephone by raters blinded to treatment assignment. The 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology--Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16) was used to determine the secondary outcomes of remission (defined as a score of less than 6 at the end of this study) and response (a reduction in baseline scores of 50 percent or more).


RESULTS
The sustained-release bupropion group and the buspirone group had similar rates of HRSD-17 remission (29.7 percent and 30.1 percent, respectively), QIDS-SR-16 remission (39.0 percent and 32.9 percent), and QIDS-SR-16 response (31.8 percent and 26.9 percent). Sustained-release bupropion, however, was associated with a greater reduction (from baseline to the end of this study) in QIDS-SR-16 scores than was buspirone (25.3 percent vs. 17.1 percent, P<0.04), a lower QIDS-SR-16 score at the end of this study (8.0 vs. 9.1, P<0.02), and a lower dropout rate due to intolerance (12.5 percent vs. 20.6 percent, P<0.009).


CONCLUSIONS
Augmentation of citalopram with either sustained-release bupropion or buspirone appears to be useful in actual clinical settings. Augmentation with sustained-release bupropion does have certain advantages, including a greater reduction in the number and severity of symptoms and fewer side effects and adverse events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00021528.).
Ethics of Belief

The broad question asked under the heading “Ethics of Belief” is: What ought one believe? An ethics of belief attempts to uncover the norms that guide belief formation and maintenance. The dominant view among contemporary philosophers is that evidential norms do; I should always follow my evidence and only believe when the evidence is sufficient to support my belief. This view is called “evidentialism,” although, as we shall see, this term gets applied to a number of views that can be distinguished from one another. Evidentialists often cite David Hume (1999: 110) as their historic exemplar who said “a wise man … proportions his beliefs to the evidence” and thus argued against the reasonableness of believing in miracles (see Hume, David; Wisdom). Those who argue that there can be good practical reasons for believing, independent of one's evidence, can turn for inspiration to Blaise Pascal (1966: 124), who argued that the best reason to form a belief in God was a practical one, namely the possibility of avoiding eternal suffering (see Reasons; Reasons for Action, Morality and; Faith). 
 
 
Keywords: 
 
ethics; 
James, William; 
philosophy; 
Williams, Bernard; 
duty and obligation; 
knowledge; 
rationality; 
responsibility
Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning

Two studies are presented to examine the relation of self-compassion to psychological health. Selfcompassion entails being kind and understanding toward oneself in instances of pain or failure rather than being harshly self-critical; perceiving one’s experiences as part of the larger human experience rather than seeing them as isolating; and holding painful thoughts and feelings in mindful awareness rather than over-identifying with them. Study 1 found that self-compassion (unlike self-esteem) helps buVer against anxiety when faced with an ego-threat in a laboratory setting. Self-compassion was also linked to connected versus separate language use when writing about weaknesses. Study 2 found that increases in self-compassion occurring over a one-month interval were associated with increased psychological well-being, and that therapist ratings of self-compassion were signiWcantly correlated with selfreports of self-compassion. Self-compassion is a potentially important, measurable quality that oVers a conceptual alternative to Western, more egocentric concepts of self-related processes and feelings. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Case Report: Induced Lactation in a Transgender Woman

Objective: Our report describes a case of nonpuerperal induced lactation in a transgender woman. Methods: We present the relevant clinical and laboratory findings, along with a review of the relevant literature. Results: A 30-year-old transgender woman who had been receiving feminizing hormone therapy for the past 6 years presented to our clinic with the goal of being able to breastfeed her adopted infant. After implementing a regimen of domperidone, estradiol, progesterone, and breast pumping, she was able to achieve sufficient breast milk volume to be the sole source of nourishment for her child for 6 weeks. This case illustrates that, in some circumstances, modest but functional lactation can be induced in transgender women.
Validating UML Models and OCL Constraints

The UML has been widely accepted as a standard for modeling software systems and is supported by a great number of CASE tools. However, UML tools often provide only little support for validating models early during the design stage. Also, there is generally no substantial support for constraints written in the Object Constraint Language (OCL). We present an approach for the validation of UML models and OCL constraints that is based on animation. The USE tool (UMLbased Specification Environment) supports developers in this process. It has an animator for simulating UML models and an OCL interpreter for constraint checking. Snapshots of a running system can be created, inspected, and checked for conformance with the model. As a special case study, we have applied the tool to parts of the UML 1.3 metamodel and its well-formedness rules. The tool enabled a thorough and systematic check of the OCL well-formedness rules in the UML standard.
Assessment of sexual function in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy--a single centre prospective study.

AIM
The main objective was to delineate the rates and clinical course of sexual function and depression in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty-eight male and 90 female radiotherapy-naive outpatients with breast or pelvic cancer completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) or the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) prior to (phase 1), at the end of (phase 2) and 12 months after radiotherapy (phase 3).


RESULTS
Overall, the majority of patients (93.8% of males and 80% of females) experienced intense sexual dysfunction. At presentation, males reported severe erectile dysfunction that was significantly associated with age. However, only in sexual desire was the difference between baseline and phase 3 significant. In females, an improvement was observed in all parameters of FSFI between phase 1 and 3. Females with stage III disease achieved lower scores in almost all parameters of FSFI than those with stage II. Finally, although a quarter of patients reported elevated depression scores, depression was not related to sexual function.


CONCLUSION
A significant proportion of cancer patients experience intense levels of sexual dysfunction and depression throughout radiotherapy and the subsequent year. Pelvic radiotherapy affected sexual function to a higher degree than did breast radiotherapy.
Decreasing adrenergic or sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury using propranolol and clonidine (DASH After TBI Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Severe TBI, defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, increases intracranial pressure and activates the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic hyperactivity after TBI manifests as catecholamine excess, hypertension, abnormal heart rate variability, and agitation, and is associated with poor neuropsychological outcome. Propranolol and clonidine are centrally acting drugs that may decrease sympathetic outflow, brain edema, and agitation. However, there is no prospective randomized evidence available demonstrating the feasibility, outcome benefits, and safety for adrenergic blockade after TBI.


METHODS/DESIGN
The DASH after TBI study is an actively accruing, single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-arm trial, where one group receives centrally acting sympatholytic drugs, propranolol (1 mg intravenously every 6 h for 7 days) and clonidine (0.1 mg per tube every 12 h for 7 days), and the other group, double placebo, within 48 h of severe TBI. The study uses a weighted adaptive minimization randomization with categories of age and Marshall head CT classification. Feasibility will be assessed by ability to provide a neuroradiology read for randomization, by treatment contamination, and by treatment compliance. The primary endpoint is reduction in plasma norepinephrine level as measured on day 8. Secondary endpoints include comprehensive plasma and urine catecholamine levels, heart rate variability, arrhythmia occurrence, infections, agitation measures using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and Agitated Behavior scale, medication use (anti-hypertensive, sedative, analgesic, and antipsychotic), coma-free days, ventilator-free days, length of stay, and mortality. Neuropsychological outcomes will be measured at hospital discharge and at 3 and 12 months. The domains tested will include global executive function, memory, processing speed, visual-spatial, and behavior. Other assessments include the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale and Quality of Life after Brain Injury scale. Safety parameters evaluated will include cardiac complications.


DISCUSSION
The DASH After TBI Study is the first randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial powered to determine feasibility and investigate safety and outcomes associated with adrenergic blockade in patients with severe TBI. If the study results in positive trends, this could provide pilot evidence for a larger multicenter randomized clinical trial. If there is no effect of therapy, this trial would still provide a robust prospective description of sympathetic hyperactivity after TBI.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01322048.
Common carotid artery intima-media thickness: the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study results.

BACKGROUND
Measurement of far wall common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCAIMT) has emerged as a predictor of incident cardiovascular events. The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study was the first large-scale population-based assessment of both CCAIMT and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in 7 Latin American cities; the relationship between CCAIMT and cardiovascular risk markers was assessed in these urban Latin American centers.


METHODS
CARMELA was a cross-sectional, population-based, observational study using stratified, multistage sampling. The participants completed a questionnaire, were evaluated in a clinical visit and underwent carotid ultrasonography. Clinical measurements were obtained by health personnel trained, certified and supervised by CARMELA investigators. Mannheim intima-media thickness consensus guidelines were followed for measurement of CCAIMT.


RESULTS
In all cities and for both sexes, CCAIMT increased with higher age. CCAIMT was greater in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors than in their absence. In all cities, there was a statistically significant linear trend between increasing CCAIMT and a growing number of cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age and sex, metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with increased CCAIMT (p < 0.001 in all cities), as were hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes (p < 0.001 in most cities). By multivariate analysis, hypertension was independently associated with an increase in CCAIMT in all cities (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
CARMELA was the first large-scale population study to provide normal CCAIMT values according to age and sex in urban Latin American populations and to show CCAIMT increases in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome.
Understanding women's attitudes towards wife beating in Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the factors associated with attitudes towards wife beating among women in partnerships in Zimbabwe in order to assist public health practitioners in preventing intimate partner violence (IPV).


METHODS
A nationally representative survey of 5907 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) was conducted in Zimbabwe. Women were asked about their attitudes towards wife beating in five situations. The survey included sociodemographic characteristics, partnership characteristics, and household decision-making.


FINDINGS
Over half of all women in Zimbabwe (53%) believed that wife beating was justified in at least one of the five situations. Respondents were most likely to find wife beating justified if a wife argued with her spouse (36%), neglected her children (33%), or went out without telling her spouse (30%). Among women in partnerships (n=3077), younger age, living in rural areas, lower household wealth, schooling at a lower level than secondary, and lower occupational status were associated with women reporting that wife beating is justified. Women who reported that they make household decisions jointly with their partners were less likely to say that wife beating is justified.


CONCLUSIONS
Zimbabwe has a long way to go in preventing IPV, particularly because the younger generation of women is significantly more likely to believe that wife beating is justified compared with older women. Given the current social and political climate in Zimbabwe, finding means to negotiate rather than settle conflict through violence is essential from the household level to the national level.
Maternal outcomes at 2 years after planned cesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: the international randomized Term Breech Trial.

OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to compare maternal outcomes at 2 years postpartum after planned cesarean section and planned vaginal birth for the singleton fetus in breech presentation at term.


STUDY DESIGN
In selected centers in the Term Breech Trial, mothers completed a structured questionnaire at 2 or more years postpartum to determine their health in the previous 3 to 6 months.


RESULTS
A total of 917 of 1159 (79.1%) mothers from 85 centers completed a follow-up questionnaire at 2 years postpartum. There were no differences between groups in breast feeding, relationship with child or partner, pain, subsequent pregnancy, incontinence, depression, urinary, menstrual or sexual problems, fatigue, or distressing memories of the birth experience. Planned cesarean section was associated with a higher risk of constipation (P = .02).


CONCLUSION
Maternal outcomes at 2 years postpartum are similar after planned cesarean section and planned vaginal birth for the singleton breech fetus at term.
The Axiom Scheme of Acyclic Comprehension

A “new” criterion for set existence is presented, namely, that a set {x | φ} should exist if the multigraph whose nodes are variables in φ and whose edges are occurrences of atomic formulas in φ is acyclic. Formulas with acyclic graphs are stratified in the sense of New Foundations, so consistency of the set theory with weak extensionality and acyclic comprehension follows from the consistency of Jensen’s system NFU . It is much less obvious, but turns out to be the case, that this theory is equivalent to NFU : it appears at first blush that it ought to be weaker. This paper verifies that acyclic comprehension and stratified comprehension are equivalent, by verifying that each axiom in a finite axiomatization of stratified comprehension follows from acyclic comprehension. keywords: New Foundations, NFU, stratification, acyclic AMS Subject Classification Code: 03E70 The first author, who is a neurologist with an amateur interest in mathematical logic, proposed the criterion of acyclic comprehension for existence of sets (originally under another name) as an approach to the historical paradoxes of set theory, and communicated this to the second author. The second author noted that stratified comprehension implies acyclic comprehension, so the scheme of acyclic comprehension is certainly consistent relative to quite weak accepted theories (as the scheme of stratified comprehension is a subtheory of NFU , which was shown to be consistent by R. B. Jensen in [6]). The second author also conjectured that the scheme was very weak (meaning not equivalent to full stratified comprehension). The first author realized that one could attack this problem by attempting to prove all propositions in a finite axiomatization of stratified comprehension (that stratified comprehension is finitely axiomatizable was originally shown in [4], though the axiomatization given there is very unpleasant to work with). Undaunted by the skepticism of the second author, he proceeded to prove that each of the axioms of the finite axiomatization used in the second author’s [5] (adapted to the Wiener ordered pair of [9]) follows from Date: May19th, 2011 – submitted version.