LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Managing Peak Loads by Leasing Cloud Infrastructure Services from a Spot Market

Dedicated computing clusters are typically sized based on an expected average workload over a period of years, rather than on peak workloads, which might exist for relatively short times of weeks or months. Recent work has proposed temporarily adding capacity to dedicated clusters during peak periods, by purchasing additional resources from Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers such as Amazon's EC2. In this paper, we consider the economics of purchasing such resources by taking advantage of new opportunities offered for renting virtual infrastructure such as the spot pricing model introduced by Amazon. Furthermore, we define different provisioning policies and investigate the use of spot instances compared to normal instances in terms of cost savings and total breach time of tasks in the queue.
An Improved Linear-Parabolic Model for Lane Following and Curve Detection

In this paper, we propose a new model for lane tracking and curve detection. We use a linear-parabolic model for each lane boundary, and apply constraints to link both lane boundaries based on the expected geometry of the road. The parabolic part of the model, which fits the far field, is then used to analyze the geometry of the road ahead (straight, right curve or left curve), with applications in driver’s assistance systems and road inspection. Experimental results indicate that introduced geometric constraints result in a more consistent fit if compared to the individual fitting of each lane boundary, and that the parabolic part of the model can be effectively used to keep the driver informed about the geometry of the road in front of him/her.
Can balloon aortic valvuloplasty help determine appropriate transcatheter aortic valve size?

OBJECTIVES
We sought to study the potential role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in sizing the aortic annulus in patients before transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation.


BACKGROUND
Despite clinicians' growing experience with THV procedures, the best method of annulus sizing remains unclear.


METHODS
Twenty-three patients with aortic stenosis (<1.0 cm(2)) who were undergoing surgical valve replacement were enrolled. Pre-operative echocardiographic measurements of the annulus and computed tomography measurements of valve calcium were made. Intraoperatively, a valvuloplasty balloon of known size and inflatable pressure was inserted into the aortic valve and inflated. The development of intraballoon pressure in addition to the nominal inflation pressure (AIBP) reflected the apposition of balloon and valve. Surgical annulus was measured by cylindrical sizers.


RESULTS
In patients with tricuspid valves, AIBP was generated in 11 of 12 patients when the balloon diameter was greater than the surgically measured annulus, regardless of leaflet calcification (2 of 10 patients when balloon < or = surgical annulus). In bicuspid valves, high AIBP ( approximately 1 atm) was encountered with balloons that were within 1 mm of annulus size, and leaflet dehiscence occurred with larger balloons (n = 2 patients). Annulus size was underestimated by transthoracic echocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiogram compared with surgery (p < 0.001): transthoracic echocardiogram = 21.5 +/- 1.8 mm, transesophageal echocardiogram = 22.0 +/- 1.6 mm and surgical = 23.2 +/- 1.9 mm (range 20 to 27 mm, mode 22 mm).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that measuring AIBP during balloon aortic valvuloplasty in tricuspid valves is an important adjunctive measurement of the aortic annulus and may help in determining the appropriate THV size.
Taguchi method and ANOVA: An approach for process parameters optimization of hard machining while machining hardened steel

In this paper, Taguchi method is applied to find optimum process parameters for end milling while hard machining of hardened steel. A L 18 array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to study performance characteristics of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and width of cut) with consideration of surface finish and tool life. Chipping and adhesion are observed to be main causes of wear. Results obtained by Taguchi method match closely with ANOVA and cutting speed is most influencing parameter. Multiple regression equations are formulated for estimating predicted values of surface roughness and tool wear.
Lorenzo Magnani: Abductive Cognition: The Epistemological and Eco-Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning

My aim is to combine philosophical, logical, cognitive, eco-cognitive, neurological, and computational issues, while also discussing some cases of reasoning in everyday settings, in expert inferences, and in science. The main thesis is that abduction is a basic kind of human cognition, not only helpful in delineating the first principles of a new theory of science, but also extremely useful in the unification of interdisciplinary perspectives, which would otherwise remain fragmented and dispersed, and thus devoid of the necessary philosophical analysis. (p. x)
Changes in the Facial Skeleton With Aging: Implications and Clinical Applications in Facial Rejuvenation

In principle, to achieve the most natural and harmonious rejuvenation of the face, all changes that result from the aging process should be corrected. Traditionally, soft tissue lifting and redraping have constituted the cornerstone of most facial rejuvenation procedures. Changes in the facial skeleton that occur with aging and their impact on facial appearance have not been well appreciated. Accordingly, failure to address changes in the skeletal foundation of the face may limit the potential benefit of any rejuvenation procedure. Correction of the skeletal framework is increasingly viewed as the new frontier in facial rejuvenation. It currently is clear that certain areas of the facial skeleton undergo resorption with aging. Areas with a strong predisposition to resorption include the midface skeleton, particularly the maxilla including the pyriform region of the nose, the superomedial and inferolateral aspects of the orbital rim, and the prejowl area of the mandible. These areas resorb in a specific and predictable manner with aging. The resultant deficiencies of the skeletal foundation contribute to the stigmata of the aging face. In patients with a congenitally weak skeletal structure, the skeleton may be the primary cause for the manifestations of premature aging. These areas should be specifically examined in patients undergoing facial rejuvenation and addressed to obtain superior aesthetic results. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
CYP3A4*1B polymorphism and cancer risk: A HuGE review and meta-analysis

CYP450 3A4 (CYP3A4), encoded by the CYP3A4 gene, is a major enzyme catalyzing the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous agents that may play a role in the etiology of carcinogenesis. Several potentially functional polymorphisms of the CYP3A4 gene have been implicated in cancer risk, but individually published studies have shown inconclusive results. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between CYP3A4*1B (rs2740574 A > G) polymorphism and cancer risk. Eleven studies were included with a total of 3,810 cancer patients and 3,173 healthy controls. We found that the G allele and GG genotype of CYP3A4*1B polymorphism were associated with increased risk of cancers using the fixed effects model (allele model: odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95 %CI: 1.09–1.42, P = 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.77, 95 %CI: 1.30–2.41, P < 0.001; homozygous model: OR = 1.72, 95 %CI: 1.19–2.47, P = 0.004). Subgroup analyses by cancer type showed that the G allele and G carrier (AG + GG) of CYP3A4*1B polymorphism had significant associations with increased risk of prostate cancer, but not with breast cancer, leukemia, or other cancers. With further subgroup analysis based on different ethnicities, the results indicated that the GG genotype of CYP3A4*1B polymorphism might increase the risk of cancer among African populations. However, similar associations were not observed among Caucasian and Asian populations. Results from the current meta-analysis indicate that the G allele and GG genotype of CYP3A4*1B polymorphism might be associated with increased cancer risk, especially for prostate cancer among African populations.
A database of high dynamic range visible and near-infrared multispectral images

Simulation of the imaging pipeline is an important tool for the design and evaluation of imaging systems. One of the most important requirements for an accurate simulation tool is the availability of high quality source scenes. The dynamic range of images depends on multiple elements in the imaging pipeline including the sensor, digital signal processor, display device, etc. High dynamic range (HDR) scene spectral information is critical for an accurate analysis of the effect of these elements on the dynamic range of the displayed image. Also, typical digital imaging sensors are sensitive well beyond the visible range of wavelengths. Spectral information with support across the sensitivity range of the imaging sensor is required for the analysis and design of imaging pipeline elements that are affected by IR energy. Although HDR scene data information with visible and infrared content are available from remote sensing resources, there are scarcity of such imagery representing more conventional everyday scenes. In this paper, we address both these issues and present a method to generate a database of HDR images that represent radiance fields in the visible and near-IR range of the spectrum. The proposed method only uses conventional consumer-grade equipment and is very cost-effective.
Building and evaluating a location-based service recommendation system with a preference adjustment mechanism

The location-based service (LBS) of mobile communication and the personalization of information recommendation are two important trends in the development of electric commerce. However, many previous researches have only emphasized on one of the two trends. In this paper, we integrate the application of LBS with recommendation technologies to present a location-based service recommendation model (LBSRM) and design a prototype system to simulate and measure the validity of LBSRM. Due to the accumulation and variation of preference, in the recommendation model we conduct an adaptive method including long-term and short-term preference adjustment to enhance the result of recommendation. Research results show, with the assessments of relative index, the rate of recommendation precision could be 85.48%. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Difference between adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers in the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limbs and trunk during pitching motion.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences between adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the trunk and lower limbs during the pitching motion. The subjects were thirty-two adolescent baseball pitchers aged 12-15 years (APG) and thirty collegiate baseball pitchers aged 18-22 years (CPG). Three-dimensional motion analysis with a comprehensive lower-extremity model was used to evaluate kinematic and kinetic parameters during baseball pitching. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using two multicomponent force plates. The joint torques of hip, knee, and ankle were calculated by the inverse-dynamics computation of musculoskeletal human models using motion-capture data. To eliminate any effect of variation in body size, kinetic and GRFs data were normalized by dividing them by body mass. The velocity of a pitched ball was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in CPG (35.2 ± 1.9 m·s(-1)) than in the APG (30.7 ± 2.7 m·s(-1)). Most kinematic parameters for the lower limbs were similar between the CPG and the APG. Maximum Fy (toward the throwing direction) on the pivot leg and Fy and resultant forces on the stride leg at ball release were significantly greater in the CPG than in the APG (p < 0.05). Hip and knee joint torques on the lower limbs were significantly greater in the CPG than in the APG (p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the kinematics of lower limbs during baseball pitching are similar between adolescent and collegiate pitchers, but the momentum of the lower limbs during pitching is lower in adolescent pitchers than in collegiate ones, even when the difference in body mass is considered. Key pointsCollegiate baseball pitchers can generate the hip and knee joint torques on the pivot leg for accelerating the body forward.Collegiate baseball pitchers can generate the hip and knee joint torques to control/stabilize the stride leg in order to increase momentum on the stride leg during the arm acceleration phase.The kinematics of the lower limbs during baseball pitching are similar between adolescent and collegiate pitchers, but the momentum of the lower limbs during pitching is lower in adolescent pitchers than in collegiate ones, even when the difference in body mass is considered.Adolescent baseball pitchers cannot generate the hip and knee joint torques in the pivot and stride leg for transfer of the energy of trunk and the arm.
Robust line extraction based on repeated segment directions on image contours

This paper describes a new line segment detection and extraction algorithm for computer vision, image segmentation, and shape recognition applications. This is an important pre processing step in detecting, recognizing and classifying military hardware in images. This algorithm uses a compilation of different image processing steps such as normalization, Gaussian smooth, thresholding, and Laplace edge detection to extract edge contours from colour input images. Contours of each connected component are divided into short segments, which are classified by their orientation into nine discrete categories. Straight lines are recognized as the minimal number of such consecutive short segments with the same direction. This solution gives us a surprisingly more accurate, faster and simpler answer with fewer parameters than the widely used Hough Transform algorithm for detecting lines segments among any orientation and location inside images. Its easy implementation, simplicity, speed, the ability to divide an edge into straight line segments using the actual morphology of objects, inclusion of endpoint information, and the use of the OpenCV library are key features and advantages of this solution procedure. The algorithm was tested on several simple shape images as well as real pictures giving more accuracy than the actual procedures based in Hough Transform. This line detection algorithm is robust to image transformations such as rotation, scaling and translation, and to the selection of parameter values.
Watson: Beyond Jeopardy!

Article history: Received 28 May 2012 Accepted 23 June 2012 Available online 7 August 2012 This paper presents a vision for applying the Watson technology to health care and describes the steps needed to adapt and improve performance in a new domain. Specifically, it elaborates upon a vision for an evidence-based clinical decision support system, based on the DeepQA technology, that affords exploration of a broad range of hypotheses and their associated evidence, as well as uncovers missing information that can be used in mixed-initiative dialog. It describes the research challenges, the adaptation approach, and finally reports results on the first steps we have taken toward this goal. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pop-up assembly of a quadrupedal ambulatory MicroRobot

Here we present the design of a 1.27g quadrupedal microrobot manufactured using “Pop-up book MEMS” the first such device capable of locomotion. Implementing popup assembly techniques enables manufacturing of the robot's exoskeleton and drivetrain transmissions from a single 23-layer laminate. Its demonstrated capabilities include payload capacity greater than 1.35g (106% of body mass), maneuverability on flat terrain, and high-speed locomotion up to 37cm/s. Additionally, locomotion performance is compared to a hand-assembled quadruped with similar design parameters. The results demonstrate that the pop-up manufacturing methodology enables more complex mechanisms while simultaneously increasing performance over hand-assembled alternatives.
Private and public schooling in low-income areas of Lagos State, Nigeria: A census and comparative survey

A census and survey of schools in selected poor areas of Lagos State explored the nature and extent of private education, and compared inputs to public and private schooling. Of all schools (71%) were found to be private, with more unregistered private than government and registered private schools. It was estimated that 33% of school children were enrolled in private unregistered schools, and 75% in private schools in general. Teaching activity was found to be considerably higher in private than government schools, and teacher absenteeism was lowest in private schools. Most school inputs showed either comparable levels of provision in government and private schools, or superiority in private schools. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Understanding video interactions in youtube

This paper seeks understanding the user behavior in a social network created essentially by video interactions. We present a characterization of a social network created by the video interactions among users on YouTube, a popular social networking video sharing system. Our results uncover typical user behavioral patterns as well as show evidences of anti-social behavior such as self-promotion and other types of content pollution.
Flexible bow-tie antennas

The Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona State University (ASU) was founded in 2004 as a partnership between academia, industry, and government to collaborate on the development of a new generation of innovative displays and electronic circuits that are flexible, lightweight, low power, and rugged [1]. Due to the increasing need for flexible and lightweight electronic systems, FDC aims to develop materials and structural platforms that allow flexible backplane electronics to be integrated with display components that are economical for mass-production [2]. Currently, FDC is focusing on the incorporation of antenna structures, which can function cooperatively with the other flexible circuit elements. Design of flexible antennas, as a part of flexible electronic circuits, may have a very wide spectrum of applications in military and civilian wireless communication, which can allow people to wear antenna structures instead of carry them. Hence, flexible and fluidic antennas have a great potential [3]. In this paper, the design, fabrication, simulation and measurements of a bow-tie antenna with a flexible substrate is discussed. The antenna is modeled and simulated with Ansoft HFSS, and the simulations are compared with measurements performed in the Electromagnetic Anechoic Chamber (EMAC) at ASU.
Performance metrics in supply chain management

This survey paper starts with a critical analysis of various performance metrics for supply chain management (SCM), used by a specific manufacturing company. Then it summarizes how economic theory treats multiple performance metrics. Actually, the paper proposes to deal with multiple metrics in SCM via the balanced scorecard — which measures customers, internal processes, innovations, and finance. To forecast how the values of these metrics will change — once a supply chain is redesigned — simulation may be used. This paper distinguishes four simulation types for SCM: (i) spreadsheet simulation, (ii) system dynamics, (iii) discrete-event simulation, and (iv) business games. These simulation types may explain the bullwhip effect, predict fill rate values, and educate and train users. Validation of simulation models requires sensitivity analysis; a statistical methodology is proposed. The paper concludes with suggestions for a possible research agenda in SCM. A list with 50 references for further study is included. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2003) 00, 000–000. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601539
Perceived body image in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: correlation of body mass index with the figure rating scale

BACKGROUND
Body mass index (BMI) is often used as an objective surrogate estimate of body fat. Increased BMI is directly associated with an increase in metabolic disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) is a subjective measure of body fat, and self-perceptions of body image conceivably impact the development and treatment of T2DM. This study examined the self-perception of body image to various levels of BMI among those with T2DM.


METHODS
Respondents (n = 13,887) to the US Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) 2006 survey self-reported their weight and height for BMI calculation. On the gender-specific Stunkard FRS, respondents selected the figure most closely resembling their body image. Spearman correlation was computed between perceived body image and BMI for men and women separately. Student's t-test analysis compared the mean BMI differences between respondents with and without T2DM.


RESULTS
Men with T2DM did not significantly differ from men without diabetes mellitus in mean BMI per body image figure except at the extremes in body figures. Women with T2DM had a significantly higher BMI for the same body figure compared with women without diabetes mellitus for most figures (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Individuals, particularly women, with T2DM may differ in their perception of body image compared with those without diabetes mellitus. It is unclear if these perceived differences increase the risk of T2DM, or if the diagnosis of T2DM alters body image perceptions.