LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Lower lip Mucocele with Diode Laser - A Novel Approach

Mucoceles are benign, mucus containing cystic lesions of the minor salivary glands. Most dental literature reports a higher incidence of mucocele in young patients, with trauma being a leading cause. The purpose of this report was to describe a clinical case of a 22 year old female with a 6 mm mucocele on the lower lip treated by a high-intensity diode laser. Diode laser surgery provided satisfactory results, which was rapid, bloodless, and well accepted by patients. Postoperative problems, discomfort, and scarring were minimal. The histopathological report confirmed the presurgical diagnosis. No relapse was observed upto one year after surgery. Annals of Dental Research (2013) 2 Suppl 1, 102-108
Assessing EFL learners ’ interlanguage pragmatic knowledge : Implications for testers and teachers

Studies showed that interlanguage pragmatic knowledge is teachable. The necessity and importance of teaching pragmatics have also been recognized, but still foreign language teachers hesitate to teach pragmatics in their classrooms. The hesitation could be partly attributed to the lack of some valid methods for testing interlanguage pragmatic knowledge. This article explores ways to assess Chinese EFL learners’ pragmatic competence and meanwhile investigates whether learners of different EFL proficiency levels perform differently in pragmatics tests. Results showed that the test methods used in this study were reliable and valid in assessing Chinese EFL Learners’ interlanguage pragmatic knowledge. It is suggested that a combination of elicitation through both native speakers and non-native speakers should be a better and more practical way to construct interlanguage pragmatic test items. The two proficiency groups in this study were shown to differ significantly in terms of their English proficiency, but not on two of the three pragmatics tests, which indicated that the Chinese EFL learners’ interlanguage pragmatic knowledge did not seem to increase substantially with their language proficiency. The findings reconfirmed the importance of teaching pragmatic knowledge to Chinese EFL learners in classrooms. The pedagogical implications and applications for foreign language teachers and testers are also discussed. The paper concludes with the suggestion that EFL teachers should teach pragmatic knowledge in class and include interlanguage pragmatic knowledge in large-scale tests.
On the Unnecessity of Multiple Overlaps in Completion Theorem Proving

Completion Theorem Proving is based on the observation that the task of proving a formula can be transformed into the task of solving a system of equations over a boolean polynomial ring. The latter can be accomplished by means of the completion of a set of rewrite rules obtained from the equational system. The central operation in this completion process is the generation of critical pairs comprising the computation of overlaps on products of atoms. This computation requires weak AC-unification, which is known to be NP-hard. Motivated by the THEOPOGLES system (Muller 1987), we show that Hsiang’s (1985) N-strategy can still be strengthened by precluding multiple overlaps. This results in a drastical reduction of the search space. Moreover, these systems manage with unification in a free theory, which can be performed in linear time. Since this special critical pair generation can be translated into a resolution step, provided the two rules correspond to clauses, our result also amounts to a generalization of Dietrich’s (1986) result on the translation from superposition steps into resolution steps.
Factors associated with toxicity, final dose, and efficacy of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To study factors associated with toxicity, final dose, and efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
Data were used from a randomised clinical 48 week trial on 411 patients with RA all treated with MTX, comparing folates and placebo. Logistic regression was used to study the relation between baseline variables and various dependent factors, including hepatotoxicity (alanine aminotransferase >/=3 x upper limit of normal), MTX withdrawal, final MTX dose >/=15 mg/week, and MTX efficacy.


RESULTS
Addition of folates to MTX treatment was strongly related to the lack of hepatotoxicity. Next to this, high body mass index was related to the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. Prior gastrointestinal (GI) events and younger age were related to the adverse event, diarrhoea. Hepatotoxicity and GI adverse events were the main reason for MTX withdrawal, which in turn was associated with the absence of folate supplementation, body mass index, prior GI events, and female sex. Renal function (creatinine clearance >/=50 ml/min) was not associated with toxicity. Reaching a final dose of MTX of >/=15 mg/week was related to folate supplementation and the absence of prior GI events. Efficacy of MTX treatment was associated with low disease activity at baseline, male sex, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and lower creatinine clearance.


CONCLUSIONS
MTX toxicity, final dose, and efficacy are influenced by folate supplementation. Baseline characteristics predicting the outcome of MTX treatment are mainly prior GI events, body mass index, sex, use of NSAIDs, and creatinine clearance.
Attention Correctness in Neural Image Captioning

of the Thesis Attention Correctness in Neural Image Captioning
SOME OPEN PROBLEMS IN THE THEORY OF INFINITE DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRAS

We will discuss some very old and some new open problems concerning infinite dimensional algebras. All these problems have been inspired by combinatorial group theory. I. The Burnside and Kurosh problems In 1902 W. Burnside formulated his famous problems for torsion groups: (1) let G be a finitely generated torsion group, that is, for an arbitrary element g ∈ G there exists n = n(g) > 1, such that g = 1. Does it imply that G is finite? (2) Let a group G be finitely generated and torsion of bounded degree, that is, there exists n > 1 such that for an arbitrary element g ∈ G g = 1. Does it imply that G is finite? W. Burnside [7] and I. Schur [43] proved (1) for linear groups. The positive answer for (2) is known for n = 2, 3 (W. Burnside, [6]), n = 4 (I. N. Sanov, [42]) and n = 6 (M. Hall, [17]). In 1964 E. S. Golod and I. R. Shafarevich ([12], [13]) constructed a family of infinite finitely generated p–groups (for an arbitrary element g there exists n = n(g) > 1 such that gpn = 1) for an arbitrary prime p. This was a negative answer to the question (1). Other finitely generated torsion groups were constructed by S. V. Alyoshin [1], R. I. Grigorchuk [14], N. Gupta –S. Sidki [16], V. I. Sushchansky [48]. In 1968 P. S. Novikov and S. I. Adian constructed infinite finitely generated groups of bounded odd degree n > 4381. In 1994 S. Ivanov [19] extended this to n = 2, k > 32, so now we can say that the question (2) has negative solution for all sufficiently large n. Remark though that all the counterexamples above are not finitely presented. The following important problem still remains open. Problem 1. Do there exist infinite finitely presented torsion groups? Received October 28, 2006. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 17, 20.
Bandwidth-aware divisible task scheduling for cloud computing

Task scheduling is a fundamental issue in achieving high efficiency in cloud computing. However, it is a big challenge for efficient scheduling algorithm design and implementation (as general scheduling problem is NP-complete). Most existing task-scheduling methods of cloud computing only consider task resource requirements for CPU and memory, without considering bandwidth requirements. In order to obtain better performance, in this paper, we propose a bandwidth-aware algorithm for divisible task scheduling in cloudcomputing environments. A nonlinear programming model for the divisible task-scheduling problem under the bounded multi-port model is presented. By solving this model, the optimized allocation scheme that determines proper number of tasks assigned to each virtual resource node is obtained. On the basis of the optimized allocation scheme, a heuristic algorithm for divisible load scheduling, called bandwidth-aware task-scheduling (BATS) algorithm, is proposed. The performance of algorithm is evaluated using CloudSim toolkit. Experimental result shows that, comparedwith the fair-based task-scheduling algorithm, the bandwidthonly task-scheduling algorithm, and the computation-only task-scheduling algorithm, the proposed algorithm (BATS) has better performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MATLAB ODE Suite

This paper describes mathematical and software developments for a suite of programs for solving ordinary differential equations in Matlab.
Tenofovir DF/emtricitabine and efavirenz combination therapy for HIV infection in patients treated for tuberculosis: the ANRS 129 BKVIR trial.

BACKGROUND
HIV-infected patients with TB need simplified, effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral regimens.


METHODS
The French ANRS 129 BKVIR open trial evaluated the once-daily tenofovir DF/emtricitabine and efavirenz combination, started within 12 weeks after TB treatment initiation, in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients. Success was defined as an HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and TB cure at 48 weeks.


RESULTS
TB was confirmed microbiologically (90%) or histologically (10%) in 69 patients (71% male; median age 43 years; 54% born in Africa). The median time between TB treatment initiation and antiretroviral therapy was 8 weeks (range 1-22 weeks). At baseline, median HIV-1 RNA was 5.4 log10 copies/mL and median CD4 cell count 74 cells/mm(3). In the ITT analysis, combined success at week 48 was achieved in 57/69 patients (83%, 95% CI 74-92). Twelve patients did not achieve virological success, and TB was not cured in one of them. Among the 47 patients who fully adhered to the strategy, the success rate was 96% (95% CI 90-100) and was not affected by low rifampicin and isoniazid serum concentrations. Forty-nine serious adverse events were reported in 31 patients (45%), and 11 led to antiretroviral drug interruption. All adverse events resolved. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome occurred in 23 patients (33%, 95% CI 22-44), and was associated with a low baseline BMI (P = 0.03) and a low haemoglobin level (P = 0.02).


CONCLUSION
These results support the use of tenofovir DF/emtricitabine and efavirenz combination therapy for HIV infection in patients with TB.
Vaccine-Induced IgG Antibodies to V1V2 Regions of Multiple HIV-1 Subtypes Correlate with Decreased Risk of HIV-1 Infection

UNLABELLED
In the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial, IgG antibody (Ab) binding levels to variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 were an inverse correlate of risk of HIV-1 infection. To determine if V1V2-specific Abs cross-react with V1V2 from different HIV-1 subtypes, if the nature of the V1V2 antigen used to asses cross-reactivity influenced infection risk, and to identify immune assays for upcoming HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials, new V1V2-scaffold antigens were designed and tested. Protein scaffold antigens carrying the V1V2 regions from HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D or CRF01_AE were assayed in pilot studies, and six were selected to assess cross-reactive Abs in the plasma from the original RV144 case-control cohort (41 infected vaccinees, 205 frequency-matched uninfected vaccinees, and 40 placebo recipients) using ELISA and a binding Ab multiplex assay. IgG levels to these antigens were assessed as correlates of risk in vaccine recipients using weighted logistic regression models. Levels of Abs reactive with subtype A, B, C and CRF01_AE V1V2-scaffold antigens were all significant inverse correlates of risk (p-values of 0.0008-0.05; estimated odds ratios of 0.53-0.68 per 1 standard deviation increase). Thus, levels of vaccine-induced IgG Abs recognizing V1V2 regions from multiple HIV-1 subtypes, and presented on different scaffolds, constitute inverse correlates of risk for HIV-1 infection in the RV144 vaccine trial. The V1V2 antigens provide a link between RV144 and upcoming HIV-1 vaccine trials, and identify reagents and methods for evaluating V1V2 Abs as possible correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00223080.
SPINS : Security Protocols for Sensor Networks

• Adrian Perrig, Robert Szewczyk, Victor Wen, David Culler, J. D. Tygar. SPINS: Security Protocols for Sensor Networks, Mobicom 2001. • Chris Karlof and David Wagner, Secure Routing in Sensor Networks: Attacks and Countermeasures • Sasha Slijepcevic and Miodrag Potkonjak and Vlasios Tsiatsis and Scott Zimbeck and Mani B. Srivastava. On Communication Security in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks. 11th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises. • Jiejun Kong, Petros Zerfos, Haiyun Luo, Songwu Lu, Lixia Zhang. Providing Robust and Ubiquitous Security Support for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. 9th International Conference on Network Protocols, Nov 2001. • Y.W. Law, S. Dulman, S. Etalle and P. Havinga. Assessing Security-Critical Energy-Efficient Sensor, Department of Computer Science, University of Twente, Technical Report TRCTIT-02-18, Jul 2002. • Anthony D. Wood, John A. Stankovic, Denial of Service in Sensor Networks References
Exploring Two Teacher Education Online Learning Designs: A Classroom of One or Many?.

Online learning is rapidly becoming a permanent feature of higher education. In a preponderance of instances, online learning is designed using conventional educational practices: lecture, grades, group discussion, and the like. Concerns with traditional pedagogy instantiated by course management systems raise questions about the quality of learner’s online experiences. There is a need to reconsider the design of learning opportunities in light of emerging online delivery modes. This study compared learner perceptions of two online courses—one using the more traditional approach capitalizing on the affordances of Blackboard and one using the COPLS one-on-one model (Norton, 2003). Results revealed that both environments were perceived as providing a high quality learning experience. In addition, results point to the importance of self-regulation, the role of the instructor/facilitator/mentor, and the role of the group as factors influencing learners’ perception of the quality of their learning experience, positive aspects of their learning experience, and challenges that influenced their learning experience. (
Intuitive Interaction Applied to Interface Design

Intuitive interaction involves utilising knowledge gained through other products or experience(s). Therefore, products that people use intuitively are those with features they have encountered before. This position has been supported by experimental studies. The findings suggest that relevant past experience is transferable between products, and probably also between contexts, and performance is affected by a person’s level of familiarity with similar technologies. Appearance (shape, size and labelling of features) seems to be the variable that most affects time on task and intuitive uses. Using familiar labels and icons and possibly positions for buttons helps people to use a product quickly and intuitively the first time they encounter it. Three principles have been developed to help designers develop interfaces which are intuitive to use. Principle one; use familiar symbols and/or words for well-known functions, put them in a familiar or expected position and make the function comparable with similar functions users have seen before. Principles one involves utilizing existing features, labels or icons that users have seen before in similar products that perform the same function. This is the simplest level of applying intuitive use. Principle two; make it obvious what less well-known functions will do by using familiar things as metaphors to demonstrate their function. Principle two requires the use of metaphor to make something completely new familiar by relating it to something already existing. Principle three; increase consistency so that function, location and appearance of features are consistent between different parts of the design and throughout each part. Principle three allows users to apply the same knowledge and metaphors across all parts of the interface. The implications and application of these principles are discussed in the context of the design of function, location and appearance of product and interface features. Applying these principles will allow designers to draw on users past experience in order to develop products which facilitate intuitive interaction and ready acceptance of new technologies. Key words; Intuitive interaction, Interface design, Human factors
Skill-based Mission Generation: A Data-driven Temporal Player Modeling Approach

Games often interweave a story and series of skill-based events into a complete sequence---a mission. An automated mission generator for skill-based games is one way to synthesize designer requirements with player differences to create missions tailored to each player. We argue for the need for predictive, data-driven player models that meet the requirements of: (1) predictive power, (2) accounting for temporal changes in player abilities, (3) accuracy in the face of little or missing player data, (4) efficiency with large sets of data, and (5) sufficiency for algorithmic generation. We present a tensor factorization approach to modeling and predicting player performance on skill-based tasks that meets the above requirements and a combinatorial optimization approach to mission generation to interweave an author's preferred story structures and an author's preferred player performance over a mission---a kind of difficulty curve---with modeled player performance.
Risk Factors for Rapid Glaucoma Disease Progression.

PURPOSE
To determine the intraocular and systemic risk factor differences between a cohort of rapid glaucoma disease progressors and nonrapid disease progressors.


DESIGN
Retrospective case-control study.


METHODS
Setting: Five private ophthalmology clinics.


STUDY POPULATION
Forty-eight rapidly progressing eyes (progression ≥1 dB mean deviation [MD]/year) and 486 non-rapidly progressing eyes (progression <1 dB MD/year). Patients were eligible if they had a diagnosis of glaucoma from their ophthalmologist and if they had greater than or equal to 5 Humphrey visual fields (24-2) conducted. Patients were excluded if their sequential visual fields showed an improvement in MD or if they had greater than 5 dB MD variation in between visits. Patients with obvious neurologic fields were excluded.


OBSERVATION PROCEDURE
Clinical and demographic data (age, sex, central corneal thickness [CCT], intraocular pressure [IOP], refraction, medications), as well as medical, surgical, and ocular histories, were collected.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Risk factor differences between the cohorts were measured using the independent t test, Wald χ2, and binomial regression analysis.


RESULTS
Rapid progressors were older, had significantly lower CCT and baseline IOPs, and were more likely to have pseudoexfoliation, disc haemorrhages, ocular medication changes, and IOP-lowering surgery. They also had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular disease and hypotension. Subjects with cardiovascular disease were 2.33 times more likely to develop rapidly progressive glaucoma disease despite significantly lower mean and baseline IOPs.


CONCLUSION
Cardiovascular disease is an important risk factor for rapid glaucoma disease progression irrespective of IOP control.
Flotation Frothers : Review of Their Classifications , Properties and Preparation

The importance of frothers in flotation is widely acknowledged, particularly in terms of their role with respect to bubble size, and the stability and mobility of the froth phase. These factors play a significant role in the kinetic viability of the process, and the overall recovery and the grade that can be achieved from a flotation cell or circuit. About 60 years ago, Wrobel [1] presented a comprehensive review of flotation frothers, their action, properties and structures. However, during recent six decades flotation reagent technology has undergone considerable evolutions and innovations. The aim of the present review is to provide an updated, comprehensive database comprising recent developments in flotation frother technology as well as some historical aspects. Different types of flotation frothers are discussed regarding to their classifications, properties, and preparation methods. New classification schemes have been suggested in parallel with introducing new characterization criteria. New classes of frothers are actually conventional frothers modified by incorporating certain functional “group” or “atoms” into their molecular structure. Like particle surface modifiers, frothers are also influenced by biotechnology, leading to introducing a new class of frothers named as “biofrothers”.
Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE
To assess the relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and diabetic retinopathy.


METHODS
This was a clinic-based cross-sectional study conducted at the Emory Eye Center. A total of 225 subjects were classified into four groups, based on diabetes status and retinopathy findings: no diabetes mellitus (no DM; n=99), diabetes with no background diabetic retinopathy (no BDR; n=42), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR; n=41), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR; n=43). Key exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes and disorders that affect serum IGF-I levels, such as acromegaly. Subjects underwent dilated fundoscopic examination and were tested for hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and serum IGF-I, between December 2009 and March 2010. Serum IGF-I levels were measured using an immunoassay that was calibrated against an international standard.


RESULTS
Between the groups, there were no statistical differences with regards to age, race, or sex. Overall, diabetic subjects had similar serum IGF-I concentrations compared to nondiabetic subjects (117.6 µg/l versus 122.0 µg/l; p=0.497). There was no significant difference between serum IGF-I levels among the study groups (no DM=122.0 µg/l, no BDR=115.4 µg/l, NPDR=118.3 µg/l, PDR=119.1 µg/l; p=0.897). Among the diabetic groups, the mean IGF-I concentration was similar between insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent subjects (116.8 µg/l versus 118.2 µg/l; p=0.876). The univariate analysis of the IGF-I levels demonstrated statistical significance in regard to age (p=0.002, r=-0.20), body mass index (p=0.008, r=-0.18), and race (p=0.040).


CONCLUSIONS
There was no association between serum IGF-I concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in this large cross-sectional study.