LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Engineering Cost Analysis - An Advanced Space Program Technology Coming of Age

Cost analysis can be an engineering tool when the proper data are available. This paper discusses what data are required and shows that the data are available and can be used to make design decisions. FIGURE 1 QUALIFICATION TO TECHNOLOGICALLY "COME OF AGE"
WorldCupinion Experiences with an Android App for Real-Time Opinion Sharing During Soccer World Cup Games

Mobile devices are increasingly used in social networking applications and research. So far, there is little work on real-time emotion or opinion sharing in large loosely coupled user communities. One potential area of application is the assessment of widely broadcasted television (TV) shows. The idea of connecting non-collocated TV viewers via telecommunication technologies is referred to as Social TV. Such systems typically include set-top boxes for supporting the collaboration. In this work the authors investigated whether mobile phones can be used as an additional channel for sharing opinions, emotional responses, and TV-related experiences in real-time. To gain insight into this area, an Android app was developed for giving real-time feedback during soccer games and to create ad hoc fan groups. This paper presents results on rating activity during games and discusses experiences with deploying this app over four weeks during soccer World Cup. In doing so, challenges and opportunities faced are highlighted and an outlook on future work in this area is given. Albrecht Schmidt University of Duisburg-Essen and University of Stuttgart, Germany DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2068-1.ch015
Ultrafast Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Comparative Study of Imaging Protocols during Image-Guided Therapy Procedure

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate two ultrafast cone-beam CT (UF-CBCT) imaging protocols with different acquisition and injection parameters regarding image quality and required contrast media during image-guided hepatic transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).


METHODS
In 80 patients (male: 46, female: 34; mean age: 56.8 years; range: 33-83) UF-CBCT was performed during TACE for intraprocedural guidance. Imaging was performed using two ultrafast CBCT acquisition protocols with different acquisition and injection parameters (imaging protocol 1: acquisition time 2.54 s, and contrast 6 mL with 3 s delay; imaging protocol 2: acquisition time 2.72 s, and contrast 7 mL with 6 s delay). Image evaluation was performed with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Contrast injection volume and dose parameters were compared using values from the literature.


RESULTS
Imaging protocol 2 provided significantly better (P < 0.05) image quality than protocol 1 at the cost of slightly higher contrast load and patient dose. Imaging protocol 1 provided good contrast perfusion but it mostly failed to delineate the tumors (P < 0.05). On the contrary, imaging protocol 2 showed excellent enhancement of hepatic parenchyma, tumor, and feeding vessels.


CONCLUSION
Tumor delineation, visualization of hepatic parenchyma, and feeding vessels are clearly possible using imaging protocol 2 with ultrafast CBCT imaging. A reduction of required contrast volume and patient dose were achieved due to the ultrafast CBCT imaging.
Communication intervention for individuals with Down syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE
A systematic review was conducted to identify effective intervention strategies for communication in individuals with Down syndrome.


METHODS
We updated and extended previous reviews by examining: (1) participant characteristics; (2) study characteristics; (3) characteristics of effective interventions (e.g., strategies and intensity); (4) whether interventions are tailored to the Down syndrome behavior phenotype; and (5) the effectiveness (i.e., percentage nonoverlapping data and Cohen's d) of interventions.


RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies used behavior analytic strategies and produced moderate gains in communication targets. Few interventions were tailored to the needs of the Down syndrome behavior phenotype.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that behavior analytic strategies are a promising approach, and future research should focus on replicating the effects of these interventions with greater methodological rigor.
Iron Status Predicts Treatment Failure and Mortality in Tuberculosis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

BACKGROUND
Experimental data suggest a role for iron in the course of tuberculosis (TB) infection, but there is limited evidence on the potential effects of iron deficiency or iron overload on the progression of TB disease in humans. The aim of the present analysis was to examine the association of iron status with the risk of TB progression and death.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We analyzed plasma samples and data collected as part a randomized micronutrient supplementation trial (not including iron) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected TB patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We prospectively related baseline plasma ferritin concentrations from 705 subjects (362 HIV-infected and 343 HIV-uninfected) to the risk of treatment failure at one month after initiation, TB recurrence and death using binomial and Cox regression analyses. Overall, low (plasma ferritin<30 µg/L) and high (plasma ferritin>150 µg/L for women and>200 µg/L for men) iron status were seen in 9% and 48% of patients, respectively. Compared with normal levels, low plasma ferritin predicted an independent increased risk of treatment failure overall (adjusted RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.52) and of TB recurrence among HIV-infected patients (adjusted RR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.22 to 14.55). High plasma ferritin, independent of C-reactive protein concentrations, was associated with an increased risk of overall mortality (adjusted RR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.95 to 4.67).


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Both iron deficiency and overload exist in TB patients and may contribute to disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Strategies to maintain normal iron status in TB patients could be helpful to reduce TB morbidity and mortality.
Dual-polarized MIMO antenna system for WiFi and LTE wireless access point applications

In this paper, a dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system suitable for indoor wireless access point is proposed. The presented MIMO antenna system consists of two coplanarwaveguide-fed monopole antennas with orthogonally polarized modes. According to the closely spaced structure of the MIMO antenna system, the mutual coupling between the ports is a big challenge. Therefore, a new structure of parasitic element is introduced in order to improve the mutual coupling between the ports. For the purpose of validating the simulated results, the antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured; the comparison of the results shows that there is an acceptable agreement between the measurement and simulation results. The proposed design covers the frequency bands of WiFi (2.4GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (2.3 and 2.5GHz), and Long-Term Evolution (LTE; 1.5 and 2.6GHz) applications with a reflection coefficient less than 10 dB and a mutual coupling coefficient better than 15 dB. The MIMO antenna system provides an envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.15, polarization diversity gain more than 9.985 dB, and quasi-omnidirectional pattern within the expected frequency band. In addition, LTE downlink throughput measurements show that the proposed antenna system delivers data rates close to the theoretical maximum for quadrature phase shift keying, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64-QAM modulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a standardized special root extract from the plant Petasites hybridus as a preventive therapy for migraine.


METHODS
This is a three-arm, parallel-group, randomized trial comparing Petasites extract 75 mg bid, Petasites extract 50 mg bid, or placebo bid in 245 patients with migraine. Eligible patients met International Headache Society criteria for migraine, were ages 18 to 65, and had at least two to six attacks per month over the preceding 3 months. The main outcome measure was the decrease in migraine attack frequency per month calculated as percentage change from baseline over a 4-month treatment period.


RESULTS
Over 4 months of treatment, in the per-protocol analysis, migraine attack frequency was reduced by 48% for Petasites extract 75 mg bid (p = 0.0012 vs placebo), 36% for Petasites extract 50 mg bid (p = 0.127 vs placebo), and 26% for the placebo group. The proportion of patients with a > or =50% reduction in attack frequency after 4 months was 68% for patients in the Petasites extract 75-mg arm and 49% for the placebo arm (p < 0.05). Results were also significant in favor of Petasites 75 mg at 1, 2, and 3 months based on this endpoint. The most frequently reported adverse reactions considered possibly related to treatment were mild gastrointestinal events, predominantly burping.


CONCLUSIONS
Petasites extract 75 mg bid is more effective than placebo and is well tolerated as a preventive therapy for migraine. Petasites 50 mg PO bid was not significantly more effective than placebo on the primary study endpoints.
English to Sanskrit Translator and Synthesizer (ETSTS)

The development of Machine Translation system for ancient language such as Sanskrit language is much more fascinating and challenging task. In the proposed algorithm we integrate traditional dictionary rule based approach for translation which translate source English sentence into target Sanskrit sentence. It has two models Text to Text Translator module and Text to speech synthesizer module. Due to morphological richness of Sanskrit language, this system uses morphological markings to identify Subject, Object, Verb, Preposition, Adjective, Adverb sentences. This paper presents English to Sanskrit approach for translating well-structured English sentences into well-structured Sanskrit sentences. Keywords— Bilingual dictionary, Formant Synthesizer, Natural language processing, Machine translation, Parser, Rule based dictionary approach, Synthesizer, Translator.
Penile fractures: immediate surgical approach with a midline ventral incision.

OBJECTIVES
To present our experience with immediate surgical treatment of penile fractures, using a midline ventral incision, as the choice of either immediate surgical or conservative treatment in penile fractures, as well as the type of surgical incision, remains controversial.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In a period of 5 years (2002-2006) eight patients were treated in our department for a penile fracture. The diagnosis was established by a history and clinical examination. In six patients ultrasonography before surgery located the fracture in the right corpus cavernosum, distally from the penoscrotal junction. All patients had immediate surgery using a midline ventral incision and were followed for a mean of 1 year.


RESULTS
All patients presented with a penile haematoma, while five and two had concomitant scrotal and perineal haematomas, respectively. Penile urethral rupture was associated with corporal cavernosal rupture in one patient. In all patients a 5-cm midline ventral incision was made at the penile raphe. There was unilateral rupture of the corpus cavernosum in seven patients and bilateral rupture with concomitant urethral rupture in one. The fascial defect was sutured in all patients and an end-to-end anastomosis made if there was urethral rupture. The early and late periods after surgery were uneventful. Erectile function was unaffected during the follow-up.


CONCLUSION
Immediate intervention for penile fractures, using a midline ventral incision, achieves good early and late results. Our technique has the advantage of direct access to both corpora cavernosa and the anterior urethra, with a minimal skin incision.
Optimized contrast enhancement for real-time image and video dehazing

A fast and optimized dehazing algorithm for hazy images and videos is proposed in this work. Based on the observation that a hazy image exhibits low contrast in general, we restore the hazy image by enhancing its contrast. However, the overcompensation of the degraded contrast may truncate pixel values and cause information loss. Therefore, we formulate a cost function that consists of the contrast term and the information loss term. By minimizing the cost function, the proposed algorithm enhances the contrast and preserves the information optimally. Moreover, we extend the static image dehazing algorithm to real-time video dehazing. We reduce flickering artifacts in a dehazed video sequence by making transmission values temporally coherent. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively removes haze and is sufficiently fast for real-time dehazing applications. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Performance appraisal and performance management: 100 years of progress?

We review 100 years of research on performance appraisal and performance management, highlighting the articles published in JAP, but including significant work from other journals as well. We discuss trends in eight substantive areas: (1) scale formats, (2) criteria for evaluating ratings, (3) training, (4) reactions to appraisal, (5) purpose of rating, (6) rating sources, (7) demographic differences in ratings, and (8) cognitive processes, and discuss what we have learned from research in each area. We also focus on trends during the heyday of performance appraisal research in JAP (1970-2000), noting which were more productive and which potentially hampered progress. Our overall conclusion is that JAP's role in this literature has not been to propose models and new ideas, but has been primarily to test ideas and models proposed elsewhere. Nonetheless, we conclude that the papers published in JAP made important contribution to the filed by addressing many of the critical questions raised by others. We also suggest several areas for future research, especially research focusing on performance management. (PsycINFO Database Record
Limit Orders, Depth, and Volatility: Evidence from the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong

We investigate the role of limit orders in the liquidity provision in a pure orderdriven market. Results show that market depth rises subsequent to an increase in transitory volatility, and transitory volatility declines subsequent to an increase in market depth. We also examine how transitory volatility affects the mix between limit orders and market orders. When transitory volatility arises from the ask ~bid! side, investors will submit more limit sell ~buy! orders than market sell ~buy! orders. This result is consistent with the existence of limit-order traders who enter the market and place orders when liquidity is needed. INTEREST IN LIMIT-ORDER TRADING has grown rapidly in recent years as it plays a vital role in the liquidity provision in the world’s stock exchanges of different market architectures. In an order-driven market, such as the Paris Bourse or the Tokyo Stock Exchange, all liquidity is provided by limit orders submitted by natural buyers and sellers.1 In a specialist market, such as the New York Stock Exchange ~NYSE!, a substantial amount of the liquidity is supplied by public limit orders. For example, Harris and Hasbrouck ~1996! document that 54 percent of SuperDot orders are limit orders, and Ross, Shapiro, and Smith ~1996! report that limit orders account for 65 percent ~75 percent! of all executed orders ~executed shares!. Even in a dealership market, such as Nasdaq or London’s SEAQ International, some forms of limit-order trading have been introduced in recent years.2 * Ahn is from Sookmyung Women’s University; Bae and Chan are from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. We are grateful to an anonymous referee, René Stulz ~the editor!, Warren Bailey, Hyuk Choe, Thierry Foucault, Ira Horowitz, Jun-Koo Kang, Michael Melvin, Jonathan Moulton, and seminar participants at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology for their helpful comments. We thank Karen Lam of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong for her description of the exchange trading system. We also thank Sandra Moore for editorial assistance. Ahn gratefully acknowledges financial support from the City University of Hong Kong Strategic Grant ~No. 7000892!. Any remaining errors are our own. 1 See Lehmann and Modest ~1994! and Hamao and Hasbrouck ~1995! for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and Biais, Hillion, and Spatt ~1995! for the Paris Bourse. 2 Nasdaq market makers are now required to display customer limit orders. The London market uses an electronic order book for smaller orders while large orders are still routed through a dealership mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LVI, NO. 2 • APRIL 2001
Direct Design of Pharmaceutical Antisolvent Crystallization through Concentration Control

Recent advances in in situ measurement technology and automation of batch crystallizers have enabled the development of batch crystallization recipes in which the desired supersaturation profile is followed by feedback control. This paper describes a new approach for following supersaturation setpoints for antisolvent crystallizations that is easy to implement for the tried crystallization. Simulations and application to a proprietary drug compound demonstrate how this combination of automation and in process measurements enables the rapid development of batch crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical industry.
Fuzzy logic controller optimized by particle swarm optimization for DC motor speed control

In this paper, we presented an optimized fuzzy logic controller using particle swarm optimization for DC motor speed control. The controller model is simulated using MATLAB software and also experimentally tested on a laboratory DC motor. A comparison of the performance of different controllers such as PID controller, fuzzy logic controller and optimized fuzzy logic controller is presented as well. With reference to the results of digital simulations and experiment, the designed FLC-PSO speed controller obtains much better dynamic behavior compared to PID and the normal FLC designed. Moreover, it can acquire superior performance of the DC motor, and also perfect speed tracking with no overshoot. The optimized membership functions (MFs) are obviously proved to be able to provide a better performance and higher robustness in comparison with a regular fuzzy model, when the MFs were heuristically defined. Besides, experimental results verify the ability of proposed FLC under sudden change of the load torque which leads to speed variances.
Improved backing-off for M-gram language modeling

Tn stochastic language modeling, backing-off is a widely used method to cope with the sparse data problem. In case of unseen events this method backs off to a less spe­ cific distribution. In this paper we propose to use dis­ tributions which are especially optimized for the task of backing-off. Two different theoretical derivations lead to distributions which are quite different from the prob­ ability distributions that are usually used for backing­ off. Experiments show an improvement of about 10% in terms of perplexity and 5% in terms of word error rate.
Non-conscious bias in medical decision making: what can be done to reduce it?

CONTEXT
Non-conscious stereotyping and prejudice contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Contemporary training in cultural competence is insufficient to reduce these problems because even educated, culturally sensitive, egalitarian individuals can activate and use their biases without being aware they are doing so. However, these problems can be reduced by workshops and learning modules that focus on the psychology of non-conscious bias. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF NON-CONSCIOUS BIAS: Research in social psychology shows that over time stereotypes and prejudices become invisible to those who rely on them. Automatic categorisation of an individual as a member of a social group can unconsciously trigger the thoughts (stereotypes) and feelings (prejudices) associated with that group, even if these reactions are explicitly denied and rejected. This implies that, when activated, implicit negative attitudes and stereotypes shape how medical professionals evaluate and interact with minority group patients. This creates differential diagnosis and treatment, makes minority group patients uncomfortable and discourages them from seeking or complying with treatment.


PITFALLS IN CULTURAL COMPETENCE TRAINING
Cultural competence training involves teaching students to use race and ethnicity to diagnose and treat minority group patients, but to avoid stereotyping them by over-generalising cultural knowledge to individuals. However, the Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards do not specify how these goals should be accomplished and psychological research shows that common approaches like stereotype suppression are ineffective for reducing non-conscious bias. To effectively address bias in health care, training in cultural competence should incorporate research on the psychology of non-conscious stereotyping and prejudice.


TRAINING IN IMPLICIT BIAS ENHANCES CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Workshops or other learning modules that help medical professionals learn about non-conscious processes can provide them with skills that reduce bias when they interact with minority group patients. Examples of such skills in action include automatically activating egalitarian goals, looking for common identities and counter-stereotypical information, and taking the perspective of the minority group patient.
On the mechanism of asymmetric aluminum particle combustion

The results of an experimental study of the combustion of single aluminum particles in N2/O2, Ar/O2, and He/O2 gas mixtures, and in pure O2 are presented and interpreted. This research focuses on identifying conditions under which asymmetric combustion of the aluminum particles develops. It also illustrates the relationship between aluminum particle combustion behavior and particle internal and surface structure and composition. The experimental technique used in this work is based on a micro-arc generator of monodisperse metal droplets and has been previously employed for metal particle combustion experiments. Liquid aluminum particles of 90 and 250 mm diameter were produced and ignited in a transparent chamber containing controlled gas atmospheres. The burning times, radiation histories, and color temperatures of the free falling particles were measured using optical sensors. Partially burned particles were rapidly quenched and their surfaces and interiors were examined by electron microscopy. It was found that brightness oscillations indicative of asymmetric particle burning developed reproducibly in the N2/O2 gas mixtures, consistent with the previous observations. Similar brightness oscillations developed occasionally in both Ar/O2 and He/O2 mixtures. Oxide caps were found on the surface of particles burning in all the environments; however the size of the oxide caps detected on the particles quenched in the Ar/O2 and He/O2 mixtures was markedly smaller than that found in the N2/O2 gas mixtures. Dissolved oxygen was detected in the interiors of all the partially burned particles independent of the gas environment in which the particles burned. A qualitative mechanism of diffusive oxygen transport to the surface of burning aluminum particles is discussed in which a higher rate of oxygen transport is expected in the N2/O2, as compared to the Ar/O2 and He/O2 gas mixtures, due to production of significant amounts of NO. © 1999 by The Combustion Institute