LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of imaging for multifocal-multicentric breast carcinoma

This retrospective study aims to determine: 1) the sensitivity of preoperative mammography (Mx) and ultrasound (US), and re-reviewed Mx to detect multifocal multicentric breast carcinoma (MMBC), defined by pathology on surgical specimens, and 2) to analyze the characteristics of both detected and undetected foci on Mx and US. Three experienced breast radiologists re-reviewed, independently, digital mammography of 97 women with MMBC pathologically diagnosed on surgical specimens. The radiologists were informed of all neoplastic foci, and blinded to the original mammograms and US reports. With regards to Mx, they considered the breast density, number of foci, the Mx characteristics of the lesions and their BI-RADS classification. For US, they considered size of the lesions, BI-RADS classification and US pattern and lesion characteristics. According to the histological size, the lesions were classified as: index cancer, 2nd lesion, 3rd lesion, and 4th lesion. Any pathologically identified malignant foci not previously described in the original imaging reports, were defined as undetected or missed lesions. Sensitivity was calculated for Mx, US and re-reviewed Mx for detecting the presence of the index cancer as well as additional satellite lesions. Pathological examination revealed 13 multifocal and 84 multicentric cancers with a total of 303 malignant foci (282 invasive and 21 non invasive). Original Mx and US reports had an overall sensitivity of 45.5% and 52.9%, respectively. Mx detected 83/97 index cancers with a sensitivity of 85.6%. The number of lesions undetected by original Mx was 165/303. The Mx pattern of breasts with undetected lesions were: fatty in 3 (1.8%); scattered fibroglandular density in 40 (24.3%), heterogeneously dense in 91 (55.1%) and dense in 31 (18.8%) cases. In breasts with an almost entirely fatty pattern, Mx sensitivity was 100%, while in fibroglandular or dense pattern it was reduced to 45.5%. Re-reviewed Mx detected only 3 additional lesions. The sensitivity of Mx was affected by the presence of dense breast tissue which obscured lesions or by an incorrect interpretation of suspicious findings. US detected 73/80 index cancers (sensitivity of 91.2%), US missed 117 malignant foci with a mean tumor diameter of 6.5 mm; the sensitivity was 52.9% Undetected lesions by US were those smallest in size and present in fatty breast or in the presence of microcalcifications without a visible mass. US sensitivity was affected by the presence of fatty tissue or by the extent of calcification. Mx missed MMBC malignant foci more often in dense or fibroglandular breasts. US missed small lesions in mainly fatty breasts or when there were only microcalcifications. The combined sensitivity of both techniques to assess MMBC was 58%. We suggest larger studies on multimodality imaging.
Practice-linked online personal health records for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Web-based personal health records (PHRs) have been advocated as a means to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) care. However, few Web-based systems are linked directly to the electronic medical record (EMR) used by physicians.


METHODS
We randomized 11 primary care practices. Intervention practices received access to a DM-specific PHR that imported clinical and medications data, provided patient-tailored decision support, and enabled the patient to author a "Diabetes Care Plan" for electronic submission to their physician prior to upcoming appointments. Active control practices received a PHR to update and submit family history and health maintenance information. All patients attending these practices were encouraged to sign up for online access.


RESULTS
We enrolled 244 patients with DM (37% of the eligible population with registered online access, 4% of the overall population of patients with DM). Study participants were younger (mean age, 56.1 years vs 60.3 years; P < .001) and lived in higher-income neighborhoods (median income, $53,784 vs $49,713; P < .001) but had similar baseline glycemic control compared with nonparticipants. More patients in the intervention arm had their DM treatment regimens adjusted (53% vs 15%; P < .001) compared with active controls. However, there were no significant differences in risk factor control between study arms after 1 year (P = .53).


CONCLUSIONS
Previsit use of online PHR linked to the EMR increased rates of DM-related medication adjustment. Low rates of online patient account registration and good baseline control among participants limited the intervention's impact on overall risk factor control.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00251875.
Improving Direct-Mapped Cache Performance by the Addition of a Small Fully-Associative Cache and Prefetch Buffers

Projections of computer technology forecast processors with peak performance of 1,000 MIPS in the relatively near future. These processors could easily lose half or more of their performance in the memory hierarchy if the hierarchy design is based on conventional caching techniques. This paper presents hardware techniques to improve the performance of caches. Miss caching places a small fully-associative cache between a cache and its refill path. Misses in the cache that hit in the miss cache have only a one cycle miss penalty, as opposed to a many cycle miss penalty without the miss cache. Small miss caches of 2 to 5 entries are shown to be very effective in removing mapping conflict misses in first-level direct-mapped caches. Victim caching is an improvement to miss caching that loads the small fully-associative cache with the victim of a miss and not the requested line. Small victim caches of 1 to 5 entries are even more effective at removing conflict misses than miss caching. Stream buffers prefetch cache lines starting at a cache miss address. The prefetched data is placed in the buffer and not in the cache. Stream buffers are useful in removing capacity and compulsory cache misses, as well as some instruction cache conflict misses. Stream buffers are more effective than previously investigated prefetch techniques at using the next slower level in the memory hierarchy when it is pipelined. An extension to the basic stream buffer, called multi-way stream buffers, is introduced. Multi-way stream buffers are useful for prefetching along multiple intertwined data reference streams. Together, victim caches and stream buffers reduce the miss rate of the first level in the cache hierarchy by a factor of two to three on a set of six large benchmarks. Copyright  1990 Digital Equipment Corporation
Flexible job-shop scheduling with parallel variable neighborhood search algorithm

Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is an extension of the classical job-shop scheduling problem. FJSP is NP-hard and mainly presents two difficulties. The first one is to assign each operation to a machine out of a set of capable machines, and the second one deals with sequencing the assigned operations on the machines. This paper proposes a parallel variable neighborhood search (PVNS) algorithm that solves the FJSP to minimize makespan time. Parallelization in this algorithm is based on the application of multiple independent searches increasing the exploration in the search space. The proposed PVNS uses various neighborhood structures which carry the responsibility of making changes in assignment and sequencing of operations for generating neighboring solutions. The results obtained from the computational study have shown that the proposed algorithm is a viable and effective approach for the FJSP. 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Hesitant Fuzzy Worth: An innovative ranking methodology for hesitant fuzzy subsets

We introduce a novel methodology for ranking hesitant fuzzy sets. It builds on a recent, theoretically sound contribution in Social Choice. In order to justify the applicability of such analysis, we develop two real implementations: (i) new metarankings of world academic institutions that build on real data from three reputed agencies, and (ii) a new procedure for improving teaching performance assessments which we illustrate with real data collected by ourselves. These applications provide new grounds for the theoretical model by hesitant fuzzy sets.
Effects of interprofessional education for medical and nursing students: enablers, barriers and expectations for optimizing future interprofessional collaboration – a qualitative study

Background
To ensure high quality patient care an effective interprofessional collaboration between healthcare professionals is required. Interprofessional education (IPE) has a positive impact on team work in daily health care practice. Nevertheless, there are various challenges for sustainable implementation of IPE. To identify enablers and barriers of IPE for medical and nursing students as well as to specify impacts of IPE for both professions, the 'Cooperative academical regional evidence-based Nursing Study in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania' (Care-N Study M-V) was conducted. The aim is to explore, how IPE has to be designed and implemented in medical and nursing training programs to optimize students' impact for IPC.


Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using the Delphi method and included 25 experts. Experts were selected by following inclusion criteria: (a) ability to answer every research question, one question particularly competent, (b) interdisciplinarity, (c) sustainability and (d) status. They were purposely sampled. Recruitment was based on existing collaborations and a web based search.


Results
The experts find more enablers than barriers for IPE between medical and nursing students. Four primary arguments for IPE were mentioned: (1) development and promotion of interprofessional thinking and acting, (2) acquirement of shared knowledge, (3) promotion of beneficial information and knowledge exchange, and (4) promotion of mutual understanding. Major barriers of IPE are the coordination and harmonization of the curricula of the two professions. With respect to the effects of IPE for IPC, experts mentioned possible improvements on (a) patient level and (b) professional level. Experts expect an improved patient-centered care based on better mutual understanding and coordinated cooperation in interprofessional health care teams. To sustainably implement IPE for medical and nursing students, IPE needs endorsement by both, medical and nursing faculties.


Conclusion
In conclusion, IPE promotes interprofessional cooperation between the medical and the nursing profession. Skills in interprofessional communication and roles understanding will be primary preconditions to improve collaborative patient-centered care. The impact of IPE for patients and caregivers as well as for both professions now needs to be more specifically analysed in prospective intervention studies.
Human Safety Mechanisms of Human-Friendly Robots: Passive Viscoelastic Trunk and Passively Movable Base

We would like to give robots the ability to secure human safety in human-robot collisions capable of arising in our living and working environments. However, unfortunately, not much attention has been paid to the technologies of human robot symbiosis to date because almost all robots have been designed and constructed on the assumption that the robots are physically separated from humans. A robot with a new concept will be required to deal with human-robot contact. In this article, we propose a passively movable human-friendly robot that consists of an elastic material-covered manipulator, passive compliant trunk, and passively movable base. The compliant trunk is equipped with springs and dampers, and the passively movable base is constrained by friction developed between the contact surface of the base and the ground. During unexpected collisions, the trunk and base passively move in response to the produced collision force. We describe the validity of the movable base and compliant trunk for collision force suppression, and it is demonstrated in several collision situations. KEY WORDS—passive viscoelastic trunk, passive base, collision force suppression, compliance ellipsoid, redundancy
Trajectories of target reaching arm movements in individuals with spinal cord injury: Effect of external trunk support

Design: Deficits in trunk control due to spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to slower target-reaching movements of the hand. We investigated whether the movement path is also affected, and whether providing external support for the trunk can abolish the kinematic differences.Objective: To compare movement trajectories between individuals with SCI and neurologically normal individuals, with and without external trunk support.Setting: Neural Control/Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.Methods: Five subjects with levels of injury between C7 and T4 were tested 3–8 years post-injury, and compared with five control subjects. Two targets were employed. Trajectories were recorded by a motion-capture system using infrared emitting markers. Peak speed and path curvature were calculated for the fingertip and for the acromion.Results: Compared with control subjects, the subjects with SCI exhibited lower peak speed of the fingertip but not of the acromion, and less straight paths for both. When the trunk was supported externally, the difference in fingertip speed persisted. The support abolished the difference in path curvature for the fingertip but accentuated that for the acromion.Conclusion: The slower hand movements of individuals with SCI are not simply time-scaled versions of those of normal subjects, and the provision of trunk support does not erase the kinematic differences between the reaching movements of the two groups.
A randomized trial of daclatasvir in combination with asunaprevir and beclabuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection.

LB-7. Tarek Hassanein1,⇑ Karen D. Sims Michael Bennett Norman Gitlin Eric Lawitz Tuan Nguyen Lynn Webster Zobair Younossi Howard Schwartz Paul J. Thuluvath 11 non-financial support from AbbVie, Achillion, BioCryst, Biotica, Enanta, Gilead Sciences, Idenix, Janssen, Kadmon, Merck, Novartis, Presidio, Santaris, Theravance, and Vertex. L. Webster has received consulting fees from AcelRx, Acura, AstraZeneca, BioDelivery Sciences International, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, and Collegium. Z. Younossi has received consulting fees from Salix, Janssen, Vertex, Gilead Sciences, Enterome, and Coneatus. P.J. Thuluvath has received research grant support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Vertex, Isai, AbbVie, and Salix, and speaker fees from Gilead Sciences, Onyx, AbbVie, and Bayer. K.D. Sims, B. Rege, N. Zhou, M. Wind-Rotolo, E. Chung, and D.M. Grasela are employees and shareholders of Bristol-Myers Squibb. H. Zhou, F. McPhee, A. Griffies, and D.F. Gardiner are employees of Bristol-Myers Squibb. M. Bennett, N. Gitlin, T. Nguyen, and H. Schwartz have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
What do quantifier particles do

Szabolcsi (2010: Ch 12.5), Szabolcsi (2012), and Szabolcsi, Whang & Zu (2013) outline a program to investigate the compositional semantics of quantifier words. Taking apart someone and everyone and specifying what the quantifier particles and the indeterminate pronoun mean are not daunting tasks. The interesting part of the project begins when we observe that in many languages, the “quantifier particles” also serve as connectives, additive and scalar particles, question markers, existential verbs, and so on, and set out to investigate whether and how the same interpretations of the particles that work well inside the quantifier words extend to those contexts.
Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) Wireless Link with Turbo Coding

Performance of a wireless link is evaluated with turbo coding in the presence of Rayleigh fading with single transmitting antenna and multiple receiving antenna. QAM modulator is considered with maximum likelihood decoding. Performance results show that there is a significant improvement in required signal to noise ratio (SNR) to achieve a given BER. It is found that the system attains a coding gain of 14.5 dB and 13 dB corresponding to two receiving antenna and four receiving antennas respectively over the corresponding uncoded system. Further, there is an improvement in SNR of 6.5 dB for four receiving antennas over two receiving antennas for the turbo coded system. KeywordsDiversity; multipath fading; Rayleigh fading; Turbo coding; Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC); maximum-likelihood detector; multiple antennas.
Informational coping style and depressive symptoms in family decision makers.

BACKGROUND
Overwhelmed family decision makers of chronically critically ill patients must comprehend vital information to make complex treatment decisions that are consistent with patients' preferences. Exploration of informational coping styles of family decision makers may yield evidence for tailored communication practices supporting the psychological and informational needs of family decision makers.


OBJECTIVES
To describe patterns in the demographic characteristics and informational coping styles of family decision makers; to assess differences in informational satisfaction, role stress, and depressive symptoms between family decision makers classified as monitors and as blunters; and to describe the predictive associations between informational coping styles, informational satisfaction, and role stress on depressive symptoms in family decision makers.


METHODS
A secondary data analysis of 210 family decision makers of cognitively impaired patients who required 3 days or more of mechanical ventilation. On enrollment, decision makers completed the abbreviated Miller Behavioral Style Scale to assess informational coping styles, the Critical Care Family Satisfaction Survey's informational subscale to assess informational satisfaction, a single-item measure of role stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale to assess depressive symptoms.


RESULTS
No associations emerged between demographic characteristics and informational coping styles of family decision makers. Monitors had higher depression scores than did blunters. Both information coping style and informational satisfaction influenced depressive symptoms; however, role stress was the most significant predictor.


CONCLUSIONS
Family decision makers classified as monitors were at higher risk for depression than were those who seem to avoid information. Targeting monitors with additional psychological and informational support may mitigate their psychological impairment.
Knowledge transfer between and within alliance partners : Private versus collective benefits of social capital ☆

This article examines the process through which multilevel network structures translate into knowledge acquisition from alliance partners. The degree of knowledge transfer a multidivisional company achieves from its network of alliance partners is determined not only by the organization's external network structure, but also by the structure of relationships among its business units. By distinguishing two perspectives on the distribution of social capital's benefits – private versus collective – this article's approach reconciles the competing views on what types of network structures create social capital, that is, the brokerage and closure views of the social network literature. Private benefits of brokerage and centrality are more beneficial in interfirm networks, whereas collective benefits provided by network closure and low levels of centralization are more beneficial in intrafirm networks. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Is the involvement of opinion leaders in the implementation of research findings a feasible strategy?

BACKGROUND
There is only limited empirical evidence about the effectiveness of opinion leaders as health care change agents.


AIM
To test the feasibility of identifying, and the characteristics of, opinion leaders using a sociometric instrument and a self-designating instrument in different professional groups within the UK National Health Service.


DESIGN
Postal questionnaire survey.


SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
All general practitioners, practice nurses and practice managers in two regions of Scotland. All physicians and surgeons (junior hospital doctors and consultants) and medical and surgical nursing staff in two district general hospitals and one teaching hospital in Scotland, as well as all Scottish obstetric and gynaecology, and oncology consultants.


RESULTS
Using the sociometric instrument, the extent of social networks and potential coverage of the study population in primary and secondary care was highly idiosyncratic. In contrast, relatively complex networks with good coverage rates were observed in both national specialty groups. Identified opinion leaders were more likely to have the expected characteristics of opinion leaders identified from diffusion and social influence theories. Moreover, opinion leaders appeared to be condition-specific. The self-designating instrument identified more opinion leaders, but it was not possible to estimate the extent and structure of social networks or likely coverage by opinion leaders. There was poor agreement in the responses to the sociometric and self-designating instruments.


CONCLUSION
The feasibility of identifying opinion leaders using an off-the-shelf sociometric instrument is variable across different professional groups and settings within the NHS. Whilst it is possible to identify opinion leaders using a self-designating instrument, the effectiveness of such opinion leaders has not been rigorously tested in health care settings. Opinion leaders appear to be monomorphic (different leaders for different issues). Recruitment of opinion leaders is unlikely to be an effective general strategy across all settings and professional groups; the more specialised the group, the more opinion leaders may be a useful strategy.
Gait analysis and machine learning classification on healthy subjects in normal walking

Gait analysis and machine learning classification on healthy subjects in normal walking Tomohiro Shirakawa, Naruhisa Sugiyama, Hiroshi Sato, Kazuki Sakurai & Eri Sato To cite this article: Tomohiro Shirakawa, Naruhisa Sugiyama, Hiroshi Sato, Kazuki Sakurai & Eri Sato (2015): Gait analysis and machine learning classification on healthy subjects in normal walking, International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, DOI: 10.1080/17445760.2015.1044007 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2015.1044007
Challenges Facing Nursing Profession in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, like many areas of the world, is challenged by a nursing shortage. The World Health Organization (2004), reported that there is only 40 nurses for every 10,000 of the Saudi Arabia population. In 2010, it was found that there is a chronic nursing shortage of 30% that is worsened by heavy migration of nurses. The Saudi literature links the shortage in Saudi nurses to socio-cultural factors found to influence the prevailing negative images and perceived low status of nursing. Community image, family disagreement, cultural and communal values, long working hours, mixing with members of the opposite gender, and the worry of not being a "marriageable" prospect were the main reasons why Saudi females did not choose nursing as a career (Miligi & Selim 2013). The Saudi Arabian government has committed enormous resources to improve health care, with the ultimate goal of providing free and accessible healthcare services for every Saudi national and expatriate working within the public sector (Al-Dossary et al., 2008). However, the nursing needs of Saudi Arabia far exceed the supply of Saudi nurses. Despite continued efforts to increase the number of Saudi nurses, by 2010, expatriate nurses still constituted 74% of the total nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia (Ministry of Health Annual Report 2010). In Saudi Arabia, nursing is a less desirable career choice for Saudi nationals in comparison to other professions. There are a number of challenges facing nurse practitioners (Tumulty 2001).