LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Design of the DEFINE trial: determining the EFficacy and tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib.

BACKGROUND
Residual cardiovascular (CV) risk often remains high despite statin therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). New therapies to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are currently being investigated. Anacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor that raises HDL-C and reduces LDL-C when administered alone or with a statin. Adverse effects on blood pressure, electrolytes, and aldosterone levels, seen with another drug in this class, have not been noted in studies of anacetrapib to date.


METHODS
Determining the EFficacy and Tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib (DEFINE) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety profile of anacetrapib in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD risk equivalents (clinical trials.gov NCT00685776). Eligible patients at National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III LDL-C treatment goal on a statin, with or without other lipid-modifying medications, are treated with anacetrapib, 100 mg, or placebo for 18 months, followed by a 3-month, poststudy follow-up. The primary end points are percent change from baseline in LDL-C and the safety and tolerability of anacetrapib. Comprehensive preplanned interim safety analyses will be performed at the 6- and 12-month time points to examine treatment effects on key safety end points, including blood pressure and electrolytes. A preplanned Bayesian analysis will be performed to interpret the CV event distribution, given the limited number of events expected in this study.


RESULTS
A total of 2,757 patients were screened at 153 centers in 20 countries, and 1,623 patients were randomized into the trial. Lipid results, clinical CV events, and safety outcomes from this trial are anticipated in 2010.
Explicit Platform Models for MDA

The main drive for Model-Driven Architecture is that many software applications have to be deployed on a variety of platforms. The way MDA achieves this is by transforming a platform-independent model of the software to a platform-specific model, given a platform model. In current MDA approaches, the model transformations implicitly represent this platform model. Therefore, the number of different target platforms is limited to the number of supported model transformations. We propose a separate platform model, based on description logics, that can can be used to automatically select and configure a number of reusable model transformations for a concrete platform. This platform model can be extended to describe the relevant platform information, including concrete platform instances as well as platform constraints for each model transformation. This separates the model transformation concern from the platform concern and, since the model transformations are no longer limited to targeting one platform, more platforms can be supported with the same set of transformations.
Influence of Mg particle size on the reactivity and superconducting properties of in situ MgB2

Abstract The effects of starting Mg particle size on the reactivity of Mg with B, and on remnant Mg in in situ MgB 2 , and their influence on the superconducting system are studied. Samples were prepared by a powder-in-sealed tube (PIST) method, heat treated at 850 °C for 2 h in air and were characterized using XRD, SEM and magnetization measurements. As the particle size of Mg powder increases, residual Mg increases significantly. The MgB 2 prepared using smaller sized Mg powder does not have any residual Mg and show the best infield critical current density ( J C ( H )).
A flexible neural network for ATM cash demand forecasting

The paper presents an artificial neural network based approach in support of cash demand forecasting for automatic teller machine (ATM). On the start phase a three layer feed-forward neural network was trained using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and historical data sets. Then ANN was retuned every week using the last observations from ATM. The generalization properties of the ANN were improved using regularization term which penalizes large values of the ANN weights. Regularization term was adapted online depending on complexity of relationship between input and output variables. Performed simulation and experimental tests have showed good forecasting capacities of ANN. At current stage the proposed procedure is in the implementing phase for cash management tasks in ATM network. Key-Words: neural networks, automatic teller machine, cash forecasting
An internet-based adolescent depression preventive intervention: study protocol for a randomized control trial

BACKGROUND
The high prevalence of major depressive disorder in adolescents and the low rate of successful treatment highlight a pressing need for accessible, affordable adolescent depression prevention programs. The Internet offers opportunities to provide adolescents with high quality, evidence-based programs without burdening or creating new care delivery systems. Internet-based interventions hold promise, but further research is needed to explore the efficacy of these approaches and ways of integrating emerging technologies for behavioral health into the primary care system.


METHODS/DESIGN
We developed a primary care Internet-based depression prevention intervention, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic and Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT), to evaluate a self-guided, online approach to depression prevention and are conducting a randomized clinical trial comparing CATCH-IT to a general health education Internet intervention. This article documents the research framework and randomized clinical trial design used to evaluate CATCH-IT for adolescents, in order to inform future work in Internet-based adolescent prevention programs. The rationale for this trial is introduced, the current status of the study is reviewed, and potential implications and future directions are discussed.


DISCUSSION
The current protocol represents the only current, systematic approach to connecting at-risk youth with self-directed depression prevention programs in a medical setting. This trial undertakes the complex public health task of identifying at-risk individuals through mass screening of the general primary care population, rather than solely relying on volunteers recruited over the Internet, and the trial design provides measures of both symptomatic and diagnostic clinical outcomes. At the present time, we have enrolled N = 234 adolescents/expected 400 and N = 186 parents/expected 400 in this trial, from N = 6 major health systems. The protocol described here provides a model for a new generation of interventions that blend substantial computer-based instruction with human contact to intervene to prevent mental disorders such as depression. Because of the potential for broad generalizability of this model, the results of this study are important, as they will help develop the guidelines for preventive interventions with youth at-risk for the development of depressive and other mental disorders.


TRIAL REGISTRATION



CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY
NCT01893749 date 6 May 2012.
Energy Taxes as a Signaling Device: An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Preferences

This paper presents an econometric study dealing with household demand in Sweden. The main objective is to empirically examine the differences in consumer reaction to the introduction of, or the change, in environmental taxes. Main focus is on environmental taxes as a signaling device. The hypothesis is that the introduction of an environmental tax provides new information about the properties of the directly taxed goods. This in turn may affect consumer preferences for these goods, hence altering the consumption choice. The result from the econometric analysis shows that all goods have negative own-price elasticities, and positive income elasticities. Concerning the signalling effect of environmental taxes the results are somewhat ambiguous. The tax elasticity for energy goods used for heating seems to be significantly higher than the traditional price elasticity, whereas the opposite seems to be the case for energy goods used for transportation.
Analysis of the Structure of Surgical Activity for a Suturing and Knot-Tying Task.

BACKGROUND
Surgical tasks are performed in a sequence of steps, and technical skill evaluation includes assessing task flow efficiency. Our objective was to describe differences in task flow for expert and novice surgeons for a basic surgical task.


METHODS
We used a hierarchical semantic vocabulary to decompose and annotate maneuvers and gestures for 135 instances of a surgeon's knot performed by 18 surgeons. We compared counts of maneuvers and gestures, and analyzed task flow by skill level.


RESULTS
Experts used fewer gestures to perform the task (26.29; 95% CI = 25.21 to 27.38 for experts vs. 31.30; 95% CI = 29.05 to 33.55 for novices) and made fewer errors in gestures than novices (1.00; 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.39 vs. 2.84; 95% CI = 2.3 to 3.37). Transitions among maneuvers, and among gestures within each maneuver for expert trials were more predictable than novice trials.


CONCLUSIONS
Activity segments and state flow transitions within a basic surgical task differ by surgical skill level, and can be used to provide targeted feedback to surgical trainees.
Classification and type synthesis of 1-DOF remote center of motion mechanisms

Type synthesis of 1-DOF remote center of motion (RCM) mechanisms is the preliminary for research on many multiDOF RCM mechanisms. Since types of existing RCM mechanisms are few, it is necessary to find an efficient way to create more new RCM mechanisms. In this paper, existing 1-DOF RCM mechanisms are first classified, then base on a proposed concept of the planar virtual center (VC) mechanism, which is a more generalized concept than a RCM mechanism, two approaches of type synthesis for 1-DOF RCM mechanisms are addressed. One case is that a 1-DOF parallel or serial–parallel RCM mechanism can be constructed by assembling two planar VC mechanisms; the other case, a VC mechanism can be expanded to a serial–parallel RCM mechanism. Concrete samples are provided accordingly, some of which are new types. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T-KVM : A Trusted architecture for KVM ARM v 7 and v 8 Virtual Machines Securing Virtual Machines by means of KVM , TrustZone , TEE and SELinux

The first market release of Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) v8 System on Chips (SoCs) has created big expectations from smart devices, servers and network equipment vendors, who see compelling advantages in integrating them into their systems. As a consequence software stack deployments for ARMv8 platforms translate market requirements to support OpenStack, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) automotive functions. At the same time, ARMv8 will empower Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and user convergence devices. In this context, virtualization is a key feature to enable the cloud delivery model, to implement multitenancy, to isolate different execution environments and to improve hardware/software standardization and consolidation. Since guaranteeing a strict ownership of both the data and the code executed in Virtual Machines (VMs), which belong to governments, companies, telecom operators and private users, counts more than ever, the security of the hypervisor and its guests has become dramatically important. In this paper, Trusted Kernel-based Virtual Machine (T-KVM), a novel security architecture for the KVM-on-ARM hypervisor, is proposed to satisfy the current market trend. T-KVM integrates software and hardware components to secure guest Operating Systems (OSes) and enable Trusted Computing in ARM virtual machines. The proposed architecture combines four isolation layers: ARM Virtualization and Security Extensions (also known as ARM VE and TrustZone), GlobalPlatform Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) APIs and SELinux Mandatory Access Control (MAC) security policy. The T-KVM architecture can be implemented on platforms based on ARM v7 and v8 architectures, without requiring additional custom hardware extensions, since, starting from Cortex-A15 (ARM v7 architecture) released in 2012, both the ARM VE and TrustZone are made available. In this paper the T-KVM architecture is described in details, as well as its key implementation challenges and system security considerations. Lastly, a performance evaluation of the proposed solution is presented. Keywords–Trusted KVM, KVM Security, ARMv8 Trusted Computing, KVM TrustZone, ARM Virtualization, SELinux, TEE, ARM VMs Security.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Mineral Metabolism After Kidney Transplantation

BACKGROUND
Kidney transplantation corrects or improves many complications of chronic kidney disease, but its impact on disordered mineral metabolism is incompletely understood.


METHODS
We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of 246 kidney transplant recipients in the United States to investigate the evolution of mineral metabolism from pretransplant through the first year after transplantation. Participants were enrolled into 2 strata defined by their pretransplant levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), low PTH (>65 to ≤300 pg/mL; n = 112), and high PTH (>300 pg/mL; n = 134) and underwent repeated, longitudinal testing for mineral metabolites.


RESULTS
The prevalence of posttransplant, persistent hyperparathyroidism (PTH >65 pg/mL) was 89.5%, 86.8%, 83.1%, and 86.2%, at months 3, 6, 9, and 12, respectively, among participants who remained untreated with cinacalcet, vitamin D sterols, or parathyroidectomy. The results did not differ across the low and high PTH strata, and rates of persistent hyperparathyroidism remained higher than 40% when defined using a higher PTH threshold greater than 130 pg/mL. Rates of hypercalcemia peaked at 48% at week 8 in the high PTH stratum and then steadily decreased through month 12. Rates of hypophosphatemia (<2.5 mg/dL) peaked at week 2 and then progressively decreased through month 12. Levels of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 decreased rapidly during the first 3 months after transplantation in both PTH strata and remained less than 40 pg/mL thereafter.


CONCLUSIONS
Persistent hyperparathyroidism is common after kidney transplantation. Further studies should determine if persistent hyperparathyroidism or its treatment influences long-term posttransplantation clinical outcomes.
Wafer-level Cu-Cu bonding technology

0026-2714/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2011.04.016 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: knchen@mail.nctu.edu.tw (K.-N. C Semiconductor industry currently utilizes copper wafer bonding as one of key technologies for 3D integration. This review paper describes both science and technology of copper wafer bonding with regard to present applications. The classification of Cu bonding, bonding mechanisms, process developments, its microstructure evolution, as well as other characterizations are reviewed. Researches about patterned Cu bonding, future prospects, and 3D integration using Cu bonding are discussed in this paper. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ultrawide Bandwidth Umbrella-Shaped Microstrip Monopole Antenna Using Spiral Artificial Magnetic Conductor (SAMC)

The design and characterization of a compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented in this letter. The bases for achieving such an UWB operation are through using semicircular microstrip monopole antenna and introducing a metamaterial as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The AMC reduced antenna size, enhanced antenna gain and bandwidth, and decreased the cross-polarization effect. A spiral artificial magnetic conductor (SAMC) is used as a ground plane with one and four arms to further improve the antenna performance. Furthermore, to reduce surface wave propagation and decrease bandwidth discontinuity, holes surrounding the antenna structure are drilled in the substrate. The new antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of more than 35 GHz with S11 < -10 ± 0.5 dB. The SAMC antenna has a wide frequency range for practical applications ranging from all required wireless communication bands, i.e., GSM 900 MHz, ISM band, Bluetooth, wireless LAN and S-band, to new medical applications. Details of the proposed antenna design are described, and experimental results are presented.
Soil chemical insights provided through vibrational spectroscopy

Vibrational spectroscopy techniques provide a powerful approach to the study of environmental materials and processes. These multifunctional analytical tools can be used to probe molecular vibrations of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples for characterizing materials, elucidating reaction mechanisms, and examining kinetic processes. Although Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is the most prominent type of vibrational spectroscopy used in the field of soil science, applications of Raman spectroscopy to study environmental samples continue to increase. The ability of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies to provide complementary information for organic and inorganic materials makes them ideal approaches for soil science research. In addition, the ability to conduct in situ, real time, vibrational spectroscopy experiments to probe biogeochemical processes at mineral interfaces offers unique and versatile methodologies for revealing a myriad of soil chemical phenomena. This review provides a comprehensive overview of vibrational spectroscopy techniques and highlights many of the applications of their use in soil chemistry research.
Integration Of Industrial Water Management Into The Engineering Classroom

As environmental regulations increase and get stricter, green engineering novel solutions become more appealing to industry. Green engineering approaches look into obtaining new designs/methods that are environmentally benign and also economically profitable. This paper presents a pollution prevention class module that focus on water/wastewater management. Its primary objective is to provide the engineering students with a series of tools to design optimal industrial water networks. Introduction Water is a key element for the normal functioning of the chemical and petrochemical industry. Steam stripping, liquid-liquid extraction and washing operations are among the many processes present in refineries and chemical plants where water is intensively utilized. Several procedures have been proposed to design economical wastewater treatment. With a few exceptions, these procedures rely on the application of certain rules of thumb. The current installations usually merge several waste streams and use appropriate technologies in series to clean this stream before disposal. These are therefore, end-of-pipe non-distributed wastewater cleanup solutions. Several papers discuss these options. Belhateche (1995) offers a complete discussion of these technologies. Starting in the eighties and increasingly in the nineties, water re-use started to become popular as means of reducing the total amount of water intake. This, in turn, not only saves upstream treatment of raw water but also reduces wastewater treatment costs. In addition, the concept of distributing the treatment among the various polluted streams and even decentralizing it is gaining acceptance. Industry and the EPA in the US are also seriously considering and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of zero-liquid discharge solutions as the ultimate goal of green water utilization in process plants. † To whom correspondence show be addressed. ‡ University of Oklahoma. Norman, OK. Email: bagajewicz@ou.edu P ge 580.1 Until a few years ago, the problem of water treatment was considered as a set of sequential treatment operations of a single wastewater stream consisting of the wastewater from all unit operations (desalters, strippers, etc). At the same time, without the concept of wastewater reuse, these processes are fed by freshwater only. Such a system is depicted for three water user processes (Pi) and three treatment units (Ti) in Figure 1a. One way of obtaining improved designs is the reuse of wastewater from one process to feed another without sending it to treatment first. This reduces the cost because the overall water intake is smaller (figure 1b). The next step is to introduce a series/parallel designs of the wastewater treatment unit without merging all the wastewater streams (figure 1c). Finally, treatment can be decentralized in such a way that some pollutants are removed from wastewater of selected processes allowing the reuse of these waters (figure 1d). P1 P2 P3 Fresh Water T1 T2 T3 Wastewater Treatment
Phase II study of fazarabine in advanced head and neck cancer

Fazarabine is an analog of the antitumor nucleosides cytosine arabinoside and 5-azacytidine. In the cell, the drug is metabolized to the nucleotide level by deoxycytidine kinase, is incorporated into DNA, and inhibits DNA synthesis and methylation [1-3] . Fazarabine has demonstrated antitumor activity against a wider variety of human tumor xenografts than cytosine arabinoside [4]. In leukemia models, direct comparison revealed that the therapeutic margin of safety for fazarabine was double that for cytosine arabinoside [5]. This phase II trial was designed to study the response and toxicity of fazarabine in advanced head and neck cancer.
Carrier localization in In-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells for green light-emitting diodes

Carrier localization phenomena in indium-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on sapphire and GaN substrates were investigated. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, ultraviolet near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), and confocal time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectroscopy were employed to verify the correlation between carrier localization and crystal quality. From the spatially resolved PL measurements, we observed that the distribution and shape of luminescent clusters, which were known as an outcome of the carrier localization, are strongly affected by the crystalline quality. Spectroscopic analysis of the NSOM signal shows that carrier localization of MQWs with low crystalline quality is different from that of MQWs with high crystalline quality. This interrelation between carrier localization and crystal quality is well supported by confocal TRPL results.
PTS with Non-Uniform Phase Factors for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is one of the effective and uncomplicated PAPR reduction methods for OFDM systems. The phase factors applied in the weighting sequences are assumed to be uniformly distributed within [0, 2pi). By carefully investigating the phase distribution of OFDM signals, we proposed a modified PTS scheme outperforming the conventional PTS scheme in PAPR reduction performance. The process of the proposed scheme is the same as the conventional PTS, except for applying the new non-uniform phase factors. The required side information is the same as the conventional PTS applying uniform phase factors.
Koch’s postulates and infectious proteins

Koch’s postulates were formulated in the late nineteenth century as guidelines for establishing that microbes cause specific diseases. Because the rules were developed for living agents—particularly bacteria—their applicability to inanimate pathogens such as viruses and infectious proteins has been problematic. The unorthodox mechanism by which prion diseases are transmitted, involving specific physicochemical characteristics of the protein as well as susceptibility traits of the host, has made these disorders refractory to analysis within the context of the original Koch’s postulates. In addition, evidence is accumulating that other proteopathies, such as AA amyloidosis, apolipoprotein AII amyloidosis, and cerebral Aβ amyloidosis, can be induced in vulnerable recipients by cognate proteinaceous agents. In light of the salient differences in the mode of disease-transmission by microbes and proteins, we propose modifications of Koch’s postulates that will specifically accommodate presumed infectious proteins.