LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and clinical implications.

PURPOSE
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits the detection of diffuse and focal bone marrow infiltration in the absence of osteopenia or focal osteolysis on standard metastatic bone surveys (MBSs).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Both baseline MBS and MRI were available in 611 of 668 myeloma patients who were treated uniformly with a tandem autologous transplantation-based protocol and were evaluated to determine their respective merits for disease staging, response assessment, and outcome prediction.


RESULTS
MRI detected focal lesions (FLs) in 74% and MBS in 56% of imaged anatomic sites; 52% of 267 patients with normal MBS results and 20% of 160 with normal MRI results had FL on MRI and MBS, respectively. MRI- but not MBS-defined FL independently affected survival. Cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) and more than seven FLs on MRI (MRI-FLs) distinguished three risk groups: 5-year survival was 76% in the absence of both more than seven MRI-FLs and CA (n = 276), 61% in the presence of one MRI-FL (n = 262), and 37% in the presence of both unfavorable parameters (n = 67). MRI-FL correlated with low albumin and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine, but did not correlate with age, beta-2-microglobulin, and CA. Resolution of MRI-FL, occurring in 60% of cases and not seen with MBS-defined FL, conferred superior survival.


CONCLUSION
MRI is a more powerful tool for detection of FLs than is MBS. MRI-FL number had independent prognostic implications; additionally, MRI-FL resolution identified a subgroup with superior survival. We therefore recommend that, in addition to MBS, MRI be used routinely for staging, prognosis, and response assessment in myeloma.
A low-energy-dense diet adding fruit reduces weight and energy intake in women

This study evaluated the effect of adding fruit or oats to the diet of free-living women on energy consumption and body weight. Fruit and oat cookies had the same amount of fiber and total calories ( approximately 200 kcal), but differed in energy density. We analyzed data from a clinical trial conducted in a primary care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty-nine women, ages ranging from 30 to 50 years, with body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2, were randomly chosen to add three apples (0.63 kcal/g energy density) or three pears (0.64 kcal/g energy density) or three oat cookies (3.7 kcal/g energy density) to their usual diet for 10 weeks. Fiber composition was similar ( approximately 6g). Statistical analysis of the repeated measures of dietary composition and body weight were analyzed using mixed model procedures. Results showed a significant decrease in the energy density during the follow-up (-1.23 kcal/g, p<0.04, and -1.29 kcal/g, p<0.05) for apples and pears, respectively, compared to the oat group. The energy intake also decreased significantly (-25.05 and -19.66 kcal/day) for the apple and pear group, respectively, but showed a small increase (+0.93) for the oat group. Apples and pears were also associated (p<0.001) with weight reduction (-0.93 kg for the apple and -0.84 for the pear group), whereas weight was unchanged (+0.21; p=0.35) in the oat group. Results suggest that energy densities of fruits, independent of their fiber amount can reduce energy consumption and body weight over time.
Ball detection in static images with Support Vector Machines for classification

We present a general method for detecting balls in images at the aim of automatically detecting goals during a soccer match. The detector learns the object to detect by using a supervised learning scheme called Support Vector Machines, in which the examples are views of the object. Due to the attitude of the camera with respect to football ground, the system can be thought of as an electronic linesman which helps the referee in establishing the occurrence of a goal during a soccer match. Numerous theoretical and practical issues are addressed in the paper. The first one concerns the determination of negative examples relevant for the problem at hand and the training of a reference classifier in the case of an unbalanced number of positive and negative examples. The second one focuses on the reduction of the computational complexity of the reference classifier during the test phase, without increasing its generalization error. The third issue regards the problem of parameter selection, which is equivalent, in our context, to the problem of selecting, among the classifiers the machine implements, the one having performances similar to the reference classifier. Experimental results on real images show the performances of the proposed detection scheme. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Long-run effects of training programs for the unemployed in East Germany

Long-Run Effects of Training Programs for the Unemployed in East Germany Public sector sponsored training was implemented at a large scale during the transition process in East Germany. Based on new administrative data, we estimate the differential effects of three different programs for East Germany during the transition process. We apply a dynamic multiple treatment approach using matching based on inflows into unemployment. We find positive mediumand long-run employment effects for the largest program, Provision of Specific Professional Skills and Techniques. In contrast, the programs practice firms and retraining show no consistent positive employment effects. Furthermore, no program results in a reduction of benefit recipiency and the effects are quite similar for females and males. JEL Classification: C14, J68, H43
Antioxidative, Anticholinesterase and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of Malaysian Brown and Green Seaweeds

Diminished antioxidant defense or increased production of reactive oxygen species in the biological system can result in oxidative stress which may lead to various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial activation also contributes to the progression of AD by producing several proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to be possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. In addition, the cholinergic hypothesis postulates that memory impairment in patient with AD is also associated with the deficit of cholinergic function in the brain. Although a number of drugs have been approved for the treatment of AD, most of these synthetic drugs have diverse side effects and yield relatively modest benefits. Marine algae have great potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they are valuable sources of bioactive properties such as anticoagulation, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Hence, this study aimed to provide an overview of the properties of Malaysian seaweeds (Padina australis, Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa racemosa) in inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and cholinesterase enzymes. These seaweeds significantly exhibited potent DPPH and moderate superoxide anion radical scavenging ability (P<0.05). Hexane and methanol extracts of S. polycystum exhibited the most potent radical scavenging ability with IC50 values of 0.157±0.004mg/ml and 0.849±0.02mg/ml for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Hexane extract of C. racemosa gave the strongest superoxide radical inhibitory effect (IC50 of 0.386±0.01mg/ml). Most seaweed extracts significantly inhibited the production of cytokine (IL-6, IL-1 β, TNFα) and NO in a concentration-dependent manner without causing significant cytotoxicity to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia cells (P<0.05). All extracts suppressed cytokine and NO level by more than 50% at the concentration of 0.4mg/ml. In addition, C. racemosa and S. polycystum also showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activities with the IC50 values ranging from 0.086-0.115 mg/ml. Moreover, C. racemosa and P. australis were also found to be active against butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values ranging from 0.1180.287 mg/ml. Keywords—Anticholinesterase, antioxidative, neuroinflammation, seaweeds. Siti Aisya Gany and Swee Ching Tan are with the School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (e-mail: aisyagany@gmail.com, sweeching_tan89@yahoo.com). Sook Yee Gan is with School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (corresponding author: phone: 603-27317518; fax: 603-86567228; e-mail: sookyee_gan@imu.edu.my).
[Development and reliability study of the adolescent inhalant use severity scale].

OBJECTIVE
To develop a scale in order to investigate the severity of inhalant use in adolescents and to conduct reliability and validity studies of this scale.


METHOD
A questionnaire was developed by conducting interviews with two groups: professionals working with adolescent inhalant users and inhalant-using adolescents. This questionnaire was developed into a 21-item scale. This was applied by two different interviewers to 50 adolescents at Bakirköy Mental Health Hospital Inhalant Use Research and Treatment Center for Children and Adolescents. Two other professionals applied the Visual Analog Scale to the same 50 adolescents to evaluate the severity of inhalant use. The correlation between the two interviewer scores and the scores obtained from the Visual Analog Scale and the 21-item scale was evaluated. Addicts and non-addicts were evaluated using SCID-I and the scores of addicts and non-addicts were compared. Test re-test reliability of the scale was evaluated by applying the scale in the 10-15 days following the first administration.


RESULTS
The correlation between the questionnaire scores and the Visual Analog Scale scores was adequate (0.72). The mean scores of addicts were higher than those of non-addicts (p<0.001). The Cronbach alpha value was 0.84. Three items had no internal consistency and the same items' interrater and test re-test reliability correlations were low.


CONCLUSION
It is thought that when the 3 inconsistent items are removed the 18-item Yeniden Inhalant Use Severity Scale (YUKUD) is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the severity of inhalant use in adolescents and that it can be used in related research.
MESM and the Beginning of the Computer Era in the Soviet Union

The MESM - Malaya Elektronnaya Schetnaya Mashina (small electronic computing machine) - was the first computer built in the USSR. This history of early Soviet computers examines the technical characteristics of the machines and the background of Soviet computer development
Anticipating annotations and emerging trends in biomedical literature

The BioJournalMonitor is a decision support system for the analysis of trends and topics in the biomedical literature. Its main goal is to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for specific diseases. Several data sources are continuously integrated to provide the user with up-to-date information on current research in this field. State-of-the-art text mining technologies are deployed to provide added value on top of the original content, including named entity detection, relation extraction, classification, clustering, ranking, summarization, and visualization. We present two novel technologies that are related to the analysis of temporal dynamics of text archives and associated ontologies. Currently, the MeSH ontology is used to annotate the scientific articles entering the PubMed database with medical terms. Both the maintenance of the ontology as well as the annotation of new articles is performed largely manually. We describe how probabilistic topic models can be used to annotate recent articles with the most likely MeSH terms. This provides our users with a competitive advantage because, when searching for MeSH terms, articles are found long before they are manually annotated. We further present a study on how to predict the inclusion of new terms in the MeSH ontology. The results suggest that early prediction of emerging trends is possible. The trend ranking functions are deployed in our system to enable interactive searches for the hottest new trends relating to a disease.
Indirect comparison of randomised controlled trials: comparative efficacy of dexlansoprazole vs. esomeprazole in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND
Dexlansoprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with a dual delayed-release system. Both dexlansoprazole and esomeprazole are an enantiomer of lansoprazole and omeprazole respectively. However, there is no head-to-head trial data or indirect comparison analyses between dexlansoprazole and esomeprazole.


AIM
To compare the efficacy of dexlansoprazole with esomeprazole in healing erosive oesophagitis (EO), the maintenance of healed EO and the treatment of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).


METHODS
Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing dexlansoprazole or esomeprazole with either placebo or another PPI were systematically reviewed. Random-effect meta-analyses and adjusted indirect comparisons were conducted to compare the treatment effect of dexlansoprazole and esomeprazole using a common comparator. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.


RESULTS
The indirect comparisons revealed significant differences in symptom control of heartburn in patients with NERD at 4 weeks. Dexlansoprazole 30 mg was more effective than esomeprazole 20 mg or 40 mg (RR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.15-3.51; RR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.39-3.38). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two drugs in EO healing and maintenance of healed EO. Comparison of symptom control in healed EO was not able to be made due to different definitions used in the RCTs.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjusted indirect comparisons based on currently available RCT data suggested significantly better treatment effect in symptom control of heartburn in patients with NERD for dexlansoprazole against esomeprazole. No statistically significant differences were found in other EO outcomes. However, these study findings need to be interpreted with caution due to small number of studies and other limitations.
Fusion of multi-sensor imagery for night vision: color visualization, target learning and search

1 This work was sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, under Air Force Contract F19628-95-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Air Force. 2 Present Address: MCIS Department, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL 36265, U.S.A. Abstract We present methods and results for fusion of imagery from multiple sensors to create a color night vision capability. The fusion system architectures are based on biological models of the spatial and opponentcolor processes in the human retina and visual cortex, implemented as shunting center-surround feed-forward neural networks. Real-time implementation of the dualsensor fusion system combines imagery from either a low-light CCD camera or a short-wave infrared camera, with thermal long-wave infrared imagery. Results are also shown for extensions of this fusion architecture to include imagery from all three of these sensors, Visible/SWIR/LWIR, as well as a four sensor system using Visible/SWIR/MWIR/LWIR cameras. We also demonstrate how results from these multi-sensor fusion systems are used as inputs to an interactive tool for target designation, learning, and search based on a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network.
Low-SAR, Miniaturized Printed Antenna for Mobile, ISM, and WLAN Services

Recently, the mobile handsets support both the mobile and wireless LAN services. Thus, our target is to introduce a new antenna that supports both services. The antenna operates for most of the mobile applications such as the GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS 1800, PCS 1900, UMTS 2100, and most of the LTE bands, especially the low-frequency LTE 700 band. The antenna also supports the WiMAX, wireless local area network (WLAN), and the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands. The antenna not only has a compact size, but also it supports a low specific absorption rate (SAR) radiation at all the operating frequencies. It consists of a monopole, a meander line, and an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure. In order to cover the low frequency bands, a meander line is utilized due to its compact size, but unfortunately it is a narrowband antenna that is difficult to cover both LTE700 and GSM 900 bands. The solution stems from the use of an EBG structure that widens the band to cover the two low frequency bands and to reduce the maximum SAR. The higher frequency bands are supported by both the monopole and the meander line since they acts as traveling-wave antennas at the high frequency bands. The antenna meets three challenging parameters: the compact size, the multiband operation including the low frequency bands, and the low SAR radiation. Good agreement is found between the experimental and the simulated results.
Randomized clinical trial and follow-up study of cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic versus conventional Nissen fundoplication.

BACKGROUND
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has essentially replaced its conventional open counterpart (CNF). An economic evaluation of LNF compared with CNF based on prospective data with adequate follow-up is lacking.


METHODS
Data from two consecutive studies (a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 57 patients undergoing LNF and 46 undergoing CNF that was terminated prematurely, and a follow-up study of 121 consecutive patients with LNF) were combined to determine incremental cost-effectiveness 1 year after surgery.


RESULTS
Mean operating time, reoperation rate and hospital costs of LNF were lower in the second series. The mean overall hospital cost per patient was euro 9126 for LNF and euro 6989 for CNF at 1 year in the initial RCT, and euro 7782 in the second LNF series. The success rate of both LNF and CNF at 1 year was 91 per cent in the RCT, and LNF was successful in 90.1 per cent in the second series. A cost reduction of euro 998 for LNF would cancel out the cost advantage of CNF. Similarly, if the reoperation rate after LNF decreased from 0.05 to below 0.008 and/or if the mean duration of sick leave after LNF was reduced from 67.2 to less than 61.1 days, the procedure would become less expensive than CNF. Complications, reoperation rate and quality of life after both operations were similar.


CONCLUSION
Including reinterventions, the outcome at 1 year after LNF and CNF was similar. In a well organized setting with appropriate expertise, the cost advantage of CNF may be neutralized.
Oral vitamin D 3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people ( Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D , RECORD ) : a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Introduction Low-trauma fractures in elderly people are a substantial and increasing burden of ill health, and those who have a low-trauma fracture are at high risk of another. Low serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are widespread in elderly people in the UK, especially in those with low-trauma fractures. Vitamin D and calcium, alone or in combination, are often recommended for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Inadequate vitamin D status, exacerbated by low calcium intake, might raise the risk of these fractures by increasing bone resorption and loss from secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D might also protect against falls that lead to fracture. Evidence from randomised trials favours the combination of calcium and vitamin D. In this secondary-prevention study we aimed to test whether calcium and vitamin D, alone or in combination compared with placebo, would lead to one less person per 100 having a fracture every year over a median of 3 years. Methods Participants 15 024 people age 70 years or older who had had a lowtrauma, osteoporotic fracture in the previous 10 years were assessed between Feb 1, 1999, and March 31, 2002. The trial was based in 21 hospitals in the UK. Ethics approval was obtained from the Multicentre Research Ethics Committee for Scotland and from the local research ethics committee of each hospital, and participants gave written informed consent. Study nurses identified potential participants from hospital notes of patients seen in a fracture clinic or orthopaedic ward; patients were also recruited by telephone. Reasons for exclusion were: bed or chair bound before fracture; cognitive impairment indicated by an abbreviated mental test score of less than seven; cancer in the past 10 years that was likely to metastasise to bone; fracture associated with pre-existing local bone abnormality; those known to have hypercalcaemia; renal stone in the past 10 years; life expectancy of less than Published online April 28, 2005 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05) 63013-9
A finite difference model For cMUT devices

A finite difference method was implemented to simulate capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) and compared to models described in the literature such as finite element methods. Similar results were obtained. It was found that one master curve described the clamped capacitance. We introduced normalized capacitance versus normalized bias voltage and metallization rate, independent of layer thickness, gap height, and size membrane, leading to the determination of a coupling factor master curve. We present here calculations and measurements of electrical impedance for cMUTs. An electromechanical equivalent circuit was used to perform simulations. Our experimental measurements confirmed the theoretical results in terms of resonance, anti-resonance frequencies, clamped capacitance, and electromechanical coupling factor. Due to inhomogeneity of the tested element array and strong parasitic capacitance between cells, the maximum coupling coefficient value achieved was 0.27. Good agreement with theory was obtained for all findings.
Second order symmetric duality in nondifferentiable multiobjective programming

A pair of Mond-Weir type second order symmetric nondifferentiable multiobjective programs is formulated. Weak, strong and converse duality theorems are established under @h-pseudobonvexity assumptions. Special cases are discussed to show that this paper extends some work appeared in this area.
The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the Reign of George III

Presenting a study of English caricature prints of the late 18th century, this work analyzes the meanings of the prints, applying current perspectives on the 18th century about the roles of women, gender, the alleged rise of consumerism, the growth of political awareness, and class values.
Incremental Exact Min-Cut in Poly-logarithmic Amortized Update Time

We present a deterministic incremental algorithm for exactly maintaining the size of a minimum cut with Õ(1) amortized time per edge insertion and O(1) query time. This result partially answers an open question posed by Thorup [Combinatorica 2007]. It also stays in sharp contrast to a polynomial conditional lower-bound for the fully-dynamic weighted minimum cut problem. Our algorithm is obtained by combining a recent sparsification technique of Kawarabayashi and Thorup [STOC 2015] and an exact incremental algorithm of Henzinger [J. of Algorithm 1997]. We also study space-efficient incremental algorithms for the minimum cut problem. Concretely, we show that there exists an O(n logn/ε2) space Monte-Carlo algorithm that can process a stream of edge insertions starting from an empty graph, and with high probability, the algorithm maintains a (1 + ε)-approximation to the minimum cut. The algorithm has Õ(1) amortized update-time and constant query-time. 1998 ACM Subject Classification G.2.2 Graph Theory