LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and phase separation of (Ti,Zr)C

Abstract Synthesis and phase separation of (Ti,Zr)C were investigated in the present work. The (Ti,Zr)C phase was synthesized at 2200 °C and subsequently aged at 1300 °C for different times. The microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and supplemented by first-principles calculations. The (Ti,Zr)C phase separates into a lamellar nanostructure with alternating Ti- and Zr-rich face-centered cubic domains as well as non-stoichiometric TiC and ZrC. The lamellar structure is a consequence of phase separation within the miscibility gap that is directionally constrained by high coherency stresses, as indicated by the first-principles calculations. Moreover, the increased hardness due to the phase separation suggests that the mixed carbide could be used as a strengthening constituent in, for example, cemented carbides.
Hospitalizations, nursing home admissions, and deaths attributable to diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate all-cause hospitalizations, nursing home admissions, and deaths attributable to diabetes using a new methodology based on longitudinal data for a representative sample of older U.S. adults.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A simulation model, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I Epidemiologic Followup Study, was used to represent the natural history of diabetes and control for a variety of baseline risk factors. The model was applied to 6,265 NHANES III adults aged 45-74 years. The prevalence of risk factors in NHANES III, fielded in 1988-1994, better represents today's adults.


RESULTS
For all NHANES III adults aged 45-74 years, a diagnosis of diabetes accounted for 8.6% of hospitalizations, 12.3% of nursing home admissions, and 10.3% of deaths in 1988-1994. For people with diabetes, diabetes alone was responsible for 43.4% of hospitalizations, 52.1% of nursing home admissions, and 47% of deaths. Adjusting for related cardiovascular conditions, which may provide more accurate estimates of attributable risks for people with diabetes, increased these estimates to 51.4, 57.1, and 56.8%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Risks of institutionalization and death attributable to diabetes are large. Efforts to translate recent trials of primary prevention into practice and continued efforts to prevent complications of diabetes could have a substantial impact on hospitalizations, nursing home admissions, and deaths and their societal costs.
Life Versus Dark Energy : How An Advanced Civilization Could Resist the Accelerating Expansion of the Universe

The presence of dark energy in our universe is causing space to expand at an accelerating rate. As a result, over the next approximately 100 billion years, all stars residing beyond the Local Group will fall beyond the cosmic horizon and become not only unobservable, but entirely inaccessible, thus limiting how much energy could one day be extracted from them. Here, we consider the likely response of a highly advanced civilization to this situation. In particular, we argue that in order to maximize its access to useable energy, a sufficiently advanced civilization would chose to expand rapidly outward, build Dyson Spheres or similar structures around encountered stars, and use the energy that is harnessed to accelerate those stars away from the approaching horizon and toward the center of the civilization. We find that such efforts will be most effective for stars with masses in the range of M ∼ (0.2 − 1)M , and could lead to the harvesting of stars within a region extending out to several tens of Mpc in radius, potentially increasing the total amount of energy that is available to a future civilization by a factor of several thousand. We also discuss the observable signatures of a civilization elsewhere in the universe that is currently in this state of stellar harvesting. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-4127 ar X iv :1 80 6. 05 20 3v 1 [ as tr oph .C O ] 1 3 Ju n 20 18
The effect of website features in online relationship marketing: A case of online hotel booking

The primary objective of this research is to develop a theory-based model of utilitarian and hedonic website features, customer commitment, trust, and e-loyalty in an online hotel booking context. Structural Equation Modeling was deployed to test research hypotheses. Findings highlight the importance of creating loyalty by focusing on both hedonic and utilitarian features. Affective commitment is more influenced by hedonic features whereas calculative commitment is driven by utilitarian ones. Both commitment dimensions sway customers’ trust towards the online vendor and trust is an important antecedent of e-loyalty. Findings confirm that web design features are important for online relationship marketing. Both commitment dimensions were found to be precursors of trust whereas affective commitment is the precursor of e-loyalty. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The automatic creation of concept maps from documents written using morphologically rich languages

Concept map is a graphical tool for representing knowledge. They have been used in many different areas, including education, knowledge management, business and intelligence. Constructing of concept maps manually can be a complex task; an unskilled person may encounter difficulties in determining and positioning concepts relevant to the problem area. An application that recommends concept candidates and their position in a concept map can significantly help the user in that situation. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to automatic and semi-automatic creation of concept maps from textual and nontextual sources. The concept map mining process is defined, and one method suitable for the creation of concept maps from unstructured textual sources in highly inflected languages such as the Croatian language is described in detail. Proposed method uses statistical and data mining techniques enriched with linguistic tools. With minor adjustments, that method can also be used for concept map mining from textual sources in other morphologically rich languages.
Psychometric properties of the HRQOLISP-40: a novel, shortened multiculturally valid holistic stroke measure.

BACKGROUND
A recent review showed that no existing instrument measured the entire spectrum of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in stroke patients. However, the HRQOL in stroke patients (HRQOLISP) questionnaire is valid and exceptionally comprehensive. Founded on a holistic model of human life, it comprises both physical and spiritual spheres. However, its 102-item length may discourage routine use. Therefore, the aim was to determine the psychometric attributes of a shortened version based on a multicultural transnational study.


METHODS
HRQOLISP was administered to 100 stroke patients in Ibadan, 103 in Berlin, and control groups of 100 apparently healthy adults in Ibadan and 50 in Berlin. Analyzing data from both cities, items were reduced to 40. Construct validity of the resulting HRQOLISP-40 was assessed by comparison with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Levity Scale (SLS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey.


RESULTS
In multicultural settings, the HRQOLISP-40 showed good internal consistency (α = .76, .86) and test-retest reliability. It retained its discriminant validity between stroke and healthy participants and demonstrated good "known-groups" validity in its relationship to the SLS, NIHSS, and mRS in the physical sphere. The physical sphere showed good convergent validity with corresponding facets of the SF-36.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite item reduction, the HRQOLISP-40 demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and is valid for routine use and clinical trials in stroke. The relative preservation of the spiritual sphere demonstrated the concept of disability disparity. Its ability to simultaneously assess the physical and spiritual spheres may be beneficial in studies aimed at potentiating internal adaptation in stroke patients.
Blockholders and Corporate Governance

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the channels through which blockholders (large shareholders) engage in corporate governance. In classical models, blockholders exert governance through direct intervention in a firm’s operations, otherwise known as “voice.” These theories have motivated empirical research on the determinants and consequences of activism. More recent models show that blockholders can govern through an alternative mechanism known as “exit”—selling their shares if the manager underperforms. These theories give rise to new empirical studies on the two-way relationship between blockholders and financial markets, linking corporate finance with asset pricing. Blockholders may also worsen governance by extracting private benefits of control or pursuing objectives other than firm value maximization. I highlight the empirical challenges in identifying causal effects of and on blockholders as well as the typical strategies attempted to achieve identification. I close with directions for future research. 23 A nn u. R ev . F in . E co n. 2 01 4. 6: 23 -5 0. D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y U ni ve rs ity o f Pe nn sy lv an ia o n 01 /0 7/ 15 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y.
A PRECISE CALCULATION OF THE FEIGENBAUM CONSTANTS

The Feigenbaum constants arise in the theory of iteration of real functions. We calculate here to high precision the constants a and S associated with period-doubling bifurcations for maps with a single maximum of order z , for 2 < z < 12. Multiple-precision floating-point techniques are used to find a solution of Feigenbaum's functional equation, and hence the constants. 1. History Consider the iteration of the function (1) fßZ(x) = l-p\x\z, z>0; that is, the sequence (2) *(+i =/„,*(*/)> i'=l,2,...; x0 = 0. In 1979 Feigenbaum [8] observed that there exist bifurcations in the set of limit points of (2) (that is, in the set of all points which are the limit of some infinite subsequence) as the parameter p is increased for fixed z. Roughly speaking, if the sequence (2) is asymptotically periodic with period p for a particular parameter value p (that is, there exists a stable p-cycle), then as p is increased, the period will be observed to double, so that a stable 2/>cycle appears. We denote the critical /¿-value at which the 2J cycle first appears by Pj. Feigenbaum also conjectured that there exist certain "universal" scaling constants associated with these bifurcations. Specifically, (3) «5 = lim ZlZJhzi 7-00 pJ+x ftj exists, and ô2 is about 4.669. Similarly, if rf. is the value of the nearest cycle element to 0 in the 2J cycle, then (4) az = lim y;-oo dJ+x exists, and a2 is about -2.503 . Received November 22, 1989; revised September 10, 1990. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 11Y60, 26A18, 39A10, 65Q05. ©1991 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/91 $1.00 + $.25 per page
Interactive effects of land use and other factors on regional bird distributions

Aim We assessed the independent and interactive effects of land use and other factors on regional distributions of lake shore bird assemblages. Location Analyses were restricted to lakes of the northeastern United States (New England, New York, New Jersey). Methods Lake shore bird and habitat data were collected from a regional sample of 186 lakes between 1991 and 1995. Local and regional gradients in environmental attributes of the lakes and their watersheds, and in bird species composition, were characterized using detrended correspondence analysis. Bird assemblages were also characterized with respect to species diversity, total bird abundance, and absolute and proportional abundance for neotropical migrants, omnivores and tree foragers. The assemblage measures were compared with the environmental gradients and with the environmental variables from which those gradients were derived using correlations, linear regression and bivariate plots. Results Anthropogenic variables (e.g. human density) and nonanthropogenic variables (e.g. climate, forest composition, lake productivity) were highly confounded regionally, reflecting the influence of climate and geomorphology on land use and, in turn, the influence of land use on the environment. Moving south along the regional gradient to watersheds with more intensive land use, changes in bird assemblage structure were consistent with anthropogenic effects on the avifauna attributable to forest fragmentation: total bird abundance increased, fragmentation-tolerant species were encountered more frequently, the proportional abundance of omnivores increased and the proportional abundances of tree foragers and neotropical migrants decreased. Bird diversity, as assayed using rarefaction, peaked at an intermediate position along the regional gradient, as did the absolute abundances of tree foragers and migrants. Main conclusions We propose that some community attributes peaked at an inter mediate position along the regional gradient as a result of the interactive effects of land use and other factors on this region’s avifauna, with broad-scale anthropogenic factors constraining assemblages on the urbanized lakes, and climate or other nonanthropogenic factors constraining assemblages on the pristine lakes. Anthropogenic and nonanthropogenic factors of similar scale and magnitude thus acted in concert to shape regional bird distributions.
Porting an Open Information Extraction System from English to German

Many downstream NLP tasks can benefit from Open Information Extraction (Open IE) as a semantic representation. While Open IE systems are available for English, many other languages lack such tools. In this paper, we present a straightforward approach for adapting PropS, a rule-based predicate-argument analysis for English, to a new language, German. With this approach, we quickly obtain an Open IE system for German covering 89% of the English rule set. It yields 1.6 n-ary extractions per sentence at 60% precision, making it comparable to systems for English and readily usable in downstream applications.1
SYMMETRIC FUNCTIONS, FORMAL GROUP LAWS, AND LAZARD'S THEOREM

Abstract Lazard's theorem is a central result in formal group theory; it states that the ring over which the universal formal group law is defined (known as the Lazard ring) is a polynomial algebra over the integers with infinitely many generators. This ring also shows up in algebraic topology as the complex cobordism ring. The main aim of this paper is to show that the polynomial structure of the Lazard ring follows from the polynomial structure of a certain subalgebra of symmetric functions with integer coefficients. The connection between symmetric functions and the Lazard ring is provided by a certain Hopf algebra map from symmetric functions to the covariant bialgebra of a formal group law. We study this map by deriving formulas for the images of certain symmetric functions; in passing, we use this map to prove some symmetric function and Catalan number identities. Based on the above results, we prove Lazard's theorem, and present an application to the construction of certain p -typical formal group laws over the integers. Combinatorial methods play a major role throughout this paper.
Predicting user acceptance of collaborative technologies: An extension of the technology acceptance model for e-learning

Collaborative technologies support group work in project-based environments. In this study, we enhance the technology acceptance model to explain the factors that influence the acceptance of Google Applications for collaborative learning. The enhanced model was empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 136 students enrolled in a full-time degree program that used Google Applications to support project work. According to the research results, determinants of the technology acceptance model are the major factors influencing the adoption of the technology. In addition, the subjective norm represented by peers is found to significantly moderate the relationship between attitude and intention toward the technology. However, our results do not show a significant effect of subjective norms represented by instructors and mass media on students’ intentions to use the technology. The ability to share information in the collaborative learning environment is found to influence intention and behavior toward the Google Applications platform. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Theories on coping with loss: the impact of social support and self-esteem on adjustment to emotional and social loneliness following a partner's death in later life.

OBJECTIVES
This longitudinal study focused on the role of self-esteem and social support in adjustment to loneliness experienced by bereaved elderly persons. This study also examined the contributions of a general and a specific coping theory toward explaining loneliness. A distinction has been made between emotional loneliness and social loneliness/perceived support. The theory of mental incongruity predicts that the presence of more favorable conditions, such as higher self-esteem or more social support, results in less loneliness (i.e., less incongruity). According to the theory of relational loneliness, the partner's death leads to a loss of identity, thus increasing emotional loneliness, and social support does not mitigate emotional loneliness following a loss.


METHODS
In total, 101 participants, aged 55-89 years, were interviewed before and after their partners' deaths.


RESULTS
Findings were ambiguous with regard to both theories. As hypothesized, partner loss lowered self-esteem, resulting in higher emotional loneliness and social loneliness, that is, perception of less support. Supportive personal relations reduced emotional loneliness. The presence of close friends, however, seemed to increase emotional and social loneliness (i.e., decrease perceived support) in the long term, particularly among bereaved participants with lower self-esteem.


DISCUSSION
The findings highlight the need to integrate theoretical concepts. In explaining adjustment to a partner's death, attention should be paid to underlying mechanisms relevant to the restoration process (e.g., identity change) and the ways in which the adjustment process can be improved (e.g., intimate relationships) or impeded (e.g., dependency-sustaining relationships).
Composition and sensory function of the trypanosome flagellar membrane.

A cilium is an extension of the cell that contains an axonemal complex of microtubules and associated proteins bounded by a membrane which is contiguous with the cell body membrane. Cilia may be nonmotile or motile, the latter having additional specific roles in cell or fluid movement. The term flagellum refers to the motile cilium of free-living single cells (e.g. bacteria, archaea, spermatozoa, and protozoa). In eukaryotes, both nonmotile and motile cilia possess sensory functions. The ciliary interior (cilioplasm) is separated from the cytoplasm by a selective barrier that prevents passive diffusion of molecules between the two domains. The sensory functions of cilia reside largely in the membrane and signals generated in the cilium are transduced into a variety of cellular responses. In this review we discuss the structure and biogenesis of the cilium, with special attention to the trypanosome flagellar membrane, its lipid and protein composition and its proposed roles in sensing and signaling.
Scene Text Detection via Holistic, Multi-Channel Prediction

Recently, scene text detection has become an active research topic in computer vision and document analysis, because of its great importance and significant challenge. However, vast majority of the existing methods detect text within local regions, typically through extracting character, word or line level candidates followed by candidate aggregation and false positive elimination, which potentially exclude the effect of wide-scope and long-range contextual cues in the scene. To take full advantage of the rich information available in the whole natural image, we propose to localize text in a holistic manner, by casting scene text detection as a semantic segmentation problem. The proposed algorithm directly runs on full images and produces global, pixel-wise prediction maps, in which detections are subsequently formed. To better make use of the properties of text, three types of information regarding text region, individual characters and their relationship are estimated, with a single Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) model. With such predictions of text properties, the proposed algorithm can simultaneously handle horizontal, multi-oriented and curved text in real-world natural images. The experiments on standard benchmarks, including ICDAR 2013, ICDAR 2015 and MSRA-TD500, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms previous state-ofthe-art approaches. Moreover, we report the first baseline result on the recently-released, large-scale dataset COCO-Text. Keywords—Scene text detection, fully convolutional network, holistic prediction, natural images.
Strategic purchasing , supply management , and firm performance

Purchasing has increasingly assumed a pivotal strategic role in supply-chain management. Yet, claims of the strategic role of purchasing have not been fully subjected to rigorous theoretical and empirical scrutiny. Extant research has remained largely anecdotal and theoretically under-developed. In this paper, we examine the links among strategic purchasing, supply management, and firm performance. We argue that strategic purchasing can engender sustainable competitive advantage by enabling firms to: (a) foster close working relationships with a limited number of suppliers; (b) promote open communication among supply-chain partners; and (c) develop long-term strategic relationship orientation to achieve mutual gains. Using structural equation modeling, we empirically test a number of hypothesized relationships based on a sample of 221 United States manufacturing firms. Our results provide robust support for the links between strategic purchasing, supply management, customer responsiveness, and financial performance of the buying firm. Implications for future research and managerial practice in supply-chain management are also offered. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neonatal Critical Care Communication (NC3): training NICU physicians and nurse practitioners

Objective:Communicating with families is a core skill for neonatal clinicians, yet formal communication training rarely occurs. This study examined the impact of an intensive interprofessional communication training for neonatology fellows and nurse practitioners.Study Design:Evidence-based, interactive training for common communication challenges in neonatology incorporated didactic sessions, role-plays and reflective exercises. Participants completed surveys before, after, and one month following the training.Result:Five neonatology fellows and eight nurse practitioners participated (n=13). Before the training, participants overall felt somewhat prepared (2.6 on 5 point Likert-type scale) to engage in core communication challenges; afterwards, participants overall felt very well prepared (4.5 on Likert-type scale) (P<0.05). One month later, participants reported frequently practicing the taught skills and felt quite willing to engage in difficult conversations.Conclusion:An intensive communication training program increased neonatology clinicians’ self-perceived competence to face communication challenges which commonly occur, but for which training is rarely provided.