LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Lightweight Secure Search Protocols for Low-cost RFID Systems

RFID technology can potentially be used in many applications. A typical RFID system involves a reader and a number of tags, which may range from the battery-powered tags that have Wi-Fi capabilities, to the low-cost tags that are constrained in computation capacities and hardware resources. Keeping RFID systems secure is crucial since RFID systems are vulnerable to a number of malicious attacks. As for low-cost RFID systems, security problems become much more challenging, because traditional security mechanisms are infeasible to be used on low-cost tags due to their resource constraints. Tag search is an important functionality that a RFID system should provide. In this paper, we study how to secure tag search with a focus on low-cost RFID systems. Existing solutions are mostly based on hash functions and consume 8000 to 10000 gates, however, the low-cost tags can afford at most 2000 gates for secure features. In this paper, we propose several lightweight secure search protocols based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR) and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF). Our protocols prevent adversaries from learning tag identity and impersonating RFID reader or tags. Experimental results show that our solutions have hundreds of nanoseconds processing time and require no more than 1400 hardware gates on tags.
A survey of noise reduction methods for distant supervision

We survey recent approaches to noise reduction in distant supervision learning for relation extraction. We group them according to the principles they are based on: at-least-one constraints, topic-based models, or pattern correlations. Besides describing them, we illustrate the fundamental differences and attempt to give an outlook to potentially fruitful further research. In addition, we identify related work in sentiment analysis which could profit from approaches to noise reduction.
Energy-efficient HVAC systems: Simulation-empirical modelling and gradient optimization

V. Vakiloroaya a , Q. P. Ha a, * and B. Samali b 3 4 a School of Electrical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems, 5 University of Technology Sydney, Australia 6 7 b School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 8 University of Technology Sydney, Australia 9 10 Abstract 11 This paper addresses the energy saving problem of air-cooled central cooling plant systems using the 12 model-based gradient projection optimization method. Theoretical-empirical system models including 13 mechanistic relations between components are developed for operating variables of the system. 14 Experimental data are collected to model an actual air-cooled mini chiller equipped with a ducted fan-coil 15 unit of an office building located in hot and dry climate conditions. Both inputs and outputs are known 16 and measured from field monitoring in one summer month. The development and algorithm resulting 17 from the gradient projection, implemented on a transient simulation software package, are incorporated to 18 solve the minimization problem of energy consumption and predict the system’s optimal set-points under 19 transient conditions. The chilled water temperature, supply air temperature and refrigerant mass flow rate 20 are calculated based on the cooling load and ambient dry-bulb temperature profiles by using the proposed 21 approach. The integrated simulation tool is validated by using a wide range of experimentally-collected 22 data from the chiller in operation. Simulation results are provided to show possibility of significant 23 energy savings and comfort enhancement using the proposed strategy. 24 25 26
Work-site casualties and environmental risk assessment on Polish vessels in the years 1960-1999.

OBJECTIVES
To assess environmental risks of fatal incidents in the maritime work-site and guides for possible prevention.


METHODS
All casualties at the work-site in the years 1960-1999 among 25 525 seafarers employed on board Polish vessels were identified according to the ICD-10 classification. The main measure of risk: mean fatality rate per 1000 employees/year was calculated for external and internal causes of death. The impact of the maritime work environment was analysed.


RESULTS
668 seafarers died on board 405 Polish vessels, and 66 percent of deaths were from external causes. The mean fatality rate 1.17 per 1000, was five times higher for external (drowning, missing, other accidents) than for internal causes (circulatory system diseases): 412 deaths from accidents and 29 from disease. Despite modernization of the fleet, the environmental risk factors have strong impact on the mortality. The highest-risk groups were Baltic fishermen, seamen, deck crew, under 40 years of age.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk of casualties in maritime industry exceeds the acceptable level of 1 death per 1000 employees per year. Prevention should concentrate on maritime catastrophes and work-related accidents.
Office worker response to an automated Venetian blind and electric lighting system: a pilot study

A prototype integrated, dynamic building envelope and lighting system designed to optimize daylight admission and solar heat gain rejection on a real-time basis in a commercial office building is evaluated. Office worker response to the system and occupant-based modifications to the control system are investigated to determine if the design and operation of the prototype system can be improved. Key findings from the study are: (1) the prototype integrated envelope and lighting system is ready for field testing, (2) most office workers (N=14) were satisfied with the system, and (3) there were few complaints. Additional studies are needed to explain how illuminance distribution, lighting quality, and room design can affect workplane illuminance preferences.
Effect of Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of Thoracic Nerve Roots in Patients with Cancer and Intractable Chest Wall Pain.

BACKGROUND
Interventional pain management is essential for patients with cancer who experience medically uncontrollable chest wall pain to help control their symptoms and improve their quality of life. However, there is a lack of data on this topic, so there is an urgent need for further research.


OBJECTIVES
To identify the effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the thoracic nerve roots on pain outcomes in patients with cancer and intractable chest wall pain.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective, observational cohort study.


SETTING
National Cancer Center in Korea.


METHODS
The medical records of patients with cancer who were referred to the pain clinic at our National Cancer Center for intractable chest wall pain and who underwent thoracic nerve root RFA between Jan. 1, 2011 and Dec. 31, 2015 were analyzed. The primary outcome was the change in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores between pre-procedure and one week, one month, and 6 months post-procedure. The secondary outcomes were the change in morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) between pre-procedure and one week, one month, and 6 months post-procedure, and whether the primary cancer type (lung vs. non-lung) or radiotherapy to the chest within one month affected the outcomes of RFA. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare RFA data between pre and post-procedure and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
One hundred patients were included in the final analysis. The median NRS score in patients who underwent RFA decreased from 7 (range 3-10) pre-procedure to 4 (0-9) at one week and one-month post-procedure (both P < 0.001) and 4 (1-8) at 6 months post-procedure (P < 0.001). The median MEDD value decreased from 200 (range 30-1800) mg pre-procedure to 180 (10-1600) mg at one week post-procedure (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant change at one month (P = 0.699) or 6 months (P = 0.151) post-procedure. There was no difference in RFA outcome according to type of primary cancer or radiotherapy to the chest within one month.


LIMITATIONS
Retrospective design.


CONCLUSION
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the thoracic nerve roots achieved effective short-term pain control in patients with cancer and intractable chest wall pain.


KEY WORDS
Radiofrequency ablation, thermocoagulation, thoracic nerve root, cancer, chest wall pain, radiotherapy, pain relief.
Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Resistance training studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) often use short intervention periods. Furthermore, training efficiency could be optimized by unilateral training and/or electrical stimulation.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect(s) of unilateral long-term (20 weeks) standardized resistance training with and without simultaneous electro-stimulation on leg muscle strength and overall functional mobility.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial involving 36 persons with MS. At baseline (PRE) and after 10 (MID) and 20 (POST) weeks of standardized (ACSM) light to moderately intense unilateral leg resistance training (RES(O), n = 11) only or resistance training with simultaneous electro-stimulation (RES(E), n = 11, 100 Hz, biphasic symmetrical wave, 400 µs), maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors (45°, 90° knee angle) and dynamic (60-180°/s) knee-extensor strength was measured and compared with a control group (CON, n = 14). Functional mobility was evaluated using the Timed Get Up and Go, Timed 25 Foot Walk, Two-Minute Walk Test, Functional Reach and Rivermead Mobility Index.


RESULTS
Maximal isometric knee extensor (90°, MID: +10 ± 3%, POST: +10  ±  4%) in RES(O) and knee flexor (45°, POST: +7 ± 4%; 90°, POST: +9  ±  5%) in RES(E) strength increased (p < 0.05) compared with CON but RES(O) and RES(E) did not differ. Also, impaired legs responded positively to resistance training (unilateral leg strength analysis) and functional reaching increased significantly in RES(O) (+18%) compared with CON. Dynamic muscle strength and the remaining functional mobility tests did not change.


CONCLUSION
Long-term light to moderately intense resistance training improves muscle strength in persons with MS but simultaneous electro-stimulation does not further improve training outcome.
Biomechanical study on pullout strength of thoracic extrapedicular screw fixation.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the biomechanical feasibility of the thoracic extrapedicular approach to the placement of screws.


METHODS
Five fresh adult cadaveric thoracic spine from T1 to T8 were harvested. The screw was inserted either by pedicular approach or extrapedicular approach. The result was observed and the pullout strength by pedicular screw approach and extrapedicular screw approach via sagittal axis of the vertebrale was measured and compared statistically.


RESULTS
In thoracic pedicular approach, the pullout strength of pedicle screw was 1001.23 N+/-220 N (288.2-1561.7 N)ls and that of thoracic extrapedicular screw approach was 827.01 N+/-260 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through transverse process, and 954.25 N+/-254 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through the lateral cortex of the pedicle. Compared with pedicular group, the pullout strength in extrapedicular group was decreased by 4.7% inserted through transverse process (P larger than 0.05) and by 17.3% inserted through the lateral cortex (P less than 0.05). The mean pullout strength by extrapedicular approach was decreased by 11.04% as compared with pedicular approach (P less than 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible biomechanically to use extrapedicular screw technique to insert pedicular screws in the thoracic spine when it is hard to insert by pedicular approach.
Gray and white matter brain atrophy and neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND
The relationship of gray and white matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) to neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric impairment has not been examined.


METHODS
In 40 patients with MS and 15 age-/sex-matched normal controls, the authors used SPM99 to obtain whole brain normalized volumes of gray and white matter, as well as measured conventional lesion burden (total T1 hypointense and FLAIR hyperintense lesion volume). The whole brain segmentation was corrected for misclassification related to MS brain lesions. To compare the effects of gray matter, white matter, and lesion volumes with respect to brain-behavior relationships, the MS group (disease duration = 11.2 +/- 8.8 years; EDSS score = 3.3 +/- 1.9) underwent neuropsychological assessment, and was compared to a separate, larger group of age-/sex-matched normal controls (n = 83).


RESULTS
The MS group had smaller gray (p = 0.009) and white matter volume (p = 0.018), impaired cognitive performance (verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, and working memory) (all p < 0.0001), and greater neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression, p < 0.0001; dysphoria, p < 0.0001; irritability, p < 0.0001; anxiety, p < 0.0001; euphoria, p = 0.006; agitation, p = 0.02; apathy, p = 0.02; and disinhibition, p = 0.11) vs controls. Hierarchical stepwise regression analysis revealed that whole gray and white matter volumes accounted for greater variance than lesion burden in explaining cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms. White matter volume was the best predictor of mental processing speed and working memory, whereas gray matter volume predicted verbal memory, euphoria, and disinhibition.


CONCLUSION
Both gray and white brain matter atrophy contribute to neuropsychological deficits in multiple sclerosis.
Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty : Do Customer Satisfaction and Customer Trust Really Serve as Intervening Variables ?

To contend the traditional transaction marketing, which focuses on the completion of the transaction and the pursuit of maximizing profits for each transaction, the relationship marketing in the banking sector, on the other hand, offers the establishment of strong relationships and stable partnerships between the bank and its customer in order to maximize the pursuit of the interests of all aspects of the relationship. This paper examined the nature of linkages between relationship marketing and customer loyalty by using customer satisfaction and customer trust as the intervening variables. It investigated the customer perception on customer satisfaction’s characteristics and confidence in exchange partner's reliability and integrity as the mediating factors to build their trust on the banking services. The researchers employed 150 respondents of private banking as the sample. This paper used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analysis the relationship. The results revealed that the relationship marketing tactics affected customer loyalty significantly through customer trust and customer satisfaction. It explicitly demonstrates that the banks have undertaken an organization-wide strategy to manage and nurture their interaction with clients and sales prospects as the base for their customer loyalty.
An online spaced-education game among clinicians improves their patients' time to blood pressure control: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Many patients with high blood pressure (BP) do not have antihypertensive medications appropriately intensified at clinician visits. We investigated whether an online spaced-education (SE) game among primary care clinicians can decrease time to BP target among their hypertensive patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A 2-arm randomized trial was conducted over 52 weeks among primary care clinicians at 8 hospitals. Educational content consisted of 32 validated multiple-choice questions with explanations on hypertension management. Providers were randomized into 2 groups: SE clinicians were enrolled in the game, whereas control clinicians received identical educational content in an online posting. SE game clinicians were e-mailed 1 question every 3 days. Adaptive game mechanics resent questions in 12 or 24 days if answered incorrectly or correctly, respectively. Clinicians retired questions by answering each correctly twice consecutively. Posting of relative performance among peers fostered competition. Primary outcome measure was time to BP target (<140/90 mm Hg). One hundred eleven clinicians enrolled. The SE game was completed by 87% of clinicians (48/55), whereas 84% of control clinicians (47/56) read the online posting. In multivariable analysis of 17 866 hypertensive periods among 14 336 patients, the hazard ratio for time to BP target in the SE game cohort was 1.043 (95% confidence interval, 1.007-1.081; P=0.018). The number of hypertensive episodes needed to treat to normalize one additional patient's BP was 67.8. The number of clinicians needed to teach to achieve this was 0.43.


CONCLUSIONS
An online SE game among clinicians generated a modest but significant reduction in the time to BP target among their hypertensive patients.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00904007.
Camera Models and Optical Systems Used in Computer Graphics: Part I, Object-Based Techniques

Images rendered with traditional computer graphics techniques, such as scanline rendering and ray tracing, appear focused at all depths. However, there are advantages to having blur, such as adding realism to a scene or drawing attention to a particular place in a scene. In this paper we describe the optics underlying camera models that have been used in computer graphics, and present object space techniques for rendering with those models. In our companion paper [3], we survey image space techniques to simulate these models. These techniques vary in both speed and accuracy.
POLYNOMIAL COMPLEXITY OF THE GILMAN{MASKIT DISCRETENESS ALGORITHM

The main result of this paper is a polynomial bound for the computational complexity of an algorithm to determine whether or not a non-elementary two-generator subgroup of PSL (2; R) is discrete, that is, an algorithm to determine whether such a subgroup is Fuchsian. The proof that there exists such a bound uses techniques from both hyperbolic geometry and symbolic computation.
Stochastic optimization for PCA and PLS

We study PCA, PLS, and CCA as stochastic optimization problems, of optimizing a population objective based on a sample. We suggest several stochastic approximation (SA) methods for PCA and PLS, and investigate their empirical performance.
UGT1A1 polymorphism can predict hematologic toxicity in patients treated with irinotecan.

PURPOSE
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is approved in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment and can cause severe toxicity. The main purpose of our study was to assess the role of different polymorphisms on the occurrence of hematologic toxicities and disease-free survival in high-risk stage III colon cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and CPT-11 adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in a prospective randomized trial.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Four hundred patients were randomized in a phase III trial comparing LV5FU2 to LV5FU2 + CPT-11. DNA from 184 patients was extracted and genotyped to detect nucleotide polymorphism: 3435C>T for ABCB1, 6986A>G for CYP3A5, UGT1A1*28 and -3156G>A for UGT1A1.


RESULTS
Genotype frequencies were similar in both treatment arms. In the test arm, no significant difference was observed in toxicity or disease-free survival for ABCB1 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms. UGT1A1*28 homozygous patients showed more frequent severe hematologic toxicity (50%) than UGT1A1*1 homozygous patients (16.2%), P = 0.06. Moreover, patients homozygous for the mutant allele of -3156G>A UGT1A1 polymorphism showed more frequent severe hematologic toxicity (50%) than patients homozygous for wild-type allele (12.5%), P = 0.01. This toxicity occurred significantly earlier in homozygous mutant than wild-type homozygous patients (P = 0.043). In a Cox model, the hazard ratio for severe hematologic toxicity is significantly higher for patients with the A/A compared with the G/G genotype [hazard ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-37.2; P = 0.005].


CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the clinical utility of identification of UGT1A1 promoter polymorphisms before LV5FU2 + CPT-11 treatment to predict early hematologic toxicity. The -3156G>A polymorphism seems to be a better predictor than the UGT1A1 (TA)(6)TAA>(TA)(7)TAA polymorphism.
Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies.

OBJECTIVE
To provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for adults with acute migraine who require treatment with injectable medication in an emergency department (ED). We addressed two clinically relevant questions: (1) Which injectable medications should be considered first-line treatment for adults who present to an ED with acute migraine? (2) Do parenteral corticosteroids prevent recurrence of migraine in adults discharged from an ED?


METHODS
The American Headache Society convened an expert panel of authors who defined a search strategy and then performed a search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database and clinical trial registries from inception through 2015. Identified articles were rated using the American Academy of Neurology's risk of bias tool. For each medication, the expert panel determined likelihood of efficacy. Recommendations were created accounting for efficacy, adverse events, availability of alternate therapies, and principles of medication action.


RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS
The search identified 68 unique randomized controlled trials utilizing 28 injectable medications. Of these, 19 were rated class 1 (low risk of bias), 21 were rated class 2 (higher risk of bias), and 28 were rated class 3 (highest risk of bias). Metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and sumatriptan each had multiple class 1 studies supporting acute efficacy, as did dexamethasone for prevention of headache recurrence. All other medications had lower levels of evidence.


RECOMMENDATIONS
Intravenous metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, and subcutaneous sumatriptan should be offered to eligible adults who present to an ED with acute migraine (Should offer-Level B). Dexamethasone should be offered to these patients to prevent recurrence of headache (Should offer-Level B). Because of lack of evidence demonstrating efficacy and concern about sub-acute or long-term sequelae, injectable morphine and hydromorphone are best avoided as first-line therapy (May avoid-Level C).
Effect of Joule Heating and Thermal Radiation in Flow of Third Grade Fluid over Radiative Surface

This article addresses the boundary layer flow and heat transfer in third grade fluid over an unsteady permeable stretching sheet. The transverse magnetic and electric fields in the momentum equations are considered. Thermal boundary layer equation includes both viscous and Ohmic dissipations. The related nonlinear partial differential system is reduced first into ordinary differential system and then solved for the series solutions. The dependence of velocity and temperature profiles on the various parameters are shown and discussed by sketching graphs. Expressions of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are calculated and analyzed. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated and examined. It is observed that both velocity and temperature increases in presence of electric field. Further the temperature is increased due to the radiation parameter. Thermal boundary layer thickness increases by increasing Eckert number.