LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Petrology and K/Ar ages of volcanics dredged from the Eolian seamounts: implications for geodynamic evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian basin

Abstract Systematic marine investigations carried out in the last decade indicate that the Eolian island orogenic volcanism extends to the seamounts located on the western (Sisifo, Enarete, Eolo Seamounts) and the northeastern (Alcione, Lametini Seamounts) sides of the emerged Eolian Island arc, as well as on the upper part of Palinuro and Marsili Seamounts, constituting on the whole a ring-like structure. Basaltic to rhyolitic lava samples dredged from these localities mostly belong to calc-alkaline and shoshonitic associations and are strictly comparable, both in petrographical and geochemical characteristics, to subaerial products outcropping on the Eolian islands. Moreover a few tholeiitic basalts, with island arc affinity, have been recovered for the first time from north Lametini and lowermost Eolian slope. The calc-alkaline magmatic activity appears to date as far back as1.3–0.9 ± 0.2m.y. to the west (Sisifo Seamount) and probably postdates (or is synchronous with) the tholeiitic episodes, whereas the oldest shoshonitic volcanism so far found at Eolo and Enarete Seamounts has an age of 0.85–0.64 ± 0.06m.y. The geochronological data indicate a general trend of within-serial rejuvenation of the volcanism moving counterclockwise from the Sisifo area, as well as a chronological zonation of magmatic products characterized by a rapid transition, within the time span of about 0.1 m.y., to more abundant shoshonitic and leucite-tephritic lavas in limited portions of the structure (Lipari, Vulcano and Stromboli). Model calculations based on a large spectrum of incompatible elements indicate that the parental melts of the various magma series could be derived by different partial melting degrees of spinel- to garnet-peridotite mantle sources heterogeneously enriched through the influx of distinct metasomatizing fluids driven off the subduction zone. Subduction reactivation and the related Eolian volcanism appear to be diachronous with respect to the oceanic spreading in the Tyrrhenian marginal basin and characteristically analogous, in timing, to the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the western Pacific island arc and back arc basin systems, where an earlier opening of the marginal basin was followed by an arc volcanism on the rifted-off migrating plate. The chronological zonation inside limited sectors of the structure coupled with the widespread age of volcanism of different serial affinity along the whole structure and the counterclockwise rejuvenation of the within-serial magmatic activity, could be related to deformation (via torsion, segmentation and lateral stretching) and progressive steepening of the subducted slab resulting in the present concavity of the Benioff zone which corresponds to a maximal oroclinal distortion of the Apenninic-Maghrebian chain.
One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT
Adjuvant imatinib administered for 12 months after surgery has improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) compared with placebo.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of imatinib administration duration as adjuvant treatment of patients who have a high estimated risk for GIST recurrence after surgery.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Patients with KIT-positive GIST removed at surgery were entered between February 2004 and September 2008 to this randomized, open-label phase 3 study conducted in 24 hospitals in Finland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. The risk of GIST recurrence was estimated using the modified National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria.


INTERVENTION
Imatinib, 400 mg per day, orally for either 12 months or 36 months, started within 12 weeks of surgery.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary end point was RFS; the secondary end points included overall survival and treatment safety.


RESULTS
Two hundred patients were allocated to each group. The median follow-up time after randomization was 54 months in December 2010. Diagnosis of GIST was confirmed in 382 of 397 patients (96%) in the intention-to-treat population at a central pathology review. KIT or PDGFRA mutation was detected in 333 of 366 tumors (91%) available for testing. Patients assigned for 36 months of imatinib had longer RFS compared with those assigned for 12 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32-0.65; P < .001; 5-year RFS, 65.6% vs 47.9%, respectively) and longer overall survival (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89; P = .02; 5-year survival, 92.0% vs 81.7%). Imatinib was generally well tolerated, but 12.6% and 25.8% of patients assigned to the 12- and 36-month groups, respectively, discontinued imatinib for a reason other than GIST recurrence.


CONCLUSION
Compared with 12 months of adjuvant imatinib, 36 months of imatinib improved RFS and overall survival of GIST patients with a high risk of GIST recurrence.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116935.
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and recanalization after IV rt-PA: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is the most unfavorable complication after IV thrombolytic treatment. We aimed to determine the relationship between early recanalization and the risk of sICH.


METHODS
Patients with acute stroke received IV tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 3 hours of symptom onset with transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring at four academic centers. sICH was defined as parenchymal hemorrhage on CT in relation to neurologic worsening (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] > or = 4) within 72 hours after treatment. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 3-6 at 3 months. Early recanalization was graded with Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) system. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of sICH.


RESULTS
A total of 349 patients received rt-PA at median 134 +/- 32 minutes (mean age 69 +/- 13 years, 186 men [53%]). Median pretreatment NIHSS score was 16 points (interquartile range: 12-20). Median time to TCD was 130 +/- 40 minutes. At the end of rt-PA infusion, 135 patients (38%) had no recanalization, 101 (29%) partial, and 113 (32%) complete recanalization. sICH occurred in 26 patients (7.4%). Of the 135 patients without early recanalization, 18 (13%) had sICH, as compared to 4 (4%) of the 109 subjects with partial recanalization and 4 (3.5%) of 113 with complete recanalization, p = 0.005. After adjustment for age, sex, baseline NIHSS score, glucose, blood pressure, and time to treatment, patients with persistent occlusion had sixfold higher risk of sICH (OR = 6, 95% CI 1.5-21.3, p = 0.01).


CONCLUSION
The risk of tPA-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is low after early and complete restoration of blood flow. Arterial occlusion persistent beyond tissue plasminogen activator infusion emerges as an independent predictor of higher risk of sICH in patients treated with systemic thrombolysis.
The protective role of friendship on the effects of childhood abuse and depression.

BACKGROUND
This study explored the relationships between childhood maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect), adult depression, and perceived social support from family and friends.


METHODS
As part of an NIH-funded study of risk and resilience at a public urban hospital in Atlanta, 378 men and women recruited from the primary care and obstetrics gynecology clinic waiting areas answered questions about developmental history, traumatic experiences, current relationship support, and depressive symptoms.


RESULTS
Childhood emotional abuse and neglect proved more predictive of adult depression than childhood sexual or physical abuse. In females only, perceived friend social support protected against adult depression even after accounting for the contributions of both emotional abuse and neglect.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings may elucidate the particular importance of understanding the effects that emotional abuse and neglect have on adult depression, and how perceived friendship support may provide a buffer for women with a history of early life stress who are at risk to develop adult depression.
DEEP: A Biofeedback Virtual Reality Game for Children At-risk for Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are among the most frequently diagnosed mental health problems in children, leading to potentially devastating outcomes on a personal level and high costs for society. Although evidence-based interventions are readily available, their outcomes are often disappointing and variable. In particular, existing interventions are not effective long-term nor tailored to differences in individual responsiveness. We therefore need a new approach to the prevention and treatment of anxiety in children and a commensurate scientific methodology to uncover individual profiles of change. We argue that applied games have a great deal of potential for both. The current paper presents results from a recent pilot study using a biofeedback virtual reality game (DEEP). DEEP integrates established therapeutic principles with an embodied and intuitive learning process towards improved anxiety regulation skills.
Adaptive pattern recognition and neural networks

Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
HeidelTime: High Quality Rule-Based Extraction and Normalization of Temporal Expressions

Different types •Date: On May 22, 1995, Farkas was ... •Time: ... in Brownsville around 7:15 p.m. •Duration: He spent six days abroad ... •Set: ... for liver transplants each year ... Different occurrences in documents • explicit easy to normalize • implicit knowledge is needed • relative reference time is needed (& additional information) Annotation scheme •TimeML: ISO standard for temporal annotation (Timex3) [2] Main Challenges
Craniosynostosis relationships with Cognitive, Behavioral and Emotional Functioning

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in patients with craniosynostosis and to determine the prospective association of a beaten-copper pattern before 18 months of age with behavioral and emotional problems in patients with craniosynostosis. Methods: The authors performed a follow-up study of 115 craniosynostosis patients at the Erasmus Children’s University Hospital in Rotterdam. Behavioral and emotional problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist at a mean age 8 years. The presence of beaten-copper pattern before the age of 18 months was assessed on presurgical radiographs. Analyses were adjusted for intelligence quotient. Results: Whereas craniosynostosis patients with quotients of 85 or greater did not differ from children in the normgroup, craniosynostosis patients with quotients less than 85 had a higher risk of behavioral and emotional problems. However, these results were comparable to the findings of other studies assessing psychopathology in children with lower intelligence levels. Type of craniosynostosis (single suture versus complex) and a beaten-copper pattern before the age of 18 months did not affect the risk for behavioral and emotional problems in children with craniosynostosis. Conclusion: When intelligence is taken into account, craniosynostosis is not associated with an increased risk of behavioral and emotional problems, nor is type of craniosynostosis or a beaten-copper pattern before the age of 18 months.
Frame Field Singularity Correctionfor Automatic Hexahedralization

We present an automatic hexahedralization tool, based on a systematic treatment that removes some of the singularities that would lead to degenerate volumetric parameterization. Such singularities could be abundant in automatically generated frame fields guiding the interior and boundary layouts of the hexahedra in an all hexahedral mesh. We first give the mathematical definitions of the inadmissible singularities prevalent in frame fields, including newly introduced surface singularity types. We then give a practical framework for adjusting singularity graphs by automatically modifying the rotational transition of frames between charts (cells of a tetrahedral mesh for the volume) to resolve the issues detected in the internal and boundary singularity graph. After applying an additional re-smoothing of the frame field with the modified transition conditions, we cut the volume into a topologically trivial domain, with the original topology encoded by the self-intersections of the boundary of the domain, and solve a mixed integer problem on this domain for a global parameterization. Finally, a properly connected hexahedral mesh is constructed from the integer isosurfaces of (u,v,w) in the parameterization. We demonstrate the applicability of the method on complex shapes, and discuss its limitations.
A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women.

PURPOSE
ω3 and ω6 fatty acids (FA) may have divergent effects on the development of obesity. We examined the association of baseline erythrocyte ω3 and ω6 FA composition with body weight change and the risk of becoming overweight or obese in the Women's Health Study (WHS) participants.


METHODS
We identified 534 women who had baseline erythrocyte FA measured and a baseline body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m(2). Body weight was updated at a total of six time points during follow-up.


RESULTS
Weight gain during a mean of 10.4-year follow-up increased with increasing quartiles of baseline erythrocyte cis ω6 FA, ω6/ω3 ratio, and trans FA while decreased with increasing cis ω3 FA. After multivariable adjustment including total energy intake and physical activity, the weight gain (kg) in the highest versus the lowest quartile was 3.08 versus 2.32 for erythrocyte cis ω6 FA (p trend 0.04), 2.07 versus 2.92 for cis ω3 FA (p trend 0.08), 2.93 versus 2.05 for ω6/ω3 ratio (p trend 0.046), and 3.03 versus 2.27 for trans FA (p trend 0.06). Among individual FA, the associations were significant for 18:2ω6, 18:3ω6, and trans 18:1 and marginally significant for 20:3ω6 and trans 18:2. The risk of becoming overweight or obese (defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) at any follow-up time point) increased across increasing ω6/ω3 ratio (multivariable model p trend 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective study, we found suggestive evidence that erythrocyte cis ω6 FA may be positively associated, and cis ω3 FA inversely associated with weight gain in initially normal-weight women.
HIV Replication Alters the Composition of Extrinsic Pathway Coagulation Factors and Increases Thrombin Generation

BACKGROUND
HIV infection leads to activation of coagulation, which may increase the risk for atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolic disease. We hypothesized that HIV replication increases coagulation potentially through alterations in extrinsic pathway factors.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Extrinsic pathway factors were measured among a subset of HIV participants from the Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (SMART) trial. Thrombin generation was estimated using validated computational modeling based on factor composition. We characterized the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment versus the untreated state (HIV replication) via 3 separate analyses: (1) a cross-sectional comparison of those on and off ART (n=717); (2) a randomized comparison of deferring versus starting ART (n=217); and (3) a randomized comparison of stopping versus continuing ART (n=500). Compared with viral suppression, HIV replication consistently showed short-term increases in some procoagulants (eg, 15% to 23% higher FVIII; P<0.001) and decreases in key anticoagulants (eg, 5% to 9% lower antithrombin [AT] and 6% to 10% lower protein C; P<0.01). The net effect of HIV replication was to increase coagulation potential (eg, 24% to 48% greater thrombin generation from computational models; P<0.01 for all). The pattern of changes from HIV replication was reversed with ART treatment and consistent across all 3 independent comparisons.


CONCLUSIONS
HIV replication leads to complex changes in extrinsic pathway factors, with the net effect of increasing coagulation potential to a degree that may be clinically relevant. The key influence of changes in FVIII and AT suggests that HIV-related coagulation abnormalities may involve changes in hepatocyte function in the context of systemic inflammation.
Comparison of PubMed and Google Scholar literature searches.

BACKGROUND
Literature searches are essential to evidence-based respiratory care. To conduct literature searches, respiratory therapists rely on search engines to retrieve information, but there is a dearth of literature on the comparative efficiencies of search engines for researching clinical questions in respiratory care.


OBJECTIVE
To compare PubMed and Google Scholar search results for clinical topics in respiratory care to that of a benchmark.


METHODS
We performed literature searches with PubMed and Google Scholar, on 3 clinical topics. In PubMed we used the Clinical Queries search filter. In Google Scholar we used the search filters in the Advanced Scholar Search option. We used the reference list of a related Cochrane Collaboration evidence-based systematic review as the benchmark for each of the search results. We calculated recall (sensitivity) and precision (positive predictive value) with 2 x 2 contingency tables. We compared the results with the chi-square test of independence and Fisher's exact test.


RESULTS
PubMed and Google Scholar had similar recall for both overall search results (71% vs 69%) and full-text results (43% vs 51%). PubMed had better precision than Google Scholar for both overall search results (13% vs 0.07%, P < .001) and full-text results (8% vs 0.05%, P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that PubMed searches with the Clinical Queries filter are more precise than with the Advanced Scholar Search in Google Scholar for respiratory care topics. PubMed appears to be more practical to conduct efficient, valid searches for informing evidence-based patient-care protocols, for guiding the care of individual patients, and for educational purposes.
On the statistical reliability of letter-chart visual acuity measurements.

PURPOSE
To determine boundary values of test-retest reliability and sensitivity to acuity change that are unlikely to be exceeded in any clinical situation, for a popular visual acuity chart (Lighthouse/ETDRS) with three scoring methods; to discuss general methodological issues associated with statistical accuracy of optotype chart testing; and to link measures of test reliability to measures of sensitivity to change.


METHODS
Five highly practiced subjects were tested using a computer-controlled acuity testing system in a procedure designed to reduce measurement error. Subjects read the computerized chart 156 times, yielding a sample of 78 test-retest comparisons.


RESULTS
Under conditions likely to minimize variability, visual acuity may, with 95% confidence, be ascertained only within +/- 0.1 log units, using this chart with the recommended letter-by-letter scoring. Detecting a significant change in visual acuity requires about +/- 0.14 log units for the same degree of confidence.


CONCLUSIONS
These measurements may be viewed as approaching the upper limit of reliability of this letter chart. Reliability probably is considerably less in typical usage.
Adsorption Process of Heavy Metals by Low-Cost Adsorbent: A Review

In this article, the potential of various low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water has been reviewed. Various conventional methods for heavy metal removal such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating and also ion exchange have been applied since previous years. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as only limited to certain concentrations of metals ions, generation large amount of toxic sludge and the capital costs are much too high to be economical. Hence, adsorption using low-cost adsorbents is found to be more environmentally friendly. Adsorption is the alternative process, for heavy metal removal due to the wide number of natural materials or agricultural wastes gathering in abundance from our environment. High adsorption capacities, cost effectiveness and their abundance in nature are the important parameters which explain why the adsorbent is economical for heavy metal removal. In this review, a list of adsorbent literature has been compiled to provide a summary of available information on a wide range of low cost adsorbents for removing heavy metals from contaminated water. The application of available adsorption models such as the isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics as well as the influence of parameters on metal adsorption by low cost adsorbent shall be reviewed to understand the adsorption mechanism of low-cost adsorbents. Keyword: Adsorption; Heavy metals removal; Conventional methods; Low cost adsorbent
DISPLACEMENT : A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE by

This paper reviews 55 published articles on crime prevention measures In which researchers specifically looked for evidence of displacement These articles are classified by the type of crime prevented and the nature of the preventive measure. Analysis of the evidence suggests that displacement Is not Inevitable, and that If displacement occurs, It will be limited In scope.
Incentive compatible multi unit combinatorial auctions

This paper deals with multi-unit combinatorial auctions where there are n types of goods for sale, and for each good there is some fixed number of units. We focus on the case where each bidder desires a relatively small number of units of each good. In particular, this includes the case where each good has exactly k units, and each bidder desires no more than a single unit of each good. We provide incentive compatible mechanisms for combinatorial auctions for the general case where bidders are not limited to single minded valuations. The mechanisms we give have approximation ratios close to the best possible for both on-line and off-line scenarios. This is the first result where non-VCG mechanisms are derived for non-single minded bidders for a natural model of combinatorial auctions.
Challenges Facing Teachers in Implementing Competence-Based Curriculum in Tanzania : The Case of Community Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality

This paper investigated the challenges facing teachers in implementing competence based curriculum in secondary schools in Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative research approach which utilized a case study research design. The sample of the study included 102 teachers who were randomly selected, six heads of schools and six academic masters/mistresses who were purposefully selected from six public secondary schools found in Morogoro Municipality. Questionnaires and interview were used to collect the required information. The collected data were analysed using content analysis. The findings established that teachers faced a variety of challenges which impeded the effective implementation of competence based curriculum in teaching and learning. In the light of these findings it was recommended that teachers should be given opportunities for their participation in formulation and/or review of curriculum. Also the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training should devise ways of providing quality and relevant teaching and learning resources that are consistent with the competence based curriculum.