LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Information security awareness and behavior : a theory-based literature review

Information security awareness and behavior: a theory-based literature review Benedikt Lebek, Jörg Uffen, Markus Neumann, Bernd Hohler, Michael H. Breitner, Article information: To cite this document: Benedikt Lebek, Jörg Uffen, Markus Neumann, Bernd Hohler, Michael H. Breitner, (2014) "Information security awareness and behavior: a theory-based literature review", Management Research Review, Vol. 37 Issue: 12, pp.1049-1092, https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2013-0085 Permanent link to this document: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2013-0085
Counterfactual Analysis in Macroeconometrics : An Empirical Investigation into the Effects of Quantitative Easing *

Counterfactual Analysis in Macroeconometrics: An Empirical Investigation into the Effects of Quantitative Easing This paper is concerned with ex ante and ex post counterfactual analyses in the case of macroeconometric applications where a single unit is observed before and after a given policy intervention. It distinguishes between cases where the policy change affects the model’s parameters and where it does not. It is argued that for ex post policy evaluation it is important that outcomes are conditioned on ex post realized variables that are invariant to the policy change but nevertheless influence the outcomes. The effects of the control variables that are determined endogenously with the policy outcomes can be solved out for the policy evaluation exercise. An ex post policy ineffectiveness test statistic is proposed. The analysis is applied to the evaluation of the effects of the quantitative easing (QE) in the UK after March 2009. It is estimated that a 100 basis points reduction in the spread due to QE has an impact effect on output growth of about one percentage point, but the policy impact is very quickly reversed with no statistically significant effects remaining within 9-12 months of the policy intervention. JEL Classification: C18, C54, E65
COSSACS (Continue or Stop post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study): rationale and design.

RATIONALE
Up to 40% of acute stroke patients are already taking antihypertensive therapy on hospital admission, and most will develop elevated blood pressure levels as an acute complication of the stroke. However, no clear data exist as to whether antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued in the acute situation. Surveys of clinical practice reveal significant physician variability and no clear guidelines exist.


OBJECTIVES
The primary aim of the Continue or Stop post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS) is to assess whether existing antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued within the first 24 h for the first 2 weeks following acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke onset.


DESIGN
COSSACS is a multi-centre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint study, in which patients on pre-existing antihypertensive therapy, admitted to hospital within 24 h of onset of suspected stroke, and within 36 h of their last dose of antihypertensive medication, are randomized to continue or stop current antihypertensive therapy.


SETTING
Acute Stroke Units/ Medical Units of at least 25 UK Teaching and District General Hospitals.


PATIENTS
The study will involve 2900 patients with suspected stroke without specific indication to continue or stop their antihypertensive medication in the opinion of their treating clinician.


STUDY OUTCOMES
The primary outcome for COSSACS is the proportion of patients who are dead or dependent (defined by a modified Rankin score > 2) at 14 days post-stroke. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure changes, and neurological and functional status at 2 weeks and 6 months post-ictus.
Key management systems for sensor networks in the context of the Internet of Things

If a wireless sensor network (WSN) is to be completely integrated into the Internet as part of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is necessary to consider various security challenges, such as the creation of a secure channel between an Internet host and a sensor node. In order to create such a channel, it is necessary to provide key management mechanisms that allow two remote devices to negotiate certain security credentials (e.g. secret keys) that will be used to protect the information flow. In this paper we will analyse not only the applicability of existing mechanisms such as public key cryptography and pre-shared keys for sensor nodes in the IoT context, but also the applicability of those link-layer oriented key management systems (KMS) whose original purpose is to provide shared keys for sensor nodes belonging to the same WSN. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comprehensive microbiological findings in peri-implantitis and periodontitis.

AIM
The microbial differences between peri-implantitis and periodontitis in the same subjects were examined using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest pockets of peri-implantitis and periodontitis sites in six subjects. The prevalence of bacteria was analysed using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and real-time polymerase chain reaction.


RESULTS
A total of 333 different taxa were identified from 799 sequenced clones; 231 (69%) were uncultivated phylotypes, of which 75 were novel. The numbers of bacterial taxa identified at the sites of peri-implantitis and periodontitis were 192 and 148 respectively. The microbial composition of peri-implantitis was more diverse when compared with that of periodontitis. Fusobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. were predominant in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis, while bacteria such as Parvimonas micra were only detected in peri-implantitis. The prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria was not high, while quantitative evaluation revealed that, in most cases, prevalence was higher at peri-implantitis sites than at periodontitis sites.


CONCLUSIONS
The biofilm in peri-implantitis showed a more complex microbial composition when compared with periodontitis. Common periodontopathic bacteria showed low prevalence, and several bacteria were identified as candidate pathogens in peri-implantitis.
Vessel wall contrast enhancement: a diagnostic sign of cerebral vasculitis.

PURPOSE
Inflammatory stenoses of cerebral arteries cause stroke in patients with florid vasculitis. However, diagnosis is often difficult even with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and biopsy. The purpose of this study was to establish the value of contrast-enhanced MRI, proven to be sensitive to extradural arteritis, for the identification of intracranial vessel wall inflammation.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-seven patients with a diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis affecting large brain vessels were retrieved from the files: 8 children (2-10 years, 7 female, 1 male) and 19 adults (16-76 years, 10 female, 9 male). Diagnosis was based on histological or serological proof of vasculitis or on clinical and imaging criteria. All MRI examinations included diffusion-weighted imaging, time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) and contrast-enhanced scans. MRI scans were assessed for the presence of ischemic brain lesions, arterial stenoses, vessel wall thickening and contrast uptake.


RESULTS
Ischemic changes of the brain tissue were seen in 24/27 patients and restricted diffusion suggestive of recent ischemia in 17/27; 25/27 patients had uni- or multifocal stenoses of intracranial arteries on TOF-MRA and 5/6 had stenoses on DSA. Vessel wall thickening was identified in 25/27, wall enhancement in 23/27 patients.


CONCLUSION
Wall thickening and intramural contrast uptake are frequent findings in patients with active cerebral vasculitis affecting large brain arteries. Further prospective studies are required to determine the specificity of this finding.
INTEGRATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ACCRA ( GHANA ) : BIOREACTOR TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

The increasing solid waste generated in the Accra metropolis has not been accompanied with adequate sanitation facilities and management programs. Notable among the waste management problems is inadequate operational funding from the municipality’s budget allocation for the collection and disposal processes. The disposal methods mostly depend on the obsolete dumping with the associated environmental and social risks. Recycling of waste that reduces the waste dumping has also not been effective. With the problem of inadequate operational funding it is possible that the sanitary landfill under construction by the AMA may revert to a dump. This project however, is an opportunity to introduce the bioreactor waste treatment technology. This technology converts only degradable organic matter into useful fuel and reduces the environmental impact of organic wastes, and therefore not all the solid waste components are treated. The integration of this technology with collection and supply for recycling and composting is therefore important in order to cater for other components. Three levels of integration are proposed here. One level is to link the collection of materials for recycling and composting with available markets. The waste collection is also to be integrated with the bioreactor treatment process. The third level is to bring the biological treatment facility, collection, recycling and composting programs in co-operation with the stakeholders (the management authorities, the public and the private investors). The underlying purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual methodology for MSWM strategies in Accra that demonstrates the ability to include social, environmental and economic compatibilities as the dimensions of a sustainable waste management system.
Government Control of the Media

We present a formal model of government control of the media to illuminate variation in media freedom across countries and over time. The extent of government control depends critically on two variables: the mobilizing character of the government and the size of the advertising market. Media bias is greater and state ownership of the media more likely when governments seek to mobilize populations through biased reporting; however, the distinction between state and private media is smaller. Large advertising markets reduce media bias in both state and private media, but increase the incentive for the government to nationalize private media. We illustrate these arguments with a case study of media freedom in postcommunist Russia, where media bias has responded to the mobilizing needs of the Kremlin and government control over the media has grown in tandem with the size of the advertising market. Paper prepared for presentation at the “Frontiers of Political Economics” conference, Moscow, May 2008. ∗Gehlbach: University of Wisconsin–Madison and CEFIR, gehlbach@polisci.wisc.edu. Sonin: New Economic School, CEFIR, and CEPR, ksonin@gmail.com. Preliminary: comments welcome.
Dynamic Performance of a SCARA Robot Manipulator With Uncertainty Using Polynomial Chaos Theory

This short paper outlines how polynomial chaos theory (PCT) can be utilized for manipulator dynamic analysis and controller design in a 4-DOF selective compliance assembly robot-arm-type manipulator with variation in both the link masses and payload. It includes a simple linear control algorithm into the formulation to show the capability of the PCT framework.
Extracellular synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by Sporosarcina koreensis DC4 and their biological applications.

The present study highlights the microbial synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by Sporosarcina koreensis DC4 strain, in an efficient way. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which displayed maximum absorbance at 424nm and 531nm for silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. The spherical shape of nanoparticles was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping were displayed the purity and maximum elemental distribution of silver and gold elements in the respective nanoproducts. The X-ray diffraction spectroscopy results demonstrate the crystalline nature of synthesized nanoparticles. The particle size analysis demonstrate the nanoparticles distribution with respect to intensity, volume and number of nanoparticles. For biological applications, the silver nanoparticles have been explored in terms of MIC and MBC against pathogenic microorganisms such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the silver nanoparticles in combination with commercial antibiotics, such as vancomycin, rifampicin, oleandomycin, penicillin G, novobiocin, and lincomycin have been explored for the enhancement of antibacterial activity and the obtained results showed that 3μg concentration of silver nanoparticles sufficiently enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of commercial antibiotics against pathogenic microorganism. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticles potential has been reconnoitered for the biofilm inhibition by S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli and the results revealed sufficient activity at 6μg concentration. In addition, gold nanoparticles have been applied for catalytic activity, for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using sodium borohydride and positive results were attained.
A genetic analysis of the validity of the Hypomanic Personality Scale.

OBJECTIVES
Studies of mania risk have increasingly relied on measures of subsyndromal tendencies to experience manic symptoms. The measures of mania risk employed in those studies have been shown to predict manic onset, to show familial associations, and to demonstrate expected correlations with psychosocial variables related to bipolar disorder. However, little work has been conducted to validate such measures against biologically relevant indices, or to consider whether early adversity, which has been shown to be highly elevated among those with bipolar disorder, is related to higher scores on mania risk measures. This study tested whether a well-used, self-report measure of vulnerability to mania is associated with several candidate genes that have previously been linked with bipolar disorder or with early adversity. Interactions of genes with early adversity in the prediction of mania vulnerability were also tested.


METHODS
Undergraduate students from the University of Miami (Coral Gables, FL, USA) (N = 305) completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale and the Risky Families Scale, and provided blood for genotyping.


RESULTS
Findings indicated that the Hypomanic Personality Scale was related to a number of dopamine-relevant polymorphisms and with early adversity. A polymorphism of ANKK1 appeared to specifically increase mania risk in the context of early adversity.


CONCLUSIONS
These results provide additional support for the validity of the Hypomanic Personality Scale.
Biomedical Waste Management: A study of knowledge, attitude and practice among health care personnel at tertiary care hospital in Rajkot

According to Bio-Medical Waste (management and handling) rules, 1998 of India, Bio Medical Waste (BMW) means any solid, fluid, or liquid waste including its containers and any intermediate product which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological and includes ten categories for same [1]. Majority of waste (75-90%) produced by the healthcare providers is non-risk or general and it is estimated that the ABSTRACT
A Randomized Algorithm for CCA

We present RandomizedCCA, a randomized algorithm for computing canonical analysis, suitable for large datasets stored either out of core or on a distributed file system. Accurate results can be obtained in as few as two data passes, which is relevant for distributed processing frameworks in which iteration is expensive (e.g., Hadoop). The strategy also provides an excellent initializer for standard iterative solutions.
Generating Natural Language Explanations for Visual Question Answering using Scene Graphs and Visual Attention

In this paper, we present a novel approach for the task of eXplainable Question Answering (XQA), i.e., generating natural language (NL) explanations for the Visual Question Answering (VQA) problem. We generate NL explanations comprising of the evidence to support the answer to a question asked to an image using two sources of information: (a) annotations of entities in an image (e.g., object labels, region descriptions, relation phrases) generated from the scene graph of the image, and (b) the attention map generated by a VQA model when answering the question. We show how combining the visual attention map with the NL representation of relevant scene graph entities, carefully selected using a language model, can give reasonable textual explanations without the need of any additional collected data (explanation captions, etc). We run our algorithms on the Visual Genome (VG) dataset and conduct internal user-studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach over a strong baseline. We have also released a live web demo showcasing our VQA and textual explanation generation using scene graphs and visual attention.1
A cross-platform model for secure Electronic Health Record communication

During the past decade, there have been many regional, national and European projects focused on the development of platforms for secure access and sharing of distributed patient information. A platform is needed because present local or enterprise-wide information systems are typically not intended for cross-organisational secure access of patient data. Most of the present secure platforms are local or regional. Commonly used platform types in the health care environment vary from secure point-to-point communication systems to internet-based portals. This paper defines an enhanced cross-security platform which makes it possible for different kinds of local, regional, and national health information systems to communicate in a secure way. The proposed evolutionary way interconnects regional or national security domains with the help of a cross-platform zone. A more revolutionary model based on peer-to-peer Grid like networks and dynamic security credentials is also discussed. The proposed evolutionary model uses cross-domain security and interoperability services to ensure secure communication and interoperability between different security domains. The platform supports both communication defined beforehand and adhoc dynamic access to distributed electronic health records (EHRs). The internet is proposed as the "glue" between different regional or national security domains.
Global Downscaling of Remotely-Sensed Soil Moisture using Neural Networks

Characterizing soil moisture at spatio-temporal scales relevant to land surface processes (i.e. of the order of a kilometer) is necessary in order to quantify its role in regional feedbacks between land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer. Moreover, several applications such as agricultural management can benefit from soil moisture information at fine spatial scales. Soil moisture estimates from current satellite missions have a reasonably good temporal revisit over the globe (2-3 days repeat time); however, their finest spatial resolution is 9km. NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite estimates soil moisture at two 15 different spatial scales of 36km and 9km since April 2015. In this study, we develop a neural networks-based downscaling algorithm using SMAP observations and disaggregate soil moisture to 2.25km spatial resolution. Our approach uses mean monthly Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) as an ancillary data to quantify sub-pixel heterogeneity of soil moisture. Evaluation of the downscaled soil moisture estimates against in situ observations shows that their accuracy is better than or equal to the SMAP 9km soil moisture estimates. 20
Frequency doubling perimetry in patients with mild and moderate pituitary tumor-associated visual field defects detected by conventional perimetry.

PURPOSE
To test the ability of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry to identify pituitary tumor-associated visual field defects.


METHODS
Twenty-three eyes from patients with pituitary tumor (PT) and 28 normal eyes were studied. Subjects were eligible when presenting with normal visual acuity and mild or moderate temporal field loss in at least one eye on Goldmann and standard automated perimetry (SAP). FDT testing was performed using the C-20-5 screening and the C-20 full-threshold test. The sensitivity and specificity for identification of the field defect were determined and the groups were compared with regard to several parameters. Finally, we compared the ability of FDT and SAP to detect the characteristic pattern of temporal hemianopia/quadrantanopia.


RESULTS
In the screening test, sensitivity ranged from 21.74% to 43.48% while specificity was 100%. In the threshold test, sensitivity ranged from 52.17% to 82.61% (specificities of 85.71% and 60.71%, respectively), according to total deviation analysis, and from 30.43% to 73.91% (specificities of 96.42% and 64.28%, respectively), according to the pattern deviation analysis. Patients with PT presented a significantly higher number of abnormal points in the temporal hemifield. In 12 eyes FDT and SAP were both able to identify the characteristic pattern of visual field defect; in 4 eyes FDT performed better than SAP; in 4 eyes, SAP performed better than FDT, while in 3 neither test was able to determine the pattern of visual field defect correctly.


CONCLUSIONS
Threshold FDT perimetry seems to be a sensitive instrument for identifying abnormality in eyes with chiasmal compression-induced field defects detected on conventional perimetry.
A modulated model predictive control scheme for a two-level voltage source inverter

Traditional finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) techniques are characterized by a variable switching frequency which causes noise as well as large voltage and current ripple. In this paper a novel predictive control strategy with a fixed switching frequency for a voltage source inverter called as modulated model predictive control (M2PC) is proposed, with the aim of obtaining a modulated waveform at the output of the converter. The feasibility of this strategy is evaluated using simulation results to demonstrate the advantages of predictive control, such as fast dynamic response and the easy inclusion of nonlinearities. Finally, a modified strategy is proposed in order to naturally reduce the common mode voltage. The constraints of the system are maintained but the performance of the system in terms of power quality is improved when compared to FS-MPC.