LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Causes and prognosis of delirium in elderly patients admitted to a district general hospital.

BACKGROUND
delirium is common and is associated with a high early mortality, but less is known about the longer term prognosis.


DESIGN
case-controlled prospective study.


METHODS
all relevant wards were contacted weekly by a research nurse and the nurses were asked to report all patients presenting with confusion. Patients satisfying the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria were included. The diagnosis of delirium was confirmed by a consultant physician. Delirious patients were then followed-up throughout their hospital admission to ascertain the cause of their delirium, and assessed for visual and hearing impairment. The patients were assessed again at 6 and 12 months. Control patients, who were in hospital at the same time and on similar wards, but were not confused, were also examined and followed-up.


RESULTS
171 patients with delirium were identified (78 men and 93 women, mean age 81 years). The commonest cause of delirium was infection (34% of cases), but in 25% there were multiple equally contributory causes. Vision and hearing impairment was significantly more common in patients with delirium [odds ratio (OR) 12.62; confidence intervals (CI) 2.86-114.04, P < 0.001). After 1 year, patients presenting with delirium had an increased mortality (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.25-4.35, P = 0.006), an increased institutionalization rate (OR 4.53; 95% CI 1.80-13.56, P = 0.001) and an increased likelihood of having been re-admitted (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.19-3.54, P = 0.008).


CONCLUSION
delirium has a poor long-term prognosis and may be a marker for functional deterioration and decline in elderly people.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry.

RATIONALE
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease for which the trend is for management in designated centers with multidisciplinary teams working in a shared-care approach.


OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical and hemodynamic parameters and to provide estimates for the prevalence of patients diagnosed for PAH according to a standardized definition.


METHODS
The registry was initiated in 17 university hospitals following at least five newly diagnosed patients per year. All consecutive adult (> or = 18 yr) patients seen between October 2002 and October 2003 were to be included.


MAIN RESULTS
A total of 674 patients (mean +/- SD age, 50 +/- 15 yr; range, 18-85 yr) were entered in the registry. Idiopathic, familial, anorexigen, connective tissue diseases, congenital heart diseases, portal hypertension, and HIV-associated PAH accounted for 39.2, 3.9, 9.5, 15.3, 11.3, 10.4, and 6.2% of the population, respectively. At diagnosis, 75% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Six-minute walk test was 329 +/- 109 m. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and pulmonary vascular resistance index were 55 +/- 15 mm Hg, 2.5 +/- 0.8 L/min/m(2), and 20.5 +/- 10.2 mm Hg/L/min/m(2), respectively. The low estimates of prevalence and incidence of PAH in France were 15.0 cases/million of adult inhabitants and 2.4 cases/million of adult inhabitants/yr. One-year survival was 88% in the incident cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
This contemporary registry highlights current practice and shows that PAH is detected late in the course of the disease, with a majority of patients displaying severe functional and hemodynamic compromise.
An Automatic Revised Tool for Anti-Malicious Injection

Many web application security vulnerabilities result from generic input validation problems. Examples of such vulnerabilities are SQL injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Some sites attempt to protect themselves by filtering malicious input, but a surprising number of web applications have used no mechanisms to validate input. We have developed a advanced tool that can producing a proper input validation function depending on the database server and the application framework. The tool can automatically insert input proper validation function into the server-side program to eliminate vulnerabilities based on malicious injection. To verify the Efficiency of the tool, we picked the websites made up of some example programs included in the books or created by some web generator tools. Among our experiments, the websites have been automatically injected validation function to avoid malicious injection attack.
NOVEL DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL BASED ON SPACE VECTOR MODULATION WITH ADAPTIVE STATOR FLUX OBSERVER FOR INDUCTION MOTORS

In this paper, we present a new approach to the Direct Torque Control (DTC) problem of three-phase induction motor drives. By observing that the DTC objectives, which require the controlled variables to remain within certain bounds, are related to feasibility rather than optimality, and by using a blocking control inputs regime for the whole prediction horizon we derive a low complexity controller. So that in this paper we describes a combination of direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) for an adjustable speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive. The motor drive is supplied by a two-level SVPWM inverter. The inverter reference voltage is obtained based on input-output feedback linearization control, and is compared with the stator D–Q axes reference frame components and this are given to SVPWM inverter. Here we use matlab/simulink for the simulation purpose. The proposed control algorithms are verified by extensive simulation results.
Surgical management for a huge presacral teratoma and a meningocele in an adult with Currarino triad: a case report

BACKGROUND
The Currarino triad is a rare hereditary syndrome comprising anorectal malformation, sacral bony defect, and presacral mass. Most of the patients are diagnosed during infancy.


CASE PRESENTATION
A 44-year-old man was diagnosed with Currarino triad, with a huge presacral teratoma and meningocele. One-stage surgery via posterior approach was successful.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of the presacral mass in the Currarino triad, diagnosed in adulthood, is challenging. Multidisciplinary management and detailed planning before surgery are important for a satisfactory outcome.
Dual-gated cardiac PET–Clinical feasibility study

Both respiratory and cardiac motions reduce image quality in myocardial imaging. For accurate imaging of small structures such as vulnerable coronary plaques, simultaneous cardiac and respiratory gating is warranted. This study tests the feasibility of a recently developed robust method for cardiac-respiratory gating. List-mode data with triggers from respiratory and cardiac cycles are rearranged into dual-gated segments and reconstructed with standard algorithms of a commercial PET/CT scanner. Cardiac gates were defined as three fixed phases and one variable diastolic phase. Chest motion was measured with a respiratory gating device and post-processed to determine gates. Preservation of quantification in dual-gated images was tested with an IEC whole-body phantom. Minipig and human studies were performed to evaluate the feasibility of the method. In minipig studies, a coronary catheter with radioactive tip was guided in coronary artery for in vivo and ex vivo acquisitions. Dual gating in humans with suspected cardiac disorders was performed using 18-F-FDG as a tracer. The method was found feasible for in vivo imaging and the radioactive catheter tip was better resolved in gated images. In human studies, the dual gating was found feasible and easy for clinical routine. Maximal movement of myocardial surface in cranio-caudal direction was over 20 mm. The shape of myocardium was clearly different between the gates and papillary muscles become more visible in diastolic images. The first clinical experiences using robust cardiac-respiratory dual gating are encouraging. Further testing in larger clinical populations using tracers designed especially for plaque imaging is warranted.
The alchemical sources of Robert Boyle's corpuscular philosophy

Summary Robert Boyle is remembered largely for his integration of experiment and the ‘mechanical philosophy’. Although Boyle is occasionally elusive as to what he means precisely by the ‘mechanical philosophy’, it is clear that a major portion of it concerned his corpuscular theory of matter. Historians of science have traditionally viewed Boyle's corpuscular philosophy as the grafting of a physical theory onto a previously incoherent body of alchemy and iatrochemistry. As this essay shows, however, Boyle owed a heavy debt to a longstanding alchemical theory that postulated the corpuscular make-up of metals and various reagents. I have elsewhere argued in a general way for Boyle's debt to alchemical corpuscular theory, but in the present essay I show one of his precise sources—namely the Wittenberg medical professor Daniel Sennert (1572–1637). In his youth Boyle wrote a treatise on corpuscularianism, Of the Atomicall Philosophy, that borrowed heavily from Sennert without acknowledgement. Later works, such...
A synthesis technique for grounded theory data analysis.

AIMS
The purposes of this paper are to examine the issues surrounding current changes in grounded theory (GT) research methods and to explicate an innovative synthesis technique to GT data analysis.


BACKGROUND
In recent years there has been a steady rise in the number of published research reports that use the GT method. However, this growing body of GT literature has been criticized for its lack of adherence to the method as explicated by its originators, Glaser and Strauss.


METHODS
Recent and past literature that explicates, describes, and discusses GT methods is reviewed. A synthesis technique for grounded theory data analysis was developed to analyse qualitative data collected for a grounded theory study on caregiving. This synthesis technique was derived from the works of four grounded theorists (Kathy Charmaz, Mark Chesler, Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss).


RESULTS
The lack of clarity and the inconsistencies surrounding GT analysis, as reported in the literature, resulted in the development of a synthesis technique based on the works of the aforementioned-grounded theorists. The product was a synthesis approach that included analytical steps from each of these authors.


CONCLUSIONS
This synthesis approach increased understanding and enhanced clarity of GT data analysis techniques. This paper illustrates how integration of works by noted qualitative scholars is an appropriate and effective means to advance the discourse on data analysis for GT research studies.
! 7 ! MOTIVATING , INFLUENCING , AND PERSUADING USERS

s on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 722–
Open versus Percutaneous Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: A Short-Term Functional and Radiological Follow-up.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
A prospective cohort study evaluates the functional and radiological outcome of thoracolumbar spine fractures treated either with open or percutaneous dorsal instrumentation. In recent years, several studies advocate percutaneous stabilization of spinal fractures in patients without neurological deficits. However, it is still debated whether percutaneous stabilization is superior to open dorsal instrumentation in spinal trauma.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study was performed between 2010 and 2012 at a Level 1 trauma center. Patients treated either with an open or a percutaneous dorsal instrumentation for traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine (T11 to L2) were included. Fracture morphology, screw positioning and clinical parameters were analyzed. Standardized questionnaires (VAS-spine-score; Oswestry-disability-score; SF-36) and follow up radiographs were performed.


RESULTS
Overall 72 patients (29 percutaneous; 43 open) could be included. The surgical and the early postsurgical course were similar between both groups. Furthermore the operative approach had no influence on the functional and radiological outcome one year after surgery, but the questionnaires showed moderate impairments within both groups. Also both groups showed a significant loss of reduction after the first postoperative month (p < 0.01). Within the open group a significantly higher amount of fracture reduction (p < 0.01) and a significantly reduced intraoperative radiation exposure was seen (open 105.9 sec.; percutaneous 143.1 sec; p < 0.05); whereas the percutaneous approach was associated with significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss (open 2.2 g/dl; percutaneous 1.2 g/dl; p < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
The functional and the radiological outcome of both groups was comparable one year after trauma. Minor advantages of the percutaneous system was less blood loss, whereas the open approach was associated with a significantly higher amount of initial reduction and significantly less intraoperative radiation exposure. Independent from the type of posterior fixation loss of reduction was already significant in the early postoperative course.
Collaborative Topic Regression with Social Matrix Factorization for Recommendation Systems

Social network websites, such as Facebook, YouTube, Lastfm etc, have become a popular platform for users to connect with each other and share content or opinions. They provide rich information for us to study the influence of user’s social circle in their decision process. In this paper, we are interested in examining the effectiveness of social network information to predict the user’s ratings of items. We propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian model which jointly incorporates topic modeling and probabilistic matrix factorization of social networks. A major advantage of our model is to automatically infer useful latent topics and social information as well as their importance to collaborative filtering from the training data. Empirical experiments on two large-scale datasets show that our algorithm provides a more effective recommendation system than the state-of-the art approaches. Our results reveal interesting insight that the social circles have more influence on people’s decisions about the usefulness of information (e.g., bookmarking preference on Delicious) than personal taste (e.g., music preference on Lastfm). We also examine and discuss solutions on potential information leak in many recommendation systems that utilize social information. Appearing in Proceedings of the 29 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 2012. Copyright 2012 by the author(s)/owner(s).
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Vol 1: From Creation to evolution geography astronomy from "Signs and Wonders" to law in the heavens from Genesis to geology the antiquity of man, Egyptology, and Assyriology the antiquity of man and prehistoric archaeology the "Fall of Man" and anthropology the "Fall of Man" and ethnology the "Fall of Man" and history from "The Prince of the Power of the Air" to meteorology from magic to chemistry and physics. Vol 2: From miracles to medicine from fetich to hygiene from "Demoniacal Possession" to insanity from diabolism to hysteria from Babel to comparative philology from the Dead Sea legends to comparative mythology from Leviticus to political economy from the Divine Oracles to the higher criticism.
Sandblasted and acid-etched dental implants: a histologic study in rats.

PURPOSE
Current literature has revealed that surface etching of endosseous implants can improve bone-implant contact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in bone-implant contact (BIC) between sandblasted/acid-etched and machined-surface implants.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Two implant surfaces, Ecotek (sandblasted/ acid-etched) and machined, were used with 1 implant placed in each tibia of the animals. A total of 64 implants were placed. BIC was evaluated at 5, 15, 30, and 60 days. Histomorphometry of the BIC was evaluated statistically.


RESULTS
The sandblasted/acid-etched surface demonstrated a greater BIC percentage than the machined surface. This difference was statistically significant only at 30 and 60 days after healing.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The sandblasted/acid-etched surface demonstrated a stronger bone response than the machined one at a later period of healing.
No Please, After You: Detecting Fraud in Affiliate Marketing Networks

Cookie stuffing is an activity which allows unscrupulous actors online to defraud affiliate marketing programs by causing themselves to receive credit for purchases made by web users, even if the affiliate marketer did not actively perform any marketing for the affiliate program. Using two months of HTTP request logs from a large public university, we present an empirical study of fraud in affiliate marketing programs. First, we develop an efficient, decision-tree based technique for detecting cookie-stuffing in HTTP request logs. Our technique replicates domain-informed human labeling of the same data with 93.3% accuracy. Second, we find that over one-third of publishers in affiliate marketing programs use fraudulent cookie-stuffing techniques in an attempt to claim credit from online retailers for illicit referrals. However, most realized conversions are credited to honest publishers. Finally, we present a stake holder analysis of affiliate marketing fraud and find that the costs and rewards of affiliate marketing programs are spread across all parties involved. Biography Peter Snyder is pursuing a Ph.D. in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He received his B.A. in political science at Lawrence University, with a focus on economics. His current research focuses on the security and privacy of web browsing. His current projects include measuring the popularity, desirability and security costs of browser complexity, and investigating alternative web systems that prioritize client security and code predictability at minimal cost to web-author expressivity. ** ALL ARE WELCOME ** Host: Professor Kehuan Zhang (Tel: 3943-8391, Email: khzhang@ie.cuhk.edu.hk) Enquiries: Information Engineering Dept., CUHK (Tel.: 3943-8385)
Pattern Recognition for Downhole Dynamometer Card in Oil Rod Pump System using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents the development of an Artificial Neural Network system for Dynamometer Card pattern recognition in oil well rod pump systems. It covers the establishment of pattern classes and a set of standards for training and validation, the study of descriptors which allow the design and the implementation of features extractor, training, analysis and finally the validation and performance test with
Guidelines for the first-line treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, prevention and treatment of dopaminergic augmentation: a combined task force of the IRLSSG, EURLSSG, and the RLS-foundation.

A Task Force was established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) in conjunction with the European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (EURLSSG) and the RLS Foundation (RLS-F) to develop evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of long-term pharmacologic treatment of dopaminergic-induced augmentation in restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED). The Task Force made the following prevention and treatment recommendations: As a means to prevent augmentation, medications such as α2δ ligands may be considered for initial RLS/WED treatment; these drugs are effective and have little risk of augmentation. Alternatively, if dopaminergic drugs are elected as initial treatment, then the daily dose should be as low as possible and not exceed that recommended for RLS/WED treatment. However, the physician should be aware that even low dose dopaminergics can cause augmentation. Patients with low iron stores should be given appropriate iron supplementation. Daily treatment by either medication should start only when symptoms have a significant impact on quality of life in terms of frequency and severity; intermittent treatment might be considered in intermediate cases. Treatment of existing augmentation should be initiated, where possible, with the elimination/correction of extrinsic exacerbating factors (iron levels, antidepressants, antihistamines, etc.). In cases of mild augmentation, dopamine agonist therapy can be continued by dividing or advancing the dose, or increasing the dose if there are breakthrough night-time symptoms. Alternatively, the patient can be switched to an α2δ ligand or rotigotine. For severe augmentation the patient can be switched either to an α2δ ligand or rotigotine, noting that rotigotine may also produce augmentation at higher doses with long-term use. In more severe cases of augmentation an opioid may be considered, bypassing α2δ ligands and rotigotine.
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Functional Predictors of Efficacy.

BACKGROUND
International guidelines recommend the inclusion of patients with bronchiectasis in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) to improve exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). At present, the effect of PR in these patients has been poorly investigated.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of our retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effects and predictors of success for a PR program in patients with bronchiectasis not related to cystic fibrosis (non-CF bronchiectasis).


METHODS
One hundred and thirty-five non-CF bronchiectasis inpatients, allocated to a 3-week PR program, were retrospectively evaluated. Exercise capacity (6-min walk distance, 6MWD), dyspnea (Baseline/Transition Dyspnea Index, BDI/TDI), and HRQoL [EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS)] were assessed before and after PR. The relationship between baseline parameters and changes in outcome measures after PR was assessed. Both univariate and multiple logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of independent predictors of the efficacy of PR.


RESULTS
One hundred and eight patients [49 males, mean age 71 years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 76% predicted] were included. After PR, there was a significant improvement in 6MWD, TDI, and EQ-VAS score (p < 0.001). Changes in 6MWD and EQ-VAS score correlated with baseline FEV1, FEV1/vital capacity (VC), residual volume, transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide, and the number of exacerbations in the previous year. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that male gender, baseline FEV1/VC <70%, and >2 exacerbations in the previous year were independent predictors of PR efficacy in terms of an improvement in 6MWD.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study supports the inclusion of patients with bronchiectasis in PR programs. Clinical and functional baseline findings partially predict the response to PR in terms of exercise tolerance. Further prospective, randomized, controlled trials are needed.
Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with carboplatin in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer as outpatient chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND
The aims of this study were to determine the recommended dose (RD) in combination chemotherapy of S-1 and carboplatin in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer (phase I) and to examine response rate and toxicities at RD (phase II).


METHODS
S-1 was given orally at a fixed dose of 40, 50, or 60 mg twice daily based on the patient's body surface area for 21 days followed by a 14-day rest. In phase I, carboplatin was given intravenously to a cohort of three patients on day 8 at a dose of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 area under the curve (AUC) values, depending on the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs).


RESULTS
In phase I, the RD was estimated as 2.5 AUC. In phase II, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were most commonly found as hematologic DLTs, which were manageable without hospitalization. The response rate was 40.9%.


CONCLUSIONS
This regimen is considered to be active against recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer in an outpatient setting.