LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Trusting and trustworthiness: What are they, how to measure them, and what affects them

0167-4870/$ see front matter 2009 Published b doi:10.1016/j.joep.2009.10.001 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +16126240867. E-mail address: benne001@umn.edu (A. Ben-Ner The study examines trust by investigating potential determinants (factors determined at birth and childhood) and correlates (various views and attitudes) of trusting and trustworthiness. We examine behavioral and survey measures and conclude that the amount sent in the trust game is a good, albeit partial and overreaching, measure of one facet of trust. Common survey measures of trusting capture well other facets of trusting. The proportion sent back in the trust game represents well trustworthiness in the specific context in which it was developed, an investment situation, but falls short in capturing other facets of trustworthiness. The Machiavellian scale appears to be a weak measure of any facets of trustworthiness. Gender is the primary determinant of investment-related facet of trusting, and personality is a strong determinant of other facets. One personality trait – agreeableness – explains investment-related trustworthiness. 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Transform Analysis and Asset Pricing for AÆne Jump-Di usions

In the setting of \aÆne" jump-di usion state processes, this paper provides an analytical treatment of a class of transforms, including various Laplace and Fourier transforms as special cases, that allow an analytical treatment of a range of valuation and econometric problems. Example applications include xed-income pricing models, with a role for intensity-based models of default, as well as a wide range of option-pricing applications. An illustrative example examines the implications of stochastic volatility and jumps for option valuation. This example hightlights the impact on option `smirks' of the joint distribution of jumps in volatility and jumps in the underlying asset price, through both jump amplitude as well as jump timing. DuÆe is with the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, duÆe@stanford.edu. Pan is with the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, junpan@stanford.edu. Singleton is with the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 and NBER, kenneths@future.stanford.edu. We are grateful for extensive discussions with Jun Liu; conversations with Jean Jacod, Monika Piazzesi, Philip Protter, and Ruth Williams; helpful suggestions by anonymous referees and the editor, Alain Monfort; and support from the Financial Research Initiative, The Stanford Program in Finance, and the Gi ord Fong Associates Fund, at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University. This paper can be downloaded at http://www.stanford.edu/ duffie/, http://www.stanford.edu/ kenneths/, or http://www.stanford.edu/ junpan/.
Elimination of antibodies to recombinant enzyme in Pompe's disease.

To the Editor: Infantile Pompe’s disease is due to a deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). In patients in whom GAA is not produced, a status called cross-reacting immunologic material (CRIM)–negative, enzyme-replacement therapy with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) has uniformly led to high titers of anti-rhGAA antibody, with an ultimately fatal outcome.1 Previous attempts at eliminating rhGAA antibodies in these patients have failed.1-3 We report the successful induction of immune modulation in a CRIM-negative patient with Pompe’s disease who continues to be antibody-free at 24 months of age and continues to gain motor milestones. A baby boy of African-American descent presented at 5 weeks of age with cardiomyopathy and decreased muscle tone. The diagnosis of Pompe’s disease was confirmed by means of enzymatic analysis and molecular evidence of the homozygote R854 stop mutation in the GAA gene. No GAA was detected on a Western blot skin-fibroblast assay, confirming the infant’s CRIM-negative status. Enzyme-replacement therapy with rhGAA (Myozyme, Genzyme) was initiated when the patient was 7 weeks of age (Fig. 1).1 Levels of IgG antibodies against rhGAA, measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,1 increased rapidly, reaching a titer of 1:1600
DP2PN2Solver: A flexible dynamic programming solver software tool

Abstract: Dynamic programming (DP) is a very general optimization technique, which can be applied to numerous decision problems that typically require a sequence of decisions to be made. The solver software DP2PN2Solver presented in this paper is a general, flexible, and expandable software tool that solves DP problems. It consists of modules on two levels. A level one module takes the specification of a discrete DP problem instance as input and produces an intermediate Petri net (PN) representation called Bellman net (Lew, 2002; Lew, Mauch, 2003, 2004) as output — a middle layer, which concisely captures all the essential elements of a DP problem in a standardized and mathematically precise fashion. The optimal solution for the problem instance is computed by an “executable” code (e.g. Java, Spreadsheet, etc.) derived by a level two module from the Bellman net representation. DP2PN2Solver’s unique potential lies in its Bellman net representation. In theory, a PN’s intrinsic concurrency allows to distribute the computational load encountered when solving a single DP problem instance to several computational units.
Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems

This paper describes a research project to develop a network of high-precision phasor measurement units, termed micro-synchrophasors or μPMUs, and explore the applications of μPMU data for electric power distribution systems.
Integrated bio-behavioural HIV surveillance surveys among female sex workers in Sudan, 2011–2012

OBJECTIVES
To assess HIV and syphilis prevalence, HIV-related behaviours and testing for HIV in female sex workers (FSW) in Sudan.


DESIGN
Bio-behavioural surveys using respondent-driven sampling were carried out among FSW in the capital cities of 14 states in Sudan in 2011-2012. HIV and syphilis testing was done by rapid tests.


RESULTS
4220 FSW aged 15-49 years were recruited. The median age of recruited women varied from 21 to 28 years per site. The highest HIV prevalence was measured at two sites in the eastern zone (5.0% and 7.7%), while in the other zones it ranged from 0% to 1.5%. Syphilis prevalence ranged from 1.5% in the northern zone to 8.9% in the eastern zone. Ever having been tested for HIV was reported by 4.4%-23.9% of FSW across all sites. Condom use at last sex with a client varied from 4.7% to 55.1%, while consistent condom use with clients in the month preceding the surveys was reported by 0.7%-24.5% of FSW. The highest reporting of ever injecting drugs was measured at a site in the western zone (5.0%).


CONCLUSIONS
The surveys' findings indicate that the highest burden of HIV in FSW is in the eastern states of the country. Condom use and HIV testing data demonstrate the need for HIV interventions that should focus on HIV testing and risk reduction strategies that include stronger condom promotion programmes in FSW and their clients.
A twin study of the genetics of fear conditioning.

BACKGROUND
Fear conditioning is a traditional model for the acquisition of fears and phobias. Studies of the genetic architecture of fear conditioning may inform gene-finding strategies for anxiety disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in fear conditioning by means of a twin sample.


METHODS
Classic fear conditioning data were experimentally obtained from 173 same-sex twin pairs (90 monozygotic and 83 dizygotic). Sequences of evolutionary fear-relevant (snakes and spiders) and fear-irrelevant (circles and triangles) pictorial stimuli served as conditioned stimuli paired with a mild electric shock serving as the unconditioned stimulus. The outcome measure was the electrodermal skin conductance response. We applied structural equation modeling methods to the 3 conditioning phases of habituation, acquisition, and extinction to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors underlie individual variation in associative and nonassociative learning.


RESULTS
All components of the fear conditioning process in humans demonstrated moderate heritability, in the range of 35% to 45%. Best-fitting multivariate models suggest that 2 sets of genes may underlie the trait of fear conditioning: one that most strongly affects nonassociative processes of habituation that also is shared with acquisition and extinction, and a second that appears related to associative fear conditioning processes. In addition, these data provide tentative evidence of differences in heritability based on the fear relevance of the stimuli.


CONCLUSION
Genes represent a significant source of individual variation in the habituation, acquisition, and extinction of fears, and genetic effects specific to fear conditioning are involved.
Automatic Generation of Floating-Point Test Data

For numerical programs, or more generally for programs with floating-point data, it may be that large savings of time and storage are made possible by using numerical maximization methods instead of symbolic execution to generate test data. Two examples, a matrix factorization subroutine and a sorting method, illustrate the types of data generation problems that can be successfully treated with such maximization techniques.
Biometric technologies and applications

Biometric technologies focus on the verification and identification of humans using their possessed biological (anatomical, physiological and behavioral) properties. T his paper overview current advances in biometric technologies , as well as some aspects of system integration, privacy and security and accompanying problems such as testing and evaluation.
Periodontal bacteremia and various vascular diseases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Weak oral bacteria, such as periodontal bacteria, have been found in various vascular lesions, including atheroma, the thrombus of the occluded artery of Buerger's disease, the abdominal aortic aneurismal wall and varicose veins. Serum titer levels of each bacterium are now available and have shown a significant relationship between severity and individual differences.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Medline and Tokyo Medical and Dental University databases were searched to identify the literature currently available on oral bacteria and vascular diseases.


RESULTS
It is estimated that lymph vessel openings trap bacteria en route from the mouth to the bloodstream and then carry them to the vein of the venous angle near the supraclavicular area. In the case of periodontal bacteria, a typical bacterium, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, strongly activates platelets and makes them mass, including the bacteria without phagocytosis. Simultaneously, cytokines and serotonin are discharged. Platelet engulfment was clearly demonstrated by electron microscopy analysis. An animal study using rats showed the formation of a small arterial thrombus after continuous intravenous infusion of P. gingivalis for 2-4 wk.


CONCLUSION
Weak oral bacteria, such as periodontal bacteria, may play an important role in the development of various vascular diseases, such as Buerger's disease, atherosclerosis and varicose veins, through bacteremia.
Argumentative Design Rationale and the Object-Oriented Development Process : better analysis , better design

Many analysis and modeling problems done today for in mation technology applications lead to the solution of system problems. In the developm ent of these solutions, reasoning is a major component. The reasoning component which is normall y neglected can be captured in Rationale Models. Rationale Models represent the reasoning th at lead to the system solution. This reasoning is defined as Design Rational (DR). There ave been a number of research studies into DR, however, in this research, it was found that in dustry has neglected DR in their system analysis because of the increased time and effort r equired to capture and implement DR. Some of the benefits of DR are: 1) maintenance is more effi ci nt and effective, 2) system scalability is increased, and 3) training of users and developers is easier. This paper proposes a systematic approach to the capture of argumentative DR and an integration of argumentative DR with the Object-Oriented system development lifecycle. Chang e is a constant in the implementation and use of systems, hence, this paper also raises the i su of “how should argumentative DR be stored and integrated with the system to maximize i ts ut lity to the system.
Missing forms and dropout in the TME quality of life substudy

Objective Missing forms may pose problems in health related quality of life (QOL) studies, because the absence of a QOL measure may be related to the patient’s health and hence to the patient’s QOL itself. Studying patterns of missingness, dropout, and the possible impact of missing data on QOL measures is an important step in reporting outcomes of QOL studies. We study patterns of dropout and evaluate the impact of missing forms in the TME QOL substudy. Methods: Patients with rectal cancer, randomized to receive either radiotherapy plus total mesorectal excision (TME) or TME only were included in the TME trial. QOL was evaluated in 1302 Dutch patients, before treatment, and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. Here only the visual analogue score (VAS) was studied. Results: At baseline, differences between VAS scores were found with respect to whether the QOL forms were dated before or after radiotherapy and surgery. Differences were small between different statistical methods accounting for dropout; only a cross-sectional analysis gave biased results. Conclusion The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that a linear mixed model analysis is a reliable and attractive approach for this study.
Strengthening Customer Loyalty Through Intimacy and Passion : Roles of Customer – Firm Affection and Customer – Staff Relationships in Services

Vol. XLV (December 2008), 741–756 741 © 2008, American Marketing Association ISSN: 0022-2437 (print), 1547-7193 (electronic) *Chi Kin (Bennett) Yim is Professor of Marketing (e-mail: yim@ business.hku.hk), and David K. Tse is Chair Professor of International Marketing (e-mail: davidtse@business.hku.hk), School of Business, University of Hong Kong. Kimmy Wa Chan is Assistant Professor of Marketing, Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (e-mail: mskimmy@polyu.edu.hk).This research was funded by a Hong Kong SAR RGC research grant awarded to the first two authors. Ruth Bolton and Jeffrey Inman served as associate editors for this article. CHI KIN (BENNETT) YIM, DAVID K. TSE, and KIMMY WA CHAN*
Educational Theories: Equality, Democracy, and Justice

This syllabus is for a course in educational studies, a required course for master’s-level students and an elective for doctoral students. The course has two topical purposes within the curriculum in addition to the general purpose of encouraging processes of thinking and writing. In outlining the aims of the instructor and including one student's perspective, the syllabus functions as a tool for generating a voice rather than establishing expectations.
Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the National Comorbidity Survey.

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and subsequent onset of psychiatric disorders, accounting for other childhood adversities, CSA type, and chronicity of the abuse.


METHODS
Retrospective reports of CSA, other adversities, and psychiatric disorders were obtained by the National Comorbidity Survey, a nationally representative survey of the United States (n = 5877). Reports were analyzed by multivariate methods.


RESULTS
CSA was reported by 13.5% of women and 2.5% of men. When other childhood adversities were controlled for, significant associations were found between CSA and subsequent onset of 14 mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders among women and 5 among men. In a subsample of respondents reporting no other adversities, odds of depression and substance problems associated with CSA were higher. Among women, rape (vs molestation), knowing the perpetrator (vs strangers), and chronicity of CSA (vs isolated incidents) were associated with higher odds of some disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
CSA usually occurs as part of a larger syndrome of childhood adversities. Nonetheless, CSA, whether alone or in a larger adversity cluster, is associated with substantial increased risk of subsequent psychopathology.
Acetylation of Beclin 1 inhibits autophagosome maturation and promotes tumour growth

Beclin 1, a protein essential for autophagy, regulates autophagy by interacting with Vps34 and other cofactors to form the Beclin 1 complex. Modifications of Beclin 1 may lead to the induction, inhibition or fine-tuning of the autophagic response under a variety of conditions. Here we show that Beclin 1 is acetylated by p300 and deacetylated by SIRT1 at lysine residues 430 and 437. In addition, the phosphorylation of Beclin 1 at S409 by CK1 is required for the subsequent p300 binding and Beclin 1 acetylation. Beclin 1 acetylation inhibits autophagosome maturation and endocytic trafficking by promoting the recruitment of Rubicon. In tumour xenografts, the expression of 2KR mutant Beclin 1 (substitution of K430 and K437 to arginines) leads to enhanced autophagosome maturation and tumour growth suppression. Therefore, our study identifies an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing Beclin 1 function in autophagosome maturation and tumour growth.
The control like a development tool of the Fundamentals of Technology

This paper shows the results of the research applied since February of 2004 in the first semesters of the programs of Teaching in Electronics and Teaching in Design of the Universidad Pedagogica Nacional of Colombia, it develops the curricular proposal in practice and its methodology articulating the electronics, the design and computer science like potencial elements of the proposal around control elements, measurement and systems.
What is the economic evidence for mHealth? A systematic review of economic evaluations of mHealth solutions

BACKGROUND
Mobile health (mHealth) is often reputed to be cost-effective or cost-saving. Despite optimism, the strength of the evidence supporting this assertion has been limited. In this systematic review the body of evidence related to economic evaluations of mHealth interventions is assessed and summarized.


METHODS
Seven electronic bibliographic databases, grey literature, and relevant references were searched. Eligibility criteria included original articles, comparison of costs and consequences of interventions (one categorized as a primary mHealth intervention or mHealth intervention as a component of other interventions), health and economic outcomes and published in English. Full economic evaluations were appraised using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist and The PRISMA guidelines were followed.


RESULTS
Searches identified 5902 results, of which 318 were examined at full text, and 39 were included in this review. The 39 studies spanned 19 countries, most of which were conducted in upper and upper-middle income countries (34, 87.2%). Primary mHealth interventions (35, 89.7%), behavior change communication type interventions (e.g., improve attendance rates, medication adherence) (27, 69.2%), and short messaging system (SMS) as the mHealth function (e.g., used to send reminders, information, provide support, conduct surveys or collect data) (22, 56.4%) were most frequent; the most frequent disease or condition focuses were outpatient clinic attendance, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The average percent of CHEERS checklist items reported was 79.6% (range 47.62-100, STD 14.18) and the top quartile reported 91.3-100%. In 29 studies (74.3%), researchers reported that the mHealth intervention was cost-effective, economically beneficial, or cost saving at base case.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight a growing body of economic evidence for mHealth interventions. Although all studies included a comparison of intervention effectiveness of a health-related outcome and reported economic data, many did not report all recommended economic outcome items and were lacking in comprehensive analysis. The identified economic evaluations varied by disease or condition focus, economic outcome measurements, perspectives, and were distributed unevenly geographically, limiting formal meta-analysis. Further research is needed in low and low-middle income countries and to understand the impact of different mHealth types. Following established economic reporting guidelines will improve this body of research.
Fulfilling the needs of gray-sheep users in recommender systems, a clustering solution

Recommender systems apply data mining techniques for filtering unseen information and can predict whether a user would like a given item. This paper focuses ongraysheep users problem responsible for the increased error rate in collaborative filtering based recommender systems algorithms. The main contribution of this paper lies in showing that (1) the presence of gray-sheep users can affect the performance — accuracy and coverage—of collaborative filtering based algorithms, depending on the data sparsity and distribution; (2) graysheep users can be identified using clustering algorithms in offline fashion, where the similarity threshold to isolate these users from the rest of clusters can be found empirically; (3) contentbased profile of gray-sheep users can be used for making accurat e recommendations. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithmis tested on the MovieLens dataset and community of movie fans in the FilmTrust Website, using mean absolute error, receiver operating characteristic sensitivity, and coverage. Keywords-Recommender systems; Collaborative filtering; Content-based filtering; Gray-sheep users; Clustering
The Role of Psychological Distress in Relapse Prevention of Alcohol Addiction. Can High Scores on the SCL-90-R Predict Alcohol Relapse?

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify if psychological distress may contribute to treatment outcome in alcohol-addicted patients during a follow-up period of 5 months after detoxification.


METHODS
As part of a prospective, multicenter, randomized study in relapse prevention, patients' levels of psychological distress were assessed using the Symptome Checklist (SCL-90-R). At study inclusion, all patients were detoxified and showed no more withdrawal symptoms. The patients who relapsed during the 5-month follow-up period were compared with those who remained abstinent. Predictors for relapse were investigated in a logistic regression.


RESULTS
First, a significant difference in initial psychological distress between patients who stayed abstinent and patients who relapsed was found: following detoxification, patients who relapsed scored significantly higher on the SCL-90-R at study inclusion. In addition, psychological distress differed over time in both groups. Second, patients without relapse showed a larger decrease in some SCL-90-R scales between the beginning and the end of the observation period than patients who relapsed. Third, the logistic regression analyses showed that high scores on the overall score GSI (Global Severity Index) of the SCL-90-R can be seen as a predictor for future relapse.


CONCLUSION
The SCL-90-R may be a useful instrument to predict relapse. As our study indicates that high levels of psychological distress increases the risk of relapse, specific interventions may be targeted at this risk factor.