LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Semantic-Unit-Based Dilated Convolution for Multi-Label Text Classification

A novel model for multi-label text classification based on Seq2Seq; Generate semantic unit representations with dilated convolution; Hybrid attention to integrate semantic unit and word information; Improved results on benchmark datasets Comparable to hierarchical models but with fewer costs. Sequence-to-Sequence as Baseline  Encoder: Bidirectional LSTM  Decoder: LSTM for sequential decoding. Training is with teacher forcing.  Attention mechanism: global attention for the relevant sourceside information Motivation Labels for text have internal correlation; The relation between label and text is complex; Semantic unit demonstrating event is more informative; Significant key words can make a difference. Results Ablation tests and Comparison with Hierarchical Models Experiments Datasets: Reuters Corpus Volume I (RCV1-v2) and Ren-CECps; Metric: Hamming Loss and MicroF1 score Conclusion  A new model for multi-label text classification with the combination of Seq2Seq and dilated convolution;  Classification based on semantic units and key words;  Outperform the baselines and robust to labels of low frequency. Dilated Convolution for Semantic Unit  Multi-level dilated convolution over the outputs of the encoder tend to extract information of semantic units. Hybrid Attention for Integration  Hybrid Attention allows the integration of the attention to the semantic unit information and the word information. Pengcheng Yang2 Performance on labels of low frequency  Remove the top 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 most frequent labels subsequently  More robust to the classification of labels of low frequency
Unsupervised Meta-Learning For Few-Shot Image and Video Classification

Few-shot or one-shot learning of classifiers for images or videos is an important next frontier in computer vision. The extreme paucity of training data means that the learning must start with a significant inductive bias towards the type of task to be learned. One way to acquire this is by meta-learning on tasks similar to the target task. However, if the meta-learning phase requires labeled data for a large number of tasks closely related to the target task, it not only increases the difficulty and cost, but also conceptually limits the approach to variations of well-understood domains. In this paper, we propose UMTRA, an algorithm that performs meta-learning on an unlabeled dataset in an unsupervised fashion, without putting any constraint on the classifier network architecture. UMTRA uses statistical diversity properties and domain-specific augmentations to generate the training and validation data for a collection of synthetic tasks, {. . . T ′ i . . .}. These tasks are then used in a meta-learning process. The only requirements towards the dataset are: sufficient size, diversity and number of classes, and relevance of the domain to the one in the target task. Exploiting this information, UMTRA generates synthetic training tasks for the meta-learning phase. We evaluate UMTRA on few-shot and one-shot learning on both image and video domains. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate meta-learning approaches on UCF-101. On the Omniglot and Mini-Imagenet few-shot learning benchmarks, UMTRA outperforms every tested approach based on unsupervised learning of representations, while alternating for the best performance with the recent CACTUs algorithm. We also evaluate our approach on the CelebA dataset which is unbalanced. Compared to supervised model-agnostic meta-learning approaches, UMTRA trades off some classification accuracy for a vast decrease in the number of labeled data needed. For instance, on the five-way one-shot classification on the Omniglot, we retain 85% of the accuracy of MAML, a recently proposed supervised meta-learning algorithm, while reducing the number of required labels from 24005 to 5.
Oral and intravenous dosage forms of pantoprazole are equivalent in their ability to suppress gastric acid secretion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the ability of pantoprazole to maintain gastric acid suppression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who are switched from an oral (p.o.) to an intravenous (i.v.) dosage form.METHODS:A total of 65 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were administered either 40 or 20 mg of p.o. pantoprazole daily for 10 days, then were switched to either a matching dose of i.v. pantoprazole or to placebo for 7 days. Acid output (basal and maximal) was measured at the end of the p.o. treatment period and on the first and last days of i.v. therapy. In the primary efficacy analysis, the acid output values at the end of the p.o. pantoprazole treatment were compared with those at the end of the i.v. treatment. Safety was monitored by periodic vital sign measurements, clinical laboratory evaluations, ophthalmic examinations, electrocardiograms, and reports of adverse events. The data were tested by an analysis of covariance and by Wilcoxon signed rank and t tests.RESULTS:Maximal acid output (mean ± SD) in the 40 mg and 20 mg pantoprazole group after p.o. treatment was 6.5 ± 5.6 mEq/h and 14.5 ± 15.5 mEq/h, respectively; whereas, at the end of the i.v. treatment period, the values were 6.6 ± 6.3 mEq/h and 11.1 ± 10.2 mEq/h, respectively. In patients given i.v. placebo, acid output was significantly (p < 0.05) increased to 29.2 ± 13.0 mEq/h by day 7. Both p.o. and i.v. pantoprazole dosage forms had similar favorable safety and tolerability profiles.CONCLUSIONS:The p.o. and i.v. formulations of pantoprazole (40 and 20 mg) are equivalent in their ability to suppress gastric acid output. The i.v. form of pantoprazole offers an alternative for gastroesophageal reflux disease patients who are unable to take the p.o. formulation.
Management accounting and integrated information systems: A literature review

In order to further advance research within management accounting and integrated information systems (IIS), an understanding of what research has already been done and what research is needed is of particular importance. The purpose of this paper is to uncover, classify and interpret current research within management accounting and IIS. This is done partly to identify research gaps and propose directions for future research and partly to guide researchers and practitioners investigating and making decisions on how to better synthesise the two areas. Based on the strengths of existing frameworks covering elements of management accounting and IIS a new and more comprehensive theoretical framework is developed. This is used as a basis for classifying and presentation of the reviewed literature in structured form. The outcome of the review is an identification of research gaps and a proposal of research opportunities within different research paradigms and with the use of different methods. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A new approach for JPEG resize and image splicing detection

Today's ubiquitous digital media are easily tampered by, e.g., removing or adding objects from or into images without leaving any obvious clues. JPEG is a most widely used standard in digital images and it can be easily doctored. It is therefore necessary to have reliable methods to detect forgery in JPEG images for applications in law enforcement, forensics, etc. In this paper, based on the correlation of neighboring Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients, we propose a method to detect resized JPEG images and spliced images, which are widely used in image forgery. In detail, the neighboring joint density features of the DCT coefficients are extracted; then Support Vector Machines (SVM) are applied to the features for detection. To improve the evaluation of JPEG resized detection, we utilize the shape parameter of generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) of DCT coefficients to measure the image complexity.
 The study shows that our method is highly effective in detecting JPEG images resizing and splicing forgery. In the detection of resized JPEG image, the performance is related to both image complexity and resize scale factor. At the same scale factor, the detection performance in high image complexity is, as can be expected, lower than that in low image complexity.
Drucker's Lost Art of Management: Peter Drucker's Timeless Vision for Building Effective Organizations

Introduction Chapter 1: Origins of Management as a Liberal Art in Peter Drucker's Writings Chapter 2: Management and Liberal Arts Traditions: Bridging the Two Worlds Chapter 3: Contributions of Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 4: Federalism and the Distribution of Power and Authority Chapter 5: The Human Dimension and Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 6: Effective Leadership as a Liberal Art Chapter 7: Social Ecology and the Practice of Management as a Liberal Art Chapter 8: Applied Social Ecology: Innovation and Change for a Hopeful and Bearable Society Conclusion
The Correlation Between the Method of Sympathetic Ablation for Palmar Hyperhidrosis and the Occurrence of Compensatory Hyperhidrosis: A Review

Upper dorsal sympathectomy achieves excellent long-term results in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory hyperhidrosis (CHH) remains an unexplained sequel of this treatment, attaining in a small percentage of cases disastrous proportions. It has been claimed that lowering the level of sympathectomy (from T2 to T3 and even T4), substituting resection by other means of ablation, and limiting its extend reduce the occurrence of this sequel. This review was designed to evaluate the validity of these claims. A MEDLINE search was performed for the years 1990–2006 and all publications about thoracoscopic upper dorsal sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis were retrieved. The search identified 42 techniques of sympathetic ablation. However, pertinent data for the present study were reported for only 23 techniques with multiple publications found only for 10. The only statistically valid results from this review point that T2 resection and R2 transection of the chain (over the second rib) ensue in less CHH than does electrocoagulation of T2. Further comparisons were probably prevented due to the enormous disparity in the reported results, indicating lack of standardization in definitions. The compiled results published so far in the literature do not support the claims that lowering the level of sympathetic ablation, using a method of ablation other than resection, or restricting the extend of sympathetic ablation for primary palmar hyperhidrosis result in less CHH. In the future, standardization of the methods of retrieving and reporting data are necessary to allow such a comparison of data.
Life event dimensions of loss, humiliation, entrapment, and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety.

BACKGROUND
Although substantial evidence suggests that stressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes of depression and anxiety, the essential features of these events that are depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain.


METHODS
High contextual threat stressful life events, assessed in 98 592 person-months from 7322 male and female adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, were blindly rated on the dimensions of humiliation, entrapment, loss, and danger and their categories. Onsets of pure major depression (MD), pure generalized anxiety syndrome (GAS) (defined as generalized anxiety disorder with a 2-week minimum duration), and mixed MD-GAS episodes were examined using logistic regression.


RESULTS
Onsets of pure MD and mixed MD-GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and humiliation. Onsets of pure GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and danger. High ratings of entrapment predicted only onsets of mixed episodes. The loss categories of death and respondent-initiated separation predicted pure MD but not pure GAS episodes. Events with a combination of humiliation (especially other-initiated separation) and loss were more depressogenic than pure loss events, including death. No sex differences were seen in the prediction of episodes of illness by event categories.


CONCLUSIONS
In addition to loss, humiliating events that directly devalue an individual in a core role were strongly linked to risk for depressive episodes. Event dimensions and categories that predispose to pure MD vs pure GAS episodes can be distinguished with moderate specificity. The event dimensions that preceded mixed MD-GAS episodes were largely the sum of those that preceded pure MD and pure GAS episodes.
A voltage scalable 0.26V, 64kb 8T SRAM with Vmin lowering techniques and deep sleep mode

A voltage scalable 0.26 V, 64 kb 8 T SRAM with 512 cells per bitline is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process. Reverse short channel effect was utilized to improve cell write margin and read performance. A marginal bitline leakage compensation scheme was used during read operation to lower Vmin down to 0.26 V. Floating write bitline and read bitline, auto wordline pulse width control, and a deep sleep mode minimize the active and standby leakage power consumption.
Supply-Side Sociology of the Family: The Challenge of the New Home Economics

In this paper we review recent developments in microeconomic perspectives on the family. We focus on the "household production function," describing both the strengths and weaknesses of the "New Home Economics." We also extract some implications for sociological research on the family.
Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain

OBJECTIVES
To compare the long-term effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical treatment in patients with chronic low back pain.


METHODS
Two merged randomised clinical trials compared instrumented transpedicular fusion with cognitive intervention and exercises in 124 patients with disc degeneration and at least 1 year of symptoms after or without previous surgery for disc herniation. The main outcome measure was the Oswestry disability index.


RESULTS
At 4 years 14 (24%) patients randomly assigned to cognitive intervention and exercises had also undergone surgery. 15 (23%) patients assigned fusion had undergone re-surgery. The mean treatment effect for the primary outcome was 1.1; 95% CI -5.9 to 8.2, according to the intention-to-treat analysis and -1.6; 95% CI -8.9 to 5.6 in the as-treated analysis. There was no difference in return to work.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term improvement was not better after instrumented transpedicular fusion compared with cognitive intervention and exercises.
Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.

Copyright © 2008 Massachusetts Medical Society. A previously well 42-year-old woman presents with severe pain in the right upper quadrant, which started 15 hours earlier. She has previously noted episodic pain in that location that lasted for up to 2 hours but has not sought medical advice. She has had one episode of vomiting with the current attack. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.5°C, and the heart rate is 95 beats per minute. She has tenderness and guarding in the right upper quadrant. How should her condition be evaluated and treated?
Mutation analysis of 24 short tandem repeats in Chinese Han population

Germline mutations of 24 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (TPOX, D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179, TH01, vWA, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, Penta D, D21S11, D2S1772, D6S1043, D7S3048, D8S1132, D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, and GATA198B05) were studied for 6,441 parent–child meioses taken from the paternity testing cases in Chinese Han population. In total, 195 mutations were identified at 22 of the 24 loci. Among them, 189 (96.92%) mutations were one step, five mutations (2.56%) were two step, and one mutation (0.51%) was three step. No mutation was found at the TH01 and TPOX loci. The overall mutation rate estimated was 0.0013 (95% CI 0.0011–0.0015), and the locus-specific mutation rate estimated ranged from 0 to 0.0034. There was a bias in the STR mutations that repeat gains were more common than losses (∼1.7:1). Mutation events in the male germline were more frequent than in the female germline (∼4.3:1). Furthermore, loci with a larger heterozygosity tended to have a higher mutation rate. Mutation in short alleles was biased towards expansion, whereas mutation in long alleles favored contraction. The long alleles have a higher allelic mutational probability than short alleles.
Improving cartographic road databases by image analysis

The extraction of road networks from aerial images is one of the current challenges in digital photogrammetry and computer vision. In this paper, we present our system for 3D road network reconstruction from aerial images using knowledge-based image analysis. In contrast to other approaches, the developed system integrates processing of color image data and information from digital spatial databases, extracts and fuses multiple object cues, takes into account context information, employs existing knowledge, rules and models, and treats each road subclass accordingly. The key of the system is the use of knowledge as much as possible to increase success rate and reliability of the results, working in 2D images and 3D object space, and use of 2D and 3D interaction when needed. Another advantage of the developed system is that it can correctly and reliably handle problematic areas caused by shadows and occlusions. This work is part of a project to improve and update the 1:25,000 vector maps of Switzerland. The system has been implemented as a standalone software package. We tested the system on a number of images in different landscapes. In this paper we present the results of our system in recent benchmark tests conducted independently by our project partner in Switzerland, and test results with black and white images in a test site in Belgium.
Quantity and functionality of protein fractions in chicken breast fillets affected by white striping.

Recently, white striations parallel to muscle fibers direction have been observed on the surface of chicken breast, which could be ascribed to intensive growth selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of white striping on chemical composition with special emphasis on myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions that are relevant to the processing features of chicken breast meat. During this study, a total of 12 pectoralis major muscles from both normal and white striped fillets were used to evaluate chemical composition, protein solubility (sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, and total protein solubility), protein quantity (sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, and stromal proteins), water holding capacity, and protein profile by SDS-PAGE analysis. White-striped fillets exhibited a higher percentage of moisture (75.4 vs. 73.8%; P < 0.01), intramuscular fat (2.15 vs. 0.98%; P < 0.01), and collagen (1.36 vs. 1.22%; P < 0.01), and lower content of protein (18.7 vs. 22.8%; P < 0.01) and ash (1.14 vs. 1.34%; P < 0.01), in comparison with normal fillets. There was a great decline in myofibrillar (14.0 vs. 8.7%; P < 0.01) and sarcoplasmic (3.2 vs. 2.6%; P < 0.01) content and solubility as well as an increase in cooking loss (33.7 vs. 27.4%; P < 0.05) due to white striping defects. Moreover, gel electrophoresis showed that the concentration of 3 myofibrillar proteins corresponding to actin (42 kDa); LC1, slow-twitch light chain myosin (27.5 kDa); and LC3, fast-twitch light chain myosin (16 kDa), and almost all sarcoplasmic proteins were lower than normal. In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that chicken breast meat with white striping defect had different chemical composition (more fat and less protein) and protein quality and quantity (low content of myofibrillar proteins and high content of stromal proteins) with respect to normal meat. Furthermore, white striped fillets had lower protein functionality (higher cooking loss). All the former changes indicate that white striping has great impact on quality characteristics of chicken breast meat.
Low MRSA prevalence in horses at farm level

BACKGROUND
In Europe, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 398 has become an important pathogen in horses, circulating in equine clinics and causing both colonization and infection. Whether equine MRSA is bound to hospitals or can also circulate in the general horse population is currently unknown. This study, therefore, reports the nasal and perianal MRSA screening of 189 horses on 10 farms in a suspected high prevalence region (East- and West-Flanders, Belgium).


RESULTS
Only one horse (0.53%) from one farm (10%) tested positive in the nose. It carried a spa type t011-SCCmecV isolate, resistant to β-lactams and tetracycline, which is typical for livestock-associated MRSA CC398.


CONCLUSION
In the region tested here, horses on horse farms seem unlikely to substantially contribute to the large animal associated ST398 MRSA reservoir present at intensive animal production units.
Inter- and intraradiologist variability in the BI-RADS assessment and breast density categories for screening mammograms.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate reader variability in screening mammograms according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment and breast density categories.


METHODS
A stratified random sample of 100 mammograms was selected from a population-based breast cancer screening programme in Barcelona, Spain: 13 histopathologically confirmed breast cancers and 51 with true-negative and 36 with false-positive results. 21 expert radiologists from radiological units of breast cancer screening programmes in Catalonia, Spain, reviewed the mammography images twice within a 6-month interval. The readers described each mammography using BI-RADS assessment and breast density categories. Inter- and intraradiologist agreement was assessed using percentage of concordance and the kappa (κ) statistic.


RESULTS
Fair interobserver agreement was observed for the BI-RADS assessment [κ=0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.38]. When the categories were collapsed in terms of whether additional evaluation was required (Categories III, 0, IV, V) or not (I and II), moderate agreement was found (κ=0.53, 95% CI 0.52-0.54). Intra-observer agreement for BI-RADS assessment was moderate using all categories (κ=0.53, 95% CI 0.50-0.55) and substantial on recall (κ=0.66, 95% CI 0.63-0.70). Regarding breast density, inter- and intraradiologist agreement was substantial (κ=0.73, 95% CI 0.72-0.74 and κ=0.69, 95% CI 0.68-0.70, respectively).


CONCLUSION
We observed a substantial intra-observer agreement in the BI-RADS assessment but only moderate interobserver agreement. Both inter- and intra-observer agreement in mammographic interpretation of breast density was substantial. Advances in knowledge Educational efforts should be made to decrease radiologists' variability in BI-RADS assessment interpretation in population-based breast screening programmes.