LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Drugs and Cosmetics from the Sea

The marine environment is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity. This diversity has been the source of unique chemical compounds with the potential for industrial development as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, molecular probes, fine chemicals and agrochemicals. In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties has been discovered from the marine organisms. Although there are only a few marine-derived products currently on the market, several robust new compounds derived from marine natural products are now in the clinical pipeline, with more clinical development. While the marine world offers an extremely rich resource for novel compounds, it also represents a great challenge that requires inputs from various scientific areas to bring the marine chemical diversity up to its therapeutic potential.
Analysis of a privacy-preserving PCA algorithm using random matrix theory

To generate useful summarization of data while maintaining privacy of sensitive information is a challenging task, especially in the big data era. The privacy-preserving principal component algorithm proposed in [1] is a promising approach when a low rank data summarization is desired. However, the analysis in [1] is limited to the case of a single principal component, which makes use of bounds on the vector-valued Bingham distribution in the unit sphere. By exploring the non-commutative structure of data matrices in the full Stiefel manifold, we extend the analysis to an arbitrary number of principal components. Our results are obtained by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the matrix-variate Bingham distribution using tools from random matrix theory.
Data-Driven Personalized Feedback to Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND
A mobile phone-based application can be useful for patients with type 1 diabetes in managing their disease. This results in large datasets accumulated on the patient's devices, which can be used for individualized feedback. The effect of such feedback is investigated in this article.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We developed an application that included a data-driven feedback module known as Diastat for patients on self-measured blood glucose regimens. Using a stepped-wedge design, both groups initially received an application without Diastat. Group 1 activated Diastat after 4 weeks, whereas Group 2 activated Diastat 12 weeks after startup (T1). End points were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and number of out-of-range (OOR) measurements (i.e., outside the range 72-270 mg/dL).


RESULTS
Thirty patients were recruited to the study, and 15 were assigned to each group after the initial meeting. There were no significant differences between groups at T1 in HbA1c or OOR events. Overall, all patients had a decrease of 0.6 percentage points in mean HbA1c (P < 0.001) and 14.5 in median OOR events over 2 weeks (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The study does not provide evidence that data-driven feedback improves glycemic control. The decrease in HbA1c was sizeable and significant, even though the study was not powered to detect this. The overall improvement in glycemic control suggests that, in general, mobile phone-based interventions can be useful in diabetes self-management.
Hybrid Mobile Apps in the Google Play Store: An Exploratory Investigation

One of the most intriguing challenges in mobile apps development is its fragmentation with respect to mobile platforms (e.g., Android, Apple iOS, Windows Phone). Large companies like IBM and Adobe and a growing community of developers advocate hybrid mobile apps development as a possible solution to mobile platforms fragmentation. Hybrid mobile apps are consistent across platforms and built on web standards. How hybrid apps are performing in production settings is still highly debated, with limited objective evidence.
 In this paper, we present the first empirical investigation into mobile hybrid apps involving a large number of mobile apps. Our goal is exploratory and we aim at identifying, analysing, and understanding the traits and distinctions of publicly available hybrid mobile apps within their real-life context. The study has been conducted by mining 11,917 free apps and their related metadata from the Google Play Store, and analyzing them from both a technical and end users' perception perspective.
CAPS as a requirements engineering tool

This research was supported in part by the DoD Ada Joint Program Office under grant number DWAM10100 (Ada Technology Insertion Program) and by the National Science Foundation under grand number CCR-9058453.
Treatment patterns and clinical characteristics prior to initiating depot typical antipsychotics for nonadherent schizophrenia patients

BACKGROUND
Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication is an important clinical and economic problem in the treatment of schizophrenia. This study identified treatment patterns and clinical characteristics that immediately precede the initiation of depot typical antipsychotics in the usual treatment of schizophrenia patients with a recent history of nonadherence with oral antipsychotic regimens.


METHODS
Data were drawn from a large, multisite, 3-year prospective noninterventional observational study of persons treated for schizophrenia in the United States, which was conducted between 7/1997 and 9/2003. The analytical sample included patients who, in the 6 months prior to enrollment, were considered nonadherent with oral antipsychotics and were not treated with depot antipsychotics (N = 314). Patients who were subsequently initiated on typical depots during the 3-year follow-up were compared with patients who continued therapy with only oral antipsychotic agents. Group comparisons were made on patient baseline characteristics and precedent variables that were assessed 1 to 6 months prior to depot initiation. Patient assessments were made at predetermined intervals throughout the 3-year study using standard psychiatric measures, a patient-reported questionnaire, and medical record information.


RESULTS
A small proportion of patients (12.4%) who were recently nonadherent with oral antipsychotics were subsequently initiated on depot therapy during the 3-year study. Compared to patients treated with only oral antipsychotics, those subsequently initiated on a depot were significantly more likely to be hospitalized at depot initiation or the previous 30 days, to have recent involvement with the criminal justice system (arrests), recent illicit drug use, recent switching or augmentation of oral antipsychotics, and recent treatment with oral typical antipsychotics.


CONCLUSION
Despite prior nonadherence with oral antipsychotic medication, only a small proportion of nonadherent schizophrenia patients were initiated on depot antipsychotics in this 3-year prospective study. Patients subsequently initiated on depot had a more severe treatment pattern and clinical profile immediately preceding depot initiation. This profile may have triggered the decision to initiate a depot. Findings have important clinical and economic ramifications for practitioners, policy makers, and other decision makers, highlighting the need for early identification of and tailored therapeutics for schizophrenia patients with a history of nonadherence with their recent oral antipsychotic regimens.
Heterogeneity in response to interferon beta in patients with multiple sclerosis: a 3-year monthly imaging study.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the heterogeneity in magnetic resonance image (MRI) patterns of response to interferon beta across patients with multiple sclerosis or within an individual patient over time.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Fifteen patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis underwent monthly MRIs and clinical examinations (6-month pretherapy phase and 36-month therapy phase) and bimonthly neutralizing antibody tests. On each MRI, the total number of contrast-enhancing lesions was noted. Therapy MRI responders were defined as those with a reduction of 60% or more in the total number of contrast-enhancing lesions during each semester of therapy.


INTERVENTION
Subcutaneous administration of interferon beta-1b, 250 microg, every other day for 3 years.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Reduction in the number of contrast-enhancing lesions.


RESULTS
Eight patients (53.3%) were MRI responders and 7 (46.7%) were nonresponders. Of those 7, 3 (20.0%) had only an initial optimal reduction of the total number of contrast-enhancing lesions, 2 (13.3%) never reached an optimal response, and 2 (13.3%) had a delayed optimal response. No clear association between neutralizing antibody profile and MRI response was evident.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple MRI evaluations disclose that approximately only half of the patients treated with interferon beta achieve and maintain a full response to the drug over time, although an additional small number of individuals may still restore an optimal response to the drug after an initial failure.
Tolerability assessment of maximal androgen blockade with 50 mg daily of bicalutamide and castration in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
Androgen is the most important growth factor for the development and growth of prostatic adenocarcinomas. For patients with advanced prostate cancer, hormonal manipulation including castration and antiandrogen therapy is a well-established mode of treatment. The choice of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer depends not only on the desired progression-free and overall survival, but also on the patient's quality of life, treatment costs, and treatment toxicities.


METHODS
This was an open, non-comparative trial to determine the tolerability of 50 mg bicalutamide (Casodex) in combination with castration; we also investigated whether the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rates of change at weeks 4 and 12 were indicative of an increased risk of progression.


RESULTS
Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in the study from December 1996 to June 1999 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan. The overall incidence rate of adverse events was 27%. The most frequent adverse event was hot flushes (5.4%). The rate of overall disease response was 85.3%. No evidence was found for any predictive relationship between serum PSA concentration and risk of progression.


CONCLUSION
The overall results indicate that bicalutamide administered as a 50-mg daily dosage in combination with castration is a well-tolerated therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Sleep and the processing of emotions

How emotions interact with cognitive processes has been a topic of growing interest in the last decades, as well as studies investigating the role of sleep in cognition. We review here evidence showing that sleep and emotions entertain privileged relationships. The literature indicates that exposure to stressful and emotional experiences can induce changes in the post-exposure sleep architecture, whereas emotional disturbances are likely to develop following sleep alterations. In addition, post-training sleep appears particularly beneficial for the consolidation of intrinsically emotional memories, suggesting that emotions modulate the off-line brain activity patterns subtending memory consolidation processes. Conversely, sleep contributes unbinding core memories from their affective blanket and removing the latter, eventually participating to habituation processes and reducing aversive reactions to stressful stimuli. Taken together, these data suggest that sleep plays an important role in the regulation and processing of emotions, which highlight its crucial influence on human’s abilities to manage and respond to emotional information.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and occurrence of heart arrhythmia.

BACKGROUND
Subjects with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) do not generally suffer from significant cardiac symptoms. Although with heterogeneous results, studies reported to date indicate that heart alterations unrelated to cardiomyopathy are possible in FSHD.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We describe the findings of a multicenter investigation aimed at detecting cardiac abnormalities in 83 FSHD patients, 44 males and 39 females with a mean age of 47 years. All patients underwent clinical heart examination, 12-lead electrocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring; echocardiography was also performed on most patients.


RESULTS
Among the 83 patients, 62 with no cardiovascular risk factors were identified. Ten of them manifested clinical or subclinical cardiac involvement: 5 reported symptoms represented mostly by frequent palpitations secondary to supraventricular arrhythmia and another 5 exhibited electrocardiographic signs of short runs of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. In the absence of cardiovascular risk factors, we found symptoms or signs of heart involvement of mainly arrhythmic origin in 10 of our 83 FSHD patients (12%).


CONCLUSIONS
Considering our data and those available in the literature as a whole, arrhythmic alterations seem to be detected more frequently than expected in FSHD patients.
Tar Content and Composition in Producer Gas of Fluidized Bed Gasification and Low Temperature Pyrolysis of Straw and Wood – Influence of Temperature

The global warming, the increasing CO2 emission, the combustion of and dependency on fossil fuels, as well as the high-energy price have resulted in an increasing demand in renewable energy sources. Biomass, as a renewable energy source, has the potential to contribute to the future energy mix in various ways. In thermo-chemical biomass conversion processes, especially gasification and pyrolysis, the tar content and its composition is a major subject. Due to the various processes examined at VUT, this work picks up the opportunity to compare the different tar amounts and compositions at different temperatures and process parameters. The tar content and composition in the producer gas of steam gasification of straw and wood as well as the tar yields of low temperature pyrolysis of straw are displayed in the following work. Gasification experiments were carried out in a 100 kW dual fluidized bed steam gasifier at a temperature range of 700° C to 870° C. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a rotary kiln reactor at temperatures between 600° C and 630° C. For better understanding of tar formation during thermo-chemical conversion of biomass the tar content and composition in the producer gas was analyzed with a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. Main observation was that at higher temperatures the tar composition is shifted to higher molecular tars as poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Key tar components at lower temperatures (pyrolysis) are phenols. These results give the opportunity to analyse tar formation in different thermochemical conversion steps, therefore, for the future a better understanding of tar formation in large scale facility’s should be gained. This means lower tar content in the producer gas for gasification processes and an achievement of required pyrolysis oil yields for pyrolysis. This should lead to higher process efficiencies, in both biomass conversion processes.
Maternal serum triglycerides as predictive factors for large-for-gestational age newborns in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the contribution of maternal lipids in predicting large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).


DESIGN
Retrospective study.


SETTING
Yonsei University Health System, Korea.


POPULATION
A total of 104 women diagnosed with GDM between January 2000 and June 2008.


METHODS
Women who were positive on the 50 g oral glucose challenge test (24-28 weeks' gestation) and who were referred patients suspected of GDM underwent a 3 hours, 100 g oral glucose tolerance test for GDM diagnosis. Maternal fasting serum triglycerides and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined at 24-32 weeks' gestation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine maternal parameters independently associated with delivering LGA newborns at term.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Risk contributions for LGA newborns.


RESULTS
Maternal fasting serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in mothers of LGA newborns compared with other mothers; however, no significant correlations were found between newborn birthweight and maternal fasting glucose, total cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. After adjusting for confounding variables including prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, age, and parity, maternal hypertriglyceridemia at 24-32 weeks' gestation remained an independent parameter for identifying term LGA newborns.


CONCLUSIONS
In GDM pregnancies, determining maternal serum triglyceride levels during midpregnancy may help identify women likely to give birth to LGA newborns.
Organizing the OCA: learning faceted subjects from a library of digital books

Large scale library digitization projects such as the Open Content Alliance are producing vast quantities of text, but little has been done to organize this data. Subject headings inherited from card catalogs are useful but limited, while full-text indexing is most appropriate for readers who already know exactly what they want. Statistical topic models provide a complementary function. These models can identify semantically coherent "topics" that are easily recognizable and meaningful to humans, but they have been too computationally intensive to run on library-scale corpora. This paper presents DCM-LDA, a topic model based on Dirichlet Compound Multinomial distributions. This model is simultaneously better able to represent observed properties of text and more scalable to extremely large text collections. We train individual topic models for each book based on the cooccurrence of words within pages. We then cluster topics across books. The resulting topical clusters can be interpreted as subject facets, allowing readers to browse the topics of a collection quickly, find relevant books using topically expanded keyword searches, and explore topical relationships between books. We demonstrate this method finding topics on a corpus of 1.49 billion words from 42,000 books in less than 20 hours, and it easily could scale well beyond this.
Recent Advances in the Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks to Medical Image Contour Detection

The fast growing deep learning technologies have become the main solution of many machine learning problems for medical image analysis. Deep convolution neural networks (CNNs), as one of the most important branch of the deep learning family, have been widely investigated for various computer-aided diagnosis tasks including long-term problems and continuously emerging new problems. Image contour detection is a fundamental but challenging task that has been studied for more than four decades. Recently, we have witnessed the significantly improved performance of contour detection thanks to the development of CNNs. Beyond purusing performance in existing natural image benchmarks, contour detection plays a particularly important role in medical image analysis. Segmenting various objects from radiology images or pathology images requires accurate detection of contours. However, some problems, such as discontinuity and shape constraints, are insufficiently studied in CNNs. It is necessary to clarify the challenges to encourage further exploration. The performance of CNN based contour detection relies on the state-of-the-art CNN architectures. Careful investigation of their design principles and motivations is critical and beneficial to contour detection. In this paper, we first review recent development of medical image contour detection and point out the current confronting challenges and problems. We discuss the development of general CNNs and their applications in image contours (or edges) detection. We compare those methods in detail, clarify their strengthens and weaknesses. Then we review their recent applications in medical image analysis and point out limitations, with the goal to light some potential directions in medical image analysis. We expect the paper to cover comprehensive technical ingredients of advanced CNNs to enrich the study in the medical image domain. 1E-mail: zizhaozhang@ufl.edu Preprint submitted to arXiv August 26, 2018 ar X iv :1 70 8. 07 28 1v 1 [ cs .C V ] 2 4 A ug 2 01 7
Customer Knowledge Management Application in Gaining Organization's Competitive Advantage in Electronic Commerce

In modern organizations, knowledge is the fundamental basis of competition. In the new context, two major factors determine the future survival or success of organizations: electronic commerce and the knowledge from customers. Thus, the goals of the research were figured out, and investigating the relationship and application of customer’s knowledge management in gaining competitive advantages of organizations in E-commerce and also the 8 followings factors were investigated: knowledge from customers, knowledge for the customers, knowledge about customers, recording and spreading customers’ knowledge, quality of the products and services, pace of providing the products and services, reasonable prices and satisfaction as the output and result of using customers’ knowledge management on organizations competitive advantage variable in Ecommerce. For the statistic society, people who were all experts and elites of Mellat Bank market development organization were chosen, and 210 experts who are working in Iranian insurance companies. The statistic tests used were: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, simple linear and multiple regression the results extracted from the above tests stated the linear relationship and correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results of this study had shown the application of the customers’ knowledge management would lead into gaining competitive advantage for the organizations in E-commerce.
Timing of levothyroxine administration affects serum thyrotropin concentration.

CONTEXT
Patients treated with levothyroxine typically ingest it in a fasting state to prevent food impairing its absorption. The serum thyrotropin concentration is the therapeutic index of levothyroxine action.


OBJECTIVE
The study objective was to determine the effect of the timing of levothyroxine administration in relationship to food on serum thyrotropin levels.


DESIGN
Participants were randomized to one of six sequences, each consisting of three 8-wk regimens in a three-period crossover design. These regimens were in a fasting state, at bedtime, and with breakfast. The concentrations of TSH, free T(4), and total T(3) during each of the three timing regimens were documented. The primary outcome was the difference between serum TSH concentrations under fasting conditions compared with concentrations during the other 8-wk regimens.


SETTING
The study was conducted in an academic medical center.


PARTICIPANTS
Study participants were receiving levothyroxine for treatment of hypothyroidism or thyroid cancer.


RESULTS
Sixty-five patients completed the study. The mean thyrotropin concentration was 1.06 +/- 1.23 mIU/liter when levothyroxine was administered in the fasting state. When levothyroxine was taken with breakfast, the serum thyrotropin concentration was significantly higher (2.93 +/- 3.29 mIU/liter). When levothyroxine was taken at bedtime, the serum TSH concentration was also significantly higher (2.19 +/- 2.66 mIU/liter).


CONCLUSION
Nonfasting regimens of levothyroxine administration are associated with higher and more variable serum TSH concentrations. If a specific serum TSH goal is desired, thereby avoiding iatrogenic subclinical thyroid disease, then fasting ingestion of levothyroxine ensures that TSH concentrations remain within the narrowest target range.