LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Movement Sonification: Effects on Motor Learning beyond Rhythmic Adjustments

Motor learning is based on motor perception and emergent perceptual-motor representations. A lot of behavioral research is related to single perceptual modalities but during last two decades the contribution of multimodal perception on motor behavior was discovered more and more. A growing number of studies indicates an enhanced impact of multimodal stimuli on motor perception, motor control and motor learning in terms of better precision and higher reliability of the related actions. Behavioral research is supported by neurophysiological data, revealing that multisensory integration supports motor control and learning. But the overwhelming part of both research lines is dedicated to basic research. Besides research in the domains of music, dance and motor rehabilitation, there is almost no evidence for enhanced effectiveness of multisensory information on learning of gross motor skills. To reduce this gap, movement sonification is used here in applied research on motor learning in sports. Based on the current knowledge on the multimodal organization of the perceptual system, we generate additional real-time movement information being suitable for integration with perceptual feedback streams of visual and proprioceptive modality. With ongoing training, synchronously processed auditory information should be initially integrated into the emerging internal models, enhancing the efficacy of motor learning. This is achieved by a direct mapping of kinematic and dynamic motion parameters to electronic sounds, resulting in continuous auditory and convergent audiovisual or audio-proprioceptive stimulus arrays. In sharp contrast to other approaches using acoustic information as error-feedback in motor learning settings, we try to generate additional movement information suitable for acceleration and enhancement of adequate sensorimotor representations and processible below the level of consciousness. In the experimental setting, participants were asked to learn a closed motor skill (technique acquisition of indoor rowing). One group was treated with visual information and two groups with audiovisual information (sonification vs. natural sounds). For all three groups learning became evident and remained stable. Participants treated with additional movement sonification showed better performance compared to both other groups. Results indicate that movement sonification enhances motor learning of a complex gross motor skill-even exceeding usually expected acoustic rhythmic effects on motor learning.
Female orgasm(s): one, two, several.

INTRODUCTION
There is general agreement that it is possible to have an orgasm thru the direct simulation of the external clitoris. In contrast, the possibility of achieving climax during penetration has been controversial.


METHODS
Six scientists with different experimental evidence debate the existence of the vaginally activated orgasm (VAO).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
To give reader of The Journal of Sexual Medicine sufficient data to form her/his own opinion on an important topic of female sexuality.


RESULTS
Expert #1, the Controversy's section Editor, together with Expert #2, reviewed data from the literature demonstrating the anatomical possibility for the VAO. Expert #3 presents validating women's reports of pleasurable sexual responses and adaptive significance of the VAO. Echographic dynamic evidence induced Expert # 4 to describe one single orgasm, obtained from stimulation of either the external or internal clitoris, during penetration. Expert #5 reviewed his elegant experiments showing the uniquely different sensory responses to clitoral, vaginal, and cervical stimulation. Finally, the last Expert presented findings on the psychological scenario behind VAO.


CONCLUSION
The assumption that women may experience only the clitoral, external orgasm is not based on the best available scientific evidence.
Robust control of uncertain systems: Classical results and recent developments

This paper presents a survey of themost significant results on robust control theory. In particular,we study the modeling of uncertain systems, robust stability analysis for systems with unstructured uncertainty, robustness analysis for systems with structured uncertainty, and robust control system design including H∞ controlmethods. The paper also presents somemore recent results on deterministic and probabilistic methods for systems with uncertainty. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Examining the Impact of Feature Selection Methods on Text Classification

Feature selection that aims to determine and select the distinctive terms representing a best document is one of the most important steps of classification. With the feature selection, dimension of document vectors are reduced and consequently duration of the process is shortened. In this study, feature selection methods were studied in terms of dimension reduction rates, classification success rates, and dimension reductionclassification success relation. As classifiers, kNN (k-Nearest Neighbors) and SVM (Support Vector Machines) were used. 5 standard (Odds Ratio-OR, Mutual Information-MI, Information Gain-IG, Chi-Square-CHI and Document Frequency-DF), 2 combined (Union of Feature Selections-UFS and Correlation of Union of Feature Selections-CUFS) and 1 new (Sum of Term Frequency-STF) feature selection methods were tested. The application was performed by selecting 100 to 1000 terms (with an increment of 100 terms) from each class. It was seen that kNN produces much better results than SVM. STF was found out to be the most successful feature selection considering the average values in both datasets. It was also found out that CUFS, a combined model, is the one that reduces the dimension the most, accordingly, it was seen that CUFS classify the documents more successfully with less terms and in short period compared to many of the standard methods. Keywords—Feature selection; text classification; text mining; k-Nearest Neighbors; support vector machines
Enhanced electric conductivity at ferroelectric vortex cores in BiFeO3

Topological defects in ferroic materials are attracting much attention both as a playground of unique physical phenomena and for potential applications in reconfigurable electronic devices. Here, we explore electronic transport at artificially created ferroelectric vortices in BiFeO3 thin films. The creation of one-dimensional conductive channels activated at voltages as low as 1 V is demonstrated. We study the electronic as well as the static and dynamic polarization structure of several topological defects using a combination of first-principles and phase-field modelling. The modelling predicts that the core structure can undergo a reversible transformation into a metastable twist structure, extending charged domain walls segments through the film thickness. The vortex core is therefore a dynamic conductor controlled by the coupled response of polarization and electron–mobile-vacancy subsystems with external bias. This controlled creation of conductive one-dimensional channels suggests a pathway for the design and implementation of integrated oxide electronic devices based on domain patterning.
Performance Analysis of Flooding Attack Prevention Algorithm in MANETs

The lack of any centralized infrastructure in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is one of the greatest security concerns in the deployment of wireless networks. Thus communication in MANET functions properly only if the participating nodes cooperate in routing without any malicious intention. However, some of the nodes may be malicious in their behavior, by indulging in flooding attacks on their neighbors. Some others may act malicious by launching active security attacks like denial of service. This paper addresses few related works done on trust evaluation and establishment in ad hoc networks. Related works on flooding attack prevention are reviewed. A new trust approach based on the extent of friendship between the nodes is proposed which makes the nodes to co-operate and prevent flooding attacks in an ad hoc environment. The performance of the trust algorithm is tested in an ad hoc network implementing the Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. Keywords— AODV, Flooding, MANETs, trust estimation
The MRC spine stabilization trial: surgical methods, outcomes, costs, and complications of surgical stabilization.

STUDY DESIGN
A review of the surgical costs and results in a group of patients randomly allocated to surgery as part of a large prospective randomized trial of patients with chronic back pain.


OBJECTIVE
To report the observational data from the surgical arm of a randomized trial comparing surgery with intensive rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Clinical and economic data are reported.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Surgery for chronic low back pain is a well established but unproven intervention. The most cost-effective technique for spinal stabilization is still not established.


METHODS
One hundred six patients with chronic low back pain were randomized to the surgical group of a randomized trial comparing spinal fusion of the lumbar with a 3 week intensive rehabilitation program. The primary outcomes were the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Shuttle Walking Test measured at baseline and 2 years postrandomization. Patients were stratified by preoperative diagnosis, smoking habit, and litigation. Complications were assessed and costs analyzed.


RESULTS
Of the 176 surgical patients, 56 underwent postero-lateral fusion, 57 underwent interbody fusion, and 24 underwent flexible stabilization of the spine. The mean ODI for all patients in the surgical arm of the trial improved from a baseline of 46.5 (SD 14.6) to 34.2 (SD 21) at 2 years. Health care costs were higher ( 3109 pounds difference) for more complex procedures, and nearly 6 times as many early complications occurred with the more complex procedures. Smoking and unemployment were associated with worse results whereas litigation did not adversely affect the outcome.


CONCLUSION
These observational changes in the ODI after surgery are similar to those reported from other studies of spinal fusion. More complex surgery is more expensive with more complications than postero-lateral fusion.
A Wide-tuning-range VCO with Small VCO-gain Fluctuation for Multi-band W-CDMA RFIC

A novel wide-tuning-range LC-tuned voltage-controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) - featuring small VCO-gain (KVCO) fluctuation - was developed. For small KVCO fluctuation, a serial LC-resonator that consists of an inductor, a fine-tuning varactor, and a capacitor bank was added to a conventional parallel LC-resonator that uses a capacitor bank scheme. The resonator was applied to a 3.9-GHz VCO for multi-band W-CDMA RFIC fabricated with 0.25-mum Si-BiCMOS technology. The VCO exhibited KVCO fluctuation of only 21%, which is one third that of a conventional VCO, with 34% tuning range. The VCO also exhibited a low phase noise of -121 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency and a low current consumption of 4.0 mA
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: prospective evaluation with sequential ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have demonstrated predictable healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at a single time point, but few studies have evaluated tendon healing over time.


HYPOTHESIS
Rotator cuff tears that are intact on ultrasound at 1 time point will remain intact, and clinical results will improve regardless of healing status.


STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.


METHODS
The Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Registry was established to determine the effectiveness of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with clinical outcomes using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and ultrasound at 1 and 2 years, postoperatively. Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on ultrasound appearance: group 1, rotator cuff tendon intact at 1 and 2 years (n = 63); group 2, rotator cuff tendon defect at 1 and 2 years (n = 23); group 3, rotator cuff tendon defect at 1 year but no defect at 2 years (n = 7).


RESULTS
The ultrasound appearance was consistent at 1 and 2 years for 86 of the 93 patients (92.5%). The patients in group 1 had a significantly lower mean age (57.8 +/- 9.8 years) than the patients of group 2 (63.6 +/- 8.6 years; P = .04). Group 2 had a significantly greater rotator cuff tear size (4.36 +/- 1.6 cm) than group 1 (2.84 +/- 1.1 cm; P = .00025). Each group had a significant improvement in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores from baseline to 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION All intact rotator cuff tendons at 1 year remained intact at 2 years. A small group of patients with postoperative imaging did not appear healed by ultrasound at 1 year but did so at 2 years. Patients demonstrated improvement in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder scores, range of motion, and strength, regardless of tendon healing status on ultrasound.
Supply Chain Management and Retailing

Retailers are now the dominant partners in most suply systems and have used their positions to re-engineer operations and partnership s with suppliers and other logistic service providers. No longer are retailers the pass ive recipients of manufacturer allocations, but instead are the active channel con trollers organizing supply in anticipation of, and reaction to consumer demand. T his paper reflects on the ongoing transformation of retail supply chains and logistics. If considers this transformation through an examination of the fashion, grocery and selected other retail supply chains, drawing on practical illustrations. Current and fut ure challenges are then discussed. Introduction Retailers were once the passive recipients of produ cts allocated to stores by manufacturers in the hope of purchase by consumers and replenished o nly at the whim and timing of the manufacturer. Today, retailers are the controllers of product supply in anticipation of, and reaction to, researched, understood, and real-time customer demand. Retailers now control, organise, and manage the supply chain from producti on to consumption. This is the essence of the retail logistics and supply chain transforma tion that has taken place since the latter part of the twentieth century. Retailers have become the channel captains and set the pace in logistics. Having extended their channel control and focused on corporate effi ci ncy and effectiveness, retailers have
Central vertigo and dizziness: epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and common causes.

BACKGROUND
Dizziness is a common complaint among patients seen by primary care physicians, neurologists, and otolaryngologists. The most common causes of dizziness are peripheral vestibular disorders, but central nervous system disorders must be excluded. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of dizziness, differentiating between central and peripheral vertigo, and central causes of dizziness.


REVIEW SUMMARY
Dizziness is among the most common complaints in medicine, affecting approximately 20% to 30% of persons in the general population. Dizziness is a general term for a sense of disequilibrium. Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness, defined as an illusion of movement caused by asymmetric involvement of the vestibular system. Central vestibular lesions affecting the pons, medulla, or cerebellum cause vertigo, nausea, vomiting, severe ataxia, multidirectional nystagmus that is not suppressed by optic fixation, and other neurologic signs. The other types of dizziness are dysequilibrium without vertigo, presyncope, and psychophysiologic dizziness, which is often associated with anxiety, depression, and panic disorder.


CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiologic studies indicate that central causes are responsible for almost one-fourth of the dizziness experience by patients. The patient's history, neurologic examination, and imaging studies are usually the key to differentiation of peripheral and central causes of vertigo. The most common central causes of dizziness and vertigo are cerebrovascular disorders related to the vertebrobasilar circulation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, tumors of the posterior fossa, neurodegenerative disorders, some drugs, and psychiatric disorders.
Automated Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Images of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Risk of Macular Edema

In this paper, a new automated methodology to detect the optic disc (OD) automatically in retinal images from patients with risk of being affected by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Macular Edema (ME) is presented. The detection procedure comprises two independent methodologies. On one hand, a location methodology obtains a pixel that belongs to the OD using image contrast analysis and structure filtering techniques and, on the other hand, a boundary segmentation methodology estimates a circular approximation of the OD boundary by applying mathematical morphology, edge detection techniques and the Circular Hough Transform. The methodologies were tested on a set of 1200 images composed of 229 retinographies from patients affected by DR with risk of ME, 431 with DR and no risk of ME and 540 images of healthy retinas. The location methodology obtained 98.83% success rate, whereas the OD boundary segmentation methodology obtained good circular OD boundary approximation in 94.58% of cases. The average computational time measured over the total set was 1.67 seconds for OD location and 5.78 seconds for OD boundary segmentation. Keywords—Diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, optic disc, automated detection, automated segmentation.
Context-Aware Mobile Learning

Recent developments on mobile devices and networks enable new opportunities for mobile learning anywhere, anytime. Furthermore, recent advances on adaptive learning establish the foundations for personalized learning adapted to the characteristics of each individual learner. A mobile learner would perform an educational activity using the infrastructure (e.g. handheld devices, networks) in an environment (e.g. outdoors). In order to provide personalization, an adaptation engine adapts the educational activity and the infrastructure according to the context. The context is described by the learner’s state, the educational activity’s state, the infrastructure’s state, and the environment’s state. Furthermore, each one of these states is described by its dimensions. Many examples illustrate the adaptation decisions.
Two-year follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention with titanium-nitride-oxide-coated stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the titanium-nitride-oxide-coated (TITANOX) stent and the paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in patients who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (MI).


METHODS AND RESULTS
The TITAX-AMI trial randomly assigned 425 patients with MI to receive either a TITANOX stent or a PES. The primary end-point was a composite of MI, target lesion revascularization, or death from cardiac causes. At 12 months, there was no significant difference between patients receiving TITANOX stent or PES in the rate of primary end-point (10.3% versus 12.8%, P=0.5). After 2 years of follow-up, a significantly lower rate of primary end-point was observed in the TITANOX stent group compared with the PES group (11.2% versus 21.8%, HR 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.8, P=0.004). This difference was driven by a reduced rate of MI (5.1% versus 15.6%, P<0.001) and cardiac death (0.9% versus 4.7%, P=0.02) in favour of the TITANOX stent. Definite stent thrombosis occurred in 0.5% and 6.2% of the patients (P=0.001), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The implantation of a TITANOX stent resulted in better clinical outcome compared with a PES during 2 years of follow-up among patients treated for acute MI.
Protocol / s Verification in the context of IoT based on E Theorem Prover

We present in this short communication “E Theorem Prover and Verification of Smart Devices & Protocols Based on IoT Environments – A Novel Suggestion on Informatics Framework of Smart Devices involving Hardware,Firmware & Software Verification.” keywords: E Theorem Prover/Smart Devices/Hardware/Firmware/Software/IoT Introduction & Inspiration : Based on the information contained in the published literature it is very much inspirational to use novel methodologies to probe hardware/firmware/software in an innovative way.E Theorem Prover is an excellent high performance tool to design develop,implement and test novel methodologies.We wish to highlight the importance of E Theorem Prover in the context of “Smart Devices” and their testing.Since E Theorem Prover is developed in C it is useful to test and verify “Smart Devices”.Refs[1-9] “E is a high performance theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality.It is based on the equational superposition calculus and uses a purely equational paradigm. It has been integrated into other theorem provers and it has been among the best-placed systems in several theorem proving competitions. E is developed by Stephan Schulz, originally in the Automated Reasoning Group at TU Munich.” Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_theorem_prover Informatics Framework & Implementation : Figure I. Approximate Informatics Framework to probe Smart Devices/Protocols/IoT/Algorithms [Based on Refs[1-9] && Additional Information on Software Used] Please Note : Figure I & Figure II -Actual Connections/Interfacing with the concerned computing environments or testing methodologies will vary to some extent. Readers are advised to check the requirements before using them.This is an attempt to inspire others to use Theorem Provers in Verification. For Example : We would like to suggest “Heuristics Approach” in designing,implementing and testing of verification methodologies involving hardware/firmware/software/IoT concepts.For more information please refer to additional information links and the references mentioned in this paper. Future Direction To Implement Verification Methodologies : ( in extending our Testing/Verification Framework Using Python based Environments ) Figure II. Approximate Informatics Framework based on Python /E Prover to implement “Complex Test Environment” for large scale projects. Source of inspiration : https://www.design-reuse.com/articles/15886/a-phyton-based-soc-validationand-test-environment.html