LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1993 through December 1994.

OBJECTIVES
Our purpose was to determine the mortality and morbidity rates for infants weighing 501 to 1500 g according to gestational age, birth weight, and gender.


STUDY DESIGN
Perinatal data were collected prospectively on an inborn cohort from January 1993 through December 1994 by 12 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and were compared with the corresponding data from previous reports. Sociodemographic factors, perinatal events, and the neonatal course to 120 days of life, discharge, or death were evaluated.


RESULTS
Eighty-three percent of infants survived until discharge to home or to a long- term care facility (compared with 74% in 1988). Survival to discharge was 49% for infants weighing 501 to 750 g at birth, 85% for those 751 to 1000 g, 93% for those 1001 to 1250 g, and 96% for those 1251 to 1500 g. The majority of deaths occurred within the first 3 days of life. Mortality rates were greater for male than for female infants. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most frequent pulmonary disease (52%). Chronic lung disease (defined as an oxygen requirement at 36 weeks after conception) developed in 19%. Thirty-two percent of infants had evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Periventricular leukomalacia was noted in 6% of infants who had ultrasonography after 2 weeks. The average duration of hospitalization for survivors was 68 days (122 days for surviving infants weighing 501 to 750 g, compared with an average of 43 days for surviving infants 1251 to 1500 g). Among infants who died, the average length of stay was 19 days.


CONCLUSIONS
The mortality rate for infants weighing between 501 and 1500 g at birth continues to decline. This increase in survival is not accompanied by an increase in medical morbidity. There are interactions between birth weight, gestational age, sex, and survival rates.
Deep Learning for Skin Lesion Classification

Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer is very threatening to life. Diagnosis of melanoma at an earlier stage is highly needed as it has a very high cure rate. Benign and malignant forms of skin cancer can be detected by analyzing the lesions present on the surface of the skin using dermoscopic images. In this work, an automated skin lesion detection system has been developed which learns the representation of the image using Google’s pretrained CNN model known as Inception-v3 [1]. After obtaining the representation vector for our input dermoscopic images we have trained two layer feed forward neural network to classify the images as malignant or benign. The system also classifies the images based on the cause of the cancer either due to melanocytic or non-melanocytic cells using a different neural network. These classification tasks are part of the challenge organized by International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2017. Our system learns to classify the images based on the model built using the training images given in the challenge and the experimental results were evaluated using validation and test sets. Our system has achieved an overall accuracy of 65.8% for the validation set.
PAPR reduction of OFDM signal using turbo coding and selective mapping

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is a promising technique to offer high data rate and reliable communications over fading channels. The main implementation disadvantage of OFDM is the possibility of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the PAPR using turbo coding and selective mapping (SLM). We show that the probability of the PAPR of OFDM signal with 128 subcarriers exceeding 7 dB can be reduced from 70% to 0.25% with bit error rate (BER) of 6 × 10−5 at signal to noise ratio (SNR) 4 dB.
Coded computation for multicore setups

Consider a distributed computing setup consisting of a master node and n worker nodes, each equipped with p cores, and a function f (x) = g(f1(x), f2(x),…, fk(x)), where each fi can be computed independently of the rest. Assuming that the worker computational times have exponential tails, what is the minimum possible time for computing f? Can we use coding theory principles to speed up this distributed computation? In [1], it is shown that distributed computing of linear functions can be expedited by applying linear erasure codes. However, it is not clear if linear codes can speed up distributed computation of ‘nonlinear’ functions as well. To resolve this problem, we propose the use of sparse linear codes, exploiting the modern multicore processing architecture. We show that 1) our coding solution achieves the order optimal runtime, and 2) it is at least Θ(√log n) times faster than any uncoded schemes where the number of workers is n.
Author ' s personal copy Dynamic modeling , stability and energy consumption analysis of a realistic six-legged walking robot

This paper deals with a detailed analysis on kinematics, dynamics, stability and energy consumption of a realistic six-legged robot. The aim of this study is to extend a previous work of Roy et al. [1], in order to estimate optimal feet forces and joint torques of the six-legged robot generating wave-gaits with four different duty factors and deal with its stability issues. Two different approaches are developed to determine optimal feet forces. In the first approach, minimization of the norm of feet forces is carried out using a least square method, whereas minimization of the norm of joint torques is performed in the second approach. The second approach is found to be more energy efficient compared to the first one. The maximum values of feet forces and joint torques are seen to decrease with the increase of duty factor. The effects of walking parameters, namely velocity, stroke and duty factors have been studied on energy consumption and stability of the robot. The variations of average power consumption and specific energy consumption with the velocity and stroke are compared for four different duty factors. Wave gait with a low duty factor is found to be more energy-efficient compared to that with a high duty factor at the highest possible velocity. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dynamic model of wave-particle duality and superunification

SUMMARY The new Dynamic Model of Wave-Particle Duality elaborated is devoted to analysis of the internal (hidden) parameters of elementary de Broglie waves (waves B) and their interrelation with external, observable ones. Dynamic model is based on assumption of alternative pulsation of sub-elementary particles, between the corpuscular [C] and wave [W] phase, each of them representing corresponding semiperiod of wave B. The triplets of sub-elementary particles form the elementary particles. The energy and impulse of sub-elementary particles and antiparticle, composing coherent pair, compensate each other. The resulting properties of each triplet: mass, spin, charge is determined by uncompensated sub-elementary particle. The model considers the positive and negative vacuum as two 'oceans' of su-perfluid quantum liquid, composed from virtual quanta of opposite energies. This interacting positive and negative vacuum, termed BI-VACUUM, is an infinitive source of bi-vacuum bosons (BVB). The spatial image of BVB is a pair of [rotor + antirotor] of opposite direction of rotation in the energetic planes of positive and negative vacuum with the radius, close to Compton radius of the electron, muon or tau-electron, depending on the resonant energetic slit value of bi-vacuum. Due to impulse and energy compensation there are no size limitations for BVB. The minimum radius of BVB may be determined by Plank's length. Such small BVB may serve as a " molecules " of bi-vacuum as a quantum superfluid liquid. The nonlocal properties of BVB are the consequence of their zero resulting impulse, responsible for their infinitive virtual wave B length and corresponding scale of PRIMORDIAL bi-vacuum Bose condensation. In SECONDARY vacuum, with symmetry, perturbed by presence of matter, the impulse of BVB becomes non zero. As a result, the infinitive virtual Bose condensate 'dissociate' to huge superfluid bi-vacuum domains. The gradient of difference of concentration of rotors and antirotors with opposite direction of rotation (virtual spin equilibrium shift), originated under the influence of rotating atoms, molecules or macro-scopic bodies-is responsible for TORSION field. The transmission of signal in form of energetic slit symmetric pulsation of bi-vacuum, representing the vacuum amplitude waves (VAW) in the membrane of 1 bi-vacuum Bose condensate is instant. It is not related with energy-impulse propagation. The Corpuscular and Wave phase of particles are considered in our model as two alternative phase of wave B, which are in dynamic equilibrium. The wave [W]-PHASE in form of cumulative virtual cloud (CVC) originates as a result of quantum beats between real …
Exploring pressure in football

From1 a set of trajectories of the players and the ball in a football (soccer) game, we computationally estimate, for each time frame, the pressure of the defending players upon the ball and the opponents. The extracted pressure relationships are visualized in detailed and summarized forms. Interactive filtering enables exploration of the pressure relationships in selected game episodes or in game situations satisfying specific query conditions..
The Self and Social Conduct: Linking Self-Representations to Prosocial Behavior

Two studies examined how situational variables and personal factors affect peoples' immediate representations of self and how, once activated, these representations guide behavior. In Study 1, Ss with high self-esteem (HSE) and Ss with low self-esteem (LSE) first experienced success or failure at an alleged test of their intellectual ability. Subsequently, they rated themselves on a series of trait adjectives: Half of the items referred to social traits and attributes, the other half referred to achievement-related traits and attributes. Failure led HSE Ss to exaggerate the positivity of their social qualities; the reverse was true for LSE Ss. Study 2 replicated these results and found that HSE Ss were also especially helpful after failure. These findings indicate that situational variables and personal factors interact to influence peoples' immediate views of the self and that people behave in accordance with these activated self-representations.
MPEG DASH SRD: spatial relationship description

This paper presents the Spatial Representation Description (SRD) feature of the second amendment of MPEG DASH standard part 1, 23009-1:2014 [1]. SRD is an approach for streaming only spatial sub-parts of a video to display devices, in combination with the form of adaptive multi-rate streaming that is intrinsically supported by MPEG DASH. The SRD feature extends the Media Presentation Description (MPD) of MPEG DASH by describing spatial relationships between associated pieces of video content. This enables the DASH client to select and retrieve only those video streams at those resolutions that are relevant to the user experience. The paper describes the design principles behind SRD, the different possibilities it enables and examples of how SRD was used in different experiments on interactive streaming of ultra-high resolution video.
Association of bleeding, mortality and sex in acute coronary syndromes: the missing triangle.

AIMS
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and antithrombotic drugs are the standard therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), but their impact on bleeding and mortality in women has not been adequately investigated.


METHODS
This was a prospective observational cohort study of ACS patients, who were referred to 6 of the 13 centres belonging to the REgistro regionale AngiopLastiche dell'Emilia-Romagna programme in Emilia-Romagna for coronary angiography and PCI between June 2010 and November 2011. The aim of the study was to verify whether the incidence of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events-defined in-hospital bleeding after an ACS is significantly higher in women than in men, and to evaluate its impact on short and long-term mortality.


RESULTS
The analysis involved a total of 1686 patients (511 women and 1175 men). The women were older and more frequently affected by hypertension, congestive heart failure and single-vessel disease; however, none of the clinical or procedural variables was significantly different between the sexes after statistical adjustment. There was a significantly higher rate of in-hospital bleeding among the women [8.6 vs. 5.8%; adjusted odds ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-2.52, P = 0.004], but the adjusted hazard ratio for short and long-term all-cause mortality was not significantly different. After optimal adjustment, bleeding, but not female sex, was identified as a predictor of short-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.68, 95% CI 1.21-5.93, P = 0.01), but this was not confirmed in the case of long-term mortality (hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 0.91-2.71, P = 0.10).


CONCLUSION
After optimal adjustment for baseline differences, the findings of this contemporary Italian PCI registry study showed that women experience bleeding more frequently, but do not have worse mortality outcomes than men. Bleeding was confirmed as an independent predictor of short-term mortality.
Corticosteroids in acute severe asthma: effectiveness of low doses.

BACKGROUND
Although the need for corticosteroids in acute severe asthma is well established the appropriate dose is not known.


METHODS
The response to intravenous hydrocortisone 50 mg (low dose), 100 mg (medium dose), and 500 mg (high dose), administered every six hours for 48 hours and followed by oral prednisone, was compared in patients with acute asthma in a double blind randomised study. After initial emergency treatment with bronchodilators subjects received oral theophylline or intravenous aminophylline and nebulised salbutamol four hourly. Patients were given low, medium, or high doses of intravenous hydrocortisone and then 20, 40, or 60 mg/day respectively of oral prednisone with a reducing regimen over the following 12 days. Beclomethasone dipropionate, 400 micrograms twice daily by metered dose inhaler, was also started. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and visual analogue dyspnoea scores (VAS) were recorded daily in hospital and PEF and VAS twice daily after discharge for a total of 12 days.


RESULTS
The 66 subjects (40 female) who completed the study had a mean (SD) age of 31(14) years. On presentation mean (SD) FEV1% predicted in the low (n = 22), medium (n = 20), and high dose (n = 24) groups was 17(13), 19(12), and 19(11) and after emergency bronchodilator treatment 32(20), 30(12), and 36(13). After 24 hours of treatment the respective post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted values were 62(22), 62(23), and 65(28) compared with 71(24), 69(22), and 71(24) after 48 hours. No significant difference between the groups was detected. PEF and VAS improved with treatment over the 12 days but was not influenced by steroid dose.


CONCLUSIONS
Hydrocortisone 50 mg intravenously four times a day for two days followed by low dose oral prednisone is as effective in resolving acute severe asthma as 200 or 500 mg of hydrocortisone followed by higher doses of prednisone.
Psychiatric morbidity in children with medically unexplained chronic pain: diagnosis from the pediatrician's perspective.

CONTEXT
There is very little general evidence to support the clinical management, particularly diagnosis, of medically unexplained chronic pain (UCP) in children.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to assess in children with UCP if clinical characteristics held important by general pediatricians help to accurately diagnose psychiatric morbidity and, alternatively, if the same can be achieved using dedicated questionnaires.


METHODS
We used a cross-sectional diagnostic study in a pediatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Our participants were 134 patients, aged 8 to 18 years, who were referred for UCP. Performed were (1) diagnostic test reflecting the pediatricians' choice of clinical characteristics and (2) selected questionnaires. Classification was performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, by a child psychiatrist using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Parent Version IV and the Semi-structured Clinical Interview for Children and Adolescents. Results were analyzed by logistic regression.


RESULTS
Psychiatric morbidity was present in 80 of the children. A minority had a medical explanation for the pain (15% definite, 17% probable). The clinical diagnostic model included age, social-problem indicators, family structure, parental somatization, and school problems. In the quintile of children in whom this model predicted the highest risk, 93% indeed had psychiatric morbidity at reference testing. In the quintile with the lowest predicted risk, indeed only 27% had psychiatric morbidity. The Dutch Personality Inventory for Youth and the Child Behavior Checklist matched the pediatricians' choice of clinical characteristics. In the quintile of children with the highest predicted risk based on these questionnaires, 89% had psychiatric morbidity. In the quintile with the lowest predicted risk, only 15% had psychiatric morbidity.


CONCLUSIONS
A pediatrician-chosen set of clinical characteristics of children with UCP proves useful in diagnosing psychiatric morbidity. Using selected questionnaire screening yields similar results.
Installation of bicycle lanes and increased ridership in an urban, mixed-income setting in New Orleans, Louisiana.

BACKGROUND
People are more physically active in neighborhoods that are well designed for walking and bicycling. Building infrastructure for safer cycling is one way to promote physical activity. On-road bike lanes are one type of infrastructure hypothesized to positively impact levels of cycling. The first on-street bike lane was painted in New Orleans, LA during the spring of 2008.


METHODS
In November of 2007 and again in November 2008, trained observers conducted manual counts of cyclists riding on St. Claude Avenue in New Orleans, LA. The data collected included the number of men, women, adults, and children riding a bicycle with traffic, against traffic, and on sidewalks.


RESULTS
Data showed a 57% increase in the average number of riders per day (P < .001). There was a 133% increase among adult female riders (P < .001) and a 44% increase among adult male riders (P < .001). The percentage of cyclists riding in the correct direction, with the flow of traffic, increased from 73% to 82% (P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Bike lanes can have a positive impact in creating a healthy physical environment. Future research should include other streets for comparison purposes and surveys to determine whether riders are substituting biking for nonactive forms of transportation.
Isolated Penile Duplication: Case Report and Literature Review

Penil duplikasyon(diğer adıyla Diphallia veya diphallasparatus) beş milyon da bir görülen nadir bir malformationdur. Sıklıkla anorektal, üriner ve vertebral anomalilerle birliktedir. Hastanemiz üroloji kliniğine penil şekil bozukluğu şikayetiyle başvuran 15 yaşında erkek hasta anomalinin ve eşlik edebilecek diğer patolojilerin görüntülenebilmesi amacıyla radyoloji ünitesine gönderilmişti. MR incelemede tam olmayan psödoduplikasyon ile uyumlu olan ve diğer kanal ile birleşen ikinci bir uretra distalde aksesuar glans düzeyinde künt olarak sonlanmaktaydı. Doppler USG inceleme ile korpus kavernozum ve korpus spongiozum düzeylerinde vasküler yapılar değerlendirildi. Nadir rastlanan penil duplikasyon olgumuzda yapılan MR , sonografi ve indirekt röntgen incelemelerinin sonuçlarını literatürde rastlanan az sayıda benzer olguları da gözden geçirerek sunmayı amaçladık. Abstract
Anomaly detection in monitoring sensor data for preventive maintenance

Today, many industrial companies must face problems raised by maintenance. In particular, the anomaly detection problem is probably one of the most challenging. In this paper we focus on the railway maintenance task and propose to automatically detect anomalies in order to predict in advance potential failures. We first address the problem of characterizing normal behavior. In order to extract interesting patterns, we have developed a method to take into account the contextual criteria associated to railway data (itinerary, weather conditions, etc.). We then measure the compliance of new data, according to extracted knowledge, and provide information about the seriousness and the exact localization of a detected anomaly. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pregnancy is associated with elevation of liver enzymes in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to assess whether pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver enzyme elevation (LEE) and severe LEE in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy (ART).


DESIGN
Two observational studies: the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study and the UK and Ireland National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC).


METHODS
Combined data from UK CHIC and NSHPC were used to identify factors associated with LEE (grade 1-4) and severe LEE (grade 3-4). Women starting ART in 2000-2012 were included irrespective of pregnancy status. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess fixed and time-dependent covariates including pregnancy status, CD4 cell count, drug regimen and hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection.


RESULTS
One-quarter (25.7%, 982/3815) of women were pregnant during follow-up, 14.2% (n = 541) when starting ART. The rate of LEE was 14.5/100 person-years in and 6.0/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The rate of severe LEE was 3.9/100 person-years in and 0.6/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The risk of LEE and severe LEE was increased during pregnancy [LEE: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66 (1.31-2.09); severe LEE: aHR 3.57 (2.30-5.54)], including in secondary analyses excluding 541 women pregnant when starting ART. Other factors associated with LEE and severe LEE included lower CD4 cell count (<250 cells/μl), HBV/HCV coinfection and calendar year.


CONCLUSION
Although few women developed severe LEE, this study provides further evidence that pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LEE and severe LEE, reinforcing the need for regular monitoring of liver biomarkers during pregnancy.
Sublayer-Specific Coding Dynamics during Spatial Navigation and Learning in Hippocampal Area CA1

The mammalian hippocampus is critical for spatial information processing and episodic memory. Its primary output cells, CA1 pyramidal cells (CA1 PCs), vary in genetics, morphology, connectivity, and electrophysiological properties. It is therefore possible that distinct CA1 PC subpopulations encode different features of the environment and differentially contribute to learning. To test this hypothesis, we optically monitored activity in deep and superficial CA1 PCs segregated along the radial axis of the mouse hippocampus and assessed the relationship between sublayer dynamics and learning. Superficial place maps were more stable than deep during head-fixed exploration. Deep maps, however, were preferentially stabilized during goal-oriented learning, and representation of the reward zone by deep cells predicted task performance. These findings demonstrate that superficial CA1 PCs provide a more stable map of an environment, while their counterparts in the deep sublayer provide a more flexible representation that is shaped by learning about salient features in the environment. VIDEO ABSTRACT.