LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Alert Message Dissemination Protocol for VANET to Improve Road Safety

-Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless networks that do not require any fixed infrastructure. Regarding traffic safety applications for VANETs, warning messages have to be quickly and smartly disseminated in order to reduce the required dissemination time and to increase the number of vehicles receiving the traffic warning information. Adaptive techniques for VANETs usually consider features related to the vehicles in the scenario, such as their density, speed, and position, to adapt the performance of the dissemination process. These approaches are not useful when trying to warn the highest number of vehicles about dangerous situations in realistic vehicular environments. The Profile-driven Adaptive Warning Dissemination Scheme (PAWDS) designed to improve the warning message dissemination process. PAWDS system that dynamically modifies some of the key parameters of the propagation process and it cannot detect the vehicles which are in the dangerous position. Proposed system identifies the vehicles which are in the dangerous position and to send warning messages immediately. The vehicles must make use of all the available information efficiently to predict the position of nearby vehicles. Keywords— PAWDS, VANET, Ad hoc network , OBU , RSU, GPS.
24 versus 48 Weeks of Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 Chronically Infected Patients with a Rapid Virological Response: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES
The optimal treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 is unclear owing to its limited geographic distribution. Because of a high predictive value of rapid virological response (RVR) for sustained virological response (SVR), we conducted an open-label randomized controlled trial to compare 24- and 48-week peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy for patients with HCV genotype 6 in Southern China who achieved an RVR.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
Treatment-naive, non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 were treated with pegylated interferon α-2a (180 μg/week) and ribavirin (800-1,200 mg, according to weight) for 4 weeks. Patients who achieved an RVR, which was defined as HCV RNA negativity at week 4 (<50 IU), were randomized to receive either an additional 20 or 44 weeks of treatment (24- and 48-week treatment groups, respectively). The primary outcome measure was SVR. From January 2011 to June 2014, 152(152/210, 72.4%) patients with HCV genotype 6a and RVR were randomized 1:1 to the 24- or 48-week treatment group. The SVR rates in the 24- and 48-week groups in the intention-to-treat analysis were 90.8% (69/76) and 88.2% (67/76), respectively; those in the per-protocol analysis were 95.7% (67/70) and 97.0% (64/66), respectively. More patients in the 48-week group had anemia (46.1% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.03), but other adverse events were comparable between the groups. The limitation of the present study was that only patients from Southern China were enrolled which may inhibit the extensive application of the findings.


CONCLUSION
Twenty-four weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy was non-inferior to 48 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 6a in Southern China who achieved an RVR.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01263860.
Difference Ramsey Numbers and Issai Numbers

We present a recursive algorithm for finding good lower bounds for the classical Ramsey numbers. Using notions from this algorithm we then give some results for generalized Schur numbers, which we call Issai numbers.
Quantum Optics and Heavy Ion Physics

I shall try to say a few words about two particular ways in which my own work has a certain relation to your work with heavy ions. My title is therefore "Quantum Optics and Heavy Ion Physics".
Learning the Compositional Nature of Visual Object Categories for Recognition

Real-world scene understanding requires recognizing object categories in novel visual scenes. This paper describes a composition system that automatically learns structured, hierarchical object representations in an unsupervised manner without requiring manual segmentation or manual object localization. A central concept for learning object models in the challenging, general case of unconstrained scenes, large intraclass variations, large numbers of categories, and lacking supervision information is to exploit the compositional nature of our (visual) world. The compositional nature of visual objects significantly limits their representation complexity and renders learning of structured object models statistically and computationally tractable. We propose a robust descriptor for local image parts and show how characteristic compositions of parts can be learned that are based on an unspecific part vocabulary shared between all categories. Moreover, a Bayesian network is presented that comprises all the compositional constituents together with scene context and object shape. Object recognition is then formulated as a statistical inference problem in this probabilistic model.
A General Empirical Solution to the Macro Software Sizing and Estimating Problem

Application software development has been an area of organizational effort that has not been amenable to the normal managerial and cost controls. Instances of actual costs of several times the initial budgeted cost, and a time to initial operational capability sometimes twice as long as planned are more often the case than not.
Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND
The study examined the profile of stress in mothers and fathers of preschool children with autism, Down syndrome and typically developing children. A further aim was to assess the association between parenting stress and coping style.


METHODS
A total of 162 parents were examined using Holroyd's 66-item short form of Questionnaire of Resources and Stress for Families with Chronically Ill or Handicapped Members and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Endler and Parker.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated a higher level of stress in parents of children with autism. Additionally, an interaction effect was revealed between child diagnostic group and parent's gender for two scales of parenting stress: dependency and management and limits of family opportunities. Mothers of children with autism scored higher than fathers in parental stress; no such differences were found in the group of parents of children with Down syndrome and typically developing children. It was also found that parents of children with autism differed from parents of typically developing children in social diversion coping. Emotion-oriented coping was the predictor for parental stress in the samples of parents of children with autism and Down syndrome, and task-oriented coping was the predictor of parental stress in the sample of parents of typically developing children. The results strongly supported earlier findings on parenting stress in parents of children with autism. They also shed interesting light on the relationship between coping styles and parental stress.
Quality management of B2C e-commerce service based on human factors engineering

This study investigates business-to-customer (B2C) electronic commerce services from a quality management perspective. We propose a novel quality management approach that is based on human factors engineering to manage e-commerce service quality and operate according to customer needs. First, we screen credible quality requirements and determine their weights by integrating Kano’s model with our previous work, including the model of B2C website service quality. Then, we can extract quality characteristics according to image words and credible customer requirements. The weights of the quality characteristics are deduced by refining characteristics through a house of quality reconstruction and mapping customer requirements to characteristics. Finally, based on related theories or viewpoints, the operating practices for quality characteristics entail quantitative output with importance and grades taken into consideration. Our experimental results demonstrate that operating practices can help managers understand e-commerce service quality and have useful implications for companies in the management of e-commerce service quality. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aftereffect and Scandal: Martin Heidegger in France

Jean-Paul Sartre wrote in 1960 that the case of Martin Heidegger was too complex for him to explain at the time. What Sartre did not--could not? would not?-address some thirty years ago returns today as aftereffect and scandal. Until recently, the reception of Heidegger's writings in France bordered on the reverential. As a cultural figure, he came to personify the philosopher-poet whose conception of language and practice of writing inspired a generation of artists and writers including Georges Braque, Maurice Blanchot, and Rene Char. This portrayal is meaningful when it is set against an alternative view of Heidegger more prevalent among British and American philosophers as "the best comic example of the philosophical quack."' Reference at the level of national practice often borders on caricature. But it also asserts that philosophy is not merely a tradition of texts and issues made up of "great books" and/or "great ideas." Philosophy is undeniably this, but it is also a set of practices, discourses, and institutions that regulate how ideas and books circulate in the public sphere. The pages that follow study the specifically French setting of debate over Heidegger. Despite my misgivings over the validity of reference at the level of national practice, my inquiry derives from a strong sense that the fate of a German philosopher in France points with particular urgency to questions related to philosophy as discourse and institution. National practice is thus a point of departure and a self-imposed constraint. To my knowledge, the first of Martin Heidegger's writings published in France was a 1931 translation of "What is Metaphysics?" that appeared in Bifur alongside "La Legende de la verit'" ("The Legend of Truth"), an early fiction--a philosopher's tale-by the young Jean-Paul Sartre! After World War II, the divergence between Sartre's 1946 Existentialism is a Humanism and Heidegger's 1947 "Letter on Humanism" revised a tutelage Sartre had
The Development of Tactile Perception.

Touch is the first of our senses to develop, providing us with the sensory scaffold on which we come to perceive our own bodies and our sense of self. Touch also provides us with direct access to the external world of physical objects, via haptic exploration. Furthermore, a recent area of interest in tactile research across studies of developing children and adults is its social function, mediating interpersonal bonding. Although there are a range of demonstrations of early competence with touch, particularly in the domain of haptics, the review presented here indicates that many of the tactile perceptual skills that we take for granted as adults (e.g., perceiving touches in the external world as well as on the body) take some time to develop in the first months of postnatal life, likely as a result of an extended process of connection with other sense modalities which provide new kinds of information from birth (e.g., vision and audition). Here, we argue that because touch is of such fundamental importance across a wide range of social and cognitive domains, it should be placed much more centrally in the study of early perceptual development than it currently is.
Facilitating Acceptance of Organizational Change: The Importance of Self-Determination'

Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1987, 1991) proposes that internalization can be facilitated by supporting a person’s autonomy. Autonomy support can be achieved using 3 means: giving a rationale for doing a task, offering some choice about how to do the task, and acknowledging feelings about the task. We examined the effects of these 3 factors on acceptance of change in a work organization. Employees from a large Canadian telecommunications company that was in the midst of profound transformation completed scales on 2 separate occasions. Cross-sectional and longitudinal results demonstrated that the 3 factors facilitated acceptance of organizational change, with substantial effect sizes. Implications for successful organizational transformation are discussed.
How does it play better?: exploring user testing and biometric storyboards in games user research

Improving game design is a hard task. Few methods are available in games user research (GUR) to test formally how game designs work for players. In particular, the usefulness of user tests (UTs) for game designers has not been fully studied in the CHI community. We propose a novel GUR method called Biometric Storyboards (BioSt) and present a study demonstrating how a Classic UT and a BioSt UT both help designers create a better gameplay experience. In addition, we show that BioSt can help designers deliver significantly better visuals, more fun, and higher gameplay quality than designing without UTs and that classic UTs do not provide this significant advantage. Our interviews support the idea that BioSt provides more nuanced game design improvement. The design implication is that a game designed with the BioSt method will result in high gameplay quality.
Decentralised production organisation and institutional transformation: large and small firm networks in Chile and Nicaragua

This paper analyses changing production organisation and new governance that contribute to productive upgrading in developing economies. It discusses research conducted in Chile and Nicaragua, focused on agroindustrial clusters. Recent analyses of small firms in developing countries highlight the important presence of clusters, and local factors in building global competitiveness. This paper argues for an approach that focuses on the institutional arrangements to coordinate decentralised production networks. It emphasises the role of learning-by-monitoring as the key to successful adjustment in the face of liberalisation and globalisation. It identifies the institutional reshaping of relations between firms, and between the state and the economy. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Explicit Runge-Kutta Schemes and Finite Elements with Symmetric Stabilization for First-Order Linear PDE Systems

We analyze explicit Runge–Kutta schemes in time combined with stabilized finite elements in space to approximate evolution problems with a first-order linear differential operator in space of Friedrichs-type. For the time discretization, we consider explicit secondand third-order Runge–Kutta schemes. We identify a general set of properties on the spatial stabilization, encompassing continuous and discontinuous finite elements, under which we prove stability estimates using energy arguments. Then, we establish L-norm error estimates with (quasi-)optimal convergence rates for smooth solutions in space and time. These results hold under the usual CFL condition for third-order Runge–Kutta schemes and any polynomial degree in space and for second-order Runge– Kutta schemes and first-order polynomials in space. For second-order Runge–Kutta schemes and higher polynomial degrees in space, a tightened 4/3-CFL condition is required. Numerical results are presented for the advection and wave equations.
On-line signature veri!cation

We describe a method for on-line handwritten signature veri!cation. The signatures are acquired using a digitizing tablet which captures both dynamic and spatial information of the writing. After preprocessing the signature, several features are extracted. The authenticity of a writer is determined by comparing an input signature to a stored reference set (template) consisting of three signatures. The similarity between an input signature and the reference set is computed using string matching and the similarity value is compared to a threshold. Several approaches for obtaining the optimal threshold value from the reference set are investigated. The best result yields a false reject rate of 2.8% and a false accept rate of 1.6%. Experiments on a database containing a total of 1232 signatures of 102 individuals show that writer-dependent thresholds yield better results than using a common threshold. ? 2002 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with Na/K citrate.

AIMS
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent complication of many radiological procedures involving the application of contrast media. It represents a significant health problem that causes the increase in mortality, morbidity, and medical costs. For the prevention of CIN, a number of methods have been proposed to be effective. Among them, alkalinization of urine takes an important place. Although the Na/K citrate is a well-known agent for urine alkalinization, it has not been studied in the prevention of CIN.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Two hundred and two patients who underwent coronary angiography were included in the study. They were randomized into groups receiving the drug Na/K citrate per os and to the control group. Serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate were determined in all patients immediately before coronary angiography, and 48 h after the procedure. CIN criteria were a creatinine increase of >25%, reduction in the glomerular filtration rate by >25%, or an increase in serum creatinine of >44 μmol/L. The incidence of CIN in the group receiving Na/K citrate was significantly lower when compared with the control group (4% compared with 20%, P = 0.0001). Patients who had a urine pH <6 had a more than ten-fold higher incidence of contrast nephropathy compared with patients whose urine pH was >6.


CONCLUSION
Alkalinization of urine using the Na/K citrate may reduce the incidence of CIN.
The distribution of pelvic organ support in a population of female subjects seen for routine gynecologic health care.

OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to describe the distribution of pelvic organ support stages in a population of women seen at outpatient gynecology clinics for routine gynecologic health care.


STUDY DESIGN
This was an observational study. Women seen for routine gynecologic health care at four outpatient gynecology clinics were recruited to participate. After informed consent was obtained general biographic data were collected regarding obstetric history, medical history, and surgical history. Women then underwent a pelvic examination. Pelvic organ support was measured and described according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system. Stages of support were evaluated by variable for trends with Pearson chi(2) statistics.


RESULTS
A total of 497 women were examined. The average age was 44 years, with a range of 18 to 82 years. The overall distribution of pelvic organ prolapse quantification system stages was as follows: stage 0, 6.4%; stage 1, 43.3%; stage 2, 47.7%; and stage 3, 2.6%. No subjects examined had pelvic organ prolapse quantification system stage 4 prolapse. Variables with a statistically significant trend toward increased pelvic organ prolapse quantification system stage were advancing age, increasing gravidity and parity, increasing number of vaginal births, delivery of a macrosomic infant, history of hysterectomy or pelvic organ prolapse operations, postmenopausal status, and hypertension.


CONCLUSION
The distribution of the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system stages in the population revealed a bell-shaped curve, with most subjects having stage 1 or 2 support. Few subjects had either stage 0 (excellent support) or stage 3 (moderate to severe pelvic support defects) results. There was a statistically significant trend toward increased pelvic organ prolapse quantification system stage of support among women with many of the historically quoted etiologic factors for the development of pelvic organ prolapse.
The governance self-assessment checklist: An instrument for assessing board effectiveness

This article describes the development and validation of the Governance Self-Assessment Checklist (GSAC). The GSAC was designed to assist boards of directors of nonprofit and public sector organizations to identify strengths and weaknesses in the governance of their organizations, educate board members about the essentials of good governance, and improve their governance practices. The instrument comprises 144 items organized into twelve subscales. The results of the study indicated that the subscales have excellent internal consistency reliability, exhibit good criterion-related validity, and are able to discriminate between stronger and weaker aspects of board functioning. The relative strengths and weaknesses in board effectiveness were identified, and the implications of the findings for the assessment of board effectiveness and field applications of the GSAC were discussed.
Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional Malaysian school survey.

INTRODUCTION
Sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents is a major concern, especially with the worry of HIV/AIDS. This study was done to determine the prevalence of sexual intercourse among secondary school students aged 12 to 19 years in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


METHODS
This is a cross-sectional school survey conducted on 4,500 adolescent students based on a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the self-administered questionnaire (translated version of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance in Bahasa Malaysia).


RESULTS
The study showed that 5.4 percent of the total sample were reported to have had sexual intercourse. The proportion among male students who had had sex was higher (8.3 percent) compared with female students (2.9 percent). The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 15 years. One percent of students reported that they had been pregnant or had made someone else pregnant. Adolescent sexual intercourse was significantly associated with (1) socio-demographical factors (age, gender); (2) environmental factors (staying with parents); and (3) substance use (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, drug use), even after adjustment for demographical factors. The survey showed that 20.8 percent of respondents had taken alcohol, 14.0 percent had smoked cigarettes, 2.5 percent had tried marijuana, 1.2 percent had tried ecstasy pills, 2.6 percent had tried glue sniffing, 0.7 percent had tried heroin, and 0.7 percent had intravenous drugs.


CONCLUSION
Prevalence of sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents was relatively low compared to developed countries. However, certain groups of adolescents tend to be at higher risk of engaging in sexual intercourse. This problem should be addressed early by targeting these groups of high-risk adolescents.