LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on substrate consumption in persons with spinal cord injury

Objective:To investigate the influence of pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on fat and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged arm cranking exercise in persons with spinal cord injury.Subjects:Six male paraplegic subjects (PS, Ll–Th3, 46.3±6.6 years) and seven able-bodied subjects (AB, 43.1±4.6 years) were volunteered to participate in the present study.Methods:The subjects were required to consume a glucose solution (1 g kg−1 body mass and 500 ml plain water; glucose experiment) or only plain water (water experiment) before the prolonged exercise. Then the subjects performed for 1-h arm cranking exercise at a moderate workload.Results:In the water experiment, the carbohydrate oxidation slightly decreased and the fat oxidation increased continuously in AB. In contrast, the carbohydrate and fat oxidation of PS was constant during the exercise in the water experiment. In the glucose experiment, the fat oxidation did not rise and the carbohydrate oxidation was constant until the end of the exercise in PS and AB. PS oxidized more fat than AB in the glucose experiment (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between PS and AB in the water experiment.Conclusion:Using a wheelchair in daily life regularly was regarded as an exercise training that disciplined PS indirectly and is considered to cause PS to have more percentage of type I fiber than AB in the anterior deltoid muscle. Thus, the distribution of muscle fiber type in anterior deltoid muscle might be one of the factors that impacted the fat oxidation of PS in glucose experiment.
High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

BACKGROUND
Small studies have suggested that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate continuous training (MCT) in reversing cardiac remodeling and increasing aerobic capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The present multicenter trial compared 12 weeks of supervised interventions of HIIT, MCT, or a recommendation of regular exercise (RRE).


METHODS
Two hundred sixty-one patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and New York Heart Association class II to III were randomly assigned to HIIT at 90% to 95% of maximal heart rate, MCT at 60% to 70% of maximal heart rate, or RRE. Thereafter, patients were encouraged to continue exercising on their own. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, after the intervention, and at follow-up after 52 weeks. Primary end point was a between-group comparison of change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from baseline to 12 weeks.


RESULTS
Groups did not differ in age (median, 60 years), sex (19% women), ischemic pathogenesis (59%), or medication. Change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from baseline to 12 weeks was not different between HIIT and MCT (P=0.45); left ventricular end-diastolic diameter changes compared with RRE were -2.8 mm (-5.2 to -0.4 mm; P=0.02) in HIIT and -1.2 mm (-3.6 to 1.2 mm; P=0.34) in MCT. There was also no difference between HIIT and MCT in peak oxygen uptake (P=0.70), but both were superior to RRE. However, none of these changes was maintained at follow-up after 52 weeks. Serious adverse events were not statistically different during supervised intervention or at follow-up at 52 weeks (HIIT, 39%; MCT, 25%; RRE, 34%; P=0.16). Training records showed that 51% of patients exercised below prescribed target during supervised HIIT and 80% above target in MCT.


CONCLUSIONS
HIIT was not superior to MCT in changing left ventricular remodeling or aerobic capacity, and its feasibility remains unresolved in patients with heart failure.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00917046.
Krylov subspace iterative techniques: on the detection of brain activity with electrical impedance tomography

In this paper, we review some numerical techniques based on the linear Krylov subspace iteration that can be used for the efficient calculation of the forward and the inverse electrical impedance tomography problems. Exploring their computational advantages in solving large-scale systems of equations, we specifically address their implementation in reconstructing localized impedance changes occurring within the human brain. If the conductivity of the head tissues is assumed to be real, the preconditioned conjugate gradients (PCGs) algorithm can be used to calculate efficiently the approximate forward solution to a given error tolerance. The performance and the regularizing properties of the PCG iteration for solving ill-conditioned systems of equations (PCGNs) is then explored, and a suitable preconditioning matrix is suggested in order to enhance its convergence rate. For image reconstruction, the nonlinear inverse problem is considered. Based on the Gauss-Newton method for solving nonlinear problems we have developed two algorithms that implement the PCGN iteration to calculate the linear step solution. Using an anatomically detailed model of the human head and a specific scalp electrode arrangement, images of a simulated impedance change inside brain's white matter have been reconstructed.
Prior experience of interprofessional learning enhances undergraduate nursing and healthcare students' professional identity and attitudes to teamwork.

BACKGROUND
How willing are today's medical, nursing and other healthcare students to undertake some of their studies as shared learning? There is a lack of evidence of students' views by discipline despite this being a priority task for higher education sectors. This study explored the views of nursing, midwifery, nursing-emergency health (paramedic), medical, physiotherapy and nutrition-dietetics students.


METHODS
Senior undergraduate students from six disciplines at one university completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale prior to participating in interprofessional clinical learning modules.


RESULTS
For 741 students, the highest ranked response was agreement about a need for teamwork (mean 4.42 of 5 points). Nursing students held significantly more positive attitudes towards Teamwork/Collaboration, and were more positive about Professional Identity than medical students (p < .001). Midwifery and nursing-emergency-health students rejected uncertainty about Roles/Responsibilities compared with medical students (p < .001). One-third of all students who had prior experience of interprofessional learning held more positive attitudes in each of four attitude domains (p < .05).


CONCLUSION
Overall, students' attitudes towards interprofessional learning were positive and all student groups were willing to engage in learning interprofessionally. Early introduction of IPL is recommended. Further studies should explore the trajectory of students' attitudes throughout the university degree.
Recursive Cross-Domain Face/Sketch Generation from Limited Facial Parts

We start by asking an interesting yet challenging question, “If a large proportion (e.g., more than 90% as shown in Fig. 1) of the face/sketch is missing, can a realistic whole face sketch/image still be estimated?” Existing face completion and generation methods either do not conduct domain transfer learning or can not handle large missing area. For example, the inpainting approach tends to blur the generated region when the missing area is large (i.e., more than 50%). In this paper, we exploit the potential of deep learning networks in filling large missing region (e.g., as high as 95% missing) and generating realistic faces with high-fidelity in cross domains. We propose the recursive generation by bidirectional transformation networks (rBTN) that recursively generates a whole face/sketch from a small sketch/face patch. The large missing area and the cross domain challenge make it difficult to generate satisfactory results using a unidirectional cross-domain learning structure. On the other hand, a forward and backward bidirectional learning between the face and sketch domains would enable recursive estimation of the missing region in an incremental manner (Fig. 1) and yield appealing results. r-BTN also adopts an adversarial constraint to encourage the generation of realistic faces/sketches. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superior performance from r-BTN as compared to existing potential solutions.
Online Gaming Dependency: A Preliminary Study in China

Based on theories and previous studies on problematic Internet use, we propose a model to better understand the contributors to and consequences of online gaming dependency. A preliminary study was conducted through a survey of online gamers in China. The results of path analysis found that maladaptive cognitions, shyness, and depression are positively related to online gaming dependency. Online gaming dependency was also positively related to different types of negative life outcomes. The findings of this study have implications for the prevention and treatment of addictive online gaming.
Bots as Language Learning Tools

Foreign Language Learning (FLL) students commonly have few opportunities to use their target language. Teachers in FLL situations do their best to create opportunities during classes through pair or group work, but a variety of factors ranging from a lack of time to shyness or limited opportunity for quality feedback hamper this. This paper discusses online chatbots' potential role in fulfilling this need. Chatbots could provide a means of language practice for students anytime and virtually anywhere. 211 students used two well-known bots in class and their feedback was recorded with a brief written survey. Most students enjoyed using the chatbots. They also generally felt more comfortable conversing with the bots than a student partner or teacher. This is a budding technology that has up to now been designed primarily for native speakers of English. In their present state chatbots are generally only useful for advanced and/or very keen language students. However, means exist now for language teachers to get involved and bring this technology into the FLL classroom as a permanent tool for language practice.
A randomized, double-blind, prospective study comparing the efficacy of continuous versus pulsed radiofrequency in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To compare the efficacy of continuous radiofrequency (CRF) thermocoagulation with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome.


DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.


SETTING
Ambulatory pain clinic at a level-I trauma center and teaching institution.


PATIENTS
50 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients, at least 18 years of age, scheduled to undergo CRF or PRF for lumbar back pain.


INTERVENTIONS
Target facet joints were identified with oblique radiographic views. Continuous radiofrequency thermocoagulation was delivered at 80 degrees C for 75 seconds, while PRF was delivered at 42 degrees C with a pulse duration of 20 ms and pulse rate of two Hz for 120 seconds.


MEASUREMENTS
Visual analog scale (VAS) pain assessment and Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire (OSW) were administered at baseline and then at three months. Comparisons between groups and within groups were made of the relative percentage improvement in VAS and OSW scores.


MAIN RESULTS
No significant differences in the relative percentage improvement were noted between groups in either VAS (P = 0.46) or OSW scores (P = 0.35). Within the PRF group, comparisons of the relative change over time for both VAS (P = 0.21) and OSW scores (P = 0.61) were not significant. However, within the CRF group, VAS (P = 0.02) and OSW scores (P = 0.03) showed significant improvement.


CONCLUSIONS
Although there was no significant difference between CRF and PRF therapy in long-term outcome in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome, there was a greater improvement over time noted within the CRF group.
A Systematic Mapping Study on Software Engineering Education

Inadequate curriculum for software engineering is considered to be one of the most common software risks. A number of solutions, on improving Software Engineering Education (SEE) have been reported in literature but there is a need to collectively present these solutions at one place. We have performed a mapping study to present a broad view of literature; published on improving the current state of SEE. Our aim is to give academicians, practitioners and researchers an international view of the current state of SEE. Our study has identified 70 primary studies that met our selection criteria, which we further classified and categorized in a well-defined Software Engineering educational framework. We found that the most researched category within the SE educational framework is Innovative Teaching Methods whereas the least amount of research was found in Student Learning and Assessment category. Our future work is to conduct a Systematic Literature Review on SEE. Keywords—Mapping Study, Software Engineering, Software Engineering Education, Literature Survey.
Randomized trial of lamivudine versus entecavir in entecavir-treated patients with undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA: outcome at 2 Years.

UNLABELLED
We aimed to determine the 2-year outcomes of entecavir followed by lamivudine in patients with undetectable viral load (<12 IU/mL) and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after initial entecavir treatment for at least 6 months. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to continue with entecavir or switch to lamivudine. Liver biochemistry and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were determined at weeks 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96. Mutational analysis using line-probe assay were performed at weeks 0, 24, 48, and 96 and at the time of HBV DNA relapse. There was no elevation of ALT observed in any patients up to 96 weeks. At 96 weeks of follow-up, 19/25 (76%) patients in the lamivudine arm had persistently undetectable HBV DNA, compared with 25/25 (100%) patients in the entecavir arm. Six patients in the lamivudine arm had HBV DNA >20 IU/mL, occurring at a range of 12 to 96 weeks. Of these, four patients had HBV DNA of less than 100 IU/mL during rebound (three had undetectable HBV DNA after switching back to entecavir), and the remaining two patients had HBV DNA levels of 7,973 and 699 IU/mL. Three patients (12%) had evidence of drug-resistant mutations, of which two patients had rtM204I mutation and one patient had rtM204V mutation. One of these three patients had previous lamivudine exposure before entecavir treatment and one patient had questionable drug compliance.


CONCLUSION
Sequential therapy using entecavir followed by lamivudine resulted in virological rebound in 24% of patients after 96 weeks. Prior optimal viral suppression with entecavir did not confer any significant advantage in patients who switched to lamivudine.
Self-advising support vector machine

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms for classification and regression. SVM displays outstanding performance when utilized in many applications. However, different approaches have been proposed in order to improve its performance in general and in special cases. This paper proposes a new method of improving SVM performance in general. This method can be applied to all the types of SVMs that have differing kernel types. The key aim of the proposed approach is to transfer more information from the training phase to the testing phase. This information is obtained from the misclassified data of the training phase, which is ignored in the classic SVM. Experimental results from eleven datasets from the real online resources show that this approach can improve the classification performances of C-SVM and m-SVM without adding any parameters to the learner algorithm. Statistical tests show significance in this improvement. The proposed method has been found to improve accuracies of C-SVM and m-SVM in more than 67% of the experiments in which 11% of these improvements are more than 5%. It must be noted that the highest improvement found with this method was 25%. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unplanned admissions and the organisational management of heart failure: a multicentre ethnographic, qualitative study

OBJECTIVES
Heart failure is a common cause of unplanned hospital admissions but there is little evidence on why, despite evidence-based interventions, admissions occur. This study aimed to identify critical points on patient pathways where risk of admission is increased and identify barriers to the implementation of evidence-based interventions.


DESIGN
Multicentre, longitudinal, patient-led ethnography.


SETTING
National Health Service settings across primary, community and secondary care in three geographical locations in England, UK.


PARTICIPANTS
31 patients with severe or difficult to manage heart failure followed for up to 11 months; 9 carers; 55 healthcare professionals.


RESULTS
Fragmentation of healthcare, inequitable provision of services and poor continuity of care presented barriers to interventions for heart failure. Critical points where a reduction in the risk of current or future admission occurred throughout the pathway. At the beginning some patients did not receive a formal clinical diagnosis, in addition patients lacked information about heart failure, self-care and knowing when to seek help. Some clinicians lacked knowledge about diagnosis and management. Misdiagnoses of symptoms and discontinuity of care resulted in unplanned admissions. Approaching end of life, patients were admitted to hospital when other options including palliative care could have been appropriate.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings illustrate the complexity involved in caring for people with heart failure. Fragmented healthcare and discontinuity of care added complexity and increased the likelihood of suboptimal management and unplanned admissions. Diagnosis and disclosure is a vital first step for the patient in a journey of acceptance and learning to self-care/monitor. The need for clinician education about heart failure and specialist services was acknowledged. Patient education should be seen as an ongoing 'conversation' with trusted clinicians and end-of-life planning should be broached within this context.
Determining Uses and Gratifications for the Internet

Uses and gratifications (U&G) is a media use paradigm from mass communications research that guides the assessment of consumer motivations for media usage and access. It has been used previously in research and decision making related to the promotion of emerging radio and television media. Recent adaptations of U&G research to the Internet are incomplete and have not identified important new Internet-specific gratifications. This paper empirically derives dimensions of consumer Internet use and usage gratifications among customers of a prominent Internet Service Provider (ISP). Results describe three key dimensions related to consumer use of the Internet, including process and content gratifications as previously found in studies of television, as well as an entirely new social gratification that is unique to Internet use. All three dimensions of gratification are relevant to managing the Internet as a commercial medium, and measures developed from the gratification profiles identified here can serve as trait-valid scales in future Internet and e-commerce research. Subject Areas: Functional Areas: Choice Processes, Consumer Behavior, End-User Computing, Human/Computer Interaction, Internet, Motivation, and Uses and Gratifications; Methodological Areas: Confirmatory Analysis, Multivariate Statistics, and Survey Research.
Discovering Health Topics in Social Media Using Topic Models

By aggregating self-reported health statuses across millions of users, we seek to characterize the variety of health information discussed in Twitter. We describe a topic modeling framework for discovering health topics in Twitter, a social media website. This is an exploratory approach with the goal of understanding what health topics are commonly discussed in social media. This paper describes in detail a statistical topic model created for this purpose, the Ailment Topic Aspect Model (ATAM), as well as our system for filtering general Twitter data based on health keywords and supervised classification. We show how ATAM and other topic models can automatically infer health topics in 144 million Twitter messages from 2011 to 2013. ATAM discovered 13 coherent clusters of Twitter messages, some of which correlate with seasonal influenza (r = 0.689) and allergies (r = 0.810) temporal surveillance data, as well as exercise (r =  .534) and obesity (r =  -.631) related geographic survey data in the United States. These results demonstrate that it is possible to automatically discover topics that attain statistically significant correlations with ground truth data, despite using minimal human supervision and no historical data to train the model, in contrast to prior work. Additionally, these results demonstrate that a single general-purpose model can identify many different health topics in social media.
Fuzzy Vault for Fingerprints

Biometrics-based user authentication has several advantages over traditional password-based systems for standalone authentication applications, such as secure cellular phone access. This is also true for new authentication architectures known as crypto-biometric systems, where cryptography and biometrics are merged to achieve high security and user convenience at the same time. In this paper, we explore the realization of a previously proposed cryptographic construct, called fuzzy vault, with the fingerprint minutiae data. This construct aims to secure critical data (e.g., secret encryption key) with the fingerprint data in a way that only the authorized user can access the secret by providing the valid fingerprint. The results show that 128-bit AES keys can be secured with fingerprint minutiae data using the proposed system.
CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)

1. Surveillance. Involves the location and use of physical features, electrical and mechanical devices, activities, and people to maximize visibility. It creates a risk of detection for intruders and a perception of safety for legitimate users. 2. Access control. Employs people, electrical and mechanical devices, and natural measures to create a perception of risk to intruders and deny them access to targets. It also guides legitimate users safely through the environment. 3. Territoriality. Uses physical features and activities to express ownership and control of the environment and promotes pride in the environment. It also discourages presence of outsiders by controlling the movement of people and vehicles, having someone be responsible for maintaining all areas in the environment for their intended uses, and delineating public, semipublic/private, and private spaces, and controlling the movement of people and vehicles. 4. Maintenance. Allows the continued use of areas for their intended uses and maintains the effectiveness of measures employed for surveillance, access control, and territoriality.