LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving Young Children’s Social and Emotional Competence: A Randomized Trial of the Preschool “PATHS” Curriculum

This paper reports the results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an adaptation of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies curriculum (PATHS) for preschool-age children in Head Start. PATHS is a universal, teacher-taught social-emotional curriculum that is designed to improve children’s social competence and reduce problem behavior. Twenty classrooms in two Pennsylvania communities participated in the study. Teachers in the 10 intervention classrooms implemented weekly lessons and extension activities across a 9-month period. Child assessments and teacher and parent reports of child behavior assessments were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. Analysis of covariance was used to control for baseline differences between the groups and pretest scores on each of the outcome measures. The results suggest that after exposure to PATHS, intervention children had higher emotion knowledge skills and were rated by parents and teachers as more socially competent compared to peers. Further, teachers rated intervention children as less socially withdrawn at the end of the school year compared to controls. Editors’ Strategic Implications:n Findings from this and other randomized clinical trials confirm that the Preschool PATHS program is clearly a promising practice for improving children’s social and emotional competence. Head Start and school programs will find these multi-informant data to be of interest as they consider a curriculum to help prepare children for school entry.
A rotating contactless power transfer system for space applications

In this paper, a rotating contactless power transfer system achieving 200W for space application is presented. Both transformer and electronics designs are presented. A proof-of-concept prototype, making use of components with space grade equivalent has been build and tested.
WANTING TO TRAVEL, MORE OR LESS: EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF THE DEFICIT AND SURFEIT OF PERSONAL TRAVEL

This study investigates the determinants of people’s desire to increase or decrease the amount of travel they do. We use data from 1,357 working commuters, residents of three different neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The dependent variables are indicators of Relative Desired Mobility for ten categories of travel (shortand long-distance overall and by several modeand purpose-specific categories). These variables are measured on a five-point ordinal scale ranging from ‘‘much less’’ to ‘‘much more’’, through which the respondents indicated the amount of travel they want to do (in the category in question) compared to what they are doing now. Censored ordered probit models were developed for these variables, with explanatory variables including general travel attitudes, specific liking for travel in each of the same separate categories, objective and subjective measures of the amount currently traveled in each category, and personality, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics. The results support the hypotheses that the liking for travel has a strong positive impact, and subjective qualitative assessments of mobility have a strong negative impact, on the desire to increase one’s travel. Finally, a number of general types of effects on Relative Desired Mobility were identified, among them complementarity and substitution effects. The results of this study can provide policy makers and researchers with new and valuable insight into key principles that affect individual travel demand.
Application of enterprise models and simulation tools for the evaluation of the impact of best manufacturing practices implementation

The emerging of the new global economy has forced companies to adopt innovative manufacturing practices. In this context the concept of extended enterprise has emerged as a model which companies are pursuing in order to remain competitive in global markets. A research project named Extended Enterprise Demonstration Factory program is being carried out in order to create reference models, methodologies and tools for the implementation of the concept of extended enterprise in Mexican SMEs (small and medium enterprises). From this project an integrated methodology for planning and implementation of best manufacturing practice has been developed. This methodology consists of five phases: (1) evaluation of the enterprise in terms of performance indicators; (2) modelling and simulation of AS-IS core process; (3) selection of best manufacturing practices for core process enhancement; (4) modelling and simulation of TO-BE core process; (5) evaluation of manufacturing practices implementation in terms of their impacts and benefits. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Surgeons Without Borders: A Brief History of Surgery at Médecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a humanitarian organization that performs emergency and elective surgical services in both conflict and non-conflict settings in over 70 countries. In 2006 MSF surgeons departed on approximately 125 missions, and over 64,000 surgical interventions were carried out in some 20 countries worldwide. Historically, the majority of MSF surgical projects began in response to conflicts or natural disasters. During an emergency response, MSF has resources to set up major operating facilities within 48 h in remote areas. One of MSF strengths is its supply chain. Large pre-packaged surgical kits, veritable “operating theatres to go,” can be readied in enormous crates and quickly loaded onto planes. In more stable contexts, MSF has also strengthened the delivery of surgical services within a country’s public health system. The MSF surgeon is the generalist in the broadest sense and performs vascular, obstetrical, orthopaedic, and other specialized surgical procedures. The organization aims to provide surgical services only temporarily. When there is a decrease in acute needs a program will be closed, or more importantly, turned over to the Ministry of Health or another non-governmental organization. The long-term solution to alleviating the global burden of surgical disease lies in building up a domestic surgical workforce capable of responding to the major causes of surgery-related morbidity and mortality. However, given that even countries with the resources of the United States suffer from an insufficiency of surgeons, the need for international emergency organizations to provide surgical assistance during acute emergencies will remain for the foreseeable future.
Pretend play, social competence and involvement in children aged 5-7 years: the concurrent validity of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between pretend play, social competence and involvement in school-based activities in children aged 5-7 years and to determine whether children's social competence and level of involvement could be inferred from their scores on the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment.


PROCEDURE
The pretend play skills of 41 primary school-aged children aged 5-7 years were assessed on a one-on-one basis. Classroom teachers of the children assessed the children's social competence using the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale and their involvement in school based activities using the Leuven Involvement Scale for Young Children.


MAIN FINDINGS
Significant positive relationships were found between elaborate pretend play and object substitution scores, involvement scores and peer play interaction scores (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). A significant negative relationship was found between elaborate pretend play scores, and social disconnection and social disruption scores (P < 0.05). Play deficit indicators were significantly negatively related to involvement scores (P < 0.01). This suggests that children with proficient pretend play skills are socially competent with peers and are able to engage in classroom activity. Children who scored poorly on the play assessment were more likely to have difficulty interacting with their peers and engaging in school activities.


CONCLUSION
Social competence and involvement skills are related to a child's ability to engage in pretend play. A child's social skills and ability to engage in school activities as assessed by teachers can be inferred from their scores on the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment.
"ARGUMENT IS WAR"-Or is it a Game of Chess? Multiple Meanings in the Analysis of Implicit Metaphors

Both Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Vervaeke and Kennedy (1996), in their critique of Lakoff and Johnson, draw narrowly from a broad range of reasonable interpretations of the metaphors they analyze. Expanding the interpretations vitiates many of Vervaeke and Kennedy’s criticisms, but it supports their call for an open interpretation of groups of metaphors, and points toward a more complex elaboration of the theories put forth by Lakoff and his colleagues. The results of applying this approach to “ARGUMENT IS WAR” suggest that war is not necessarily the primary conceptual metaphor for contentious argument, as Lakoff and Johnson claim. Rather, there is a complex field of contentious interactions, ranging from simple discussions through contests to all-out war: Any and all of these can be and are used as metaphors for the others. When a word or phrase like “defend,” “position,” “maneuver,” or “strategy” is used, there is no a priori way to determine whether the intended underlying conceptual metaphor is war, an athletic contest, or a game of chess. Similar analyses are applied to other examples from the metaphor literature, and a modification of the basic idea of conceptual mapping is proposed, in which metaphors map cognitive responses onto prototypical situations rather than mapping one specific experience or concept onto
Randomized Controlled Trial of Audio Computer-assisted Self-Interviewing : Utility and Acceptability in Longitudinal Studies

Recent studies have reported on the utility of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) in surveys of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors that involve a single assessment. This paper reports the results of a test of ACASI within a longitudinal study of HIV risk behavior and infection. Study participants (gay men (n = 1,974) and injection drug users (n = 903)) were randomly assigned to either ACASI or intervieweradministered assessment at their second follow-up visit 12 months after baseline. Significantly more of the sexually active gay men assessed via ACASI reported having sexual partners who were HIV antibody positive (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.72), and a higher proportion reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Among injection drug users (IDUs), our hypothesis was partially supported. Significantly more IDUs assessed via ACASI reported using a needle after another person without cleaning it (odds ratio = 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.34, 4.30). ACASI-assessed IDUs reported similar rates of needle sharing and needle exchange use but a lower frequency of injection. Participants reported few problems using ACASI, and it was well accepted among members of both risk groups. Sixty percent of the participants felt that the ACASI elicited more honest responses than did interviewer-administered questionnaires. Together, these data are consistent with prior research findings and suggest that ACASI can enhance the quality of behavioral assessment and provide an acceptable method for collecting self-reports of HIV risk behavior in longitudinal studies and clinical trials of prevention interventions. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:99–106.
Association between substandard classroom ventilation rates and students' academic achievement.

UNLABELLED
This study focuses on the relationship between classroom ventilation rates and academic achievement. One hundred elementary schools of two school districts in the southwest United States were included in the study. Ventilation rates were estimated from fifth-grade classrooms (one per school) using CO(2) concentrations measured during occupied school days. In addition, standardized test scores and background data related to students in the classrooms studied were obtained from the districts. Of 100 classrooms, 87 had ventilation rates below recommended guidelines based on ASHRAE Standard 62 as of 2004. There is a linear association between classroom ventilation rates and students' academic achievement within the range of 0.9-7.1 l/s per person. For every unit (1 l/s per person) increase in the ventilation rate within that range, the proportion of students passing standardized test (i.e., scoring satisfactory or above) is expected to increase by 2.9% (95%CI 0.9-4.8%) for math and 2.7% (0.5-4.9%) for reading. The linear relationship observed may level off or change direction with higher ventilation rates, but given the limited number of observations, we were unable to test this hypothesis. A larger sample size is needed for estimating the effect of classroom ventilation rates higher than 7.1 l/s per person on academic achievement.


PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The results of this study suggest that increasing the ventilation rates toward recommended guideline ventilation rates in classrooms should translate into improved academic achievement of students. More studies are needed to fully understand the relationships between ventilation rate, other indoor environmental quality parameters, and their effects on students' health and achievement. Achieving the recommended guidelines and pursuing better understanding of the underlying relationships would ultimately support both sustainable and productive school environments for students and personnel.
Pilot study of gemcitabine (10 mg/m2 per min) and cisplatin

Abstract Purpose. Gemcitabine and cisplatin are routinely used in combination. In this combination, gemcitabine at conventional doses of 1000–1500 mg/m2 is delivered weekly as a 30-minute bolus. Laboratory data suggest that the synthesis of gemcitabine triphosphate is saturable, and that gemcitabine infused at a rate of 10 mg/m2 per min optimizes accumulation of the triphosphate. Early clinical experience suggests that gemcitabine delivered by a more prolonged infusion is more myelosuppressive. In this pilot study, we wished to assess if full-dose gemcitabine when given with cisplatin could be delivered by this more prolonged infusion. Methods. In this study, all patients received cisplatin 75 mg/m2. All gemcitabine doses were delivered at 10 mg/m2 per min. For the initial cohort (level 1) the gemcitabine dose was 800 mg/m2 per min. Subsequent escalations were 1000 mg/m2 per min (level 2), and 1250 mg/m2 per min (levels 3 and 4). For the first three cohorts, patients received gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin on day 15 on a 28-day cycle. Patients on level 4 received gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin on day 8 on a 21-day cycle. Dose omissions or delays (holds) were mandated for NCI CTC grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia or grade 2–4 thrombocytopenia. Results. Entered onto this dose-finding study were 23 patients (12 male, 11 female) with advanced solid tumors. Seven patients were treatment-naive. Six patients were treated on level 1, five each on levels 2 and 3 and seven on level 4. Patients received one to seven cycles of treatment. Myelosuppression-related dose holds occurred at all levels. First-cycle dose holds occurred in three of six, four of five, three of five and two of seven patients on successive levels. First-cycle grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia/thrombocytopenia occurred in three patients on level 1, one patient on level 2, two patients on level 3 and three patients on level 4. There were no partial or complete responses. Four patients were removed for toxicity (three myelosuppression, one nephrotoxicity), one at physician discretion, and 15 with disease progression. Three patients stopped therapy with stable disease after 5–6 months. On level 3, three of five patients remained on therapy for 4 months or more, compared to only one patient on each of the other three levels. Conclusions. Weekly gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2, utilizing a 10 mg/m2 per min infusion rate, can be delivered with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 with tolerable toxicity. When used in combination with cisplatin, however, the benefit of this fixed dose rate infusion gemcitabine compared to standard bolus gemcitabine remains to be determined.
Double flap phalloplasty in transgender men: Surgical technique and outcome of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty combined with radial forearm free flap urethral reconstruction

INTRODUCTION
Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) tube-in-tube phalloplasty is the most performed phalloplasty technique worldwide. The conspicuous donor-site scar is a drawback for some transgender men. In search for techniques with less conspicuous donor-sites, we performed a series of one-stage pedicled anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) phalloplasties combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction. In this study, we aim to describe this technique and assess its surgical outcome in a series of transgender men.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between January 2008 and December 2015, nineteen transgender men (median age 37, range 21-57) underwent pedicled ALT phalloplasty combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction in one stage. The surgical procedure was described. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, intra- and postoperative complications, hospitalization length, and reoperations were recorded.


RESULTS
The size of the ALT flaps ranged from 12 × 12 to 15 × 13 cm, the size of the RFFFs from 14 × 3 to 17 × 3 cm. Median clinical follow-up was 35 months (range 3-95). Total RFFF failure occurred in two patients, total ALT flap failure in one patient, and partial necrosis of the ALT flap in one patient. Long-term urinary complications occurred in 10 (53%) patients, of which 9 concerned urethral strictures.


CONCLUSIONS
In experienced hands, one-stage pedicled ALT phalloplasty combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction is a feasible alternative surgical option in eligible transgender men, who desire a less conspicuous forearm scar. Possible drawbacks comprise flap-related complications, difficult inner flap monitoring and urethral complications.
'A coal face option': GPs' perspectives on the rise in antidepressant prescribing.

BACKGROUND
Levels of antidepressant prescribing have dramatically increased in Western countries in the last two decades.


AIM
To explore GPs' views about, and explanations for, the increase in antidepressant prescribing in Scotland between 1995 and 2004.


DESIGN
Qualitative, interview study.


SETTING
General practices, Scotland.


PARTICIPANTS
GPs in 30 practices (n = 63) purposively selected to reflect a range of practice characteristics and levels of antidepressant prescribing.


METHOD
Interviews with GPs were taped and transcribed. Analysis followed a Framework Approach.


RESULTS
GPs offered a range of explanations for the rise in antidepressant prescribing in Scotland. Few doctors thought that the incidence of depression had increased, and many questioned the appropriateness of current levels of prescribing. A number of related factors were considered to have contributed to the increase. These included: the success of campaigns to raise awareness of depression; a willingness among patients to seek help; and the perceived safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, making it easier for GPs to manage depression in primary care. Many GPs believed that unhappiness, exacerbated by social deprivation and the breakdown of traditional social structures, was being 'medicalised' inappropriately.


CONCLUSION
Most antidepressant prescriptions in Scotland are issued by GPs, and current policy aims to reduce levels of prescribing. To meet this aim, GPs' prescribing behaviour needs to change. The findings suggest that GPs see themselves as responders to, rather than facilitators of, change and this has obvious implications for initiatives to reduce prescribing.
Deep networks with probabilistic gates

We investigate learning to probabilistically bypass computations in a network architecture. Our approach is motivated by AIG [44], where layers are conditionally executed depending on their inputs, and the network is trained against a target bypass rate using a per-layer loss. We propose a per-batch loss function, and describe strategies for handling probabilistic bypass during inference as well as training. Per-batch loss allows the network additional flexibility. In particular, a form of mode collapse becomes plausible, where some layers are nearly always bypassed and some almost never; such a configuration is strongly discouraged by AIG’s per-layer loss. We explore several inference-time strategies, including the natural MAP approach. With data-dependent bypass, we demonstrate improved performance over AIG. With data-independent bypass, as in stochastic depth [18], we observe mode collapse and effectively prune layers. We demonstrate our techniques on ResNet-50 and ResNet-101 [11] for ImageNet [3], where our techniques produce improved accuracy (.15–.41% in precision@1) with substantially less computation (bypassing 25–40% of the layers).
Skew Detection in Binary Image Documents Based on Image Dilation and Region labeling Approach

In this paper we propose a new and efficient method for estimation of skew angle in a binary document image, based on image dilation and region labeling technique. The input document is dilated by using structuring element as line whose length is fixed experimentally and the region labeling technique is applied using depth first search. Orientation angle is calculated for all the labeled regions, the average of all orientation angles is considered as the skew angle of the document. The experimental results show that better accuracy of estimation could be achieved using this approach since it is based on orientation angles of all the text lines of the underlying document and is the minimum variance unbiased estimator of the true skew angle. The novelty of the proposed method is that, it is robust for machine printed document of any size/font, multi-column layouts and documents containing graphics, pictures, charts, tables etc
Synthesis of Quantum Circuits for Linear Nearest Neighbor Architectures

While a couple of impressive quantum technologies have been proposed, they have several intrinsic limitations which must be considered by circuit designers to produce realizable circuits. Limited interaction distance between gate qubits is one of the most common limitations. In this paper, we suggest extensions of the existing synthesis flow aimed to realize circuits for quantum architectures with linear nearest neighbor interaction. To this end, a template matching optimization, an exact synthesis approach, and two reordering strategies are introduced. The proposed methods are combined as an integrated synthesis flow. Experiments show that by using the suggested flow, quantum cost can be improved by more than 50% on average.