LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Invasion of Red Blood Cells by Malaria Parasites

The malaria parasite is the most important member of the Apicomplexa, a large and highly successful phylum of intracellular parasites. Invasion of host cells allows apicomplexan parasites access to a rich source of nutrients in a niche that is largely protected from host defenses. All Apicomplexa adopt a common mode of host-cell entry, but individual species incorporate unique features and utilize a specific set of ligand-receptor interactions. These adhesins ultimately connect to a parasite actin-based motor, which provides the power for invasion. While some Apicomplexa can invade many different host cells, the disease-associated blood-stage form of the malaria parasite is restricted to erythrocytes.
Private queries in location based services: anonymizers are not necessary

Mobile devices equipped with positioning capabilities (e.g., GPS) can ask location-dependent queries to Location Based Services (LBS). To protect privacy, the user location must not be disclosed. Existing solutions utilize a trusted anonymizer between the users and the LBS. This approach has several drawbacks: (i) All users must trust the third party anonymizer, which is a single point of attack. (ii) A large number of cooperating, trustworthy users is needed. (iii) Privacy is guaranteed only for a single snapshot of user locations; users are not protected against correlation attacks (e.g., history of user movement).
 We propose a novel framework to support private location-dependent queries, based on the theoretical work on Private Information Retrieval (PIR). Our framework does not require a trusted third party, since privacy is achieved via cryptographic techniques. Compared to existing work, our approach achieves stronger privacy for snapshots of user locations; moreover, it is the first to provide provable privacy guarantees against correlation attacks. We use our framework to implement approximate and exact algorithms for nearest-neighbor search. We optimize query execution by employing data mining techniques, which identify redundant computations. Contrary to common belief, the experimental results suggest that PIR approaches incur reasonable overhead and are applicable in practice.
Size-dependent antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles against Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains

BACKGROUND
CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its captivating properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications, and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various bacterial species. Here we synthesized different sized CuO nanoparticles and explored the size-dependent antibacterial activity of each CuO nanoparticles preparation.


METHODS
CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using a gel combustion method. In this approach, cupric nitrate trihydrate and citric acid were dissolved in distilled water with a molar ratio of 1:1. The resulting solution was stirred at 100°C, until gel was formed. The gel was allowed to burn at 200°C to obtain amorphous powder, which was further annealed at different temperatures to obtain different size CuO nanoparticles. We then tested the antibacterial properties using well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration methods.


RESULTS
XRD spectra confirmed the formation of single phase CuO nanoparticles. Crystallite size was found to increase with an increase in annealing temperature due to atomic diffusion. A minimum crystallite size of 20 nm was observed in the case of CuO nanoparticles annealed at 400°C. Transmission electron microscopy results corroborate well with XRD results. All CuO nanoparticles exhibited inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The size of the particles was correlated with its antibacterial activity.


CONCLUSION
The antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles was found to be size-dependent. In addition, the highly stable minimum-sized monodispersed copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized during this study demonstrated a significant increase in antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains.
Interference analyses of Electric Vehicle charging using PLC on the Control Pilot

For charging Electric Vehicles (EV) a communication between the EV and the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is inevitable. The Low Level Communication (LLC) protocol IEC 61851-1 is based on a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and provides safety to the customers by detecting errors very fast, e.g if the EV is disconnected from the EVSE. High Level Communication (HLC) Protocols are needed for authentication, clearing and coordination of charging processes to prevent local substation blackouts. Powerline Communication (PLC) is the proposed ISO/OSI layer 1 and 2 technology for the High Level Communication protocol ISO/IEC 15118, which describes the Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface in case of conductive charging. Both HLC and LLC use the same communication medium, the Control Pilot integrated into the charging cord. This work introduces an electric mobility test- and development-environment for communication systems and in particular an ISO/OSI layer 1 and 2 test bed. With this testbed the interferences on PLC, that are caused by the PWM signal and vice versa can be analyzed regarding PLC data rate and the limitations of IEC 61851-1. It is illustrated, that PLC has a performance loss of up to 66.3% for inappropriate PWM parameters. The interference analyses of PLC on the PWM signal for HomePlug AV has depicted, that the PWM signal with superposed PLC has a higher standard deviation but the limitations of 61851-1 are adhered.
Semantic Adaptation of Schema Mappings when Schemas Evolve

Schemas evolve over time to accommodate the changes in the information they represent. Such evolution causes invalidation of various artifacts depending on the schemas, such asschema mappings . In a heterogenous environment, where cooperation among data sources depends essentially upon them, schema mappings must be adapted to reflect schema evolution. In this study, we explore the mapping compositionapproach for addressing this mapping adaptation problem. We study the semantics of mapping composition in the context of mapping adaptation and compare our approach with the incremental approach of Velegrakis et al [21]. We show that our method is superior in terms of capturing the semantics of both the original mappings and the evolution. We design and implement a mapping adaptation system based on mapping composition as well as additional mapping pruningtechniques that significantly speed up the adaptation. We conduct comprehensive experimental analysis and show that the composition approach is practical in various evolution scenarios. The mapping language that we consider is a nested relational extension of the second-order dependencies of Fagin et al [7]. Our work can also be seen as an implementation of the mapping composition operator of the model management framework.
Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
Global and regional prevalence estimates for blindness and vision impairment are important for the development of public health policies. We aimed to provide global estimates, trends, and projections of global blindness and vision impairment.


METHODS
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based datasets relevant to global vision impairment and blindness that were published between 1980 and 2015. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence (by age, country, and sex), in 2015, of mild visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18 inclusive), moderate to severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive), blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60), and functional presbyopia (defined as presenting near vision worse than N6 or N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance visual acuity was better than 6/12).


FINDINGS
Globally, of the 7·33 billion people alive in 2015, an estimated 36·0 million (80% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·9-65·4) were blind (crude prevalence 0·48%; 80% UI 0·17-0·87; 56% female), 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5-359·1) people had moderate to severe visual impairment (2·95%, 80% UI 1·34-4·89; 55% female), and 188·5 million (80% UI 64·5-350·2) had mild visual impairment (2·57%, 80% UI 0·88-4·77; 54% female). Functional presbyopia affected an estimated 1094·7 million (80% UI 581·1-1686·5) people aged 35 years and older, with 666·7 million (80% UI 364·9-997·6) being aged 50 years or older. The estimated number of blind people increased by 17·6%, from 30·6 million (80% UI 9·9-57·3) in 1990 to 36·0 million (80% UI 12·9-65·4) in 2015. This change was attributable to three factors, namely an increase because of population growth (38·4%), population ageing after accounting for population growth (34·6%), and reduction in age-specific prevalence (-36·7%). The number of people with moderate and severe visual impairment also increased, from 159·9 million (80% UI 68·3-270·0) in 1990 to 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5-359·1) in 2015.


INTERPRETATION
There is an ongoing reduction in the age-standardised prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, yet the growth and ageing of the world's population is causing a substantial increase in number of people affected. These observations, plus a very large contribution from uncorrected presbyopia, highlight the need to scale up vision impairment alleviation efforts at all levels.


FUNDING
Brien Holden Vision Institute.
Planning and Scheduling for Fleets of Earth Observing Satellites

Vve address the problem of scheduling observations for a collection of earth observing satellites. This scheduling task is a difficult optimization problem, potentially involving many satellites, hundreds of requests, constraints on when and how to service each request, and resources such as instruments, recording devices, transmitters, and ground stations. High-fidelity models are required to ensure the validity of schedules; at the same time, the size and complexity of the problem makes it unlikely that systematic optimization search methods will be able to solve them in a re_onable time. This paper presents a constraint-based approach to solving the EOS scheduling problem, and proposes a stochastic heuristic search method for solving it.
Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures: A Dependence-Based Approach [Book Review]

O ptimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures: A Dependence-Based Approach, Randy Allen and Ken Kennedy. Although modern computer architectures designed with high-speed microprocessors offer potential performance gains, their complexity makes it increasingly difficult to produce efficient code. The authors assert that compilers can play a vital role in addressing this issue. They base their methods on data dependence, a fundamental compiler analysis tool for optimizing programs on high-performance microprocessors and parallel architectures. Allen and Kennedy provide a broad introduction to data dependence, the many transformation strategies it supports , and its application to optimization problems. They apply their techniques to several languages, including Fortran 77, C, hardware description languages, Fortran 90, and High-Performance Fortran. Worked examples demonstrate each compiled transformation , while two case-study compilers implement the theories described in each chapter. S ecure Communicating Systems: Design, Analysis, and Implementation , Michael R.A. Huth. Increasingly , computer professionals must deal with the use, maintenance, or cus-tomization of cryptographic components and certification mechanisms for local or mobile code. Huth explores the essentials of cryptographic systems , security protocols, and secure information flow in programs. Moving beyond this standard material , the author describes NIST's advanced encryption standard, an optimal public-key encryption using RSA that supports semantic security through a theoretical analysis conducted in the random oracle model, a formal method for specifying and debugging security protocols, and other timely topics. Intended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, this text also contains many implementation projects and a proof of primitive roots for prime powers. Huth also examines the moral, legal, and political ramifications of cryptology. and Safwat Zaky. In this updated, first-level electrical, computer engineering, and computer science text, the authors present key computer architectural concepts drawn from commercially successful computers. The first eight chapters cover computer organization, operation, and performance. The remaining four deal with embedded systems , peripheral devices, processor-family evolution patterns, and large computer systems. Hamacher and colleagues use the Motorola 68000, Intel Pentium, and ARM RISC processors to provide detailed examples early in the book. These examples demonstrate how to implement basic concepts in reduced-instruction-set and complex-instruction set computing design styles, making it easier for students to write simple programs. Mutation Testing for the New Century, W. Eric Wong, ed. Mutation testing— based upon applying a mutation operator that seeds the test implementation with a fault, then determining whether testing identifies this fault—has drawn the attention of developers …
Preserved diagnostic performance of dual-source CT coronary angiography with reduced radiation exposure and cancer risk.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of standard and optimal electrocardiographic (ECG) pulsing on diagnostic performance, radiation dose, and cancer risk in symptomatic patients in a "real-world" clinical setting.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The institutional review board approved the study, and all patients gave informed consent. Dual-source computed tomographic (CT) coronary angiography was performed in 436 symptomatic patients (301 men, 135 women; mean age, 61.6 years +/- 10.6 [standard deviation]; age range, 23-89 years) referred for conventional coronary angiography. Standard and optimal ECG pulsing was performed in 327 and 109 patients, respectively. The diagnostic performance of dual-source CT coronary angiography for detection of significant stenosis (>or=50 luminal diameter reduction), with quantitative coronary angiography as the reference standard, was reported as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. The mean effective radiation dose, additional fatal cancer risk, and age- and sex-specific cancer risks related to one CT coronary angiographic examination were determined from data averaged over the study population.


RESULTS
Mean effective doses with standard and optimal ECG pulsing were 14.2 mSv +/- 3.2 and 10.7 mSv +/- 3.6, respectively. Optimal ECG pulsing resulted in a 43% overall reduction in mean effective radiation dose and cancer risk compared with a nonpulsing protocol (18.8 mSv +/- 3.5) and a 25% overall reduction in mean effective dose compared with the standard pulsing protocol. At patient-by-patient analysis, CT coronary angiography with standard ECG pulsing yielded sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 99%, 100%), 85% (95% CI: 81%, 88%), 94% (95% CI: 91%, 96%), and 99% (95% CI: 98%, 100%), respectively, for detection of significant stenosis. Optimal ECG pulsing yielded similar results: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% (95% CI: 100%, 100%), 88% (95% CI: 82%, 94%), 97% (95% CI: 93%, 100%), and 100%, respectively.


CONCLUSION
Compared with a nonpulsing protocol, optimal ECG pulsing resulted in significant (P < .001) reductions in patient radiation dose and cancer risk (up to 55% reduction in patients with high heart rates) while preserving the diagnostic performance of dual-source CT coronary angiography.
Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid

As environmental concerns and energy consumption continue to increase, utilities are looking at cost effective strategies for improved network operation and consumer consumption. Smart grid is a collection of next generation power delivery concepts that includes new power delivery components, control and monitoring throughout the power grid and more informed customer options. This session will cover utilization of AMI networks to realize some of the smart grid goals.
Fine Motor and Functional Performance Outcomes in Preschool Children

This article was acceptedfor publication March 17, 1998. Objective. Studies ofthe effects ofoccupational therapy services on hand skill development in preschool children are limited. This study examined fine motor and relatedfunctional outcomes in preschool children who received regular occupational therapy services. Differential effects that were based on the number ofintervention sessions and amount ofconsultation were also analyzed. Method. A sample of44 preschoolers who received occupational therapy services and 20 preschoolers who did not receive occupational therapy services was assessed on 11 fine motor andfUnctional measures at the beginning and end ofthe academic year. The occupational therapy practitioners who provided the direct services recorded the format, goals, and activities for their intervention sessions. Results. The preschoolers who received occupational therapy services demonstrated significant improvement in all but two measures and improved more than the children without fine motor delays on five ofthe measures. When the preschoolers who received services, categorized by number of intervention sessions, were compared, no differences in the amount ofimprovement were found (other than in visuomotor skills). The preschoolers who received the most consultation improved the most in two ofthe measures. Conclusion. Preschoolers who received direct occupational therapy services made significant gains in fine motor skills and relatedfunctional performance. Their gains surpassed the gains made by the children who did not receive occupational therapy services, suggesting that fine motor performance improves with intervention.
Mild hypothermia after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Hypothermia improves outcome in resuscitated patients and newborns with hypoxic brain injury. We studied the safety and feasibility of mild hypothermia in awake patients with stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.


METHODS
Patients were randomized 1:1 to mild hypothermia (35°C) or to standard stroke unit care within 6 hours of symptom onset. Hypothermia was induced with a surface-cooling device and cold saline infusions. Active cooling was restrained gradually after 12 hours at <35.5°C. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients with <36°C body temperature for >80% of the 12-hour cooling period.


RESULTS
We included 36 patients with a median of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 9 one hour after thrombolysis. Fifteen of 18 (83%) patients achieved the primary end point. Sixteen (89%) patients reached <35.5°C in a median time of 10 hours (range, 7-16 hours) from symptom onset, spent 10.5 hours (1-17 hours) in hypothermia, and were back to normothermia in 23 hours (15-29 hours). Few serious adverse events were more common in the hypothermia group. At 3 months, 7 patients (39%) in both groups had good outcome (modified Ranking Scale, 0-2), whereas poor outcome (modified Ranking Scale, 4-6) was twice as common in the normothermia group (44% versus 22%).


CONCLUSIONS
Mild hypothermia with a surface-cooling device in an acute stroke unit is safe and feasible in thrombolyzed, spontaneously breathing patients with stroke, despite the adverse events.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00987922.
AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF ACADEMICS IN MALAYSIA : SOCIAL EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE

The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationships between perceived organizational support (POS), felt obligation, affective organizational commitment and turnover intention of academicians working for private higher educational institutions in Malaysia. This paper is driven theoretically by the social exchange theory, the concept of perceived organizational support (POS) which is the commitment of the organization to the employee, the norm of reciprocity, the organizational support theory as well as the other relevant literature in the human resource management and organizational behaviour research. This paper contributes to the limited body of knowledge about the psychological processes underlying the formation of organizational commitment through the perspectives of the social exchange theory (Blau, 1964) and the organizational support theory (Eisenberger, et al., 1986; Eisenberger et al., 2001).
Early detection by diffusion-weighted sequence magnetic resonance imaging of severe brain lesions after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
Monochorionic twins treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC) for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Our aim was to evaluate the additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) over fetal sonography and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of acute ischemic cerebral lesions shortly following FLC.


METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study of fetuses with TTTS treated by FLC. All fetuses underwent brain DWI and T2-MRI within 24-96 h after the procedure and a follow-up MRI at 30-32 weeks' gestation. All fetuses also had frequent ultrasound evaluation until delivery.


RESULTS
Thirty pregnancies with TTTS were included in the study. Eight resulted in survival of only one twin after the procedure (Group A), while the other 22 pregnancies resulted in the survival of both twins (Group B), as assessed at the time of initial MRI. Two fetuses in Group A and four in Group B had evidence of transient bleeding in the germinal matrix. Three fetuses in Group B and none in Group A had diffuse ischemic changes in the white matter. One fetus died in utero 24 h after MRI. The other two fetuses in Group B demonstrated an acute infarct 24-48 h after the procedure. Subsequent scans at 28-29 and 32 weeks showed brain atrophy compatible with an old infarct.


CONCLUSIONS
DWI can demonstrate cerebral damage immediately after FLC. Larger cohorts are needed to determine the role of fetal MRI in the prenatal assessment and follow-up of patients with TTTS.