LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Almost-Linear-Time Algorithm for Approximate Max Flow in Undirected Graphs, and its Multicommodity Generalizations

In this paper, we introduce a new framework for approximately solving flow problems in capacitated, undirected graphs and apply it to provide asymptotically faster algorithms for the maximum s-t flow and maximum concurrent multicommodity flow problems. For graphs with n vertices and m edges, it allows us to find an ε-approximate maximum s-t flow in time O(m1+o(1)ε−2), improving on the previous best bound of Õ(mn1/3poly(ε−1)). Applying the same framework in the multicommodity setting solves a maximum concurrent multicommodity flow problem with k commodities in O(m1+o(1)ε−2k2) time, improving on the existing bound of Õ(mpoly(k, ε−1)). Our algorithms utilize several new technical tools that we believe may be of independent interest: • We give a non-Euclidean generalization of gradient descent and provide bounds on its performance. Using this, we show how to reduce approximate maximum flow and maximum concurrent flow to oblivious routing. • We define and provide an efficient construction of a new type of flow sparsifier. Previous sparsifier constructions approximately preserved the size of cuts and, by duality, the value of the maximum flows as well. However, they did not provide any direct way to route flows in the sparsifier G′ back in the original graph G, leading to a longstanding gap between the efficacy of sparsification on flow and cut problems. We ameliorate this by constructing a sparsifier G′ that can be embedded (very efficiently) into G with low congestion, allowing one to transfer flows from G′ back to G. • We give the first almost-linear-time construction of an O(m)-competitive oblivious routing scheme. No previous such algorithm ran in time better than Ω̃(mn). By reducing the running time to almost-linear, our work provides a powerful new primitive for constructing very fast graph algorithms. The interested reader is referred to the full version of the paper [8] for a more complete treatment of these results. ∗This work was partially supported by NSF awards 0843915 and 1111109, NSF award 1319460, a Sloan Fellowship, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. 1122374) and Hong Kong RGC grant 2150701. †Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ‡Massachusetts Institute of Technology §Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ¶Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Learning Statistical Scripts with LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks

Scripts encode knowledge of prototypical sequences of events. We describe a Recurrent Neural Network model for statistical script learning using Long Short-Term Memory, an architecture which has been demonstrated to work well on a range of Artificial Intelligence tasks. We evaluate our system on two tasks, inferring held-out events from text and inferring novel events from text, substantially outperforming prior approaches on both tasks.
Managing Outsourcing: The Life Cycle Imperative

Outsourcing, whether of IT or business processes, onshore or offshore, continues to raise expectations and pose challenges for private and public sector organizations alike. Time and again, we found even experienced organizations running into massive problems, suffering from slow organizational learning, and working in a reactive rather than an anticipatory mode. The results are troubling. Here are some recent examples:
Bendamustine combined with rituximab in patients with relapsed and/or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multicenter phase II trial of the German Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group.

PURPOSE
The objective of this trial was to evaluate safety and efficacy of bendamustine combined with rituximab (BR) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy-eight patients, including 22 patients with fludarabine-refractory disease (28.2%) and 14 patients (17.9%) with deletion of 17p, received BR chemoimmunotherapy. Bendamustine was administered at a dose of 70 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2 combined with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) on day 0 of the first course and 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 during subsequent courses for up to six courses.


RESULTS
On the basis of intent-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 59.0% (95% CI, 47.3% to 70.0%). Complete response, partial response, and nodular partial response were achieved in 9.0%, 47.4%, and 2.6% of patients, respectively. Overall response rate was 45.5% in fludarabine-refractory patients and 60.5% in fludarabine-sensitive patients. Among genetic subgroups, 92.3% of patients with del(11q), 100% with trisomy 12, 7.1% with del(17p), and 58.7% with unmutated IGHV status responded to treatment. After a median follow-up time of 24 months, the median event-free survival was 14.7 months. Severe infections occurred in 12.8% of patients. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were documented in 23.1%, 28.2%, and 16.6% of patients, respectively.


CONCLUSION
Chemoimmunotherapy with BR is effective and safe in patients with relapsed CLL and has notable activity in fludarabine-refractory disease. Major but tolerable toxicities were myelosuppression and infections. These promising results encouraged us to initiate a further phase II trial evaluating the BR regimen in patients with previously untreated CLL.
An Improved Hardware Implementation of the Grain Stream Cipher

A common approach to protect confidential information is to use a stream cipher which combines plain text bits with apseudo-random bit sequence. Among the existing stream ciphers, Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR)-based ones provide the best trade-off between cryptographic security and hardware efficiency. In this paper, we show how to further improve the hardware efficiency of the Grain stream cipher. By transforming the NLFSR of Grain from its original Fibonacci configuration to the Galois configuration and by introducing new hardware solutions, we double the throughput of the 80 and 128-bit key 1 bit/cycle architectures of Grain with no area and power penalty.
BCILAB: a platform for brain-computer interface development.

OBJECTIVE
The past two decades have seen dramatic progress in our ability to model brain signals recorded by electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, etc., and to derive real-time estimates of user cognitive state, response, or intent for a variety of purposes: to restore communication by the severely disabled, to effect brain-actuated control and, more recently, to augment human-computer interaction. Continuing these advances, largely achieved through increases in computational power and methods, requires software tools to streamline the creation, testing, evaluation and deployment of new data analysis methods.


APPROACH
Here we present BCILAB, an open-source MATLAB-based toolbox built to address the need for the development and testing of brain-computer interface (BCI) methods by providing an organized collection of over 100 pre-implemented methods and method variants, an easily extensible framework for the rapid prototyping of new methods, and a highly automated framework for systematic testing and evaluation of new implementations.


MAIN RESULTS
To validate and illustrate the use of the framework, we present two sample analyses of publicly available data sets from recent BCI competitions and from a rapid serial visual presentation task. We demonstrate the straightforward use of BCILAB to obtain results compatible with the current BCI literature.


SIGNIFICANCE
The aim of the BCILAB toolbox is to provide the BCI community a powerful toolkit for methods research and evaluation, thereby helping to accelerate the pace of innovation in the field, while complementing the existing spectrum of tools for real-time BCI experimentation, deployment and use.
Orthostatic intolerance predicts mild cognitive impairment: incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia from the Swedish general population cohort Good Aging in Skåne

INTRODUCTION
Contradictory results have been reported on the relationship between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).


OBJECTIVE
To study the incidence of MCI and dementia and their relationship to OH and subclinical OH with orthostatic symptoms (orthostatic intolerance).


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
This study used a prospective general population cohort design and was based on data from the Swedish Good Aging in Skåne study (GÅS-SNAC), they were studied 6 years after baseline of the present study, with the same study protocol at baseline and at follow-up. The study sample comprised 1,480 randomly invited subjects aged 60 to 93 years, and had a participation rate of 82% at follow-up. OH test included assessment of blood pressure and symptoms of OH.


RESULTS
The 6-year incidence of MCI was 8%, increasing from 12.1 to 40.5 per 1,000 person-years for men and 6.9 to 16.9 per 1,000 person-years for women aged 60 to >80 years. The corresponding 6-year incidence of dementia was 8%. Orthostatic intolerance during uprising was related to risk for MCI at follow-up (odds ratio [OR] =1.84 [1.20-2.80][95% CI]), adjusted for age and education independently of blood pressure during testing. After stratification for hypertension (HT), the corresponding age-adjusted OR for MCI in the non-HT group was 1.71 (1.10-2.31) and 1.76 (1.11-2.13) in the HT group. Among controls, the proportion of those with OH was 16%; those with MCI 24%; and those with dementia 31% (age-adjusted OR 1.93 [1.19-3.14]).


CONCLUSION
Not only OH, but also symptoms of OH, seem to be a risk factor for cognitive decline and should be considered in the management of blood pressure among the elderly population.
Randomised controlled trial of behavioural infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep and maternal mood.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of a behavioural sleep intervention with written information about normal sleep on infant sleep problems and maternal depression.


DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
Well child clinics, Melbourne, Australia.


PARTICIPANTS
156 mothers of infants aged 6-12 months with severe sleep problems according to the parents.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Maternal report of infant sleep problem; scores on Edinburgh postnatal depression scale at two and four months.


INTERVENTION
Discussion on behavioural infant sleep intervention (controlled crying) delivered over three consultations.


RESULTS
At two months more sleep problems had resolved in the intervention group than in the control group (53/76 v 36/76, P=0.005). Overall depression scores fell further in the intervention group than in the control group (mean change -3.7, 95% confidence interval -4.7 to -2.7, v -2.5, -1.7 to -3.4, P=0.06). For the subgroup of mothers with depression scores of 10 and over more sleep problems had resolved in the intervention group than in the control group (26/33 v 13/33, P=0.001). In this subgroup depression scores also fell further for intervention mothers than control mothers at two months (-6.0, -7.5 to -4.0, v -3.7, -4.9 to -2.6, P=0.01) and at four months (-6.5, -7.9 to 5.1 v -4.2, -5.9 to -2.5, P=0.04). By four months, changes in sleep problems and depression scores were similar.


CONCLUSIONS
Behavioural intervention significantly reduces infant sleep problems at two but not four months. Maternal report of symptoms of depression decreased significantly at two months, and this was sustained at four months for mothers with high depression scores.
Mobile Phone Apps to Improve Medication Adherence: A Systematic Stepwise Process to Identify High-Quality Apps

BACKGROUND
There are a growing number of mobile phone apps available to support people in taking their medications and to improve medication adherence. However, little is known about how these apps differ in terms of features, quality, and effectiveness.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to systematically review the medication reminder apps available in the Australian iTunes store and Google Play to assess their features and their quality in order to identify high-quality apps.


METHODS
This review was conducted in a similar manner to a systematic review by using a stepwise approach that included (1) a search strategy; (2) eligibility assessment; (3) app selection process through an initial screening of all retrieved apps and full app review of the included apps; (4) data extraction using a predefined set of features considered important or desirable in medication reminder apps; (5) analysis by classifying the apps as basic and advanced medication reminder apps and scoring and ranking them; and (6) a quality assessment by using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), a reliable tool to assess mobile health apps.


RESULTS
We identified 272 medication reminder apps, of which 152 were found only in Google Play, 87 only in iTunes, and 33 in both app stores. Apps found in Google Play had more customer reviews, higher star ratings, and lower cost compared with apps in iTunes. Only 109 apps were available for free and 124 were recently updated in 2015 or 2016. Overall, the median number of features per app was 3.0 (interquartile range 4.0) and only 18 apps had ≥9 of the 17 desirable features. The most common features were flexible scheduling that was present in 56.3% (153/272) of the included apps, medication tracking history in 54.8% (149/272), snooze option in 34.9% (95/272), and visual aids in 32.4% (88/272). We classified 54.8% (149/272) of the included apps as advanced medication reminder apps and 45.2% (123/272) as basic medication reminder apps. The advanced apps had a higher number of features per app compared with the basic apps. Using the MARS instrument, we were able to identify high-quality apps that were rated as being very interesting and entertaining, highly interactive and customizable, intuitive, and easy to use and to navigate as well as having a high level of visual appeal and good-quality information.


CONCLUSIONS
Many medication reminder apps are available in the app stores; however, the majority of them did not have many of the desirable features and were, therefore, considered low quality. Through a systematic stepwise process, we were able to identify high-quality apps to be tested in a future study that will provide evidence on the use of medication reminder apps to improve medication adherence.
Tissue persistence of parvovirus B19 genotypes in asymptomatic persons.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can persist in immunocompetent symptomatic and non-symptomatic individuals, as demonstrated by the finding of viral DNA in different tissues, in absence of viremia and of anti-B19V IgM. The spread and the nature of this phenomenon have not been clearly determined. In order to investigate the frequency of persistence and the tissue distribution of the three genotypes of B19V, the viral load of the persistent virus and its expression in the affected tissues, 139 tissue samples and 102 sera from 139 asymptomatic individuals have been analyzed by consensus PCRs and genotype specific PCRs for B19V detection and genotyping. Viral load was measured by real time PCR and viral mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR. Altogether, 51% individuals carried B19V DNA, more frequently in solid tissues (65%) than in bone marrow (20%). Genotype 1 was found in 28% tissue samples, genotype 2 in 68% and genotype 3 in 3% only. Viral load ranged from less then 10 copies to 7 x 10(4) copies per 10(6) cells, with the exception of two samples of myocardium with about 10(6) copies per 10(6) cells. mRNA of capsid proteins was present in two bone marrow samples only. In conclusion, in asymptomatic individuals B19V persistence is more common in solid tissues than in bone marrow, and genotype 2 persists more frequently than genotype 1. The results suggest that the virus persists without replicating, at sub-immunogenic levels.
Portfolio Construction: Using Bootstrapping and Portfolio Weight Resampling for Construction of Diversified Portfolios

In this paper we introduce a framework for constructing portfolios, addressing two of the major problems of classical mean-variance optimization in practice: Low diversification and sensitivity to information ambiguity. In order to address these issues, we incorporate a prior regarding investors preferences as well as using a bootstrapping method to incorporate the effects of input parameter variation.
Exploring Critical Determinants in Deploying Mobile Commerce Technology

Problem statement: The research’s problem lies in the fact that deploy ing m-commerce technology in Jordan represent the first serious tr ail to understand and explore the critical determin ants that affect deploying mobile commerce technology. Approach: This research applied TAM model using the following variables: Perceived trust, per ceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social an d cultural values and economic issues to explore dete rminants. Results: The result of the distributed 210 questionnaires to mobile commerce users in Amman St ock Exchange (Brokers and Investors) and 179 were returned correct and studied, reveal that perc eived trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease o f use, social and cultural values have significant as sociation with intention to deploy mobile commerce technology while economical issue is not significan t. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that TAM have capability in exploring critical dete rminants that affecting the intention to deploy mobile commerce technology in Jordanian marketplace , therefore, further studies are recommended to explore the critical determinants of deploying mobi le commerce technology in other economic sectors. Key word: Technology acceptance models, mobile commerce infor mation and communication technology
E-swish: Adjusting Activations to Different Network Depths

Activation functions have a notorious impact on neural networks on both training and testing the models against the desired problem. Currently, the most used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). This paper introduces a new and novel activation function, closely related with the new activation Swish = x ∗ sigmoid(x) (Ramachandran et al., 2017) [14] which generalizes it. We call the new activation E − swish = βx ∗ sigmoid(x). We show that E-swish outperforms many other well-known activations including both ReLU and Swish. For example, using E-swish provided 1.5% and 4.6% accuracy improvements on Cifar10 and Cifar100 respectively for the WRN 102 when compared to ReLU and 0.35% and 0.6% respectively when compared to Swish. The code to reproduce all our experiments can be found at https: //github.com/EricAlcaide/E-swish
National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis

BACKGROUND
Stillbirths do not count in routine worldwide data-collating systems or for the Millennium Development Goals. Two sets of national stillbirth estimates for 2000 produced similar worldwide totals of 3·2 million and 3·3 million, but rates differed substantially for some countries. We aimed to develop more reliable estimates and a time series from 1995 for 193 countries, by increasing input data, using recent data, and applying improved modelling approaches.


METHODS
For international comparison, stillbirth is defined as fetal death in the third trimester (≥1000 g birthweight or ≥28 completed weeks of gestation). Several sources of stillbirth data were identified and assessed against prespecified inclusion criteria: vital registration data; nationally representative surveys; and published studies identified through systematic literature searches, unpublished studies, and national data identified through a WHO country consultation process. For 2009, reported rates were used for 33 countries and model-based estimates for 160 countries. A regression model of log stillbirth rate was developed and used to predict national stillbirth rates from 1995 to 2009. Uncertainty ranges were obtained with a bootstrap approach. The final model included log(neonatal mortality rate) (cubic spline), log(low birthweight rate) (cubic spline), log(gross national income purchasing power parity) (cubic spline), region, type of data source, and definition of stillbirth.


FINDINGS
Vital registration data from 79 countries, 69 nationally representative surveys from 39 countries, and 113 studies from 42 countries met inclusion criteria. The estimated number of global stillbirths was 2·64 million (uncertainty range 2·14 million to 3·82 million) in 2009 compared with 3·03 million (uncertainty range 2·37 million to 4·19 million) in 1995. Worldwide stillbirth rate has declined by 14·5%, from 22·1 stillbirths per 1000 births in 1995 to 18·9 stillbirths per 1000 births in 2009. In 2009, 76·2% of stillbirths occurred in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.


INTERPRETATION
This study draws attention to the dearth of reliable data in regions where most stillbirths occur. The estimated trend in stillbirth rate reduction is slower than that for maternal mortality and lags behind the increasing progress in reducing deaths in children younger than 5 years. Improved data and improved use of data are crucial to ensure that stillbirths count in global and national policy.


FUNDING
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, and the International Stillbirth Alliance. The Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, through the UN Development Programme, UN Population Fund, WHO, and World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction.
Bulk-filling of high C-factor posterior cavities: effect on adhesion to cavity-bottom dentin.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of bulk-filling high C-factor posterior cavities on adhesion to cavity-bottom dentin.


METHODS
A universal flowable composite (G-ænial Universal Flo, GC), a bulk-fill flowable base composite (SDR Posterior Bulk Fill Flowable Base, Dentsply) and a conventional paste-like composite (Z100, 3M ESPE) were bonded (G-ænial Bond, GC) into standardized cavities with different cavity configurations (C-factors), namely C=3.86 (Class-I cavity of 2.5mm deep, bulk-filled), C=5.57 (Class-I cavity of 4mm deep, bulk-filled), C=1.95 (Class-I cavity of 2.5mm deep, filled in three equal layers) and C=0.26 (flat surface). After one-week water storage, the restorations were sectioned in 4 rectangular micro-specimens and subjected to a micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) test.


RESULTS
Highly significant differences were found between pairs of means of the experimental groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.0001). Using the bulk-fill flowable base composite SDR (Dentsply), no significant differences in μTBS were measured among all cavity configurations (p>0.05). Using the universal flowable composite G-ænial Universal Flo (GC) and the conventional paste-like composite Z100 (3M ESPE), the μTBS to cavity-bottom dentin was not significantly different from that of SDR (Dentsply) when the cavities were layer-filled or the flat surface was build up in layers; it was however significantly lower when the Class-I cavities were filled in bulk, irrespective of cavity depth.


SIGNIFICANCE
The filling technique and composite type may have a great impact on the adhesion of the composite, in particular in high C-factor cavities. While the bulk-fill flowable base composite provided satisfactory bond strengths regardless of filling technique and cavity depth, adhesion failed when conventional composites were used in bulk.