LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Trends in Green Wireless Access Networks

Reducing CO2 emissions is an important global environmental issue. Over the recent years, wireless and mobile communications have increasingly become popular with consumers. Today's typical wireless access network consumes more than 50% of the total power consumption of mobile communications networks. Growth of mobile Internet service usage is expected to drive the growth in wireless access data rates and usage. The current rate of power consumption per unit of data cannot be sustained as we move towards broadband wireless access networks and anticipated increases in wireless data traffic. This paper, first, examines typical energy consumption in mobile communications networks and traffic trends, and it subsequently discusses target power consumption reduction for the evolving broadband wireless networks to be environmentally acceptable and sustainable. It describes several technologies that can contribute towards reaching this target.
Long-Term Results of Percutaneous Treatment of Hydatid Liver Cysts: a Single Center 17 Years Experience

Liver cystic echinococcosis is considered a relatively benign disease, nevertheless, treatment is mandatory in symptomatic cysts and recommended in active cysts because of the risk of severe complications. Surgery is still considered the gold standard treatment. In the last two decades percutaneous injection of scolicidal agents has been developed with excellent results in terms of disappearance of the cyst, very low side effects and low mortality rate. One hundred sixty eight patients with 225 liver cysts were studied. A total of 108 patients with 151 viable hydatid liver cysts underwent Double Percutaneous Aspiration and Injection of alcohol of the cyst without re-aspiration of the ethanol, which remained in situ. The mortality rate was 0.9% (1 patient), the overall morbidity was 8.6% with only 2.5% of major side effects. The mean hospital stay was very short (2.9 days). Follow-up ranged from 14 to 204 months (median 48 months). Ultrasonography showed complete disappearance of the cyst with reconstitution of liver parenchyma in 109 out of 225 (48.4%) cysts; in the remaining cysts a solid or a liquid findings were observed in 104 (46.2%) and 12 (5.3%), respectively, with a decreased volume of 50–80%. These data show that Double Percutaneous Aspiration and Injection of alcohol for hydatid liver cysts can achieve comparable results to open surgery. The low incidence of side effects shows that this technique is safe and cost effective, compared to radical or conservative surgery.
Power to the people: end-user building of digital library collections

Naturally, digital library systems focus principally on the reader: th e consumer of the material that constitutes the library. In contrast, this paper describes an interface that makes it easy for people to build their own library collections. Collections may be built and served locally from the user's own web server, or (given appropriate permissions) remotely on a shared digital library host. End users can easily build new collections styled after existing ones from material on the Web or from their local files-or both, and collections can be updated and new ones brought on-line at any time. The interface, which is intended for non-professional end users, is modeled after widely used commercial software installation packages. Lest one quail at the prospect of end users building their own collections on a shared system, we also describe an interface for the administrative user who is responsible for maintaining a digital library installation.
Effect of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in the lipoprotein(a) concentration with regard to baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration and LPA genotype.

BACKGROUND
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein in which apolipoproteinB-100 is linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Significant variation in Lp(a) concentration is specific to LPA gene, which codes for apo(a). Nicotinic acid (NA) is used for treatment of dyslipidemias, and the lowering effect of NA on Lp(a) has been previously reported.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the Lp(a) lowering effect of 1g/20mg and 2g/40mgday of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in subjects with different baseline Lp(a) concentrations and depending on the LPA genotype.


METHODS
In an open-label, 10-week study, 1g/20mgday of NA/Laropiprant for 4weeks followed by 6weeks of 2g/40mgday conducted at 3 centers in Spain, 82 subjects were enrolled. Patients were studied at baseline and at the end of both treatment periods and were enrolled in three groups: normal Lp(a) (<50mg/dL), high Lp(a) (50-120mg/dL) and very high Lp(a) (>120mg/dL). The LPA genetic polymorphism was analyzed by a real-time PCR.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference in LPA genotypes among Lp(a) concentration groups and an inverse and significant correlation between baseline Lp(a) concentration and LPA genotype was found (R=-0.372, p<0.001). There were a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apo B and Lp(a), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol after NA/Laropiprant treatment, without changes in BMI. However, there were no statistical differences in percentage variation of analyzed variables depending on LPA genotype.


CONCLUSION
LPA genotype is a major determinant of Lp(a) baseline concentration. However, the lipid lowering effect of NA is not related to LPA genotype.
Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity.

This study provided a comprehensive examination of the full range of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership. Results (based on 626 correlations from 87 sources) revealed an overall validity of .44 for transformational leadership, and this validity generalized over longitudinal and multisource designs. Contingent reward (.39) and laissez-faire (-.37) leadership had the next highest overall relations; management by exception (active and passive) was inconsistently related to the criteria. Surprisingly, there were several criteria for which contingent reward leadership had stronger relations than did transformational leadership. Furthermore, transformational leadership was strongly correlated with contingent reward (.80) and laissez-faire (-.65) leadership. Transformational and contingent reward leadership generally predicted criteria controlling for the other leadership dimensions, although transformational leadership failed to predict leader job performance.
Digitally signed document sanitizing scheme based on bilinear maps

A digital signature does not allow any alteration of the document to which it is attached. Appropriate alteration of some signed documents, however, should be allowed because there are security requirements other than the integrity of the document. In the disclosure of official information, for example, sensitive information such as personal information or national secrets is masked when an official document is sanitized so that its nonsensitive information can be disclosed when it is requested by a citizen. If this disclosure is done digitally by using the current digital signature schemes, the citizen cannot verify the disclosed information because it has been altered to prevent the leakage of sensitive information. The confidentiality of official information is thus incompatible with the integrity of that information, and this is called the digital document sanitizing problem. Conventional solutions such as content extraction signatures and digitally signed document sanitizing schemes with disclosure condition control can either let the sanitizer assign disclosure conditions or hide the number of sanitized portions. The digitally signed document sanitizing scheme we propose here is based on the aggregate signature derived from bilinear maps and can do both.
Anatomy of a Failed Knowledge Management Initiative: Lessons from PharmaCorp's Experiences

On a sunny morning in July 1999, Samuel Parsons, Head of Knowledge Management at PharmaCorp, convened his regular Monday team meeting. He looked stressed. After dealing with a couple of administrative issues he said: ‘Last Friday evening I was informed that Wilco Smith, Head of Pharma Global Order Handling Services, no longer wants knowledge management. His only question now is how to off-board the knowledge management staff.’ Thus came to an end a three-year initiative that at the outset was considered to be ‘the knowledge management showcase for the firm’. This paper is for managers who have an interest in operationalizing knowledge and want to avoid the traps others have fallen into. It examines the case of PharmaCorp, a global organization and one of the largest in its industry. The case provides managers with five key lessons. First, manage knowledge interdependencies across communities of practice; second, contextualize knowledge within natural groups of activities; third, avoid an over-emphasis on explicit knowledge; fourth, let knowledge management recipients determine tacit and explicit knowledge; and fifth, manage the input from external consultants. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voice User Interface Design Patterns

We present in this paper a set of design patterns we have mined in the area of Voice User Interfaces (VUI). In a previous paper [14], we introduced several patterns regarding fundamental issues of developing a voice application. In this paper we explore further aspects concerning the internal structure of an audio interface, the construction of the interaction style, the system response architecture, and implementation strategies to meet the demands of real world scenarios.
Using Social Class in Counseling Psychology Research.

Social class is an important cultural construct, but it is poorly used in research. Problems in using social class may be associated with its poor definition in previous studies; conflating between social class and socioeconomic status; using objective indices such as income, education, and occupati
Sharing Ephemeral Information in Online Social Networks: Privacy Perceptions and Behaviours

This paper presents a study where the online Facebook practices of a sample of users (n=103) was analysed over a period of two years, via the scraping of data in Facebook and the collection of questionnaire data. The data allows for a contrast between implicit and explicit attitudes regarding Facebook and online sharing. Our analysis reveals that while overall privacy concerns are not reflected in posting behaviour, awareness and familiarity with privacy controls is. This is supported by contrasting users’ attitudes regarding day-today sharing against actual behaviour on Facebook. We theorise that there exists a failure in translating users’ privacy needs into a social-technical environment such as social networking sites. This work demonstrates how aspects such as demographics and usage influence and shape users’ behaviour and practices towards privacy. We therefore argue that the factorization of these aspects may augment the translation of users’ privacy needs and improve the design of privacy sensitive mechanisms for day-to-day information sharing.
The correlation between EBV viral load in the palatine tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis and concurrent serum titers of VCA–IgG

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection usually occurs in early childhood and can persist in palatine tonsil lymphocytes to induce tonsillitis at a later date. We have examined the presence of EBV in palatine tonsils and relationship between EBV-DNA quantity in tonsil tissues and VCA–IgG quantity in autologous sera. Tonsils were obtained from 36 patients, male 20 (55.6%), female 16 (44.4%) (mean age 7.96 ± 6.97 years), who underwent tonsils removal because of recurrent tonsillitis. Tissues were processed for real-time PCR and patient’s sera were assayed to determine VCA–IgG by VCA–IgG ELISA. In 27 out of 36 cases (75%), positive EBV-DNA reaction was found. However, statistical analysis showed no correlation between EBV-DNA quantity and VCA–IgG quantity. We conclude that tonsils of children can be colonized by EBV and that virus may have a direct and indirect role in recurrent tonsillitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
On industrial techniques and information technology control classrooms

The aim of the paper is to describe some of our courses, activities and experiences at the Slovak University of Technology in teaching of industrial techniques and information technologies included in open control platforms of industrial controllers, PLC and DCS and in including of new theoretical methods of model-based control and failure diagnosis in the laboratory projects of our master students.
Head Movement Based Assist System for Physically Challenged

An automated system was developed to control the motor rotation of a wheelchair based on the head movement of a person affected by Quadriplegia. People who are affected by this disease cannot move any of their body parts except their head. In order to facilitate these people for their independent movement, an accelerometer device is fixed on the forehead. Based on the head movement the accelerometer drives the motor connected to the wheel chair in any of the four directions. The automated wheelchair is based on simple electronic control system and the mechanical arrangement that is controlled by a Programmable Interface Controller. The vehicle can be driven at a normal speed. This device also helps people who have various other disabilities to sit on the chair and just hold the accelerometer and move it over to control the vehicle movements.
Splicing image forgery detection based on DCT and Local Binary Pattern

The authenticity of a digital image suffers from severe threats due to the rise of powerful digital image editing tools that easily alter the image contents without leaving any visible traces of such changes. In this paper, a novel passive splicing image forgery detection scheme based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is proposed. First, the chrominance component of the input image is divided into overlapping blocks. Then, for each block, LBP is calculated and transformed into frequency domain using 2D DCT. Finally, standard deviations are calculated of respective frequency coefficients of all blocks and they are used as features. For classification, a support vector machine (SVM) is used. Experimental results on benchmark splicing image forgery databases show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is up to 97%, which is the best accuracy so far.
Clinical use of dornase alpha is associated with a slower rate of FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES
Randomized controlled trials of dornase alpha have shown forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1) ) to improve in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) but have not assessed change in the rate of lung function decline. We assessed the relationship of dornase alpha use and FEV(1) decline using the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF).


METHODOLOGY
Patients aged 8-38 years who had been enrolled in ESCF for 2 years when initially treated with dornase alpha were selected if they remained on treatment during the following 2 years. A comparator group included patients aged 8-38 who were not yet reported to have received dornase alpha. For each patient we estimated the annual rate of decline in FEV(1) % predicted before and after the index using a mixed-effects model adjusted for age, gender, pulmonary exacerbations, respiratory therapies, and nutritional supplements.


RESULTS
The dornase alpha group (n = 2,230) had a lower FEV(1) % predicted at index and a more rapid decline during the pre-index period. The mean rate of FEV(1) decline improved for the dornase alpha group; the improvement was similar in adults and children 8-17 years old but was not statistically significant in adults. The comparator group (n = 5,970) showed no change among adults and an increased rate of decline among children 8-17 years old.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of dornase alpha for a 2-year period is associated with a reduction in the rate of FEV(1) decline. These results also demonstrate the value of using an observational study to assess the association of instituting new therapies in the clinical setting with changes in the rate of FEV(1) decline in patients with CF.
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM WITH ANN CONTROLLER

This paper presents the GRC & AGC techniques which are useful for the study for the methods of artificial intelligence for the automatic generation control of interconnected power systems. In the given paper, a control line of track is established for interconnected three area power system using generation rate constraints (GRC) &Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN controller is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK technique. The waveforms of both (i.e. with & without) controllers are compared with 1% step load conditions.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.

CONTEXT
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Survival rates and life expectancy.


RESULTS
There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.


CONCLUSION
In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
Laser assisted drug delivery: a review of an evolving technology.

BACKGROUND
Topically applied drugs have a relatively low cutaneous bioavailability.


OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the existing applications of laser assisted drug delivery, a means by which the permeation of topically applied agents can be enhanced into the skin.


RESULTS
The existing literature suggests that lasers are a safe and effective means of enhancing the delivery of topically applied agents through the skin. The types of lasers most commonly studied in regards to drug delivery are the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) lasers. Both conventional ablative and fractional ablative modalities have been utilized and are summarized herein.


LIMITATIONS
The majority of the existing studies on laser assisted drug delivery have been performed on animal models and additional human studies are needed.


CONCLUSIONS
Laser assisted drug delivery is an evolving technology with potentially broad clinical applications. Multiple studies demonstrate that laser pretreatment of the skin can increase the permeability and depth of penetration of topically applied drug molecules for both local cutaneous and systemic applications.
Fit-for-Purpose Method Development and Validation for Successful Biomarker Measurement

Despite major advances in modern drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals has not kept pace with the increased cost of their development. Increasingly, innovative uses of biomarkers are employed in an attempt to speed new drugs to market. Still, widespread adoption of biomarkers is impeded by limited experience interpreting biomarker data and an unclear regulatory climate. Key differences preclude the direct application of existing validation paradigms for drug analysis to biomarker research. Following the AAPS 2003 Biomarker Workshop (J. W. Lee, R. S. Weiner, J. M. Sailstad, et al. Method validation and measurement of biomarkers in nonclinical and clinical samples in drug development. A conference report. Pharm Res 22:499–511, 2005), these and other critical issues were addressed. A practical, iterative, “fit-for-purpose” approach to biomarker method development and validation is proposed, keeping in mind the intended use of the data and the attendant regulatory requirements associated with that use. Sample analysis within this context of fit-for-purpose method development and validation are well suited for successful biomarker implementation, allowing increased use of biomarkers in drug development.
Sequential row-column independent component analysis for face recognition

This paper presents a novel subspace method called sequential row–column independent component analysis (RC-ICA) for face recognition. Unlike the traditional ICA, in which the face image is transformed into a vector before calculating the independent components (ICs), RC-ICA consists of two sequential stages—an image row-ICA followed by a column-ICA. There is no image-to-vector transformation in vectors. RC-ICA can reduce the face recognition error caused by the dilemma in traditional ICA, i.e. the number of available training samples is greatly less than that of the dimension of training vector. Another advantage of RC-ICA over traditional ICA is that the dimensionality of the recognition subspace is much smaller, which means that the face image can have a more condensed representation. Extensive experiments are performed on the well-known Yale-B, AR and FERET databases to validate the proposed method and the experimental results show that the RC-ICA achieves higher recognition accuracy than ICA and other existing subspace methods while using a subspace of smaller dimensionality. & 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Reduced Adipose Tissue Oxygenation in Human Obesity-Evidence for Rarefaction , Macrophage Chemotaxis and Inflammation without an Angiogenic Response

Objective: Based on rodent studies, we examined the hypothesis that increased adipose tissue mass in obesity without an adequate support of vascularization might lead to hypoxia, macrophage infiltration and inflammation. Research Design and Methods: Oxygen partial pressure [AT pO2] and temperature [AT temperature] in abdominal adipose tissue [9 lean, 12 overweight/obese men and women] was measured by direct insertion of a polarographic Clark electrode. Body composition was measured by DEXA, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Abdominal subcutaneous tissue was used for staining, qRT-PCR and chemokine secretion assay. Results: AT pO2 was lower in overweight/obese as compared to lean [47 + 10.6 vs. 55 + 9.1 mm Hg], however this level of pO2 did not activate the classic hypoxia targets [PDK1, VEGF]. AT pO2 was negatively correlated with % fat [R=-0.50, p<0.05]. Compared to lean, overweight/obese subjects had 44% lower capillary density and 58% lower Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor [VEGF] suggesting adipose tissue rarefaction [capillary dropout]. This might be due to lower PPARγ1 and higher collagenVI mRNA expression, which correlated with AT pO2 [p<0.05]. Of clinical importance, AT pO2 negatively correlated with CD68 mRNA and MIP1α secretion [R=-0.58, R=-0.79, p<0.05], suggesting that lower AT pO2 could drive AT inflammation in obesity. Conclusions: Adipose tissue rarefaction might lie upstream of both low AT pO2 and inflammation in obesity. These results suggest novel approaches to treat the dysfunctional adipose tissue found in obesity.