LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ivermectin versus benzyl benzoate applied once or twice to treat human scabies in Dakar, Senegal: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of oral ivermectin (IV) and two different modalities of topical benzyl benzoate (BB) for treating scabies in a community setting.


METHODS
The trial included patients aged 5-65 years with scabies who attended the dermatology department at the Institut d'Hygiène Sociale in Dakar, Senegal. The randomized, open trial considered three treatments: a single application of 12.5% BB over 24 hours (BB1 group), two applications of BB, each over 24 hours (BB2 group), and oral IV, 150-200 microg/kg (IV group). The primary endpoint was the disappearance of skin lesions and itching at day 14. If necessary, treatment was repeated and patients were evaluated until cured. Results were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. A pre-planned intermediate analysis was carried out after the BB1, BB2 and IV groups had recruited 68, 48 and 65 patients, respectively.


FINDINGS
At day 14, 33 patients (68.8%) in the BB2 group were cured versus 37 (54.4%) in the BB1 group and 16 (24.6%) in the IV group (P < 10-6). Bacterial superinfection occurred more often in the IV group than in the BB1 and BB2 groups combined (28% versus 7.8%, respectively; P = 0.006). At day 28, 46 patients (95.8%) in the BB2 group were cured versus 52 (76.5%) in the BB1 group and 28 (43.1%) in the IV group (P < 10-5). These clear findings prompted early study cessation.


CONCLUSION
Topical BB was clearly more effective than oral IV for treating scabies in a Senegalese community.
DO INSTITUTIONS MATTER FOR REGIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT? THE CASE OF TURKEY

...........................................................................................................................................i Table of
High energy density regenerative fuel cell systems for terrestrial applications

Regenerative Fuel Cell System (RFCS) technology for energy stora,,e has been a NASA power system concept for many years. Compared to battery-based energy storage systems, RFCS has received relatively little attention or resources for development because the energy density and electrical efficiency were not sufl'icien0y attractive relative to advanced battery systems. Even today. RFCS remains at a very low technology readiness level (TRL of about 2 indicating feasibility has been demonstrated). Commercial development of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells fi)r automobiles and other terrestrial applications and improvements in lightweight pressure vessel design to reduce weight and improve performance make possible a high energy density RFCS energy storage system. The results from this study of a lightweight RFCS energy storage system for a remotely piloted, solar-powered, high altitude aircraft indicate an energy density up to 790 w-h/kg with electrical efficiency of 53.4% is attainable. Such an energy storage system would allow a solar-powered aircraft to carry hundreds of kilograms of payload and remain in flight indefinitely for use in atmospheric research, earth observation, resource mapping, and telecommunications. Future developments in the areas of hydrogen and oxygen storage, pressure vessel design, higher temperature and higher-pressure fuel cell operation, unitized regenerative fuel cells, and commercial development of fuel cell technology will improve both the energy density and electrical efficiency of the RFCS.
Errata for the paper "Predecessor existence problems for finite discrete dynamical systems" [TCS 386 (1-2) (2007) 3-37]

We point out some minor corrections to the proof of Theorem 4.1 in the above paper. As presented, the proof of Theorem 4.1 uses a reduction from a special version of the Planar 3SAT problem (called RP3SAT) in which each clause has exactly three literals, each variable appears in at most three clauses and the factor graph corresponding to the instance is planar. It is incorrect to use a reduction from RP3SAT to prove the hardness of the predecessor existence problems for SDSs and SyDSs on grids since the RP3SAT problem is efficiently solvable even without the planarity restriction, as shown by Tovey [2]. However, the result of Theorem 4.1 can be established by a reduction from a restricted version of Planar 3SAT (henceforth referred to as Pl-B3SAT) in which each clause has two or three literals and each variable appears in at most three clauses. There is a local replacement-based ultra efficient (decision, parsimonious) reduction from 3SAT to Pl-B3SAT [1]. Thus, Pl-B3SAT is NP-complete, #Pl-B3SAT is #P-complete, Unique-Pl-B3SAT is DP -complete and Ambiguous-Pl-B3SAT is NP-complete. In the proof of Theorem 4.1, when the reduction is carried out from Pl-B3SAT, the constructions of the underlying grids for both SDSs and SyDSs remain the same. The only change is that the local transition functions for each node corresponding to a two literal clause should be the 4-simple-threshold function. (For each node corresponding to a three literal clause, the local transition function remains the 3-simple-threshold function, as in the paper.) Because of this change, some minor modifications are also needed for a few sentences in the discussion of the construction. These modifications are indicated below. (The page and line numbers used in the following discussion correspond to the corrected page proofs for the paper.)
Computer-generated Floral Ornament

This paper describes some of the principles of traditional floral ornamental design, and explores ways in which these designs can be created algorithmically. It introduces the idea of “adaptive clip art,” which encapsulates the rules for creating a specific ornamental pattern. Adaptive clip art can be used to generate patterns that are tailored to fit a particularly shaped region of the plane. If the region is resized or reshaped, the ornament can be automatically regenerated to fill this new area in an appropriate way. Our ornamental patterns are created in two steps: first, the geometry of the pattern is generated as a set of two-dimensional curves and filled boundaries; second, this geometry is rendered in any number of styles. We demonstrate our approach with a variety of floral ornamental designs. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation; I.3.4 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Utilities— Picture description languages. Additional
Explicitly representing expected cost: an alternative to ROC representation

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Ranolazine improves endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the effect of ranolazine on endothelial-dependent vasodilatation (EDV), serum markers of endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.


BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be independently associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate whether ranolazine, a novel antianginal medication with no effect on heart rate or blood pressure, improves endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).


METHODS
Twenty-seven patients with stable CAD were randomly assigned to either 1000 mg twice daily of ranolazine or to matching placebo for 6 weeks and then crossed over for an additional 6 weeks in a double-blind design. EDV was assessed using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were also evaluated.


RESULTS
After 6 weeks, treatment with ranolazine significantly increased the EDV RH-PAT index as compared with baseline (1.85+/-0.42 vs. 2.08+/-0.57, P = 0.037). EDV RH-PAT did not change while on placebo (1.69+/-0.35 vs. 1.78+/-0.41, P = 0.29). In addition, there was a significant drop in asymmetric dimethylarginine levels with ranolazine treatment (0.66+/-0.12 vs. 0.60+/-0.11 micromol/l, P = 0.02) and a near significant decrease in C-reactive protein levels (0.40+/-0.80 vs. 0.30+/-0.61 mg/dl, P = 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Ranolazine improves endothelial function, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and C-reactive protein levels in a group of patients with stable CAD. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of action of ranolazine.
Consistent boundary conditions for integrated LES/RANS simulations: LES outflow conditions

Numerical simulations of complex large-scale flow systems must capture a variety of physical phenomena in order to predict the flow accurately. Currently, many flow solvers are specialized to simulate one part of a flow system effectively, but are either inadequate or too expensive to be applied to a generic problem. As an example, the flow through a gas turbine can be considered. In the compressor and the turbine section, the flow solver has to be able to handle the moving blades, model the wall turbulence, and predict the pressure and density distribution properly. This can be done by a flow solver based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. On the other hand, the flow in the combustion chamber is governed by large scale turbulence, chemical reactions, and the presence of fuel spray. Experience shows that these phenomena require an unsteady approach (Veynante & Poinsot, 1996). Hence, the use of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) flow solver is desirable. While many design problems of a single flow passage can be addressed by separate computations, only the simultaneous computation of all parts can guarantee the proper prediction of multi-component phenomena, such as compressor/combustor instability and combustor/turbine hot-streak migration. Therefore, a promising strategy to perform full aero-thermal simulations of gas-turbine engines is the use of a RANS flow solver for the compressor sections, an LES flow solver for the combustor, and again a RANS flow solver for the turbine section (Fig. 1).
Medication and creativity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on creative potential in a group of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD).


METHOD
A randomized single blind crossover study was performed with 24 children with ADHD, aged between 18 and 96 (M = 10.0, SD = 1.3), evaluating each child’s creativity with and without MPH, using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT).


RESULTS
Children under treatment with MPH showed a lower global Creative Index and lower scores on Fluency, Originality and Creative Strengths, compared to when not under treatment. The capacities for Elaboration, Abstractness of Titles, and Resistance to Closure did not differ whether on or off pharmacological treatment.


CONCLUSION
Our finding suggests that is important to take into account the impact that MPH might have on the creative potential of a child with ADHD to develop a more accurate evaluation and to develop better treatment plans.
The role of educational track in adolescents' school burnout: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND
Transition from comprehensive school to later educational tracks is challenging for many adolescents. The present three-wave longitudinal study conducted in Finland considers this issue from the perspective of school burnout.


AIMS
The study investigated the extent to which school-related burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inadequacy) changes during the transition from comprehensive school to an academic or vocational track.


SAMPLE
The participants of the present study were 658 ninth graders, who filled in questionnaires twice during their final term of comprehensive school and once after the transition to post-comprehensive schooling.


METHODS
The participants filled in the school burnout inventory and supplied background information on gender and academic achievement. The data have analysed by latent growth curve modelling.


RESULTS
The results showed that adolescents on an academic track experienced more exhaustion at school than those on a vocational track. Moreover, among adolescents on an academic track both the level of cynicism and inadequacy at school increased across time. In turn, among adolescents on a vocational track inadequacy at school decreased across time while cynicism increased before the school transition and decreased thereafter. Girls experienced more overall school burnout than boys, and adolescents whose academic achievement was lower experienced a higher level of burnout than adolescents who did better at school.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the stage-environment fit theory according to which the nature of the environments in academic and vocational education are more important than the transition per se for changes in how adolescents think and feel about school (see Eccles & Midgley, 1989).
Serum IL-7 and G-CSF in major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with dysregulated immune systems and impaired T cell function, but data on depression-related alterations in the levels of immunomodulatory growth factors are scarce. In order to further clarify the mechanisms underlying immune system dysregulation in depressed subjects, we examined the associations between MDD and serum levels of two immunomodulatory growth factors, interleukin (IL)-7 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in 122 subjects (MDD with long-term symptomatology, n=61; controls, n=61). The MDD subjects had lowered levels of IL-7. In a model adjusted for age, gender and body mass index, subjects in the lowest tertile of IL-7 had a 3.4-fold increased likelihood for MDD (p=0.010). Further adjustments for sleep disturbances, alcohol use, smoking, and metabolic syndrome did not alter these findings. Moreover, the exclusion of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications or oral corticosteroids only slightly attenuated the findings. The G-CSF levels did not differ between the two groups. The lowering of the serum levels of IL-7, a regulator of T cell homeostasis, in MDD subjects may underlie the depression-related impaired T cell function.
Serious Games for Cyber Security Education

Page i Acknowledgement List of Figures iii x List of Tables List of Publications xi xii
Two-edge connected subgraphs with bounded rings: Polyhedral results and Branch-and-Cut

We consider the network design problem which consists in determining at minimum cost a 2-edge connected network such that the shortest cycle (a “ring”) to which each edge belongs, does not exceed a given length K. We identify a class of valid inequalities, called cycle inequalities, valid for the problem and show that this inequalities together with the so-called cut inequalities yield an integer programming formulation of the problem in the space of the natural design variables. We then study the polytope associated with that problem and describe further classes of valid inequalities. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these inequalities to be facet defining. We study the separation problem associated with these inequalities. In particular, we show that the cycle inequalities can be separated in polynomial time when K ≤ 4. We develop a Branch-and-Cut algorithm based on these results and present extensive computational results.
Patients with known or suspected lung cancer: evaluation of clinical management changes due to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) study.

AIM
To determine prospectively from the referring physician's point of view the impact of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) results on the management decisions in patients with known or suspected lung cancer.


METHODS
Seventy-five consecutive patients (58 men, 17 women; age range, 33-82 years; mean age, 64 years) with a diagnosis of a pulmonary lesion, obtained by means of morphological imaging studies and/or cytological sampling, were included in the study. The patient population consisted of three groups: (A) patients (n=18) with a solitary lung nodule; (B) patients (n=37) with untreated lung cancer; and (C) patients (n=20) with treated lung cancer. All were referred for whole-body F-FDG PET within 15 days (mean, 11 days) of lung lesion detection. To determine whether and how PET findings could modify the treatment strategy, a questionnaire was sent to the referring physician before and after the PET results. With regard to the treatment strategy, four major options were recognized: (1) further diagnostic investigations; (2) medical therapy; (3) surgical treatment; (4) wait-and-see. For data analysis, intermodality changes, defined as changes between treatment strategies related to PET findings, were considered.


RESULTS
Before the PET study, the planned management for the overall patient population was as follows: further diagnostic investigations in 44 cases (58%), medical therapy in 17 (23%), surgical treatment in nine (12%) and wait-and-see in five (7%). After the PET study, further diagnostic tools were indicated in 27 cases (36%), medical therapy in 17 (23%), surgical treatment in 28 (37%) and wait-and-see in three (4%). Relative to the initially planned strategy, changes in patient management after PET imaging occurred in 34 (45%) cases. Overall, the most relevant variation after PET concerned the surgical treatment strategy. The highest percentage (67%) of changes in management after PET was found in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule; the percentages of changes of the three patient groups were significantly different (chi-squared test; P=0.021).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with known or suspected lung cancer, F-FDG PET results determined significant variations in major clinical management decisions.
A Participatory Workplace Intervention for Employees With Distress and Lost Time: A Feasibility Evaluation Within a Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction Little is known about feasibility and acceptability of return to work (RTW) interventions for mental health problems. RTW for mental health problems is more complicated than for musculoskeletal problems due to stigmatization at the workplace. A participatory workplace intervention was developed in which an employee and supervisor identify and prioritize obstacles and solutions for RTW guided by a RTW coordinator. This paper is a feasibility study of this innovative intervention for employees with distress. The aims of this study were to describe the reach and extent of implementation of the workplace intervention, the satisfaction and expectations of all stakeholders, and the intention to use the workplace intervention in the future. Methods Eligible for this study were employees who had been on sick leave from regular work for 2–8 weeks with distress. Data were collected from the employees, their supervisors, RTW coordinators, and occupational physicians by means of standardized matrices and questionnaires at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Reach, implementation, satisfaction, expectations, and maintenance regarding the workplace intervention were described. Results Of the 56 employees with distress eligible to receive the workplace intervention, 40 employees, their supervisors and RTW coordinators actually participated in the intervention. They identified 151 obstacles for RTW mostly related to job design, communication, mental workload and person-related stress factors. The 281 consensus-based solutions identified were mostly related to job design, communication and training. Of those solutions, 72% was realized at the evaluation with the employee and supervisor. Overall, employees, supervisors and occupational health professionals were satisfied with the workplace intervention and occupational health professionals rated it with a 7.1. Time-investment was the only barrier for implementation reported by the occupational health professionals. Conclusions The results of this study indicate a high feasibility for a broad implementation of a participatory workplace intervention for employees with distress and lost time, and their supervisors.
Early Elementary Students' Development of Astronomy Concepts in the Planetarium

The National Science Education Standards [National Research Council (1996) National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press] recommend that students understand the apparent patterns of motion of the sun, moon and stars by the end of early elementary school. However, little information exists on students’ ability to learn these concepts. This study examines the change in students’ understanding of apparent celestial motion after attending a planetarium program using kinesthetic learning techniques. Preand post-interviews were conducted with participants from seven classes of first and second grade students (N1⁄4 63). Students showed significant improvement in knowledge of all areas of apparent celestial motion covered by the planetarium program. This suggests that students in early elementary school are capable of learning the accurate description of apparent celestial motion. The results also demonstrate the value of both kinesthetic learning techniques and the rich visual environment of the planetarium for improved understanding of celestial motion. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Circulating tumor cells: liquid biopsy of cancer.

BACKGROUND
The detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are one of the most active areas of translational cancer research, with >400 clinical studies having included CTCs as a biomarker. The aims of research on CTCs include (a) estimation of the risk for metastatic relapse or metastatic progression (prognostic information), (b) stratification and real-time monitoring of therapies, (c) identification of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms, and (d) understanding metastasis development in cancer patients.


CONTENT
This review focuses on the technologies used for the enrichment and detection of CTCs. We outline and discuss the current technologies that are based on exploiting the physical and biological properties of CTCs. A number of innovative technologies to improve methods for CTC detection have recently been developed, including CTC microchips, filtration devices, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays, and automated microscopy systems. Molecular-characterization studies have indicated, however, that CTCs are very heterogeneous, a finding that underscores the need for multiplex approaches to capture all of the relevant CTC subsets. We therefore emphasize the current challenges of increasing the yield and detection of CTCs that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Increasing assay analytical sensitivity may lead, however, to a decrease in analytical specificity (e.g., through the detection of circulating normal epithelial cells).


SUMMARY
A considerable number of promising CTC-detection techniques have been developed in recent years. The analytical specificity and clinical utility of these methods must be demonstrated in large prospective multicenter studies to reach the high level of evidence required for their introduction into clinical practice.