LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of a Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic System

This paper gives a complete computer simulation program of a single phase grid connected PV system using Matlab/Simulink and SimPowerSystem tool in order to monitor the performance of each unit of the system during a selected day in the year representing a sunny day and another cloudy day using the hourly data of load demand, solar radiation and temperature at The Kharga Oasis site, as a case study. The system consists of a PV array subsystem as the primary source of energy, the electric grid as an auxiliary source of energy, the battery bank as a stand by source that feeds the electrical load in case of grid failure. This paper also focuses on the operation control of the system. This control is on/off switch control according to modes of operation of the system and there is a control of inverter using PI controller to achieve the maximum power point of the PV array. Finally this paper gives the simulation results of the required system output parameters; PV output power, grid power, load power, battery power, and battery voltage and state of charge. Key-Words: Renewable energy, Photovoltaic systems, Electric grid, Modeling, Control, Simulation.
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for treatment of symptomatic systolic heart failure patients: a pilot study.

AIMS
To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential beneficial effects of left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) in systolic heart failure (HF) patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In this prospective, randomized pilot study, inclusion criteria were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, sinus rhythm, and resting heart rate >65 b.p.m., despite optimal medical therapy (MT). Fifteen patients were randomly assigned either to MT alone or MT plus LCSD. The primary endpoint was safety, measured by mortality in the first month of follow-up and morbidity according to pre-specified criteria. Secondary endpoints were exercise capacity, quality of life, LVEF, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and 24 h Holter mean heart rate before and after 6 months. We studied clinical effects in long-term follow-up. Ten patients underwent LCSD. There were no adverse events attributable to surgery. In the LCSD group, LVEF improved from 25 ± 6.6 to 33 ± 5.2 (P = 0.03); 6 min walking distance improved from 167 ± 35 to 198 ± 47 m (P = 0.02). Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) score physical dimension changed from 21 ± 5 to 15 ± 7 (P = 0.06). The remaining analysed variables were unchanged. During 848 ± 549 days of follow-up, in the MT group, three patients either died or underwent cardiac transplantation (CT), while in the LCSD group six were alive without CT.


CONCLUSIONS
LCSD was feasible and seemed to be safe in systolic HF patients. Its beneficial effects warrant the development of a larger randomized trial. Trail registration: NCT01224899.
Nonlinear Stability of Homogeneous Models in Newtonian Cosmology

Abstract.We consider the Vlasov‐Poisson system in a cosmological setting as studied in [18] and prove nonlinear stability of homogeneous solutions against small, spatially periodic perturbations in the L∞‐norm of the spatial mass density. This result is connected with the question of how large scale structures such as galaxies have evolved out of the homogeneous state of the early universe.
Effect of resistance training on physical disability in chronic heart failure.

PURPOSE
Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) report difficulty performing activities of daily living. To our knowledge, however, no study has directly measured performance in activities of daily living in these patients to systematically assess their level of physical disability. Moreover, the contribution of skeletal muscle weakness to physical disability in CHF remains unclear. Thus, we measured performance in activities of daily living in CHF patients and controls, its relationship to aerobic capacity and muscle strength, and the effect of resistance exercise training to improve muscle strength and physical disability.


METHODS
Patients and controls were assessed for performance in activities of daily living, self-reported physical function, peak aerobic capacity, body composition, and muscle strength before and after an 18-wk resistance training program. To remove the confounding effects of several disease-related factors (muscle disuse, hospitalization, acute illness), we recruited controls with similar activity levels as CHF patients and tested patients >6 months after any disease exacerbation/hospitalization.


RESULTS
Performance in activities of daily living was 30% lower (P < 0.05) in CHF patients versus controls and was related to both reduced aerobic capacity (P < 0.001) and muscle strength (P < 0.01). Moreover, resistance training improved (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) physical function and muscle strength in patients and controls similarly, without altering aerobic capacity.


CONCLUSIONS
CHF patients are characterized by marked physical disability compared with age- and physical activity-matched controls, which is related to reduced aerobic capacity and muscle strength. CHF patients respond to resistance training with normal strength/functional adaptations. Our results support muscle weakness as a determinant of physical disability in CHF and show that interventions that increase muscle strength (resistance training) reduce physical disability.
Super-twisting sliding mode control of torque and flux in permanent magnet synchronous machine drives

This paper investigates a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive controlled by a second-order variable structure control technique, known as the super-twisting sliding modes (STSM) control. The STSM controller is designed as a direct torque and flux controller and it works in the stator flux reference frame, rather than the rotor frame, as a regular vector control scheme. Another second-order sliding mode controller (SMC) was developed and compared with the STSM controller. Also for comparison, a similar direct torque control scheme based on linear PI controllers was developed and tested. The tests show that the STSM controller displays very robust behavior, like any SMC, and it works without notable chattering, like the linear PI-based controller. The paper presents theoretical aspects for the STSM control, several design and implementation details, and comparative experimental results with all three schemes.
Bullying: children hurting children.

Boys are generally more involved in bullying than girls. Girls more often are the targets and perpetrators of passive, indirect bullying, such as gossip and social isolation. Boys more frequently are the targets and perpetrators of aggressive, physical bullying. The peak age of bullying is second grade, and the percentage of students who report having been bullied declines steadily through advancing grade levels.
Cytokine-induced sequential migration of neutrophils through endothelium and epithelium

Objective and Design: To better understand the mechanisms by which cytokines induced neutrophils to migrate into the airways, we constructed a novel in vitro model system.¶Materials: Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers were grown on top of permeable filters and human lung type II-like alveolar epithelial cell (A549) monolayers were grown on the undersurface of the filters.¶Methods: The sequential migration of human neutrophils through the endothelium (apical to basal movement) and subsequently through the epithelium (basal to apical movement) in response to IL-1β or TNFα located basally to the epithelium was measured.¶Results: We found that IL-1β and TNFα induced dose-responsive and time-dependent migration through the double monolayers-filter complex. The pattern of migration was similar, and the amount greater than or equal to that observed through either single monolayer/filter complex. Neutrophil migration through naked filters was generally less than that observed through the cellular barriers. The contribution of the monolayer orientation was also examined and found to favor the more physiologic directional migration of neutrophils through an endothelial and epithelial barrier, apical to basal and basal to apical, respectively. In contrast, FMLP-induced neutrophil migration was not dependent upon either the orientation or presence of the monolayer(s).¶Conclusions: Thus, we have established an in vitro model system to examine cytokine-induced sequential migration of neutrophils through endothelium and the respiratory epithelium in a manner analogous to that occurring with an in vivo airway stimulus causing neutrophil-rich airway inflammatory responses.
Reconstructing Mathematics Pedagogy from a Constructivist Perspective.

Construcdvist epistemologies have been instrumental in recent research on mathematics learning and have provided a basis for recent mathematics education reform efforts. Although constructivism has the potential to inform changes in mathematics teaching, it offers no particular vision of how mathematics should be taught; models of teaching based on constructivism are needed. Data are presented from a whole-class, constructivist teaching experiment in which constructivist perspectives encountered problems of teaching practice. The analysis of the data led to the development of a model of teacher decision making with respect to mathematical tasks. Central to this model is the creative tension between the teacher's goals for student learning and his responsibility to be sensitive and responsive to the mathematical thinking of his students.
Form or Substance: The Role of Business Plans in Venture Capital Decision Making

We explore a well-known instance of fast decision making under high uncertainty, venture capital (VC) opportunity screening. We analyze a sample of 722 funding requests submitted to an American VC firm and evaluate the influence of the form of the submission and content of business planning documents on VC funding decisions. We improve on prior literature by a) using a large sample of known representativeness, b) relating request characteristics to actual VC decisions, and c) developing an inferential logic that takes account of the multiple sources of information to which VCs have access. We find that the presence of planning documents and some information contained therein are weakly associated with VC funding decisions. Based on our inferential strategy, we find that this information is learned independently of its inclusion in the business planning documents. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflated beta distributions

This paper considers the issue of modeling fractional data observed on [0,1), (0,1] or [0,1]. Mixed continuous-discrete distributions are proposed. The beta distribution is used to describe the continuous component of the model since its density can have quite different shapes depending on the values of the two parameters that index the distribution. Properties of the proposed distributions are examined. Also, estimation based on maximum likelihood and conditional moments is discussed. Finally, practical applications that employ real data are presented. Properties of the proposed distributions are examined. Also, maximum likelihood and method of moments estimation is discussed. Finally, practical applications that employ real data are presented.
FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR PASSIVE UHF RFID APPLICATIONS

Abstract—This paper addresses the design of fractal antennas placed onto dielectric object in the UHF RFID band and introduces a tag antenna configuration of simple geometry having impedance tuning capability. Through the paper, the dimensions of the fractal antenna are optimized to improve the impedance matching with the chip impedance. The tag performance changes are studied when it is placed on different objects (e.g., cardboard boxes with various content), or when other objects are present in the vicinity of the tagged object. It has been shown that a tag antenna can be designed or tuned for optimum performance on a particular object. Using the finite element method the open circuit voltage and the polarization mismatch factor against the operating frequency are calculated. The input impedance, reflection coefficient, power transmission coefficient and the read range as a function of frequency are illustrated. The performance of the tag antenna in the presence of the dielectric box and different object materials inside the box is illustrated. The effect of the objects that are placed in the center of the dielectric box didn’t have a significant effect on the performance of the tag antenna; there is a small shift in the resonance frequency but still within the operating frequency band. Both the power transmission coefficient and the read range change with the object material. The backscattering properties of the tag antenna have been studied. The differential radar cross-section of the tag antenna is calculated for different antenna loads.
Sociodemographic determinants of perceived influences on food choice in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the most important motivations for food choice from the point of view of the consumer in the Irish population, and to characterize those subjects who do and do not regard nutrition as a significant consideration in food choice.


DESIGN
As part of a pan-European Union (EU) survey on consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health, a quota-controlled, nationally representative sample of Irish adults (n = 1009) aged 15 years upwards, completed an interview-assisted, close-ended questionnaire. Subjects selected three factors, from a list of 15, which they believed had the greatest influence on their food choice.


SETTING
The interviews for the survey were conducted in subjects' homes.


RESULTS
'Quality/freshness of food' was the most frequently selected food choice factor (51%) followed by 'taste' (43%) and 'trying to eat a healthy diet' (36%). Female gender, increasing age and higher levels of education were found to be independent sociodemographic factors affecting the selection of 'trying to eat a healthy diet' as an important factor in food choice.


CONCLUSIONS
Although included in the top five most frequently selected factors affecting food choice, nutrition/healthy eating does not appear to have top priority for the majority of Irish adults. There are differences between the various sociodemographic groups within the population; males and younger subjects appear to require specific nutrition promotion messages.
A TOA-based location algorithm reducing the errors due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation

An effective location algorithm, which considers nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, is presented. By using a new variable to replace the square term, the problem becomes a mathematical programming problem, and then the NLOS propagation’s effect can be evaluated. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm has high accuracy.
A note on the law of identity and the converse Parry property

Proof: 1.1. Every mef will be of the form p—> p in virtue of variablesharing. Eefs of the form p —> C and C -+ p, where C is an ef, are ruled out, the first because of the Ackermann property, the second because by modus ponens p would be a theorem. So every eef is a mef, and Lemma 1.1. follows. 1.2. Let A contain two or more propositional variables. In virtue of variable-sharing every ef of A containing two or more propositional variables will have on at least one side of its arrow a subformula containing at least two propositional variables (so this subformula will be an ef). (E.g., imagine an ef B containing two propositional variables, p and q; then it will contain p either on both sides of the arrow, in which case q is on at least one side, or on only one side, in which case q must be on both.)*
Phosphorylated ERalpha, HIF-1alpha, and MAPK signaling as predictors of primary endocrine treatment response and resistance in patients with breast cancer.

PURPOSE
We aimed to identify signaling pathways involved in the response and resistance to aromatase inhibitor therapy in patients with breast cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
One hundred fourteen women with T2-4 N0-1, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-positive tumors were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant letrozole or letrozole plus metronomic cyclophosphamide. Twenty-four tumor proteins involved in apoptosis, cell survival, hypoxia, angiogenesis, growth factor, and hormone signaling were assessed by immunohistochemistry in pretreatment samples (eg, caspase 3, phospho- mammalian target of rapamycin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha [HIF-1alpha], vascular endothelial growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphorylated ERalpha [pERalpha]). A multivariate generalized linear regression approach was applied using a penalized least-square minimization to perform variable selection and regularization. Ten-fold cross-validation and iterative leave-one-out were employed to validate and test the model, respectively. Tumor size, nodal status, age, tumor grade, histological type, and treatment were included in the analysis.


RESULTS
Ninety-one patients (81%) attained a disease response, 48 achieved a complete clinical response (43%) whereas 22 did not respond (19%). Increased pERalpha and decreased p44/42 MAPK were significant factors for complete response to treatment in all leave-one-out iterations. Increased p44/42 MAPK and HIF-1alpha were significant factors for treatment resistance in all leave-one-out iterations. There was no significant interaction between these variables and treatment.


CONCLUSION
Activated ERalpha form was an independent factor for sensitivity to chemoendocrine treatment, whereas HIF-1alpha and p44/42 MAPK were independent factors for resistance. Although further confirmatory analyses are needed, these findings have clear potential implications for future strategies in the management of clinical trials with aromatase inhibitors in the breast cancer.
Demand-oriented care: the development and validation of a measuring instrument

Demand-oriented care has recently become a key topic in the area of care provision, fitting into the modern pursuit for patient autonomy. This paper introduces a measuring instrument to assess demand-orientation in mental health care. A concept mapping procedure was used to understand the concept of demand-orientation. The resulting items were introduced to a validating sample of 204 patients of three mental health facilities. After factor analysis, a 19-item General-Demand Orientated Care Questionnaire (DOC-G), and a supplementary questionnaire (DOC-S) containing 6 sections remained. This questionnaire was submitted to confirmatory analysis in a random sample (n = 304) of psychiatric patients. Respondents were predominantly female (57.6%), of Dutch ethnic origin (84.1%), and outpatients (71.4%). The analyses confirmed the 4-factor structure of the questionnaire. Both internal and external validity of the instrument proved to be sufficient. The questionnaire discriminated in the experience of demand-orientation of care between patients who did and those who did not have a treatment plan put up; between those who did and those who did not have a crisis plan, and between those who had a lifetime prevalence of undergoing compulsory treatment, and those who had not. We conclude that the DOC is a useful instrument to measure demand-orientation in a population of psychiatric patients. It is useful to measure changes in care quality. The supplementary questionnaires make it possible to evaluate chosen projects or subprojects quickly.
Impact of smoking on experimental gingivitis. A clinical, microbiological and immunological prospective study.

OBJECTIVE
The present study assessed the effect of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in an experimental gingivitis model.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty-four healthy dental students were divided into two groups: smokers (n = 10); and nonsmokers (n = 14). Stents were used to prevent biofilm removal during brushing. Visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were determined 5- on day -7 (running phase), baseline, 21 d (experimental gingivitis) and 28 d (resolution phase). Supragingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid were collected and assayed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and a multiplex analysis, respectively. Intragroup comparison was performed by Friedman and Dunn's multiple comparison tests, whereas the Mann-Whitney U-test was applied for intergroup analyses.


RESULTS
Cessation of oral hygiene resulted in a significant increase in VPI, GBI and gingival crevicular fluid volume in both groups, which returned to baseline levels 7 d after oral hygiene was resumed. Smokers presented lower GBI than did nonsmokers (p < 0.05) at day 21. Smokers had higher total bacterial counts and higher proportions of red- and orange complex bacteria, as well as lower proportions of Actinomyces spp., and of purple- and yellow-complex bacteria (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of key immune-regulatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17 and interferon-γ, were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Smokers and nonsmokers developed gingival inflammation after supragingival biofilm accumulation, but smokers had less bleeding, higher proportions of periodontal pathogens and distinct host-response patterns during the course of experimental gingivitis.