LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A generative evolutionary design method

This paper describes a generative evolutionary design method, called the ‘schema method’, which requires the design team to participate in the programming of generative and evolutionary rules and representations. The method consists of two phases: in the first phase, the design team develops and encodes the essential and identifiable character of the designs to be generated and evolved; in the second phase, the design team uses an evolutionary system to generate and evolve designs that incorporate this character. This method is based on a previous generative evolutionary design method, developed by John Frazer from the late 1960s onwards, called the ‘concept seed-
The effects of a player's network centrality on resource accessibility, game enjoyment, and continuance intention: A study on online gaming communities

1567-4223/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2011.10.001 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 2939 3091x85 E-mail addresses: jerrycchsiao@gmail.com (C.-C. (J.-S. Chiou). This study applies social capital theory to investigate how a player’s network centrality in an online gaming community (i.e., a guild) affects his/her attitude and continuance intention toward a Massive Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG). Analysis of 347 usable responses shows that players’ network centrality has a negative impact on their ties to players who belong to other guilds (i.e., non-guild interaction), but a positive effect on players’ access to resources. However, players’ network centrality fails to increase their perceived game enjoyment directly. Players’ resource accessibility and perceived game enjoyment play mediating roles in the relationship between network centrality and attitude toward playing an MMOG, which in turn influences game continuance intention. The results also show that although players’ non-guild interaction is negatively related to their resource accessibility from the networks, it is positively associated with perceived game enjoyment. The article concludes with implications and limitations of the study. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ICU nurses' oral-care practices and the current best evidence.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the oral-care practices of ICU nurses, to compare those practices with current evidence-based practice, and to determine if the use of evidence-based practice was associated with personal demographic or professional characteristics.


DESIGN
A national survey of oral-care practices of ICU nurses was conducted using a convenience sample of 218 practicing ICU nurses in 2004-05. The survey instrument included questions about demographic and professional characteristics and a checklist of oral-care practices. Nurses rated their perceived level of priority concerning oral care on a scale from 0 to 100. A score was computed representing the sum of 14 items related to equipment, solutions, assessments, and techniques associated with the current best evidence. This score was then statistically analyzed using ANOVA to determine differences of EBP based on demographic and professional characteristics.


FINDINGS
The most commonly used equipment was gauze pads (84%), followed by tongue depressors (55%), and toothbrushes (34%). Chlorhexidine was the most common solution used (75%). Less than half (44%) reported brushing their patients' teeth. The majority performed an oral assessment before beginning oral care (71%); however, none could describe what assessment tool was used. Only 57% of nurses reported documenting their oral care. Nurses rated oral care of intubated patients with a priority of 67+/-27.1. Wide variations were noted within and between units in terms of which techniques, equipment, and solutions were used. No significant relationships were found between the use of an evidence-based protocol and demographic and professional characteristics or with the priority given to oral care.


CONCLUSIONS
While nurses ranked oral care a high priority, many did not implement the latest evidence into their current practice. The level of research utilization was not related to personal or professional characteristics. Therefore attempts should be made to encourage all ICU nurses to introduce and use evidence-based, oral-care protocols.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Practicing ICU nurses in this survey were often not adhering to the latest evidence-based practice and therefore need to be educated and encouraged to do so in order to improve patient care.
Radiographic assessment of alignment following TKA: outline of a standardized protocol and assessment of a newly devised trigonometric method of analysis.

BACKGROUND
An important determinant of long-term outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is post-operative alignment as measured on radiographs. Thus far, radiographs have been measured using the goniometer method (GM) and no standard protocol has been followed. The aim of this prospective study was to: (i) outline a protocol for radiographic measurement following TKA; and (ii) compare the accuracy of the traditional GM with a new trigonometric method (TM) of radiographic analysis.


METHODS
A protocol for the measurement of alignment on radiographs following TKA was outlined in detail with step-by-step instructions. A new TM of angle measurement was also delineated. Alignment was measured on 51 post-operative TKA radiographs. A single angle was chosen and measured by two observers using both the GM and TM.


RESULTS
The TM had a precision of 1.06 degrees compared with 1.5 degrees using the GM. The standard deviation of the TM was significantly smaller than the GM (P= 0.033). The intra-class correlation coefficient of the TM was 0.94 versus 0.90 for the GM.


CONCLUSION
The study detailed a protocol for the measurement of axial alignment of the limbs and components following TKA, and provided evidence that a newer TM of angle measurement was superior in terms of precision and intra-rater reliability in comparison with the traditional method.
R-LIM: an Affordable Library Search System Based on RFID

With a large volume of materials today's libraries carry, locating the exact position of materials is time-consuming. This is not true just for poorly managed libraries, but also for well maintained libraries. In the former case, the problem is rather serious. Even though a material is somewhere in the library, if we cannot locate the material, the fundamental roles of the library may be challenged. In the latter case, one still needs to go through a tedious shelf searching process to locate the material. In this study we propose an affordable RFID based library management system named R-LIM which eases the process of locating books in the library. In an earlier version of R-LIM, expensive RFID antennas had to be placed on every shelf to acquire location information. In this new version, we replace the antennas with inexpensive tags to make the system more affordable. By associating book-tag IDs with shelf-tag IDs through periodic tag scanning, we can identify the exact location of the book we are searching for. This paper describes the localization algorithm of R-LIM, and explains how it can be integrated with other parts of the system
Multi-Chain Prefetching: Effective Exploitation of Inter-Chain Memory Parallelism for Pointer-Chasing Codes

Abstract: Pointer-chasing applications tend to traverse composed data structures consisting of multiple independent pointer chains. While the traversal of any single pointer chain leads to the serialization of memory operations, the traversal of independent pointer chains provides a source of memory parallelism. This paper presents multi-chain prefetching, a technique that utilizes off-line analysis and a hardware prefetch engine to prefetch multiple independent pointer chains simultaneously, thus exploiting inter-chain memory parallelism for the purpose of memory latency tolerance. This paper makes three contributions. First, we introduce a scheduling algorithm that identifies independent pointer chains in pointer-chasing codes and computes a prefetch schedule that overlaps serialized cache misses across separate chains. Our analysis focuses on static traversals. We also propose using speculation to identify independent pointer chains in dynamic traversals. Second, we present the design of a prefetch engine that traverses pointer-based data structures and overlaps multiple pointer chains according to our scheduling algorithm. Finally, we conduct an experimental evaluation of multi-chain prefetching and compare its performance against two existing techniques, jump pointer prefetching [9] and prefetch arrays [6]. Our results show multi-chain prefetching improves execution time by 40% across six pointer-chasing kernels from the Olden benchmark suite [14], and by 8% across four SPECInt CPU2000 benchmarks. Multi-chain prefetching also outperforms jump pointer prefetching and prefetch arrays by 28% on Olden, and by 12% on SPECInt. Furthermore, speculation can enable multi-chain prefetching for some dynamic traversal codes, but our technique loses its effectiveness when the pointer-chain traversal order is unpredictable. Finally, we also show that combining multi-chain prefetching with prefetch arrays can potentially provide higher performance than either technique alone.
Specific flexion-related low back pain and sitting: comparison of seated discomfort on two different chairs.

UNLABELLED
No study has examined the effectiveness of prescribing seating modifications according to the individual clinical presentation of people with low back pain (LBP). A dynamic, forward-inclined chair ('Back App') can reduce seated paraspinal muscle activation among pain-free participants. This study examined 21 participants whose LBP was specifically aggravated by prolonged sitting and was eased by standing. Low back discomfort (LBD) and overall body discomfort (OBD) were assessed every 15 min while participants sat for 1 h on both the dynamic, forward-inclined chair and a standard office chair. LBD increased significantly more (p = 0.005) on the standard office chair, with no significant difference (p = 0.178) in OBD between the chairs. The results demonstrate that, in a specific flexion-related subgroup of people with LBP, increased LBD during sitting can be minimised through modifying chair design. Mechanisms that minimise seated discomfort may be of relevance in LBP management, as part of a biopsychosocial management plan.


PRACTITIONER SUMMARY
This study examined low back discomfort (LBD) during a typing task among people with low back pain (LBP). Sitting on a dynamic, forward-inclined chair resulted in less seated LBD than sitting on a standard office chair. Further research is required to examine the long-term effectiveness of ergonomics interventions in LBP.
A bundle method for hydrothermal scheduling

Lagrangian relaxation has been widely used in hydrothermal scheduling. Complicating constraints are relaxed by multipliers which are usually updated by a subgradient method (SGM). The SGM suffers from slow convergence caused by the non-differentiable characteristics of dual functions. This paper presents an algorithm that utilizes the Bundle Trust Region Method (BTRM) to update the multipliers within the Lagrangian relaxation framework. The BTRM is shown to converge faster than the SGM as well as other bundle type methods in optimizing non-diffcrentiable dual functions. The application of BTRM for solving hydro subproblems results in greatly improved convergence over the SGM. Comparing BTRM with another bundle type method in updating the high level multipliers shows that better solution can be obtained by BTRM.
Evaluating the learning curve in the prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of hemodynamic support with Impella 2.5 versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention: a prespecified subanalysis of the PROTECT II study.

BACKGROUND
The introduction of new medical devices may be accompanied by a learning curve.


METHODS
To evaluate the impact of the device learning curve on the outcomes of PROTECT II trial, comparing Impella 2.5 versus the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, we report on a prespecified analysis, excluding the first Impella 2.5 and IABP patients at each site.


RESULTS
A total of 448 patients were enrolled at 74 sites. Among these, 58 patients were the first to receive Impella 2.5 at their site, 62 were the first to receive IABP. A trend toward higher major adverse events (MAEs) at 30 days was observed for the subgroup of first versus remaining Impella 2.5 patients: 44.8% versus 31.7%, P = .072. MAE rates for the first and remaining IABP patients were similar at 30 days. After exclusion of the first patient in each group, MAE rates for Impella 2.5 and IABP were 31.7% versus 40.0% (P = .119) at 30 days and 38.0% versus 50.0% (P = .029) at 90 days.


CONCLUSIONS
Significantly lower 90-day MAE rates were observed with the use of Impella 2.5 compared to the use of IABP after excluding the first patient per group at each site. This prespecified analysis suggests a learning curve associated with initial introduction of the Impella 2.5. Clinical trials should better address the training aspect of new devices, especially when compared with more established devices.
E-Government Interoperability Frameworks : A Review

Various definitions have been defined for the word “interoperability”; in general however, “interoperability” is a property through which the systems and organizations can communicate and cooperate. In e-government domain to establish “interoperability” among the organizations, using a suitable “interoperability” framework is inevitable. Numerous frameworks have been proposed in e-government interoperability domain. Selecting a suitable interoperability framework as a reference from among the existing interoperability frameworks in e-government domain is a major challenge of great importance. This paper aims at investigating the present frameworks of interoperability in e-government domain and identifying a reference interoperability framework for this domain. The results of this study show that all the existing interoperability frameworks in the e government domain have some drawbacks. Defining a comprehensive framework of interoperability in e-government domain is therefore inevitable. Keywords—Interoperability, Framework, E-Government.
The consequences of nursing stress and need for integrated solutions.

PURPOSE
In a 2011 survey sponsored by the American Nurses Association (ANA), nurses identified the acute and chronic effects of stress and overwork as one of their two top safety and health concerns.


DESIGN/METHODS
A review of the literature was conducted to investigate the impact that job stress has on the health and safety of nursing professionals and the role that working conditions and job characteristics play in fostering job stress.


FINDINGS
Strong evidence supporting links between job stress, safety and health in general and within different types of nursing populations exists. Working conditions also contribute to the development of job stress.


CONCLUSION
Combining and integrating "person-focused" strategies designed to build nurses' ability to manage stress at the individual level with "organization-focused" strategies that eliminate stressful working conditions is critical to the reduction and prevention of job stress among nursing professionals.
Optimal Design of the Linear Delta Robot for Prescribed Cuboid Dexterous Workspace based on performance chart ∗

Determine an optimal set of design parameter of PR whose DW fits a prescribed workspace as closely as possible is an important and foremost design task before manufacturing. In this paper, an optimal design method of a linear Delta robot (LDR) to obtain the prescribed cuboid dexterous workspace (PCDW) is proposed. The optical algorithms are based on the concept of performance chart. The performance chart shows the relationship between a criterion and design parameters graphically and globally. The kinematic problem is analyzed in brief to determine the design parameters and their relation. Two algorithms are designed to determine the maximal inscribed rectangle of dexterous workspace in the O-xy plane and plot the performance chart. As an applying example, a design result of the LDR with a prescribed cuboid dexterous workspace is presented. The optical results shown that every corresponding maximal inscribed rectangle can be obtained for every given RATE by the algorithm and the error of RATE is less than 0.05.The method and the results of this paper are very useful for the design and comparison of the parallel robot. Key-Words: Parallel Robot, Cuboid Dexterous Workspace, Optimal Design, performance chart ∗ This work is supported by Zhejiang Province Education Funded Grant #20051392.
How do stressors lead to burnout? The mediating role of motivation.

We extend existing stressor-strain theoretical models by including intrinsic motivation as a mediator between well-established job stressors and burnout. Though the link between situational stressors and burnout is well established, little is known about mechanisms behind this relationship. With a sample of 284 self-employed individuals, we examined motivation as a mediator to explain why situational factors impact 3 dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Motivation is an explanatory mechanism that drives human behavior and thought, and thus may have an impact on important well-being outcomes. As expected, intrinsic motivation was a full mediator for the effect of perceived fit on the inefficacy dimension of burnout. Unexpectedly, neither perceived fit nor motivation was related to the other 2 dimensions of burnout, and role ambiguity had only a direct effect on the inefficacy dimension; it was also unrelated to exhaustion and cynicism. We discuss implications of these findings for researchers as well as for practitioners.
Political Murder: From Tyrannicide to Terrorism

Introduction PART ONE: THE LESSONS OF ANTIQUITY 1. Jehovah's Children and His Enemies The Bible as Source In the Days of the Judges The Life and Times of Joab Division and Fall of the Monarchy Governance under the Lord 2. The Greeks Darkness and Light in Hellas The Strange Case of Athens Colonial Tyrants: Phalaris of Acragas Dionysius and Dion of Syracuse Tyrannies North and East The Macedonia Adventure The Birth of Tyrannicide Theory 3. Rome A Republic of Laws The Gracchi Pompey, Caesar, Cicero The Empire as Epilogue What the Romans Showed 4. Other Peoples, Other Lands Reports from the Neighbors Rival Powers Greater Asia: The Sins of Devadatta Continents Known and Unknown 5. Zealots, Barbarians, and Assassins A Time of Transition Palestine and the Roman Imperium German Invaders and Their Ways Islam: Victories and Divisions Ismailis and the Hashishiyyin PART TWO: THE EUROPEAN CENTURIES 6. The High Middle Ages Causes and Limits of Change Kings, Lords, and Churchmen Murder at Canterbury Some Early Christian Views Two Schoolmen on Tyrannicide 7. A New Age of Princes English Dynasts Fifteenth-Century France Renaissance Italy From Polemics to Analysis: Guicciardini Machiavelli 8. Religious Warfare and Reason of State A Century of Bloodshed The Monarchomachs Coligny and William the Silent The Queen in Danger? Henry of Navarre Wallenstein Trial and Punishment 9. The Early Modern Interlude The Dog That Did Not Bark in the Night Signs of Revulsion Some Likely Victims Spared Remnants of Violence The Eighteenth Century Revolution in France The End of the Remission 10. The Nineteenth Century An Old, but Widening Stage The Kotzebue Killing Orsini in Paris, 1858 The Tsar and "The People's Will" Phoenix Park PART THREE: THE MODERN WORLD 11. Civilization in the Balance Before 1914 The First World War Russian Shambles The "Terrible Twenties": Two Ends of Europe Weimar Germany The 1930s: Terror and the State The Thirties: Russia and Germany 12. World War II and After Some Noteworthy Victims Heydrich, Darlan, and the Resistance "The Fuhrer Must Go!" Settling Accounts Different Battles on Changing Lines 13. Recent Times Mass and Location Independence and Nationhood The New Nihilists Historic Targets: Schleyer, Moro, and the Pope Post-Colonial Crises Africa Enters the Arena The Middle East 14. The Americas: Latin, British, and French Where Does the "New World" Fit? "English Islands" Canada--and Quebec 15. The United States "Conceived and Born in Violence"? The Watershed of the Civil War Madmen or Zealots? Centers of Controversy: Weiss, Oswald, and Ray Official Connections Conclusion: Looking Backward and Forward Notes Index
Fasting triglycerides predict recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with statins.

BACKGROUND
Most patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are treated with statins, which reduce atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. It is uncertain whether triglycerides predict risk after ACS on a background of statin treatment.


OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship of fasting triglyceride levels to outcomes after ACS in patients treated with statins.


METHODS
Long-term and short-term relationships of triglycerides to risk after ACS were examined in the dal-OUTCOMES trial and atorvastatin arm of the MIRACL (Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Acute Cholesterol Lowering) trial, respectively. Analysis of dal-OUTCOMES included 15,817 patients (97% statin-treated) randomly assigned 4 to 12 weeks after ACS to treatment with dalcetrapib (a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor) or placebo and followed for a median 31 months. Analysis of MIRACL included 1,501 patients treated with atorvastatin 80 mg daily beginning 1 to 4 days after ACS and followed for 16 weeks. Fasting triglycerides at initial random assignment were related to risk of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and unstable angina in models adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index.


RESULTS
Fasting triglyceride levels were associated with both long-term and short-term risk after ACS. In dal-OUTCOMES, long-term risk increased across quintiles of baseline triglycerides (p<0.001). The hazard ratio in the highest/lowest quintile (>175/≤80 mg/dl) was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.34 to 1.94). There was no interaction of triglycerides and treatment assignment on the primary outcome. In the atorvastatin group of MIRACL, short-term risk increased across tertiles of baseline triglycerides (p=0.03), with a hazard ratio of 1.50 [corrected] (95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 2.15) in highest/lowest tertiles (>195/≤135 mg/dl). The relationship of triglycerides to risk was independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with ACS treated effectively with statins, fasting triglycerides predict long-term and short-term cardiovascular risk. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be an important additional target for therapy. (A Study of RO4607381 in Stable Coronary Heart Disease Patients With Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome; NCT00658515).