LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Orientation to emergency nursing: perceptions of new graduate nurses.

INTRODUCTION
Emergency nursing is one of the most challenging and understaffed areas of professional nursing. Currently, little is known about how new graduate nurses perceive their experiences as novice emergency nurses. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how new graduate nurses who are oriented to emergency nursing as their first professional area of nursing employment perceive the orientation program and emergency nursing at the beginning and end of a 6-month program.


METHOD
This descriptive study incorporated qualitative and quantitative methods consisting of interviews and a survey. Study participants included 15 women and 3 men. Their mean age was 32 years. All were employed full time in their first position as a graduate nurse. They were asked their perceptions of the program at 3 and 6 months.


RESULTS
Participants shared their perceptions of why they had been attracted to the program, characteristics of the emergency department and emergency nursing, being in a new job and role, reflections on their performance, the classroom and clinical components of the program, and their recommendations for future orientation programs. Results of the quantitative survey on participants' perceptions of their first job as a registered nurse indicated that they found the work of the orientation program to be stressful.


DISCUSSION
Understanding the experience of new graduate nurses to the emergency setting provides crucial information for orientation program design. Incorporating active teaching and socialization strategies early in the program may facilitate the transition from novice to beginning competent emergency nurse.
Dynamic gas sensor network for air pollution monitoring and its auto-calibration

The use of a dynamic gas sensor network is proposed for air pollution monitoring, and its auto-calibration is discussed to achieve the maintenance-free operation. Although the gas sensor outputs generally show drift over time, frequent recalibration of a number of sensors in the network is a laborious task. To solve this problem, instead of the static network proposed in the related works, we propose to realize a dynamic gas sensor network by, e.g., placing sensors on vehicles running on the streets or placing some of them at fixed points and the others on vehicles. Since each sensor in the dynamic network often meets other sensors, calibration of that specific sensor can be performed by comparing the sensor outputs in such occasions. The sensors in the whole network can thus be calibrated eventually. The simulation results are presented to show that adjusting the sensor outputs to the average values of the sensors sharing the same site improves the measurement accuracy of the sensor network.
Impact of Oil Price Shock and Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

This paper seeks to assess the impact of oil price shock and real exchange rate volatility on real economic growth in Nigeria on the basis of quarterly data from 1986Q1 to 2007Q4. The empirical analysis starts by analyzing the time series properties of the data which is followed by examining the nature of causality among the variables. Furthermore, the Johansen VAR-based cointegration technique is applied to examine the sensitivity of real economic growth to changes in oil prices and real exchange rate volatility in the long-run while the short run dynamics was checked using a vector error correction model. Results from ADF and PP tests show evidence of unit root in the data and Granger pairwise causality test revealed unidirectional causality from oil prices to real GDP and bidirectional causality from real exchange rate to real GDP and vice versa. Findings further show that oil price shock and appreciation in the level of exchange rate exert positive impact on real economic growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends greater diversification of the economy through investment in key productive sectors of the economy to guard against the vicissitude of oil price shock and exchange rate volatility.
Fludarabine and epirubicin in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a German multicenter phase II study.

PURPOSE
Fludarabine has been reported to be the most effective single-agent in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Based on the in vitro synergism of fludarabine with anthracyclines and on results showing a higher efficacy of CHOP against COP we attempted to improve treatment results with a combination of fludarabine and an anthracycline.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
The aim of the multicenter study was to evaluate the rate and duration of remissions and investigate the toxic and immunosuppressive effects of fludarabine and epirubicin in the treatment of CLL in Binet stages B and C as first-line therapy or in first relapse. Thirty-eight patients were treated with fludarabine 25 mg/m2 on days 1-5 and epirubicin 25 mg/m2 on days 4 and 5.


RESULTS
The overall response rate (OR) was 82% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 66%-92%) with a CR rate of 32% (95% CI: 18%-49%). For the 25 previously untreated patients the OR was 92% (95% CI: 74%-99%) including 40% CRs (95% CI: 21%-61%). Granulocytopenia grade 3 occurred in 23% of all evaluable cycles, and grade 4 in 17%. The median remission duration was 19 months (range 6-37 months).


CONCLUSION
The results show that the combination of fludarabine and epirubicin is tolerable and highly effective in the treatment of CLL. With the addition of epirubicin to fludarabine, it appears possible to achieve a higher response rate and a more rapid response, especially of nodal manifestations. This regimen can be administered in an outpatient facility except for the first cycle because of the risk of a tumour lysis. The possible benefit of the combination presented here in the treatment of CLL in comparison to single-agent fludarabine treatment is presently under study in a prospective randomized multicenter study.
The effect of dofetilide on ventricular defibrillation thresholds.

INTRODUCTION
High defibrillation threshold (DFT) with an inadequate defibrillation safety margin remains an infrequent but troubling problem associated with defibrillator implantation. Dofetilide is a selective class III antiarrhythmic drug that reduces DFTs in a canine model. We hypothesized that dofetilide would reduce DFTs in humans, obviating the need for complex lead systems.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Sixteen consecutive patients with DFTs > or =20 J delivered energy at implant-received dofetilide therapy and underwent follow-up DFT testing acutely following drug loading and/or chronically (128 +/- 94 days). Amiodarone was discontinued in four patients at implantation. With dofetilide, DFTs decreased from 28 +/- 4 J to 19 +/- 7 J (P < 0.0001), resulting in a safety margin of 15 +/- 8 J for the implanted devices. Five patients subsequently had spontaneous arrhythmias terminated successfully with shocks.


CONCLUSION
Dofetilide reduces DFTs sufficiently to prevent the need for more complex lead systems. This strategy should be considered when an inadequate defibrillation safety margin is present.
Preference for Reference: New Options and Choices for Academic Library Users

44 | Reference & User Services Quarterly This exploratory study investigated the help seehing pref erences of libr ary user s at tw o large urban univ ersities in Toronto, Reference desh and virtual reference users were compared in terms of their perceptions of the options now available f or obtaining ref erence help. The premise for the study was based on the assumption thqt a reasonqble exposure to newer reJerence services, such as chat and emai| had occurred, therefore allowing for an examination of emerging preferences for different types oJ sertices. Surreys were distributed to both reference desh and virtual reJerence users asldng selen core questions exploring use qnd preference for reference services as well as habits and preferences for study location (in library, off campus, etc.). The results suggest that the reference desh continues tobe the most popular method oJ gettinghelp in the library, but virtual reJerence satisfies a niche for users who prefer to worh outside thelibrary. Those who use virtual reference tend to perceive their options Jor gettinghelp diJJerently from other users. Virtual reference users do not perceive virtual reJerence as a novelty or qs a marginal service, but see it as a signifcant service option. In addition, the results show that virtual reJerence sertices may have a special appeal to graduate students since graduate students seem more lihely to conduct their research outside the library. The study concludes w ith recommendations for planning and for Juture research.
Using Static Analysis to Reduce Dynamic Analysis Overhead

Dynamic analysis (instrumenting programs with code to detect and prevent errors during program execution) can be an effective approach to debugging, as well as preventing harm from being caused by malicious code. One problem with this approach is the runtime overhead introduced by the instrumentation. We define several techniques that involve using the results of static analysis to identify some cases where instrumentation can safely be removed. While we have designed the techniques with a specific dynamic analysis in mind (that used by the Runtime Type-Checking tool), the ideas may be of more general applicability.
Face lift.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the anatomy of and changes to the aging face, including changes in bone mass and structure and changes to the skin, tissue, and muscles. 2. Assess each individual's unique anatomy before embarking on face-lift surgery and incorporate various surgical techniques, including fat grafting and other corrective procedures in addition to shifting existing fat to a higher position on the face, into discussions with patients. 3. Identify risk factors and potential complications in prospective patients. 4. Describe the benefits and risks of various techniques.


SUMMARY
The ability to surgically rejuvenate the aging face has progressed in parallel with plastic surgeons' understanding of facial anatomy. In turn, a more clear explanation now exists for the visible changes seen in the aging face. This article and its associated video content review the current understanding of facial anatomy as it relates to facial aging. The standard face-lift techniques are explained and their various features, both good and bad, are reviewed. The objective is for surgeons to make a better aesthetic diagnosis before embarking on face-lift surgery, and to have the ability to use the appropriate technique depending on the clinical situation.
Some Digital Communication Fundamentals for Physicists and Others

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission.
Relationships among community interaction characteristics, perceived benefits, community commitment, and oppositional brand loyalty in online brand communities

To stand up for the brands they support, members of brand communities develop “oppositional brand loyalty” towards other rival brands. This study identifies how the interaction characteristics of brand community affect the perceived benefits of community members, and whether the perceived benefits cause members to develop community commitment, as well as the relationship between community commitment and oppositional brand loyalty. This study examined members of online automobile communities in Taiwan, and obtained a total of 283 valid samples. The analytical results reveal that interaction characteristics of brand community make members perceive many benefits, with “brand community engagement” being the most noticeable. Furthermore, hedonic, social, and learning benefits are the main factors to form community commitments. When members have community commitments, they will form oppositional brand loyalty to other rival brands. Based on the analytical results, this study provides suggestions to enterprises regarding online brand community operations. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Combining motion and appearance cues for anomaly detection

In this paper, we present a novel anomaly detection framework which integrates motion and appearance cues to detect abnormal objects and behaviors in video. For motion anomaly detection, we employ statistical histograms to model the normal motion distributions and propose a notion of “cut-bin” in histograms to distinguish unusual motions. For appearance anomaly detection, we develop a novel scheme based on Support Vector Data Description (SVDD), which obtains a spherically shaped boundary around the normal objects to exclude abnormal objects. The two complementary cues are finally combined to achieve more comprehensive detection results. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively locate abnormal objects in multiple public video scenarios, achieving comparable performance to other state-of-the-art anomaly detection techniques. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low‐cost cellulosic ethanol

New transportation fuels are badly needed to reduce our heavy dependence on imported oil and to reduce the release of greenhouse gases that cause global climate change; cellulosic biomass is the only inexpensive resource that can be used for sustainable production of the large volumes of liquid fuels that our transportation sector has historically favored. Furthermore, biological conversion of cellulosic biomass can take advantage of the power of biotechnology to take huge strides toward making biofuels cost competitive. Ethanol production is particularly well suited to marrying this combination of need, resource, and technology. In fact, major advances have already been realized to competitively position cellulosic ethanol with corn ethanol. However, although biotechno logy presents important opportunities to achieve very low costs, pretreatment of naturally resistant cellulosic mate rials is essential if we are to achieve high yields from biological operations; this operation is projected to be the single, most expensive processing step, representing about 20% of the total cost. In addition, pretreatment has pervasive impacts on all other major operations in the overall conversion scheme from choice of feedstock through to size reduction, hydrolysis, and fermentation, and on to product recovery, residue processing, and co-product potential. A number of different pretreatments involving biological, chemical, physical, and thermal approaches have been investigated over the years, but only those that employ chemicals currently offer the high yields and low costs vital to economic success. Among the most promising are pretreatments using dilute acid, sulfur dioxide, near-neutral pH control, ammonia expansion, aqueous ammonia, and lime, with signifi cant differences among the sugar-release patterns. Although projected costs for these options are similar when applied to corn stover, a key need now is to dramatically improve our knowledge of these systems with the goal of advancing pretreatment to substantially reduce costs and to accelerate commercial applications. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Metals and women's health.

There is a lack of information concerning whether environmental-related health effects are more or less prevalent or manifested differently in women compared to men. Previously, most research in the area of toxicology and environmental and occupational health involved male subjects. The present work aims at reviewing exposure and health effects of cadmium, nickel, lead, mercury, and arsenic manifested differently in women than in men. The gender difference in exposure to nickel results in a much higher prevalence of nickel allergy and hand eczema in women than in men. The internal cadmium dose is generally higher in women than in men, due to a higher gastro-intestinal absorption at low iron stores. This was probably one major reason why Itai-itai disease was mainly a woman's disease. Yet, data are sparse regarding the risk for women relative to men to develop cadmium-induced kidney damage in populations exposed to low levels of cadmium. Lead is accumulated mainly in bone and increased endogenous lead exposure has been demonstrated in women during periods of increased bone turnover, e.g., menopause. Both lead and mercury exposure in pregnant women has to be kept low in order to prevent neurodevelopment effects in the developing fetus and child. Limited data indicate that women are more affected than men following exposure to methylmercury at adult age, while males seem to be more sensitive to exposure during early development. Regarding arsenic, some data indicate gender differences in the biotransformation by methylation, possibly also in susceptibility to certain arsenic-related cancers. Obviously, gender-related differences in exposure and health effects caused by metals are highly neglected research areas, which need considerable focus in the future.
Marx and the Dynamic of the Capital Formation

Marx's Critique of Abstraction * Capitalism's Process of Self-Mystification * Marx's Theoretical Process I: Abstraction and Representation * Marx's Theoretical Process II: Historicizing the Dialectic * Mediation as Allegory: Reading Political Economy Through the Artwork of Geoffrey Farmer * The Aesthetics of Political Economy * Mapping the Collective Subject
Research Guides: Political Science: U.S. Politics

Find political science data, articles, encyclopedias, handbooks and information about quantitative and qualitative research methods along with information on writing dissertations, publishing, and non-traditional research methods like digital scholarship
A Single Neuron PID Controller Based PMSM DTC Drive System Fed by Fault Tolerant 4-Switch 3-Phase Inverter

This paper presents an adaptive single neuron based PID speed controller to substitute the traditional PID controller usually used in the fault tolerant 4-switch 3-phase (4S3Ph) inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) direct torque control (DTC) drive system to improve the system performance. Based on the structure and principle analysis of the single neuron PID controller, a modified weight training algorithm is obtained by combining the supervisory delta learning rule with the non-supervisory Hebbian learning rule to achieve the controller parameters on-line self-study and optimization. The single neuron PID controller based 4S3Ph inverter fed PMSM DTC drive is modelled and studied by MATLAB/SIMULINK, simulation results show that both steady state and dynamic performance of the PMSM DTC drive system has been improved with stronger self-adaptivity and robustness comparing with the system utilizing traditional PID controller
Validity and applicability of a new recording method for hypertension.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Blood pressure measurement methods and conditions are determinants of hypertension diagnosis. A recent British guideline recommends systematic 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. However, these devices are not available at all health centers and they can only be used by 1 patient per day. The aim of this study was to test a new blood pressure recording method to see if it gave the same diagnostic results as 24-h blood pressure monitoring.


METHODS
One-hour blood pressure monitoring under routine clinical practice conditions was compared with standard method of day time recording by analyzing the coefficient of correlation and Bland-Altman plots. The Kappa index was used to calculate degree of agreement. Method sensitivity and specificity were also analyzed.


RESULTS
Of the 102 participants, 89 (87.3%) obtained the same diagnosis regardless of method, with high between-method agreement (κ= 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91). We observed robust correlations between diastolic (r=0.85) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.76) readings. Sensitivity and specificity for the new method for diagnosing white coat hypertension were 85.2% (95% confidence interval 67.5%-94.1%) and 92% (95% confidence interval, 83.6%-96.3%), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
One-hour blood pressure monitoring is a valid and reliable method for diagnosing hypertension and for classifying hypertension subpopulations, especially in white coat hypertension and refractory hypertension. This also leads to a more productive use of monitoring instruments.
Super tough double network hydrogels and their application as biomaterials

The double network (DN) technique, developed by authors’ group, provides an innovative and universal pass way to fabricate hydrogels with super high toughness comparable to rubbers. The excellent mechanical performances of DN hydrogels originate from the specific combination of two networks with contrasting structures. The first brittle network serves as sacrificial bonds, which breaks into small clusters to efficiently disperse the stress around the crack tip into the surrounding damage zone, while the second ductile polymer chains act as hidden length, which extends extensively to sustain large deformation. Based on the principle of DN hydrogel, the author’s group recently has developed several novel systems and techniques, which has greatly expanded the practical accessibility of DN technique for practical use. The DN principle and the DN gel have already attracted much attention in the soft matter community. Inspired by the DN principle, many research groups have also designed and developed some innovative hydrogels with large enhancement in their mechanical strength and toughness. Some tough hydrogels fabricated by the DN technique also exhibit good biocompatibility and low friction resistance with promising prospective in industrial and medicine fields, especially for load-bearing artificial soft tissues such as artificial cartilage. In this feature article, we address the major concept and toughening mechanism of DN gel, then we describe some recent novel hydrogel systems based on the DN concept, and finally the applicability of DN gel as soft biomaterials is discussed. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke.

This important reinterpretation of political theory from Hobbes to Locke not only freshly illuminates the thought of that period but throws new light on all that followed it.
On the Yang-Mills Functional over Open Four-Manifolds

This early trial has been withdrawn by the author. For a completed and published version cf. arXiv:math/0608597v5.