LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The decline in blood glucose levels is less with intermittent high-intensity compared with moderate exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the response of blood glucose levels to intermittent high-intensity exercise (IHE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MOD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seven healthy individuals with type 1 diabetes were tested on two separate occasions, during which either a 30-min MOD or IHE protocol was performed. MOD consisted of continuous exercise at 40% Vo(2peak), while the IHE protocol involved a combination of continuous exercise at 40% Vo(2peak) interspersed with 4-s sprints performed every 2 min to simulate the activity patterns of team sports.


RESULTS
Both exercise protocols resulted in a decline in blood glucose levels. However, the decline was greater with MOD (-4.4 +/- 1.2 mmol/l) compared with IHE (-2.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/l; P < 0.05), despite the performance of a greater amount of total work with IHE (P < 0.05). During 60 min of recovery from exercise, glucose levels remained higher in IHE compared with MOD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, glucose levels remained stable during recovery from IHE, while they continued to decrease after MOD (P < 0.05). The stabilization of blood glucose levels with IHE was associated with elevated levels of lactate, catecholamines, and growth hormone during early recovery from exercise (P < 0.05). There were no differences in free insulin, glucagon, cortisol, or free fatty acids between MOD and IHE.


CONCLUSIONS
The decline in blood glucose levels is less with IHE compared with MOD during both exercise and recovery in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
First report of a novel abluminal groove filled biodegradable polymer rapamycin-eluting stent in de novo coronary artery disease: results of the first in man FIREHAWK trial.

BACKGROUND
Durable polymers used for first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) potentially contribute to persistent inflammation and late DES thrombosis. We report the first in human experience with the rapamycin-eluting biodegradable polymer coated cobalt-chromium FIREHAWK stent with abluminal groove.


METHODS
A total of 21 patients with stable or unstable angina, or prior myocardial infarction, with single de novo native coronary stenoses < 30 mm in length in vessel sizes ranging from 2.25 to 4.0 mm were enrolled. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30 days defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (Q and non-Q), or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization. Secondary endpoints include device, lesion, and clinical success rates, 4-month in-stent late lumen loss by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), proportion of uncovered or malapposed stent struts by optical coherence tomograpphy (OCT) at 4 months, and MACE at 4, 12, 24 and 36-month follow-up.


RESULTS
Device success was 95.7%, lesion and clinical success was 100.0%. There were no MACE events at 30 days. One patient died of non-cardiac hemorrhagic stroke 5 days after index procedure. At 4 months, in-stent late loss was (0.13 ± 0.18) mm, and complete strut coverage was 96.2% by OCT with 0.1% strut malapposition. At 4-month follow-up there was no additional MACE events, and a single target vessel (non-target lesion) revascularization.


CONCLUSIONS
The FIREHAWK abluminal groove biodegradable polymer rapamycin-eluting stent demonstrated feasibility, safety and efficacy in this first in human experience. OCT findings indicated excellent stent strut coverage 4 months after implantation. Larger studies are required to confirm whether the early FIREHAWK stent results translate into longer term restenosis and thrombosis benefits.
Functional imaging using computer methods to compare the effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patient-specific airway models of COPD

BACKGROUND
Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide improve lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their bronchodilating effect has not yet been compared in the central and distal airways. Functional imaging using computational fluid dynamics offers the possibility of making such a comparison. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on the geometry and computational fluid dynamics-based resistance of the central and distal airways.


METHODS
Five patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage III COPD were randomized to a single dose of salbutamol or ipratropium bromide in a crossover manner with a 1-week interval between treatments. Patients underwent lung function testing and a multislice computed tomography scan of the thorax that was used for functional imaging. Two hours after dosing, the patients again underwent lung function tests and repeat computed tomography.


RESULTS
Lung function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second, vital capacity, overall airway resistance, and specific airway resistance, changed significantly after administration of each product. On functional imaging, the bronchodilating effect was greater in the distal airways, with a corresponding drop in airway resistance, compared with the central airways. Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide were equally effective at first glance when looking at lung function tests, but when viewed in more detail with functional imaging, hyporesponsiveness could be shown for salbutamol in one patient. Salbutamol was more effective in the other patients.


CONCLUSION
This pilot study gives an innovative insight into the modes of action of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD, using the new techniques of functional imaging and computational fluid dynamics.
Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech

To study relations between speech and emotion, it is necessary to have methods of describing emotion. Finding appropriate methods is not straightforward, and there are difficulties associated with the most familiar. The word emotion itself is problematic: a narrow sense is often seen as ‘‘correct’’, but it excludes what may be key areas in relation to speech––including states where emotion is present but not full-blown, and related states (e.g., arousal, attitude). Everyday emotion words form a rich descriptive system, but it is intractable because it involves so many categories, and the relationships among them are undefined. Several alternative types of description are available. Emotion-related biological changes are well documented, although reductionist conceptions of them are problematic. Psychology offers descriptive systems based on dimensions such as evaluation (positive or negative) and level of activation, or on logical elements that can be used to define an appraisal of the situation. Adequate descriptive systems need to recognise the importance of both time course and interactions involving multiple emotions and/or deliberate control. From these conceptions of emotion come various tools and techniques for describing particular episodes. Different tools and techniques are appropriate for different purposes. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Near-Field Acoustic Source Localization and Beamforming in Spherical Harmonics Domain

In this paper, we address the issue of near-field source localization using spherical microphone array. The spherical array has been widely used for far-field source localization due to ease of array processing in spherical harmonics domain. Various methods for far-field source localization has been reformulated in spherical harmonics domain. However, near-field source localization that involves joint estimation of range and bearing of the sources has hitherto not been investigated. In this paper, the near-field data model is developed in spherical harmonics domain. In particular, three methods that jointly estimate the range and bearing of multiple sources in the spherical array framework are proposed. Two subspace-based methods called the Spherical Harmonic MUltiple SIgnal Classification (SH-MUSIC) and the Spherical Harmonics MUSIC-Group Delay (SH-MGD) for near-field source localization are first presented. In addition, a method for near-field source localization and beamforming using Spherical Harmonic MVDR (SH-MVDR) is also formulated. Formulation and analysis of Cramér-Rao bound for near-field sources is presented in spherical harmonics domain. Various source localization experiments were conducted on simulated and signal acquired over spherical microphone array in an anechoic chamber. Root-mean-square error and probability of resolution are utilized as measures to evaluate the proposed methods. The significance and practical application of the proposed methods is discussed using experiment on interference suppression. The near-field SH-MVDR beamforming is utilized in this context.
Geodetic Graphs Homeomorphic to a Given Geodetic Graph

This paper describes a new approach to the problem of generating the class of all geodetic graphs homeomorphic to a given geodetic one. An algorithmic procedure is elaborated to carry out a systematic finding of such a class of graphs. As a result, the enumeration of the class of geodetic graphs homeomorphic to certain Moore graphs has been performed.
Paraoxonase 2 is down-regulated by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorumsensing signal N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and attenuates oxidative stress induced by pyocyanin.

Two virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are pyocyanin and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12). Pyocyanin damages host cells by generating ROS (reactive oxygen species). 3OC12 is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule which regulates bacterial gene expression and modulates host immune responses. PON2 (paraoxonase-2) is an esterase that inactivates 3OC12 and potentially attenuates Ps. aeruginosa virulence. Because increased intracellular Ca2+ initiates the degradation of PON2 mRNA and protein and 3OC12 causes increases in cytosolic Ca2+, we hypothesized that 3OC12 would also down-regulate PON2. 3OC12 and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 caused a rapid cytosolic Ca2+ influx and down-regulated PON2 mRNA, protein and hydrolytic activity in A549 and EA.hy 926 cells. The decrease in PON2 hydrolytic activity was much more extensive and rapid than decreases in protein, suggesting a rapid post-translational mechanism which blocks PON2's hydrolytic activity. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM [1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester)] diminished the ability of 3OC12 to decrease PON2, demonstrating that the effects are mediated by Ca2+. PON2 also has antioxidative properties and we show that it protects cells from pyocyanin-induced oxidative stress. Knockdown of PON2 by transfecting cells with siRNA (small interfering RNA) rendered them more sensitive to, whereas overexpression of PON2 protected cells from, pyocyanin-induced ROS formation. Additionally, 3OC12 potentiated pyocyanin-induced ROS formation, presumably by inactivating PON2. These findings support a key role for PON2 in the defence against Ps. aeruginosa virulence, but also reveal a mechanism by which the bacterium may subvert the protection afforded by PON2.
U.S. medical resident familiarity with national tuberculosis guidelines

BackgroundThe ability of medical residents training at U.S. urban medical centers to diagnose and manage tuberculosis cases has important public health implications. We assessed medical resident knowledge about tuberculosis diagnosis and early management based on American Thoracic Society guidelines.MethodsA 20-question tuberculosis knowledge survey was administered to 131 medical residents during a single routinely scheduled teaching conference at four different urban medical centers in Baltimore and Philadelphia. Survey questions were divided into 5 different subject categories. Data was collected pertaining to institution, year of residency training, and self-reported number of patients managed for tuberculosis within the previous year. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to detect differences in median percent of questions answered correctly based on these variables.ResultsThe median percent of survey questions answered correctly for all participating residents was 55%. Medical resident knowledge about tuberculosis did not improve with increasing post-graduate year of training or greater number of patients managed for tuberculosis within the previous year. Common areas of knowledge deficiency included the diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection (median percent correct, 40.7%), as well as the interpretation of negative acid-fast sputum smear samples.ConclusionMany medical residents lack adequate knowledge of recommended guidelines for the management of tuberculosis. Since experience during training influences future practice pattterns, education of medical residents on guidelines for detection and early management of tuberculosis may be important for future improvements in national tuberculosis control strategies.
Using weather ensemble predictions in electricity demand forecasting

Weather forecasts are an important input to many electricity demand forecasting models. This study investigates the use of weather ensemble predictions in electricity demand forecasting for lead times from one to 10 days ahead. A weather ensemble prediction consists of 51 scenarios for a weather variable. We use these scenarios to produce 51 scenarios for the weather-related component of electricity demand. The results show that the average of the demand scenarios is a more accurate demand forecast than that produced using traditional weather forecasts. We use the distribution of the demand scenarios to estimate the demand forecast uncertainty. This compares favourably with estimates produced using univariate volatility forecasting methods.
Effects of botulinum toxin type A on bilateral masseteric hypertrophy evaluated with computed tomographic measurement.

BACKGROUND
A paucity of reports exist on the use of botulinum toxin type A injections as an alternative noninvasive treatment for masseteric hypertrophy.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A on masseteric hypertrophy using computed tomography.


METHODS
Percutaneous intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A of 30 U per side was carried out in 11 subjects with masseteric hypertrophy. The changes in the masseteric muscle volume before and 12 weeks after injection were evaluated using computed tomography. The changes in the lower facial contours on the photographs were evaluated as excellent, good, fair, and no changes.


RESULTS
Nine of the 11 subjects showed a mean reduction of approximately 22% in the masseteric muscle volume. The maximum reduction was 35.4% (range, 8.1% to 35.4%). Nine subjects showed aesthetically good results with a grade of good or excellent at 12 weeks after treatment.


CONCLUSION
Botulinum toxin injections are a noninvasive alternative method for treating masseteric hypertrophy.
Orthopaedic management improves the rate of early osteoporosis treatment after hip fracture. A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Although osteoporosis is strongly associated with hip fractures, the initiation of osteoporosis treatment following hip fractures occurs at surprisingly low rates of between 5% and 30%. Currently, most patients receiving treatment have been referred back to their primary care physician for osteoporosis management. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of osteoporosis management initiated by the orthopaedic team and osteoporosis management initiated by the primary care physician on the rates of treatment at six months.


METHODS
A prospective randomized trial was conducted to assess the difference in the rate of osteoporosis treatment when an in-house assessment of osteoporosis was initiated by the orthopaedic surgeon and follow-up was conducted in a specialized orthopaedic osteoporosis clinic compared with osteoporosis education and "usual" care.


RESULTS
Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty-one patients each were in the control and intervention groups. The percentage of patients who were on pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis at six months after the fracture was significantly greater when the evaluation was initiated by the orthopaedic surgeon and was managed in a specialized orthopaedic osteoporosis clinic (58%) than when treatment was managed by a primary care physician (29%) (p = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
An active role by orthopaedic surgeons in the management of osteoporosis improves the rate of treatment at six months following a hip fracture.
PREDICTIVE PREEMPTIVE AD HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING

Routing protocols for ad hoc networks typically include mechanisms for route discovery and route maintenance. The performance of these protocols depends on the route maintenance mechanism they use. The movement of network nodes can cause routes to become unusable. A node on a route from a source to a destination may become unreachable from its predecessor node because of node movement. In this paper, we propose a predictive preemptive approach to route maintenance. Route maintenance is initiated when a link break is expected rather than waiting for the break to happen. To evaluate the approach, we have added it to the AODV routing protocol, and evaluated its impact on performance using detailed simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can be expected to improve performance significantly. It can reduce communication overhead, decrease the number of breaks in active links, reduce end-to-end packet delays, and improve packet delivery ratio.
Satisfiability Solvers

The past few years have seen an enormous progress in the performance of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers. Despite the worst-case exponential run time of all known algorithms, satisfiability solvers are increasingly leaving their mark as a general-purpose tool in areas as diverse as software and hardware verification [29–31, 228], automatic test pattern generation [138, 221], planning [129, 197], scheduling [103], and even challenging problems from algebra [238]. Annual SAT competitions have led to the development of dozens of clever implementations of such solvers [e. and the creation of an extensive suite of real-world instances as well as challenging hand-crafted benchmark problems [cf. 115]. Modern SAT solvers provide a " black-box " procedure that can often solve hard structured problems with over a million variables and several million constraints. In essence, SAT solvers provide a generic combinatorial reasoning and search platform. The underlying representational formalism is propositional logic. However, the full potential of SAT solvers only becomes apparent when one considers their use in applications that are not normally viewed as propositional reasoning tasks. For example, consider AI planning, which is a PSPACE-complete problem. By restricting oneself to polynomial size plans, one obtains an NP-complete reasoning problem , easily encoded as a Boolean satisfiability problem, which can be given to a SAT solver [128, 129]. In hardware and software verification, a similar strategy leads one to consider bounded model checking, where one places a bound on the length of possible error traces one is willing to consider [30]. Another example of a recent application of SAT solvers is in computing stable models used in the answer set programming paradigm, a powerful knowledge representation and reasoning approach [81]. In these applications—planning, verification, and answer set programming—the translation into a propositional representation (the " SAT encoding ") is done automatically
The Impact of Learning Communities on First Year Students’ Growth and Development in College

This study investigated the direct and indirect relationships between participating in a learning community, student engagement, and self-reported learning outcomes. Using a sample of 241 freshmen at a single urban research university who took the College Student Experiences Questionnaire, the results indicate that after controlling for demographic characteristics and entering composite ACT score, the relationship between learning community participation and learning outcomes are mediated by students’ levels of engagement. Learning community participation was not directly related to educational gains but was indirectly related to educational gains through student engagement. Student engagement in turn was strongly related to educational gains.
Chapter 3 Modeling Individual Animal Histories with Multistate Capture–Recapture Models

This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Ecological Research, Vol. 41, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator.
Magnetic Bearing Configurations: Theoretical and Experimental Studies

A radial magnetic bearing, consisting of two permanent magnets, is an attractive choice because of its zero wear, negligible friction, and low cost, but it suffers from low load capacity, low radial stiffness, lack of damping, and high axial instability. To enhance the radial load and radial stiffness, and reduce the axial thrust, we have made a theoretical and experimental study of various radial configurations, including hydrodynamic lubrication to improve dynamic performance of the magnetic bearing. We developed an experimental setup to investigate the performance of bearing configurations under different operating conditions. The motion of a rotating shaft is mapped by two displacement sensors with a data acquisition system and personal computer. The first critical speed of each configuration is determined experimentally and verified through frequency analysis. We present a polar plot of displacement data.
A fast computation of pairwise sequence alignment scores between a protein and a set of single-locus variants of another protein

Recently we have developed a new algorithm, PROVEAN (<u>Pro</u>tein <u>V</u>ariation <u>E</u>ffect <u>An</u>alyzer), for predicting the functional effect of protein sequence variations, including single amino acid substitutions and small insertions and deletions [2]. The prediction is based on the change, caused by a given variation, in the similarity of the query sequence to a set of its related protein sequences. For this prediction, the algorithm is required to compute a semi-global pairwise sequence alignment score between the query sequence and each of the related sequences. Using dynamic programming, it takes O(n · m) time to compute alignment score between the query sequence Q of length n and a related sequence S of length m. Thus given l different variations in Q, in a naive way it would take O(l · n · m) time to compute the alignment scores between each of the variant query sequences and S. In this paper, we present a new approach to efficiently compute the pairwise alignment scores for l variations, which takes O((n + l) · m) time when the length of variations is bounded by a constant. In this approach, we further utilize the solutions of overlapping subproblems, which are already used by dynamic programming approach. Our algorithm has been used to build a new database for precomputed prediction scores for all possible single amino acid substitutions, single amino acid insertions, and up to 10 amino acids deletions in about 91K human proteins (including isoforms), where l becomes very large, that is, l = O(n). The PROVEAN source code and web server are available at http://provean.jcvi.org.