LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue under xeno-free conditions for cell therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Human platelet lysate represents an efficient alternative to fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of MSCs. Different media used in culture processes should maintain the biological characteristics of MSCs during multiple passages. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs have not yet been directly compared with each other under human platelet lysate conditions. This study aims to conduct a direct head-to-head comparison of the biological characteristics of the two types of MSCs under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions for their ability to be used in regenerative medicine applications. The bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs were cultured under human platelet lysate conditions and their biological characteristics evaluated for cell therapy (morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit-fibroblast efficiency, proliferation capacity, potential for mesodermal differentiation, secreted proteins, and immunomodulatory effects). Under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions, bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs exhibited similar fibroblast-like morphology and expression patterns of surface markers. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had greater proliferative potential than bone marrow-derived MSCs, while no significantly difference in colony efficiency were observed between the two types of cells. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs possessed higher capacity toward osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared with adipose tissue-derived MSCs, while similar adipogenic differentiation potential wase observed between the two types of cells. There were some differences between bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs for several secreted proteins, such as cytokine (interferon-γ), growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and chemokine (stem cell-derived factor-1). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had more potent immunomodulatory effects than bone marrow-derived MSCs. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs have biological advantages in the proliferative capacity, secreted proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon-γ, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and immunomodulatory effects, but bone marrow-derived MSCs have advantages in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential and secreted proteins (stem cell-derived factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor); these biological advantages should be considered systematically when choosing the MSC source for specific clinical application.
Integrating Rules in Term Subsumption Knowledge Representation Servers

This paper addresses the integration of services for rule-based reasoning in knowledge representation servers based on term subsumption languages. As an alternative to previous constructions of rules as concept→concept links, a mechanism is proposed based on intensional roles implementing the axiom of comprehension in set theory. This has the benefit of providing both rules as previously defined, and set aggregation, using a simple mechanism that is of identical computational complexity to that for rules alone. The extensions proposed have been implemented as part of KRS, a knowledge representation server written as a class library in C++. The paper gives an example of their application to the ripple-down rule technique for large-scale knowledge base operation, acquisition and maintenance.
Bioorthogonal Chemistry—Introduction and Overview [corrected].

Bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a new powerful tool that facilitates the study of structure and function of biomolecules in their native environment. A wide variety of bioorthogonal reactions that can proceed selectively and efficiently under physiologically relevant conditions are now available. The common features of these chemical reactions include: fast kinetics, tolerance to aqueous environment, high selectivity and compatibility with naturally occurring functional groups. The design and development of new chemical transformations in this direction is an important step to meet the growing demands of chemical biology. This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the field by providing an overview on general principles and strategies used in bioorthogonal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to cycloaddition reactions, namely to 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions, as chemical transformations that play a predominant role in modern bioconjugation chemistry. The recent advances have established these reactions as an invaluable tool in modern bioorthogonal chemistry. The key aspects of the methodology as well as future outlooks in the field are discussed.
Dynamic User Equilibrium Model for Combined Activity-Travel Choices Using Activity-Travel Supernetwork Representation

Integrated urban transportation models have several benefits over sequential models including consistent solutions, quicker convergence, and more realistic representation of behavior. Static models have been integrated using the concept of Supernetworks. However integrated dynamic transport models are less common. In this paper, activity location, time of participation, duration, and route choice decisions are jointly modeled in a single unified dynamic framework referred to as Activity-Travel Networks (ATNs). ATNs is a type of Supernetwork where virtual links representing activity choices are added to augment the travel network to represent additional choice dimensions. Each route in the augmented network represents a set of travel and activity arcs. Therefore, choosing a route is analogous to choosing an activity location, duration, time of participation, and travel route. A cell-based transmission model (CTM) is embedded to capture the traffic flow dynamics. The dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) behavior requires that all used routes (activity-travel sequences) provide equal and greater utility compared to unused routes. An equivalent variational inequality problem is obtained. A solution method based on route-swapping algorithm is tested on a hypothetical network under different demand levels and parameter assumptions.
Box 1 Common complications of Botox treatment

Americans spent $11 billion on cosmetic surgery procedures in 2007. Almost 3 billion of those dollars were spent on minimally invasive procedures, of which injectable facial fillers and botulinum toxin type A (Botox) were the most popular. Injectables (fillers and Botox) have fueled the fires of the popularity of cosmetic facial surgery. They have provided more options to patients and surgeons and provided quick, affordable, predictable, and long-lasting improvement of facial wrinkles and lip augmentation. Even in sour economies, patients want to look good and although they may not have money to spend on surgical procedures, injectable treatments remain popular. This article addresses common complications of injectable fillers and Botox.
Isometric yoga improves the fatigue and pain of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who are resistant to conventional therapy: a randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often complain of persistent fatigue even after conventional therapies such as pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, or graded exercise therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate in a randomized, controlled trial the feasibility and efficacy of isometric yoga in patients with CFS who are resistant to conventional treatments.


METHODS
This trial enrolled 30 patients with CFS who did not have satisfactory improvement after receiving conventional therapy for at least six months. They were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with either conventional pharmacotherapy (control group, n = 15) or conventional therapy together with isometric yoga practice that consisted of biweekly, 20-minute sessions with a yoga instructor and daily in-home sessions (yoga group, n = 15) for approximately two months. The short-term effect of isometric yoga on fatigue was assessed by administration of the Profile of Mood Status (POMS) questionnaire immediately before and after the final 20-minute session with the instructor. The long-term effect of isometric yoga on fatigue was assessed by administration of the Chalder's Fatigue Scale (FS) questionnaire to both groups before and after the intervention. Adverse events and changes in subjective symptoms were recorded for subjects in the yoga group.


RESULTS
All subjects completed the intervention. The mean POMS fatigue score decreased significantly (from 21.9 ± 7.7 to 13.8 ± 6.7, P < 0.001) after a yoga session. The Chalder's FS score decreased significantly (from 25.9 ± 6.1 to 19.2 ± 7.5, P = 0.002) in the yoga group, but not in the control group. In addition to the improvement of fatigue, two patients with CFS and fibromyalgia syndrome in the yoga group also reported pain relief. Furthermore, many subjects reported that their bodies became warmer and lighter after practicing isometric yoga. Although there were no serious adverse events in the yoga group, two patients complained of tiredness and one of dizziness after the first yoga session with the instructor.


CONCLUSIONS
Isometric yoga as an add-on therapy is both feasible and successful at relieving the fatigue and pain of a subset of therapy-resistant patients with CFS.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000009646.
Competitive Rumor Spread in Social Networks

We consider a setting in which two firms compete to spread rumors in a social network. Firms seed their rumors simultaneously and rumors propagate according to the linear threshold model. Consumers have (randomly drawn) heterogeneous thresholds for each product. Using the concept of cascade centrality introduced by [6], we provide a sharp characterization of networks in which games admit purestrategy Nash equilibria (PSNE). We provide tight bounds for the efficiency of these equilibria and for the inequality in firms' equilibrium payoffs. When the network is a tree, the model is particularly tractable.
Association between feeding difficulties and language delay in preterm infants using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between abnormal feeding patterns and language performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition at 18-22 months adjusted age among a cohort of extremely premature infants.


STUDY DESIGN
This is a descriptive analysis of 1477 preterm infants born ≤ 26 weeks gestation or enrolled in a clinical trial between January 1, 2006 and March 18, 2008 at a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network center who completed the 18-month neurodevelopmental follow-up assessment. At 18-22 months adjusted age, a comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed by certified examiners including the Receptive and Expressive Language Subscales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition and a standardized adjusted age feeding behaviors and nutritional intake. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multilevel linear and logistic regression modeling.


RESULTS
Abnormal feeding behaviors were reported in 193 (13%) of these infants at 18-22 months adjusted age. Abnormal feeding patterns, days of mechanical ventilation, hearing impairment, and Gross Motor Functional Classification System level ≥ 2 each independently predicted lower composite language scores.


CONCLUSIONS
At 18 months adjusted age, premature infants with a history of feeding difficulties are more likely to have language delay. Neuromotor impairment and days of mechanical ventilation are both important risk factors associated with these outcomes.
A Fast String-Searching Algorithm for Multiple Patterns

Abstract-The string-searching problem is to find all occurrences of pattern(s) in a text string. The Aho-Corasick string searching algorithm simultaneously finds all occurrences of multiple patterns in one pass through the text. On the other hand, the Boyer-Moore algorithm is understood to be the fastest algorithm for a single pattern. By combining the ideas of these two algorithms, we present an efficient string searching algorithm for multiple patterns. The algorithm runs in sublinear time, on the average, as the BM algorithm achieves, and its preprocessing time is linear proportional to the sum of the lengths of the patterns like the AC algorithm.
Lacosamide Pharmacokinetics in a Critically Ill Patient Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration.

Lacosamide is a new-generation antiepileptic drug (AED) that is eliminated by both hepatic and renal mechanisms. Lacosamide elimination by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has never been studied. The objective of this case report was to describe lacosamide pharmacokinetics in the setting of CRRT. We describe a single patient admitted to the study center with status epilepticus and multiorgan failure. The patient required both continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and several AEDs. He was receiving intravenous lacosamide 200 mg twice/day at steady state prior to sampling. Plasma lacosamide concentrations were derived using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Parameters were calculated using Phoenix WinNonlin 7.1 software. The peak concentration at steady state was 7.7 mg/L, the trough concentration was 5.9 mg/L (goal 5-12 mg/L). The volume of distribution was 0.7 L/kg, the elimination half-life was 21 hours, and the sieving coefficient was 0.8 (± 0.06). Lacosamide was cleared by CVVH as demonstrated by the sieving coefficient, but plasma concentrations remained within goal range throughout the dosing interval. These results may suggest that lacosamide 200 mg twice/day is a useful dosing strategy for critically ill patients who require CVVH.
Frequency of oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity by immunohistochemical analysis in 7016 breast carcinomas: correlation with patient age, assay sensitivity, threshold value, and mammographic screening.

AIMS
A routine immunohistochemical (IHC) assay is now commonly used for determining the oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of women with breast cancer. To date, no large studies have been conducted that report the expected frequency of receptor positivity in relation to patient age and sensitivity of the IHC assay. Data on 7016 breast carcinomas from 71 laboratories were analysed to determine the frequency of receptor positivity and investigate possible causes of the observed variation in detection rates.


METHODS
Members of UK NEQAS-ICC (UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunocytochemistry) provided data on the receptor status of cases routinely assayed in their departments over a period of two to 26 months between June 1996 and September 1998. Data on 7016 breast carcinomas were stratified according to patient age and receptor status. Frequency of receptor positivity was correlated with IHC assay sensitivity, the threshold value used to determine receptor positivity, and the presence or absence of mammographic screening in the hospitals or clinics served by the laboratories.


RESULTS
The highest proportion of receptor positive cases occurred in patients in the age ranges > 65 years for ER and 41-50 years for PR. There was a significant positive correlation between frequency of receptor positivity and the sensitivity of the IHC assay, for both ER (rs = 0.346; p = 0.019; two tailed) and PR (rs = 0.561; p = 0.003; two tailed). The mean frequency of receptor positivity for laboratories using the same 10% threshold value was 77% for ER (95% confidence interval (CI), 74% to 80%) in laboratories with high sensitivity and 72% (95% CI, 68% to 76%) for those with low assay sensitivity (p = 0.025). For PR, the mean frequency of receptor positivity for laboratories using the same 10% threshold value and having high assay sensitivity was 63% (95% CI, 57% to 69%), and 51% (95% CI, 38% to 65%) for laboratories with assays of low sensitivity (p = 0.022). The mean frequency of ER positivity for laboratories serving hospitals and clinics where mammographic screening does and does not take place was 73.4% and 75.7%, respectively (p = 0.302; two tailed).


CONCLUSIONS
Of the parameters investigated, patient age and IHC assay sensitivity were found to be the main variables influencing the frequency of receptor positivity. We recommend the range of receptor values obtained by laboratories achieving high assay sensitivity as a useful guide against which all laboratories can gauge their own results.
An Introduction to the Worldline Technique for Quantum Field Theory Calculations

These two lectures give a pedagogical introduction to the ``string-inspired'' worldline technique for perturbative calculations in quantum field theory. This includes an overview over the present range of its applications. Several examples are calculated in detail, up to the three-loop level. The emphasis is on photon scattering in quantum electrodynamics.
Mark Twain's "Which Was the Dream?" and Other Symbolic Writings of the Later Years

Introduction THE TEXTS Which Was the Dream? The Enchanted Sea-Wilderness An Adventure in Remote Seas The Great Dark Indiantown Which Was It? Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes APPENDIX The Passenger's Story The Mad Passenger Dying Deposition Trial of the Squire
Conceptual problems of fractal cosmology

Abstract This report continues the recent Peebles–Turner debate ‘Is cosmology solved?’ and considers the first results for Sandage's programme for ‘Practical cosmology’. A review of conceptual problems of modern cosmological models is given, among them: the nature of space expansion; recession velocities of distant galaxies greater than the velocity of light; the cosmological Friedmann force; continuous creation of gravitating mass in Friedmaan's equation; cosmological pressure is not able to produce work; cosmological gravitational frequency shift; the Friedmann–Holtsmark paradox; the problem of the cosmological constant; Einstein's and Mandelbrot's cosmological principles; the fractality of the observed galaxy distribution; Sandage's 21st problem, the Hubble–de Vaucouleurs paradox; and the quantum nature of the gravity force.
Time-varying risk The case of the American computer industry

A bivariate GARCH-in-mean model for individual stock returns and the market portfolio is designed to model volatility and to test the conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model versus the conditional Residual Risk Model. We find that a univariate model of volatility for individual stock returns is misspecified. A joint modelling of the market return and the individual stock return shows that a major force driving the conditional variances of individual stocks is the history contained in the market return variance. We find that a conditional residual risk model, where the variance of the individual stock return is used to explain expected returns, is preferred to a conditional CAPM. We propose a partial ordering of securities according to their market risk using first and second order dominance criteria. JEL classification: C22; G12
RFID in textile and clothing manufacturing: technology and challenges

Introduction The rapid pace at which the technological innovations are being introduced in the world poses a potential challenge to the retailer, supplier, and enterprises. In the field of Information Technology (IT) there is a rapid growth in the last 30 years (Want 2006; Landt 2005). One of the most promising technological innovations in IT is radio frequency identification (RFID) (Dutta et al. 2007; Whitaker et al. 2007; Bottani et al. 2009). The RFID technology was evolved in 1945 as an espionage tool invented by Leon Theremin for the Soviet Government (Nikitin et al. 2013, Tedjini et al. 2012). At that time it was mainly used by the military. The progress in microchip design, antenna technology and radio spread spectrum pushed it into various applications like supply chain management, retail, automatic toll collection by tunnel companies, animal tracking, ski lift access, tracking library books, theft prevention, vehicle immobilizer systems, railway rolling stock identification, movement tracking, security, healthcare, printing, textiles and clothing (Weinstein 2005; Liu and Miao 2006; Rao et al. 2005; Wu et al. 2009; Tan 2008). RFID can make the companies more competitive by changing the related processes in supply chain, manufacturing and retailing. Abstract
Lipid-altering efficacy and safety profile of co-administered extended release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.

BACKGROUND
Extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT) reduces flushing and preserves the lipid-modifying effects of ERN. This study compared the efficacy and safety of ERN/LRPT plus simvastatin (ERN/LRPT+SIMVA) with atorvastatin (ATORVA) in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.


METHODS
After a 4-week placebo run-in, 2340 patients (LDL-C ≥ 130 and ≤ 190 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 and ≤ 500 mg/dL and above NCEP ATP III risk-based LDL-C goal) were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment arms: ERN/LRPT 1g/20mg+SIMVA (10 or 20mg), or ATORVA (10, 20, 40, or 80 mg) once daily.


RESULTS
At Week 12, ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was superior to ATORVA in decreasing LDL-C/HDL-C (primary endpoint) at each pre-specified dose comparison: ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 20mg vs. ATORVA 10mg (-13.2%; p<0.001); ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg vs. ATORVA 20mg (-10.8%; p<0.001); ATORVA 40 mg (-5.1%; p<0.001); and ATORVA 80 mg (-4.2%; p=0.007). At Week 12, ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was superior to ATORVA in increasing HDL-C and reducing TG for all pre-specified treatment comparisons, and reducing non-HDL-C and LDL-C for the ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 20mg versus ATORVA 10mg and ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg versus ATORVA 20-mg dose comparisons, but not the ERN/LRPT+SIMVA 40 mg versus ATORVA 40- and 80-mg dose comparisons. Adverse experiences (AEs) typically associated with niacin (flushing, pruritus, increased glucose, increased uric acid) were more common with ERN/LRPT+SIMVA, and hepatic-related laboratory AEs were more common with ATORVA.


CONCLUSION
ERN/LRPT+SIMVA was generally superior to ATORVA in improving lipid parameters after 12 weeks and was generally well tolerated in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.
Circular Polarization Reconfigurable Wideband E-Shaped Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

A polarization reconfigurable E-shaped patch antenna with wideband performance is proposed in this communication. The antenna is capable of switching its polarization from right hand circular polarization (RHCP) to left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and vice versa. Its structure is simple and consists of a single-layer single-feed E-shaped patch and two RF switches placed at appropriate locations in the slots. The design targets the WLAN IEEE 802.11 b/g frequency band (2.4-2.5 GHz) being used in various wireless communication systems. Full wave simulation is used for the antenna analysis, and a prototype of the antenna with an integrated DC biasing circuit has been fabricated and tested. Good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results. The antenna exhibits a 7% effective bandwidth from 2.4 GHz to 2.57 GHz with a 8.7 dBic maximum gain. The antenna radiation symmetry is maintained upon switching between the two circular polarization modes.