LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quantum non-demolition detection of single microwave photons in a circuit

Thorough control of quantum measurement is key to the development of quantum information technologies.Manymeasurements are destructive, removing more information from the system than they obtain. Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements allow repeated measurements that give the same eigenvalue1. They could be used for several quantum information processing tasks such as error correction2, preparation by measurement3 and one-way quantum computing4. Achieving QND measurements of photons is especially challenging because the detector must be completely transparent to the photons while still acquiring information about them5,6. Recent progress in manipulating microwave photons in superconducting circuits7–9 has increased demand for a QND detector that operates in the gigahertz frequency range. Here we demonstrate a QND detection scheme that measures the number of photons inside a high-quality-factor microwave cavity on a chip. This schememaps a photon number, n, onto a qubit state in a single-shot bymeans of qubit–photon logic gates.Weverify the operation of the device for n=0 and 1 by analysing the average correlations of repeated measurements, and show that it is 90% QND. It differs from previously reported detectors5,8–11 because its sensitivity is strongly selective to chosen photon number states. This scheme could be used to monitor the state of a photon-basedmemory in a quantum computer. Several teams have engineered detectors that are sensitive to single microwave photons by strongly coupling atoms (or qubits) to high-quality-factor (high-Q) cavities. This architecture, known as cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED), can be used in various ways to detect photons. One destructive method measures quantum Rabi oscillations of an atom or qubit resonantly coupled to the cavity8–10. The oscillation frequency is proportional to √ n, where n is the number of photons in the cavity, so this method essentiallymeasures the time-domain swap frequency. Another method uses a dispersive interaction tomap the photon number in the cavity onto the phase difference of a superposition of atomic states (|g 〉+eiφ |e〉)/ √ 2. Each photon number n corresponds to a different phase φ, so repeated Ramsey experiments5 can be used to estimate the phase and extract n. This method is QND, because it does not exchange energy between the atom and photon. However, as the phase cannot be measured in a single operation, it does not extract full information about a particular Fock state |n〉 in a single interrogation. Nonetheless, using Rydberg atoms in cavity QED, remarkable experiments have shown quantum jumps of light and the collapse of the photon number bymeasurement5,12. Here we report a new method that implements a set of programmable controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations between an
Disturbance-free operation of a six-phase ac motor drive system

This paper investigates the voltage and current control of a six-phase induction motor drive under fault conditions. The control strategies allow for continuous and disturbance free-operation of the drive without additional hardware connections with complete loss of one, two or three legs of the inverter or motor phases. The controls presented here is designed for open loop torque control strategies (like Volts/Hz control), but can be very useful for direct torque control or even field oriented control strategies. A complete analysis of voltage and current controls are presented. Experimental and simulations results demonstrate the validity of the proposed systems.
Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnotic medications are efficacious for short-term treatment of insomnia, but few patients achieve complete remission with any single treatment. It is unclear whether combined or maintenance therapies would enhance outcome.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the added value of medication over CBT alone for acute treatment of insomnia and the effects of maintenance therapies on long-term outcome.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 2-stage therapy for 160 adults with persistent insomnia treated at a university hospital sleep center in Canada between January 2002 and April 2005.


INTERVENTIONS
Participants received CBT alone or CBT plus 10 mg/d (taken at bedtime) of zolpidem for an initial 6-week therapy, followed by extended 6-month therapy. Patients initially treated with CBT attended monthly maintenance CBT for 6 months or received no additional treatment and those initially treated with combined therapy (CBT plus 10 mg/d of zolpidem) continued with CBT plus intermittent use of zolpidem or CBT only.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Sleep onset latency, time awake after sleep onset, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency derived from daily diaries (primary outcomes); treatment response and remission rates derived from the Insomnia Severity Index (secondary outcomes).


RESULTS
Cognitive behavioral therapy used singly or in combination with zolpidem produced significant improvements in sleep latency, time awake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency during initial therapy (all P<.001); a larger increase of sleep time was obtained with the combined approach (P = .04). Both CBT alone and CBT plus zolpidem produced similar rates of treatment responders (60% [45/75] vs 61% [45/74], respectively; P = .84) and treatment remissions (39% [29/75] vs 44% [33/74], respectively; P = .52) with the 6-week acute treatment, but combined therapy produced a higher remission rate compared with CBT alone during the 6-month extended therapy phase and the 6-month follow-up period (56% [43/74 and 32/59] vs 43% [34/75 and 28/68]; P = .05). The best long-term outcome was obtained with patients treated with combined therapy initially, followed by CBT alone, as evidenced by higher remission rates at the 6-month follow-up compared with patients who continued to take zolpidem during extended therapy (68% [20/30] vs 42% [12/29]; P = .04).


CONCLUSION
In patients with persistent insomnia, the addition of medication to CBT produced added benefits during acute therapy, but long-term outcome was optimized when medication is discontinued during maintenance CBT.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00042146.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy: clinicopathologic correlates of outcome.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
To determine clinical and pathological correlates of outcome among patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective review.


METHODS
The medical records of 61 patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for localized mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland were retrospectively reviewed in an attempt to identify clinicopathologic correlates of overall survival. Secondary endpoints included local-regional control, distant metastasis-free survival, and complications.


RESULTS
The 3- and 5-year estimates of overall survival were 85% and 79%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified high tumor grade (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.92) and T4 disease (HR = 3.35) as independent predictors of decreased survival, with the former also predicting for distant metastasis and the latter predicting for local-regional recurrence. The 5-year estimate of overall survival was 83% for patients with non-high-grade tumors, compared to 52% for those with high-grade histology (P = 0.001). Late complications included trismus (2 patients), osteoradionecrosis (1 patient), and hearing loss (1 patient).


CONCLUSION
Patients with high-grade tumors and T4 disease are at increased risk for treatment failure after surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. Investigative strategies to improve outcome should be considered for these particular patients in the future.
Self-organization mechanism of SME independent innovation and venture capital

In the process of SME innovation and growth, venture capital plays an indispensable role. Although the research is quite mature on venture capital and innovation, systematic analysis is relatively scarce on links between venture capital and small business independent innovation yet. Grouned on existing research achievement, from the angle of the self-organization theory, the paper expounds the links between the two areas.
Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: a Phase II randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
The development of widely accessible, effective psychological interventions for depression is a priority. This randomized trial provides the first controlled data on an innovative cognitive bias modification (CBM) training guided self-help intervention for depression.


METHOD
One hundred and twenty-one consecutively recruited participants meeting criteria for current major depression were randomly allocated to treatment as usual (TAU) or to TAU plus concreteness training (CNT) guided self-help or to TAU plus relaxation training (RT) guided self-help. CNT involved repeated practice at mental exercises designed to switch patients from an unhelpful abstract thinking habit to a helpful concrete thinking habit, thereby targeting depressogenic cognitive processes (rumination, overgeneralization).


RESULTS
The addition of CNT to TAU significantly improved depressive symptoms at post-treatment [mean difference on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) 4.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-7.26], 3- and 6-month follow-ups, and for rumination and overgeneralization post-treatment. There was no difference in the reduction of symptoms between CNT and RT (mean difference on the HAMD 1.98, 95% CI -1.14 to 5.11), although CNT significantly reduced rumination and overgeneralization relative to RT post-treatment, suggesting a specific benefit on these cognitive processes.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides preliminary evidence that CNT guided self-help may be a useful addition to TAU in treating major depression in primary care, although the effect was not significantly different from an existing active treatment (RT) matched for structural and common factors. Because of its relative brevity and distinct format, it may have value as an additional innovative approach to increase the accessibility of treatment choices for depression.
Psychosocial Constructs and Postintervention Changes in Physical Activity and Dietary Outcomes in a Lifestyle Intervention, Hub City Steps, 2010

INTRODUCTION
Although modifications to dietary and physical activity (PA) behavior can reduce blood pressure, racial disparities in prevalence and control of hypertension persist. Psychosocial constructs (PSCs) of self-regulation, processes of change, and social support are associated with initiation and maintenance of PA in African Americans; which PSCs best predict lifestyle behavior changes is unclear. This study's objective was to examine relationships among PSC changes and postintervention changes in PA and dietary outcomes in a community-based, multicomponent lifestyle intervention.


METHODS
This study was a noncontrolled, pre/post experimental intervention conducted in a midsized, Southern US city in 2010. Primarily African American adults (n = 269) participated in a 6-month intervention consisting of motivational enhancement, social support, pedometer diary self-monitoring, and 5 education sessions. Outcome measures included pedometer-determined steps per day, fitness, dietary intake, and PSC measures. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test for postintervention changes in behavioral outcomes, identify predictors of PSC changes, and determine if PSC changes predicted changes in PA and diet.


RESULTS
Postintervention changes were apparent for 10 of 24 PSCs (P < .05). Processes of change components, including helping relationships, reinforcement management, and consciousness raising, were significant predictors of fitness change (P < .05).


CONCLUSION
This article is among the first to address how measures of several theoretical frameworks of behavior change influence changes in PA and dietary outcomes in a multicomponent, community-based, lifestyle intervention conducted with African American adults. Findings reported identify PSC factors on which health behavior interventions can focus.
Prospective randomized crossover study of simulation vs. didactics for teaching medical students the assessment and management of critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND
Simulation (SIM) allows medical students to manage high-risk/low-frequency cases in an environment without patient risk. However, evidence for the efficacy of SIM-based training remains limited.


OBJECTIVE
To compare SIM-based training to traditional didactic lecture (LEC) for teaching medical students to assess and manage critically ill patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and anaphylaxis.


METHODS
Prospective, randomized, non-blinded crossover study of 28 fourth-year medical students. Students were oriented to the human patient simulator, then randomized to SIM or LEC between August and December 2007. The SIM group learned to manage MI using SIM training and the LEC group learned via PowerPoint lecture. All subjects' assessment and management skills were then evaluated during a simulation session of MI. During a second instruction session, the students crossed over and were taught anaphylaxis using the opposite modality and similar assessments were conducted. Completion of critical actions for each case were scored, converted to percentages, and analyzed via signed rank test.


RESULTS
Of 28 subjects, 27 performed better when trained with SIM compared with LEC (p < 0.0001). Mean scores were 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91-95%) of critical actions completed for SIM and 71% (95% CI 66-76%) for LEC. Absolute increase for simulation was 22% (95% CI 18-26%). For three domains common to MI and anaphylaxis, simulation scores were higher for history (27%, 95% CI 21-38%), physical examination (26%, 95% CI 20-33%), and management (16%, 95% CI 11-21%).


CONCLUSION
SIM training is superior to didactic lecture for teaching fourth-year medical students to assess and manage simulated critically ill MI and anaphylaxis patients.
Passive Treatment of Acidic Coal Mine Drainage: The Anna S Mine Passive Treatment Complex

The Anna S coal mine complex in Tioga County, PA, produces drainage with a pH of 2.8–3.6 containing 3–36 mg/L Al, 1–36 mg/L Fe, and 6–9 mg/L Mn. In 2003, the Babb Creek Watershed Association installed two systems that passively treat three discharges from the mine complex. Both systems contain four parallel vertical flow ponds followed by aerobic wetlands. The vertical flow ponds contain a total of 35,483 t of limestone and 4,913 m of organic substrate. During the last 6 years, the systems have treated an average of 1,971 L/min of flow to neutral pH with 135–146 mg/L of alkalinity (as CaCO3), with less than 1 mg/L of Al and Fe, and 2–4 mg/L of Mn. The vertical flow ponds have generated alkalinity at rates of 32–53 g/m/day as CaCO3. No seasonal variation in treatment effectiveness has been observed, despite relatively harsh winter seasons. The total cost of the passive systems was $2.5 million (US). The 20 year projected unit treatment cost, including periodic replacement of the organic substrate, is $403–618 per t (as CaCO3) of net alkalinity generated.
NLTK: The Natural Language Toolkit

NLTK, the Natural Language Toolkit, is a suite of open source program modules, tutorials and problem sets, providing ready-to-use computational linguistics courseware. NLTK covers symbolic and statistical natural language processing, and is interfaced to annotated corpora. Students augment and replace existing components, learn structured programming by example, and manipulate sophisticated models from the outset.
Anterior head translation following cervical fusion—a probable cause of
post-surgical pain and impairment: a CBP® case report

[Purpose] To present the case of the dramatic reduction in pain, disability, and neurologic symptoms following the reduction of forward head translation and increased cervical curvature in a patient suffering from post-surgical radiculopathy. [Subject and Methods] A 52-year-old male mechanic presented with chronic neck pain, unilateral paresthesia along the C5 and C6 dermatome distributions and diminished unilateral grip strength for 12 years following a C5-C6 cervical discectomy and fusion. Outcome measures included the neck disability index, the numerical pain rating scale, and the Zebris cervical range of motion system. Radiographs and computerized posture analysis revealed excessive forward head posture. Initial traditional 'symptom-relief' chiropractic rehabilitation was provided, followed by CBP® structural rehabilitation of head and neck posture with a 2.5 year follow-up. [Results] The initial traditional chiropractic rehabilitation did not improve posture or disability scores. CBP methods resulted in radiograph-verified postural alignment improvements corresponding with clinically significant improvements in the patient's neurologic condition, pain and disability scores. These results were maintained at a 2.5 year follow-up with minimal treatment. [Conclusion] Patients with post-surgical axial symptoms and/or radicular complaints should be screened for altered cervical alignment and anterior head translation. Future studies should attempt to duplicate these positive results in a trial with long-term follow-up.
CAPRI: a Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions.

CAPRI is a communitywide experiment to assess the capacity of protein-docking methods to predict protein-protein interactions. Nineteen groups participated in rounds 1 and 2 of CAPRI and submitted blind structure predictions for seven protein-protein complexes based on the known structure of the component proteins. The predictions were compared to the unpublished X-ray structures of the complexes. We describe here the motivations for launching CAPRI, the rules that we applied to select targets and run the experiment, and some conclusions that can already be drawn. The results stress the need for new scoring functions and for methods handling the conformation changes that were observed in some of the target systems. CAPRI has already been a powerful drive for the community of computational biologists who development docking algorithms. We hope that this issue of Proteins will also be of interest to the community of structural biologists, which we call upon to provide new targets for future rounds of CAPRI, and to all molecular biologists who view protein-protein recognition as an essential process.
Wide-Bandwidth 60-GHz Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) Fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

A wide-bandwidth aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna (MPA) fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented at V-band (60 GHz) to enhance the overall radiation efficiency. The antenna is designed using two different slot configurations with a simulated impedance bandwidth of 22% and gain up to 6.8 dB. Furthermore, the antennas show wideband radiation characteristics. The simulated radiation efficiency is better than 98% within the operating impedance bandwidth.
Enhancing the effectiveness and interpretability of decision tree and rule induction classifiers with evolutionary training set selection over imbalanced problems

Classification in imbalanced domains is a recent challenge in data mining. We refer to imbalanced classification when data presents many examples from one class and few from the other class, and the less representative class is the one which has more interest from the point of view of the learning task. One of the most used techniques to tackle this problem consists in preprocessing the data previously to the learning process. This preprocessing could be done through under-sampling; removing examples, mainly belonging to the majority class; and over-sampling, by means of replicating or generating new minority examples. In this paper, we propose an under-sampling procedure guided by evolutionary algorithms to perform a training set selection for enhancing the decision trees obtained by the C4.5 algorithm and the rule sets obtained by PART rule induction algorithm. The proposal has been compared with other under-sampling and over-sampling techniques and the results indicate that the new approach is very competitive in terms of accuracy when comparing with over-sampling and it outperforms standard under-sampling. Moreover, the obtained models are smaller in terms of number of leaves or rules generated and they can considered more interpretable. The results have been contrasted through non-parametric statistical tests over multiple data sets. Crown Copyright 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Music and Art in Conflict Transformation : A Review

Since the early 1990s, there has been an increase in the use of music and the arts within a conflict transformation context. This guest editorial discusses the developments in this research and practical area. The current status of the field, and challenges it faces, are then examined within the context of this issue's theme of the arts and conflict transformation/peace building. *HUSS, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK © Music and Arts in Action/Bergh and Sloboda | ISSN: 1754-7105 | Page 2 http://musicandartsinaction.net/index.php/maia/article/view/conflicttransformation Music and Arts in Action | Volume 2 | Issue 2
Point-of-care lactate testing predicts mortality of severe sepsis in a predominantly HIV type 1-infected patient population in Uganda.

BACKGROUND
Prediction of mortality may improve management and outcomes of patients with sepsis in resource-limited settings. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of a hand-held portable whole-blood lactate (PWBL) analyzer to predict mortality of patients who are admitted to the hospital with severe sepsis.


METHODS
A prospective observational study enrolled 253 patients at a national referral hospital in Uganda. Inclusion criteria required (1) >or=2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria or thermodysregulation, (2) hypotension, and (3) suspected infection. A subset of 72 patients had PWBL and standard laboratory serum lactate measured. The primary measured outcome was in-hospital mortality.


RESULTS
Fifty-nine (81.9%) of 72 evaluated patients were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25.7% (18 of 70), and the in- and outpatient mortality at 30 days was 41.6% (30 of 72). PWBL was positively associated with in-hospital but not outpatient mortality (P=.001). The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for PWBL was 0.81 (P=.081). The optimal PWBL concentration for predicting in-hospital mortality (sensitivity, 88.3%; specificity, 71.2%) was >or=4.0 mmol/L. Patients with a PWBL concentration >or=4.0 mmol/L died while in the hospital substantially more often (50.0%) than did those with a PWBL concentration <4.0 mmol/L (7.5%) (odds ratio, 12.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.5-48.9; [P=.001). Standard laboratory serum lactate results were inconsistent and less predictive of mortality than were those of PWBL in a multiple logistic regression model.


CONCLUSION
A PWBL concentration >or=4.0 mmol/L predicts with 81% accuracy a 7-fold higher mortality of patients with sepsis than does a PWBL concentration <4.0 mmol/L. PWBL testing would be useful in places where clinical decisions are limited by lack of laboratory infrastructure and poor reliability.