LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
To what extent does the longevity of fixed dental prostheses depend on the function of the cement? Working Group 4 materials: cementation.

AIMS/BACKGROUND
The objective of this review was to define the impact of cementation mode on the longevity of different types of single tooth restorations and fixed dental prostheses (FDP).


METHODS
Literature search by PubMed as the major database was used utilizing the terms namely, adhesive techniques, all-ceramic crowns, cast-metal, cement, cementation, ceramic inlays, gold inlays, metal-ceramic, non-bonded fixed-partial-dentures, porcelain veneers, resin-bonded fixed-partial-dentures, porcelain-fused-to-metal, and implant-supported-restorations together with manual search of non-indexed literature. Cementation of root canal posts and cores were excluded. Due to lack of randomized prospective clinical studies in some fields of cementation, recommendations had to be based on lower evidence level (Centre of Evidence Based Medicine, Oxford) for special applications of current cements.


RESULTS
One-hundred-and-twenty-five articles were selected for the review. The primary function of the cementation is to establish reliable retention, a durable seal of the space between the tooth and the restoration, and to provide adequate optical properties. The various types of cements used in dentistry could be mainly divided into two groups: Water-based cements and polymerizing cements. Water-based cements exhibited satisfying long-term clinical performance associated with cast metal (inlays, onlays, partial crowns) as well as single unit metal-ceramic FDPs and multiple unit FDPs with macroretentive preparation designs and adequate marginal fit. Early short-term clinical results with high-strength all-ceramic restorations luted with water-based cements are also promising. Current polymerizing cements cover almost all fields of water-based cements and in addition to that they are mainly indicated for non-retentive restorations. They are able to seal the tooth completely creating hybrid layer formation. Furthermore, adhesive capabilities of polymerizing cements allowed for bonded restorations, promoting at the same time the preservation of dental tissues.
A phase II study of cisplatin /S-1 in patients with carcinomas of unknown primary site

Background Carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUPs) are heterogeneous tumors associated with a poor prognosis. This phase II trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel combination chemotherapy of S-1 and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with CUP. Patients and Methods Patients with previously untreated CUPs were eligible for this trial. The treatment schedule consisted of oral S-1 (40 mg/m2) twice a day on days 1–21, and intravenous CDDP (60 mg/m2) on day 8. This schedule was repeated every 5 weeks. Results A total of 46 patients were enrolled. The overall response rate and the disease control rate were 41.3 % and 80.4 %, respectively. The median overall survival time was 17.4 months. Grade 3/4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia occurred in 28.3 %, 13.0 %, and 2.2 % of the patients, respectively. Conclusion CDDP plus S-1 combination chemotherapy is well tolerated and active first-line empiric therapies for patients with CUP.
Effectiveness of HIV/STD sexual risk reduction groups for women in substance abuse treatment programs: results of NIDA Clinical Trials Network Trial.

CONTEXT
Because drug-involved women are among the fastest growing groups with AIDS, sexual risk reduction intervention for them is a public health imperative.


OBJECTIVE
To test effectiveness of HIV/STD safer sex skills building (SSB) groups for women in community drug treatment.


DESIGN
Randomized trial of SSB versus standard HIV/STD Education (HE); assessments at baseline, 3 and 6 months.


PARTICIPANTS
Women recruited from 12 methadone or psychosocial treatment programs in Clinical Trials Network of National Institute on Drug Abuse. Five hundred fifteen women with >or=1 unprotected vaginal or anal sex occasion (USO) with a male partner in the past 6 months were randomized.


INTERVENTIONS
In SSB, five 90-minute groups used problem solving and skills rehearsal to increase HIV/STD risk awareness, condom use, and partner negotiation skills. In HE, one 60-minute group covered HIV/STD disease, testing, treatment, and prevention information.


MAIN OUTCOME
Number of USOs at follow-up.


RESULTS
A significant difference in mean USOs was obtained between SSB and HE over time (F = 67.2, P < 0.0001). At 3 months, significant decrements were observed in both conditions. At 6 months, SSB maintained the decrease and HE returned to baseline (P < 0.0377). Women in SSB had 29% fewer USOs than those in HE.


CONCLUSIONS
Skills building interventions can produce ongoing sexual risk reduction in women in community drug treatment.
Partonometry inW+ jet production

QCD predicts soft radiation patterns that are particularly simple for W+jet production. We demonstrate how these patterns can be used to distinguish between the parton-level subprocesses probabilistically on an event-by-event basis. As a test of our method we demonstrate correlations between the soft radiation and the radiation inside the outgoing jet. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics system, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases require that a model learns from graph inputs. In other domains such as learning from non-structural data like texts and images, reasoning on extracted structures, like the dependency tree of sentences and the scene graph of images, is an important research topic which also needs graph reasoning models. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are connectionist models that capture the dependence of graphs via message passing between the nodes of graphs. Unlike standard neural networks, graph neural networks retain a state that can represent information from its neighborhood with arbitrary depth. Although the primitive GNNs have been found difficult to train for a fixed point, recent advances in network architectures, optimization techniques, and parallel computation have enabled successful learning with them. In recent years, systems based on graph convolutional network (GCN) and gated graph neural network (GGNN) have demonstrated ground-breaking performance on many tasks mentioned above. In this survey, we provide a detailed review over existing graph neural network models, systematically categorize the applications, and propose four open problems for future research.
MIX WITHOUT STIRRING: PUBLIC FINANCE AND PRIVATE MARKETS IN HEALTH INSURANCE

A decorative bag making apparatus 10 and method of use wherein the apparatus 10 comprises a sizing unit 11, a centerpiece unit 12, and a face unit 13 which cooperate with one another and a sheet of decorative material 100 to fabricate a finished decorative bag 110.
Psychological pathways linking social support to health outcomes: a visit with the "ghosts" of research past, present, and future.

Contemporary models postulate the importance of psychological mechanisms linking perceived and received social support to physical health outcomes. In this review, we examine studies that directly tested the potential psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and health-relevant physiological processes (1980s-2010). Inconsistent with existing theoretical models, no evidence was found that psychological mechanisms such as depression, perceived stress, and other affective processes are directly responsible for links between support and health. We discuss the importance of considering statistical/design issues, emerging conceptual perspectives, and limitations of our existing models for future research aimed at elucidating the psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and physical health outcomes.
Control Dynamics of a doubly fed induction generator under sub- and super-synchronous modes of operation

Depending on wind speed, a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based variable speed wind turbine is capable of operating in sub- or super-synchronous mode of operation using a back to back PWM converter. A smooth transition between these two modes of operation is necessary for reliable operations of the wind turbine under fluctuating wind. This paper presents the analysis and modeling of DFIG based variable speed wind turbine and investigates the control dynamics under two modes of operation. A battery energy storage (BESS) with a bidirectional DC-DC converter is added for a smooth transition between the modes. Mathematical analysis and corresponding modeling results show that the power flow in the rotor circuit under two modes can be controlled by changing current and voltage phase sequence through the rotor side converter (RSC) and line side converter (LSC). A coordinated control among RSC, LSC and DC link storage system ensure variable speed and maximum power extraction from the fluctuating wind and reduce the possibility of instability around synchronous speed. Extensive simulations have been conducted to investigate control dynamics under the two modes of operation and during transitions.
Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic

An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic—“live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”—was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
High D-dimer levels increase the likelihood of pulmonary embolism.

Objective. To determine the utility of high quantitative D-dimer levels in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Methods. D-dimer testing was performed in consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. We included patients with suspected pulmonary embolism with a high risk for venous thromboembolism, i.e. hospitalized patients, patients older than 80 years, with malignancy or previous surgery. Presence of pulmonary embolism was based on a diagnostic management strategy using a clinical decision rule (CDR), D-dimer testing and computed tomography. Results. A total of 1515 patients were included with an overall pulmonary embolism prevalence of 21%. The pulmonary embolism prevalence was strongly associated with the height of the D-dimer level, and increased fourfold with D-dimer levels greater than 4000 ng mL(-1) compared to levels between 500 and 1000 ng mL(-1). Patients with D-dimer levels higher than 2000 ng mL(-1) and an unlikely CDR had a pulmonary embolism prevalence of 36%. This prevalence is comparable to the pulmonary embolism likely CDR group. When D-dimer levels were above 4000 ng mL(-1), the observed pulmonary embolism prevalence was very high, independent of CDR score. Conclusion. Strongly elevated D-dimer levels substantially increase the likelihood of pulmonary embolism. Whether this should translate into more intensive diagnostic and therapeutic measures in patients with high D-dimer levels irrespective of CDR remains to be studied.
In vivo accuracy of multispectral magnetic resonance imaging for identifying lipid-rich necrotic cores and intraplaque hemorrhage in advanced human carotid plaques.

BACKGROUND
High-resolution MRI has been shown to be capable of identifying plaque constituents, such as the necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage, in human carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differential contrast-weighted images, specifically a multispectral MR technique, to improve the accuracy of identifying the lipid-rich necrotic core and acute intraplaque hemorrhage in vivo.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Eighteen patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent a preoperative carotid MRI examination in a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner using a protocol that generated 4 contrast weightings (T1, T2, proton density, and 3D time of flight). MR images of the vessel wall were examined for the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core and/or intraplaque hemorrhage. Ninety cross sections were compared with matched histological sections of the excised specimen in a double-blinded fashion. Overall accuracy (95% CI) of multispectral MRI was 87% (80% to 94%), sensitivity was 85% (78% to 92%), and specificity was 92% (86% to 98%). There was good agreement between MRI and histological findings, with a value of kappa=0.69 (0.53 to 0.85).


CONCLUSIONS
Multispectral MRI can identify the lipid-rich necrotic core in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. This MRI technique provides a noninvasive tool to study the pathogenesis and natural history of carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it will permit a direct assessment of the effect of pharmacological therapy, such as aggressive lipid lowering, on plaque lipid composition.
Bio‐optical and biogeochemical properties of different trophic regimes in oceanic waters

To examine the source and magnitude of the variability of bio-optical properties in open ocean, we simultaneously measured inherent optical properties (IOPs) and biogeochemical quantities during late summer from the eutrophic waters of the Moroccan upwelling to the oligotrophic waters of the northwestern Mediterranean and the ultraoligotrophic waters of the eastern Mediterranean. Vertical distributions of spectral absorption and attenuation coefficients were measured with a high-resolution in situ spectrophotometer (WETLabs ac9) together with biogeochemical measurements that included phytoplanktonic pigments and particulate organic carbon concentrations, particle size distributions, and picoplankton abundance. The variability in specific IOPs (i.e., per unit of biogeochemical constituent concentration) was examined, and an optical index of particle size was derived. The fine-scale vertical distributions of various biogeochemical properties were thus described from ac9 profiles. Particle attenuation and carbon budgets, estimated from a combination of optical and biogeochemical measurements, underlie a major contribution of nonalgal stocks in oceanic waters. We show that first-order variations in IOPs in oceanic waters are explained by the trophic state (i.e., chlorophyll a concentration) and that second-order variations are the result of changes in the composition of phytoplankton assemblage, the balance between algal and nonalgal stocks, and lightrelated processes (colored dissolved organic material photo-oxidation and algal photo-adaptation). At the interface between marine optics and biogeochemistry, bio-optical studies (Smith and Baker 1978) aim to characterize the biological and biogeochemical state of natural waters through their optical properties, and to quantify the role of the ocean in global biogeochemical (particularly carbon) budgets. These studies rely on the direct dependence of the water’s inherent optical properties (IOPs) and apparent optical properties on the concentration and nature of optically significant biogeochemical constituents. In open ocean case I waters (Morel and Maritorena 2001 and references therein), these constituents are, by definition, phytoplankton and their accompanying and covarying retinue of material with biological origin, namely nonalgal particles (including biogenous detritus and heterotrophic organisms) and yellow substances (so-called colored dissolved organic material [CDOM]). Thus, optical properties generally are modeled as a function of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a; used as a proxy for phytoplankton) in generic remote sensing algorithms for case I waters (Morel and Maritorena 2001 and 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (claustre@
Intensive exercise program after spinal cord injury (“Full-On”): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) has traditionally involved teaching compensatory strategies for identified impairments and deficits in order to improve functional independence. There is some evidence that regular and intensive activity-based therapies, directed at activation of the paralyzed extremities, promotes neurological improvement. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of a 12-week intensive activity-based therapy program for the whole body with a program of upper body exercise.


METHODS/DESIGN
A multicenter, parallel group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial will be conducted. One hundred eighty-eight participants with spinal cord injury, who have completed their primary rehabilitation at least 6 months prior, will be recruited from five SCI units in Australia and New Zealand. Participants will be randomized to an experimental or control group. Experimental participants will receive a 12-week program of intensive exercise for the whole body, including locomotor training, trunk exercises and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling. Control participants will receive a 12-week intensive upper body exercise program. The primary outcome is the American Spinal Injuries Association (ASIA) Motor Score. Secondary outcomes include measurements of sensation, function, pain, psychological measures, quality of life and cost effectiveness. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, 12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months by blinded assessors. Recruitment commenced in January 2011.


DISCUSSION
The results of this trial will determine the effectiveness of a 12-week program of intensive exercise for the whole body in improving neurological recovery after spinal cord injury.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01236976 (10 November 2010), ACTRN12610000498099 (17 June 2010).
On efficient mutual nearest neighbor query processing in spatial databases

This paper studies a new form of nearest neighbor queries in spatial databases, namely, mutual nearest neighbor (MNN) search. Given a set D of objects and a query object q, an MNN query returns from D, the set of objects that are among the k 1 (P1) nearest neighbors (NNs) of q; meanwhile, have q as one of their k 2 (P1) NNs. Although MNN queries are useful in many applications involving decision making, data mining, and pattern recognition, it cannot be efficiently handled by existing spatial query processing approaches. In this paper, we present the first piece of work for tackling MNN queries efficiently. Our methods utilize a conventional data-partitioning index (e.g., R-tree, etc.) on the dataset, employ the state-of-the-art database techniques including best-first based k nearest neighbor (kNN) retrieval and reverse kNN search with TPL pruning, and make use of the advantages of batch processing and reusing technique. An extensive empirical study, based on experiments performed using both real and synthetic datasets, has been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms under various experimental settings. This paper studies a new form of nearest neighbor (NN) queries, namely mutual nearest neighbor (MNN) search. Given a dataset D, a query point q, and two parameters k 1 and k 2 , an MNN query retrieves those objects p 2 D such that p 2 NN k1 (q) 1 and q 2 NN k2 (p), i.e., it requires each answer object 2 to be one of the k 1 nearest neighbors (NNs) to q and meanwhile has q as one of its k 2 NNs. Consequently, it considers not only the spatial proximity of the answer objects to q, but also the spatial proximity of q to the answer objects. In other words, the conventional NN query is asymmetric, while MNN retrieval is symmetric. Although it is well known that asymmetric NN search fits the requirements of lots of applications, there are still many other practical applications that require symmetric NN queries. Some real-life applications are presented as follows. Resource allocation. Consider that a logistic company A has six branches (labeled as p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 , p 5 , p 6), as shown in Fig. 1a. In order to guarantee the quality of service, company A assigns each branch two nearby branches as backup to provide necessary supports in …
Co-Development of Diagnostic Vectors to Support Targeted Therapies and Theranostics: Essential Tools in Personalized Cancer Therapy

Novel technologies are being developed to improve patient therapy through the identification of targets and surrogate molecular signatures that can help direct appropriate treatment regimens for efficacy and drug safety. This is particularly the case in oncology whereby patient tumor and biofluids are routinely isolated and analyzed for genetic, immunohistochemical, and/or soluble markers to determine if a predictive biomarker signature (i.e., mutated gene product, differentially expressed protein, altered cell surface antigen, etc.) exists as a means for selecting optimal treatment. These biomarkers may be drug-specific targets and/or differentially expressed nucleic acids, proteins, or cell lineage profiles that can directly affect the patient's disease tissue or immune response to a therapeutic regimen. Improvements in diagnostics that can prescreen predictive response biomarker profiles will continue to optimize the ability to enhance patient therapy via molecularly defined disease-specific treatment. Conversely, patients lacking predictive response biomarkers will no longer needlessly be exposed to drugs that are unlikely to provide clinical benefit, thereby enabling patients to pursue other therapeutic options and lowering overall healthcare costs by avoiding futile treatment. While patient molecular profiling offers a powerful tool to direct treatment options, the difficulty in identifying disease-specific targets or predictive biomarker signatures that stratify a significant fraction within a disease indication remains challenging. A goal for drug developers is to identify and implement new strategies that can rapidly enable the development of beneficial disease-specific therapies for broad patient-specific targeting without the need of tedious predictive biomarker discovery and validation efforts, currently a bottleneck for development timelines. Successful strategies may gain an advantage by employing repurposed, less-expensive existing agents while potentially improving the therapeutic activity of novel, target-specific therapies that may otherwise have off-target toxicities or less efficacy in cells exhibiting certain pathways. Here, we discuss the use of co-developing diagnostic-targeting vectors to identify patients whose malignant tissue can specifically uptake a targeted anti-cancer drug vector prior to treatment. Using this system, a patient can be predetermined in real-time as to whether or not their tumor(s) can specifically uptake a drug-linked diagnostic vector, thus inferring the uptake of a similar vector linked to an anti-cancer agent. If tumor-specific uptake is observed, then the patient may be suitable for drug-linked vector therapy and have a higher likelihood of clinical benefit while patients with no tumor uptake should consider other therapeutic options. This approach offers complementary opportunities to rapidly develop broad tumor-specific agents for use in personalized medicine.