LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
LDL from obese patients with the metabolic syndrome show increased lipid peroxidation and activate platelets

This study assessed oxidative stress in LDL from obese patients with the metabolic syndrome and compared it with that in LDL from type 2 diabetic patients or control volunteers. It also determined the effect on platelets of LDL from the three groups. The profiles of lipids, fatty acids and fatty acid oxidation products were determined in LDL isolated from plasma of patients with the metabolic syndrome, patients with type 2 diabetes and volunteers (n = 10 per group). The effects of LDL from the participant groups on the platelet arachidonic acid signalling cascade and aggregation were investigated. Compared with LDL from control volunteers, LDL from obese metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetic patients had lower cholesteryl ester, higher triacylglycerol and lower ethanolamine plasmalogen levels. Proportions of linoleic acid were decreased in phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl esters in LDL from both patient groups. Among the markers of lipid peroxidation, oxidation products of linoleic acid (hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids) and malondialdehyde were increased by 59% and twofold, respectively in LDL from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetic patients. LDL from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetic patients were equally potent in activating the platelet arachidonic acid signalling cascade through increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytosolic phospholipase A2, and through increased thromboxane B2 formation. LDL from patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes potentiated platelet aggregation by threefold and 3.5-fold respectively, whereas control LDL had no activating effects on platelets. The metabolic syndrome in obese patients, without or with diabetes, is associated with increased oxidative stress in LDL, which triggers platelet activation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00932087 The study was funded by INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) and ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche).
Symphonic Texts and the Cultural Ideology of Mahler's Lieder

ion, could not have come about without the intermediate and preparatory step of the Kindertotenlieder, where Mahler begins to explore placing symphonic forms into the highly literary, textual genre of the song cycle. This overlapping occurs on the level of structure, and is not merely a matter of scoring the cycle for orchestra in a mimicry of the symphony. Rather, symphonic forms inform the foundation of the cycle, including – perhaps most importantly – its textual construction. I would argue that there is an internal teleology within the Kindertotenlieder, as well as an external one concerning its placement in Mahler’s oeuvre as a whole, and that the explication of the former is crucial to an understanding of the function of the work within the latter. With the Kindertotenlieder, Mahler begins his project of uniting song and symphony, and the song cycle begins to take on some of the structural characteristics of the symphony. To understand the structural teleology of the cycle, then, it is necessary to examine how the symphonic genre has influenced its form and construction and how this creates a different end than the characteristic goal of the song cycle as such. The defining difference created by the incorporation of symphonic structure into the Kindertotenlieder is the replacement of a narratively based teleology with one founded on structural connections. The model of the symphony and sonata form provides a loose framework around which to build the cycle, rather than solely the framework of a narrative or of thematic connections. We do not find the same sort of 103 Donald Mitchell, “Mahler’s ‘Kammermusikton,’” The Mahler Companion, ed. Donald Mitchell and Andrew Nicholson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 217. 104 “Mahler himself, one has to conclude, demonstrated this integral relationship in the very last years of his life by writing Das Lied von der Erde, the symphony that is also a song-cycle (or the song-cycle that is also a symphony, which was Mahler’s choice of nomenclature).” (Donald Mitchell, “Mahler’s ‘Kammermusikton,’” 217.)
3D quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque based on rotational angiography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that has been shown to cause various cardiovascular diseases and stroke. However, technologies to evaluate the volume of atherosclerotic plaque are limited. We present a method for determination of 3D plaque volume based on RA.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
3DRA images obtained from patients were used to evaluate the plaque. Six patients who were diagnosed with atherosclerotic lesions were included. The PR model developed for 3DRA was applied to analyze the geometry of the vessel and calculate the plaque volume. To validate the present method, we tested computer-generated phantoms with different degrees of stenosis.


RESULTS
Application of PR to clinical cases allowed the estimation of plaque morphology and quantification of plaque volume. Technique validation showed that on average, PR can rebuild 92% of the plaque and provide satisfactory determination of plaque volume.


CONCLUSIONS
A new approach to obtain plaque volume based on 3DRA is presented. The initial tests in 6 clinical cases and validation with different phantoms showed that this method is feasible. Further validation in a larger clinical series is required to assess the ultimate value of the present technique.
Energy cost and metabolic power in elite soccer: a new match analysis approach.

PURPOSE
Video match analysis is used for the assessment of physical performances of professional soccer players, particularly for the identification of "high intensities" considered as "high running speeds." However, accelerations are also essential elements setting metabolic loads, even when speed is low. We propose a more detailed assessment of soccer players' metabolic demands by video match analysis with the aim of also taking into account accelerations.


METHODS
A recent study showed that accelerated running on a flat terrain is equivalent to running uphill at constant speed, the incline being dictated by the acceleration. Because the energy cost of running uphill is known, this makes it possible to estimate the instantaneous energy cost of accelerated running, the corresponding instantaneous metabolic power, and the overall energy expenditure, provided that the speed (and acceleration) is known. Furthermore, the introduction of individual parameters makes it possible to customize performance profiles, especially as it concerns energy expenditure derived from anaerobic sources. Data from 399 "Serie-A" players (mean +/- SD; age = 27 +/- 4 yr, mass = 75.8 +/- 5.0 kg, stature = 1.80 +/- 0.06 m) were collected during the 2007-2008 season.


RESULTS
Mean match distance was 10,950 +/- 1044 m, and average energy expenditure was 61.12 +/- 6.57 kJ x kg(-1). Total distance covered at high power (>20 W x kg(-1)) amounted to 26% and corresponding energy expenditure to approximately 42% of the total. "High intensities" expressed as high-power output are two to three times larger than those based only on running speed.


CONCLUSIONS
The present approach for the assessment of top-level soccer players match performance through video analysis allowed us to assess instantaneous metabolic power, thus redefining the concept of "high intensity" on the basis of actual metabolic power rather than on speed alone.
κ Opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell mediate escalation of methamphetamine intake.

Given that the κ opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in psychostimulant abuse, we evaluated whether the selective KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) would attenuate the escalation of methamphetamine (METH) intake in an extended-access self-administration model. Systemic nor-BNI decreased the escalation of intake of long-access (LgA) but not short-access (ShA) self-administration. nor-BNI also decreased elevated progressive-ratio (PR) breakpoints in rats in the LgA condition and continued to decrease intake after 17 d of abstinence, demonstrating that the effects of a nor-BNI injection are long lasting. Rats with an ShA history showed an increase in prodynorphin immunoreactivity in both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, but LgA animals showed a selective increase in the NAc shell. Other cohorts of rats received nor-BNI directly into the NAc shell or core and entered into ShA or LgA. nor-BNI infusion in the NAc shell, but not NAc core, attenuated escalation of intake and PR responding for METH in LgA rats. These data indicate that the development and/or expression of compulsive-like responding for METH under LgA conditions depends on activation of the KOR system in the NAc shell and suggest that the dynorphin-KOR system is a central component of the neuroplasticity associated with negative reinforcement systems that drive the dark side of addiction.
Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing

A three-dimensional, transient, heat transfer, and fluid flow model is developed for the laser assisted multilayer additive manufacturing process with coaxially fed austenitic stainless steel powder. Heat transfer between the laser beam and the powder particles is considered both during their flight between the nozzle and the growth surface and after they deposit on the surface. The geometry of the build layer obtained from independent experiments is compared with that obtained from the model. The spatial variation of melt geometry, cooling rate, and peak temperatures is examined in various layers. The computed cooling rates and solidification parameters are used to estimate the cell spacings and hardness in various layers of the structure. Good agreement is achieved between the computed geometry, cell spacings, and hardness with the corresponding independent experimental results. VC 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896751]
Faunal impact on vegetation structure and ecosystem function in mangrove forests: A review

The last 20 years witnessed a real paradigm shift concerning the impact of biotic factors on ecosystem functions as well as on vegetation structure of mangrove forests. Before this small scientific revolution took place, structural aspects of mangrove forests were viewed to be the result of abiotic processes acting from the bottom-up, while, at ecosystem level, the outwelling hypothesis stated that mangroves primary production was removed via tidal action and carried to adjacent nearshore ecosystems where it fuelled detrital based food-webs. The sesarmid crabs were the first macrofaunal taxon to be considered a main actor in mangrove structuring processes, thanks to a number of studies carried out in the Indo-Pacific forests in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Following these classical papers, a number of studies on Sesarmidae feeding and burrowing ecology were carried out, which leave no doubts about the great importance of these herbivorous crabs in structuring and functioning Old world ecosystems. Although Sesarmidae are still considered very important in shaping mangrove structure and functioning, recent literature emphasizes the significance of other invertebrates. The Ocypodidae have now been shown to have the same role as Sesarmidae in terms of retention of forest products and organic matter processing in New world mangroves. In both New and Old world mangroves, crabs process large amounts of algal primary production, contribute consistently to retention of mangrove production and as ecosystem engineers, change particle size distribution and enhance soil aeration. Our understanding of the strong impact of gastropods, by means of high intake rates of mangrove products and differential consumption of propagules, has changed only recently. The role of insects must also be stressed. It is now clear that older techniques used to assess herbivory rates by insects strongly underestimate their impact, both in case of leaf eating and wood boring species and that herbivorous insects can potentially play a strong role in many aspects of mangrove ecology. Moreover, researchers only recently realized that ant–plant interactions may form an important contribution to our understanding of insect–plant dynamics in these habitats. Ants seem to be able to relieve mangroves from important herbivores such as many insects and sesarmid crabs. It thus seems likely that ants have positive effects on mangrove performance. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
What determines the self-rated health of older individuals with stroke compared to other older individuals? A cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Aging Study

BACKGROUND
Poor self-rated health has been associated with poorer objective health outcomes across a range of conditions including stroke. Identification of factors associated with poor self-rated health in stroke survivors has received little attention compared to that in other older individuals. This study identifies determinants of self-rated health in older individuals with or without a history of stroke participating in the population-representative MRC Cognitive Function and Aging Study (MRC CFAS).


METHODS
The MRC CFAS is a multicentred longitudinal survey of a population representative sample of people in their 65th year and older at baseline. Baseline interview included questions about functional disability, psychiatric history, independent living status, social interactions, and cognitive function. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine associations between demographic, physical, cognitive, psychological and social factors with poor self-rated health among those with and without stroke.


RESULTS
After excluding those with impaired cognitive function, 776 individuals out of 11,957 reported a stroke. Factors associated with self-rated health were similar between those with or without a stroke in older individuals. Poorer self-rated health in those who had suffered a stroke was associated predominantly with the presence of comorbidity with diabetes (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.5-8.1) and not "getting out and about" (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7-4.1) even after adjustment for disability levels and for depression. In those without a stroke the most important determinants were disability (OR 3.9; 95% CI 3.2-4.8) and not "getting out and about" (OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.5-3.3). The presence of disability was less strongly associated with poor self-rated health in those with a history of stroke than those without due to a substantially higher reporting of poor self-rated health in the non-disabled stroke group than the non-disabled stroke-free group, while those with disabilities reported poor self-rated health irrespective of stroke status.


CONCLUSIONS
Self-rated health is determined by a range of psychological and social factors in addition to disability in older patients with stroke. Addressing social integration and mobility out of the home is an important element of rehabilitation for older people with stroke as well as those without.
The Music Encoding Initiative ( MEI )

This paper draws parallels between the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and the proposed Music Encoding Initiative (MEI), reviews existing design principles for music representations, and describes an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) document type definition (DTD) for modeling music notation which attempts to incorporate those principles.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Telephone Intervention for Alcohol Misuse With Injured Emergency Department Patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
We conduct a randomized controlled trial to test efficacy of a telephone intervention for injured emergency department (ED) patients with alcohol misuse to decrease alcohol use, impaired driving, alcohol-related injuries, and alcohol-related negative consequences.


METHODS
ED patients screening positive for alcohol misuse were randomized to a 3-session telephone brief motivational intervention on alcohol, delivered by a counselor trained in motivational interviewing during 6 weeks, or a control intervention of a scripted home fire and burn safety education delivered in 3 calls. Patients were followed for 12 months and assessed for changes in alcohol use, impaired driving, alcohol-related injuries, and alcohol-related negative consequences.


RESULTS
Seven hundred thirty ED patients were randomized; 78% received their assigned intervention by telephone, and of those, 72% completed 12-month assessments. There were no differential benefits of telephone brief motivational intervention versus assessment and a control intervention in all 3 variables of alcohol use (frequency of binge alcohol use during the previous 30 days, maximum number of drinks at one time in the past 30 days, and typical alcohol use in the past 30 days), alcohol-impaired driving, alcohol-related injuries, and alcohol-related negative consequences.


CONCLUSION
Despite the potential advantage of delivering a telephone brief motivational intervention in not disrupting ED clinical care, our study found no efficacy for it over an assessment and control intervention. Potential causes for our finding include that injury itself, alcohol assessments, or the control intervention had active ingredients for alcohol change.
A LOW-PROFILE UNIDIRECTIONAL CAVITY-BACKED LOG-PERIODIC SLOT ANTENNA

A low-profile unidirectional cavity-backed coplanar waveguide-fed uniplanar log-periodic slot antenna suitable for the ultra-wideband applications (3–18 GHz) is presented. Due to the inherent balanced structure compared with the unbalanced antennas, such as dipole or loop antenna, the impedance matching and radiation performances of the proposed antenna are quite stable and satisfactory. There is a potential advantage for low profile ultra-wideband unidirectional antennas, and this paper demonstrates a technique for transforming the bidirectional beam into a unidirectional beam by using a special cavity in this ultra-wideband antenna. Meanwhile, the multi-resolution time domain (MRTD) method is applied to analyze this antenna. Experimental results reveal that the cavity has a small affect on the S-parameter of the origin antenna, and remains the perfect reflection property within the desired operation band.
Life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury during the first five years after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

PURPOSE
To describe the course of life satisfaction in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the first 5 years after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and to examine its determinants.


METHODS
Multi-centre prospective cohort study with four measurements, the first at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, the last 5 years after discharge. Data of 162 persons with SCI were analyzed. Life satisfaction was measured as the sum score of 'current life satisfaction' and 'current life satisfaction compared to life satisfaction before SCI'. Lesion characteristics, functional independence, secondary impairments, pain, social support and self-efficacy were analyzed as possible determinants of life satisfaction. Random coefficient analysis was used for the analyses.


RESULTS
No significant changes in life satisfaction were found between discharge and 2 years later, however there were significant increases from two to 5 years post discharge. High functional independence, low pain, high everyday social support and high self-efficacy were significant determinants of a positive course of life satisfaction after discharge.


CONCLUSIONS
Increases in life satisfaction were found in persons with SCI in the long run. High functional status, low pain, good social skills and high self-efficacy were related to high life satisfaction.
Nursing Informatics: Decades of Contribution to Health Informatics

OBJECTIVES
In this paper we present a contemporary understanding of "nursing informatics" and relate it to applications in three specific contexts, hospitals, community health, and home dwelling, to illustrate achievements that contribute to the overall schema of health informatics.


METHODS
We identified literature through database searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Database searching was complemented by one author search and hand searches in six relevant journals. The literature review helped in conceptual clarification and elaborate on use that are supported by applications in different settings.


RESULTS
Conceptual clarification of nursing data, information and knowledge has been expanded to include wisdom. Information systems and support for nursing practice benefits from conceptual clarification of nursing data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. We introduce three examples of information systems and point out core issues for information integration and practice development.


CONCLUSIONS
Exploring interplays of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, nursing informatics takes a practice turn, accommodating to processes of application design and deployment for purposeful use by nurses in different settings. Collaborative efforts will be key to further achievements that support task shifting, mobility, and ubiquitous health care.
Combined effects of goserelin and tamoxifen on estradiol level, breast density, and endometrial thickness in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Background:This study is to investigate the effects of geserelin+tamoxifen (TAM) on estradiol level, breast density (BD), endometrial thickness (ET), and blood lipids in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer.Methods:This study recruited 110 premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer between 22 June 2008 and 31 December 2009 and randomly assigned them to receive either goserelin plus TAM or TAM alone for 1.5 years. Blood levels of sex hormones and lipids and ET were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Contralateral BD was also measured at 0, 12, and 18 months.Results:Five participants dropped out of the goserelin plus TAM group, and two participants dropped out of the TAM-alone group before initiation of endocrine therapy. The rest of patients received scheduled treatment and 3 years of median follow-up. No serious adverse effects were observed, and only two local recurrences have been observed in these patients. Estradiol level and BD were lower in the goserelin plus TAM group than in the TAM-alone group (P<0.05). The endometrium in the goserelin plus TAM group was significantly thinner than that in the TAM-alone group (P<0.05), and women in the TAM-alone group exhibited endometrial thickening over the course of the study. Furthermore, no significant differences in blood lipid levels were reported between the two groups.Conclusion:The data from the current study demonstrated that the addition of goserelin to TAM results in downregulation of estradiol level, followed by significant reduction in BD and ET in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, which may eventually lead to better outcome in these patients.
Moving towards efficient decision tree construction

Motivated by the desire to construct compact (in terms of expected length to be traversed to reach a decision) decision trees, we propose a new node splitting measure for decision tree construction. We show that the proposed measure is convex and cumulative and utilize this in the construction of decision trees for classification. Results obtained from several datasets from the UCI repository show that the proposed measure results in decision trees that are more compact with classification accuracy that is comparable to that obtained using popular node splitting measures such as Gain Ratio and the Gini Index. 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.