LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Compositional Asymmetric Cooperations for Process Algebras with Probabilities, Priorities, and Time

The modeling and analysis experience with process algebras has shown the necessity of extending them with priority, probabilistic internal/external choice, and time in order to be able to faithfully model the behavior of real systems and capture the properties of interest. An important open problem in this scenario is how to obtain semantic compositionality in the presence of all these features, to allow for an efficient analysis. Starting from a Markovian process algebra, i.e. a process algebra incorporating exponentially distributed durations, the objective of this paper is to show how to add the expressive features above while preserving compositionality. Theoretically speaking, we argue that, when abandoning the classical nondeterministic setting by considering the features above, a natural solution is to break the symmetry of the roles of the processes participating in a synchronization. We accomplish this by distinguishing between master actions – the choice among which is carried out generatively according to their priorities/probabilities or exponentially distributed durations – and slave actions – the choice among which is carried out reactively according to their priorities/probabilities – and by imposing that a master action can synchronize with slave actions only. We show that such an asymmetric cooperation mechanism is natural and easy to understand by means of the novel cooperation structure model. Technically speaking, we define EMPAgr, a Markovian process algebra extended with probabilities, priorities, zero durations, and the generative master-reactive slaves synchronization mechanism. Then, we prove that the synchronization mechanism in EMPAgr is correct w.r.t. the cooperation structure model, we show that the Markovian bisimulation equivalence is a congruence w.r.t. all the operators of EMPAgr as well as recursion, and we present a sound and complete axiomatization of the Markovian bisimulation equivalence for nonrecursive process terms. As far as the Markovian bisimulation equivalence is concerned, we introduce a new notion of Markovian bisimulation up to Markovian bisimulation equivalence, which improves the previous definitions given in the literature, and a new proof technique for showing congruence w.r.t. recursion in Markovian process algebras, which repairs some inaccuracies in the proofs previosly proposed in the literature. 1. Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Informazione, Mura Anteo Zamboni 7, 40127 Bologna, Italy. E-mail: bravetti@cs.unibo.it 2. Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Informatica, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Torino, Italy. E-mail: bernardo@di.unito.it
Link of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background:Population-based interventions aimed at halting the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) require thorough understanding of dietary interplays. Objective is to identify the independent dietary nutrients associated with MetS and its components using dietary pattern identification and the single-nutrient approaches in The United States.Methods:This is a cross-sectional observation. Participants are selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with available dietary intake, biochemical and anthropometrical data from 2001 to 2012. Exposure is diet obtained from 24-h dietary recall. Main outcome measure is MetS and its components.Results:Overall, 23 157 eligible individuals including 6561 with MetS were included in the final analysis. Using principle component analysis, we identified three food patterns that explained 50.8% of the variance of the dietary nutrient consumption. The highest quartile of the factor score representative of saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids or the first dietary pattern was associated with 1.27-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.46, P=0.001) higher odds of association with MetS when compared with the first quartile. The second pattern representative of vitamins and trace elements had an odds ratio of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.89, P<0.001) for association with MetS, and the third pattern representative of polyunsaturated fatty acids did not have any association with MetS. The nutrient-by-nutrient approach showed that mild alcohol intake and lower consumption of total saturated fatty acids and sodium were associated with lower risk of MetS.Conclusions:Application of multiple complementary analytic approaches reveals more comprehensive dietary determinants of MetS and its components as potential intervening targets.
Geosocial Media Data as Predictors in a GWR Application to Forecast Crime Hotspots (Short Paper)

In this paper we forecast hotspots of street crime in Portland, Oregon. Our approach uses geosocial media posts, which define the predictors in geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. We use two predictors that are both derived from Twitter data. The first one is the population at risk of being victim of street crime. The second one is the crime related tweets. These two predictors were used in GWR to create models that depict future street crime hotspots. The predicted hotspots enclosed more than 23% of the future street crimes in 1% of the study area and also outperformed the prediction efficiency of a baseline approach. Future work will focus on optimizing the prediction parameters and testing the applicability of this approach to other mobile crime types. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Information systems → Geographic information systems
Implementing IPv6 as a Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network

This paper proposes to implement an IPv6 routing infrastructure as a self-organizing overlay network on top of the current IPv4 infrastructure. The overlay network builds upon a distributed IPv6 edge router with a master/slave architecture. We show how different slaves can be constructed to tunnel through NATs and firewalls, as well as to improve the robustness of the routing infrastructure and to provide efficient and resilient implementations for features such as multicast, anycast, and mobile IP, using currently available peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols. The resulting IPv6 overlay network would restore the end-to-end property of the original Internet, support evolution and dynamic updating of the protocols running on the overlay network, make available IPv6 and the associated features to network applications immediately, and provide an ideal underlying infrastructure for P2P applications, without changing networking hardware and software in the core Internet.
Nitrous oxide anesthesia-associated myelopathy.

BACKGROUND
The role of nitrous oxide exposure in neurologic complications of subclinical cobalamin deficiency has been reported, but few cases are well documented.


OBSERVATION
Two weeks after surgery for prosthetic adenoma, a 69-year-old man developed ascending paresthesia of the limbs, severe ataxia of gait, tactile sensory loss on the 4 limbs and trunk, and absent tendon reflexes. After a second surgical intervention, the patient became confused. Four months after onset, the patient had paraplegia, severe weakness of the upper limbs, cutaneous anesthesia sparing the head, and confusion. Moderate macrocytosis, low serum B12 levels, and a positive Schilling test result led to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Results of electrophysiologic examinations showed a diffuse demyelinating neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord disclosed hyperintensities of the dorsal columns on T2-weighted images.


CONCLUSIONS
Pernicious anemia can result in severe neurologic symptoms with only mild hematologic changes. The role of nitrous oxide anesthesia in revealing subclinical B12 deficiency must be emphazised. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord might be helpful in making the diagnosis.
Acute diffuse and total alopecia: A new subtype of alopecia areata with a favorable prognosis.

BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata (AA) appears in several clinical forms, all having different clinical courses and different prognoses. Acute diffuse and total alopecia (ADTA) has been reported to have a short clinical course ranging from acute hair loss to total baldness, followed by rapid recovery.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical course and prognosis of ADTA through precise clinical observations.


METHODS
Thirty Korean patients who showed ADTA of the scalp within an average of 10 weeks after the onset of hair loss were studied.


RESULTS
Most patients were women who were older than 20 years of age. The histopathology of the lesion revealed infiltration of mononuclear cells around the hair follicles and prominent pigment incontinence. The patients experienced hair regrowth within about 6 months, without regard to the method of treatment.


LIMITATIONS
The duration of follow-up after remission ranged from 3 to 49 months, with a mean of 24 months.


CONCLUSIONS
These cases can be categorized as having "acute diffuse and total alopecia," a new subtype of AA that is associated with a favorable prognosis and rapid and spontaneous recovery even without treatment.
Wind turbine pitch faults prognosis using a-priori knowledge-based ANFIS

Keywords: Wind turbine Fault prognosis Fault detection Pitch system ANFIS Neuro-fuzzy A-priori knowledge a b s t r a c t The fast growing wind industry has shown a need for more sophisticated fault prognosis analysis in the critical and high value components of a wind turbine (WT). Current WT studies focus on improving their reliability and reducing the cost of energy, particularly when WTs are operated offshore. WT Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems contain alarms and signals that could provide an early indication of component fault and allow the operator to plan system repair prior to complete failure. Several research programmes have been made for that purpose; however, the resulting cost savings are limited because of the data complexity and relatively low number of failures that can be easily detected in early stages. A new fault prognosis procedure is proposed in this paper using a-priori knowledge-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). This has the aim to achieve automated detection of significant pitch faults, which are known to be significant failure modes. With the advantage of a-priori knowledge incorporation, the proposed system has improved ability to interpret the previously unseen conditions and thus fault diagnoses are improved. In order to construct the proposed system, the data of the 6 known WT pitch faults were used to train the system with a-priori knowledge incorporated. The effectiveness of the approach was demonstrated using three metrics: (1) the trained system was tested in a new wind farm containing 26 WTs to show its prognosis ability; (2) the first test result was compared to a general alarm approach; (3) a Confusion Matrix analysis was made to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach. The result of this research has demonstrated that the proposed a-priori knowledge-based ANFIS (APK-ANFIS) approach has strong potential for WT pitch fault prognosis. Wind is currently the fastest growing renewable energy source for electrical generation around the world. It is expected that a large number of wind turbines (WTs), especially offshore, will be employed in the near future (EWEA, 2011; Krohn, Morthorst, & Awerbuch, 2009). Following a rapid acceleration of wind energy development in the early 21st century, WT manufacturers are beginning to focus on improving their cost of energy. WT operational performance is critical to the cost of energy. This is because Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs constitute a significant share of the annual cost of a wind …
Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA.

BACKGROUND
Combination antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin may reduce the rate of recurrent stroke during the first 3 months after a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). A trial of combination antiplatelet therapy in a Chinese population has shown a reduction in the risk of recurrent stroke. We tested this combination in an international population.


METHODS
In a randomized trial, we assigned patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA to receive either clopidogrel at a loading dose of 600 mg on day 1, followed by 75 mg per day, plus aspirin (at a dose of 50 to 325 mg per day) or the same range of doses of aspirin alone. The dose of aspirin in each group was selected by the site investigator. The primary efficacy outcome in a time-to-event analysis was the risk of a composite of major ischemic events, which was defined as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from an ischemic vascular event, at 90 days.


RESULTS
A total of 4881 patients were enrolled at 269 international sites. The trial was halted after 84% of the anticipated number of patients had been enrolled because the data and safety monitoring board had determined that the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin was associated with both a lower risk of major ischemic events and a higher risk of major hemorrhage than aspirin alone at 90 days. Major ischemic events occurred in 121 of 2432 patients (5.0%) receiving clopidogrel plus aspirin and in 160 of 2449 patients (6.5%) receiving aspirin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.95; P=0.02), with most events occurring during the first week after the initial event. Major hemorrhage occurred in 23 patients (0.9%) receiving clopidogrel plus aspirin and in 10 patients (0.4%) receiving aspirin plus placebo (hazard ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.10 to 4.87; P=0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA, those who received a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin had a lower risk of major ischemic events but a higher risk of major hemorrhage at 90 days than those who received aspirin alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; POINT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00991029 .).
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nicotiana tobaccum leaf extract and study of their antibacterial effect

Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, 388121, India. 2 Amity institute of microbial technology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, U.P., 201303, India. 3 Nano and Computational Materials Lab, Catalysis Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune 411008, India.
Design , development and characterization of serratiopeptidase loaded albumin nanoparticles

Article history: Received on: 18/11/2014 Revised on: 09/12/2014 Accepted on: 11/01/2015 Available online: 27/02/2015 In recent years, albumin nanoparticles have been widely studied for delivery of various active pharmaceuticals with enhanced accumulation at the site of inflammation. Albumin is a versatile carrier to prepare nanoparticles and nanospheres due to its easy availability in pure form, biodegradability non-toxic and non-immunogenic nature. The mechanism of action of Serratiopeptidase appears to be hydrolysis of histamine, bradykinin and serotonin. Serratiopeptidase also has a proteolytic and fibrinolytic effect. Protein i.e. bovine serum albumin was used to entrap serratiopeptidase enzyme. Protease activity of the enzyme was checked and method was validated to access the active enzyme concentration during formulation. Solvent desolvation method was used for the preparation of BSA nanoparticles. Effect of buffer pH was checked on the enzyme activity. Chloroform was selected and used as solvent for nanoparticle preparation. Effect of various variables such as concentration of BSA, agitation rate, glutarldehyde concentration, time of crosslinking etc. on the formulation was studied. Formed nanoparticles were characterized for drug content, in-vitro release, entrapment efficiency, particle size and size distribution. The formed serratiopeptidase loaded albumin nanoparticles may be used for the treatment of arthritis.
Design of DLC Layer for wireless QoS

In this paper, we propose a structure of the DLC (data link control) protocol layer, which consists of the functional component, with radio resource channel allocation method. It is operated by the state of current traffic volume for the efficiency of radio resource utilization. Different adequate components will be taken by the current traffic state, especially fraction based data transmission buffer control method for the QoS (quality of service) assurance
Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 is predominantly related to intermediate density lipoproteins.

OBJECTIVES
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor processing, but the PCSK9 pathway may also be implicated in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here we determined the relationship of plasma PCSK9 with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL subfractions.


DESIGN AND METHODS
The relationship of plasma PCSK9 (sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with 3 very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and 3 low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) was determined in 52 subjects (30 women).


RESULTS
In age- and sex-adjusted analysis plasma PCSK9 was correlated positively with total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (r=0.516 to 0.547, all p<0.001), as well as with triglycerides (r=0.286, p=0.044). PCSK9 was correlated with the VLDL particle concentration (r=0.336, p=0.017) and with the LDL particle concentration (r=0.362, p=0.010), but only the relationship with the LDL particle concentration remained significant in multivariable linear regression analysis. In an analysis which included the 3 LDL subfractions, PCSK9 was independently related to intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) (p<0.001), but not to other LDL subfractions.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that plasma PCSK9 predominantly relates to IDL, a triglyceride-rich LDL subfraction. The PCSK9 pathway may affect plasma triglycerides via effects on the metabolism of triglyceride-rich LDL particles.
Paleogeographic reconstruction and origin of the Philippine Sea

Seno, T. and Maruyama, S., 1984. Pal~geo~ap~c reconstruction and origin of the Philippine Sea. In: R.L. Carlson and K. Kobayasbi (Editors), Geodynamics of Back-arc Regions. ~ectonopkysics, 102: 53-84. Our reconstruction of the Philippine Sea suggests that it formed by two distinct episodes of back-arc spreading, each of which resulted from seaward retreat of the trench. In the first episode, the protoIzu-Bonin Trench retreated northward and the West Philippine Basin formed behind the northern half of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge. In the second episode, the Izu-Mariana Trench retreated eastward and the Shikoku and Parece Vela Basins formed behind it. During the last 17 Ma, the Philippine Sea basin has been moving northwestward with respect to Eurasia shifting the ‘ITT triple junction off central Japan westward by about 50 km. The motion of the P~tippine Sea with respect to Eurasia at the triple junction changed from north-no~hw~tward to west-northwestward 10-5 Ma ago. For the period before 17 Ma ago, we construct two models, retreating trench model and anchored slab model. The Izu-Bonin Trench migrated from south to northeast rotating in a clock-wise sense since 48 Ma ago in the retreating trench model. In the anchored slab model, the trench has been fixed with respect to Eurasian margin since 43 Ma ago. We prefer the retreating trench model because the deformation of the plate boundary along the eastern margin of Eurasia during 30-17 Ma ago is much simpler for this model than for the anchored slab model. Furthermore rotations of the Bonin-Mariana islands are consistent with those predicted from the retreating trench model. The 48 Ma ages of the northern part of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge and of Chichi-Jima of the Bonin Islands indicate that there was subduction beneath the northern half of the ridge beginning at least 48 Ma ago. From this and the subp~alle~sm in trend between the northern part of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge and the Central Basin Ridge, we propose that the major part of the West Philippine Basin formed by back-arc spreading in a N-S direction behind the northern part of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge. The Pacific plate was moving northward with respect to hot-spots from 48 to 43 Ma ago, which implies that the Pacific plate is not likely to have been subducting beneath the West Philippine Basin during this time. We speculate that 1 Present address: IntemationaI Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Res. Inst., Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref., Japan 305. * Present address: Dept. of Education, Toyama University, Gyofuku, Toyama, Toyama Pref., Japan 930-11.
Effectiveness and safety of salmeterol in nonspecialist practice settings.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of inhaled salmeterol in patients managed in nonspecialist practice settings.


DESIGN
A randomized, double-blind, 6-month, parallel-group study involving 253 centers.


SETTING
Primarily nonspecialist practices (n = 232).


PATIENTS
A total of 911 subjects (417 men; 494 women) who met American Thoracic Society asthma criteria were enrolled and randomized to treatment with either twice-daily salmeterol aerosol (50 microg; n = 455) or matching placebo twice daily (n = 456). Both groups were allowed to take salbutamol as needed. All subjects were previously treated with anti-inflammatory maintenance therapy that was continued throughout the study.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
The primary outcome variable was the proportion of subjects with serious asthma exacerbations defined as an exacerbation requiring hospitalization, emergency department visit, or use of prednisone during the treatment period. A total of 712 subjects competed the study. There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects experiencing serious exacerbations between the salmeterol and placebo groups (20.8% vs 20.9%, respectively; p = 0.935; power > 88%). Peak expiratory flow was significantly higher in the salmeterol group (398 L/min vs 386 L/min for placebo; p < 0.01). Median daily use of salbutamol was two inhalations for the salmeterol group and three inhalations for placebo (p < 0.001). The proportion of subjects sleeping through the night was significantly higher in the salmeterol group (74%) as compared to placebo (68%; p = 0.028).


CONCLUSIONS
Salmeterol treatment is effective in subjects typically cared for in the primary-care setting and does not increase the frequency of severe exacerbations.