LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Concurrence of big data analytics and healthcare: A systematic review

BACKGROUND
The application of Big Data analytics in healthcare has immense potential for improving the quality of care, reducing waste and error, and reducing the cost of care.


PURPOSE
This systematic review of literature aims to determine the scope of Big Data analytics in healthcare including its applications and challenges in its adoption in healthcare. It also intends to identify the strategies to overcome the challenges.


DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of the articles was carried out on five major scientific databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Emerald, IEEE Xplore and Taylor & Francis. The articles on Big Data analytics in healthcare published in English language literature from January 2013 to January 2018 were considered.


STUDY SELECTION
Descriptive articles and usability studies of Big Data analytics in healthcare and medicine were selected.


DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently extracted information on definitions of Big Data analytics; sources and applications of Big Data analytics in healthcare; challenges and strategies to overcome the challenges in healthcare.


RESULTS
A total of 58 articles were selected as per the inclusion criteria and analyzed. The analyses of these articles found that: (1) researchers lack consensus about the operational definition of Big Data in healthcare; (2) Big Data in healthcare comes from the internal sources within the hospitals or clinics as well external sources including government, laboratories, pharma companies, data aggregators, medical journals etc.; (3) natural language processing (NLP) is most widely used Big Data analytical technique for healthcare and most of the processing tools used for analytics are based on Hadoop; (4) Big Data analytics finds its application for clinical decision support; optimization of clinical operations and reduction of cost of care (5) major challenge in adoption of Big Data analytics is non-availability of evidence of its practical benefits in healthcare.


CONCLUSION
This review study unveils that there is a paucity of information on evidence of real-world use of Big Data analytics in healthcare. This is because, the usability studies have considered only qualitative approach which describes potential benefits but does not take into account the quantitative study. Also, majority of the studies were from developed countries which brings out the need for promotion of research on Healthcare Big Data analytics in developing countries.
Use of PERC Pico in the AIDA avionics platform

In this paper, we present the DIANA experiment on the use of Java in avionics safety critical applications. First, we discuss some concerns about the porting of the Java platform on the ARINC 653 operating system. Then the paper focuses on some important features of the Safety Critical Java Technology adopted in the project. Particular attention is turned on the Java memory model which is stack-based as opposed to the ongoing JSR-302 memory regions model. Benefits and issues of this approach are discussed through a real use case implementation representing part of a Flight Warning System.
Comparison of fault currents in multiterminal HVDC grids with different grounding schemes

The requirements of dc circuit breakers used to protect multiterminal HVDC networks are specified by the prospective fault current. The fault current, however, strongly depends on the grounding scheme of the network. Low-ohmic and high-impedance earthing practices with different grounding points are presented and compared with each other in terms of fault currents and overvoltages during a pole-to-ground fault. To do so, monopolar and bipolar configurations of a multiterminal HVDC cable network are implemented in PSCAD and simulations are performed.
Human Motion Analysis with Wearable Inertial Sensors

High-resolution, quantitative data obtained by a human motion capture system can be used to better understand the cause of many diseases for effective treatments. Talking about the daily care of the aging population, two issues are critical. One is to continuously track motions and position of aging people when they are at home, inside a building or in the unknown environment; the other is to monitor their health status in real time when they are in the free-living environment. Continuous monitoring of human movement in their natural living environment potentially provide more valuable feedback than these in laboratory settings. However, it has been extremely challenging to go beyond laboratory and obtain accurate measurements of human physical activity in free-living environments. Commercial motion capture systems produce excellent in-studio capture and reconstructions, but offer no comparable solution for acquisition in everyday environments. Therefore in this dissertation, a wearable human motion analysis system is developed for continuously tracking human motions, monitoring health status, positioning human location and recording the itinerary. In this dissertation, two systems are developed for seeking aforementioned two goals: tracking human body motions and positioning a human. Firstly, an inertialbased human body motion tracking system with our developed inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced. By arbitrarily attaching a wearable IMU to each segment, segment motions can be measured and translated into inertial data by IMUs. A human model can be reconstructed in real time based on the inertial data by applying
Natural Products as a Source for Novel Analgesic Compounds

Natural products have an important role in the discovery of analgesic drugs along with the determining of the complex mechanisms involved in pain transmission and pain relief. Lately, several substances with antinociceptive actions have been purified from natural sources and further identified, resulting in novel structural classes and more understanding of the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of actions. Yet, natural products still hold great potential for the discovery of novel agents for treatment of pain disorders and potentially drug addictions with exciting pharmacological profiles (i.e. no side effects, no addictive potential). The aim of this chapter is to highlight some active compounds derived from natural sources that possess analgesic properties. Additionally, the identification of new compounds derived from natural sources could lead to great understanding of the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of action, which will be addressed in this chapter as well.
Cost Effectiveness of Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with Entacapone in the United States

Objective: To determine the cost effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with entacapone versus standard treatment (levodopa) without entacapone for patients in the US with Parkinson’s disease (PD)who experience ‘off-time’ (re-emergence of the symptoms of PD) while receiving levodopa. Study Design: A Markov model was used to estimate 5-year costs and effectiveness of standard treatment with and without entacapone. Methods: Probabilities, unit costs, resource utilisation data and utilities were obtained from published literature, clinical trial reports, a national database, and clinical experts. PD disability was measured using the daily proportion of off-time and Hoehn and Yahr scale scores. The analysis measured costs from a societal and third-party payer perspective, and effectiveness as gains in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and years without progression to >25% off-time. Results: From a societal perspective, entacapone therapy resulted in an incremental cost of $US9327 per QALY gained compared with standard treatment. Treatment with entacapone also provided an additional 7.6 months with ≤25% off-time/day compared with standard treatment. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model is sensitive to changes in rates of improvement/deterioration of off-time, and to the number of doses per day of levodopa with adjunctive entacapone. Conclusions: The addition of entacapone to standard treatment for patients receiving levodopa who experience off-time provides additional QALYs and gain in time with minimal fluctuations. Results of this modelling exercise suggest that therapy with entacapone may be cost effective when compared with standard treatment for PD.
Stress myocardial perfusion imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance provides strong prognostic value to cardiac events in patients with diabetes

Background In patients with diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality and results in substantial morbidity. Non-invasive detection of CAD in diabetic patients is challenged by silent ischemia and microvascular disease. Pharmacological stress CMR perfusion imaging (CMRPI) may identify evidence of flow limiting CAD at high resolution and tissue contrast. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that stress CMRPI can provide robust prognostication to identify diabetic patients at high risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Design of Resonant Global Clock Distributions

This paper presents a new approach to global clock distribution in which traditional tree-driven grids are augmented with onchip inductors to resonate the clock capacitance at the fundamental frequency of the clock node. Rather than being dissipated as heat, the energy of the fundamental resonates between electric and magnetic forms. The clock drivers must only provide the energy necessary to overcomelosses. As a result, power reductionof over 80% is possible depending on the Q of the resonant system. Clock latency is also improved because the effective capacitance of the grid is lower, and fewer buffer stages are necessary to drive the grid. Skew and jitter reductions come about because of this reduced buffer latency.
The role of cultural attributes in savings rates

Purpose – The motivation for conducting this research came from the current global economic crisis. One outcome of the crisis is the awareness of the need for a better understanding of what causes people to save. Low savings rates in Western countries in general and in the USA in particular are the roots of the crisis. Furthermore, saving is probably one of the most important economic variables that impact the local and global environment. The current economic literature neglects the crucial impact that culture has on saving as a consequence we do not fully understand the causes of different saving rates in different societies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the variable of cultural attitudes as an explanation for variations in national savings rates.Design/methodology/approach – The phenomenon of diminishing personal savings cannot be explained simply by the variables studied in the current economic literature, such as interest rates, age of the population and wealth as expressed by GDP per capi...
Microbial community changes in heathland soil communities along a geographical gradient: interaction with climate change manipulations

Climate change constitutes a serious threat for European heathlands as unlike other sources of damage, such as over-grazing, local remediation is not a possibility. Within the large pan-European projects, CLIMOOR and VULCAN, the effect of periodic drought and increased temperature were investigated in four heathland ecosystems along a geographical and climatic gradient across Europe. Fluorogenically labelled substrates for four enzymes (glucosidase, sulphatase, phosphatase, leucine amino peptidase) were used to measure extra-cellular enzyme activity in soil samples from each of the CLIMOOR sites. Microbial extra-cellular enzyme production is linked to microbial activity as well as soil physico-chemical properties, making soil enzymes one of the more reactive components of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially excellent indicators of soil microbial functional status and diversity. Across all sites and over all the substrates, organic matter content was exponentially, inversely related to enzyme activity. Although the increase in temperature produced by the CLIMOOR roofs was small (on average 0.9 8C), this was sufficient to increase enzyme activity in all sites (on average by 45%). The increase was within the range of seasonal variability at each of the sites. The effect of drought on enzyme activity was more pronounced in the Northern European sites than the southern European, and most moisture limited, site. This suggests that the effect of temperature increases may be observed across all regions; however, the soils of northern Europe may be more sensitive to changes in rainfall patterns than more moisture limited Southern European soils. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objective and perceived arousal during performance of tasks with elements of social threat: the influence of anxiety sensitivity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Physiological arousal serves to maintain social anxiety disorder by skewing self-perception. Anxiety sensitivity is associated with the disorder and exaggerated perceptions of arousal, but has not been tested as explaining exaggerated perceived arousal in social contexts. The aim of this investigation was to address this issue.


METHODS
A total of 42 individuals participated in three tasks associated with potential social threat (i.e., a speech, typing task, hyperventilation) and completed measures of trait social anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. State anxiety, perceived arousal, and objective arousal were assessed during each task.


RESULTS
Trait social anxiety and anxiety sensitivity were correlated with state anxiety and perceived arousal, but not objective arousal, during the tasks. Anxiety sensitivity mediated the relationships between trait social anxiety and perceived arousal and between trait social anxiety and state anxiety for the typing and hyperventilation tasks.


LIMITATIONS
Although the sample likely included a number of individuals with social anxiety disorder, the sample was mostly comprised of individuals without a diagnosis. The current results can be extended to clinical presentations to some extent, but future research is needed to further explore the demonstrated relationships in samples of individuals with social anxiety disorder.


CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety sensitivity may play a crucial role in perceptions of arousal and state anxiety in the context of potential social threats, warranting attention from researchers and clinicians focussing on social anxiety disorder.
Complex societies : The evolutionary origins of a crude superorganism.

The complexity of human societies of the past few thousand years rivals that of social insect societies. We hypothesize that two sets of social "instincts" underpin and constrain the evolution of complex societies. One set is ancient and shared with other social primate species, and one is derived and unique to our lineage. The latter evolved by the late Pleistocene, and led to the evolution of institutions of intermediate complexity in acephalous societies. The institutions of complex societies often conflict with our social instincts. The complex societies of the past few thousand years can function only because cultural evolution has created effective "work-arounds" to manage such instincts. We describe a series of work-arounds and use the data on the relative effectiveness of WWII armies to test the work-around hypothesis.
On the Regulatory Approval Pathway of Biosimilar Products

Biosimilars (or follow-on biologics) are a new class of medicine which enters the market subsequent to a previously approved version. They have demonstrated similarity to innovator biologic products in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. The EMA has taken the lead in the regulatory approval framework for biosimilar products, and WHO has published guidelines on the evaluation of biosimilars in order to facilitate the global harmonization. Based on EMA and WHO guidelines, many other countries such as Canada, Japan and Korea have also issued their own guidance for evaluating follow-on biologics. The US FDA was authorized to approve follow-on biologics by the BPCI Act passed by the US Congress on March 23, 2010, and has just issued a draft guidance in early 2012. The basic concepts and main principles of approving biosimilars are similar among various nations, notwithstanding some differences in regard to the scope, the choice of reference product, and the data requirement. This article reviews the regulatory approval pathway of biosimilar products in different regions.
Wideband-Switchable Metamaterial Absorber Using Injected Liquid Metal

Metamaterial absorbers can provide good solutions for radar-cross-section (RCS) reduction. In spite of their attractive features of thinness, lightness, and low cost, resonant metamaterial absorbers have a drawback of narrow bandwidth. For practical radar applications, wideband absorbers are necessary. In this paper, we propose a wideband-switchable metamaterial absorber using liquid metal. In order to reduce RCS both for X-band and C-band, the switchable Jerusalem cross (JC) resonator is introduced. The JC resonator consists of slotted circular rings, chip resistors, and microfluidic channels. The JC resonator is etched on a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), and the microfluidic channels are laser-etched on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. The proposed absorber can switch the absorption frequency band by injecting a liquid metal alloy into the channels. The performance of the absorber was demonstrated through full-wave simulation and through measurements employing prototypes. The experimental results showed absorption ratios of over 90% from 7.43 GHz to 14.34 GHz, and from 5.62 GHz to 7.3 GHz, with empty channels and liquid metal-filled channels, respectively. Therefore, the absorption band was successfully switched between the C-band (4-8 GHz) and the X-band (8-12 GHz) by injecting liquid metal eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) into the channels.
Measuring robustness of complex networks under MVC attack

Measuring robustness of complex networks is a fundamental task for analyzing the structure and function of complex networks. In this paper, we study the network robustness under the maximal vertex coverage (MVC) attack, where the attacker aims to delete as many edges of the network as possible by attacking a small fraction of nodes. First, we present two robustness metrics of complex networks based on MVC attack. We then propose an efficient randomized greedy algorithm with near-optimal performance guarantee for computing the proposed metrics. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on 20 real datasets. The results show that P2P and co-authorship networks are extremely robust under the MVC attack while both the online social networks and the Email communication networks exhibit vulnerability under the MVC attack. In addition, the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms for computing the corresponding robustness metrics.
Risk factors for accidental dural puncture during epidural anesthesia for laboring women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Accidental dural puncture (ADP) during epidural analgesia is a debilitating complication. Symptoms of ADP post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) are headache while rising from supine to upright position, nausea, and neck stiffness. While age, gender and needle characteristics are established risk factors for ADP, little is known about risk factors in laboring women.


METHODS
All cases of ADP during epidural analgesia treated with blood-patching during a 3-years period were retrospectively reviewed. Each case was matched to two controls according to delivery period.


RESULTS
Forty-nine cases of blood patches after ADP out 17 977 epidural anesthesia procedures were identified (0.27%). No differences were found between cases and controls with regards to body mass index, labor stage at time of epidural, length of second stage, location of epidural along the lumbar vertebrae, anesthesiologist's experience or time when epidural was done. In cases of ADP, significantly lower doses of local anesthetics were injected (10.9 versus 13.5 cc, p < 0.001); anesthesiologists reported significantly more trials of epidurals (70 versus 2.8% more than one trial, p < 0.001), more patient movement during the procedure (13 versus 0%, p < 0.001), more intra-procedure suspicion of ADP (69 versus 0%, p < 0.001) and more cases where CSF/blood was drawn with the syringe (57 versus 2.4%, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
ADP during labor is a rare but debilitating complication. Risk factors for this iatrogenic complication include patient movement and repeated epidural trials. Intra-procedure identification of ADP is common, allowing early intervention with blood patching where indicated.
Twisted pedunculated subserosal uterine leiomyoma , a rare disease

*Corresponding Author EMail: thanasasg@hotmail.com This case report is about the surgical treatment of a patient with twisted pedunculated subserosal uterine fibroid. A patient in reproductive age visited our emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Mostly physical examination and laboratory tests and less abdominal ultrasonography put the suspicion of a twisted adnexal mass and the patient underwent emergency laparotomy. Intraoperative, a solid pedunculated subserosal uterine mass with total necrosis was found and excision of the necrotic tissue was performed. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of twisted pedunculated subserosal uterine fibroid. After a 5 day hospitalization and a smooth postoperative course the patient was discharged of our clinic. In this paper a literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease based on current data is discussed.
Cellular Resolution Functional Imaging in Behaving Rats Using Voluntary Head Restraint

High-throughput operant conditioning systems for rodents provide efficient training on sophisticated behavioral tasks. Combining these systems with technologies for cellular resolution functional imaging would provide a powerful approach to study neural dynamics during behavior. Here we describe an integrated two-photon microscope and behavioral apparatus that allows cellular resolution functional imaging of cortical regions during epochs of voluntary head restraint. Rats were trained to initiate periods of restraint up to 8 s in duration, which provided the mechanical stability necessary for in vivo imaging while allowing free movement between behavioral trials. A mechanical registration system repositioned the head to within a few microns, allowing the same neuronal populations to be imaged on each trial. In proof-of-principle experiments, calcium-dependent fluorescence transients were recorded from GCaMP-labeled cortical neurons. In contrast to previous methods for head restraint, this system can be incorporated into high-throughput operant conditioning systems.
Evaluating performance of Android platform using native C for embedded systems

The Android platform used for mobile devices can be applied to embedded systems, such as robot control systems. Developers should create applications by using Java language provided by Android SDK for embedded systems operated via Android platforms. However, in many existing embedded systems, developers have written applications for controlling the system by using C language. Android NDK makes it possible for developers to easily reuse such legacy code written in C/C++ languages. In this paper, we show the difference in terms of performance between an Android application using native code library from C source and an Android application using the same algorithm written in Java language only. We conducted an experiment on five parts: JNI communication delay, integer calculation, floating-point calculation, memory access algorithm, and heap memory allocation algorithm. This paper presents a guideline for an effective way to use native code libraries in Android applications.