LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses

Risk management has become a vital topic both in academia and practice during the past several decades. Most business intelligence tools have been used to enhance risk management, and the risk management tools have benefited from business intelligence approaches. This introductory article provides a review of the state-ofthe-art research in business intelligence in risk management, and of the work that has been accepted for publication in this issue.
Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: the effectiveness of part-time bracing.

STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective review of 34 patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) treated with a nighttime bending brace.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of part-time bracing in JIS.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Although previous bracing studies have focused on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, no authors have dealt specifically with part-time bracing for JIS.


METHODS
Twenty-three patients included in the study met the following criteria: curves greater than 20 degrees and Risser zero at initiation of bracing, brace wear more than 12 months, completion of the bracing program and Risser sign greater than or equal to 4 at final follow-up. Patients were analyzed according to 3 groups: (1) success (progression equal or less than 5 degrees), (2) progression more than 5 degrees (but not requiring surgery and achieving curve stabilization at skeletal maturity), and (3) surgery (curve progressing to greater than 45 degrees ) with failure of bracing treatment during skeletal immaturity.


RESULTS
Seven boys and 16 girls with a total of 37 curves were analyzed. The average age at referral and initiation of bracing was 8.3 and 10.3 years, respectively. Average curve magnitude at time of bracing was 30 degrees. Length of bracing averaged 3.7 years with follow-up after brace discontinuation of 2.5 years. Nine patients met the criteria for success, with 7 patients progressing and 7 patients eventually requiring spinal fusion. Of the 37 curves, 19 (51%) were successfully managed in the brace. The magnitude of curvature at initiation of bracing did not relate to a successful outcome, whereas success did correlate with higher radiographic in-brace correction. Given the longer course of treatment for JIS patients, part-time bracing offers potential psychosocial and compliance benefits.


CONCLUSION
Part-time bracing in JIS is successful and is better than the natural history.
Sperm motility after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with lightweight meshes: 3-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial

To analyse the effects of lightweight meshes in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair on male fertility aspects, chronic pain development and recurrence at 3-year follow-up. Fifty-nine male patients with a primary, unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia were randomised to laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using a standard polypropylene (Marlex®) or lightweight mesh (VyproII®, TiMesh®). Patients attended clinical follow-up 3 years postoperatively, at which male fertility aspects, by semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound, chronic pain status (McGill Pain Questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36) and recurrence were assessed, or completed quality of life, pain and hernia-specific questionnaires at home. In total, 49 patients (83.1 %) completed follow-up (median follow-up = 39.1 months), by questionnaire and/or clinical follow-up. As other semen parameters and scrotal ultrasound results, sperm motility was unchanged compared to 1 year postoperatively, but not significantly different between VyproII® and TiMesh® versus Marlex® patients (−8.5 % and −8 % vs. −2.8 %; P = 0.23). Pain perception and quality of life were comparable between the heavyweight and lightweight groups, and no change was noted in comparison with 1 year postoperatively. Chronic pain incidence was 6.1 % (3 patients), without occurrence of disabling pain. Three patients were clinically diagnosed with a recurrent hernia (5.9 %). The decrease in sperm motility in patients operated on with a lightweight mesh compared to patients operated on with a heavyweight mesh 1 year after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair could not be confirmed at 3 years follow-up. Furthermore, heavyweight and lightweight groups were comparable regarding quality of life, chronic pain and recurrence rate.
The two voices of Alzheimer's: attitudes toward brain health by diagnosed individuals and support persons.

PURPOSE
Most individuals with Alzheimer's are cared for in their homes by unpaid family members. Research on caregiving focuses disproportionally on costs of care, service utilization, and negative psychosocial outcomes. Few narrative accounts of Alzheimer's exist; those that do suffer similar pejorative framings and narrow foci. No studies that we are aware of examine the health beliefs of diagnosed individuals and support persons, or their attitudes about brain health. This research reports perceptions of "aging well" held by those most intimately acquainted with Alzheimer's.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Diagnosed individuals and their support persons (N = 85) were enrolled into 14 focus groups. Grounded theory methods were used to collect, code, and analyze textual interview data into overarching themes.


RESULTS
Respondents found physical and mental health, social activity, independence, and happiness integral to aging well. An acceptance of various limitations was also deemed crucial. Support persons placed more emphasis on lifestyle factors and memory loss as potential obstacles. Diagnosed respondents defined memory loss in less medicalized terms, whereas support persons labeled it Alzheimer's and negatively characterized those affected. Both groups warned against discussing "prevention" of dementia: Diagnosed individuals noted the implication of "aging poorly" and support persons cautioned against blaming diagnosed individuals.


IMPLICATIONS
These findings can be used to encourage positive health beliefs and behaviors tailored to the needs of diagnosed seniors and their families, to help practitioners and researchers identify and become sensitive to differences between and among older adults, and to further advance the utility of narrative accounts for informing health interventions and education efforts.
On the value of temporal information in information retrieval

Time is an important dimension of any information space and can be very useful in information retrieval. Current information retrieval systems and applications do not take advantage of all the time information available in the content of documents to provide better search results and user experience. In this paper we show some of the areas that can benefit from exploiting such temporal information.
Improved cardiovascular prevention using best CME practices: a randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION
It was hypothesized that after a continuing medical education (CME) event, practice enablers and reinforcers addressing main clinical barriers to preventive care would be more effective in improving general practitioners' (GPs) adherence to cardiovascular guidelines than a CME event only.


METHODS
A cluster-randomized trial was conducted on a convenience sample of 122 GPs who were randomly assigned to either CME only (control group) or CME with practice enablers and reinforcers (PER group). In the PER group, nurses visited GPs' offices once a month to implement the clinical intervention on patients > or = 55 years old with a scheduled visit in the month following the nurse visit: (1) screening medical records for potentially undermanaged high-risk patients; (2) prompting physicians to reassess preventive care in these patients; (3) enclosing a checklist reporting most recent information relevant to guidelines' implementation; and (4) enclosing a summary of experts' recommendations in the form of a follow-up and treatment algorithm.


RESULTS
A retrospective chart audit of 2344 consenting patients, potentially undermanaged at baseline, demonstrated that the PER intervention following CME significantly improved adherence to guidelines compared to CME alone (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.32-2.41).


DISCUSSION
The intervention was designed for self-implementation in primary care practices that have their own nursing staff. PER GPs were highly satisfied with the intervention; the majority said that they would implement it in their practice if someone trained their nurse, thus suggesting support for development of a multiprofessional CME program to disseminate this clinical approach to primary care practice groups.
Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children.

One day, you will discover a new adventure and knowledge by spending more money. But when? Do you think that you need to obtain those all requirements when having much money? Why don't you try to get something simple at first? That's something that will lead you to know more about the world, adventure, some places, history, entertainment, and more? It is your own time to continue reading habit. One of the books you can enjoy now is screening for speech and language delay in preschool children systematic evidence review number 41 here.
SECA: security-enhanced communication architecture

In this work, we propose and investigate the idea of enhancing a System-on-Chip (SoC) communication architecture (the fabric that integrates system components and carries the communication traffic between them) to facilitate higher security. We observe that a wide range of common security attacks are manifested as abnormalities in the system-level communication traffic. Therefore, the communication architecture, with its global system-level visibility, can be used to detect them. The communication architecture can also effectively react to security attacks by disallowing the offending communication transactions, or by notifying appropriate components of a security violation. We describe the general principles involved in a security-enhanced communication architecture (SECA) and show how several security objectives can be encoded in terms of policies that govern the inter-component communication traffic. We detail the implementation of SECA in the context of a popular commercial on-chip bus architecture (the AMBA architecture from ARM) through a combination of a centralized security enforcement module, and enhancements to the bus interfaces of system components. We illustrate how SECA can be used to enhance embedded system security in several application scenarios. A simple instance of SECA has been implemented in a commercial application processor SoC for mobile phones. We provide results of experiments performed to validate the proposed concepts through system-level simulation, and evaluate their overheads through hardware implementation using a commercial design flow.
Effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes.

PURPOSE
To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for the extracts of the leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica against various dermatophytes.


METHODS
Clinical isolates of dermatophytes(Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum nanum) were treated with extracts of leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica (neem) for antifungal activity by in vitro tube dilution technique.


RESULTS
The MIC of neem seed extracts was 31 microg/mL for all the dermatophytes tested. The neem seed extract at 15 microg/mL concentration (below MIC) was observed to be sufficient for distorting the growth pattern of the organisms tested.


CONCLUSIONS
The changes in growth curve of the treated dermatophytes were found to be statistically significant with reference to the untreated fungi.
REDISTRIBUTION, PORK, AND ELECTIONS

Why might citizens vote against redistributive policies from which they would seem to bene t? Many scholars focus on “wedge” issues such as religion or race, but another explanation might be geographically-based patronage or pork. We examine the tension between redistribution and patronage with a model that combines partisan elections across multiple districts with legislation in spatial and divide-the-dollar environments. The model yields a unique equilibrium that describes the circumstances under which poor voters support right-wing parties that favor low taxes and redistribution, and under which rich voters support left-wing parties that favor high taxes and redistribution. The model suggests that one reason standard tax and transfer models of redistribution often do not capture empirical reality is that redistributive transfers are a less ef cient tool for attracting votes than are more targeted policy programs. The model also underlines the central importance of party discipline during legislative bargaining in shaping the importance of redistribution in voter behavior, and it describes why right-wing parties should have an advantage over left-wing ones in majoritarian systems. (JEL: D72) E-mail: jdh39@columbia.edu (Huber); mmt2033@columbia.edu (Ting) Journal of the European Economic Association Preprint prepared on 12 September 2012 using jeea.cls v1.0.
Dose-fractionated radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using DOTA-conjugated, 90Y-radiolabeled, humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, epratuzumab.

PURPOSE
Fractionated radioimmunotherapy may improve therapeutic outcome by decreasing heterogeneity of the dose delivered to the tumor and by decreasing hematologic toxicity, thereby allowing an increased amount of radionuclide to be administered. Because humanized anti-CD22 epratuzumab can be given repeatedly, a single-center study was conducted to establish the feasibility, safety, optimal dosing, and preliminary efficacy of weekly administrations of 90Y-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-conjugated epratuzumab.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Cohorts of three to six patients with B-cell lymphoma received 185 MBq/m2 [90Y]epratuzumab with unconjugated epratuzumab (total protein dose 1.5 mg/kg) once weekly for two to four infusions, with [(111)In]epratuzumab coadministered at first infusion for scintigraphic imaging and dosimetry.


RESULTS
Sixteen patients received treatment without significant infusional reactions. The overall objective response rate was 62% (95% confidence interval, 39-86%) in both indolent (75%) and aggressive disease (50%). Complete responses (CR/CRu) occurred in 25% of patients and were durable (event-free survival, 14-41 months). Two patients receiving four infusions had hematologic dose-limiting toxicity. Serum epratuzumab levels increased with each weekly dose. Of 13 patients with tumor cell CD22 expression determined by flow cytometry, seven of eight with strongly positive results had objective responses, versus one of five with negative or weakly positive results (P = 0.032).


CONCLUSIONS
Radioimmunotherapy with weekly 185 MBq/m2 [90Y]epratuzumab achieved a high objective response rate (62%) across lymphoma subtypes, including durable CRs. The findings that three weekly infusions (555 MBq/m2, total dose) can be administered safely with only minor toxicity, that antibody levels increased during treatment weeks, and that therapeutic response predominantly occurs in patients with unequivocal CD22 tumor expression provide guidance for future studies.
Estimating Structural Bond Pricing Models via Simulated Maximum Likelihood

This paper describes how structural bond pricing models can be estimated using a Simulated Maximum Likelihood procedure developed by Durbin and Koopman (1997). The approach has the advantage that price data on any traded claim (such as bonds, equity, and credit default swaps), as well as information about the balance sheet (e.g. accounting data) can be used in the estimation, improving efficiency. Monte Carlo evidence as well as a small application to real data indicates that this approach is superior to both traditional estimation methods and recently proposed versions of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (Ericsson, Reneby 2002).
Total and percent free prostate-specific antigen levels among U.S. men, 2001-2002.

BACKGROUND
Because total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and, more recently, the percent free PSA are used to screen men for prostate cancer, population-based, age- and race-specific distributions are needed of both PSA tests among American men to estimate the effect of lowering the PSA threshold or widespread introduction of the free PSA test as an additional screening test.


METHODS
We did PSA assays on serum samples from men of ages 40 years and older (n = 1,320) who participated in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.


RESULTS
About 6.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.7-7.7%), corresponding to an estimated 3.4 million (range, 2.7-4.3 million) men nationwide, ages 40 years and older, had a total PSA of >4.0 ng/mL. Among men ages 50 to 69 years old, the age group for which PSA testing is most prevalent, 5.4% or an estimated 900,000 to 2 million men had a total PSA of >4.0 ng/mL. An equal number had a total PSA between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL and a percent free PSA of <25%. Approximately 27% of men in this age group, corresponding to a range of 5.7 to 8.1 million men, had a total PSA <2.5 ng/mL and a percent free PSA of <25%.


CONCLUSION
The effect of lowering the total PSA threshold or introducing another screening test is significant. Provision of the number of U.S. men with certain total PSA and percent free PSA values may help guide prostate cancer public health policy and screening practices.
Dose-response curve to exercise in hypertensive individuals: analysis of the number of sessions to the hypotensive effect.

BACKGROUND
The effect of exercise on blood pressure (BP) is already known; however, the dose-response curve of the hypotensive effect of exercise in hypertensive individuals is yet to be clarified.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the dose-response curve of the number of sessions that are necessary to cause a hypotensive effect in hypertensive individuals.


METHODS
88 individuals, aged 58 +/- 11 years, divided in Experimental group (EG), with 48 that participated in a physical exercise program (PEP), which consisted of 40 minutes of aerobic exercises performed 3x/week, for 3 months, at 70% of the VO2max, and muscular exercises at 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and Control Group (CG) with 40 individuals that did not participate in the PEP. The systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were measured before each of the 36 sessions in the EG and assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in the CG. Differences in BP, the variation rate (D%) and the maximum hypotensive effect (MHE%) were observed between sessions. The data were expressed as means +/- SD; the t test and correlation were used, with p<0.05 being considered significant.


RESULTS
There was no difference regarding BP values in the CG. The EG showed an important decrease of 15 mmHg in SAP and 7 mmHg in DAP, with a large part of this effect occurring as early as the first session and the majority up to the 5th session. There was a strong inverse correlation (R:-0.66) with the number of sessions.


CONCLUSION
An important hypotensive effect was observed from the 1st session on and it was observed that the dose-response curve can be abrupt and decrescent, instead of flat.
The five W's of "bullying" on Twitter: Who, What, Why, Where, and When

This paper explores the utility of machine learning methods for understanding bullying, a significant social-psychological issue in the United States, through social media data. Machine learning methods were applied to all public mentions of bullying on Twitter between September 1, 2011 and August 31, 2013 to extract the posts that referred to discrete bullying episodes (N = 9,764,583) to address five key questions. Most posts were authored by victims and reporters and referred to general forms of bullying. Posts frequently reflected self-disclosure about personal involvement in bullying. The number of posts that originated from a state was positively associated with the state population size; the timing of the posts reveal that more posts were made on weekdays than on Saturdays and more posts were made during the evening compared to daytime hours. Potential benefits of merging social science and computer science methods to enhance the study of bullying are discussed. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of ATP bioluminescence for assessing the cleanliness of hospital surfaces: a review of the published literature (1990-2012).

Hospital cleanliness tends to be considered by patients and the public as an important indicator of the general quality of healthcare. Tests for detecting the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a proxy of microbial contamination are increasing in popularity, and several studies have been conducted on this topic in the last few decades. The aim of the present study was to review the published literature on this topic and summarize and discuss the available results. The review focused on relevant English-language articles that were identified through searches of two databases [PubMed and Scopus (1990-2012)] by using the keywords "ATP", "bioluminescence", "hospital", and "surfaces". Twelve articles were included and analyzed. ATP measurements showed a wide variation, with values ranging from 0 to >500,000 relative light units (RLU)/s before cleaning and from 3 to 500,000RLU/s after cleaning. ATP benchmarks used by authors ranged from 100 to 500RLU/s. The percentage of surfaces exceeding the chosen cut-off limit showed a failure rate varying from 21.2% to 93.1% before cleaning and from 5.3% to 96.5% after cleaning. Although the use of ATP bioluminescence can be considered a quick and objective method for assessing hospital cleanliness, it appears to be still poorly standardized at both the national and international level.
Effect of a Postpartum Training Program on the Prevalence of Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background
Diastasis recti abdominis affects a significant number of women during the prenatal and postnatal period.


Objective
The objective was to evaluate the effect of a postpartum training program on the prevalence of diastasis recti abdominis.


Design
The design was a secondary analysis of an assessor-masked randomized controlled trial.


Methods
One hundred seventy-five primiparous women (mean age = 29.8 ± 4.1 years) were randomized to an exercise or control group. The interrectus distance was palpated using finger widths, with a cutoff point for diastasis as ≥2 finger widths. Measures were taken 4.5 cm above, at, and 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. The 4-month intervention started 6 weeks postpartum and consisted of a weekly, supervised exercise class focusing on strength training of the pelvic floor muscles. In addition, the women were asked to perform daily pelvic floor muscle training at home. The control group received no intervention. Analyses were based on intention to treat. The Mantel-Haenszel test (relative risk [RR] ratio) and the chi-square test for independence were used to evaluate between-group differences on categorical data.


Results
At 6 weeks postpartum, 55.2% and 54.5% of the participants were diagnosed with diastasis in the intervention and control groups, respectively. No significant differences between groups in prevalence were found at baseline (RR: 1.01 [0.77-1.32]), at 6 months postpartum (RR: 0.99 [0.71-1.38]), or at 12 months postpartum (RR: 1.04 [0.73-1.49]).


Limitations
The interrecti distance was palpated using finger widths, and the sample included women with and without diastasis.


Conclusions
A weekly, postpartum, supervised exercise program, including strength training of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, in addition to daily home training of the pelvic floor muscles, did not reduce the prevalence of diastasis.