LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science.

BACKGROUND
Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain.


OBJECTIVE
Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.


CONCLUSION
There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
Millimeterwave and Terahertz Waveguide-Fed Circularly Polarized Antipodal Curvedly Tapered Slot Antennas

Antipodal curvedly tapered slot antennas (ACTSAs) with different slot profiles are investigated to achieve the optimum circular polarization performance. The profiles of the tapered slots can be determined by different curves, such as linear, exponential, and logarithmic curves. Therefore, the corresponding waveguide-fed circularly polarized (CP) antipodal linear, exponential, exponential-logarithmic tapered slot antennas (AL-, E-, EL-TSA) are designed, fabricated, and measured at Ka-band for a comprehensive study. The optimized AELTSA provides good impedance matching, gain above 10.3 dBi, sidelobe lower than -15 dB, low cross-polarization, and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) axial ratio (AR) lower than 3 dB, from 28 to 40 GHz. Moreover, a waveguide-fed LHCP antipodal exponential-exponential tapered slot antenna (AEETSA) is designed at 500 GHz and fabricated by silicon micromachining. The radiation characteristics are examined by measurement results of symmetric beams and ARs lower than 1.5 dB, from 490 to 510 GHz.
An Overview of Evolutionary Computation

Evolutionary computation uses computational models of evolutionary processes as key elements in the design and implementation of computerbased problem solving systems. In this paper we provide an overview of evolutionary computation, and describe several evolutionary algorithms that are currently of interest. Important similarities and differences are noted, which lead to a discussion of important issues that need to be resolved, and items for future research.
Chest physiotherapy does not improve the outcome in laparoscopic fundoplication and vertical-banded gastroplasty

Background: Chest physiotherapy is a common practice after open reflux and obesity surgery. It is now possible to perform fundoplication and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) by the laparoscopic technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial whether chest physiotherapy affects the postoperative course. Method: A series of 40 patients underwent laparoscopic fundoplication; another 40 underwent laparoscopic VBG. Twenty patients in each series received prophylactic chest physiotherapy; the other 20 served as control patients and were not given any information or training. Results: Postoperatively, all patients had a significant reduction in respiratory function, measured as oxygen saturation, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow, but the differences between the groups within each series were not significant. Postoperatively, one patient in the VBG treatment group had hypoxemia (SaO2 <92%) versus two control patients. One control patient developed postoperative pneumonia. Conclusions: This study indicates that routine chest physiotherapy is not necessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic upper gastrointestinal surgery, such as fundoplication and VBG.
The Autosar XML Schema and Its Relevance for Autosar Tools

The Autosar standard represents an emerging approach to unifying virtually all aspects of the development workflow of automotive embedded software. The standard features an XML schema used as a basis for interchanging documents containing Autosar model content. Although the schema is primarily for document exchange, it could also be the basis for creating a metamodel. However, a tool metamodel should probably be designed differently.
Optimisation of a sensor for onsite detection of partial discharges in power transformers by the UHF method

Among the different solutions which allow onsite partial discharge measurement in energized power transformers, the UHF technique is gaining general interest. In order to apply this method in existing transformers, it is considered advantageous to design a UHF sensor to be fitted inside the transformer tank. This paper describes the constraints affecting the development of such sensor and the process followed to optimize its design. During this process, different solutions for broadband UHF antennas were analysed. The selection was based on computer simulation and experimental results. Computer simulation was used to evaluate differences in radiation pattern, antenna impedance, gain and effective area. Measurements of the antenna response to different partial discharge sources in oil were performed using an oil dielectric breakdown test set in an electromagnetic shielded laboratory. A group of selected antennas were then tested in a power transformer simulating the broadband signals generated by partial discharges by injecting controlled voltage pulses in the transformer. Finally, a sensor based on a conical monopole antenna structure was built and attached to a specially designed housing to be fitted inside the transformer tank through the drain valve. This final prototype was benchmarked during a high voltage factory test of a power transformer which showed a significant partial discharge activity.
Use of non-invasive ventilation in UK emergency departments.

AIM
To describe the current use of non-invasive ventilation in UK emergency departments.


METHODS
A structured questionnaire was sent to all UK emergency departments assessing 25,000 new patients annually.


RESULTS
222 of 233 departments completed the questionnaire. 148 currently use non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Most used NIV for either cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (n = 128) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 115). Only 49 departments have protocols for NIV use and 23 audited practice.


CONCLUSION
NIV is commonly used in UK emergency departments. Practices vary significantly. One solution would be the development of guidelines on when and how to use NIV in emergency medicine practice.
Diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis.

Acute osteomyelitis is the clinical term for a new infection in bone. This infection occurs predominantly in children and is often seeded hematogenously. In adults, osteomyelitis is usually a subacute or chronic infection that develops secondary to an open injury to bone and surrounding soft tissue. The specific organism isolated in bacterial osteomyelitis is often associated with the age of the patient or a common clinical scenario (i.e., trauma or recent surgery). Staphylococcus aureus is implicated in most patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli are commonly isolated in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. For optimal results, antibiotic therapy must be started early, with antimicrobial agents administered parenterally for at least four to six weeks. Treatment generally involves evaluation, staging, determination of microbial etiology and susceptibilities, antimicrobial therapy and, if necessary, debridement, dead-space management and stabilization of bone.
Prognosis of Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia After Acute Coronary Syndromes.

BACKGROUND
Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and coronary heart disease have high mortality rates. However, in an era of high-dose statin prescription after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the risk of recurrent coronary and cardiovascular events associated with FH might be mitigated. We compared coronary event rates between patients with and without FH after ACS.


METHODS
We studied 4534 patients with ACS enrolled in a multicenter, prospective cohort study in Switzerland between 2009 and 2013 who were individually screened for FH on the basis of clinical criteria according to 3 definitions: the American Heart Association definition, the Simon Broome definition, and the Dutch Lipid Clinic definition. We used Cox proportional models to assess the 1-year risk of first recurrent coronary events defined as coronary death or myocardial infarction and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, existing cardiovascular disease, high-dose statin at discharge, attendance at cardiac rehabilitation, and the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) risk score for severity of ACS.


RESULTS
At the 1-year follow-up, 153 patients (3.4%) had died, including 104 (2.3%) of fatal myocardial infarction. A further 113 patients (2.5%) experienced nonfatal myocardial infarction. The prevalence of FH was 2.5% with the American Heart Association definition, 5.5% with the Simon Broome definition, and 1.6% with the Dutch Lipid Clinic definition. Compared with patients without FH, the risk of coronary event recurrence after ACS was similar in patients with FH in unadjusted analyses, although patients with FH were >10 years younger. However, after multivariable adjustment including age, the risk was greater in patients with FH than without, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-5.65; P=0.034) for the American Heart Association definition, 2.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.11; P=0.002) for the Simon Broome definition, and 3.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-9.94; P=0.017) for the Dutch Lipid Clinic definition. Depending on which clinical definition of FH was used, between 94.5% and 99.1% of patients with FH were discharged on statins and between 74.0% and 82.3% on high-dose statins.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with FH and ACS have a >2-fold adjusted risk of coronary event recurrence within the first year after discharge than patients without FH despite the widespread use of high-intensity statins.
Neural Poetry Translation

We present the first neural poetry translation system. Unlike previous works that often fail to produce any translation for fixed rhyme and rhythm patterns, our system always translates a source text to an English poem. Human evaluation ranks translation quality as acceptable 78.2% of the time.
The Soft Robotics Toolkit: Strategies for Overcoming Obstacles to the Wide Dissemination of Soft-Robotic Hardware

The Soft Robotics Toolkit (SRT) is an open-access website containing detailed information about the design, fabrication, and characterization of soft-robotic components and systems (Figure 1). Soft robotics is a growing field of research concerned with the development of electromechanical technology composed of compliant materials or structures. The SRT website hosts design files, multimedia fabrication instructions, and software tutorials submitted by an international community of soft-robotics researchers and designers. In this article, we describe the development of the SRT and some challenges in developing widely disseminated robotic-hardware resources. Our attempts to overcome these challenges in the development of the toolkit are discussed by focusing on strategies that have been used to engage participants ranging from K-12 grade students to robotics research groups. A series of design competitions encouraged people to use and contribute to the toolkit. New fabrication methods requiring only low-cost and accessible materials were developed to lower the entry barriers to soft robotics and instructional materials and outreach activities were used to engage new audiences. We hope that our experiences in developing and scaling the toolkit may serve as guidance for other open robotic-hardware projects.
Extreme value properties of multivariate t copulas

The extremal dependence behavior of t copulas is examined and their extreme value limiting copulas, called the t-EV copulas, are derived explicitly using tail dependence functions. As two special cases, the Hüsler– Reiss and the Marshall–Olkin distributions emerge as limits of the t-EV copula as the degrees of freedom go to infinity and zero respectively. The t copula and its extremal variants attain a wide range in the set of bivariate tail dependence parameters.
Three Reference Frame Control Scheme of 4 wire Grid-connected Inverter for Micro Grid Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions

For 4 wire VSI, Under unbalanced grid voltage conditions, neutral currents that flow through the fourth wire will distort the symmetrical output voltage. And dc link voltage ripple will be produced. We introduced a three reference frame scheme to eliminate the dc link voltage ripple and output voltage distortion. Unbalanced grid voltage and ac link current are decomposed into positive, negative and zero sequence components. Positive sequence components is regulated in a positive synchronous reference frame (SRF), negative sequence components is regulated in a negative SRF, and zero sequence components is regulated in a zero SRF. In positive SRF, positive components appear as dc, while negative components appear as 2¿ rad/s. In contrast, in negative SRF, negative components appear as dc, while positive sequence appear as 2¿ rad/s. Zero sequence composents will not have any impace on dq, it appears as a disturbance in the o-variable at the fundamental frequency. In order to eleminated the dc link voltage ripple and output voltage distortion, positive, negative and zero sequence components shoud be controlled simultaneously. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed control scheme.
Particle filtering and Cramer-Rao lower bound for underwater navigation

We have studied a sea navigation method relying on a digital underwater terrain map and sonar measurements. The method is applicable for both ships and underwater vessels. We have used experimental data to build an underwater map and to investigate the estimation performance. Since the problem is non-linear, due to the measurement relation, we apply a sequential Monte Carlo method, or particle filter, for the state estimation. The fundamental limitations in navigation uncertainty can be described in terms of the Cramér-Rao lower bound, which is interpreted in terms of the inertial navigation system (INS) error, the sensor accuracy and the terrain map excitation. Hence, the Cramér-Rao lower bound can be interpreted and used in design for INS systems, sensor performance or if these are given, how much terrain or depth excitation that is needed for use in positioning and navigation.
Brace technology thematic series - The Sforzesco and Sibilla braces, and the SPoRT (Symmetric, Patient oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active) concept

BACKGROUND
Bracing is an effective strategy for scoliosis treatment, but there is no consensus on the best type of brace, nor on the way in which it should act on the spine to achieve good correction. The aim of this paper is to present the family of SPoRT (Symmetric, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active) braces: Sforzesco (the first introduced), Sibilla and Lapadula.


METHODS
The Sforzesco brace was developed following specific principles of correction. Due to its overall symmetry, the brace provides space over pathological depressions and pushes over elevations. Correction is reached through construction of the envelope, pushes, escapes, stops, and drivers. The real novelty is the drivers, introduced for the first time with the Sforzesco brace; they allow to achieve the main action of the brace: a three-dimensional elongation pushing the spine in a down-up direction.Brace prescription is made plane by plane: frontal (on the "slopes", another novelty of this concept, i.e. the laterally flexed sections of the spine), horizontal, and sagittal. The brace is built modelling the trunk shape obtained either by a plaster cast mould or by CAD-CAM construction. Brace checking is essential, since SPoRT braces are adjustable and customisable according to each individual curve pattern.Treatment time and duration is individually tailored (18-23 hours per day until Risser 3, then gradual reduction). SEAS (Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis) exercises are a key factor to achieve success.


RESULTS
The Sforzesco brace has shown to be more effective than the Lyon brace (matched case/control), equally effective as the Risser plaster cast (prospective cohort with retrospective controls), more effective than the Risser cast + Lyon brace in treating curves over 45 degrees Cobb (prospective cohort), and is able to improve aesthetic appearance (prospective cohort).


CONCLUSIONS
The SPoRT concept of bracing (three-dimensional elongation pushing in a down-up direction) is different from the other corrective systems: 3-point, traction, postural, and movement-based. The Sforzesco brace, being comparable to casting, may be the best brace for the worst cases.
Manufacturing tolerances for UV LIGA using SU-8 resist

Abstract UV LIGA involves the exposure of SU-8 negative resist, using a UV mask aligner, to produce high aspect ratio pillars or microchannels as part of the manufacturing process for microsystems. This has been made possible by the widespread use of a UV sensitive resist SU-8. Many papers have been written on the Fresnel diffraction theory of exposure, some key properties of SU-8 and prototype applications, but little attention has been paid to the variation in parameters that affect the tolerances and hence the reproducibility with which component dimensions can be maintained. It will be shown that the accuracy and precision, with which a feature on a mask can be reproduced throughout a thick resist structure, will depend on key parameters in the set-up of the mask aligner, the material properties of the SU-8 resist and the thickness of the resist structure. A simplified optical exposure model is used to predict the dimensions and wall taper angles of resist pillars or microchannels and their variation with changes in these parameters.
The compositional abnormalities of lipoproteins in diabetic renal failure.

BACKGROUND
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common cause of chronic renal failure (CRF). Patients with DN have abnormal lipoprotein metabolism that can be influenced by both the impairment of renal function and the metabolic control of diabetes. The aim of the study was to explore the specific compositional lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with insulin-dependent DN in comparison with diabetic patients without nephropathy and non-diabetic CRF patients.


METHODS
The lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) composition of major lipoprotein density classes was determined in 20 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and nephropathy and compared with that in seven diabetic patients without nephropathy, 20 patients with non-diabetic CRF, and nine healthy control subjects. Lipoproteins isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation were very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL).


RESULTS
Patients with DN had a plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profile characteristic of renal dyslipoproteinaemia with increased concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, reduced levels of apoA-I and apoA-II and increased levels of apoB, apoC-II, apoC-III and apoE. These changes were more pronounced in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients with comparable degrees of renal failure. All density classes were characterized by abnormal concentration and composition of some lipid and apolipoprotein constituents. DN patients had a more than four-fold increase of VLDL mass, a three-fold increase of IDL mass, and a significant reduction of HDL mass compared to control subjects. They also had significantly higher concentrations of apoB, apoC-peptides and apoE particularly in VLDL and IDL, and to some extent in LDL. In HDL, DN patients had lower cholesterol, apoA-I, apoA-II and apoC-II levels than controls. The major compositional change in DN patients was a significant increase in the relative content of apoC-peptides in IDL and LDL. The lipoprotein abnormalities were more pronounced in patients with high HbA1c values. In addition, lower GFR and increased proteinuria were associated with higher concentrations of triglycerides and apoC peptides in VLDL, IDL, and LDL in DN patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that patients with DN share the characteristic features of dyslipidaemia of CRF with accumulation of intact or partially delipidized apoB-containing lipoproteins enriched in apoC-peptides and apoE, which are present not only in VLDL and IDL but also in LDL density range. The alterations are more marked in DN than in nondiabetic CRF patients reflecting the additional impact of metabolic control. Increased levels of these lipoproteins may represent risk factors for the accelerated development of atherosclerotic vascular disease in these patients.