LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Multiferroic BiFeO3 films: domain structure and polarization dynamics

BiFeO3 simultaneously shows antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric order with high transition temperatures, i.e. TN 370 C and TC 830 C, respectively. Naturally, it has been inferred that coupling exists between the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters like in the multiferroic manganites with low transition temperatures. A thorough investigation of the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 is therefore in line with the understanding of its multiferroic behaviour. Here, we review the ferroelectric properties of epitaxial (001) oriented BiFeO3 films grown by different techniques on several substrates. Structural characterization along with ferroelectric quantitative analysis point at the high quality of the films. Emphasis is put on identifying the various polarization variants and domain dynamics under an applied bias. In these studies, to unravel the intricate ferroelectric domain structure, piezo-force microscopy scans have been taken along the principal crystallographic directions. Two cases have been analysed. First, a 600 nm thick film grown on SrTiO3 (001) with a thin SrRuO3 underlayer exhibits a mosaic domain pattern due to the presence of both up and down polarization domains. Mainly four polarization domains have been identified in this case, which correspond to two structural domains. Second, epitaxial BiFeO3 films grown on DyScO3 (110) and miscut SrTiO3 (001) with a thin SrRuO3 underlayer show stripe patterns, with mainly two down polarization domains. A single structural domain of orthorhombic SrRuO3 epitaxial underlayer induces this changes in the domain structure of BiFeO3. The suppression of up domains by changing the substrate conditions prove the possibility of ferroelectric domain engineering. The three possible polarization switching mechanisms, namely 71 and 109 rotations, as well as 180 rotation, have been identified by following the domain dynamics in a two-domain epitaxial BiFeO3 film. Interestingly, 180 polarization reversal seems to be the most favorable switching mechanism in epitaxial films under an applied bias along [001]. The observation of both ferroelastic and ferroelectric switching processes open exciting possibilities for the optimization of BiFeO3’s ferroelectric properties and investigation of magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial films. A recent photoemission study using
Model-Driven Serious Game Development Integration of the Gamification Modeling Language GaML with Unity

The development of gamification within non-game information systems as well as serious games has recently gained an important role in a variety of business fields due to promising behavioral or psychological improvements. However, industries still struggle with the high efforts of implementing gameful affordances in non-game systems. In order to decrease factors such as project costs, development cycles, and resource consumption as well as to improve the quality of products, the gamification modeling language has been proposed in prior research. However, the language is on a descriptive level only, i.e., Cannot be used to automatically generate executable software artifacts. In this paper and based on this language, we introduce a model-driven architecture for designing as well as generating building blocks for serious games. Furthermore, we give a validation of our approach by going through the different steps of designing an achievement system in the context of an existing serious game.
Heavy metals accumulation and distribution pattern in different vegetable crops

Different vegetable crops grown on heavy metal contaminated soil showed marked difference in metal accumulation, their uptake and distribution pattern. Crop species also showed remarkable difference in metal concentration of various plant parts. Based on metal accumulation in edible parts and whole plants, root vegetables namely, radish and carrot registered lower accumulation of almost all heavy metals except Zn in radish root. However, leafy vegetables namely, spinach, amaranthus, mustard and fenugreek recorded higher accumulation of both essential and non-essential heavy metals, except Cd and Ni which showed less accumulation in fenugreek. Potato and onion showed lower accumulation of Zn and Cu and higher accumulation of Cd and Ni. Cauliflower and cabbage, however, showed greater accumulation of Pb and Ni, but less accumulation of Cu and Cd. Among fruit type vegetables, pea, soybean and cluster bean showed greater accumulation of Pb and Ni and very less accumulation of Cd. Among different vegetables cauliflower and cabbage recorded highest uptake of Zn, Pb and Ni, while mustard showed higher uptake of Zn and Cd. In general the uptake of Cd was lowest in almost all the crops except mustard. Generally the root and leafy vegetables namely. radish, carrot, spinach, amaranthus, mustard, cauliflower and cabbage showed higher distribution of metals to the edible parts, whereas fruit types vegetables specially tomato and brinjal exhibited least transport of metals to fruits except leguminous fruit vegetables pea and soybean. Leafy vegetables namely, spinach, amaranthus and mustard seemed to be unsafe and not suitable for cultivation on heavy metal contaminated soil. Most of the fruit type vegetables could be suggested for cultivation on Cd contained soil but not for Ni and Pb contained soil.
Shockwave therapy as first-line treatment for Peyronie's disease: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To assess in a prospective study whether shockwave therapy (SWT) is effective as a first-line treatment for Peyronie's disease.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty patients with previously untreated Peyronie's disease underwent SWT with the Epos overhead-module device (Dornier). The pain severity (visual analog pain scale [VAS] 0-5), the degree of penile angulation after vasoactive drug injection, plaque size by ultrasound measurement, and erectile dysfunction (IIEF score) were assessed prior to and after treatment. Of the 40 patients, 7 underwent two sessions and the rest three sessions. The time interval between treatments was 2 weeks. At a power level of 2 to 5 (mean 4), a maximum of 3000 shockwaves per plaque per treatment were applied. The mean follow-up was 12 months.


RESULTS
All patients completed the protocol. The tolerance and safety were excellent. Of the 25 patients with pain on erection, 12 (48%) noticed relief after the first session, while 9 more were pain free at the end of the treatment (VAS reduction 2.8; P<0.0001, and 2; P<0.001, respectively). For 25 patients (62.5%), an improvement in penile angulation>20 degrees was observed, with a mean reduction of 35 degrees (range 20 degrees-60 degrees ) (P<0.001). No significant change in plaque size was noted. Among 28 patients with erectile dysfunction, 18 (64.2%) had a marked increase in erection quality (IIEF score change: +4 for 10 patients, +6 for 4 patients, +8 for 2 patients, +9 for 2 patients).


CONCLUSION
Our results support SWT as an effective and safe first-line treatment for Peyronie's disease.
A phase II study of Campath-1H in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group report.

BACKGROUND
Despite the increasing cure rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), patients who relapse continue to have poor prognosis. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) conducted a limited institution Phase II trial of Campath-1H, a monoclonal antibody that targets CD52 on leukemic cells, in children with relapsed or refractory ALL.


METHODS
From October 2005 to December 2006, 13 eligible patients were enrolled on the COG phase II study of Campath-1H (ADVL0222). Campath-1H was initially administered as an intravenous infusion over 2 hr, five times per week for 1 week, then three times per week for three additional weeks. Patients with stable disease or better on day 29 could continue on to combination therapy with Campath-1H, methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine for two additional cycles.


RESULTS
One of 13 patients enrolled had a complete response to Campath-1H and 4 had stable disease. Dose limiting toxicity occurred in two out of nine fully evaluable patients (Grade IV pain and Grade III allergic reaction/hypersensitivity). No patients received combination therapy. Serum Campath-1H concentrations appeared to be somewhat lower in children with ALL compared with adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


CONCLUSION
Although a single complete response was observed, activity of single agent Campath-1H appears limited. Our study does not support future single agent evaluation of Campath-1H in children with relapsed ALL.
Higher rates of AIDS during the first year of antiretroviral therapy among migrants: the importance of tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE
In lower-income countries rates of AIDS-defining events (ADEs) and death are high during the first year of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated differences between foreign-born (migrant) and native-born (nonmigrant) patients initiating ART in Europe, the US and Canada, and examined rates of the most common ADEs and mortality during the first year of ART.


DESIGN
Observational cohort study.


METHODS
We studied HIV-positive adults participating in one of 12 cohorts in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC).


RESULTS
Of 48 854 patients, 25.6% were migrants: 16.1% from sub-Saharan Africa, 5.6% Latin America, 2.3% North Africa/Middle East, and 1.6% Asia. Incidence of ADEs during the first year of ART was 60.8 per 1000 person-years: 69.9 for migrants and 57.7 for nonmigrants [crude hazard ratio (HR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.29], adjusted HR (for sex, age, CD4, HIV-1 RNA, ART regimen, prior ADE, probable route of infection and year of initiation, and stratified by cohort) 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34). Rates of tuberculosis were substantially higher in migrants than nonmigrants (14.3 vs. 6.3; adjusted HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.53-2.46). In contrast, mortality was higher among nonmigrants than migrants (crude HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.84), although excess mortality was partially explained by patient characteristics at start of ART (adjusted HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.76-1.09).


CONCLUSIONS
During the first year of ART, HIV-positive migrants had higher rates of ADEs than nonmigrants. Tuberculosis was the most common ADE among migrants, highlighting the importance of screening for tuberculosis prior to ART initiation in this population.
Churchmanship and Personality among Clergymen in the Church in Wales: Are Anglo-Catholic Priests More Feminine?

Abstract The aim of the present study is to develop and test a new measure of Anglo-Catholic orientation capable of assessing the extent of the continuing influence of the Anglican-Catholic movement among Anglican clergy and useful for testing theories regarding the association between Anglo-Catholic orientation and personality. Data provided by a sample of 232 clergymen serving in the Church in Wales support the internal consistency reliability of the 21-item Francis-Littler Anglo-Catholic Orientation Scale, and, in terms of the Eysenckian dimensional model of personality, demonstrate that Anglo-Catholic orientation is associated with higher levels of psychological femininity as assessed by the neuroticism scale, but not as assessed by the psychoticism scale.
EXCITED BARYONS IN THE 1/Nc EXPANSION

We review results for the mass spectrum of orbitally excited baryons obtained in the $1/N_c$ expansion. We show the dependence of various contributions to the mass operator as a function of the excitation energy.
A Survey on Security in D2D Communications

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications have emerged as a promising technology for the next generation mobile communication networks and wireless systems (5G). As an underlay network of conventional cellular networks (LTE or LTE-Advanced), D2D communications have shown great potential in improving communication capability, erasing communication delay, reducing power dissipation, and fostering multifarious new applications and services. However, security in D2D communications, which is essential for the success of D2D services, has not yet been seriously studied in the literature. In this paper, we explore a security architecture for D2D communications under the framework of 3GPP LTE. We further investigate potential security threats and specify security requirements accordingly. Existing security solutions in D2D communications are seriously surveyed and evaluated based on the specified security architecture and requirements in order to figure out open research issues andmotivate future research efforts.
Design Optimization of Magnetic Sensor for Train Detection

The axle counter as a train detector is one of the important railway signaling devices for accurate and safe train control systems. This paper deals with a design optimization of the axle counter by large-scale magnetic field computations. To efficiently reduce the computational burden in the optimization, we accurately estimate the signaling level by applying infinite edge elements to an extensive air domain, which results in a practical design approach within an acceptable CPU-time.
Relative frequency of central odontogenic tumors: a study of 1,088 cases from Northern California and comparison to studies from other parts of the world.

PURPOSE
To determine the relative frequency of central odontogenic tumors in relation to all biopsy specimens and to one another in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare the data with previous studies from different parts of the world.


METHODS
Files from the Pacific Oral Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA served as a source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of central (intraosseous) odontogenic tumors during a 20-year period.


RESULTS
Central odontogenic tumors were identified in 1,088 (1.2%) cases out of the 91,178 accessed. Individually, of all odontogenic tumors, 75.9% were odontomas. The prevalence of the remaining tumors appears to be a rare occurrence. The second most common was ameloblastoma (11.7%), followed by odontogenic myxoma (2.2%). Odontomas are considered hamartomas or developmental anomalies. When excluded from the list of individual odontogenic tumors, ameloblastoma is the most common (48.5%), followed by odontogenic myxoma (9.2%), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (7.3%), ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (7.3%), ameloblastic fibroma (6.5%), calcifying odontogenic cyst (6.5%), and odontogenic fibroma (6.1%). Each remaining tumor comprises less than 4%.


CONCLUSIONS
Studies related to the relative frequency of individual odontogenic tumors from different parts of the world are difficult to compare because most studies are outdated, the list of tumors is limited, and new entities are not included. To determine the real relative frequency, further studies should be conducted, especially in Western societies, by experienced pathologists in the field of odontogenic tumors.
Recurrent One-Hop Predictions for Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs

Large scale knowledge graphs (KGs) such as Freebase are generally incomplete. Reasoning over multi-hop (mh) KG paths is thus an important capability that is needed for question answering or other NLP tasks that require knowledge about the world. mh-KG reasoning includes diverse scenarios, e.g., given a head entity and a relation path, predict the tail entity; or given two entities connected by some relation paths, predict the unknown relation between them. We present ROPs, recurrent one-hop predictors, that predict entities at each step of mh-KB paths by using recurrent neural networks and vector representations of entities and relations, with two benefits: (i) modeling mh-paths of arbitrary lengths while updating the entity and relation representations by the training signal at each step; (ii) handling different types of mh-KG reasoning in a unified framework. Our models show state-of-the-art for two important multi-hop KG reasoning tasks: Knowledge Base Completion and Path Query Answering.1
Consumer RGB-D Cameras and their Applications

Introduction In November 2010, Microsoft released the Kinect RGB-D sensor as a new Natural User Interface (NUI) for its XBOX 360 gaming platform. The Kinect, like other RGB-D sensors, provides color information as well as the estimated depth for each pixel. At $150, the Kinect is an order of magnitude cheaper than similar sensors that had existed before it. This has dramatically reinvigorated interest in RGB-D sensors and their applications in areas such as Natural User Interfaces, reconstruction and virtual reality, or 3D mapping.
Concomitant medication polypharmacy, interactions and imperfect adherence are common in Australian adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVES
We quantified concomitant medication polypharmacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, adverse effects and adherence in Australian adults on effective antiretroviral therapy.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional.


METHODS
Patients recruited into a nationwide cohort and assessed for prevalence and type of concomitant medication (including polypharmacy, defined as ≥5 concomitant medications), pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions, potential concomitant medication adverse effects and concomitant medication adherence. Factors associated with concomitant medication polypharmacy and with imperfect adherence were identified using multivariable logistic regression.


RESULTS
Of 522 participants, 392 (75%) took a concomitant medication (mostly cardiovascular, nonprescription or antidepressant). Overall, 280 participants (54%) had polypharmacy of concomitant medications and/or a drug interaction or contraindication. Polypharmacy was present in 122 (23%) and independently associated with clinical trial participation, renal impairment, major comorbidity, hospital/general practice-based HIV care (versus sexual health clinic) and benzodiazepine use. Seventeen participants (3%) took at least one concomitant medication contraindicated with their antiretroviral therapy, and 237 (45%) had at least one pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction. Concomitant medication use was significantly associated with sleep disturbance and myalgia, and polypharmacy of concomitant medications with diarrhoea, fatigue, myalgia and peripheral neuropathy. Sixty participants (12%) reported imperfect concomitant medication adherence, independently associated with requiring financial support, foregoing necessities for financial reasons, good/very good self-reported general health and at least 1 bed day for illness in the previous 12 months.


CONCLUSION
In a resource-rich setting with universal healthcare access, the majority of this sample took a concomitant medication. Over half had at least one of concomitant medication polypharmacy, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction. Concomitant medication use was associated with several adverse clinical outcomes.
The Simple MicroEconomics of Public-Private Partnerships

We build a unified theoretical framework to analyze the main incentive issues in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and the shape of optimal contracts in those contexts. We present a basic model of procurement in a multitask environment in which a risk-averse agent chooses unobservable efforts in cost reduction and quality improvement. We begin by studying the effect on incentives and risk transfer of bundling building and operation into a single contract, allowing for different assumptions on the contractual framework and the quality of the information held by the government. We then extend the basic model in several directions. We consider the factors that affect the optimal allocation of demand risk and their implications for the use of user charges and the choice of contract length. We study the relationship between the operator and its financiers and the impact of private finance. We discuss the trade-off between incentive and flexibility in long-term PPP agreements and the dynamics of PPP contracts, including cost overruns. We also consider how the institutional environment, and specifically the risk of regulatory opportunism, affects contract design and incentives. We conclude with some policy implications on the desirability of PPPs. JEL Classification: D8, L5, H54, H57.
Inhibition of adipocyte inflammation and macrophage chemotaxis by butein.

Adipose tissue inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Butein, a polyphenol of vegetal origin, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages but it was not reported whether butein prevents adipocyte inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of butein on adipocyte inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells and performed functional macrophage migration assays. Butein opposed the stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and of nitric oxide production by simultaneous treatment of adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and interferon gamma (TLI). In addition, butein inhibited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes and chemokines in adipocytes stimulated with TLI or conditioned medium from RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with LPS. These effects were associated with suppression of inhibitor of kappa B alpha degradation induced by TNFα and with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation and acetylation. Moreover, butein prevented phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. These results suggest that butein suppresses adipocyte inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK-dependent transcriptional activity. Furthermore, conditioned media from adipocytes stimulated macrophage chemotaxis, whereas media from adipocytes treated with butein blocked macrophage migration, an effect that was consistent with suppression of MCP-1 secretion by adipocytes treated with butein. In addition, macrophages treated with butein exhibited a reduced ability to migrate toward adipocyte CM. In conclusion, butein may represent a therapeutic agent to prevent adipose tissue inflammation and the obesity-linked insulin resistance.
Can a Three-Dimensional Smooth Autonomous Quadratic Chaotic System Generate a Single Four-scroll Attractor?

Recently, we have investigated a new chaotic system of three-dimensional autonomous quadratic ordinary differential equations, and found that the system visually displays a four-scroll chaotic attractor confirmed by both numerical simulations and circuit implementation. In this paper, we further study the following question: Is it really true that this system can generate a four-scroll chaotic attractor, or is it only a numerical artifact? By a more careful theoretical analysis along with some further numerical simulations, we conclude that the four-scroll chaotic attractor of this system, which we observed on both computer and oscilloscope, cannot actually exist in theory. The fact is that this system has two co-existing two-scroll chaotic attractors that are arbitrarily close in the phase space for some system parameters, therefore extremely tiny numerical roundoff errors or signal fluctuations will nudge the system orbit to switch from one attractor to another, thereby forming the seemingly single four-scroll chaotic attractor on screen display.