LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters in Detecting Hypoxemia in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

PURPOSE
Pulse oximetry is routinely used to continuously and non-invasively monitor arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). When oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SpO2) overestimates SaO2, hypoxemia may be overlooked. We compared the SpO2 - SaO2 differences among three pulse oximeters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who spent their daily lives in a poor oxygen state.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
This prospective observational study recruited 32 patients with CTEPH undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. As we collected arterial blood samples in the catheter laboratory, SpO2 values were simultaneously recorded. Three pulse oximeters were used on each patient, and SpO2 values were compared with oximetry readings using a blood gas analyzer. To determine the optimal SpO2 value by which to detect hypoxemia (SaO2≦90%), we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each pulse oximeter.


RESULT
The root mean square of each pulse oximeter was 1.79 (OLV-3100), 1.64 (N-BS), and 2.50 (Masimo Radical). The mean bias (SpO2 - SaO2) for the 90%-95% saturation range was significantly higher for Masimo Radical (0.19 +/- 1.78% [OLV-3100], 0.18 +/- 1.63% [N-BS], and 1.61 +/- 1.91% [Masimo Radical]; p<0.0001). The optimal SpO2 value to detect hypoxemia (SaO2≦90%) was 89% for OLV-3100, 90% for N-BS, and 92% for Masimo Radical.


CONCLUSION
We found that the biases and precision with which to detect hypoxemia differed among the three pulse oximeters. To avoid hypoxemia, the optimal SpO2 should be determined for each pulse oximeter.
Tax Shelters or Efficient Tax Planning ? A Theory of the Firm Perspective on the Economic Substance Doctrine

Courts have articulated a number of legal tests to distinguish corporate transactions that have a legitimate business or economic purpose from those carried out largely, if not solely, for favorable tax treatment. We outline an approach to analyzing the economic substance of corporate transactions based on the property rights theory of the firm and describe its application in two recent tax cases.
Frail patients are at increased risk for mortality and prolonged institutional care after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND
Frailty is an emerging concept in medicine yet to be explored as a risk factor in cardiac surgery. Where elderly patients are increasingly referred for cardiac surgery, the prevalence of a frail group among these is also on the rise. We assessed frailty as a risk factor for adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Functional measures of frailty and clinical data were collected prospectively for all cardiac surgery patients at a single center. Frailty was defined as any impairment in activities of daily living (Katz index), ambulation, or a documented history of dementia. Of 3826 patients, 157 (4.1%) were frail. Frail patients were older, were more likely to be female, and had risk factors for adverse surgical outcomes. By logistic regression, frailty was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.0), as well as institutional discharge (odds ratio 6.3, 95% CI 4.2 to 9.4). Frailty was an independent predictor of reduced midterm survival (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Frailty is a risk for postoperative complications and an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, institutional discharge, and reduced midterm survival. Frailty screening improves risk assessment in cardiac surgery patients and may identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from innovative processes of care.
Checkerboard artifact free sub-pixel convolution: A note on sub-pixel convolution, resize convolution and convolution resize

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a popular and highly performant choice for pixel-wise dense  prediction or generation. One of the commonly required components in such CNNs is a way to increase  the resolution of the network’s input. The lower resolution inputs can be, for example, low-dimensional  noise vectors in image generation [7] or low resolution (LR) feature maps for network visualization [4].  Originally described in Zeiler et al. [3], a network layer performing this upscaling task is commonly  referred to as a “Deconvolution layer”, and has been used in a wide range of applications including  super-resolution [1], semantic segmentation [5], flow estimation [6] and generative modeling [7]. The  deconvolution layer can be described and implemented in various ways. This led to many names that are  often used synonymously, including sub-pixel or fractional convolutional layer [7], transposed  convolutional layer [8,9], inverse, up, backward convolutional layer [5,6] and more.
Factors influencing the formation of a user's perceptions and use of a DSS software innovation

Understanding how users form perceptions of a software innovation would help software designers, implementers and users in their evaluation, selection, implementation and on-going use of software. However, with the exception of some recent work, there is little research examining how a user forms his or her perceptions of an innovation over time. To address this research need, we report on the experiences of a health planner using a DSS software tool for health planning over a 12-month period. Using diffusion theory as outlined by Rogers, we interpret the user's perceptions of the software following Rogers' perceived characteristics of the innovation. Furthermore, we show how our user justifies her attitudes toward the technology using 5 important factors during 3-, 6- and 12-month interviews: stage of adoption, implementation processes, organizational factors, subjective norms, and user competence. Results are compared with key IS research in these areas, and the implications of these findings on the diffusion of decision support systems are discussed.
Profiling Software for Energy Consumption

The amount of energy consumed by computer systems can be lowered through the use of more efficient algorithms and software. Unfortunately, software developers lack the tools to pinpoint energy-hungry sections in their code and therefore have to rely on their intuition when trying to optimize their code for energy consumption. We have developed eprof, a profiler that relates energy consumption to code locations, it attributes both the synchronously consumed energy in the CPU and the asynchronously consumed energy in peripheral devices like hard drives, network cards, etc. Eprof requires minimal changes to the kernel (tens of lines of code) and does not require special hardware to energy-profile software. Therefore eprof can be widely used to help developers make energy-aware decisions.
Cost-effectiveness of treatments for major depression in primary care practice.

BACKGROUND
This study augments a randomized controlled trial to analyze the cost-effectiveness of 2 standardized treatments for major depression relative to each other and to the "usual care" provided by primary care physicians.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in which primary care patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for current major depression were assigned to pharmacotherapy (where nortriptyline hydrochloride was given) or interpersonal psychotherapy provided in a standardized framework or a primary physician's usual care. Two outcome measures, depression-free days and quality-adjusted days, were developed using information on depressive symptoms over time. The costs of care were calculated. Cost-effectiveness ratios comparing the incremental outcomes with the incremental costs for the different treatments were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed.


RESULTS
In terms of both economic costs and quality-of-life outcomes, patients assigned to the pharmacotherapy group did slightly better than those assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy. Both standardized therapies provided better outcomes than primary physician's usual care, but each consumed more resources. No meaningful cost-offsets were found. The incremental direct cost per additional depression-free day for pharmacotherapy relative to usual care ranges from $12.66 to $16.87 which translates to direct cost per quality-adjusted year gained from $11270 to $19510.


CONCLUSIONS
Standardized treatments for depression lead to better outcomes than usual care but also lead to higher costs. However, the estimates of the cost per quality-of-life year gained for standardized pharmacotherapy are comparable with those found for other treatments provided in routine practice.
QoS Verification for Minimization of Drive Tests in LTE Networks

Nowadays, operational quality and robustness of cellular networks are among the hottest topics wireless communications research. As a response to a growing need in reduction of expenses for mobile operators, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) initiated work on Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT). There are several major areas of standardization related to MDT, such as coverage, capacity, mobility optimization and verification of end user quality [1]. This paper presents results of the research devoted to Quality of Service (QoS) verification for MDT. The main idea is to jointly observe the user experienced QoS in terms of throughput, and corresponding radio conditions. Also the necessity to supplement the existing MDT metrics with the new reporting types is elaborated.
Phase evolution of an aluminized steel by oxidation treatment

Abstract Effects of temperature and time on the microstructure and phase evolution for different thermal treatments were investigated with respect to the measurement of intermetallic layer thickness, phase identification and microhardness distribution in the aluminized zone of a steel substrate. The intermetallic phases present in the aluminized region after hot dip aluminizing is mainly Fe 2 Al 5 . The thickness of the intermetallic layers increases with increasing oxidation temperature and time. In the oxidation treatments of the aluminized steel in air, the initial Fe 2 Al 5 phase remains at the temperature below 950 °C in 2-h, and the Fe 2 Al 5 phase is completely transformed into low iron content Fe–Al intermetallics due to oxidation at 950 °C for 4 h. However, the Fe 2 Al 5 phase remains in the outer layer of the aluminized samples diffusion-treated in vacuum regardless of diffusion time. The microhardness values of the Al 2 O 3 and the intermetallic Fe 2 Al 5 , FeAl 2 , FeAl and Fe 3 Al phases are HV1150, HV1010, HV810, HV650 and HV320, respectively. The oxide layer formed on the steel substrate has an extremely fast adherence to the steel substrate and excellent properties of thermal shock resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and anti-liquid aluminum corrosion.
Variations in nursing practice environments: relation to staffing and hospital characteristics.

BACKGROUND
While improvements in nursing practice environments are considered essential to address the nursing shortage, relatively little is known about the nursing practice environments in most hospitals.


OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are to describe variations in nursing practice environments across hospitals and to examine their associations to hospital bed size, community size, teaching intensity, and nurse staffing levels.


METHODS
The research design was cross-sectional analyses of nurse survey and administrative data for 156 Pennsylvania hospitals from 1999. For comparative reference, nurse survey data from earlier years from two small samples of nursing magnet hospitals were analyzed. The nursing practice environment was measured by the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI).


RESULTS
Nursing practice environments varied greatly among the hospitals studied. The nursing practice environments of the small samples of magnet hospitals were superior to those of the Pennsylvania sample. About 17% of the hospitals in the Pennsylvania sample had favorable practice environments. Pennsylvania hospitals with better practice environments had higher RN-to-bed ratios. Practice environment differences were not associated with hospital bed size or community size. Hospitals with a modest teaching level had less favorable environments.


DISCUSSION
Considerable variation exists in the quality of hospital nursing practice environments. Five out of six hospitals are targets for improvement. Favorable nursing practice environments can be achieved in a wide variety of hospital settings.
See me, hear me: integrating automatic speech recognition and lip-reading

We present recent work on integration of visual information (automatic lip-reading) with acoustic speech for better overall speech recognition. A Multi-State Time Delay Neural Network performs the recognition of spelled letter sequences taking advantage of lip images from a standard camera. The problems addressed include e cient but e ective representation of the visual information and optimum manner of combining the two modalities when rendering a decision. We show results for several alternatives to direct gray level image as the visual evidence. These are: Principal Components, Linear Discriminants, and DFT coe cients. Dimensionality of the input is decreased by a factor of 12 while maintaining recognition rates. Combination of the visual and acoustic information is performed at three different levels of abstraction. Results suggest that integration of higher order input features works best. On a continuous spelling task, visual-alone recognition of 45-55%, when combined with acoustic data, lowers audio-alone error rates by 30-40%.
The benefits of creative therapy for people with dementia.

AIM
To evaluate the use of creative therapy, including dance, drama, music and movement, with people who have dementia attending one NHS organisation that provides day treatment and inpatient services.


METHOD
A one-day training package in the use of creative therapy in dementia care was commissioned from a dance movement psychotherapist. Creative therapy sessions, including dance, drama, music and movement activities were implemented over an eight-week period, a minimum of three times a week. Observational outcomes of creative self-expression, communication, pleasure and enjoyment, and general engagement were recorded.


FINDINGS
Implementation of creative therapy resulted in improvements in creative self-expression, communication, pleasure and enjoyment, and general engagement in people with dementia.


CONCLUSION
The evaluation has emphasised the positive effects of creative or artistic approaches on dementia care, and supports previous research on the use of such approaches in NHS dementia care services. Further research on the immediate and longer-term outcomes and benefits of creative therapy for people with dementia is recommended to support the routine availability of such therapy in dementia care.
Changes in pain perception after pelvis manipulation in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the immediate effect of a global pelvic manipulation (GPM) technique, bilaterally applied, on low back pelvic pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).


DESIGN
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.


SETTING
Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry. University of Sevilla, Spain.


METHODS
The sample group included 40 women (30 ± 6.10 years) that were divided into an experimental group (EG) (N = 20) who underwent a bilateral GPM technique and a control group (CG) (N = 20) who underwent a sham (placebo) intervention. Evaluations were made of self-reported low back pelvic pain (visual analog scale), pressure pain threshold (PPT) in sacroiliac joints (SIJs), and the endogenous response of the organism to pain following catecholamines and serotonin release in blood levels.


RESULTS
The intragroup comparison showed a significant improvement in the EG in the self-perceived low back pelvic pain (P = 0.003) and in the mechanosensitivity in both SIJs (P = 0.001). In the between-group comparison, there was a decrease in pain perception (P = 0.004; F(1,38) = 9.62; R(2) = 0.20) and an increase in the PPT of both SIJs, in the right side (P = 0.001; F(1,38) = 21.29; R(2) = 0.35) and in the left side (P = 0.001; F(1,38) = 20.63; R(2) = 0.35). There were no intergroup differences for catecholamines plasma levels (adrenaline P = 0.123; noradrenaline P = 0.281; dopamine P = 0.173), but there were for serotonin levels (P = 0.045; F(1,38) = 4.296; R(2) = 0.10).


CONCLUSION
The bilateral GPM technique improves in a short term the self-perceived low back pelvic pain, the PPT in both SIJs, and the serotonin levels in women with PD. It shows no significant differences with a sham intervention in catecholamines plasma levels.
Associations of cytokine concentrations with key osteopathic lesions and clinical outcomes in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial.

CONTEXT
Little is known about the role that cytokines play in osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).


OBJECTIVE
To measure the baseline concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients with chronic LBP; the correlations of these cytokine concentrations with clinical measures, including the number of key osteopathic lesions; the changes in cytokine concentrations with OMT; and the association of such changes with clinical outcomes.


DESIGN
Substudy nested within a randomized controlled trial of OMT for nonspecific chronic LBP.


SETTING
University-based study in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas.


PATIENTS
Seventy adult research patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
A 10-cm visual analog scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used to measure LBP severity, back-specific functioning, and general health, respectively.


RESULTS
At baseline, IL-1β (ρ = 0.33; P = .005) and IL-6 (ρ = 0.32; P = .006) were each correlated with the number of key osteopathic lesions; however, only IL-6 was correlated with LBP severity (ρ = 0.28; P = .02). There was a significantly greater reduction of TNF-α concentration after 12 weeks in patients who received OMT compared with patients who received sham OMT (Mann-Whitney U = 251.5; P = .03). Significant associations were found between OMT and a reduced TNF-α concentration response at week 12 among patients who achieved moderate (response ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.06; P = .006) and substantial (response ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.07-4.25; P = .01) LBP improvements, and improvement in back-specific functioning (response ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04-2.71; P = .03).


CONCLUSIONS
This study found associations between IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and the number of key osteopathic lesions and between IL-6 and LBP severity at baseline. However, only TNF-α concentration changed significantly after 12 weeks in response to OMT. These discordant findings indicate that additional research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of OMT in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.
Respective roles of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in food-seeking behaviour in rats

Abstract Rationale. Dopaminergic mechanisms are thought to be critically involved in reward-related processes and seeking behaviour. Objective. To examine the involvement of dopamine in seeking behaviour supported by a natural reinforcer, food, and assess the role of D2 and D3 receptor subtypes in food-seeking, using an operant reinstatement procedure. Methods. Wistar rats were subjected to a within-session extinction procedure. Experimental sessions consisted of a 15-min rewarded period during which each right lever press delivered one food pellet and initiated a 10-s time out period (FR1:TO10s), followed by a 45-min extinction period during which responding was no longer rewarded. The reinstating effects of dopaminergic drugs, food priming, or the combination of both treatments, were investigated during spaced test sessions. In dose range studies, dopamine receptor ligands were administered 20 or 30 min into the test sessions. In interaction studies, antagonists were injected immediately before testing. Food priming consisted of two pellets non-contingently delivered 45 min into the test sessions. Results. Well trained rats emitted many responses during the rewarded period but almost none during extinction. During the last 15 min of the test sessions, non-rewarded responding was reinstated by the D2/D3 agonist, apomorphine (0.125–0.25 mg/kg, SC), and the D3 preferring agonist, 7-OH-DPAT (2–4 mg/kg, SC), but not by quinelorane (0.004–2 mg/kg, SC), another D3 preferring agonist. In interaction studies, the D2 preferring antagonist, raclopride (0.06–0.125 mg/kg, IP), and the D3 preferring antagonist, l-nafadotride (1 mg/kg, IP), counteracted the reinstating effect of apomorphine and 7-OH-DPAT. Pellets non-contingently delivered during extinction, reinstated modest, but significant, responding. Such food-primed food-seeking was altered by neither nafadotride (0.015–1 mg/kg, IP) nor the D2/D3 antagonists, amisulpride (0.25–1 mg/kg, IP) or sulpiride (2–4 mg/kg, IP). Food- and apomorphine-induced response reinstatement were additive, and food-primed food-seeking behaviour was potentiated by 7-OH-DPAT (0.125–1 mg/kg, SC) and quinelorane (7.5–15 µg/kg, SC). Such a potentiation was reversed by two D2 antagonists, haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP) and raclopride (0.125 mg/kg, IP), but not by nafadotride (1 mg/kg, IP) and another D3 preferring antagonist, S 33084 (0.25–2 mg/kg, SC). Conclusion. These results indicate that reinstatement of non-reinforced responding by non-contingent food delivery and by dopamine agonists probably depend on different mechanisms. The properties of D2/D3 receptor agonists, to reinstate food seeking at larger doses, and to potentiate food-primed response reinstatement at lower doses, are preferentially mediated by D2 rather than by D3 receptors.
Approaches, Tools and Applications for Sentiment Analysis Implementation

The paper gives an overview of the different sentiment classification approaches and tools used for sentiment analysis. Starting from this overview the paper provides a classification of (i) approaches with respect to features/techniques and advantages/limitations and (ii) tools with respect to the different techniques used for sentiment analysis. Different application fields of application of sentiment analysis such as: business, politic, public actions and finance are also discussed in the paper.