LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Perceived Organisational Support on Employees' Affective Outcomes: Evidence from the Hotel Industry

Previous studies mainly analysed the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment in a direct way. Limited studies of tourism, however, have found that job satisfaction is a mediator variable in the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment. The aim of this study is, (i) to analyse the effect of organisational support on job satisfaction, (ii) to analyse the effect of organisational support on the dimensions of organisational commitment, (iii) to analyse the effect of job satisfaction on the dimensions of organisational commitment, and (iv) to analyse the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived organisational support and dimensions of organisational commitment based on an empirical study. The relationship between the variables was analysed by using a multivariate data analysis. Besides this, in the study, the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived organisational support and the dimensions of organisational commitment was analysed by the technique recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986) and the Sobel test. The findings indicated that perceived organisational support had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, affective, normative and continuous commitment. Job satisfaction had a significant positive effect on affective, normative and continuous commitment as well. Besides this, job satisfaction played a partial mediating role between perceived organisational support and dimensions of organisational commitment. Implications were presented for hotel managers who want to keep and encourage their employees to work in the hotel industry.
The geology and petrology of the Hannington Trachyphonolite formation, Kenya Rift Valley

Abstract Field, petrographical and geochemical studies of a group of late Pleistocene, alkaline and mildly peralkaline trachytic and trachyphonolitic lavas from the northern Kenya Rift have been undertaken. A large number of flows were erupted from widely dispersed centres to form an extensive volcanic shield within the floor of the rift. The major element composition of most rocks was substantially modified during crystallisation, but other data show that differentiation within the suite was the result of protracted feldspar fractionation of a trachytic magma with intially very low abundances of residual trace elements.
Franchising reproductive health services.

OBJECTIVES
Networks of franchised health establishments, providing a standardized set of services, are being implemented in developing countries. This article examines associations between franchise membership and family planning and reproductive health outcomes for both the member provider and the client.


METHODS
Regression models are fitted examining associations between franchise membership and family planning and reproductive health outcomes at the service provider and client levels in three settings.


RESULTS
Franchising has a positive association with both general and family planning client volumes, and the number of family planning brands available. Similar associations with franchise membership are not found for reproductive health service outcomes. In some settings, client satisfaction is higher at franchised than other types of health establishments, although the association between franchise membership and client outcomes varies across the settings.


CONCLUSIONS
Franchise membership has apparent benefits for both the provider and the client, providing an opportunity to expand access to reproductive health services, although greater attention is needed to shift the focus from family planning to a broader reproductive health context.
Release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 [7-36 amide]), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin in response to oral glucose after upper and lower intestinal resections.

UNLABELLED
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1[7-36 amide]) is an incretin hormone primarily synthesized in the lower gut (ileum, colon/rectum). Nevertheless, there is an early increment in plasma GLP-1 immediately after ingesting glucose or mixed meals, before nutrients have entered GLP-1 rich intestinal regions. The responsible signalling pathway between the upper and lower gut is not clear. It was the aim of this study to see, whether small intestinal resection or colonectomy changes GLP-1[7-36 amide] release after oral glucose. In eight healthy controls, in seven patients with inactive Crohn's disease (no surgery), in nine patients each after primarily jejunal or ileal small intestinal resections, and in six colonectomized patients not different in age (p = 0.10), body-mass-index (p = 0.24), waist-hip-ratio (p = 0.43), and HbA1c (p = 0.22), oral glucose tolerance tests (75 g) were performed in the fasting state. GLP-1[7-36 amide], insulin C-peptide, GIP and glucagon (specific (RIAs) were measured over 240 min.


STATISTICS
Repeated measures ANOVA, t-test (significance: p < 0.05). A clear and early (peak: 15-30 min) GLP-1[7-36 amide] response was observed in all subjects, without any significant difference between gut-resected and control groups (p = 0.95). There were no significant differences in oral glucose tolerance (p = 0.21) or in the suppression of pancreatic glucagon (p = 0.36). Colonectomized patients had a higher insulin (p = 0.011) and C-peptide (p = 0.0023) response in comparison to all other groups. GIP responses also were higher in the colonectomized patients (p = 0.0005). Inactive Crohn's disease and resections of the small intestine as well as proctocolectomy did not change overall GLP-1[7-36 amide] responses and especially not the early increment after oral glucose. This may indicate release of GLP-1[7-36 amide] after oral glucose from the small number of GLP-1[7-36 amide] producing L-cells in the upper gut rather than from the main source in the ileum, colon and rectum. Colonectomized patients are characterized by insulin hypersecretion, which in combination with their normal oral glucose tolerance possibly indicates a reduced insulin sensitivity in this patient group. GIP may play a role in mediating insulin hypersecretion in these patients.
Fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis in a multihospital healthcare system

Objective:A subset of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) cases is fulminant, characterized by rapid progression to death with massive bowel necrosis found at laparotomy or autopsy. We sought to identify and report all such cases in a multihospital healthcare system during the past 9 years and to characterize this entity using case-control methodologies.Study Design:This was a multicentered, cross-sectional, historic cohort study conducted using Intermountain Healthcare hospital patient data. All neonates who died of NEC within 48 h of onset, during 2001 to 2009, were compared with two matched control groups: (1) demographically matched controls who developed non-fulminant NEC, (2) demographically matched controls that did not develop NEC.Result:During this period, 2 71 327 live births occurred in the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals. Of these, 318 had a diagnosis of NEC (Bell stage ⩾II). Also during this period, 205 other neonates were transferred into an Intermountain hospital for treatment of NEC. Of these 523 NEC cases, 35 (6.7%) had a fulminant course. Compared with the non-fulminant cases, the fulminant group were born at lower weight (1088±545 vs 1652±817 g, P=0.000) and earlier gestational age (27.5±3.3 vs 31.1±4.4 weeks, P=0.000), and were more likely to have: (1) radiographic evidence of portal venous air (P=0.000), (2) hematocrit <22% (P=0.000), (3) increase in feeding volume >20 ml/kg/day (P=0.003), (4) immature to total (I/T) neutrophil ratio >0.5 (P=0.005), (5) blood lymphocyte count <4000/μl (P=0.018), (6) an increase in concentration of human milk fortifier within 48 h before developing NEC (P=0.020).Conclusion:Portal venous air, anemia, rapid feeding escalation, a high I/T neutrophil ratio, a low lymphocyte count and recent increases in fortifier may all be associated with fulminant NEC.
Depression, Antidepressant Use, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk.

BACKGROUND
Whether depression and antidepressant (AD) use might influence breast cancer risk is unclear, and these exposures have not been evaluated together in a single, prospective cohort study of breast cancer risk.


METHODS
Among 71,439 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS), we estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs for the independent and joint effects of depressive symptoms and AD use on breast cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards regression.


RESULTS
When analyzed separately, neither depressive symptoms nor AD use at baseline were associated with a significantly increased risk of total breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.85-1.08; HR = 1.04, 95% CI, 0.92-1.20, respectively) or invasive breast cancer (HR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.86-1.12; HR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.86-1.16, respectively). Current AD use was associated with a borderline-significant increase of in situ breast cancer (HR = 1.30, 95% CI, 0.99-1.75) after adjustment for depressive symptoms; however, this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for mammographic screening (HR = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.76-1.51). No significant variation in total breast cancer risk was observed when the separate and joint effects of depressive symptoms and AD use were explored (P for interaction = 0.14).


CONCLUSION
We found no evidence that either depression or AD use influences breast cancer risk. An elevated risk of in situ disease among AD users could not be ruled out, though is likely due to increased screening in this subgroup.


IMPACT
Given the high prevalence of these exposures, these results may provide reassurance to the millions of women who are depressed and/or use ADs each year.
Exploring the Possibility of Using Humanoid Robots as Instructional Tools for Teaching a Second Language in Primary School

ISSN 1436-4522. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the editors at kinshuk@massey.ac.nz. ISSN 1436-4522 (online) and 1176-3647 (print). © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the editors at kinshuk@ieee.org. Journal of Educational Technology & Society
Contextual interaction between novelty and reward processing within the mesolimbic system

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) dependent long-term memory for novel events is modulated by a circuitry that also responds to reward and includes the ventral striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). This common neural network may reflect a functional link between novelty and reward whereby novelty motivates exploration in the search for rewards; a link also termed novelty "exploration bonus." We used fMRI in a scene encoding paradigm to investigate the interaction between novelty and reward with a focus on neural signals akin to an exploration bonus. As expected, reward related long-term memory for the scenes (after 24 hours) strongly correlated with activity of MTL, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). Furthermore, the hippocampus showed a main effect of novelty, the striatum showed a main effect of reward, and the mOFC signalled both novelty and reward. An interaction between novelty and reward akin to an exploration bonus was found in the hippocampus. These data suggest that MTL novelty signals are interpreted in terms of their reward-predicting properties in the mOFC, which biases striatal reward responses. The striatum together with the SN/VTA then regulates MTL-dependent long-term memory formation and contextual exploration bonus signals in the hippocampus.
Fitting perception in and to cognition

Perceptual modules adapt at evolutionary, lifelong, and moment-to-moment temporal scales to better serve the informational needs of cognizers. Perceptual learning is a powerful way for an individual to become tuned to frequently recurring patterns in its specific local environment that are pertinent to its goals without requiring costly executive control resources to be deployed. Mechanisms like predictive coding, categorical perception, and action-informed vision allow our perceptual systems to interface well with cognition by generating perceptual outputs that are systematically guided by how they will be used. In classic conceptions of perceptual modules, people have access to the modules' outputs but no ability to adjust their internal workings. However, humans routinely and strategically alter their perceptual systems via training regimes that have predictable and specific outcomes. In fact, employing a combination of strategic and automatic devices for adapting perception is one of the most promising approaches to improving cognition.
Content Aware Neural Style Transfer

In the emerging inter-disciplinary field of art and image processing, algorithms have been developed to assist the analysis of art work. In most applications, especially brush stroke analysis, high resolution digital images of paintings are required to capture subtle patterns and details in the high frequency range of the spectrum. Algorithms have been developed to learn styles of painters from their digitized paintings to help identify authenticity of controversial paintings. However, high quality testing datasets containing both original and forgery are limited to confidential image files provided by museums, which is not publicly available, and a small sets of original/copy paintings painted by the same artist, where copies were deferred to two weeks after the originals were finished. Up to date, no synthesized painting by computers from a real painting has been used as a negative test case, mainly due to the limitation of prevailing style transfer algorithms. There are two main types of style transfer algorithms, either transferring the tone (color, contrast, saturation, etc.) of an image, preserving its patterns and details, or distorting the texture uniformly of an image to create “style”. In this paper, we are interested in a higher level of style transfer, particularly, transferring a source natural image (e.g. a photo) to a high resolution painting given a reference painting of similar object. The transferred natural image would have a similar presentation of the original object to that of the reference painting. In general, an object is painted in a different style of brush strokes than that of the background, hence the desired style transferring algorithm should be able to recognize the object in the source natural image and transfer brush stroke styles in the reference painting in a content-aware way such that the styles of the foreground and the background, and moreover different parts of the foreground in the transferred image, are consistent to that in the reference painting. Recently, an algorithm based on deep convolutional neural network has been developed to transfer artistic style from an art painting to a photo [2]. Successful as it is in transferring styles from impressionist paintings of artists such as Vincent van Gogh to photos of various scenes, the algorithm is prone to distorting the structure of the content in the source image and introducing artifacts/new
Are the review criteria for automated complete blood counts of the International Society of Laboratory Hematology suitable for all hematology laboratories?

OBJECTIVE
to verify whether the review criteria for automated blood counts suggested by the International Consensus Group for Hematology Review of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology are suitable for the Hematology Laboratory of Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná.


METHODS
initially, the review criteria of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology were adapted due to limitations in the Institution's electronic hospital records and interfacing systems. The adapted review criteria were tested using 1977 samples. After this first assessment, an additional 180 inpatient samples were analyzed to evaluate the screening criteria of the review criteria in conjunction with positive smear findings established by the institution. The performance of the review criteria was verified by determining false positive, false negative, true positive and true negative rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, microscopic review rate and efficiency.


RESULTS
initial analysis showed false negatives=6.73%, false positives=23.27%, microscopic review rate=46.03% and efficiency=70.0%. An evaluation of the screening criteria adapted from the review criteria together with the positive smear findings of the institution showed false negatives=15.5%, false positives=10.5%, microscopic review rate=37.3% and efficiency=73.8%. In both situations the safety limit (false negative <5%) recommended by the review criteria was exceeded.


CONCLUSIONS
the review criteria adapted from the International Society for Laboratory Hematology are neither suitable nor safe for use in the hematology laboratory of the Hospital de Clinicas. This implies a need to develop and validate institution-specific review criteria in order to decrease false negative results to an acceptable and safe rate for patients.
Use of electronic health records in U.S. hospitals.

BACKGROUND
Despite a consensus that the use of health information technology should lead to more efficient, safer, and higher-quality care, there are no reliable estimates of the prevalence of adoption of electronic health records in U.S. hospitals.


METHODS
We surveyed all acute care hospitals that are members of the American Hospital Association for the presence of specific electronic-record functionalities. Using a definition of electronic health records based on expert consensus, we determined the proportion of hospitals that had such systems in their clinical areas. We also examined the relationship of adoption of electronic health records to specific hospital characteristics and factors that were reported to be barriers to or facilitators of adoption.


RESULTS
On the basis of responses from 63.1% of hospitals surveyed, only 1.5% of U.S. hospitals have a comprehensive electronic-records system (i.e., present in all clinical units), and an additional 7.6% have a basic system (i.e., present in at least one clinical unit). Computerized provider-order entry for medications has been implemented in only 17% of hospitals. Larger hospitals, those located in urban areas, and teaching hospitals were more likely to have electronic-records systems. Respondents cited capital requirements and high maintenance costs as the primary barriers to implementation, although hospitals with electronic-records systems were less likely to cite these barriers than hospitals without such systems.


CONCLUSIONS
The very low levels of adoption of electronic health records in U.S. hospitals suggest that policymakers face substantial obstacles to the achievement of health care performance goals that depend on health information technology. A policy strategy focused on financial support, interoperability, and training of technical support staff may be necessary to spur adoption of electronic-records systems in U.S. hospitals.
Rethinking Monolingual Instructional Strategies in Multilingual Classrooms.

Three inter-related assumptions regarding best practice in second/foreign language teaching and bilingual/immersion education continue to dominate classroom instruction. These assumptions are that: (a) the target language (TL) should be used exclusively for instructional purposes without recourse to students’ first language (L1); (b) translation between L1 and TL has no place in the language classroom; and (c) within immersion and bilingual programs, the two languages should be kept rigidly separate. Research evidence provides minimal support for these assumptions and they are also inconsistent with the instructional implications of current theory in the areas of cognitive psychology and applied linguistics. Based on current research and theory, a set of bilingual instructional strategies are proposed and concrete examples are provided to illustrate how these strategies can be used together with monolingual strategies in a balanced and complementary way.
Effect of feed to inoculum ratios on biogas yields of food and green wastes.

Biogas and methane yields of food and green wastes and their mixture were determined using batch anaerobic digesters at mesophilic (35+/-2 degrees C) and thermophilic (50+/-2 degrees C) temperatures. The mixture was composed of 50% food waste and 50% green waste, based on the volatile solids (VS) initially added to the reactors. The thermophilic digestion tests were performed with four different feed to inoculum (F/I) ratios (i.e., 1.6, 3.1, 4.0 and 5.0) and the mesophilic digestion was conducted at one F/I (3.1). The results showed that the F/I significantly affected the biogas production rate. At four F/Is tested, after 25 days of thermophilic digestion, the biogas yield was determined to be 778, 742, 784 and 396 mL/g VS for food waste, respectively; 631, 529, 524 and 407 mL/g VS for green waste, respectively; and 716, 613, 671 and 555 mL/g VS for the mixture, respectively. About 80% of the biogas production was obtained during the first 10 days of digestion. At the F/I of 3.1, the biogas and methane yields from mesophilic digestion of food waste, green waste and their mixture were lower than the yields obtained at thermophilic temperature. The biogas yields were 430, 372 and 358 mL/g VS, respectively, and the methane yields were 245, 206, and 185 mL/g VS, respectively.
Cross-coupling motion controller for mobile robots

The design and implementation of a cross-coupling motion controller for a differential-drive mobile robot is described. A new concept, the most significant error, is introduced as the control design objective. Cross-coupling control directly minimizes the most significant error by coordinating the motion of the two drive wheels. The cross-coupling controller has excellent disturbance rejection. This is advantageous when the robot is not loaded symmetrically or has large friction in its drive mechanism, and especially when it is instructed to follow curved paths. Experimental results show that cross-coupling control yields substantially smaller position and orientation errors than conventional methods.<<ETX>>