LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Liver tumours due to endometriosis and endometrial stromal sarcoma.

BACKGROUND
Endometriosis can occur in unusual sites, liver involvement being first described in 1986. Extra-uterine malignant transformation in endometriosis has been reported, occurring mainly in the ovary. Liver involvement with endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) has not been previously reported.


CASE OUTLINE
Two patients presenting with symptomatic liver masses related to endometriosis, who successfully underwent surgical intervention, are presented.


CASE 1
A 31-year-old woman previously had been treated with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy for severe pelvic endometriosis. Six years later, she presented with malaise from bilobar liver involvement with endometrial deposits. She proceeded acutely to hilar obstruction with obstructive jaundice and portal vein thrombosis.


CASE 2
A 59-year-old post-menopausal woman had earlier presented acutely from a ruptured mesenteric cyst, which showed features of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Two years later, she presented with symptoms from a large ESS occupying the right lobe.


DISCUSSION
Endometriosis per se, as well as malignant transformation into ESS can involve the liver.These should be considered in women with hepatic space occupying lesions of unknown etiology.
Australasian randomised trial to evaluate the role of maternal intramuscular dexamethasone versus betamethasone prior to preterm birth to increase survival free of childhood neurosensory disability (A*STEROID): study protocol

BACKGROUND
Both dexamethasone and betamethasone, given to women at risk of preterm birth, substantially improve short-term neonatal health, increase the chance of the baby being discharged home alive, and reduce childhood neurosensory disability, remaining safe into adulthood. However, it is unclear which corticosteroid is of greater benefit to mother and child.This study aims to determine whether giving dexamethasone to women at risk of preterm birth at less than 34 weeks' gestation increases the chance of their children surviving free of neurosensory disability at two years' corrected age, compared with betamethasone.


METHODS/DESIGN
Design randomised, multicentre, placebo controlled trial.Inclusion criteria women at risk of preterm birth at less than 34 weeks' gestation with a singleton or twin pregnancy and no contraindications to the use of antenatal corticosteroids and who give informed consent.Trial entry & randomisation at telephone randomisation eligible women will be randomly allocated to either the dexamethasone group or the betamethasone group, allocated a study number and corresponding treatment pack.Study groups women in the dexamethasone group will be administered two syringes of 12 mg dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and women in the betamethasone group will be administered two syringes of 11.4 mg betamethasone (Celestone Chronodose). Both study groups consist of intramuscular treatments 24 hours apart.Primary study outcome death or any neurosensory disability measured in children at two years' corrected age.Sample size a sample size of 1449 children is required to detect either a decrease in death or any neurosensory disability from 27.0% to 20.1% with dexamethasone compared with betamethasone, or an increase from 27.0% to 34.5% (two-sided alpha 0.05, 80% power, 5% loss to follow up, design effect 1.2).


DISCUSSION
This study will provide high-level evidence of direct relevance for clinical practice. If one drug clearly results in significantly fewer deaths and fewer disabled children then it should be used consistently in women at risk of preterm birth and would be of great importance to women at risk of preterm birth, their children, health services and communities.


TRIAL REGISTRATION



TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ACTRN12608000631303.
Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancers.

BACKGROUND
Biliary tract cancers are uncommon tumors with a poor prognosis and most patients present with invasive and inoperable disease at diagnosis. Chemotherapy represents a palliative treatment, with poor response rates and a median survival of less than 6 months. Oxaliplatin and gemcitabine have shown an interesting activity as single agents in this group of patients.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We carried out a multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined oxaliplatin and gemcitabine in locally advanced and metastatic biliary tract carcinoma. The schedule of chemotherapy included oxaliplatin 100 mg/m(2) on day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, every 21 days.


RESULTS
All the 24 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. According to RECIST criteria we observed one complete response and 11 partial responses for an overall response rate of 50%. Overall survival for all the patients on study was 12 months (range 2-30). According to WHO criteria, three patients (12.5%) suffered grade 3 neutropenia and three patients (12.5%) grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Only two patients (8%) suffered grade 3 neuropathy.


CONCLUSIONS
Oxaliplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy seems to be effective with a favorable safety profile in first-line chemotherapy of advanced biliary tract cancers.
Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study

Modern organizations face many significant challenges because of turbulent environments and a competitive global economy. Among these challenges are the use of information and communication technology (ICT), a multicultural workforce, and organizational designs that involve global virtual teams. Ad hoc teams create both opportunities and challenges for organizations and many organizations are trying to understand how the virtual environment affects team effectiveness. Our exploratory study focused on the effects of cultural diversity and ICT on team effectiveness. Interviews with 41 team members from nine countries employed by a Fortune 500 corporation were analyzed. Results suggested that cultural diversity had a positive influence on decision-making and a negative influence on communication. ICT mitigated the negative impact on intercultural communication and supported the positive impact on decision-making. Effective technologies for intercultural communication included e-mail, teleconferencing combined with e-Meetings, and team rooms. Cultural diversity influenced selection of the communication media. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Diffusion dynamics in small-world networks with heterogeneous consumers

Diffusions of new products and technologies through social networks can be formalized as spreading of infectious diseases. However, while epidemiological models describe infection in terms of transmissibility, we propose a diffusion model that explicitly includes consumer decision-making affected by social influences and word-of-mouth processes. In our agent-based model consumers’ probability of adoption depends on the external marketing effort and on the internal influence that each consumer perceives in his/her personal networks. Maintaining a given marketing effort and assuming its effect on the probability of adoption as linear, we can study how social processes affect diffusion dynamics and how the speed of the diffusion depends on the network structure and on consumer heterogeneity. First, we show that the speed of diffusion changes with the degree of randomness in the network. In markets with high social influence and in which consumers have a sufficiently large local network, the speed is low in regular networks, it increases in small-world networks and, contrarily to what epidemic models suggest, it becomes very low again in random networks. Second, we show that heterogeneity helps the diffusion. Ceteris paribus and varying the degree of heterogeneity in the population of agents simulation results show that the S. A. Delre ( ) . W. Jager Faculty of Management and Organization, Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands e-mail: s.a.delre@rug.nl W. Jager e-mail: w.jager@rug.nl M. A. Janssen School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 e-mail: Marco.Janssen@asu.edu
A phase I, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic dose escalation trial of weekly paclitaxel with interferon-α2b in patients with solid tumors

Purpose: Paclitaxel and interferon have demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. The toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel with interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) were assessed in patients with solid tumors to assess the feasibility of this novel anti-angiogenic regimen. Methods: IFN-α2b (1 million units) was administered twice daily by subcutaneous injection. Paclitaxel was given weekly over 1 h starting at 30 mg/m2 and increased to 50 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Results: Nineteen patients with a variety of solid tumors were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicity in cycle 1 was observed at 50 mg/m2. Eleven patients were treated at 40 mg/m2 with no undue toxicity. Pharmacokinetic parameter comparison studies were completed in 11 patients who received days 1 and 29 paclitaxel. Mean paclitaxel clearance and area under the curve (0–∞) were not statistically different from days 1 to 29. There was a 50% increase in the average C max from days 1 to 29. There was also a 73% decrease of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in these 11 patients from days 1 to 29 (p < 0.0005). All three patients with cutaneous angiosarcomas experienced clinically meaningful remissions. In addition, minor responses were observed in one patient with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer and another with adrenocortical carcinoma. Conclusion: This trial details the inability to dose escalate to the maximum tolerated dose of weekly paclitaxel when combined with low-dose interferon. However, this low-dose regimen caused a significant decrease in MMP-9 and demonstrated anti-cancer activity in cutaneous angiosarcomas.
A Large-Scale Study of Flash Memory Failures in the Field

Servers use flash memory based solid state drives (SSDs) as a high-performance alternative to hard disk drives to store persistent data. Unfortunately, recent increases in flash density have also brought about decreases in chip-level reliability. In a data center environment, flash-based SSD failures can lead to downtime and, in the worst case, data loss. As a result, it is important to understand flash memory reliability characteristics over flash lifetime in a realistic production data center environment running modern applications and system software.
 This paper presents the first large-scale study of flash-based SSD reliability in the field. We analyze data collected across a majority of flash-based solid state drives at Facebook data centers over nearly four years and many millions of operational hours in order to understand failure properties and trends of flash-based SSDs. Our study considers a variety of SSD characteristics, including: the amount of data written to and read from flash chips; how data is mapped within the SSD address space; the amount of data copied, erased, and discarded by the flash controller; and flash board temperature and bus power.
 Based on our field analysis of how flash memory errors manifest when running modern workloads on modern SSDs, this paper is the first to make several major observations: (1) SSD failure rates do not increase monotonically with flash chip wear; instead they go through several distinct periods corresponding to how failures emerge and are subsequently detected, (2) the effects of read disturbance errors are not prevalent in the field, (3) sparse logical data layout across an SSD's physical address space (e.g., non-contiguous data), as measured by the amount of metadata required to track logical address translations stored in an SSD-internal DRAM buffer, can greatly affect SSD failure rate, (4) higher temperatures lead to higher failure rates, but techniques that throttle SSD operation appear to greatly reduce the negative reliability impact of higher temperatures, and (5) data written by the operating system to flash-based SSDs does not always accurately indicate the amount of wear induced on flash cells due to optimizations in the SSD controller and buffering employed in the system software. We hope that the findings of this first large-scale flash memory reliability study can inspire others to develop other publicly-available analyses and novel flash reliability solutions.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer does not alter cancer-specific survival after cystectomy in a matched case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACHT; methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin, MVAC, or gemcitabine/cisplatin, GC) on the rate of cancer-specific survival and overall survival, as the benefit of ACHT after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer is controversial.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Within a study group of 958 patients treated with RC between 1984 and 2003, we identified 274 (29.0%) with a high risk of progression due to pT3 or pT4 and/or pN1-3 stages. Of these, 129 (46.6%) received ACHT (MVAC in 103, GC in 26). These patients were then matched with the remaining patients who were unexposed to ACHT. Exact matches were made for pT stage, tumour grade, pN stage and lymphovascular invasion. Age (+/-5 years) and year of surgery (+/-5 years) were calliper-matched. Matching resulted in 62 patients treated with RC/ACHT and 65 treated with RC alone. Kaplan-Meier, life-table and Cox regression analyses were used to assess cancer-specific and overall survival.


RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in cancer-specific survival probabilities at 5 years after RC between the two groups (relative risk 1.2; P = 0.5). There was also no difference in overall survival at 5 years (1.1; P = 0.7). In multivariable analyses the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy was not an independent predictor for survival endpoints (P = 0.3 for cancer-specific and 0.3 for overall survival).


CONCLUSIONS
This matched case-control analysis showed that either MVAC or GC chemotherapy had no effect on cancer-specific or overall survival after RC in high-risk patients. Further randomized long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.
How to put your Clitics in their Place or Why the Best Account of Second � Position Phenomena May be a Nearly Optimal One

This article addresses the issue of how clitic elements come to occupy the positions they do in the surface forms of sentences The empirical basis for the proposals here comes primarily from languages of the South Slavic family but the treatment is intended to be more general The background against which I would like to set this problem is the speci c set of proposals made in previous work within the theory of A Morphous Morphology Anderson On this view clitics are argued to represent a generalization to phrases of the kind of linguistic phenomenon we call morphology within the domain of individual words The picture that results from this perspective is somewhat unorthodox since it treats clitics not as syntactically functioning terminal elements within a phrase marker lexical items that are located in a speci c position by rules of the syntax but rather as phonological material introduced into the PF representations of phrases by rules belonging to the same broad class as those of Word Formation The discussion below will be developed as follows I will rst provide some background on the nature and gross typology of clitics and a summary of the argument and proposals concerning clitics within A Morphous Morphology Anderson I will then re hearse in somewhat greater detail the reasoning which suggests that the tools of syntactic analysis sensu stricto are not appropriate for the job of describing an important class of cl itics those appearing in second position I will then discuss another recent proposal that supplements syntactic mechanisms with some attention to and operations on prosodic structure I will claim that there are problems with this approach as well I will then suggest
Preoperative multimodal motor mapping: a comparison of magnetoencephalography imaging, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, and direct cortical stimulation.

OBJECT
Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) is the gold-standard technique for motor mapping during craniotomy. However, preoperative noninvasive motor mapping is becoming increasingly accurate. Two such noninvasive modalities are navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) imaging. While MEG imaging has already been extensively validated as an accurate modality of noninvasive motor mapping, TMS is less well studied. In this study, the authors compared the accuracy of TMS to both DCS and MEG imaging.


METHODS
Patients with tumors in proximity to primary motor cortex underwent preoperative TMS and MEG imaging for motor mapping. The patients subsequently underwent motor mapping via intraoperative DCS. The loci of maximal response were recorded from each modality and compared. Motor strength was assessed at 3 months postoperatively.


RESULTS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and MEG imaging were performed on 24 patients. Intraoperative DCS yielded 8 positive motor sites in 5 patients. The median distance ± SEM between TMS and DCS motor sites was 2.13 ± 0.29 mm, and between TMS and MEG imaging motor sites was 4.71 ± 1.08 mm. In no patients did DCS motor mapping reveal a motor site that was unrecognized by TMS. Three of 24 patients developed new, early neurological deficit in the form of upper-extremity paresis. At the 3-month follow-up evaluation, 2 of these patients were significantly improved, experiencing difficulty only with fine motor tasks; the remaining patient had improvement to 4/5 strength. There were no deaths over the course of the study.


CONCLUSIONS
Maps of the motor system generated with TMS correlate well with those generated by both MEG imaging and DCS. Negative TMS mapping also correlates with negative DCS mapping. Navigated TMS is an accurate modality for noninvasively generating preoperative motor maps.
In-hospital mortality and stroke after surgical aortic valve replacement: A nationwide perspective.

BACKGROUND
Stroke is a widely recognized complication after aortic valve replacement (AVR), especially among elderly patients. The literature contains substantial variability in reports of the actual incidence of stroke after AVR among high-risk patients. Our objective was to define risk of stroke in patients undergoing surgical AVR, using a large national database.


METHODS
We used the 2002 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for this analysis. All patients undergoing isolated AVR, or AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (AVR + CABG), were identified using standard International Classification of Diseases codes. In-hospital mortality and any adverse neurologic event were the primary outcomes of the study.


RESULTS
The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 3.0% and 5.1%, respectively, among patients undergoing isolated AVR and AVR + CABG; it was significantly lower in high-volume centers. The incidence of any adverse neurologic event was 2.0% and 2.9%, respectively, among patients undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. We demonstrated a progressive increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality and adverse neurologic events with increasing age. Neurologic events increased with age, from 1.3% for patients aged <70 years, to 3.2% for those aged >85 years, for isolated AVR; and from 2.3% to 3.6% for AVR + CABG. The incidence of in-hospital mortality was as high as 5.7% and 7.4%, respectively, among patients aged >85 years undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. Similarly, the incidence of any adverse neurologic event was 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively, among patients aged >85 years undergoing isolated AVR, and AVR + CABG. In addition, the risk of adverse neurologic events was significantly higher in the high-risk surgical cohort, compared with the low-risk surgical cohort (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; isolated AVR: 2.38 [1.99-2.86]; AVR + CABG: 1.88 [1.57-2.24]).


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of in-hospital mortality and adverse neurologic events was significantly higher among patients with advanced age and elevated surgical risk.
Message from Technical Program Committe Chair

Remember that in winter time of 1996, we had the first Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM1996) in XiAn JianGuo Hotel. Now, after 13 years, we have the honour to welcome friends and colleagues from Asia-Pacific and worldwide in this more than thousand years old and seems just 20 years young city — XiAn again.
Medication usage patterns for headache treatment after mild traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE
To describe patient self-report of headache treatment in the first year following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).


BACKGROUND
An understanding of appropriate management of symptoms after mild TBI is crucial for improving acute care and long-term outcomes. This is particularly true for post-traumatic headaches as recent studies suggest that headaches after mild TBI are common with multiple phenotypes. In addition, symptoms such as headache after mild TBI are often managed by primary care providers without specialty training, and often in medically underserved areas. Outside of previous opinion papers, few studies have guided the treatment or examined the effectiveness of the interventions for post-traumatic headache.


METHODS
One hundred sixty-seven participants admitted to a level 1 trauma hospital with mild TBI who were prospectively enrolled and reported new or worse headache at 3, 6, or 12 months after injury.


RESULTS
Participants were primarily male (75%), white (75%), injured in vehicle crashes (62%), and had completed high school (83%). The majority of headaches met International Classification of Headache Disorders-2nd edition criteria for migraine/probable migraine, followed by tension-type headache. Despite the diverse nature of headaches, more than 70% of those with headache at each time period used acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for headache control. Only 8% of those with the migraine/probable migraine phenotype used triptans. Of those individuals who used medication, 26% of those with migraine/probable migraine phenotype and 70% of those with tension headache phenotype endorsed complete relief (vs partial or no relief) because of medication use. The majority of individuals with tension headache reported never taking medication.


CONCLUSIONS
Headaches after mild TBI are frequent and are not optimally treated. Results suggest that many individuals with mild TBI may be self-treating their headaches by utilizing over-the-counter pain relief medications. These medications, however, are only providing effective treatment for a minority of this population. Further research must be conducted to develop evidence-guided treatment and educate providers.