LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Diatom Milking: A Review and New Approaches

The rise of human populations and the growth of cities contribute to the depletion of natural resources, increase their cost, and create potential climatic changes. To overcome difficulties in supplying populations and reducing the resource cost, a search for alternative pharmaceutical, nanotechnology, and energy sources has begun. Among the alternative sources, microalgae are the most promising because they use carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce biomass and/or valuable compounds. Once produced, the biomass is ordinarily harvested and processed (downstream program). Drying, grinding, and extraction steps are destructive to the microalgal biomass that then needs to be renewed. The extraction and purification processes generate organic wastes and require substantial energy inputs. Altogether, it is urgent to develop alternative downstream processes. Among the possibilities, milking invokes the concept that the extraction should not kill the algal cells. Therefore, it does not require growing the algae anew. In this review, we discuss research on milking of diatoms. The main themes are (a) development of alternative methods to extract and harvest high added value compounds; (b) design of photobioreactors;
Preventing Fairness Gerrymandering: Auditing and Learning for Subgroup Fairness

We introduce a new family of fairness definitions that interpolate between statistical and individual notions of fairness, obtaining some of the best properties of each. We show that checking whether these notions are satisfied is computationally hard in the worst case, but give practical oracle-efficient algorithms for learning subject to these constraints, and confirm our findings with experiments.
RoadRunner: Towards Automatic Data Extraction from Large Web Sites

The paper investigates techniques for extracting data from HTML sites through the use of automatically generated wrappers. To automate the wrapper generation and the data extraction process, the paper develops a novel technique to compare HTML pages and generate a wrapper based on their similarities and differences. Experimental results on real-life data-intensive Web sites confirm the feasibility of the approach.
Yoga management of breast cancer-related lymphoedema: a randomised controlled pilot-trial

BACKGROUND
Secondary arm lymphoedema continues to affect at least 20% of women after treatment for breast cancer requiring lifelong professional treatment and self-management. The holistic practice of yoga may offer benefits as an adjunct self-management option. The aim of this small pilot trial was to gain preliminary data to determine the effect of yoga on women with stage one breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL). This paper reports the results for the primary and secondary outcomes.


METHODS
Participants were randomised, after baseline testing, to receive either an 8-week yoga intervention (n = 15), consisting of a weekly 90-minute teacher-led class and a 40-minute daily session delivered by DVD, or to a usual care wait-listed control group (n = 13). Primary outcome measures were: arm volume of lymphoedema measured by circumference and extra-cellular fluid measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy. Secondary outcome measures were: tissue induration measured by tonometry; levels of sensations, pain, fatigue, and their limiting effects all measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life based on the Lymphoedema Quality of Life Tool (LYMQOL). Measurements were conducted at baseline, week 8 (post-intervention) and week 12 (four weeks after cessation of the intervention).


RESULTS
At week 8, the intervention group had a greater decrease in tissue induration of the affected upper arm compared to the control group (p = 0.050), as well as a greater reduction in the symptom sub-scale for QOL (p = 0.038). There was no difference in arm volume of lymphoedema or extra-cellular fluid between groups at week 8; however, at week 12, arm volume increased more for the intervention group than the control group (p = 0.032).


CONCLUSIONS
An 8-week yoga intervention reduced tissue induration of the affected upper arm and decreased the QOL sub-scale of symptoms. Arm volume of lymphoedema and extra-cellular fluid did not increase. These benefits did not last on cessation of the intervention when arm volume of lymphoedema increased. Further research trials with a longer duration, higher levels of lymphoedema and larger numbers are warranted before definitive conclusions can be made.
A 66.1 Gbps single-pipeline AES on FPGA

Targeting real-time encryption/decryption of high speed data communication, this paper proposes an FPGA-based high throughput AES design. The critical functions involved in AES are broken into elementary logic operations to gain the deep insight into the performance bottleneck. With respect to FPGA structures, a datapath with two balanced pipeline stages is determined for each of the encryption/decryption rounds. Meanwhile, a new key expansion scheme with additional nonlinear operations is proposed to increase the security of the AES implementation and is well matched to the two-stage pipelining datapath. The design is evaluated on various FPGA devices and is compared with several existing AES implementations. Results show that in terms of both throughput and throughput per slice the proposed AES design with single pipeline can overcome most existing designs and achieves a throughput of 66.1 Gbps on a latest FPGA device.
Hybrid Kalman Filter/Fuzzy Logic based Position Control of Autonomous Mobile Robot

This paper describes position control of autonomous mobile robot using combination of Kalman filter and Fuzzy logic techniques. Both techniques have been used to fuse information from internal and external sensors to navigate a typical mobile robot in an unknown environment. An obstacle avoidance algorithm utilizing stereo vision technique has been implemented for obstacle detection. The odometry errors due to systematic-errors (such as unequal wheel diameter, the effect of the encoder resolution etc.) and/or non-systematic errors (ground plane, wheel-slip etc.) contribute to various motion control problems of the robot. During the robot moves, whether straight-line and/or arc, create the position and orientation errors which depend on systematic and/or non-systematic odometry errors. The main concern in most of the navigating systems is to achieve the real-time and robustness performances to precisely control the robot movements. The objective of this research is to improve the position and the orientation of robot motion. From the simulation and experiments, we prove that the proposed mobile robot moves from start position to goal position with greater accuracy avoiding obstacles.
Multimodal Language Analysis in the Wild: CMU-MOSEI Dataset and Interpretable Dynamic Fusion Graph

We developed a crawler that can crawl YouTube and filter videos with only one person in front of the camera. This filter is implemented by extracting a number of frames from each video, and then using OpenCV’s (Itseez, 2015) Haar cascades to estimate how many faces are in each video. The crawler is supplied a search term which it then forwards to the YouTube Data API. The search terms provide a rough estimate of topics in the datasets, since they are directly connected to meta-data provided by the uploader. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the video topics used in CMU-MOSEI. The diversity of the video topics brings the following generalizability advantages: 1) the models trained on CMU-MOSEI will be generalizable across different topics and the notion of dataset domain is marginalized, 2) the diversity of topics bring variety of speakers, which allows the trained models to be generalizable across different speakers, and 3) the diversity in topics furthermore brings diversity in recording setups which allows the trained models to be generalizable across microphones and cameras with different intrinsic parameters. This diversity makes CMU-MOSEI a one-of-a-kind dataset for sentiment analysis and emotion recognition. Figure 1: The topics of videos in CMU-MOSEI, displayed as a Venn-style word cloud (Coppersmith and Kelly, 2014). Larger words indicate more videos from that topic.
An efficient and scalable architecture for neural networks with backpropagation learning

This paper describes the implementation, in reconfigurable hardware, of an artificial neural network (ANN) system architecture which features online supervised learning capabilities and resource virtualization. Neural networks are artificial systems inspired by the brain's cognitive behavior, which can learn tasks with some degree of complexity, such as, optimization problems, data mining and text and speech recognition. The architecture proposed takes advantage of distinct datapaths for the forward and backward propagation stages to significantly improve the performance of the learning phase. The architecture is easily scalable and able to cope with several network sizes with the same hardware. Networks larger than the available resources are handled by hardware virtualization. The results show that the proposed architecture leads to speed ups of one order of magnitude comparing to high-end software solutions.
Microcomputerised tomography evaluation of 10% carbamide peroxide applied to enamel.

OBJECTIVES
There is still some controversy in the dental literature whether carbamide peroxide bleaching causes demineralization of teeth. One of the reasons for this controversy is that there is as yet no reliable, non-destructive in vitro method for assessing mineral loss in bleached teeth. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible demineralization effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on enamel and dentine non-destructively.


METHODS
microCT images were obtained of 12 human molar tooth sections. These sections had 10% carbamide peroxide applied for eight hours a day over a period of 15 days. Further tomographic images were obtained and the mineral content prior to and post bleaching assessed.


RESULTS
A total of 144 regions were evaluated using the image processing language available in the work station. The application of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to cause demineralization of the enamel extended to a depth of 50 microm below the enamel surface (Paired t-test, p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that microCT was indeed a highly suitable method for assessing mineral content of dental enamel after bleach application. It is recommended that application of bleaching agents should be carefully considered in patients susceptible to caries and tooth wear.
A digestive tolerance study of maltitol after occasional and regular consumption in healthy humans

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the gastro-intestinal tolerance to an indigestible bulking sweetener containing sugar alcohol using a double-blind random cross-over study.Method: In order to simulate their usual pattern of consumption, 12 healthy volunteers ingested maltitol or sucrose throughout the day, either occasionally (once a week for each sugar, first period) or regularly (every day for two 9 day periods, second period). In both patterns of consumption, daily sugar doses were increased until diarrhea and/or a grade 3 (ie severe) digestive symptom occurred, at which the dose level was defined as the threshold dose (TD).Results: In the first period (occasional consumption), the mean TD was 92±6 g with maltitol and 106±4 g with sucrose (P=0.059). The mean intensity of digestive symptoms was 1.1 and 1.3, respectively (P=NS). Diarrhea appeared in six and one subjects respectively (P=0.035). In the second period (regular consumption), the mean TD was 93±9 g with maltitol and 113±7 g with sucrose (P=0.008). The mean intensity of digestive symptoms was 1.7 and 1.2, respectively (P=NS). However, diarrhea appeared in eight and three subjects, respectively (P=0.04). Maltitol and sucrose TDs between the two periods were not different.Conclusion: Under our experimental conditions, in comparison to sucrose: (a) occasional or regular consumption of maltitol is not associated with severe digestive symptoms; (b) in both patterns of maltitol consumption, diarrhea frequency is higher, but it appeared only for very high doses of maltitol, much greater than those currently used; (c) maltitol does not lead to intestinal flora adaptation after a 9 day period of consumption.
Context therapy: a new intervention approach for children with cerebral palsy.

AIM
To describe the development of context therapy, a new intervention approach designed for a randomized controlled trial.


METHOD
Therapists were trained to change task and environmental factors to achieve parent-identified functional goals for children with cerebral palsy. Therapists did not provide any remediation strategies to change the abilities of the child. Theoretical constructs were developed using dynamic systems theory and the principles of family-centered care. A primary therapist model was used. A three-step intervention strategy was developed.


RESULTS
Therapists adhered to the treatment protocol. Parents participated in the development of both functional goals and intervention strategies.


INTERPRETATION
A therapy approach focusing on changing the task and the environment rather than children's impairments can be a viable treatment strategy and merits further investigation. The detailed description of the context therapy approach allows replication by both researchers and clinicians. Such intervention descriptions are an important methodological consideration in rehabilitation research.
Influence of Exercise Intensity for Improving Depressed Mood in Depression: A Dose-Response Study.

INTRODUCTION
Exercise effectively improves mood in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the optimal exercise stimulus to improve depressed mood is unknown.


PURPOSE
To determine the dose-response relationship of acute exercise intensity with depressed mood responses to exercise in MDD. We hypothesized that the acute response to exercise would differ between light, moderate, and hard intensity exercise with higher intensities yielding more beneficial responses.


METHODS
Once weekly, 24 women (age: 38.6±14.0) diagnosed with MDD underwent a 30-minute session at one of three steady-state exercise intensities (light, moderate, hard; rating of perceived exertion 11, 13 or 15) or quiet rest on a stationary bicycle. Depressed mood was evaluated with the Profile of Mood States before, 10 and 30 minutes post-exercise.


RESULTS
Exercise reduced depressed mood 10 and 30 minutes following exercise, but this effect was not influenced by exercise intensity. Participants not currently taking antidepressants (n=10) had higher baseline depression scores, but did not demonstrate a different antidepressant response to exercise compared to those taking antidepressants.


CONCLUSIONS
To acutely improve depressed mood, exercise of any intensity significantly improved feelings of depression with no differential effect following light, moderate, or hard exercise. Pharmacological antidepressant usage did not limit the mood-enhancing effect of acute exercise. Acute exercise should be used as a symptom management tool to improve mood in depression, with even light exercise an effective recommendation. These results need to be replicated and extended to other components of exercise prescription (e.g., duration, frequency, mode) to optimize exercise guidelines for improving depression.
Answering aggregate keyword queries on relational databases using minimal group-bys

Keyword search has been recently extended to relational databases to retrieve information from text-rich attributes. However, all the existing methods focus on finding individual tuples matching a set of query keywords from one table or the join of multiple tables. In this paper, we motivate a novel problem of aggregate keyword search: finding minimal group-bys covering a set of query keywords well, which is useful in many applications. We develop two interesting approaches to tackle the problem, and further extend our methods to allow partial matches. An extensive empirical evaluation using both real data sets and synthetic data sets is reported to verify the effectiveness of aggregate keyword search and the efficiency of our methods.
The development of artificial neural networks to predict virological response to combination HIV therapy.

INTRODUCTION
When used in combination, antiretroviral drugs are highly effective for suppressing HIV replication. Nevertheless, treatment failure commonly occurs and is generally associated with viral drug resistance. The choice of an alternative regimen may be guided by a drug-resistance test. However, interpretation of resistance from genotypic data poses a major challenge.


METHODS
As an alternative to current interpretation systems, we have developed artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict virological response to combination therapy from HIV genotype and other clinical information.


RESULTS
ANN models trained with genotype, baseline viral load and time to follow-up viral load (1154 treatment change episodes from multiple clinics), produced predictions of virological response that were highly significantly correlated with actual responses (r2 = 0.53; P < 0.00001) using independent test data from clinics that contributed training data. Augmented models, trained with the additional variables of baseline CD4+ T-cell count and four treatment history variables, were more accurate, explaining 69% of the variance in virological response. Models trained with the full input dataset, but only those data involving highly active antiretroviral therapy (three or more full-dose antiretroviral drugs in combination), performed at an intermediate level, explaining 61% of the variance. The augmented models performed less well when tested with data from unfamiliar clinics that had not contributed data to the training dataset, explaining 46% of the variance in response.


CONCLUSION
These data indicate that ANN models can be quite accurate predictors of virological response to HIV therapy even for patients from unfamiliar clinics. ANN models therefore warrant further development as a potential tool to aid treatment selection.
Use of Home Peritoneal Dialysis by Cuba's Nephrology Institute, 2007-2012.

INTRODUCTION
Peritoneal dialysis is a maintenance therapy option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Cuba was introduced in December 2007, and automated peritoneal dialysis one year later. This paper presents the outcomes attained with this blood purification technique, enabling an assessment to decide on scaling up its use in Cuba.


OBJECTIVE
Describe the clinical course of patients in the first five years of the Home Peritoneal Dialysis Program at Havana's Nephrology Institute.


METHODS
An observational, descriptive study with a retrospective cohort was conducted. The universe comprised the 40 Nephrology Institute patients who underwent treatment with home peritoneal dialysis from December 20, 2007 to December 20, 2012. Relative and absolute frequencies were calculated for the study variables and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curves for patients and for the peritoneum as dialysis membrane. RESULTS Of the 40 patients in the program, 23 were men and 17 were women, primarily aged 40 to 59 years. The most frequent causes of chronic kidney failure were hypertension (42.5%), glomerulopathies (22.5%), and diabetes mellitus (22.5%). A total of 103 complications occurred, both infectious (68, 66%) and non-infectious (35, 34%). The most common infectious complication was peritonitis (45, 66.2%); the most frequent non-infectious complication was catheter displacement (13, 37.1%). Seven patients left the peritoneal dialysis program. Of these, three died, two lost function of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane, one received a kidney transplant and one recovered kidney function. Survival was 100% at one year, 97% at 2 years, 93.2% at 3 and 4 years, and 92% at 5 years. However, the peritoneal membrane was functional in 100% of patients during the first 2 years, decreasing to 96% at 3 and 4 years and to 88.6% at 5 years.


CONCLUSIONS
In our setting, peritoneal dialysis attained outcomes similar to those obtained internationally, which supports its usefulness as a renal replacement therapy method in Cuban patients with end-stage renal disease.
An autonomous off-road robot based on integrative technologies

This paper presents an autonomous off-road robot designed by converging highly reliable integrative technologies. The mechanical, electrical, and computing platforms of the robot are highly stable and easy to configure and can be used as a general robotics prototyping infrastructure for unmanned ground vehicle. Part of the design is an interactive graphical simulation interface that proved to correlate well with field trials. Field experiments have shown that the system is highly efficient.
Internet-enabled interactive multimedia asthma education program: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether health outcomes of children who have asthma can be improved through the use of an Internet-enabled interactive multimedia asthma education program.


METHODS
Two hundred twenty-eight children with asthma visiting a pediatric pulmonary clinic were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Children and caregivers in both groups received traditional patient education based on the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Intervention group participants received additional self-management education through the Interactive Multimedia Program for Asthma Control and Tracking. Pediatric Asthma Care Knowledge Survey, Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire, asthma symptom history, spirometry, and health services utilization data were collected at the initial visit and at 3 and 12 months.


RESULTS
Interactive Multimedia Program for Asthma Control and Tracking significantly increased asthma knowledge of children and caregivers, decreased asthma symptom days (81 vs 51 per year), and decreased number of emergency department visits (1.93 vs 0.62 per year) among the intervention group participants. The intervention group children were also using a significantly lower average daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (434 vs 754 micro g [beclomethasone equivalents]) at visit 3. Asthma knowledge of all 7- to 17-year-old children correlated with fewer urgent physician visits (r = 0.37) and less frequent use of quick-relief medicines (r = 0.30).


CONCLUSIONS
Supplementing conventional asthma care with interactive multimedia education can significantly improve asthma knowledge and reduce the burden of childhood asthma.
Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes

Lessons learned from three container-management systems over a decade