LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Global impact of diarrheal diseases that are sampled by travelers: the rest of the hippopotamus.

Travelers who experience diarrhea (i.e., "turista") are exposed to the same pathogens and illnesses that pose some of the greatest threats to life and development among malnourished children in developing areas around the world, where inadequate water and poor sanitation remain. This article focuses on new findings about the impact, diagnosis, and control of these illnesses and the genetic predispositions of persons who acquire them. Despite the reductions in mortality due to dehydrating diarrhea, the morbidity associated with diarrheal illnesses continues unabated. Furthermore, we increasingly recognize the lasting detrimental effects of enteric infections that occur during early childhood on later physical and cognitive development and, in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, on the absorption of antiretroviral drugs. Genetic predispositions to inflammation and potential protection associated with such alleles as ApoE4, which are not suspected of being involved in diarrhea, remind us of how much we have to learn about the effect and interactions of enteric tropical infectious diseases with regard to our host genome. New diagnostic methods hold promise for improved recognition and, hopefully, control of enteric infections worldwide.
Finite Sets and Natural Numbers in Intuitionistic TT Without Extensionality

In this paper, we prove that Heyting's arithmetic can be interpreted in an intuitionistic version of Russell's Simple Theory of Types without extensionality.
Classification of occupational therapy intervention for inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the specific type of occupational therapy intervention used by occupational therapists during inpatient stroke rehabilitation in one midwestern U.S. hospital to determine the frequency of prefunctional versus functional activity use.


METHOD
A retrospective chart analysis was conducted of clients who received inpatient stroke rehabilitation between January 2003 and June 2004. Type of intervention, intervention strategies, and adaptive equipment use were recorded for each session provided.


RESULTS
The majority of sessions (65.77%, n = 1,022) consisted of activities that were prefunctional in nature compared with 48.26% (n = 750) that focused on activities of daily living. Musculoskeletal intervention strategies were used in more than half (52.25%) of the sessions.


CONCLUSION
More sessions were spent on prefunctional than on functional activities, and musculoskeletal intervention strategies were most common. Future research studies are warranted to determine the most effective intervention for this client population.
Medicinal properties of Zingiber officinale Roscoe - A Review

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belong to Zingiberacae family is one of the famous spices all over the world. It is a perennial creeping plant with long leaves, yellow green flowers and thick tuberous rhizome. This is a type of storage root having pungent taste. Ginger has a long history of medicinal use for more than 2000 years as one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activity. From ancient times ginger has been exploited both as Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for curing heart problems, menstruation disorder, food poisoning, osteoarthritis, epilepsy, nausea, inflammation, cough and cold, motion sickness, menstrual cramps, cancer and many more. Besides these it also exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The medicinal properties of ginger are due to the presence of gingerol and paradol, shogaols, etc. Medicinal value of ginger and its knowledge provide the good platform for researchers for future research to protect human beings from several types of diseases.
Predicting Latent Structured Intents from Shopping Queries

In online shopping, users usually express their intent through search queries. However, these queries are often ambiguous. For example, it is more likely (and easier) for users to write a query like “high-end bike” than “21 speed carbon frames jamis or giant road bike”. It is challenging to interpret these ambiguous queries and thus search result accuracy suffers. A user oftentimes needs to go through the frustrating process of refining search queries or self-teaching from possibly unstructured information. However, shopping is indeed a structured domain, that is composed of category hierarchy, brands, product lines, features, etc. It would be much better if a shopping site could understand users’ intent through this structure, present organized information, and then find the items with the right categories, brands or features. In this paper we study the problem of inferring the latent intent from unstructured queries and mapping them to structured attributes. We present a novel framework that jointly learns this knowledge from user consumption behaviors and product metadata. We present a hybrid Long Shortterm Memory (LSTM) [10] joint model that is accurate and robust, even though user queries are noisy and product catalog is rapidly growing. Our study is conducted on a largescale dataset from Google Shopping, that is composed of millions of items and user queries along with their click responses. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation shows that the proposed model is more accurate, concise, and robust than multiple possible alternatives. In terms of information retrieval (IR) performance, our model is able to improve the quality of current Google Shopping production system, which is a very strong baseline.
Reconhecimento de padrões faciais : Um estudo

Resumo—O reconhecimento facial tem sido utilizado em diversas áreas para identificação e autenticação de usuários. Um dos principais mercados está relacionado a segurança, porém há uma grande variedade de aplicações relacionadas ao uso pessoal, conveniência, aumento de produtividade, etc. O rosto humano possui um conjunto de padrões complexos e mutáveis. Para reconhecer esses padrões, são necessárias técnicas avançadas de reconhecimento de padrões capazes, não apenas de reconhecer, mas de se adaptar às mudanças constantes das faces das pessoas. Este documento apresenta um método de reconhecimento facial proposto a partir da análise comparativa de trabalhos encontrados na literatura.
Worst-case analysis and optimization of VLSI circuit performances

In this paper, we present a new approach for realistic worst-case analysis of VLSI circuit performances and a novel methodology for circuit performance optimization. Circuit performance measures are modeled as response surfaces of the designable and uncontrollable (noise) parameters. Worst-case analysis proceeds by rst computing the worst-case circuit performance value and then determining the worst-case noise parameter values by solving a nonlinear programming problem. A new circuit optimization technique is developed to nd an optimal design point at which all of the circuit speciications are met under worst-case conditions. This worst-case design optimization method is formulated as a constrained multi-criteria optimization. The methodologies described in this paper are applied to several VLSI circuits to demonstrate their accuracy and eeciency.
Parameterized versus generative representations in structural design: an empirical comparison

Any computational approach to design, including the use of evolutionary algorithms, requires the transformation of the domain-specific knowledge into a formal design representation. This is a difficult and still not completely understood process. Its critical part is the choice of a type of design representation. The paper addresses this important issue by presenting and discussing results of a large number of design experiments in which parameterized and generative representations were used. Particularly, their computational and design related advantages and disadvantages were investigated and compared.Evolutionary design experiments reported in this paper considered two classes of structural design problems, including the design of a wind bracing system and the design of an entire structural system in a tall building. Parameterized and generative representations of the structural systems were introduced and their basic features discussed. The generative representations investigated in the paper were inspired by the processes of morphogenesis occurring in nature. Specifically, one-dimensional cellular automata were used to develop, or 'grow,' structural designs from the corresponding 'design embryos.'.The conducted research led to three major conclusions. First, generative representations based on cellular automata proved to scale well with the size of the considered design problems. Second, generative representations outperformed parameterized representations in minimizing weight of the structural systems in our problem domain by generating better designs and finding them faster. Finally, extensive experimental studies showed significant differences in optimal settings for evolutionary design experiments for the two representation types. The rate of mutation operator, the size of the parent population, and the type of the evolutionary algorithm were identified as the evolutionary parameters having the largest impact on the performance of evolutionary design processes in our problem domain.
Is Quantum Reduction the Ultimate Outcome of Decoherence

This model was crazy (or not crazy enough for this topic) and it would lead to a reduction time much longer than the age of the universe.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

BACKGROUND
The most commonly used medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the psychostimulants. There is, however, considerable awareness in alternative, nonstimulant therapies, because some patients respond poorly to stimulants or are unable to tolerate them. Some studies suggest that deficiency of zinc play a substantial role in the aetiopathogenesis of ADHD. Therefore, to assess the efficacy of zinc sulfate we conducted treatment trial.


METHODS
Patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD (N=400; 72 girls, 328 boys, mean age=9.61+/-1.7) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with zinc sulfate (n=202) (150 mg/day) or placebo (n=198). Efficacy was assessed with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (ADHDS), Conners Teacher Questionnaire, and DuPaul Parent Ratings of ADHD. Primary efficacy variables were differences from baseline to endpoint (last observation carried forward) in mean ADHDS and Conners Teacher Questionnaire scores between the zinc sulfate and the placebo groups. Safety evaluations included monitoring of adverse events, vital signs and clinical laboratory values.


RESULTS
Zinc sulfate was statistically superior to placebo in reducing both hyperactive, impulsive and impaired socialization symptoms, but not in reducing attention deficiency symptoms, as assessed by ADHDS. However, full therapeutic response rates of the zinc and placebo groups remained 28.7% and 20%, respectively. It was determined that the hyperactivity, impulsivity and socialization scores displayed significant decrease in patients of older age and high BMI score with low zinc and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. Zinc sulfate was well tolerated and associated with a low rate of side effect.


CONCLUSIONS
Zinc monotherapy was significantly superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and impaired socialization in patients with ADHD. Although by themselves, these findings may not be sufficient, it may well be considered that zinc treatment appears to be an efficacious treatment for ADHD patients having older age and high BMI score with low zinc and FFA levels.
Tangible Things: Making History through Objects

[tentative] Preface Introduction: Thinking with Things Chapter 1: Things in Place 1. Natural History Say it with Flowers: An Orchid Specimen and a Watercolor Drawing 2. Archaeology and Anthropology A Surface Find in the Semitic Museum: A Roman Four-Handled Glass Jar 3. Books and Manuscripts Plato from the Sharp-Nosed Trash 4. Art Set in Stone: A Limestone Mold for Casting Openwork Ornaments 5. Science and Medicine Political Chemistry 6. History A Knockabout Dress Chapter 2: Things Unplaced Memorandums of a Cottage An Enchanted Galapagos Tortoise Shell Marked " Pointing Fingers: A Carved Spoon, Human Hand An Errant Tortilla Exotic Opulence: An Iridescent Beetle Ornament Tracking Blondie: Blondie Goes to Leisureland Chapter 3: Things Out of Place A Palette and the Psychology of Vision A Blue Bird Plows and Swords: The Artemas Ward Plow in the Semitic Museum Nature or Culture? A Carved Helmeted Hornbill Skull Chapter 4: Things in Stories-Stories in Things Objects as Portals The Message Transits of Venus Changing Stories about American Indians Appendix: Glossary of Harvard Collections Photo Essay: Unexpected Discoveries: the Joy of Object Photography
Evidence for a Role of Progesterone in Menstrual Cycle-Related Variability in Prepulse Inhibition in Healthy Young Women

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is sensitive to sex, with healthy young women showing less PPI compared with age-matched men, and varies according to the menstrual cycle phase in women. Relatively less is known regarding sex and hormonal influences in prepulse facilitation (PPF). Menstrual phase-related variability in PPI is suggested to be mediated by fluctuating estrogen level, based on the observations of more PPI in women during the follicular, relative to the luteal, phase. No study has directly assessed the relationship between fluctuating hormones and PPI or PPF levels over the human ovarian cycle. To examine the roles of circulating ovarian hormones in PPI and PPF, 16 non-smoking regularly menstruating healthy women were tested during both the follicular and luteal phases on PPI and PPF and provided saliva samples for measurement of 17β-estradiol (estrogen), progesterone and testosterone. The results showed higher levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone during the luteal, relative to the follicular, phase; and more PPI during the follicular phase and more PPF during the luteal phase with comparable startle amplitude and habituation during the two phases. A larger increase in progesterone was associated with a smaller decrease in PPI from the follicular to the luteal phase. No significant associations were found between changes in PPI/PPF and estrogen levels. The findings confirm lower PPI during the luteal, compared with the follicular, phase and suggest a role for progesterone, more specifically an antipsychotic-like PPI-restoration action of progesterone, during the luteal phase in PPI of young women.
Opinions and Attitudes of Prospective Teachers for the Use of Mobile Phones in Foreign Language Learning.

The aim of this study is to explore the current use of mobile phones in a foreign language teaching context where Engish is used as the medium of instruction by prospective teachers. To this end, it presents the views of prospective English teachers on utilizing the mobile phone as an instructional tool for foreign language learning purposes in the educational and instructional setting of foreign language teaching classrooms. The study utilized a quantitative methodology. In this context, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 193 participants in an English Language Teaching (ELT) department. The data gathered through the questionnaire were processed and analyzed descriptively. Results indicate that most of the participants would prefer to use mobile phones as instructional tools in foreign language learning. The results also provided some insights as to how foreign language teachers could employ suitable approaches to make learning and teaching English meaningful and communicative. The results suggested that the participants would like to make use of mobile phones for educational purposes when they become teachers of English. It is recommended that some of technology-based language teaching activities can be implemented using mobile phones and they can be integrated into foreign language teaching curriculum.
Grounded theory , ethnography and phenomenology A comparative analysis of three qualitative strategies for marketing research

Purpose – The paper aims to look at some of the problems commonly associated with qualitative methodologies, suggesting that there is a need for a more rigorous application in order to develop theory and aid effective decision making. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines three qualitative methodologies: grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology. It compares and contrasts their approaches to data collection and interpretation and highlights some of the strengths and weaknesses associated with each one. Findings – The paper suggests that, while qualitative methodologies, as opposed to qualitative methods, are now an accepted feature of consumer research, their application in the truest sense is still in its infancy within the broader field of marketing. It proposes a number of possible contexts that may benefit from in-depth qualitative enquiry. Originality/value – The paper should be of interest to marketers considering adopting a qualitative perspective, possibly for the first time, as it offers a snap-shot of three widely-used methodologies, their associated procedures and potential pitfalls.
Exploring the structure of a real-time, arbitrary neural artistic stylization network

In this paper, we present a method which combines the flexibility of the neural algorithm of artistic style with the speed of fast style transfer networks to allow real-time stylization using any content/style image pair. We build upon recent work leveraging conditional instance normalization for multi-style transfer networks by learning to predict the conditional instance normalization parameters directly from a style image. The model is successfully trained on a corpus of roughly 80,000 paintings and is able to generalize to paintings previously unobserved. We demonstrate that the learned embedding space is smooth and contains a rich structure and organizes semantic information associated with paintings in an entirely unsupervised manner.
Query-Driven OnThe-Fly Knowledge Base Construction Dat

Today’s openly available knowledge bases, such as DBpedia, Yago, Wikidata or Freebase, capture billions of facts about the world’s entities. However, even the largest among these (i) are still limited in up-to-date coverage of what happens in the real world, and (ii) miss out on many relevant predicates that precisely capture the wide variety of relationships among entities. To overcome both of these limitations, we propose a novel approach to build on-the-fly knowledge bases in a query-driven manner. Our system, called QKBfly, supports analysts and journalists as well as question answering on emerging topics, by dynamically acquiring relevant facts as timely and comprehensively as possible. QKBfly is based on a semantic-graph representation of sentences, by which we perform three key IE tasks, namely named-entity disambiguation, co-reference resolution and relation extraction, in a light-weight and integrated manner. In contrast to Open IE, our output is canonicalized. In contrast to traditional IE, we capture more predicates, including ternary and higher-arity ones. Our experiments demonstrate that QKBfly can build high-quality, on-the-fly knowledge bases that can readily be deployed, e.g., for the task of ad-hoc question answering. PVLDB Reference Format: D. B. Nguyen, A. Abujabal, N. K. Tran, M. Theobald, and G. Weikum. Query-Driven On-The-Fly Knowledge Base Construction. PVLDB, 11 (1): 66-7 , 2017. DOI: 10.14778/3136610.3136616
Simultaneous Localization And Mapping with depth Prediction using Capsule Networks for UAVs

In this paper, we propose an novel implementation of a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system based on a monocular camera from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using Depth prediction performed with Capsule Networks (CapsNet), which possess improvements over the drawbacks of the more widely-used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). An Extended Kalman Filter will assist in estimating the position of the UAV so that we are able to update the belief for the environment. Results will be evaluated on a benchmark dataset to portray the accuracy of our intended approach.
Fast exact string matching algorithms

String matching is the problem of finding all the occurrences of a pattern in a text. We propose a very fast new family of string matching algorithms based on hashing q-grams. The new algorithms are the fastest on many cases, in particular, on small size alphabets. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Role of Aggregation in the Measurement of IT-Related Organizational Innovation

Engineering from the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in Information Technologies from the MIT Sloan School of Management. His current research interests include IT adoption and diffusion, management of technology and innovation, software development tools and methods, and real options. He has published in Abstract The extent of organizational innovation with IT, an important construct in the IT innovation literature, has been measured in many different ways. Some measures are more narrowly focused while others aggregate innovative behaviors across a set of innovations or across stages in the assimilation lifecycle within organizations. There appear to be some significant tradeoffs involving aggregation. More aggregated measures can be more robust and generalizable and can promote stronger predictive validity, while less aggregated measures allow more context-specific investigations and can preserve clearer theoretical interpretations. This article begins with a conceptual analysis that identifies the circumstances when these tradeoffs are most likely to favor aggregated measures. It is found that aggregation should be favorable when: (1) the researcher's interest is in general innovation or a model that generalizes to a class of innovations, (2) antecedents have effects in the same direction in all assimilation stages, (3) characteristics of organizations can be treated as constant across the innovations in the study, (4) characteristics of innovations can not be treated as constant across organizations in the study, (5) the set of innovations being aggregated includes substitutes or moderate complements, and (6) sources of noise in the measurement of innovation may be present. The article then presents an empirical study using data on the adoption of software process technologies by 608 US based corporations. This study—which had circumstances quite favorable to aggregation—found that aggregating across three innovations within a technology class more than doubled the variance explained compared to single innovation models. Aggregating across assimilation stages had a slight positive effect on predictive validity. Taken together, these results provide initial confirmation of the conclusions from the conceptual analysis regarding the circumstances favoring aggregation.