LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Changes in bone resorption across the menopause transition: effects of reproductive hormones, body size, and ethnicity.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to characterize changes in bone resorption in relation to the final menstrual period (FMP), reproductive hormones, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity.


METHODS
Urinary type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTX), estradiol, and FSH levels were measured annually for up to 8 years spanning the menopause transition in 918 African American, Chinese, Japanese, or Caucasian women.


RESULTS
Urinary NTX began to increase sharply about 2 years before the FMP, reaching its peak level about 1 to 1.5 years after the FMP. NTX levels declined modestly from 2 to 6 years after the FMP but remained about 20% higher than before the menopause transition. The sharp rise in FSH occurred in conjunction with a sharp decline in estradiol and shortly after FSH levels began increasing rapidly. The mean increase in urinary NTX across the menopause transition was greatest in women with BMI <25 kg/m² and smallest in women with BMI >30 kg/m². Increases in NTX were greatest in Japanese women and smallest in African Americans. These differences were attenuated, but not eliminated, when analyses were adjusted for covariates, particularly BMI.


SUMMARY
During the menopause transition, a decline in ovarian function beginning about 2 years before the FMP is followed by an increase in bone resorption and subsequently by bone loss. The magnitude of the increase in bone resorption is inversely associated with BMI. Ethnic differences in changes in bone resorption are attenuated, but not eliminated, by adjustment for BMI. Ethnic differences in BMI, and corresponding ethnic differences in bone resorption, appear to account for much of the ethnic variation in perimenopausal bone loss.
The Wide Margins of the Century@@@When Was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice in India

A commitment to modernity is the underlying theme of this volume. The essays range from interpretive prose pieces to theoretical expositions the authors seeks to situate the modern and contemporary cultural practice. The essays here formalize polemic options that emerge from concerns developed across the book.
Using Software Reliability Growth Models in Practice

The amount of software in consumer electronics has grown from thousands to millions of lines of source code over the past decade. Up to a million of these products are manufactured each month for a successful mobile phone or television. Development organizations must meet two challenging requirements at the same time: be predictable to meet market windows and provide nearly fault-free software. Software reliability is the probability of failure-free operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. The process of finding and removing faults to improve the software reliability can be described by a mathematical relationship called a software reliability growth model (SRGM). Our goal is to assess the practical application of SRGMs during integration and test and compare them with other estimation methods. We empirically validated SRGMs' usability in a software development environment. During final test phases for three embedded software projects, software reliability growth models predicted remaining faults in the software, supporting management's decisions.
Fructus phyllanthi tannin fraction induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and
invasion of human lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro via MAPK/MMP
pathways

Aim:Fructus phyllanthi tannin fraction (PTF) from the traditional Tibetan medicine Fructus phyllanthi has been found to inhibit lung and liver carcinoma in mice. In this study we investigated the anticancer mechanisms of PTF in human lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:Human lung squamous carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1703), human large-cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460), human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) were tested. Cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using a wound healing assay and a transwell chemotaxis chambers assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometric analysis. The levels of apoptosis-related and metastasis-related proteins were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results:PTF dose-dependently inhibited the viability of the 3 human lung cancer cells. The IC50 values of PTF in inhibition of NCI-H1703, NCI-H460, and A549 cells were 33, 203, and 94 mg/L, respectively. PTF (15, 30, and 60 mg/L) dose-dependently induced apoptosis of NCI-H1703 cells. Treatment of NCI-H1703 and HT1080 cells with PTF significantly inhibited cell migration, and reduced the number of invasive cells through Matrigel. Furthermore, PTF dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of phosphor-ERK1/2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, up-regulated the expression of phosphor-JNK, but had no significant effect on the expression of ERK1/2 or JNK.Conclusion:PTF induces cell apoptosis and inhibits the migration and invasion of NCI-H1703 cells by decreasing MPPs expression through regulation of the MAPK pathway.
What do software architects expect from requirements specifications? results of initial explorative studies

Software requirements specifications (SRS) serve as an important source of information for software architects with regard to deriving suitable architectural design decisions. However, from a software architect's viewpoint, using these documents efficiently and effectively is often difficult. One could attribute these observations to the fact that SRS also have to address and satisfy the information needs of other document consumers involved in downstream activities like interaction design, user interface design or testing - which is, indeed, very challenging for requirements engineers. In this position paper, we present goals and initial results of explorative studies aimed at investigating information needs that should be fulfilled in SRS from the viewpoint of software architects. In these studies, we gained first insights into the relevance of certain artifact types (like descriptions of interactions or system functionalities) and their suitable representation in terms of notations. Furthermore, the analysis of these initial results revealed variances within the group of software architects regarding information needs. This has motivated the planning and conduction of further studies in the near future that will investigate factors such as expertise or individual motivation, which might influence the information needs from software architects' viewpoints.
Phase 3 randomized controlled study of gastroretentive gabapentin for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hot flashes in menopause.

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gastroretentive gabapentin (G-GR) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flashes.


METHODS
The primary endpoints of this randomized, placebo-controlled study of G-GR (600 mg am/1,200 mg pm) were the mean daily frequency and severity of hot flashes at weeks 4 and 12. Secondary endpoints included Patients' Global Impression of Change, Clinicians' Global Impression of Change, and daily sleep interference at week 24.


RESULTS
Six hundred women with 7 or more moderate-to-severe hot flashes/day enrolled; 66.2% completed 24 weeks of treatment. At weeks 4 and 12, G-GR-treated women experienced significantly greater reductions in mean hot flash frequency and severity than placebo-treated women (frequency: week 4, -1.7, P < 0.0001; week 12, -1.14, P = 0.0007; severity: week 4, -0.21, P < 0.0001; week 12, -0.19, P = 0.012). Similar reductions were maintained up to week 24. On the Patient Global Impression of Change, more women receiving G-GR than placebo were "much" or "very much" improved (week 12: 58% vs 44%, P = 0.0008; week 24: 76% vs 55%, P < 0.0001). G-GR significantly reduced sleep interference compared with placebo at week 12 (P = 0.0056) and week 24 (P = 0.0084). Approximately 5% more women taking G-GR withdrew because of adverse events (G-GR/placebo, 16.7%/11.5%). The most common adverse events were dizziness (12.7%/3.4%), headache (9.3%/8.1%), and somnolence (6.0%/2.7%); incidences dropped to sustained low levels after a few weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
G-GR is a modestly effective nonhormone therapy option for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hot flashes due to menopause and is well tolerated with titration.
The effects of organizational climate and interorganizational coordination on the quality and outcomes of children's service systems.

OBJECTIVE
This study examines the effects of organizational characteristics, including organizational climate and interorganizational coordination, on the quality and outcomes of children's service systems.


METHOD
A quasi-experimental, longitudinal design was used to assess the effects of increasing interorganizational services coordination in public children's service agencies. The research team collected both qualitative and quantitative data over a 3-year period describing the services provided to 250 children by 32 public children's service offices in 24 counties in Tennessee.


RESULTS
Findings show that organizational climate (including low conflict, cooperation, role clarity, and personalization) is the primary predictor of positive service outcomes (the children's improved psychosocial functioning) and a significant predictor of service quality. In contrast, interorganizational coordination had a negative effect on service quality and no effect on outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Efforts to improve public children's service systems should focus on creating positive organizational climates rather than on increasing interorganizational services coordination. This is important because many large-scale efforts to improve children's service systems have focused on interorganizational coordination with little success and none to date have focused on organizational climate.
Visual Nonclassical Receptive Field Effects Emerge from Sparse Coding in a Dynamical System

Extensive electrophysiology studies have shown that many V1 simple cells have nonlinear response properties to stimuli within their classical receptive field (CRF) and receive contextual influence from stimuli outside the CRF modulating the cell's response. Models seeking to explain these non-classical receptive field (nCRF) effects in terms of circuit mechanisms, input-output descriptions, or individual visual tasks provide limited insight into the functional significance of these response properties, because they do not connect the full range of nCRF effects to optimal sensory coding strategies. The (population) sparse coding hypothesis conjectures an optimal sensory coding approach where a neural population uses as few active units as possible to represent a stimulus. We demonstrate that a wide variety of nCRF effects are emergent properties of a single sparse coding model implemented in a neurally plausible network structure (requiring no parameter tuning to produce different effects). Specifically, we replicate a wide variety of nCRF electrophysiology experiments (e.g., end-stopping, surround suppression, contrast invariance of orientation tuning, cross-orientation suppression, etc.) on a dynamical system implementing sparse coding, showing that this model produces individual units that reproduce the canonical nCRF effects. Furthermore, when the population diversity of an nCRF effect has also been reported in the literature, we show that this model produces many of the same population characteristics. These results show that the sparse coding hypothesis, when coupled with a biophysically plausible implementation, can provide a unified high-level functional interpretation to many response properties that have generally been viewed through distinct mechanistic or phenomenological models.
Respiratory volume monitoring in an obese surgical population and the prediction of postoperative respiratory depression by the STOP-bang OSA risk score.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
To evaluate use of a respiratory volume monitor (RVM; ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) that provides minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV) and respiratory rate (RR) measurements in obese surgical patients, hitherto undescribed.


DESIGN
Prospective, IRB-approved observational study of RVM parameter accuracy in obese surgical patients, designed to test the ability of the RVM to detect predefined postoperative respiratory depression (PORD) and apneic events (POA) and to correlate STOP-Bang scores with PORD and POA.


SETTING
Pre-, intra-, and post-op patient-care areas, including the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) in 2 academic centers with bariatric populations.


PATIENTS
80 patients (47±12 years), BMI of 43±7 kg/m(2) undergoing elective surgery were enrolled.


INTERVENTIONS
Data collected included patient characteristics, STOP-Bang scores and RVM data from immediately preoperatively through PACU completion without effecting standard clinical care.


MEASUREMENTS
Low minute ventilation (LMV) was defined as 40% of predicted MV, and PORD was defined as sustained LMV for 5 minutes. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed, P<.05 considered significant.


MAIN RESULTS
In 56 patients with complete intraoperative ventilator data, correlation between RVM and ventilator MV measurements was r=0.89 (measurement bias 1.5%, accuracy 11%). Measurement error was 0.13 L/min (95% confidence interval-0.93 L/min - 1.20 L/min). In PACU, 16.3% and 31% of patients had PORD and POA respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of PORD and POA in 3 STOP-Bang risk categories (P>.2).


CONCLUSIONS
There was excellent correlation and accuracy between the RVM and ventilator volumes in obese surgical patients. A considerable number of patients exhibited PORD and POA in the PACU. The STOP-Bang risk scores correlated poorly with PORD and POA which suggests that obese surgical patients remain at risk for early post-operative respiratory events irrespective of the STOP-Bang score.
A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the camptothecin glycoconjugate, BAY 38-3441, as a daily infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and pharmacokinetics of the camptothecin glycoconjugate BAY 38-3441, administered as an infusion for 30 min on two separate schedules every 3 weeks.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 81 patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with BAY 38-3441 either at doses of 20, 40, 67, 100, 140, 210, 315, 470 and 600 mg/m2/day for 1 day every 3 weeks (single-dose schedule), or at doses of 126, 189, 246, 320 and 416 mg/m2/day once daily for three consecutive days every 3 weeks (3-day schedule). Plasma sampling was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of BAY 38-3441 and camptothecin with these schedules.


RESULTS
DLTs included renal toxicity, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia on the single-day schedule at doses > or = 470 mg/m2/day, and diarrhea and thrombocytopenia on the 3-day schedule at doses > or = 320 mg/m2/day. Other non-DLTs were gastrointestinal, dermatological and hematological. Pharmacokinetics of BAY 38-3441 and camptothecin appear to be dose-dependent, but not linear.


CONCLUSIONS
Renal toxicity was dose-limiting for BAY 38-3441 using 30-min infusions on the single-dose schedule. Dose escalation to 470 mg/m2/day is feasible using a 2-h infusion. However, because of the superior safety profile, we recommend the 3-day schedule for BAY 38-3441 at a dose of 320 mg/m2/day as 30-min infusions for further phase II studies.
Representation, Vision and Visualization: Cognitive Functions in Mathematical Thinking. Basic Issues for Learning.

Mathematics education has been very sensitive to change needs over the last fifty years. Researches in developmental psychology, new technologies, new requirements in assessment have supported them. But their impact has been more effective on mathematics curriculum and on means of teaching than on the explanations of the deep processes of understanding and learning in mathematics. Difficulties of such research stem from the necessity to define a framework within the epistemological constraints specific to mathematical activity and the cognitive functions of thought which it involves are not separated. That requires going beyond local studies of concept acquiring at each level of the curriculum and beyond mere reference to very general theories of learning and even beyond global description of student's activity in classroom. Representation and visualization are at the core of understanding in mathematics. But in which framework can their role in mathematical thinking and in learning of mathematics be analyzed? Already in 1961, Piaget admitted the difficulty to understand what mathematicians call "intuition", a way of understanding which has close links with representation and visualization: " rien n'est plus difficile à comprendre pour un psychologue que ce que les mathematiciens entendent par intuition". He distinguished "many forms of mathematical intuition" (1961, pp.223-241) from the empirical ones to the symbolizing ones. From a cognitive viewpoint, the question is not easier. Representation refers to a large range of meaning activities: steady and holistic beliefs about something, various ways to evoke and to denote objects, how information is coded... On the contrary, visualization seems to emphasize images and empirical intuition of physical objects and actions. Which ones are relevant to analyze the understanding in mathematics in order to bring out conditions of learning? Our purpose in this panel is to focus on some main distinctions which are necessary to analyze the mathematical knowledge from a learning point of view and to explain how many students come up against difficulties at each level of curriculum and very often cannot go beyond. Studies about reasoning, proving, using geometrical figures in problem solving, reading of graphs... have made these distinctions necessary. They lead not only to emphasize semiotic representations as an intrinsic process of thinking but also to relativize some other ones as the distinction between internal and external representations. They lead also to point out the gap between vision and visualization. And from a learning point of view, visualization, the only relevant cognitive modality …
Opioid-Sparing Effect of Ketamine in Children: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Published Studies.

INTRODUCTION
Reducing postoperative opioid consumption is a priority given its impact upon recovery, and the efficacy of ketamine as an opioid-sparing agent in children is debated. The goal of this study was to update a previous meta-analysis on the postoperative opioid-sparing effect of ketamine, adding trial sequential analysis (TSA) and four new studies.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that examined ketamine as a perioperative opioid-sparing agent in children and infants. Outcomes measured were postoperative opioid consumption to 48 h (primary outcome: postoperative opioid consumption to 24 h), postoperative pain intensity, postoperative nausea and vomiting and psychotomimetic symptoms. The data were combined to calculate the pooled mean difference, odds ratios or standard mean differences. In addition to this classical meta-analysis approach, a TSA was performed.


RESULTS
Eleven articles were identified, with four added to seven from the previous meta-analysis. Ketamine did not exhibit a global postoperative opioid-sparing effect to 48 postoperative hours, nor did it decrease postoperative pain intensity. This result was confirmed using TSA, which found a lack of power to draw any conclusion regarding the primary outcome of this meta-analysis (postoperative opioid consumption to 24 h). Ketamine did not increase the prevalence of either postoperative nausea and vomiting or psychotomimetic complications.


CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis did not find a postoperative opioid-sparing effect of ketamine. According to the TSA, this negative result might involve a lack of power of this meta-analysis. Further studies are needed in order to assess the postoperative opioid-sparing effects of ketamine in children.
Small-Size LTE/WWAN Printed Loop Antenna With an Inductively Coupled Branch Strip for Bandwidth Enhancement in the Tablet Computer

The technique of using an inductively coupled branch strip for bandwidth enhancement of a simple printed loop antenna to achieve small size yet multiband operation to cover the LTE/WWAN bands (704-960 and 1710-2690 MHz) in the tablet computer is presented. The antenna's metal pattern occupies a small area of 10 × 34.5 mm 2 and is printed on a thin FR4 substrate. The branch strip is coupled to the loop antenna through a chip inductor. In the antenna's lower band, the branch strip can cause an additional resonance excited near a resonant mode contributed by the printed loop antenna and thereby greatly widens the antenna's low-band bandwidth to cover the 704-960 MHz band for the LTE700/GSM850/900 operations. While in the antenna's higher band, the chip inductor provides a high inductance and limits the excitation of the branch strip, thereby making the branch strip have negligible effects on the high-band operation. In this case, with the printed loop antenna excited in the higher band, the antenna can generate two higher order resonant modes to form a wide operating band for the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operations (1710-2690 MHz). Details of the proposed antenna are described, and the obtained results of the antenna are presented and discussed.
First Administration of the Fc-Attenuated Anti-β Amyloid Antibody GSK933776 to Patients with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the Fc-inactivated anti-β amyloid (Aβ) monoclonal antibody (mAb) GSK933776 in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).


METHODS
This was a two-part, single blind, placebo-controlled, first-time-in-human (FTIH) study of single (n = 18) and repeat dose (n = 32) intravenous GSK933776 0.001-6 mg/kg (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00459550). Additional safety data from an open-label, uncontrolled, single dose study of intravenous GSK933776 1-6 mg/kg (n = 18) are included (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01424436).


RESULTS
There were no cases of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) or -hemorrhage (ARIA-H) after GSK933776 administration in both studies. Three patients across the two studies developed anti-GSK933776 antibodies. Plasma GSK933776 half-life (t1/2) was 10-15 days after repeat dosing. After each of three administrations of GSK933776, plasma levels of total Aβ42 and Aβ increased whereas plasma levels of free Aβ decreased dose dependently; no changes were observed for placebo. For total Aβ42 the peak:trough ratio was ≤2 at doses ≥3 mg/kg; for total Aβ the ratio was ≤2 at 6 mg/kg. CSF concentrations of Aβ showed increases from baseline to week 12 for Aβ X-38 (week 12:baseline ratio: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.38, 1.93) and Aβ X-42 (week 12:baseline ratio: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.06, 1.30) for values pooled across doses.


CONCLUSION
In this FTIH study the Fc-inactivated anti-Aβ mAb GSK933776 engaged its target in plasma and CSF without causing brain ARIA-E/H in patients with mild AD or MCI.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00459550.