LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Guide to Vulnerability Analysis for Computer Networks and Systems

Vulnerability assessment is the essential and well-established process of probing security flaws, weaknesses and inadequacies in a computing infrastructure. The process helps organisations to eliminate security issues before attackers can exploit them formonetary gains or othermalicious purposes. The significant advancements in desktop, Web and mobile computing technologies have widened the range of security-related complications. It has become an increasingly crucial challenge for security analysts to devise comprehensive security evaluation and mitigation tools that can protect the business-critical operations. Researchers have proposed a variety of methods for vulnerability assessment, which can be broadly categorised into manual, assistive and fully automated.Manual vulnerability assessment is performed by a human expert, based on a specific set of instructions that are aimed at finding the security vulnerability. This method requires a large amount of time, effort and resources, and it is heavily reliant on expert knowledge, something that is widely attributed to being in short supply. The assistive vulnerability assessment is conducted with the help of scanning tools or frameworks that are usually up-to-date and look for the most relevant security weakness. However, the lack of flexibility, compatibility and regular maintenance of tools, as they contain static knowledge, renders them outdated and does not provide the beneficial information (in terms of depth and scope of tests) about the state of security. Fully automated vulnerability assessment leverages artificial intelligence techniques to produce expert-like decisionswithout human assistance and is by far considered as the most desirable (due to time and financial reduction for the end-user) method of evaluating a systems’ security. Although being highly desirable, such techniques require additional research in improving automated knowledge acquisition, representation and learning mechanisms. Further research is also needed to develop automated vulnerability mitigation techniques that are capable of actually securing the computing platform. The volume of research being S. Khan (B) · S. Parkinson Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK e-mail: saad.khan@hud.ac.uk S. Parkinson e-mail: simon.parkinson@hud.ac.uk © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 S. Parkinson et al. (eds.), Guide to Vulnerability Analysis for Computer Networks and Systems, Computer Communications and Networks, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92624-7_1 3 4 S. Khan and S. Parkinson performed into the use of artificial intelligence techniques in vulnerability assessment is increasing, and there is a need to provide a survey into the state of the art.
Gait improvement in patients with cerebral palsy by visual and auditory feedback

Visual and auditory feedback cues have been shown to improve gait and balance in patients with movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Subsequently, closed-loop virtual reality was used to enhance the gait improvement effect of such cues. Objectives: To study the effects of gait training with visual and auditory feedback cues on the walking abilities of patients with gait disorders due to cerebral palsy. Methods: Visual and auditory feedback cues were generated by a wearable accelerometry-driven device. Ten randomly selected patients with gait disorders due to cerebral palsy trained with visual feedback cues while ten such patients trained with auditory feedback cues. Baseline performance (walking speed and stride length along a 10m straight track) was measured before device use. Following 20min training with the device, performance without the device was measured again and compared to the baseline performance. Results: For patients training with visual feedback, the average improvement in walking speed was 21.70%+/−36.06% and in stride length 8.72%±9.47%. For patients training with auditory feedback, average improvement in walking speed was 25.43%±28.65% and in stride length 13.58%±13.10%. Conclusion: Visual and auditory feedback cues can improve gait parameters in patients with gait disorders due to cerebral palsy.
Development of a genotype 325-specific proCPU/TAFI ELISA.

OBJECTIVE
A Thr/Ile polymorphism at position 325 in the coding region of proCPU has been reported. Immunological assays, fully characterized (including genotype dependency), are required for the quantitation of proCPU levels.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against human, plasma-derived proCPU. Two combinations exhibiting distinct reactivities were selected for measurement of proCPU in plasma. T12D11/T28G6-HRP yielded values of 10.1+/-3.1 microg/mL (mean+/-SD, n=86; normal donors), and T32F6/T9G12-HRP yielded values of 5.4+/-3.0 microg/mL. Grouping according to the 325 genotype demonstrated that T12D11/T28G6-HRP was independent to this polymorphism whereas T32F6/T9G12-HRP revealed a complete lack of reactivity with the Ile/Ile genotype (ie, 0.0+/-0.0, 4.2+/-1.7, and 7.3+/-2.9 microg/mL for the Ile/Ile, Ile/Thr, and Thr/Thr isoforms, respectively). Commercially available antigen assays appeared to be partially dependent on the 325 genotype (eg, 44+/-8.9% and 100+/-30% for the Ile/Ile and Thr/Thr isoforms, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate that great care should be taken when evaluating proCPU antigen values as a putative causative agent or as a diagnostic risk marker for cardiovascular events.
Effect of an educational intervention in primary care physicians on the compliance of indicators of good clinical practice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus [OBTEDIGA project].

AIM
To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention among primary care physicians on several indicators of good clinical practice in diabetes care.


METHODS
Two groups of physicians were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group (IG and CG). Every physician randomly selected two samples of patients from all type 2 diabetic patients aged 40 years and above and diagnosed more than a year ago. Baseline and final information were collected cross-sectionally 12 months apart, in two independent samples of 30 patients per physician. The educational intervention comprised: distribution of educational materials and physicians' specific bench-marking information, an on-line course and three on-site educational workshops on diabetes. External observers collected information directly from the physicians and from the medical records of the patients on personal and family history of disease and on the evolution and treatment of their disease. Baseline information was collected retrospectively in the control group.


RESULTS
Intervention group comprised 53 physicians who included a total of 3018 patients in the baseline and final evaluations. CG comprised 50 physicians who included 2868 patients in the same evaluations. Measurement of micro-albuminuria in the last 12 months (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4) and foot examination in the last year (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) were the indicators for which greater improvement was found in the IG. No other indicator considered showed statistically significant improvement between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The identification of indicators with very low level of compliance and the implementation of a simple intervention in physicians to correct them is effective in improving the quality of care of diabetic patients.
Micelle-Associated Protein in Epoetin Formulations: A Risk Factor for Immunogenicity?

Purpose. An upsurge of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) cases associated with subcutaneous treatment with epoetin alpha has been reported. A formulation change introduced in 1998 is suspected to be the reason for the induction of antibodies that also neutralize the native protein. The aim of this study was to detect the mechanism by which the new formulation may induce these antibodies. Methods. Formulations of epoetin were subjected to gel permeation chromatography with UV detection, and the fractions were analyzed by an immunoassay for the presence of epoetin. Results. The chromatograms showed that Eprex®/Erypo® contained micelles of Tween 80. A minute amount of epoetin (0.008-0.033% of the total epoetin content) coeluted with the micelles, as evidenced by ELISA. When 0.03% (w/v) Tween 80, corresponding to the concentration in the formulation, was added to the elution medium, the percentage of epoetin eluting before the main peak was 0.68%. Conclusions. Eprex®/Erypo® contains micelle-associated epoetin, which may be a risk factor for the development of antibodies against epoetin.
Source code plagiarism detection: The Unix way

The paper describes similarity detection method for language independent source code similarity detection. It is based on idea of maximum reusability of standard Unix filters. This method was implemented and benchmarked with different datasets from real world (students' assignments) and also synthetic datasets (perfect plagiarism experiment). Our method achieved significantly better results than competitors, which are considered as gold standard in plagiarism detection.
Stomatitis Venenata- A Diagnostic Challenge

Abstract Background: Allergies manifest in various forms, which can be mild and unnoticeable to life threatening anaphylaxis. To pin point the exact agent causing the allergy is a challenge. Case Description: A 6 year old boy presented with pain and burning sensation in the right side of the mouth since 10 days. His mother gave a history of visiting a dentist 1 month back where he was prescribed fluoridated pediatric toothpaste. On using the toothpaste the patient noticed occurrence of small fluid filled boils in the right cheek region and the right side of the tongue which slowly increased in size and turned flat. Since 10 days the pain is severe and causing difficulty to open the mouth, talk and eat. Clinical implications: Dentists should exercise care when prescribing any new products to patients and be aware of their allergic potential. Also any allergic manifestations should be recognized early and managed appropriately.
A Robot Learns the Facial Expressions Recognition and Face/Non-face Discrimination Through an Imitation Game

In this paper, we show that a robotic system can learn online to recognize facial expressions without having a teaching signal associating a facial expression with a given abstract label (e.g., ‘sadness’, ‘happiness’). Moreover, we show that recognizing a face from a non-face can be accomplished autonomously if we imagine that learning to recognize a face occurs after learning to recognize a facial expression, and not the opposite, as it is classically considered. In these experiments, the robot is considered as a baby because we want to understand how the baby can develop some abilities autonomously. We model, test and analyze cognitive abilities through robotic experiments. Our starting point was a mathematical model showing that, if the baby uses a sensory motor architecture for the recognition of a facial expression, then the parents must imitate the baby’s facial expression to allow the online learning. Here, a first series of robotic experiments shows that a simple neural network model can control a robot head and can learn online to recognize the facial expressions of the human partner if he/she imitates the robot’s prototypical facial expressions (the system is not using a model of the face nor a framing system). A second architecture using the rhythm of the interaction first allows a robust learning of the facial expressions without face tracking and next performs the learning involved in face recognition. Our more striking conclusion is that, for infants, learning to recognize a face could be more complex than recognizing a facial expression. Consequently, we emphasize the importance of the emotional resonance as a mechanism to ensure the dynamical coupling between individuals, allowing the learning of increasingly complex tasks. S. Boucenna (B) · P. Gaussier · P. Andry · L. Hafemeister ETIS, CNRS UMR 8051, ENSEA, Cergy-Pontoise University, Cergy-Pontoise, France e-mail: sofiane.boucenna@gmail.com
TMVA , the Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT

Multivariate classification methods based on machine learning techniques have become a fundamental ingredient to most physics analyses. The classification techniques themselves have also significantly evolved in recent years. Statisticians have found new ways to tune and to combine classifiers to further gain in performance. Integrated into the analysis framework ROOT, TMVA is a toolkit offering a large variety of multivariate classification algorithms. TMVA manages the simultaneous training, testing and performance evaluation of all the classifiers with a user-friendly interface, and also steers the application of the trained classifiers to data.
Rural Electrification in India : Economic and Institutional aspects of Renewables

The paper assesses the demand for rural electricity services and contrasts it with the technology options available for rural electrification. Decentralised Distributed Generation can be economically viable as reflected by case studies reported in literature and analysed in our field study. Project success is driven by economically viable technology choice; however it is largely contingent on organisational leadership and appropriate institutional structures. While individual leadership can compensate for deployment barriers, we argue that a large scale roll out of rural electrification requires an alignment of economic incentives and institutional structures to implement, operate and maintain the scheme. This is demonstrated with the help of seven case studies of projects across north India. 1 Introduction We explore the contribution that decentralised and renewable energy technologies can make to rural electricity supply in India. We take a case study approach, looking at seven sites across northern India where renewable energy technologies have been established to provide electrification for rural communities. We supplement our case studies with stakeholder interviews and household surveys, estimating levels of demand for electricity services from willingness and ability to pay. We also assess the overall viability of Distributed Decentralised Generation (DDG) projects by investigating the costs of implementation as well as institutional and organisational barriers to their operation and replication. Renewable energy technologies represent some of the most promising options available for distributed and decentralised electrification. Demand for reliable electricity services is significant. It represents a key driver behind economic development and raising basic standards of living. This is especially applicable to rural India home to 70% of the nation's population and over 25% of the world's poor. Access to reliable and affordable electricity can help support income-generating activity and allow utilisation of modern appliances and agricultural equipment whilst replacing inefficient and polluting kerosene lighting. Presently only around 55% of households are electrified (MOSPI 2006) leaving over 20 million households without power. The supply of electricity across India currently lacks both quality and quantity with an extensive shortfall in supply, a poor record for outages, high levels of transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and an overall need for extended and improved infrastructure (GoI 2006). The Indian Government recently outlined an ambitious plan for 100% village level electrification by the end of 2007 and total household electrification by 2012. To achieve this, a major programme of grid extension and strengthening of the rural electricity infrastructure has been initiated under …
Degree of Trauma Differs for Major Osteoporotic Fracture Events in Older Men Versus Older Women.

To examine the degree of trauma in major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) in men versus women, we used data from 15,698 adults aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study (5994 men) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (9704 women). Participants were contacted tri-annually to ascertain incident fractures, which were confirmed by radiographic reports and coded according to degree of self-reported trauma. Trauma was classified as low (fall from ≤ standing height; fall on stairs, steps, or curb; minimal trauma other than fall [coughing, turning over]); moderate (collisions with objects during normal activity without associated fall); or high (fall from > standing height; severe trauma [motor vehicle accident, assault]). MOF included hip, clinical vertebral, wrist, and humerus fractures. Mean fracture follow-up was 9.1 years in SOF and 8.7 years in MrOS. A total of 14.6% of the MOF in men versus 6.3% of the MOF in women were classified as high trauma (p < 0.001); men versus women more often experienced fractures resulting from severe trauma as well as from fall > standing height. High-trauma fractures were more significantly common in men versus women at the hip (p = 0.002) and wrist (p < 0.001) but not at the spine or humerus. Among participants with MOF, the odds ratio of a fracture related to high-trauma fracture among men versus women was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-5.71) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Findings were similar in analyses limited to participants with hip fractures (odds ratio [OR] = 3.34, 95% CI 1.04-10.67) and those with wrist fracture (OR = 5.68, 95% CI 2.03-15.85). Among community-dwelling older adults, MOF are more likely to be related to high trauma in men than in women. These findings are not explained by sex differences in conventional risk factors and may reflect a greater propensity among men to engage in risky behavior. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
School-based randomized controlled trial of an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents.

OBJECTIVE
To test the efficacy of a school-based human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease (HIV/STD) risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents.


DESIGN
A cluster-randomized, controlled design with assessments of self-reported sexual behavior collected before intervention and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention.


SETTING
Primary schools in a large, black township and a neighboring rural settlement in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.


PARTICIPANTS
Nine of 17 matched pairs of schools were randomly selected. Sixth-grade students with parent or guardian consent were eligible.


INTERVENTIONS
Two 6-session interventions based on behavior-change theories and qualitative research. The HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention targeted sexual risk behaviors; the attention-matched health promotion control intervention targeted health issues unrelated to sexual behavior.


OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was self report of unprotected vaginal intercourse in the previous 3 months averaged over the 3 follow-ups. Secondary outcomes were other sexual behaviors.


RESULTS
A total of 1057 (94.5%) of 1118 eligible students (mean age, 12.4 years) participated, with 96.7% retained at the 12-month follow-up. Generalized estimating equation analyses adjusted for clustering from 18 schools revealed that, averaged over the 3 follow-ups, a significantly smaller percentage of HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention participants reported having unprotected vaginal intercourse (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.85), vaginal intercourse (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94), and multiple sexual partners (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.89), when adjusted for baseline prevalences, compared with health-promotion control participants.


CONCLUSION
This is the first large-scale, community-level, randomized intervention trial to show significant effects on the HIV/STD sexual risk behavior of South African adolescents in the earliest stages of entry into sexual activity.
Targeted Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones) in Telemedicine.

INTRODUCTION
Advances in technology have revolutionized the medical field and changed the way healthcare is delivered. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the next wave of technological advancements that have the potential to make a huge splash in clinical medicine. UAVs, originally developed for military use, are making their way into the public and private sector. Because they can be flown autonomously and can reach almost any geographical location, the significance of UAVs are becoming increasingly apparent in the medical field.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive review of the English language literature via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using search terms "unmanned aerial vehicles," "UAVs," and "drone." Preference was given to clinical trials and review articles that addressed the keywords and clinical medicine.


RESULTS
Potential applications of UAVs in medicine are broad. Based on articles identified, we grouped UAV application in medicine into three categories: (1) Prehospital Emergency Care; (2) Expediting Laboratory Diagnostic Testing; and (3) Surveillance. Currently, UAVs have been shown to deliver vaccines, automated external defibrillators, and hematological products. In addition, they are also being studied in the identification of mosquito habitats as well as drowning victims at beaches as a public health surveillance modality.


CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary studies shine light on the possibility that UAVs may help to increase access to healthcare for patients who may be otherwise restricted from proper care due to cost, distance, or infrastructure. As with any emerging technology and due to the highly regulated healthcare environment, the safety and effectiveness of this technology need to be thoroughly discussed. Despite the many questions that need to be answered, the application of drones in medicine appears to be promising and can both increase the quality and accessibility of healthcare.
Line managers and workplace learning: Learning from the voluntary sector

This paper explores the interface between the workplace as a site of learning and the behaviours of developmental managers, those who develop self, staff and peers. The paper provides a brief literature review, outlines the research methodology utilized, and presents and discusses findings from empirical research in the voluntary sector. It is hoped that the findings will enhance understanding of the role of voluntary sector managers in supporting workplace learning. The paper provides guidance to policy makers and voluntary organizations about how to support the development of people-development skills, which ultimately affect the effective performance of voluntary organizations. It is also intended that the lessons learned from this research will be of benefit beyond the voluntary sector.