LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phrase Localization and Visual Relationship Detection with Comprehensive Image-Language Cues

This paper presents a framework for localization or grounding of phrases in images using a large collection of linguistic and visual cues. We model the appearance, size, and position of entity bounding boxes, adjectives that contain attribute information, and spatial relationships between pairs of entities connected by verbs or prepositions. Special attention is given to relationships between people and clothing or body part mentions, as they are useful for distinguishing individuals. We automatically learn weights for combining these cues and at test time, perform joint inference over all phrases in a caption. The resulting system produces state of the art performance on phrase localization on the Flickr30k Entities dataset [33] and visual relationship detection on the Stanford VRD dataset [27].
Physical examination and self-reported pain outcomes from a randomized trial on chronic cervicogenic headache.

OBJECTIVE
Objective clinical measures for use as surrogate markers of cervicogenic headache (CGH) pain have not been established. In this analysis, we investigate relationships between objective physical examination (PE) measures with self-reported CGH outcomes.


METHODS
This is an exploratory analysis of data generated by attention control PE from an open-label randomized clinical trial. Of 80 subjects, 40 were randomized to 8 treatments (spinal manipulative therapy or light massage control) and 8 PE over 8 weeks. The remaining subjects received no PE. Physical examination included motion palpation of the cervical and upper thoracic regions, active cervical range of motion (ROM) and associated pain, and algometric pain threshold evaluated over articular pillars. Self-reported outcomes included CGH and neck pain and disability, number of CGH headaches, and related disability days. Associations between PE and self-reported outcomes were evaluated using generalized linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic differences and study group.


RESULTS
At baseline, number of CGH and disability days were strongly associated with cervical active ROM (P < .001 to .037). Neck pain and disability were strongly associated with ROM-elicited pain (P < .001 to .035) but not later in the study. After the final treatment, pain thresholds were strongly associated with week 12 neck pain and disability and CGH disability and disability days (P < or = .001 to .048).


CONCLUSIONS
Cervical ROM was most associated with the baseline headache experience. However, 4 weeks after treatment, algometric pain thresholds were most associated. No one PE measure remained associated with the self-reported headache outcomes over time.
Postasphyxial renal injury in newborns as a prognostic factor of neurological outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate if an acute postasphyxial renal injury in newborns could indicate a neurological outcome.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective clinical trial on 50 full-term newborns with 5-minute Apgar score <7 (asphyxiated group) and a control group of 50 full-term newborns with 5-min Apgar score ≥ 7 (non-asphyxiated group). Renal function was assessed on the third day of life by serum values of creatinine, cystatin C and β2-microglobulin (β2M) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). All newborns had brain and renal ultrasonography at early stages and were followed by Amiel-Tison Neurological Assassment (ATNA) throughout the first year of life.


RESULTS
Mean GFR was significantly lower in asphyxiated than in non-asphyxiated group (22.08 ± 6.66 ml/min/1, 73 m(2) versus 35.42 ± 2.26 ml/min/1, 73 m(2); p < 0.001) and serum values of creatinine, cystatin C and β2M were significantly higher (1.13 versus 0.66 mg/dl; 3.92 versus 1.52 mg/l; 1.53 versus 0.99 mg/l; p < 0.001). In asphyxiated group ATNA results throughout the first year of life significantly correlated with renal function (p < 0.01). A correlation of ATNA with Apgar score at 5 min, Sarnat and Sarnat staging of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and brain and renal ultrasonography has also been significant (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed a significant correlation between early impairment of renal function due to neonatal asphyxia with neurological outcome at the end of the first year of life.
Hour-Ahead Wind Speed and Power Forecasting Using Empirical Mode Decomposition

Operation of wind power generation in a large farm is quite challenging in a smart grid owing to uncertain weather conditions. Consequently, operators must accurately forecast wind speed/power in the dispatch center to carry out unit commitment, real power scheduling and economic dispatch. This work presents a novel method based on the integration of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the short-term (1 h ahead) wind speed/power. First, significant parameters for training the ANN are identified using the correlation coefficients. These significant parameters serve as inputs of the ANN. Owing to the volatile and intermittent wind speed/power, the historical time series of wind speed/power is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual function through EMD. Each IMF becomes less volatile and therefore increases the accuracy of the neural network. The final forecasting results are achieved by aggregating all individual forecasting results from all IMFs and their corresponding residual functions. Real data related to the wind speed and wind power measured at a wind-turbine generator in Taiwan are used for simulation. The wind speed forecasting and wind power forecasting for the four seasons are studied. Comparative studies between the proposed method and traditional methods (i.e., artificial neural network without EMD, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and persistence method) are also introduced.
Latent Topic Modeling for Audio Corpus Summarization

This work presents techniques for automatically summarizing the topical content of an audio corpus. Probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) is used to learn a set of latent topics in an unsupervised fashion. These latent topics are ranked by their relative importance in the corpus and a summary of each topic is generated from signature words that aptly describe the content of that topic. This paper presents techniques for producing a high quality summarization. An example summarization of conversational data from the Fisher corpus that demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach is presented and evaluated.
Achieving Performance Isolation with Lightweight Co-Kernels

Performance isolation is emerging as a requirement for High Performance Computing (HPC) applications, particularly as HPC architectures turn to in situ data processing and application composition techniques to increase system throughput. These approaches require the co-location of disparate workloads on the same compute node, each with different resource and runtime requirements. In this paper we claim that these workloads cannot be effectively managed by a single Operating System/Runtime (OS/R). Therefore, we present Pisces, a system software architecture that enables the co-existence of multiple independent and fully isolated OS/Rs, or enclaves, that can be customized to address the disparate requirements of next generation HPC workloads. Each enclave consists of a specialized lightweight OS co-kernel and runtime, which is capable of independently managing partitions of dynamically assigned hardware resources. Contrary to other co-kernel approaches, in this work we consider performance isolation to be a primary requirement and present a novel co-kernel architecture to achieve this goal. We further present a set of design requirements necessary to ensure performance isolation, including: (1) elimination of cross OS dependencies, (2) internalized management of I/O, (3) limiting cross enclave communication to explicit shared memory channels, and (4) using virtualization techniques to provide missing OS features. The implementation of the Pisces co-kernel architecture is based on the Kitten Lightweight Kernel and Palacios Virtual Machine Monitor, two system software architectures designed specifically for HPC systems. Finally we will show that lightweight isolated co-kernels can provide better performance for HPC applications, and that isolated virtual machines are even capable of outperforming native environments in the presence of competing workloads.
Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab when added to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (either capecitabine plus oxaliplatin [XELOX] or fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin [FOLFOX-4]) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with MCRC were randomly assigned, in a 2 x 2 factorial design, to XELOX versus FOLFOX-4, and then to bevacizumab versus placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).


RESULTS
A total of 1,401 patients were randomly assigned in this 2 x 2 analysis. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.4 months in the bevacizumab group and 8.0 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 97.5% CI, 0.72 to 0.95; P = .0023). Median overall survival was 21.3 months in the bevacizumab group and 19.9 months in the placebo group (HR, 0.89; 97.5% CI, 0.76 to 1.03; P = .077). Response rates were similar in both arms. Analysis of treatment withdrawals showed that, despite protocol allowance of treatment continuation until disease progression, only 29% and 47% of bevacizumab and placebo recipients, respectively, were treated until progression. The toxicity profile of bevacizumab was consistent with that documented in previous trials.


CONCLUSION
The addition of bevacizumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy significantly improved PFS in this first-line trial in patients with MCRC. Overall survival differences did not reach statistical significance, and response rate was not improved by the addition of bevacizumab. Treatment continuation until disease progression may be necessary in order to optimize the contribution of bevacizumab to therapy.
Micropower energy harvesting

More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC–DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power man-
A comparison of preemptive versus standard renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND
The optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether preemptive RRT or standard RRT was associated with hospital mortality in cardiac surgical patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).


METHODS
Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent cardiac surgery and experienced postoperative AKI requiring RRT at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from September 1, 2006 to December 31, 2013. The patients were divided into two groups according to the RRT strategy applied.


RESULTS
A total of 213 patients were enrolled in this study; 59 patients were categorized into the preemptive RRT group and 154 into the standard RRT group. The preemptive RRT group exhibited significantly lower mortality (33.90% versus 51.95%, P = 0.018) and time to recovery of renal function than the standard RRT group (15.34 ± 14.46 versus 22.88 ± 14.08 d, P = 0.022). Moreover, the preemptive RRT group showed significantly lower serum creatinine levels and higher proportions of recovery of renal function and weaning from RRT at death or discharge than the standard RRT group. There was no significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation, RRT, intensive care unit stay, or hospital stay between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients after cardiac surgery, preemptive RRT was associated with lower hospital mortality and faster and more frequent recovery of renal function than standard RRT. However, preemptive RRT did not affect other patient-centered outcomes including mechanical ventilation time, RRT time, or length of intensive care unit or hospital stay.
Sensory Subtraction in Robot-Assisted Surgery: Fingertip Skin Deformation Feedback to Ensure Safety and Improve Transparency in Bimanual Haptic Interaction

This study presents a novel approach to force feedback in robot-assisted surgery. It consists of substituting haptic stimuli, composed of a kinesthetic component and a skin deformation, with cutaneous stimuli only. The force generated can then be thought as a subtraction between the complete haptic interaction, cutaneous, and kinesthetic, and the kinesthetic part of it. For this reason, we refer to this approach as sensory subtraction. Sensory subtraction aims at outperforming other nonkinesthetic feedback techniques in teleoperation (e.g., sensory substitution) while guaranteeing the stability and safety of the system. We tested the proposed approach in a challenging 7-DoF bimanual teleoperation task, similar to the Pegboard experiment of the da Vinci Skills Simulator. Sensory subtraction showed improved performance in terms of completion time, force exerted, and total displacement of the rings with respect to two popular sensory substitution techniques. Moreover, it guaranteed a stable interaction in the presence of a communication delay in the haptic loop.
THE LAGRANGIAN OF A SELF-DUAL GRAVITATIONAL FIELD AS A LIMIT OF THE SDYM LAGRANGIAN

Abstract The action for the su( N ) SDYM equations is shown to give in the limit N → ∞ the action for the six-dimensional version of the second heavenly equation. The symmetry reductions of this latter equation to the well known equations of self-dual gravity are given. The Moyal deformation of the heavenly equations are also considered.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication System through Wi-Fi Network Using Android Smartphone

Although IEEE has already announced 802.11p standard for wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) to support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) communication, it requires additional 802.11p hardware equipment to allow vehicles communicating with others using 802.11p. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an inter-vehicle communication system, operating on android smart phone by using Wi-Fi. To substitute 802.11p onboard unit (OBU) before its widespread use on modern vehicles. Experiment results shows that our system can not only be easily installed in any android devices (android 2.3 and above) but is also more suitable for vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) scenario than other systems.
Natural Disasters and Sustainable Development: From Theory to Practice in Italy?

It is a well-known fact that the environment has become a fundamental aspect in land planning. Environmental issues influence decision-making and have brought about the creation of new regulatory and analytical instruments.
Dietary counselling and food fortification in stable COPD: a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a poor prognosis, yet evidence to support the role of dietary counselling and food fortification is lacking. A study was undertaken to assess the impact of dietary counselling and food fortification on outcome in outpatients with COPD who are at risk of malnutrition.


METHODS
A randomised controlled unblinded trial was performed in 59 outpatients with COPD (6 months intervention and 6 months follow-up). The intervention group received dietary counselling and advice on food fortification and the controls received a dietary advice leaflet. Outcome measures were nutritional status, respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, respiratory function, perceived dyspnoea, activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life.


RESULTS
The intervention group consumed more energy (difference 194 kcal/day; p = 0.02) and protein (difference 11.8 g/day; p<0.001) than controls. The intervention group gained weight during the intervention period and maintained weight during follow-up; the controls lost weight throughout the study. Significant differences were observed between the groups in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score (difference 10.1; p = 0.02), Short Form-36 health change score (difference 19.2; p = 0.029) and Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (difference 1.0; p = 0.03); the difference in ADL score approached statistical significance (difference 1.5; p = 0.06). No differences were observed between groups in respiratory function or skeletal and respiratory muscle strength. Improvements in some variables persisted for 6 months beyond the intervention period.


CONCLUSION
Dietary counselling and food fortification resulted in weight gain and improvements in outcome in nutritionally at-risk outpatients with COPD, both during and beyond the intervention period.
Ameliorative effects of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

OBJECTIVES
Glycyrrhizin is the main water-soluble constituent of the root of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The study investigates the effect of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic changes and associated oxidative stress, including haemoglobin-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions.


METHODS
Male Wistar rats were grouped as normal control, STZ-induced diabetic control, normal treated with glycyrrhizin, diabetic treated with glycyrrhizin and diabetic treated with a standard anti-hyperglycaemic drug, glibenclamide. Different parameters were studied in blood and tissue samples of the rats.


KEY FINDINGS
Glycyrrhizin treatment improved significantly the diabetogenic effects of STZ, namely enhanced blood glucose level, glucose intolerant behaviour, decreased serum insulin level including pancreatic islet cell numbers, increased glycohaemoglobin level and enhanced levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. The treatment significantly reduced diabetes-induced abnormalities of pancreas and kidney tissues. Oxidative stress parameters, namely, serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and fructosamine in diabetic rats were reverted to respective normal values after glycyrrhizin administration. Free iron in haemoglobin, iron-mediated free radical reactions and carbonyl formation in haemoglobin were pronounced in diabetes, and were counteracted by glycyrrhizin. Effects of glycyrrhizin and glibenclamide treatments appeared comparable.


CONCLUSION
Glycyrrhizin is quite effective against hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and associated oxidative stress, and may be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.
Reversibility of the anti-FXa activity of idrabiotaparinux (biotinylated idraparinux) by intravenous avidin infusion.

BACKGROUND
Idraparinux is an inhibitor of activated factor X (FXa) with a long half-life allowing once-weekly dosing. Idrabiotaparinux is a biotinylated version of idraparinux; its activity can be reversed with avidin.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the tolerability, safety and pharmacodynamics of avidin in healthy subjects and patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) receiving idrabiotaparinux.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind Phase I study, 41 healthy males received subcutaneous idrabiotaparinux before being randomized to a 30-min intravenous avidin infusion or placebo. Idrabiotaparinux plus avidin were re-administered 10-14 months later in eight subjects. In addition, in a prospective substudy of the Phase III EQUINOX trial, 55 patients who received weekly idrabiotaparinux for 6 months were randomized to receive either 100 mg avidin (n = 33) or placebo (n = 22). The primary activity outcome was anti-FXa activity calculated immediately before and after avidin infusion. Adverse events were recorded to assess safety and tolerability.


RESULTS
Avidin rapidly reversed the anti-FXa activity of idrabiotaparinux, ranging from 66.1 to 90.3% in healthy subjects and from 67 to 97% (mean 78%) in DVT patients. Avidin was well tolerated, with a similar nature and frequency of adverse events to placebo. No venous thromboembolism recurrence occurred in the 3-month post-avidin infusion.


CONCLUSION
A 30-min intravenous infusion of avidin 100 mg is well tolerated, safe, and offers immediate and specific reversibility both after single and repeated doses of idrabiotaparinux in healthy subjects, and in DVT patients following a 6-month treatment period.
Guidance from an Economics Classic: The Centennial of Henry George's ‘Protection or Free Trade’

. The ideas of Henry George on free trade and land taxation are still relevant. The standard of living has risen without the adoption of his ideas on the latter in contradiction of his predictions. But the decrease in protectionism is important in explaining the failure of the predictions and upholds his views on the benefits of free trade.
The intersection of cancer, cancer stem cells, and the immune system: therapeutic opportunities.

During brain neoplasia, malignant cells subjugate the immune system to provide an environment that favors tumor growth. These mechanisms capitalize on tumor-promoting functions of various immune cell types and typically result in suppression of tumor immune rejection. Immunotherapy efforts are underway to disrupt these mechanisms and turn the immune system against developing tumors. While many of these therapies are already in early-stage clinical trials, understanding how these therapies impact various tumor cell populations, including self-renewing cancer stem cells, may help to predict their efficacy and clarify their mechanisms of action. Moreover, interrogating the biology of glioma cell, cancer stem cell, and immune cell interactions may provide additional therapeutic targets to leverage against disease progression. In this review, we begin by highlighting a series of investigations into immune cell-mediated tumor promotion that do not parse the tumor into stem and non-stem components. We then take a closer look at the immune-suppressive mechanisms derived specifically from cancer stem cell interactions with the immune system and end with an update on immunotherapy and cancer stem cell-directed clinical trials in glioblastoma.