LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Commerce among Small Medium Enterprises in Kenya : Survey of Tour and Travel Firms in Nairobi

The advent of Internet based electronic commerce offers considerable opportunities for large and small firms across to expand their customer base enter new products and rationalize their businesses by competing in the global economies. SMEs have generally been slow to adopt and evaluate electronic commerce. The SMEs have failed to reach the levels of adoption required to realize the benefits associated with it during formative stages of the enterprises. Many SMEs are unaware of the potential of electronic commerce to enhance their business operations which they consider not applicable to the products and service. This paper is a report on the factors that affect adoption of electronic commerce among SMEs in Kenya with particular reference to Tours and Travel Firms. The specific objectives of the study included determining the effect of leadership styles, resources, infrastructure and competition on the adoption of electronic commerce among SMEs in Kenya. The study used survey research design in collecting the data from respondents and simple random sampling procedure to select a sample that represented the entire population. The study population was three hundred and fifty tours and travel firms. This study found out that the majority of Tour and Travel firms have adopted electronic commerce in their daily transaction. The findings also showed the significance influence of leadership style, resources, infrastructure, competition and positioning on the adoption of electronic commerce.
Engaging scientometrics in information systems

Although scientometrics is seeing increasing use in Information Systems (IS) research, in particular for evaluating research efforts and measuring scholarly influence; historically, scientometric IS studies are focused primarily on ranking authors, journals, or institutions. Notwithstanding the usefulness of ranking studies for evaluating the productivity of the IS field’s formal communication channels and its scholars, the IS field has yet to exploit the full potential that scientometrics offers, especially towards its progress as a discipline. This study makes a contribution by raising the discourse surrounding the value of scientometric research in IS, and proposes a framework that uncovers the multi-dimensional bases for citation behaviour and its epistemological implications on the creation, transfer, and growth of IS knowledge. Having identified 112 empirical research evaluation studies in IS, we select 44 substantive scientometric IS studies for in-depth content analysis. The findings from this review allow us to map an engaging future in scientometric research, especially towards enhancing the IS field’s conceptual and theoretical development. Journal of Information Technology advance online publication, 12 January 2016; doi:10.1057/jit.2015.29
Decreased platelet 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT) levels: a response to antidepressants.

BACKGROUND
Platelet 5-hydroxytryptamin (serotonin, 5-HT) has been examined for its use as a peripheral biomarker for depression or other mental disorders; however, it remains unclear whether blood 5-HT levels can reflect the brain's levels of serotonin.


METHODS
Platelet 5-HT levels in 45 drug-naïve, 32 citalopram-treated patients with major depression and 32 healthy control were assayed, Hamilton Depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were assessed. We then measured 5-HT in platelet, in platelet-poor plasma and in the nuclei of brain tissues obtained from chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats with or without citalopram treatment, and from the controls rats that were treated with vehicle. Toward this end, we analyzed whether correlations exist between platelet and brain.


RESULTS
No differences were observed among drug-naïve patients, citalopram-treated patients and health control according to gender and age (p>0.05). Drug-naïve depressed patients had highest scores in HAMD and HAMA among the three groups (F=223.3, p<0.01; F=70.7, p<0.01, respectively) Citalopram-treated patients had significantly lower platelet 5-HT levels,compared to control subjects (Mean 58.1±36.8ng/10(9) versus 558.0±199.4ng/10(9), p<0.01) and compared to drug-naïve patients (Mean 58.1 ±36.8ng/10(9) versus 646.4±259.0ng/10(9), p<0.01), while drug-naïve patients had similar 5-HT platelet concentrations as controls(p>0.05). Consistent with clinical results, in comparison with control (1473.4±391.0ng/10(9)) and drug-naive CUMS rats (1559.0±424.4ng/10(9)), the citalopram-treated CUMS rats (684.2±335.6ng/10(9)) demonstrated a significant reduction in platelet 5-HT levels (p<0.01), but there were no difference among the three groups in platelet-poor plasma 5-HT(F=0.11, p>0.05). Hippocampal 5-HT levels were higher among CUMS rats treated with saline (98.2±59.0ng/g) than vehicle animals (31.9±18.3ng/g, p<0.01) or citalopram-treated rats (42.1±33.9ng/g, p<0.05); however, 5-HT concentrations in prefrontal cortex and Raphe Nuclei were consistent among citalopram-treated or saline-treated CUMS rats(p>0.05). Furthermore, the levels of platelet 5-HT did not correlate with neuronal 5-HT levels (p>0.05).


LIMITATIONS
Dosages was fix for citalopram-treat rats, and the citalopram-treated vehicle arm did not set up.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that platelet 5-HT levels might respond to SSRI treatment, but this peripheral index is not a direct reflector of central 5-HT levels.
Accelerated partial-breast irradiation using high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy: 12-year update of a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To report the 12-year updated results of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) using multicatheter interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty-five prospectively selected patients with T1N0-N1mi, nonlobular breast cancer without the presence of an extensive intraductal component and with negative surgical margins were treated with APBI after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) using interstitial HDR BT. A total dose of 30.3 Gy (n=8) and 36.4 Gy (n=37) in seven fractions within 4 days was delivered to the tumour bed plus a 1-2 cm margin. The median follow-up time was 133 months for surviving patients. Local and regional control, disease-free (DFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS), as well as late side effects, and cosmetic results were assessed.


RESULTS
Four (8.9%) ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences were observed, for a 5-, 10-, and 12-year actuarial rate of 4.4%, 9.3%, and 9.3%, respectively. A total of two regional nodal failures were observed for a 12-year actuarial rate of 4.4%. The 12-year DFS, CSS, and OS was 75.3%, 91.1%, and 88.9%, respectively. Grade 3 fibrosis was observed in one patient (2.2%). No patient developed grade 3 teleangiectasia. Fat necrosis requiring surgical intervention occurred in one woman (2.2%). Cosmetic results were rated excellent or good in 35 patients (77.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
Twelve-year results with APBI using HDR multicatheter interstitial implants continue to demonstrate excellent long-term local tumour control, survival, and cosmetic results with a low-rate of late side effects.
StreamRec: a real-time recommender system

Research and development of recommender systems has been a vibrant field for over a decade, having produced proven metho ds for “preference-aware” computing. Recommenders use commu nity opinion histories to help users identify interesting i tems from a considerably large search space (e.g., inventory from Amaz on [7], movies from Netflix [9]). Personalization, recommendation , a d the “human side" of data-centric applications are even beco ming important topics in the data management community [3]. A popular recommendation method used heavily in practice is collaborative filtering, consisting of two phases: (1) An offline model-buildingphase that uses community opinions of items (e.g., movie ratings, “Diggs” [6]) to build a model storing meaning ful correlations between users and items. (2) An on-demandrecommendationphase that uses the model to produce a set of recommended items when requested from a user or application. To be effective, recommender systems must evolve with their content. In current update-intensive systems (e.g., socia l networks, online news sites), the restriction that a model be generate d offline is a significant drawback, as it hinders the system’s ability to evolve quickly. For instance, new users enter the system cha nging the collective opinions over items, or the system adds ne w items quickly (e.g., news posts, Facebook postings), which w dens the recommendation pool. These updates affect the recommen der model, that in turn affect the system’s recommendation qual ity in terms of providing accurate answers to recommender queries . In such systems, a completely real-time recommendation process is paramount. Unfortunately, most traditional state-of-the -art recommenders are “hand-built", implemented as custom software notbuilt for a real-time recommendation process [1]. Further, for so me
Time optimal path planning considering acceleration limits

A robot path planning technique is proposed in the paper. It was developed for robots with differential drive, but with minor modifications it could be used for all types of nonholonomic robots. The path was planned in the way to minimise the time of reaching the end point in desired direction and with desired velocity, starting from the initial state described by the start point, initial direction and initial velocity. The limitation was the grip of the tires that results in the acceleration limits. The path is presented as a spline curve and was optimised by placing the control points through which the curve should pass. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Diverse Sequential Subset Selection for Supervised Video Summarization

Introduction Video summarization: pressing need 100 hours of new Youtube video per min 422,000 CCTV cameras in London 24/7 Sequential DPP (seqDPP) 1. Partition video into T disjoint segments 2. Introduce subset selection (of frames) variable Yt for each segment 3. Condition Yt on Yt-1 = yt-1 by DPP User study on inter-annotator agreement Data: 100 videos from Open Video Project and Youtube Annotation: 5 user summaries per video Observation: high inter-annotator agreement Generate target summaries by greedy search
Promotion of handwashing as a measure of quality of care and prevention of hospital-acquired infections in Eritrea: the Keren study.

UNLABELLED
A complex interplay of cognitive, socio-economic and technical factors may determine hand-washing practice among hospital-based health workers, particularly doctors, regardless of the location of the country or hospital they work in.


OBJECTIVES
To assess quality of care with respect to handwashing practice as a routine measure of infection prevention in Keren hospital, a provincial referral hospital, second largest in Eritrea; with a view to putting in place quality standards and effective means of monitoring and evaluation.


DESIGN
Qualitative study with a participatory and iterative/dynamic design.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were held with 34 members of the hospital staff; and a total of 30 patients in the medical, surgical and obstetric wards were interviewed. Direct observation of handwashing practice and facilities were also employed.


RESULTS
Although only 30% of health workers routinely washed their hands between patient contact, the study revealed genuine interest in training and the need to reward good practice in order to motivate health workers. Educational intervention and technical training resulted in significant improvements in health workers' compliance with hospital infection prevention standards. Patient satisfaction with health workers' hygiene practices also improved significantly.


CONCLUSION
Hospital-based health workers' handwashing practice needs to improve globally. There is no room for complacency, however, in Eritrea (as indeed in other African countries) where public health services need to keep patients' welfare at heart; particularly with respect to women in childbirth, as mothers continue to bear the lion's share of post-war rebuilding of lives, livelihoods, and the country as a whole.
Cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy for survivors of myocardial infarction.


BACKGROUND
The recent randomized, controlled Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) trial showed that captopril therapy improves survival in survivors of myocardial infarction with an ejection fraction < or = 40%. The present ancillary study was designed to determine how the costs required to achieve this increase in survival compared with those of other medical interventions.


METHODS
We developed a decision-analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy in 50- to 80-year old survivors of myocardial infarction with an ejection fraction < or = 40%. Data on costs, utilities (health-related quality of life weights) and 4-year survival were obtained directly from the SAVE trial, and long-term survival was estimated using a Markov model. In one set of analyses, we assumed that the survival benefit associated with captopril therapy would persist beyond 4 years (persistent-benefit analyses), whereas in another set we assumed that captopril therapy incurred costs but no survival benefit beyond 4 years (limited-benefit analyses).


RESULTS
In the limited-benefit analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy ranged from $3,600/quality-adjusted life-year for 80-year old patients to $60,800/quality-adjusted life-year for 50-year old patients. In the persistent-benefit analyses, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $3,700 to $10,400/quality-adjusted life-year, depending on age. The outcome was generally not sensitive to changes in estimates of variables when they were varied individually over wide ranges. In a "worst-case" analysis, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for captopril therapy remained favorable ($8,700 to $29,200/quality-adjusted life-year) for 60- to 80-year old patients but were higher ($217,600/quality-adjusted life-year) for 50-year old patients.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy for 50- to 80-year old survivors of myocardial infarction with a low ejection fraction compares favorably with other interventions for survivors of myocardial infarction.
Wireless Sensor Network-based air quality monitoring system

This paper proposes a simple Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based air quality monitoring system (WSN-AQMS) for industrial and urban areas. The proposed framework comprises a set of gas sensors (ozone, CO, and NO2) that are deployed on stacks and infrastructure of a Zigbee WSN and a central server to support both short-term real-time incident management and a long-term strategic planning. This architecture would use open-hardware open-software gas sensing capable motes [6] made by Libelium. These motes use the ZigBee communication protocol and provide a real-time low cost monitoring system through the use of low cost, low data rate, and low power wireless communication technology. The proposed monitoring system can be transferred to or shared by other applications. We also introduce a simple but efficient clustering protocol dubbed hereafter “Clustering Protocol for Air Sensor network” (CPAS) for the proposed WSN-AQMS framework. CPAS proves to be efficient in terms of network energy consumption, network lifetime, and the rate at which data is communicated.
Vibration elicits involuntary, step-like behavior in individuals with spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND
Impaired walking is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). This impairment arises, to some degree, from disruption of supraspinal pathways that activate the spinal locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). Evidence in nondisabled (ND) individuals suggests that vibration activates locomotor CPGs, eliciting involuntary step-like behavior.


OBJECTIVE
To compare vibration-elicited step-like behavior in individuals with chronic SCIs with the responses of ND individuals and to assess the influence of locomotor training on these responses.


METHODS
Participants included 7 individuals with motor-incomplete SCIs (MISCIs) and 6 with motor-complete SCIs (MCSCIs) who were untrained, 6 individuals with MISCIs who underwent locomotor training, and 8 ND individuals. Kinematic and EMG data were collected while vibration was applied to the quadriceps, hamstrings, or tensor fascia latae (TFL) muscles. Consistency and robustness of vibration-elicited responses was determined from hip and knee angle data.


RESULTS
Consistent and reliable step-like behaviors were elicited in individuals with MISCIs and MCSCIs, although responses were not as robust as those in ND individuals. Vibration to the TFL elicited the most robust responses. Consistency and robustness were not influenced by SCI severity or locomotor training but appeared to increase with repeated testing.


CONCLUSION
These results confirm that vibration elicits step-like behaviors in individuals with SCIs, even those with no voluntary motor function in the legs. Further research is warranted to investigate the use of vibration as an approach to activating the spinal CPGs associated with stepping, perhaps as an adjunct to locomotor training for individuals with SCIs.
Being Time: Zen, Modernity, the Contemporary

This paper integrates concepts from philosophy and Zen Buddhism in order to define the implications of an American Zen Master
Insights Into the Mode of Action of the Anti-Candida Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline and its Metal Chelates

Metal complexes of malonie acid (metal = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ag(I)) were prepared and only the Ag(I) complex inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Malonate complexes incorporating the chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) ligand showed a range of activities: good (Mn(II), Cu(II), Ag(I)); moderate (Zn(II)); poor (Co(II), Ni(II)). Metal-free 1,10-phen and Ag(CH(3)CO(2)) were also highly active. The metal-free non-chelating ligands 1,7- phenanthroline and 4,7-phenanthroline were inactive and the Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexs of 1,7-phen displayed only marginal activity. Whereas the Cu(II) malonate/1,10-phen complex induces significant cellular oxidative stress the Zn(II) analogue does not.
Massive quark effects in two flavor color superconductors

Abstract The high density effective theory formalism (HDET) is employed to describe high density QCD with two massive flavors (2SC). The gap equation is derived and explicitly solved for the gap parameter. The parameters associated to the pseudo Nambu–Goldstone boson of U (1) A are evaluated in the limit μ →∞ and m / μ fixed. In particular, we find for the velocity of the NG boson the relation v 2 = μ 1 2 −m 1 2 μ 2 2 −m 2 2 /3μ 1 μ 2 .
Virological analysis of once-daily and twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir in the ODIN trial of treatment-experienced patients.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this analysis was to characterize viral resistance in the Phase III, randomized ODIN trial, which demonstrated non-inferiority of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100 mg to DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily, each combined with an optimized background regimen in treatment-experienced patients with no DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) at screening.


METHODS
Virological failure (VF) was defined as never achieving or losing confirmed virological suppression after week 12, with patients being classed as 'never suppressed' (never achieved HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) or 'rebounders' (achieved two consecutive HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml but then ≥ 50 copies/ml). Phenotypes and genotypes of plasma HIV-1 viruses, using population-based sequencing and Antivirogram(®), were determined at screening/baseline and on samples from VFs with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/ml.


RESULTS
Mean baseline HIV-1 RNA was 4.16 log10 copies/ml and 53.9% of patients were protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced at enrolment. VF rate was similar in both arms. A similar proportion of virologically failing patients in both arms developed PI RAMs (11.7% versus 9.5%, respectively) or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs (6.7% versus 7.1%). One patient with VF (once-daily arm) developed four primary PI mutations, three of which were also DRV RAMs. This patient was also the only VF to lose susceptibility to DRV. Loss of susceptibility to other PIs (once daily 3.4%; twice daily 0%) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (once daily 13.6%; twice daily 9.8%) in VF patients was infrequent and comparable between treatment arms.


CONCLUSIONS
These analyses showed once-daily DRV/r 800/100 mg was associated with similar rates of VF and emergence of resistance as DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily in treatment-experienced patients with no DRV RAMs.
A simple method for graphene production based on exfoliation of graphite in water using 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt

In this work we use a chemical approach based on supra-molecular and non-covalent interactions between graphene and 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (Py–1SO3) to obtain a stable dispersion of graphene by using only water as solvent. The material has been characterized by a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In particular, an extensive Raman analysis shows that we have 70% few-graphene layers (<7). We also show that the exfoliation efficiency strongly depends on the number of functional groups by comparing suspensions obtained by Py–1SO3 and 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid (Py– 4SO3). A strong decrease in the exfoliation yield has been observed by using pyrene with 4 sulphonic groups (Py–4SO3), as compared to one sulphonic group (Py–1SO3). Being completely water-based, these suspensions can be used as inks for printable tattoo-based electro-chemical sensors. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
It's Parties That Choose Electoral Systems (or, Duverger's Laws Upside Down)

This article presents, discusses and tests the hypothesis that it is the number of parties what can explain the choice of electoral systems, rather than the other way round. Already existing political parties tend to choose electoral systems that, rather than generate new party systems by themselves, will crystallize, consolidate or reinforce previously existing party configurations. A general model develops the argument and presents the concept of 'behavioral-institutional equilibrium' to account for the relation between electoral systems and party systems. The most comprehensive dataset and test of these notions to date, encompassing 219 elections in 87 countries since the 19th century, are presented. The analysis gives strong support to the hypotheses that political party configurations dominated by a few parties tend to establish majority rule electoral systems, while multiparty systems already existed before the introduction of proportional representation. It also offers the new theoretical proposition that strategic party choice of electoral systems leads to a general trend toward proportional representation over time.