LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Given the complexity of caring work, recent studies have focused on the professional quality of life of oncology nurses. China, the world's largest developing country, faces heavy burdens of care for cancer patients. Chinese oncology nurses may be encountering the negative side of their professional life. However, studies in this field are scarce, and little is known about the prevalence and predictors of oncology nurses' professional quality of life.


OBJECTIVES
To describe and explore the prevalence of predictors of professional quality of life (compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction) among Chinese oncology nurses under the guidance of two theoretical models.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional design with a survey.


SETTINGS
Ten tertiary hospitals and five secondary hospitals in Shanghai, China.


PARTICIPANTS
A convenience and cluster sample of 669 oncology nurses was used. All of the nurses worked in oncology departments and had over 1 year of oncology nursing experience. Of the selected nurses, 650 returned valid questionnaires that were used for statistical analyses.


METHODS
The participants completed the demographic and work-related questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses, the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scales of Empathy, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions were used to determine the predictors of the main research variables.


RESULTS
Higher compassion fatigue and burnout were found among oncology nurses who had more years of nursing experience, worked in secondary hospitals and adopted passive coping styles. Cognitive empathy, training and support from organizations were identified as significant protectors, and 'perspective taking' was the strongest predictor of compassion satisfaction, explaining 23.0% of the variance. Personality traits of openness and conscientiousness were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, while neuroticism was a negative predictor, accounting for 24.2% and 19.8% of the variance in compassion fatigue and burnout, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Oncology care has unique features, and oncology nurses may suffer from more work-related stressors compared with other types of nurses. Various predictors can influence the professional quality of life, and some of these should be considered in the Chinese nursing context. The results may provide clues to help nurse administrators identify oncology nurses' vulnerability to compassion fatigue and burnout and develop comprehensive strategies to improve their professional quality of life.
Functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes in Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasm - an association of GPX1 polymorphism and recurrent Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND
Hurthle cells of the thyroid gland are very rich in mitochondria and oxidative enzymes. As a high level oxidative metabolism may lead to higher level of oxidative stress and can be associated with an increased risk for cancer, we investigated whether common functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes (SOD2, CAT, GPX, GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1) are associated with the development or clinical course of Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC).


METHODS
A retrospective study was performed in 139 patients treated by thyroid surgery for a Hurthle cell neoplasm. HCTC, Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma (HCTA) or Hurthle cell thyroid nodule (HCTN) were diagnosed by pathomorphology. DNA was extracted from cores of histologically confirmed normal tissue obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and genotyped for investigated polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used to compare genotype distributions between patient groups.


RESULTS
HCTC, HCTA and HCTN were diagnosed in 53, 47 and 21 patients, respectively. Metastatic disease and recurrence of HCTC were diagnosed in 20 and 16 HCTC patients, respectively. Genotypes and allele frequencies of investigated polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients with HCTC, HCTA and HCTN. Under the dominant genetic model we observed no differences in the genotype frequency distribution of the investigated polymorphisms when the HCTA and HCTN group was compared to the HCTC group for diagnosis of HCTC or for the presence of metastatic disease. However, GPX1 polymorphism was associated with the occurrence of recurrent disease (p = 0.040).


CONCLUSIONS
GPX1 polymorphism may influence the risk for recurrent disease in HCTC.
The impact of hospital-based and community based models of cerebral palsy rehabilitation: a quasi-experimental study

BACKGROUND
Cerebral palsy requires appropriate on-going rehabilitation intervention which should effectively meet the needs of both children and parents/care-givers. The provision of effective support is a challenge, particularly in resource constrained settings. A quasi-experimental pragmatic research design was used to compare the impact of two models of rehabilitation service delivery currently offered in Harare, Zimbabwe, an outreach-based programme and the other institution-based.


METHOD
Questionnaires were distributed to 46 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy at baseline and after three months. Twenty children received rehabilitation services in a community setting and 26 received services as outpatients at a central hospital. The Gross Motor Function Measurement was used to assess functional change. The burden of care was measured using the Caregiver Strain Index, satisfaction with physiotherapy was assessed using the modified Medrisk satisfaction with physiotherapy services questionnaire and compliance was measured as the proportion met of the scheduled appointments.


RESULTS
Children receiving outreach-based treatment were significantly older than children in the institution-based group. Regression analysis revealed that, once age and level of severity were controlled for, children in the outreach-based treatment group improved their motor function 6% more than children receiving institution-based services. There were no differences detected between the groups with regard to caregiver well-being and 51% of the caregivers reported signs consistent with clinical distress/depression. Most caregivers (83%) expressed that they were overwhelmed by the caregiving role and this increased with the chronicity of care. The financial burden of caregiver was predictive of caregiver strain. Caregivers in the outreach-based group reported greater satisfaction with services and were more compliant (p < .001) as compared to recipients of institution-based services.


CONCLUSION
Long term caregiving leads to strain in caregivers and there is a need to design interventions to alleviate the burden. The study was a pragmatic, quasi-experimental study thus causality cannot be inferred. However findings from this study suggest that the provision of care within a community setting as part of a well-structured outreach programme may be preferable method of service delivery within a resource-constrained context. It was associated with a greater improvement in functioning, greater satisfaction with services and better compliance.
Sliver-free three dimensional delaunay mesh generation

A k ey step in the nite element method is to generate well-shaped meshes in 3D. A mesh is well-shaped if every tetrahedron element has a small aspect ratio. It is an old outstanding problem to generate well-shaped Delaunay meshes in three or more dimensions. Existing algorithms do not completely solve this problem, primarily because they can not eliminate all slivers. A sliver is a tetrahedron whose vertices are almost coplanar and whose circumradius is not much larger than its shortest edge length. We present t wo new algorithms to generate sliver-free Delaunay meshes. The rst algorithm locally moves the vertices of an almost-good mesh, whose tetrahedra have small circumradius to shortest edge length ratio. We show that the Delaunay triangulation of the perturbed mesh vertices is still almost good. Furthermore, most slivers disappear after a mild perturbation of the mesh vertices. The remaining slivers migrate to the boundary where they can be peeled oo or can be treated with boundary enforcement heuristics. The second algorithm adds points to generate well-shaped meshes. It is based on the following observations. Any tetrahedron will disappear from the Delaunay triangulation if a point is added inside the circumsphere of the tetrahedron. Among the tetrahedra created by inserting this new point there could be tetrahedra with large radius-edge ratios, or slivers, or both. However, the new point is incident to every new tetrahedron. We rst eliminate tetrahedra with large radius-edge ratios. We then select the point t h a t a voids creating any small slivers when inserting point inside the circumsphere of slivers. We show that the algorithm will not introduce short edges to the Delaunay triangulation. A simple volume argument implies that the algorithm terminates and generates a well-shaped Delaunay mesh. The generated mesh has a good grading. The number of mesh elements is within a small constant factor of any almost-good mesh for that given domain. We also describe some variations of this reenement-based algorithm. In particular, we show that inserting points near sinks instead of circumcenters of bad tetrahedra also generates sliver-free Delaunay meshes. iii TO MY FAMILY iv Acknowledgements In the preparation of this thesis, I had received a lot of help from many people. First and foremost, I would like t o thank Professor Shang-Hua Teng for being a wonderful advisor. His insights and invaluable help and guidance presented in and out of this thesis enlightened me in …
The Business Case for Corporate Sustainability : Literature Review and Research Options

In the last ten years, the notion of a ‘business case’ for corporate sustainability has increasingly been used by the corporate sector, environmental organizations, consultancies and so on, to seek justification for sustainability strategies within organizations. In this paper, we aim to systemize and assess existing research and tools related to this increasingly popular concept. We present a review of (1) theoretical frameworks, (2) instrumental studies aiming to either prove or disprove a hypothesized causal sequence between corporate social or environmental performance and financial performance, (3) descriptive studies examining manager’s actual perceptions and practices, and finally (4) tools. We identify a clearly insufficient understanding of manager’s key arguments or business logic for adopting corporate sustainability strategies (how ‘business cases’ are built, how effective they are and what barriers they face). We attribute this primarily to lack of descriptive research in these areas. 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Dual-polarized Vivaldi array for X- and Ku-Band

A very lightweight, broad-band, dual polarized antenna array with 128 elements for the frequency range from 7 GHz to 18 GHz has been designed, manufactured and measured. The total gain at the center frequency was measured to be 20 dBi excluding feeding network losses.
Apartment Building Electricity System Impact of Operational Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies

This paper discusses the charging of multiple plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in an apartment building, equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) system. Different charging strategies and charging power ratings are examined, which are assessed in terms of their grid impact, the self-consumption of local electricity generation, and the electric driving range. The impact of a residential building, which incorporates electric vehicle (EV) charging, on the distribution grid can be significantly reduced by using simple EV charging strategies. These strategies include complementing night-time with day-time charging, peak shaving at vehicle level, and charging the surplus of local generation. Effective results are obtained using only the knowledge of the present battery state of charge, next departure time, and the instantaneous local generation surplus. The simultaneity of the EV charging and the PV production increases. The increase in electric driving range is negligible for three-phase charging.
Group Invariant Scattering

This paper constructs translation-invariant operators on L2.Rd /, which are Lipschitz-continuous to the action of diffeomorphisms. A scattering propagator is a path-ordered product of nonlinear and noncommuting operators, each of which computes the modulus of a wavelet transform. A local integration defines a windowed scattering transform, which is proved to be Lipschitz-continuous to the action of C2 diffeomorphisms. As the window size increases, it converges to a wavelet scattering transform that is translation invariant. Scattering coefficients also provide representations of stationary processes. Expected values depend upon high-order moments and can discriminate processes having the same power spectrum. Scattering operators are extended on L2.G/, where G is a compact Lie group, and are invariant under the action of G. Combining a scattering on L2.Rd / and on L2.SO.d// defines a translationand rotation-invariant scattering on L2.Rd /. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No door to lock: victimization among homeless and marginally housed persons.

BACKGROUND
Homeless persons experience high rates of sexual and physical assault; homeless women are thought to be at highest risk. To determine the prevalence, distribution, and factors associated with sexual and physical assault, we surveyed homeless and marginally housed adults in San Francisco, Calif.


METHODS
We interviewed 2577 respondents about their history of recent sexual and physical assault, housing history, sexual practices, substance use, health status, and criminal justice history. The main outcome measures were self-reported sexual and physical assault in the previous 12 months.


RESULTS
Overall, 32.3% of women, 27.1% of men, and 38.1% of transgendered persons reported a history of either sexual or physical assault in the previous year; 9.4% of women, 1.4% of men, and 11.9% of transgendered persons reported sexual assault, and 30.6% of women, 26.6% of men, and 33.3% of transgendered persons reported physical assault. In multivariate models, being homeless (as opposed to marginally housed) was associated with sexual assault for women, but not for men (adjusted odds ratio for homeless women, 3.4 [1.2-9.7]). Housing status was not associated with physical assault for women or men. Mental illness and sex work were both common and associated with high rates of assault in multivariate analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
Sexual and physical assault are common experiences for homeless and marginally housed persons. Housing is associated with lower rates of sexual assault among women. Strategies to decrease sexual and physical assault and its consequences are needed in this population.
In obese individuals dexfenfluramine corrects molecular derangements reflecting insulin resistance

BACKGROUND: Circulating lymphocytes of obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes have derangements of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that are described as reflecting a disorder underlying systemic insulin resistance, namely basal activity below normal and, in vitro, unresponsiveness to insulin at 33 pmol/l and activation at 330 pmol/l instead of activation and inhibition as in controls.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the above enzyme derangements are overcome in obese individuals on dexfenfluramine treatment, known to improve poor peripheral insulin sensitivity.METHODS: Fifteen obese diabetic patients and 15 age-matched euglycaemic obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled for a trial composed of two 21-day periods; in the first (D-21–D0), participants received a placebo, and in the second (D0–D21), dexfenfluramine (30 mg/day). At D-21, D0 and D21 participants were evaluated for weight, BMI, fasting glycaemia (FG), fasting insulinaemia (FI), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), area under the glycaemic (G-AUC) and insulinaemic (I-AUC) curves from an OGT test, and for PDH activity assayed in their circulating lymphocytes before (basal activity) and after incubation with 33 or 330 pmol/l insulin. At D2, basal PDH activity and clinical parameters were assayed.RESULTS: In both groups of participants at D0 all parameters tested were constant with respect to D-21; at D2, only basal PDH activity rose significantly; at D21, basal and insulin stimulated PDH activities were normalized and weight decreased significantly, as did FG, FI, FIRI and G-AUC in the diabetic, and FI, FIRI, G-AUC and I-AUC in the non-diabetic participants.CONCLUSION: In obese, non-diabetic and diabetic individuals on dexfenfluramine treatment, amelioration of clinical parameters and indexes of poor insulin sensitivity of blood glucose homeostasis are preceded by correction, in their circulating lymphocytes, of PDH derangements described as reflecting a disorder underlying insulin resistance.
Study of copper free air ball in thermosonic copper ball bonding

In order to meet the new requirements of higher performance and reliabilities for electronic devices, the copper wire ball bonding technology was developed to be an alternative method for the gold wire ball bonding technology because of its economic advantages, strong resistance to sweeping, superior electrical and mechanical performance. But copper wire ball bonding has not been widely implemented in mass production because of some difficulties. The major reason is that the copper is readily to be oxidized during FAB formation process. And the copper oxide would cause non-stick, crater and other reliability problems. Hence, to get standard FAB balls with consistent dimensions and unoxidized ball surfaces was crucial in copper wire ball bonding. In this paper, the impacts of different electronic flame off (EFO) parameters, such as EFO current, preset value of FAB size, gap length and forming gas flow rate and so on, on copper FAB sizes and surface appearance were investigated. It was found that the higher EFO current and preset value of FAB size was needed to form copper FAB balls comparing with gold FAB ball formation. Excessive gap length would cause more heat dissipation during EFO process and had an adverse effect on the copper FAB ball formation for 2 mil copper wire. Low flow rate forming gas would lead to FAB balls with top-ends and high flow rate would cause the tilted FAB ball. Excessive high flow rate would disturb the FAB formation environment. A medium flow rate was suitable for copper FAB ball formation; such as 0.8 l/min was preferred in this study.
JOB SATISFACTION OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AT HEALTH CENTERS IN VIENTIANE CAPITAL AND BOLIKHAMSAI PROVINCE, LAO PDR

The aim of this study was to assess job satisfaction levels among health-care workers and factors correlated with their overall job satisfaction. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2011 with 164 health-care workers using self-administered questionnaires on a six-point Likert scale. Categorical variables were reported using frequencies and median (interquartile range), while continuous data were using means and standard deviations. Spearman rho coefficients were computed to correlate the overall job satisfaction for each factor, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the differences between demographic characteristics on overall job satisfaction. Of the 164 respondents, the majority were females (65.85%). Other dominant variables were married (76.83%), age > or =41 years old (44.51%), certified heath professional level (96.30%), nurse profession (59.10%), and working experience < or =5 years (55.49%). Participants were satisfied with 17 factors, but dissatisfied with salary levels at a mean score of (3.25). The highest satisfaction reported was for the freedom to choose the method of working with a mean score of 4.99, followed by the amount of variety on the job (4.96), amount of responsibility (4.90), and relationships with co-workers (4.90). The correlation coefficient between overall job satisfaction and main factors for job satisfaction-conflict resolution at work, relationships with co-workers, and organizational structure were (0.79), (0.76), and (0.71), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in age group, working experience and position (P<0.05). In conclusion, health-care workers at health centers in Lao PDR were generally satisfied with their job except for their salary. The main factors that correlate with their overall job satisfaction were conflict resolutions at work, relationships with other co-workers, and organizational structure.
Characterization of limestone reacted with acid-mine drainage in a pulsed limestone bed treatment system at the Friendship Hill National Historical Site, Pennsylvania, USA

Armoring of limestone is a common cause of failure in limestone-based acid-mine drainage (AMD) treatment systems. Limestone is the least expensive material available for acid neutralization, but is not typically recommended for highly acidic, Fe-rich waters due to armoring with Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings. A new AMD treatment technology that uses CO2 in a pulsed limestone bed reactor minimizes armor formation and enhances limestone reaction with AMD. Limestone was characterized before and after treatment with constant flow and with the new pulsed limestone bed process using AMD from an inactive coal mine in Pennsylvania (pH=2.9, Fe =150 mg/l, acidity =1000 mg/l CaCO3). In constant flow experiments, limestone is completely armored with reddish-colored ochre within 48 h of contact in a fluidized bed reactor. Effluent pH initially increased from the inflow pH of 2.9 to over 7, but then decreased to <4 during the 48 h of contact. Limestone grains developed a rind of gypsum encapsulated by a 10to 30-mm thick, Fe-Al hydroxysulfate coating. Armoring slowed the reaction and prevented the limestone from generating any additional alkalinity in the system. With the pulsed flow limestone bed process, armor formation is largely suppressed and most limestone grains completely dissolve resulting in an effluent pH of >6 during operation. Limestone removed from a pulsed bed pilot plant is a mixture of unarmored, rounded and etched limestone grains and partially armored limestone and refractory mineral grains (dolomite, pyrite). The 30% of the residual grains in the pulsed flow reactor that are armored have thicker (50to 100-mm), more aluminous coatings and lack the gypsum rind that develops in the constant flow experiment. Aluminium-rich zones developed in the interior parts of armor rims in both the constant flow and pulsed limestone bed experiments in response to pH changes at the solid/solution interface. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Utilization of Local Material for Lessons on the History of the USSR and Political Economy

The utilization of regional material during history and political economy lessons is most important for educating our youth in the spirit of Soviet patriotism. It lends added interest to the lesson, makes it more concrete and easier to understand.
A fixed point theorem for discontinuous functions

Any function from a non-empty polytope into itself that is locally gross direction preserving is shown to have the fixed point property. Brouwer's fixed point theorem for continuous functions is a special case. We discuss the application of the result in the area of non-cooperative game theory.