LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of the family bereavement program on multiple indicators of grief in parentally bereaved children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES
This article reports on results from a randomized experimental trial of the effects of the Family Bereavement Program (FBP) on multiple measures of grief experienced by parentally bereaved children and adolescents over a 6-year period.


METHOD
Participants were 244 youths (ages 8-16, mean age = 11.4 years) from 156 families that had experienced the death of a parent. The sample consisted of 53% boys and 47% girls; ethnicity was 67% non-Hispanic White and 33% ethnic minority. Families were randomly assigned to the FBP (N = 135) or a literature control condition (N = 109). Two grief measures, the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief and the Intrusive Grief Thoughts Scale (IGTS) were administered at 4 times over 6 years: pretest, posttest, and 11-month and 6-year follow-ups. A 3rd measure, an adaptation of the Inventory of Traumatic Grief (ITG) was administered only at the 6-year follow-up.


RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the FBP group showed a greater reduction in their level of problematic grief (IGTS) at posttest and 6-year follow-up and in the percentage at clinical levels of problematic grief at the posttest. The FBP also reduced scores on a dimension of the ITG, Social Detachment/Insecurity, at 6-year follow-up for 3 subgroups: those who experienced lower levels of grief at program entry, older youths, and boys.


CONCLUSION
These are the first findings from a randomized trial with long-term follow-up of the effects of a program to reduce problematic levels of grief of parentally bereaved youths.
Both Full Glasgow-Blatchford Score and Modified Glasgow-Blatchford Score Predict the Need for Intervention and Mortality in Patients with Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) has been developed for risk stratification in management of acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, the performance of GBS in patients with lower GI bleeding is unknown. To evaluate the performance of full or modified GBS and modified GBS in prediction of major clinical outcomes in patients with lower GI bleeding. A retrospective study of patients admitted to a tertiary care center with either non-variceal upper GI bleeding or lower GI bleeding was conducted. The full and modified GBS were calculated for all patients. The primary outcome was a combined outcome of inpatient mortality, need for endoscopic, surgical, or radiologic procedure to control the bleed or treat the underlying source, and need for blood transfusion. A total of 1026 patients (562 cases for upper GI and 464 cases for lower GI) were included in the study. Hospital-based interventions and mortality were significantly higher in upper GI bleeding group. The performance of the full GBS in lower GI bleeding (area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.82) was comparable to full GBS in upper GI bleeding (AUROC 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.81) in predicting the primary outcome. Similarly, the performance of modified GBS in lower GI bleeding was shown to be comparable to modified GBS in upper GI bleeding (AUROC 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.83 vs. AUROC 0.76 95% CI 0.72–0.80). In patients with lower GI bleeding, both full GBS and modified GBS can predict the need for hospital-based interventions and mortality.
Statistical learning and language acquisition.

Human learners, including infants, are highly sensitive to structure in their environment. Statistical learning refers to the process of extracting this structure. A major question in language acquisition in the past few decades has been the extent to which infants use statistical learning mechanisms to acquire their native language. There have been many demonstrations showing infants' ability to extract structures in linguistic input, such as the transitional probability between adjacent elements. This paper reviews current research on how statistical learning contributes to language acquisition. Current research is extending the initial findings of infants' sensitivity to basic statistical information in many different directions, including investigating how infants represent regularities, learn about different levels of language, and integrate information across situations. These current directions emphasize studying statistical language learning in context: within language, within the infant learner, and within the environment as a whole. WIREs Cogn Sci 2010 1 906-914 This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language Acquisition Psychology > Language.
Student engagement at school : a sense of belonging and participation : results from PISA 2000

FOREWORD Most students participate in academic and non-academic activities at school, and develop a sense of belonging – their friends are there, they have good relations with teachers and other students, and they identify with and value schooling outcomes. But many students are not engaged. They do not believe their school experience has much bearing on their future, and they do not feel accepted by their classmates or teachers. Gradually these students withdraw from school life, and become disaffected from school. Some disaffected students are disruptive in class, and exert a negative influence on other students. Can we meet the needs of students who have become disaffected from school? Can we identify schools that have high levels of student engagement, and if so, what factors contribute to their success? What is the relationship between student engagement and academic performance? These questions are of great concern to educators around the world. The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) offers a unique opportunity to study student engagement across several countries as students approach the end of compulsory schooling. The data collected in PISA include information on students' attitudes and values, as well as reliable and valid data on students' literacy skills. The data also include information on students' family backgrounds and on several features of the schools they were attending. This report examines several questions concerning students' participation and sense of belonging. These two aspects of student engagement are considered important, not only because of their relationship with student learning, but also because they represent a disposition towards schooling and lifelong learning. The results indicate that there is considerable variation among countries in their levels of student engagement and in the prevalence of disaffected students. Moreover, the prevalence of disaffected students varies considerably within and among schools within most countries, and this variation is not attributable solely to students' family background. The results also provide evidence that literacy performance and student engagement do not necessarily go hand-in-hand; in most countries there is a significant number of students with a strong literacy performance who are nevertheless disaffected from school. The analyses also identify some of the school factors related to engagement, and provide evidence that achieving strong student engagement at school does not have to be at the expense of their reading performance. PISA is a collaborative effort, bringing together scientific expertise from the participating countries, steered jointly by their governments on …
Validation of a Malay Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale among Medical Students in Malaysia

INTRODUCTION
This study was initiated to determine the psychometric properties of the Smart Phone Addiction Scale (SAS) by translating and validating this scale into the Malay language (SAS-M), which is the main language spoken in Malaysia. This study can distinguish smart phone and internet addiction among multi-ethnic Malaysian medical students. In addition, the reliability and validity of the SAS was also demonstrated.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 228 participants were selected between August 2014 and September 2014 to complete a set of questionnaires, including the SAS and the modified Kimberly Young Internet addiction test (IAT) in the Malay language.


RESULTS
There were 99 males and 129 females with ages ranging from 19 to 22 years old (21.7±1.1) included in this study. Descriptive and factor analyses, intra-class coefficients, t-tests and correlation analyses were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the SAS. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p <0.01), and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the SAS-M was 0.92, indicating meritoriously that the factor analysis was appropriate. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of the SAS-M were verified (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). All of the subscales of the SAS-M, except for positive anticipation, were significantly related to the Malay version of the IAT.


CONCLUSIONS
This study developed the first smart phone addiction scale among medical students. This scale was shown to be reliable and valid in the Malay language.
Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Mechanical Properties (Postprint)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and directed energy deposition (e.g., LENS, EBF3). Although only a limited number of metallic alloy systems are currently available for additive manufacturing (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V, TiAl, stainless steel, Inconel 625/718, and Al-Si-10Mg), the bulk of the published mechanical properties information has been generated on Ti-6Al-4V. However, summary tables for published mechanical properties and/or key figures are included for each of the alloys listed above, grouped by the additive technique used to generate the data. Published values for mechanical properties obtained from hardness, tension/compression, fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and high cycle fatigue are included for as-built, heat-treated, and/or HIP conditions, when available. The effects of test orientation/build direction on properties, when available, are also provided, along with discussion of the potential source(s) (e.g., texture, microstructure changes, defects) of anisotropy in properties. Recommendations for additional work are also provided. 151 Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords ANNUAL REVIEWS Further 1 Distribution A. Approved for public release (PA): distribution unlimited. MR46CH07-Lewandowski ARI 8 June 2016 12:
A Learning Market-Maker in the Glosten-Milgrom Model

This paper develops a model of a learning market-maker by extending the GlostenMilgrom model of dealer markets. The market-maker tracks the changing true value of a stock in settings with informed traders (with noisy signals) and liquidity traders, and sets bid and ask prices based on its estimate of the true value. We empirically evaluate the performance of the market-maker in markets with different parameter values to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, and then use the algorithm to derive properties of price processes in simulated markets. When the true value is governed by a jump process, there is a two regime behavior marked by significant heterogeneity of information and large spreads immediately following a price jump, which is quickly resolved by the market-maker, leading to a rapid return to homogeneity of information and small spreads. We also discuss the similarities and differences between our model and real stock market data in terms of distributional and time series properties of returns. Submitted to: Quantitative Finance
Cognitive behavioural intervention for adults with anxiety complications of asthma: prospective randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
High levels of asthma-related fear and panic exacerbate asthma symptoms and complicate the management of asthma. Asthma-specific fear may be reduced by a cognitive behavioural intervention. We aimed to test if there is a reduction in asthma-specific fear after cognitive behavioural intervention compared with routine treatment.


METHODS
Adults with asthma registered with family doctors in Sheffield UK were screened for anxiety and 94 highly anxious patients were randomly allocated to receive either a cognitive behavioural intervention to improve self-management of their anxiety (n = 50) or routine clinical care (n = 44). Asthma-specific fear at the end of treatment and at six month follow up were the primary endpoints. Service usage in the six months prior to and six months following the intervention was monitored to allow estimation of costs. Data were analysed by intention to treat.


FINDINGS
At the end of treatment, there was a significantly greater reduction in asthma-specific fear for people in the CBT group compared with controls. At six months after treatment the reduction in asthma-specific fear in the CBT group was increased and the difference between treatment and control group was statistically significant. Service use costs were not reduced in the CBT group.


INTERPRETATION
A brief cognitive behavioural intervention was found to have efficacy in reducing asthma-specific panic fear immediately after treatment and at 6 months follow up. There was no cost advantage to cognitive behavioural treatment.
“ Crossed-Field ” and “ EH ” Antennas Including Radiation from the Feed Lines and Reflection from the Earth ’ s Surface

An ongoing challenge in electrical engineering is the design of antennas whose size is small compared to the broadcast wavelength λ. One difficulty is that the radiation resistance of a small antenna is small compared to that of the typical transmission lines that feed the antenna, so that much of the power in the feed line is reflected off the antenna rather than radiated unless a matching network is used at the antenna terminals (with a large inductance for a small dipole antenna and a large capacitance for a small loop antenna). The radiation resistance of an antenna that emits dipole radiation is proportional to the square of the peak (electric or magnetic) dipole moment of the antenna. This dipole moment is roughly the product of the peak charge times the length of the antenna in the case of a linear (electric) antenna, and is the product of the peak current times the area of the antenna in the case of a loop (magnetic) antenna. Hence, it is hard to increase the radiation resistance of small linear or loop antennas by altering their shapes. One suggestion for a small antenna is the so-called “crossed-field” antenna [2]. Its proponents are not very explicit as to the design of this antenna, so this problem is based on a conjecture as to its motivation. It is well known that in the far zone of a dipole antenna the electric and magnetic fields have equal magnitudes (in Gaussian units), and their directions are at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation of the radiation. Furthermore, the far zone electric and magnetic fields are in phase. The argument is, I believe, that it is desirable if these conditions could also be met in the near zone of the antenna. The proponents appear to argue that in the near zone the magnetic field B is in phase with the current in a simple, small antenna, while the electric field E is in phase with the charge, but the charge and current have a 90◦ phase difference. Hence, they imply, the electric and magnetic fields are 90◦ out of phase in the near zone, so that the radiation (which is proportional to E× B) is weak. The concept of the “crossed-field” antenna seems to be based on the use of two small antennas driven 90◦ out of phase. The expectation is that the electric field of one of the A center-fed linear dipole antenna of total length l λ has radiation resistance Rlinear = (l/λ) 197 Ω, while a circular loop antenna of diameter d λ has Rloop = (d/λ) 1948 Ω. For example, if l = d = 0.1λ then Rlinear = 2 Ω and Rloop = 0.2 Ω. That there is little advantage to so-called small fractal antennas is explored in [1]. A variant based on combining a small electric dipole antenna with a small magnetic dipole (loop) antenna has been proposed by [3].
Burden of illness, quality of life, and healthcare utilization among patients with herpes zoster in South Korea: a prospective clinical-epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the herpes zoster (HZ) disease burden, including the severity and duration of HZ-associated pain, its impact on quality of life (QoL), and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in a South Korean clinical setting.


METHODS
Patients aged ≥50 years were followed prospectively for ≤6 months. Based on the duration of their episode at enrollment, cases were classified as incident (<7 days) or prevalent (≥7 days). HZ pain and discomfort were measured with the HZ Severity of Illness (HZ-SOI) severity-by-duration composite score.


RESULTS
One hundred fifty-one patients (69.5% prevalent cases) were enrolled. Prodrome pain was experienced by 68.2% of patients, of whom 95.1% experienced moderate-to-severe pain; post-herpetic neuralgia was experienced by 38.4%. Prevalent disease, higher acute pain, and older age were significant predictors of greater HZ-SOI, while use of antivirals was associated with decreased HZ-SOI. HZ-associated pain was associated with reduced QoL and affected all daily living activities (particularly mood, life enjoyment, general activities, and sleep), resulting in significant HCRU, including primary care doctor, specialist, or physiotherapist consultations, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits.


CONCLUSION
Severe morbidity, impaired QoL, and significant HCRU are associated with HZ in South Korea, especially in older patients, supporting the need for early intervention and preventive strategies to reduce the HZ-associated disease burden.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: The Importance of Correct Histological Diagnosis

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid is an uncommon, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The diagnosis is made after excluding metastasis from other sites in the head and neck or other primary malignancies of the parotid. Methods: Tumor registry data from 1974 to 1994 were reviewed at three University of Louisville- affiliated hospitals. Of 370 parotid tumors, 40 (11%) were initially classified as squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid. Chart review and histological specimen re-examination were conducted to confirm diagnosis. Results: Only 8 (2%) of the 370 cases, were considered true primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid. Patients with metastases to the parotid from primary sites within the upper aerodigestive tract or skin of the head and neck region and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid were excluded. Facial nerve dysfunction was a presenting complaint in three patients. Two patients presented with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJC) clinical stage III disease and six with AJC stage IV disease. All patients were treated with total parotidectomy and radiotherapy. One patient (12%) is alive and free of disease. Median survival was 13 months (range, 11 months–7 years). Conclusions: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid is uncommon, occurring in 2% of parotid neoplasms at our institution. This is an aggressive malignancy, usually presenting in advanced stage and with facial nerve involvement or cervical metastases. Prognosis is poor even with radical surgery and adjunctive radiotherapy. Careful clinical and histological review is necessary to differentiate primary squamous cancer of the parotid from metastases or other primary parotid malignancy.
The Impact of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners

In line with the studies confirming the positive relationship between critical thinking ability and language proficiency, this study intended to investigate the impact of teaching critical thinking skills on reading comprehension ability, as well as the effect of applying debate on critical thinking of EFL learners. For this purpose 60 intermediate students were assigned to two experimental and control groups after being homogenized through a Nelson test. Afterwards, a reading comprehension and a critical thinking appraisal pretest were administered to the two groups. During the term the experimental group received 8 sessions of treatment using debate as a classroom activity. To compare the two groups they were given the same tests as a posttest.The analysis of collected data showed significant difference between the two groups on reading comprehension test, but the difference on critical thinking test was non-significant. However, the results indicate that teaching critical thinking skills in EFL context can improve language learning. The study has implication for course designers, teachers and students.
Microservices: Theory and Application

Microservices is a new trend in software development, this talk is divided into the theory of Microservices explaining the why and what of Microservices. The second part will dive into specific code building and refactoring a software application into a Microservices Architecture including refactoring, re-design, testing and security.
The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics

for their extremely helpful observations. While they may not agree with all of the conclusions in this paper, they have strengthened my arguments in important ways. Abstract Revolutions often spawn counterrevolutions and the efficient market hypothesis in finance is no exception. The intellectual dominance of the efficient-market revolution has more been challenged by economists who stress psychological and behavioral elements of stock-price determination and by econometricians who argue that stock returns are, to a considerable extent, predictable. This survey examines the attacks on the efficient-market hypothesis and the relationship between predictability and efficiency. I conclude that our stock markets are more efficient and less predictable than many recent academic papers would have us believe. 2 A generation ago, the efficient market hypothesis was widely accepted by academic financial economists; for example, see Eugene Fama's (1970) influential survey article, " Efficient Capital Markets. " It was generally believed that securities markets were extremely efficient in reflecting information about individual stocks and about the stock market as a whole. The accepted view was that when information arises, the news spreads very quickly and is incorporated into the prices of securities without delay. Thus, neither technical analysis, which is the study of past stock prices in an attempt to predict future prices, nor even fundamental analysis, which is the analysis of financial information such as company earnings, asset values, etc., to help investors select " undervalued " stocks, would enable an investor to achieve returns greater than those that could be obtained by holding a randomly selected portfolio of individual stocks with comparable risk. The efficient market hypothesis is associated with the idea of a " random walk, " which is a term loosely used in the finance literature to characterize a price series where all subsequent price changes represent random departures from previous prices. The logic of the random walk idea is that if the flow of information is unimpeded and information is immediately reflected in stock prices, then tomorrow's price change will reflect only tomorrow's news and will be independent of the price changes today. But news is by definition unpredictable and, thus, resulting price changes must be unpredictable and random. As a result, prices fully reflect all known information, and even uninformed investors buying a diversified portfolio at the tableau of prices given by the market will obtain a rate of return as generous as that achieved by the experts. …