LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Advanced practice nursing: a concept analysis.

A variety of terms are used to describe advanced practice nursing roles internationally. This has resulted in confusion in terminology around these roles. The aim of this concept analysis was to clarify what is meant by advanced practice nursing internationally, what attributes signify advanced practice nursing and what are its antecedents, consequences, references and related terms. Rodgers's evolutionary method of concept analysis was used. Data sources included Medline, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Cochrane Library, Science Direct, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Dissertation Abstracts and DARE as well as relevant nursing texts and professional organization websites. The analysis reveals that there are many different articulations of the advanced practice nursing role outlined in the literature. This variety in terminology hinders developments in advanced practice nursing roles. Consensus on advanced practice nursing definitions, terminology, educational requirements and regulatory approaches is integral to the implementation of the advanced practice nursing role internationally.
Optimal auctions with ambiguity

A crucial assumption in the optimal auction literature has been that each bidders valuation is known to be drawn from a single unique distribution. In this paper we relax this assumption and study the optimal auction problem when there is ambiguity about the distribution from which these valuations are drawn and where the seller or the bidder may display ambiguity aversion. We model ambiguity aversion using the maxmin expected utility model where an agent evaluates an action on the basis of the minimum expected utility over the set of priors, and then chooses the best action amongst them. We Þrst consider the case where the bidders are ambiguity averse (and the seller is ambiguity neutral). Our Þrst result shows that the optimal incentive compatible and individually rational mechanism must be such that for each type of bidder the minimum expected utility is attained by using the sellers prior. Using this result we show that an auction that provides full insurance to all types of bidders is always in the set of optimal auctions. In particular, when the bidders set of priors is the 2contamination of the sellers prior the unique optimal auction provides full insurance to bidders of all types. We also show that in general, many classical auctions, including Þrst and second price are not the optimal mechanism (even with suitably chosen reserve prices). We next consider the case when the seller is ambiguity averse (and the bidders are ambiguity neutral). Now, the optimal auction involves the seller being perfectly insured. Hence, as long as bidders are risk and ambiguity neutral, ambiguity aversion on the part of the seller seems to play a similar role to that of risk aversion. First version: June 23, 2003
Tissue plasminogen activator was cost-effective compared to streptokinase in only selected patients with acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to explore the patient-specific cost-effectiveness in a community-based sample for a therapy for which the average cost-effectiveness in a clinical trial has been well-described.


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
Based on a validated multivariate model, we generated predictions of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of t-PA compared to streptokinase on 921 consecutive patients who received thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.


RESULTS
The average cost-effectiveness of t-PA was US dollar 40,140 per life-year saved. For the quartile of patients most likely to benefit, the incremental cost-effectiveness of t-PA was US dollar 15,396. However, only 44% of patients who received thrombolytic therapy had an estimated cost-effectiveness ratio below US dollar 50,000 per year of life saved; the ratio was greater than US dollar 100,000 in 37% of treated patients. Patients in the lowest quartile of expected benefit are, overall, more likely to be harmed than to benefit from t-PA.


CONCLUSION
Compared to the pattern of thrombolytic agent choice observed, targeting t-PA to the half of patients most likely to benefit could save 247 lives and US dollar 174 million nationally per year.
Comparison of mother, father, and teacher reports of ADHD core symptoms in a sample of child psychiatric outpatients.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the significance of adding father ratings to mother and teacher ratings in the assessment of ADHD symptoms in children.


METHOD
The ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Teacher Report Form were filled out by all three informants for a sample of 48 clinically referred children (79% boys) aged 6 to 15 (M = 10.1) years.


RESULTS
Correspondence between father and teacher reports on ADHD-specific symptoms (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .38) exceeded that between mothers and teachers (ICC = .23). Fathers rated their children as having fewer problems than did mothers and teachers on Total scale scores and the Inattention subscale of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Mother ratings were more sensitive to an ADHD diagnosis, whereas father ratings better predicted an ADHD diagnosis requiring the two-setting criterion.


CONCLUSION
The choice of parent informant and informant combination had a considerable impact on parent-teacher concordance and estimates of ADHD symptoms and subtypes in the child.
Global ecology in human perspective

1. The Meaning and Scope of Global Ecology 2. Properties and Components of Planet Earth 3. The Biosphere 4. Ecological Principles - Ecosystems 5. Ecosystem Organization and Function 6. Energy Flow and Trophic Structure 7. Ecosystem Homeostasis, Succession and Stability 8. Our Global Condition: A Clash of Concepts 9. Global Change and Development 10. Land Degradation 11. Desertification 12. Deforestation 13. Historical Aspects of Environmental Destruction 14. Population Ecology 15. Human Populations 16. World Food Supplies 17. Air Pollution 18. Weather and Climate Change 19. Water Pollution and Ocean Ecology 20. The Crisis in Biodiversity 21. Our Human Conditions: Economics, Demography, and Health 22. Global Patterns of Health 23. Competition and Conflict 24. The Ecology of War 25. Sustainability 26. Assessment and Agenda 27. Prognosis
Designing a wearable user interface for hands-free interaction in maintenance applications

One challenge in wearable computing is the design of proper user interfaces and interaction concepts for applications. This paper discusses the design of hands-free wearable user interfaces and shows an example interface for an aircraft maintenance application. The user interface we present uses a wireless data glove for interaction
Using Hash Functions as a Hedge against Chosen Ciphertext Attack

The cryptosystem recently proposed by Cramer and Shoup [CS98] is a practical public key cryptosystem that is secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack provided the Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption is true. Although this is a reasonable intractability assumption, it would be preferable to base a security proof on a weaker assumption, such as the Computational Diffie-Hellman assumption. Indeed, this cryptosystem in its most basic form is in fact insecure if the Decisional DiffieHellman assumption is false. In this paper we present a practical hybrid scheme that is just as efficient as the scheme of of Cramer and Shoup; indeed, the scheme is slightly more efficient than the one originally presented by Cramer and Shoup; we prove that the scheme is secure if the Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption is true; we give strong evidence that the scheme is secure if the weaker, Computational Diffie-Hellman assumption is true by providing a proof of security in the random oracle model.
Phase I trial using proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and concurrent temozolomide and radiotherapy for central nervous system malignancies.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the toxicity and response rate of bortezomib with concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide in the treatment of patients with central nervous system malignancies.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This open-label, dose-escalation, Phase I clinical study evaluated the safety of three dose levels of intravenously administered bortezomib (0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 mg/m(2)/dose) on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle, in addition to concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide at a daily dose of 75 mg/m(2) starting on Day 1. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity, defined as any Grade 4-5 toxicity or Grade 3 toxicity directly attributable to protocol treatment, requiring hospitalization and/or radiotherapy interruption. The secondary endpoints included feasibility, non-dose-limiting toxicity, and treatment response.


RESULTS
A total of 27 patients were enrolled, 23 of whom had high-grade glioma (10 recurrent and 13 newly diagnosed). No dose-limiting toxicities were noted in any dose group, including the highest (1.3 mg/m(2)/dose). The most frequent toxicities were Grade 1 and 2 stomatitis, erythema, and alopecia. All 27 patients were evaluable for response. At a median follow-up of 15.0 months, 9 patients were still alive, with a median survival of 17.4 months for all patients and 15.0 months for patients with high-grade glioma.


CONCLUSION
Bortezomib administered at its typical "systemic" dose (1.3 mg/m(2)) is well tolerated and safe combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy when used in the treatment of central nervous system malignancies. A Phase II study to characterize efficacy is warranted.
Composite right/left-handed substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antennas

Leaky-wave antennas based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are investigated and presented in this paper. By introducing series interdigital capacitors, which are realized by etching slots on the waveguide surface, a balanced CRLH waveguide leaky-wave antenna with a continuous beam-steering capability has been implemented. The backfire radiation is obtained when the waveguide is operated below its characteristic cutoff frequency while the broadside radiation is achieved at the balancing frequency point. By embedding the series interdigital capacitors in both the top surface and the ground of the SIW, a frequency-scanned leaky-wave antenna characterized by double-side radiation or a quasi-omnidirectional feature is achieved. The measured results show that the proposed antennas offer a scanning angle covering almost backfire-to-endfire directions with relatively high gains.
A Prospective International Multicenter Study of AKI in the Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
AKI is frequent and is associated with poor outcomes. There is limited information on the epidemiology of AKI worldwide. This study compared patients with AKI in emerging and developed countries to determine the association of clinical factors and processes of care with outcomes.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
This prospective observational study was conducted among intensive care unit patients from nine centers in developed countries and five centers in emerging countries. AKI was defined as an increase in creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours.


RESULTS
Between 2008 and 2012, 6647 patients were screened, of whom 1275 (19.2%) developed AKI. A total of 745 (58% of those with AKI) agreed to participate and had complete data. Patients in developed countries had more sepsis (52.1% versus 38.0%) and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores (mean±SD, 61.1±27.5 versus 51.1±25.2); those from emerging countries had more CKD (54.3% versus 38.3%), GN (6.3% versus 0.9%), and interstitial nephritis (7.0% versus 0.6%) (all P<0.05). Patients from developed countries were less often treated with dialysis (15.5% versus 30.2%; P<0.001) and started dialysis later after AKI diagnosis (2.0 [interquartile range, 0.75-5.0] days versus 0 [interquartile range, 0-5.0] days; P=0.02). Hospital mortality was 22.0%, and 13.3% of survivors were dialysis dependent at discharge. Independent risk factors associated with hospital mortality included older age, residence in an emerging country, use of vasopressors (emerging countries only), dialysis and mechanical ventilation, and higher APACHE score and cumulative fluid balance (developed countries only). A lower probability of renal recovery was associated with residence in an emerging country, higher APACHE score (emerging countries only) and dialysis, while mechanical ventilation was associated with renal recovery (developed countries only).


CONCLUSIONS
This study contrasts the clinical features and management of AKI and demonstrates worse outcomes in emerging than in developed countries. Differences in variations in care may explain these findings and should be considered in future trials.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on haemodynamics and outcome of patients with persistent cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: a phase II dose-ranging study.

AIMS
Previous studies suggested haemodynamic benefits and, possibly, mortality reduction with the use of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). We assessed preliminary efficacy and safety of four doses of l-n-monomethyl-arginine (l-NMMA), a non-selective NOS inhibitor, in patients with AMI complicated by CS despite an open infarct-related artery.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients (n = 79) were randomly assigned to a bolus and 5 h infusion of placebo or 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg of l-NMMA. The primary outcome measure was absolute change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 2 h. Fifteen minutes after study drug initiation, mean change in MAP was -4.0 mmHg in the placebo group and 5.8 (P = 0.02), 4.8 (P = 0.02), 5.1 (P = 0.07), and 11.6 (P < 0.001) mmHg in the four l-NMMA groups, respectively (all vs. placebo). Mean change in MAP at 2 h was -0.4, 4.4, 1.8, -4.1, and 6.8 mmHg in the placebo and four l-NMMA groups, respectively (all P = NS).


CONCLUSION
l-NMMA resulted in modest increases in MAP at 15 min compared with placebo but there were no differences at 2 h.
A review of the evidence supporting the aesthetic orthodontic treatment need indices.

OBJECTIVES
Aesthetic improvement and psychological enhancement have been cited as justifications for orthodontic treatment. This paper reviews the evidence that relates malocclusion to psychological health and quality of life and explores whether this evidence supports the most commonly used aesthetic Orthodontic Treatment Need Indices (OTNI).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The relevant cited material from the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane databases, and scientific textbooks were used. The citation rate was confirmed by using the Google Scholar.


RESULTS
The subjective nature of aesthetic indices and the variable perception of attractiveness between clinicians and patients, and among various cultures or countries are a few limitations of aesthetic OTNI. The available evidence of mainly cross-sectional studies on the link between malocclusion and either psychosocial well-being or quality of life is not conclusive, and sometimes contradictory, to suggest these characteristics are affected by malocclusions. Further, the long-term longitudinal studies did not suggest that people with malocclusion are disadvantaged psychologically, or their quality of life would be worse off, which challenges using aesthetic OTNI to assess the social and psychological implications of malocclusion.


CONCLUSION
The subjective nature of aesthetic OTNI and the minor contributory role of malocclusion in psychosocial health or quality of life undermine using aesthetic indices to assess the likely social and psychological implications of malocclusion. Consequently, using aesthetic OTNI, as a method to quantify malocclusion remains open to debate. Various soft and hard-tissue analyses are used before formulating a treatment plan (i.e., assessment of sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships). The addition of a shortened version of these analyses to the aesthetic OTNI can be a good substitute for the aesthetic components of OTNI, if an assessment of the aesthetic aspects of malocclusion is intended. This reduces subjectivity and improves the validity of the OTNI that incorporate an aesthetic component.
A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation.

BACKGROUND
While numerous studies report prevalence of constipation, use of laxatives is poorly understood.


AIM
To conduct a survey in seven countries evaluating prevalence of constipation and laxative use in its treatment.


METHODS
Thirteen thousand eight hundred seventy-nine adults [approximately 2000 each from US, UK, Germany (GE), France (FR), Italy (IT), Brazil (BR) and South Korea (SK)] completed questionnaires assessing occurrence, frequency, duration and laxative use for treating constipation.


RESULTS
Overall, 12.3% of adults had constipation [range: 5% (GE) to 18% (US)] in the prior year. A greater percent of women from all countries and elderly from all except SK and BR reported constipation; odds ratios for constipation among women and elderly were 2.43 (95% CI: 2.18-2.71) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.25-1.73) vs. men and young subjects. Among those with constipation, 16% (SK) to 40% (US) used laxatives. Laxative use was generally associated with increasing age, symptom frequency and lower income and education. A similar percentage of men and women with constipation reported using laxatives; a greater percentage of women used laxatives for a longer time.


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of self-defined constipation and laxative use varies among countries. Prevalence is generally related to gender and age, whereas laxative use is related to age, but not to gender.
Adaptation of high-gamma responses in human auditory association cortex.

This study investigates adaptation of high-frequency cortical responses [>60 Hz; high-gamma (HG)] to simple and complex sounds in human nonprimary auditory cortex. We used intracranial electrocorticographic recordings to measure event-related changes in HG power as a function of stimulus probability. Tone and speech stimuli were presented in a series of traditional oddball and control paradigms. We hypothesized that HG power attenuates with stimulus repetition over multiple concurrent time scales in auditory association cortex. Time-frequency analyses were performed to identify auditory-responsive sites. Single-trial analyses and quantitative modeling were then used to measure trial-to-trial changes in HG power for high (frequent), low (infrequent), and equal (control) stimulus probabilities. Results show strong reduction of HG responses to frequently repeated tones and speech, with no differences in responses to infrequent and equal-probability stimuli. Adaptation of the HG frequent response, and not stimulus-acoustic differences or deviance-detection enhancement effects, accounted for the differential responses observed for frequent and infrequent sounds. Adaptation of HG responses showed a rapid onset (less than two trials) with slower adaptation between consecutive, repeated trials (2-10 s) and across trials in a stimulus block (∼7 min). The auditory-evoked N100 response also showed repetition-related adaptation, consistent with previous human scalp and animal single-unit recordings. These findings indicate that HG responses are highly sensitive to the regularities of simple and complex auditory events and show adaptation on multiple concurrent time scales in human auditory association cortex.
Quality of computer enhanced totally endoscopic coronary bypass graft anastomosis--comparison to conventional technique.

OBJECTIVE
Aims of the study were to develop an endoscopic technique to perform robot assisted coronary anastomoses, using a computer enhanced telemanipulator and to compare the quality of the anastomoses with those performed using a standard open technique.


METHODS
A surgical telemanipulator with two instrument arms and a central videoscopic arm was used to perform remote endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting on isolated porcine hearts. The end effectors and the videoscope were placed through three 10 mm port incisions. All anastomoses (Cx to LAD) were performed using a double armed 7-0 Prolene suture of 5 or 7 cm in length. All operations were performed remotely from the master console using ten times magnification, tremor filtering and 3:1 motion scaling. Initially 20 anastomoses were performed to develop and train the technique. Then, 20 robot-assisted anastomoses (group I) were compared with 20 anastomoses using a standard open parachute technique (group II). All anastomoses were checked for patency and leakage. Patency was confirmed by bench angiography. After fixation, all anastomoses were macroscopically evaluated for patency, intactness, alignment, intimal tears and dehiscence. Both angiographic and pathologic evaluations were performed with the examiners blinded to the technique of anastomosis.


RESULTS
In the initial feasibility series, time for anastomosis was 18.2 +/- 9.1 min. All anastomoses were patent although minor stenoses were found in two and minor leakage was noted in five anastomoses. In the second series all anastomoses were patent, not leaking and showed a good run-off at angiography. Mean time for anastomosis in group I was 12.8 +/- 2.4 min as compared with 6.3 +/- 0.2 min in group II (P < 0.001), respectively. Macroscopic analysis demonstrated equal quality for both groups. There were no stenoses, no intimal tears and no dehiscences. All anastomoses had a normal alignment and intact suture lines.


CONCLUSION
Using the Intuitive surgical telemanipulator, it is possible to remotely perform endoscopic coronary anastomoses with the same quality as with an open standard technique after a brief learning curve. This will enable true endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting with a precision that has not been achieved with any other previously applied endoscopic technique.
Dynamic control of wind/photovoltaic hybrid power systems based on an advanced particle swarm optimization

As a clean and renewable energy source, wind/photovoltaic hybrid power generation, which will contribute to adjusting energy structures and protecting environments, has attracted lots of countries and organizations. But it is very hard to model with strong nonlinearity, multiple objectives, and multiple extreme values, and very difficult to be handled with traditional methods. This paper makes a mathematical model, which is used to control the operation of wind/photovoltaic hybrid power systems, designs a new particle swarm optimization based on uniform designs and inertia mutation, which is used to solve the made mathematical model to control the operation of hybrid power systems dynamically. The experimental results show that this particle swarm optimization can trace varieties of load, wind velocity and solar irradiation to optimize the power output of generation devices, which makes hybrid power systems run steadily, safely and also economically.
How digital transformation shapes corporate IT: Ten theses about the IT organization of the future

DIGITAL transformation is a major challenge for many organizations. IT managers in particular not only wonder what the next digital trends in their industry will be, they also need to understand how today's IT organizations will change in light of digital transformation. I will first discuss some foundations of digital transformation and will then present 10 theses on how digital transformation will influence corporate IT.