LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On upsampling, downsampling, and rational sampling rate filter banks

AbstructRecently, solutions to the problem of design of rational sampling rate filter banks in one dimension has been proposed. The abaity to interchange the operations of upsampling, downsampling, and filtering plays an important role in these solutions. This paper develops a complete theory for the analysis of arbitrary combinations of upsamplers, downsamplers and filters in multiple dimensions. Although some of the simpler results are well known, the more difficult results concerning swapping upsamplers and downsamplers and variations thereof are new. As an application of thii theory, we obtain algebraic reductions of the general multidimensional rational sampling rate problem to a multidimensional uniform filter bank problem. However, issues concerning the design of the filters themselves are not addressed. In multiple dimensions, upsampling and downsampling operators are determined by integer matrices (as opposed to scalars in one dimension), and the noncommutativity of matrices makes the problem considerably more difficult. Ca.yades of upsamplers and downsamplers in one dimension are easy to analyze. The new results for the analysis of multidimensional upsampling and downsampling operators are derived using the Aryabhatta/Bezout identity over integer matrices as a fundamental tool. A number of new results in the theory of integer matrices that a relevant to the filter bank problem are also developed. Special cases of some of the results pertaining to the commutativity of upsamplerddownsamplers have been obtained in parallel by several authors.
Nonlinear Control of Robotic Manipulators Driven by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

Lightweight, compliant actuators are particularly desirable in safety-conscious robotic systems intended for interaction with humans. Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) exhibit these characteristics and are capable of higher specific work than comparably sized hydraulic actuators and electric motors. However, control of PAM-actuated systems has proven difficult due to the highly nonlinear nature of the actuators and the pneumatic systems driving their actuation. This study develops and investigates the performance of three advanced control strategies-sliding mode control, adaptive sliding mode control, and adaptive neural network (ANN) control-each containing a distinct level of a priori model knowledge, to enable smooth and accurate motion tracking of a single degree-of-freedom PAM-actuated manipulator. Originally developed by J.-J. Slotine and R.M. Sanner, the specific controllers employed in this study are significantly modified for application to pneumatically actuated open-chain manipulators with complex nonlinear dynamics. The two adaptive controllers are updated online and require no pretraining step. Several experiments are performed with each controller to evaluate and compare closed-loop tracking performance. Results highlight the dependence of a preferred control strategy on the level of model completeness and quality, and suggest that in most PAM-actuated manipulator scenarios, the ANN controller is preferable because it does not require a model of the pneumatic system or joint mechanism design, which can be difficult and time consuming to characterize, and is robust to changes in PAM actuator characteristics (due to fatigue or replacement).
Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cordia dichotoma (Indian cherry): a review.

More than half of the world's population relies on the traditional medicine and major role of the traditional medicine including the use of plant extract and their active constituents. Among them, Cordia dichotoma Forst., a small to moderate size plant of family Boragenaceae, commonly called bhokar, lasura, gonda, Indian cherry and shlesmataka. Plant parts such as leaves, fruit, bark and seed have been reported for possessing antidiabetic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulator and analgesic activity. Screening of fruit, leaves and seed shows the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and sterols. Present review focuses on details of geographical distribution, physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of Cordia dichotoma reported so far.
Efficacy and safety of a novel oral inducer of apolipoprotein a-I synthesis in statin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of RVX-208, the first oral agent designed to enhance apolipoprotein (apo) A-I synthesis.


BACKGROUND
No agent that selectively induces synthesis of apoA-I has reached an advanced stage of clinical development.


METHODS
A total of 299 statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease were treated with placebo or with RVX-208 at a dose of 50, 100, or 150 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Changes in lipid-related biomarkers, in addition to safety and tolerability, of RVX-208 were investigated.


RESULTS
For each dose of RVX-208, individual pairwise comparisons of apoA-I changes with placebo, the primary end point, did not achieve statistical significance. However, treatment with RVX-208 was associated with a dose-dependent increase in apoA-I levels by up to 5.6% (p = 0.035 for trend). Administration of RVX-208 resulted in significant increases in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ranging from 3.2% to 8.3% (p = 0.02), and large HDL particles increased by 11.1% to 21.1% (p = 0.003). ApoA-I levels increased rapidly from 8 to 12 weeks, suggesting that peak pharmacological effect has not been achieved by the end of the 12-week study. Transient and reversible elevations in liver transaminases >3 times the upper limit of normal were observed in 18 patients treated with RVX-208, with no associated increase in bilirubin levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Administration of RVX-208 for 12 weeks was associated with increases in apoA-I, HDL-C, and concentration of large HDL particles, consistent with facilitation of cholesterol mobilization. Maximal increases in apoA-I may require longer exposure. An increase in liver enzymes was observed with active treatment. (Clinical Trial for Dose Finding and Safety of RVX000222 in Subjects With Stable Coronary Artery Disease; NCT01058018).
A web-based tool to predict acute kidney injury in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Development, internal validation and comparison

BACKGROUND
In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute kidney injury (AKI) may increase subsequent morbidity and mortality. Still, it remains difficult to predict AKI risk in these patients. We sought to 1) determine the frequency and clinical outcomes of AKI and, 2) develop, validate and compare a web-based tool for predicting AKI.


METHODS & FINDINGS
In a racially diverse series of 1144 consecutive STEMI patients, Stage 1 or greater AKI occurred in 12.9% and was severe (Stage 2-3) in 2.9%. AKI was associated with increased mortality (5.7-fold, unadjusted) and hospital stay (2.5-fold). AKI was associated with systolic dysfunction, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, hypotension and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. A computational algorithm (UT-AKI) was derived and internally validated. It showed higher sensitivity and improved overall prediction for AKI (area under the curve 0.76) vs. other published indices. Higher UT-AKI scores were associated with more severe AKI, longer hospital stay and greater hospital mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
In a large, racially diverse cohort of STEMI patients, Stage 1 or greater AKI was relatively common and was associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A web-accessible, internally validated tool was developed with improved overall value for predicting AKI. By identifying patients at increased risk, this tool may help physicians tailor post-procedural diagnostic and therapeutic strategies after STEMI to reduce AKI and its associated morbidity and mortality.
Analysis of the effect of security on data and voice traffic in WLAN

This paper investigates the impact of security on the performance of WLAN. More specifically, it analyzes the impact of different encryption techniques used by two security protocols, namely Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) on the throughput and delay over WLAN IEEE 802.11g. Moreover, in this paper, we investigate the effect of encryption on the performance of wireless transmission during the handover process when a mobile device disassociates from one access point and re-associates with another one. In addition, this paper addresses the impact of the use of security in WLAN specifically on voice traffic namely the incurred transmission delay and jitter. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pressure ulcer prevention: An efficient turning schedule for bed-bound patients

Pressure ulcer is a critical problem for bed-ridden and wheelchair-bound patients, diabetics, and the elderly. Patients need to be regularly repositioned to prevent excessive pressure on a single area of body, which can lead to ulcers. Pressure ulcers are costly to treat and cause many other health problems, including death. The current standard for prevention is to reposition at-risk patients every two hours. This level of attention is becoming increasingly unrealistic for already overworked nursing staff. In this paper, we present a scheduling algorithm that uses data from a pressure mat on the hospital bed to compute a repositioning schedule that minimizes nursing staff interaction while still preventing pressure ulcer formation. Our experimental results show a 30% increase in the average time between repositioning over the standard schedule. Furthermore, some postures were found to be unsafe if not changed for more than one hour.
Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Treatment, Early or Late After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Twelve Months CMR and Long-Term Clinical Results.

RATIONALE
Intracoronary delivery of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) may improve remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).


OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate long-term efficacy of BM-MNC treatment after AMI.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In a multicenter study, we randomized 200 patients with large AMI in a 1:1:1 pattern into an open-labeled control and 2 BM-MNC treatment groups. In the BM-MNC groups, cells were either administered 5 to 7 days (early) or 3 to 4 weeks (late) after AMI. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and after 12 months. The current analysis investigates the change from baseline to 12 months in global LV ejection fraction, LV volumes, scar size, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide values comparing the 2 treatment groups with control in a linear regression model. Besides the complete case analysis, multiple imputation analysis was performed to address for missing data. Furthermore, the long-term clinical event rate was computed. The absolute change in LV ejection fraction from baseline to 12 months was -1.9±9.8% for control (mean±SD), -0.9±10.5% for the early treatment group, and -0.7±10.1% for the late treatment group. The difference between the groups was not significant, both for complete case analysis and multiple imputation analysis. A combined clinical end point occurred equally in all the groups. Overall, 1-year mortality was low (2.25%).


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with AMI and LV dysfunction, treatment with BM-MNC either 5 to 7 days or 3 to 4 weeks after AMI did not improve LV function at 12 months, compared with control. The results are limited by an important drop out rate.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00355186.
Generalized Semantics and Abstract Interpretation for Constraint Logic Programs

We present a simple and powerful generalized algebraic semantics for constraint logic programs that is parameterized with respect to the underlying constraint system. The idea is to abstract away from standard semantic objects by focusing on the general properties of any|possibly non-standard| semantic deenition. In constraint logic programming, this corresponds to a suitable deenition of the constraint system supporting the semantic definition. An algebraic structure is introduced to formalize the notion of a constraint system, thus making classical mathematical results applicable. Both top-down and bottom-up semantics are considered. Non-standard semantics for constraint logic programs can then be formally speciied using the same techniques used to deene standard semantics. Diierent non-standard semantics for constraint logic languages can be speciied in this framework. In particular abstract interpretation of constraint logic programs can be viewed as an instance of the constraint logic programming framework itself.
Application of Katharine Kolcaba Comfort Theory in Post Operative Child : Delivering Integrative Comfort Care Intervention by using Theory of Comfort – A Case Study of a 5 year Old Child Admitted in PICU with Laprotomy Experiencing Post Operative Discomfort

Objective of case study: To apply Katharine Kolcaba’s nursing theory on post operative child admitted in PICU. Research approach: Case study approach was used in applying Katharine Kolcaba theory of comfort on post operative child Application: Katharine Kolcaba comfort theory frame work used to assess patient condition, plan and deliver integrative comfort care interventions The steps followed for data collection planning and implementing effective care were based on the presuppositions of the Katharine Kolcaba theory. The tools used for data collection were Base line information of children. Comfort Behavior check list, Taxonomy structure of comfort or Comfort Grid and Comfort Daisies. . Comfort care interventions were delivered by using nursing process approach. These interventions were addressed across physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects. Result of application of theory were analyzed and demonstrated improvement in child comfort level.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of insulin delivery by continuous subcutaneous infusion compared to multiple daily injections

BACKGROUND
Intensive insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices or multiple daily injections (MDI) reduces the risk of long-term vascular complications of type I diabetes (TID). Both treatments are used routinely, but there is little evidence to demonstrate superiority of either treatment. If CSII treatment reduces the risk of long-term complications or is associated with an improved quality of life (QoL), the additional cost of this therapy may be compensated for by a reduction in long-term health expenditure. If there is no demonstrable difference between treatments, health-care resources may be better invested elsewhere. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge.


METHODS/DESIGN
This is a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Fifteen centres, selected to represent a population with a broad demographic, will recruit 316 patients, newly diagnosed with TID, aged between 7 months and 15 years. Exclusion criteria include additional pathologies or treatments likely to affect glycaemic control and a first-degree relative with TID. Randomisation to CSII or MDI is stratified for age, gender and recruiting centre. The randomised treatment starts within 15 days of diagnosis. Patients will be trained to adjust their insulin dose according to carbohydrate intake and blood glucose level. Study visits coincide with routine clinic appointments at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months when data relating to routine clinical assessments, adverse events and concomitant medications are collected. Health utilities questionnaires are completed at each visit and a diabetes-specific QoL questionnaire (PedsQL) at diagnosis, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is glycaemic control (HbA1c) at 12 months. Secondary outcome measures include QoL, insulin use, growth and weight gain, adverse events and a health economics appraisal.


DISCUSSION
This is the first adequately powered RCT comparing CSII and MDI in a non-selected population, treated according to standard practice guidelines. It will produce data that are meaningful to individual patients and local and national policymakers.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered with the European Clinical Trials Database on 4 November 2010, reference 2010-023792-25.
Learning Accurate Low-Bit Deep Neural Networks with Stochastic Quantization

Low-bit deep neural networks (DNNs) become critical for embedded applications due to their low storage requirement and computing efficiency. However, they suffer much from the non-negligible accuracy drop. This paper proposes the stochastic quantization (SQ) algorithm for learning accurate low-bit DNNs. The motivation is due to the following observation. Existing training algorithms approximate the real-valued elements/filters with low-bit representation all together in each iteration. The quantization errors may be small for some elements/filters, while are remarkable for others, which lead to inappropriate gradient direction during training, and thus bring notable accuracy drop. Instead, SQ quantizes a portion of elements/filters to low-bit with a stochastic probability inversely proportional to the quantization error, while keeping the other portion unchanged with full-precision. The quantized and full-precision portions are updated with corresponding gradients separately in each iteration. The SQ ratio is gradually increased until the whole network is quantized. This procedure can greatly compensate the quantization error and thus yield better accuracy for low-bit DNNs. Experiments show that SQ can consistently and significantly improve the accuracy for different lowbit DNNs on various datasets and various network structures.
Resource management coordination with level 2/3 fusion issues and challenges [Panel Report]

Information fusion system designs require sensor and resource management (SM) for effective and efficient data collection, processing, and dissemination. Common Level 4 fusion sensor management (or process refinement) inter-relations with target tracking and identification (Level 1 fusion) have been detailed in the literature. At the ISIF Fusion Conference, a panel discussion was held to examine the contemporary issues and challenges pertaining to the interaction between SM and situation and threat assessment (Level 2/3 fusion). This summarizes the key tenants of the invited panel experts. The common themes were: (1) Addressing the user in system control, (2) Determining a standard set of metrics, (3) Evaluating fusion systems to deliver timely information needs, (4) Dynamic updating for planning mission time-horizons, (5) Joint optimization of objective functions at all levels, (6) L2/3 situation entity definitions for knowledge discovery, modeling, and information projection, and (7) Addressing constraints for resource planning and scheduling.
Online Test Tool to Determine the CEFR Reading Comprehension Level of Text

On the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) scale, the average reading comprehension level of the Dutch population is B1 and the average level of text provided by Dutch government organisations requires a considerably higher reading skills level (C1). This means that part of the population may have difficulty reading texts delivered to them by their own government. We built a simple and freely available online tool to give content editors an indication of the CEFR reading comprehension level of their texts. This paper describes the parameters of the tool and proposes a list of possible extensions to improve the quality and usability of the output. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Programme Committee of the 5th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion (DSAI 2013).
Differential Effects of Early Weaning for HIV-Free Survival of Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers by Severity of Maternal Disease

BACKGROUND
We previously reported no benefit of early weaning for HIV-free survival of children born to HIV-infected mothers in intent-to-treat analyses. Since early weaning was poorly accepted, we conducted a secondary analysis to investigate whether beneficial effects may have been hidden.


METHODS
958 HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, were randomized to abrupt weaning at 4 months (intervention) or to continued breastfeeding (control). Children were followed to 24 months with regular HIV PCR tests and examinations to determine HIV infection or death. Detailed behavioral data were collected on when all breastfeeding ended. Most participants were recruited before antiretroviral treatment (ART) became available. We compared outcomes among mother-child pairs who weaned earlier or later than intended by study design adjusting for potential confounders.


RESULTS
Of infants alive, uninfected and still breastfeeding at 4 months in the intervention group, 16.1% who weaned as instructed acquired HIV or died by 24 months compared to 16.0% who did not comply (p = 0.98). Children of women with less severe disease during pregnancy (not eligible for ART) had worse outcomes if their mothers weaned as instructed (RH = 2.60 95% CI: 1.06-6.36) compared to those who continued breastfeeding. Conversely, children of mothers with more severe disease (eligible for ART but did not receive it) who weaned early had better outcomes (p-value interaction = 0.002). In the control group, weaning before 15 months was associated with 3.94-fold (95% CI: 1.65-9.39) increase in HIV infection or death among infants of mothers with less severe disease.


CONCLUSION
Incomplete adherence did not mask a benefit of early weaning. On the contrary, for women with less severe disease, early weaning was harmful and continued breastfeeding resulted in better outcomes. For women with more advanced disease, ART should be given during pregnancy for maternal health and to reduce transmission, including through breastfeeding.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
(ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00310726.