LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric sialendoscopy: a 5-year experience at a single institution.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the outcome of our experience in the treatment of salivary gland disorders in children undergoing sialendoscopy and to assess the evolution of the technique.


DESIGN
Retrospective medical record review.


SETTING
Tertiary care university hospital.


PATIENTS
Thirty-eight children with salivary gland disorders undergoing diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy between January 1, 2003, and November 30, 2008.


INTERVENTION
Diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy using general anesthesia.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Demographic, clinical, and surgical variables, including age, sex, date of first symptoms, parotid or submandibular location of disease, preoperative ultrasonographic results, sialendoscopy technique, sialendoscopy observations, and complications.


RESULTS
Pediatric sialendoscopy was performed on the parotid gland in 23 patients (61%) and on the submandibular gland in 15 patients (39%). The most frequent indication for sialendoscopy was recurrent salivary gland swelling. Thirty-two of 38 procedures (84%) were performed endoscopically, whereas a combined intervention was necessary for 3 patients and a submandibular gland excision for another 3 patients. Sialendoscopy allowed the diagnosis of 12 patients with salivary duct lithiasis, 21 with salivary duct stenosis, and 2 with both submandibular lithiasis and stenosis, and findings from 3 sialendoscopies were normal. Preoperative ultrasonographic results were confirmed by sialendoscopy in only 7 patients. Of the 10 patients with lithiasis found using sialendoscopy, only 4 had been detected using preoperative ultrasonography.


CONCLUSIONS
Sialendoscopy is a pertinent technique for the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland disorders in children. It also allows the most conservative treatment of sialolithiasis and juvenile recurrent parotitis.
OxIOD: The Dataset for Deep Inertial Odometry

Advances in micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) techniques enable inertial measurements units (IMUs) to be small, cheap, energy efficient, and widely used in smartphones, robots, and drones. Exploiting inertial data for accurate and reliable navigation and localization has attracted significant research and industrial interest, as IMU measurements are completely ego-centric and generally environment agnostic. Recent studies have shown that the notorious issue of drift can be significantly alleviated by using deep neural networks (DNNs) [1]. However, the lack of sufficient labelled data for training and testing various architectures limits the proliferation of adopting DNNs in IMU-based tasks. In this paper, we propose and release the Oxford Inertial Odometry Dataset (OxIOD), a first-of-its-kind data collection for inertial-odometry research, with all sequences having ground-truth labels. Our dataset contains 158 sequences totalling more than 42 km in total distance, much larger than previous inertial datasets. Another notable feature of this dataset lies in its diversity, which can reflect the complex motions of phone-based IMUs in various everyday usage. The measurements were collected with four different attachments (handheld, in the pocket, in the handbag and on the trolley), four motion modes (halting, walking slowly, walking normally, and running), five different users, four types of off-the-shelf consumer phones, and large-scale localization from office buildings. Deep inertial tracking experiments were conducted to show the effectiveness of our dataset in training deep neural network models and evaluate learning-based and model-based algorithms. The OxIOD Dataset is available at: http://deepio.cs.ox.ac.uk
Testicular cancer incidence trends in the USA (1975-2004): plateau or shifting racial paradigm?

OBJECTIVE
It has been reported that the incidence of testicular cancer has plateaued in some parts of the USA, especially among non-Hispanic Whites in Los Angeles. Temporal trends analysis was conducted over three decades to assess the evidence for such a plateau, and to examine whether the incidence of testicular cancer remains stable across racial/ethnic groups. This study also investigated the influence of age at diagnosis on the incidence of testicular cancer.


STUDY DESIGN
Population-based temporal trends analysis.


METHODS
Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), 16,580 newly diagnosed cases of testicular cancer in males aged 15-49 years were identified between 1975 and 2004. Incidence rates were examined by calculating the age-adjusted rates and their 95% confidence interval (CI) for age at diagnosis, SEER areas and race for the year of diagnosis. The percentage change and annual percentage change were examined for trends.


RESULTS
The incidence of testicular cancer is continuing to increase among US males, despite the plateau of the 1990s. Between 1975 and 2004, the age-adjusted incidence rate for males aged 15-49 years increased from 2.9 (1975) to 5.1 (2004) per 100,000. The trends indicated a percentage change of 71.9% and a statistically significant annual percentage change of 1.6% (95%CI 1.3-2.0; P<0.05). Although the incidence of testicular cancer in Blacks remained strikingly low (0.3-1.4 per 100,000), the highest annual percentage change was observed among this group (2.3%, 95%CI 0.8-3.9; P<0.05 for trends). The rates were intermediate among Asians/Pacific Islanders and American Indian and Alaska Natives (0.7-2.9 per 100,000), with a percentage change of 117.3% and a statistically significant annual percentage change of 1.5% (95%CI 0.3-2.7; P<0.05 for trends). The highest rates were reported among Whites (3.2-6.3 per 100,000), with a percentage change of 90.4% and a statistically significant annual percentage change of 2.0% (95%CI 1.6-2.3; P<0.05). The most common age at diagnosis was 30-34 years, while the lowest rates were reported in those aged 15-19 years. Likewise, incidence rates varied by SEER areas, with predominantly White states representing areas associated with the highest reported rates of testicular cancer.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the incidence of testicular cancer continues to plateau in the USA, while racial variance persists. Black males demonstrate the greatest increase in annual percentage change. Further studies are needed to examine the recent increase among Black males and the potential determinants.
What's that abdominal mass?

Mistry A, et al. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2017;0:1–3. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-312905 A woman was admitted for planned induction at 39+5 weeks gestation. This was her third pregnancy. She had two previous children who were fit and well. Antenatal scans showed a fetal intra-abdominal mass measuring 6.2×5.5×7 cm in the lower abdomen, which was compressing the bladder. The mass was thought to be originating from the ovary or the bowel. On postnatal examination, the baby girl had a distended and full abdomen. There was a right-sided abdominal mass palpable above the umbilicus and 3 cm in size. It was firm, smooth and mobile in consistency. She had a normal anus and external female genitalia, with evidence of a prolapsed vagina on crying. She had passed urine and opened her bowels. The baby was kept nil by mouth and on intravenous fluids until the abdominal radiography was performed. The image is shown in figure 1.
Expression of affect in spontaneous speech: Acoustic correlates and automatic detection of irritation and resignation

The majority of previous studies on vocal expression have been conducted on posed expressions. In contrast, we utilized a large corpus of authentic affective speech recorded from real-life voice controlled telephone services. Listeners rated a selection of 200 utterances from this corpus with regard to level of perceived irritation, resignation, neutrality, and emotion intensity. The selected utterances came from 64 different speakers who each provided both neutral and affective stimuli. All utterances were further automatically analyzed regarding a comprehensive set of acoustic measures related to F0, intensity, formants, voice source, and temporal characteristics of speech. Results first showed that several significant acoustic differences were found between utterances classified as neutral and utterances classified as irritated or resigned using a withinpersons design. Second, listeners’ ratings on each scale were associated with several acoustic measures. In general the acoustic correlates of irritation, resignation, and emotion intensity were similar to previous findings obtained with posed expressions, though the effect sizes were smaller for the authentic expressions. Third, automatic classification (using LDA classifiers both with and without speaker adaptation) of irritation, resignation, and neutral performed at a level comparable to human performance, though human listeners and machines did not necessarily classify individual utterances similarly. Fourth, clearly perceived exemplars of irritation and resignation were rare in our corpus. These findings were discussed in relation to future research. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Insulin Resistance Change and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Rwandan Women: A Longitudinal Analysis

BACKGROUND
We longitudinally assessed predictors of insulin resistance (IR) change among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected (ART-initiators and ART-non-initiators) Rwandan women.


METHODOLOGY
HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV-) women provided demographic and clinical measures: age, body mass index (BMI) in Kg/(height in meters)2, Fat-Mass (FMI) and Fat-Free-Mass (FFMI) index, fasting serum glucose and insulin. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) was calculated to estimate IR change over time in log10 transformed HOMA measured at study enrollment or prior to ART initiation in 3 groups: HIV- (n = 194), HIV+ ART-non-initiators (n=95) and HIV+ ART-initiators (n=371). ANCOVA linear regression models of change in log10-HOMA were fit with all models included the first log10 HOMA as a predictor.


RESULTS
Mean±SD log10-HOMA was -0.18±0.39 at the 1st and -0.21±0.41 at the 2nd measure, with mean change of 0.03±0.44. In the final model (all women) BMI at 1st HOMA measure (0.014; 95% CI=0.006-0.021 per kg/m2; p<0.001) and change in BMI from 1st to 2nd measure (0.024; 95% CI=0.013-0.035 per kg/m2; p<0.001) predicted HOMA change. When restricted to subjects with FMI measures, FMI at 1st HOMA measure (0.020; 95% CI=0.010-0.030 per kg/m2; p<0.001) and change in FMI from 1st to 2nd measure (0.032; 95% CI=0.020-0.043 per kg/m2; p<0.0001) predicted change in HOMA. While ART use did not predict change in log10-HOMA, untreated HIV+ women had a significant decline in IR over time. Use or duration of AZT, d4T and EFV was not associated with HOMA change in HIV+ women.


CONCLUSIONS
Baseline BMI and change in BMI, and in particular fat mass and change in fat mass predicted insulin resistance change over ~3 years in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women. Exposure to specific ART (d4T, AZT, EFV) did not predict insulin resistance change in ART-treated HIV-infected Rwandan women.
Individual and collective stock dynamics: intra-day seasonalities

We establish several new stylised facts concerning the intra-day seasonalities of stock dynamics. Beyond the well known U-shaped pattern of the volatility, we find that the average correlation between stocks increases throughout the day, leading to a smaller relative dispersion between stocks. Somewhat paradoxically, the kurtosis (a measure of volatility surprises) reaches a minimum at the open of the market, when the volatility is at its peak. We confirm that the dispersion kurtosis is a markedly decreasing function of the index return. This means that during large market swings, the idiosyncratic component of the stock dynamics becomes sub-dominant. In a nutshell, early hours of trading are dominated by idiosyncratic or sector specific effects with little surprises, whereas the influence of the market factor increases throughout the day, and surprises become more frequent.
Real-time optimal control of plug-in hybrid vehicles with trip preview

The global optimal solutions of energy management of hybrid electric vehicles depend on future driving conditions. This paper investigates a potential real-time methodology to integrate long-horizon preview information for plug-in hybrid vehicles. Equivalent Fuel Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is deployed as an instantaneous real-time minimization strategy with parameters adjusted by estimated future driving conditions and obtained either from Dynamic Programming (DP) or from a global ECMS. The preview information is decomposed into future road terrain stored as in-vehicle 3D maps and future velocity estimated from streaming or historic traffic data. We show that with estimated future information, substantial reduction in fuel use, up to 13% is possible compared with a rule-based control strategy without any preview. Further improvement of fuel consumption on the order of 1% could be achieved with exact future information.
My changed body: breast cancer, body image, distress and self-compassion.

BACKGROUND
Bodily changes after breast cancer treatment can lead to long-term distress. Self-compassion, the ability to be kind to oneself, is an internal resource that may enhance a woman's ability to adjust to cancer-related bodily changes. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that self-compassion mediates the relationship between body image and distress, controlling for alternate plausible mediators.


METHODS
Members of a nationwide breast cancer consumer network were invited to participate. A total of 279 women who had finished active cancer treatment completed the online survey. Assessments included the Body Image Scale; Self-compassion Scale; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and items measuring perceived normative pressure and comfort with one's weight. Possible mediating effects of proposed variables on the body image-distress relationship were assessed.


RESULTS
Tests using a bootstrapping approach with multiple mediators were significant for self-compassion on distress. Body image disturbance was indirectly associated with distress through low self-compassion.


CONCLUSIONS
Body image disturbance and lower self-compassion were associated with increased psychological distress among these breast cancer survivors. This study provides preliminary evidence for a mediating role of self-compassion between body image disturbance and psychological distress, suggesting a potentially protective effect of higher levels of self-compassion for women at risk of experiencing body image disturbance.
Map-supervised road detection

We propose an approach to detect drivable road area in monocular images. It is a self-supervised approach which doesn't require any human road annotations on images to train the road detection algorithm. Our approach reduces human labeling effort and makes training scalable. We combine the best of both supervised and unsupervised methods in our approach. First, we automatically generate training road annotations for images using OpenStreetMap1, vehicle pose estimation sensors, and camera parameters. Next, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for road detection using these annotations. We show that we are able to generate reasonably accurate training annotations in KITTI data-set [1]. We achieve state-of-the-art performance among the methods which do not require human annotation effort.
Foveated Real-Time Ray Tracing for Virtual Reality Headset

Figure 1: (a) Our method with 6.7M triangles Rungholt scene. 55K shaded samples. Inset picture was taken through the lens of the Oculus Rift HMD. (b) Naı̈ve ray tracing. 1M shaded samples. Visual quality in our method is equivalent to the one produced by the naı̈ve method when seen through the HMD. (c) Our foveated sampling pattern and k-NN filtering method. Each cell corresponds to a sampling point. Real-time rendering over 60 fps is achieved with the OpenCLray tracer, running on four RadeonR9 290X GPUs.
Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security

Call for Book Chapters Introduction The history of robotics and artificial intelligence in many ways is also the history of humanity’s attempts to control such technologies. From the Golem of Prague to the military robots of modernity, the debate continues as to what degree of independence such entities should have and how to make sure that they do not turn on us, its inventors. Numerous recent advancements in all aspects of research, development and deployment of intelligent systems are well publicized but safety and security issues related to AI are rarely addressed. This book is proposed to mitigate this fundamental problem. It will be comprised of chapters from leading AI Safety researchers addressing different aspects of the AI control problem as it relates to the development of safe and secure artificial intelligence. The book would be the first textbook to address challenges of constructing safe and secure advanced machine intelligence.
Super-resolution from image sequences-a review

Growing interest in super-resolution (SR) restoration of video sequences and the closely related problem of construction of SR still images from image sequences has led to the emergence of several competing methodologies. We review the state of the art of SR techniques using a taxonomy of existing techniques. We critique these methods and identify areas which promise performance improvements.
Domain-specific keyphrase extraction

Document keyphrases provide semantic metadata characterizing documents and producing an overview of the content of a document. They can be used in many text-mining and knowledge management related applications. This paper describes a Keyphrase Identification Program (KIP), which extracts document keyphrases by using prior positive samples of human identified domain keyphrases to assign weights to the candidate keyphrases. The logic of our algorithm is: the more keywords a candidate keyphrase contains and the more significant these keywords are, the more likely this candidate phrase is a keyphrase. To obtain prior positive inputs, KIP first populates its glossary database using manually identified keyphrases and keywords. It then checks the composition of all noun phrases of a document, looks up the database and calculates scores for all these noun phrases. The ones having higher scores will be extracted as keyphrases.
An ontology-based Enterprise Architecture

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2009.06.073 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 54 279 2195; fax E-mail addresses: dwkang@kt.com (D. Kang), jsr blissray@postech.ac.kr (S. Choi), kskim@postech.ac.kr The Enterprise Architecture refers to a comprehensive description of all of the key elements and relationships that make up an organization [Harmon, P. (2003). Developing an Enterprise Architecture, Business process trends: Whitepaper]. Through the Enterprise Architecture, enterprises can implement enterprise integration to cope with dynamically changing business environment. Existing Enterprise Architectures, however, lack of semantics for humans and systems to understand them exactly and commonly, which causes communication problems between humans or between systems or between human and system. These communication problems keep enterprises from implementing integration and collaborating with other enterprises. In order to solve this problem, the ontology-based Enterprise Architecture is suggested in this paper. The Enterprise Architecture ontology is composed of ontologies in three levels. Ontologies of business terms are in the first level, ontologies of Enterprise Architecture components are in the second level, and ontologies of relationships among Enterprise Architecture components are in the top level. The ontologies of business terms are defined in the approach of the WordNet, and the ontologies of Enterprise Architecture components and relationships of them are defined in the approach of the SBVR. Through these ontologies, it is expected that humans and systems can understand Enterprise Architectures exactly and commonly, which supports integrations in enterprises and collaborations between enterprises. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mental Health Mobile Apps for Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
There are an increasing number of mobile apps available for adolescents with mental health problems and an increasing interest in assimilating mobile health (mHealth) into mental health services. Despite the growing number of apps available, the evidence base for their efficacy is unclear.


OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to systematically appraise the available research evidence on the efficacy and acceptability of mobile apps for mental health in children and adolescents younger than 18 years.


METHODS
The following were systematically searched for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2016: APA PsychNet, ACM Digital Library, Cochrane Library, Community Care Inform-Children, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, and OpenGrey. Abstracts were included if they described mental health apps (targeting depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, self-harm, suicide prevention, conduct disorder, eating disorders and body image issues, schizophrenia, psychosis, and insomnia) for mobile devices and for use by adolescents younger than 18 years.


RESULTS
A total of 24 publications met the inclusion criteria. These described 15 apps, two of which were available to download. Two small randomized trials and one case study failed to demonstrate a significant effect of three apps on intended mental health outcomes. Articles that analyzed the content of six apps for children and adolescents that were available to download established that none had undergone any research evaluation. Feasibility outcomes suggest acceptability of apps was good and app usage was moderate.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, there is currently insufficient research evidence to support the effectiveness of apps for children, preadolescents, and adolescents with mental health problems. Given the number and pace at which mHealth apps are being released on app stores, methodologically robust research studies evaluating their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness is promptly needed.
Obstetric risk factors and pelvic floor dysfunction 20 years after first delivery

Intrapartum events at first delivery and subsequent childbearing are associated with long-term pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Primigravidae delivered between 1983–1986 were identified; current addresses traced through the UK National Health Service database (N = 3002). Women completed screening and Sheffield Pelvic Floor Questionnaires (Sheffield-PAQ ©). Maternity data were obtained from Standard Maternity Information System. Primary outcomes were urinary incontinence (UI), anal incontinence (AI), and prolapse (POP). Primary response was 62.1%; 53.8% (n = 985) had ≥1 PFD symptom and in 71.5% symptoms were bothersome. UI (OR 0.47 95% CI 0.28, 0.81) and fecal incontinence (FI; OR 0.32 95% CI 0.13, 0.77) risks were lower after first delivery by cesarean section (CS). However, 25% had UI and 12% had FI after delivering exclusively by CS. Obesity was a risk factor independent of obstetric history. CS provides incomplete or poorly sustained pelvic floor protection by middle age. Obese women were at highest risk and had the most severe symptoms.