LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Nuove riflessioni su Hannah Arendt e il razzismo americano

Socially Separate, but Politically Equal. Hannah Arendt and American Racism (by Marco Goldoni) - ABSTRACT: Arendt’s Reflections on Little Rock is a brief but intense piece that has often been neglected by scholars. In this paper, Arendt applies her famous analysis of the human condition to the controversial issue of American school segregation. By examining this paper, it is possible to outline the main weaknesses of Arendt’s formal conception of law and to underline the reductionist account she offers of the relation between political equality and racial discrimination. By strictly separating social and political realms, Arendt takes a stance that can be understood as an instantiation of the colour-blind principle. In consequence, Arendt’s reasoning undermines the constitutional legitimacy of Brown v. Board of Education. In spite of her insistence on the importance of education for a political society, Arendt also seems to undervalue the role of the school as the first entrance into the normative world.
Effect of Jin Shin Jyutsu energy medicine treatments on women diagnosed with breast cancer.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 weekly treatments of Jin Shin Jyutsu (JSJ), as practiced by a qualified practitioner, for women diagnosed with breast cancer.


DESIGN
A pretest, posttest exploratory evaluation project design was used. Twenty-nine women provided complete data.


METHOD
Adaptation, social support, activities of daily living, helpfulness of JSJ, and project participation goals were measured by an investigator-developed questionnaire prior to and at the end of the 10 JSJ sessions.


FINDINGS
Nonparametric statistical analyses revealed that at the end of the JSJ sessions, women had higher levels of adaptation and performance of activities of daily living but no difference in satisfaction with social support than at the beginning of project participation. Descriptive analyses indicated that women reported that JSJ was helpful and that their goals had been met. Content analysis of goals revealed that the women wanted to feel better physically and emotionally and to live a fuller life and were seeking balance in life.


CONCLUSIONS
JSJ may be an effective intervention for women with breast cancer. Although the sample size was small and a single practitioner provided treatment, the results indicate that a large-scale evaluation with multiple practitioners is warranted.
Re-thinking and retooling the social marketing mix

This article considers the role of the four Ps marketing mix model in social marketing, arguing that given reconfiguration of the marketing mix in the mainstream marketing discipline, and the characteristics of social marketing, a re-thought and re-tooled social marketing mix is required. A brief review of the four Ps marketing mix model in the mainstream marketing and social marketing fields is presented. Criticisms of the four Ps model are then examined. It is argued that the four Ps marketing mix model is outdated for application to social marketing, and an alternative approach to the social marketing mix is proposed. It is posited that an expanded approach recognizing strategies such as relational thinking, and upstream social marketing activities would offer a more suitable approach. Using a more open minded social marketing mix less reliant on the four Ps model can help guide social marketing research and practice. 2011 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Natural products in drug discovery: Clinical evaluations and investigations

Natural products (NPs) have provided the source for the majority of FDA-approved agents and continue to be one of the major sources of inspiration for future drug discovery. The R&D thrust in the pharmaceutical sector today is focused on development of new drugs, innovative/indigenous processes for known drugs, development of NP-based drugs through investigation of leads obtained from the traditional systems of medicine as well as other resources. Present review describes natural products (NPs), semi-synthetic NPs and NP-derived compounds that have been registered, undergoing registration or in clinical development since 1998 till June 2010 by disease area i.e. infectious (bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral), immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory and related diseases and Oncology. This review also highlights the recently launched natural product-derived drugs, new natural product templates and late-stage development candidates.
Why social sciences are natural, and why they can't

Resumen en: It is argued that there are no fundamental ontological nor epistemological differences between the natural and the social sciences, though the social rea...
Preprocessing of visual speech under real world conditions

In this paper we present recent work on integration of visual information (automatic lipreading) with acoustic speech for better overall speech recognition. We have developed a modular system for exible human-computer interaction via speech. In order to give the speaker reasonable freedom of movement within a room, the speaker's face is automatically acquired and followed by a face tracker subsystem, which delivers constant size, centered images of the face in real time. The image of the lips is automatically extracted from the camera image of the speaker's face by the lip tracker module, which can track the lips in real time. Furthermore, we show how the system deals with problems in real environments such as diierent illuminations and image sizes, and how the system adapts automatically to diierent noise conditions.
EPCBC - A Block Cipher Suitable for Electronic Product Code Encryption

In this paper, we present EPCBC, a lightweight cipher that has 96-bit key size and 48-bit/96-bit block size. This is suitable for Electronic Product Code (EPC) encryption, which uses low-cost passive RFID-tags and exactly 96 bits as a unique identifier on the item level. EPCBC is based on a generalized PRESENT with block size 48 and 96 bits for the main cipher structure and customized key schedule design which provides strong protection against related-key differential attacks, a recent class of powerful attacks on AES. Related-key attacks are especially relevant when a block cipher is used as a hash function. In the course of proving the security of EPCBC, we could leverage on the extensive security analyses of PRESENT, but we also obtain new results on the differential and linear cryptanalysis bounds for the generalized PRESENT when the block size is less than 64 bits, and much tighter bounds otherwise. Further, we analyze the resistance of EPCBC against integral cryptanalysis, statistical saturation attack, slide attack, algebraic attack and the latest higher-order differential cryptanalysis from FSE 2011 [11]. Our proposed cipher would be the most efficient at EPC encryption, since for other ciphers such as AES and PRESENT, it is necessary to encrypt 128-bit blocks (which results in a 33% overhead being incurred). The efficiency of our proposal therefore leads to huge market implications. Another contribution is an optimized implementation of PRESENT that is smaller and faster than previously published results.
Circuit quantum electrodynamics in the ultrastrong-coupling regime

In circuit quantum electrodynamics1–10 (QED), where superconducting artificial atoms are coupled to on-chip cavities, the exploration of fundamental quantum physics in the strongcoupling regime has greatly evolved. In this regime, an atom and a cavity can exchange a photon frequently before coherence is lost. Nevertheless, all experiments so far are well described by the renowned Jaynes–Cummings model11. Here, we report on the first experimental realization of a circuit QED system operating in the ultrastrong-coupling limit12,13, where the atom–cavity coupling rate g reaches a considerable fraction of the cavity transition frequency ωr. Furthermore, we present direct evidence for the breakdown of the Jaynes–Cummings model. We reach remarkable normalized coupling rates g/ωr of up to 12% by enhancing the inductive coupling14 of a flux qubit to a transmission line resonator. Our circuit extends the toolbox of quantum optics on a chip towards exciting explorations of ultrastrong light–matter interaction. At microwave frequencies, strong coupling is feasible because of the enormous design flexibility of superconducting circuit QED systems1,2. Here, small cavity-mode volumes and large dipole moments of artificial atoms15 enable coupling rates g of about16,17 1% of the cavity-mode frequency ωr. Nevertheless, as in other systems18–22, the quantum dynamics of these strongly coupled systems follows the Jaynes–Cummings model, which describes the coherent exchange of a single excitation between the atom and the cavity mode. Although the Hamiltonian of a realistic atom– cavity system contains so-called counter-rotating terms allowing the simultaneous creation or annihilation of an excitation in both, atom and cavity mode, these terms can be safely neglected for small normalized coupling rates g/ωr. However, when g becomes a significant fraction of ωr, the counter-rotating terms are expected to manifest, giving rise to exciting effects in QED. This ultrastrong-coupling regime is difficult to reach in quantum-optical cavity QED (refs 19,20), but was recently realized in a solid-state semiconductor system23,24. There, quantitative deviations from the Jaynes–Cummings model have been observed, but direct experimental proof of its breakdown by means of an unambiguous feature is still missing. In this work, we exploit the potential of flux-based superconducting quantumcircuits to reach the ultrastrong-coupling regime13,14 and show direct evidence of physics beyond the Jaynes–Cummings model. To this end, we use the large nonlinear inductance of a Josephson junction shared between a flux qubit
The effect of acupressure on quality of sleep in Iranian elderly nursing home residents.

INTRODUCTION
Sleep disturbances are very common in elderly people and Traditional Chinese acupressure a noninvasive technique that promotes health and comfort recently has been used in this regard. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of acupressure on a group of institutionalized elders experiencing sleep disturbances.


METHOD
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of acupressure on quality of sleep of elderly residing in a Nursing home. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) questionnaire was used as a screening tool to select 90 residents with moderate to marked sleep disturbances. The elders were randomly assigned to an acupressure group, a sham acupressure group and a control group by Balanced randomization method.


RESULTS
There were significant differences between the acupressure group and the control group in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbance. But no significant differences were found in sleep indices between the sham acupressure group and the control group. Sleep log data showed a significant decrease in nocturnal awakenings in acupressure group compared to other two groups.


CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicated that acupressure has an effect on improvement of sleep quality and endorsed it as a non-pharmacological and complementary therapy for sleep-disturbed elderly people.
The effect of pitching biomechanics on the upper extremity in youth and adolescent baseball pitchers.

BACKGROUND
Increased pitch counts have been linked to increased complaints of shoulder and elbow pain in youth baseball pitchers. Improper pitching mechanics have not been shown to adversely affect the upper extremity in youth pitchers.


HYPOTHESIS
The correct performance of 5 biomechanical pitching parameters correlates with lower humeral internal rotation torque and elbow valgus load, as well as higher pitching efficiency, in youth and adolescent pitchers.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive laboratory study.


METHODS
In sum, 169 baseball pitchers (aged 9-18) were analyzed using a quantitative motion analysis system and a high-speed video while throwing fastballs. The correct performance of 5 common pitching parameters was compared with each pitcher's age, humeral internal rotation torque, elbow valgus load, and calculated pitching efficiency.


RESULTS
Motion analysis correlated with video analysis for all 5 parameters (P < .05). Youth pitchers (aged 9-13) performing 3 or more parameters correctly showed lower humeral internal rotation torque, lower elbow valgus load, and higher pitching efficiency (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Youth pitchers with better pitching mechanics generate lower humeral internal rotation torque, lower elbow valgus load, and more efficiency than do those with improper mechanics. Proper pitching mechanics may help prevent shoulder and elbow injuries in youth pitchers.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The parameters described in this study may be used to improve the pitching mechanics of youth pitchers and possibly reduce shoulder and elbow pain in youth baseball pitchers.
What an Agile Architect Can Learn from a Hurricane Meteorologist

You'll have to read further to find out! There are so many interesting things about this article-it's the first in a series based on presentations from the SATURN conference. My first college degree was in chemistry, so there was an immediate connection for me with this story about chemical abstracts. The author brings us architectural wisdom, combined with an agile point of view and weather forecasting.
Nurse moral distress: A survey identifying predictors and potential interventions.

BACKGROUND
Ethical dilemmas and conflicts are inherent in today's health care organizations and may lead to moral distress, which is often associated with physical and psychological symptoms. Although the existence of moral distress has been observed by scholars for decades, most of the research has been descriptive and has examined what types of health care conflicts lead to distress.


OBJECTIVE
This study tested a comprehensive model, underpinned by Social Cognitive Theory, that examined work environment and intrapersonal variables that may influence moral distress.


DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
We surveyed nursing staff employed in a U.S. acute care hospital (response rate=45%; n=290).


RESULTS
More than half of the respondents reported they experience ethical dilemmas and conflicts from several times a month to daily, and nearly half reported they experience moral distress at least several times a month. Structural equation modeling analysis simultaneously examined the effects of five independent variables on moral distress and moral voice: (a) frequency of ethical dilemmas and conflicts; (b) moral efficacy; (c) ethics communication; (d) ethical environment; and (e) organizational ethics support. Results revealed significant independent effects of the frequency of ethics issues and organizational ethics support on moral distress. Bootstrapping analysis indicated that voice fully mediated the relationship between moral efficacy and moral distress, and partially mediated the relationship between organizational ethics support and distress. Supplemental analysis revealed that organizational ethics support moderated the moral efficacy-voice-moral distress relationship such that when organizational support was low, moral efficacy was negatively related to moral distress via voice.


CONCLUSIONS
Although it may be impossible to eliminate all ethical dilemmas and conflicts, leaders and organizations may wish to help improve nurses' moral efficacy, which appears to give rise to voice, and reduced moral distress. Increasing organizational ethics support may be a key approach.
Simulation Studies in Optimistic Bayesian Sampling in Contextual-Bandit Problems

This technical report accompanies the article “Optimistic Bayesian Sampling in Contextual-Bandit Problems” by B.C. May, N. Korda, A. Lee, and D.S. Leslie [3].
Effect of an integrated community-based package for maternal and newborn care on feeding patterns during the first 12 weeks of life: a cluster-randomized trial in a South African township.

OBJECTIVE
To analyse the effect of community-based counselling on feeding patterns during the first 12 weeks after birth, and to study whether the effect differs by maternal HIV status, educational level or household wealth.


DESIGN
Cluster-randomized trial with fifteen clusters in each arm to evaluate an integrated package providing two pregnancy and five postnatal home visits delivered by community health workers. Infant feeding data were collected using 24 h recall of nineteen food and fluid items.


SETTING
A township near Durban, South Africa.


SUBJECTS
Pregnant women (1894 intervention and 2243 control) aged 17 years or more.


RESULTS
Twelve weeks after birth, 1629 (intervention) and 1865 (control) mother-infant pairs were available for analysis. Socio-economic conditions differed slightly across intervention groups, which were considered in the analyses. There was no effect on early initiation of breast-feeding. At 12 weeks of age the intervention doubled exclusive breast-feeding (OR=2·29; 95 % CI 1·80, 2·92), increased exclusive formula-feeding (OR=1·70; 95 % CI 1·28, 2·27), increased predominant breast-feeding (OR=1·71; 95 % CI 1·34, 2·19), decreased mixed formula-feeding (OR=0·68; 95 % CI 0·55, 0·83) and decreased mixed breast-feeding (OR=0·54; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·67). The effect on exclusive breast-feeding at 12 weeks was stronger among HIV-negative mothers than HIV-positive mothers (P=0·01), while the effect on mixed formula-feeding was significant only among HIV-positive mothers (P=0·03). The effect on exclusive feeding was not different by household wealth or maternal education levels.


CONCLUSIONS
A perinatal intervention package delivered by community health workers was effective in increasing exclusive breast-feeding, exclusive formula-feeding and decreasing mixed feeding.
Energy-Efficient Train Tracking Operation Based on Multiple Optimization Models

This paper studies the energy-efficient operation problem of two trains operating along the same line consecutively in urban trail transit (URT). In URT, a moving block signaling (MBS) system is utilized in which the following train's tracking target point is moving forward continuously with the leading train's running. In this case, the following train may be influenced by the leading train's exceptional situations, leading to energy wasting and arrival time delay. In order to reduce energy consumption and arrival delay for the following train, a multiple-optimization-model-based energy-efficient operation method is proposed and verified in this paper. The novelty of this paper lies on the establishment of a novel multiple-model-based switching optimization framework to reduce energy consumption while guaranteeing the punctuality during train tracking operation. More specifically, the operation status of the leading train is combined into the operation optimization for the following train, based on which eight energy-efficient tracking scenarios are discovered and classified into four optimization problems. Then, a general form of running phase sequence is designed to describe the energy-efficient train tracking operation strategy, and a new energy consumption function is proposed. Based on these, the four optimization problems are built into small-scale nonlinear programming models, which are computationally inexpensive and easy for online implementation. During the tracking process, the following train can obtain the energy-efficient strategies through switching among these four optimization models. In this framework, the following train is able to arrive at the next station by the fastest arrival time with lower energy consumption even when the arrival time is delayed by the leading train. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method.
Enhancing Visual Perception and Motor Accuracy among School Children through a Mindfulness and Compassion Program

The present study assessed the effects of the mindfulness/compassion cultivating program: "Call to Care-Israel" on the performance in visual perception (VP) and motor accuracy, as well as on anxiety levels and self-reported mindfulness among 4th and 5th grade students. One hundred and thirty-eight children participated in the program for 24 weekly sessions, while 78 children served as controls. Repeated measures ANOVA's yielded significant interactions between time of measurement and group for VP, motor accuracy, reported mindfulness, and anxiety. Post hoc tests revealed significant improvements in the four aforementioned measures in the experimental group only. In addition, significant correlations were obtained between the improvement in motor accuracy and the reduction in anxiety and the increase in mindfulness. Since VP and motor accuracy are basic skills associated with quantifiable academic characteristics, such as reading and mathematical abilities, the results may suggest that mindfulness practice has the ability to improve academic achievements.
Understanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization

Recent years have produced great advances in training large, deep neural networks (DNNs), including notable successes in training convolutional neural networks (convnets) to recognize natural images. However, our understanding of how these models work, especially what computations they perform at intermediate layers, has lagged behind. Progress in the field will be further accelerated by the development of better tools for visualizing and interpreting neural nets. We introduce two such tools here. The first is a tool that visualizes the activations produced on each layer of a trained convnet as it processes an image or video (e.g. a live webcam stream). We have found that looking at live activations that change in response to user input helps build valuable intuitions about how convnets work. The second tool enables visualizing features at each layer of a DNN via regularized optimization in image space. Because previous versions of this idea produced less recognizable images, here we introduce several new regularization methods that combine to produce qualitatively clearer, more interpretable visualizations. Both tools are open source and work on a pretrained convnet with minimal setup. Published in the Deep Learning Workshop, 31 st International Conference on Machine Learning, Lille, France, 2015. Copyright 2015 by the author(s).