LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Twist in Gastric Carcinoma Associated with Tumor Invasion and Poor Prognosis

Tumor invasion and metastasis are the most common causes of death in gastric carcinoma. Twist, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix class, reportedly regulates cancer metastasis and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We evaluated the expression of Twist and its effect on cell migration in gastric carcinoma (GC). Twist expression was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in gastric tumor tissue, metastatic lymph nodes and normal gastric tissue from 47 gastric carcinoma patients who had undergone gastrectomies with radical lymph node dissections without preoperative treatment. Twist expression was also analyzed immunohistochemically in 436 gastric cancer cases. GC tumor tissue and metastatic lymph nodes was upregulated compared with normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). Twist protein expression differed significantly among gastric tumor tissue, matched normal gastric mucosa, and lymph nodes (P < 0.05) In stages I, II, and III, 5-year survival rates of patients with high Twist expression were significantly lower than in patients with low expression (P < 0.05). In stage IV, Twist expression did not correlate with 5-year survival rates (P = 0.07). Further multivariate analysis suggested that depth of invasion, lymph-node and distant metastases, TNM stage, and up-regulation of TWIST were independent prognostic indicators for GC. Twist expression in gastric cancer is associated significantly with lymph-node and distant metastases, and poor prognosis. Twist may be a useful marker for the development, progression and metastasis of GC.
Physiological and morphological responses to flooding with fresh or saline water in Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas L. has recently drawn the attention of the international research community due to its potential as a biodiesel crop. Although Jatropha is relatively tolerant to drought and salinity, poorly drained production areas have suffered increasing problems associated with flooding by saline water. Since the combined effects of flooding and salinity stress are not known, the objective in this work was to investigate physiological and morphological responses of J. curcas plants to flooding by fresh water or salt water. Plant growth, leaf water relations, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, carbohydrate and organic solutes, and leaf mineral nutrients were determined in three month-old plants exposed to flooding for 10 days with water containing 0, 150 or 300 mM NaCl. Flooding decreased shoot and root growth but there were no significant difference between 0 and 300 mM NaCl treatments. In 0 mM NaCl flooded plants, leaves suffered dehydration as relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential ( w) decreased progressively resulting in decreased leaf turgor potential ( P). In 300 mM NaCl flooded plants, however, w remained high as leaf osmotic potential ( ) decreased and P increased. Increased leaf Cl− and Na+ concentration enabled this osmotic adjustment avoiding leaf dehydration but toxic values were reached in leaves. Leaf gas exchange parameters [net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2 ), stomatal conductance (gs)] and quantum efficiency of PSII ( ̊PSII) were reduced similarly by flooding but internal CO2 concentration was highest in the 300 mM NaCl treatment. Soluble sugars and starch was reduced in leaves and roots, and leaf Ca, Mg and P concentration was increased in plants under flooding. J. curcas plants are sensitive to flooding condition regardless of the level of salinity confirming their salinity tolerance even under flooded conditions. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
5.8 GHz high sensitivity rectenna array

This paper presents the 5.8 GHz high sensitivity rectenna array with advanced microstrip-type rectifiers and circularly patch antennas achieving a good balance between a high-efficiency and RF weak power operation. The fabricated rectenna element has achieved RF-DC conversion efficiency of 54% at input RF power of 1mW. Furthermore, we have proposed the novel structure which enhances robustness to the breakdown of the diodes when the rectenna elements are arrayed.
Beneficial effect of early initiation of lipid-lowering therapy following renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND
Renal transplant recipients have a significantly reduced life expectancy, largely due to premature cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current analysis was to investigate the importance of time of initiation of therapy after transplantation, on the benefits of statin therapy.


METHODS
2102 renal transplant recipients with total cholesterol levels of 4.0-9.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to treatment with fluvastatin (n = 1050) or placebo (n = 1052) and followed for a mean time of 5.1 years. The end-points were major cardiac events. The average median time from transplantation to randomization was 4.5 years (range: 0.5-29 years).


RESULTS
In patients starting treatment with fluvastatin <4.5 years after renal transplantation, the incidence of cardiac events was 4.6% over 5.1 years vs 9.2% in those on placebo (P = 0.007). Fluvastatin significantly reduced the risk of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction by 56% [risk ratio (RR): 0.44; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26-0.74; P = 0.002]. In a more detailed analysis patients were grouped into 2-year intervals (since the last transplantation). The frequency of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction was reduced by 3.2%, 5.1%, 9.6% and 8.2% with fluvastatin treatment as compared to 6%, 10.4%, 13.4% and 9.6% with placebo when treatment was initiated at 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and >6 years, respectively. The risk reduction for patients initiating therapy with fluvastatin at years 0-2 (compared with >6 years) following transplantation was 59% (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18-0.92; P = 0.0328). This is also reflected in total time on renal replacement therapy: in patients in the first quartile (<47 months) fluvastatin use was associated with a risk reduction of 64% compared with 19% for patients in the fourth quartile (>120 months) (P = 0.033).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data support an early introduction of fluvastatin therapy in a population of transplant recipients at high risk of premature coronary heart disease.
Energetics of neutrinos in neutron stars

I review our proof that long range forces induced by the exchange of massless neutrino-antineutrino pairs do not affect the stability of neutron stars.
Late complications of circumcision in Iran

Today, circumcision is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. Early and late complications may occur due to circumcision. To find the prevalence of late complications of circumcision, we studied 3,205 elementary-school boys aged 6–12 years in 2002. All of them were Iranian and Muslim. Nearly 3,125 of the boys have been circumcised. Most of the boys (2,214 boys) had been circumcised after 2 years of age. Moreover, most of them were operated by traditional circumcisers (43.49%). Late complications (7.39%) were reported in 231 boys. Excessive residual foreskin was seen in 113 children (3.6%). Excessive removal of skin was detected in 42 boys (1.3%), meatal stenosis in 29 boys (0.9%), granoloma in 22 boys (0.7%), penile rotation in 17 boys (0.5%), and 8 boys had secondary chordee (0.2%). The complication rate was not different between the neonatal circumcision and older groups. We suggested that circumcision should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained specialists.
Validation of diagnostic criteria for apathy in Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND
Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in Parkinson's Disease (PD) that affects quality of life. Research into apathy has been hampered by a lack of broadly accepted diagnostic criteria. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy in neuropsychiatric disorders have been proposed, which to date have not been validated in PD.


AIM
To validate the proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in PD.


DESIGN AND METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, outpatients with PD visiting a movement disorders clinic underwent a protocolized assessment of motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), cognition and mood. In addition, the diagnostic criteria for apathy were administered as well as two apathy rating instruments: the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) and the apathy section of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).


RESULTS
Of the included patients 17.2% were diagnosed with apathy according to the criteria. Acceptability and internal consistency of the criteria was good, as was the concurrent validity with the LARS and apathy section of the NPI. Discriminant validity of the criteria with depression was moderate to good. All domains of criterion B (behavior, cognition, emotion) contributed to the diagnosis of apathy, of which reduced goal-directed behavior was the most frequently observed symptom.


CONCLUSION
The recently proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy are useful in clinical practice and in research with PD patients with and without cognitive impairment.
Inverse kinematics, fixation and grasping using conformal geometric algebra

In this paper the authors introduce the conformal geometric algebra in the field of visually guided robotics. As opposite to the standard projective geometry, we can deal simultaneously with incidence algebra operations and conformal transformations. As a result this framework appears promising for dealing with kinematics, dynamics and projective geometry problems without the need to abandon the mathematical system (as current approaches). Using this framework the authors compute the inverse kinematics of a robot arm and a pan-tilt unit and solve a problem of visually guided grasping.
A single preoperative dose of diclofenac reduces the intensity of acute postcraniotomy headache and decreases analgesic requirements over five postoperative days in adults: A single center, randomized, blinded trial

OBJECTIVE
Postcraniotomy headache causes considerable pain and can be difficult to treat. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a single 100-mg preoperative dose of diclofenac reduces the intensity of postcraniotomy headache, and reduces analgesic requirements.


METHODS
200 patients having elective craniotomies were randomly assigned to diclofenac (n = 100) or control (n = 100). Pain severity was assessed by an independent observer using a 10-cm-long visual analog scale the evening of surgery, and on the 1st and 5th postoperative days. Analgesics given during the first five postoperative days were converted to intramuscular morphine equivalents. Results were compared using Mann-Whitney-tests; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Baseline and surgical characteristics were comparable in the diclofenac and control groups. Visual analog pain scores were slightly, but significantly lower with diclofenac at all times (means and 95% confidence intervals): the evening of surgery, 2.47 (1.8-3.1) vs. 4. 37 (5.0-3.7), (P < 0.001); first postoperative day, 3.98 (3.4-4.6) vs. 5.6 (4.9-6.2) cm (P < 0.001) and 5th postoperative day: 2.8 (2.2-3.4) vs. 4.0 ± (3.3-4.7) cm (P = 0.013). Diclofenac reduced systemic analgesic requirements over the initial five postoperative days (mean and 95% CI): 3.3 (2.6-3.9) vs. 4.3 (3.5-5.1) mg morphine equivalents (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative diclofenac administration reduces postcraniotomy headache and postoperative analgesic requirements - a benefit that persisted throughout five postoperative days.
The effects of two therapeutic patellofemoral taping techniques on strength, endurance, and pain responses.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of taping techniques on clinical measures in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients.


DESIGN
Crossover experimental design.


SETTING
Controlled laboratory.


PARTICIPANTS
Twenty physically active PFPS patients.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Isokinetic strength and endurance, and perceived pain.


RESULTS
Bilateral baseline differences existed for strength (involved = 1.8 ± 0.5 Nm/kg; uninvolved = 2.1 ± 0.5 Nm/kg; p = 0.001) and endurance (involved = 35.6 ± 14.0 J/kg; uninvolved = 40.2 ± 12.9 J/kg; p = 0.013). Strength (McConnell = 2.1 ± 0.6 Nm/kg, 95% SCI = (1.1, 4.2); Spider(®) = 2.1 ± 0.5 Nm/kg, 95% SCI = (0.9, 4.0)) and endurance (McConnell = 42.9 ± 13.8 J/kg, 95% SCI = (2.9, 11.6); Spider(®) = 42.5 ± 11.0 J/kg, 95% SCI = (2.6, -11.3)) increased when taped compared to baseline. Pain decreased during strength (baseline = 3.0 ± 2.2 cm; McConnell = 1.9 ± 1.7 cm, 95% SCI = (-1.8, -0.4); Spider(®) = 1.6 ± 2.0 cm, 95% SCI = (-2.0, -0.5)) and endurance (baseline = 2.5 ± 2.0 cm; McConnell = 1.5 ± 1.8 cm, 95% SCI = (-1.6, -0.4); Spider(®) = 1.1 ± 0.8 cm, 95% SCI = (-1.7, -0.5)) measurements when taped. Differences between taping techniques were insignificant.


CONCLUSIONS
Taping improved clinical measures in PFPS patients. No differences existed between Spider(®) and McConnell techniques.
Effects of eythropoietin administration on mitral regurgitation and left ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients.

The effects of erythropoietin administration on mitral regurgitation in patients with congestive heart failure have not yet been examined. After 2 months, erythropoietin treatment results in a significant reduction in left ventricular volumes and mitral regurgitation severity and improves hemodynamics.
The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England

Confessing to "Familiarity with the Devils," Mary Johnson, a servant, was executed by Connecticut officials in 1648. A wealthy Boston widow, Ann Hibbens, was hanged in 1656 for casting spells on her neighbors. In 1662, Ann Cole was "taken with very strange Fits" and fueled an outbreak of witchcraft accusations in Hartford a generation before the notorious events in Salem took place. More than three hundred years later the question still haunts us: Why were these and other women likely witches? Why were they vulnerable to accusations of witchcraft? In this work Carol Karlsen reveals the social construction of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England and illuminates the larger contours of gender relations in that society.
Blind Massive MIMO Base Stations: Downlink Transmission and Jamming

Massive  (Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output) is a wireless technology which aims to serve several different devices simultaneously in the same frequency band through spatial multiplexing, made possible by using a large number of antennas at the base station. e many antennas facilitates efficient beamforming, based on channel estimates acquired from uplink reference signals, which allows the base station to transmit signals exactly where they are needed. e multiplexing together with the array gain from the beamforming can increase the spectral efficiency over contemporary systems. One challenge of practical importance is how to transmit data in the downlink when no channel state information is available. When a device initially joins the network, prior to transmiing uplink reference signals that enable beamforming, it needs system information—instructions on how to properly function within the network. It is transmission of system information that is the main focus of this thesis. In particular, the thesis analyzes how the reliability of the transmission of system information depends on the available amount of diversity. It is shown how downlink reference signals, space-time block codes, and power allocation can be used to improve the reliability of this transmission. In order to estimate the uplink and downlink channels from uplink reference signals, which is imperative to ensure scalability in the number of base station antennas, massive  relies on channel reciprocity. is thesis shows that the principles of channel reciprocity can also be exploited by a jammer, a malicious transmier, aiming to disrupt legitimate communication between two devices. A heuristic scheme is proposed in which the jammer estimates the channel to a target device blindly, without any knowledge of the transmied legitimate signals, and subsequently beamforms noise towards the target. Under the same power constraint, the proposed jammer can disrupt the legitimate link more effectively than a conventional omnidirectional jammer in many cases.
Flexural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars

This paper presents the results of flexural test of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP and conventional steel reinforcement for comparison. The beams were tested under a static load to examine the effects of the reinforcement ratio and compressive strength of concrete on cracking, deflection, ultimate capacity, and modes of failure. The test results showed that the ultimate capacity of the GFRP-reinforced beams increased with increasing reinforcement ratio and concrete strength, showing a 41.3〜51.6% increase compared to steel reinforced beams. The deflections at maximum loads of the GFRP reinforced beams were 4.1〜6.3 times higher that of steel reinforced beams. The measured deflections of GFRP reinforced beams decreased approximately 31% compared to the theoretical predictions because the theoretical flexural stiffness was underestimated at the maximum loads. For the GFRP-reinforced beams, the ACI code 440 design method resulted in conservative flexural strength estimates.
The endocannabinoid system and pain.

The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids has been the topic of extensive investigation following the discovery of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands. Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands are present at supraspinal, spinal and peripheral levels. Cannabinoids suppress behavioral responses to noxious stimulation and suppress nociceptive processing through activation of cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor subtypes. Endocannabinoids, the brain's own cannabis-like substances, share the same molecular target as Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component in cannabis. Endocannabinoids serve as synaptic circuit breakers and regulate multiple physiological and pathological conditions, e.g. regulation of food intake, immunomodulation, inflammation, analgesia, cancer, addictive behavior, epilepsy and others. This review will focus on uncovering the roles of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the two best characterized endocannabinoids identified to date, in controlling nociceptive responding. The roles of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, released under physiological conditions, in modulating nociceptive responding at different levels of the neuraxis will be emphasized in this review. Effects of modulation of endocannabinoid levels through inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis and uptake is also compared with effects of exogenous administration of synthetic endocannabinoids in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Finally, the therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid signaling system is discussed in the context of identifying novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of pain.
Plaque removal efficacy of an advanced rotation-oscillation power toothbrush versus a new sonic toothbrush.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the plaque removal efficacy and safety of an advanced rotation-oscillation power toothbrush relative to a newly-introduced sonic toothbrush.


METHODS
This study used a randomized, examiner-blind, two-treatment, four-period, four-sequence crossover design. Subjects received both toothbrushes (Oral-B Triumph and Sonicare FlexCare) and a standard dentifrice from the study site and used each toothbrush at home during an acclimation phase prior to their plaque measurement visits. After abstaining from all oral hygiene for 24 hours, subjects returned to the study site and were assessed with the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index. They then brushed for 2 minutes with their first randomly-assigned toothbrush and post-brushing plaque scores were recorded. This procedure was followed for three additional study visits, with subjects using their normal at-home toothbrush and dentifrice for the 2- to 5-day washout periods between visits. Subjects always abstained from all oral hygiene for 24 hours prior to their visits.


RESULTS
45 subjects completed the study. Both brushes were found to be safe and both significantly reduced plaque after a single brushing. Oral-B Triumph was statistically significantly (P < 0.0001) more effective in plaque removal than Sonicare FlexCare for whole mouth plaque scores, gingival marginal plaque scores and interproximal plaque scores. Compared to Sonicare FlexCare, the adjusted mean plaque reduction scores for Oral-B Triumph were 21%, 23% and 22% greater for whole mouth, marginal and interproximal areas, respectively.
Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Glacial geological evidence from throughout the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen is examined to determine the timing and extent of late Quaternary glaciation in this region and its relation to similar changes on a global scale. The evidence summarised here supports the existence of expanded ice caps and extensive valley glacier systems throughout the region during the late Quaternary. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the timing of the extent of maximum glaciation was synchronous throughout the entire region or whether the responsewasmore varied. The lack of organic material needed for radiocarbon dating has hindered past progress in glacial reconstruction; however, application of optically stimulated luminescence and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclidemethods has recently expanded the number of chronologies throughout the region. Limits to the precision and accuracy available with these methods and, more importantly, geological uncertainty imposed by processes of moraine formation and alteration both conspire to limit the time resolution on which correlations can be made to Milankovitch timescales (several ka). In order to put all studies on a common scale, well-dated sites have been re-evaluated and all the published terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ages for moraine boulders and glacially eroded surfaces in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen have been recalculated. Locally detailed studies indicate that there are considerable variations in the extent of glaciation from one region to the next during a glaciation. Glaciers throughout monsoon-influenced Tibet, the Himalaya and the Transhimalaya are likely synchronous both with climate change resulting from oscillations in the South Asian monsoon and with Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. In contrast, glaciers in Pamir in the far western regions of the Himalayan–Tibet orogen advanced asynchronously relative to the other regions that are monsooninfluenced regions and appear to be mainly in phase with the Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. Broad patterns of local and regional variability based on equilibrium-line altitudes have yet to be fully assessed, but have the potential to help define changes in climatic gradients over time. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.