LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Turbofan engine control design using robust multivariable control technologies

A unified robust multivariable approach to propulsion control design has recently been developed at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC). The critical elements of this unified approach are 1) a robust H-infinity control synthesis formulation; 2) a simplified controller scheduling scheme; and 3) a new approach to the synthesis of integrator windup protection gains for multivariable controllers. This paper presents results from an application of these technologies to control design for linear models of an advanced turbofan engine. The objectives of the study were to transfer technology to industry and to identify areas of further development for the technology to be applied by industry to the design of practical controllers for high-performance turbofan engines. The technology elements and industrial development of tools to implement the steps are described with respect to their application to a GE variable-cycle turbofan engine. A set of three-input/three-output three-state linear engine models was used over a range of power levels covering engine operation from idle to maximum unaugmented power. Results from simulation evaluation of controller design, controller order reduction, controller scheduling, and integrator windup protection design are discussed and insight is provided into how the design parameter choices affect the results.
An open-source radio coverage prediction tool

The cellular concept applied in mobile communication systems enables significant increase of overall system capacity, but requires careful radio network planning and dimensioning. Wireless and mobile network operators typically rely on various commercial radio network planning and dimensioning tools, which incorporate different radio signal propagation models. In this paper we present the use of open-source Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) for the calculation of radio signal coverage. We developed GRASS modules for radio coverage prediction for a number of different radio channel models, with antenna radiation patterns given in the standard MSI format. The results are stored in a data base (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL) for further processing and in a simplified form as a bit-map file for displaying in GRASS. The accuracy of prediction was confirmed by comparison with results obtained by a dedicated professional prediction tool as well as with measurement results. Key-Words: network planning tool, open-source, GRASS GIS, path loss, raster, clutter, radio signal coverage
Generalized parallel-perspective stereo mosaics from airborne video

In this paper, we present a new method for automatically and efficiently generating stereoscopic mosaics by seamless registration of images collected by a video camera mounted on an airborne platform. Using a parallel-perspective representation, a pair of geometrically registered stereo mosaics can be precisely constructed under quite general motion. A novel parallel ray interpolation for stereo mosaicing (PRISM) approach is proposed to make stereo mosaics seamless in the presence of obvious motion parallax and for rather arbitrary scenes. Parallel-perspective stereo mosaics generated with the PRISM method have better depth resolution than perspective stereo due to the adaptive baseline geometry. Moreover, unlike previous results showing that parallel-perspective stereo has a constant depth error, we conclude that the depth estimation error of stereo mosaics is in fact a linear function of the absolute depths of a scene. Experimental results on long video sequences are given.
Introduction to Low x Physics and Saturation

The idea of saturation of parton densities in small x physics is briefly introduced. Some aspects of saturation are described, mainly focusing on the status of our knowledge on the non-linear equations describing the high parton density regime. Implications of saturation ideas on the description of nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are discussed.
Physical Layer and Medium Access Control Design in Energy Efficient Sensor Networks: An Overview

It is now well expected that low-power sensor networks will soon be deployed for a wide variety of applications. These networks could potentially have millions of nodes spread in complex indoor/outdoor environments. One of the major deployment challenges under such diverse communication environments is providing reliable communication links to those low cost and/or battery-powered sensor nodes. Over the past few years, research in physical (PHY)-layer has demonstrated promising progresses on link reliability and energy efficiency. In modern medium access control (MAC) design, energy efficiency has become one of the key requirements and is still a hot research topic. In this overview, we provide a broad view encompassing both PHY- and MAC-layer techniques in the field of sensor networks with a focus on link reliability and energy efficiency. We review work in systems employing various PHY techniques in spatial diversity, energy efficient modulation, packet recovery, and data fusion, as well as MAC protocols in contention-based duty cycling, contention-free duty cycling, and hybrid duty cycling. The latest developments in cross-layer MAC designs that leverage PHY-layer techniques are presented. We also provide a synopsis of recent development and evolution of sensor network applications in industrial communications.
Symptoms and risk factors to identify men with suspected cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of an algorithm.

BACKGROUND
Early diagnosis of cancer could improve survival so better tools are needed.


AIM
To derive an algorithm to estimate absolute risks of different types of cancer in men incorporating multiple symptoms and risk factors.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Cohort study using data from 452 UK QResearch® general practices for development and 224 for validation.


METHOD
Included patients were males aged 25-89 years. The primary outcome was incident diagnosis of cancer over the next 2 years (lung, colorectal, gastro-oesophageal, pancreatic, renal, blood, prostate, testicular, other cancer). Factors examined were: 'red flag' symptoms such as weight loss, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, indigestion, dysphagia, abnormal bleeding, lumps; general symptoms such as tiredness, constipation; and risk factors including age, family history, smoking, alcohol intake, deprivation score and medical conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to develop a risk equation to predict cancer type. Performance was tested on a separate validation cohort.


RESULTS
There were 22 521 cancers from 1 263 071 males in the derivation cohort. The final model included risk factors (age, BMI, chronic pancreatitis, COPD, diabetes, family history, alcohol, smoking, deprivation); 22 symptoms, anaemia and venous thrombo-embolism. The model was well calibrated with good discrimination. The receiver operator curve statistics values were: lung (0.92), colorectal (0.92), gastro-oesophageal (0.93), pancreas (0.89), renal (0.94), prostate (0.90) blood (0.83, testis (0.82); other cancers (0.86). The 10% of males with the highest risks contained 59% of all cancers diagnosed over 2 years.


CONCLUSION
The algorithm has good discrimination and could be used to identify those at highest risk of cancer to facilitate more timely referral and investigation.
Deep Sliding Shapes for Amodal 3D Object Detection in RGB-D Images

We focus on the task of amodal 3D object detection in RGB-D images, which aims to produce a 3D bounding box of an object in metric form at its full extent. We introduce Deep Sliding Shapes, a 3D ConvNet formulation that takes a 3D volumetric scene from a RGB-D image as input and outputs 3D object bounding boxes. In our approach, we propose the first 3D Region Proposal Network (RPN) to learn objectness from geometric shapes and the first joint Object Recognition Network (ORN) to extract geometric features in 3D and color features in 2D. In particular, we handle objects of various sizes by training an amodal RPN at two different scales and an ORN to regress 3D bounding boxes. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art by 13.8 in mAP and is 200× faster than the original Sliding Shapes.
Translation and validation of the EORTC brain cancer module ( EORTC QLQ-BN 20 ) for use in Iran

Background: The aim of this study was to translate the EORTC quality of life questionnaire for brain cancer, the QLQ-BN20, into Persian, and to evaluate its psychometric properties when used among brain cancer patients in Iran. Methods: A standard backward and forward translation procedure was used to generate the Persian language version of the QLQ-BN20. The QLQ-BN20 was administered together with the QLQ-C30 to 194 patients diagnosed with primary brain cancer. Multitrait scaling and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the hypothesized scale structure of the questionnaire. Internal consistency reliability was estimated with Cronbach’s alpha. The ability of the QLQ-BN20 to distinguish between patient subgroups formed on the basis of performance status and cognitive status was evaluated, as was the responsiveness of the questionnaire to changes in performance status over time. Results: Multitrait scaling and CFA results confirmed the hypothesized scale structure. The measurement model was consistent across men and women. Internal consistency reliability of the multi-item scales ranged from 0.74 to 0.89. The QLQ-BN20 distinguished clearly between patients with relatively good versus poor performance and cognitive status, and changes in scores over time reflected changes observed in performance status ratings. Conclusions: These results support the validity and reliability of the QLQ-BN20 for use among Iranian patients diagnosed with primary brain cancer. Future studies should examine the psychometrics of the questionnaire when used in patients with brain metastasis.
Associations between initial water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use and subsequent cigarette smoking: results from a longitudinal study of US adolescents and young adults.

IMPORTANCE
Many adolescents and young adults use alternative tobacco products, such as water pipes and snus, instead of cigarettes.


OBJECTIVE
To assess whether prior water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use among never smokers are risk factors for subsequent cigarette smoking.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a 2-wave national longitudinal study in the United States among 2541 individuals aged 15 to 23 years old. At baseline (October 25, 2010, through June 11, 2011), we ascertained whether respondents had smoked cigarettes, smoked water pipe tobacco, or used snus. At the 2-year follow-up (October 27, 2012, through March 31, 2013), we determined whether baseline non-cigarette smokers had subsequently tried cigarette smoking, were current (past 30 days) cigarette smokers, or were high-intensity cigarette smokers. We fit multivariable logistic regression models among baseline non-cigarette smokers to assess whether baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and baseline snus use were associated with subsequent cigarette smoking initiation and current cigarette smoking, accounting for established sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. We fit similarly specified multivariable ordinal logistic regression models to assess whether baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and baseline snus use were associated with high-intensity cigarette smoking at follow-up.


EXPOSURES
Water pipe tobacco smoking and the use of snus at baseline.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Among baseline non-cigarette smokers, cigarette smoking initiation, current (past 30 days) cigarette smoking at follow-up, and the intensity of cigarette smoking at follow-up.


RESULTS
Among 1596 respondents, 1048 had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, of whom 71 had smoked water pipe tobacco and 20 had used snus at baseline. At follow-up, accounting for behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors, baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use were independently associated with cigarette smoking initiation (adjusted odds ratios: 2.56; 95% CI, 1.46-4.47 and 3.73; 95% CI, 1.43-9.76, respectively), current cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratios: 2.48; 95% CI, 1.01-6.06 and 6.19; 95% CI, 1.86-20.56, respectively), and higher intensity of cigarette smoking (adjusted proportional odds ratios: 2.55; 95% CI, 1.48-4.38 and 4.45; 95% CI, 1.75-11.27, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Water pipe tobacco smoking and the use of snus independently predicted the onset of cigarette smoking and current cigarette smoking at follow-up. Comprehensive Food and Drug Administration regulation of these tobacco products may limit their appeal to youth and curb the onset of cigarette smoking.
Mini-implant anchorage for en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical cephalometric study.

INTRODUCTION
This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of mini-implants as intraoral anchorage units for en-masse retraction of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth when the first premolars are extracted compared with conventional methods of anchorage reinforcement.


METHODS
Thirty patients requiring high anchorage after extraction of the maxillary first premolars were selected for this study. They were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. In the first group (G1), mini-implants were used for en-masse retraction; in the second group (G2), conventional methods of anchorage preservation were followed. Horizontal, vertical, and angular positions of the maxillary first molar and central incisor were evaluated cephalometrically before and after orthodontic retraction.


RESULTS
The maxillary first molars in the G1 patients showed net distal movement of 0.55 mm, and mesial movement of 1.95 mm was found in G2. The differences were statistically significant. Distal tipping of the first molar of -0.13 degrees+/-3.63 degrees was seen in G1, and mesial tipping of 3.7 degrees+/-3.9 degrees was observed in G2. No significant differences were found in the rates of incisor retraction between the 2 groups. However, G1 showed more than 2 mm of incisor intrusion; this was statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Mini-implants are efficient for intraoral anchorage reinforcement for en-masse retraction and intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth. No anchorage loss was seen in either the horizontal or the vertical direction in G1 when compared with G2. However, a statistically significant decrease in intermolar width was noted in G1.
A new model of integrated primary-secondary care for complex diabetes in the community: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
A new model of complex diabetes care is provided by a multidisciplinary team which incorporates general practitioner (GP) Clinical Fellows supported by an Endocrinologist and diabetes educator within a community-based general practice setting. This study evaluates the health and clinical benefits of the new model of care, assesses the acceptability of the model to patients, GPs and other health professionals, and examines the cost-effectiveness of the model.


METHODS/DESIGN
The study is an open, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with data collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Participants are identified from new patients on hospital-based diabetes outpatient clinic waiting lists and new GP referrals. Eligible consenting patients are randomised to either a community practice site (intervention) or a hospital site (usual care). In the intervention model, medical care is led by a GP Clinical Fellow in partnership with an Endocrinologist. Quantitative measures include clinical indicators with HbA1c as the primary outcome; patient-reported outcomes include health-related quality of life, mental health and satisfaction with care. Qualitative methods will be used to explore the perspectives and experiences of patients and providers regarding the new model of care. An economic evaluation will also be undertaken.


DISCUSSION
This model of care seeks to improve the quality and safety of healthcare at the interface between the hospital and primary care sectors for patients with complex diabetes. The study will provide empirical evidence about the impact of the model of care on health outcomes, patient and clinician satisfaction, as well as any economic impacts.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12612000380897.
Quality measures in neurology consult care for epileptic patients.

INTRODUCTION
Epilepsy is one of the most frequently observed diseases in neurology outpatient care.


METHODS
We analysed our hospital's implementation of the 8 epilepsy quality measures proposed by the American Academy of Neurology: documented seizure types and seizure frequency, aetiology of epilepsy or the epilepsy syndrome, review of EEG, MRI, or CT results, counselling about antiepileptic drug side effects, surgical therapy referral for intractable epilepsy, and counselling about epilepsy-specific safety issues and for women of childbearing age.


RESULTS
In most cases, the first four quality measures were documented correctly. In 66% of the cases, doctors had asked about any adverse drug effects during every visit. Almost all patients with intractable epilepsy had been informed about surgical options or referred to a surgical centre of reference for an evaluation at some point, although referrals usually took place more than 3 years after the initial proposal. Safety issues had been explained to 37% of the patients and less than half of women of childbearing age with epilepsy had received counselling regarding contraception and pregnancy at least once a year.


CONCLUSIONS
The care we provide is appropriate according to many of the quality measures, but we must deliver more counselling and information necessary for the care of epileptic patients in different stages of life.
Explaining Trained Neural Networks with Semantic Web Technologies: First Steps

The ever increasing prevalence of publicly available structured data on the World Wide Web enables new applications in a variety of domains. In this paper, we provide a conceptual approach that leverages such data in order to explain the input-output behavior of trained artificial neural networks. We apply existing Semantic Web technologies in order to provide an experimental proof of concept.
Somersault Software Fault-Tolerance

software fault-tolerance, process replication failure masking, continuous availability, topology The ambition of fault-tolerant systems is to provide application transparent fault-tolerance at the same performance as a non-fault-tolerant system. Somersault is a library for developing distributed fault-tolerant software systems that comes close to achieving both goals. We describe Somersault and its properties, including: 1. Fault-tolerance — Somersault implements " process mirroring " within a group of processes called a recovery unit. Failure of individual group members is completely masked. 2. Abstraction — Somersault provides loss-less messaging between units. Recovery units and single processes are addressed uniformly as single entities. Recovery unit application code is unaware of replication. 3. High performance — The simple protocol provides throughput comparable to non-fault-tolerant processes at a low latency overhead. There is also sub-second failover time. 4. Compositionality — The same protocol is used to communicate between recovery units as between single processes, so any topology can be formed. 5. Scalability — Failure detection, failure recovery and general system performance are independent of the number of recovery units in a software system. Somersault has been developed at HP Laboratories. At the time of writing it is undergoing industrial trials. The ambition of fault-tolerant systems is to provide application transparent fault-tolerance at the same performance as a non-fault-tolerant system. Somersault is a library for developing distributed fault-tolerant software systems that comes close to achieving both goals. We describe Somersault and its properties, including: • Fault-tolerance – Somersault implements " process mirroring " within a group of processes called a recovery unit. Failure of individual group members is completely masked. • Abstraction – Somersault provides loss-less messaging between units. Recovery units and single processes are addressed uniformly as single entities. Recovery unit application code is unaware of replication. • High performance – The simple protocol provides throughput comparable to non-fault-tolerant processes at a low latency overhead. There is also sub-second failover time. • Compositionality – the same protocol is used to communicate between recovery units as between single processes, so any topology can be formed. • Scalability – failure detection, failure recovery and general system performance are independent of the number of recovery units in a software system. Somersault has been developed at HP laboratories. At the time of writing it is undergoing industrial trials.
Architecture of a quantum multicomputer optimized for Shor's factoring algorithm

Quantum computers exist, and offer tantalizing possibilities of dramatic increases in computational power, but scaling them up to solve problems that are classically intractable offers enormous technical challenges. Distributed quantum computation offers a way to surpass the limitations of an individual quantum computer. I propose a quantum multicomputer as a form of distributed quantum computer. The quantum multicomputer consists of a large number of small nodes and a qubus interconnect for creating entangled state between the nodes. The primary metric chosen is the performance of such a system on Shor’s algorithm for factoring large numbers: specifically, the quantum modular exponentiation step that is the computational bottleneck. This dissertation introduces a number of optimizations for the modular exponentiation, including quantum versions of the classical carry-select and conditional-sum adders, improvements in the modular arithmetic, and a means for reducing the amount of expensive, error-prone quantum computation by increasing the amount of cheaper, more reliable classical computation. Parallel implementations of these circuits are evaluated in detail for two abstract architectural models, one (called AC) which supports long-distance communication between quantum bits, or qubits, and one which allows only communication between nearest neighbors in a linear layout (called NTC). My algorithms reduce the latency, or circuit depth, to complete the modular exponentiation of an n-bit number from O(n) to O(n log n) for AC and O(n log n) for NTC. Including improvements in the constant factors, calculations show that these algorithms are one million times and thirteen thousand times faster on AC and NTC, respectively, when factoring a 6,000-bit number. These circuits also reduce the demands on quantum error correction from ∼ 210n to ∼ 12n log2 n for AC and ∼ 3n for NTC, potentially reducing the number of levels of error-correction encoding or allowing execution on more error-prone hardware. Extending to the quantum multicomputer, I calculate the performance of several types of adder circuits for several different hardware configurations. Five different