LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Fracture Property Studies of Paracetamol Single Crystals Using Microindentation Techniques

Purpose. To study the fracture behavior of the major habit faces of paracetamol single crystals using microindentation techniques and to correlate this with crystal structure and molecular packing. Methods. Vicker's microindentation techniques were used to measure the hardness and crack lengths. The development of all the major radial cracks was analyzed using the Laugier relationship and fracture toughness values evaluated. Results. Paracetamol single crystals showed severe cracking and fracture around all Vicker's indentations with a limited zone of plastic deformation close to the indent. This is consistent with the material being a highly brittle solid that deforms principally by elastic deformation to fracture rather than by plastic flow. Fracture was associated predominantly with the (010) cleavage plane, but was also observed parallel to other lattice planes including (110), (210) and (100). The cleavage plane (010) had the lowest fracture toughness value, Kc = 0.041MPa m1/2, while the greatest value, Kc = 0.105MPa m1/2; was obtained for the (210) plane. Conclusions. Paracetamol crystals showed severe cracking and fracture because of the highly brittle nature of the material. The fracture behavior could be explained on the basis of the molecular packing arrangement and the calculated attachment energies across the fracture planes.
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· Getting off the subject · No goals or agenda · Disorganized · Ineffective leadership/lack of control · Wasted time · Ineffective decision-making · No pre-meeting orientation · Too lengthy · Poor/inadequate preparation · Inconclusive · Irrelevant information discussed · Starting late · Interruptions · Rambling, redundant discussion · Individuals dominate discussion · No published results or follow-up action
Creating a Vision of Creativity: The First 25 Years

This article describes three stages of my attempts to understand, measure, and develop creative thinking. The first stage explored creative intelligence. The second investigated a theory of creativity, the investment theory. The third proposed a theory of creative leadership. Together, these three stages comprise the development of my thought on creativity—its nature, measurement, and development.
Stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6–24 months in Dabat health and demographic surveillance system site: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

BACKGROUND
Though there is a marked decline in burden of undernutrition, about 44 and 10% of children under five are stunted and wasted, respectively in Ethiopia. The highest prevalence of wasting occurs in young children (6-23 months), however literature are limited in these population groups. Therefore, this study aimed to assess stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6-24 months in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site, northwest Ethiopia.


METHODS
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dabat HDSS site from May 01 to June 29, 2015. A total of 587 mother-child pairs were included in the study. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting, separately.


RESULTS
The prevalence of stunting and wasting among children aged 6-24 months were 58.1 and 17.0%, respectively. Poor wealth status [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.20; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.42, 3.40], unavailability of latrine [AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66], child age: 12-24 months [AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.24, 4.69], not receiving maternal postnatal vitamin-A supplementation [AOR = 1.54; 95%: 1.02, 2.33] and source of family food: own food production [AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.57] were significantly associated with higher odds of stunting. However, only history of diarrheal morbidity was significantly associated with wasting [AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.30].


CONCLUSIONS
In this community, the magnitude of stunting and wasting exists as a severe public health concern. Therefore, improving socio-economic status, latrine and maternal postnatal vitamin-supplementation coverage are essential to mitigate the high burden of stunting. Besides, reducing the childhood diarrheal morbidity as well as strengthening early diagnosis and management of the problem are crucial to curve the high prevalence of wasting.
Mokken scale analysis: Between the Guttman scale and parametric item response theory

This article introduces a model of ordinal unidimensional measurement known as Mokken scale analysis. Mokken scaling is based on principles of Item Response Theory (IRT) that originated in the Guttman scale. I compare the Mokken model with both Classical Test Theory (reliability or factor analysis) and parametric IRT models (especially with the oneparameter logistic model known as the Rasch model). Two nonparametric probabilistic versions of the Mokken model are described: the model of Monotone Homogeneity and the model of Double Monotonicity. I give procedures for dealing with both dichotomous and polytomous data, along with two scale analyses of data from the World Values Study that demonstrate the usefulness of the Mokken model.
Formalising the Design of an SECD chip

Several abstract SECD machines can be found in the literature, for example [Bur75], [Hen80], [FH88]. Typically, an SECD machine is characterised by the four status registers (Store, Environment, Control, Dump) from which its name is taken.
Acoustic analysis with vocal loading test in occupational voice disorders: outcomes before and after voice therapy.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the usefulness of acoustic analysis with vocal loading test for evaluating the treatment outcomes in occupational voice disorders.


METHODS
Fifty-one female teachers with dysphonia were examined (Voice Handicap Index--VHI, laryngovideostroboscopy and acoustic analysis with vocal loading) before and after treatment. The outcomes of teachers receiving vocal training (group I) were referred to outcomes of group II receiving only voice hygiene instructions.


RESULTS
The results of subjective assessment (VHI score) and objective evaluation (acoustic analysis) improved more significantly in group I than in group II. The post-treatment examination revealed a decreased percentage of subjects with deteriorated jitter parameters after vocal loading, particularly in group I.


CONCLUSIONS
Acoustic analysis with vocal loading test can be a helpful tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy in occupational dysphonia.
Agreement between periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography for assessment of periapical status of root filled molar teeth.

AIM
To assess the agreement between periapical radiograph (PA) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for periapical assessment of root filled maxillary and mandibular molars.


METHODOLOGY
Periapical radiograph and CBCT (iCat) images of 60 previously root filled molars (30 maxillary and 30 mandibular) were obtained at a review clinic. Agreement between PA and CBCT assessments of (i) number of canals per tooth, (ii) number of lesions per tooth, (iii) mesial-distal dimension of lesions, (iv) coronal-apical dimension of lesions and (v) presence of 'J'-shaped lesions were determined in comparison analyses and correlation analysis.


RESULTS
There were significant differences between PA and CBCT assessment for the mean number of canals (P < 0.001) and periapical lesions (P < 0.001), mean mesial-distal (P < 0.001) and coronal-apical dimension of the lesion (if present; P < 0.001) and the mean number of 'J'-shaped lesions (P < 0.05). The magnitude of the statistical differences (or bias) was greater for maxillary than mandibular molars regarding the number and size of the lesions identified. Correlation values were weaker between PA and CBCT assessments of maxillary molars than for mandibular molars in all parameters assessed.


CONCLUSION
There were substantial disagreements between PA and CBCT for assessing the periapical status of molar teeth, especially for the maxillary arch. The findings have implications in periapical diagnosis and for evaluating the outcome of endodontic care.
A Study of Wind Farm Stabilization Using DFIG or STATCOM Considering Grid Requirements

Recently, the grid codes require taking into account the reactive power of the wind farm in order to contribute to the network stability, thus operating the wind farm as active compensator devices. This paper presents a comparative study of stabilizing a wind farm using (Doubly Fed Induction Generators) DFIGs or using a (Static Synchronous Compensator) STATCOM during wind speed change and grid fault. Simulation results show that the wind farm could be effectively stabilized with both systems, but at a reduced cost with the DFIGs system because it can provide reactive power through its frequency converters without an external reactive power compensation unit like the STATCOM system significant.
Refining Gondwana and Pangea palaeogeography: estimates of Phanerozoic non‐dipole (octupole) fields

S U M M A R Y Reliable Phanerozoic paleopoles have been selected from the stable parts of the Gondwana continents and, upon appropriate reconstruction, have been combined in an apparent polar wander (APW) path, which can be compared with a previously compiled path for Laurussia. This comparison once again confirms that Pangea-A reconstructions for Late Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic times cannot be reconciled with the available paleomagnetic data, unless these data are corrected for latitudinal errors caused by non-dipole (octupole) field contributions or by inclination shallowing. Because the discrepancies persist even when only paleopoles from igneous rocks are used, inclination shallowing cannot be the sole cause of the problem. There is an apparent decrease in the percentage of octupole field contributions needed as a function of time; for Mesozoic and younger time, Gondwana–Laurussia comparisons require, on average, lower ratios of octupole/dipole fields than for Palaeozoic time. However, the Gondwana paleopoles for the Palaeozoic include a much greater proportion of results derived from sedimentary rocks than do those for the Mesozoic, so that this apparently diminishing octupole field contribution may be an artefact. We have also examined whether the clustering of coeval Gondwana poles improves with optimal G3 contributions, but found that while there are improvements, they are not systematic and not statistically significant. A combined APW path has been constructed for Pangea for times since the Mid-Carboniferous, which accounts for octupole fields, or equivalently, inclination shallowing. We argue that this ‘global’ path is an improvement over previous constructions as it represents a self-consistent plate tectonic model and does not violate widely accepted Pangea-A reconstructions.
Face Recognition for Smart Environments

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Prescribing patterns in dementia: a multicentre observational study in a German network of CAM physicians

BACKGROUND
Dementia is a major and increasing health problem worldwide. This study aims to investigate dementia treatment strategies among physicians specialised in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by analysing prescribing patterns and comparing them to current treatment guidelines in Germany.


METHODS
Twenty-two primary care physicians in Germany participated in this prospective, multicentre observational study. Prescriptions and diagnoses were reported for each consecutive patient. Data were included if patients had at least one diagnosis of dementia according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases during the study period. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with a prescription of any anti-dementia drug including Ginkgo biloba.


RESULTS
During the 5-year study period (2004-2008), 577 patients with dementia were included (median age: 81 years (IQR: 74-87); 69% female). Dementia was classified as unspecified dementia (57.2%), vascular dementia (25.1%), dementia in Alzheimer's disease (10.4%), and dementia in Parkinson's disease (7.3%). The prevalence of anti-dementia drugs was 25.6%. The phytopharmaceutical Ginkgo biloba was the most frequently prescribed anti-dementia drug overall (67.6% of all) followed by cholinesterase inhibitors (17.6%). The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for receiving any anti-dementia drug was greater than 1 for neurologists (AOR = 2.34; CI: 1.59-3.47), the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AOR = 3.28; CI: 1.96-5.50), neuroleptic therapy (AOR = 1.87; CI: 1.22-2.88), co-morbidities hypertension (AOR = 2.03; CI: 1.41-2.90), and heart failure (AOR = 4.85; CI: 3.42-6.88). The chance for a prescription of any anti-dementia drug decreased with the diagnosis of vascular dementia (AOR = 0.64; CI: 0.43-0.95) and diabetes mellitus (AOR = 0.55; CI: 0.36-0.86). The prescription of Ginkgo biloba was associated with sex (female: AOR = 0.41; CI: 0.19-0.89), patient age (AOR = 1.06; CI: 1.02-1.10), treatment by a neurologist (AOR = 0.09; CI: 0.03-0.23), and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AOR = 0.07; CI: 0.04-0.16).


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of everyday practice for treatment of dementia in primary care in physicians with a focus on CAM. The prescribing frequency for anti-dementia drugs is equivalent to those found in other German studies, while the administration of Ginkgo biloba is significantly higher.
Overeducation and skill mismatch : a dynamic analysis

Half of American workers have a level of education that does not match the level of education required for their job. Of these, a majority are overeducated, i.e. have more schooling than necessary to perform their job (see, e.g., Leuven & Oosterbeek, 2011). In this paper, we use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) combined with the pooled 1989-1991 waves of the CPS to provide some of the first evidence regarding the dynamics of overeducation over the life cyle. Shedding light on this question is key to disentangle the role played by labor market frictions versus other factors such as selection on unobservables, compensating differentials or career mobility prospects. Overall, our results suggest that overeducation is a fairly persistent phenomenon, with 79% of workers remaining overeducated after one year. Initial overeducation also has an impact on wages much later in the career, which points to the existence of scarring effects. Finally, we find some evidence of duration dependence, with a 6.5 point decrease in the exit rate from overeducation after having spent five years overeducated. JEL Classification: J24; I21 ∗Duke University †University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and IZA ‡Duke University and IZA.
Recent advances in planar optics : from plasmonic to dielectric metasurfaces

PATRICE GENEVET, FEDERICO CAPASSO,* FRANCESCO AIETA, MOHAMMADREZA KHORASANINEJAD, AND ROBERT DEVLIN Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis 06560 Valbonne, France John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA e-mail: Patrice.genevet@crhea.cnrs.fr *Corresponding author: capasso@seas.harvard.edu
Candidate Multilinear Maps from Ideal Lattices

We describe plausible lattice-based constructions with properties that approximate the soughtafter multilinear maps in hard-discrete-logarithm groups, and show an example application of such multi-linear maps that can be realized using our approximation. The security of our constructions relies on seemingly hard problems in ideal lattices, which can be viewed as extensions of the assumed hardness of the NTRU function. This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Interior National Business Center (DoI/NBC) contract number D11PC20202. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of IARPA, DoI/NBC, or the U.S. Government. ∗Research conducted while at the IBM Research, T.J. Watson funded by NSF Grant No.1017660.
Stray Current Corrosion and Mitigation: A synopsis of the technical methods used in dc transit systems.

Stray-current corrosion has been a source of concern for the transit authorities and utility companies since the inception of the electrified rail transit system. The corrosion problem caused by stray current was noticed within ten years of the first dc-powered rail line in the United States in 1888 [1] in Richmond, Virginia, and ever since, the control of stray current has been a critical issue. Similarly, the effects of rail and utility-pipe corrosion caused by stray current had been observed in Europe.
Comparative research of the common face detection methods

Face detection is an important part of the face recognition, in this article the common face detection algorithms are summarized and classified, and several representative face detection algorithm are compared, respectively, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of these methods is described and finally the development trends and challenges of face detection method are presented.
Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands : scientific integration for management and policy

Wetlands all over the world have been lost or are threatened in spite of various international agreements and national policies. This is caused by: (1) the public nature of many wetlands products and services; (2) user externalities imposed on other stakeholders; and (3) policy intervention failures that are due to a lack of consistency among government policies in different areas (economics, environment, nature protection, physical planning, etc.). All three causes are related to information failures which in turn can be linked to the complexity and ‘invisibility’ of spatial relationships among groundwater, surface water and wetland vegetation. Integrated wetland research combining social and natural sciences can help in part to solve the information failure to achieve the required consistency across various government policies. An integrated wetland research framework suggests that a combination of economic valuation, integrated modelling, stakeholder analysis, and multi-criteria evaluation can provide complementary insights into sustainable and welfare-optimising wetland management and policy. Subsequently, each of the various www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon * Corresponding author. Tel.: +46-8-6739540; fax: +46-8-152464. E-mail address: tore@beijer.kva.se (T. Söderqvist). 0921-8009/00/$ see front matter © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0921 -8009 (00 )00164 -6 R.K. Turner et al. / Ecological Economics 35 (2000) 7–23 8 components of such integrated wetland research is reviewed and related to wetland management policy. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
What Determines the Profitability of Banks? Evidence from Spain

This paper analyzes empirically the factors that determine the profitability of Spanish banks for the period of 1999-2009. The results obtained by applying the system-GMM estimator to a large sample of Spanish banks indicate that the high bank profitability during these years is associated with a large percentage of loans in total assets, a high proportion of customer deposits, good efficiency, and a low credit risk. In addition, higher capital ratios also increase the bank’s return, although this finding applies only when using return on assets (ROA) as the profitability measure. We find no evidence of either economies or diseconomies of scale or scope in the Spanish banking sector. On the other hand, all industry and macroeconomic determinants, with the exception of interest rate, affect bank profitability in the anticipated ways. Finally, our study reveals differences in the performance of commercial and savings banks.
Classifying ecommerce information sharing behaviour by youths on social networking sites

Teenagers and young adults are an economically critical demographic group, and they are a confronted with an array of internet social networking services just as they are forming their online information seeking and sharing habits. Using a survey of 34,514 respondents from myYearbook.com, the research reported in this paper is an inferential analysis of information seeking and sharing behaviours in the ecommerce domain on four social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace, myYearbook, and Twitter). Using k-means clustering analysis, we find clusters within this demographic based on levels of being connected on and being engaged with social networking services. Research results show that the majority of this demographic have accounts on multiple social networking sites, with more than 40% having profiles on three social networking sites and an additional 20% have four social networking accounts. Statistical findings further show there are distinct information sharing seeking and sharing differences among eight clusters of users. We also investigate the motivations for using different social media sites, showing that the reasons for engaging differs among sites, indicating continued use of multiple social networking services. Implications are that companies and organizations interested in marketing to this demographic cannot cluster social networking users for more personalized targeting of advertisements and other information. Findings also show that this youth demographic has complex ecommerce information behaviours that call for nuanced approaches in advertising, marketing, or other areas of information targeting and that the traditional web advertising model may not be an appropriate information dissemination method.
[Factors Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation].

OBJECTIVE
Describing the factors associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOA) prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).


METHOD
This study was performed in Toulouse on a cohort of patients received in rhythmology consultation, treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or DOA for AF. A multivariate model was performed using logistic regression to describe the factors associated with DOA prescription and secondly, those associated with discontinuation of the anticoagulant.


RESULTS
Among the 140 patients included, 96 (66%) were treated with VKA and 48 (34%) with DOA. Recent AF diagnosis (OR 7.52, 95% CI [2.41;23.29], p = 0.001), previous exposure to VKA (OR 17.11, 95% CI [4.48;60.91], p<0.001), and no current exposure to anti-platelet agents (APA) (OR 7.69, 95% CI [1.22; 50.00], p = 0.030) were associated to DOA prescription. Discontinuation of the anticoagulant (n=24) was associated to DOA intake (OR 2.71, 95% CI [1.21; 6.08], p = 0.016).


DISCUSSION
DOA are less prescribed than VKA in patients treated with APA. DOA switch to VKA was not systematic in patients diagnosed for a long time. However, international normalized ratio (INR) values were stable in most of patients treated with VKA at the switching to DOA. A more powerful study would confirm the factors associated with DOA prescription.