LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Primary pain palliation and local tumor control in bone metastases treated with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy in pain management of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided focused ultrasound for the primary treatment of painful bone metastases and to assess its potential for local control of bone metastases.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective, single-arm research study with approval from the institutional review board. Eighteen consecutive patients (female, 8; male, 10; mean [SD] age, 62.7 [11.5] years) with painful bone metastases were enrolled. The patients were examined clinically for pain severity and pain interference in accordance with the Brief Pain Inventory-Quality of Life criteria before and at each follow-up visit. Computed tomography and MR imaging were performed before and at 1 and 3 months after the magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment. The nonperfused volume (NPV) was calculated to correlate the extension of the ablated pathological tissue in the responder and nonresponder patients.


RESULTS
No treatment-related adverse events were recorded during the study. The evaluation of pain palliation revealed a statistically significant difference between baseline and follow-up values for pain severity and pain interference (P = 0.001, both evaluations). In the evaluation of local tumor control, we observed increased bone density with restoration of cortical borders in 5 of the 18 patients (27.7%). In accordance with the MD Anderson criteria, complete and partial responses were obtained in 2 of the 18 patients (11.1%) and 4 of the 18 patients (22.2%), respectively. Nonperfused volume values ranged between 20% and 93%. Mean NPV values remained substantially stable after the treatment (P = 0.08). There was no difference in the NPV values between the responder and nonresponder patients (46.7% [24.2%] [25%-90%] versus 45% [24.9%] [20%-93%]; P = 0.7).


CONCLUSIONS
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound can be safely and effectively used as the primary treatment of pain palliation in patients with bone metastases and has a potential role in local tumor control.
Candida auris Candidemia in Kuwait, 2014

References 1. Vlieghe E, Phe T, De Smet B, Veng C, Kham C. Increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A infections in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, January 2011 to August 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013; 18:20592. 2. Tourdjman M, Le Hello S, Gossner C. Unusual increase in reported cases of Paratyphoid A fever among travellers returning from Cambodia, January to September 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20594. 3. Newton AE, Mintz ED. Infectious diseases related to travel: typhoid & paratyphoid fever. CDC health information for international travel [cited 2014 May 11]. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/ yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/ typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever 4. Mahon BE, Newton AE, Mintz ED. Effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in US travelers. Vaccine. 2014;32:3577–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.055 5. Akhtar S, Sarker MR, Jabeen K, Sattar A, Qamar A, Fasih N. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi in South Asia—current status, issues and prospects. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2014;7828:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/ 1040841X.2014.880662 6. Parry CM, Threlfall EJ. Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008;21:531–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830f453a 7. Sahastrabuddhe S, Carbis R. Increasing rates of Salmonella Paratyphi A and the current status of its vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2013;12:1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ 14760584.2013.825450
Mode I interlaminar fracture property of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Bamboo is a unidirectional fiber-reinforced bio-composite. Once having cracks, the delaminating propagation is not controlled by the strength but by the interlaminar fracture toughness. In this paper, the behaviors of Mode I (crack opening mode) interlaminar fracture parallel to grain of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were studied. Based on energy theory, the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, G IC, was measured using the double cantilever beam specimens, and the fracture surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results show that: (1) the interlaminar fracture toughness of Mode I is the basic characteristic of bamboo material. The mean value of G IC = 358 J/m2 (coefficient of variation = 16.88%) represents the resistance arresting crack propagation. No significant difference was found for G IC among the specimens located at different heights of the bamboo. (2) Due to the low G IC of bamboo, the crack propagation parallel to grain developed easily. The crack was a self-similar fracture without fiber-bridging. On the fracture surfaces, smooth fibers and plane ground tissue were found at the extended area of Mode I fracture along the longitudinal direction. Under scanning electron microscope, it could be seen that the crack propagation developed along the longitudinal interface between fibers or ground tissue. It indicates that the longitudinal interface strength was weak among bamboo cells.
The reliability, minimal detectable change and concurrent validity of a gravity-based bubble inclinometer and iphone application for measuring standing lumbar lordosis.

PURPOSE
To investigate the reliability, minimal detectable change (MDC90) and concurrent validity of a gravity-based bubble inclinometer (inclinometer) and iPhone® application for measuring standing lumbar lordosis.


METHODS
Two investigators used both an inclinometer and an iPhone® with an inclinometer application to measure lumbar lordosis of 30 asymptomatic participants.


RESULTS
ICC models 3,k and 2,k were used for the intrarater and interrater analysis, respectively. Good interrater and intrarater reliability was present for the inclinometer with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of 0.90 and 0.85, respectively and the iPhone® application with ICC values of 0.96 and 0.81. The minimal detectable change (MDC90) indicates that a change greater than or equal to 7° and 6° is needed to exceed the threshold of error using the iPhone® and inclinometer, respectively. The concurrent validity between the two instruments was good with a Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.86 for both raters. Ninety-five percent limits of agreement identified differences ranging from 9° greater in regards to the iPhone® to 8° less regarding the inclinometer.


CONCLUSION
Both the inclinometer and iPhone® application possess good interrater reliability, intrarater reliability and concurrent validity for measuring standing lumbar lordosis. This investigation provides preliminary evidence to suggest that smart phone applications may offer clinical utility comparable to inclinometry for quantifying standing lumbar lordosis. Clinicians should recognize potential individual differences when using these devices interchangeably.
Diversity in Queensland (Census 2011)

This bulletin contains information about diversity in Queensland, including data on the country of birth, ancestry and language spoken at home of Queenslanders. Data are sourced from the 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
Kawasaki disease: part I. Diagnosis, clinical features, and pathogenesis.

Kawasaki disease, or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, most commonly affects children between 6 months and 5 years of age. Approximately 90% of patients have mucocutaneous manifestations. This article will focus on the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in the United States as it relates to other countries, the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, its clinical course, and the currently accepted theories of pathogenesis. A particular focus is given to the various dermatologic manifestations that may occur.
Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Conceptual Framework.

BACKGROUND
The integration of biological, psychological, and social factors in medicine has benefited from increasingly precise stress response biomarkers. Mitochondria, a subcellular organelle with its own genome, produce the energy required for life and generate signals that enable stress adaptation. An emerging concept proposes that mitochondria sense, integrate, and transduce psychosocial and behavioral factors into cellular and molecular modifications. Mitochondrial signaling might in turn contribute to the biological embedding of psychological states.


METHODS
A narrative literature review was conducted to evaluate evidence supporting this model implicating mitochondria in the stress response, and its implementation in behavioral and psychosomatic medicine.


RESULTS
Chronically, psychological stress induces metabolic and neuroendocrine mediators that cause structural and functional recalibrations of mitochondria, which constitutes mitochondrial allostatic load. Clinically, primary mitochondrial defects affect the brain, the endocrine system, and the immune systems that play a role in psychosomatic processes, suggesting a shared underlying mechanistic basis. Mitochondrial function and dysfunction also contribute to systemic physiological regulation through the release of mitokines and other metabolites. At the cellular level, mitochondrial signaling influences gene expression and epigenetic modifications, and modulates the rate of cellular aging.


CONCLUSIONS
This evidence suggests that mitochondrial allostatic load represents a potential subcellular mechanism for transducing psychosocial experiences and the resulting emotional responses-both adverse and positive-into clinically meaningful biological and physiological changes. The associated article in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine presents a systematic review of the effects of psychological stress on mitochondria. Integrating mitochondria into biobehavioral and psychosomatic research opens new possibilities to investigate how psychosocial factors influence human health and well-being across the life-span.
A Polylogarithmic Approximation Algorithm for the Group Steiner Tree Problem

The group Steiner tree problem is a generalization of the Steiner tree problem where we are given several subsets (groups) of vertices in a weighted graph, and the goal is to find a minimum-weight connected subgraph containing at least one vertex from each group. The problem was introduced by Reich and Widmayer and linds applications in VLSI design. The group Steiner tree problem generalizes the set covering problem, and is therefore at least as hard. We give a randomized O(log3 n log k)-approximation algorithm for the group Steiner tree problem on an n-node graph, where k is the number of groups. The best previous performance guarantee was (1 + ?)a (Bateman, Helvig, Robins and Zelikovsky). Noting that the group Steiner problem also models the network design problems with location-theoretic constraints studied by Marathe, Bavi and Sundaram, our results also improve their bicriteria approximation results. Similarly, we improve previous results by Slavik on a tour version, called the errand scheduling problem. We use the result of Bartal on probabilistic approximation of finite metric spaces by tree metrics problem to one in a tree metric. To find a solution on a tree, we use a generalization of randomized rounding. Our approximation guarantees improve to O(log’ nlog k) in the case of graphs that exclude small minors by using a better alternative to Bartal’s result on probabilistic approximations of metrics induced by such graphs (Konjevod, Ravi and Salman) this improvement is valid for the group Steiner problem on planar graphs as well as on a set of points in the 2D-Euclidean case. -
Empiricism, History of

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 7, pp. 4481–4485, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Uncovering molecular processes in crystal nucleation and growth by using molecular simulation.

Exploring nucleation processes by molecular simulation provides a mechanistic understanding at the atomic level and also enables kinetic and thermodynamic quantities to be estimated. However, whilst the potential for modeling crystal nucleation and growth processes is immense, there are specific technical challenges to modeling. In general, rare events, such as nucleation cannot be simulated using a direct "brute force" molecular dynamics approach. The limited time and length scales that are accessible by conventional molecular dynamics simulations have inspired a number of advances to tackle problems that were considered outside the scope of molecular simulation. While general insights and features could be explored from efficient generic models, new methods paved the way to realistic crystal nucleation scenarios. The association of single ions in solvent environments, the mechanisms of motif formation, ripening reactions, and the self-organization of nanocrystals can now be investigated at the molecular level. The analysis of interactions with growth-controlling additives gives a new understanding of functionalized nanocrystals and the precipitation of composite materials.
Parallel Power Iteration Clustering for Big Data using MapReduce in Hadoop

In today’s life Distributed Data Mining is most popular topic in research area because as data are increasing in day to day life there are so many problems occurs to handle them and there are also a solutions for that but still they are not as per expectation, still there are some issue already there in the Distributed Data Mining, among them mainly we are focus in this papers that about reducing computational cost. PIC (Power Iteration Clustering) is simple, fast and relatively scalable and uses matrix vector Multiplication. PIC is the combination of two things one is PI that is Power Iteration and remaining C for Clustering. In Power Iteration it finds the largest Eigenvector and then after it apply K-mean algorithm for clustering. Here this algorithm is fast and capable of finding good clusters in a less time but it is not capable for handling large data, so here another is parallel approach for PIC called Parallel Power Iteration Clustering and implementations for minimizing communication cost. Due to its parallel approach different nodes are also their so for make our system more robust and avoid node failure we use Hadoop platform using Map Reduce. Hadoop provide the environment to implement application in distributed environment and it can capable of handling node failure. In Hadoop each DataNode contains the replica of other Datablocks of other DataNode and location of that Datablocks detail store into Namenode. Due to that when any node will goes down or fails at this moment we can use Replica of that Crash node from the other node. Keywords—Distributed Data Mining, Parallel Clustering, K-Mean Clustering, Threading, Hadoop, NameNode, DataNode,
Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions.

OBJECTIVE
To present nationally representative data on 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) among adults in the United States. DESIGN/SETTING/ PARTICIPANTS: Face-to-face survey of more than 43 000 adults aged 18 years and older residing in households and group quarters in the United States.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence and associations of MDD with sociodemographic correlates and Axis I and II disorders.


RESULTS
The prevalence of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV MDD was 5.28% (95% confidence interval, 4.98-5.57) and 13.23% (95% confidence interval, 12.64-13.81), respectively. Being female; Native American; middle-aged; widowed, separated, or divorced; and low income increased risk, and being Asian, Hispanic, or black decreased risk (P<.05). Women were significantly more likely to receive treatment than men. Both current and lifetime MDD were significantly associated with other specific psychiatric disorders, notably substance dependence, panic and generalized anxiety disorder, and several personality disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
This large survey suggests a higher prevalence of MDD in the US population than large-sample estimates from the 1980s and 1990s. The shift in highest lifetime risk from young to middle-aged adults is an important transformation in the distribution of MDD in the United States and specificity in risk for an age-period cohort. Associations between MDD and Axis I and II disorders were strong and significant, with variation within broad categories by specific diagnoses signaling the need for attention to the genetic and environmental reasons for such variation, as well as the implications for treatment response.
PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Clouds

Object detection in point clouds is an important aspect of many robotics applications such as autonomous driving. In this paper we consider the problem of encoding a point cloud into a format appropriate for a downstream detection pipeline. Recent literature suggests two types of encoders; fixed encoders tend to be fast but sacrifice accuracy, while encoders that are learned from data are more accurate, but slower. In this work we propose PointPillars, a novel encoder which utilizes PointNets to learn a representation of point clouds organized in vertical columns (pillars). While the encoded features can be used with any standard 2D convolutional detection architecture, we further propose a lean downstream network. Extensive experimentation shows that PointPillars outperforms previous encoders with respect to both speed and accuracy by a large margin. Despite only using lidar, our full detection pipeline significantly outperforms the state of the art, even among fusion methods, with respect to both the 3D and bird’s eye view KITTI benchmarks. This detection performance is achieved while running at 62 Hz: a 2 4 fold runtime improvement. A faster version of our method matches the state of the art at 105 Hz. These benchmarks suggest that PointPillars is an appropriate encoding for object detection in point clouds.
Confessions of a Used-Program Salesman: Lessons Learned

Software reuse is the second oldest programming profession. Ever since the first program logic board was wired, people have been looking for ways of saving time and money by building upon other's efforts and not “not re-inventing any wheels.” This article summarizes the lessons I have learned as used-program salesman. Using this analogy, I will examine efforts made to institutionalize software reuse.
Measurement of flow maldistribution in parallel channels and its application to ex-situ and in-situ experiments in PEMFC water management studies

0017-9310/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.09.025 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 585 475 6728; fax E-mail addresses: sgkeme@rit.edu (S.G. Kandlik wed8908@rit.edu (W.E. Domigan), adw2888@rit.edu t.edu (M.W. Benedict). Uniform flow distribution is critical to obtaining high performance in many heat and mass transfer devices. It also plays an important role in the effective operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Presently there are a few theoretically based models available for predicting flow distribution in individual fuel cell channels and across fuel cell stacks in PEMFCs, but little or no experimental data has been published on the actual flow rates measured in individual channels. This is mainly because of the lack of experimental techniques available to measure the instantaneous flow rates in parallel channels. In this work, a novel technique based on the entrance region pressure drop measurements is presented for monitoring fluid flow maldistribution in individual channels. The method is validated using liquid water flow in a test section with four tubes in parallel, and then applied to assess the air flow maldistribution in PEMFCs using (a) an ex-situ experimental setup simulating the two-phase flow in parallel channels, and (b) an in-situ experimental setup with an operating fuel cell. While an almost uniform air distribution is obtained for the parallel channels with an impermeable backing (plastic sheet), severe maldistribution is observed for the same channels with porous GDL backing. The maldistribution caused by the water blockage in an ex-situ test setup is further investigated and the results are verified by the high-speed images of the two-phase flow in channels. The technique has also been applied in an in-situ experimental setup to obtain the flow maldistribution under electrochemical reaction conditions in the presence of two-phase flow in the cathode side gas channels. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Transport decreases the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during simulated maternal cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to compare cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for simulated maternal cardiac arrest rendered during transport to the operating room with that rendered while stationary in the labor room. We hypothesized that the quality of CPR would deteriorate during transport.


METHODS
Twenty-six teams composed of 2 providers (obstetricians, nurses, or anesthesiologists) were randomized to perform CPR on the Laerdal Resusci Anne SkillReporter™ mannequin during transport or while stationary. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of correctly delivered compressions, defined as compression rate ≥100 beats per minute, correct sternal hand placement, compression depth ≥1.5 inches (3.8 cm), and proper release. Secondary outcomes included interruptions in compressions, position of providers relative to the mannequin during the transport phase, and ventilation tidal volume.


RESULTS
The median (interquartile range) percentage of correctly rendered compressions during phase II was 32% (10%-63%) in the transport group and 93% (58%-100%) in the stationary group (P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval of mean difference = 22%-58%). The median (interquartile range) compression rates were 124 (110-140) beats per minute in the transport group and 123 (115-132) beats per minute in the stationary group (P = 0.531). Interruptions in CPR were observed in 92% of transport and 7% of stationary drills (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval of difference = 61%-92%). During transport, 18 providers kneeled next to the mannequin, 2 straddled the mannequin, and 4 ran alongside the gurney. Median (interquartile range) tidal volume was 270 (166-430) mL in the transport group and 390 (232-513) mL in the stationary group (P = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data confirm our hypothesis and demonstrate that transport negatively affects the overall quality of resuscitation on a mannequin during simulated maternal arrest. These findings, together with previously published data on transport-related delays when moving from the labor room to the operating room further strengthen recommendations that perimortem cesarean delivery should be performed at the site of maternal cardiac arrest.