LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Self-Organizing Pedestrian Movement

Although pedestrians have individual preferences, aims, and destinations, the dynamics of pedestrian crowds is surprisingly predictable. Pedestrians can move freely only at small pedestrian densities. Otherwise their motion is affected by repulsive interactions with other pedestrians, giving rise to self-organization phenomena. Examples of the resulting patterns of motion are separate lanes of uniform walking direction in crowds of oppositely moving pedestrians or oscillations of the passing direction at bottlenecks. If pedestrians leave footprints on deformable ground (for example, in green spaces such as public parks) this additionally causes attractive interactions which are mediated by modifications of their environment. In such cases, systems of pedestrian trails will evolve over time. The corresponding computer simulations are a valuable tool for developing optimized pedestrian facilities and way systems. DOI:10.1068/b2697
Augmented Reality Interface for Teleoperation via Internet ) , one of the characteristics Design and Manipulation in Augmented Reality of Fanuc 200 iC Robot

Journal of Intelligent Computing Volume 6 Number 3 September 2015 ABSTRACT: In this paper, an AR (Augmented reality) system based on a multimodal user interface is proposed and its core techniques are described. The objective of this work is to realize certain task that operators can use the virtual robot to ameliorate the interaction with the real world using AR environment. VC++ and OpenGL are used to create this application. AR applications (ARToolKit) is used to detect the real-time position and orientation of camera and to facilite the operator’s observation and operation. Experiments prove that the system is reliable and efficient. Simulation result is obtained and it is very useful for designers to ameliorate the interaction with the real world.
INTERACTION BETWEEN SALINITY AND POTASSIUM ON GRAIN YIELD, CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN PEARL MILLET

To study the effects of different salinity levels and potassium supply on grain yield, yield components, carbohydrate content and nutrient uptake in pearl millet, a plot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at university of Zabol, Iran. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replicates. Potassium sulfate was used as the potassium source. The rate of potassium treatment was 0, 100 and 200 kg ha. Pearl millet was subjected to different salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m) through addition of NaCl to irrigation water. Results showed by increasing salt concentration from control to 12 ds/m grain yield (45.6%), biological yield (35.3%), harvest index (15.1%) and 1000 seed weight (60.1%) decreased. In this study salt stress remarkably elevated the carbohydrate content at vegetative and reproductive stages in leaves of millet. Salinity treatment decreased potassium and magnesium uptake but application potassium increased potassium and magnesium content in leaves at two stages until 200 kg.ha. Potassium application had significantly effect on grain yield and yield components and increased them.
The effects of interval- vs. continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and substrate oxidation rates in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND
For unknown reasons, interval training often reduces body weight more than energy-expenditure matched continuous training. We compared the acute effects of time-duration and oxygen-consumption matched interval- vs. continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), substrate oxidation rates and lipid metabolism in the hours following exercise in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).


METHODS
Following an overnight fast, ten T2D subjects (M/F: 7/3; age=60.3±2.3years; body mass index (BMI)=28.3±1.1kg/m(2)) completed three 60-min interventions in a counterbalanced, randomized order: 1) control (CON), 2) continuous walking (CW), 3) interval-walking (IW - repeated cycles of 3min of fast and 3min of slow walking). Indirect calorimetry was applied during each intervention and repeatedly for 30min per hour during the following 5h. A liquid mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT, 450kcal) was consumed by the subjects 45min after completion of the intervention with blood samples taken regularly.


RESULTS
Exercise interventions were successfully matched for total oxygen consumption (CW=1641±133mL/min; IW=1634±126mL/min, P>0.05). EPOC was higher after IW (8.4±1.3l) compared to CW (3.7±1.4l, P<0.05). Lipid oxidation rates were increased during the MMTT in IW (1.03±0.12mg/kg per min) and CW (0.87±0.04mg/kg per min) compared with CON (0.73±0.04mg/kg per min, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), with no difference between IW and CW. Moreover, free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations, and glycerol kinetics were increased comparably during and after IW and CW compared to CON.


CONCLUSIONS
Interval exercise results in greater EPOC than oxygen-consumption matched continuous exercise during a post-exercise MMTT in subjects with T2D, whereas effects on substrate oxidation and lipid metabolism are comparable.
Effort estimation in agile software development: a survey on the state of the practice

Context: There are numerous studies on effort estimation in Agile Software Development (ASD) and the state of the art in this area has been recently documented in a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). However, to date there are no studies on the state of the practice in this area, focusing on similar issues to those investigated in the above-mentioned SLR. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to report on the state of the practice on effort estimation in ASD, focusing on a wide range of aspects such as the estimation techniques and effort predictors used, to name a few. Method: A survey was carried out using as instrument an on-line questionnaire answered by agile practitioners who have experience in effort estimation. Results: Data was collected from 60 agile practitioners from 16 different countries, and the main findings are: 1) Planning poker (63%), analogy (47%) and expert judgment (38%) are frequently practiced estimation techniques in ASD; 2) Story points is the most frequently (62%) employed size metric, used solo or in combination with other metrics (e.g., function points); 3) Team's expertise level and prior experience are most commonly used cost drivers; 4) 52% of the respondents believe that their effort estimates on average are under/over estimated by an error of 25% or more; 5) Most agile teams take into account implementation and testing activities during effort estimation; and 6) Estimation is mostly performed at sprint and release planning levels in ASD. Conclusions: Estimation techniques that rely on experts' subjective assessment are the ones used the most in ASD, with effort underestimation being the dominant trend. Further, the use of multiple techniques in combination and story points seem to present a positive association with estimation accuracy, and team-related cost drivers are the ones used by most agile teams. Finally, requirements and management related issues are perceived as the main reasons for inaccurate estimates.
Phil Collins: Marxism Today

Review of filmmaker Phil Collins' Marxism Today exhibition at the British Film Institute Gallery, London, 4 February – 10 April 2011.
Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia.

BACKGROUND
We conducted a randomized comparison of hydroxyurea with anagrelide in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia.


METHODS
A total of 809 patients with essential thrombocythemia who were at high risk for vascular events received low-dose aspirin plus either anagrelide or hydroxyurea. The composite primary end point was the actuarial risk of arterial thrombosis (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral arterial thrombosis), venous thrombosis (deep-vein thrombosis, splanchnic-vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism), serious hemorrhage, or death from thrombotic or hemorrhagic causes.


RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 39 months, patients in the anagrelide group were significantly more likely than those in the hydroxyurea group to have reached the primary end point (odds ratio, 1.57; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.37; P=0.03). As compared with hydroxyurea plus aspirin, anagrelide plus aspirin was associated with increased rates of arterial thrombosis (P=0.004), serious hemorrhage (P=0.008), and transformation to myelofibrosis (P=0.01) but with a decreased rate of venous thromboembolism (P=0.006). Patients receiving anagrelide were more likely to withdraw from their assigned treatment (P<0.001). Equivalent long-term control of the platelet count was achieved in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Hydroxyurea plus low-dose aspirin is superior to anagrelide plus low-dose aspirin for patients with essential thrombocythemia at high risk for vascular events.
Cross education and immobilisation: mechanisms and implications for injury rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVES
Unilateral strength training produces an increase in strength of the contralateral homologous muscle group. This process of strength transfer, known as cross education, is generally attributed to neural adaptations. It has been suggested that unilateral strength training of the free limb may assist in maintaining the functional capacity of an immobilised limb via cross education of strength, potentially enhancing recovery outcomes following injury. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the impact of immobilisation, the mechanisms that may contribute to cross education, and possible implications for the application of unilateral training to maintain strength during immobilisation.


DESIGN
Critical review of literature.


METHODS
Search of online databases.


RESULTS
Immobilisation is well known for its detrimental effects on muscular function. Early reductions in strength outweigh atrophy, suggesting a neural contribution to strength loss, however direct evidence for the role of the central nervous system in this process is limited. Similarly, the precise neural mechanisms responsible for cross education strength transfer remain somewhat unknown. Two recent studies demonstrated that unilateral training of the free limb successfully maintained strength in the contralateral immobilised limb, although the role of the nervous system in this process was not quantified.


CONCLUSIONS
Cross education provides a unique opportunity for enhancing rehabilitation following injury. By gaining an understanding of the neural adaptations occurring during immobilisation and cross education, future research can utilise the application of unilateral training in clinical musculoskeletal injury rehabilitation.
The Lacy Hotel Site: Gender Ideologies and Domestic Activities in a 19th Century Boardinghouse Context

The Lacy Hotel was a part of the "Great Locomotive Chase", a significant historical event in Kennesaw, Georgia during the Civil War (AD 1861-1864), yet little is known of this site. The Lacy Hotel was a boardinghouse that operated for roughly six years until General William Tecumseh Sherman burned it in 1864. This research utilizes historical records along with archaeological fieldwork in order to provide a more detailed analysis of daily life within the Lacy household. Dominant ideologies influence the roles of women concerning their activities and choices of consumption within the household. Although the results show that the boardinghouse is not a typical household, the social dynamics and consumption are still constrained by the culture and ideology of the time period. In conclusion, this research offers a case study about the role of women on the eve of turmoil and contends that the boardinghouse is emblematic of broader changes within the rural South during the 19 th century. INDEX WORDS: Historical archaeology, Boardinghouse, Nineteenth-century, Civil War, Gender, Domestic actions, Marxist-Feminist Theory THE LACY HOTEL SITE: GENDER IDEOLOGIES AND DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES IN A 19 TH CENTURY BOARDINGHOUSE CONTEXT
Endothelial Cells' Activation and Apoptosis Induced by a Subset of Antibodies against Human Cytomegalovirus: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown in patients with atherosclerosis that antibodies directed against the hCMV-derived proteins US28 and UL122 are able to induce endothelial cell damage and apoptosis of non-stressed endothelial cells through cross-rection with normally expressed surface molecules. Our aim was to dissect the molecular basis of such interaction and to investigate mechanisms linking innate immunity to atherosclerosis.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We analysed the gene expression profiles in endothelial cells stimulated with antibodies affinity-purified against either the UL122 or the US28 peptides using the microarray technology. Microarray results were validated by quantitative PCR and by detection of proteins in the medium. Supernatant of endothelial cells incubated with antibodies was analysed also for the presence of Heat Shock Protein (HSP)60 and was used to assess stimulation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). Antibodies against UL122 and US28 induced the expression of genes encoding for adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors and molecules involved in the apoptotis process together with other genes known to be involved in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process. HSP60 was released in the medium of cells incubated with anti-US28 antibodies and was able to engage TLR4.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Antibodies directed against hCMV modulate the expression of genes coding for molecules involved in activation and apoptosis of endothelial cells, processes known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Moreover, endothelial cells exposed to such antibodies express HSP60 on the cell surface and release HSP60 in the medium able to activate TLR4. These data confirm that antibodies directed against hCMV-derived proteins US28 and UL122 purified from patients with coronary artery disease induce endothelial cell damage and support the hypothesis that hCMV infection may play a crucial role in mediating the atherosclerotic process.
Outcome of transfibular ankle arthrodesis with Ilizarov apparatus.

BACKGROUND
Both transfibular ankle arthrodesis with fibular onlay grafting and ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov apparatus have resulted in acceptable fusion rates. This study analyzed outcomes in the authors' practice for all patients who underwent transfibular ankle arthrodesis with fibular onlay grafting using the Ilizarov apparatus.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who experienced severe ankle pain associated with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, talar osteonecrosis, or septic arthritis and underwent transfibular ankle arthrodesis with an Ilizarov apparatus between 1995 and 2010. Postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated for 42 consecutive patients (43 feet) who received primary or revision ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique at two centers. Mean duration of follow-up was 4.1 (range, 1.5 to 13) years. Outcomes were assessed using the ankle-hindfoot scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society.


RESULTS
All ankles fused successfully. Mean clinical outcome improved significantly from 36.2 (range, 8 to 64) preoperatively to 77.4 (range, 0 to 86; p < .05) postoperatively.


CONCLUSION
Transfibular ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov external fixation system and fibular onlay strut grafting can achieve a very high rate of bony union and lead to general improvements in clinical outcome. Forefoot stabilization with a forefoot ring achieved rigid stabilization resulting in a shorter duration of external fixation.
The evolution of modern agriculture and its future with biotechnology.

Since the dawn of agriculture, humans have been manipulating crops to enhance their quality and yield. Via conventional breeding, seed producers have developed the modern corn hybrids and wheat commonly grown today. Newer techniques, such as radiation breeding, enhanced the seed producers' ability to develop new traits in crops. Then in the 1980's-1990's, scientists began applying genetic engineering techniques to improve crop quality and yield. In contrast to earlier breeding methods, these techniques raised questions about their safety to consumers and the environment. This paper provides an overview of the kinds of genetically modified crops developed and marketed to date and the value they provide farmers and consumers. The safety assessment process required for these crops is contrasted with the lack of a formal process required for traditionally bred crops. While European consumers have expressed concern about foods and animal feeds containing ingredients from genetically modified crops, Americans have largely been unconcerned or unaware of the presence of genetically modified foods on the market. This difference in attitude is reflected in Europe's decision to label foods containing genetically modified ingredients while no such labeling is required in the U.S. In the future, genetic modification will produce a variety of new products with enhanced nutritional or quality attributes.
Comparisons of the Effects of Stent Eccentricity on the Neointimal Hyperplasia between Sirolimus-Eluting Stent versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent

PURPOSE
Previous studies suggested that asymmetric stent expansion did not affect suppression of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) after sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stent eccentricity (SE) on NIH between SES versus paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis from the randomized trial.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Serial IVUS data were obtained from Post-stent Optimal Expansion (POET) trial, allocated randomly to SES or PES. Three different SE (minimum stent diameter divided by maximum stent diameter) were evaluated; SE at the lesion site with maximal %NIH area (SE-NIH), SE at the minimal stent CSA [SE-minimal stent area (SE-MSA)], and averaged SE through the entire stent (SE-mean). We classified each drug-eluting stents (DES) into the concentric (≥ mean SE) and eccentric groups (< mean SE) based on the mean value of SE.


RESULTS
Among 301 enrolled patients, 233 patients [SES (n = 108), PES (n = 125)] underwent a follow-up IVUS. There was no significant correlation between %NIH area and SE-NIH (r = - 0.083, p = 0.391) or SE-MSA (r = - 0.109, p = 0.259) of SES. However, SE-NIH of PES showed a weak but significant correlation with %NIH area (r = 0.269, p < 0.01). As to the associations between SEmean and NIH volume index, SES revealed no significant correlation (r = - 0.001, p = 0.990), but PES showed a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.320, p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the restenosis rate between the eccentric versus concentric groups of both DES.


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that lower SE of both SES and PES, which means asymmetric stent expansion, may not be associated with increased NIH.
A Comparison of Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence: Who Presents the Greater Threat?

Recent increases in the number of women arrested for domestic violence raise important questions about implementation of proarrest policies, equivalency of intimate partner aggression across genders, and management of female domestic violence offenders. This study compares demographic characteristics, criminal history variables, and the past domestic violence history of men (n = 5,578) and women (n = 1,126) arrested for domestic assault against a heterosexual intimate partner. Using victim reported information and data collected by local criminal justice agencies, we found that female arrestees were significantly less likely than males to have histories that warrant concern regarding the potential for future violence. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Forty cases of acquired oral syphilis and a review of the literature.

The aim of this study was to describe 40 cases of acquired oral syphilis (AOS) and to discuss the distribution of demographic characteristics, clinical features, and differential diagnosis of the disease. A retrospective study was conducted covering a 17-year period at a single institution in southern Brazil. Moreover, a literature review was performed through a search of the PubMed database for articles on AOS published between 1955 and March 2018. Data were analyzed descriptively. The predominant group within the case series was male patients in their twenties. The vast majority of cases (92.5%) were in the secondary stage of the disease. The lips were the most commonly affected site, with greyish-white mucous patches and reddish ulcers. In the literature review, the largest number of reported cases came from North America. Male patients in the third and fourth decades of life were most affected. AOS occurred more commonly as mucous patches and ulcers on the tongue and palate. Similarities regarding the distribution by sex, age, and anatomical location were found in the present study when compared to cases reported elsewhere. Clinicians, oral pathologists, and maxillofacial surgeons should familiarize themselves with the variable spectrum of signs and symptoms of AOS in their clinical practice to improve diagnosis and management.
Prevalence and Time Course of Post-Stroke Pain: A Multicenter Prospective Hospital-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE
Pain prevalence data for patients at various stages after stroke.


DESIGN
Repeated cross-sectional, observational epidemiological study.


SETTING
Hospital-based multicenter study.


SUBJECTS
Four hundred forty-three prospectively enrolled stroke survivors.


METHODS
All patients underwent bedside clinical examination. The different types of post-stroke pain (central post-stroke pain, musculoskeletal pains, shoulder pain, spasticity-related pain, and headache) were diagnosed with widely accepted criteria during the acute, subacute, and chronic stroke stages. Differences among the three stages were analyzed with χ(2)-tests.


RESULTS
The mean overall prevalence of pain was 29.56% (14.06% in the acute, 42.73% in the subacute, and 31.90% in the chronic post-stroke stage). Time course differed significantly according to the various pain types (P < 0.001). The prevalence of musculoskeletal and shoulder pain was higher in the subacute and chronic than in the acute stages after stroke; the prevalence of spasticity-related pain peaked in the chronic stage. Conversely, headache manifested in the acute post-stroke stage. The prevalence of central post-stroke pain was higher in the subacute and chronic than in the acute post-stroke stage. Fewer than 25% of the patients with central post-stroke pain received drug treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Pain after stroke is more frequent in the subacute and chronic phase than in the acute phase, but it is still largely undertreated.
Organizational Forms of Terrorism: Hierarchy, Network, or a Type sui generis?

In this paper, the organizational forms of terrorism are analyzed on the basis of an extensive literature study. In the literature, the hierarchical form of the “old,” nationally bounded terrorism of organizations like ETA, IRA or Hamas is contrasted with the new “network of terror” represented by Al Qaida. In fact, however, both old and new terrorism are characterized by a mixture of hierarchical and network-like organizational features. Both old and new forms of terrorism display moreover a set of additional features that fit neither a hierarchical nor a network model, constituting a distinctive form of governance. Nevertheless, organized terrorism shares many structural features with other kinds of organizations, including economic organizations.