LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Considering the role of presence in the conceptual design of interior architectural environments

This paper reports on an educational setting used to explore presence within the interior architecture discipline through an interior design studio environment. An undergraduate studio subject was developed to integrate a hybrid design approach, where the main focus was to examine a means to heighten a designer’s appreciation of experience in virtual environments. Initially the focus of the unit and its objectives will be outlined before describing the projects. Attention will be focused on the main project and the hybrid design process before discussing the outcomes, student feedback and potential for further research in the field. The outcome of the study aims to contribute to current research on presence and its potential role in the design process and end product in interior architecture. Keywords--Design, Presence, Interior Architecture.
Longitudinal association of carotid plaque presence and intima-media thickness with depressive symptoms in the elderly: the three-city study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate prospectively whether subclinical vascular disease is associated with future depressive symptoms in the elderly.


APPROACH AND RESULTS
A multicenter cohort of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 to 85 years was examined for carotid plaque presence and common carotid artery intima-media thickness at baseline and followed up after 2, 4, 7, and 10 years. At baseline and follow-up examinations, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). High level of depressive symptoms was defined as a CES-D score >16 in men and >22 in women. Among 4125 participants (58% women) at baseline, men more frequently showed carotid plaque presence and had higher mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness than women. After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, carotid plaque presence was associated with a higher CES-D score at the 10-year follow-up in men (+1.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-2.20; P<0.001), but not in women. When restricting analyses to individuals without cardiovascular disease at baseline, carotid plaque presence increased the likelihood of high level of depressive symptoms at follow-up examinations in men (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.05; P=0.022), but not in women. One SD increase in log-transformed common carotid artery intima-media thickness was associated with a higher CES-D score at the 10-year follow-up in women (+0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.95; P=0.006) and men (+0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.78; P=0.037). Common carotid artery intima-media thickness did not increase the likelihood of high level of depressive symptoms at follow-up in both sexes.


CONCLUSIONS
Subclinical vascular disease is associated with the progression of depressive symptoms in elderly men and women and the occurrence of high level of depressive symptoms in elderly men.
Trazodone increases the respiratory arousal threshold in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a low arousal threshold.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
The effect of common sedatives on upper airway physiology and breathing during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been minimally studied. Conceptually, certain sedatives may worsen OSA in some patients. However, sleep and breathing could improve with certain sedatives in patients with OSA with a low respiratory arousal threshold. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that trazodone increases the respiratory arousal threshold in patients with OSA and a low arousal threshold. Secondary aims were to examine the effects of trazodone on upper airway dilator muscle activity, upper airway collapsibility, and breathing during sleep.


DESIGN
Patients were studied on 4 separate nights according to a within-subjects cross-over design.


SETTING
Sleep physiology laboratory.


PATIENTS
Seven patients with OSA and a low respiratory arousal threshold.


INTERVENTIONS
In-laboratory polysomnograms were obtained at baseline and after 100 mg of trazodone was administered, followed by detailed overnight physiology experiments under the same conditions. During physiology studies, continuous positive airway pressure was transiently lowered to measure arousal threshold (negative epiglottic pressure prior to arousal), dilator muscle activity (genioglossus and tensor palatini), and upper airway collapsibility (Pcrit).


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Trazodone increased the respiratory arousal threshold by 32 ± 6% (-11.5 ± 1.4 versus -15.3 ± 2.2 cmH2O, P < 0.01) but did not alter the apnea-hypopnea index (39 ± 12 versus 39 ± 11 events/h sleep, P = 0.94). Dilator muscle activity and Pcrit also did not systematically change with trazodone.


CONCLUSIONS
Trazodone increases the respiratory arousal threshold in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a low arousal threshold without major impairment in dilator muscle activity or upper airway collapsibility. However, the magnitude of change in arousal threshold was insufficient to overcome the compromised upper airway anatomy in these patients.
Radical Semantics: A New Theory of Meaning

This paper extends Parikh’s earlier work in semantics with games of partial information and attempts to derive and represent the full content of an utterance from first principles. It also discusses various ways in which this content may be indeterminate.
Does Net Buying Pressure Affect the Shape of Implied Volatility Functions

This paper examines the relation between net buying pressure and the shape of the implied volatility function (IVF) for index and individual stock options. We find that changes in implied volatility are directly related to net buying pressure from public order flow. We also find that changes in implied volatility of S&P 500 options are most strongly affected by buying pressure for index puts, while changes in implied volatility of stock options are dominated by call option demand. Simulated delta-neutral optionwriting trading strategies generate abnormal returns that match the deviations of the IVFs above realized historical return volatilities. If people are willing to pay foolish prices for insurance, why shouldn’t we sell it to them? (Lowenstein (2000)). ONE OF THE MOST INTRIGUING ANOMALIES REPORTED in the derivatives literature is the “implied volatility smile.” The name arose from the fact that, prior to the October 1987 market crash, the relation between the Black and Scholes (1973) implied volatility of S&P 500 index options and exercise price gave the appearance of a smile. Since October 1987, however, the index implied volatility function (hereafter, IVF), as we refer to it, decreases monotonically across exercise prices. Under the assumptions of the Black–Scholes model, the IVF should be flat and constant through time. Most attempts to explain the shape of the IVF focus on relaxing the Black– Scholes assumption of constant volatility by allowing the local volatility rate of underlying security returns to evolve either deterministically or stochastically through time. Emanuel and MacBeth (1982) examine the power of the deterministic Cox and Ross (1976) constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model to explain the cross-sectional distribution of stock option prices. With its additional degree of freedom, the CEV model (necessarily) fits the observed structure of option prices better than the Black–Scholes constant volatility model. Out of sample, however, Emanuel and MacBeth conclude that the CEV model does ∗ Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University and Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. We gratefully acknowledge the comments/assistance of Cliff Ball, Alon Brav, Mike Lemmon, Joseph Levin, Joshua Rosenberg, Eileen Smith, Tom Smith and seminar participants at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, and the 2003 American Finance Association meetings, Washington, D.C. We are especially grateful to an anonymous referee for providing many useful and insightful comments and suggestions.
Cannabis and its derivatives: review of medical use.

BACKGROUND
Use of cannabis is often an under-reported activity in our society. Despite legal restriction, cannabis is often used to relieve chronic and neuropathic pain, and it carries psychotropic and physical adverse effects with a propensity for addiction. This article aims to update the current knowledge and evidence of using cannabis and its derivatives with a view to the sociolegal context and perspectives for future research.


METHODS
Cannabis use can be traced back to ancient cultures and still continues in our present society despite legal curtailment. The active ingredient, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, accounts for both the physical and psychotropic effects of cannabis. Though clinical trials demonstrate benefits in alleviating chronic and neuropathic pain, there is also significant potential physical and psychotropic side-effects of cannabis. Recent laboratory data highlight synergistic interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptors, with potential reduction of drug-seeking behavior and opiate sparing effects. Legal rulings also have changed in certain American states, which may lead to wider use of cannabis among eligible persons.


CONCLUSIONS
Family physicians need to be cognizant of such changing landscapes with a practical knowledge on the pros and cons of medical marijuana, the legal implications of its use, and possible developments in the future.
Contemporary Outcomes of Combined Heart-Liver Transplant in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND
As more patients survive into adulthood with repaired congenital heart disease (CHD), transplant centers now have patients presenting with both end-stage cardiac and hepatic failure. An understanding of the contemporary outcomes with combined heart liver transplantation (CHLT) in patients with CHD is needed.


METHODS
A retrospective review of the outcomes of CHLT in CHD was conducted from October 1, 1987, to June 30, 2015, from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. Propensity score matched cohorts were formed for the assessment of posttransplant outcome: CHLT with CHD, CHLT without CHD, and isolated heart transplant for CHD (HT-CHD). Cohorts were matched based on age, body mass index, inotrope use, and ventilator support at the time of transplant. We assessed 30-day, 1-, 5-, and 10-year posttransplant survivals.


RESULTS
There were 61 437 heart transplants during the study period, of which 190 (0.3%) were CHLT. Among CHLT, 41(22%) patients had CHD. In 26 (63%) of these, the indication for CHLT was hepatic congestion/cirrhosis of cardiac origin. In the matched cohorts, the overall survival for CHLT with CHD at 30 days, 1, 5, and 10 years was 95%, 86%, 83%, and 83%, respectively; for CHLT without CHD, it was 100%, 92%, 92%, and 63%, respectively (vs CHLT with CHD: P = 0.49); and for HT-CHD, it was 90%, 84%, 63%, and 39% (vs CHLT with CHD: P = 0.03), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The posttransplant outcome of CHLT, with and without CHD, is comparable. However, there is a trend toward better survival for CHLT for CHD compared with isolated heart transplant for CHD.
Selection of Critical Isthmus in Scar-Related Atrial Tachycardia Using a New Automated Ultrahigh Resolution Mapping System.

BACKGROUND
Accurate activation mapping of reentrant scar-related atrial tachycardias (AT) allows efficient radiofrequency ablation by targeting the critical isthmus (CI). We aimed to assess the electrophysiological properties of CI channels during mapping with the IntellaMap Orion basket and the Rhythmia system.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We prospectively studied 33 AT (post- atrial fibrillation ablation or surgical mitral valve repair). The noise of bipolar electrogram (EGM) was systematically measured at 10 prespecified sites, as well as on a standard catheter and on the surface ECG. Bipolar EGM of CI regions were analyzed for amplitude, duration, and conduction velocity. The isthmus region to be targeted was chosen based solely on propagation. For each AT, 25 684±14 276 EGMs were automatically annotated. Noise of the Orion EGM was 0.011±0.004 mV, lower than that of a standard catheter (0.016±0.019) and surface ECG (0.02±0.01; P<0.05). For reentrant AT, within the CI, bipolar EGM amplitude (0.08±0.11 mV) and conduction velocity (0.27±0.19 m/s) were lower than those orthodromically before (0.62±0.93 mV; 1±0.49 m/s) and after (0.80±1.59 mV; 1±0.73 m/s) the isthmus (P<0.001 for all). In 97% of AT, ablation at the CI resulted in AT termination. No complications occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
This new automated ultrahigh resolution mapping system produces low noise and allows accurate diagnosis of AT circuits. CI on reentrant scar-related AT showed much lower EGM amplitude with a significantly slower conduction velocity than the surrounding parts of the circuit. Ablation of the areas of slow conduction resulted in a high acute success.
Treatment of Fordyce spots with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy.

1 Lawrence CM, Lonsdale Eccles AA. Selective sweat gland removal with minimal skin excision in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a retrospective clinical and histological review of 15 patients. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:115–18. 2 Bechara FG, Sand M, Sand D et al. Surgical treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a study comparing liposuction cannulas with a suction-curettage cannula. Ann Plast Surg 2006; 56:654–7. 3 Perng CK, Yeh FL, Ma H et al. Is the treatment of axillary osmidrosis with liposuction better than open surgery? Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 114:93–7. 4 Bechara FG, Sand M, Sand D et al. Postoperative situation after axillary suction-curettage: an endoscopical view. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006; 59:304–6.
The impact of an evidence-based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

BACKGROUND
Despite strong evidence in the literature on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), nurses continue to view oral care as a comfort measure with low priority and utilise foam swabs rather than toothbrushes. Although an evidence-based oral care protocol existed and best-practice oral care tools were available, the VAP rates had not significantly decreased even though nurses reported providing oral care.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to determine if an evidence-based practice (EBP) educational programme would improve the quality of oral care delivered to mechanically ventilated patients; thereby, reducing the VAP rate.


RESULTS
Improvement in oral health was demonstrated by a decrease in median scores on the Oral Assessment Guide (pre (11.0), post (9.0)). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0002). The frequency of oral care documentation also improved as demonstrated by a positive shift to the more frequent timeframes. The VAP rates have decreased by 50% following the EBP education intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of an EBP educational programme focused on patient outcome rather than a task to be performed improved the quality of oral care delivered by the nursing staff.
Diabetic neuropathy—a review

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common neuropathy in industrialized countries, and it is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The vast majority of patients with clinical diabetic neuropathy have a distal symmetrical form of the disorder that progresses following a fiber-length-dependent pattern, with sensory and autonomic manifestations predominating. This pattern of neuropathy is associated with a progressive distal axonopathy. Patients experience pain, trophic changes in the feet, and autonomic disturbances. Occasionally, patients with diabetes can develop focal and multifocal neuropathies that include cranial nerve involvement and limb and truncal neuropathies. This neuropathic pattern tends to occur after 50 years of age, and mostly in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus. Length-dependent diabetic polyneuropathy does not show any trend towards improvement, and either relentlessly progresses or remains relatively stable over a number of years. Conversely, the focal diabetic neuropathies, which are often associated with inflammatory vasculopathy on nerve biopsies, remain self-limited, sometimes after a relapsing course.
Perinatal psychiatric disorders: an overview.

Perinatal mental illness has a significant implication on maternal health, birth outcomes, and the offspring's development. Prevalence estimates of perinatal psychiatric illnesses range widely, with substantial heterogeneity in different population studies, with a lower prevalence rate in high- rather than low- or middle-income countries. Because of the potential negative impact on maternal and child outcomes and the potential lability of these disorders, the perinatal period is a critical time to identify psychiatric illnesses. Thus, obstetricians and midwives play a crucial role in assessing women's mental health needs and to refer identified women promptly for multidisciplinary specialist assessment. However, there is still limited evidence on best practice assessment and management policies during pregnancy and postpartum. This review focuses on the prevalence of common perinatal mental disorders and antenatal screening policies to identify women at risk. The effect of these conditions and their management on pregnancy, fetal outcomes, and child development are discussed.
An epidemiological study of epilepsy in Hong Kong SAR, China

BACKGROUND
Several specialist clinic-based epidemiology studies suggested low prevalence in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China. Population-based epidemiological data for epilepsy is not available. We performed the first population-based epidemiological survey of epilepsy in this locality.


METHOD
We conducted a territory-wide survey. We randomly selected 9547 households from fixed-line telephone directory. We successfully surveyed 17,783 persons of 5178 households by telephone interview. All positive respondents 685 (3.85%) were invited for clinical validation. 127 subjects were validated by board-certified neurologists.


RESULTS
Seizure disorders were confirmed in 28 subjects. The crude prevalence of active epilepsy and seizure disorder were estimated to be 3.94/1000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.10-6.74/1000) and 8.49/1000 (95% CI: 5.64-12.27/1000), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of epilepsy in HKSAR is more common than previously thought. The data retrieved is useful for planning and allocation of health resources for patients with seizure disorders.
THE FINAL EXAMINATION

1. Outline the principles of the diagnostic tests used to confirm brain death. . 2. The patient has been certified brain dead and her relatives agree with her previously stated wishes to donate her organs for transplantation. Outline the supportive measures which should be instituted to maintain this patient’s organs in an optimal state for subsequent transplantation of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.
Stock Market Prediction by a Mixture of Genetic-Neural Experts

In this paper, a hybrid approach to stock market forecasting is presented. It entails utilizing a mixture of hybrid experts, each expert embedding a genetic classifier coupled with an artificial neural network. Information retrieved from technical analysis is supplied as input to genetic classifiers, while past stock market prices — together with other relevant data — are used as input to neural networks. In this way it is possible to implement a strategy that resembles the one used by human experts. In particular, genetic classifiers based on technical-analysis domain knowledge are used to identify quasi-stationary regimes within the financial data series, whereas neural networks are designed to perform context-dependent predictions. For this purpose, a novel kind of feedforward artificial neural network has been defined whereby effective stock market predictors can be implemented without the need for complex recurrent neural architectures. Experiments were performed on a major Italian stock market index, also taking into account trading commissions. The results point to the good forecasting capability of the proposed approach, which allowed outperforming the well known buy-and-hold strategy, as well as predictions obtained using recurrent neural networks.
Forecasting irish inflation using ARIMA models

This paper outlines the practical steps which need to be undertaken to use autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series models for forecasting Irish inflation. A framework for ARIMA forecasting is drawn up. It considers two alternative approaches to the issue of identifying ARIMA models the Box Jenkins approach and the objective penalty function methods. The emphasis is on forecast performance which suggests more focus on minimising out-of-sample forecast errors than on maximising in-sample ‘goodness of fit’. Thus, the approach followed is unashamedly one of ‘model mining’ with the aim of optimising forecast performance. Practical issues in ARIMA time series forecasting are illustrated with reference to the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) and some of its major sub-components.
In situ lipolytic regulation in subjects born small for gestational age

OBJECTIVE:Subjects born small for gestational age (SGA) who are prone to develop insulin resistance in adulthood display an abnormal development pattern of the adipose tissue during fetal and postnatal life. Since the lipolytic activity of the adipose tissue is critical in the development of insulin resistance, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether SGA itself might affect lipolysis regulation.STUDY DESIGN:We studied the effect of catecholamines, by local injection of isoproterenol, and the effect of insulin, using two-step infusion at 8 and 40 mU/m2/min, on the in situ lipolysis of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 23 subjects born SGA and 23 born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), using the microdialysis technique.RESULTS:Under isoproterenol infusion, the increase in dialysate glycerol concentration was significantly 1.5-fold higher in the SGA than in the AGA group (P=0.02) and induced a 20% increase in the plasma FFA concentration (P=0.04), whereas no significant increase was observed in the AGA group. The antilipolytic action of insulin on dialysate glycerol concentration was similar in both groups throughout the insulin infusion.CONCLUSION:Subjects born SGA demonstrated a hyperlipolytic reactivity to catecholamines, which might be regarded as an additional deleterious component of the insulin resistance associated with SGA. In contrast, being born SGA does not directly affect the antilipolytic action of insulin, showing that it does not play a major role in causing the long-term metabolic complications associated with reduced fetal growth.