LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of core and lower extremity strains and sprains in collegiate football players: a preliminary study.

CONTEXT
Poor core stability is believed to increase vulnerability to uncontrolled joint displacements throughout the kinetic chain between the foot and the lumbar spine.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the value of preparticipation measurements as predictors of core or lower extremity strains or sprains in collegiate football players.


DESIGN
Cohort study.


SETTING
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football program.


PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
All team members who were present for a mandatory physical examination on the day before preseason practice sessions began (n = 83).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Preparticipation administration of surveys to assess low back, knee, and ankle function; documentation of knee and ankle injury history; determination of body mass index; 4 different assessments of core muscle endurance; and measurement of step-test recovery heart rate. All injuries were documented throughout the preseason practice period and 11-game season. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify dichotomized predictive factors that best discriminated injured from uninjured status. The 75th and 50th percentiles were evaluated as alternative cutpoints for dichotomization of injury predictors.


RESULTS
Players with ≥2 of 3 potentially modifiable risk factors related to core function had 2 times greater risk for injury than those with <2 factors (95% confidence interval = 1.27, 4.22), and adding a high level of exposure to game conditions increased the injury risk to 3 times greater (95% confidence interval = 1.95, 4.98). Prediction models that used the 75th and 50th percentile cutpoints yielded results that were very similar to those for the model that used receiver operating characteristic-derived cutpoints.


CONCLUSIONS
Low back dysfunction and suboptimal endurance of the core musculature appear to be important modifiable football injury risk factors that can be identified on preparticipation screening. These predictors need to be assessed in a prospective manner with a larger sample of collegiate football players.
Effect of food on the absorption of eptastigmine

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of food on the rate and extent of eptastigmine absorption in healthy volunteers. Methods: The study was carried out according to a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over design. On three separate occasions, six young subjects received 30 mg eptastigmine after a 12-h overnight fast (reference treatment), 30 mg eptastigmine 15 min after a standard breakfast (test treatment) and placebo 15 min after a standard breakfast (control treatment). Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells was assayed 24 h after drug administration as a biological marker of eptastigmine plasma concentrations. Results: Mean maximum acetylcholinesterase inhibition (Imax) was 39.9% after eptastigmine without food and 33.1% after eptastigmine with food. Maximum inhibitions occurred at 4.75 h and 4.88 h after eptastigmine without and with food, respectively. Areas under the curve of acetylcholinesterase per cent inhibition from 0 to 8 h after drug administration (AUC0–8) were 198% h after eptastigmine without food and 124% h after eptastigmine with food. Ninety per cent confidence intervals of test/reference ratios for AUC0–8 and Imax exceeded the 0.80 to 1.20 limits, thus indicating that the two eptastigmine treatments cannot be considered bioequivalent. Mild and transient adverse events were recorded in three subjects receiving eptastigmine without food, one subject receiving eptastigmine with food and one subject receiving placebo. Conclusions: The ingestion of food significantly reduces the bioavailability of eptastigmine estimated by the assay of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity.
Real numbers and other completions

A notion of completeness and completion suitable for use in the absence of countable choice is developed. This encompasses the construction of the real numbers as well as the completion of an arbitrary metric space. The real numbers are characterized as a complete Archimedean Heyting field, a terminal object in the category of Archimedean Heyting fields. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of sentinel-node biopsy in early stage endometrial cancer: a prospective multicentre study (SENTI-ENDO).

BACKGROUND
Retrospective single-centre series have shown the feasibility of sentinel lymph-node (SLN) identification in endometrial cancer. We did a prospective, multicentre cohort study to assess the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of the SLN procedure in predicting the pathological pelvic-node status in patients with early stage endometrial cancer.


METHODS
Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-II endometrial cancer had pelvic SLN assessment via cervical dual injection (with technetium and patent blue), and systematic pelvic-node dissection. All lymph nodes were histopathologically examined and SLNs were serial sectioned and examined by immunochemistry. The primary endpoint was estimation of the negative predictive value (NPV) of sentinel-node biopsy per hemipelvis. This is an ongoing study for which recruitment has ended. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00987051.


FINDINGS
From July 5, 2007, to Aug 4, 2009, 133 patients were enrolled at nine centres in France. No complications occurred after injection of technetium colloid and no anaphylactic reactions were noted after patent blue injection. No surgical complications were reported during SLN biopsy, including procedures that involved conversion to open surgery. At least one SLN was detected in 111 of the 125 eligible patients. 19 of 111 (17%) had pelvic-lymph-node metastases. Five of 111 patients (5%) had an associated SLN in the para-aortic area. Considering the hemipelvis as the unit of analysis, NPV was 100% (95% CI 95-100) and sensitivity 100% (63-100). Considering the patient as the unit of analysis, three patients had false-negative results (two had metastatic nodes in the contralateral pelvic area and one in the para-aortic area), giving an NPV of 97% (95% CI 91-99) and sensitivity of 84% (62-95). All three of these patients had type 2 endometrial cancer. Immunohistochemistry and serial sectioning detected metastases undiagnosed by conventional histology in nine of 111 (8%) patients with detected SLNs, representing nine of the 19 patients (47%) with metastases. SLN biopsy upstaged 10% of patients with low-risk and 15% of those with intermediate-risk endometrial cancer.


INTERPRETATION
SLN biopsy with cervical dual labelling could be a trade-off between systematic lymphadenectomy and no dissection at all in patients with endometrial cancer of low or intermediate risk. Moreover, our study suggests that SLN biopsy could provide important data to tailor adjuvant therapy.


FUNDING
Direction Interrégionale de Recherche Clinique, Ile-de-France, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.
Application of axiomatic design and design structure matrix to the decomposition of engineering systems

A design decomposition-integration model, named COPE, is proposed in which Axiomatic Design Matrices (DM) map Functional Requirements to Design Parameters while Design Structure Matrices (DSM) provide structured representation of the system development context. In COPE, the DM and the DSM co-evolve. Traversing between the two types of matrices allows for some control in the application of the system knowledge which surrounds the decision making process and the definition of the system architecture. It is argued that this approach describes better the design process of complex products which is constrained by the need to utilise existing manufacturing processes, to apply discrete technological innovations and to accommodate work-share and supply chain agreements. Presented is an industrial case study which demonstrated the feasibility of the model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 8: 29–40, 2005
Semantic Web

ion is one dimension of context; the other is culture. The term culture is used both to describe socio-cultural systems, which are artifactual and knowable, and ideational systems, which are systems of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the way that humans live (Keesing & Strathern, 1998). Both cultures are key to the flow of knowledge within an organization. We need to transfer to new members, in both society and the organization, knowledge that has been painfully created at cost over previous generations. Cynefin: Diversity over Time and Space The dimensions of abstraction and culture create the sensemaking model, shown below in Figure 1. Feature Cynefin (pronounced kun-ev’in) is a Welsh word with no direct equivalent in English. As a noun it is translated as habitat, as an adjective acquainted or familiar, but dictionary definitions fail to do it justice. It links a community into its shared history – or histories – in a way that paradoxically both limits the perception of that community while enabling an instinctive and intuitive ability to adapt to conditions of profound uncertainty. In general, if a community is not physically, temporally and spiritually rooted, then it is alienated from its environment and will focus on survival rather than creativity and collaboration. In such conditions, knowledge hoarding will predominate and the community will close itself to the external world. If the alienation becomes extreme, the community may even turn in on itself, atomizing into an incoherent babble of competing self interests. Critically it emphasizes that we never start from a zero base when we design a knowledge system, all players in that system come with the baggage, positive and negative derived from multiple histories. Figure 1. Cynefin: Common Sense Making Informal Interdependent The informal organization
Calf stretching in correct alignment. An important consideration in plantar fasciopathies.

Stretching of the calf muscles is important in the treatment of plantar fasciopathy. In order to correctly stretch the calf muscles without strain on the plantar fascia the correct alignment of the lower limb should be maintained. A clinical method of achieving this is presented along with a practical guide to assisting the patient to become familiar with correct lower limb alignment.
Evaluation of transaction authentication methods for online banking

Authentication is a major research topic in the information security field. Much has been written about assessing entity (user) authentication methods, but there is a lack of literature concerning the evaluation of financial transaction authentication in online banking. Entity authentication methods have been systematized by quantifying their qualitative aspects, but there is no evaluation mechanism which also places the additional characteristics of transaction authentication in a user-centric context. Based on an existing mechanism which quantifies accessibility, memorability, security and vulnerability characteristics in entity authenticationmethods, we propose feasibility as an additional dimensionwhich quantifies aspects related to the secure usability of transaction authentication methods. We also propose the use of this evaluation mechanism by multiple raters to reduce personal bias. Four implemented and eight proposed authentication methods for online banking were evaluated by seven experts. The results indicate that the mechanism can be applied on a wide range of authentication methods, since it is able to evaluate methods based on different information schemes. However, care must be taken that evaluations are performed by multiple experts, due to the amount of subjectivity inherent in the mechanism and in the different opinions of the raters. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
SoM: A Smart Sensor for Human Activity Monitoring and Assisted Healthy Ageing

This paper presents the hardware and software design and implementation of a low-cost, wearable, and unobstructive intelligent accelerometer sensor for the monitoring of human physical activities. In order to promote healthy lifestyles to elders for an active, independent, and healthy ageing, as well as for the early detection of psychomotor abnormalities, the activity monitoring is performed in a holistic manner in the same device through different approaches: 1) a classification of the level of activity that allows to establish patterns of behavior; 2) a daily activity living classifier that is able to distinguish activities such as climbing or descending stairs using a simple method to decouple the gravitational acceleration components of the motion components; and 3) an estimation of metabolic expenditure independent of the activity performed and the anthropometric characteristics of the user. Experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of the prototype and the proposed algorithms.
Association of mortality with years of education in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolysis.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between lower socioeconomic status (SES), as ascertained by years of education, and outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown an inverse relationship between SES and coronary heart disease and mortality. Whether a similar association between SES and mortality exists in STEMI patients is unknown.


METHODS
We evaluated 11,326 patients with STEMI in the GUSTO-III (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) trial study from countries that enrolled >500 patients. We evaluated clinical outcomes (adjusted using multivariate regression analysis) according to the number of years of education completed.


RESULTS
One-year mortality was inversely related to years of education and was 5-fold higher in patients with <8 years compared with those with >16 years of education (17.5% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.0001). The strength of the relationship between education and mortality varied among different countries. Nonetheless, years of education remained an independent correlate of mortality at day 7 (hazard ratio per year of increase in education: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.83 to 0.88) and also between day 8 and 1 year (hazard ratio per year of increase in education: 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.94 to 0.98), even after adjustment for baseline characteristics and country of enrollment.


CONCLUSIONS
When the number of years of education was used as a measure of SES, there was an inverse relationship such that significantly higher short-term and 1-year mortality existed beyond that accounted for by baseline clinical variables and country of enrollment. Future studies should account for and investigate the mechanisms underlying this link between SES and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Effectiveness of donepezil in reducing clinical worsening in patients with mild-to-moderate alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND
Therapeutic endpoints based on reduced clinical worsening represent clinically relevant and realistic goals for patients suffering from progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).


METHODS
Data from 906 patients (388 receiving placebo; 518 receiving donepezil) with mild-to-moderate AD [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 10-27] were pooled from 3 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Clinical worsening was defined as decline in (1) cognition (MMSE), (2) cognition and global ratings (Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change plus Caregiver Input/Gottfries-Bråne-Steen scale) or (3) cognition, global ratings and function (various functional measures).


RESULTS
At week 24, lower percentages of donepezil-treated patients than placebo patients met the criteria for clinical worsening, regardless of the definition. The odds of declining were significantly reduced for donepezil-treated versus placebo patients (p < 0.0001; all definitions). Among patients meeting criteria for clinical worsening, mean declines in MMSE scores were greater for placebo than donepezil-treated patients.


CONCLUSION
In this population, donepezil treatment was associated with reduced odds of clinical worsening of AD symptoms. Moreover, patients worsening on donepezil were likely to experience less cognitive decline than expected if left untreated. This suggests that AD patients showing clinical worsening on donepezil may still derive benefits compared with placebo/untreated patients.
Assessment of palatal bone thickness in adults with cone beam computerised tomography.

AIMS
To determine the most suitable region of the palate for the insertion of miniscrews.


METHODS
The subjects were 72 adult patients between 20 and 44 years of age. The thickness of the bony palate was determined with digital volumetric tomography. Bone thickness was measured 4, 8, 16 and 24 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 0, 3, and 6 mm lateral to the midline of the palate.


RESULTS
The thickest bone was found 4 mm behind and 6 mm lateral to the incisive foramen. The bone thinned progressively from anterior to posterior and from medial to lateral. A median ridge of bone was present in the 8, 16 and 24 mm sections. In these sections the thickest bone was close to the suture.


CONCLUSION
The hard palate offers several suitable sites for the insertion of miniscrews for orthodontic purposes. The areas behind the incisive foramen and to one side of the median palatal suture have adequate bone for miniscrews.
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Lysholm Knee Scale: Ease of Use, Validity, and Reliability

BACKGROUND
The Lysholm knee scale, first published in 1982, is an eight-item questionnaire designed to evaluate patients after knee ligament injury. However, as a tool developed in English, its use as a validated instrument has been limited to English-language populations.


QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
The objectives of this study were to test the ease of use, reliability, and validity of a Turkish-language, culturally adapted version of the Lysholm knee scale.


METHODS
The Lysholm knee scale was translated into Turkish according to Guillemin's recommendations. Seventy patients (mean age, 36 years; range, 17-72 years) with different knee complaints were included, and the scale was completed twice by each participant at 3- to 14-day intervals to assess test-retest reliability based on the interrater correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach's alpha evaluated internal consistency. External validity was evaluated with correlations between the Lysholm knee scale, Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale, and SF-36. The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was determined.


RESULTS
Patients completed the Turkish-language Lysholm questionnaire in approximately 3 minutes. The test-retest reliability was 0.82, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.68. The Lysholm knee score was strongly correlated with the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale (r = 0.78). The Turkish Lysholm knee scale showed high correlations with the SF-36 physical component score (r = 0.61) and a low association with the mental component domain (r = 0.14).


CONCLUSIONS
The Turkish version of the Lysholm knee scale is quickly administered, valid, and reliable, and can be used for patients with various knee disorders.
The Depression Scale as a screening instrument for a subsequent depressive episode in primary healthcare patients.

BACKGROUND
There are numerous instruments for screening for depression. A feasible screen is good at both recognising and predicting depression.


AIMS
To study the ability of the Depression Scale and its items to recognise and predict a depressive episode.


METHOD
A sample of patients attending primary care was examined in 1991-992 and again 7 years later. The accuracy of the Depression Scale at baseline and at follow-up was tested against the Short Form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF) diagnosis of depression at follow-up. The sensitivity and specificity of the Depression Scale and its items were assessed.


RESULTS
Both baseline and follow-up Depression Scale scores were consistent with the CIDI-SF diagnoses. It was possible to find single items efficient at both recognising and predicting depression.


CONCLUSIONS
The Depression Scale is a useful screening instrument for depression, with both diagnostic and predictive validity.
Detection of oligoclonal free kappa chains in the absence of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Oligoclonal free kappa bands are present as frequently as oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and can even occur in the absence of oligoclonal IgG. As such, they too are markers of an ongoing intrathecal immune process.


OBJECTIVES
To determine how frequently oligoclonal free kappa bands are detectable in the CSF from patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of MS in the absence of CSF restricted oligoclonal IgG.


METHODS
An immunoaffinity mediated immunoblotting technique specific for free kappa chains was used, after isoelectric focusing of paired CSF and serum samples from 33 patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of MS but without CSF oligoclonal IgG. CSF data were correlated with MRI results in the context of the new diagnostic criteria from McDonald et al.


RESULTS
Eighteen CSF samples contained oligoclonal free kappa bands (54%), mainly from patients with motor dysfunction (83%) and optic neuritis (64%). All patients with a positive MRI according to Barkhof's criteria (n = 6) had free kappa bands in their CSF.


CONCLUSIONS
(1) Oligoclonal free kappa bands in the CSF are related to the dissemination of MS lesions; (2) such bands should be looked for in oligoclonal IgG negative CSF, and (3) the presence of free kappa bands in the CSF may be a substitute for oligoclonal IgG in the McDonald's criteria for diagnosis of MS.
Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulation

In this paper, we study the problem of learning vision-based dynamic manipulation skills using a scalable reinforcement learning approach. We study this problem in the context of grasping, a longstanding challenge in robotic manipulation. In contrast to static learning behaviors that choose a grasp point and then execute the desired grasp, our method enables closed-loop vision-based control, whereby the robot continuously updates its grasp strategy based on the most recent observations to optimize long-horizon grasp success. To that end, we introduce QT-Opt, a scalable self-supervised vision-based reinforcement learning framework that can leverage over 580k real-world grasp attempts to train a deep neural network Q-function with over 1.2M parameters to perform closed-loop, real-world grasping that generalizes to 96% grasp success on unseen objects. Aside from attaining a very high success rate, our method exhibits behaviors that are quite distinct from more standard grasping systems: using only RGB visionbased perception from an over-the-shoulder camera, our method automatically learns regrasping strategies, probes objects to find the most effective grasps, learns to reposition objects and perform other non-prehensile pre-grasp manipulations, and responds dynamically to disturbances and perturbations.4