LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Subexpansions, superexpansions and uniqueness properties in non-integer bases

The β-expansions, i.e., greedy expansions with respect to non-integer bases q>1, were introduced by Réenyi and then investigated by many authors. Some years ago, Erdős, Horváth and Joó found the surprising fact that there exist infinitely many numbers 1<q<2 for which the β-expansion of 1 is the unique possible expansion with coefficients 0 or 1. Subsequently, the unique expansions were characterized in [9] and this characterization led to the determination (in [17]) of the smallest number q having this curious property. It is intimately related to the classical Thue-Morse sequence. Allouche and Cosnard recently proved that this q is transcendental. The purpose of this paper is to extend the previous results for expansions in arbitrary non-integer bases q>1. We also determine the smallest q having the corresponding uniqueness property in each case, and we prove that all of them are transcendental. We will also obtain some probably new properties of the Thue-Morse sequence. In the last section we answer a question concerning the existence of universal expansions, a notion introduced in [12].
Secure and dependable software defined networks

The revolutionary concept of Software Defined Networks (SDNs) potentially provides flexible and wellmanaged next-generation networks. All the hype surrounding the SDNs is predominantly because of its centralized management functionality, the separation of the control plane from the data forwarding plane, and enabling innovation through network programmability. Despite the promising architecture of SDNs, security was not considered as part of the initial design. Moreover, security concerns are potentially augmented considering the logical centralization of network intelligence. Furthermore, the security and dependability of the SDN has largely been a neglected topic and remains an open issue. The paper presents a broad overview of the security implications of each SDN layer/interface. This paper contributes further by devising a contemporary layered/interface taxonomy of the reported security vulnerabilities, attacks, and challenges of SDN. We also highlight and analyze the possible threats on each layer/interface of SDN to help design secure SDNs. Moreover, the ensuing paper contributes by presenting the state-ofthe-art SDNs security solutions. The categorization of solutions is followed by a critical analysis and discussion to devise a comprehensive thematic taxonomy. We advocate the production of secure and dependable SDNs by presenting potential requirements and key enablers. Finally, in an effort to anticipate secure and dependable SDNs, we present the ongoing open security issues, challenges and future research directions. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Could clopidogrel's platelet inhibition be enhanced by an increased loading dose and eptifibatide?

DESIGN This prospective, randomized study included patients aged over 18 years who had undergone elective coronary stenting. Exclusion criteria included history of bleeding diathesis, elevated cardiac markers, an acute myocardial infarction within 48 h, a cerebrovascular event 3 months before treatment, chronic vessel occlusion or angiographically visible thrombus, hematocrit under 30%, platelet count under 100 × 109/l and prothrombin time over 1.5 times reference.
Comparison of group-based exercise versus home-based exercise in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: effects on Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Indices, quality of life and depression

The objective of this non-randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of group-based exercise programme and a home-based exercise programme on Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Indices, depression and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Approximately 41 patients in a rehabilitation unit were divided into two groups, either group- or home-based exercise programme. Exercise sessions were performed three times a week for a period of 6 weeks. The patients were compared before and after the rehabilitation programme, with respect to Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Assessment Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). A statistically significant improvement was observed on BASDAI, BASMI and energy, pain, reaction of emotional and sleep subscores of NHP in both exercise groups after the exercise programme (p < 0.05). No statistically significant changes were detected in BASFI, BDI and social and mobility subscores of NHP in both exercise groups (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the two exercise programmes (p > 0.05). Group and home-based exercise programmes are efficient in improving symptoms and mobility and had an important effect on quality of life in patients with AS. Home-based exercise programme, as it is cheaper, more easily performed and efficient, may be preferable for the management programme in AS.
Mapping migratory movements in the UK - 3B The integration of foreigners in the UK

Map 1: migrants in the UK per borough Map 2: Registered migrant workers from Eastern Europe, 2007 Map 3: Percentage of population of minority origin in London boroughs Additional
Stabilization of the Schrödinger equation.

We study the stabilization problem for Schrödinger equation in a bounded domain in two different situations. First, the boundary stabilization problem is considered. Dissipative boundary conditions are introduced. By using multiplier techniques and constructing energy functionals well adapted to the system, the exponential decay in H is proved. On the other hand, the internal stabilization problem is considered. When the damping term is effective on a neighborhood of the boundary, the exponential decay in L is proved by multiplier techniques. These results extend to Schrödinger equation recent results on the stabilizability of wave and plate equations. 1 – Introduction and main results This paper is devoted to study the stabilization problem for Schrödinger equation. Let Ω be a bounded domain of IR, n ≥ 1, with boundary Γ = ∂Ω of class C3. It is well known that L2(Ω) and H1(Ω)-norms of solutions of Schrödinger equation (1.1) 
Control of a nonholomic mobile robot: Backstepping kinematics into dynamics

A dynamical extension that makes possible the integration of a kinematic controller and a torque controller for nonholonomic mobile robots is presented. A combined kinematic/torque control law is developed using backstepping, and asymptotic stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov theory. Moreover, this control algorithm can be applied to the three basic nonholonomic navigation problems: tracking a reference trajectory, path following, and stabilization about a desired posture. The result is a general structure for controlling a mobile robot that can accommodate different control techniques, ranging from a conventional computed-torque controller, when all dynamics are known, to robust-adaptive controllers if this is not the case. A robust-adaptive controller based on neural networks (NNs) is proposed in this work. The NN controller can deal with unmodeled bounded disturbances and/or unstructured unmodeled dynamics in the vehicle. On-line NN weight tuning algorithms that do not require off-line learning yet guarantee small tracking errors and bounded control signals are utilized.  1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cooking of meat and fish in Europe—results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Objectives: There is epidemiologic evidence that the consumption of fried, grilled or barbecued meat and fish that are well-done or browned may be associated with an increased cancer risk. These high-temperature cooking methods are thought to be surrogates for mutagens and carcinogens produced in meat and fish, eg heterocyclic amines or polycyclic hydrocarbons. Since data on food cooking methods are scarce, the aim of this study was to describe the variation in meat and fish cooking methods in different parts of Europe.Design: Using a standardized 24 h recall from a sub-sample of the EPIC cohort (35 644 persons, 35–75 y old), mean daily intake of meat and fish prepared by different cooking methods and the relative contribution of the cooking methods to the overall cooking of meat and fish was calculated.Results: Whereas frying was more often noted in northern Europe, roasting and stir frying were more often used in the south. Concerning high-temperature cooking methods, their frequency of application varies between 15% in the EPIC cohort of North-Italy and 49% in the cohort of The Netherlands. Average consumption of fried, grilled and barbecued meat and fish ranges from a low of 12 g/day in the centres in southern Spain to a high of 91 g/day in northern Spain.Conclusion: High variation in both the kind of meat/fish consumed as well as its cooking methods is observed within EPIC. In order to use this variation for the evaluation of the impact of cooking methods on cancer risk, a questionnaire on meat and fish cooking methods is being developed and could be applied in the whole EPIC cohort.
Chronic motor dysfunction after stroke: recovering wrist and finger extension by electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
After stroke, many individuals have chronic unilateral motor dysfunction in the upper extremity that severely limits their functional movement control. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the wrist and finger extension muscles in individuals who had a stroke > or = 1 year earlier.


METHODS
Eleven individuals volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation experimental group (7 subjects) or the control group (4 subjects). After completing a pretest involving 5 motor capability tests, the poststroke subjects completed 12 treatment sessions (30 minutes each) according to group assignments. Once the control subjects completed 12 sessions attempting wrist and finger extension without any external assistance and were posttested, they were then given 12 sessions of the rehabilitation treatment.


RESULTS
The Box and Block test and the force-generation task (sustained muscular contraction) revealed significant findings (P<0. 05). The experimental group moved significantly more blocks and displayed a higher isometric force impulse after the rehabilitation treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Two lines of evidence clearly support the use of the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment to rehabilitate wrist and finger extension movements of hemiparetic individuals > or =1 year after stroke. The treatment program decreased motor dysfunction and improved the motor capabilities in this group of poststroke individuals.
Multiprofessional learning: the attitudes of medical, nursing and pharmacy students to shared learning.

OBJECTIVES
The belief that the effectiveness of patient care will improve through collaboration and teamwork within and between health care teams is providing a focus internationally for 'shared learning' in health professional education. While it may be hard to overcome structural and organizational obstacles to implementing interprofessional learning, negative student attitudes may be most difficult to change. This study has sought to quantify the attitudes of first-year medical, nursing and pharmacy students' towards interprofessional learning, at course commencement.


DESIGN
The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) (University of Liverpool, Department of Health Care Education), was administered to first-year medical, nursing and pharmacy students at the University of Auckland. Differences between the three groups were analysed.


SETTING
The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland.


RESULTS
The majority of students reported positive attitudes towards shared learning. The benefits of shared learning, including the acquisition of teamworking skills, were seen to be beneficial to patient care and likely to enhance professional working relationships. However professional groups differed: nursing and pharmacy students indicated more strongly that an outcome of learning together would be more effective teamworking. Medical students were the least sure of their professional role, and considered that they required the acquisition of more knowledge and skills than nursing or pharmacy students.


CONCLUSION
Developing effective teamworking skills is an appropriate focus for first-year health professional students. The timing of learning about the roles of different professionals is yet to be resolved.
The relationship between two consequences of budgetary controls: budgetary slack creation and managerial short-term orientation

Previous studies have provided contradictory evidence with respect to the eect of rigid budgetary controls on slack and other dysfunctional behaviors. One motivation for the current study was to test whether spillover eects exist between two alleged dysfunctional consequences of a rigid budgetary control style: budget slack creation and managerial short-term orientation. The data support this contention: reducing one form of dysfunctional behavior (slack creation) through rigid controls seems to spill over into another form (stronger management focus on business matters that aect short-term results). However, the budgetary control styles that organizations implement, as well as the behaviors that they encourage, may be aected by two important antecedents: business unit past performance and competitive strategy. The results indicate that business units that either pursue a dierentiation strategy or have been more pro®table are subject to less rigid budgetary controls, which augment the propensity to build slack as well as the tendency for managers to think long-term. These relationships are tested in a structural equation model on survey data obtained from 153 business unit general managers. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Since Hopwood's (1972) seminal paper, the budgeting literature has shown great interest in understanding possible eects of budgetary control styles. It is generally maintained that the incidence of so-called dysfunctional behavior is aected by the rigidity of budgetary controls. A rigid budgetary control style is one in which employees, mostly at management organization levels, are evaluated primarily on whether or not they achieved their budget. When evaluated in this way, managers are held fully accountable for their performance as measured by the budget. This implies that salary, resources, and career prospects become highly, if not fully, dependent on the managers' ability to meet the budget. Managers who miss the targets face the prospect of interventions by upper management, the loss of organizational resources, the loss of annual bonuses, and ultimately the loss of their job (Merchant & Manzoni, 1989). Under these circumstances, managers may look for ways to protect themselves from the downside risk of missing budget targets and the stigma normally attached to underachievers (Lukka, 1988; Onsi, 1973; Schi & Lewin, 1970). Possible ways of protection can be obtained by negotiating for highly achievable targets (i.e. slack creation) or by focusing on business matters that improve current 0361-3682/00/$ see front matter # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PI I : S0361-3682(99 )00058-6 Accounting, Organizations and Society 25 (2000) 609±622 www.elsevier.com/locate/aos $Data availability: survey data is available from the author
FIRE - Flexible Image Retrieval Engine: ImageCLEF 2004 Evaluation

In this paper we present FIRE, a content-based image retrieval system and the methods we used in the ImageCLEF 2004 evaluation. In FIRE, different features are available to represent images. This diversity of available features allows the user to adapt the system to task specific characteristics. A weighted combination of these features admits very flexible query formulations and helps in processing specific queries. For the ImageCLEF 2004 evaluation, we used content-based methods only and the experimental results compare favorably well with other systems that make use of the textual information in addition to the images.
More Content-Less Control : Access Control in the Web 2 . 0

The popularity of social-networking sites, blogging and other content-sharing sites has exploded, resulting in more personal information and opinions being available with less access control than ever before [5]. Many content-sharing sites provide only the most rudimentary access control: a document can be either completely private or completely public. Other sites offer the slightly more flexible private/friends/public access-control model, but this still fails to support natural distinctions users need, such as separating real-world friends from online friends. The traditional response to these privacy concerns is to post anonymously or pseudonymously, but recent psychological research shows that some Internet users do not establish separate, online personae, but instead consider their online identity as an extension of their real-life self [3]. And although privacy expectations that users desire are easy to state, there is a large gap between the users’ mental models and the policy languages of traditional access-control systems [2]. The consequences of poor access control are welldocumented in the news media. Bloggers have lost their jobs when their employer discovered the employee’s personal blog [9]. Sexual predators use social-networking sites to find victims [7]. Bloggers have been stalked based on the opinions and personal information placed on their blog [8]. Universities have disciplined students using photographs published on social-networking sites [1]. For all these reasons, we advocate that blogs and social networks need a policy mechanism that supports high-level policies that can be expressed succinctly, applied automatically, and updated easily. Current access-control systems fail to meet these goals. Users manually enforce and manage their policies, users, groups, and roles of the system. Furthermore, these systems lack intuitive tools and interfaces for policy generation. We propose to solve all these problems by specifying access-control policies in terms of the content being mediated, e.g. “Blog posts about my home-town are visible to my high school friends.” The system will then automatically infer the posts that are subject to policy rules based on the posts’ contents. Similarly, the system can infer relationships and interests of the users based on the content of objects they create (see Section 3). Such policies will be intuitive and easy to specify, greatly enhancing usability for non-technical users. We first discuss the current state of access control on content-driven sites and analyze approaches proposed in literature for implementing access control for the web. We then describe our proposed method of access control for content-sharing sites.
Native XML Support in DB2 Universal Database

The major relational database systems have been providing XML support for several years, predominantly by mapping XML to existing concepts such as LOBs or (object-)relational tables. The limitations of these approaches are well known in research and industry. Thus, a forthcoming version of DB2 Universal Database® is enhanced with comprehensive native XML support. “Native“ means that XML documents are stored on disk pages in tree structures matching the XML data model. This avoids the mapping between XML and relational structures, and the corresponding limitations. The native XML storage is complemented with XML indexes, full XQuery, SQL/XML, and XML Schema support, as well as utilities such as a parallel high-speed XML bulk loader. This makes DB2 a true hybrid database system which places equal weight on XML and relational data management.
Memory In Memory: A Predictive Neural Network for Learning Higher-Order Non-Stationarity from Spatiotemporal Dynamics

Natural spatiotemporal processes can be highly nonstationary in many ways, e.g. the low-level non-stationarity such as spatial correlations or temporal dependencies of local pixel values; and the high-level variations such as the accumulation, deformation or dissipation of radar echoes in precipitation forecasting. From Cramér’s Decomposition [5], any non-stationary process can be decomposed into deterministic, time-variant polynomials, plus a zero-mean stochastic term. By applying differencing operations appropriately, we may turn time-variant polynomials into a constant, making the deterministic component predictable. However, most previous recurrent neural networks for spatiotemporal prediction do not use the differential signals effectively, and their relatively simple state transition functions prevent them from learning too complicated variations in spacetime. We propose the Memory In Memory (MIM) networks and corresponding recurrent blocks for this purpose. The MIM blocks exploit the differential signals between adjacent recurrent states to model the non-stationary and approximately stationary properties in spatiotemporal dynamics with two cascaded, self-renewed memory modules. By stacking multiple MIM blocks, we could potentially handle higher-order non-stationarity. The MIM networks achieve the state-of-the-art results on three spatiotemporal prediction tasks across both synthetic and real-world datasets. We believe that the general idea of this work can be potentially applied to other time-series forecasting tasks.
Exploring Students ’ Perceptions of ESL Writing

Writing has always been regarded as playing a prominent role in learning a second language. Research within this discipline has mainly focused on the development of writing skill, but in recent years, some researchers have examined students’ perceptions of writing. The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ perceptions about an academic writing course and writing in general. A total of 64 female students from an ESP program participated in the study. The general design of the study was quantitative and qualitative in nature as a questionnaire and a focus-group interview were implemented for data collection. A combination of quantitative and qualitative procedures was employed to analyze the data collected via the questionnaire and the focus group interview respectively. The overall results demonstrated the students’ positive views towards the Academic Writing Course (AWC) in particular and ESL writing in general. The major findings demonstrated students’ awareness of their needs and ESL writing requirements. The study concluded with recommendations for future research.