LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Exergetic analysis of gas turbine plants

An exergetic analysis was performed for a 116-MW gas-turbine power plant. Mass and energy conservation laws were applied to each component of the system. Quantitative exergy balance for each component and for the whole system was considered. In this study, the exergy of a material stream is decomposed into thermal, mechanical and chemical exergy and an entropy-production flow. The effect of a change in the inlet turbine temperature on the exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction in the plant was evaluated. The crucial dependency of the exergetic efficiency and the exergy destruction on the change in the turbine inlet temperature was confirmed.
Optimal and approximate algorithms for sequential clinical scheduling with no-shows

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. The accessibility and efficiency of outpatient clinic operations are largely affected by appointment schedules. Clinical scheduling is a process of assigning physician appointment times to sequentially calling patients. A significant problem in clinical operations is patient no-show, that is, scheduled patients not showing for their appointments. Overbooking can compensate revenue loss due to no-show, but naive overbooking can result in longer patient waiting times and uneven physician work loads. In the past few years, new overbooking methods have been developed for sequential scheduling that yield higher expected profit than simple scheduling rules, but these often fail to exploit information about the future call-in process (they are myopic). To fully use this important information, we develop a Markov Decision Processes (MDP) model for sequential clinical scheduling that books patients to optimize the performance of clinic operations. The model is solved by Dynamic Programming (DP) for small problems. Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) algorithms based on aggregation and simulation are developed to find schedules for larger problems. Our computational experiments indicate good improvement over myopic methods.
Alcohol dependence and physical comorbidity: Increased prevalence but reduced relevance of individual comorbidities for hospital-based mortality during a 12.5-year observation period in general hospital admissions in urban North-West England.

PURPOSE
Alcohol dependence (AD) is associated with an increase in physical comorbidities. The effects of these diseases on general hospital-based mortality are unclear. Consequently, we conducted a mortality study in which we investigated if the burden of physical comorbidities and their relevance on general hospital-based mortality differs between individuals with and without AD during a 12.5-year observation period in general hospital admissions.


METHODS
During 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2012, 23,371 individuals with AD were admitted at least once to seven General Manchester Hospitals. Their physical comorbidities with a prevalence≥1% were compared to those of 233,710 randomly selected hospital controls, group-matched for age and gender (regardless of primary admission diagnosis or specialized treatments). Physical comorbidities that increased the risk of hospital-based mortality (but not outside of the hospital) during the observation period were identified using multiple logistic regression analyses.


RESULTS
Hospital-based mortality rates were 20.4% in the AD sample and 8.3% in the control sample. Individuals with AD compared to controls had a higher burden of physical comorbidities, i.e. alcoholic liver and pancreatic diseases, diseases of the conducting airways, neurological and circulatory diseases, diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, renal diseases, cellulitis, iron deficiency anemia, fracture neck of femur, and peripheral vascular disease. In contrast, coronary heart related diseases, risk factors of cardiovascular disease, diverticular disease and cataracts were less frequent in individuals with AD than in controls. Thirty-two individual physical comorbidities contributed to the prediction of hospital-based mortality in univariate analyses in the AD sample; alcoholic liver disease (33.7%), hypertension (16.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%), and pneumonia (13.3%) were the most frequent diagnoses in deceased individuals with AD. Multiple forward logistic regression analysis, accounting for possible associations of diseases, identified twenty-three physical comorbidities contributing to hospital-based mortality in individuals with AD. However, all these comorbidities had an equal or even lower impact on hospital-based mortality than in the comparison sample.


CONCLUSION
The excess of in-hospital deaths in general hospitals in individuals with AD is due to an increase of multiple physical comorbidities, even though individual diseases have an equal or even reduced impact on general hospital-based mortality in individuals with AD compared to controls.
A Survey of Dimension Reduction Techniques

Advances in data collection and storage capabilities during the past decades have led to an information overload in most sciences. Researchers working in domains as diverse as engineering, astronomy, biology, remote sensing, economics, and consumer transactions, face larger and larger observations and simulations on a daily basis. Such datasets, in contrast with smaller, more traditional datasets that have been studied extensively in the past, present new challenges in data analysis. Traditional statistical methods break down partly because of the increase in the number of observations, but mostly because of the increase in the number of variables associated with each observation. The dimension of the data is the number of variables that are measured on each observation. High-dimensional datasets present many mathematical challenges as well as some opportunities, and are bound to give rise to new theoretical developments [11]. One of the problems with high-dimensional datasets is that, in many cases, not all the measured variables are “important” for understanding the underlying phenomena of interest. While certain computationally expensive novel methods [4] can construct predictive models with high accuracy from high-dimensional data, it is still of interest in many applications to reduce the dimension of the original data prior to any modeling of the data. In mathematical terms, the problem we investigate can be stated as follows: given the p-dimensional random variable x = (x1, . . . , xp) T , find a lower dimensional representation of it, s = (s1, . . . , sk) T with k ≤ p, that captures the content in the original data, according to some criterion. The components of s are sometimes called the hidden components. Different fields use different names for the p multivariate vectors: the term “variable” is mostly used in statistics, while “feature” and “attribute” are alternatives commonly used in the computer science and machine learning literature. Throughout this paper, we assume that we have n observations, each being a realization of the pdimensional random variable x = (x1, . . . , xp) T with mean E(x) = μ = (μ1, . . . , μp) T and covariance matrix E{(x − μ)(x− μ) } = Σp×p. We denote such an observation matrix by X = {xi,j : 1 ≤ i ≤ p, 1 ≤ j ≤ n}. If μi and σi = √
1α,25(OH)2D3 Analog, MART-10, Inhibits Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Metastasis After VEGF-A Stimulation.

AIMS
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. Most patients with PanNETs die of metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a strong stimulator of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of MART-10 [19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)2D3], a 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) analog, on PanNET cell metastasis after VEGF-A stimulation.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Migration and invasion assays, western blot, and immunofluorescent staining were applied in this study.


RESULTS
VEGF-A increased PanNET cell migration and invasion, which was attenuated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. VEGF-A treatment stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PanNET cells. During this process, expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and 2, and fibronectin was up-regulated. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 counteracted VEGF-A-induced EMT. In addition, expression of neuropilin 1, a key protein in VEGF-A signaling, was down-regulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10. Furthermore, synthesis of F-actin was increased by VEGF-A and reduced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10.


CONCLUSION
Our data indicate that MART-10 could be deemed a promising drug for PanNET treatment.
Experiences, Strengths and Challenges of Integration of Mental Health intoPrimary Care in Ethiopia. Experiences of East African Country

Background: The burden of mental disorders is increaasing in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia but the number of psychiatry professionals is scarce. Integrating mental health in primary health care is vital to address the problem. This survey aimed in assessing the experiences, strengths and challenges of integrating mental health in primary health care in Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based supervisions was done in primary health care centers where the scale up program was implemented and giving mental health services. Semi structured and standardized WHO mental health Global Action Programme support and supervision questionnaires was used to collect information's. Findings: A total of 1576 mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders were identified and treated in selected four regions. Majority of identified cases were epilepsy (46.64%) followed by psychosis (28.49%). Essential drugs for treating psychosis, depression and epilepsy were available in almost all health institutions. Delayed support and supervisions, staff turnover, interrupted supply of drugs and shortage of budget were the major identified challenges of integrations. Conclusions: In general the experiences of mental health integration in Ethiopia have shown promising findings in achievements in number of trained professionals, health care centers involved, availability of drugs and cases identified and treated by trained professionals. Increasing number of staff trained in mental health care and Continuous support and training for trained professionals, supply of psychotropic medication is vital for effectiveness of integration. In additions researches in scale up concentrating on impact and outcomes of interventions are implicated for understanding the success of interventions.
From participation to dropout: Quantitative participation patterns in online university courses

The academic e-learning practice has to deal with various participation patterns and types of online learners with different support needs. The online instructors are challenged to recognize these and react accordingly. Among the participation patterns, special attention is requested by dropouts, which can perturbate online collaboration. Therefore we are in search of a method of early identification of participation patterns and prediction of dropouts. To do this, we use a quantitative view of participation that takes into account only observable variables. On this background we identify in a field study the participation indicators that are relevant for the course completion, i.e. produce significant differences between the completion and dropout sub-groups. Further we identify through cluster analysis four participation patterns with different support needs. One of them is the dropout cluster that could be predicted with an accuracy of nearly 80%. As a practical consequence, this study recommends a simple, easy-to-implement prediction method for dropouts, which can improve online teaching. As a theoretical consequence, we underline the role of the course didactics for the definition of participation, and call for refining previous attrition models. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rough set methods in feature selection and recognition

We present applications of rough set methods for feature selection in pattern recognition. We emphasize the role of the basic constructs of rough set approach in feature selection, namely reducts and their approximations, including dynamic reducts. In the overview of methods for feature selection we discuss feature selection criteria, including the rough set based methods. Our algorithm for feature selection is based on an application of a rough set method to the result of principal components analysis (PCA) used for feature projection and reduction. Finally, the paper presents numerical results of face and mammogram recognition experiments using neural network, with feature selection based on proposed PCA and rough set methods. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A clinical comparison of variable-damping and mechanically passive prosthetic knee devices.

OBJECTIVE
Although variable-damping knee prostheses offer some improvements over mechanically passive prostheses to transfemoral amputees, there is insufficient evidence that such prostheses provide advantages at self-selected walking speeds. In this investigation, we address this question by comparing two variable-damping knees, the hydraulic-based Otto Bock C-leg and the magnetorheological-based Ossur Rheo, with the mechanically passive, hydraulic-based Mauch SNS.


DESIGN
For each prosthesis, metabolic data were collected on eight unilateral amputees walking at self-selected speeds across an indoor track. Furthermore, kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic data were collected while walking at self-selected speeds across a 10-m walkway in a laboratory.


RESULTS
When using the Rheo, metabolic rate decreases by 5% compared with the Mauch and by 3% compared with the C-leg. Furthermore, for the C-leg and Rheo knee devices, we observe biomechanical advantages over the mechanically passive Mauch. These advantages include an enhanced smoothness of gait, a decrease in hip work production, a lower peak hip flexion moment at terminal stance, and a reduction in peak hip power generation at toe-off.


CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that variable-damping knee prostheses offer advantages over mechanically passive designs for unilateral transfemoral amputees walking at self-selected ambulatory speeds, and the results further suggest that a magnetorheological-based system may have advantages over hydraulic-based designs.
A pilot study of systolic dyssynchrony index by real time three-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging parameters predicting the hemodynamic response to biventricular pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) measured by real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) dyssynchrony parameters in predicting the hemodynamic response to biventricular (BIV) pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery. To compare right ventricular (RV) and BIV pacing using invasively measured hemodynamic values.


METHODS
A prospective randomized clinical study enrolling 11 patients with ischemic heart disease, concomitant valvular heart disease, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% comparing preoperative SDI by RT3DE and DTI LV dyssynchrony parameters to hemodynamic values obtained during RV or BIV sequential (DDD) epicardial pacing in the first 72 hours after cardiac surgery.


RESULTS
BIV pacing produced a statistically significant higher cardiac output (CO) (6.27 ± 1.55 L/min) and cardiac index (CI) (3.44 ± 0.93 L/min per m(2) ) than RV pacing (CO 5.44 ± 0.97 L/min, CI 3.03 ± 0.83 L/min per m(2) , P < 0.05). We found a statistically moderate correlation between preoperative SDI by RT3DE and CO (r = 0.596, P < 0.05) and a nonsignificant correlation to CI (r = 0.535, P < 0.10) during BIV pacing. No correlation was observed between DTI dyssynchrony parameters and measured hemodynamic values. BIV pacing reduced the ICU stay and inotropic support requirements of patients after heart surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
SDI measured preoperatively using RT3DE can predict CO during BIV pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery. BIV pacing is more hemodynamically effective than RV pacing in patients with LV dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a valve procedure.
3D DRAM Design and Application to 3D Multicore Systems

From a system architecture perspective, 3D technology can satisfy the high memory bandwidth demands that future multicore/manycore architectures require. This article presents a 3D DRAM architecture design and the potential for using 3D DRAM stacking for both L2 cache and main memory in 3D multicore architecture.
Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics

Individuals from five primate species were tested experimentally for their ability to follow the visual gaze of conspecifics to an outside object. Subjects were from captive social groups of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus atys torquatus, rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, stumptail macaques, M. arctoides, and pigtail macaques, M. nemestrina. Experimental trials consisted of an experimenter inducing one individual to look at food being displayed, and then observing the reaction of another individual (the subject) that was looking at that individual (not the food). Control trials consisted of an experimenter displaying the food in an identical manner when the subject was alone. Individuals from all species reliably followed the gaze of conspecifics, looking to the food about 80% of the time in experimental trials, compared with about 20% of the time in control trials. Results are discussed in terms of both the proximate mechanisms that might be involved and the adaptive functions that might be served by gaze-following. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Voxel-based analysis of gray matter and CSF space in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

AIMS
To investigate regional morphologic changes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) based on diagnosis with INPH Guidelines using voxel-based morphometry.


METHOD
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 34 INPH patients, who met probable INPH criteria, probable 34 Alzheimer disease patients, and 34 normal control subjects.


RESULTS
Statistical parametric mapping was used to conduct voxel-based morphometry analysis of the morphologic data and revealed enlarged ventricles and sylvian fissures and stenotic sulci of high convexity, especially in the precuneus in the INPH group, with decreased gray matter density in the insula, caudate and thalamus.


CONCLUSION
In INPH, morphologic change occurs in the frontoparietal high convexity with ventricular dilatations, dilated sylvian fissures and tight sulci in the medial parietal lobes.
The relationship between need and capacity for multidisciplinary cardiovascular risk-reduction programs in Ontario.

BACKGROUND
Available evidence has demonstrated survival benefits associated with multidisciplinary cardiovascular risk-reduction (CR) (ie, cardiac rehabilitation) programs. The degree to which program capacity meets eligible service demands in Ontario is unknown. We sought to estimate the supply-need care-gap associated with CR programs across regions (Local Health Integration Networks [LHINs]) in Ontario.


METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study during 2006. Administrative data provided estimates of the population eligible for multidisciplinary CR services due to (1) recent cardiovascular hospitalizations and (2) incident diabetes. An Ontario-wide survey of CR programs provided service supply estimates. The coverage rate and the absolute supply-need mismatch were use to quantify the care-gap by LHIN.


RESULTS
Based on cardiac hospitalizations alone, 53,270 patients in Ontario in 2006 (508.7 per 100,000) were eligible for CR services; 128,869 patients (1245 per 100,000) would have been eligible if newly diagnosed (incident cases) diabetic patients were included. Capacity for CR services was 18,087 patients, corresponding to 34% coverage of the eligible population (absolute unmet needs of 35,189 individuals) if capacity was entirely dedicated to recent hospitalizations and 14% coverage (absolute unmet needs of 110,782) if services were extended to include incident diabetes patients. Marked variation in disease burden, service capacity, and supply-need mismatch was observed across regions, in which supply was not correlated with need.


CONCLUSION
Despite proved benefits of multidisciplinary CR programs, unmet population needs remain high in Ontario and are unequally distributed across regions. The magnitude of unmet needs and the lack of correlation between supply and disease burden necessitate broader provincial strategies to plan, allocate, and subsidize CR programs.
Relationship of ADHD symptoms and global illness severity in adults treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate.

UNLABELLED
The relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and global clinical assessment of functionality is complex. This post-hoc analysis explores this relationship and suggests implications for patient assessment in clinical practice. Adults with ADHD on a stable lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) dose for ≥ 6 months were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study. Participants entered a 3-week open-label phase continuing their prior LDX dose and were then randomized to placebo or the same LDX dose for a 6-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal phase. ADHD symptom distribution was measured by the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) with Adult Prompts total score reflecting DSM-IV-TR ADHD symptom criteria and severity by Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) ratings at study entry and at end of study. Of 123 participants enrolled in the open-label phase, 116 were included in the randomized withdrawal phase (placebo, n = 60; LDX, n = 56). As reported in a prior publication, mean (standard deviation) ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline (week 3) to end of study (randomized-withdrawal phase) was 16.8 (11.80) for placebo and 1.6 (8.63) for LDX. At end of study, for placebo and LDX, 5.0% and 32.1% of participants, respectively, had a CGI-S = 1, 11.7% and 35.7% had a CGI-S = 2, 11.7% and 17.9% had a CGI-S = 3, 33.3% and 7.1% had a CGI-S = 4, 35.0% and 7.1% had a CGI-S = 5, and 3.3% and 0% had a CGI-S = 6; no participants had a CGI-S = 7 (P < 0.0001). The CGI-S ratings increased (worsened) as ADHD symptom scores worsened. Post-hoc regression analysis between ADHD-RS-IV scores and CGI-S demonstrated shared variance of 47% at week 3 and 69% for both placebo and LDX at end of study. Although ADHD symptom scores demonstrate a linear relationship with global illness severity, the variance suggests that other factors not captured by symptom scales are also important in assessing patient outcomes in clinical practice. (


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00877487.).