LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
What is the magnitude of blood pressure response to a programme of moderate intensity exercise? Randomised controlled trial among sedentary adults with unmedicated hypertension.

BACKGROUND
Current guidelines for the management of hypertension recommend regular, moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as brisk walking as a means of blood pressure reduction. However, there is a lack of consistent evidence regarding the magnitude of blood pressure response to such a prescription. In particular, no well designed studies have investigated the efficacy of a programme of exercise meeting current guidelines.


AIM
To investigate the effect of a six-week programme of moderate intensity exercise on daytime ambulatory blood pressure (10.00 am to 10.00 pm) among unmedicated, sedentary adults aged 25 years to 63 years with office blood pressure of 150 mmHg to 180 mmHg systolic and/or 91 mmHg to 110 mmHg diastolic.


METHOD
Randomised controlled trial of participants carrying out 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise (brisk walking or equivalent) five days per week for six weeks compared with controls who maintained existing levels of physical activity.


RESULTS
Compliance with the exercise programme was high. The reduction in mean daytime ambulatory blood pressure between baseline and six-week follow-up was greater in the intervention group than in the control group for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, this net hypotensive effect was not statistically significant (systolic = -3.4 mmHg, 95% CI = -7.4 to 0.6; diastolic = -2.8 mmHg, 95% CI = -5.8 to 0.2). Adjusting for baseline differences in mean ambulatory blood pressure in an analysis of covariance led to a reduction in the estimated magnitude of the effect (systolic = -1.9 mmHg, 95% CI = -5.4 to 1.7, P = 0.31; diastolic = -2.2 mmHg, 95% CI = -4.9 to 0.5, P = 0.11).


CONCLUSION
Despite high compliance with the exercise programme, the magnitude of the hypotensive effect of moderate intensity exercise was not as great as that found in studies of higher intensity exercise among hypertensives. Expectations of general practitioners and patients that a programme of moderate intensity exercise will lead to a clinically important reduction in the individual's blood pressure are unlikely to be realised.
Towards autonomic detection of SLA violations in Cloud infrastructures

Cloud computing has become a popular paradigm for implementing scalable computing infrastructures provided on-demand on a case-by-case basis. Selfmanageable Cloud infrastructures are required in order to comply with users’ requirements defined by Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and to minimize user interactions with the computing environment. Thus, adequate SLA monitoring strategies and timely detection of possible SLA violations represent challenging research issues. This paper presents the Detecting SLA Violations infrastructure (DeSVi) architecture, sensing SLA violations through sophisticated resource monitoring. Based on the user requests, DeSVi allocates computing resources for a requested service and arranges its deployment on a virtualized environment. Resources are monitored using a novel framework capable of mapping low-level resource metrics (e.g., host up and down time) to user-defined SLAs (e.g., service availability). The detection of possible SLA violations relies on the predefined service level objectives and utilization of knowledge databases to manage and prevent such violations. We evaluate the DeSVi architecture using two application scenarios: i) image rendering applications based on ray-tracing; and ii) transactional web applications based on the well-known TPC-W benchmark. These applications exhibit heterogeneous workloads for investigating optimal monitoring interval of SLA parameters. The achieved results show that our architecture is able to monitor and detect SLA violations. The architecture output also provides a guideline on the appropriate monitoring intervals for applications depending on their resource consumption behavior. Preprint submitted to Future Generation Computer Systems October 31, 2011
Effect of age at first calving on longevity and fertility traits for Holstein cattle.

Effects of age at first calving (AFC) on functional longevity of Czech Holstein cows and their reproduction traits in the first lactation were analyzed using the first lactation data of 605 538 Holstein cows first calved from 1993 to 2008. Three classes were formed for AFC: low age class (16–24 months), average age class (25–30 months), and high age class (33–46 months). Effects of AFC on length of productive life (LPL), days open (DO), days between calving and first service (CTFS), and days between first service and conception in the first lactation (FSTC) were estimated by survival and linear model analyses. It was found that LPL was on average slightly shorter for cows with higher AFC who showed also a lower proportion of higher lactations and tended to longer DO and longer CTFS in the first parity. The results of survival analysis indicate that cows with higher AFC had a tendency to shorter LPL (risk of culling 1.118) and to longer DO (risk of conception 0.758), CTFS (risk of conception 0.757), and FSTC (risk of conception 0.754) in comparison with cows with lower AFC. When the effect of fertility traits on LPL was analyzed, it was found that longer DO, CTFS, and FSTC were connected with a lower risk of culling (0.132, 0.183, 0.206) regardless of the particular AFC group. In linear model analysis, the effects of AFC group were estimated from two datasets, where the second dataset included also the missing values of fertility traits. It was found that the cows group with the highest AFC showed worse values of fertility traits (16.75, 19.69, 20.46 days) than the cows groups with lower AFC. Results of all analyses showed that a high AFC is connected with worse cow’s fertility at the first lactation and with lower cow’s LPL.
Smart Aquaponics System for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

Aquaponics is the production cycle combining traditional aquaculture with hydroponics. The quality of water is the main factor in determining the success of aquaponics. This quality can be determined through measuring various water parameters; most importantly are the dissolved oxygen, water temperature and the level of acidity. Taking advantage of the advancements in Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems and cloud computing has eased the task of evaluating the water quality by deploying various sensors and actuators around the aquaponics platform. The parameters are constantly monitored and kept under control. The system proposed is based on Modbus TCP communication protocol which is widely used as a standard within industrial applications. The use of Modbus and IoT technology has permitted the development a smart aquaponics system for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
A large-scale validation study of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS)

Adherence to medication is an important predictor of illness course and outcome in psychosis. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) is a ten-item self-report measure of medication adherence in psychosis [Thompson, K., Kulkarni, J., Sergejew, A.A., 2000. Reliability and validity of a new Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for the psychoses. Schizophrenia Research. 42. 241-247]. Although initial results suggested that the scale has good reliability and validity, the development sample was small. The current study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the MARS in a sample over four times larger. The scale was administered to 277 individuals with psychosis, along with measures of insight and psychopathology. Medication adherence was independently rated by each individual's keyworker. Results showed the internal consistency of the MARS to be lower than in the original sample, though adequate. MARS total score correlated weakly with keyworker-rated adherence, hence concurrent validity of the scale appeared only moderate to weak. The three factor structure of the MARS was replicated. Examination of the factor scores suggested that the factor 1 total score, which corresponds to the Medication Adherence Questionnaire [Morisky,D.E., Green,L.W. and Levine,D.M., 1986. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Medical Care. 24, 67-74] may be a preferable measure of medication adherence behaviour to the total scale score.
The IS Organization of the Future: Impacts of Global Sourcing

The IS organization of the future will be greatly impacted by the IT global sourcing phenomena that became highly visible after Kodak outsourced its data center operations in 1989 and which has since grown rapidly to encompass offshoring as well as domestic outsourcing. IS departments have already been impacted — some in carefully-conceived and planned ways; others in unplanned ways that have created a degree of chaos. The basic rule today is that, “every IT activity that can be outsourced, may be outsourced,” because vendors are developing ever-more-sophisticated capabilities and the labor arbitrage and limited investment imperatives of both domestic and offshore outsourcing operate to demand that outsourcing be considered for most IT activities. An Association for Computing Machinery Report (Aspray, Mayadas, & Vardi, 2006) delineates six varieties of work related to IS that are often offshored: (1) programming, software testing, and software maintenance; (2) IT research and development; (3) high-end jobs such as software architecture, product design, project management, IT consulting, and business strategy; (4) physical product manufacturing — semiconductors, computer components, computers; (5) business process outsourcing/IT Enabled Services — insurance claim processing, medical billing, accounting, bookkeeping, medical transcription, digitization of engineering drawings, desktop publishing, and high-end IT enabled services such as financial analysis and reading of Xrays; and, (6) call centers and telemarketing. Some of these are more relevant to future IS organizational management than are others. To visualize what the IS organization will look like as this nearly 20-yearold process continues further, one needs to focus on those activities that cannot be conveniently outsourced, those that are too important to be outsourced and those that need to be given greater attention in this evolving sourcing environment. Address correspondence to William King, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. E-mail: bilking@katz.pitt.edu The IS Organization of the Future: Impacts of Global Sourcing
A behavioral genetic investigation of the Dark Triad and the Big 5

This study reports the first behavioral genetic investigation of the three Dark Triad variables (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and their relationships with the Big 5 personality traits. A total of 278 adult twins completed questionnaire measures of the Dark Triad and the Big 5. Consistent with some previous studies, we found significant correlations among some of the Dark Triad variables and between each of the Dark Triad variables and some of the Big 5. To the extent that these variables were correlated at the phenotypic level, these correlations were largely attributable to correlated genetic factors. At the univariate level, all traits showed the influence of genetic and non-shared environmental factors, with heritabilities ranging between .31 and .72; Machiavellianism alone also showed the influence of shared environmental factors. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cutaneous myiasis.

UNLABELLED
Myiasis is the infestation of living tissue by the larvae of flies in the order Diptera. Cutaneous involvement is the most common type of myiasis. Cutaneous myiasis can be subdivided into furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Each subtype is reviewed with discussion of the larvae involved, presenting signs and symptoms, clinical differential diagnoses, and treatment. Preventive measures are also described.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the causal agents, clinical manifestations, and treatment of human cutaneous myiasis.
Extracting Paraphrases from a Parallel Corpus

While paraphrasing is critical both for interpretation and generation of natural language, current systems use manual or semi-automatic methods to collect paraphrases. We present an unsupervised learning algorithm for identification of paraphrases from a corpus of multiple English translations of the same source text. Our approach yields phrasal and single word lexical paraphrases as well as syntactic paraphrases.
Use of the HEART Pathway with high sensitivity cardiac troponins: A secondary analysis.

OBJECTIVES
The HEART Pathway combines a decision aid and serial contemporary cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measures to achieve >99% sensitivity for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30days and early discharge rates >20%. However, the impact of integrating high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) measures into the HEART Pathway has yet to be determined. In this analysis we compare test characteristics of the HEART Pathway using hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT, or cTnI.


DESIGN & METHODS
A secondary analysis of participants enrolled in the HEART Pathway RCT was conducted. Each patient was risk stratified by the cTn-HEART Pathway (Siemens TnI-Ultra at 0- and 3-h) and a hs-cTn-HEART Pathway using hs-cTnI (Abbott) or hs-cTnT (Roche) at 3-h. The early discharge rate, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) for MACE (death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization) at 30days were calculated.


RESULTS
hs-cTnI measures were available on 133 patients. MACE occurred in 11/133 (8%) of these patients. Test characteristics for the HEART Pathway using serial cTnI vs 3hour hs-cTnI were the same: sensitivity (100%, 95%CI: 72-100%), specificity (49%, 95%CI: 40-58%), NPV (100%, 95%CI: 94-100%), and early discharge rate (45%, 95%CI: 37-54%). The HEART Pathway using hs-cTnT missed one MACE event (myocardial infarction): sensitivity (91%, 95%CI: 59-100%), specificity (48%, 95%CI: 39-57%), NPV (98%, 95%CI: 91-100%), and early discharge rate (45%, 95%CI: 37-54%).


CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in the test characteristics of the HEART Pathway whether using cTnI or hs-cTnI, with both achieving 100% sensitivity and NPV. Use of hs-cTnT with the HEART Pathway was associated with one missed MACE.
Glycolipids from seaweeds and their potential biotechnological applications

Marine macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a formidable source of natural compounds with diverse biological activities. In the last five decades it has been estimated that more than 3000 natural compounds were discovered from these organisms. The great majority of the published works have focused on terpenoids. In comparison, glycolipids are a neglected class of macroalgal secondary metabolites therefore remaining as a largely unknown reservoir of molecular diversity. Nevertheless, the interest regarding these compounds has been growing fast in the last decades as activities of ecological or pharmaceutical interest have been highlighted. This paper will review recent work regarding isolation and structural characterization of glycolipids from seaweeds and their prospective biological activities.
Mobile phone performance improvements using an adaptively controlled antenna tuner

Mobile phone output power and radiation efficiency are degraded by large mismatches, due to compact narrow-band antennas and the influence of the user's hand position. This paper presents a 5×5 mm2 multi-band multi-mode adaptive antenna tuning module that counteracts antenna impedance mismatch. The module increases phone output power by 1.2 dB on average and 10 dB maximum, once combined with four different commercially available phones in a load-pull setup. The measured average total radiated power (TRP), of one of these phones with adaptive tuner, improves by 2.2 dB for free-space condition and 1.9 dB for user interaction. The measured maximum TRP improvement is 6.8 dB.
e-Learning versus lecture-based courses in ECG interpretation for undergraduate medical students: a randomized noninferiority study.

OBJECTIVE
An ECG is pivotal for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Previous studies have reported deficiencies in ECG interpretation skills that have been responsible for misdiagnosis. However, the optimal way to acquire ECG interpretation skills is still under discussion. Thus, our objective was to compare the effectiveness of e-learning and lecture-based courses for learning ECG interpretation skills in a large randomized study.


PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority study. Participants were recruited from among fifth-year medical students and were assigned to the e-learning group or the lecture-based group using a computer-generated random allocation sequence. The e-learning and lecture-based groups were compared on a score of effectiveness, comparing the 95% unilateral confidence interval (95% UCI) of the score of effectiveness with the mean effectiveness in the lecture-based group, adjusted for a noninferiority margin.


RESULTS
Ninety-eight students were enrolled. As compared with the lecture-based course, e-learning was noninferior with regard to the postcourse test score (15.1; 95% UCI 14.2; +∞), which can be compared with 12.5 [the mean effectiveness in the lecture-based group (15.0) minus the noninferiority margin (2.5)]. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the test score points in both the e-learning and lecture-based groups during the study period (both P<0.0001).


CONCLUSION
Our randomized study showed that the e-learning course is an effective tool for the acquisition of ECG interpretation skills by medical students. These preliminary results should be confirmed with further multicenter studies before the implementation of e-learning courses for learning ECG interpretation skills during medical school.
Tonal and Non-Tonal Intonation in Shekgalagari

The study of intonation in a (fully) tone language presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The challenge is to see how a language which exploits F0 mainly for the purpose of lexical and grammatical contrasts succeeds in encoding the functions often expressed by means of intonation in non-tonal languages. As is well-known, word-level distinctions can be quite rich in tone systems, which contrast up to five pitch levels and a dozen or more tonal contours or clusters, e.g. Wobe (Kru; Liberia) (Bearth & Link 1980, Singler 1984). Word-level tones, in turn, can be subject to considerable manipulation by the postlexical phonology, where juxtaposition, syntactic conditioning, or phonological phrasing can modify the word-level inputs and introduce additional pitch features, e.g. the phonological phrase-final H% boundary tone of Kinande (Bantu; Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Hyman 1990). Particularly when tone systems are complex in these ways, the question is how there can be much room left for intonation to modify or add pitch specifications without obscuring the word-level tonal contrasts. The goal of this paper is to examine how Shekgalagari (Bantu; Botswana, Namibia), a language which exploits F0 mainly for the purpose of lexical and grammatical contrasts, succeeds in encoding the functions often expressed by means of intonational phonology in non-tonal languages. Whereas other languages with lexical tone adopt different strategies for incorporating intonational pitch features, we demonstrate that most of the intonational marking is non-tonal in Shekgalagari, thereby raising the question of what is a possible intonational system.
Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Cosmopolitan Vision

A critical theory of world risk society must address at least three questions: (1) What is the basis of the critique? What is “critical” about this critical theory? (The question of the normative horizon of the world risk society) (2) What are the key theses and core arguments of this theory? Is it an empirical theory of society with critical intent? (3) To what extent does this theory break with the automatisms of modernization and globalization which have taken on a life of their own and rediscover the openness of human action to the future at the beginning of the 21st century political perspectives, cosmopolitan alternatives?
Spreading depolarisations and outcome after traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND
Pathological waves of spreading mass neuronal depolarisation arise repeatedly in injured, but potentially salvageable, grey matter in 50-60% of patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to ascertain whether spreading depolarisations are independently associated with unfavourable neurological outcome.


METHODS
We did a prospective, observational, multicentre study at seven neurological centres. We enrolled 109 adults who needed neurosurgery for acute TBI. Spreading depolarisations were monitored by electrocorticography during intensive care and were classified as cortical spreading depression (CSD) if they took place in spontaneously active cortex or as isoelectric spreading depolarisation (ISD) if they took place in isoelectric cortex. Investigators who treated patients and assessed outcome were masked to electrocorticographic results. Scores on the extended Glasgow outcome scale at 6 months were fitted to a multivariate model by ordinal regression. Prognostic score (based on variables at admission, as validated by the IMPACT studies) and spreading depolarisation category (none, CSD only, or at least one ISD) were assessed as outcome predictors.


FINDINGS
Six individuals were excluded because of poor-quality electrocorticography. A total of 1328 spreading depolarisations arose in 58 (56%) patients. In 38 participants, all spreading depolarisations were classified as CSD; 20 patients had at least one ISD. By multivariate analysis, both prognostic score (p=0·0009) and spreading depolarisation category (p=0·0008) were significant predictors of neurological outcome. CSD and ISD were associated with an increased risk of unfavourable outcome (common odds ratios 1·56 [95% CI 0·72-3·37] and 7·58 [2·64-21·8], respectively). Addition of depolarisation category to the regression model increased the proportion of variance in outcome that could be attributed to predictors from 9% to 22%, compared with the prognostic score alone.


INTERPRETATION
Spreading depolarisations were associated with unfavourable outcome, after controlling for conventional prognostic variables. The possibility that spreading depolarisations have adverse effects on the traumatically injured brain, and therefore might be a target in the treatment of TBI, deserves further research.


FUNDING
US Army CDMRP PH/TBI research programme.
Total Quality Management in Software Development Process

This paper discusses the essences of total quality management (TQM) concept and identifies the principles of successful TQM implementation. It contrasts the Quality Seven (Q7) and the Management Seven (M7) tools commonly used in the TQM process. It also describes the Deming's quality management concept and his fourteenpoint management method. It briefly explains the similarities between software development process and product development process. Finally, it discusses how to instill Deming's TQM method in software development process and provides recommendations to TQM prospects or participants for avoiding pitfalls and ensuring success during TQM implementation.
Applying integer programming to AI planning

Despite the historical difference in focus between AI planning techniques and Integer Programming (IP) techniques, recent research has shown that IP techniques show significant promise in their ability to solve AI planning problems. This paper provides approaches to encode AI planning problems as IP problems, describes some of the more significant issues that arise in using IP for AI planning, and discusses promising directions for future research.