LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Enteral or parenteral nutrition in traumatic brain injury: a prospective randomised trial.

INTRODUCTION
Few studies have evaluated the route of nutritional therapy in patients with head trauma.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed at investigating whether early enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (TPN) may differ in protein/ calorie supply, serum glucose modifications, and acute phase response in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).


METHODS
Twenty two patients with moderate TBI (Glasgow score between 9-12) were randomized to receive isocaloric and isonitrogeneous either EN (n=12) or TPN (n=10). The daily amount of calories and nitrogen (N) supplied, the nitrogen balance, and the daily serum level of glucose, C-reactive protein, and albumin were collected for 5 consecutive days. Clinical endpoints as length of stay and mortality were also compared.


RESULTS
Mortality was 9.1% (two cases) with one case in each group. A progressive caloric deficit occurred in both groups (p=0.001) without difference between them. The mean serum glucose level in TNP patients (134.4, 95% CI=122.6 to 146.2 mg/dl) was significantly higher than in the EN group (102,4; 95% CI 91.6 to 113.2 mg/dL) (p<0.001). There was a trend (p=0.06) of 24 h urinary N loss to be greater in TPN group which received higher amounts of N than the NE group (p<0.05). However, nitrogen balance was similar in the two groups. There was no difference in either the clinical outcome variables or the acute phase response.


CONCLUSION
Both routes were able to supply increasing provision of calories to brain injured patients. TPN provided significantly greater amount of nitrogen but losses were also greater. Nitrogen balance was similar with both types of therapy. Parenteral compared to enteral nutrition lead to greater hyperglycemia. There was no influence of the route in both the early inflammatory response and clinical outcome.
From glass ceiling to inequality regimes

Women are extremely under-represented in top management and professional positions in all countries, although cross-national variations exist. Women from minority ethnic and racial groups suffer from greater under-representation than do majority group women. The “Glass Ceiling” is a metaphor that describes the gender barriers that produce these patterns. This article suggests that “Inequality Regimes” is a more accurate metaphor, as it stands for gender, race and class barriers that obstruct women’s opportunities for advancement at all levels of organizational hierarchy. The article discusses the components of inequality regimes and briefly assesses some efforts to change these practices. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Speech Recognition: An Approach to Modernization

Speech is the major way of communication among human beings. Through speech man can communicate naturally and effectively. Speech recognition is a field of computer science that deals with designing computer systems that recognize spoken words. This paper presents the basic idea of speech recognition, types of speech recognition, different application areas and different approaches for recognizing the speech of the different speaker. Keywords— LPC, MFCC, RASTA, linguistic, phonetic
The effects of wall slide and sling slide exercises on scapular alignment and
pain in subjects with scapular downward rotation

[Purpose] The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in the scapular alignment, pressure pain threshold and pain in subjects with scapular downward rotation after 4 weeks of wall slide exercise or sling slide exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-two subjects with scapular downward rotation participated in this study. The alignment of the scapula was measured using radiographic analysis (X-ray). Pain and pressure pain threshold were assessed using visual analogue scale and digital algometer. Patients were assessed before and after a 4 weeks of exercise. [Results] In the within-group comparison, the wall slide exercise group showed significant differences in the resting scapular alignment, pressure pain threshold, and pain after four weeks. The between-group comparison showed that there were significant differences between the wall slide group and the sling slide group after four weeks. [Conclusion] The results of this study found that the wall slide exercise may be effective at reducing pain and improving scapular alignment in subjects with scapular downward rotation.
QAKiS: an Open Domain QA System based on Relational Patterns

We present QAKiS, a system for open domain Question Answering over linked data. It addresses the problem of question interpretation as a relation-based match, where fragments of the question are matched to binary relations of the triple store, using relational textual patterns automatically collected. For the demo, the relational patterns are automatically extracted from Wikipedia, while DBpedia is the RDF data set to be queried using a natural language interface.
Learnersourcing subgoal labeling to support learning from how-to videos

Subgoal labeling [1] is a technique known to support learning new knowledge by clustering a group of steps into a higher-level conceptual unit. It has been shown to improve learning by helping learners to form the right mental model. While many learners view video tutorials nowadays, subgoal labels are often not available unless manually provided at production time. This work addresses the challenge of collecting and presenting subgoal labels to a large number of video tutorials. We introduce a mixed-initiative approach to collect subgoal labels in a scalable and efficient manner. The key component of this method is learnersourcing, which channels learners' activities using the video interface into useful input to the system. The presented method will contribute to the broader availability of subgoal labels in how-to videos.
Effect of potassium citrate supplementation or increased fruit and vegetable intake on bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Alkali provision may explain why fruit and vegetables benefit bone health.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine the effects of alkali-providing potassium citrate (double-blind) and fruit and vegetable intake (single-blind) on bone turnover over 2 y.


DESIGN
We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 276 postmenopausal women (aged 55-65 y). Women were randomly assigned to 4 groups: high-dose potassium citrate (55.5 mEq/d), low-dose potassium citrate (18.5 mEq/d), placebo, and 300 g additional fruit and vegetables/d (equivalent of 18.5 mEq alkali). Serum and fasted urine for bone markers were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo. An additional urine sample was collected at 4-6 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and 2 y.


RESULTS
Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no difference between groups for urinary free deoxypyridinoline cross-links relative to creatinine (fDPD/Cr), serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen, or beta C-terminal telopeptide, although, at 4-6 wk, fDPD/Cr was lower in the high-dose potassium citrate group (P = 0.04). Mean +/- SD spine BMD loss in the placebo group (1.8 +/- 3.9%) did not differ significantly from that in the treatment groups (2.1 +/- 3.2%; P = 0.88). Hip BMD loss in the placebo and low-dose potassium citrate groups was 1.3 +/- 2.3% and 2.2 +/- 2.3%, respectively (P = 0.14).


CONCLUSIONS
Two-year potassium citrate supplementation does not reduce bone turnover or increase BMD in healthy postmenopausal women, which suggests that alkali provision does not explain any long-term benefit of fruit and vegetable intake on bone.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with protean manifestations resulting from infection by Treponema pallidum

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with protean manifestations resulting from infection by Treponema pallidum. It is systemic early from the outset, the primary pathology being vasculitis. Acquired syphilis can be divided into primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages. The infection can also be transmitted vertically resulting in congenital syphilis, and occasionally by blood transfusion and non-sexual contact. Diagnosis is mainly by dark field microscopy in early syphilis and by serological tests. The management in the tropics depends on the diagnostic facilities available: in resource poor countries, primary syphilis is managed syndromically as for anogenital ulcer. The introduction of rapid ‘‘desktop’’ serological tests may simplify and promote widespread screening for syphilis. The mainstay of treatment is with long acting penicillin. Syphilis promotes the transmission of HIV and both infections can simulate and interact with each other. Treponemes may persist despite effective treatment and may have a role in reactivation in immunosuppressed patients. Partner notification, health education, and screening in high risk populations and pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis are essential aspects in controlling the infection.
Strategic Information Systems Alignment: Alignment of IS/IT with Business Strategy

Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organisation, management, and the technology shaping the systems. All information systems can be described as organisational and management solutions to challenges posed by the environment. The advances in information systems have affect on our day-to day lives . As the technology is evolving immensely so are the opportunities in a healthy way to prepare the organisation in the competitive advantage environment In order to manage the IS/IT based systems, it is important to have an appropriate strategy that defines the systems and provide means to manage them. Strategic Information Systems Alignment (SISA) is an effective way of developing and maintaining the IS/IT systems that support the business operations. Alignment of the IS/IT plans and the business plans is essential for improved business performance, this research looks at the key features of SISA in the changing business circumstances in Saudi Arabia. Keywords—Information Systems, Information Systems, Business Planning, Planning Strategy, IT/IS Alignment.
Switched Reluctance Motor Modeling, Design, Simulation, and Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

Switched reluctance machines have emerged as an important technology in industrial automation; they represent a real alternative to conventional variable speed drives in many applications. This paper reviews the technology status and trends in switched reluctance machines. It covers the various aspects of modeling, design, simulation, analysis, and control. Finally, it discusses the impact of switched reluctance machines technology on intelligent motion control.
Targeting those with decreased meaning and peace: a supportive care opportunity

To evaluate if an individual’s level of meaning/peace (M/P) predicts various quality of life (QOL) and mental well-being measures. To identify targets that might enhance the overall spiritual well-being and QOL of ovarian cancer patients. Multi-site analysis of women with newly diagnosed stages II–IV ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. Patients completed the following surveys: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual (FACIT-Sp), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS). Linear regression models were created to examine the effect of M/P (FACIT-Sp) upon QOL, symptoms, and other measures of mental well-being. These models adjusted for the effect of site, race, age, stage, anaphylaxis to chemotherapy, and partner status as potential confounders. This study enrolled 104 patients from three separate sites. After adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that higher M/P predicted better QOL (FACT-O) (p < 0.0001). Higher M/P also predicted decreased death anxiety, depression, and anxiety (p ≤ 0.005). Finally, higher M/P predicted increased hope and coping scores (p ≤ 0.0005). Level of M/P is associated with several important mental and physical health states. This information may allow providers to identify patients at increased risk for mental/physical distress and may facilitate early referral to targeted psychotherapy interventions focused on improving patient QOL and decreasing anxiety and depression.
Trends in adults receiving a recommendation for exercise or other physical activity from a physician or other health professional.

The Healthy People 2020 objectives for physical activity include two objectives for increasing the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to exercise (see http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx). Physician counseling for exercise has not previously been tracked by the Healthy People initiative. The present report looks at this emerging health issue from the vantage point of adults in the general population who had seen a physician or other health professional in the past 12 months and had been advised to begin or continue to do exercise or other physical activity. About 8 in 10 adults had seen a health professional in the past 12 months during 2000 (80.6%), 2005 (81.2%), and 2010 (79.8%), although estimates varied by demographic subgroups (10–12). Over time, estimates of the percentage of adults being advised to exercise could be influenced by major changes in the characteristics of adults seeing a health professional. In 2010, about one in three adults (32.4%) who had seen a physician or other health professional in the past year had been advised to exercise or do other physical activity, which reflects an upward trend since 2000, moving in the direction of meeting Healthy People 2020 goals. In relative terms, there has been more than a 40% increase—from 22.6% of adults in 2000 to 32.4% in 2010. Although increases were noted for every population and health condition group studied, these increases were larger for some groups than others. The increase in the percentage of adults receiving exercise advice is particularly noteworthy for the oldest age group. In 2000, 15.3% of adults aged 85 and over had been advised to exercise; by 2010, the percentage had increased to 28.9%. Across the chronic health conditions studied, adults with diabetes were the most likely, and those with cancer were the least likely, to have been advised by their physician to exercise. An upward trend of 8–10 percentage points, however, was seen among adults with each of the chronic diseases examined. Adults who were overweight or obese saw among the largest increases over the decade in the percentage receiving a physician’s advice to exercise. The percentage of healthy weight adults receiving exercise advice also increased over the decade, but to a lesser extent. Trends over the past 10 years suggest that the medical community is increasing its efforts to recommend participation in exercise and other physical activity that research has shown to be associated with substantial health benefits. Still, the prevalence of receiving this advice remains well below one-half of U.S. adults and varies substantially across population subgroups.
A Rewriting Approach to Graph Invariants

Diagrammatic calculation is a powerful tool that gets near indispensable when one tries to manage some of the newer algebraic structures that have been popping up in the last couple of decades. Con ...
Low-dose enoximone improves exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Enoximone Study Group.

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of low-dose enoximone on exercise capacity.


BACKGROUND
At higher doses the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enoximone, has been shown to increase exercise capacity and decrease symptoms in heart failure patients but also to increase mortality. The effects of lower doses of enoximone on exercise capacity and adverse events have not been evaluated.


METHODS
This is a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (nine U.S. centers) conducted in 105 patients with New York Heart Association class II to III, ischemic or nonischemic chronic heart failure (CHF). Patients were randomized to placebo or enoximone at 25 or 50 mg orally three times a day. Treadmill maximal exercise testing was done at baseline and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, using a modified Naughton protocol. Patients were also evaluated for changes in quality of life and for increased arrhythmias by Holter monitoring.


RESULTS
By the protocol-specified method of statistical analysis (the last observation carried-forward method), enoximone at 50 mg three times a day improved exercise capacity by 117 s at 12 weeks (p = 0.003). Enoximone at 25 mg three times a day also improved exercise capacity at 12 weeks by 115 s (p = 0.013). No increases in ventricular arrhythmias were noted. There were four deaths in the placebo group and 2 and 0 deaths in the enoximone 25 mg three times a day and enoximone 50 mg three times a day groups, respectively. Effects on degree of dyspnea and patient and physician assessments of clinical status favored the enoximone groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Twelve weeks of treatment with low-dose enoximone improves exercise capacity in patients with CHF, without increasing adverse events.
Clone-specific MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutation status can provide clinical utility in suspected Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

MYD88 L265P, a diagnostic marker for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) can also be detected in other hematopoietic malignancies. We demonstrate a novel approach to increase the specificity of this marker for WM/LPL diagnosis by combining flow cytometric cell sorting with molecular analysis. Clonal B-lymphocyte and co-occurring clonal plasma cell populations of low-grade B-cell lymphomas were sorted by flow cytometry and analyzed for immunoglobulin gene rearrangements (PCR), and for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations. Identical clonal origin was confirmed by PCR for 21 LPL/WM cases and MYD88 L265P was detected in both B-cell and plasma cell fractions. 9/20 other B-cell lymphomas with identical light chain restriction on B-cells and plasma cells were genotypically identical by PCR and MYD88 L265P was detected in both cell fractions in 7/9 whereas in 11/20 specimens with different clonal origin, MYD88 L265P was absent (5/11), or only found in B-lymphocytes (4/11), or plasma cells (2/11). CXCR4 mutations were detected in 17/39 cases, but missed in 63% of these without cell sorting. Confirming MYD88L265P in both B-cells and plasma cell fractions can provide a novel and powerful discriminator to distinguish LPL/WM from phenotypically similar disorders. Furthermore, this approach significantly increases CXCR4 detection sensitivity.
Purely transmitting integrable defects

Some aspects of integrable field theories possessing purely transmitting defects are described. The main example is the sine-Gordon model and several striking features of a classical field theory containing one or more defects are pointed out. Similar features appearing in the associated quantum field theory are also briefly reviewed.
Leveraging Entrepreneurial Orientation to Enhance SME Export Performance An

*This contract was given to the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) for a best doctoral student paper award, presented to the awardees at the USASBE annual meeting. The opinions and recommendations of the authors of this study do not necessarily reflect official policies of the SBA or other agencies of the U.S. government. Note The 2009 Office of Advocacy Best Doctoral Paper award was presented to Pankaj Patel and Rodney D'Souza, doctoral students at the University of Louisville, at the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) annual meeting. Purpose Export strategy has become increasingly important for SMEs in recent years. To realize the full potential of export strategy, SMEs must be able to address challenges in export markets successfully. A firm must have adequate capabilities to meet unique challenges in such efforts. However, SMEs are limited by their access to resources and capabilities. While prior studies have looked at the importance of organizational learning in export strategy, they have overlooked the firm capabilities that facilitate the use of the learning. As firms that partake in export activity are entrepreneurial in nature, these firms would benefit by proactively seeking new markets, engaging in innovative action to meet local market needs, and be able and willing to take risks by venturing into previously unknown markets. The authors of this paper propose that SMEs make use of capabilities such as entrepreneurial orientation in an attempt to reduce impediments to exporting, which in turn could lead to enhanced export performance. This study finds that proactivity and risk-taking play a role in enhancing export performance of SMEs. However, it did not find support for innovation as a factor that enhances export performance. These findings could mean that firms that are proactive in nature are better at reducing export impediments. This is because these firms are able to bring new products quickly into the marketplace, and are better able to anticipate future demand, creating a first mover advantage. The results of the study also suggest that risk-taking firms might choose strategies that move away from the status quo, thereby increasing the firm's engagement in process enhancements, new product services, innovative marketing techniques , and the like. The data for this report were collected for the National Federation of Independent Business by the executive interviewing group of The Gallup Organization. The survey focused on international trade efforts of small manufacturers …
Parental feeding practices and child weight status in Mexican American families: a longitudinal analysis

BACKGROUND
Parental feeding practices are thought to influence children's weight status, through children's eating behavior and nutritional intake. However, because most studies have been cross-sectional, the direction of influence is unclear. Moreover, although obesity rates are high among Latino children, few studies of parental feeding practices have focused on this population.


METHODS
This 2-year longitudinal study examined mutual influences over time between parental feeding practices and children's weight status, in Mexican American families with children 18 years old at baseline. Mothers (n = 322) and fathers (n = 182) reported on their feeding practices at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up. Weight status, defined by waist-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI), was ascertained at all assessments. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine the mutual influences of parental feeding practices and child weight status over time, controlling for covariates.


RESULTS
Both mothers' and fathers' restriction of food predicted higher subsequent child weight status at Year 1, and for fathers this effect was also found at Year 2. Mothers' and fathers' pressure to eat predicted lower weight status among boys, but not girls, at Year 1. Child weight status also predicted some parental feeding practices: boys' heavier weight predicted mothers' less pressure to eat at Year 1, less use of food to control behavior at Year 2, and greater restriction at Year 2; and girls' heavier weight at Year 1 predicted fathers' less pressure to eat and less positive involvement in child eating at Year 2.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides longitudinal evidence that some parental feeding practices influence Mexican American children's weight status, and that children's weight status also influences some parental feeding practices. Feeding practices of both mothers and fathers were related to children's weight status, underscoring the importance of including fathers in research on parental feeding practices and child obesity.