LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effects of daily hassles and eating style on eating behavior.

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the daily hassles-eating behavior relationship and its moderators in a naturalistic setting.


DESIGN
A multilevel diary design was used to examine day-to-day within-person effects of daily hassles on eating behavior (N = 422), together with the individual and simultaneous influence of potential moderating variables.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Daily diary reports of between-meal snacking, fruit and vegetable consumption and perceived variations in daily food intake.


RESULTS
The results showed daily hassles were associated with increased consumption of high fat/sugar snacks and with a reduction in main meals and vegetable consumption. Ego-threatening, interpersonal and work-related hassles were associated with increased snacking, whereas, physical stressors were associated with decreased snacking. The overall hassles-snacking relationship was significantly stronger and more positive at high compared to low levels of restraint, emotional eating, disinhibition, external eating and in females and obese participants. Simultaneous consideration of these moderators indicated that emotional eating was the pre-eminent moderator of the hassles-snacking relationship.


CONCLUSION
Daily hassles were associated with an increase in unhealthy eating behavior. These changes may indicate an important indirect pathway through which stress influences health risk.
Trust Aware Recommender Systems : A Survey on Implicit Trust Generation Techniques

Development of Web 2.0 enabled users to share information online, which results into an exponential growth of world wide web data. This leads to the so-called information overload problem. Recommender Systems (RS) are intelligent systems, helping on-line users to overcome information overload by providing customized recommendations on various items. In real world, people are willing to take advice and recommendation from their trustworthy friends only. Trust plays a key role in the decision-making process of a person. Incorporation of trust information in RS, results in a new class of recommender systems called trust aware recommender systems (TARS). This paper presents a survey on various implicit trust generation techniques in context of TARS. We have analyzed eight different implicit trust metrics, with respect to various properties of trust proposed by researchers in regard to TARS. Keywords—implicit trust; trust aware recommender system; trust metrics.
A Language-Independent Approach to Smart Contract Verification

This invited paper reports the current progress on smart contract verification with the K framework in a language-independent style.
The Influence of Culture on Retail Sales Promotion Use in Chinese Supermarkets

Abstract Current challenges to supermarket retailers posed by the growing popularity of online retail, customer desensitisation to advertising, and globalisation of large grocery retail firms, has led to an increased reliance on sales promotion as a means of attracting and retaining customers. Retailers recognise the need to make the shopping experience more rewarding for the consumer (Keh and Teo 2001), and have a keen understanding of which supplementary activities are likely to achieve this in their market. The difficulty faced by manufacturers, therefore, is in assessing which sales promotion activities that support their own goals will be favoured by retailers in culturally diverse environments. In light of China's attractiveness as an export destination for food products (Lo et al 2001), those wishing to do business effectively in China must understand specifically how sales promotion and culture are linked (Lee 2002). This exploratory study considers the use of, and preferences towards, different sales promotion methods in supermarkets in China and New Zealand, highlighting the potential impact of cultural influence on the application of particular tools.
Challenge on Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

Draft Background The aim of this paper is to present an outline for discussion upon a new Research Challenge on Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. This research challenge has been developed in the scope of project CROSSOVER “Bridging Communities for Next Generation Policy-Making” in the view of the definition of a new Research Roadmap on ICT Tools for Governance and Policy Making, building on the model and the research roadmap developed within the scope of the CROSSROAD project, but with a stronger focus on governance and policy modeling. To this aim CROSSOVER focuses on amending two Grand Challenges, already part of the CROSSROAD roadmap: GC1 ‐ Model‐based Collaborative Governance and GC2 ‐ Data‐powered Collective Intelligence and Action. Each Grand Challenge consists in a number of research challenges. In particular the Grand Challenge 2 embeds the research challenge “Peer to peer public opinion mining”, which we aim to amend, update, improve and validate during the workshop.
Tonal Languages and Cochlear Implants

As a major part of world languages, tonal languages are spoken in every continent except for Australia. In a tonal language, voice pitch variation (i.e., tone) at the monosyllabic level is a segmental structure that conveys lexical meaning of a word (Duanmu 2000). Mandarin Chinese, a tonal language, is spoken by more people than any other single language, including non-tonal languages. While some dialects in southern Mexico may distinguish as many as 14 tones, Chinese dialects typically have 4–6 contrastive tones. Multi-channel cochlear implants (CIs) have been a great success in providing profoundly deafened individuals with satisfactory speech perception in quiet. The contemporary speech-processing strategies deliver primarily temporal-envelope information of speech to the auditory nerve of the implantees (see Loizou 2006 for a review). These strategies do not explicitly code pitch information, because they have been mainly designed to accommodate Western languages that use pitch variation only for suprasegmental structures, such as intonation difference between a statement and a question. Because of the lack of pitch coding, tonal-language understanding remains challenging for implant users. The challenge can be tone recognition as well as tone production in language development. Both temporal and spectral approaches have been taken to improve CI pitch perception. This chapter will describe the acoustical cues for recognition of lexical tones, primarily the Mandarin Chinese tones, and the relative contributions of these cues. This chapter will also discuss results in tone recognition in implant recipients in relation to their differences in demographics, devices, strategies, and psychophysics.
Efficient User, Bit and Power Allocation for Adaptive Multiuser MIMO-OFDM with Low Signalling Overhead

Block diagonalization (BD) of multiple users combined with coordinated transmitter-receiver processing and scheduling between users is a simple and straightforward method to utilize the available spatial degrees of freedom in downlink multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel for increasing the system throughput. In this paper, an efficient user, bit and power allocation algorithm with low signalling overhead (LSO) is proposed for maximizing the downlink spectral efficiency of the adaptive multiuser MIMO-OFDM system with BD decomposition. A greedy allocation algorithm with Hughes-Hartogs loading is also proposed and used as a reference for LSO algorithm. For a small number of users, the performance of LSO algorithm is shown to be very close to the greedy algorithm. Iterative BD decomposition with a single reiteration is shown to provide significant gains to the non-iterative solution. Linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) filter is applied at the receiver to suppress the remaining multi access interference from incomplete orthogonalization together with a simple compensation algorithm with low rate scalar feedback to the transmitter. The proposed MU MIMO-OFDM system is also shown to be robust against imperfect channel state information at the transmitter, providing always superior performance to a time switched single user MIMO-OFDM solution.
Failure mode and effects analysis by data envelopment analysis

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Failure mode and effects analysis Data envelopment analysis Overall risks Risk priority ranking Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a method that examines potential failures in products or processes and has been used in many quality management systems. One important issue of FMEA is the determination of the risk priorities of failure modes. In this paper we propose an FMEA which uses data envelopment analysis (DEA), a well-known performance measurement tool, to determine the risk priorities of failure modes. The proposed FMEA measures the maximum and minimum risks of each failure mode. The two risks are then geometrically averaged to measure the overall risks of failure modes. The risk priorities are determined in terms of overall risks rather than maximum or minimum risks only. Two numerical examples are provided and examined using the proposed FMEA to show its potential applications and benefits. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is an engineering technique used to define, identify and eliminate known and/or potential failures, problems, and errors from the system, design, process, and/or service before they reach the customer [29]. It is also referred to as failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) when used for a criticality analysis. When applying FMEA, a cross-functional and multidisciplinary team identifies failure modes, evaluates their risks and prioritizes them so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken. A failure mode is defined as the manner in which a component, subsystem, system, process, etc. could potentially fail to meet the design intent. A failure mode in one component can serve as the cause of a failure mode in another component. A failure cause is defined as a design weakness that may result in a failure. For each failure mode identified, the FMEA team should determine what the ultimate effect of failure will be. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the product or process as perceived by the customer. The traditional FMEA determines the risk priorities of failure modes through the risk priority number (RPN), which is determined by RPN = O × S × D; ð1Þ where the risk factors O and S are occurrence and severity of a failure, and D is the ability to detect the failure before it reaches the customer. The three risk factors are evaluated using the ratings …
Micro note-taking on smartphone : the learner experience

Note-taking is considered as one of the main activities for students during lectures in the classroom. Indeed, many educators have suggested that note-taking can significantly improve students’ educational performance. Therefore, there are many systems available to capture what the teacher presents or explains during the lectures. However, less attention has been paid to the great potential of integrating Web 2.0 technologies with the learning process at universities for note-taking purposes so as to make it more effective. As such, the purpose of this paper is to extend understanding of learners’ experiences specifically when short text – the 140 characters, often used in social networks – was used for notetaking. The paper presents findings on learners’ experiences of using such a “micro” note-taking approach involving just 140 characters and suggests a feature list for a future note-taking system. The qualitative approach focuses on learners from one university in the UK. The learners were at postgraduate level, and data were collected through focus groups with the learners. Findings indicate that the use of a short text feature leads to a positive learning experience. Keywords— micro note-taking; smartphone; social media; UK.
Relationship between ASIA examination and functional outcomes in the NeuroRecovery Network Locomotor Training Program.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of locomotor training on: (1) the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury examination; (2) locomotion (gait speed, distance); (3) balance; and (4) functional gait speed stratifications after chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).


DESIGN
Prospective observational cohort.


SETTING
Outpatient rehabilitation centers in the NeuroRecovery Network (NRN).


PARTICIPANTS
Individuals (n=225) with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade C or D chronic motor incomplete SCI having completed locomotor training in the NRN.


INTERVENTION
The NRN Locomotor Training Program consists of manual-facilitated body weight-supported standing and stepping on a treadmill and overground.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
AIS classification, lower extremity pin prick, light touch and motor scores, ten-meter walk and six-minute walk tests, and the Berg Balance Scale.


RESULTS
Significant gains occurred in lower extremity motor scores but not in sensory scores, and these were only weakly related to gait speed and distance. Final Berg Balance Scale scores and initial lower extremity motor scores were positively related. Although 70% of subjects showed significantly improved gait speed after locomotor training, only 8% showed AIS category conversion.


CONCLUSIONS
Locomotor training improves gait speed to levels sufficient for independent in-home or community ambulation after chronic motor incomplete SCI. Changes in lower extremity motor and sensory scores do not capture the full extent of functional recovery, nor predict responsiveness to locomotor training. Functional classification based on gait speed may provide an effective measure of treatment efficacy or functional improvement after incomplete SCI.
Self-Organisation and Emergence in MAS: An Overview

The spread of the Internet and the evolution of mobile communication, have created new possibilities for software applications such as ubiquitous computing, dynamic supply chains and medical home care. Such systems need to operate in dynamic, heterogeneous environments and face the challenge of handling frequently changing requirements; therefore they must be flexible, robust and capable of adapting to the circumstances. It is widely believed that multi-agent systems coordinated by selforganisation and emergence mechanisms are an effective way to design these systems. This paper aims to define the concepts of self-organisation and emergence and to provide a state of the art survey about the different classes of self-organisation mechanisms applied in the multi-agent systems domain. Furthermore, the strengths and limits of these approaches are examined and research issues are provided. Povzetek: Članek opisuje pregled samoorganizacije v MAS.
Chronic pain self-management support with pain science education and exercise (COMMENCE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Previous research suggests that self-management programs for people with chronic pain improve knowledge and self-efficacy but result in negligible effects on function. This study will investigate the effectiveness self-management support with pain science education and exercise on improving function for people with chronic pain in comparison to a wait-list control. A secondary objective is to determine which variables help to predict response to the intervention.


METHODS/DESIGN
This study will be an unblinded, randomized controlled trial with 110 participants comparing a 6-week program that includes self-management support, pain science education and exercise to a wait-list control. The primary outcome will be function measured by the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment - Dysfunction Index. Secondary outcomes will include pain intensity measured by a numeric pain rating scale, pain interference measured by the eight-item PROMIS pain interference item-bank, how much patients are bothered by functional problems measured by the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment - Bother Index, catastrophic thinking measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, fear of movement/re-injury measured by the 11-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, sense of perceived injustice measured by the Injustice Experience Questionnaire, self-efficacy measured by the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, pain sensitivity measured by pressure pain threshold and cold sensitivity testing, fatigue measured by a numeric fatigue rating scale, pain neurophysiology knowledge measured by the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire, healthcare utilization measured by number of visits to a healthcare provider, and work status. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 7 and 18 weeks. After the 18-week assessment, the groups will crossover; however, we anticipate carry-over effects with the treatment. Therefore, data from after the crossover will be used to estimate within-group changes and to determine predictors of response that are not for direct between-group comparisons. Mixed effects modelling will be used to determine between-group differences for all primary and secondary outcomes. A series of multiple regression models will be used to determine predictors of treatment response.


DISCUSSION
This study has the potential to inform future self-management programming through evaluation of a self-management program that aims to improve function as the primary outcome.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02422459 , registered on 13 April 2015.
'Dear diary I saw an angel, she looked like heaven on earth': Sex talk and sex education.

In this paper we highlight and address some of the problems involved in teaching HIV/AIDS education in southern and eastern Africa, and especially in generating open discussion among pupils about sex and sexuality. The paper draws on the findings of a UNICEF-funded study, in which we were involved, as research consultants (2001). The study focused on 'young people, gender, sexuality and HIV/AIDS education' and was conducted in Botswana, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In Botswana, Rwanda and Kenya, teachers and young people were interviewed about their attitudes towards and experiences of teaching/learning HIV/AIDS education. Young people were also interviewed more generally, in all the countries, about what it was like being a boy or girl of their age. We argue that HIV/AIDS education, as it is commonly taught, as a series of moral injunctions (against pre marital sex) effectively silences young people, and means that sex 'becomes' naughty when they do talk about it. We propose HIV/AIDS pedagogies, which emulate the practices our researchers adopted when researching the identities and views of boys and girls, especially concerning gender and sexuality. By addressing young people as experts about themselves and in a holistic and non-judgemental way, our interviewees were able to speak about anxieties and pleasures, many of which related to sexuality. This, they had not been able to do with other adults, and even with other children. We focus on the regulation and production of gender identities through the ways boys and girls talked about sex in our interviews and also in their participation in HIV/AIDS classes. In particular we look at how boys and girls 'performed' gender when discussing sexuality with boys often very loud and girls quiet, with boys presenting themselves as sexual and girls presenting themselves as asexual. We argue for approaches to HIV/AIDS education which challenge gender power relations without alienating boys by problematising them, and without reproducing stereotypes of boys as subjects and girls as objects of sexual desire. We examine the implications of this for single sex and mixed group work and for addressing 'sexual harassment'. Importantly, we found that both girls and boys described people of the opposite sex and heterosexual desire very differently in mixed-sex group interviews and in the diaries they kept. Rather than addressing girls and boys as unitary gendered subjects, we argue for approaches in HIV/AIDS education, which are responsive to the different and contradictory ways boys and girls present themselves and talk about sexual desire and the opposite sex in different contexts.
Relation between volume of exercise and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVES
This study determined whether greater volumes of exercise were associated with greater reductions in clinical events.


BACKGROUND
The HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) trial showed that among patients with heart failure (HF), regular exercise confers a modest reduction in the adjusted risk for all-cause mortality or hospitalization.


METHODS
Patients randomized to the exercise training arm of HF-ACTION who were event-free at 3 months after randomization were included (n = 959). Median follow-up was 28.2 months. Clinical endpoints were all-cause mortality or hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization.


RESULTS
A reverse J-shaped association was observed between exercise volume and adjusted clinical risk. On the basis of Cox regression, exercise volume was not a significant linear predictor but was a logarithmic predictor (p = 0.03) for all-cause mortality or hospitalization. For cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization, exercise volume was a significant (p = 0.001) linear and logarithmic predictor. Moderate exercise volumes of 3 to <5 metabolic equivalent (MET)-h and 5 to <7 MET-h per week were associated with reductions in subsequent risk that exceeded 30%. Exercise volume was positively associated with the change in peak oxygen uptake at 3 months (r = 0.10; p = 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with chronic systolic HF, volume of exercise is associated with the risk for clinical events, with only moderate levels (3 to 7 MET-h per week) of exercise needed to observe a clinical benefit. Although further study is warranted to confirm the relationship between volume of exercise completed and clinical events, our findings support the use of regular exercise in the management of these patients.
Reduced oxidative metabolic response in dysfunctional myocardium with preserved glucose metabolism but with impaired contractile reserve.

UNLABELLED
The recovery of function in myocardium defined as viable by (18)F-FDG PET may differ from that defined by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the oxidative metabolic response between myocardial segments with preserved contractile reserve (CR) and those without CR, in segments with and without preserved glucose metabolism (GM), using (11)C-acetate PET.


METHODS
Twenty patients with previous myocardial infarction (left ventricular ejection fraction, 37.1% +/- 16.5%) underwent dynamic (11)C-acetate PET at rest and during dobutamine (7.5 microg/kg/min) infusion. GM was evaluated using (18)F-FDG PET and CR was evaluated using DSE. Dysfunctional segments were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 26) with preserved CR and GM, group B (n = 15) without CR but with preserved GM, and group C (n = 41) without CR and without preserved GM.


RESULTS
Resting oxidative metabolism (k mono = monoexponential clearance rate) was preserved in group A and group B (0.052 +/- 0.011/min vs. 0.051 +/- 0.012/min, P = not significant) but was reduced in group C (0.040 +/- 0.015/min) (P < 0.03 vs. group A and group B). The change in k mono, as a measure of the metabolic response to low-dose dobutamine, was significantly higher in group A (0.018 +/- 0.012) than that in group B (0.0075 +/- 0.0096, P < 0.03) and group C (0.0080 +/- 0.012, P < 0.005).


CONCLUSION
Viable segments based on (18)F-FDG PET have preserved resting oxidative metabolism. However, segments without CR but with preserved GM show a reduction in the oxidative metabolic response to low-dose dobutamine infusion. The decrease in CR may be related to the reduction in the metabolic response to inotropic stimulation despite preservation of tissue viability on (18)F-FDG PET.