LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Detection of tongue cancer in primary care.

BACKGROUND
The incidence of tongue cancer is increasing, and survival has not improved since the majority of patients present at an advanced stage. Patient delay has remained the same over the years and is difficult to influence. Much less is known about the delay in diagnosis caused by physicians and dentists.


AIM
To investigate the detection of tongue cancer in primary care in Northern Finland and to examine the consultation prevalence of oral symptoms in primary care in Finland.


STUDY
Analysis of data from medical records of tongue cancer patients kept between 1 January 1974 and 31 December 1994 for the general health insurance scheme.


SETTING
The two northernmost provinces of Finland (population of 700,000).


METHOD
Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables and on the first medical visit on 75 tongue cancer patients. In addition, primary care physicians recorded all patient visits during four weeks in 25 health centres randomly selected throughout Finland in 1996.


RESULTS
At the initial visit, the tongue cancer patient was correctly referred for further examinations in 49 (65%) cases. In 12 (16%) of cases the patient was not referred but was scheduled for a follow-up visit, and was neither referred nor followed-up in 14 (19%). When compared with the referred patients the median professional delay was somewhat longer for the unreferred patients but increased dramatically if no follow-up was arranged (0.6 months [range = 0.1-2.4] versus 1.2 [range = 0.3-2.2] versus 5.2 [range = 0.7-18.2], P < 0.001). Compared with the referred patients the adjusted relative hazard of death for the non-referred followed-up patients was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-6.5) and that for the non-referred/not followed-up patients 6.3 (95% CI = 1.7-22.9). The high-risk patients included those who sought an early professional evaluation, those who made the appointment for a completely different reason and only mentioned the symptom suggestive of cancer incidentally, those that had a small ulcerative lesion, and blue-collar workers. Oral symptoms were a rare cause of visits (0.55% of all visits) in primary care in Finland.


CONCLUSION
Misdiagnosis of tongue cancer at the initial professional evaluation often leads to a fatal delay if the patient is left without any follow-up.
Speechreading development in deaf and hearing children: introducing the test of child speechreading.

PURPOSE
In this article, the authors describe the development of a new instrument, the Test of Child Speechreading (ToCS), which was specifically designed for use with deaf and hearing children. Speechreading is a skill that is required for deaf children to access the language of the hearing community. ToCS is a deaf-friendly, computer-based test that measures child speechreading (silent lipreading) at 3 psycholinguistic levels: (a) Words, (b) Sentences, and (c) Short Stories. The aims of the study were to standardize the ToCS with deaf and hearing children and to investigate the effects of hearing status, age, and linguistic complexity on speechreading ability.


METHOD
Eighty-six severely and profoundly deaf children and 91 hearing children participated. All children were between the ages of 5 and 14 years. The deaf children were from a range of language and communication backgrounds, and their preferred mode of communication varied.


RESULTS
Speechreading skills significantly improved with age for both groups of children. There was no effect of hearing status on speechreading ability, and children from both groups showed similar performance across all subtests of the ToCS.


CONCLUSION
The ToCS is a valid and reliable assessment of speechreading ability in school-age children that can be used to measure individual differences in performance in speechreading ability.
Amicrobial pustulosis of the folds. Report of 6 cases and a literature review.

BACKGROUND
Amicrobial pustulosis of the folds (APF) is a rare entity characterized by relapsing pustular lesions involving mainly the cutaneous folds. The disease typically occurs in the context of an autoimmune disorder and is classified within the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses.


OBJECTIVE
We studied 6 young females having APF associated with various autoimmune diseases or with the presence of serum autoantibodies and reviewed the literature, in order to give a clinical overview on this syndrome.


METHODS
Various routine and immunological laboratory tests, histopathological examination as well as direct and indirect immunofluorescence examinations were performed. In vitro neutrophil function was evaluated in 5 cases. We report our findings and compare our cases with those published in the literature.


RESULTS
Clinically, at least one major fold and at least one minor fold as well as the anogenital area were always involved. We documented an impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in 2 subjects, neutrophil dysfunction, thus failing to be a verifying criterion.


CONCLUSION
APF is a neutrophilic dermatosis affecting young females, which usually shows a benign clinical behavior. Although systemic corticosteroids are the most widely used therapeutic agents, we suggest that the combination of cimetidine and ascorbic acid represents a safe alternative, which may induce long-lasting clinical remission.
GIFT: Towards Scalable 3D Shape Retrieval

Projective analysis is an important solution in three-dimensional (3D) shape retrieval, since human visual perceptions of 3D shapes rely on various 2D observations from different viewpoints. Although multiple informative and discriminative views are utilized, most projection-based retrieval systems suffer from heavy computational cost, and thus cannot satisfy the basic requirement of scalability for search engines. In the past three years, shape retrieval contest (SHREC) pays much attention to the scalability of 3D shape retrieval algorithms, and organizes several large scale tracks accordingly [1]– [3]. However, the experimental results indicate that conventional algorithms cannot be directly applied to large datasets. In this paper, we present a real-time 3D shape search engine based on the projective images of 3D shapes. The real-time property of our search engine results from the following aspects: 1) efficient projection and view feature extraction using GPU acceleration; 2) the first inverted file, called F-IF, is utilized to speed up the procedure of multiview matching; and 3) the second inverted file, which captures a local distribution of 3D shapes in the feature manifold, is adopted for efficient context-based reranking. As a result, for each query the retrieval task can be finished within one second despite the necessary cost of IO overhead. We name the proposed 3D shape search engine, which combines GPU acceleration and inverted file (t wice), as GIFT. Besides its high efficiency, GIFT also outperforms state-of-the-art methods significantly in retrieval accuracy on various shape benchmarks (ModelNet40 dataset, ModelNet10 dataset, PSB dataset, McGill dataset) and competitions (SHREC14LSGTB, ShapeNet Core55, WM-SHREC07).
The Graviton Production in a Hot Homogeneous Isotropic Universe

It is shown that the RTG predicts an opportunity of the intensive production of gravitons at the early stage of evolution of the homogeneous isotropic Universe. A hypothesis is suggested that the produced gas of gravitons could be just the ``dark matter'' which presently manifests itself as a ``missing mass'' in our Universe.
Impact of more intensive written information in patients having radical radiation therapy: results of a prospective randomized phase III trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
A diagnosis of malignancy and its treatment is a very stressful time for patients and their families. This study was conducted to determine the impact of more intensive written information on patients' anxiety levels. The secondary aim was to determine the impact of this information on patients' satisfaction levels.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective randomized trial consisted of patients with a pathological diagnosis of cancer having radical radiotherapy (RT). Patients were randomized to receive the more intensive information (including written information and a telephone call from the research nurse) or not to receive the more intensive information at the time of their initial consultation with the radiation oncologist. Study questionnaires measuring anxiety (STAI form) were completed prior to their first consultation (baseline) at the time of simulation (pre-RT) and at the completion of radiotherapy. A second questionnaire assessing satisfaction with the information given (ISQ) was completed at the time of simulation prior to commencing RT.


RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-four patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 years and 70% of patients were female. Breast cancer (67%) was the commonest cancer. One hundred and two patients were randomized to receive the intensive information package and 92 patients received the standard consultation. There was no significant difference in mean State or Trait anxiety scores between any of the time intervals and no difference between the two information groups. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to mean satisfaction scores with the overall information given, nor with any individual question. The satisfaction scores with lifestyle information given were lower than those for any other type of information in both randomization arms.


CONCLUSION
More intensive information did not significantly change patients' anxiety scores or satisfaction levels. The patients were generally very satisfied with the information they received but less satisfied with the information on lifestyle issues.
Consumer participation and gender differences on companies' microblogs: A brand attachment process perspective

This paper presents a research model to explicate that the level of consumers’ participation on companies’ brand microblogs is influenced by their brand attachment process. That is, self-congruence and partner quality affect consumers’ trust and commitment toward companies’ brands, which in turn influence participation on brand microblogs. Further, we propose that gender has important moderating effects in our research model. We empirically test the research hypotheses through an online survey. The findings illustrate that self-congruence and partner quality have positive effects on trust and commitment. Trust affects commitment and participation, while participation is also influenced by commitment. More importantly, the effects of self-congruence on trust and commitment are found to be stronger for male consumers than females. In contrast, the effects of partner quality on trust and commitment are stronger for female consumers than males. Trust posits stronger effects on commitment and participation for males, while commitment has a stronger effect on participation for females. We believe that our findings contribute to the literature on consumer participation behavior and gender differences on brand microblogs. Companies can also apply our findings to strengthen their brand building and participation level of different consumers on their microblogs. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fire effects on infiltration rates after prescribed fire in Northern Rocky Mountain forests, USA

Infiltration rates in undisturbed forest environments are generally high. These high infiltration rates may be reduced when forest management activities such as timber harvesting and/or prescribed fires are used. Post-harvest residue burning is a common site preparation treatment used in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA, to reduce forest fuels and to prepare sites for natural and artificial tree regeneration. Prescribed burn operations attempt to leave sites with the surface condition of a lowseverity burn. However, some of the areas often experience surface conditions associated with a high-severity burn which may result in hydrophobic or water repellent conditions. In this study, infiltration rates were measured after logging slash was broadcast burned from two prescribed burns. The two sites were in Northern Rocky coniferous forests of Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir. Simulated rainfall was applied to one-square meter plots in three, 30-min applications at 94 mm h within the three surface conditions found after the burn: unburned-undisturbed areas, low-severity burn areas and high-severity burn areas. Runoff hydrographs from the rainfall simulations were relatively constant from the plots that were in unburned-undisturbed areas and in areas subjected to a low-severity burn. These constant runoff rates indicate constant hydraulic conductivity values for these surface conditions even though there was variation between plots. Hydrographs from the rainfall simulation plots located within areas of high-severity burn indicate greater runoff rates than the plots in low-severity burn areas especially during the initial stages of the first rainfall event. These runoff rates decreased to a constant rate for the last 10 min of the event. These results indicate hydrophobic or water repellent soil conditions, which temporarily cause a 10–40% reduction in hydraulic conductivity values when compared to a normal infiltrating soil condition. Since variability was high for these forest conditions, cumulative distribution algorithms of hydraulic conductivity provide a means to account for the inherent variability associated with these hillslopes and different surface conditions cause by fire. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Protecting SIP Proxy Servers from Ringing-Based Denial-of-Service Attacks

As Internet telephony systems continue to replace existing Public Switched Telephone Network systems, proxy servers running the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) will continue to grow in importance for Voice-over-IP deployments that use SIP for call signaling. Since the protection of the global telecommunications infrastructure is critical to people's everyday lives, ensuring the availability of SIP proxy servers under attack should be a high priority. This paper first describes a disruptive denial-of-service attack that exploits the semantics of the SIP protocol to exhaust resources at a stateful SIP proxy server. Unlike previous approaches that focus on flooding-based denial-of-service attacks, we consider attacks that do not result in high incoming call traffic rates at the SIP proxy server. After describing this semantic-based attack, we then propose a new algorithm to reduce the effects of such an attack. Our algorithm has been implemented in a SIP proxy server and evaluated extensively through experiments on a local testbed.
Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review

BACKGROUND
Whether cannabis can cause psychotic or affective symptoms that persist beyond transient intoxication is unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence pertaining to cannabis use and occurrence of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes.


METHODS
We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Knowledge, ISI Proceedings, ZETOC, BIOSIS, LILACS, and MEDCARIB from their inception to September, 2006, searched reference lists of studies selected for inclusion, and contacted experts. Studies were included if longitudinal and population based. 35 studies from 4804 references were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were done independently and in duplicate.


FINDINGS
There was an increased risk of any psychotic outcome in individuals who had ever used cannabis (pooled adjusted odds ratio=1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.65). Findings were consistent with a dose-response effect, with greater risk in people who used cannabis most frequently (2.09, 1.54-2.84). Results of analyses restricted to studies of more clinically relevant psychotic disorders were similar. Depression, suicidal thoughts, and anxiety outcomes were examined separately. Findings for these outcomes were less consistent, and fewer attempts were made to address non-causal explanations, than for psychosis. A substantial confounding effect was present for both psychotic and affective outcomes.


INTERPRETATION
The evidence is consistent with the view that cannabis increases risk of psychotic outcomes independently of confounding and transient intoxication effects, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong. The uncertainty about whether cannabis causes psychosis is unlikely to be resolved by further longitudinal studies such as those reviewed here. However, we conclude that there is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life.
Landmarks, Critical Paths and Abstractions: What's the Difference Anyway?

We consider the problem of domain-independent planning, which for the reader not familiar with the planning literature can be briefly described as the problem of finding a path from an initial state to some goal state in a large, implicitly defined transition system. Domain-independent planning algorithms routinely solve problems of sizes far beyond the scope of classical graph search algorithms, in some cases exceeding 10 reachable states. More specifically, in this work we are interested in optimal planning, where rather than just producing any solution path (plan), we must guarantee that the generated plan is of minimal length. While optimal planners do not scale to problems of the same size as nonoptimal ones, they can solve many problem instances far beyond the reach of brute-force approaches like breadth-first search. A common and successful algorithm in this setting is heuristic search, either in the space of world states reached through progression (forward search) or in the space of subgoals reached through regression (backward search). Apart from the choice of search algorithm such as A∗ [3] or IDA∗ [10], the main feature that distinguishes heuristic planners is their choice of heuristic estimators, which are functions that receive a state of the problem as an input and generate an estimate of the goal distance of that state as an output. Most current heuristic estimators are based on one of the following four ideas:
Toward Learning Graphical and Causal Process Models

We describe an approach to learning causal models that leverages temporal information. We posit the existence of a graphical description of a causal process that generates observations through time. We explore assumptions connecting the graphical description with the statistical process and what one can infer about the causal structure of the process under these assumptions.
The factors facilitating and inhibiting effective clinical decision-making in nursing: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Nurses' practice takes place in a context of ongoing advances in research and technology. The dynamic and uncertain nature of health care environment requires nurses to be competent decision-makers in order to respond to clients' needs. Recently, the public and the government have criticized Iranian nurses because of poor quality of patient care. However nurses' views and experiences on factors that affect their clinical function and clinical decision-making have rarely been studied. METHODS: Grounded theory methodology was used to analyze the participants' lived experiences and their viewpoints regarding the factors affecting their clinical function and clinical decision-making. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation methods were used to gather the data. Thirty-eight participants were interviewed and twelve sessions of observation were carried out. Constant comparative analysis method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Five main themes emerged from the data. From the participants' points of view, "feeling competent", "being self-confident", "organizational structure", "nursing education", and "being supported" were considered as important factors in effective clinical decision-making. CONCLUSION: As participants in this research implied, being competent and self-confident are the most important personal factors influencing nurses clinical decision-making. Also external factors such as organizational structure, access to supportive resources and nursing education have strengthening or inhibiting effects on the nurses' decisions. Individual nurses, professional associations, schools of nursing, nurse educators, organizations that employ nurses and government all have responsibility for developing and finding strategies that facilitate nurses' effective clinical decision-making. They are responsible for identifying barriers and enhancing factors within the organizational structure that facilitate nurses' clinical decision-making.
Job quality in micro and small enterprises in Ghana: field research results

Based on a study of 50 micro and small enterprises in the Greater Accra region. Explores the quality of work such enterprises offer and examines the potential demand for services that could enable workers and employers to improve their quality of work.
Google Glass Based GPS Navigation Using Smartwatch

In today's world, several wearable devices are becoming popular which gives rise to several possibilities for increased user convenience when doing everyday tasks. In this paper, we propose a wearable smart watch connected with Google glass for the navigation of GPS. The smart watch is used for the GPS navigation whereas the Google glass is used to virtually display the image on the smart watch. The user can feed the destination to the smart watch and the virtual reality image is seen on the Google glass. We give the details of the implementation of the system and we also show how to incorporate information external to images, specifically GPS, to improve the user experience. This paper is used to show the possibilities of implementing the GPS navigation with the help of Google Glass and smartwatch. The existing works suggests various ideas of implementing the GPS navigation, but this method is more efficient and assured working model which guides the user to move in the correct direction as directed in the Google Glass through the GPS signal transmitted by the Smartwatch.
Effect of aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine in schizophrenia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

The simultaneous prescription of two or more antipsychotic drugs in combination is a common treatment strategy for those patients who have demonstrated a suboptimal response to clozapine; nevertheless, evidence suggesting potential advantages of combination treatment with clozapine plus one antipsychotic in terms of efficacy and tolerability are still sparse. The present 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aripiprazole to clozapine therapy in schizophrenia was aimed to explore the efficacy of aripiprazole add-on pharmacotherapy on clinical symptomatology and cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia receiving clozapine. After clinical and neurocognitive assessments patients were randomly allocated to receive, in a double-blind design, either up to 15 mg/day of aripiprazole or a placebo. A final sample of thirty-one patients completed the study. The results obtained indicate that aripiprazole added to stable clozapine treatment showed a beneficial effect on the positive and general psychopathological symptomatology in a sample of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Regarding executive cognitive functions, aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine had no significant effects. The findings provide evidence that aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine treatment is well-tolerated and may be of benefit for patients who are partially responsive to clozapine monotherapy; further double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in a larger number of patients are required to evaluate the therapeutic potential of aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine.