LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers ? Evidence from Japan ’ s FDI in the United States ∗

Recent empirical work has examined the extent to which international trade fosters international “spillovers” of technological information. FDI is an alternate, potentially equally important channel for the mediation of such knowledge spillovers. I introduce a framework for measuring international knowledge spillovers at the firm level, and I use this framework to directly test the hypothesis that FDI is a channel of knowledge spillovers for Japanese multinationals undertaking direct investments in the United States. Using an original firm-level panel data set on Japanese firms’ FDI and innovative activity, I find evidence that FDI increases the flow of knowledge spillovers both from and to the investing Japanese firms. ∗ This paper is a revision of Branstetter (2000a). I would like to thank Natasha Hsieh, Masami Imai,Yoko Kusaka, Grace Lin, Kentaro Minato, Kaoru Nabeshima, and Yoshiaki Ogura for excellent research assistance. I also thank Paul Almeida, Jonathan Eaton, Bronwyn Hall, Takatoshi Ito, Adam Jaffe, Wolfgang Keller, Yoshiaki Nakamura, James Rauch, Mariko Sakakibara, Ryuhei Wakasugi, two anonymous referees, and seminar participants at UC-Davis, UC-Berkeley, Boston University, UC-Boulder, Brandeis University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Northwestern University, UC-San Diego, the World Bank, the University of Michigan, the Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry, and the NBER for valuable comments. Funding was provided by a University of California Faculty Research Grant, a grant from the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership, and the NBER Project on Industrial Technology and Productivity. Note that parts of this paper borrow from Branstetter (2000b) and from Branstetter and Nakamura (2003). I am solely responsible for any errors. ** Lee Branstetter, Columbia Business School, Uris Hall 815, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027; TEL 212-854-2722; FAX 212-854-9895; E-mail lgb2001@columbia.edu
ICTNET at Web Track TREC2014

Abstract : An ad-hoc task in TREC investigates the performance of systems that search a static set of documents using previously- unseen topics. This year, the ClueWeb12 [1] dataset are used. The overall goal of the risk - sensitive task is to explore algorithms and evaluation methods for systems that try to jointly maximize an average effectiveness measure across queries, while minimizing effectiveness losses with respect to a provided baseline. Two baselines from different IR systems are supplied this year in order to understand the nature of risk- reward tradeoffs achievable by a system that can adapt to different baselines. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we discuss the processing of ClueWeb 12, derived data and external resources. In Section 3, the BM25 model with term proximity , the diversification method and the results fusion strategy are introduced. We report experimental results and the corresponding re-ranking strategy in Section 4. Finally, our work is concluded in Section 5.
Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy.

To the Editor: In the Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level (RENAL) Replacement Therapy Study (Oct. 22 issue),1 investigators compared low-intensity versus high-intensity renal-replacement therapy. One of the secondary outcomes was the development of new organ failure. However, the criteria for “nonrenal organ failure” were not provided. Second, in subgroup analyses, the RENAL study showed that there was no mortality benefit with high-intensity treatment in patients with sepsis, cardiovascular dysfunction, or failure of at least one nonrenal organ. In a study involving 1847 critically ill patients receiving renal-replacement therapy, we recently reported that the number of failed organ systems at the time of such therapy had a significant effect on the rate of death in the intensive care unit, ranging from 38% in patients with one organ failure to 85.6% in patients with more than three failed organ systems.2 The RENAL study was not designed to perform subgroup analyses in patients with three or more associated failed organ systems. The question remains whether renal-replacement therapy should be individualized in patients with acute kidney injury and multiorgan failure and whether there is a role for high-intensity renal-replacement therapy in this group.
Mapping EORTC QLQ-C30 onto EQ-5D for the assessment of cancer patients

BACKGROUND
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) is the instrument most frequently used to measure quality of life in cancer patients, whereas the EQ-5D is widely used to measure and evaluate general health status. Although the EORTC QLQ-C30 has been mapped to EQ-5D utilities, those studies were limited to patients with a single type of cancer. The present study aimed to develop a mapping relationship between the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-based utility values at the individual level.


METHODS
The model was derived using patients with different types of cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. The external validation set comprised outpatients with colon cancer. Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the EQ-5D index from the EORTC QLQ-C30 results. The predictability, goodness of fit, and signs of the estimated coefficients of the model were assessed. Predictive ability was determined by calculating the mean absolute error, the estimated proportions with absolute errors > 0.05 and > 0.1, and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE).


RESULTS
A model that included global health, physical, role, emotional functions, and pain was optimal, with a mean absolute error of 0.069 and an RMSE of 0.095 (normalized RMSE, 8.1%). The explanatory power of this model was 51.6%. The mean absolute error was higher for modeled patients in poor health.


CONCLUSIONS
This mapping algorithm enabled the EORTC QLQ-C30 to be converted to the EQ-5D utility index to assess cancer patients in Korea.
A national survey of residents' self-reported work hours: thinking beyond specialty.

PURPOSE
To secure data from residents regarding residency work hours and correlates.


METHOD
A national, random sample of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and year 2 (PGY2) residents in the 1998-1999 training year was identified using the American Medical Association's Graduate Medical Education database. Residents completed a five-page survey with 44 questions and 144 separate data elements relating to their residency experience.


RESULTS
Completed surveys were received from 3,604 of 5,616 (64.2%) residents contacted. PGY1 residents reported working an average of 83 hours a week versus 76.2 hours for PGY2 residents (p <.0001). Total work hours were significantly correlated with reported stress and hours of sleep per week. Residents averaging more than 80 work hours per week were more likely to be involved in a personal accident or injury, a serious conflict with other staff members, and making a significant medical error. Cluster analysis revealed four different types of residency experience: high intensity, moderate intensity, low intensity, and moonlighters, suggesting that residents may have some choice in selecting a residency experience suited to their particular personal and professional needs.


CONCLUSION
Nearly half of PGY1 and one third of PGY2 residents reported working more than 80 hours per week. These extended hours are significantly correlated with a number of patient care and personal health variables. Given the variety of program and specialty requirements and demands, it seems unlikely that an arbitrary limit or a simple decrease in work hours will provide a satisfactory solution to many resident and patient care concerns.
Simulation as a Planning and Scheduling Tool for Flexible Manufacturing Systems

This paper describes a flexible simulation technique which facilitates automated experimentation of different scheduling rules. An enhanced version of Arena/SIMAN is used to develop an extremely high fidelity model of the manufacturing system. The decision making of an FMS is characterized and a framework for simulation-based scheduling and control is also introduced.
Correlational effect size benchmarks.

Effect size information is essential for the scientific enterprise and plays an increasingly central role in the scientific process. We extracted 147,328 correlations and developed a hierarchical taxonomy of variables reported in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology from 1980 to 2010 to produce empirical effect size benchmarks at the omnibus level, for 20 common research domains, and for an even finer grained level of generality. Results indicate that the usual interpretation and classification of effect sizes as small, medium, and large bear almost no resemblance to findings in the field, because distributions of effect sizes exhibit tertile partitions at values approximately one-half to one-third those intuited by Cohen (1988). Our results offer information that can be used for research planning and design purposes, such as producing better informed non-nil hypotheses and estimating statistical power and planning sample size accordingly. We also offer information useful for understanding the relative importance of the effect sizes found in a particular study in relationship to others and which research domains have advanced more or less, given that larger effect sizes indicate a better understanding of a phenomenon. Also, our study offers information about research domains for which the investigation of moderating effects may be more fruitful and provide information that is likely to facilitate the implementation of Bayesian analysis. Finally, our study offers information that practitioners can use to evaluate the relative effectiveness of various types of interventions.
Fuzzy support vector machines

A support vector machine (SVM) learns the decision surface from two distinct classes of the input points. In many applications, each input point may not be fully assigned to one of these two classes. In this paper, we apply a fuzzy membership to each input point and reformulate the SVMs such that different input points can make different contributions to the learning of decision surface. We call the proposed method fuzzy SVMs (FSVMs).
A Low-Cost OMR Solution for Educational Applications

Optical mark recognition (OMR) is a traditional data input technique and an important human computer interaction technique which is widely used in education testing. Aimed at the drawbacks of current OMR technique, a new image-based low cost OMR technique is presented in the paper. The new technique is capable of processing thin papers and low-printing precision answer sheets. The system key techniques and relevant implementations, which include the image scan, tilt correction, scanning error correction, regional deformation correction and mark recognition, are presented. This new technique is proved robust and effective by the processing results of large amount of questionnaires.
A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis with the Accord.NET Framework

This document aims to clarify frequent questions on using the Accord.NET Framework to perform statistical analyses. Here, we reproduce all steps of the famous Lindsay's Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis, in an attempt to give the reader a complete hands-on overview on the framework's basics while also discussing some of the results and sources of divergence between the results generated by Accord.NET and by other software packages.
Analysis of gene and protein name synonyms in Entrez Gene and UniProtKB resources

Analysis of gene and protein name synonyms in Entrez Gene and UniProtKB resources
Study protocol: Transition from localized low back pain to chronic widespread pain in general practice: Identification of risk factors, preventive factors and key elements for treatment – A cohort study

BACKGROUND
Chronic localized pain syndromes, especially chronic low back pain (CLBP), are common reasons for consultation in general practice. In some cases chronic localized pain syndromes can appear in combination with chronic widespread pain (CWP). Numerous studies have shown a strong association between CWP and several physical and psychological factors. These studies are population-based cross-sectional and do not allow for assessing chronology. There are very few prospective studies that explore the predictors for the onset of CWP, where the main focus is identifying risk factors for the CWP incidence. Until now there have been no studies focusing on preventive factors keeping patients from developing CWP. Our aim is to perform a cross sectional study on the epidemiology of CLBP and CWP in general practice and to look for distinctive features regarding resources like resilience, self-efficacy and coping strategies. A subsequent cohort study is designed to identify the risk and protective factors of pain generalization (development of CWP) in primary care for CLBP patients.


METHODS/DESIGN
Fifty-nine general practitioners recruit consecutively, during a 5 month period, all patients who are consulting their family doctor because of chronic low back pain (where the pain is lasted for 3 months). Patients are asked to fill out a questionnaire on pain anamnesis, pain-perception, co-morbidities, therapy course, medication, socio demographic data and psychosomatic symptoms. We assess resilience, coping resources, stress management and self-efficacy as potential protective factors for pain generalization. Furthermore, we raise risk factors for pain generalization like anxiety, depression, trauma and critical life events. During a twelve months follow up period a cohort of CLBP patients without CWP will be screened on a regular basis (3 monthly) for pain generalization (outcome: incident CWP).


DISCUSSION
This cohort study will be the largest study which prospectively analyzes predictors for transition from CLBP to CWP in primary care setting. In contrast to the typically researched risk factors, which increase the probability of pain generalization, this study also focus intensively on protective factors, which decrease the probability of pain generalization.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00003123.
Strategic information systems planning: too little or too much?

Strategic information systems planning (SISP) is a key concern facing top business and information systems executives. Observers have suggested that both too little and too much SISP can prove ineffective. Hypotheses examine the expected relationship between comprehensiveness and effectiveness in five SISP planning phases. They predict a nonlinear, inverted-U relationship thus suggesting the existence of an optimal level of comprehensiveness. A survey collected data from 161 US information systems executives. After an extensive validation of the constructs, the statistical analysis supported the hypothesis in a Strategy Implementation Planning phase, but not in terms of the other four SISP phases. Managers may benefit from the knowledge that both too much and too little implementation planning may hinder SISP success. Future researchers should investigate why the hypothesis was supported for that phase, but not the others. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A human model of inflammatory cardio-metabolic dysfunction; a double blind placebo-controlled crossover trial

Chronic inflammation may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis although evidence of causality is lacking in humans. We hypothesized that very low-dose experimental endotoxemia would induce adipose tissue inflammation and systemic IR during a low-grade but asymptomatic inflammatory response and thus provide an experimental model for future tests of pharmacologic and genomic modulation of cardio-metabolic traits in humans. Ten healthy, human volunteers (50% male, 90% Caucasian, mean age 22.7 ± 3.8) were randomized in a double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study to separate 36-hour inpatient visits (placebo versus intravenous-LPS 0.6 ng/kg). We measured clinical symptoms via the McGill pain questionnaire and serial vital signs. Plasma and serum were collected for measurement of cytokines, C-reactive protein, insulin and glucose, serial whole blood & subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR. HOMA-IR, a well-validated measure of IR was calculated to estimate insulin resistance, and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing (FSIGTT) was performed to confirm an insulin resistant state. We performed ANOVA and within subject ANOVA to understand the differences in cytokines, adipose tissue inflammation and IR before and after LPS or placebo. There was no significant difference between placebo and LPS in clinical responses of symptom scores, body temperature or heart rate. However, low-dose endotoxemia induced a rapid and transient 25-fold induction of plasma TNF-alpha and 100-fold increase in plasma IL-6 (Figure 1B) (p < 0.001 for both) both peaking at two hours, followed by modest inflammation in adipose tissue with increases in mRNA levels of several inflammatory genes known to modulate adipose and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue mRNA levels of IL-6 (peak 6-fold, ANOVA F = 27.5, p < 0.001) and TNF-alpha (peak 1.8-fold, F = 2.9, p = 0.01) increased with MCP-1 (peak 10-fold, F = 5.6, p < 0.01) and fractalkine (CX3CL1) (peak 15-fold, F = 13.3, p < 0.001). Finally, HOMA-IR was 32% higher following LPS compared to placebo (p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity declined by 21% following LPS compared to placebo (p < 0.05). We present a low dose human endotoxemia model of inflammation which induces adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in the absence of overt clinical response. Such a model has the potential for broad and safe application in the study of novel therapeutics and genomic influences in cardio-metabolic disease.
Pollution Status of Pakistan: A Retrospective Review on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water, Soil, and Vegetables

Trace heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. In addition to these metals, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc are also important trace micronutrients. The presence of trace heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious problems to all organisms, and the ubiquitous bioavailability of these heavy metal can result in bioaccumulation in the food chain which especially can be highly dangerous to human health. This study reviews the heavy metal contamination in several areas of Pakistan over the past few years, particularly to assess the heavy metal contamination in water (ground water, surface water, and waste water), soil, sediments, particulate matter, and vegetables. The listed contaminations affect the drinking water quality, ecological environment, and food chain. Moreover, the toxicity induced by contaminated water, soil, and vegetables poses serious threat to human health.
School-based internet-tailored fruit and vegetable education combined with brief counselling increases children's awareness of intake levels.

OBJECTIVE
Children's fruit/vegetable intake is still below recommended levels. This study applied Internet-tailored advice for schoolchildren and Internet-supported brief dietary counselling (with child and parent) within preventive health care to promote fruit/vegetable intake.


SETTING/SUBJECTS
The study involved 30 seventh-grade classes (16 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group) with a total of 675 children aged 9-12 years, of whom 495 were allowed to participate.


DESIGN
A cluster-randomised baseline-post-test experimental design was applied. During school hours, all children completed Internet-administered questionnaires on fruit/vegetable intake and related determinants. Children in the intervention group received immediate online individually tailored nutrition feedback. For each child in the intervention group, a nurse received information concerning the assessment of fruit/vegetable intake via the Internet to support a 5 min counselling protocol to promote fruit/vegetable intake. Children completed a similar post-test questionnaire 3 months after the first assessment. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using multilevel regression analyses.


RESULTS
A total of 486 children (98% of 495) participated (263 in the intervention group, 223 in the control group); 240 child-parent couples in the intervention group attended the counselling. Awareness of inadequate fruit intake (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8-5.3) and knowledge of recommended vegetable intake levels (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.8-4.1) were significantly more likely at post-test in the intervention group than in the control group. No significant effects were found on intake or other determinants.


CONCLUSIONS
A compact, integrated two-component intervention can induce positive changes in knowledge and awareness of intake levels of fruit/vegetables among schoolchildren. To induce changes in intake levels, more comprehensive interventions may be needed.
PLASTIC HINGE INTEGRATION METHODS FOR FORCE-BASED BEAM-COLUMN ELEMENTS

A new plastic hinge integration method overcomes the problems with nonobjective response caused by strain-softening behavior in force-based beam–column finite elements. The integration method uses the common concept of a plastic hinge length in a numerically consistent manner. The method, derived from the Gauss–Radau quadrature rule, integrates deformations over specified plastic hinge lengths at the ends of the beam–column element, and it has the desirable property that it reduces to the exact solution for linear problems. Numerical examples show the effect of plastic hinge integration on the response of force-based beam–column elements for both strain-hardening and strain-softening section behavior in the plastic hinge regions. The incorporation of a plastic hinge length in the element integration method ensures objective element and section response, which is important for strain-softening behavior in reinforced concrete structures. Plastic rotations are defined in a consistent manner and clearly related to deformations in the plastic hinges. DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE 0733-9445 2006 132:2 244 CE Database subject headings: Beam columns; Finite elements; Earthquake engineering; Nonlinear analysis; Plastic hinges; Simulation models.
Extended Semantics and Optimization Algorithms for CP-Networks

Preference elicitation is a serious bottleneck in many decision support applications and agent specification tasks. Ceteris paribus (CP)-nets were designed to make the process of preference elicitation simpler and more intuitive for lay users by graphically structuring a set of CP preference statements—preference statements that most people find natural and intuitive. Beside their usefulness in the process of preference elicitation, CP-nets support efficient optimization algorithms that are crucial in most applications (e.g., the selection of the best action to execute or the best product configuration). In various contexts, CP-nets with an underlying cyclic structure emerge naturally. Often, they are inconsistent according to the current semantics, and the user is required to revise them. In this paper, we show how optimization queries can be meaningfully answered in many “inconsistent” networks without troubling the user with requests for revisions. In addition, we describe a method for focusing the user’s revision process when revisions are truly needed. In the process, we provide a formal semantics that justifies our approach and new techniques for computing optimal outcomes. Some of the methods we use are based on a reduction to the problem of computing stable models for nonmonotonic logic programs, and we explore this relationship closely.