LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide

A two-dimensional honeycomb lattice harbours a pair of inequivalent valleys in the k-space electronic structure, in the vicinities of the vertices of a hexagonal Brillouin zone, K(±). It is particularly appealing to exploit this emergent degree of freedom of charge carriers, in what is termed 'valleytronics'. The physics of valleys mimics that of spin, and will make possible devices, analogous to spintronics, such as valley filter and valve, and optoelectronic Hall devices, all very promising for next-generation electronics. The key challenge lies with achieving valley polarization, of which a convincing demonstration in a two-dimensional honeycomb structure remains evasive. Here we show, using first principles calculations, that monolayer molybdenum disulphide is an ideal material for valleytronics, for which valley polarization is achievable via valley-selective circular dichroism arising from its unique symmetry. We also provide experimental evidence by measuring the circularly polarized photoluminescence on monolayer molybdenum disulphide, which shows up to 50% polarization.
Finding groups of friends who are significant across multiple domains in social networks

Social networking websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Weibo have been used for collaboration and knowledge sharing between users. The mining of social network data has become an important topic in data mining and computational aspects of social networks. Nowadays, it is not uncommon for most users in a social network to have many friends and in multiple social domains. Among these friends, some groups of friends are more significant than others. In this paper, we introduce a data mining technique that helps social network users find groups of friends who are significant across multiple domains in social networks.
Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU).

OBJECTIVE
Butyrate enemas may be effective in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis. Because colonic fermentation of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) yields butyrate, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Plantago ovata seeds as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis.


METHODS
An open label, parallel-group, multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted. A total of 105 patients with ulcerative colitis who were in remission were randomized into groups to receive oral treatment with Plantago ovata seeds (10 g b.i.d.), mesalamine (500 mg t.i.d.), and Plantago ovata seeds plus mesalamine at the same doses. The primary efficacy outcome was maintenance of remission for 12 months.


RESULTS
Of the 105 patients, 102 were included in the final analysis. After 12 months, treatment failure rate was 40% (14 of 35 patients) in the Plantago ovata seed group, 35% (13 of 37) in the mesalamine group, and 30% (nine of 30) in the Plantago ovata plus mesalamine group. Probability of continued remission was similar (Mantel-Cox test, p = 0.67; intent-to-treat analysis). Therapy effects remained unchanged after adjusting for potential confounding variables with a Cox's proportional hazards survival analysis. Three patients were withdrawn because of the development of adverse events consisting of constipation and/or flatulence (Plantago ovata seed group = 1 and Plantago ovata seed plus mesalamine group = 2). A significant increase in fecal butyrate levels (p = 0.018) was observed after Plantago ovata seed administration.


CONCLUSIONS
Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) might be as effective as mesalamine to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis.
Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED
Recent research has supported the use of mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD).


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to compare mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy (MAGT) with cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) with respect to outcome. It was hypothesized that MAGT and CBGT would both be superior to a control group but not significantly different from one another.


METHOD
Individuals (N = 137, mean age = 34 years, 54% female, 62% White, 20% Asian) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to MAGT (n = 53), CBGT (n = 53) or a waitlist control group (n = 31). The primary outcome was social anxiety symptom severity assessed at baseline, treatment midpoint, treatment completion, and 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, acceptance, and rumination. Depression, valued living, and group cohesion were also assessed.


RESULTS
As hypothesized, MAGT and CBGT were both more effective than the control group but not significantly different from one another on social anxiety reduction and most other variables assessed.


CONCLUSIONS
The present research provides additional support for the use of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for SAD, and future research should examine the processes by which these treatments lead to change.
Vaginismus Treatment: Clinical Trials Follow Up 241 Patients

INTRODUCTION
Vaginismus is mostly unknown among clinicians and women. Vaginismus causes women to have fear, anxiety, and pain with penetration attempts.


AIM
To present a large cohort of patients based on prior published studies approved by an institutional review board and the Food and Drug Administration using a comprehensive multimodal vaginismus treatment program to treat the physical and psychologic manifestations of women with vaginismus and to record successes, failures, and untoward effects of this treatment approach.


METHODS
Assessment of vaginismus included a comprehensive pretreatment questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and consultation. All patients signed a detailed informed consent. Treatment consisted of a multimodal approach including intravaginal injections of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and bupivacaine, progressive dilation under conscious sedation, indwelling dilator, follow-up and support with office visits, phone calls, e-mails, dilation logs, and FSFI reports.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Logs noting dilation progression, pain and anxiety scores, time to achieve intercourse, setbacks, and untoward effects. Post-treatment FSFI scores were compared with preprocedure scores.


RESULTS
One hundred seventy-one patients (71%) reported having pain-free intercourse at a mean of 5.1 weeks (median = 2.5). Six patients (2.5%) were unable to achieve intercourse within a 1-year period after treatment and 64 patients (26.6%) were lost to follow-up. The change in the overall FSFI score measured at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Three patients developed mild temporary stress incontinence, two patients developed a short period of temporary blurred vision, and one patient developed temporary excessive vaginal dryness. All adverse events resolved by approximately 4 months. One patient required retreatment followed by successful coitus.


CONCLUSION
A multimodal program that treated the physical and psychologic aspects of vaginismus enabled women to achieve pain-free intercourse as noted by patient communications and serial female sexual function studies. Further studies are indicated to better understand the individual components of this multimodal treatment program. Pacik PT, Geletta S. Vaginismus Treatment: Clinical Trials Follow Up 241 Patients. Sex Med 2017;5:e114-e123.
A Type-Theoretical system for the FraCaS test suite: Grammatical Framework meets Coq

We present a type-theoretical framework for formal semantics, which leverages two existing well established tools: Grammatical Framework (GF) and Coq. The framework is the semantic equivalent of GF’s resource grammars: every syntactic construction is mapped to a (compositional) semantics. Our tool thus extends the standard GF grammar with a formal semantic backbone. We evaluated our framework on 5 sections of the FraCaS test-suite (174 examples) and significantly improved on the state of the art by 14 percentage points, obtaining 83% accuracy. Our semantics is free software and available at this url: http://github.com/GU-CLASP/FraCoq
Preference for Leaders with Masculine Voices Holds in the Case of Feminine Leadership Roles

Human voice pitch research has focused on perceptions of attractiveness, strength, and social dominance. Here we examine the influence of pitch on selection of leaders, and whether this influence varies by leadership role. Male and female leaders with lower-pitched (i.e., masculine) voices are generally preferred by both men and women. We asked whether this preference shifts to favor higher-pitch (i.e., feminine) voices within the specific context of leadership positions that are typically held by women (i.e., feminine leadership roles). In hypothetical elections for two such positions, men and women listened to pairs of male and female voices that differed only in pitch, and were asked which of each pair they would vote for. As in previous studies, men and women preferred female candidates with masculine voices. Likewise, men preferred men with masculine voices. Women, however, did not discriminate between male voices. Overall, contrary to research showing that perceptions of voice pitch can be influenced by social context, these results suggest that the influence of voice pitch on perceptions of leadership capacity is largely consistent across different domains of leadership.
Resistive inspiratory muscle training: its effectiveness in patients with acute complete cervical cord injury.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate if resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT) can improve lung function in patients with complete tetraplegia within half a year after trauma.


DESIGN
A prospective study. The experimental patients received training with a Diemolding Healthcare Division inspiratory muscle trainer for 15 to 20 minutes per session, twice per day, 7 days a week for 6 weeks.


SETTING
Hospital-based rehabilitation units.


PATIENTS
Twenty patients who were in their first 6 months of complete cervical cord injury were randomly enrolled into RIMT (10 patients) and control (10 patients) groups.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Spirometry, lung volume test, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and modified Borg scale measurements at rest were performed before training and at the end of 6 weeks of training.


RESULTS
Most of the pulmonary parameters showed statistically significant improvements within the RIMT and control groups, but the improvements were greater in the RIMT group. In addition, the improvements in total lung capacity, total lung capacity predicted percentage, vital capacity, minute ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted percentage, and the resting Borg scale in the RIMT group showed significantly greater improvement.


CONCLUSION
RIMT can improve ventilatory function, respiratory endurance, and the perceived difficulty of breathing in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury within half a year after trauma.
Dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE
This study compared once-daily dexmethylphenidate extended release (D-MPH-ER) 20 mg/day and placebo over 12 hours in children ages 6 to 12 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a laboratory classroom setting.


METHOD
All of the children were stabilized for > or =2 weeks on a total dose (nearest equivalent) MPH 40 mg/day or immediate-release D-MPH 20 mg/day before screening. After a practice day, they received 6 days of D-MPH-ER 20 mg/day or placebo at home, returning on day 7 for one dose. Subjects were evaluated at predose and postdose hours 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and then crossed over to the other treatment arm using the identical protocol. The primary efficacy variable was the change from predose in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham rating scale (SKAMP) combined score from 1 to 12 hours. Secondary efficacy variables included SKAMP combined score at 0.5 hours, SKAMP subscale scores, and math test results over 12 hours.


RESULTS
Sixty-eight children were randomized, with 67 completing the study. Onset of action was indicated by a significant difference between D-MPH-ER and placebo at 0.5 hour on the SKAMP combined score (p = .001). For efficacy measures, differences from placebo were significant at all points between 0.5 and 12 hours (p < .001 top = .013).


CONCLUSIONS
D-MPH-ER provided sustained improvement in attention, deportment, and academic productivity throughout the 12-hour laboratory day.
FMCW radars for snow research

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars have been used by snow scientists for the past 30 years. This radar technology provides a promising alternative to point measurements, as properties such as snow depth can be measured quickly and nondestructively. Recent advances in microwave FMCWradar technology have resulted in lightweight, portable instrumentation. This is in contrast to the early FMCWradar systemswhichwere often too heavy to cover large distances efficiently. These advanced FMCWradars provide snow scientists and hydrologists with the ability to map snow pack properties, such as depth, snow water equivalent (SWE) and stratigraphy, rapidly over large distances, at high resolution. We discuss the development of FMCW radar over the past 30 years and review the diverse applications of these radars by snow scientists. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Three-Dimensional Robotic Mapping

This paper presents an approach to the generation of three dimensional maps of complex environments that exploits improvements in vehicle location estimation provided by the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm. It is shown that the use of the SLAM algorithm is able to improve the estimated vehicle path, resulting in a higher fidelity model of the environment. The map complexity and the effects of noise in the sensing and localisation processes are reduced by fitting planes to regions representing flat surfaces. Results are shown for the approach applied to a mobile robot equipped with a pair of scanning laser range finders operating in an indoor environment.
Where Is Tom Edison Now That We Need Him?

Summary form only given, as follows. The text of the Dr. Roland Schmitt speech was not available at press time. The text will be published when it becomes available.
IntegratIng BIM Into ConstruCtIon ManageMent eduCatIon

Construction education needs to embrace the opportunities and overcome the challenges presented by Building Information Modeling (BIM) to remain current and relevant. Although a growing number of university architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) programs have begun to offer courses that include BIM content, few programs have strategies in place to fully integrate BIM across curriculum. This paper presents Colorado State Universityˇs (CSU) Construction Management Departmentˇs approach to promote BIM-enabled learning. Fundamental to this effort is balancing student and industry desires and faculty domain expertise, while leveraging industry support and guidance. This paper presents the authorsˇ development of exploratory teaching modules and preliminary research findings to better understand and evaluate the contribution of BIM to studentsˇ educational experiences. The role of BIM as both tool and method in education and industry is not yet fully understood. Industry leaders understand that BIM requires new working processes and are eager to leverage BIM in the education of their future employees. Our pilot program plans to include a course that focuses on the modeling aspects of BIM as a software tool, and currently focuses on the development of “BIM teaching modules” to demonstrate the power of BIM processes across construction management practices. These modules, being developed in collaboration with industry, highlight how BIM impacts best practices and core competencies in a range of applications, while not changing the underlying principles of construction. Through ongoing investigation and pilot implementation, the authors seek to understand and accommodate the imminent transformational shift in construction management education and evolve curriculum to facilitate better learning and understanding through the use of BIM.
Development of virtual reality proprioceptive rehabilitation system for stroke patients

In this study, the virtual reality (VR) proprioception rehabilitation system was developed for stroke patients to use proprioception feedback in upper limb rehabilitation by blocking visual feedback. To evaluate its therapeutic effect, 10 stroke patients (onset>3 month) trained proprioception feedback rehabilitation for one week and visual feedback rehabilitation for another week in random order. Proprioception functions were checked before, a week after, and at the end of training. The results show the click count, error distance and total error distance among proprioception evaluation factors were significantly reduced after proprioception feedback training compared to visual feedback training (respectively, p=0.005, p=0.001, and p=0.007). In addition, subjects were significantly improved in conventional behavioral tests after training. In conclusion, we showed the effectiveness and possible use of the VR to recover the proprioception of stroke patients.
Severe pneumonia mortality in elderly patients is associated with downregulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on monocytes.

BACKGROUND
Elderly patients with pneumonia have a high mortality rate. Since Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is involved in the inflammatory response, we conducted a prospective observational case-control study to assess the relationships of TLR2 and TLR4 mortality with elderly patients with pneumonia.


METHODS
Clinical and laboratory data were collected from these elderly patients with pneumonia (patient group; n = 40) and healthy age-matched subjects (control 1; n = 20). TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels on blood monocytes were examined, and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma concentrations were analyzed.


RESULTS
Increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels were detected in elderly patients with severe pneumonia compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels and IL-1 and IL-6 levels, and TLR2- and TLR4-positive cell percent expressions correlated with TNF-α levels. By day 28 of observation, the mortality rate of the patient group was 30%. Decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression was observed in deceased patients compared with survivors. APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II scores and CURB-65 scores (Confusion, blood Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate and low Blood pressure scores) were lower in survivors.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate a previously undocumented association between mortality in elderly patients with severe pneumonia and decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression. Our results highlight that TLRs can be targeted in the development of improved immune modulation therapies for these patients.
The impact of HAART on cardiomyopathy among children and adolescents perinatally infected with HIV-1.

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies of cardiomyopathy among children perinatally infected with HIV were conducted before the routine use of HAART. Nucleoside analogs [nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)], the backbone of HAART, have been associated with mitochondrial toxicity, which can lead to cardiomyopathy. We evaluated the association of HAART and specific NRTIs associated with mitochondrial toxicity, on development of cardiomyopathy among perinatally HIV-infected children.


DESIGN
Three thousand and thirty-five perinatally HIV-infected children enrolled in a US-based multicenter prospective cohort study were followed for cardiomyopathy, defined as a clinical diagnosis or initiation of digoxin, from 1993 to 2007.


METHODS
Cox models were used to estimate the effects of HAART and NRTIs on cardiomyopathy, identify predictors of cardiomyopathy among HAART users, and estimate the association between development of cardiomyopathy and mortality.


RESULTS
Ninety-nine cases of cardiomyopathy were identified over follow-up (incidence rate: 5.6 cases per 1000 person-years) at a median age of 9.4 years. HAART was associated with a 50% lower incidence of cardiomyopathy compared with no HAART use (95% confidence interval: 20%, 70%). Zalcitabine (ddC) use, however, was associated with an 80% higher incidence of cardiomyopathy. Among HAART users, older age at HAART initiation, ddC use before HAART initiation, initiating a HAART regimen containing zidovudine (ZDV), and a nadir CD4 percentage less than 15% were independently associated with a higher rate of cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy was associated with a six-fold higher mortality rate.


CONCLUSION
HAART has dramatically decreased the incidence of cardiomyopathy among perinatally HIV-infected children. However, they remain at increased risk for cardiomyopathy and ongoing ZDV exposure may increase this risk.
Estimation of charges and critical velocity of plastic particles in triboelectric separator

Two important parameters of triboelectric separation of plastic particles are analyzed: the distribution of their electric charges and their critical velocity (velocity, at which the trajectories of falling particles are not longer significantly influenced by the applied electric field). The analysis is performed by a combination of experimental and theoretical procedures and the complete methodology is illustrated with a typical example.
LEP2 physics and event generators

The present status of four-fermion calculations and event generators for LEP2 physics is reviewed. Perspectives for future improvements are given.
Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation After Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of a Novel Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator in Healthy Subjects.

PURPOSE
Tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of single ascending doses (SADs) and multiple ascending doses (MADs) of PF-06260414, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator, were assessed after oral administration in healthy subjects.


METHODS
Range of SAD and MAD levels tested were 1 to 400 mg and 3 to 100 mg BID, respectively (n = 8 per cohort). In addition, a 60-mg once-daily (n = 8) cohort and a Japanese cohort receiving 30 mg BID (n = 7) also received PF-06260414. Plasma was collected to study PK properties and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones. Tolerability was evaluated from adverse events (AEs), physical examinations, vital signs, ECGs, and clinical laboratory results.


FINDINGS
PF-06260414 was well tolerated with no serious AEs. The most frequently reported AEs were increase in alanine aminotransferase and headache, which were reported by 7 and 3 subjects, respectively. PF-06260414 had fast absorption (median Tmax, approximately 1-2 hours), a mean t½ of approximately 6.9 to 12.8 hours, time-independent PK properties and dose proportionality. Cmax and AUCτ geometric means in Japanese subjects were 98.6% and 79.5% higher than in Western subjects, respectively, but had similar HPG axis modulation. Changes in HPG axis hormones monitored in SADs were similar to placebo. Maximum placebo-corrected modulations were observed for total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in the MAD 100-mg BID regimen.


IMPLICATIONS
This study was the first to compare a number of different factors of PF-06260414, including tolerability, PK and PD properties, and ethnic differences between Japanese and Western healthy subjects. PF-06260414 had favorable PK properties and found that sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, and HDL were most sensitive to modulation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02070939.