LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Review of Modelling Techniques for In Vivo Muscle Force Estimation in the Lower Extremities during Strength Training

BACKGROUND
Knowledge of the musculoskeletal loading conditions during strength training is essential for performance monitoring, injury prevention, rehabilitation, and training design. However, measuring muscle forces during exercise performance as a primary determinant of training efficacy and safety has remained challenging.


METHODS
In this paper we review existing computational techniques to determine muscle forces in the lower limbs during strength exercises in vivo and discuss their potential for uptake into sports training and rehabilitation.


RESULTS
Muscle forces during exercise performance have almost exclusively been analysed using so-called forward dynamics simulations, inverse dynamics techniques, or alternative methods. Musculoskeletal models based on forward dynamics analyses have led to considerable new insights into muscular coordination, strength, and power during dynamic ballistic movement activities, resulting in, for example, improved techniques for optimal performance of the squat jump, while quasi-static inverse dynamics optimisation and EMG-driven modelling have helped to provide an understanding of low-speed exercises.


CONCLUSION
The present review introduces the different computational techniques and outlines their advantages and disadvantages for the informed usage by nonexperts. With sufficient validation and widespread application, muscle force calculations during strength exercises in vivo are expected to provide biomechanically based evidence for clinicians and therapists to evaluate and improve training guidelines.
Effective graph classification based on topological and label attributes

Graph classification is an important data mining task, and various graph kernel methods have been proposed recently for this task. These methods have proven to be effective, but they tend to have high computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to graph classification that is based on feature vectors constructed from different global topological attributes, as well as global label features. The main idea is that the graphs from the same class should have similar topological and label attributes. Our method is simple and easy to implement, and via a detailed comparison on real benchmark datasets, we show that our topological and label feature-based approach delivers competitive classification accuracy, with significantly better results on those datasets that have large unlabeled graph instances. Our method is also substantially faster than most other graph kernels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5: 265–283, 2012
Water quality in sustainable water management

Water pollution is a serious problem as almost 70% of India’s surface water resources and a growing number of its groundwater reserves have been contaminated by biological, organic and inorganic pollutants. Pollution of surface and groundwater resources occurs through point and diffuse sources. Examples of point source pollution are effluents from industries and from sewage-treatment plants. Typical examples of diffuse pollution sources are agricultural runoffs due to inorganic fertilizers and pesticides and natural contamination of groundwater by fluoride, arsenic and dissolved salts due to geo-chemical activities. In pursuit of measures to achieve sustainability in water management, the Centre for Sustainable Technologies (CST) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has begun to address treatment of fluoride-contaminated groundwater for potable requirements. The fluorosis problem is severe in India as almost 80% of the rural population depends on untreated groundwater for potable water supplies. A new method to treat fluoride-contaminated water using magnesium oxide has been developed at IISc. The IISc method relies on precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration techniques and is efficient for a range of groundwater chemistry conditions.
Talking about the Environmental Impact Assessment of Underground Water in Mining Area

This paper introduces the general situation of the environmental impact assessment of mining area,expounds the methods,targets and index system of the environmental impact assessment of underground water in mining area,and expounds the main contents of the environmental impact assessment of water in mining area from three aspects.
Predictors of associated autoimmune diseases in families with type 1 diabetes: results from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium.

BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. The presence of associated autoimmune diseases (AAIDs) may represent a distinct form of autoimmune diabetes, with involvement of specific mechanisms. The aim of this study was to find predictors of AAIDs in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium data set.


METHODS
Three thousand two hundred and sixty-three families with at least two siblings with T1D were included. Clinical information was obtained using questionnaires, anti-GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) and anti-protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) were measured and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping was performed. Siblings with T1D with and without AAIDs were compared and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to find predictors of AAIDs. T1D-associated HLA haplotypes were defined as the four most susceptible and protective, respectively.


RESULTS
One or more AAIDs were present in 14.4% of the T1D affected siblings. Age of diabetes onset, current age and time since diagnosis were higher, there was a female predominance and more family history of AAIDs in the group with AAIDs, as well as more frequent anti-GAD and less frequent anti-IA-2 antibodies. Risk and protective HLA haplotype distributions were similar, though DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 was more frequent in the group with AAIDs. In the multivariate analysis, female gender, age of onset, family history of AAID, time since diagnosis and anti-GAD positivity were significantly associated with AAIDs.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with T1D, the presence of AAIDs is associated with female predominance, more frequent family history of AAIDs, later onset of T1D and more anti-GAD antibodies, despite longer duration of the disease. The predominance of certain HLA haplotypes suggests that specific mechanisms of disease may be involved.
Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing a polypropylene mesh with a poliglecaprone and polypropylene composite mesh for inguinal hernioplasty

The aim of this study was to assess whether partially absorbable monofilament mesh could influence postoperative pain and recurrence after Lichtenstein hernioplasty over the long term. Patients were randomized into two groups that were treated with lightweight (LW) or heavyweight (HW) mesh in 15 centers in Poland. A modified suture technique was used in the lightweight mesh group. Clinical examination was performed. A pain questionnaire was completed five years after the surgery. Of the 392 patients who underwent surgery, 161 (90.81 %) of 177 in the HW group and 195 (90.69 %) of 215 in the LW group were examined according to protocol, a median of 62 (range 57–66) months after hernia repair. There was no difference in the recurrence rate (1.9 % LW vs. 0.6 % HW; P = 0.493). There were 24 deaths in the follow-up period, but these had no connection to the surgery. The patients treated with LW mesh reported less pain in the early postoperative period. After five years of follow-up, the intensity and the presence of pain did not differ between groups (5 patients in the LW and 4 patients in the HW group). Average pain, (VAS score), was also similar in the LW and HW group (2.25 vs. 2.4) at the fifth year postoperatively. The use of partially absorbable mesh reduced postoperative pain during the short-term postoperative period. No difference in pain or recurrence rate was observed at 60 months.
LabCaS: labeling calpain substrate cleavage sites from amino acid sequence using conditional random fields.

The calpain family of Ca(2+) -dependent cysteine proteases plays a vital role in many important biological processes which is closely related with a variety of pathological states. Activated calpains selectively cleave relevant substrates at specific cleavage sites, yielding multiple fragments that can have different functions from the intact substrate protein. Until now, our knowledge about the calpain functions and their substrate cleavage mechanisms are limited because the experimental determination and validation on calpain binding are usually laborious and expensive. In this work, we aim to develop a new computational approach (LabCaS) for accurate prediction of the calpain substrate cleavage sites from amino acid sequences. To overcome the imbalance of negative and positive samples in the machine-learning training which have been suffered by most of the former approaches when splitting sequences into short peptides, we designed a conditional random field algorithm that can label the potential cleavage sites directly from the entire sequences. By integrating the multiple amino acid features and those derived from sequences, LabCaS achieves an accurate recognition of the cleave sites for most calpain proteins. In a jackknife test on a set of 129 benchmark proteins, LabCaS generates an AUC score 0.862. The LabCaS program is freely available at: http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/LabCaS. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The German Version of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) --factorial structure, psychometric properties, and population-based norms.

PURPOSE
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) has often been used in cross-cultural settings and in studies focussing on asylum seekers, refugees etc. It is available in a number of languages. The present study investigates the psychometric properties of the German version of the HSCL-25 and delivers population-based norms.


METHODS
Psychometric properties are investigated in a population-based representative sample of the German general population (N=2516). Seven different factorial models are compared using confirmatory factor analysis.


RESULTS
Two out of the seven models show the best model fit. Because of the high inter-correlations of the factors of the tripartite model, the bifactor model is the preferable factor solution. The internal consistencies (Cronbach's alpha) were 0.84, 0.92, and 0.94 for the anxiety, the depression and the total score, respectively. The correlations of both subscales of this model with the subscales of the Brief-Symptom-Inventory-18 or the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 point out, that there is only marginal differential information of the subscales.


CONCLUSION
Considering the third ("general") factor of the bifactor model with all items loading on it and the absence of differential correlations of the subscales with the external criteria (PHQ-4, BSI-18) the HSCL-25 seems to assess something like "mental distress" with a focus on symptoms of depression and anxiety. The population-based norms support the application of the HSCL-25 for individual diagnostics as well as for the comparison of specific samples with the general population.
Vastus lateralis surface and single motor unit electromyography during shortening, lengthening and isometric contractions corrected for mode-dependent differences in force-generating capacity.

AIM
Knee extensor neuromuscular activity, rectified surface electromyography (rsEMG) and single motor unit EMG was investigated during isometric (60 degrees knee angle), shortening and lengthening contractions (50-70 degrees, 10 degrees s(-1)) corrected for force-velocity-related differences in force-generating capacity. However, during dynamic contractions additional factors such as shortening-induced force losses and lengthening-induced force gains may also affect force capacity and thereby neuromuscular activity. Therefore, even after correction for force-velocity-related differences in force capacity we expected neuromuscular activity to be higher and lower during shortening and lengthening, respectively, compared to isometric contractions.


METHODS
rsEMG of the three superficial muscle heads was obtained in a first session [10 and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] and additionally EMG of (46) vastus lateralis motor units was recorded during a second session (4-76% MVC). Using superimposed electrical stimulation, force-generating capacity for shortening and lengthening contractions was found to be 0.96 and 1.16 times isometric (Iso) force capacity respectively. Therefore, neuromuscular activity during submaximal shortening and lengthening was compared with isometric contractions of respectively 1.04Iso (=1/0.96) and 0.86Iso (=1/1.16). rsEMG and discharge rates were normalized to isometric values.


RESULTS
rsEMG behaviour was similar (P > 0.05) during both sessions. Shortening rsEMG (1.30 +/- 0.11) and discharge rate (1.22 +/- 0.13) were higher (P < 0.05) than 1.04Iso values (1.05 +/- 0.05 and 1.03 +/- 0.04 respectively), but lengthening rsEMG (1.05 +/- 0.12) and discharge rate (0.90 +/- 0.08) were not lower (P > 0.05) than 0.86Iso values (0.76 +/- 0.04 and 0.91 +/- 0.07 respectively).


CONCLUSION
When force-velocity-related differences in force capacity were taken into account, neuromuscular activity was not lower during lengthening but was still higher during shortening compared with isometric contractions.
Multicriteria User Modeling in Recommender Systems

The paper mentions that a hybrid recommender systems framework creates user-profile groups before applying a collaborative-filtering algorithm by incorporating techniques from the multiple-criteria decision-analysis (MCDA) field.
Integer dilation and contraction for quadtrees and octrees

~ Integer dilation and contraction are functions used in conjunction with quadtree and octree mapping systems. Dilation is the process of inserting a number of zeros before each bit in a word and contraction is the process of removing those zeros. Present methods of dilation and contraction involve lookup tables which consume considerable amounts of memory for mappings of large or high resolution display devices but are very fast under practical limits. A method is proposed which rivals the speed of the tabular methods but eliminates the tables, thereby eliminating the associated memory consumption. The proposed method is applicable to both dilation and contraction for both quadtrees and octrees.
Cognitive behavioral psychotherapeutic treatment at a psychiatric trauma clinic for refugees: description and evaluation.

INTRODUCTION
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with trauma focus is the most evidence supported psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD, but few CBT treatments for traumatized refugees have been described in detail.


PURPOSE
To describe and evaluate a manualized cognitive behavioral therapy for traumatized refugees incorporating exposure therapy, mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
85 patients received six months' treatment at a Copenhagen Trauma Clinic for Refugees and completed self-ratings before and after treatment. The treatment administered to each patient was monitored in detail. The changes in mental state and the treatment components associated with change in state were analyzed statistically.


RESULTS
Despite the low level of functioning and high co-morbidity of patients, 42% received highly structured CBT, which was positively associated with all treatment outcomes. The more methods used and the more time each method was used, the better the outcome. The majority of patients were able to make homework assignments and this was associated with better treatment outcome. Correlation analysis showed no association between severity of symptoms at baseline and the observed change.


CONCLUSION
The study suggests that CBT treatment incorporating mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy is promising for traumatized refugees and punctures the myth that this group of patients are unable to participate fully in structured CBT. However, treatment methods must be adapted to the special needs of refugees and trauma exposure should be further investigated.
A new pulse duplicator with a passive fill ventricle for analysis of cardiac dynamics

A new pulse duplicator was designed for evaluation of the performance of ventricular assist devices through pressure–volume (P–V) diagrams of the native heart. A linear drive system in combination with a pusher-plate mechanism was designed as a drive system to implement the passive fill mechanism during diastole of the mock ventricle. The compliances of the native heart during both diastole and systole were simulated by placing a ventricle sack made of soft latex rubber in a sealed chamber and by varying the air-to-fluid volume ratio inside the chamber. The ratio of the capacities of the systemic venous and pulmonary circuits was adjusted to properly reflect the effects of volume shift between them. As the air-to-fluid volume ratio was varied from 1:12.3 to 1:1.58, the contractility of the ventricle expressed by E max varied from 1.75 to 0.56 mmHg/ml with the mean V 0 of 4.58 ml closely mimicking those of native hearts (p < 0.05). Because the E max value of the normal human heart ranges from 1.3 to 1.6, with a value below 1.0 indicating heart failure, the mock ventricle is applicable in simulating the dynamics of the normal heart and the sick heart. The P–V diagram changes seen with rotary blood pump assistance revealed changes similar to those reported by other workers. The effects of the ventricular assist device, either pulsatile or continuous flow, on cardiac dynamics can be easily simulated with this system to derive design criteria for clinical circulatory assist devices.
A multisite randomized trial of the effects of physician education and organizational change in chronic-asthma care: health outcomes of the Pediatric Asthma Care Patient Outcomes Research Team II Study.

BACKGROUND
Traditional primary care practice change approaches have not led to full implementation of national asthma guidelines.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 asthma care improvement strategies in primary care.


DESIGN
Two-year randomized controlled clinical trial.


SETTING
Forty-two primary care pediatric practices affiliated with 4 managed care organizations.


PARTICIPANTS
Children aged 3 to 17 years with mild to moderate persistent asthma enrolled in primary care practices affiliated with managed care organizations.


INTERVENTIONS
Peer leader education consisted of training 1 physician per practice in asthma guidelines and peer teaching methods. Planned care combined the peer leader program with nurse-mediated organizational change through planned visits with assessments, care planning, and self-management support, in collaboration with physicians. Analyses compared each intervention with usual care.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Annualized asthma symptom days, asthma-specific functional health status (Children's Health Survey for Asthma), and frequency of brief oral steroid courses (bursts).


RESULTS
Six hundred thirty-eight children completed baseline evaluations, representing 64% of those screened and eligible. Mean +/- SD age was 9.4 +/- 3.5 years; 60% were boys. Three hundred fifty (55%) were taking controller medication. Mean +/- SD annualized asthma symptom days was 107.4 +/- 122 days. Children in the peer leader arm had 6.5 fewer symptom days per year (95% confidence interval [CI], - 16.9 to 3.6), a nonsignificant difference, but had a 36% (95% CI, 11% to 54%) lower oral steroid burst rate per year compared with children receiving usual care. Children in the planned care arm had 13.3 (95% CI, - 24.7 to -2.1) fewer symptom days annually (-12% from baseline; P =.02) and a 39% (95% CI, 11% to 58%) lower oral steroid burst rate per year relative to usual care. Both interventions showed small, statistically significant effects for 2 of 5 Children's Health Survey for Asthma scales. Planned care subjects had greater controller adherence (parent report) compared with usual care subjects (rate ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.09]).


CONCLUSIONS
Planned care (nurse-mediated organizational change plus peer leader education) is an effective model for improving asthma care in the primary care setting. Peer leader education on its own may also serve as a useful model for improving asthma care, although it is less comprehensive and the treatment effect less pronounced.
Long-term clinical effect of Tangyiping Granules () on patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of Tangyiping Granules (, TYP) on patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to achieve normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and hence preventing them from conversion to diabetes mellitus (DM).


METHODS
In total, 127 participants with IGT were randomly assigned to the control (63 cases, 3 lost to follow-up) and treatment groups (64 cases, 4 lost to follow-up) according to the random number table. The control group received lifestyle intervention alone, while the patients in the treatment group took orally 10 g of TYP twice daily in addition to lifestyle intervention for 12 weeks. The rates of patients achieving NGT or experiencing conversion to DM as main outcome measure were observed at 3, 12, and 24 months after TYP treatment. The secondary outcome measures included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-h insulin (2hINS), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipid and patients' complains of Chinese medicine (CM) symptoms before and after treatment.


RESULTS
A higher proportion of the treatment group achieved NGT compared with the control group after 3-, 12- and 24-month follow-up (75.00% vs. 43.33%, 58.33% vs. 35.00%, 46.67% vs. 26.67%, respectively, P<0.05). The IGT to DM conversion rate of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the end of 24-month follow-up (16.67% vs. 31.67%, P<0.05). Before treatment, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS, 2hINS, HOMA-IR, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and TG levels of the treatment group decreased significantly compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). CM symptoms such as exhaustion, irritability, chest tightness and breathless, spontaneous sweating, constipation, and dark thick and greasy tongue were significantly improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). No severe adverse events occurred.


CONCLUSION
TYP administered at the IGT stage with a disciplined lifestyle delayed IGT developing into type 2 DM.
Behavior of Machine Learning Algorithms in Adversarial Environments

Behavior of Machine Learning Algorithms in Adversarial Environments