LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Language Understanding for Text-based Games using Deep Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, we consider the task of learning control policies for text-based games. In these games, all interactions in the virtual world are through text and the underlying state is not observed. The resulting language barrier makes such environments challenging for automatic game players. We employ a deep reinforcement learning framework to jointly learn state representations and action policies using game rewards as feedback. This framework enables us to map text descriptions into vector representations that capture the semantics of the game states. We evaluate our approach on two game worlds, comparing against baselines using bag-ofwords and bag-of-bigrams for state representations. Our algorithm outperforms the baselines on both worlds demonstrating the importance of learning expressive representations. 1
Estimating the incidence of first unprovoked seizure and newly diagnosed epilepsy in the low-income urban community of Northern Manhattan, New York City.

PURPOSE
To estimate the incidence and mortality associated with first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy in a low-income, predominantly Hispanic community in Northern Manhattan, New York City.


METHODS
We performed a population-based study to determine the incidence of first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy. Participants were Northern Manhattan residents seen at area hospitals and nursing homes between 2003 and 2005. Cumulative probability of mortality and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were also calculated.


RESULTS
Among 209 incident cases identified, 123 (58.9%) presented with an incident single unprovoked seizure. A total of 138 (66.0%) participants were Hispanic and 94 (45.0%) had a median household income under $15,000/year. The overall age and sex-adjusted incidence of all unprovoked seizures was 41.1 (95%CI = 35.4-46.8) per 100,000 person-years. Higher incidence was observed in low-income groups. Incidence among Hispanics was similar to that of non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. The cumulative probability of mortality was 17% (95%CI = 12-24%) by 3 years after diagnosis and was significantly greater in females and in those with an identified etiology. SMRs were significantly increased for all groups with respect to age, Hispanic ethnicity, middle and high income, partial seizure type, and remote symptomatic etiology. Idiopathic/cryptogenic and progressive symptomatic etiologies, low income, gender, and non-Hispanic ethnicity were not associated with a significantly increased SMR.


CONCLUSION
Incidence of first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy did not differ by race-ethnicity. Although lower income was associated with higher incidence, higher income was associated with an increased SMR. Future research should examine reasons for differential incidence by income.
Geographical Distribution , Effect of Season & Life Cycle of Scrub Typhus

Introduction Scrub typhus is an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a tiny parasite about the size of bacteria that belongs to the family Rickettsiaceae. Scrub typhus was first described by Hashimoto from Japan in 1899 (1). The term scrub is used because of the type of vegetation (terrain between woods and clearings) that harbours the vector; however, the name is not entirely correct because certain endemic areas can also be sandy, semi-arid and mountain deserts (2,3). It is reported most often from Southeast Asia and Japan and is the most commonly reported rickettsial infection in India. Globally over one billion people are at risk for scrub typhus and an estimated one million cases occur annually (1).Scrub typhus is also known as tsutsugamushi disease. The name tsutsugamushi is derived from two Japanese words: tsutsuga, meaning something small and dangerous, and mushi, meaning creature. The infection is called scrub typhus because it generally occurs after exposure to areas with secondary (scrub) vegetation. It has recently been found, however, that the disease can also be prevalent in such areas as sandy beaches, mountain deserts, and equatorial rain forests. Therefore, it has been suggested that the names miteborne typhus, or chigger-borne typhus, are more appropriate. Since the disease is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia and the adjacent islands, it is also commonly referred to as tropical typhus Fig 1. Tsutsugamushi Triangle
Competition Policy In Network Industries: An Introduction

We discuss issues of the application of antitrust law and regulatory rules to network industries. In assessing the application of antitrust in network industries, we analyze a number of relevant features of network industries and the way in which antitrust law and regulatory rules can affect them. These relevant features include (among others) network effects, market structure, market share and profits inequality, choice of technical standards, relationship between the number of active firms and social benefits, existence of market power, leveraging of market power in complementary markets, and innovation races. We find that there are often significant differences on the effects of application of antitrust law in network and non-network industries.
DIGS: A Framework for Discovering Goals for Security Requirements Engineering

Context: The security goals of a software system provide a foundation for security requirements engineering. Identifying security goals is a process of iteration and refinement, leveraging the knowledge and expertise of the analyst to secure not only the core functionality but the security mechanisms as well. Moreover, a comprehensive security plan should include goals for not only preventing a breach, but also for detecting and appropriately responding in case a breach does occur. Goal: The objective of this research is to support analysts in security requirements engineering by providing a framework that supports a systematic and comprehensive discovery of security goals for a software system. Method: We develop a framework, Discovering Goals for Security (DIGS), that models the key entities in information security, including assets and security goals. We systematically develop a set of security goal patterns that capture multiple dimensions of security for assets. DIGS explicitly captures the relations and assumptions that underlie security goals to elicit implied goals. We map the goal patterns to NIST controls to help in operationalizing the goals. We evaluate DIGS via a controlled experiment where 28 participants analyzed systems from mobile banking and human resource management domains. Results: Participants considered security goals commensurate to the knowledge available to them. Although the overall recall was low given the empirical constraints, participants using DIGS identified more implied goals and felt more confident in completing the task. Conclusion: Explicitly providing the additional knowledge for the identification of implied security goals significantly increased the chances of discovering such goals, thereby improving coverage of stakeholder security requirements, even if they are unstated.
Cyber-Physical Systems: A New Frontier

The report of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) has placed CPS on the top of the priority list for federal research investment [6]. This article first reviews some of the challenges and promises of CPS, followed by an articulation of some specific challenges and promises that are more closely related to the sensor networks, ubiquitous and trustworthy computing conference.
A fingerprint retrieval system based on level-1 and level-2 features

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.064 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: raffaele.cappelli@unibo.it (R. C bo.it (M. Ferrara). This paper proposes a novel fingerprint retrieval system that combines level-1 (local orientation and frequencies) and level-2 (minutiae) features. Various scoreand rank-level fusion strategies and a novel hybrid fusion approach are evaluated. Extensive experiments are carried out on six public databases and a systematic comparison is made with eighteen retrieval methods and seventeen exclusive classification techniques published in the literature. The novel approach achieves impressive results: its retrieval accuracy is definitely higher than competing state-of-the-art methods, with error rates that in some cases are even one or two orders of magnitude smaller. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optical Character Recognition

Optical character recognition (OCR) is very popular research field since 1950’s. Character recognition techniques associate a symbolic identity with the image of character. In a typical OCR systems input characters are digitized by an optical scanner. Each character is then located and segmented, and the resulting character image is fed into a pre-processor for noise reduction and normalization. Certain characteristics are the extracted from the character for classification. The feature extraction is critical and many different techniques exist, each having its strengths and weaknesses. After classification the identified characters are grouped to reconstruct the original symbol strings, and context may then be applied to detect and correct errors. Keywords— Feature extraction, Segmentation, Template Matching and Correlation.
Back to the bog? Subrick, self-interest, and socialist calculation

In our rejoinder to Subrick's comment, we address Subrick's main concerns with our paper and suggest directions for further research.
Online deception in social media

The unknown and the invisible exploit the unwary and the uninformed for illicit financial gain and reputation damage.
The Situation of the Archaeological Findings in the Area of Cenad (Timiş County) in the Context of Debates on the Cultural Role of this Political, Administrative and Religious Centre in the Middle Ages

Abstract In the context of increasingly intense debates regarding the cultural role that the Comitat of Cenad, and especially the Fortification of Morisena, had in the propagation of religious ideas, political administration and economical implications of this local power center lying at the border of present day Romania and Hungary, our study intends to be a retrospective of archaeological findings till the present time, trying to clarify ‘the landscape’ of sites discovered by now – their spatial distribution, their importance, their relation with the old Morisena power center – but also to capture the topographical- archaeological features specific to this area. Our research combines field work and documentary work in a landscape archaeology study, in order to clarify the situation of this historical area within the medieval cultural landscape. During this study, we try to dismantle Romanian historiography theories based on erroneous data, and to check the authenticity of those based on archaeological findings.
A Dynamic Noise Primitive for Coherent Stylization

We present a new solution for temporal coherence in non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of animations. Given the conflicting goals of preserving the 2D aspect of the style and the 3D scene motion, any such solution is a tradeoff. We observe that primitive-based methods in NPR can be seen as texture-based methods when using large numbers of primitives, leading to our key insight, namely that this process is similar to sparse convolution noise in procedural texturing. Consequently, we present a new primitive for NPR based on Gabor noise, that preserves the 2D aspect of noise, conveys the 3D motion of the scene, and is temporally continuous. We can thus use standard techniques from procedural texturing to create various styles, which we show for interactive NPR applications. We also present a user study to evaluate this and existing solutions, and to provide more insight in the trade-off implied by temporal coherence. The results of the study indicate that maintaining coherent motion is important, but also that our new solution provides a good compromise between the 2D aspect of the style and 3D motion.
ABCB1 and SLCO1B3 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Digoxin Pharmacokinetics in Atrial Fibrillation Patients among the Tunisian Population.

BACKGROUND
Digoxin is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters that are encoded by ABCB1 and SLCO1B3 genes. Genetic polymorphisms in both genes may explain inter-individual variability of serum digoxin concentration (SDC). This study evaluates the possible effect of the most common ABCB1 and SLCO1B3 polymorphisms on SDC after a single oral dose of digoxin in Tunisian atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.


METHODS
ABCB1 and SLCO1B3 genotypes were analyzed in 102 patients with AF who received digoxin (0.5 mg) without (group I, n = 58) or with the co-administration of P-gp inhibitors (group II, n = 44). SDCs were determined at 6 h following the oral dose.


RESULTS
SDCs levels were significantly higher in patients who were co-administered P-gp inhibitors. No influence was noted in ABCB1 and SLCO1B3 polymorphisms on SDC in group I patients. However, SDCs values were significantly different among ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotypes of 2677G>T/A (TT, GG>GT, p < 0.05) and 3435C>T (TT, CC>CT, p < 0.05) only in group II with no effect of 1236C>T and SLCO1B3 SNPs.


CONCLUSION
Results suggest that P-gp inhibitors and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms may affect digoxin pharmacokinetics.
Securing credit card transactions with one-time payment scheme

Traditional credit card payment is not secure against credit card frauds because an attacker can easily know a semisecret credit card number that is repetitively used. Recently one-time transaction number has been proposed by some researchers and credit card companies to enhance the security in credit card payment. Following this idea, we present a practical security enhancement scheme for one-time credit card payment. In our scheme, a hash function is used in generation of one-time credit card numbers with a secret only known to the card holder and issuer. Compared with related work, our scheme places less burden on credit card issuers, and can be easily deployed in on-line or off-line payment scenarios. Analysis and simulation show that the time and space complexity is affordable to the card issuer with desired
Optimum utilization of renewable energy sources in a remote area

Energy is supplied in the form of electricity, heat or fuels and an energy supply system must guarantee sustainable energy supplies, production and distribution of energy. Such system based on renewable energy can be utilized as integrated renewable energy system (IRES), which can satisfy the energy needs of an area in appropriate and sustainable manner. For renewable energy based rural electrification of remote areas, the IRES can be modeled and optimized for meeting the energy needs. For the purpose, the Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India has been selected as remote area. On the basis of field data, the resource potential and energy demand has been estimated. The total load is 808MWh/yr and total available resources are 807MWh/yr, whereas %age contribution of each resources are MHP 15.88% (128166), solar 2.77% (22363), wind 1.89% (15251) and biomass energy 79.46% (641384) kWh/yr. The model has been optimized using LINDO software 6.10 version. The results indicated that the optimized model has been found to the best choice for meeting the energy needs of the area. Renewable energy sources can contribute to the total energy demands as 16.81% (115465), solar 2.27% (15588), wind 1.78% (12201) and biomass energy 79.14% (543546) kWh/yr for the fulfillment of 687 MWh/yr at the 15% reduced level of 808 MWh/yr load. The results further indicated that optimized IRES can provide a feasible solution in terms of energy fulfillments in the range of EPDF from 1.0 to 0.75 because below 0.75 EPDF (0.50–0.25) the deficit start and so that model becomes non-feasible solution. The EPDF is electric power delivery factor and also called optimizing power factor and is maximum equal to 1. The paper reports the results of optimization of IRES models of the study area of Zone 4 of Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Control Architecture Concepts and Properties of an Ontology Devoted to Exchanges in Mobile Robotics

A specific ontology is proposed in the scope of the development of a platform devoted to exchanges between academics and industrials of the robotic domain. This paper presents the tools used for knowledge elicitation, the concepts and properties linked with control architecture, the use of the resulting ontology for description of some scenarios and the tracks for the development of a domain specific language grounded on the ontology. Knowledge elicitation is performed in web ontology language thanks to Protégé ontology editor. The ontology is structured as a set of modules organized around a kernel. Modules addressing systems, information, robot and mission include concepts and properties for control architecture description. The expressivity of the ontology is demonstrated describing architectures for a set of scenarios; urban robotic scenario, air-ground scenario, landmark search scenario and military unmanned aerial vehicles scenario. Finally some tracks for the use of the ontology for developing a domain specific language are given.
Wireless Load Control Device using GSM Module

Abstract. This paper presents Wireless Load Control Device (WLCD) using GSM module. The WLCD consists of PIC18F4550, GSM Module, relay circuit, keypad, and LCD. PIC18F4550 is used as a microcontroller to process the received data and then the output signal is sent for on/off relay switch. The users can on/off load in two ways, either keypad or short message service (SMS). The WLCD can control three loads and the current status of each load is displayed on the LCD. A working prototype of WLCD was built to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of on/off load control through the GSM network.
Corruption in America

We use a data set of federal corruption convictions in the U.S. to investigate the causes and consequences of corruption. More educated states, and to a smaller degree richer states, have less corruption. This relationship holds even when we use historical factors like Congregationalism in 1890 as an instrument for the level of schooling today. The level of corruption is also correlated with the level of income inequality and racial fractionalization, and uncorrelated with the size of government. There is a weak negative relationship between corruption and economic development in a state. These results echo the cross-country findings, and support the view that the correlation between development and good political outcomes occurs because education improves political institutions. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: K4; O1; H0
Respiration Rate Measurement Under 1-D Body Motion Using Single Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Vital Sign Detection System

Random body movement (RBM) is one of the most challenging issues in non-contact vital sign detection using Doppler radar technique. The large and irregular displacement of the human body could corrupt the vital sign signal and significantly degrade the accuracy of detection. Even the respiration rate (RR) sometimes cannot be measured accurately under RBM. In this paper, the characteristic of the frequency spectrum of the vital sign signal under body motion (the motion modulation effect) is analyzed. Based on that effect, an RR measurement method under one-dimensional (1-D) body motion is developed using only one non-contact continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar vital sign detection system. The direction of body motion is extracted along with the new position of the respiration peaks in the frequency spectrum and RR can be calculated. Simulations of the theory using a model of the vital sign detection system are performed, followed by experiments to verify the theory. Experiments are performed on an actuator and a human subject by only one 5.8-GHz non-contact CW vital sign detection system. Under large 1-D body motion that has a displacement 5-10 times larger than the respiratory displacement, the proposed method successfully measures RR with only 7.15% error.
Calibration of a fully polarimetrie 8×8 MIMO FMCW radar system at 77 GHz

State-of-the-art millimeter wave (MMW) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars allow high precision direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with an optimized antenna aperture size [1]. Typically, these systems operate using a single polarization. Fully polarimetric radars on the other hand are used to obtain the polarimetric scattering matrix (S-matrix) and extract polari-metric scattering information that otherwise remains concealed [2]. Combining both approaches by assembly of a dual-polarized waveguide antenna and a 77 GHz MIMO FMCW radar system results in the fully polarimetric MIMO radar system presented in this paper. By applying a MIMO-adapted version of the isolated antenna calibration technique (IACT) from [3], the radar system is calibrated and laboratory measurements of different canonical objects such as spheres, plates, dihedrals and trihedrals are performed. A statistical evaluation of these measurement results demonstrates the usability of the approach and shows that basic polarimetric scattering phenomena are reliably identified.
Code obfuscation techniques for metamorphic viruses

This paper deals with metamorphic viruses. More precisely, it examines the use of advanced code obfuscation techniques with respect to metamorphic viruses. Our objective is to evaluate the difficulty of a reliable static detection of viruses that use such obfuscation techniques. Here we extend Spinellis’ result (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 49(1), 280–284, 2003) on the detection complexity of bounded-length polymorphic viruses to metamorphic viruses. In particular, we prove that reliable static detection of a particular category of metamorphic viruses is an $${\mathcal{NP}}$$ -complete problem. Then we empirically illustrate our result by constructing a practical obfuscator which could be used by metamorphic viruses in the future to evade detection.