LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Towards Finding Optimal Differential Characteristics for ARX : Application to Salsa 20 ⋆

Abstract. An increasing number of cryptographic primitives are built using the ARX operations: addition modulo 2, bit rotation and XOR. Because of their very fast performance in software, ARX ciphers are becoming increasingly common. However, there is currently no rigorous understanding of the security of ARX ciphers against one of the most common attacks in symmetric-key cryptography: differential cryptanalysis. In this paper, we introduce a tool to search for optimal differential characteristics for ARX ciphers. Our technique is very easy to use, as it only involves writing out simple equations for every addition, rotation and XOR operation in the cipher, and applying an off-the-shelf SAT solver. As is commonly done for ARX ciphers, our analysis assumes that the probability of a characteristic can be computed by multiplying the probabilities of each operation, and that the probability of the best characteristic is a good estimate for the probability of the corresponding differential. Using extensive experiments for Salsa20, we find that these assumptions are not always valid. To overcome these issues, we propose a method to accurately estimate the probability of ARX differentials.
Ultrawide-band properties of long slot arrays

In this paper the ultrawide-band properties of a long slot array are described. The study provides the rigorously derived Green's function (GF) for an infinite long slot array. From these GF active impedances and radiation patterns for various cases were obtained. The ultrawide bandwidths and the array performances of such apertures are highlighted, providing physical insights to understand the mathematical formulation throughout the paper.
Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the current prevalence of limb loss in the United States and project the future prevalence to the year 2050.


DESIGN
Estimates were constructed using age-, sex-, and race-specific incidence rates for amputation combined with age-, sex-, and race-specific assumptions about mortality. Incidence rates were derived from the 1988 to 1999 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, corrected for the likelihood of reamputation among those undergoing amputation for vascular disease. Incidence rates were assumed to remain constant over time and applied to historic mortality and population data along with the best available estimates of relative risk, future mortality, and future population projections. To investigate the sensitivity of our projections to increasing or decreasing incidence, we developed alternative sets of estimates of limb loss related to dysvascular conditions based on assumptions of a 10% or 25% increase or decrease in incidence of amputations for these conditions.


SETTING
Community, nonfederal, short-term hospitals in the United States.


PARTICIPANTS
Persons who were discharged from a hospital with a procedure code for upper-limb or lower-limb amputation or diagnosis code of traumatic amputation.


INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of limb loss by age, sex, race, etiology, and level in 2005 and projections to the year 2050.


RESULTS
In the year 2005, 1.6 million persons were living with the loss of a limb. Of these subjects, 42% were nonwhite and 38% had an amputation secondary to dysvascular disease with a comorbid diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It is projected that the number of people living with the loss of a limb will more than double by the year 2050 to 3.6 million. If incidence rates secondary to dysvascular disease can be reduced by 10%, this number would be lowered by 225,000.


CONCLUSIONS
One in 190 Americans is currently living with the loss of a limb. Unchecked, this number may double by the year 2050.
A Hall-effect sensor based instrument for measuring the door-seal gap of heavy trucks on the production line

A proof-of-concept design for an instrument to measure the door-seal gap width on heavy trucks is presented. The door-seal gap is an important specification because if it is too small, the seal becomes over-compressed when the door is closed and exerts too much pressure on the door latch. The proposed design uses a Hall-effect sensor and a permanent magnet in a unipolar, head-on configuration to measure the gap width. Because the relationship between the gap width and sensor output voltage is non-linear, the instrument fits a curve through two calibration data points, and uses this curve to calculate the measured distance from the sensor output voltage. The measurement uncertainty of the instrument was within ±0.5mm over the majority of the desired measurement range, which is within the accuracy range required for this application.
Effect of Core Stabilizing Program on Balance in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy Children

Background: Balance is a component of basic needs for daily activities and it plays an important role in static and dynamic activities. Core stabilization training is thought to improve balance, postural control, and reduce the risk of lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of core stabilizing program on balance in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children. Subjects and Methods: Thirty diplegic cerebral palsy children from both sexes ranged in age from six to eight years participated in this study. They were assigned randomly into two groups of equal numbers, control group (A) children were received selective therapeutic exercises and study group (B) children were received selective therapeutic exercises plus core stabilizing program for eight weeks. Each patient of the two groups was evaluated before and after treatment by Biodex Balance System in laboratory of balance in faculty of physical therapy (antero posterior, medio lateral and overall stability). Patients in both groups received traditional physical therapy program for one hour per day and three sessions per week and group (B) were received core stabilizing program for eight weeks three times per week. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in all measured variables before wearing the orthosis (p>0.05), while there was significant difference when comparing pre and post mean values of all measured variables in each group (p<0.01). When comparing post mean values between both groups, the results revealed significant improvement in favor of group (B) (p<0.01). Conclusion: core stabilizing program is an effective therapeutic exercise to improve balance in diplegic cerebral palsy children.
Tizayuca : A Case Study of Embedded Stones

" Oh God, O father in heaven, you glorify this multitude of flowers. Only in Your shadow, yonder only, can there be a shelter. "-Cantares Mexicanos 189
Going At It Alone: Single-Mother Undergraduate's Experiences

The single-parent undergraduate is an underserved student population who face organizational barriers and negative climates. These barriers negatively impact their collegiate experience and could influence retention. This research uses feminist-informed focus groups to explore the single-parent undergraduate experience and posit suggestions for institutional change.
A Survey on multi-robot systems

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on multi-robot systems, with a focus on multi-robot cooperation and coordination. By primarily classifying multi-robot systems into active and passive cooperative systems, three main research topics of multi-robot systems are focused on: task allocation, multi-sensor fusion and localization. In addition, formation control and coordination methods for multi-robots are reviewed.
Performance of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector

The idea of combining photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors (PVT collectors) to provide electrical and heat energy is an area that has, until recently, received only limited attention. Although PVTs are not as prevalent as solar thermal systems, the integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors into the walls or roofing structure of a building could provide greater opportunity for the use of renewable solar energy technologies. In this study, the design of a novel building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector was theoretically analysed through the use of a modified Hottel-Whillier model and was validated with experimental data from testing on a prototype BIPVT collector. The results showed that key design parameters such as the fin efficiency, the thermal conductivity between the PV cells and their supporting structure, and the lamination method had a significant influence on both the electrical and thermal efficiency of the BIPVT. Furthermore, it was shown that 1 Corresponding Author: Tel.: +64 7 838 4266 Fax: +64 7 838 4835 E-mail address: timothy.anderson@unswAlumni.com (T.N. Anderson) the BIPVT could be made of lower cost materials, such as pre-coated colour steel, without significant decreases in efficiency. Finally, it was shown that by integrating the BIPVT into the building rather than onto the building could result in a lower cost system. This was illustrated by the finding that insulating the rear of the BIPVT may be unnecessary when it is integrated into a roof above an enclosed air filled attic, as this air space acts as a passive insulating barrier.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SMALL ULTRA WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP-FED TAP MONOPOLE ANTENNA

Abstract—This paper presents a planar microstrip-fed tab monopole antenna for ultra wideband wireless communications applications. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is improved by adding slit in one side of the monopole, introducing a tapered transition between the monopole and the feed line, and adding two-step staircase notch in the ground plane. Numerical analysis for the antenna dimensional parameters using Ansoft HFSS is performed and presented. The proposed antenna has a small size of 16 × 19 mm, and provides an ultra wide bandwidth from 2.8 to 28 GHz with low VSWR level and good radiation characteristics to satisfy the requirements of the current and future wireless communications systems.
Bag of Visual Words and Fusion Methods for Action Recognition: Comprehensive Study and Good Practice

Video based action recognition is one of the important and challenging problems in computer vision research. Bag of visual words model (BoVW) with local features has been very popular for a long time and obtained the state-of-the-art performance on several realistic datasets, such as the HMDB51, UCF50, and UCF101. BoVW is a general pipeline to construct a global representation from local features, which is mainly composed of five steps; (i) feature extraction, (ii) feature pre-processing, (iii) codebook generation, (iv) feature encoding, and (v) pooling and normalization. Although many effort s have been made in each step independently in different scenarios, their effects on action recognition are still unknown. Meanwhile, video data exhibits different views of visual patterns , such as static appearance and motion dynamics. Multiple descriptors are usually extracted to represent these different views. Fusing these descriptors is crucial for boosting the final performance of an action recognition system. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive study of all steps in BoVW and different fusion methods, and uncover some good practices to produce a state-of-the-art action recognition system. Specifically, we explore two kinds of local features, ten kinds of encoding methods, eight kinds of pooling and normalization strategies, and three kinds of fusion methods. We conclude that every step is crucial for contributing to the final recognition rate and improper choice in one of the steps may counteract the performance improvement of other steps. Furthermore, based on our comprehensive study, we propose a simple yet effective representation, called hybrid supervector , by exploring the complementarity of different BoVW frameworks with improved dense trajectories. Using this representation, we obtain impressive results on the three challenging datasets; HMDB51 (61.9%), UCF50 (92.3%), and UCF101 (87.9%). © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
SOAP2: an improved ultrafast tool for short read alignment

SUMMARY
SOAP2 is a significantly improved version of the short oligonucleotide alignment program that both reduces computer memory usage and increases alignment speed at an unprecedented rate. We used a Burrows Wheeler Transformation (BWT) compression index to substitute the seed strategy for indexing the reference sequence in the main memory. We tested it on the whole human genome and found that this new algorithm reduced memory usage from 14.7 to 5.4 GB and improved alignment speed by 20-30 times. SOAP2 is compatible with both single- and paired-end reads. Additionally, this tool now supports multiple text and compressed file formats. A consensus builder has also been developed for consensus assembly and SNP detection from alignment of short reads on a reference genome.


AVAILABILITY
http://soap.genomics.org.cn.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether short-time, real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) has long-term salutary glycemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not on prandial insulin.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial of 100 adults with type 2 diabetes who were not on prandial insulin. This study compared the effects of 12 weeks of intermittent RT-CGM with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control over a 40-week follow-up period. Subjects received diabetes care from their regular provider without therapeutic intervention from the study team.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference in A1C at the end of the 3-month active intervention that was sustained during the follow-up period. The mean, unadjusted A1C decreased by 1.0, 1.2, 0.8, and 0.8% in the RT-CGM group vs. 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2% in the SMBG group at 12, 24, 38, and 52 weeks, respectively (P = 0.04). There was a significantly greater decline in A1C over the course of the study for the RT-CGM group than for the SMBG group, after adjusting for covariates (P < 0.0001). The subjects who used RT-CGM per protocol (≥48 days) improved the most (P < 0.0001). The improvement in the RT-CGM group occurred without a greater intensification of medication compared with those in the SMBG group.


CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with type 2 diabetes not on prandial insulin who used RT-CGM intermittently for 12 weeks significantly improved glycemic control at 12 weeks and sustained the improvement without RT-CGM during the 40-week follow-up period, compared with those who used only SMBG.
Similarity search in multimedia databases

The research on multimedia databases involves different areas in Computer Science, such as computer graphics, databases, and information retrieval. There are many practical applications that benefit from this research, e.g., molecular biology, medicine, CAD/CAM, and geography. An important characteristic of these applications is the variety of data that should be supported, e.g., text, images (both still and moving), and audio. This implies that the development of a multimedia information system is considerably more complex than a traditional information system. An important research issue in the field of multimedia databases is the content-based retrieval of similar objects. Given a multimedia query object, the search for an exact match in a database is not meaningful in most applications, because the probability that two multimedia objects are identical is negligible (unless they are digital copies from the same source). For this reason, the development of efficient and effective similarity search techniques has become an important topic in the multimedia database research community. The goal of this advanced technology seminar is to provide an overview of the similarity search problem and to present the state-of-art techniques for performing efficient and effective similarity queries in multimedia databases. The seminar begins with an introduction and a motivation of multimedia databases. The two main approaches for describing multimedia objects (as elements in a metric space or in a vector space) are introduced, as well as a description of the ”Multimedia Content Description Interface” (MPEG)-7 standard. The efficiency issue is addressed for both metric and vector space approaches, describing the data structures and algorithms used to answer similarity queries. For the effectiveness issue, the seminar introduces some widely used retrieval performance measures. Several examples of techniques for particular multimedia applications (text, image, CAD, 3D objects, audio and video) are presented. The seminar outline is as follows:
Structural Properties and Williamson-Hall Analysis of Mn Doped SmFeO3

Abstract We have synthesized SmFe 1-x Mn x O 3 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) by solid state reaction route in order to understand their structural, morphological and dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm single phase nature and the orthorhombic crystal symmetry of our samples. The lattice parameters are determined from the PowderX software, and are found to decrease with increase in Mn concentration. Williamson-Hall-plots are used to investigate physical parameters such as strain, stress, and energy density using different models namely, uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform deformation stress model (UDSM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The strain, stress, energy density and crystallite size increase as the concentration of Mn increases.
Clinical response to the canakinumab in crohn’s disease related artrhritis

Results A 4 years old girl was admitted because of right hip pain. When she was 1 year old was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and taken sulfasalazine and corticosteroid. She had septic arthritis in her right hip one year ago. On admission, we have found pain and limitation in right hip. Also she was growth retardation. In her laboratory findings, acute phase reactants were elevated (white blood cells :20 500 /mm3, Thrombocyte : 596 000/ mm3, ESH:120 mm/h, CRP 50,2 mg/L). She had also anemia (Hemoglobine : 8 gr/dl). We found ANA and HLA B27 were negative. We detected arthritis in right hip joint and bilateral sacroiliac joints in her MRI. Glucocorticoids and methotrexate (MTX) was started effectively; however, the patient did not reach complete remission. Therefore etanercept was added her therapy. We found homozygote MEFV mutation (M694V/M694V) and cholchine was added in her therapy. After one year, a severe arthritis flare occurred, with an aggressive polyarticular course. In consideration of the lack of control obtained through the etanercept administration. We then decided to switch from etanercept to infliximab), which was administered at 7 dose. Despite this therapy, symptoms and laboratory findings did not regress. We started canakinumab (2mg/kg/month) therapy. Her arthritis was recovery on canacinumab in 3 months.
A preliminary study of fMRI-guided rTMS in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.

BACKGROUND
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive method that holds promise for treating several psychiatric disorders. Yet the most effective location and parameters for treatment need more exploration. Also, whether rTMS is an effective treatment for individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been empirically tested. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-guided rTMS is effective in reducing symptoms of GAD.


METHOD
Ten participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of GAD, recruited from the UCLA Anxiety Disorders Program, and between the ages of 18 and 56 years were enrolled in the study from August 2006 to March 2007. A pretreatment symptom provocation fMRI experiment was used to determine the most active location in the prefrontal cortex of the participants. Ten participants completed 6 sessions of rTMS over the course of 3 weeks, stereotactically directed to the previously determined prefrontal location. The primary efficacy measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement of Illness (CGI-I) scale. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction of 50% or more on the HAM-A and a CGI-I score of 1 or 2 ("very much improved" or "much improved," respectively).


RESULTS
Overall, rTMS was associated with significant decreases in HAM-A scores (t = 6.044, p = .001) indicative of clinical improvement in GAD symptoms. At endpoint, 6 (60%) of the 10 participants who completed the study showed reductions of 50% or more on the HAM-A and a CGI-I score of 1 or 2; those 6 subjects also had an endpoint HAM-A score < 8, therefore meeting criteria for remission.


CONCLUSION
Results of the current study suggest that fMRI-guided rTMS treatment may be a beneficial technique for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Limitations include a small sample size and open-label design with a technology that may be associated with a large placebo response. These limitations necessitate further research to determine whether rTMS is indeed effective in treating anxiety disorders.
Late reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction limits the dilatation of left ventricle without the reduction of infarct size.

BACKGROUND
While previous clinical studies have shown a possible beneficial effect of the reperfusion performed at a relatively late phase of acute myocardial infarction ("late reperfusion") in preventing left ventricular enlargement, the mechanism has not been clarified.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Of 89 patients with an initial anterior myocardial infarction, reperfusion was successful in 69. These 69 were divided into three groups according to the time required to achieve reperfusion after the onset of symptoms: early-reperfused (< 3 hours from the onset to reperfusion; n = 22), intermediate-reperfused (3 to 6 hours from the onset to reperfusion; n = 28), and late-reperfused (> 6 hours from the onset to reperfusion; n = 19). The 20 patients whose infarct-related artery were occluded in the acute phase as well as 1 month later was classified as nonreperfused. Infarct size, evaluated as defect volume by 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography 1 month after the onset, was 1593 +/- 652 units (mean +/- SD) in the late-reperfused group, significantly larger (P < .05) than that of the intermediate-reperfused (1066 +/- 546 U) or the early-reperfused groups (372 +/- 453 U) but not different from that of the nonreperfused group (1736 +/- 562 U). Wall motion abnormality index as well as global ejection fraction evaluated by left ventriculography 1 month after the onset showed that late reperfusion did not preserve the left ventricular wall motion and function. These results indicate that the earlier reperfusion decreased the size of the infarction and preserved left ventricular function, whereas late reperfusion (> 6 hours after onset) did not limit infarct size or preserve left ventricular function. In contrast, the end-diastolic volume index did not differ significantly among the early-reperfused (50 +/- 15 mL/m2), intermediate-reperfused (54 +/- 14 mL/m2), and late-reperfused (53 +/- 19 mL/m2) groups; those were significantly smaller than that of the nonreperfused group (68 +/- 12 mL/m2; P < .05). Left ventriculographic data obtained in both the acute and chronic phase in 39 patients showed that left ventricular volumes increased significantly during the course of myocardial infarction only in the nonreperfused group.


CONCLUSIONS
Late reperfusion appeared to prevent ventricular dilatation acute myocardial infarction independent of the limitation of infarct size.