LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cost-sensitive linguistic fuzzy rule based classification systems under the MapReduce framework for imbalanced big data

Classification with big data has become one of the latest trends when talking about learning from the available information. The data growth in the last years has rocketed the interest in effectively acquiring knowledge to analyze and predict trends. The variety and veracity that are related to big data introduce a degree of uncertainty that has to be handled in addition to the volume and velocity requirements. This data usually also presents what is known as the problem of classification with imbalanced datasets, a class distribution where the most important concepts to be learned are presented by a negligible number of examples in relation to the number of examples from the other classes. In order to adequately deal with imbalanced big data we propose the Chi-FRBCS-BigDataCS algorithm, a fuzzy rule based classification system that is able to deal with the uncertainly that is introduced in large volumes of data without disregarding the learning in the underrepresented class. The method uses the MapReduce framework to distribute the computational operations of the fuzzy model while it includes cost-sensitive learning techniques in its design to address the imbalance that is present in the data. The good performance of this approach is supported by the experimental analysis that is carried out over twenty-four imbalanced big data cases of study. The results obtained show that the proposal is able to handle these problems obtaining competitive results both in the classification performance of the model and the time needed for the computation. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Introduction to debriefing.

Debriefing is a lynchpin in the process of learning. As a post-experience analytic process, debriefing is a discussion and analysis of an experience, evaluating and integrating lessons learned into one's cognition and consciousness. Debriefing provides opportunities for exploring and making sense of what happened during an event or experience, discussing what went well and identifying what could be done to change, improve and do better next time. This manuscript serves as an introduction to debriefing, covering a range of topics that include a brief review of its origin, the structure and process of debriefing-specifically in the context of simulation-based medical education, and factors that facilitate effective, successful debriefing. An approach to debriefing immediately after real clinical events will be presented, as well as an evidence-based approach to evaluating debriefing skills of healthcare simulation instructors.
The quantitative measurement of organizational culture in health care: a review of the available instruments.

OBJECTIVE
To review the quantitative instruments available to health service researchers who want to measure culture and cultural change.


DATA SOURCES
A literature search was conducted using Medline, Cinahl, Helmis, Psychlit, Dhdata, and the database of the King's Fund in London for articles published up to June 2001, using the phrase "organizational culture." In addition, all citations and the gray literature were reviewed and advice was sought from experts in the field to identify instruments not found on the electronic databases. The search focused on instruments used to quantify culture with a track record, or potential for use, in health care settings.


DATA EXTRACTION
For each instrument we examined the cultural dimensions addressed, the number of items for each questionnaire, the measurement scale adopted, examples of studies that had used the tool, the scientific properties of the instrument, and its strengths and limitations.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Thirteen instruments were found that satisfied our inclusion criteria, of which nine have a track record in studies involving health care organizations. The instruments varied considerably in terms of their grounding in theory, format, length, scope, and scientific properties.


CONCLUSIONS
A range of instruments with differing characteristics are available to researchers interested in organizational culture, all of which have limitations in terms of their scope, ease of use, or scientific properties. The choice of instrument should be determined by how organizational culture is conceptualized by the research team, the purpose of the investigation, intended use of the results, and availability of resources.
Broadband, Thin-Film, Liquid Crystal Polymer Air-Cavity Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) Package

We have developed a proprietary package that is fully compatible with variously sized chips. In this paper, we present design and development of a Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) package. We will show how we have built and characterized low-loss packages using standard Printed Circuit Board (PCB) laminate materials. In particular, this package has been developed using Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP). These packages are unique in that they fully account for and incorporate solder joint and ball bond wire parasitic effects into design. The package has a large cavity section that allow for a variety of chips and decoupling capacitors to be quickly and easily packaged. Insertion loss through a single package transition is measured to be less than 0.4 dB across DC to 40 GHz. Return losses are measured to be better than 15 dB up through 40 GHz. Further, a bare die low noise amplifier (LNA) is packaged using this technology and measured after being surface mounted onto PCB. The packaged LNA is measured to show 19 dB gain over 32 GHz to 44 GHz. Return loss for both bare die and packaged version show no difference, and both measure 15 dB. The LCP package LNA exhibits 4.5 dB noise figure over 37 GHz to 40 GHz. Keywords-Hybrid integrated circuit packaging, liquid crystal polymer, and microwave devices
Beneficial effects of fresh and fermented kimchi in prediabetic individuals.

BACKGROUND
With the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus, the importance of early intervention in prediabetes has been emphasized. We previously reported that fermented kimchi, a traditional Korean food, reduced body weight and improved metabolic factors in overweight participants. We hypothesized that kimchi and its fermented form would have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in patients with prediabetes.


METHODS
A total of 21 participants with prediabetes were enrolled. During the first 8 weeks, they consumed either fresh (1-day-old) or fermented (10-day-old) kimchi. After a 4-week washout period, they switched to the other type of kimchi for the next 8 weeks.


RESULTS
Consumption of both types of kimchi significantly decreased body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. Fermented kimchi decreased insulin resistance, and increased insulin sensitivity, QUICKI and disposition index values (p = 0.004 and 0.028, respectively). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased significantly in the fermented kimchi group. The percentages of participants who showed improved glucose tolerance were 9.5 and 33.3% in the fresh and fermented kimchi groups, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of kimchi had beneficial effects on glucose metabolism-related and anthropometric factors in participants with prediabetes. Fermented kimchi had additional effects on BP and insulin resistance/sensitivity. The percentage of participants who showed improvement in glucose tolerance was high in the fermented kimchi group.
FakeNewsNet: A Data Repository with News Content, Social Context and Dynamic Information for Studying Fake News on Social Media

Social media has become a popular means for people to consume news. Meanwhile, it also enables the wide dissemination of fake news, i.e., news with intentionally false information, which brings significant negative effects to the society. Thus, fake news detection is attracting increasing attention. However, fake news detection is a non-trivial task, which requires multi-source information such as news content, social context, and spatiotemporal information. First, fake news is written to mislead people, which makes it difficult to detect fake news simply based on news contents. In addition to news contents, we need to explore social contexts such as user engagements and social behaviors. For example, a credible user’s comment that “this is fake news” is a strong signal for detecting fake news. Second, spatiotemporal information such as how fake news and true news propagate and how users’ opinions toward news pieces are changing are very important for extracting useful patterns for (early) fake news detection and intervention. Thus, comprehensive datasets which contain news content, social context, and spatiotemporal information could facilitate fake news propagation, detection, and mitigation; while to the best of our knowledge, existing datasets only contains one or two aspects. Therefore, in this paper, to facilitate fake news related researches, we provide a fake news data repository FakeNewsNet, which contains two comprehensive datasets that includes news content, social context, and spatiotemporal information. We present a comprehensive description of datasets collection, demonstrate an exploratory analysis of this dataset from different perspectives, and discuss the benefits of FakeNewsNet for future applications on fake news study on social media.
Structural resemblance to emotional expressions predicts evaluation of emotionally neutral faces.

People make trait inferences based on facial appearance despite little evidence that these inferences accurately reflect personality. The authors tested the hypothesis that these inferences are driven in part by structural resemblance to emotional expressions. The authors first had participants judge emotionally neutral faces on a set of trait dimensions. The authors then submitted the face images to a Bayesian network classifier trained to detect emotional expressions. By using a classifier, the authors can show that neutral faces perceived to possess various personality traits contain objective resemblance to emotional expression. In general, neutral faces that are perceived to have positive valence resemble happiness, faces that are perceived to have negative valence resemble disgust and fear, and faces that are perceived to be threatening resemble anger. These results support the idea that trait inferences are in part the result of an overgeneralization of emotion recognition systems. Under this hypothesis, emotion recognition systems, which typically extract accurate information about a person's emotional state, are engaged during the perception of neutral faces that bear subtle resemblance to emotional expressions. These emotions could then be misattributed as traits.
Investigating the impact of harmonics on the breakdown of epoxy resin through electrical tree growth

Many studies have investigated the influence of harmonics on insulation life. A limited number of these studies address electrical tree growth characteristics while even fewer employ harmonics maintaining a constant peak voltage. This experimental study sought to quantitatively identify any distinguishing features of electrical tree growth characteristics as a consequence of harmonic content. The total harmonic distortion (THD) and waveshape (Ks) indices were varied to a maximum of 40% and 1.6 respectively. Electrical trees were developed in point-plane geometry using 2 μm tip radius hypodermic needles and a 2 mm gap in epoxy resin (LY/HY 5052) samples. Upon electrical tree initiation, 50 Hz composite waveforms incorporating harmonic content were applied as the excitation waveform at a constant voltage of 14.4 kV peak for 2.5 hours. No change in the electrical tree growth characteristics was identified using the width/length ratio. Electrical tree growth resulting from low power quality reduced operational insulation life and decreased the Weibull shape parameter β with the 7th harmonic displaying particular characteristics worthy of further investigation.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-trap overcomes defects in dendritic cell differentiation but does not improve antigen-specific immune responses.

PURPOSE
Induction of antitumor immune responses requires adequate function of dendritic cells. Dendritic cell defects in cancer patients have been implicated in tumor escape and the limited efficacy of cancer vaccines. Previous studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in abnormal dendritic cell differentiation and function in cancer. It has been proposed that inhibition of VEGF may result in improved immune responses. The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Fifteen patients with refractory solid tumors were enrolled into a phase I clinical trial of VEGF-Trap. Phenotype and function of different subsets of mononuclear cells were measured before and at different time points after the start of treatment.


RESULTS
VEGF-Trap treatment did not affect the total population of dendritic cells, their myeloid or plasmacytoid subsets, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), or regulatory T cells. It significantly increased the proportion of mature dendritic cells. However, that improvement was not associated with an overall increase in immune responses to various antigens and mitogens. A subset analysis revealed significant improvement in immune responses in patients who had no increase in the proportion of MDSC. An improvement in immune responses was absent in patients with an increase in the proportion of MDSC.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhibition of VEGF signaling may improve differentiation of dendritic cells in cancer patients. However, it was not sufficient to improve immune responses. This shows multifaceted nature of immune deficiency and points out to the need for complex approach to modulation of immune reactivity in cancer.
Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review

BACKGROUND
In traditional medicine Cinnamon is considered a remedy for respiratory, digestive and gynaecological ailments. In-vitro and in-vivo studies from different parts of the world have demonstrated numerous beneficial medicinal effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ). This paper aims to systematically review the scientific literature and provide a comprehensive summary on the potential medicinal benefits of CZ.


METHODS
A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus for studies published before 31st December 2012. The following keywords were used: "Cinnamomum zeylanicum", "Ceylon cinnamon", "True cinnamon" and "Sri Lankan cinnamon". To obtain additional data a manual search was performed using the reference lists of included articles.


RESULTS
The literature search identified the following number of articles in the respective databases; PubMed=54, Web of Science=76 and SciVerse Scopus=591. Thirteen additional articles were identified by searching reference lists. After removing duplicates the total number of articles included in the present review is 70. The beneficial health effects of CZ identified were; a) anti-microbial and anti-parasitic activity, b) lowering of blood glucose, blood pressure and serum cholesterol, c) anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging properties, d) inhibition of tau aggregation and filament formation (hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease), e) inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis, f) anti-secretagogue and anti-gastric ulcer effects, g) anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, h) wound healing properties and i) hepato-protective effects. The studies reported minimal toxic and adverse effects.


CONCLUSIONS
The available in-vitro and in-vivo evidence suggests that CZ has many beneficial health effects. However, since data on humans are sparse, randomized controlled trials in humans will be necessary to determine whether these effects have public health implications.
Earthquake-induced loss assessment of steel frame buildings with special moment frames designed in highly seismic regions

This paper discusses an analytical study that quantifies the expected earthquake-induced losses in typical office steel frame buildings designed with perimeter special moment frames in highly seismic regions. It is shown that for seismic events associated with low probabilities of occurrence, losses due to demolition and collapse may be significantly overestimated when the expected loss computations are based on analytical models that ignore the composite beam effects and the interior gravity framing system of a steel frame building. For frequently occurring seismic events building losses are dominated by non-structural content repairs. In this case, the choice of the analytical model representation of the steel frame building becomes less important. Losses due to demolition and collapse in steel frame buildings with special moment frames designed with strong-column/weak-beam ratio larger than 2.0 are reduced by a factor of two compared with those in the same frames designed with a strong-column/weak-beam ratio larger than 1.0 as recommended in ANSI/AISC-341-10. The expected annual losses (EALs) of steel frame buildings with SMFs vary from 0.38% to 0.74% over the building life expectancy. The EALs are dominated by repairs of accelerationsensitive non-structural content followed by repairs of drift-sensitive non-structural components. It is found that the effect of strong-column/weak-beam ratio on EALs is negligible. This is not the case when the present value of life-cycle costs is selected as a loss-metric. It is advisable to employ a combination of loss-metrics to assess the earthquake-induced losses in steel frame buildings with special moment frames depending on the seismic performance level of interest. Copyright c © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DESIGNING AN EDUCATIONAL CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR EUROPEAN PRODUCTION ENGINEERS

Granted by the EU Programme Leonardo da Vinci, a two-year pilot project, EPRODEC (European Production Engineering Certification) has been started. The aim of EPRODEC is to provide an appropriate “E ...
Impact of thrombolysis on stroke outcome at 12 months in a population: the Bern stroke project.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Thrombolysis improves outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke, but it is unknown whether thrombolysis has a measurable effect on long-term outcome in a defined population.


METHODS
We prospectively assessed demographic data, management, and outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted within 48 hours to 18 primary care hospitals of the canton of Bern (969 299 inhabitants) during 12 months. Blinded follow-up was obtained at 3 and 12 months. Predictors of mortality and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) at 3 and 12 months using logistic regression were analyzed.


RESULTS
From December 2007 to December 2008, 807 patients (mean age, 72 years) were included. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was 5; 107 patients (13%) received intravenous, intra-arterial, or mechanical thrombolysis. Estimated cumulative mortality at 3 months was 20.6% and at 12 months 27.4%. Age 75 years or older, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, and higher Charlson comorbidity index were independent predictors of mortality at 3 and 12 months. Estimated favorable outcome at 3 months was 48.2% and at 12 months was 44.6%. Thrombolysis was the only modifiable independent predictor of favorable outcome at 3 (relative risk, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.18-1.89) and 12 months (relative risk, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.24-2.04), whereas age younger than 75 years, male gender, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <4, and lower Charlson comorbidity index were nonmodifiable predictors.


CONCLUSIONS
Thirteen percent of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted within 48 hours to Bernese hospitals underwent thrombolysis, which exerted a measurable effect on 3-month outcome in this population. This effect was sustained at 12 months. Age, stroke severity, Charlson comorbidity index, and male gender were independent nonmodifiable predictors of outcome.
Inchworm-Like Microrobot for Capsule Endoscope

The conventional endoscopes generate pains and discomfort to patients due to the stiffness of their body and cannot reach to small intestines. Therefore, the wireless capsule-type endoscope, M2A, has been developed. However, commercialized capsule-type endoscopes move passively by peristaltic waves (and the gravity), which has limitation for doctors to diagnose more thoroughly and actively. In order to solve this problem, a locomotive mechanism is proposed for wireless capsule-type endoscopes. Based on the tests of various actuators, spring-type SMA actuators are selected as micro actuators for capsule endoscopes. Thus, two-way linear actuators using a pair of SMA springs are developed based on a static analysis on them. Moreover, a simple and effective clamping device is developed based on biomimetic approach. A prototype endoscope with four pairs of SMA springs and four clampers was developed. It is 13 mm in diameter and 33mm in total length, with a hollow space of 7.6 mm in diameter to comprise endoscope components such as a camera, and communication module, sensors, and a battery. A sequential control of the four actuation modules improves the efficiency of locomotion up to four times. For feasibility test of proposed locomotive mechanism, a series of experiments were carried out including in-vitro tests. Based on results of the experiments, we conclude that the proposed locomotive mechanism is effective to be used for micro capsule-type endoscopes
Simultaneous use of non-medical ADHD prescription stimulants and alcohol among undergraduate students.

BACKGROUND
Use of prescription stimulants used to treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) for reasons other than prescribed, known as non-medical use, is a growing problem among undergraduates. Previous studies show that non-medical prescription stimulant (NMPS) users consume more alcohol than individuals who do not use NMPS. However, research on simultaneous use of NMPS and alcohol is limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the prevalence of simultaneous use of alcohol and NMPS; (2) examine predictors and consequences of simultaneous NMPS and alcohol use among undergraduates.


METHODS
In fall 2009, 4090 students from eight North Carolina universities completed a web-based survey.


RESULTS
Past year prevalence of NMPS use among this sample was 10.6% and simultaneous use of NMPS with alcohol was 4.9%. Among NMPS users, 46.4% used NMPS simultaneously with alcohol within the past year. Multivariable analysis revealed that simultaneous NMPS and alcohol use was associated with low grade point averages, use of other substances, and increased alcohol-related consequences. Simultaneous NMPS and alcohol users reported experiencing significantly more negative consequences than either past year drinkers who did not use prescription stimulants and concurrent NMPS and alcohol users (use over the past year but not at the same time).


CONCLUSIONS
Simultaneous use of NMPS and alcohol is high among NMPS users in our sample of undergraduate students. Simultaneous users are at increased risk of experiencing negative consequences. Thus, prevention and intervention efforts should include a focus on simultaneous NMPS and alcohol use.