LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mucocutaneous manifestations in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of literature

Patients diagnosed with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) often have skin and oral lesions as part of their presentation. These mucocutaneous lesions, as defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1997, include malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity and oral ulcers. It is therefore essential to recognize mucocutaneous lesions to accurately diagnose JSLE. The mucocutaneous lesions can be divided into those with classical histological features (LE specific) and those strongly associated with and forming part of the diagnostic spectrum, but without the classical histological changes of lupus (LE nonspecific). A malar rash is the most commonly associated LE specific dermatological presentation. This skin manifestation is an acute form and also correlates with disease activity. Subacute (polycyclic or papulosquamous lesions) and chronic (discoid lesions) forms, whilst showing classical histological changes supportive of lupus, are less commonly associated with systemic lupus and do not correlate with disease activity. The most commonly associated skin lesions without classical lupus changes are cutaneous vasculitis, oral ulcers and diffuse non-scarring alopecia. These signs frequently relate to disease activity. An understanding of cutaneous signs and symptoms of lupus in children is important to avoid delay in diagnosis. They will often improve as lupus is adequately controlled and their reappearance is often the first indicator of a disease flare.
Daily variation in fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution and urinary concentrations of lung Clara cell protein CC16.

BACKGROUND
Daily variations in ambient particulate air pollution have been associated with respiratory mortality and morbidity.


AIMS
To assess the associations between urinary concentration of lung Clara cell protein CC16, a marker for lung damage, and daily variation in fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution.


METHODS
Spot urinary samples (n = 1249) were collected biweekly for six months in subjects with coronary heart disease in Amsterdam, Netherlands (n = 37), Erfurt, Germany (n = 47), and Helsinki, Finland (n = 47). Ambient particulate air pollution was monitored at a central site in each city.


RESULTS
The mean 24 hour number concentration of ultrafine particles was 17.3x10(3) cm(-3) in Amsterdam, 21.1x10(3) cm(-3) in Erfurt, and 17.0x10(3) cm(-3) in Helsinki. The mean 24 hour PM2.5 concentrations were 20, 23, and 13 microg/m3, respectively. Daily variation in ultrafine particle levels was not associated with CC16. In contrast, CC16 concentration seemed to increase with increasing levels of PM2.5 in Helsinki, especially among subjects with lung disorders. No clear associations were observed in Amsterdam and Erfurt. In Helsinki, the CC16 concentration increased by 20.2% (95% CI 6.9 to 33.5) per 10 microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration (lag 2). The respective pooled effect estimate was 2.1% (95% CI -1.3 to 5.6).


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that exposure to particulate air pollution may lead to increased epithelial barrier permeability in lungs.
File Encryption and Decryption Using Secure RSA

In this paper we have introduced secure RSA for secure file transmission. There are many cases where we need secure file transmission for example in banking transactions, eshopping etc [4]. In this paper we present modified RSA algorithm for secure file transmission. RSA algorithm is asymmetric key cryptography also called Public Key cryptography. Two keys are generated in RSA, one key is used for encryption &other key which is only known to authenticated receiver can decrypt message. No other key can decrypt the message. Every communicating party needs just a key pair for communicating with any number of other communicating parties. Once someone obtains a key pair, he /she can communicate with anyone else. RSA is a well known public key cryptography algorithm and was one of the first great advances in public key cryptography. Even if it is efficient algorithm it is vulnerable to attackers. With the help of all brute force attacks hacker can obtain private key.Many improvements has been done to improve RSA like BATCH RSA, MultiPrime RSA, MultiPower RSA, Rebalanced RSA, RPrime RSA etc. As craze of internet is increasing exponentially, it is used for email, chatting, transferring data and files from one end to other. It needs to be a secure communication among the two parties [4]. This paper focuses on file transfer using Secure RSA, which eliminates some loopholes of RSA that might prevent a hacker from stealing and misuse of data. This paper also presents comparison between RSA file transfer and Secure RSA file
EFFECT OF NEBULIZED IPRATROPIUM ON THE HOSPITALIZATION RATES OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA

A BSTRACT Background Anticholinergic medications such as ipratropium improve the pulmonary function of patients with acute exacerbations of asthma, but their effect on hospitalization rates is uncertain. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 434 children (2 to 18 years old) who had acute exacerbations of moderate or severe asthma treated in the emergency department. All the children received a nebulized solution of albuterol (2.5 or 5 mg per dose, depending on body weight) every 20 minutes for three doses and then as needed. A corticosteroid (2 mg of prednisone or prednisolone per kilogram of body weight) was given orally with the second dose of albuterol. Children in the treatment group received 500 m g (2.5 ml) of ipratropium bromide with the second and third doses of albuterol; children in the control group received 2.5 ml of normal saline at these times. Results Overall, the rate of hospitalization was lower in the ipratropium group (59 of 215 children [27.4 percent]) than in the control group (80 of 219 [36.5 percent], P=0.05). For patients with moderate asthma (indicated by a peak expiratory flow rate of 50 to 70 percent of the predicted value or an asthma score of 8 to 11 on a 15-point scale), hospitalization rates were similar in the two groups (ipratropium: 8 of 79 children [10.1 percent]; control: 9 of 84 [10.7 percent]). For patients with severe asthma (defined as a peak expiratory flow rate of <50 percent of the predicted value or an asthma score of 12 to 15), the addition of ipratropium significantly reduced the need for hospitalization (51 of 136 children [37.5 percent], as compared with 71 of 135 [52.6 percent] in the control group; P=0.02). Conclusions Among children with a severe exacerbation of asthma, the addition of ipratropium bromide to albuterol and corticosteroid therapy significantly decreases the hospitalization rate. (N Engl J Med 1998;339:1030-5.)
A genetic algorithm based nearest neighbor classification to breast cancer diagnosis

This paper presents an application of a hybrid approach (the genetic algorithms and the k-nearest neighbour) proposed by Ishbuchi [10] toWisconsin breast cancer data. For the diagnosis of breast cancer, the determination of the presence ofbenign/malignant breast tumors represents a very complex problem (even for an experienced cytologist) [4]. Therefore the automatic classification ofbenign andmalignant symptoms is highly desirable as a valuable aid to assist oncologists in the decision making of the diagnosis of breast cancer. In this paper, the genetic algorithm based k-nearest neighbour method for classification of benign and malignant breast tumors is presented. The genetic-algorithm (GA) is used for finding a compact reference set by selecting a small number of reference patterns from a large number of training patterns in nearest neighbor classification. The GA simultaneously performs feature selection and pattern selection and prunes unnecessary features. The goal is to maximize the classification performance of the reference set and minimize the number of selected patterns and features. Results are also compared with a fuzzy-genetic approach where each reference pattern represents a fuzzy if-then rule with a circular-cone-type membership function.
Real-time abnormal motion detection in surveillance video

Video surveillance systems produce huge amounts of data for storage and display. Long-term human monitoring of the acquired video is impractical and ineffective. Automatic abnormal motion detection system which can effectively attract operator attention and trigger recording is therefore the key to successful video surveillance in dynamic scenes, such as airport terminals. This paper presents a novel solution for real-time abnormal motion detection. The proposed method is well-suited for modern video-surveillance architectures, where limited computing power is available near the camera for compression and communication. The algorithm uses the macroblock motion vectors that are generated in any case as part of the video compression process. Motion features are derived from the motion vectors. The statistical distribution of these features during normal activity is estimated by training. At the operational stage, improbable-motion feature values indicate abnormal motion. Experimental results demonstrate reliable real-time operation.
Competing risk analysis of mortality in prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the risk of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) versus the competing risk of mortality by other causes (MOC) in patients with localised prostate cancer (LPC) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).


MATERIAL AND METHOD
An observational cohort study of 982 patients with LPC treated with RP selected from our department's PC registry database. A competing risk analysis was performed, calculating the probability of CSM in the presence of the competing risk of MOC. Cumulative incidence curves were constructed, and point estimates were performed at 5, 10 and 15 years. The analysis was stratified by age (≤65 vs. >65 years) and risk group: low (Gleason score ≤6 and pT2abc); intermediate (Gleason score of 7 and pT2abc) and high (Gleason score of 8-10 or pT3ab).


RESULTS
With a median follow-up of 60 months, the overall probability of dying from PC was 3.5%, and the probability of dying from other causes was 9%. A competing effect for MOC was observed. The risk of MOC was almost 3 times greater than that of CSM. This effect remained for all risk groups, although its magnitude decreased progressively according to the risk group level. At 10 years, CSM was only 0%, 1% and 2% for the low, intermediate and high-risk groups, respectively, while the likelihood of MOC was 4%, 4% and 10%, respectively. The mortality risk was shown after 10years of follow-up and was higher for other causes not attributable to PC and for patients older than 65years.


CONCLUSIONS
The benefit of RP might be overestimated, given that the risk of MOC is greater than that of CSM, regardless of the age group and risk group, especially after 10years of follow-up. The only parameter that varied was the magnitude of the CSM/MOC ratio. This information could help in choosing the active treatment for patients with LPC and short life expectancies.
Effects of treatment on outcome in mildly symptomatic patients with ischemia during daily life. The Atenolol Silent Ischemia Study (ASIST)

BACKGROUND
Detection of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease has been associated with increased risk for adverse outcome, but treatment of patients with asymptomatic ischemia remains controversial. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine if treatment reduces adverse outcome in patients with daily life ischemia.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic outpatients with daily life silent ischemia due to coronary artery disease was conducted. The primary outcome measure was event-free survival at 1 year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Events were death, resuscitated ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, aggravation of angina, or revascularization. The secondary outcome was ischemia during ambulatory ECG monitoring at 4 weeks. Three hundred six outpatients with mild or no angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class I or II), abnormal exercise tests, and ischemia on ambulatory monitoring were randomized to receive either atenolol (100 mg/d) or placebo. After 4 weeks of treatment, the number (mean +/- SD, 3.6 +/- 4.2 versus 1.7 +/- 4.6 episodes, P < .001) and average duration (30 +/- 3.3 versus 16.4 +/- 6.7 minutes, P < .001) of ischemic episodes per 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring decreased in atenolol- compared with placebo-assigned patients (4.4 +/- 4.6 to 3.1 +/- 6.0 episodes and 36.6 +/- 4.1 to 30 +/- 5.5 minutes). Event-free survival improved in atenolol-treated patients (P < .0066), who had an increased time to onset of first adverse event (120 versus 79 days) and fewer total first events compared with placebo (relative risk, 0.44; 95% confidence intervals, 0.26 to 0.75; P = .001). There was a nonsignificant trend for fewer serious events (death, resuscitation from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina) in atenolol-treated patients (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence intervals, 0.22 to 1.33; P = .175). The most powerful univariate and multivariate correlate of event-free survival was absence of ischemia on ambulatory monitoring at 4 weeks. Side effects were mild and generally similar comparing atenolol- and placebo-treated patients, although bradycardia was more frequent with atenolol.


CONCLUSIONS
Atenolol treatment reduced daily life ischemia and was associated with reduced risk for adverse outcome in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients compared with placebo.
Drought Risk Assessment In Iraq Using Remote Sensing And GIS Techniques

This paper aims to investigate the drought levels in Iraq using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Meteorological and Agricultural droughts were calculated based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Anomaly of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectively. The drought risk maps were prepared by calculating the classes frequency of droughts. Finally, a resultant risk map was obtained by integrating agriculture and meteorological drought risk maps. The results indicated that 14.4% area has Slight drought, 61.6% area face moderate risk, 23.2% area face severe risk and 0.8% area face very severe risk within the study area. It was evident from the study that northwest of Iraq is more prone to drought.
Beginning Sensor Networks with Arduino and Raspberry Pi

Beginning Sensor Networks with Arduino and Raspberry Pi teaches you how to build sensor networks with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and XBee radio modules, and even shows you how to turn your Raspberry Pi into a MySQl database server to store your sensor data! First you’ll learn about the different types of sensors and sensor networks, including how to build a simple XBee network. Then you’ll walk through building an Arduino-based temperature sensor and data collector, followed by building a Raspberry Pi-based sensor node. next you’ll learn different ways to store sensor data, including writing to an SD card, sending data to the cloud, and setting up a Raspberry Pi MySQl server to host your data. you even learn how to connect to and interact with a MySQl database server directly from an Arduino! Finally you’ll learn how to put it all together by connecting your Arduino sensor node to your new Raspberry Pi database server. if you want to see how well Arduino and Raspberry Pi can get along, especially to create a sensor network, then Beginning Sensor Networks with Arduino and Raspberry Pi is just the book you need.
Pattern of injury mortality by age-group in children aged 0–14 years in Scotland, 2002–2006, and its implications for prevention

BACKGROUND
Knowledge of the epidemiology of injuries in children is essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of preventive measures but recent epidemiological information on injuries in children both in general and by age-group in Scotland is scarce. This study examines the recent pattern of childhood mortality from injury by age-group in Scotland and considers its implications for prevention.


METHODS
Routine mortality data for the period 2002-2006 were obtained from the General Register Office for Scotland and were analysed in terms of number of deaths, mean annual mortality rates per 100,000 population, leading causes of death, and causes of injury death. Mid-year population estimates were used as the denominator. Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical significance.


RESULTS
186 children aged 0-14 died from an injury in Scotland during 2002-06 (MR 4.3 per 100,000). Injuries were the leading cause of death in 1-14, 5-9 and 10-14 year-olds (causing 25%, 29% and 32% of all deaths respectively). The leading individual causes of injury death (0-14 years) were pedestrian and non-pedestrian road-traffic injuries and assault/homicide but there was variation by age-group. Assault/homicide, fire and suffocation caused most injury deaths in young children; road-traffic injuries in older ones. Collectively, intentional injuries were a bigger threat to the lives of under-15s than any single cause of unintentional injury. The mortality rate from assault/homicide was highest in infants (<1 year) and decreased with increasing age. Children aged 5-9 were significantly less likely to die from an injury than 0-4 or 10-14 year-olds (p < 0.05). Suicide was an important cause of injury mortality in 10-14 year-olds.


CONCLUSION
Injuries continue to be a leading cause of death in childhood in Scotland. Variation in causes of injury death by age-group is important when targeting preventive efforts. In particular, the threats of assault/homicide in infants, fire in 1-4 year-olds, pedestrian injury in 5-14 year-olds, and suicide in 10-14 year-olds need urgent consideration for preventive action.
Symptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis in a child.

A 3-YEAR-OLD BOY PREsented with focal seizures for 3 months. He had severe headache associated with nonprojectile vomiting. There was no history of altered sensorium or diminished vision. He was developmentally normal. Family history was unremarkable. The patient was irritable. There was a giant congenital nevus in “bathing-trunk” distribution with multiple satellite nevi (Figure 1A). There was atrophy of the left leg. There were no focal motor or sensory deficits. Muscle stretch reflexes were normal. The rest of the neurological and systemic examination was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (Figure 1B and C) showed a focal lesion with characteristics of melanocytic tumor in the left temporal lobe and another diffuse lesion in the pons. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was normal. The patient underwent left temporal craniectomy with excision of the temporal lobe lesion. Histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen (Figure 2) was consistent with an infiltrative melanocytic tumor. Follow-up radiotherapy was planned.
ambientROOM: integrating ambient media with architectural space

We envision that the physical architectural space we inhabit will be a new form of interface between humans and digital information. This paper and video present the design of the ambientROOM, an interface to information for processing in the background of awareness. This information is displayed through various subtle displays of light, sound, and movement. Physical objects are also employed as controls for these “ambient media.”
Optimal gate revenue sharing in sports leagues

Sports leagues constitute one of the few examples of legally operating cartels. In this paper I examine how gate revenue sharing may serve to coordinate talent investments within these cartels. I show that sharing revenues has the potential to raise cartel profits, because it decreases the incentive to invest in playing talent. Leagues consisting of teams with heterogeneous local markets should share less revenues to maximize profits, whereas homogeneous teams should share more.
Nutrition and brain development in early life.

Presented here is an overview of the pathway from early nutrient deficiency to long-term brain function, cognition, and productivity, focusing on research from low- and middle-income countries. Animal models have demonstrated the importance of adequate nutrition for the neurodevelopmental processes that occur rapidly during pregnancy and infancy, such as neuron proliferation and myelination. However, several factors influence whether nutrient deficiencies during this period cause permanent cognitive deficits in human populations, including the child's interaction with the environment, the timing and degree of nutrient deficiency, and the possibility of recovery. These factors should be taken into account in the design and interpretation of future research. Certain types of nutritional deficiency clearly impair brain development, including severe acute malnutrition, chronic undernutrition, iron deficiency, and iodine deficiency. While strategies such as salt iodization and micronutrient powders have been shown to improve these conditions, direct evidence of their impact on brain development is scarce. Other strategies also require further research, including supplementation with iron and other micronutrients, essential fatty acids, and fortified food supplements during pregnancy and infancy.
Local microstructure evolution at shear bands in metallic glasses with nanoscale phase separation

At room temperature, plastic flow of metallic glasses (MGs) is sharply localized in shear bands, which are a key feature of the plastic deformation in MGs. Despite their clear importance and decades of study, the conditions for formation of shear bands, their structural evolution and multiplication mechanism are still under debate. In this work, we investigate the local conditions at shear bands in new phase-separated bulk MGs containing glassy nanospheres and exhibiting exceptional plasticity under compression. It is found that the glassy nanospheres within the shear band dissolve through mechanical mixing driven by the sharp strain localization there, while those nearby in the matrix coarsen by Ostwald ripening due to the increased atomic mobility. The experimental evidence demonstrates that there exists an affected zone around the shear band. This zone may arise from low-strain plastic deformation in the matrix between the bands. These results suggest that measured property changes originate not only from the shear bands themselves, but also from the affected zones in the adjacent matrix. This work sheds light on direct visualization of deformation-related effects, in particular increased atomic mobility, in the region around shear bands.