LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The leadership continuum: a framework for organizational and individual assessment relative to the advancement of women physicians and scientists.

BACKGROUND
In the United States, women have attained near gender equity at the entry stages in academic medicine; however, progress has been much slower at senior leadership levels. The paucity of women leaders inhibits the ability of academic medicine to adequately meet the needs of an increasingly diverse body of students, faculty, staff, and patients. Research indicates that until a critical mass of women with sustained success as leaders is achieved, it is unlikely that this deficit will be corrected.


METHODS
To promote the attainment of a critical mass of women leaders, the authors integrate two approaches to advancing women--the concept of a leadership continuum and a framework of practical approaches for moving toward gender equity at all ranks.


RESULTS
An institutional guide is presented that can be used to promote dialogue about gender equity, noting areas of success and opportunities for additional improvement as well as an assessment of progress. A corresponding checklist has been developed that women faculty can use as a reflection guide for their career planning and to assess their position and progress along the leadership continuum.


CONCLUSIONS
Proactive, ongoing use of these frameworks can promote reflective dialogue and provide direction and accountability for institutions working to advance women into leadership positions.
Array of piezoelectric energy harvesting by the equivalent impedance approach

This article proposes to use the idea of equivalent impedance to investigate the electrical response of an array of piezoelectric oscillators endowed with distinct energy harvesting circuits. Three interface electronics systems are considered including standard AC/DC and parallel/series-SSHI (synchronized switch harvesting on inductor) circuits. Various forms of equivalent load impedance are analytically obtained for different interfaces. The steady-state response of an array system is then shown to be determined by the matrix formulation of generalized Ohm’s law whose impedance matrix is explicitly expressed in terms of the load impedance. A model problem is proposed for evaluating the ability of power harvesting under various conditions. It is shown first that harvested power is increased dramatically for the case of small deviation in the system parameters. On the other hand, if the deviation in mass is relatively large, the result is changed from the power-boosting mode to wideband mode. In particular, the parallel-SSHI array system exhibits much more significant bandwidth improvement than the other two cases. Surprisingly, the series-SSHI array system shows the worst electrical response. Such an observation is opposed to our previous finding that an SSHI technique avails against the standard technique in the case based on a single piezoelectric energy harvester and the explanation is under investigation.
Pessimists and optimists: Improving collaborative filtering through sentiment analysis

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Standard versus newer antibacterial agents in the treatment of severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus ciprofloxacin.

BACKGROUND. Although the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely accepted, controversy remains regarding whether the choice of antibiotic has any impact on outcome. Our aim was to compare the effects of the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin in patients treated for severe COPD exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation. METHODS. In a randomized, double-blind trial, we included 170 patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation. Enrolled patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 85) or ciprofloxacin (n = 85) for 10 days. Main outcomes were hospital death and need for an additional course of antibiotics. Secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and exacerbation-free interval. RESULTS. Combined hospital death and additional antibiotic prescription rates were similar in the 2 groups (16.4% vs 15.3% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group vs ciprofloxacin group; difference, 1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.8% to 12.0%; P = .832). Hospital death occurred in 7 patients (8.2%) receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 8 patients (9.4%) receiving ciprofloxacin (difference, -1.2%; 95% CI, -9.7 to 7.3; P = .90). The need for an additional antibiotic course was observed in 8 patients in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group and 5 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (difference, 2.3%; 95% CI, -5.4 to 10.0; P = .549). The mean exacerbation-free interval (+/- standard deviation) was similar in both treatment groups (83 +/- 25 vs 79 +/- 22 for the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group vs ciprofloxacin group; difference, 4 days; 95% CI, -15 to 19 days; P = .41). Duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay was not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS. In patients with acute exacerbation of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation, efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was not inferior to ciprofloxacin. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00791505.
A Scaling Model for Estimating Time-Series Policy Positions from Texts

Recent advances in computational content analysis have provided scholars promising new ways for estimating party positions. However, existing text-based methods face challenges in producing valid and reliable time-series data. This article proposes a scaling algorithm called WORDFISH to estimate policy positions based on word frequencies in texts. The technique allows researchers to locate parties in one or multiple elections. We demonstrate the algorithm by estimating the positions of German political parties from 1990 to 2005 using word frequencies in party manifestos. The extracted positions reflect changes in the party system more accurately than existing time-series estimates. In addition, the method allows researchers to examine which words are important for placing parties on the left and on the right. We find that words with strong political connotations are the best discriminators between parties. Finally, a series of robustness checks demonstrate that the estimated positions are insensitive to distributional assumptions and document selection.
Attainment of early feeding milestones in preterm neonates

Objective:This study aimed to document the ages at which preterm neonates commence suckle-feeds and attain exclusive suckle-feeding, as well as the time taken to transition from commencement of suckle-feeds to exclusive suckle-feeding. It was hypothesized that gestational age (GA) at birth and degree of neonatal morbidity would influence the timing of these early feeding milestones.Study Design:A chart review was conducted for all neonates born <37;0 weeks GA admitted to a tertiary level perinatal facility over a 12-month period (n=735). Complete data relating to attainment of feeding milestones were available on 472 neonates.Results:Correlation analysis indicated that both a low GA at birth and a high neonatal morbidity rating were statistically significantly correlated with an increased transition time from commencement of suckle-feeds to exclusive suckle-feeding. Cox regression indicated that both of these variables were statistically significant risk factors for a delayed GA at attainment of exclusive suckle-feeding.Conclusion:Preterm neonates who were less mature at birth and/or who displayed a greater degree of neonatal morbidity took longer to transition from starting suckle-feeds to achieving independent suckle-feeding, and were more mature at attainment of independent suckle-feeding.
Short-term effects of online hemodiafiltration on phosphate control: a result from the randomized controlled Convective Transport Study (CONTRAST).

BACKGROUND
Hyperphosphatemia is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Phosphate control often is unsuccessful using conventional dialysis therapies.


STUDY DESIGN
Short-term analysis of a secondary outcome of an ongoing randomized controlled trial.


SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
493 (84%) consecutive patients from 589 patients included in the Convective Transport Study (CONTRAST) by January 2009 from 26 centers in 3 countries.


INTERVENTION
Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) versus continuation of low-flux HD.


OUTCOMES
Differences in change from baseline to 6 months in phosphate levels and proportion of patients reaching phosphate treatment targets (phosphate < or = 5.5 mg/dL).


MEASUREMENTS
Phosphate, use of phosphate-binding agents, and proportion of patients achieving treatment targets at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.


RESULTS
Phosphate levels decreased from 5.18 +/- 0.10 (SE) mg/dL at baseline to 4.87 +/- 0.10 mg/dL at 6 months in HDF patients (P < 0.001) and were stable in HD patients (5.10 +/- 0.10 mg/dL at baseline and 5.03 +/- 0.10 mg/dL after 6 months; P = 0.5). The difference in change in phosphate levels between HD and HDF patients (B = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.52 to 0.03; P = 0.08) increased after adjustment for phosphate-binder use (B = -0.36; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.06; P = 0.02). The proportion of patients reaching phosphate treatment targets increased from 64% to 74% in HDF patients and was stable in HD patients (66% and 66%); the difference between groups reached statistical significance (P = 0.04). Nutritional parameters and residual renal function were similar in both treatment groups.


LIMITATIONS
Only predialysis serum phosphate levels were measured; phosphate clearance could therefore not be calculated.


CONCLUSION
HDF may help improve phosphate control. Whether this contributes to improved clinical outcome remains to be established.
Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third 
molars: a radiographic study in a Southeast Iran population

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate the position of impacted third molars based on the classifications of Pell & Gregory and Winter in a sample of Iranian patients.


STUDY DESIGN
In this retrospective study, up to 1020 orthopantomograms (OPG) of the patients who were referred to the radiology clinics from October 2007 to January 2011 were evaluated. Data including the age, gender, the angulation type, width and depth of impaction were evaluated by statistical tests.


RESULTS
Among 1020 patients, 380(27.3%) were male and 640(62.7%) were female with the sex ratio was 1:1.7. Of the 1020 OPGs, 585 cases showed at least one impacted third molar, with significant difference between males (205; 35.1%) and females (380; 64.9%) (P = 0.0311). Data analysis showed that impacted third molars were 1.9 times more likely to occur in the mandible than in the maxilla (P =0.000). The most common angulation of impaction in the mandible was mesioangular impaction (48.3%) and the most common angulation of impaction in the maxilla was the vertical (45.3%). Impaction in the level IIA was the most common in both maxilla and mandible. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in both the maxilla and the mandible.


CONCLUSION
The pattern of third molar impaction in the southeast region of Iran is characterized by a high prevalence of impaction, especially in the mandible. Female more than male have teeth impaction. The most common angulation was the mesioangular in the mandible, and the vertical angulation in the maxilla. The most common level of impaction was the A and there was no any significant difference between the right and left sides in both jaws.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de calidad de los cuidados de Enfermería del Trabajo en los Servicios de Prevención

Introduction and Aim: The main aim of this study is to draw up a “Questionnaire on Satisfaction with Occupational Health Nursing” (Cuestionario de satisfacción con los cuidados de la enfermería del trabajo – CUSACET), which will enable us to gauge users’ perceptions with regard to the occupational health nursing work carried out by the various safety management services. Materials and Method: The questionnaire is designed to encompass three dimensions: a. Sociodemographic: consisting of four items. b. Opinion of the safety management services: consisting of fifteen items. c. Opinion of care received from the nursing staff at the safety management service, measured by twenty-three items. We opted to do the validation according to the basic criteria of Moriyama and by applying Cronbach’s Alpha index. To this end, 55 control questionnaires were given out at various safety management services in Cantabria. The questionnaires were collected and the data recorded onto the statistical analysis program SPSS v.15. Results: The criterion established for validity was exceeded, with results above 80% in assessment by experts in accordance with Moriyama’s basic criteria. We encountered good internal consistency, as evidenced by a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.837 in each section. Conclusions: This paper presents a new instrument, specifically designed to measure the quality of occupational health nursing care through the perceptions of the users who receive it which is reliable and easy to use. Med Segur Trab (Internet) 2013; 59 (230) 26-49
Safety of extended-release niacin/laropiprant in patients with dyslipidemia.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety profile of extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT), pooling data from studies in the clinical development program.


METHODS
Data were pooled from three active- or placebo-controlled phase 3 studies and three 1-year extensions of phase 2 studies that ranged from 12 to 52 weeks (N = 4747): ERN/LRPT = 2548; ERN or Niaspan® (ERN-NSP = 1268); or simvastatin or placebo (SIMVA-PBO = 931).


RESULTS
The safety and tolerability profile for ERN/LRPT was similar to that of ERN-NSP, except for fewer flushing-related adverse experiences and discontinuations with ERN/LRPT than ERN-NSP. The incidence of consecutive ≥3× the upper limit of normal increases in alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase was numerically (but not statistically) greater with ERN/LRPT (1.0%) than ERN-NSP (0.5%) and similar to SIMVA-PBO (0.9%). Elevations were reversible with therapy discontinuation and not associated with clinical hepatotoxicity. There was no evidence that ERN/LRPT administered alone or concurrently with a statin had adverse effects on muscle. ERN/LRPT and ERN-NSP produced small median increases in fasting blood glucose levels (∼4 mg/dL) after 24 weeks of treatment, consistent with known effects of niacin.


CONCLUSION
The favorable safety and tolerability profile of ERN/LRPT for up to 1 year supports the use of LRPT to achieve improved therapeutic dosing of niacin, an agent with comprehensive lipid-modifying efficacy and shown to reduce cardiovascular risk.
The Blockchain Consensus Layer and BFT

In this paper, we analyze Blockchain consensus protocols in the lens of the foundations of distributed computing. Our goal is to present analogies and connections between Blockchain protocols and Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) protocols. We also discuss opportunities to consider hybrid solutions.
A Comprehensive Review on Smart Meter Communication Systems in Smart Grid for Indian Scenario

In existing power grid, the currently used power meters, are either electronic energy meters or electro-mechanical meters and are limited to record power/energy up to KWh unit only. One of the drawbacks of these power grids is that out of the total power production, 26% of energy gets lost because of various reasons such as power theft, blackouts, etc. To fulfill the continuous drastic demand of energy production and consumption, a new generation power grid is required, which should include communication and information technology (ICT) along with distributed power generation (like solar power and wind power). The concept of new generation smart power grid, so called Smart Grid, has been gaining continuous rapid attention worldwide. Smart Grid is considered as system that can supply bi-directional flow of electricity and information, with better power grid reliability, security, and efficiency of electrical system from generation to transmission to distribution. To meet the requirement of Smart Grid we require the most fundamental components like Smart Meter, in the intelligent energy networks (IENs). Smart Energy meters are used to control and monitor home appliances and other devices by providing two way communications among them. This paper reviews the basics of Smart grid and development and deployment of communication technologies used among various Smart Grid components/networks and provides an insight into the current research on Smart meters with some guidelines and future directions for IENs. Keyword: Infrastructure (AMI), Intelligent Energy Advanced metering Networks (IENs), Smart grid, Smart Meter, Zig-Bee.
A Taxonomy of Automatic Differential Tools

Many of the current automatic di erentiation (AD) tools have similar characteristics. Unfortunately, it is often the case that the similarities between these various AD tools can not be easily ascertained by reading the corresponding documentation. To clarify this situation, a taxonomy of AD tools is presented. The taxonomy places AD tools into the Elemental, Extensional, Integral, Operational and Symbolic classes. This taxonomy is used to classify twenty-nine AD tools. Each tool is examined individually with respect to the mode of di erentiation used and the degree of derivatives computed. A list detailing the availability of the surveyed AD tools is provided in Appendix A.
Febrl -: an open source data cleaning, deduplication and record linkage system with a graphical user interface

Matching records that refer to the same entity across data-bases is becoming an increasingly important part of many data mining projects, as often data from multiple sources needs to be matched in order to enrich data or improve its quality. Significant advances in record linkage techniques have been made in recent years. However, many new techniques are either implemented in research proof-of-concept systems only, or they are hidden within expensive 'black box' commercial software. This makes it difficult for both researchers and practitioners to experiment with new record linkage techniques, and to compare existing techniques with new ones. The Febrl (Freely Extensible Biomedical Record Linkage) system aims to fill this gap. It contains many recently developed techniques for data cleaning, deduplication and record linkage, and encapsulates them into a graphical user interface (GUI). Febrl thus allows even inexperienced users to learn and experiment with both traditional and new record linkage techniques. Because Febrl is written in Python and its source code is available, it is fairly easy to integrate new record linkage techniques into it. Therefore, Febrl can be seen as a tool that allows researchers to compare various existing record linkage techniques with their own ones, enabling the record linkage research community to conduct their work more efficiently. Additionally, Febrl is suitable as a training tool for new record linkage users, and it can also be used for practical linkage projects with data sets that contain up to several hundred thousand records.
Monitoring of brain oxygenation in surgery of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms

BACKGROUND
The occurrence of brain ischemic lesions, due to temporary arterial occlusion or incorrect placement of the definitive clip, is a major complication of aneurysm surgery. Temporary clipping is a current technique during surgery and there is no reliable method of predicting the possibility of ischemia due to extended regional circulatory interruption. Even with careful inspection, misplacement of the definitive clip can be difficult to detect. Brain tissue oxygen concentration (PtiO(2)) was monitored during surgery of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), for detection of changes in brain oxygenation due to reduced blood flow, as a predictor of ischemic events, during temporary clipping and after definitive clipping.


METHODS
PtiO(2) was monitored during surgery of 13 patients harboring MCA aneurysms presenting with SAH, using a polarographic microcatheter (Licox, GMS, Kiel, Germany) placed in the territory of MCA.


RESULTS
A decrease in PtiO(2) values was verified in every period of temporary clipping. Brain infarction occurred in 2 patients; in both cases, there was a decrease in PtiO(2) greater than 80% from basal value, a minimum value of less than 2 mmHg persisting for 2 or more minutes during temporary clipping, and an incomplete recovery of PtiO(2) after definitive clipping. In 2 patients, incomplete recovery of values after definitive clipping led to verification of inappropriate placement and repositioning of the clip.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that intraoperative monitoring of PtiO(2) may be a useful method of detection of changes in brain tissue oxygenation during MCA aneurysm surgery. Postoperative infarction in the territory of MCA developed in cases with an abrupt decrease of PtiO(2) and a very low and persistent minimum value, during temporary clipping, and an incomplete recovery after definitive clipping. Verification of clip position should be considered when there is an incomplete recovery or a persistent fall in PtiO(2) after definitive clipping.
Age-related injury patterns in Spanish trauma ICU patients. Results from the RETRAUCI.

BACKGROUND
Injury patterns may differ in trauma patients when age is considered. This information is relevant in the management of trauma patients and for planning preventive measures.


METHODS
We included in the study all patients admitted for traumatic disease in the participating ICUs from November 23rd, 2012 to July 31st, 2015 with complete records. Data on epidemiology, injury patterns, severity scores, acute management, resources utilisation and outcome were recorded and compared in the following groups of age: ≤55years (young adults), 56-65 years (adults), 66-75 years (elderly), >75years (very elderly). Quantitative data were reported as median (Interquartile Range (IQR) 25-75) and categorical data as number and percentage. Comparison between groups of age with quantitative variables was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Differences between groups with categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant.


RESULTS
We included 2700 patients (78.9% male). Median age was 46 (31-62) years. Blunt trauma was present in 93.7% of the patients. Median RTS was 7.55 (5.97-7.84). Median ISS was 20 (13-26). High-energy trauma secondary to motor-vehicle accident with rhabdomyolysis and drugs abuse showed an inverse linear association with ageing, whilst pedestrian falls with isolated brain injury, being run-over and pre-injury antiplatelets or anticoagulant treatment increased with age (in all cases p<0.001). Multiple injuries were more common in young adults (p<0.001). Acute kidney injury prevalence was higher in elderly and very elderly patients (p<0.001). ICU Mortality increased with age in spite of similar severity scores in all groups (p<0.001). The main cause of death in all groups was intracranial hypertension.


CONCLUSIONS
Different injury patterns exist in relation with ageing in trauma ICU patients. Adult patients were more likely to present high-energy trauma with significant injuries in different areas whilst elderly patients were prone to low-energy falls, complicated by antiplatelets or anticoagulants use, resulting in severe brain injury and increased mortality.