LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The social thing in the curriculum of the formation of health professionals

The professional formation and health are social processes and values in which the social thing is placed in the core of both processes. The objectives of this paper were to determine the role of the social aspects in the curriculum of health professional formation in Cuba, to analyze the conception of the social thing and its contribution when integrating with the contents of the disciplines, and its
High reflectivity subwavelength metal grating for VCSEL applications

We report theoretical simulation of a novel silver subwavelength grating with reflectivity > 99.5%, substantially higher than uniform thin film, and a wide 99%-reflectivity bandwidth of 190nm, promising for VCSELs and surface-normal optoelectronic devices.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left prefrontal cortex impairs working memory

OBJECTIVES
Several lines of evidence suggest that the prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory. Our goal was to determine whether transient functional disruption of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would impair performance in a sequential-letter working memory task.


METHODS
Subjects were shown sequences of letters and asked to state whether the letter just displayed was the same as the one presented 3-back. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the DLPFC between letter presentations.


RESULTS
TMS applied over the left DLPFC resulted in increased errors relative to no TMS controls. TMS over the right DLPFC did not alter working memory performance.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the left prefrontal cortex has a crucial role in at least one type of working memory.
A Deeper Look into Dependency-Based Word Embeddings

• Unlabeled: Context constructed without dependency labels • Simplified: Functionally similar dependency labels are collapsed • Basic: Standard dependency parse • Enhanced and Enhanced++: Dependency trees augmented (e.g., new edges between modifiers and conjuncts with parents’ labels) • Universal Dependencies (UD): Cross-lingual • Stanford Dependencies (SD): English-tailored • Prior work [1] has shown that embeddings trained using dependency contexts distinguish related words better than similar words. • What effects do decisions made with embeddings have on the characteristics of the word embeddings? • Do Universal Dependency (UD) embeddings capture different characteristics than English-tailored Stanford Dependency (SD) embeddings?
Giving Effectively : Inquiring Ukrainian private philanthropy foundations self-represented ‘effectiveness’

Giving Effectively : Inquiring Ukrainian private philanthropy foundations self-represented ‘effectiveness’
A workshop-oriented approach for defining electronic process guides: a case study

We introduce electronic process guides, and discuss their role in software engineering projects. We then present existing methods for constructing electronic process guides by defining a set of common processes for a company. Different approaches from the software engineering and management science are presented. We then go on to propose a new way of dealing with process description in software engineering: using process workshops as a tool to reach consensus on work practice. The main reason for this is to get realistic descriptions with accurate detail as well as company commitment in an efficient manner. We describe our workshop-oriented method to define processes, which we have used in small software companies, and show examples of results.
Prediction of human drug-drug interactions from time-dependent inactivation of CYP3A4 in primary hepatocytes using a population-based simulator.

Time-dependent inactivation (TDI) of human cytochromes P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major cause of clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Human liver microsomes (HLM) are commonly used as an enzyme source for evaluating the inhibition of CYP3A4 by new chemical entities. The inhibition data can then be extrapolated to assess the risk of human DDIs. Using this approach, under- and overpredictions of in vivo DDIs have been observed. In the present study, human hepatocytes were used as an alternative to HLM. Hepatocytes incorporate the effects of other mechanisms of drug metabolism and disposition (i.e., phase II enzymes and transporters) that may modulate the effects of TDI on clinical DDIs. The in vitro potency (K(I) and k(inact)) of five known CYP3A4 TDI drugs (clarithromycin, diltiazem, erythromycin, verapamil, and troleandomycin) was determined in HLM (pooled, n = 20) and hepatocytes from two donors (D1 and D2), and the results were extrapolated to predict in vivo DDIs using a Simcyp population trial-based simulator. Compared with observed DDIs, the predictions derived from HLM appeared to be overestimated. The predictions based on TDI measured in hepatocytes were better correlated with the DDIs (n = 37) observed in vivo (R(2) = 0.601 for D1 and 0.740 for D2) than those from HLM (R(2) = 0.451). In addition, with the use of hepatocytes a greater proportion of the predictions were within a 2-fold range of the clinical DDIs compared with using HLM. These results suggest that DDI predictions from CYP3A4 TDI kinetics in hepatocytes could provide an alternative approach to balance HLM-based predictions that can sometimes substantially overestimate DDIs and possibly lead to erroneous conclusions about clinical risks.
24-Month Data from the BRAVISSIMO: A Large-Scale Prospective Registry on Iliac Stenting for TASC A & B and TASC C & D Lesions.

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the 24-month outcome of stenting in Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) A & B and TASC C & D iliac lesions in a controlled setting.


METHODS
The BRAVISSIMO study is a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, multinational, monitored registry including 325 patients with aortoiliac lesions. The end point is the primary patency at 24 months, defined as a target lesion without a hemodynamically significant stenosis on duplex ultrasound (>50%, systolic velocity ratio >2.0). A separate analysis for TASC A & B versus TASC C & D population is performed.


RESULTS
Between July 2009 and September 2010, 190 patients with TASC A or B and 135 patients with TASC C or D aortoiliac lesions were included. The demographic data were comparable for TASC A & B cohort and TASC C & D cohort. Technical success was 100%. Significantly more balloon-expandable stents were deployed in TASC A & B lesions, and considerably more self-expanding stents were placed in TASC C & D (P = 0.01). The 24-month primary patency rate after 24 months for the total population was 87.9% (88.0% for TASC A, 88.5% for TASC B, 91.9% for TASC C, and 84.8% for TASC D). No statistically significant difference was shown when comparing these groups. The 24-month primary patency rates were 92.1% for patients treated with the self-expanding stent, 85.2% for patients treated with the balloon-expandable stent, and 75.3% for patients treated with a combination of both stents (P = 0.06). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses using Cox proportional hazards model identified only kissing stent configuration (P = 0.0012) and obesity (P = 0.0109) as independent predictors of restenosis (primary patency failure). Interestingly, as all TASC groups enjoyed high levels of patency, neither TASC category nor lesion length was predictive of restenosis.


CONCLUSION
The 24-month data from this large, prospective, multicenter study confirm that endovascular therapy may be considered the preferred first-line treatment option of iliac lesions, irrespectively of TASC lesion category.
Security Without Identification: Transaction Systems to Make Big Brother Obsolete

The large-scale automated transaction systems of the near future can be designed to protect the privacy and maintain the security of both individuals and organizations.
Sustainability: climate change

The effects of climate change caused by past and present emissions will impact the way we work and live in Scotland over the coming decades.
Grover ’ s quantum searching algorithm is optimal

I show that for any number of oracle lookups up to about π/4 √ N , Grover’s quantum searching algorithm gives the maximal possible probability of finding the desired element. I explain why this is also true for quantum algorithms which use measurements during the computation. I also show that unfortunately quantum searching cannot be parallelized better than by assigning different parts of the search space to independent quantum computers. 1 Quantum searching Imagine we have N cases of which only one fulfills our conditions. E.g. we have a function which gives 1 only for one out of N possible input values and gives 0 otherwise. Often an analysis of the algorithm for calculating the function will allow us to find quickly the input value for which the output is 1. Here we consider the case where we do not know better than to repeatedly calculate the function without looking at the algorithm, e.g. because the function is calculated in a black box subroutine into which we are not allowed to look. In computer science this is called an oracle. Here I consider only oracles which give 1 for exactly one input. Quantum searching for the case with several inputs which give 1 and even with an unknown number of such inputs is treated in [4]. Obviously on a classical computer we have to query the oracle on average N/2 times before we find the answer. Grover [1] has given a quantum algorithm which can solve the problem in about π/4 √ N steps. Bennett et al. [3] have shown that asymptotically no quantum algorithm can solve the problem in less than a number of steps proportional to √ N . Boyer et al. [4] have improved this result to show that e.g. for a 50% success probability no quantum algorithm can do better than only a few percent faster than Grover’s algorithm. I improve ∗Supported by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds and LANL
RCN issues red alert to the nursing profession.

Professor Alan Glasper discusses the Royal College of Nursing's red-light warning to the profession following the publication of the long-awaited Francis report
Modelling mixed-integer optimisation problems in constraint logic programming

Constraint logic programming (CLP) has become a promising new technology for solving complex combinatorial problems. In this paper, we investigate how (constraint) logic programming can support the modelling part in solving mixed-integer optimisation problems. First we show that the basic functionality of algebraic modelling languages can be realised very easily in a pure logic programming system like Prolog and that, even without using constraints, various additional features are available. Then we focus on the constraint solving facilities o ered by CLP systems. In particular, we explain how the constraint solver of the constraint logic programming language CLP(PB) can be used in modelling 0-1 problems.
Design semantics of connections in a smart home environment

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
A Unifying Framework for Version Control in a CAD Environment

Version control is one of the most important lunctions which need to be supported in integrated computer-aided design (CAD) systems. In this paper we address a broad spectrum of semantic and operational issues in version control for a public/private distributed architecture of CAD syslems. The research issues we address include the semantics of version creation and manipulation, version na.ming and name binding, a.nd version change notification. We develop solutions to these issues under a unifying framework, and discuss implementation and application interface issues.
Coexistence of sleep and feeding disturbances in young children.

OBJECTIVE
Behavioral insomnia and feeding difficulties are 2 prevalent conditions in healthy young children. Despite similarities in nature, etiology, prevalence, and age distribution, the association between these 2 common disorders in young children has not been examined thus far.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Children aged 6 to 36 months with either behavioral insomnia or feeding disorders were recruited. Children aged 6 to 36 months who attended the well-care clinics were recruited and served as controls. Sleep and feeding were evaluated by using a parental questionnaire.


RESULTS
Six hundred eighty-one children were recruited. Fifty-eight had behavioral insomnia, 76 had feeding disorders, and 547 were controls. The mean age was 17.0 ± 7.6 months. Parents of children with feeding disorders considered their child's sleep problematic significantly more frequently compared with controls (37% vs 16%, P = .0001 [effect size (ES): 0.66]). They reported shorter nocturnal sleep duration and delayed sleep time compared with controls (536 ± 87 vs 578 ± 88 minutes, P = .0001) and 9:13 ± 0.55 PM vs 8:26 ± 1.31 PM, P = .003). Parents of children with behavioral insomnia described their child's feeding as "a problem" more frequently compared with controls (26% vs 9%, P = .001 [ES: 0.69]). They reported being more concerned about their child's growth (2.85 ± 1.1 vs 2.5 ± 1.0, P = .03) and reported higher scores of food refusal compared with controls (3.38 ± 0.54 vs 3.23 ± 0.44, P = .04).


CONCLUSIONS
Problematic sleep and feeding behaviors tend to coexist in early childhood. Increased awareness of clinicians to this coexistence may allow early intervention and improve outcome.
Dichloroacetate enhances performance and reduces blood lactate during maximal cycle exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

RATIONALE
Impaired skeletal muscle function contributes to exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This is characterized by reduced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate generation, and greater reliance on nonmitochondrial energy production. Dichloroacetate (DCA) infusion activates muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) at rest, reducing inertia in mitochondrial energy delivery at the onset of exercise and diminishing anaerobic energy production.


OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine whether DCA infusion enhanced mitochondrial energy delivery during symptom-limited maximal exercise, thereby reducing exercise-induced lactate and ammonia accumulation and, consequently, improving exercise performance in patients with COPD.


METHODS
A randomized, double-blind crossover design was used. Eighteen subjects with COPD performed maximal cycle exercise after an intravenous infusion of DCA (50 mg/kg body mass) or saline (control). Exercise work output was determined, and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were measured at rest, 1 and 2 minutes of exercise, peak exercise, and 2 minutes postexercise.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
DCA infusion reduced peak blood lactate concentration by 20% (mean [SE]; difference, 0.48 [0.11] mmol/L, P < 0.001) and peak blood ammonia concentration by 15% (mean [SE]; difference, 14.2 [2.9] mumol/L, P < 0.001] compared with control. After DCA, peak exercise workload improved significantly by a mean (SE) of 8 (1) W (P < 0.001) and peak oxygen consumption by 1.2 (0.5) ml/kg/minute (P = 0.03) compared with control.


CONCLUSIONS
We have shown that a pharmacologic intervention known to activate muscle PDC can reduce blood lactate and ammonia accumulation during exercise and improve maximal exercise performance in subjects with COPD. Skeletal muscle PDC activation may be a target for pharmacologic intervention in the management of exercise intolerance in COPD.
NeuralPower: Predict and Deploy Energy-Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks

How much energy is consumed for an inference made by a convolutional neural network (CNN)?” With the increased popularity of CNNs deployed on the wide-spectrum of platforms (from mobile devices to workstations), the answer to this question has drawn significant attention. From lengthening battery life of mobile devices to reducing the energy bill of a datacenter, it is important to understand the energy efficiency of CNNs during serving for making an inference, before actually training the model. In this work, we propose NeuralPower : a layer-wise predictive framework based on sparse polynomial regression, for predicting the serving energy consumption of a CNN deployed on any GPU platform. Given the architecture of a CNN, NeuralPower provides an accurate prediction and breakdown for power and runtime across all layers in the whole network, helping machine learners quickly identify the power, runtime, or energy bottlenecks. We also propose the “energy-precision ratio” (EPR) metric to guide machine learners in selecting an energy-efficient CNN architecture that better trades off the energy consumption and prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed NeuralPower outperforms the best published model to date, yielding an improvement in accuracy of up to 68.5%. We also assess the accuracy of predictions at the network level, by predicting the runtime, power, and energy of state-of-the-art CNN architectures, achieving an average accuracy of 88.24% in runtime, 88.34% in power, and 97.21% in energy. We comprehensively corroborate the effectiveness of NeuralPower as a powerful framework for machine learners by testing it on different GPU platforms and Deep Learning software tools.
Using Augmented Reality to Plan Virtual Construction Worksite

Current construction worksite layout planning heavily relies on 2D paper media where the worksite planners sketch the future layout adjacent to their real environment. This traditional approach turns out to be ineffective and prone to error because only experienced and well-trained planners are able to generate the effective layout design with paper sketch. Augmented Reality (AR), as a new user interface technology, introduces a completely new perspective for construction worksite planning. This paper disucsses the related AR work and issues in construction and describes the concept and prototype of an AR-based construction planning tool, AR Planner with virtual elements sets and tangible interface. The focus of the paper is to identify and integrate worksite planning rules into the AR planner with the purpose of intelligently preventing potential planning errors and process inefficiency, thus maximizing the overall productivity. Future work includes refining and verifying AR Planner in realistic projects.
Perturbing Slivers in 3D Delaunay Meshes

Isotropic tetrahedron meshes generated by Delaunay triangulations are known to contain a majority of well-shaped tetrahedra, as well as spurious sliver tetrahedra. As the slivers hamper stability of numerical simulations we aim at removing them while keeping the triangulation Delaunay for simplicity. The solution which explicitly perturbs the slivers through random vertex relocation and Delaunay connectivity update is very effective but slow. In this paper we present a perturbation algorithm which favors deterministic over random perturbation. The added value is an improved efficiency and effectiveness. Our experimental study applies the proposed algorithm to meshes obtained by Delaunay refinement as well as to carefully optimized meshes.
The Essential Nature of Product Traceability and its Relation to Agile Approaches

This is a discussion of the essential features of product development traceability maps in relation to requirements, architecture, functional models, components, and tests as a set of order type hierarchies and their cross-links. This paper lays out the structure of these ideal traceability relationships that define the essence of the product under development. The importance of the trace relationships to the product is clarified and then the abandonment of traceability in the Agile approach is discussed. Following that, a way to transform between synthetic canonical narrative (story) representations that appear in the product backlog and the traditionally separate hierarchical form of the trace structure of the product will be examined. The fact that it is possible to transform back and forth between the canonic narrative and traditional hierarchical representations of trace structures, and the fact that trace structures can be produced in a ‘just in time’ fashion that evolves during product development demonstrate that these trace structures can be used in both an Agile and Lean fashion within the development process. Also, we can show that when the trace structure is produced outside the narrative representation it can have the additional benefit of helping to determine the precedent order of development so that rework can be avoided. The lack of the extrinsic external trace structure of the product that gives access to its intelligibility is, in fact, a form of technical debt. Thus, traditional trace structures using this model can be seen as an essential tool for product owners to produce sound and coherent development narratives and for structuring and prioritizing the backlog in the Agile and Lean approaches to software and systems development. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the University of Southern California.
[Skew deviation. Strabismological diagnosis and treatment alternatives].

BACKGROUND
We undertook this study to analyze diagnostic and treatment alternatives in patients with skew deviation (SD).


METHODS
This is a prospective, observational and longitudinal study of patients with SD. The study took place in a third-level medical center during the period from September 2007 to May 2008. Strabismological exploration, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment alternatives were analyzed.


RESULTS
Ten patients presenting SD were studied. Diagnoses were multiple sclerosis, arteriovenous malformation, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, ischemic encephalopathy, cortical atrophy, hypoplasia of corpus callosum and thalamic hemorrhage. Psychomotor retardation was present in 80%. Other diagnoses were Cogan apraxia, Parinaud syndrome, see-saw nystagmus, Foville syndrome, and hemiplegic alterations. Related strabismuses were exotropia (5), esotropia (3), hypertropia (2), and dissociated vertical deviation (1). Lesions of II, III and VII cranial nerves were found.


CONCLUSIONS
Complete strabological study allows a better diagnosis of the lesion and consequently relapsing disease in order to achieve a better treatment according to each patient. Optical rehabilitation and botulinum applications are especially indicated.
Traction Control for a Rocker-Bogie Robot with Wheel-Ground Contact Angle Estimation

(1) Robotics and Automation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd. Prathumwan, Bangkok 10330 http://161.200.80.142/mech, Thailand Abstract A method for kinematics modeling of a six-wheel Rocker-Bogie mobile robot is described in detail. The forward kinematics is derived by using wheel Jacobian matrices in conjunction with wheel-ground contact angle estimation. The inverse kinematics is to obtain the wheel velocities and steering angles from the desired forward velocity and turning rate of the robot. Traction Control is also developed to improve traction by comparing information from onboard sensors and wheel velocities to minimize wheel slip. Finally, a simulation of a small robot using rockerbogie suspension has been performed and simulate in two conditions of surfaces including climbing slope and travel over a ditch.