LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Instruction, Capacity, and Improvement

Since World War II, efforts to improve schools have numbered in the thousands. Most efforts have concentrated on improving the curriculum materials used in schools or on "training" teachers in new instructional methods. Many of these efforts have gone under the banner of "building instructional capacity," a term that for decades has been featured prominently in conversations about educational reform. Unfortunately, three decades of research has found that only a few interventions have had detectable effects on instruction and that, when such effects are detected, they rarely are sustained over time. A review of research and professional experience with school improvement suggests several explanations for these disheartening findings. One is that schools are complex social organizations situated within, and vitally affected by, other complex social systems including families, communities, and professional and regulatory agencies. The larger social environment of schools constrains and shapes the actions of teachers, students, and administrators, often in ways that greatly complicate the work of school improvement. Challenges to school improvement are particularly acute in highpoverty settings where recruiting wellqualified teachers is difficult and where the emotional and health problems of students often deflects attention to educational issues or impedes work on them. As a result, many researchers now believe that school improvement involves much more than efforts to change interactions occurring within schools. To succeed, school improvement interventions also must attend to the complex relationships that exist among intervention agents, schools, and their social environments. Disciplines Curriculum and Instruction | Curriculum and Social Inquiry | Educational Administration and Supervision | Educational Methods | Education Policy | Teacher Education and Professional Development Comments View on the CPRE website. This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/8 Instruction, Capacity, and Improvement David K. Cohen and Deborah Loewenberg Ball CPRE Research Report Series RR-43
On World Historians in the Sixteenth Century

ABSTRACT This essay looks at a set of possible genealogies for the notion of ““world history”” by reading histories that were written on a world scale in the sixteenth century. It argues that such works were far more widely dispersed than has been hitherto suspected, and they were by no means a strictly European phenomenon; examples from Mexico, the Mughal empire, the Ottoman domains, and Poland all find their place in the discussion. Further, such histories formed part of a sphere of circulation of textual and visual materials on the scale of the planet. Finally, the relationship between such histories and the earlier tradition of ““universal histories”” is explored, showing the distinctions between them.
Origami axioms and circle extension

Origami, i.e. paper folding, is a powerful tool for geometrical constructions. In 1989, Humiaki Huzita introduced six folding operations based on aligning one or more combinations of points and lines [6]. Jacques Justin, in his paper of the same proceedings, also presented a list of seven distinct operations [9]. His list included, without literal description, one extra operation not in Huzita's paper. Justin's work was written in French, and was somehow unknown among researchers. This led Hatori [5] to 'discover' the same seventh operation in 2001. Alperin and Lang in 2006 [1] showed, by exhaustive enumeration of combinations of superpositions of points and lines involved, that the seven operations are complete combinations of the alignments. Huzita did not call his list of operations axioms. However, over years, the term Huzita axioms, or Huzita-Justin or Huzita-Hatori axioms, has been widely used in origami community. From logical point of view, it is not accurate to call Huzita's original statements of folding operations as axioms, because they are not always true in plane Euclidean geometry. In this paper, we present precise statements of the folding operations, by which naming them 'axioms' is logically valid, and we make some notes about the work of Huzita and Justin.
Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus (Liliaceae)

BACKGROUND
Drug resistance in bacteria has become a global concern and the search for new antibacterial agents is urgent and ongoing. Endophytes provide an abundant reservoir of bioactive metabolites for medicinal exploitation, and an increasing number of novel compounds are being isolated from endophytic fungi. Ophiopogon japonicus, containing compounds with antibacterial activity, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used for eliminating phlegm, relieving coughs, latent heat in the lungs, and alleviating diabetes mellitus. We investigated the antimicrobial activities of 30 strains of O. japonicus.


METHODS
Fungal endophytes were isolated from roots and stems of O. japonicus collected from Chongqing City, southwestern China. Mycelial extracts (MC) and fermentation broth (FB) were tested for antimicrobial activity using peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibition fluorescence assays and MTT cell proliferation assays.


RESULTS
A total of 30 endophytic strains were isolated from O. japonicus; 22 from roots and eight from stems. 53.33% of the mycelial extracts (MC) and 33.33% of the fermentation broths (FB) displayed potent inhibition of PDF. 80% of MC and 33.33% of FB significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. 70% of MC and 36.67% of FB showed strong activities against Cryptococcus neoformans. None showed influence on Escherichia coli.


CONCLUSION
The secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from O. japonicus are potential antimicrobial agents.
An Activated Form of Notch Influences the Choice between CD4 and CD8 T Cell Lineages

Notch is a transmembrane receptor that controls cell fate decisions in Drosophila and whose role in mammalian cell fate decisions is beginning to be explored. We are investigating the role of Notch in a well-studied mammalian cell fate decision: the choice between the CD8 and CD4 T cell lineages. Here we report that expression of an activated form of Notch1 in developing T cells of the mouse leads to both an increase in CD8 lineage T cells and a decrease in CD4 lineage T cells. Expression of activated Notch permits the development of mature CD8 lineage thymocytes even in the absence of class I major histocompatability complex (MHC) proteins, ligands that are normally required for the development of these cells. However, activated Notch is not sufficient to promote CD8 cell development when both class I and class II MHC are absent. These results implicate Notch as a participant in the CD4 versus CD8 lineage decision.
Understanding and Using Patterns in Software Development

Patterns have shown to be an effective means of capturing and communicating software design experience. However, there is more to patterns than software design patterns: We believe that patterns work for software development on several levels. In this paper we explore what we have come to understand as crucial aspects of the pattern concept, relate patterns to the different models built during software design, discuss pattern forms and how we think that patterns can form larger wholes like pattern handbooks.
Prevalência de sorovares de Salmonella isolados de aves no Brasil

Hofer E., Silva Filho S.J. & Reis E.M.F. 1997. [Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from birds in Brazil.] Prevalência de sorovares de Salmonella isolados de aves no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 17(2):55-62. Depto Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil. Salmonella strains were isolated from ill and shedding birds in several regions of Brazil between 1962 and 1991. Serotyping of 2123 isolates showed 90 serovars pertaining to 14 serogroups. There was a predominance of groups O:9 (40.0%), O:4 (33.3%), O:7 (10.6%) and O:3,10 (6.7%). Major serovar diversity was found to serogroup O:7 that accounted for 22 different types, followed by serogroups O:4, O:3,10 and O:9 with 19, 15 and 10 serotypes respectively. An average of 10.8 serovars was isolated per year. S. Gallinarum, S. Pullorum, S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg, S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis were the most frequent serovars found over the 30 years, representing 65% to 67% of the total of isolates. Bacteriological and epidemiological aspects concerning a number of serotypes are discussed.
Critically ill infants and children with influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina

To determine the epidemiological features, course, and outcomes of critically ill pediatric patients with Influenza A (H1N1) virus. Prospective cohort of children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Seventeen medical-surgical PICUs in tertiary care hospital in Argentina. All consecutive patients admitted to the PICUs with influenza A (H1N1) viral infection from 15 June to 31 July 2009. Of 437 patients with acute lower respiratory infection in PICUs, 147 (34%) were diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) related to critical illness. The median age of these patients was 10 months (IQR 3–59). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 117 (84%) on admission. The rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 80% (118 of 147 patients). Initial non-invasive ventilation failed in 19 of 22 attempts (86%). Mortality at 28 days was 39% (n = 57). Chronic complex conditions (CCCs), acute renal dysfunction (ARD) and ratio PaO2/FiO2 at day 3 on MV were independently associated with a higher risk of mortality. The odds ratio (OR) for CCCs was 3.06, (CI 95% 1.36–6.84); OR for ARD, 3.38, (CI 95% 1.45–10.33); OR for PaO2/FiO2, 4 (CI 95% 1.57–9.59). The administration of oseltamivir within 24 h after admission had a protective effect: OR 0.2 (CI 95% 0.07–0.54). In children with ARDS, H1N1 as an etiologic agent confers high mortality, and the presence of CCCs in such patients increases the risk of death.
Genital trauma in prepubertal girls and adolescents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To look critically at recent research articles that pertain to children and adolescents who present with genital injuries.


RECENT FINDINGS
Emerging evidence supports links to long-term psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. Parents should be educated to instruct their children regarding types of child abuse and prevention. 'Medicalization' of female genital mutilation (FGM) by health providers, including 'cutting or pricking', is condemned by international organizations.


SUMMARY
Genital injuries whether accidental or intentional need to be reported with standardized terminology to allow for comparisons between reported outcomes. Motor vehicle accidents associated with pelvic fractures may result in bladder or urethral trauma. Adverse long-term psychosocial behaviors may be sequelae of child sexual abuse. FGM is willful damage to healthy organs for nontherapeutic reasons, and a form of violence against girls and women. Healthcare providers should counsel women suffering from the consequences of FGM, advise them to seek care, counsel them to resist reinfibulation, and prevent this procedure from being performed on their daughters.
Smart Light-Ultra High Speed Projector for Spatial Multiplexing Optical Transmission

We present a spatial multiplex optical transmission system named the “Smart Light” (See Figure 1), which provides multiple data streams to multiple points simultaneously. This system consists of a projector and some devices along with a photo-detector. The projector projects images with invisible information to the devices, and devices receive some data. In this system, the data stream is expandable to a positionbased audio or video stream by using DMDs (Digital Micro-mirror Device) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) with unperceivable space-time modulation. First, in a preliminary experiment, we confirmed with a commercially produced XGA grade projector transmitting a million points that the data rate of its path is a few bits per second. Detached devices can receive relative position data and other properties from the projector. Second, we made an LED type high-speed projector to transmit audio streams using modulated light on an object and confirmed the transmission of positionbased audio stream data.
Assertive Community Treatment for alcohol dependence (ACTAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Alcohol dependence is a significant and costly problem in the UK yet only 6% of people a year receive treatment. Current service provision based on the treatment of acute episodes of illness and emphasising personal choice and motivation results in a small proportion of these patients engaging with alcohol treatment. There is a need for interventions targeted at the population of alcohol dependent patients who are hard to engage in conventional treatment. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), a model of care based on assertive outreach, has been used for treating patients with severe mental illnesses and presents a promising avenue for engaging patients with primary alcohol dependence. So far there has been little research on this.


METHODS/DESIGN
In this single blind exploratory randomised controlled trial, a total of 90 alcohol dependent participants will be recruited from community addiction services. After completing a baseline assessment, they will be assigned to one of two conditions: (1) ACT plus care as usual, or (2) care as usual. Those allocated to the ACT plus care as usual will receive the same treatment that is routinely provided by services, plus a trained key worker who will provide ACT. ACT comprises intensive and assertive contact at least once a week, over 50% of contacts in the participant's home or local community, and comprehensive case management across social and health care, for a period of one year. All participants will be followed up at 6 months and 12 months to assess outcome post randomisation. The primary outcome measures will be alcohol consumption: mean drinks per drinking day and percentage of days abstinent measured by the Time Line Follow Back interview. Secondary outcome measures will include severity of alcohol dependence, alcohol related problems, motivation to change, social network involvement, quality of life, therapeutic relationship and service use. Other outcome variables are treatment engagement including completion of assessment, detoxification and aftercare.


DISCUSSION
Results of this trial will help clarify the potential beneficial effects of ACT for people with alcohol dependence and provide information to design a definitive trial.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN: ISRCTN22775534.
Measurement properties of the German Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) in patients with trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint osteoarthritis (OA).


METHODS
In this prospective observational study, patients diagnosed with TMC joint OA who received either conservative or surgical treatment were included. At baseline and at 1 year following the beginning of treatment, we measured key pinch strength and the patients filled out the MHQ, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the Short Form 12 health survey. Patients also completed these questionnaires 2-11 days after the last study visit. In order to analyze the measurement properties of the MHQ, we calculated test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha for the 6 subscales), construct validity (Pearson's correlation coefficient [r]), responsiveness (effect sizes), and the minimum important change (MIC).


RESULTS
We included 177 patients, of whom 109 were scheduled for surgery. The mean ± SD MHQ total score for surgical patients increased from 48 ± 14 at baseline to 75 ± 18 at 1 year (P ≤ 0.001). In contrast, no treatment effect was observed in the conservative group (P = 0.74). The MHQ total score showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC 0.95) and correlated strongly with the DASH (r = -0.77). Internal consistency of the MHQ subscales ranged between 0.77 and 0.89. A large effect size of 1.7 was found for the surgical patients, with an MIC of 17 points.


CONCLUSION
The MHQ demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with TMC joint OA and can be recommended as a suitable assessment instrument in this population.
Preference for structured environment in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and checker barbs (Puntius oligolepis)

Information about the welfare and husbandry of pet and laboratory fish is scarce although millions of fish are sold in pet shops and used in laboratory research every year. Inadequate housing conditions can cause behavioural problems also in fish since they are complex animals with sophisticated behaviour. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental complexity on compartment preference and behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and checker barbs (Puntius oligolepis). For the preference test, large aquaria were divided by two semi-transparent walls of Plexiglas into an empty compartment, a structured compartment enriched with plants and clay pots, and a smaller compartment in-between, where food was provided. For observation, the empty and structured compartments were divided into six zones of similar size by defining three vertical layers and two horizontal areas (back vs. front area). Seven groups of six to nine zebrafish and seven groups of seven or eight checker barbs were observed on four days each (within a time period of ten days) to assess compartment use and activity, and to assess behavioural diversity and use of zones within compartments. Both zebrafish and checker barbs showed a significant preference for the structured compartment. Nevertheless, in neither species did behavioural diversity differ between the empty and structured compartment. Zebrafish used all zones in both compartments to the same extent. Checker barbs, however, used the structured compartment more evenly than the empty compartment, where they mainly used the lower and middle zones. These results suggest that zebrafish and checker barbs have a preference for complex environments. Furthermore, they indicate that the behavioural and ecological needs of fish may vary depending on species, and recommendations for husbandry should be specified at species level. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Validation of the deployment risk and resilience inventory in French-Canadian veterans: findings on the relation between deployment experiences and postdeployment health.

OBJECTIVES
This study had a twofold purpose: to validate the French-Canadian version of a measure of deployment risk and resilience factors and to examine the relation between deployment risk and resilience factors and postdeployment functioning.


METHOD
Canadian veterans at an outpatient clinic (n = 131) completed a mail-in survey that included a measure on deployment risk and resilience factors, the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) (1), as well as measures on psychological and physical health.


RESULTS
Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients for the DRRI scales were very good. As expected, DRRI risk factors were negatively associated with psychological and physical functioning, and DRRI resilience factors were positively associated with psychological and physical functioning. Low- as well as high-magnitude deployment risk factors were associated with functioning.


CONCLUSIONS
The French-Canadian version of the DRRI is a reliable and valid measure of deployment risk and resilience factors. Deployment risk and resilience factors are associated with a host of problems in physical and psychological functioning for veterans.
Special issue on collaboration in software testing between industry and academia

Testing is the most widely practiced method to detect defects and to improve quality in the software industry. Many projects rely on testing as their primary quality assurance measure (Orso and Rothermel 2014). The practical importance of testing is also reflected by the often enormous budgets dedicated to this form of quality assurance (Huang and Boehm 2006). The academic interest is emphasized by a long and outstanding research history on static and dynamic testing of software systems (Orso and Rothermel 2014). Software testing is covered by dedicated academic conferences and events, tracks in major software engineering venues, and a wide array of scientific publications. Yet, how does this research impact the software industry? Despite the numerous ideas and approaches developed in academia, few research results have turned into practical applications that create a lasting benefit for practitioners. There is still a significant gap between the state of academic research and the state and needs of industrial practice. Bridging this gap is of mutual interest as collaboration between industry and academia supports improvement and innovation in industry and ensures industrial relevance in academic research. This special issue focuses on collaboration between industry and academia in the context of software testing. It follows a series of events on industry-academia collaboration, such as the Workshop on Testing: Academia-Industry Collaboration, Practice and Research Techniques (TAIC PART) (Ramler et al. 2016; Alshahwan et al. 2015). The special issue comprises six papers that describe lessons learned from collaboration initiatives, share insights into the challenges and opportunities involved in the joint work of researchers and practitioners, and provide suggestions and approaches for better connecting the two sides. The first paper Industry-academia collaborations in software testing: experiences and success stories from Canada and Turkey by Vahid Garousi, Matt M. Eskandar, and Kadir Software Qual J https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-017-9395-1
Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Serum Levels of Bone Turnover Markers in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND
To evaluate effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the bone turnover markers of preoperational breast cancer patients.


METHODS
Forty-one breast cancer patients (29 premenopausal and 12 postmenopausal) and 60 healthy women (30 premenopausal and 30 postmenopausal) aged 30-64 years, were evaluated for their bone status. Serum levels of the bone formation markers PINP and BAP, as well as the resorption markers ICTP and β-Crosslaps in addition to E2, FSH, 25(OH)D and PTH were measured at the initial diagnosis and at 24 hours after each four chemotherapy cycles. BMD T-scores were determined in 12 patients 6 months after the neoadjuvant chemotherapies.


RESULTS
The baseline levels of both bone formation and resorption markers in premenopausal patients were higher than in premenopausal healthy women (p<0.05), while no statistic difference was observed between postmenopausal patients and postmenopausal healthy women. Regardless of the menopausal status, chemotherapy increased the ICTP and β-Crosslaps levels (p<0.05), but decreased the BAP and PINP levels (p<0.05), the later one significantly more with Taxane medication (p<0.01, p<0.05). Chemotherapy caused significant decreases of 25(OH)D levels in premenopausal (p<0.01) and postmenopausal (p<0.05) patients, however, did not affect the PTH concentrations. In premenopausal patients the E2 level decreased, while the FSH level increased after chemotherapy (p<0.05). Patients with pronounced ICTP and β-Crosslaps combined with reduced BAP and PINP serum concentrations after neoadjuvant chemotherapies were prone to develop osteoporosis 6 month later.


CONCLUSIONS
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to promote bone resorption and inhibit bone formation in both postmenopausal and premenopausal early-stage breast patients.