LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Orbitofrontal dysfunction in a monozygotic twin discordant for postpartum affective psychosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND
Incomplete concordance for psychosis in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been interpreted as indicative of non-genetic cofactors in transmission of the illness. In this case study, we consider childbirth a landmark in the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of puerperal psychosis and then to bipolar/schizoaffective disorder. At the end of the third trimester, there is a sudden drop in estrogen, which exerts prominent effects on the serotonergic system in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the present study was to investigate OFC activation during emotional processing in MZ twins discordant for affective psychosis.


METHODS
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging was measured during the passive viewing of emotional film excerpts.


RESULTS
Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant locus of activation was found in the left OFC in the normal MZ twin, but not in the psychosis MZ twin.


CONCLUSIONS
The personality changes noted in the psychosis MZ twin (postpartum psychosis) may be related to dysfunctional OFC. Ms J's childbirth may have triggered the onset of psychotic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder.
A Spread Spectrum . Sliding Correlator System for Propagation Measurements

The design of a wireless communication system is dependent upon the propagation environment in which the system is to be used. Factors such as the time delay spread and the path loss of a radio channel affect the performance and reliability of a wireless system. These factors can be accurately measured through RF propagation measurements in the environments in which artemerging wireless technology is to be deployed~
Prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: an effective technique using combination phenylephrine infusion and crystalloid cohydration.

BACKGROUND
Many methods for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery have been investigated, but no single technique has proven to be effective and reliable. This randomized study studied the efficacy of combining simultaneous rapid crystalloid infusion (cohydration) with a high-dose phenylephrine infusion.


METHODS
Nonlaboring patients scheduled to undergo elective cesarean delivery received an intravenous infusion of 100 mug/min phenylephrine that was started immediately after spinal injection and titrated to maintain systolic blood pressure near baseline values until uterine incision. In addition, patients received infusion of lactated Ringer's solution that was given either rapidly (group 1, n = 57) or at a minimal maintenance rate (group 0, n = 55). Maternal hemodynamic changes and neonatal condition were compared.


RESULTS
Six patients were excluded from analysis. Only 1 of 53 patients (1.9% [95% confidence interval, 0.3-9.9%]) in group 1 experienced hypotension versus 15 of 53 patients (28.3% [95% confidence interval, 18.0-41.6%]) in group 0 (P = 0.0001). Compared with group 0, patients in group 1 had greater values for the following: serial measurements of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), minimum recorded systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0002), and minimum recorded heart rate (P = 0.013). Total phenylephrine consumption was smaller in group 1 compared with group 0 (P = 0.008). Neonatal outcome and maternal side effects were similar between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Combination of a high-dose phenylephrine infusion and rapid crystalloid cohydration is the first technique to be described that is effective for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
Drug-free remission, functioning and radiographic damage after 4 years of response-driven treatment in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the occurrence of drug-free remission, functional ability and radiological damage after 4 years of response-driven treatment according to four different treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
Patients with recent-onset, active RA (n = 508) were randomly assigned to four different treatment strategies: (1) sequential monotherapy; (2) step-up combination therapy; (3) initial combination therapy with prednisone and (4) initial combination therapy with infliximab. Treatment was adjusted based on 3-monthly disease activity score (DAS) assessments, aiming at a DAS < or =2.4. From the third year, patients with a sustained DAS <1.6 discontinued treatment.


RESULTS
In total, 43% of patients were in remission (DAS <1.6) at 4 years and 13% were in drug-free remission: 14%, 12%, 8% and 18% of patients in groups 1-4, respectively. The absence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, male gender and short symptom duration were independently associated with drug-free remission. Functional ability and remission were maintained in all four groups with the continuation of DAS-driven treatment, without significant differences between the groups. Significant progression of joint damage was observed in 38% and 31% of patients in groups 3 and 4 versus 51% and 54% of patients in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05, group 4 versus groups 1 and 2, group 3 versus group 2).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with recent-onset active RA, drug-free remission was achieved in up to 18% of patients. DAS-driven treatment maintained clinical and functional improvement, independent of the treatment strategy. Joint damage progression remained significantly lower after initial combination therapy compared with initial monotherapy.
THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

The paper discusses the use of precedents from architecture, urban design and film to propose guidelines for the improvement of navigation and wayfinding in virtual environments. 1. Virtual Environments The predominant use, so far, of virtual reality technology in relation to architecture, has been as a means of visually simulating architectural designs. In this respect, virtual reality may be considered as the ultimate medium for producing representations of architectural designs, as it is the only technology capable of simulating the experience of being and moving within a designed environment, prior to its construction. This paper, however, is concerned with how architectural design may contribute to the design of virtual environments themselves. More specifically, it refers to the problem of designing virtual environments from the point of view of enhancing the users’ spatial awareness and, consequently, aiding the task of navigation and wayfinding within virtual environments. The need for addressing this issue is evident in the number of virtual environments which are not very efficient in orientating their operators (and are usually aesthetically displeasing as well). This study has been carried out in relation to a particular class of virtual environment. World Design Inc., in a report on the design of virtual environments (1993, p.12), classified virtual environments in terms of the represented level of realism. They defined: • Hyper-realities, which aim at representing the material world and reflecting its complexity and in which the creative design element is often limited to modeling interaction with the user. • Selective realities, which are simplified representations of the material world and where some aspects of the environment are distorted or transformed and others are accurately represented. • Abstractions, where the virtual environment represents a very complex material world information or information that has no physical representation. In this case, the designer must conceive an effective abstraction of the complex information (which implies a transformation of meaning of what is being represented) and make this understood and responsive for the operator. Figure 1. Abstract visualisation of data sets
TRANZIJENTNA ELASTOGRAFIJA - BUDUĆNOST DIJAGNOSTIKE OŠTEĆENJA JETRE ILI SAMO POKUŠAJ?

Kronične bolesti jetre nalaze se među prvih deset uzroka smrti u razvijenom svijetu, te su jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema u svijetu (1). Gotovo sve kronične bolesti jetre mogu dovesti do ciroze. Glavni uzroci kroničnih bolesti jetre su infekcije virusima hepatitisa B i C, ali se primjećuje i povećana učestalost alkoholnih i nealkoholnih steatohepatitisa (2). Tako se procjenjuje da u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 0,15 % ukupne populacije boluje od ciroze jetre (3). Stupanj jetrene i broze nam na najizravniji i najbolji način ukazuje na težinu oštećenja jetre, a uznapredovalost i broze pruža nam i informacije o prognozi bolesti te pomaže u odabiru prioriteta u liječenju bolesti.
The Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior Applied to Exercise : A Meta-analytic Update

Background: Statistical reviews of the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behavior (TPB) applied to exercise are limited by methodological issues including insufficient sample size and data to examine some moderator associations. Methods: We conducted a meta-analytic review of 111 TRA/TPB and exercise studies and examined the influences of five moderator variables. Results: We found that: a) exercise was most strongly associated with intention and perceived behavioral control; b) intention was most strongly associated with attitude; and c) intention predicted exercise behavior, and attitude and perceived behavioral control predicted intention. Also, the time interval between intention to behavior; scale correspondence; subject age; operationalization of subjective norm, intention, and perceived behavioral control; and publication status moderated the size of the effect. Conclusions: The TRA/TPB effectively explained exercise intention and behavior and moderators of this relationship. Researchers and practitioners are more equipped to design effective interventions by understanding the TRA/TPB constructs.
Benefit of surgical treatment of lung metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma.

HYPOTHESIS
Patients with pulmonary metastatic soft tissue sarcoma benefit from resection, with long-term cure possible.


DESIGN
Retrospective medical records review.


SETTING
Academic tertiary care center.


PATIENTS
Between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2002, 61 patients (33 men and 28 women; median age at initial diagnosis, 42 years [age range, 18-74 years]) were surgically treated for pulmonary metastases of soft tissue sarcoma at University Hospital, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.


INTERVENTIONS
Sternotomy or anterior lateral thoracotomy was performed for metastasectomy, including wedge resection or lobectomy.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The effects of clinical and pathologic factors on disease-specific survival were analyzed using the log rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.


RESULTS
Primary tumor size was pT1 in 13 patients and pT2 in 48 patients. The differentiation was high in 7 patients, intermediate in 19 patients, and low in 35 patients. The mean number of resected pulmonary metastatic lesions was 5 (range, 1-48). An anterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 39 patients, and sternotomy in 22 patients. There were no significant postoperative complications that required surgical revision. The perioperative mortality was 0%. At a mean follow-up of 60 months, the mean survival time after metastasectomy was 33 months (range, 2-125 months). The 5-year survival was 25%. The number of resected lung metastatic lesions had no prognostic relevance (P = .37).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with lung metastasis from soft tissue sarcomas benefit from surgical excision. This treatment has low complication rates and has a favorable influence on the course of the disease. Long-term survival is possible even when recurrent pulmonary disease is resected.
A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention protocol for pneumonia prevention among nursing home elders.

BACKGROUND
Pneumonia remains an important public health problem among elderly nursing home residents. This clinical trial sought to determine if a multicomponent intervention protocol, including manual tooth/gum brushing plus 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinse, twice per day, plus upright positioning during feeding, could reduce the incidence of radiographically documented pneumonia among nursing home residents, compared with usual care.


METHODS
This cluster-randomized clinical trial was conducted in 36 nursing homes in Connecticut. Eligible residents >65 years with at least 1 of 2 modifiable risk factors for pneumonia (ie, impaired oral hygiene, swallowing difficulty) were enrolled. Nursing homes were randomized to the multicomponent intervention protocol or usual care. Participants were followed for up to 2.5 years for development of the primary outcome, a radiographically documented pneumonia, and secondary outcome, a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) without radiographic documentation.


RESULTS
A total of 834 participants were enrolled: 434 to intervention and 400 to usual care. The trial was terminated for futility. The number of participants in the intervention vs control arms with first pneumonia was 119 (27.4%) vs 94 (23.5%), respectively, and with first LRTI, 125 (28.8%) vs 100 (25.0%), respectively. In a multivariable Cox regression model, the hazard ratio in the intervention vs control arms, respectively, was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], .84-1.50; P = .44) for first pneumonia and 1.07 (95% CI, .79-1.46, P = .65) for first LRTI.


CONCLUSIONS
The multicomponent intervention protocol did not significantly reduce the incidence of first radiographically confirmed pneumonia or LRTI compared with usual care in nursing home residents.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT00975780.
Asian adaptation and validation of an English version of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life questionnaire (MusiQoL).

INTRODUCTION
The Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire (MusiQoL) is a self-administered, multi-dimensional, patient-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. With increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian countries, a valid tool to assess HRQoL in those patients is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient acceptability, content validity and psychometric properties of an Asian version of the English MusiQoL in Singapore, Malaysia and India.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
English speaking patients older than 18 years of age with a defi nite diagnosis of MS were included. The self-administered survey material included the adapted HRQoL questionnaire, a validated generic HRQoL questionnaire: the short-form 36 (SF-36), as well as a checklist of 14 symptoms. We assessed the internal and external validity of the adapted MusiQoL.


RESULTS
A total of 81 patients with MS were included in the study. The questionnaire was generally well accepted. In the samples from Malaysia and Singapore, all scales exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70). Correlation to SF-36 was generally good, demonstrating high construct validity (P <0.001) in some aspects of the MusiQoL.


CONCLUSION
The Asian adaptation of the English version of the MusiQoL in evaluating HRQoL seems to be a valid, reliable tool with adequate patient acceptability and internal consistency.
Thermosonic Wire Bonding Process Simulation and Bond Pad Over Active Stress Analysis

In this paper, a transient nonlinear dynamic finite element framework is developed, which integrates the wire bonding process and the silicon devices under bond pad. Two major areas are addressed: one is the impact of assembly 1st wire bonding process and another one is the impact of device layout below the bond pad. Simulation includes the ultrasonic transient dynamic bonding process and the stress wave transferred to bond pad device and silicon in the 1st bond. The Pierce strain rate dependent model is introduced to model the impact stain hardening effect. Ultrasonic amplitude and frequency are studied and discussed for the bonding process. In addition, different layouts of device metallization under bond pad are analyzed and discussed for the efforts to reduce the dynamic impact response of the bond pad over active design. Modeling discloses the stress and deformation impacts to both wire bonding and pad below device with strain rate, different ultrasonic amplitudes and frequencies, different friction coefficients, as well as different bond pad thickness and device layout under pad. The residual stress, after cooling down to a lower temperature, is discussed for the impact of substrate temperature.
Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America, and Australia.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to examine the relationship between active transportation (defined as the percentage of trips taken by walking, bicycling, and public transit) and obesity rates (BMI > or = 30 kg . m-2) in different countries.


METHODS
National surveys of travel behavior and health indicators in Europe, North America, and Australia were used in this study; the surveys were conducted in 1994 to 2006. In some cases raw data were obtained from national or federal agencies and then analyzed, and in other cases summary data were obtained from published reports.


RESULTS
Countries with the highest levels of active transportation generally had the lowest obesity rates. Europeans walked more than United States residents (382 versus 140 km per person per year) and bicycled more (188 versus 40 km per person per year) in 2000.


DISCUSSION
Walking and bicycling are far more common in European countries than in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Active transportation is inversely related to obesity in these countries. Although the results do not prove causality, they suggest that active transportation could be one of the factors that explain international differences in obesity rates.
Managing Public Relationships via Corporate Blogs

Corporate blogs are a relatively recent online form of social media that public relations scholars and practitioners have begun to investigate as a potential tool to manage organization-public relationships. Research, for example, explored corporate blogs in crisis contexts (Sweester & Metzgar, 2007), content, structure, usability, and interactivity of the blogs (Xifra & Huertas, 2008), ethics (Smudde, 2005), power relations inside organizations (Porter, Trammell, Chung, & Kim, 2007), blog content and designs in public sectors (Lee, Park, & Hwang, 2008), and credibility, acceptance, and use (Wu, Kao, & Lin, 2013). The primary rationale of corporate blogs for public relations practitioners is that they are a vital communication mechanism through which relationships with concerned publics are built and maintained. Corporate blogs can facilitate two-way communication and serve both mass and interpersonal communication (Marken, 2005). They function as a channel for an organization to directly and openly communicate with its various publics or stakeholders with the flexibility of being personal and distanced (Kelleher & Miller, 2006). They are also a valuable tool to monitor and analyze the market and measure the opinions and engagement of their audiences/consumers regarding their business, product, service or brand (Ahuja & Medury, 2010). Internally, corporate blogs can become a sustainable forum in which employees can share their organizational roles, improve work processes, increase the sense of group cohesiveness, and enhance personal ties (Baehr & Alex-Brown, 2010). Thus, corporate blogs can be an indispensible venue through which organizations can manage (build and maintain) internal and external relationships with various key publics. Yet, with an exception of Cho and Huh’s (2010) pioneering research, little is known about corporate blogs from relationship management theory point of view.
47,XYY syndrome: clinical phenotype and timing of ascertainment.

OBJECTIVE
To describe auxologic, physical, and behavioral features in a large cohort of males with 47,XYY (XYY), ages newborn to young adult.


STUDY DESIGN
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of male subjects with XYY who were evaluated at 1 of 2 specialized academic sites. Subjects underwent a history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and cognitive/behavioral evaluation.


RESULTS
In 90 males with XYY (mean age 9.6 ± 5.3 years [range 0.5-36.5]), mean height SD was above average (1.0 ± 1.2 SD). Macrocephaly (head circumference >2 SD) was noted in 28/84 (33%), hypotonia in 57/90 (63%), clinodactyly in 47/90 (52%), and hypertelorism in 53/90 (59%). There was testicular enlargement for age (>2 SD) in 41/82 (50%), but no increase in genital anomalies. No physical phenotypic differences were seen in boys diagnosed prenatally vs postnatally. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels were in the normal range in most boys. There was an increased incidence of asthma, seizures, tremor, and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with the general population rates. Prenatally diagnosed boys scored significantly better on cognitive testing and were less likely to be diagnosed with ASD (P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
The XYY phenotype commonly includes tall stature, macrocephaly, macroorchidism, hypotonia, hypertelorism, and tremor. Physical phenotypic features were similar in boys diagnosed prenatally vs postnatally. Prenatal diagnosis was associated with higher cognitive function and less likelihood of an ASD diagnosis.
A Survey Paper on Video Steganography

Now a days, it is very risky to handle the data in internet against intruders. Data is generally in the form of text, audio , video and image. Steganography is one of the best method to share the data secretly and securely. Steganography algorithm can be applied to audio, video and image file. Secret data may in the form of text, image or even in the form of video and audio. Hiding secret information in video file is known as video steganography. In this paper, a review on various video steganography techniques has been presented. Various spatial domain and transform domain techniques of video steganography have been discussed in this paper. Keywords— Steganography, Discrete wavelet transform, Discrete Cosine transform, cover image.
A randomized prospective study on the use of 2 g-IVIG or 1 g-IVIG as therapy for Kawasaki disease

A single, 2 g/kg dose of immune globulin (IG), denoted 2 g-intravenous (IV)IG, has become a standard regimen for treating Kawasaki disease (KD) because of its highly preventive effect on coronary arterial lesions (CAL). However, IG is obtained from blood specimens, a drawback to many patients, and is also very expensive. This randomized prospective study reported here was carried out with the aim of developing a treatment regimen that would reduce the total dose of IG. The study tested two protocols (A: 2 g-IVIG; B: 1 g-IVIG) that included the strategy of administering additional IVIG to IVIG-resistant patients based on the criteria we described previously. In protocol A, an additional 2 g-IVIG was administered only once; in protocol B, the first additional IVIG was 1 g-IVIG and the second was 2 g-IVIG. One hundred and nine patients who were admitted before the seventh day of illness and had no CAL at the time of admission were enrolled in the study (protocol A: 54 patients; B: 55 patients). In the protocol A group, 7.4% (4/54) of the patients received 4 g/kg IG. In protocol B, 41.8% (23/55) were treated only with 1 g/kg IG, and 10.9% (6/55) received 4 g/kg IG. No significant differences were observed between the patients of the two subgroups receiving 4 g/kg IG in each protocol group. Discriminate analysis also suggested that 52.4% of the patients in the protocol A group could be treated only with 1 g/kg IG. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of aneurysms between patients in the protocol A group (1/54) and those in the protocol B group (4/55). Our protocol based on 1 g-IVIG, including additional IVIG, was assessed to be an effective treatment and to provide a considerably useful means to reduce the total dose of IG.