LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Complications in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the new millennium. A report of the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality Committee.

STUDY DESIGN
The Morbidity and Mortality database of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) was queried as to the incidence and type of complications as reported by its members for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with spinal fusion and instrumentation procedures regarding surgical approach (anterior, posterior, or combined anterior-posterior) during a recent 3-year period.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of surgeon-reported complications in a large series of spinal fusions with instrumentation for a single spinal deformity diagnosis and age group regarding surgical approach.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The SRS has been collecting morbidity and mortality data from its members since its formation in 1965 with the intent of using these data to assess the complications and adverse outcomes (death and/or spinal cord injury) of surgical treatment for spinal deformity. Surgical approaches to the management of treatment of AIS have a measurable impact on efficacy of correction, levels fused, and operative morbidity. However, there is a lack of consensus on the choice of surgical approach for the treatment of spinal deformity.


METHODS
Of the 58,197 surgical cases submitted by members of the SRS in the years 2001, 2002, and 2003, 10.9% were identified as having had anterior, posterior, or combined spinal fusion with instrumentation for the diagnosis of AIS, and comprised the study cohort. All reported complications were tabulated and totaled for each of the 3 types of procedures, and statistical analysis was conducted.


RESULTS
Complications were reported in 5.7% of the 6334 patients in this series. Of the 1164 patients who underwent anterior fusion and instrumentation, 5.2% had complications, of the 4369 who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion, 5.1% had complications, and of the 801 who underwent combined instrumentation and fusion, 10.2% had complications. There were 2 patients (0.03%) who died of their complications. There was no statistical difference in overall complication rates between anterior and posterior procedures. However, the difference in complication rates between anterior or posterior procedures compared to combined procedures was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The differences in neurologic complication rates between combined and anterior procedures, as well as combined and posterior procedures were also highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001), but not between anterior and posterior procedures.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that complication rates are similar for anterior versus posterior approaches to AIS deformity correction. Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation and fusion has double the complication rate of either anterior or posterior instrumentation and fusion alone. Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation and fusion also has a significantly higher rate of neurologic complications than anterior or posterior instrumentation and fusion alone.
Expansion of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

BACKGROUND
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal granulomatous disease that affects mainly children. LCH can involve various tissues such as bone, skin, lung, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the central nervous system, and is frequently responsible for functional sequelae. The pathophysiology of LCH is unclear, but the uncontrolled proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs) is believed to be the primary event in the formation of granulomas. The present study was designed to further investigate the nature of proliferating cells and the immune mechanisms involved in the LCH granulomas.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
Biopsies (n = 24) and/or blood samples (n = 25) from 40 patients aged 0.25 to 13 y (mean 7.8 y), were studied to identify cells that proliferate in blood and granulomas. We found that the proliferating index of LCs was low ( approximately 1.9%), and we did not observe expansion of a monocyte or dendritic cell compartment in patients. We found that LCH lesions were a site of active inflammation, tissue remodeling, and neo-angiogenesis, and the majority of proliferating cells were endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and polyclonal T lymphocytes. Within granulomas, interleukin 10 was abundant, LCs expressed the TNF receptor family member RANK, and CD4(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(high) regulatory T cells (T-regs) represented 20% of T cells, and were found in close contact with LCs. FoxP3(+) T-regs were also expanded compared to controls, in the blood of LCH patients with active disease, among whom seven out of seven tested exhibited an impaired skin delayed-type hypersensitivity response. In contrast, the number of blood T-regs were normal after remission of LCH.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that LC accumulation in LCH results from survival rather than uncontrolled proliferation, and is associated with the expansion of T-regs. These data suggest that LCs may be involved in the expansion of T-regs in vivo, resulting in the failure of the host immune system to eliminate LCH cells. Thus T-regs could be a therapeutic target in LCH.
Optical repetition MIMO transmission with multipulse PPM

We study the use of multiple laser transmitters combined with multiple photodetectors for atmospheric, line-of-sight optical communication, and focus upon the use of multiple-pulse-position-modulation as a power-efficient transmission format, with signal repetition across the laser array. Ideal (photon counting) photodetectors are assumed, with and without background radiation. The resulting multiple-input/multiple-output channel has the potential for combating fading effects on turbulent optical channels, for which both log-normal and Rayleigh-fading models are treated. Our focus is upon symbol error probability for uncoded transmission, and on capacity for coded transmission. Full spatial diversity is obtained naturally in this application.
A comparative study on security features of Indian , Canadian and Dubai cheques

Cheque is a document that orders the bank to pay a specific amount of money from the holder’s account to the person whose details are drafted on the cheque. Cheque is one of the most prevailing documents of the bank whose chances of being counterfeited is maximum, therefore in order to prevent counterfeiting the cheque are being embedded with security features. Cheque is essentially considered as the bill of exchange that is manufactured in order to make money transactions without having cash in hand.1 Section 13 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Act no. 26 of 1881) of Indian constitution states that a negotiable instrument is a promissory note, bill of exchange or a cheque payable either to payee or to a bearer and Section 6 of this Act exclusively defines a cheque as a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker, and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand.2 Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, signed by the person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only two or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of instrument.3
A mixed-method systematic review: support for ethical competence of nurses.

AIM
The aim was to appraise and synthesize evidence of empirical studies of how nurses' ethical competence can be supported.


BACKGROUND
Ethical competence is an essential element of nursing practice. Nurses increasingly need support in competence when carrying out their responsibilities towards their patients.


DESIGN
A mixed-method systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies was undertaken according to the University of York's Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines.


DATA SOURCES
Searches of MEDLINE, Nursing Database and British Nursing Index databases were conducted, yielding 512 citations between 1985-2012.


METHODS
After a two-stage application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 articles were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using STROBE or COREQ criteria. Data were analysed by content analysis.


RESULTS
Nurses' ethical competence has been studied from different viewpoints: ethical decision-making, ethical sensitivity, ethical knowledge and ethical reflection. There was little empirical evidence of provided support, but studies offered recommendations on how to support ethical competence. The most common strategies to support ethical competence were ethics education, ethics rounds, ethics committee and consultation. Nurse leaders and colleagues have a key role in providing opportunities for nurses to gain ethical competence.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to develop evidence-based support at the organizational and individual level to support nurses' ethical competence. Barriers for multiprofessional cooperation in ethical issues should be recognized and addressed as part of the development of organizational ethical practices. Research should pay more attention to the conceptual, theoretical and practical perspectives of ethical competence.
Speech compression and decompression using DWT and DCT

speech compression is the digital signal which is compressed by using various techniques for transmission. This paper explains a transform methodology for compression of the speech signal. In this paper speech is compressed by discrete wavelet transform technique afterward compressed signal is again compressed by discrete cosine transform afterward compressed signal is decompressed by discrete wavelet transform. The performance of speech signal is measure on the basis of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE) by using different filters of wavelet family. Keywords— DCT, DWT, SPEECH COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION
DeepPlaylist : Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Predict Song Similarity

The abstract paragraph should be indented 1/2 inch (3 picas) on both left and righthand margins. Use 10 point type, with a vertical spacing of 11 points. The word Abstract must be centered, bold, and in point size 12. Two line spaces precede the abstract. The abstract must be limited to one paragraph.
On the ecological environmental quality of Wukeshu

The ecosystems of the town Wukeshu mainly include the following types:agro-ecosystem,water ecosystem,settlement ecosystems and scenic tourist ecosystem.According to the reaearch results of the environmental quality and ecosystem of the town Wukeshu,through scientific analysis and forecast.It is considered that the dust,the waste water and the domestic waste will not produce harmful effects on regional ecological environment.
Multiracial Facial Golden Ratio and Evaluation of Facial Appearance

UNLABELLED
This study aimed to investigate the association of facial proportion and its relation to the golden ratio with the evaluation of facial appearance among Malaysian population. This was a cross-sectional study with 286 randomly selected from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Health Campus students (150 females and 136 males; 100 Malaysian Chinese, 100 Malaysian Malay and 86 Malaysian Indian), with the mean age of 21.54 ± 1.56 (Age range, 18-25). Facial indices obtained from direct facial measurements were used for the classification of facial shape into short, ideal and long. A validated structured questionnaire was used to assess subjects' evaluation of their own facial appearance. The mean facial indices of Malaysian Indian (MI), Malaysian Chinese (MC) and Malaysian Malay (MM) were 1.59 ± 0.19, 1.57 ± 0.25 and 1.54 ± 0.23 respectively. Only MC showed significant sexual dimorphism in facial index (P = 0.047; P<0.05) but no significant difference was found between races. Out of the 286 subjects, 49 (17.1%) were of ideal facial shape, 156 (54.5%) short and 81 (28.3%) long. The facial evaluation questionnaire showed that MC had the lowest satisfaction with mean score of 2.18 ± 0.97 for overall impression and 2.15 ± 1.04 for facial parts, compared to MM and MI, with mean score of 1.80 ± 0.97 and 1.64 ± 0.74 respectively for overall impression; 1.75 ± 0.95 and 1.70 ± 0.83 respectively for facial parts.


IN CONCLUSION
1) Only 17.1% of Malaysian facial proportion conformed to the golden ratio, with majority of the population having short face (54.5%); 2) Facial index did not depend significantly on races; 3) Significant sexual dimorphism was shown among Malaysian Chinese; 4) All three races are generally satisfied with their own facial appearance; 5) No significant association was found between golden ratio and facial evaluation score among Malaysian population.
Characterization of laminar jet impingement cooling in portable computer application

A thermal characterization study of laminar air jet impingement cooling of electronic components within a geometry representative of the CPU compartment of a typical portable computer is reported. A finite control volume technique was used to solve for the velocity and temperature fields. Convection, conduction and radiation effects were included in the simulations. The range of jet Reynolds numbers considered was 63 to 1500; the applied compartment heat load ranged from 5W-15W. Radiation effects were significant over the range of Reynolds numbers and heat loads considered, while the effect of natural convection was only noticeable for configurations when the ratio Gr/Re exceeded 5. The predicted importance of Re rather than jet size was confirmed with test data. Proof of concept was demonstrated with a numerical model representative of a full laptop computer. Both simulations and lab tests showed that low flow rate JI cooling schemes can provide cooling comparable to a high volume flow rate configuration, while using only a fraction of the air flow. Further, under the conservative assumption of steady state, fully powered components, a hybrid cooling scheme utilizing a heat pipe and laminar JI was capable of cooling the processor chip within to 11C of the vendor specified maximum temperature for a system with a total power dissipation of over 21 W. Index Terms – jet impingement, laminar flow, portable computers, heat pipe NOMENCLATURE Dh Jet hydraulic diameter (m) Gr Grashof number (gβ∆TL/ν) H Compartment Height (m) h Heat transfer coefficient (W/mK) k Thermal conductivity (W/mK) L Characteristic length (m) Nu Nusselt number (q”L/∆Tk) P Power dissipation (W) p Pressure (Pa) Pr Fluid Prandtl number Q Heat flow (W) q” Heat flux (W/m) Re Reynolds number (VDh/ν) T Temperature (C) u Velocity in the x direction (m/s) V Average jet velocity (m/s) v Velocity in the y direction (m/s) w Velocity in the z direction (m/s) W Jet width (m) α Thermal diffusivity (m/s) β Coefficient of volume expansion (1/K) ν Kinematic viscosity (m/s) θ Thermal resistance (C/W)
Survival After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Weekends in Comparison With Weekdays.

BACKGROUND
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) requires urgent decision-making and high-quality skills, which may not be uniformly available throughout the week. Few data exist on the outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest who receive in-hospital ECPR on the weekday versus weekend. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcome differed when patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest received ECPR during the weekend compared with a weekday.


METHODS
Two hundred patients underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after in-hospital cardiac arrest between January 2004 and December 2013. Patients treated between 0800 on Monday to 1759 on Friday were considered to receive weekday care and patients treated between 1800 on Friday through 0759 on Monday were considered to receive weekend care.


RESULTS
A total of 135 cases of ECPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest occurred during the weekday (64 during daytime hours and 71 during nighttime hours), and 65 cases occurred during the weekend (39 during daytime/evening hours and 26 during nighttime hours). Rates of survival to discharge were higher with weekday care than with weekend care (35.8% versus 21.5%, p = 0.041). Cannulation failure was more frequent in the weekend group (1.5% versus 7.7%, p = 0.038). Complication rates were higher on the weekend than on the weekday, including cannulation site bleeding (3.0% versus 10.8%, p = 0.041), limb ischemia (5.9% versus 15.6%, p = 0.026), and procedure-related infections (0.7% versus 9.2%, p = 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
ECPR on the weekend was associated with a lower survival rate and lower resuscitation quality, including higher cannulation failure and higher complication rate.
Type II diabetes mellitus and menopause: a multinational study.

BACKGROUND
Type II diabetes mellitus causes metabolic changes that may lead to early menopause and worsen climacteric symptoms.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the risk factors for type II diabetes mellitus and assess the impact of this disease on the age of menopause and on climacteric symptoms.


METHODS
A total of 6079 women aged between 40 and 59 years from 11 Latin American countries were requested to answer the Menopause Rating Scale and Goldberg Anxiety-Depression Scale.


RESULTS
The prevalence of diabetes was 6.7%. Diabetes mellitus was associated with arterial hypertension (odds ratio (OR) 4.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.47-5.31), the use of psychotropic drugs (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.22-1.94), hormonal therapy (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.11-1.92), ≥ 50 years of age (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.17-1.86), overweight or obese (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.15-1.89), and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06-1.65). Factors associated with lower risk of diabetes were the use of hormonal contraceptives (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.35-0.87), alcohol (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.54-0.98) and living in cities > 2500 meters above sea level (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53-0.91) or with high temperatures (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51-0.88). In turn, diabetes tripled the risk of menopause in women under 45 years of age. Diabetes did not increase the risk of deterioration of quality of life due to climacteric symptoms.


CONCLUSION
Menopause does not increase the risk of type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is associated with early menopause in women under 45 years of age.
German Werkkunstschules and the Establishment of Industrial Design Education in Turkey

Introduction Istanbul has been the pioneering city for product design instruction since the inception of this academic field in Turkey. The current umbrella organization, under which industrial design instruction is governed, is the State Academy of Fine Arts. In 1972, a separate division at the Academy (the “Interior Architecture and Industrial Design” division) was formed to specifically address instruction in industrial design at higher schools and universities nationwide. The precursor and inspiration for this division was the State School of Applied Fine Arts, an industrial product design school which opened in 1957. Originally a three-year school, in 1962, the State School of Applied Fine Arts became a four-year institution and its name was changed to the Istanbul State School of Applied Fine Arts. Following the example of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, a private school for the applied arts which opened in 1968, but was taken over by the State Academy shortly thereafter (during the period in which private universities were banned in Turkey). This second applied arts school was renamed the School of Applied Industrial Arts, and included a department of industrial design until the 1980s. While the establishment of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, which forms the core of this article,1 was still in progress, the rapid developments seen in the State Academy of Fine Arts were realized thanks to the personal efforts of Önder Küçükerman, who, at the time, was head of the Interior Architecture Department. At the same time, researchers in the field considered the State School of Applied Fine Arts to be the pioneering school for industrial design training in Turkey. H. Alpay Er has observed: It can be claimed that training for industrial product design in Turkey stemmed from two main roots. One of them is the two important art schools in Istanbul: the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts and the State School of Applied Fine Arts. Although not much was written about the latter school, relatively more resources are available to study the foundation of instruction at the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts. The Istanbul root that developed from the 1 The subject of this article first was presented as “An Overview of the State Academy of Applied Arts and the Influence of German Werkkunstschules during the Establishment and Development Period of Industrial Product Design in Turkey” at “Mind the Map, Third International Conference on Design History & Design Studies” (Istanbul, July 2002, organized by the Istanbul Technical University in cooperation with the Kent Institute of Art and Design).
Reliability and validity in a nutshell.

AIMS
To explore and explain the different concepts of reliability and validity as they are related to measurement instruments in social science and health care.


BACKGROUND
There are different concepts contained in the terms reliability and validity and these are often explained poorly and there is often confusion between them.


DESIGN
To develop some clarity about reliability and validity a conceptual framework was built based on the existing literature.


RESULTS
The concepts of reliability, validity and utility are explored and explained.


CONCLUSIONS
Reliability contains the concepts of internal consistency and stability and equivalence. Validity contains the concepts of content, face, criterion, concurrent, predictive, construct, convergent (and divergent), factorial and discriminant. In addition, for clinical practice and research, it is essential to establish the utility of a measurement instrument.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
To use measurement instruments appropriately in clinical practice, the extent to which they are reliable, valid and usable must be established.
Dots and Incipients: Extended Features for Partial Fingerprint Matching

There are fundamental differences in the way fingerprints are compared by forensic examiners and current automatic systems. For example, while automatic systems focus mainly on the quantitative measures of fingerprint minutiae (ridge ending and bifurcation points), forensic examiners often analyze details of intrinsic ridge characteristics and relational information. This process, known as qualitative friction ridge analysis [1], includes examination of ridge shape, pores, dots, incipient ridges, etc. This explains the challenges that current automatic systems face in processing partial fingerprints, mostly seen in latents. The forensics and automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) communities have been active in standardizing the definition of extended feature set, as well as quantifying the relevance and reliability of these features for automatic matching systems. CDEFFS (committee to define an extended feature set) has proposed a working draft on possible definitions and representations of extended features [2]. However, benefits of utilizing these extended features in automatic systems are not yet known. While fingerprint matching technology is quite mature for matching tenprints [3], matching partial fingerprints, especially latents, still needs a lot of improvement. We propose an algorithm to extract two major level 3 feature types, dots and incipients, based on local phase symmetry and demonstrate their effectiveness in partial print matching. Since dots and incipients can be easily encoded by forensic examiners, we believe the results of this research will have benefits to next generation identification (NGI) systems.