LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
BHPMF – a hierarchical Bayesian approach to gap-filling and trait prediction for macroecology and functional biogeography

Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA, Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, USA, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV – CONICET) and Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN, UK, Center for Biodiversity Management, Yungaburra 4884, Queensland, Australia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France, Laboratoire ESE, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079 CNRS, UOS, AgroParisTech, 91405 Orsay, France, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia ABSTRACT
Learning to Parse Natural Language Commands to a Robot Control System

As robots become more ubiquitous and capable of performing complex tasks, the importance of enabling untrained users to interact with them has increased. In response, unconstrained natural-language interaction with robots has emerged as a significant research area. We discuss the problem of parsing natural language commands to actions and control structures that can be readily implemented in a robot execution system. Our approach learns a parser based on example pairs of English commands and corresponding control language expressions. We evaluate this approach in the context of following route instructions through an indoor environment, and demonstrate that our system can learn to translate English commands into sequences of desired actions, while correctly capturing the semantic intent of statements involving complex control structures. The procedural nature of our formal representation allows a robot to interpret route instructions online while moving through a previously unknown environment. 1 Motivation and Problem Statement In this paper, we discuss our work on grounding natural language–interpreting human language into semantically informed structures in the context of robotic perception and actuation. To this end, we explore the question of interpreting natural language commands so they can be executed by a robot, specifically in the context of following route instructions through a map. Natural language (NL) is a rich, intuitive mechanism by which humans can interact with systems around them, offering sufficient signal to support robot task planning. Human route instructions include complex language constructs, which robots must be able to execute without being given a fully specified world model such as a map. Our goal is to investigate whether it is possible to learn a parser that produces · All authors are affiliated with the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. · Email: {cynthia,eherbst,lsz,fox}@cs.washington.edu
Constitutive CD8 expression allows inefficient maturation of CD4+ helper T cells in class II major histocompatibility complex mutant mice

Although mature CD4+ T cells bear T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and mature CD8+ T cells bear TCRs that recognize class I MHC, it is possible that the initial commitment of an immature thymocyte to a CD4 or CD8 lineage is made without regard to the specificity of the TCR. According to this model, CD4+ cells with class I TCR do not mature because the CD8 coreceptor is required for class I MHC recognition and positive selection. If this model is correct, constitutive expression of CD8 should allow CD4+ T cells with class I-specific TCRs to develop. In this report, we show that mature peripheral CD4+ cells are present in class II MHC-deficient mice that express a constitutive CD8.1 transgene. These cells share a number of properties with the major class II MHC-selected CD4 population, including the ability to express CD40 ligand upon activation. Although mature CD4 cells are also detectable in the thymus of class II MHC mutant/CD8.1 transgenic mice, they represent a small fraction of the mature CD4 cells found in mice that express class II MHC. These results indicate that some T cells choose the CD4 helper lineage independent of their antigen receptor specificity; however, the inefficiency of generating class I-specific CD4 cells leaves open the possibility that an instructive signal generated upon MHC recognition may bias lineage commitment.
Identifying Product Defects from User Complaints: A Probabilistic Defect Model

The recent surge in using social media has created a massive amount of unstructured textual complaints about products and services. However, discovering and quantifying potential product defects from large amounts of unstructured text is a nontrivial task. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic defect model (PDM) that identifies the most critical product issues and corresponding product attributes, simultaneously. We facilitate domain-oriented key attributes (e.g., product model, year of production, defective components, symptoms, etc.) of a product to identify and acquire integral information of defect. We conduct comprehensive evaluations including quantitative evaluations and qualitative evaluations to ensure the quality of discovered information. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms existing unsupervised method (K-Means Clustering), and could find more valuable information. Our research has significant managerial implications for mangers, manufacturers, and policy makers. [Category: Data and Text Mining]
Medical waste management - A review.

This paper examines medical waste management, including the common sources, governing legislation and handling and disposal methods. Many developed nations have medical waste legislation, however there is generally little guidance as to which objects can be defined as infectious. This lack of clarity has made sorting medical waste inefficient, thereby increasing the volume of waste treated for pathogens, which is commonly done by incineration. This review highlights that the unnecessary classification of waste as infectious results in higher disposal costs and an increase in undesirable environmental impacts. The review concludes that better education of healthcare workers and standardized sorting of medical waste streams are key avenues for efficient waste management at healthcare facilities, and that further research is required given the trend in increased medical waste production with increasing global GDP.
Leadership Competencies : Are we all saying the same thing ?

In the course of developing an Army leadership competency framework focused on the Future Force (up to year 2025), the authors examined several existing U.S. military and civilian leadership competency frameworks. We attempt to link the core constructs across the frameworks and identify similarities and differences in terms of their content and structures. We conclude that leadership competency modeling is an inexact science and that many frameworks present competencies that mix functions and characteristics, have structural inconsistencies, and may be confusing to potential end users. Recommendations are provided to improve the methods and outcomes of leadership modeling for the future.
Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress

BACKGROUND
Given that the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression is high, with estimates around 13%, and the consequences serious, efforts have been made to identify risk factors to assist in prevention, identification and treatment. Most risk factors associated with postnatal depression have been well researched, whereas predictors of antenatal depression have been less researched. Risk factors associated with early parenting stress have not been widely researched, despite the strong link with depression. The aim of this study was to further elucidate which of some previously identified risk factors are most predictive of three outcome measures: antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress and to examine the relationship between them.


METHODS
Primipara and multiparae women were recruited antenatally from two major hoitals as part of the beyondblue National Postnatal Depression Program 1. In this subsidiary study, 367 women completed an additional large battery of validated questionnaires to identify risk factors in the antenatal period at 26-32 weeks gestation. A subsample of these women (N = 161) also completed questionnaires at 10-12 weeks postnatally. Depression level was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).


RESULTS
Regression analyses identified significant risk factors for the three outcome measures. (1). Significant predictors for antenatal depression: low self-esteem, antenatal anxiety, low social support, negative cognitive style, major life events, low income and history of abuse. (2). Significant predictors for postnatal depression: antenatal depression and a history of depression while also controlling for concurrent parenting stress, which was a significant variable. Antenatal depression was identified as a mediator between seven of the risk factors and postnatal depression. (3). Postnatal depression was the only significant predictor for parenting stress and also acted as a mediator for other risk factors.


CONCLUSION
Risk factor profiles for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress differ but are interrelated. Antenatal depression was the strongest predictor of postnatal depression, and in turn postnatal depression was the strongest predictor for parenting stress. These results provide clinical direction suggesting that early identification and treatment of perinatal depression is important.
Intrusion detection in wireless ad-hoc networks

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted , or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Intrusion detection in wireless ad-hoc networks / editors, Nabendu Chaki and Rituparna Chaki. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents Preface ix a b o u t t h e e d i t o r s xi c o n t r i b u t o r s xiii chaP t e r 1 intro d u c t i o n 1 Nova ru N De b , M a N a l i CH a k r a bor T y, a N D N a beN Du CH a k i chaP t e r 2 a r c h i t e c t u r e a n d o r g a n i z at i o n is s u e s 43 M a N a l i CH a k r a bor T y, Nova ru N De b , De bDu T Ta ba r M a N roy, a N D r i T u pa r N a CH a k i chaP t e r 3 routin g f o r …
Using multi-sensor data fusion for vibration fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings by accelerometer and load cell

This paper presents a new method for bearing fault diagnosis using the fusion of two primary sensors: an accelerometer and a load cell. A novel condition-based monitoring (CBM) system consisting of six modules: sensing, signal processing, feature extraction, classification, high-level fusion and decision making module has been proposed. To obtain acceleration and load signals, a work bench has been used. In the next stage, signal indices for each signal in both time and frequency domains have been calculated. After calculation of signal indices, principal component analysis is employed for redundancy reduction. Two principal features have been extracted from load and acceleration indices. In the fourth module, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier has been used in order to identify the condition of the ball bearing based on vibration signal and load signal. In the fifth module, a high-level sensor fusion is used to derive information that would not be available from single sensor. Based on situation assessment carried out during the training process of classifier, a relationship between bearing condition and sensor performance has been found. Finally, a logical program has been used to decide about the condition of the ball bearing. The test results demonstrate that the load cell is powerful to detect the healthy ball bearings from the defected ones, and the accelerometer is useful to detect the location of fault. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this method. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Need ful fi llment and experiences on social media : A case on Facebook and

With an increasing inflow and outflow of users from social media, understanding the factors the drive their adoption becomes even more pressing. This paper reports on a study with 494 users of Facebook and WhatsApp. Different from traditional uses & gratifications studies that probe into typical uses of social media, we sampled users' single recent, outstanding (either satisfying or unsatisfying) experiences, based on a contemporary theoretical and methodological framework of 10 universal human needs. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses, we found WhatsApp to unlock new opportunities for intimate communications, Facebook to be characterized by primarily non-social uses, and both media to be powerful lifelogging tools. Unsatisfying experiences were primarily rooted in the tools' breach of offline social norms, as well in content fatigue and exposure to undesirable content in the case of Facebook. We discuss the implications of the findings for the design of social media. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Naming Abilities in Early-Stroke Aphasic Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Functional brain imaging studies with aphasia patients have shown increased cortical activation in the right hemisphere language homologues, which hypothetically may represent a maladaptive strategy that interferes with aphasia recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the Broca's homologues in combination with speech/language therapy improves naming in early-stroke aphasia patients.


METHODS
26 right-handed aphasic patients in the early stage (up to 12 weeks) of a first-ever left hemisphere ischemic stroke were randomized to receive speech and language therapy combined with real or sham rTMS. Prior to each 45-minute therapeutic session (15 sessions, 5 days a week), 30 minutes of 1-Hz rTMS was applied. Outcome measures were obtained at baseline, immediately after 3 weeks of experimental treatment and 15 weeks; posttreatment using the Computerized Picture Naming Test.


RESULTS
Although both groups significantly improved their naming abilities after treatment, no significant differences were noted between the rTMS and sham stimulation groups. The additional analyses have revealed that the rTMS subgroup with a lesion including the anterior part of language area showed greater improvement primarily in naming reaction time 15 weeks after completion of the therapeutic treatment. Improvement was also demonstrated in functional communication abilities.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhibitory rTMS of the unaffected right inferior frontal gyrus area in combination with speech and language therapy cannot be assumed as an effective method for all poststroke aphasia patients. The treatment seems to be beneficial for patients with frontal language area damage, mostly in the distant time after finishing rTMS procedure.
Automatic Colorization with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks

We attempt to use DCGANs (deep convolutional generative adversarial nets) to tackle the automatic colorization of black and white photos to combat the tendency for vanilla neural nets to ”average out” the results. We construct a small feed-forward convolutional neural network as a baseline colorization system. We train the baseline model on the CIFAR-10 dataset with a per-pixel Euclidean loss function on the chrominance values and achieve sensible but mediocre results. We propose using the adversarial framework as proposed by Goodfellow et al. [5] as an alternative to the loss function—we reformulate the baseline model as a generator model that maps grayscale images and random noise input to the color image space, and construct a discriminator model that is trained to predict the probability that a given colorization was sampled from data distribution rather than generated by the generator model, conditioned on the grayscale image. We analyze the challenges that stand in the way of training adversarial networks, and suggest future steps to test the viability of the model.
Clinical review: Ectopic cervical thyroid carcinoma--review of the literature with illustrative case series.

CONTEXT
More than 99% of thyroid cancers arise eutopically within the thyroid gland. The most frequent sites of ectopic thyroid tissue are lingual, sublingual, thyroglossal, laryngotracheal, and lateral cervical. Thyroid tissue can also be found in remote structures that were associated with the thyroid anlage during development, including the esophagus, mediastinum, heart, aorta, adrenal, pancreas, gallbladder, and skin. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be subject to the same pathological processes as normal eutopic thyroid tissue such as inflammation, hyperplasia, and tumorigenesis. The aim of this review is to describe aspects of thyroid cancer arising from the ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck in regard to epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment and to present an illustrative series of cases of ectopic thyroid cancer.


DATA ACQUISITION
We have searched the PubMed database for articles including the keywords "ectopic thyroid cancer" published between January 1, 1960, and January 1, 2011. As references, we used clinical case series, case reports, review articles, and practical guidelines focused on ectopic thyroid cancer confined to the neck region.


SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS
The possibility of an ectopic thyroid cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pathological mass in the neck. Treatment of ectopic cervical thyroid cancer is based predominantly on the surgical excision of the malignant lesion. Management strategies, including performance of total thyroidectomy, neck dissection, and treatment with radioiodine, should be based on individualized risk stratification.
A phase II study of sequential 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) and paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer (Protocol PV BC 97/01)

Sequential administration of the association of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) and paclitaxel could be better tolerated than the association of an anthracycline and paclitaxel while having a similar antitumour effect. 69 patients with advanced breast cancer previously untreated with anthracyclines or paclitaxel entered a phase II multicentre study in which FEC was followed by paclitaxel. Both regimens were administered 4 times every 21 days. The median follow-up is 20 months and 38/69 patients have died. Grade III–IV toxicity was acceptable. Leukopenia occurred in 26% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 2% and anaemia in 4%. One patient had reversible heart failure during FEC therapy. Peripheral neuropathy and arthralgia-myalgia occurred in 9% and 4% of patients, respectively and one patient had respiratory hypersensitivity during paclitaxel treatment. 9 patients did not complete therapy because of: treatment refusal (n= 1), cardiac toxicity (n= 1), early death during FEC chemotherapy (n= 1), major protocol violations (n= 4), hypersensitivity reaction (n= 1) and early death during paclitaxel chemotherapy (n= 1). The overall response rate was 65% (95% CI = 53–76), and 7% of patients had stable disease. Therapy was defined as having failed in 28% of patients because they were not evaluable (13%) or had progressive disease (15%). The median time to progression and survival are 13.2 and 23.5 months, respectively. Sequential FEC-paclitaxel is a suitable strategy for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have not been previously treated with anthracyclines and/or taxanes. In fact, it avoids major haematologic toxicity and has a good antitumour effect. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.com
Cardiovascular events and intensity of treatment in polycythemia vera.

BACKGROUND
Current treatment recommendations for patients with polycythemia vera call for maintaining a hematocrit of less than 45%, but this therapeutic strategy has not been tested in a randomized clinical trial.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 365 adults with JAK2-positive polycythemia vera who were being treated with phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, or both to receive either more intensive treatment (target hematocrit, <45%) (low-hematocrit group) or less intensive treatment (target hematocrit, 45 to 50%) (high-hematocrit group). The primary composite end point was the time until death from cardiovascular causes or major thrombotic events. The secondary end points were cardiovascular events, cardiovascular hospitalizations, incidence of cancer, progression to myelofibrosis, myelodysplasia or leukemic transformation, and hemorrhage. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed.


RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 31 months, the primary end point was recorded in 5 of 182 patients in the low-hematocrit group (2.7%) and 18 of 183 patients in the high-hematocrit group (9.8%) (hazard ratio in the high-hematocrit group, 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 10.53; P=0.007). The primary end point plus superficial-vein thrombosis occurred in 4.4% of patients in the low-hematocrit group, as compared with 10.9% in the high-hematocrit group (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.19 to 6.12; P=0.02). Progression to myelofibrosis, myelodysplasia or leukemic transformation, and bleeding were observed in 6, 2, and 2 patients, respectively, in the low-hematocrit group, as compared with 2, 1, and 5 patients, respectively, in the high-hematocrit group. There was no significant between-group difference in the rate of adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with polycythemia vera, those with a hematocrit target of less than 45% had a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular death and major thrombosis than did those with a hematocrit target of 45 to 50%. (Funded by the Italian Medicines Agency and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01645124, and EudraCT number, 2007-006694-91.).