LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Marketing in Cyberspace : What Factors Drive E-Commerce Adoption ?

Hong Kong Baptist Universitya Hong Kong Polytechnic Universityb What factors affect the adoption of e-commerce among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? In this study, e-commerce adopters are classified according to White et al.’s (1998) labels, namely traditionalist, straddler, and innovator. Interview data collected from 84 firms are used to illustrate a hypothesis-testing methodology linking various decision-maker, innovation, and environmental characteristics with the propensity to adopt online marketing.
The BIAS map: behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes.

In the present research, consisting of 2 correlational studies (N = 616) including a representative U.S. sample and 2 experiments (N = 350), the authors investigated how stereotypes and emotions shape behavioral tendencies toward groups, offering convergent support for the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes (BIAS) map framework. Warmth stereotypes determine active behavioral tendencies, attenuating active harm (harassing) and eliciting active facilitation (helping). Competence stereotypes determine passive behavioral tendencies, attenuating passive harm (neglecting) and eliciting passive facilitation (associating). Admired groups (warm, competent) elicit both facilitation tendencies; hated groups (cold, incompetent) elicit both harm tendencies. Envied groups (competent, cold) elicit passive facilitation but active harm; pitied groups (warm, incompetent) elicit active facilitation but passive harm. Emotions predict behavioral tendencies more strongly than stereotypes do and usually mediate stereotype-to-behavioral-tendency links.
Relationships between tinnitus and the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Quantify the relationships between tinnitus, and anxiety and depression among adults.


STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional analysis of a national health survey.


METHODS
Adult respondents in the 2007 Integrated Health Interview Series tinnitus module were analyzed. Data for tinnitus symptoms and severity and reported anxiety and depression symptoms were extracted. Associations between tinnitus problems and anxiety, depression, lost workdays, days of alcohol consumption, and mean hours of sleep were assessed.


RESULTS
Among 21.4 ± 0.69 million adult tinnitus sufferers, 26.1% reported problems with anxiety in the preceding 12 months, whereas only 9.2% of those without tinnitus reported an anxiety problem (P < .001). Similarly, 25.6% of respondents with tinnitus reported problems with depression, whereas only 9.1% of those without tinnitus reported depression symptoms (P < .001). Those reporting tinnitus symptoms as a "big" or "very big" problem were more likely to concurrently report anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 5.7; 95% CI: 4.0-8.1; P < .001) and depression (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 3.5-6.7; P < .001) symptoms. Tinnitus sufferers reported significantly fewer mean hours of sleep per night (7.00 vs. 7.21; P < .001) and greater mean days of work missed (6.94 vs. 3.79, P < .001) compared to those who did not report tinnitus. Mean days of alcohol consumption between the two groups were not significantly different.


CONCLUSIONS
Tinnitus symptoms are closely associated with anxiety, depression, shorter sleep duration, and greater workdays missed. These comorbidities and sequelae should be recognized and addressed to optimally manage patients with chronic and bothersome tinnitus.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:466-469, 2017.
The first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs affect ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

OBJECTIVE
Blood platelets play an important role in haemostasis and their hyperaggregability may lead to thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Increased incidence of mortality, caused by cardiovascular disease, and the increased risk of thrombotic complication in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotics have been reported. The effects of antipsychotic drugs on blood platelet function are not fully explained, therefore the purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of the second-generation antipsychotic drugs used in schizophrenia (clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine), with the effects of the first generation antipsychotic, haloperidol, on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro.


METHODS
Blood obtained from healthy volunteers (n=25) collected into sodium citrate was centrifuged (250xg, 10 min) at room temperature to obtain platelet-rich plasma. Aggregation of blood platelets (10 microM ADP) was recorded (Chrono-log aggregometer) in platelet-rich plasma preincubated with antipsychotic drugs (final concentration: clozapine 420 ng/ml, risperidone 65 ng/ml, olanzapine 40 ng/ml, haloperidol 20 ng/ml) for 30 min.


RESULTS
Our results showed that all tested drugs inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. Among studied antipsychotic drugs clozapine and olanzapine significantly reduced platelet aggregability in vitro. In comparison with control platelets (without the drug), clozapine inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 21% (P=3.7x10(-6)) and olanzapine by 18% (P=2.8x10(-4)), respectively.


CONCLUSION
The obtained results indicate that antipsychotic drugs, especially clozapine and olanzapine, contrary to haloperidol, reduced response of blood platelets to ADP measured as platelet aggregation. This suggests that therapy with such antipsychotics, particularly with second-generation antipsychotics, may partly reduce prothrombotic events associated with the increased platelet activation observed in schizophrenic patients. The mechanism of antiaggregatory influence of antipsychotics requires further studies.
A Paradox from Randomization-Based Causal Inference

Under the potential outcomes framework, causal effects are defined as comparisons between potential outcomes under treatment and control. To infer causal effects from randomized experiments, Neyman proposed to test the null hypothesis of zero average causal effect (Neyman’s null), and Fisher proposed to test the null hypothesis of zero individual causal effect (Fisher’s null). Although the subtle difference between Neyman’s null and Fisher’s null has caused lots of controversies and confusions for both theoretical and practical statisticians, a careful comparison between the two approaches has been lacking in the literature for more than eighty years. We fill in this historical gap by making a theoretical comparison between them and highlighting an intriguing paradox that has not been recognized by previous researchers. Logically, Fisher’s null implies Neyman’s null. It is therefore surprising that, in actual completely randomized experiments, rejection of Neyman’s null does not imply rejection of Fisher’s null for many realistic situations, including the case with constant causal effect. Furthermore, we show that this paradox also exists in other commonly-used experiments, such as stratified experiments, matched-pair experiments, and factorial experiments. Asymptotic analyses, numerical examples, and real data examples all support this surprising phenomenon. Besides its historical and theoretical importance, this paradox also leads to useful practical implications for modern researchers.
The Small and Silent Force Multiplier: A Swarm UAV - Electronic Attack

At the last two decades, according to UAVs concepts and technological advances, there have been lots of unimagined improvements. Nowadays there are serious works and researches about the usage of UAVs in military operations at electronic warfare (EW) missions. But most of the work on UAV platforms is based upon the advantages of a single, big, expensive, and nonexpendable platform. In this study, to get rid off the disadvantages of a stand alone platform a new concept is developed consisting of multiple UAVs with smaller dimensions, at a cheaper price and a wider coverage. According to clarify the study, firstly the EW and RADAR systems and then the swarm UAV concepts are explained. In this manner the current and previous works are pointed out and then the use of the swarm UAVs for P. Cevik (B) · I. Kocaman · A. S. Akgul · B. Akca Turkish Air War College, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: polat_cevik@yahoo.com I. Kocaman e-mail: kocamanibrahim@hotmail.com A. S. Akgul e-mail: aakgul3108@gmail.com B. Akca e-mail: barbarosakca1911@gmail.com EA in military operations is stated. Objectively, the swarm UAV concept’s advantages and some outstanding challenges to the intra-theater space have been put forward regarding the information mentioned above. As a result it is considered that the swarm UAV systems will be tasked important EW missions in the future operation theatres, as soon as the technical handicaps are solved.
Testimony method to ameliorate post-traumatic stress symptoms. Community-based intervention study with Mozambican civil war survivors.

BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of the testimony method has not been established in rural communities with survivors of prolonged civil war.


AIMS
To examine the effectiveness and feasibility of a testimony method to ameliorate post-traumatic stress symptoms.


METHOD
Participants (n=206) belonged to former war zones in Mozambique. They were divided into a case (n=137) and a non-case group (n=69). The case group was randomly divided into an intervention (n=66) and a control group (n=71). Symptoms were measured during baseline assessment, post-intervention and at an 11-month follow-up.


RESULTS
Post-intervention measurements demonstrated significant symptom reduction in both the intervention and the control group. No significant differences were found between the intervention and the control group. Follow-up measurements showed sustained lower levels of symptoms in both groups, and some indications of a positive intervention effect in women.


CONCLUSIONS
A remarkable drop in symptoms could not be linked directly to the intervention. Feasibility of the intervention was good, but controlling the intervention in a small rural community appeared to be a difficult task to accomplish.
Static analysis approaches to detect SQL injection and cross site scripting vulnerabilities in web applications: A survey

Dependence on web applications is increasing very rapidly in recent time for social communications, health problem, financial transaction and many other purposes. Unfortunately, presence of security weaknesses in web applications allows malicious user's to exploit various security vulnerabilities and become the reason of their failure. Currently, SQL Injection (SQLI) and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities are most dangerous security vulnerabilities exploited in various popular web applications i.e. eBay, Google, Facebook, Twitter etc. Research on defensive programming, vulnerability detection and attack prevention techniques has been quite intensive in the past decade. Defensive programming is a set of coding guidelines to develop secure applications. But, mostly developers do not follow security guidelines and repeat same type of programming mistakes in their code. Attack prevention techniques protect the applications from attack during their execution in actual environment. The difficulties associated with accurate detection of SQLI and XSS vulnerabilities in coding phase of software development life cycle. This paper proposes a classification of software security approaches used to develop secure software in various phase of software development life cycle. It also presents a survey of static analysis based approaches to detect SQL Injection and cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in source code of web applications. The aim of these approaches is to identify the weaknesses in source code before their exploitation in actual environment. This paper would help researchers to note down future direction for securing legacy web applications in early phases of software development life cycle.
A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

The Stern Review calls for immediate decisive action to stabilize greenhouse gases because “the benefits of strong, early action on climate change outweighs the costs.” The economic analysis supporting this conclusion consists mostly of two basic strands. The first strand is a formal aggregative model that relies for its conclusions primarily upon imposing a very low discount rate. Concerning this discount-rate aspect, I am skeptical of the Review’s formal analysis, but this essay points out that we are actually a lot less sure about what interest rate should be used for discounting climate change than is commonly acknowledged. The Review’s second basic strand is a more intuitive argument that it might be very important to avoid possibly large uncertainties that are difficult to quantify. Concerning this uncertainty aspect, I argue that it might be recast into sound analytical reasoning that might justify some of the Review’s conclusions. The basic issue here is that spending money to slow global warming should perhaps not be conceptualized primarily as being about consumption smoothing as much as being about how much insurance to buy to offset the small change of a ruinous catastrophe that is difficult to compensate by ordinary savings.
mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare.

The rapid growth in the use of smartphones has opened a new world of opportunities for use in behavioral health care. Mobile phone software applications (apps) are available for a variety of useful tasks to include symptom assessment, psychoeducation, resource location, and tracking of treatment progress. The latest two-way communication functionality of smartphones also brings new capabilities for telemental health. There is very little information available, however, regarding the integration of smartphone and other mobile technology into care. In this paper, we provide an overview of smartphone use in behavioral health care and discuss options for integrating mobile technology into clinical practice. We also discuss limitations, practical issues, and recommendations.
Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: risks and relation to cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and characterise the risk of bladder cancer, and its relation to cyclophosphamide, in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.


METHODS
In the population based, nationwide Swedish Inpatient Register a cohort of 1065 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, 1969-95, was identified. Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register, all subjects in this cohort diagnosed with bladder cancer were identified. Nested within the cohort, a matched case-control study was performed to estimate the association between cyclophosphamide and bladder cancer using odds ratios (ORs) as relative risk. In the cohort the cumulative risk of bladder cancer after Wegener's granulomatosis, and the relative prevalence of a history of bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis, were also estimated.


RESULTS
The median cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide among cases (n = 11) and controls (n = 25) were 113 g and 25 g, respectively. The risk of bladder cancer doubled for every 10 g increment in cyclophosphamide (OR = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 4.9). Treatment duration longer than 1 year was associated with an eightfold increased risk (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 0.9 to 69). The absolute risk for bladder cancer in the cohort reached 10% 16 years after diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis, and a history of bladder cancer was (non-significantly) twice as common as expected at the time of diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis.


CONCLUSION
The results indicate a dose-response relationship between cyclophosphamide and the risk of bladder cancer, high cumulative risks in the entire cohort, and also the possibility of risk factors operating even before Wegener's granulomatosis.
[The effects of a support group intervention on the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients].

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a support group intervention on the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients.


METHOD
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 36 primary family caregivers of stroke patients [experimental(N=18) and control(N=18) groups] in a neurosurgery ward of a university hospital. The experimental group members participated in six sessions of a support group intervention for two weeks and the degree of their caregiving burden was evaluated. Data was analyzed by Chi-square tests, t-tests, and paired t-tests using SPSS 10.0.


RESULT
The experimental group had a significantly lower total burden score (t=2.061, p= .047)and sub-scales of emotional(t=-3.319, p= .002), time-dependent(t=-2.045, p= .049) and developmental(t=-2.656, p= .012) burden scores than the control group, while no significant differences were found in physical, social or financial burden scores between the two groups. Within the experimental group, there was a significant decrease in physical(t=2.507, p= .023), emotional(t=4.754, p= .000), social(t=2.932, p= .009), time- dependent(t=5.015, p= .000) and developmental(t=7.541, p= .000) burden scores but not the financial burden score.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that a support group intervention can be utilized as an effective nursing program to reduce the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients.
Changes in metabolic toxicity after switching from stavudine/didanosine to tenofovir/lamivudine--a Staccato trial substudy.

OBJECTIVES
Stavudine is widely used in Thailand and is associated with mitochondrial toxicity. Here, we evaluated the effect of switching from stavudine/didanosine to tenofovir/lamivudine on measures of metabolic and mitochondrial toxicity in Thai patients.


METHODS
Thirty-five Thai patients with full HIV RNA suppression were switched from stavudine/didanosine to tenofovir/lamivudine while receiving saquinavir/ritonavir 1600/100 mg once daily. Patients were assessed at the time of switch and 24 and 48 weeks after for lipids, liver enzymes, lactate, mitochondrial DNA content and limb/total fat mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning.


RESULTS
Forty-eight weeks after the switch, there were significant reductions in lipids and lactate, but no change in liver enzymes. There was reversal of lipoatrophy, as shown by rises in limb fat mass (+0.38 kg, P = 0.006) and total fat mass (+0.69 kg, P = 0.02) on DEXA scan. Patients perceived weight improvement, but did not report reversal of lipoatrophy of individual body parts. The mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio rose (+1.06, P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
After the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor switch, reversal of mitochondrial toxicity was consistent with switch studies of mainly Caucasian patients, although the peripheral mononuclear cell mitochondrial DNA rise exceeded previous reports.
ON QUANTITATIVE MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY OF FEMALE BREAST

Microwave tomography deserves attention in biomedical imaging, owing to its potential capability of providing a morphological and functional assessment of the inspected tissues. However, such a goal requires the not trivial task of solving a non linear inverse scattering problem. In this paper, the factors affecting the complexity of the inverse problem are exploited to trace guidelines aimed at setting the matching fluid, the frequency range and the number of probes in such a way that the dielectric parameters of female breast tissues can be reliably retrieved. Examples, concerning 2D realistic numerical phantoms obtained by NMR images, are given to asses a posteriori the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines. Corresponding author: L. Crocco (crocco.l@irea.cnr.it). † Also with DIBET — Università degli Studi di Napol Federico II Via Claudio 21, Napoli
Disappearing private reputations in long-run relationships

For games of public reputation with uncertainty over types and imperfect public monitoring, Cripps, Mailath, and Samuelson (2004) showed that an informed player facing short-lived uninformed opponents cannot maintain a permanent reputation for playing a strategy that is not part of an equilibrium of the game without uncertainty over types. This paper extends that result to games in which the uninformed player is long-lived and has private beliefs, so that the informed player’s reputation is private. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abs (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
IN SITU STRESS, FRACTURE, AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN WELL 38C-9: AN ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM IN THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD

Geoscientists from the Coso Operating Company, EGI-Utah, GeoMechanics International, and the U.S. Geological Survey are cooperating in a multi-year study to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in the Coso Geothermal Field. Key to the creation of an EGS is an understanding of the relationship among natural fracture distribution, fluid flow, and the ambient tectonic stresses that exist within the resource in order to design a hydraulic and thermal stimulation of an east-flank injection well, the first step in the creation of a heat exchanger at depth. Well datasets from the east flank of the Coso Geothermal Field are being analyzed to develop an understanding of the relationships between natural fracture distribution, fluid flow, and the ambient tectonic stresses that exist within the resource. During the second year of this project, wellbore logs and stress data were acquired in a new production well drilled in the Coso Geothermal Field, 38C-9. The image analysis results include the discrimination of natural from drilling induced fractures in wellbore image data, natural fracture characterization, and wellbore failure analysis. A hydraulic fracturing stress test at 3,703 feet TVD was used to constrain a normal faulting and strike-slip faulting stress tensor for this reservoir. The shear and normal stresses resolved on the fracture and fault planes were calculated and used to identify the subset of critically stressed planes that act to maintain permeability within the Coso Geothermal Field.
Methodology for Development and Employment of Ontology Based Knowledge Management Applications

In this article we illustrate a methodology for introducing and maintaining ontology based knowledge management applications into enterprises with a focus on Knowledge Processes and Knowledge Meta Processes. While the former process circles around the usage of ontologies, the latter process guides their initial set up. We illustrate our methodology by an example from a case study on skills management.