LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Advances in prenatal screening for Down syndrome: II first trimester testing, integrated testing, and future directions.

BACKGROUND
The acceptability of prenatal screening and diagnosis of Down syndrome is dependent, in part, on the gestational age at which the testing is offered. First trimester screening could be advantageous if it has sufficient efficacy and can be effectively delivered.


ISSUES
Two first trimester maternal serum screening markers, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), are useful for identifying women at increased risk for fetal Down syndrome. In addition, measurement of an enlarged thickness of the subcutaneous fluid-filled space at the back of the neck of the developing fetus (referred to as nuchal translucency or NT) has been demonstrated to be an indicator for these high-risk pregnancies. When these three parameters are combined, estimates for Down syndrome efficacy exceed those currently attainable in the second trimester. Women who are screen-positive in the first trimester can elect to receive cytogenetic testing of a chorionic villus biopsy. The first trimester tests could also, theoretically, be combined with the second trimester maternal serum screening tests (integrated screening) to obtain even higher levels of efficacy. There are, however, several practical limitations to first trimester and integrated screening. These include scheduling of testing within relatively narrow gestational age intervals, availability of appropriately trained ultrasonographers for NT measurement, risks associated with chorionic villus biopsy, and costs. There is also increasing evidence that an enlarged NT measurement is indicative of a high risk for spontaneous abortion and for fetal abnormalities that are not detectable by cytogenetic analysis. Women whose fetuses show enlarged NT, therefore, need first trimester counseling regarding their Down syndrome risks and the possibility of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Follow-up ultrasound and fetal echocardiography in the second trimester are also indicated.


CONCLUSION
First trimester screening appears to be a highly effective method to screen for Down syndrome. Women with screen-positive results based on NT measurement appear to be at increased risk for diverse fetal abnormalities. The finding of a normal fetal karyotype may not, therefore, carry a high level of reassurance for a normal baby.
Screening for common mental disorders: who will benefit? Results from a randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Outcomes of studies on mental health screening in primary care are conflicting. A feasible and effective case-finding approach could benefit both GPs and their patients.


OBJECTIVES
(1) to examine the effect of using a composite screening questionnaire (SQ) on GPs' recognition and provision of care, and (2) to outline useful strategies for case-finding.


METHODS
38 GPs in Aarhus County, Denmark, volunteered to participate in this trial. 1785 consecutive patients aged 18-65 years consulting with new health problems were included. Patients were screened before consultation using an SQ including scales for somatisation, anxiety, depression and alcohol abuse. Patients were randomised into one of two groups: 900 questionnaires were disclosed to and scored by GPs, 885 were blinded. Number of diagnoses, subjects of conversation, and actions taken were analysed. Additional analyses aimed to identify GP and patient factors that could predict improved outcomes.


RESULTS
Overall, disclosure of SQ results increased GPs' recognition of mental disorders by 3.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.5% to 8.0%], and 6.6% (95% CI 1.2% to 12.0%) for patients screened positive. There was a marked variation in GPs' detection rates, and for GPs with moderate or low recognition rates increases were significant (P = 0.001). Conversation on psychological topics increased by 3.2% (95% CI -0.7% to 7.1%), and by 7.0% (95% CI 1.8% to 12.3%) for patients screened positive. Rates of planned follow-up consultations increased by 3.9% (95% CI 0.6% to 7.3%) and by 4.9% (95% CI 0.7% to 9.1%) for patients screened positive. GPs' self-reported benefit from screening was related to better outcomes. A range of patient and GP factors suggesting added value from using SQs were identified.


CONCLUSION
GPs' recognition and provision of mental health care can be influenced by the use of composite SQs. Perceived benefit from screening may serve as a useful predictor of better patient management. Pragmatic case-finding approaches need further evaluation.
Healing at implants installed concurrently to maxillary sinus floor elevation with Bio-Oss® or autologous bone grafts. A histo-morphometric study in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the healing at elevated sinus floors augmented either with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or autologous bone grafts and followed by immediate implant installation.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twelve albino New Zealand rabbits were used. Incisions were performed along the midline of the nasal dorsum. The nasal bone was exposed. A circular bony widow with a diameter of 3 mm was prepared bilaterally, and the sinus mucosa was detached. Autologous bone (AB) grafts were collected from the tibia. Similar amounts of AB or DBBM granules were placed below the sinus mucosa. An implant with a moderately rough surface was installed into the elevated sinus bilaterally. The animals were sacrificed after 7 (n = 6) or 40 days (n = 6).


RESULTS
The dimensions of the elevated sinus space at the DBBM sites were maintained, while at the AB sites, a loss of 2/3 was observed between 7 and 40 days of healing. The implants showed similar degrees of osseointegration after 7 (7.1 ± 1.7%; 9.9 ± 4.5%) and 40 days (37.8 ± 15%; 36.0 ± 11.4%) at the DBBM and AB sites, respectively. Similar amounts of newly formed mineralized bone were found in the elevated space after 7 days at the DBBM (7.8 ± 6.6%) and AB (7.2 ± 6.0%) sites while, after 40 days, a higher percentage of bone was found at AB (56.7 ± 8.8%) compared to DBBM (40.3 ± 7.5%) sites.


CONCLUSIONS
Both Bio-Oss® granules and autologous bone grafts contributed to the healing at implants installed immediately in elevated sinus sites in rabbits. Bio-Oss® maintained the dimensions, while autologous bone sites lost 2/3 of the volume between the two periods of observation.
Off-line recognition of realistic Chinese handwriting using segmentation-free strategy

Article history: Received 26 August 2007 Received in revised form 7 May 2008 Accepted 13 May 2008
Reference values of bone stiffness index and C-terminal telopeptide in healthy European children

Background/Objective:Quantitative ultrasound measurements and bone metabolic markers can help to monitor bone health and to detect impaired skeletal development. Population-based reference values for children may serve as a basis for preventive measures to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in later life. This is the first paper providing age-, sex- and height-specific reference values for bone stiffness index (SI) and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in healthy, apparently prepubertal children.Subjects/Methods:In the population-based IDEFICS baseline survey (2007–2008) and follow-up (2009–2010), 18 745 children from eight European countries were newly recruited. A total of 10 791 2–10.9-year-old and 1646 3–8.9-year-old healthy children provided data on SI of the right and left calcaneus and serum CTX, respectively. Furthermore, height and weight were measured. Percentile curves were calculated using the General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to model the distribution of SI and CTX depending on multiple covariates while accounting for dispersion, skewness, and the kurtosis of this distribution.Results:SI was negatively associated with age and height in children aged 2–5 years, whereas a positive association was observed in children aged 6–10 years. The dip in SI occurred at older age for higher SI percentiles and was observed earlier in taller children than in smaller children. The CTX reference curves showed a linear-positive association with age and height. No major sex differences were observed for the SI and CTX reference values.Conclusion:These reference data lay the ground to evaluate bone growth and metabolism in prepubertal children in epidemiological and clinical settings. They may also inform clinical practice to monitor skeletal development and to assess adverse drug reactions during medical treatments.
Mathematical model for evaluating incidence of acute rectal toxicity during conventional or hypofractionated radiotherapy courses for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE
To describe the radiation-induced acute rectal toxicity (ART) using a modified Lyman-Kutcher-Burman normal tissue complication probability model and parameters set, taking into account the overall treatment time.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 160 patients underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the prostate and seminal vesicles and were randomized to receive 80 Gy in 40 fractions within 8 weeks (Group A) or 62 Gy in 20 fractions within 5 weeks, 4 d/wk (Group B). An additional 52 patients (Group C) underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a hypofractionation schedule consisting of 56 Gy, delivered in 16 fractions (4/wk) of 3.5 Gy. Patients were followed for ART weekly during treatment. The overall treatment time, rectal dose-volume histograms, and ART status, defined as Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 2 or greater gastrointestinal toxicity, were used to determine the modified Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model parameters. The m and n values were obtained from the cohort, and the tolerance doses for 50% complication probability for uniform irradiation [TD(50)(1)(k)] were obtained for each fractionation schedule indicated with k.


RESULTS
Of 212 patients treated with localized prostate radiotherapy, 65 developed Grade for > or = 1 week during treatment. The m and n value was 0.17 and 0.08, respectively. The TD(50)(1)(k) parameter was 79, 62.5, and 53 Gy, respectively for Group A, B, and C.


CONCLUSION
The optimized modified Lyman-Kutcher-Burman normal tissue complication probability model allowed us to describe the ART data from conventional and hypofractionated regimens, using the dose-volume histograms and overall treatment time. This model could prove useful in designing hypofractionation schedules to reduce the incidence of ART.
What's in the black box of arthritis rehabilitation? A comparison of rehabilitation practice for patients with inflammatory arthritis in northern Europe.

BACKGROUND
In evaluating complex interventions, it is a challenge for researchers to provide transparent reporting of the intervention content with sufficient detail and clarity such that effects can be compared across studies or countries.


OBJECTIVE
To describe and compare the content of current rehabilitation for patients with inflammatory arthritis across 4 northern European countries.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 731 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases participated in a multicentre, longitudinal observational study carried out in Sweden, The Netherlands, Denmark and Norway. Data on context, structure and process were reported by patients and teams at the different participating study sites according to the Scandinavian Team Arthritis Register-European Team Intiative for Care Research (STAR-ETIC) framework.


RESULTS
Although large similarities were found in the context, there were important differences between the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries. Regarding structure, there were considerable differences in the length of the rehabilitation period across settings and countries. The most evident differences concerned process variables, especially the type and dosage of individual treatment modalities.


CONCLUSION
The variation in important aspects of arthritis rehabilitation found in the present study underline the need for transparent and standardized description of these variables when comparing effects across settings and countries. A standardized description of current practice can be achieved by the STAR-ETIC framework.
Behavioral Functionality of Mobile Apps in Health Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND
Several thousand mobile phone apps are available to download to mobile phones for health and fitness. Mobile phones may provide a unique means of administering health interventions to populations.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically search and describe the literature on mobile apps used in health behavior interventions, describe the behavioral features and focus of health apps, and to evaluate the potential of apps to disseminate health behavior interventions.


METHODS
We conducted a review of the literature in September 2014 using key search terms in several relevant scientific journal databases. Only English articles pertaining to health interventions using mobile phone apps were included in the final sample.


RESULTS
The 24 studies identified for this review were primarily feasibility and pilot studies of mobile apps with small sample sizes. All studies were informed by behavioral theories or strategies, with self-monitoring as the most common construct. Acceptability of mobile phone apps was high among mobile phone users.


CONCLUSIONS
The lack of large sample studies using mobile phone apps may signal a need for additional studies on the potential use of mobile apps to assist individuals in changing their health behaviors. Of these studies, there is early evidence that apps are well received by users. Based on available research, mobile apps may be considered a feasible and acceptable means of administering health interventions, but a greater number of studies and more rigorous research and evaluations are needed to determine efficacy and establish evidence for best practices.
Complications of mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

BACKGROUND
Mandibular hypoplasia, retrognathia, and micrognathia are commonly encountered problems in pediatric plastic surgery. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a relatively simple technique that allows for correction of the deformity with minimal morbidity. However, MDO can lead to a wide variety of complications.


METHODS
The PubMed database was queried for all articles describing complications of MDO. Each article was then reviewed, and relevant data were extracted and compiled. Finally, several case reports are presented to illustrate poignant examples of complications.


RESULTS
Complications of MDO include relapse (64.8% incidence), tooth injury (22.5%), hypertrophic scarring (15.6%), nerve injury (11.4%), infection (9.5%), inappropriate distraction vector (8.8%), device failure (7.9%), fusion error (2.4%), and temporomandibular joint injury (0.7%).


CONCLUSIONS
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis can be associated with a wide variety of minor and major complications, but all complications can be avoided with careful planning and technique.
An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors

Background and aims Over the last decade, worldwide smartphone usage has greatly increased. Alongside this growth, research on the influence of smartphones on human behavior has also increased. However, a growing number of studies have shown that excessive use of smartphones can lead to detrimental consequences in a minority of individuals. This study examines the psychological aspects of smartphone use particularly in relation to problematic use, narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors. Methods A sample of 640 smartphone users ranging from 13 to 69 years of age (mean = 24.89 years, SD = 8.54) provided complete responses to an online survey including modified DSM-5 criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder to assess problematic smartphone use, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Results The results demonstrated significant relationships between problematic smartphone use and anxiety, conscientiousness, openness, emotional stability, the amount of time spent on smartphones, and age. The results also demonstrated that conscientiousness, emotional stability, and age were independent predictors of problematic smartphone use. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that problematic smartphone use is associated with various personality factors and contributes to further understanding the psychology of smartphone behavior and associations with excessive use of smartphones.
General principles for achieving adequate bond to all-ceramic restorations

Achieving strong and reliable bond to all-ceramic restorations is a pre-requisite for long term clinical success. With the great diversity of the available materials, there is a need for establishing general concepts for bonding all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate bond strength to two ceramic substrates using different resin cements in combination with different surface treatments. Zirconia and glass ceramic discs received either airborne particle abraded, etched with hydrofluoric acid and coated with silane coupling agent, or combination of particle abrasion and silane coupling agent. Specimens were bonded to composite resin discs and sectioned into micro-bars to evaluate ceramic resin micro-tensile bond strength ( = 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that the type of ceramic substrate (polycrystalline glass ceramic), type of resin cement (MDP or non MDP containing), type of surface treatment, and their interaction all had a significant influence on ceramic resin microtensile bond strength. Combination of adequate micro-mechanical retention (particle abrasion) and chemical bonding (MDP for zirconia and silane for glass ceramic) is a pre-requisite for achieving reliable ceramic resin bond strength. Proper selection of type of resin cement and type of surface treatment that match the ceramic substrate will result in significant improvement of ceramic resin bond strength.
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of having a child with a congenital digital anomaly.

BACKGROUND
The U.S. Natality database from 2001 and 2002 was used to investigate the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the risk of having a child with polydactyly, syndactyly, or adactyly.


METHODS
The records of 6,839,854 live births were examined to identify 5171 newborns with isolated polydactyly, syndactyly, or adactyly and 10,342 controls with no congenital anomalies.


RESULTS
Maternal cigarette use during pregnancy was associated with a significantly elevated risk of having a child with a congenital digital anomaly (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.47; p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis indicated that maternal marital status and medical risk factors (anemia, cardiac disease, lung disease, diabetes, hydramnios/oligohydramnios, pregnancy-associated hypertension, incompetent cervix, previous preterm or small-for-gestational-age infant, and rhesus factor sensitization) were potential confounding factors. After adjustment for these variables, the odds ratio remained significant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.45; p < 0.0001). Cigarette consumption per day was divided into four groups: no smoking, 1 to 10 cigarettes per day, 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, and 21 or more cigarettes per day. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was found when comparing each smoking category with the no-smoking reference group: 1.29 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.46), 1.38 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.71), and 1.78 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.97 to 3.26), respectively. Increased cigarette smoking during pregnancy resulted in an elevated risk of having a child with polydactyly, syndactyly, or adactyly.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest study to date to investigate specifically the association between maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of having a newborn with a congenital digital anomaly. The elevated odds ratio for tobacco use and the significant trend in the dose-response relationship suggests smoking during pregnancy may be an important preventable risk factor for these common congenital differences.
How to efficiently snapshot transactional data: hardware or software controlled?

The quest for real-time business intelligence requires executing mixed transaction and query processing workloads on the same current database state. However, as Harizopoulos et al. [6] showed for transactional processing, co-execution using classical concurrency control techniques will not yield the necessary performance -- even in re-emerging main memory database systems. Therefore, we designed an in-memory database system that separates transaction processing from OLAP query processing via periodically refreshed snapshots. Thus, OLAP queries can be executed without any synchronization and OLTP transaction processing follows the lock-free, mostly serial processing paradigm of H-Store [8]. In this paper, we analyze different snapshot mechanisms: Hardware-supported Page Shadowing, which lazily copies memory pages when changed by transactions, software controlled Tuple Shadowing, which generates a new version when a tuple is modified, software controlled Twin Tuple, which constantly maintains two versions of each tuple and HotCold Shadowing, which effectively combines Tuple Shadowing and hardware-supported Page Shadowing by clustering update-intensive objects. We evaluate their performance based on the mixed workload CH-BenCHmark which combines the TPC-C and the TPC-H benchmarks on the same database schema and state.
A 76.8 MHz temperature compensated MEMS reference oscillator for wireless handsets

This paper reports on the design of a low phase noise 76.8 MHz AlN-on-silicon reference oscillator using SiO2 as temperature compensation material. The paper presents profound theoretical optimization of all the important parameters for AlN-on-silicon width extensional mode resonators, filling into the knowledge gap targeting the tens of megahertz frequency range for this type of resonators. Low loading CMOS cross coupled series resonance oscillator is used to reach the-state-of-the-art LTE phase noise specifications. Phase noise of 123 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz, and 162 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset is achieved. The oscillator's integrated root mean square RMS jitter is 106 fs (10 kHz to 20 MHz), consuming 850 μA, with startup time of 250 μs, and a figure-of-merit FOM of 216 dB. This work offers a platform for high performance MEMS reference oscillators; where, it shows the applicability of replacing bulky quartz with MEMS resonators in cellular platforms. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.