LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Vacuum-induced symmetry breaking in a superconducting quantum circuit

The ultrastrong-coupling regime, where the atom-cavity coupling rate reaches a considerable fraction of the cavity or atom transition frequencies, has been reported in a flux qubit superconducting quantum circuit coupled to an on-chip coplanar resonator. In this regime situations may arise where the resonator field X̂ = â + â† acquires a nonzero expectation value in the system ground state. We demonstrate that in this case the parity symmetry of an additional artificial atom with an even potential is broken by the interaction with the resonator. Such mechanism is analogous to the Higgs mechanism where the gauge symmetry of the weak force’s gauge bosons is broken by the nonzero vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field. The results here presented open the way to controllable experiments on symmetry breaking mechanisms induced by nonzero vacuum expectation values. Moreover the here proposed mechanism can be used as a probe of the ground state macroscopic coherence emerging from quantum phase transitions with vacuum degeneracy.
Knowledge work productivity in distributed teams

Purpose: Knowledge Work (KW) is a well-researched topic. However, KW is difficult to measure and little consensus has been reached on elements that affect knowledge work productivity on a team level. The current theories neglect teams working in distributed geographical areas. The purpose of the paper is to integrate recent literature on knowledge work productivity (KWP) in distributed teams and give an overview of the elements affecting it. Approach: The paper presents an overview of research performed in the field of knowledge work productivity. The authors integrate theories of different fields of management theory (knowledge management, intellectual capital and learning), and work and organizational psychology. This paper answers three questions: 1) what is knowledge work; 2) what is knowledge work productivity and 3) which elements hinder or enable knowledge work productivity in distributed teams of global technology companies. Findings: The authors define the crucial elements that either hinder or enable KWP: team tasks, team structure and processes, the physical, virtual and social workspaces as well as organizational context. The paper presents an integrative model of KWP in distributed teams of global technology companies. Practical implications: Distributed teams are common in global companies. By understanding the elements that affect KWP, companies can stimulate or decrease specific elements in order to improve productivity of their distributed knowledge workers. Value: This paper integrates theories from different disciplines in order to create an understanding about knowledge work and its productivity for further research.
Association of Plasma 7-Ketocholesterol With Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

RATIONALE
7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC), a form of cholesterol oxidation product, plays an essential role in the atherogenesis in animal models.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the association of circulating 7-KC with clinical cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We measured the plasma 7-KC levels by high-performance liquid chromatography in a prospective cohort study of 1016 patients (mean age, 63.2 years; male 61.1%) with stable coronary artery disease who were recruited from December 2008 to December 2011 and followed up for a median of 4.6 years. We adjudicated myocardial infarction, hospitalization of heart failure, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and composite end points of myocardial infarction/heart failure/death by review of medical records and death certificates. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis to compare the incidence rate of cardiovascular events and all-cause death according to the quartile of the plasma 7-KC. During the median 4.6 years follow-up, totally 221 participants (21.8%) experienced a cardiovascular event or death. The adjusted risk of the composite end points was higher in the highest 7-KC quartile than in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-2.21; P<0.001). After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables and other biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), 1 SD increase in the 7-KC level remained associated with a 36% higher rate of composite outcomes (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.48; P=0.007). Plasma 7-KC clearly improved various model performance measures, including C statistics, integrated discrimination, and category-free net reclassification.


CONCLUSIONS
High 7-KC levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, total death, and composite outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
An Inconvenient Trust: User Attitudes toward Security and Usability Tradeoffs for Key-Directory Encryption Systems

Many critical communications now take place digitally, but recent revelations demonstrate that these communications can often be intercepted. To achieve true message privacy, users need end-to-end message encryption, in which the communi­ cations service is not able to decrypt the content. Historically, end-to-end encryption has proven extremely difficult for peo­ ple to use correctly, but recently tools like Apple’s iMes­ sage and Google’s End-to-End have made it more broadly accessible by using key-directory services. These tools (and others like them) sacrifice some security properties for con­ venience, which alarms some security experts, but little is known about how average users evaluate these tradeoffs. In a 40-person interview study, we asked participants to complete encryption tasks using both a traditional key-exchange model and a key-directory-based registration model. We then de­ scribed the security properties of each and asked participants for their opinions. We found that participants understood the two models well and made coherent assessments about when different tradeoffs might be appropriate. Overall, our partici­ pants found the security of the registration model to be “good enough” for many everyday purposes. ACM Classification
Phase I study of RGB-286638, a novel, multitargeted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in patients with solid tumors.

PURPOSE
RGB-286638 is a multitargeted inhibitor with targets comprising the family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and a range of other cancer-relevant tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. The objectives of this first in human trial of RGB-286638, given i.v. on days 1 to 5 every 28 days, were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of this new drug.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Sequential cohorts of 3 to 6 patients were treated per dose level. Blood, urine samples, and skin biopsies for full PK and/or PD analyses were collected.


RESULTS
Twenty-six patients were enrolled in 6-dose levels from 10 to 160 mg/d. Four dose-limiting toxicities were observed in 2 of the 6 patients enrolled at the highest dose level. These toxicities were AST/ALT elevations in 1 patient, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), hypotension, and an increase in troponin T in another patient. The plasma PK of RGB-286638 was shown to be linear over the studied doses. The interpatient variability in clearance was moderate (variation coefficient 7%-36%). The PD analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum (apoptosis induction) and skin biopsies (Rb, p-Rb, Ki-67, and p27(KIP1) expression) did not demonstrate a consistent modulation of mechanism-related biomarkers with the exception of lowered Ki-67 levels at the MTD level. The recommended MTD for phase II studies is 120 mg/d.


CONCLUSIONS
RGB-286638 is tolerated when administered at 120 mg/d for 5 days every 28 days. Prolonged disease stabilization (range, 2-14 months) was seen across different dose levels.
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints

This paper presents a method for extracting distinctive invariant features from images that can be used to perform reliable matching between different views of an object or scene. The features are invariant to image scale and rotation, and are shown to provide robust matching across a substantial range of affine distortion, change in 3D viewpoint, addition of noise, and change in illumination. The features are highly distinctive, in the sense that a single feature can be correctly matched with high probability against a large database of features from many images. This paper also describes an approach to using these features for object recognition. The recognition proceeds by matching individual features to a database of features from known objects using a fast nearest-neighbor algorithm, followed by a Hough transform to identify clusters belonging to a single object, and finally performing verification through least-squares solution for consistent pose parameters. This approach to recognition can robustly identify objects among clutter and occlusion while achieving near real-time performance.
Empirical Research on Accounting Choice

We review research from the 1990s that examines the determinants and consequences of accounting choice, structuring our analysis around the three types of market imperfections that influence managers’ choices: agency costs, information asymmetries, and externalities affecting non-contracting parties. We conclude that research in the 1990s made limited progress in expanding our understanding of accounting choice because of limitations in research design and a focus on replication rather than extension of current knowledge. We discuss opportunities for future research, recommending the exploration of the economic implications of accounting choice by addressing the three different reasons why accounting matters. r 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JEL classification: M41 accounting
Strong intuitionistic fuzzy graphs

We introduce the notion of strong intuitionistic fuzzy graphs and investigate some of their properties. We discuss some propositions of self complementary and self weak complementary strong intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. We introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy line graphs.
Evidence-based concepts for prevention of knee and ACL injuries. 2017 guidelines of the ligament committee of the German Knee Society (DKG)

Knee injuries and especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are frequent in athletes. Therefore, primary and secondary prevention of sports-related lower limb injuries is an ongoing topic of interest. The aim of present study was to establish guidelines for the prevention of knee and ACL injuries on the basis of evidence-based concepts represented in current literature. A comprehensive literature review regarding prevention programs for knee and ACL injuries was conducted. Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for knee injuries in athletes have been reported in literature. Referring to the ACL, specific injury mechanisms have been identified and are well understood. In particular, it has been demonstrated that dynamic valgus is one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Simple tests like the drop jump test have shown their efficacy in screening and detecting athletes at risk. There is only few evidence for the preventive effect on knee and ACL injuries by single exercises. However, in order to prevent or correct endangering movement patterns including dynamic valgus, several complex prevention programs have been developed in the past. These prevention programs are included in standard warm-up exercises and are focusing on muscle strength, balance, and proprioception, as well as running and flexibility. It is reported that these training programs can reduce the incidence of knee injuries by up to 27% and ACL injuries by up to 51%. Screening, identification, and correction of endangering movement patterns like the dynamic valgus are the first crucial steps in order to prevent knee and ACL injuries in athletes. Furthermore, jumping, running and flexibility exercises as well as balance and strength training are proven to reduce the incidence of these injuries and should, therefore, be integrated into the regular warm up program. Appropriate complete prevention programs are freely accessible via the Internet and should be adapted to the specific sport disciplines.
Characteristics of prevalent and new COPD cases in Greece: the GOLDEN study

BACKGROUND
Greece has one of the highest rates of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Europe.


AIM
The study aimed to record both the disease characteristics among a sample of Greek COPD patients and the nationwide rates of newly diagnosed COPD cases.


METHODS
In this noninterventional, epidemiological cross-sectional study, a representative nationwide sample of 45 respiratory centers provided data on the following: 1) the demographic and clinical characteristics of COPD patients and 2) newly diagnosed COPD cases monitored over a period of 6 months by each physician.


RESULTS
Data from 6,125 COPD patients were collected. Advanced age (median age: 68 years), male predominance (71.3%), largely overweight status with median body mass index (BMI) =27.5 kg/m(2), high percentage of current and ex-smokers (89.8%), and presence of comorbidities (81.9%) were evident in the sample. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011 criteria, majority of the COPD patients had moderate or severe airflow limitation (61%). Severity of airflow limitation was significantly associated with older age, male sex, obesity, ex-smoking status, and presence of comorbidity (all P-values <0.001). A total of 61.3% of the patients received medication, mostly bronchodilators (64.4%) and fixed-dose combinations of long-acting β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (39.9%), while 35.9% reported taking medication on demand. The majority (81.1%) of patients reported a preference for fewer inhalations of their bronchodilator therapy. Based on the mixed-effect Poisson model, the rate of newly diagnosed COPD cases was estimated to be 18.2% (95% confidence interval: 14.9-22.3) per pulmonologist/3 months. Of those newly diagnosed, the majority of patients had mild or moderate airflow limitation (78.2%).


CONCLUSION
The Greek Obstructive Lung Disease Epidemiology and health ecoNomics study reflected the real-life profile of COPD patients and provided evidence on the profile of new COPD cases in Greece. Various demographic factors were delineated, which can assist in designing more effective diagnostic and management strategies for COPD in Greece.
Lean Transformation Framework for Software Intensive Companies: Responding to Challenges Created by the Cloud

Today, the cloud phenomenon is challenging companies' business and revenue models. Many enterprises are starting a fundamental change in order to benefit from the opportunities and to respond to the challenges that the cloud brings. At the same time, interest in lean thinking has grown in industries and research communities. Lean paradigm is assessed as a potential means to help companies pursue efficiency. This paper builds on premise that in order to succeed, software intensive enterprise's cloud transformation should have lean thinking woven in -- we talk about lean transformation. This paper extends the current available lean related literature that, however, is mainly intended to manufacturing industries. This paper proposes a lean transformation framework, which highlights the significance of learning, iterative execution and holistic approach involving the whole enterprise in the transformation. First experiences of using the proposed lean transformation framework in a large IT service company are described as well.
Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract elicits antinociceptive activity, potentiates morphine analgesia and suppresses morphine hyperalgesia in rats.

AIM OF THE STUDY
Olive (Olea europaea) leaves are used as anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, vasodilatory, hypotensive, antidiuretic and hypoglycemic agents in traditional medicine. Recently, it has been shown that olive leaf extract (OLE) has calcium channel blocker property; however, its influences on nociceptive threshold and morphine effects have not yet been clarified.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
All experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The tail-flick, hot-plate and formalin tests were used to assess the effect of OLE on nociceptive threshold. To determine the effect of OLE on analgesic and hyperalgesic effects of morphine, OLE (6, 12 and 25 mg/kg i.p.) that had no significant nociceptive effect, was injected concomitant with morphine (5 mg/kg and 1 μg/kg i.p., respectively). The tail-flick test was used to assess the effect of OLE on anti- and pro-nociceptive effects of morphine.


RESULTS
The data showed that OLE (50-200 mg/kg i.p.) could produce dose-dependent analgesic effect on tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Administration of 200 mg/kg OLE (i.p.) caused significant decrease in pain responses in the first and the second phases of formalin test. In addition, OLE could potentiate the antinociceptive effect of 5 mg/kg morphine and block low-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that olive leaf extract has analgesic property in several models of pain and useful influence on morphine analgesia in rats. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment and/or management of painful conditions.
Overvoltage considerations in applying distributed resources on power systems

Distributed resources (DR) can be a source of overvoltage problems for the electric power system if care is not exercised in the design and interface of the DR equipment. Conversely, DR may be adversely impacted by overvoltage conditions that originate on distribution feeders during faults, switching events, or as a result of lightning. Use of the appropriate DR grounding, interface transformer winding, proper switching methods, anti-island protection settings, lightning surge protection, and equipment voltage withstand ratings can help reduce the chance that either the DR or the utility system will be adversely impacted by overvoltages. This paper reviews the overvoltage issues associated with the application of DR on power systems and recommends approaches for prevention of problems.
Multisite Study of an Implanted Continuous Glucose Sensor Over 90 Days in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which enables real-time glucose display and trend information as well as real-time alarms, can improve glycemic control and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus. Previous reports have described strategies to extend the useable lifetime of a single sensor from 1-2 weeks to 28 days. The present multisite study describes the characterization of a sensing platform achieving 90 days of continuous use for a single, fully implanted sensor.


METHOD
The Senseonics CGM system is composed of a long-term implantable glucose sensor and a wearable smart transmitter. Study subjects underwent subcutaneous implantation of sensors in the upper arm. Eight-hour clinic sessions were performed every 14 days, during which sensor glucose values were compared against venous blood lab reference measurements collected every 15 minutes using mean absolute relative differences (MARDs).


RESULTS
All subjects (mean ± standard deviation age: 43.5 ± 11.0 years; with 10 sensors inserted in men and 14 in women) had type 1 diabetes mellitus. Most (22 of 24) sensors reported glucose values for the entire 90 days. The MARD value was 11.4 ± 2.7% (range, 8.1-19.5%) for reference glucose values between 40-400 mg/dl. There was no significant difference in MARD throughout the 90-day study (P = .31). No serious adverse events were noted.


CONCLUSIONS
The Senseonics CGM, composed of an implantable sensor, external smart transmitter, and smartphone app, is the first system that uses a single sensor for continuous display of accurate glucose values for 3 months.
Performance of the ASSIGN cardiovascular disease risk score on a UK cohort of patients from general practice.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of ASSIGN against the Framingham equations for predicting 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in a UK cohort of patients from general practice and to make the evaluation comparable to an independent evaluation of QRISK on the same cohort.


DESIGN
Prospective open cohort study. Setting 288 practices from England and Wales contributing to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database.


PARTICIPANTS
Patients registered with 288 UK practices for some period between January 1995 and March 2006. The number of records available was 1,787,169.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
First diagnosis of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke and transient ischaemic attacks recorded. Methods We implemented the Anderson Framingham Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke models, ASSIGN, and a more recent Framingham Cox proportional-hazards model and analysed their calibration and discrimination.


RESULTS
Calibration showed that all models tested over-estimated risk particularly for men. ASSIGN showed better discrimination with higher AUROC (0.756/0.792 for men/women), D statistic (1.35/1.58 for men/women), and R²(30.47%/37.39% for men/women). The performance of ASSIGN was comparable to that of QRISK on the same cohort. Models agreed on 93-97% of categorical (high/lower) risk assessments and when they disagreed, ASSIGN was often closer to the estimated Kaplan-Meier incidence. ASSIGN also provided a steeper gradient of deprivation and discriminated between those with and without recorded family history of CVD. The estimated incidence was twice/three times as high for women/men with a recorded family history of CVD.


CONCLUSIONS
For systematic CVD risk assessment all models could usefully be applied, but ASSIGN improved on the gradient of deprivation and accounted for recorded family history whereas the Framingham equations did not. However, all models display relatively low specificity and sensitivity. An additional conclusion is that the recording of family history of CVD in primary care databases needs to improve given its importance in risk assessment.
Bipolar Disorder and Quality of Life: A Patient-Centered Perspective

Objectives: Several quantitative studies have now examined the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and bipolar disorder (BD) and have generally indicated that QoL is markedly impaired in patients with BD. However, little qualitative research has been conducted to better describe patients’ own experiences of how BD impacts upon life quality. We report here on a series of in-depth qualitative interviews we conducted as part of the item generation phase for a disease-specific scale to assess QoL in BD. Methods: We conducted 52 interviews with people with BD (n=35), their caregivers (n=5) and healthcare professionals (n=12) identified by both convenience and purposive sampling. Clinical characteristics of the affected sample ranged widely between individuals who had been clinically stable for several years through to inpatients who were recovering from a severe episode of depression or mania. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results: Although several interwoven themes emerged from the data, we chose to focus on 6 for the purposes of this paper: routine, independence, stigma and disclosure, identity, social support and spirituality. When asked to prioritize the areas they thought were most important in determining QoL, the majority of participants ranked social support as most important, followed by mental health. Conclusions: Findings indicate that there is a complex, multifaceted relationship between BD and QoL. Most of the affected individuals we interviewed reported that BD had a profoundly negative effect upon their life quality, particularly in the areas of education, vocation, financial functioning, and social and intimate relationships. However, some people also reported that having BD opened up new doors of opportunity.