LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Muscle architecture of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): perspectives for investigating chimpanzee behavior

Thorpe et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 110:179–199, 1999) quantified chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) muscle architecture and joint moment arms to determine whether they functionally compensated for structural differences between chimpanzees and humans. They observed enough distinction to conclude that musculoskeletal properties were not compensatory and suggested that chimpanzees and humans do not exhibit dynamically similar movements. These investigators based their assessment on unilateral limb musculatures from three male chimpanzees, of which they called one non-adult representative. Factors such as age, sex, and behavioral lateralization may be responsible for variation in chimpanzee muscle architecture, but this is presently unknown. While the full extent of variation in chimpanzee muscle architecture due to such factors cannot be evaluated with data presently available, the present study expands the chimpanzee dataset and provides a preliminary glimpse of the potential relevance of these factors. Thirty-seven forelimb and 36 hind limb muscles were assessed in two chimpanzee cadavers: one unilaterally (right limbs), and one bilaterally. Mass, fiber length, and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) are reported for individual muscles and muscle groups. The musculature of an adult female is more similar in architectural patterns to a young male chimpanzee than to humans, particularly when comparing muscle groups. Age- and sex-related intraspecific differences do not obscure chimpanzee-human interspecific differences. Side asymmetry in one chimpanzee, despite consistent forelimb directional asymmetry, also does not exceed the magnitude of chimpanzee-human differences. Left forelimb muscles, on average, usually had higher masses and longer fiber lengths than right, while right forelimb muscles, on average, usually had greater PCSAs than left. Most muscle groups from the left forelimb exhibited greater masses than right groups, but group asymmetry was significant only for the manual digital muscles. The hind limb exhibited less asymmetry than the forelimb in most comparisons. Examination of additional chimpanzees would clarify the full range of inter- and intra-individual variation.
Trait Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five: A study on Italian Children and Preadolescents

Trait emotional intelligence (EI) is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies. This article examines the validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Child Form and investigates its relationships with Big Five factors and cognitive ability. A total of 690 children (317 Males; M Age = 10.25 years; SD = 1.58 years) completed the TEIQue-CF, the Raven Progressive, Matrices and the Big Five Questionnaire; in addition, a subsample of 136 participants answered to Depression and Anxiety scales. Results evidenced that TEIQue-CF is a reliable measure of Trait EI that is partially determined by all of the Big Five factors but independent of cognitive ability. Trait EI predicts depression and anxiety scores over and above the five higher order personality dimensions.
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition Supplementary Materials

In this section we introduce our detection method based on the baseline Faster R-CNN [6] system. The models are initialized by the ImageNet classification models, and then fine-tuned on the object detection data. We have experimented with ResNet-50/101 at the time of the ILSVRC & COCO 2015 detection competitions. Unlike VGG-16 used in [6], our ResNet has no hidden fc layers. We adopt the idea of “Networks on Conv feature maps” (NoC) [7] to address this issue. We compute the full-image shared conv feature maps using those layers whose strides on the image are no greater than 16 pixels (i.e., conv1, conv2 x, conv3 x, and conv4 x, totally 91 conv layers in ResNet-101). We consider these layers as analogous to the 13 conv layers in VGG-16, and by doing so, both ResNet and VGG-16 have conv feature maps of the same total stride (16 pixels). These layers are shared by a region proposal network (RPN, generating 300 proposals) [6] and a Fast R-CNN detection network [2]. RoI pooling [2] is performed before conv5 1. On this RoI-pooled feature, all layers of conv5 x and up are adopted for each region, playing the roles of VGG-16’s fc layers. The final classification layer is replaced by two sibling layers (classification and box regression [2]). For the usage of BN layers, after pre-training, we compute the BN statistics (means and variances) for each layer on the ImageNet training set. Then the BN layers are fixed during fine-tuning for object detection. As such, the BN layers become linear activations with constant offsets and scales, and BN statistics are not updated by fine-tuning. We fix the BN layers mainly for reducing memory consumption in Faster R-CNN training.
User Profiling for Energy Optimisation in Mobile Cloud Computing

Both mobile and cloud computing are two areas which are rapidly expanding in terms of use case and functionality.Both mobile and cloud computing are two areas which are rapidly expanding in terms of use case and functionality. This paper reviews current work in energy consumption of mobile cloud computing and then proposes a system whereby user applications may be profiled for their resource consumption locally and then if augmentation is required, they may negotiate with an external cloud for optimum energy consumption. Such a system is particularly useful for cloudlets which contain constrained resources so may need to choose between a number of clients. Whilst mobile computing enables a variety of feature rich functionality for users in a non-fixed location, cloud computing is revolutionising the way in which computing resources are being provisioned, used and optimised for both service providers and end users. These two fields are being combined in order to provide greater functionality for mobile devices in a number of different ways. Augmentation of mobile resources from the cloud has been shown as one way in which the energy consumption and power of mobile devices may be considerably enhanced. However, due to the resource constrained nature of the devices, in particular their power source and communication interfaces, there is often a fine line where offloading of these resources is economical. c © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women

OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance decreases blood flow and volume in fat tissue. We hypothesised that fat tissue nutritive blood flow and volume, and thereby water content, would increase during weight loss and weight maintenance in obese persons.DESIGN: Longitudinal clinical intervention with a 9-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by one year of weight maintenance.SUBJECTS: Obese men (n=13) and women (n=14) with the metabolic syndrome.MEASUREMENTS: Water content of abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue as estimated by a sensor on the skin surface measuring the dielectric constant at 300 MHz. Anthropometric measures of fatness and fat distribution. Biochemical measures related to insulin resistance.RESULTS: Subjects lost 14.5±3.4% of body weight during the VLCD, and generally sustained this weight loss during weight maintenance. Insulin sensitivity as estimated by an index (qualitative insulin sensitivity check index) increased during the VLCD, and remained increased throughout weight maintenance. The dielectric constant increased from 23.3±2.3 to 25.0±2.1 (P<0.001) during the VLCD, and further to 27.8±1.9 (P<0.001) during weight maintenance, indicating an increase in the water content of subcutaneous fat. The increase in subcutaneous fat water content did not correlate with weight loss and other measures of adiposity during the VLCD, but there was an inverse correlation that strengthened in significance from baseline to 6, 9 and 12 mo (r=−0.32 to −0.64, P=0.079–0.002). Increases in subcutaneous fat water content also correlated with improvements in insulin sensitivity at 6, 9 and 12 months of weight maintenance (r=0.34–0.54, P=0.094–0.006).CONCLUSIONS: Water content of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue increases with weight loss in obese persons with the metabolic syndrome, and may reflect increased subcutaneous fat tissue nutritive blood flow. The increase in water content correlates with the increase in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that weight loss and consequent improved insulin sensitivity could mediate the increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat hydration.
Modelling the dynamics of West Nile Virus.

In this work we formulate and analyze a mathematical model for the transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection between vector (mosquito) and avian population. We find the Basic Reproductive Number R0 in terms of measurable epidemiological and demographic parameters. R0 is the threshold condition that determines the dynamics of WNV infection: if R0< or =1 the disease fades out, and for R0 >1 the disease remains endemic. Using experimental and field data we estimate R0 for several species of birds. Numerical simulations of the temporal course of the infected bird proportion show damped oscillations approaching the endemic value.
The takeoff of social media in tourism

Over the years, online marketing has grown in importance in the tourism industry. This media space offers companies throughout the tourism value system numerous marketing tools, one of the most recent being social media. Social media allows companies to interact directly with customers via various Internet platforms and monitor and interact with customer opinions and evaluations of services. This exploratory article studies the travel portion of the tourism experience through airlines’ use of social media on two social media platforms for a 6-month time period. The social media content posted by airlines is analyzed and categorized according to the promotional marketing mix. In addition, the authors propose four categories to describe the overall communicative behavior. Among the results, it is shown that there is a lack of strategic perspective among airlines’ utilization of social media as it is being used with limited uniformity. These findings may aid marketing departments in their marketing and social media communication strategies, while complementing current marketing research.
Effect of buprenorphine and antiretroviral agents on the QT interval in opioid-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND
Cardiac arrhythmias have been linked to treatment with methadone and levacetylmethadol. HIV-positive patients often have conditions that place them at risk for QT interval prolongation including HIV-associated dilated cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease as a consequence of highly active antiretroviral (ARV) therapy-associated metabolic syndrome, and uncorrected electrolyte abnormalities. As of February 14, 2006, no cases of adverse events related to QT interval prolongation have been reported in patients receiving buprenorphine, an opioid partial agonist and the newest drug approved for the treatment of opioid dependence.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of buprenorphine/naloxone alone and in combination with 1 of 5 ARV agents (efavirenz, nelfinavir, delavirdine, ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir) on the QT interval.


METHODS
This study was prospective, open-label, and within-subject in design, with subjects serving as their own controls. In 50 HIV-negative, opioid-dependent subjects, electrocardiogram recordings were obtained at baseline, after receiving buprenorphine/naloxone for 2 weeks, and then following buprenorphine/naloxone plus ARV administration for 5-15 days at steady-state. QTc interval measurements were compared using mixed-model, repeated-measures ANOVA. Recent cocaine use and gender were considered covariates.


RESULTS
Buprenorphine/naloxone alone and often in the presence of evidence for recent use of cocaine did not significantly alter the QT interval (p = 0.612). Buprenorphine/naloxone in combination with ARVs caused a statistically, but not clinically, significant increase (p = 0.005) in the QT interval. Subjects receiving buprenorphine/naloxone in combination with either delavirdine or ritonavir had the greatest increase in QTc intervals.


CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged QT intervals were not observed in opioid-dependent subjects receiving buprenorphine/naloxone alone. QT interval increases were observed with buprenorphine/naloxone in combination with either delavirdine or ritonavir, which inhibit CYP3A4.
Pro and cons singularity: Kurzweil's theory and its critics

The present paper reviews and resumes the "panoply" of criticism triggered by Ray Kurzweil's worrying scenario about the forthcoming Technological Singularity. These debates on technological evolution are re-considered and re-evaluated from the perspective of philosophical anthropology. Genuine enquiries on this subject are taken up as well.
Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Achyranthes aspera L.

Petroleum ether, Chloroform and Methanol extract of dried leaves of Achyranthes aspera Family: Amaranthaceae were obtained by infusion and maceration were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The extracts were tested against 5 different species of human pathogenic bacteria and 17 fungal strains by the agar-solid diffusion method. Most of the extracts were devoid of antifungal and antibacterial activities, except the methanolic ectracts of leaves of Achyranthes aspera obtained by infusion, which has showed a strong inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphlyococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5000 μl ml-1. The minimal inhibitory concentration values to dermatophyte strains were 2500 μl ml-1 against Trichophyton rubrum (LM-09, LM-13) and Microsporum canis. In conclusion, it appears that Achyranthes aspera has non-specific antimicrobial activity.
The State of the Art in Advanced Chemical Process Control in Japan

In this age of globalization, the realization of production innovation and highly stable operation is the chief objective of the process industry in Japan. Obviously, modern advanced control plays an important role to achieve this target; but it is emphasized here that a key to success is the maximum utilization of PID control and conventional advanced control. This paper surveys how the three central pillars of process control – PID control, conventional advanced control, and linear/nonlinear model predictive control – have been used and how they have contributed toward increasing productivity. In addition to introducing eminently practical methods, emerging methods, and their applications, the authors point out challenging problems. In Japan, industry and academia are working in close cooperation to share their important problems and develop new technologies for solving them. Several methods introduced in this paper are results of such industry-academia collaboration among engineers and researchers in various companies and universities. Furthermore, soft-sensor or virtual sensor design is treated with emphasis on its maintenance, because soft-sensors must cope with changes in process characteristics for their continuous utilization. Maintenance is a key issue not only for softsensors but also for controllers. Finally, we will expand our scope and briefly introduce recent activities in tracking simulation and alarm management. A part of the results of our recent questionnaire survey of process control are also introduced; the results are extremely helpful in clarifying the state of the art in process control in Japan.
Assessing the proposed association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism in 975 paediatric subjects.

BACKGROUND
An association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism has been suggested. The identification of subpopulations with specific associated dental anomalies (subphenotype) would allow testing of the specific hypothesis that certain genetic factors contribute to the specific subphenotype.


AIM
This work aims to assess a large cohort to verify if the association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism is present.


DESIGN
Panoramic radiographs of 1002 patients were examined and 975 were used in this study. The presence of tooth agenesis and taurodontism was assessed in the study population.


RESULTS
The frequency of tooth agenesis was 4.6% and the frequency of taurodontism was 1.6%. There were, however, no observations of concomitant tooth agenesis and taurodontism.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data do not support the hypothesis that isolated tooth agenesis is associated with isolated taurodontism.
Protocol for the RT Prepare Trial: a multiple-baseline study of radiation therapists delivering education and support to women with breast cancer who are referred for radiotherapy

INTRODUCTION
There is limited evidence to guide the preparation of patients for radiotherapy. This paper describes the protocol for an evaluation of a radiation therapist led education intervention delivered to patients with breast cancer in order to reduce psychological distress.


METHODS
A multiple-baseline study is being used. Usual care data is being collected prior to the start of the intervention at each of three sites. The intervention is delivered by radiation therapists consulting with patients prior to their treatment planning and on the first day of treatment. The intervention focuses on providing sensory and procedural information to patients and reducing pretreatment anxiety. Recruitment is occurring in three states in Australia. Eligible participants are patients who have been referred for radiotherapy to treat breast cancer. 200 patients will be recruited during a usual care phase and, thereafter, 200 patients in the intervention phase. Measures will be collected on four occasions-after meeting with their radiation oncologist, prior to treatment planning, on the first day of treatment and after treatment completion. The primary hypothesis is that patients who receive the radiotherapy preparatory intervention will report a significantly greater decrease in psychological distress from baseline to prior to radiotherapy treatment planning in comparison with the usual care group. Secondary outcome measures include concerns about radiotherapy, patient knowledge of radiotherapy, patient preparedness and quality of life. Patient health system usage and costs will also be measured. Multilevel mixed effects regression models will be applied to test for intervention effects.


ETHICS
Ethics approval has been gained from Curtin University and the three recruiting sites.


DISSEMINATION
Results will be reported in international peer reviewed journals.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration: ACTRN12611001000998.
Coronary artery occlusions diagnosed by transthoracic Doppler

BACKGROUND
Our aim was to assess whether anterograde flow velocities in septal perforating branches could identify an occluded contralateral coronary artery, and to assess the feasibility and accuracy of diagnosing occlusions in the three main coronary arteries by the combined use of several noninvasive parameters indicating collateral flow.


METHODS
A total of 108 patients scheduled for coronary angiography because of chest pain or acute coronary syndromes were studied using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.


RESULTS
Anterograde peak diastolic flow velocities (pDV) in septal perforating branches were higher in patients with angiographic occluded contralateral artery compared with corresponding velocities in patients without significant disease in the contralateral artery (0.80 ± 0.31 m/sec versus 0.37 ± 0.13 m/sec, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed pDV ≥ 0.57 m/sec to be the optimal cutoff value to identify occluded contralateral artery, with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 69%. Demonstration of at least one positive parameter (retrograde flow in main coronary arteries, reversed flow in septal perforating and left circumflex marginal branches, pDV ≥ 0.57 m/sec, or demonstration of other epicardial or intramyocardial collaterals) indicating collateral flow to an occluded main coronary artery had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 89%, 94%, 63%, and 99%, respectively, for detection of a coronary occlusion. With this combined use of several parameters, 25 of 28 coronary occlusions were identified.


CONCLUSIONS
By investigating several parameters indicating collateral flow, we were able to identify most of the main coronary occlusions in the patient cohort. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that coronary artery occlusions may result in complex and diverging coronary pathophysiology depending on which coronary artery segment is occluded and the extent of accompanying coronary artery disease.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov number NTC00281346.
Timing Optimization and Noise Tolerance for Dynamic CMOS Susceptible to Process Variations

Dynamic CMOS circuits are significantly used in high-performance very large-scale integrated (VLSI) systems. However, they suffer from limitations such as noise tolerance, charge leakage, and power consumption. With the escalating impact of process variations on design performance, aggressive technology scaling, noise in dynamic CMOS circuit has become an imperative design challenge. The design performance of dynamic circuits has to be first improved for reliable operation of VLSI systems. Alongside, this impact of process variation is worse in circuits with multiple timing paths such as those used in microprocessors. In this paper, these problems of process variations, timing, noise tolerance, and power are investigated together for performance optimization. We propose a process variation-aware load-balance of multiple paths transistor sizing algorithm to: 1) improve worst-case delay, delay uncertainty, and sensitivity due to process variations in dynamic CMOS circuits, and 2) optimize dynamic CMOS circuits with MOSFET-based keepers to improve the noise tolerance. Implemented using 90-nm CMOS process, the proposed algorithm has demonstrated an average improvement in worst-case delay by 34%, delay uncertainty by 40.3%, delay sensitivity by 25.1%, and noise margins by 19.4% when compared to their initial performances.
Social Media and Emergency Management: Exploring State and Local Tweets

Social media for emergency management has emerged as a vital resource for government agencies across the globe. In this study, we explore social media strategies employed by governments to respond to major weather-related events. Using social media monitoring software, we analyze how social media is used in six cities following storms in the winter of 2012. We listen, monitor, and assess online discourse available on the full range of social media outlets (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, blogs). To glean further insight, we conduct a survey and extract themes from citizen comments and government's response. We conclude with recommendations on how practitioners can develop social media strategies that enable citizen participation in emergency management.