LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Myocardial energetics and efficiency: current status of the noninvasive approach.

The heart is an aerobic organ that relies almost exclusively on the aerobic oxidation of substrates for generation of energy. Consequently, there is close coupling between myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇O2) and the main determinants of systolic function: heart rate, contractile state, and wall stress.1 As in any mechanical pump, only part of the energy invested is converted to external power. In the case of the heart, the ratio of useful energy produced (ie, stroke work [SW]) to oxygen consumed is defined as mechanical efficiency, as originally proposed by Bing et al.2 Under normal conditions this ratio is 25%, and the residual energy mainly dissipates as heat.3 In pathophysiological disease states, such as heart failure, mechanical efficiency is reduced, and it has been hypothesized that the increased energy expenditure relative to work contributes to progression of the disease.4,5 Moreover, therapeutic interventions that enhance mechanical efficiency have proven to be beneficial with respect to outcome.6 It is therefore desirable to quantify efficiency of the heart to study disease processes and monitor interventions. Both cardiac oxidative metabolism and mechanical work, and thus efficiency, can be quantified through invasive measurements. Although these measurements are accurate and currently considered the gold standard, in clinical practice they are limited because of the need for dual-sided heart catheterization and selective catheterization of the coronary sinus. Recent advances in imaging techniques, however, offer the possibility to noninvasively estimate MV̇O2 and mechanical work by positron emission tomography and echocardiography or by magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. This review discusses the principles of mechanical efficiency, together with its invasive and noninvasive assessment, as well as their strengths and pitfalls. Finally, results from clinical pathophysiological studies are discussed.
Unique Fixed Point Theorems for Generalized Contractive Mappings in Partial Metric Spaces

1Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Cachar, Assam 788 010, India 2L. 1627 Awadh Puri Colony Beniganj, Phase-III, Opposite-Industrial Training Institute (I.T.I.), Ayodhya Main Road, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224 001, India 3Department of Applied Mathematics, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 033, India 4Department of Applied Mathematics and Humanities, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath Mahadev Dumas Road, Surat, Gujarat 395 007, India 5Department of Mathematics, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 026, India
Computer-Based Cognitive Training Versus Paper and Pencil Training : Which is more Effective ? A Randomized Controlled Trial in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective: Traditional Cognitive Training with paper-pencil tasks (PPCT) and Computer-Based Cognitive Training (C-BCT) both are effective for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a C-BCT program versus a PPCT one. Methods: One hundred and twenty four (n=124) people with amnesic & multiple domains MCI (aMCImd) diagnosis were randomly assigned in two groups, a PPCT group (n=65), and a C-BCT (n=59). The groups were matched at baseline in age, gender, education, cognitive and functional performance. Both groups attended 48 weekly 1-hour sessions of attention and executive function training for 12 months. Neuropsychological assessment was performed at baseline and 12 months later. Results: At the follow up, the PPCT group was better than the C-BCT group in visual selective attention (p≤ 0.022). The C-BCT group showed improvement in working memory (p=0.042) and in speed of switching of attention (p=0.012), while the PPCT group showed improvement in general cognitive function (p=0.005), learning ability (p=0.000), delayed verbal recall (p=0.000), visual perception (p=0.013) and visual memory (p=0.000), verbal fluency (p=0.000), visual selective attention (p=0.021), speed of switching of attention (p=0.001), visual selective attention/multiple choices (p=0.010) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) as well (p=0.001). Conclusion: Both C-BCT and PPCT are beneficial for people with aMCImd concerning cognitive functions. However, the administration of a traditional PPCT program seems to affect a greater range of cognitive abilities and transfer the primary cognitive benefit in real life.
Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for analysis of sputum collected from patients with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation and subsequent exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) require antimicrobial treatment. But since multiple morphotypes and other Gram-negative bacteria with different antibiotic susceptibilities are often isolated inside the same sputum sample, bacteriological analysis is difficult.


METHODS
To simplify this analysis, we explored a direct sputum antimicrobial susceptibility testing (DSST) method by applying E test directly on plates inoculated with the sputum. A total of 316 samples collected from CF patients were analysed and compared with standard procedures (SP) for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all Gram-negative bacterial species.


RESULTS
DSST was as efficient as SP to detect P. aeruginosa including the mucoid morphotype in monomicrobial specimen, but was less sensible to detect all Gram-negative bacteria present in the same sample. It allowed the direct reading of the MIC inhibiting all Gram-negative bacteria. Agreements between these global MICs with the cumulative antibiotics susceptibility of all Gram-negative bacteria measured by SP were excellent for tobramycin and imipenem (>96%) and satisfactory for ticarcillin, ceftazidime, aztreonam and ciprofloxacin (90.4% to 94.3%). In conclusion, the DSST method is an efficient and easy antibiotic susceptibility testing method.
Low-complexity color demosaicing algorithm based on integrated gradients

bstract. Color demosaicing is critical for digital cameras, because t converts a Bayer sensor mosaic output to a full color image, which etermines the output image quality of the camera. In this work, an fficient decision-based demosaicing method is presented. This ethod exploits a new edge-sensing measure called integrated graient (IG) to effectively extract gradient information in both color ntensity and color difference domains simultaneously. This meaure is reliable and supports full resolution, which allows one to nterpolate the missing samples along an appropriate direction and ence directly improves the demosaicing performance. By sharing it n different demosaicing stages to guide the interpolation of various olor planes, it guarantees the consistency of the interpolation direcion in different color channels and saves the effort required to reeatedly extract gradient information from intermediate interpolation esults at different stages. An IG-based green plane enhancement is lso proposed to further improve the method’s efficiency. Simulation esults confirm that the proposed demosaicing method outperforms p-to-date demosaicing methods in terms of output quality at a comlexity of around 80 arithmetic operations per pixel. © 2010 SPIE and S&T. DOI: 10.1117/1.3432484
Optimisation of biological and physical parameters for lycopene supercritical CO2 extraction from ordinary and high-pigment tomato cultivars.

BACKGROUND
Lycopene is used for several industrial applications. Supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2)) extraction from red-ripe tomato fruits is an excellent technique to replace the use of harmful solvents. In this study, starting from red-ripe tomatoes of ordinary and high-lycopene cultivars, the effect of different agronomical and technical aspects on lycopene content, stability and yield was evaluated throughout the production process from fresh tomatoes to the final SC-CO(2)-extracted oleoresin containing lycopene.


RESULTS
Red-ripe tomato cultivars differed in their lycopene content. Irrigation excess or deficit caused an increase in the amount of lycopene in the fruits. Fresh tomatoes were processed into a lyophilised matrix suitable for SC-CO(2) extraction, which could be stored for more than 6 months at -20 degrees C without lycopene loss. Under the optimal extraction conditions, efficiencies of up to 80% were achieved, but the recovery of lycopene in the extracted oleoresin was very low (approximately 24%). Co-extraction of the tomato matrix mixed with a lipid co-matrix allowed the recovery of approximately 90% of lycopene in the oleoresin. Using the high-lycopene cultivars, the yield of total extracted lycopene increased by approximately 60% with respect to the ordinary cultivars. Lipids and other biologically active molecules were present in the oleoresin.


CONCLUSION
A method for extracting, from a tomato matrix, a natural and solvent-free oleoresin containing lycopene dissolved in a highly unsaturated vegetable oil has been described. The oleoresin represents an excellent product for testing on cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Approximate Direct and Reverse Nearest Neighbor Queries, and the k-nearest Neighbor Graph

Retrieving the \emph{k-nearest neighbors} of a query object is a basic primitive in similarity searching. A related, far less explored primitive is to obtain the dataset elements which would have the query object within their own \emph{k}-nearest neighbors, known as the \emph{reverse k-nearest neighbor} query. We already have indices and algorithms to solve \emph{k}-nearest neighbors queries in general metric spaces; yet, in many cases of practical interest they degenerate to sequential scanning. The naive algorithm for reverse \emph{k}-nearest neighbor queries has quadratic complexity, because the \emph{k}-nearest neighbors of all the dataset objects must be found; this is too expensive. Hence, when solving these primitives we can tolerate trading correctness in the solution for searching time. In this paper we propose an efficient approximate approach to solve these similarity queries with high retrieval rate. Then, we show how to use our approximate \emph{k}-nearest neighbor queries to construct (an approximation of) the \emph{k-nearest neighbor graph} when we have a fixed dataset. Finally, combining both primitives we show how to \emph{dynamically maintain} the approximate \emph{k}-nearest neighbor graph of the objects currently stored within the metric dataset, that is, considering both object insertions and deletions.
Phase 2 study of carfilzomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction/consolidation therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

This multicenter phase 2 study of the European Myeloma Network investigated the combination of carfilzomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (KTd) as induction/consolidation therapy for transplant-eligible patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma (N = 91). During KTd induction therapy, patients received 4 cycles of carfilzomib 20/27 mg/m(2) (n = 50), 20/36 mg/m(2) (n = 20), 20/45 mg/m(2) (n = 21), or 20/56 mg/m(2) (n = 20) on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of a 28-day cycle; thalidomide 200 mg on days 1 to 28; and dexamethasone 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. After autologous stem cell transplantation, patients proceeded to KTd consolidation therapy, where the target doses of carfilzomib were 27 mg/m(2), 36 mg/m(2), 45 mg/m(2), or 56 mg/m(2), respectively, and thalidomide 50 mg. Common grade 3/4 adverse events included respiratory (15%), gastrointestinal (12%), and skin disorders (10%); polyneuropathy was infrequent (1%). Complete response rates after induction and consolidation treatment were 25% and 63%, respectively; rates of very good partial response or better after induction and consolidation were 68% and 89%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 23 months, the 36-month progression-free survival rate was 72%. The KTd induction and consolidation regimens were active, safe, and well tolerated. This study was registered at http://www.trialregister.nl as #NTR2422.
Managing and Mining Uncertain Data

In recent years, uncertain data has become ubiquitous because of new technologies for collecting data which can only measure and collect the data in an imprecise way. Furthermore, many technologies such as privacy-preserving data mining create data which is inherently uncertain in nature. As a result there is a need for tools and techniques for mining and managing uncertain data. This chapter discusses the broad outline of the book and the methods used for various uncertain data applications.
Oral bisphosphonates as a cause of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: clinical findings, assessment of risks, and preventive strategies.

PURPOSE
Oral bisphosphonates are known to have potentially profound effects on oral health. A review of the evidence supporting answers to key clinical questions is necessary to assist surgeons in the care of their patients who are receiving oral bisphosphonates.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature is reviewed to address several questions, ie, what is the risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) in my patient on oral bisphosphonates? Why are so few cases of BRONJ attributable to oral bisphosphonate use? What is the importance of cofactors in the development of osteonecrosis? How major a clinical problem is BRONJ, typically, in the oral bisphosphonate patient? What dental procedures are associated with a risk of BRONJ? Are other findings apart from BRONJ of importance in the oral bisphosphonate patient? Are there proven strategies to prevent BRONJ in the oral bisphosphonate patient? Should my patient discontinue the use of oral bisphosphonates temporarily or permanently?


RESULTS
A review of the evidence offers information that will help in clinical decision-making. In general, the risk of BRONJ is between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 100,000, but may increase to 1 in 300 after dental extraction. The great majority of BRONJ cases will likely remain in the intravenous population. Cofactors have not been firmly established, although smoking, steroid use, anemia, hypoxemia, diabetes, infection, and immune deficiency may be important. Rarely does BRONJ in the oral bisphosphonate patient appear to progress beyond stage 2, and many cases reverse with discontinuation of oral medication. Extraction is the only dental procedure shown to increase the risk of BRONJ. Dental implant therapy should be used with caution in the oral bisphosphonate patient. The benefits and risks of oral bisphosphonate use must be weighed individually and in consultation with the prescribing physician, before determining the need for temporary or permanent cessation of medication.


CONCLUSION
Emerging evidence supports clinical decisions in favor of the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient taking oral bisphosphonates.
Mutation screening of the TPO gene in a cohort of 192 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism

OBJECTIVES
Defects in the human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene are reported to be one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to dyshormonogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the TPO mutation spectrum and prevalence among patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and to define the relationships between TPO genotypes and clinical phenotypes.


METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 192 patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. All exons of the 10 common CH-associated genes including TPO together with their exon-intron boundaries were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The effect of the novel TPO mutation was investigated by 'in silico' studies.


RESULTS
NGS analysis of TPO in 192 patients with CH revealed 3 different variations in 2 individuals (2/192, 1%). Sequencing other CH candidate genes in the patients with TPO variants revealed that patient 1 was homozygous for c.2422delT TPO mutation combined with double heterozygous DUOX2 pathogenic variants (p.R683L/p.L1343F) and patient 2 was triallelic for TPO pathogenic variants (p.R648Q/p.T561M/p.T561M). The present study identified a novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M; and four known mutations: c.2422delT/p.C808Afs×24 and c.1943C>T/p.R648Q in TPO, c.2048G>T/p.R683L and c.4027C>T/p.L1343F in DUOX2.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicated that the prevalence of TPO mutations was 1% among studied Chinese patients with CH. More than two variations in one or more CH-associated genes can be found in a single patient, and may, in combination, affect the phenotype of the individual. A novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M was found, thereby expanding the mutational spectrum of the gene.
Tapering off long-term benzodiazepine use with or without group cognitive-behavioural therapy: three-condition, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Benzodiazepine withdrawal programmes have never been experimentally compared with a nonintervention control condition.


AIMS
To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of tapering off long-term benzodiazepine use in general practice, and to evaluate the value of additional group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).


METHOD
A 3-month randomised, 3-month controlled trial was conducted in which 180 people attempting to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use were assigned to tapering off plus group CBT, tapering off alone or usual care.


RESULTS
Tapering off led to a significantly higher proportion of successful discontinuations than usual care (62% nu. 21%). Adding group CBT did not increase the success rate (58% v. 62%). Neither successful discontinuation nor intervention type affected psychological functioning. Both tapering strategies showed good feasibilityin general practice.


CONCLUSIONS
Tapering off is a feasible and effective way of discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine use in general practice. The addition of group CBT is of limited value.
Training of reaching in stroke survivors with severe and chronic upper limb paresis using a novel nonrobotic device: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Severe upper limb paresis is a major contributor to disability after stroke. This study investigated the efficacy of a new nonrobotic training device, the Sensorimotor Active Rehabilitation Training (SMART) Arm, that was used with or without electromyography-triggered electrical stimulation of triceps brachii to augment elbow extension, permitting stroke survivors with severe paresis to practice a constrained reaching task.


METHODS
A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 42 stroke survivors with severe and chronic paresis. Thirty-three participants completed the study, of whom 10 received training using the SMART Arm with electromyography-triggered electrical stimulation, 13 received training using the SMART Arm alone, and 10 received no intervention (control). Training consisted of 12 1-hour sessions over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was "upper arm function," item 6 of the Motor Assessment Scale. Secondary outcome measures included impairment measures; triceps muscle strength, reaching force, modified Ashworth scale; and activity measures: reaching distance and Motor Assessment Scale. Assessments were administered before (0 weeks) and after training (4 weeks) and at 2 months follow-up (12 weeks).


RESULTS
Both SMART Arm groups demonstrated significant improvements in all impairment and activity measures after training and at follow-up. There was no significant difference between these 2 groups. There was no change in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that training of reaching using the SMART Arm can reduce impairment and improve activity in stroke survivors with severe and chronic upper limb paresis, highlighting the benefits of intensive task-oriented practice, even in the context of severe paresis.
Question Answering Using Deep Learning

With advances in deep learning, neural network variants are becoming the dominant architecture for many NLP tasks. In this project, we apply several deep learning approaches to question answering, with a focus on the bAbI dataset.
Power system voltage stability monitoring using artificial neural networks with a reduced set of inputs

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach for online monitoring of a voltage stability margin (VSM) in electric power systems. The VSM is calculated by estimating the distance from the current operation state to the maximum voltage stability limit point according to the system loading parameter. Using the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process along with an ANN-based sensitivity technique, an efficient feature selection method is proposed to find the fewest input variables required to approximate the VSM with sufficient accuracy and high execution speed. Many algorithms have already been proposed in the literature for voltage stability assessment (VSA) using neural networks; however, the main drawback of the previously published works is that they need to train a new neural network when a change in the power system topology (configuration) occurs. Therefore, the possibility of employing a single ANN for estimating the VSM for several system configurations is investigated in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the dynamic models of the New England 39-bus and the southern/eastern (SE) Australian power systems. The results obtained indicate that the proposed scheme provides a compact and efficient ANN model that can successfully and accurately estimate the VSM considering different system configurations as well as operating conditions, employing the fewest possible input features. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Geometry-Consistent Adversarial Networks for One-Sided Unsupervised Domain Mapping

Unsupervised domain mapping aims to learn a function to translate domain X to Y by a function GXY in the absence of paired examples. Finding the optimal GXY without paired data is an ill-posed problem, so appropriate constraints are required to obtain reasonable solutions. One of the most prominent constraints is cycle consistency, which enforces the translated image by GXY to be translated back to the input image by an inverse mapping GY X . While cycle consistency requires the simultaneous training of GXY and GY X , recent studies have shown that one-sided domain mapping can be achieved by preserving pairwise distances between images. Although cycle consistency and distance preservation successfully constrain the solution space, they overlook the special properties of images that simple geometric transformations do not change the image’s semantic structure. Based on this special property, we develop a geometry-consistent generative adversarial network (GcGAN), which enables one-sided unsupervised domain mapping. GcGAN takes the original image and its counterpart image transformed by a predefined geometric transformation as inputs and generates two images in the new domain coupled with the corresponding geometry-consistency constraint. The geometryconsistency constraint reduces the space of possible solutions while keep the correct solutions in the search space. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons with the baseline (GAN alone) and the state-of-the-art methods including CycleGAN [62] and DistanceGAN [5] demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.