LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Staffing a software project: A constraint satisfaction and optimization-based approach

Software development is a people intensive activity. The abilities possessed by developers are strongly related to process productivity and final product quality. Thus, one of the most important decisions to be made by a software project manager is how to properly staff the project. However, staffing software projects is not a simple task. There are many alternatives to ponder, several developer-to-activity combinations to evaluate, and the manager may have to choose a team from a larger set of available developers, according to the project and organizational needs. Therefore, to perform the staffing activity with ad hoc procedures can be very difficult and can lead the manager to choose a team that is not the best for a given situation. This work presents an optimization-based approach to support staffing a software project. The staffing problem is modeled and solved as a constraint satisfaction problem. Our approach takes into account the characteristics of the project activities, the available human resources, and constraints established by the software development organization. According to these needs, the project manager selects a utility function to be maximized or minimized by the optimizer. We propose several utility functions, each addressing values that can be sought by the development organization. A decision support tool was implemented and used in an experimental study executed to evaluate the relevance of the proposed approach. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Computer literacy: essential in today's computer-centric world

Computer literacy is a fundamental part of undergraduate curriculum today. Computer literacy is as basic to undergraduate students as the course work in core curriculum in today's computer-centric information age [6]. The number of computers-in-use worldwide is growing, especially in the developing countries [3]. Computers affect every facet of our lives and every sector of the global society. Employers prefer workers who are computer literate because they are more productive and efficient at work than those who are not computer literate. This paper focuses on computer literacy and its benefits to people of all ages -- children, teenagers, adults and seniors. I also describe the implementation of computer competency requirement at Belmont Abbey College and the process students follow to satisfy this requirement in order to graduate.
RPN-6 determines C. elegans longevity under proteotoxic stress conditions

Organisms that protect their germ-cell lineages from damage often do so at considerable cost: limited metabolic resources become partitioned away from maintenance of the soma, leaving the ageing somatic tissues to navigate survival amid an environment containing damaged and poorly functioning proteins. Historically, experimental paradigms that limit reproductive investment result in lifespan extension. We proposed that germline-deficient animals might exhibit heightened protection from proteotoxic stressors in somatic tissues. We find that the forced re-investment of resources from the germ line to the soma in Caenorhabditis elegans results in elevated somatic proteasome activity, clearance of damaged proteins and increased longevity. This activity is associated with increased expression of rpn-6, a subunit of the 19S proteasome, by the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Ectopic expression of rpn-6 is sufficient to confer proteotoxic stress resistance and extend lifespan, indicating that rpn-6 is a candidate to correct deficiencies in age-related protein homeostasis disorders.
Quantitative assessment of TV white space in India

Licensed but unutilized television (TV) band spectrum is called as TV white space in the literature. Ultra high frequency (UHF) TV band spectrum has very good wireless radio propagation characteristics. The amount of TV white space in the UHF TV band in India is of interest. Comprehensive quantitative assessment and estimates for the TV white space in the 470-590 MHz band for four zones of India (all except north) are presented in this work. This is the first effort in India to estimate TV white spaces in a comprehensive manner. The average available TV white space per unit area in these four zones is calculated using two methods: (i) the primary (licensed) user and secondary (unlicensed) user point of views; and, (ii) the regulations of Federal Communications Commission in the United States. By both methods, the average available TV white space in the UHF TV band is shown to be more than 100 MHz! A TV transmitter frequency reassignment algorithm is also described. Based on spatial-reuse ideas, a TV channel frequency allocation scheme is presented which results in insignificant interference to the TV receivers while using the smallest bandwidth for existing transmission across the four zones. In the proposed reassignment, it is found that four TV band channels (or 32 MHz) are sufficient to provide the existing UHF TV band coverage in India.
RESERVOIR: Management technologies and requirements for next generation Service Oriented Infrastructures

RESERVOIR project [16] is developing an advanced system and service management approach that will serve as the infrastructure for Cloud Computing and Communications and Future Internet of Services by creative coupling of service virtualization, grid computing, networking and service management techniques. This paper presents work in progress for the integration and management of such systems into a new generation of Managed Service Infrastructure.
Experience of a pediatric HIV clinic in Guatemala City.

OBJECTIVES
To describe the clinical experience of a Guatemalan pediatric HIV clinic and referral center, and fill the gap in literature available on pediatric HIV in Guatemala, a country facing a growing HIV epidemic.


METHODS
Analyses were performed on data available from the clinical databases maintained by the Clínica Familiar Luis Angel García within the Hospital General San Juan de Dios in Guatemala City, Guatemala.


RESULTS
From January 1997-June 2006, a total of 536 children (individuals under 13 years of age) were registered at the clinic, 54% of them female. At the initial visit, 241 were known to be HIV infected, while 295 were known to have been exposed to HIV, but were of undetermined infection status. Of the 295 with undetermined status, serostatus was determined in 173, and 57 (33%) were HIV positive. The patients came from all 24 departments of Guatemala, but the majority (64%) was from Guatemala City. Most had perinatal exposure; three patients had been sexually exposed to HIV (all male); and the mode of infection could not be determined for six children. In the cohort of children whose infection status was initially undetermined, the provision of antiretroviral (ARV) medication (both pre- and neonatal), in addition to Cesarean section, was associated with an odds ratio of 0.06 for HIV infection (P < 0.001) when compared to children who had no interventions. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was administered to 167 HIV-infected children. There were 44 known deaths in this cohort; no deaths occurred among the children who were not infected.


CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric HIV/AIDS is present in all parts of Guatemala. Programs to prevent mother to child transmission and to provide appropriate treatment to families living with HIV/AIDS must be a public health priority.
Regional variation in patient risk factors and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND
Geographic variations in patient risk factors and operative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery have not been well studied.


METHODS
Using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database, a retrospective cohort study was performed of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery from 2004 to 2007 (n = 504,608). Records were sorted into four major geographic regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) and compared with respect to patient risk profiles and outcomes. Using marginal and hierarchical logistic regression, risk-adjusted operative mortality rates were compared across regions and variation assessed within regions, states and hospital referral regions.


RESULTS
Patient risk profiles in the Northeast and West appeared similar, as did profiles in the Midwest and South. Risk-adjusted mortality rates were as follows: Northeast 1.63%, Midwest 2.01%, South 2.25%, and West 1.82%. Compared with the Northeast, mortality rates in the Midwest and South were higher, with the following odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): Midwest 1.26 (1.12 to 1.42), South 1.44 (1.27 to 1.62), and West 1.12 (0.98 to 1.28). Major geographic regions accounted for 16.5% of the variation observed in mortality rates; states and hospital referral regions accounted for 17.8% and 65.7%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Variations in absolute coronary artery bypass graft surgery mortality rates across large regions were subtle, although rates within the Northeast were comparatively lower. Most of the variation was seen at the hospital referral region level. Given that geographic location has not been routinely incorporated into statistical risk model predictions, additional research appears warranted to identify regional "best care" practices and to advance nationwide improvements in cardiac surgical patient outcomes.
An information security knowledge sharing model in organizations

Knowledge sharing plays an important role in the domain of information security, due to its positive effect on employees' information security awareness. It is acknowledged that security awareness is the most important factor that mitigates the risk of information security breaches in organizations. In this research, a model has been presented that shows how information security knowledge sharing (ISKS) forms and decreases the risk of information security incidents. The Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior besides Triandis model were applied as the theoretical backbone of the conceptual framework. The results of the data analysis showed that earning a reputation, and gaining promotion as an extrinsic motivation and curiosity satisfaction as an intrinsic motivation have positive effects on employees' attitude toward ISKS. However, self-worth satisfaction does not influence ISKS attitude. In addition, the findings revealed that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms have positive effects on ISKS intention and ISKS intention affects ISKS behavior. The outcomes also showed that organizational support influences ISKS behavior more than trust. The results of this research should be of interest to academics and practitioners in the domain of information security. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Clueless-and oblivious

Software organizations look at their own achievements in different ways depending on how much they actually know. In other words, people (and organizations) that aren't too good at what they do often don't realize it by virtue of the fact that they aren't too good at what they do. Warren Harrison ties the findings from psychology research to the software development world.
Altered gene expression correlates with DNA structure.

We examined the participation of triplex DNA structure in gene regulation using a poly(dG)-poly(dC) sequence as a model. We show that a poly(dG)-poly(dC) sequence, which can adopt an intramolecular dG.dG.dC triplex under superhelical strain, strongly augments gene expression when placed 5' to a promoter. The activity of this sequence exhibits a striking length dependency: dG tracts of 27-30 bp augment the expression of a reporter gene to a level comparable to that observed with the polyoma enhancer in mouse LTK- cells, whereas tracts of 35 bp and longer have virtually no effect. A supercoiled plasmid containing a dG tract of 30 bp competes in vivo for a trans-acting factor as revealed by reduction in the reporter gene transcription driven by the (dG)29/promoter of the test plasmid, while dGs of 35 bp and longer in the competition plasmid failed to compete. In purified supercoiled plasmid DNA at a superhelical density of -0.05, dG tracts of 32 bp and longer form a triplex, whereas those of 30 bp and shorter remain double-stranded under a PBS solution. These results suggest that a localized superhelical strain can exist, at least transiently, in mouse LTK- cells, and before being relaxed by topoisomerases this rapidly induces dG tracts of 35 bp and longer to adopt a triplex preventing the factor from binding. Thus, these data suggest that a poly(dG)-poly(dC) sequence can function as a negative regulator by adopting an intramolecular triple helix structure in vivo.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 3-o-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C ethyl).

Skin-lightening agents such as kojic acid, arbutin, ellagic acid, lucinol and 5,5′-dipropylbiphenyl-2,2′-diol are used in ‘anti-ageing’ cosmetics. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by these skin-lightening agents have been reported (1, 2). Vitamin C and its derivatives have also been used in cosmetics as skin-lightening agents for a long time. Vitamin C in topical agents is poorly absorbed through the skin, and is easily oxidized after percutaneous absorption. Recently, ascorbic acid derivatives have been developed with enhanced properties. The ascorbic acid derivative 3-o-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid (CAS no. 86404-048, molecular weight 204.18; Fig. 1), also known as vitamin C ethyl, is chemically stable and is more easily absorbed through the skin than the other vitamin C derivatives. Moreover, 3-o-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid has skinlightening properties. Here, we report a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a skin-lightening lotion containing 3-o-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid.
Proteomic insights into extracellular vesicle biology - defining exosomes and shed microvesicles.

INTRODUCTION
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication, capable of regulating the transcriptional landscape of target cells through horizontal transmission of biological information, such as proteins, lipids, and RNA species. This capability highlights their potential as novel targets for disease intervention. Areas covered: This review focuses on the emerging importance of discovery proteomics (high-throughput, unbiased quantitative protein identification) and targeted proteomics (hypothesis-driven quantitative protein subset analysis) mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategies in EV biology, especially exosomes and shed microvesicles. Expert commentary: Recent advances in MS hardware, workflows, and informatics provide comprehensive, quantitative protein profiling of EVs and EV-treated target cells. This information is seminal to understanding the role of EV subtypes in cellular crosstalk, especially when integrated with other 'omics disciplines, such as RNA analysis (e.g., mRNA, ncRNA). Moreover, high-throughput MS-based proteomics promises to provide new avenues in identifying novel markers for detection, monitoring, and therapeutic intervention of disease.
Semi-Implicit Runge-Kutta Schemes for non-autonomous differential equations in reactive flow computations

This paper is concerned with time-stepping numerical methods for computing stiff semi-discrete systems of ordinary differential equations for transient hypersonic flows with thermo-chemical nonequilibrium. The stiffness of the equations is mainly caused by the viscous flux terms across the boundary layers and by the source terms modeling finite-rate thermo-chemical processes. Implicit methods are needed to treat the stiff terms while more efficient explicit methods can still be used for the nonstiff terms in the equations. For additively split autonomous differential equations in the form of u' = f ( u ) + g(u), three different semiimplicit Runge-Kutta methods have been derived and tested in previous papers, where / is treated by explicit Runge-Kutta methods and g is simultaneously treated by three implicit Runge-Kutta methods. The coefficients of up to third-order accuracy have been derived such that the methods are both high-order accurate and strongly A-stable for the implicit terms. However, these semi-implicit Runge-Kutta methods for the autonomous systems cannot be extended to nonautonomous systems of u' = f ( t , u) + g(t, u) because of the coupling between the / and g terms in the split Runge-Kutta methods. In this paper, we derive and test three different semi-implicit Runge-Kutta schemes of up to third-order accuracy for the non-autonomous differential equations using the A-stability and accuracy conditions with four stages. The new schemes have been tested in computations of unsteady reactive flows with explicit time-dependent terms.
Hydrotherapy versus conventional land-based exercise for the management of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrotherapy in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee compared with subjects with OA of the knee who performed land-based exercises.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Sixty-four subjects with OA of the knee were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that performed exercises for 18 weeks: a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group. The outcome measures included a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain in the previous week, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), pain during gait assessed by a VAS at rest and immediately following a 50-foot (15.24-m) walk test (50FWT), walking time measured at fast and comfortable paces during the 50FWT, and the Lequesne Index. Measurements were recorded by a blinded investigator at baseline and at 9 and 18 weeks after initiating the intervention.


RESULTS
The 2 groups were homogenous regarding all parameters at baseline. Reductions in pain and improvements in WOMAC and Lequesne index scores were similar between groups. Pain before and after the 50FWT decreased significantly over time in both groups. However, the water-based exercise group experienced a significantly greater decrease in pain than the land-based exercise group before and after the 50FWT at the week-18 follow-up.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Both water-based and land-based exercises reduced knee pain and increased knee function in participants with OA of the knee. Hydrotherapy was superior to land-based exercise in relieving pain before and after walking during the last follow-up. Water-based exercises are a suitable and effective alternative for the management of OA of the knee.
Brain ontogeny and life history in Pleistocene hominins.

A high level of encephalization is critical to the human adaptive niche and emerged among hominins over the course of the past 2 Myr. Evolving larger brains required important adaptive adjustments, in particular regarding energy allocation and life history. These adaptations included a relatively small brain at birth and a protracted growth of highly dependent offspring within a complex social environment. In turn, the extended period of growth and delayed maturation of the brain structures of humans contribute to their cognitive complexity. The current palaeoanthropological evidence shows that, regarding life history and brain ontogeny, the Pleistocene hominin taxa display different patterns and that one cannot simply contrast an 'ape-model' to a 'human-model'. Large-brained hominins such as Upper Pleistocene Neandertals have evolved along their own evolutionary pathway and can be distinguished from modern humans in terms of growth pattern and brain development. The life-history pattern and brain ontogeny of extant humans emerged only recently in the course of human evolution.
Effect of Security Increment to Symmetric Data Encryption through AES Methodology

The selective application of technological and related procedural safeguards is an important responsibility of every organization in providing adequate security to its electronic data systems. Protection of data during transmission or while in storage may be necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information represented by the data. The algorithm uniquely defines the mathematical steps required to transform data into a cryptographic cipher and also to transform the cipher back to the original form. Data encryptions standard (DES) use 64 bits block size as well as 64 bits key size that are vulnerable to brute-force, attack. But for both efficiency and security, a larger block size is desirable. The advanced encryption standard (AES,) that uses 128 bit block size as well as 128 bits key size was introduced by NIST In this paper, we showed the effect in security increment through AES methodology. To do this, we propose an algorithm which is higher secure than Rijndael algorithm (by comparing the key size) but less efficient than that. The difference of efficiency between Rijndael and our propose algorithm is very negligible. We explain all this term in this paper.
Tabalumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to TNF inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tabalumab, a monoclonal antibody that neutralises membrane-bound and soluble B-cell activating factor (BAFF), in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who showed inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.


METHODS
Patients on stable methotrexate and with inadequate response to one or more TNF inhibitors were randomised to placebo (n=35), 30 mg tabalumab (n=35) or 80 mg tabalumab (n=30) given intravenously at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology 50% response (ACR50) at week 16 (all tabalumab-treated patients vs placebo).


RESULTS
At week 16, no significant differences were observed in the combined tabalumab group versus placebo in ACR50 (12.7% vs 2.9%, p=0.101) or ACR20 response rates (27.0% vs 17.1%, p=0.198). However, significant differences between the combined tabalumab group and placebo were observed at earlier time points for ACR20, ACR50 and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)-C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were similar with 30 mg tabalumab (65.7%), 80 mg tabalumab (76.7%) and placebo (71.4%), although certain events occurred more often with tabalumab than placebo (eg, infection, anaemia and gastrointestinal events). Serious AEs occurred in two (6.7%) patients receiving 80 mg tabalumab and three (8.6%) receiving placebo, with one serious infection in the placebo group. Initial increases in total and mature B cells were followed by progressive decreases, despite declines in serum tabalumab.


CONCLUSIONS
At week 16, the primary end point was not achieved, but an indication of efficacy was observed at earlier time points. Safety findings for tabalumab were consistent with other biological RA therapies.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT00689728.