LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
European allergen extract units and potency: review of available information.

BACKGROUND
There is considerable variability in how allergen extract potency is measured and reported worldwide. In Europe, where many sublingual immunotherapy studies have been conducted, manufacturers report allergen extract potency as units based on an in-house reference, making it difficult to understand the exact doses used and to compare studies.


OBJECTIVES
To describe the various methods of expressing extract potency that European allergen extract manufacturers use and to gather reports on the micrograms of major allergen of the in-house units of European allergen extract manufacturers.


METHODS
Information was derived from 3 sources: data on extract potency in micrograms of major allergen in articles on sublingual immunotherapy found by PubMed (references through October 2005) and in reference articles, brochures on allergen extracts from the manufacturers, and information provided by structured questionnaires e-mailed to the manufacturers.


RESULTS
All but 1 of the European allergen extract manufacturers use in-house reference standards that are based on titrated skin prick testing of allergic patients. Subsequently, in vitro tests compare the potency of commercial batches with the in-house reference and potency is assigned as arbitrary units. Most manufacturers measure major allergen content of their standardized products but do not release this information with the package insert. Diversity in major allergen content was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Micrograms of major allergens given in articles on sublingual immunotherapy to express the dose administered cannot be used to translate the dose to US extracts. Extract potency can only be compared if uniform test methods and reference extracts are used.
The Part-Time Pay Penalty

In 2003, women working part-time in the UK earned, on average, 22% less than women working full-time. Compared to women who work FT, PT women are more likely to have low levels of education, to be in a couple, to have young and numerous children, to work in small establishments in distribution, hotels and restaurants and in low-level occupations. Taking account of these differences, the PT penalty for identical women doing the same job is estimated to be about 10% if one does not take account of differences in the occupations of FT and PT women and 3% if one does. The occupational segregation of PT and FT women can explain most of the aggregate PT pay penalty. In particular, women who move from FT to PT work are much more likely to change employer and/or occupation than those who maintain their hours status. And, when making this transition, they tend to make a downward occupational move, evidence that many women working PT are not making full use of their skills and experience. Women working PT in the other EU countries have similar problems to the UK but the UK has the highest PT pay penalty and one of the worst problems in enabling women to move between FT and PT work without occupational demotions. At the same time, PT work in the UK carries a higher job satisfaction premium (or a lower job satisfaction penalty) than in most other countries. Policy initiatives in recent years like the National Minimum Wage, the Part-Time Workers Regulations and the Right to Request Flexible Working appear to have had little impact on the PT pay penalty as yet although it is too early to make a definitive assessment of the full impact of some of these regulations. The most effective way to reduce the PT pay penalty would be to strengthen rights for women to move between FT and PT work without losing their current job.
Prospective study of patients presenting with acute partial transverse myelopathy

The clinical and radiological characteristics of myelopathy in multiple sclerosis (MS) are relatively well known. Nevertheless, it remains difficult for the clinician to ascertain conversion to MS after a first episode of acute partial transverse myelopathy (APTM). The aims of this study were to define predictive factors for conversion to clinically definite MS after an APTM and to define predictive factors for disease severity. Between 1994 and 2001, we prospectively included 55 patients presenting with a first episode of APTM. Three patients were lost during the follow-up. We evaluated clinical signs, spinal cord and brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and visual evoked potentials on admission.After a mean followup of 35 months (range 12–86), we evaluated the diagnosis and, among the MS group, the severity of the disease. Of the 52 APTM patients who completed the study, 30 became clinically definite MS. The predictive factors for conversion to MS were: initial sensory symptoms, latero-posterior spinal cord lesion, abnormal brain MRI and oligoclonal bands in CSF. In the MS group, the number of spinal cord lesions on MRI was the only predictive factor for a poor outcome, being statistically correlated with a higher number of relapses. On the basis of our results, we propose that, in patients with APTM, sensory symptoms, oligoclonal bands and brain MRI are predictive factors for subsequent conversion to clinically definite MS and that within the latter patients the number of spinal cord lesions on MRI is the only predictive factor for a poor outcome.
A phase I study of continuous oral dosing of OSI-906, a dual inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE
OSI-906 is a potent inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). The purpose of this study was to determine the MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary activity of OSI-906 in patients with advanced solid tumors.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was a nonrandomized, open-label, phase I, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. The study also included a diabetic expansion cohort and a biomarker expansion cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Patients were treated with OSI-906 by once- or twice-daily continuous dosing schedules.


RESULTS
Of 95 patients enrolled in the study, 86 received at least one dose of OSI-906. Dose-limiting toxicities included QTc prolongation, grade 2 abdominal pain and nausea, hyperglycemia, and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (all grade 3). The MTDs were established to be 400 mg once daily and 150 mg twice daily. The recommended phase II dose was determined as 150 mg twice daily. OSI-906 was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 5 hours, and steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved by day 8. Pharmacodynamic effects on IGF1R and IR phosphorylation were levels observed and correlated with plasma concentrations of OSI-906. Thirty-one patients had stable disease as their best response. One patient with melanoma had a radiographic partial response and underwent resection, during which only melanocytic debris but no viable tumor tissue was identified.


CONCLUSIONS
At the established MTD, OSI-906 was well tolerated and antitumor activity was observed. These results support further evaluation of OSI-906 in solid tumors.
What do outpatients with schizophrenia and mood disorders want to learn about their illness?

OBJECTIVE
Psychiatric patients currently have access to a plethora of information about their illness. However, little systematic research has explored what psychiatric patients would like to learn about their illness. This study addressed the knowledge gap by asking outpatients with schizophrenia and mood disorders what they wished to learn about their illness and how they preferred to learn this information.


METHODS
An exploratory survey of psychiatric outpatients was conducted between April 2011 and June 2012. A total of 202 outpatients with a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or related disorder (ICD-10 codes F20-F29) (N=106) or mood disorder (ICD-10 codes F30-F39) (N=96) were interviewed after routine meetings with their psychiatrist. Interviews were conducted with open- and closed-ended questions in outpatient clinics across East London, United Kingdom. Open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively, and closed-ended questions were analyzed quantitatively.


RESULTS
Over two-thirds of psychiatric outpatients (68%) reported that they would like to learn more about their illness. Overall, patients' wishes for learning were heterogeneous. However, both diagnostic groups ranked "the cause of the illness" as their top information need. Most patients preferred to learn through one-to-one conversations with their psychiatrist (schizophrenia, 92%; mood disorder, 84%).


CONCLUSIONS
In regard to educating patients about their illness, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Health care professionals need to be sensitive to individual learning preferences, which vary and can include group-based approaches. The results have implications for the training of psychiatrists. In particular, psychiatrists need to be equipped to address patients' questions about the cause of the illness.
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Logic, Language, Information and Computation, 15th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2008, Edinburgh, UK, July 1-4, 2008, Proceedings

Tutorials and Invited Lectures.- Inter-deriving Semantic Artifacts for Object-Oriented Programming.- On the Descriptive Complexity of Linear Algebra.- Talks on Quantum Computing.- On Game Semantics of the Affine and Intuitionistic Logics.- The Grammar of Scope.- Contributed Papers.- Conjunctive Grammars and Alternating Pushdown Automata.- Expressive Power and Decidability for Memory Logics.- Reasoning with Uncertainty by Nmatrix-Metric Semantics.- A Propositional Dynamic Logic for CCS Programs.- Towards Ontology Evolution in Physics.- Nominal Matching and Alpha-Equivalence.- Interval Additive Generators of Interval T-Norms.- Propositional Dynamic Logic as a Logic of Belief Revision.- Time Complexity and Convergence Analysis of Domain Theoretic Picard Method.- On the Formal Semantics of IF-Like Logics.- One-and-a-Halfth Order Terms: Curry-Howard and Incomplete Derivations.- Labelled Calculi for ?ukasiewicz Logics.- An Infinitely-Often One-Way Function Based on an Average-Case Assumption.- On Characteristic Constants of Theories Defined by Kolmogorov Complexity.- Adversary Lower Bounds for Nonadaptive Quantum Algorithms.- On Second-Order Monadic Groupoidal Quantifiers.- Inference Processes for Quantified Predicate Knowledge.- Using ? -ctl to Specify Complex Planning Goals.- Hyperintensional Questions.- Skolem Theory and Generalized Quantifiers.- On a Graph Calculus for Algebras of Relations.
Effects of mirror neurons stimulation on motor skill rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy: a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to compare the motor function measured by Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) between mirror neurons stimulation based VCD program at home and conventional physical therapy in children with cerebral palsy for two months.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
A randomized controlled trial was performed with thirty children with spastic diplegia aged 2-10 years in Thammasat university hospital and Rajanukul institue. They were randomly assigned to receive either the mirror neurons stimulation based VCD program practice at home (experimental group) or the conventional physical therapy (control group) for two months. Both groups were measured the motor function by GMFM-66 at entry, the first month and the end of the second month. Analysis of covariance was used to compare mean changes of GMFM-66 scores between both groups at the second month after adjusted for the baseline level.


RESULTS
A total of 30 children with cerebral palsy, aged 2.2-9.5 years (mean age 5.9 +/- 2.2 years). The mean changes of the GMFM scores in experimental group were slightly higher than those in the control group of 2.1 (95% CI: -2.3, 6.5) at the second month after adjusted for the baseline level. The mean GMFM scores were significantly improved in all dimensions except lying and rolling dimension, at the first and second month when compared to the baseline level in both groups.


CONCLUSION
This pilot study demonstrated the mirror neurons stimulation based VCD program can improve motor function, at least, as much as the conventional physical therapy.
Augmenting FrameNet Via PPDB

FrameNet is a lexico-semantic dataset that embodies the theory of frame semantics. Like other semantic databases, FrameNet is incomplete. We augment it via the paraphrase database, PPDB, and gain a threefold increase in coverage at 65% precision.
Sustainable manufacturing: evaluation and modeling of environmental impacts in additive manufacturing.

Cleaner production and sustainability are of crucial importance in the field of manufacturing processes where great amounts of energy and materials are being consumed. Nowadays, additive manufacturing technologies such as Direct Additive Laser Manufacturing allow us to manufacture functional products with high added value. Insofar as environmental considerations become an important issue in our society, as well as legislation regarding environment become prominent (Normalization ISO 14 044), the environmental impact of those processes have to be evaluated in order to make easier its acceptance in the industrial world. Some studies have been conducted on electric consumption of machine tools (stand-by consumption, in process consumption, etc) but only a few studies take into account the whole existing environmental flows (material, fluids, electricity). This paper presents a new methodology where all flows consumed (material, fluids, electricity) are considered in the environmental impact assessment. This method coupled a global view required in a sustainable approach and an accurate evaluation of flows consumption in the machine. The methodology developed is based on a predictive model of flows consumption defined from the manufacturing path and CAD model of the part which will be produce. In order to get an accurate model of the process, each feature of the machine is modeled. The goal of this work is to integrate this model into the design loop for additive manufacturing parts.
Impact of age-related macular degeneration on vision-specific quality of life: Follow-up from the 10-year and 15-year visits of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.

PURPOSE
To assess vision-specific quality of life (QOL), based on abbreviated surveys derived from the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), in a cohort of United States women who participated in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.


DESIGN
Prospective, observational cohort study.


METHODS
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) status, based on a 3-level classification (no AMD, early AMD, late AMD), and vision-specific QOL, based on abbreviated NEI-VFQ surveys, were calculated for 1674 women enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at 4 centers within the United States who had gradable fundus photographs at both the 10-year and 15-year follow-up visits. The associations among 5-year changes in NEI-VFQ composite scores, change in AMD status, and distance visual acuity were examined.


RESULTS
Compared with study participants without AMD at both visits, study participants with late AMD at both visits and those who progressed from early AMD to late AMD demonstrated the greatest declines in adjusted NEI-VFQ composite scores, up to a mean decrease of 16.2 from a scale of 100. Visual acuity declines also were most prominent for patients with late AMD at both visits and for those who progressed from early AMD to late AMD. Change in visual acuity was found to correlate significantly with change in vision-specific QOL.


CONCLUSIONS
The abbreviated NEI-VFQ surveys provide reliable assessments of vision-specific QOL in AMD patients. The decline in vision-specific QOL associated with the progression of AMD is clinically meaningful.
Low cost smart security camera with night vision capability using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV

In order to further maintain peace and provide security to people now a day, Closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance system is being utilized. This study focused on the design and implementation of a low cost smart security camera with night vision capability using Raspberry Pi (RPI) and OpenCV. The system was designed to be used inside a warehouse facility. It has human detection and smoke detection capability that can provide precaution to potential crimes and potential fire. The credit card size Raspberry Pi (RPI) with Open Source Computer Vision (OpenCV) software handles the image processing, control algorithms for the alarms and sends captured pictures to user's email via Wi-Fi. As part of its alarm system, it will play the recorded sounds: “intruder” or “smoke detected” when there is a detection. The system uses ordinary webcam but its IR filter was removed in order to have night vision capability.
Effects of ACE inhibitors on cardiac angiotensin II and aldosterone in humans: "Relevance of lipophilicity and affinity for ACE".

BACKGROUND
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors differ in their lipophilic/hydrophilic index that determines their tissue bioavailability and affinity to ACE, which may result in major differences in the degree of blockade of cardiac ACE. We evaluated the hypothesis that in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and activated cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), lipophilic ACE inhibitors with high affinity for ACE (perindopril and quinapril) will cause marked blockade of cardiac angiotensin (Ang) II and aldosterone generation, but not a hydrophilic ACE inhibitor with low affinity for ACE (lisinopril).


METHODS
Patients were randomized to receive perindopril (8 mg/day), quinapril (40 mg/day), or lisinopril (20 mg/day) for 3-4 weeks before cardiac catheterization. The coronary sinus-aortic root gradients for Ang I and II, and aldosterone were determined.


RESULTS
A total of 19 patients completed the study. Compared to a healthy control group, all three ACE inhibitors decreased circulating Ang II and aldosterone to a similar extent. There were only minor differences between the three ACE inhibitors for the Ang II gradient between the coronary sinus and aortic root. The gradient for aldosterone tended to be positive in the quinapril group and absent/negative in the lisinopril and perindopril groups. Despite the lowest pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), gradients between the coronary sinus and aortic root for Ang II and aldosterone were actually the highest in the quinapril group.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings do not support the concept that a hydrophilic ACE inhibitor is less effective in blocking the cardiac RAAS as compared to lipophilic ACE inhibitors.
A prospective investigation into the effect of colchicine on tuberculous pericarditis

INTRODUCTION
Tuberculous (TB) pericarditis carries significant mortality and morbidity rates, not only during the primary infection, but also as part of the granulomatous scar-forming fibrocalcific constrictive pericarditis so commonly associated with this disease. Numerous therapies have previously been investigated as adjuvant strategies in the prevention of pericardial constriction. Colchicine is well described in the treatment of various aetiologies of pericarditis. The aim of this research was to investigate the merit for the use of colchicine in the management of tuberculous pericarditis, specifically to prevent constrictive pericarditis.


METHODS
This pilot study was designed as a prospective, double-blinded, randomised, control cohort study and was conducted at a secondary level hospital in the Northern Cape of South Africa between August 2013 and December 2015. Patients with a probable or definite diagnosis of TB pericarditis were included (n = 33). Study participants with pericardial effusions amenable to pericardiocentesis underwent aspiration until dryness. All patients were treated with standard TB treatment and corticosteroids in accordance with the South African Tuberculosis Treatment Guidelines. Patients were randomised to an intervention and control group using a web-based computer system that ensured assignment concealment. The intervention group received colchicine 1.0 mg per day for six weeks and the control group received a placebo for the same period. Patients were followed up with serial echocardiography for 16 weeks. The primary outcome assessed was the development of pericardial constriction. Upon completion of the research period, the blinding was unveiled and data were presented for statistical analysis.


RESULTS
TB pericarditis was found exclusively in HIV-positive individuals. The incidence of pericardial constriction in our cohort was 23.8%. No demonstrable benefit with the use of colchicine was found in terms of prevention of pericardial constriction (p = 0.88, relative risk 1.07, 95% CI: 0.46-2.46). Interestingly, pericardiocentesis appeared to decrease the incidence of pericardial constriction.


CONCLUSION
Based on this research, the use of colchicine in TB pericarditis cannot be advised. Adjuvant therapy in the prevention of pericardial constriction is still being investigated and routine pericardiocentesis may prove to be beneficial in this regard.
A survey of vision-based methods for action representation, segmentation and recognition

Action recognition has become a very important topic in computer vision, with many fundamental applications, in robotics, video surveillance, human–computer interaction, and multimedia retrieval among others and a large variety of approaches have been described. The purpose of this survey is to give an overview and categorization of the approaches used. We concentrate on approaches that aim on classification of full-body motions, such as kicking, punching, and waving, and we categorize them according to how they represent the spatial and temporal structure of actions; how they segment actions from an input stream of visual data; and how they learn a view-invariant representation of actions. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.