LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
New Avenues in Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

The Web holds valuable, vast, and unstructured information about public opinion. Here, the history, current use, and future of opinion mining and sentiment analysis are discussed, along with relevant techniques and tools.
TreeTalk: Composition and Compression of Trees for Image Descriptions

We present a new tree based approach to composing expressive image descriptions that makes use of naturally occuring web images with captions. We investigate two related tasks: image caption generalization and generation, where the former is an optional subtask of the latter. The high-level idea of our approach is to harvest expressive phrases (as tree fragments) from existing image descriptions, then to compose a new description by selectively combining the extracted (and optionally pruned) tree fragments. Key algorithmic components are tree composition and compression, both integrating tree structure with sequence structure. Our proposed system attains significantly better performance than previous approaches for both image caption generalization and generation. In addition, our work is the first to show the empirical benefit of automatically generalized captions for composing natural image descriptions.
Plasma biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis*.

OBJECTIVE
Numerous studies have focused on biomarkers for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although several biomarkers have been identified, their relative performance is unclear. We aim to provide a quantitative overview of plasma-derived biomarkers associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis or mortality.


DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE (inception to January 2012) and personal databases.


STUDY SELECTION
English-language studies on plasma biomarkers associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis or mortality.


DATA EXTRACTION
Demographic variables, plasma levels of biomarker, statistical data, acute respiratory distress syndrome occurrence, and mortality rates were retrieved. The methodological quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies score. Clinical outcomes included 1) diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the at-risk population and 2) mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. For each biomarker, pooled odds ratios for clinical outcome were calculated by meta-analysis, and biomarkers were ranked according to pooled odds ratio.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Fifty-four studies appeared eligible for meta-analysis, together including 3,753 patients. We identified 20 biomarkers for diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the at-risk population and 19 biomarkers for mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. The biomarkers most strongly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis in the at-risk population, when increased, were Krebs von den Lungen-6 (odds ratio [95% CI], 6.1 [3.0-12.1]), lactate dehydrogenase (5.7 [1.7-19.1]), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (3.5 [1.7-7.2]), and von Willebrand Factor (3.1 [2.0-5.2]). The biomarkers most strongly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality, when increased, were interleukin-4 (18.0 [6.0-54.2]), interleukin-2 (11.8 [4.3-32.2]), angiopoietin-2 (6.4 [1.3-30.4]), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (5.1 [3.0-12.2]). Decreased levels of Protein C were associated with increased odds for acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis and mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis provides a unique ranking of plasma biomarkers according to their strength of association with acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality. The relative performance of biomarkers among studies shown in this ranking may help to improve acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis and outcome prediction.
Bibliography of Maarten Kuitenbrouwer

This chapter presents the biography of Maarten Kuitenbrouwer. Maarten Kuitenbrouwer goes beyond a factual summary and links KITLV history to historiographical concepts in a broader context, such as orientalism, occidentalism, universalism and relativism. He places KITLV in the larger international setting of institutions concerned with past and present colonies in the East and West. Kuitenbrouwer himself said that his book contained a 'contextualized history'. At the beginning of the 21st century Kuitenbrouwer summarized his own conclusion from 1991: 'Dutch expansion in Indonesia can certainly be called imperialistic, with the Netherlands' rather unusual status as a small power explaining a number of deviations from the general pattern of modern imperialism'. Kuitenbrouwer was occupied with the present commemorative book and requests to write about Dutch development aid and human rights. Keywords: Dutch development; KITLV history; Maarten Kuitenbrouwer; modern imperialism; Netherlands; occidentalism; orientalism; relativism
Prenatal maternal stress programs infant stress regulation.

OBJECTIVE
Prenatal exposure to inappropriate levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) and maternal stress are putative mechanisms for the fetal programming of later health outcomes. The current investigation examined the influence of prenatal maternal cortisol and maternal psychosocial stress on infant physiological and behavioral responses to stress.


METHODS
The study sample comprised 116 women and their full term infants. Maternal plasma cortisol and report of stress, anxiety and depression were assessed at 15, 19, 25, 31 and 36 + weeks' gestational age. Infant cortisol and behavioral responses to the painful stress of a heel-stick blood draw were evaluated at 24 hours after birth. The association between prenatal maternal measures and infant cortisol and behavioral stress responses was examined using hierarchical linear growth curve modeling.


RESULTS
A larger infant cortisol response to the heel-stick procedure was associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of maternal cortisol during the late second and third trimesters. Additionally, a slower rate of behavioral recovery from the painful stress of a heel-stick blood draw was predicted by elevated levels of maternal cortisol early in pregnancy as well as prenatal maternal psychosocial stress throughout gestation. These associations could not be explained by mode of delivery, prenatal medical history, socioeconomic status or child race, sex or birth order.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that exposure to maternal cortisol and psychosocial stress exerts programming influences on the developing fetus with consequences for infant stress regulation.
Verified Contributive Channel Bindings for Compound Authentication

Compound authentication protocols, such as EAP in IKEv2 or SASL over TLS, bind application-level authentication to a transport-level authenticated channel in order to obtain strong composite authentication under weak trust assumptions. Despite their wide deployment, these protocols remain poorly understood, leading to several credential forwarding man-in-themiddle attacks. We present formal models for several compound authentication protocols, and analyze them against a rich threat model that includes compromised certificates, leaked session keys, and Diffie-Hellman small subgroup confinement. Our analysis uncovers new compound authentication attacks on TLS renegotiation, SSH re-exchange, IKEv2 resumption, and a number of other channel binding proposals. We propose new channel bindings and formally evaluate their effectiveness using the automated symbolic cryptographic protocol verifier, ProVerif. In particular, we present the first formal models that can reconstruct the recently published triple handshake attacks on TLS, and the first automated analysis of its proposed countermeasure. I. COMPOUND AUTHENTICATION Mutual authentication of clients and servers is an important security goal of any distributed system architecture. To this end, cryptographic protocols such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure Shell (SSH), and Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) offer several mutual authentication modes based on well-studied cryptographic constructions called Authenticated Key Exchanges (AKEs). However, a common deployment scenario for these protocols, as depicted in Figure 1, does not use mutual authentication. Instead the transport-level protocol authenticates only the server and establishes a unilaterally-authenticated secure channel where the client is anonymous. The client (or user) is authenticated by a subsequent application-level authentication protocol that is tunneled within the transport channel. The composition of these two protocols aims to provide compound authentication: a guarantee that the same two participants engaged in both protocols, and hence both agree upon the identities of each other (and other session parameters). Examples of such compound authentication protocols are widespread, and we list some that use TLS as the transportlevel protocol. TLS servers almost universally use only server User u
Association of Physical Function with Clinical and Subclinical Brain Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study.

BACKGROUND
Handgrip strength and gait speed are simple measures of physical capability and have been associated with current and future health outcomes. However, studies on their associations with brain structure and function in middle-aged adults are lacking.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship of fast-paced walking speed and handgrip strength with risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke, as well as the cross-sectional associations with cognitive and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in a middle-aged community sample.


METHODS
Framingham Offspring (n = 2,176; mean age 62, 54% female) had physical function, brain MRI, and cognitive evaluations between 1999 and 2005 and were followed-up for incident dementia AD and stroke until 11 years later. We related walking speed and handgrip strength to incident dementia, AD, and stroke using Cox models, and to brain and cognitive measures using multivariable linear and logistic regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and vascular risk factors.


RESULTS
Slow walking and weak handgrip were associated with more than 2.5-fold increase in risk of AD. Weaker handgrip was associated with an increased risk of incident stroke (HR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.12-2.70/SDU, p = 0.01) in persons ≥65 years. Both measures were associated with lower total brain volume and poorer performance on tests of visual memory, language, executive function, and visuoperceptual function. Slower gait was also related to poorer verbal memory, and weaker handgrip to poorer abstraction.


CONCLUSION
Tests of walking speed and handgrip strength may serve as clinical markers of brain structure and function and may improve dementia risk prediction.
Effectiveness of mobile phone short message service on diabetes mellitus management; the SMS-DM study.

OBJECTIVE
To test the feasibility of short message service (SMS) usage between the clinic visits and to evaluate its effect on glycemic control in uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) subjects.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
34 cases with type 2 Diabetes were followed after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventional group (n=12) had the same conventional approach of the control group but had two mobile numbers (physician and diabetic educator) provided for the SMS support until their next visit in 3 months. Both groups of age, BMI and the pre-study A1c were comparable.


RESULTS
Both groups had a significant reduction in their A1c compared to their baseline visit. However, the interventional group had significantly greater reduction in A1c (p=0.001), 1.16% lower than controls. The service was highly satisfactory to the group.


CONCLUSION
The results indicate effectiveness in lowering A1c and acceptance by the patients. Further research and large-scale studies are needed.
A comparison of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an active control in modulation of neurogenic inflammation

Psychological stress is a major provocative factor of symptoms in chronic inflammatory conditions. In recent years, interest in addressing stress responsivity through meditation training in health-related domains has increased astoundingly, despite a paucity of evidence that reported benefits are specific to meditation practice. We designed the present study to rigorously compare an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention to a well-matched active control intervention, the Health Enhancement Program (HEP) in ability to reduce psychological stress and experimentally-induced inflammation. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used to induce psychological stress and inflammation was produced using topical application of capsaicin cream to forearm skin. Immune and endocrine measures of inflammation and stress were collected both before and after MBSR training. Results show those randomized to MBSR and HEP training had comparable post-training stress-evoked cortisol responses, as well as equivalent reductions in self-reported psychological distress and physical symptoms. However, MBSR training resulted in a significantly smaller post-stress inflammatory response compared to HEP, despite equivalent levels of stress hormones. These results suggest behavioral interventions designed to reduce emotional reactivity may be of therapeutic benefit in chronic inflammatory conditions. Moreover, mindfulness practice, in particular, may be more efficacious in symptom relief than the well-being promoting activities cultivated in the HEP program.
Electric wheelchair control with gaze direction and eye blinking

We propose an electric wheelchair controlled by gaze direction and eye blinking. A camera is set up in front of a wheelchair user to capture image information. The sequential captured image is interpreted to obtain the gaze direction and eye blinking properties. The gaze direction is expressed by the horizontal angle of the gaze, and this is derived from the triangle formed by the centers of the eyes and the nose. The gaze direction and eye blinking are used to provide direction and timing commands, respectively. The direction command relates to the direction of movement of the electric wheelchair, and the timing command relates to the time when the wheelchair should move. The timing command with an eye blinking mechanism is designed to generate ready, backward movement, and stop commands for the electric wheelchair. Furthermore, to move at a certain velocity, the electric wheelchair also receives a velocity command as well as the direction and timing commands. The disturbance observer-based control system is used to control the direction and velocity. For safety purposes, an emergency stop is generated when the electric wheelchair user does not focus their gaze consistently in any direction for a specifi ed time. A number of simulations and experiments were conducted with the electric wheelchair in a laboratory environment.
From Theory to Action: Exploring the Institutional Conditions for Student Retention

Though significant strides have been made in constructing a theory of student departure, there is still a good deal of disagreement over the details of such a theory (e.g., Bean, 1980; Braxton, 2000; Braxton, Hirschy, & McClendon, 2004; Cabrera, Castaneda, Nora, & Hengstler, 1992; Nora, 2001; Seidman, 2005; Tierney, 1992, 2000). This is not to say that we have not made substantial progress in our efforts to better understand the process that leads students to leave higher education. As it pertains to the process of student institutional departure, namely that which leads individuals to depart from their institution of enrollment, it can be said that we now have a reasonable understanding of the broad dimensions of that process. The same can be said of our understanding of the process of student retention, the series of events which leads individuals to stay within the institution in which they first enrolled. Though the process of student retention is not the mirror image of student institutional departure, we now know more than ever about the forces shaping student retention and graduation. The same cannot be said, however, for our understanding of institutional practice to promote greater institutional retention and graduation. Though we are increasingly able to explain why some students leave and others persist within an institution and have been able to point out some types of action that institutions can take to improve student retention, we have not yet been able to develop a comprehensive model of institutional action that would help institutions make substantial progress in helping students continue and complete their degree programs within the institution. Consider the data on national rates of college completion, in this case the proportion of students who complete their degrees from their initial institution of registration. Despite years of effort and a good deal of research on student retention, rates of college completion in the United States do not appear to have changed appreciably in the past 20 years, if not longer (Carey, 2004). Among those who first enrolled in a 4-year institution, for instance, rates of institutional completion within 6 years have held steady at slightly more than 50% (National Center for Education
Experience Report: System Log Analysis for Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection plays an important role in management of modern large-scale distributed systems. Logs, which record system runtime information, are widely used for anomaly detection. Traditionally, developers (or operators) often inspect the logs manually with keyword search and rule matching. The increasing scale and complexity of modern systems, however, make the volume of logs explode, which renders the infeasibility of manual inspection. To reduce manual effort, many anomaly detection methods based on automated log analysis are proposed. However, developers may still have no idea which anomaly detection methods they should adopt, because there is a lack of a review and comparison among these anomaly detection methods. Moreover, even if developers decide to employ an anomaly detection method, re-implementation requires a nontrivial effort. To address these problems, we provide a detailed review and evaluation of six state-of-the-art log-based anomaly detection methods, including three supervised methods and three unsupervised methods, and also release an open-source toolkit allowing ease of reuse. These methods have been evaluated on two publicly-available production log datasets, with a total of 15,923,592 log messages and 365,298 anomaly instances. We believe that our work, with the evaluation results as well as the corresponding findings, can provide guidelines for adoption of these methods and provide references for future development.
THE ADVANCED STUDY OF SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIER

The advanced study of new photo detector Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is presented. SiPM consists of many (∼103 mm−2) silicon micro pixels, which are independent photon micro counters working in limited Geiger mode with a gain of 106. The SiPM output signal is a sum of the signals from a number of pixels fired by photons. The main features of SiPM are: low excess noise factor, the photon detection efficiency at the level of vacuum PMT, low bias voltage (∼24V). The timing of the SiPM is about 30 ps for 10 photoelectrons. The possibilities of SiPM applications based on experimental tests are demonstrated: sci fiber readout, scintillator-shifter system readout, possible application for hadron calorimeters.
On Episemological Diversity in Design Science: New Vistas for a Design-Oriented IS Research?

Information System (IS) research can be seen as a rich tapestry of paradigms, methods, and research approaches. Amongst others, design science is an established approach in IS research and the literature provides us with a comprehensive and useful debate on the basic concepts. However, many researchers advocating the stance of design science, neglect the influence of basic philosophical and epistemological issues on design science. Here, design science is often advocated as a third paradigm that adds up to positivism and interpretivism. Instead, we argue that the understanding of such concepts as ‘research rigor’, ‘research validity’ and ‘research quality’ depends heavily on the underlying epistemological understanding, and this certainly applies to design science! In order to demonstrate and operationalize our argument, we analyze Hevner et al.’s guidelines for design science in IS research (2004), taking an interpretivist perspective influenced by Klein & Myers’s set of principles for conducting and evaluating interpretive field studies (1999). Instead of arguing in favor of a specific epistemology, we seek to develop opportunities for epistemological diversity in design-oriented IS research and wish to contribute to establishing a constructive pluralism of research perspectives.
Elevated growing temperatures during the day improve the postharvest chilling tolerance of greenhouse-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit

Growing cucumber fruit in a greenhouse at elevated temperatures during the day increased their tolerance to postharvest chilling. Fruit grown with an average day temperature of 32 1 °C (high temperature) had a storage life (i.e. time to loose 7% fresh weight) of 16 days at 10 °C and did not exhibit chilling injury, while fruit grown at 27 1 °C (control) developed symptoms of chilling injury (i.e. appearance of translucent, water-soaked areas in the mesocarp) after 12 days at 10 °C. The rate of fresh weight loss and the storage life (i.e. 7% water loss) of fruit from both treatments was 12 days when stored at 20 °C. Chilling-induced ion leakage from mesocarp disks was lower from high temperature grown fruit than from control fruit. During storage at 10 °C, firmness, vitamin C content, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) were higher in high temperature grown fruit than in control fruit. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in high temperature grown fruit may have contributed to increased chilling tolerance. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.