LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Variation in Size and Form between Left and Right Maxillary Central Incisor Teeth

BACKGROUND
To compare the variation in size of left and right maxillary central incisors for male patients (using digital calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy). To compare the variation in size of left and right maxillary central incisors for female patients (using digital calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy). To find out the difference between the maxillary central incisors of men and women. Its clinical applicability if difference exists.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 70 dental students of PMNM Dental College and Hospital were selected. Of 70 dental students, 40 male and 30 female were selected. Impressions were made for all subjects, using irreversible hydrocolloid (Algitex, manufacturer DPI, Batch-T-8804) using perforated stock metal trays. The mesiodistal crown width and cervical width were measured for each incisor and recorded separately for left and right teeth. The length was measured for each incisor and recorded separately for left and right maxillary central incisor using digitec height caliper.


RESULTS
The mean value of maximum crown length of maxillary left central incisor of male was greater in length compared with maxillary right central incisor. Mean value of maximum crown length for male patient right and left side was greater compared with maximum crown length of female patient.


CONCLUSION
When compared the dimensions of teeth between two sex, male group shows larger values to female group.
Serotonin transporter and receptor genes significantly impact nicotine dependence through genetic interactions in both European American and African American smokers.

BACKGROUND
Pharmacologic studies implicate a significant role of genes encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT3AB subunits HTR3A and HTR3B in nicotine dependence (ND). However, whether they are involved in ND remains largely unknown.


METHODS
Here, we examined the impact of variations in the three genes on ND in 1366 individuals from 402 African American (AA) and 671 individuals from 200 European American (EA) families. The ND of each smoker was assessed with smoking quantity (SQ), heaviness of smoking index (HSI), and Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND).


RESULTS
Association analysis revealed marginal association of rs10160548 in HTR3A with SQ and HSI in AA, 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 with FTND in EA, and rs11606194 in HTR3B with SQ and FTND in the pooled sample. Haplotype-based association analysis revealed a few major haplotypes in HTR3A that were significantly associated with ND in the AA, EA, and pooled samples. However, none of these associations remained significant after correcting for multiple testing except for a haplotype G-C-C-T-A-T formed by SNPs rs1150226, rs1062613, rs33940208, rs1985242, rs2276302, and rs10160548 in HTR3A for the AA sample. Considering biological functions of the three genes, we examined interactive effects of variants in the three genes, which revealed significant interactions among rs1062613 and rs10160548 in HTR3A, rs1176744 in HTR3B, and 5-HTTLPR and rs1042173 in SLC6A4 in affecting ND in the three samples.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that SLC6A4, HTR3A and HTR3B play a significant role in ND through genetic interactions.
Visual Analytics

DEFINITION Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces according to [6]. Over the last decades data was produced at an incredible rate. However, the ability to collect and store this data is increasing at a faster rate than the ability to analyze it. While purely automatic or purely visual analysis methods were developed in the last decades, the complex nature of many problems makes it indispensable to include humans at an early stage in the data analysis process. Visual analytics methods allow decision makers to combine their flexibility, creativity, and background knowledge with the enormous storage and processing capacities of today’s computers to gain insight into complex problems. The goal of visual analytics research is thus to turn the information overload into an opportunity by enabling decision-makers to examine this massive information stream to take effective actions in real-time situations.
Prediction of boiling points of organic heterocyclic compounds using regression and neural network techniques

High quality models which relate structural descriptors to normal boiling points have been developed for large, diverse groups of heterocyclic compounds using both linear regression and neural network techniques. Parallel experiments were designed to compare the performance of these complementary modeling techniques on two different data sets. A formerly studied data set comprised of 299 tetrahydrofuran (THF), thiophene, furan, and pyran compounds was reexamined using neural networks. In addition, a new data set of 572 pyridine compounds was investigated to increase our understanding of the nitrogen-containing heterocycles. First, several new descriptors were developed to explore chemical principles which govern the boiling point process. In particular, descriptors that reflect hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions proved especially useful for improving the predictive models in the pyridine regression work. With each data set, neural networks were trained to predict boiling points with close to experimental accuracy using the back-propagation learning algorithm. Results from these boiling point investigations show that once the key structural features are indentified through traditional regression techniques, neural networks generally provide access to superior predictive equations. On the basis of this information, further studies were initiated to explore using neural networks as a tool to upgrade structural feature selection. Results from this phase of the study demonstrate that this methodology can be used to identify the most informationally rich descriptors.
Realizing Event-Driven SOA

Event-driven architecture is gaining momentum in research and application areas as it promises enhanced responsiveness and asynchronous communication. The combination of event-driven and service-oriented architectural paradigms and web service technologies provide a viable possibility to achieve these promises. This paper outlines an architectural design and accompanying implementation technologies for its realization as a web services-based event-driven SOA.
Rates and risk factors for homelessness after successful housing in a sample of formerly homeless veterans.

OBJECTIVE
Research suggests that subsidized housing combined with mental health services may be an effective intervention for successfully placing individuals who have a mental illness and a history of homelessness into community housing. However, there is limited longitudinal information available about the risk of loss of housing after a successful exit from homelessness.


METHODS
The study presented here examined the risk and predictors of returning to homelessness after successful housing in a sample of 392 formerly homeless veterans involved in an experimental trial of case management plus rent subsidy vouchers, case management only, or standard care.


RESULTS
Over the course of a five-year period, 44% of all participants experienced a period of homelessness for at least one day after successful placement into housing. Cox regression analysis found that participants in the case management plus voucher condition had significantly longer periods of continuous housing, compared with participants in the other two groups. Other predictors of decreased housing tenure were drug use and a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.


CONCLUSIONS
Subsidized housing vouchers, combined with intensive case management, are advantageous both for facilitating the initial transition from homelessness to being housed and for reducing the risk of discontinuous housing, even among individuals with more severe substance abuse problems.
Smartwatch-Based Driver Vigilance Indicator With Kernel-Fuzzy-C-Means-Wavelet Method

A high-precision driver vigilance predictor could be a monetary countermeasure to reduce road accidents. Heart rate variability is a well-known measurement parameter to predict driver vigilance state, but the measurement is susceptible to motion artifact due to body movement where the electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor device had to be worn close to the heart. Thus, this paper presents a novel approach to measure the ECG from the driver palms while holding on the steering wheel. In addition, photoplethysmograms sensor attached on a driver finger can also measure the similar heart rate pattern, known as pulse rate variability. Another significant vigilance measurement parameter, respiratory rate variability, can be derived directly from the ECG with the squaring baseline method, without the usage of respiratory sensor. Furthermore, this paper is also focusing on the integration of age and gender as vigilance measurement parameter as each individual exhibits distinct signal pattern. Autonomous rules are derived from the data set that performs the kernel fuzzy c-means with if-then rules extraction, which subsequently classify the driver vigilance level into two predefined classes, that are drowsy and awake. The vigilance monitoring application is developed in smartwatch, able to perform the features extraction, and then predict the driver vigilance class based on the Kernel Fuzzy-C-Mean trained model. A vibration warning will be triggered to the driver if the driver is estimated as drowsy in five consecutive time frames. In fact, the experimental results stated that the prediction accuracy can be achieved at 97.28% on average across variant subjects.
Migration to western industrialised countries and perinatal health: a systematic review.

Influxes of migrant women of childbearing age to receiving countries have made their perinatal health status a key priority for many governments. The international research collaboration Reproductive Outcomes And Migration (ROAM) reviewed published studies to assess whether migrants in western industrialised countries have consistently poorer perinatal health than receiving-country women. A systematic review of literature from Medline, Health Star, Embase and PsychInfo from 1995 to 2008 included studies of migrant women/infants related to pregnancy or birth. Studies were excluded if there was no cross-border movement or comparison group or if the receiving country was not western and industrialised. Studies were assessed for quality, analysed descriptively and meta-analysed when possible. We identified 133 reports (>20,000,000 migrants), only 23 of which could be meta-analysed. Migrants were described primarily by geographic origin; other relevant aspects (e.g., time in country, language fluency) were rarely studied. Migrants' results for preterm birth, low birthweight and health-promoting behaviour were as good or better as those for receiving-country women in >or=50% of all studies. Meta-analyses found that Asian, North African and sub-Saharan African migrants were at greater risk of feto-infant mortality than 'majority' receiving populations, and Asian and sub-Saharan African migrants at greater risk of preterm birth. The migration literature is extensive, but the heterogeneity of the study designs and definitions of migrants limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Research that uses clear, specific migrant definitions, adjusts for relevant risk factors and includes other aspects of migrant experience is needed to confirm and understand these associations.
A Review on Graphene-Based Gas/Vapor Sensors with Unique Properties and Potential Applications

Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects, etc. Herein, we summarize recent advantages in graphene preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties of various graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH3, NO2, H2, CO, SO2, H2S, as well as vapor of volatile organic compounds. The detection mechanisms pertaining to various gases are also discussed. In conclusion part, some existing problems which may hinder the sensor applications are presented. Several possible methods to solve these problems are proposed, for example, conceived solutions, hybrid nanostructures, multiple sensor arrays, and new recognition algorithm.
Teacher-child relationships and the development of academic and behavioral skills during elementary school: a within- and between-child analysis.

Despite recent growth in research highlighting the potential of teacher-child relationships to promote children's development during the early years of school, questions remain about the importance of these relationships across elementary school. Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (N = 1,364), this study examines between- and within-child associations between teacher-child relationship quality and children's academic achievement and behavior problems from kindergarten (ages 4-6 years) through 5th grade (ages 9-11 years). Results suggest that increases in teacher-child relationship quality are associated with improvements in teacher-reported academic skills and reductions in behavior problems consistently throughout elementary school. As children progressed from kindergarten through fifth grade, the importance of teacher-child relationship quality is unchanging.
Efficient Ex Vivo Engineering and Expansion of Highly Purified Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations for Gene Therapy

Ex vivo gene therapy based on CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has shown promising results in clinical trials, but genetic engineering to high levels and in large scale remains challenging. We devised a sorting strategy that captures more than 90% of HSC activity in less than 10% of mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells, and modeled a transplantation protocol based on highly purified, genetically engineered HSCs co-infused with uncultured progenitor cells. Prostaglandin E2 stimulation allowed near-complete transduction of HSCs with lentiviral vectors during a culture time of less than 38 hr, mitigating the negative impact of standard culture on progenitor cell function. Exploiting the pyrimidoindole derivative UM171, we show that transduced mPB CD34+CD38- cells with repopulating potential could be expanded ex vivo. Implementing these findings in clinical gene therapy protocols will improve the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of gene therapy and generate new opportunities in the field of gene editing.
Stratified care vs step care strategies for migraine: the Disability in Strategies of Care (DISC) Study: A randomized trial.

CONTEXT
Various guidelines recommend different strategies for selecting and sequencing acute treatments for migraine. In step care, treatment is escalated after first-line medications fail. In stratified care, initial treatment is based on measurement of the severity of illness or other factors. These strategies for migraine have not been rigorously evaluated.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical benefits of 3 strategies: stratified care, step care within attacks, and step care across attacks, among patients with migraine.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial conducted by the Disability in Strategies Study group from December 1997 to March 1999 in 88 clinical centers in 13 countries.


PATIENTS
A total of 835 adult migraine patients with a Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) grade of II, III, or IV were analyzed as the efficacy population; the safety analysis included 930 patients.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly assigned to receive (1) stratified care (n = 279), in which patients with MIDAS grade II treated up to 6 attacks with aspirin, 800 to 1000 mg, plus metoclopramide, 10 mg, and patients with MIDAS grade III and IV treated up to 6 attacks with zolmitriptan, 2.5 mg; (2) step care across attacks (n = 271), in which initial treatment was with aspirin, 800 to 1000 mg, plus metoclopramide, 10 mg. Patients not responding in at least 2 of the first 3 attacks switched to zolmitriptan, 2.5 mg, to treat the remaining 3 attacks; and (3) step care within attacks (n = 285), in which initial treatment for all attacks was with aspirin, 800 to 1000 mg, plus metoclopramide, 20 mg. Patients not responding to treatment after 2 hours in each attack escalated treatment to zolmitriptan, 2.5 mg.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Headache response, achieved if pain intensity was reduced from severe or moderate at baseline to mild or no pain at 2 hours; and disability time per treated attack at 4 hours for all 6 attacks, compared among the 3 groups.


RESULTS
Headache response at 2 hours was significantly greater across 6 attacks in the stratified care treatment group (52.7%) than in either the step care across attacks group (40.6%; P<.001) or the step care within attacks group (36.4%; P<.001). Disability time (6 attacks) was significantly lower in the stratified care group (mean area under the curve [AUC], 185.0 mm. h) than in the step care across attacks group (mean AUC, 209.4 mm. h; P<.001) or the step care within attacks group (mean AUC, 199.7 mm. h; P<.001). The incidence of adverse events was higher in the stratified care group (321 events) vs both step care groups (159 events in across-attack group; 217 in within-attack group), although most events were of mild-to-moderate intensity.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that as a treatment strategy, stratified care provides significantly better clinical outcomes than step care strategies within or across attacks as measured by headache response and disability time. JAMA. 2000;284:2599-2605.
Team Situational Awareness and Architectural Decision Making with the Software Architecture Warehouse

The core of the design of software architecture is all about architectural decision making. A high-quality design outcome sets high requirements, not only on the skills and knowledge of the design team members, but also on the management of the decision making process. We claim that in order to deliver high quality decisions, the design team needs to obtain a high level of situational awareness. To address this, we present an analysis of the problem of team situational awareness in design workshops and propose a model on how stakeholder positions help to build consensus within the argumentation viewpoint of architectural decisions. We show how the Software Architecture Warehouse tool has been extended to support the argumentation viewpoint within its live design document metaphor to provide support for co-located and distributed design workshops.
Fast Infrared Chemical Imaging with a Quantum Cascade Laser

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging systems are a powerful tool for visualizing molecular microstructure of a sample without the need for dyes or stains. Table-top Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging spectrometers, the current established technology, can record broadband spectral data efficiently but requires scanning the entire spectrum with a low throughput source. The advent of high-intensity, broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCL) has now accelerated IR imaging but results in a fundamentally different type of instrument and approach, namely, discrete frequency IR (DF-IR) spectral imaging. While the higher intensity of the source provides a higher signal per channel, the absence of spectral multiplexing also provides new opportunities and challenges. Here, we couple a rapidly tunable QCL with a high performance microscope equipped with a cooled focal plane array (FPA) detector. Our optical system is conceptualized to provide optimal performance based on recent theory and design rules for high-definition (HD) IR imaging. Multiple QCL units are multiplexed together to provide spectral coverage across the fingerprint region (776.9 to 1904.4 cm(-1)) in our DF-IR microscope capable of broad spectral coverage, wide-field detection, and diffraction-limited spectral imaging. We demonstrate that the spectral and spatial fidelity of this system is at least as good as the best FT-IR imaging systems. Our configuration provides a speedup for equivalent spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the best spectral quality from a high-performance linear array system that has 10-fold larger pixels. Compared to the fastest available HD FT-IR imaging system, we demonstrate scanning of large tissue microarrays (TMA) in 3-orders of magnitude smaller time per essential spectral frequency. These advances offer new opportunities for high throughput IR chemical imaging, especially for the measurement of cells and tissues.
Natural Human-Machine Interface using an Interactive Virtual Blackboard

Input peripherals such as mouse, tablet or touchscreen, significantly contributed to ease the attitude of humans towards computing machines. They reduce the need of a keyboard and make the interaction with the computer faster and more instinctive, in particular for unskilled users. Next step would be the complete removal of any tangible device, towards the concept of "disappearing computer". In this paper we propose an interactive virtual blackboard, based on a video processing and gesture recognition engine, which enables the user interacting almost seamlessly with the system giving commands, writing, and manipulating objects on a projected visual interface.
The efficacy and safety of pharmacoinvasive therapy with prourokinase for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with expected long percutaneous coronary intervention-related delay.

OBJECTIVES
To elucidate the efficacy and safety of pharmacoinvasive therapy by using prourokinase (prouk) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).


BACKGROUND
Patients with STEMI often have long percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related delays due to various reasons, which are associated with poor outcomes.


METHODS
A randomized study which enrolled patients from four centers in China was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to accept routine primary PCI or prouk-PCI. The primary end points were the angiographic parameters, including thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, TIMI frame count, and myocardial blush grade. Secondary endpoints were incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as death from all causes, reinfarction, revascularization, or rehospitalization due to new or worsening congestive heart failure) at 30 days and 1 year.


RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-seven eligible patients were enrolled, of whom 100 were randomized to the prouk-PCI group. Significantly more patients in the prouk-PCI group than in the PCI group had an opened infarct-related artery on arrival in the catheterization laboratory (48% vs. 21%, P = 0.0002) and better TIMI frame count after PCI (33 ± 6 vs. 40 ± 10, P < 0.001). At 1-year follow-up, there was a trend that patients in the prouk-PCI group had less chances to have MACE (7.0% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.235) or be readmitted to hospital due to new or worsening congestive heart failure (1.0% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.209).


CONCLUSION
A strategy of emergent PCI preceded by fibrinolysis with prouk results in a better myocardial perfusion in infarct-related artery compared with primary PCI alone in patients with STEMI and long PCI-related delay.