LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Voxel-wise quantification of myocardial blood flow with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: effect of variations in methodology and validation with positron emission tomography

BACKGROUND
Quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow (MBF) from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion images appears to offer advantages over qualitative assessment. Currently however, clinical translation is lacking, at least in part due to considerable disparity in quantification methodology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of common methodological differences in CMR voxel-wise measurement of MBF, using position emission tomography (PET) as external validation.


METHODS
Eighteen subjects, including 9 with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and 9 healthy volunteers prospectively underwent perfusion CMR. Comparison was made between MBF quantified using: 1. Calculated contrast agent concentration curves (to correct for signal saturation) versus raw signal intensity curves; 2. Mid-ventricular versus basal-ventricular short-axis arterial input function (AIF) extraction; 3. Three different deconvolution approaches; Fermi function parameterization, truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) and first-order Tikhonov regularization with b-splines. CAD patients also prospectively underwent rubidium-82 PET (median interval 7 days).


RESULTS
MBF was significantly higher when calculated using signal intensity compared to contrast agent concentration curves, and when the AIF was extracted from mid- compared to basal-ventricular images. MBF did not differ significantly between Fermi and Tikhonov, or between Fermi and TVSD deconvolution methods although there was a small difference between TSVD and Tikhonov (0.06 mL/min/g). Agreement between all deconvolution methods was high. MBF derived using each CMR deconvolution method showed a significant linear relationship (p<0.001) with PET-derived MBF however each method underestimated MBF compared to PET (by 0.19 to 0.35 mL/min/g).


CONCLUSIONS
Variations in more complex methodological factors such as deconvolution method have no greater effect on estimated MBF than simple factors such as AIF location and observer variability. Standardization of the quantification process will aid comparison between studies and may help CMR MBF quantification enter clinical use.
Lighting up cells with quantum dots.

Quantum dots are a brand new class of fluorescent biolabeling reagents. These nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals can be attached to biomolecules and can be used in many existing immunostaining applications. Recent work has demonstrated the dramatic benefits of quantum dots, including long-term photostability, high brightness, multi-target labeling with several colors, and single-source excitation for all colors of quantum dots. New avenues of research are being enabled by using quantum dot conjugates in live cell analysis. Here the underlying technology is explained, with a description of the use of quantum dots in microscopy and the implications for fluorescence imaging methods.
Multiplexed LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of three novel hepatitis C antivirals, daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir in human plasma.

Dual or triple combination regimens of novel hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAA, daclatasvir, asunaprevir, or beclabuvir) provide high sustained virological response rates and reduced frequency of resistance compared to clinical monotherapy. To support pharmacokinetic (PK) assessments in clinical studies, a multiplexed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of daclatasvir, asunaprevir, beclabuvir (BMS-791325) and its active metabolite (BMS-794712) in human plasma was developed and validated. Human plasma samples were extracted with methyl-t-butyl ether followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis, which was conducted in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were 1 ng/mL for daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and BMS-794712, and 2 ng/mL for beclabuvir. Intra-run precision (≤4.5% CV), inter-run precision (≤2.9% CV), and accuracy (±5.3% deviation) based on different concentration levels (low, geometric mean, mid and high) of the quality control samples (QCs) provided evidence of the methods accuracy and precision. Selectivity and matrix effect on LC-MS/MS detection, stability in plasma, and potential interference of coadministered drugs (ribavirin and interferon) were all evaluated and the results were acceptable. Method reproducibility was demonstrated by the reanalysis of a portion of study samples. The cross-validation results for QCs demonstrated the equivalency between this method and two single-analyte methods which were previously validated for quantitation of daclatasvir in human plasma. This approach of using a multiplexed LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of three DAAs is time- and cost-effective, and can maintain good data quality in sample analysis.
Transformation: The Missing Link of MDA

In this paper we explore the issue of transforming models to models, an essential part of the OMG‘s Model Driven Architecture (MDA) vision. Drawing from the literature and our experiences implementing a number of transformations using different technologies, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of the different technologies and identify requirements for a transformation language for performing the kind of model-to-model transformations required to realise the MDA vision.
Outlook on Operating Systems

Will OSs in 2025 still resemble the Unix-like consensus of today, or will a very different design achieve widespread adoption?
Site of pleural drain insertion and early postoperative pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass grafting with internal mammary artery.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) impairs postoperative pulmonary function. We studied the changes in pulmonary function and subjective pain relative to the site of chest tube insertion.


DESIGN
Thirty patients undergoing CABG surgery using the LIMA were randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received a left chest tube inserted from the midline (subxyphoid). Group B (n = 15) had a tube placed in the sixth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. All of the patients underwent bedside pulmonary function testing preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5. Pain sensation was quantified by a standardized score (1 to 10).


RESULTS
A significant impairment of pulmonary function parameters was observed in both groups until POD 5. For group A, the decline in percent predicted (+/-SD) in the vital capacity (VC) from before surgery to POD 5 was, respectively, 92.3+/-30.6% to 56.9+/-12.6% (p < 0.001). For group B, the decline in the VC was from 88.0+/-18.2% to 55.5+/-14.8% (p < 0.001). The FEV1 declined concomitantly in group A from 86.2+/-18.2% to 50.8+/-12.1%, and in group B from 83.5+/-16.4% to 53.9+/-12.5% (p < 0.001). On POD 1, a significantly lower decrease in the VC was measured in group A than in group B, respectively: 45.3+/-15.5% vs 28.6+/-8.7% (p < 0.001). A significantly lower decrease in the FEV1 was also seen in group A than in group B, respectively: 36.9+/-12.9% vs 28.0+/-10.6% (p < 0.05). Pain experienced during deep inspiration was also significantly less in group A than in group B, respectively: 1.2+/-1.1 vs 2.5+/-0.9 (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Subxyphoid insertion of the pleural drain leads to a significantly lower impairment of pulmonary function and less subjective pain than insertion at the intercostal position. The drainage of the left pleural space is equally effective with both techniques.
Reproductive cycle-dependent plasticity of perception of acoustic meaning in mice

How may perception, maternal motivation and behavior of female mammals change during different phases of their estrous cycle? Here, we show effects of estrous cycle phase on the perception of acoustic meaning and maternal behavior in virgin house mice (Mus musculus) during contact with young for which they were co-caring together with the mother. Cycling females in diestrus, proestrus, estrus or metestrus responded to mouse pup wriggling calls and two synthesized call models when they were in a "nursing" position on the pups. Independent of the phase of their estrous cycle, the virgin females' response rates to naturally vocalized calls and the rates of their spontaneous maternal behavior were about half of those of mothers in the same behavioral setting. This suggests that the maternal motivation of virgin females is generally half of that of mothers but rather constant during the estrous cycle. The response rates to the call models changed during the females' estrous cycles. During diestrus and proestrus (not in estrus and metestrus) they perceived acoustic differences between the call models and responded with different rates of maternal behavior. In estrus, they showed maternal behavior at a high rate and preferred the call models similar to the natural calls. In metestrus, response rates to the synthesized call models were low, so that only natural calls (not call models) released maternal behavior at a high rate. These behavioral data from house mice show remarkable similarities with perceptual plasticity and emotional and mood-dependent reactivity during the menstrual cycle in women.
Value of reserve pulse pressure in improving the risk stratification of patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging.

AIMS
To evaluate the incremental prognostic value of reserve-pulse pressure (reserve-PP: exercise-PP minus rest-PP) to standard risk factors among patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) but normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).


METHODS AND RESULTS
We studied 4269 consecutive symptomatic patients without known CAD who were referred for exercise MPI but had normal MPI results (mean age 58 ± 12 years, 56% females, 84% referred for evaluation of chest pain or dyspnoea, 95% with intermediate pretest likelihood of CAD). There were 202 deaths over 5.1 ± 1.4 years of follow-up. Reserve-PP was abnormal (<44 mmHg increase in PP from rest) in 1894 patients (44%). Patients with an abnormal reserve-PP had a higher risk of death compared with patients with normal reserve-PP [hazard ratio (HR): 2.47, 95% CI, 1.8-3.3]. In multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, ejection fraction, medications, heart rate recovery, Duke treadmill score (DTS), and rest-PP, each 10 mmHg lower reserve-PP was associated with a 20.6% increase in risk-adjusted mortality (adjusted HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91). Models incorporating reserve-PP significantly reclassified risk compared with models without these parameters (net reclassification index 14.3%, P = 0.0007; integrated discrimination index 0.69, P = 0.01).


CONCLUSION
In patients without a history of CAD and a normal MPI, an abnormal reserve-PP identified and reclassified those at higher risk of death independent of known risk factors and DTS.
Superhydrophobic and Compressible Silica-polyHIPE Covalently Bonded Porous Networks via Emulsion Templating for Oil Spill Cleanup and Recovery

We synthesize porous polyHIPE networks with silanol functionalities in the polyHIPE backbone. These silanol functionalities are used for covalent bonding with silica aerogels embedded in the polyHIPE. Covalent bonding between silica and polyHIPE networks are confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Silica aerogels covalently bonded with polyHIPE network show macroporous and mesoporous morphologies and possess excellent properties like high bendability, high elasticity, superhydrophobicity (~160°), low density (~0.128 g/cm3), and low thermal conductivity (~0.045 W/m·K). Oil absorption from water/oil mixtures and recovery of the absorbed oil (by squeezing) from flexible silica-polyHIPE networks is studied. The silica-polyHIPE is shown to absorb crude oil ~16-times its own weight and can be reused multiple times after recovery. Hence, such materials are very important for oil spill cleanup applications from aqueous systems.
FINDING LATENT SOURCES IN RECORDED MUSIC WITH A SHIFT-INVARIANT HDP

We present the Shift-Invariant Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (SIHDP), a nonparametric Bayesian model for modeling multiple songs in terms of a shared vocabulary of latent sound sources. The SIHDP is an extension of the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) that explicitly models the times at which each latent component appears in each song. This extension allows us to model how sound sources evolve over time, which is critical to the human ability to recognize and interpret sounds. To make inference on large datasets possible, we develop an exact distributed Gibbs sampling algorithm to do posterior inference. We evaluate the SIHDP’s ability to model audio using a dataset of real popular music, and measure its ability to accurately find patterns in music using a set of synthesized drum loops. Ultimately, our model produces a rich representation of a set of songs consisting of a set of short sound sources and when they appear in each song.
Quantifying the invisible audience in social networks

When you share content in an online social network, who is listening? Users have scarce information about who actually sees their content, making their audience seem invisible and difficult to estimate. However, understanding this invisible audience can impact both science and design, since perceived audiences influence content production and self-presentation online. In this paper, we combine survey and large-scale log data to examine how well users' perceptions of their audience match their actual audience on Facebook. We find that social media users consistently underestimate their audience size for their posts, guessing that their audience is just 27% of its true size. Qualitative coding of survey responses reveals folk theories that attempt to reverse-engineer audience size using feedback and friend count, though none of these approaches are particularly accurate. We analyze audience logs for 222,000 Facebook users' posts over the course of one month and find that publicly visible signals --- friend count, likes, and comments --- vary widely and do not strongly indicate the audience of a single post. Despite the variation, users typically reach 61% of their friends each month. Together, our results begin to reveal the invisible undercurrents of audience attention and behavior in online social networks.
A case study of trajectory transfer through non-rigid registration for a simplified suturing scenario

Suturing is an important yet time-consuming part of surgery. A fast and robust autonomous procedure could reduce surgeon fatigue, and shorten operation times. It could also be of particular importance for suturing in remote tele-surgery settings where latency can complicate the master-slave mode control that is the current practice for robotic surgery with systems like the da Vinci®. We study the applicability of the trajectory transfer algorithm proposed in [12] to the automation of suturing. The core idea of this procedure is to first use non-rigid registration to find a 3D warping function which maps the demonstration scene onto the test scene, then use this warping function to transform the robot end-effector trajectory. Finally a robot joint trajectory is generated by solving a trajectory optimization problem that attempts to find the closest feasible trajectory, accounting for external constraints, such as joint limits and obstacles. Our experiments investigate generalization from a single demonstration to differing initial conditions. A first set of experiments considers the problem of having a simulated Raven II system [5] suture two flaps of tissue together. A second set of experiments considers a PR2 robot performing sutures in a scaled-up experimental setup. The simulation experiments were fully autonomous. For the real-world experiments we provided human input to assist with the detection of landmarks to be fed into the registration algorithm. The success rate for learning from a single demonstration is high for moderate perturbations from the demonstration's initial conditions, and it gradually decreases for larger perturbations.
Utilising context ontology in mobile device application personalisation

Context Studio, an application personalisation tool for semi-automated context-based adaptation, has been proposed to provide a flexible means of implementing context-aware features. In this paper, Context Studio is further developed for the end users of small-screen mobile devices. Navigating and information presentation are designed for small screens, especially for the Series 60 mobile phone user interface. Context ontology, with an enhanced vocabulary model, is utilized to offer scalable representation and easy navigation of context and action information in the UI. The ontology vocabulary hierarchy is transformed into a folder-file model representation in the graphical user interface. UI elements can be directly updated, according to the extensions and modifications to ontology vocabularies, automatically in an online system. A rule model is utilized to allow systematic management and presentation of context-action rules in the user interface. The chosen ontology-based UI model is evaluated with a usability study.
A Fast Algorithm for Euclidean Distance Maps of a 2-D Binary Image

The Euclidean distance map (EDM) is a basic operation in computer vision, pattern recognition and robotics. It converts a binary image consisting of foreground pixels and background pixels into one where each pixel has a value equal to its Euclidean distance to the nearest foreground pixel [2]. Yamada presented an O(n3> EDM algorithm [4] which can be computed in O(n) time on an 8-neighbor connected mesh array of size n x II. More recently, Kolountzakis and Kutulakos presented an O(n2 log n> sequential algorithm for EDM [l]. They also showed that, on an rprocessor (r G n> exclusive read exclusive write (EREW) parallel random access machine (PRAM), the time complexity of the algorithm is 0((n2 log n)/r). In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm on an r-processor EREW PRAM with time complexity 0(n2/r + n log r). Particularly, when r = 1, it is a sequential algorithm with
Effect of 150-mg vs 300-mg loading doses of clopidogrel on platelet function in Japanese patients undergoing coronary stent placement.

BACKGROUND
The loading dose of ticlopidine is 500 mg in both the US and Europe and 200 mg in Japan. A lower loading dose of clopidogrel might achieve adequate platelet inhibition in Japanese patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Platelet aggregation was serially measured at baseline, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after 150-mg (n=20) and 300-mg (n=20) clopidogrel loading. Platelets were stimulated with 5 and 20 micromol/L adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and aggregation was assessed by optical aggregometry. Pretreatment ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the 150-mg clopidogrel group did not differ from that of the 300-mg group. The administration of 300-mg clopidogrel loading dose resulted in lower platelet aggregation 2 h after the administration (5 micromol/L ADP: 53+/-9% vs 61+/-12%, p<0.05 and 20 micromol/L ADP: 61+/-10% vs 68+/-9%, p<0.05). A lower platelet aggregation induced with 20 micromol/L ADP was still observed 4 h after the 300-mg clopidogrel loading (58+/-10% vs 65+/-9%, p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The 150-mg clopidogrel loading does not achieve rapid platelet inhibition. The 300-mg loading dose should be used to suppress platelet function rapidly even in Japanese patients undergoing coronary stent placement.
Emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, and shame as explanatory factors between neuroticism and depression.

BACKGROUND
The association between neuroticism and depression is well documented. However, neuroticism is a general risk factor associated with many forms of psychopathology, such as anxiety, eating, and personality disorders. Past research has suggested that other factors may mediate the relationship between neuroticism and symptoms of particular disorders.


METHODS
Self-report questionnaires measuring neuroticism, emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, shame, and symptoms of depression were administered to 105 inpatient adolescents (aged 12-17). The current study examined three factors (emotion dysregulation difficulties, psychological inflexibility, and shame) as concurrent mediators of the neuroticism/depression association.


RESULTS
Neuroticism was significantly associated with depression, as expected. Neuroticism was also associated with emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility, which, in combination, fully mediated the association between neuroticism and depression. Shame was not significantly associated with neuroticism or depression, when controlling for anxiety, externalizing, sex, and age. Follow-up analyses examined six sub-factors of emotion dysregulation as multiple mediators of the neuroticism/depression association. Goal directed behavior, lack of emotion regulation strategies, and impulse control were significant mediators, controlling for the other three emotion dysregulation sub-factors.


LIMITATIONS
The study is limited by the cross sectional design, sample size, and self-report measurement.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite limitations, this study demonstrated that the link between neuroticism and depression is explained by both emotion dysregulation and psychological inflexibility and that specific emotion dysregulation facets may be at play in adolescent depression.
Consumption, Capitalism, and Culture@@@Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture.

The social crisis of industrialization advertising as social production the political ideology of consumption mom, dad and the kids - toward a modern architecture of daily life consumer report - the social crisis of the mass culture.
Ten CAD challenges

We discuss the significant technical challenges facing the CAD industry and research community and present an approach to address these issues. The key component of all CAD applications is the end user. Users' success or failure in interacting with CAD products ultimately governs the success of the products themselves. We extend the meaning of interactive techniques for this article to include more than low-level input device, display, and human factor issues. We deliberately include the way users work with applications to accomplish a work task. Using this extension we define three difficult challenges with interactive techniques: geometry shape control; interoperability across CAD, CAM, and CAE applications; and automatically morphing geometry in a meaningful way during design optimization.
Use of a biological mesh for the treatment of perineal fistula following radical colorectal resection

Patients with postradiation therapy for malignancies and/or extensive colorectal surgery are prone to the development of enteroperineal fistulas. Application of biological meshes may prove beneficial in treating complicated enteroperineal fistulas as they provide a stable ground for closing pelvic defects even in contaminated fields.