LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Polar Transmitter Using Interleaving Pulse Modulation for Multimode Handsets

This paper presents a highly efficient polar transmitter using interleaving pulse modulation for multiple communication standards. Using the proposed interleaving pulse modulation technique, a polar transmitter can suppress the odd-order output spurs deeply with a feasible value of essential sampling frequency and keep the residual spurs from falling into the receive bands. To validate the proposed technique, a prototype polar transmitter was constructed and evaluated. Using global system for mobile communications, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution, and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signals at 836.5 MHz, the polar transmitter achieved 68%, 45.5%, and 41.2% power-added efficiency at output power levels of 28, 26, and 25 dBm, respectively. The measurement results were able to pass the spectral requirements defined by the respective standards without the use of any pre-distortion or calibration techniques. Moreover, the polar transmitter was able to achieve an output dynamic range of 80 dB required by the WCDMA standard.
Construct validity and reliability of the disability of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire for upper extremity complaints in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
The Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a tool for measuring physical function and symptoms of the upper extremity. Although widely used, it is not validated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study the DASH was validated for this patient group.


METHODS
In total, 102 patients participated in this study. For the validation, the questionnaires of the DASH, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS2) were used. Patients were examined clinically before completing the questionnaires. Pain was scored by each patient using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was obtained and grip strength was measured. Reliability was tested by a second DASH questionnaire after 2 days. Validity was tested using a Pearson correlation analysis for the relevant domains of the questionnaires and for the clinical aspects.


RESULTS
The reliability of the DASH was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.97). Internal consistency was strong (Cronbach's alpha 0.97). Validity was proven with excellent results for Pearson correlation with the relevant domains of the questionnaires: HAQ, r = 0.88; SF-36, r = 0.70; and AIMS2, r = 0.85. The clinical scores had a relatively low correlation with the DASH (DAS28, r = 0.42; and grip strength, r = 0.41-0.48), except for the VAS (r = 0.60-0.65).


CONCLUSION
The DASH is a reliable and valid questionnaire in patients with RA. It can be used as a measurement tool of physical disability of the upper extremity.
Lung function and disability in neuromuscular patients at first admission to a respiratory clinic.

BACKGROUND
Respiratory failure is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is considered highly effective for treating chronic respiratory failure. Perception and knowledge of risks associated with respiratory derangements may be underestimated.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to evaluate the association among respiratory function, general clinical disability and need of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) in patients with slowly progressive NMD admitted for the first time to dedicated respiratory outpatient clinics.


METHODS
Anthropometrics, lung function, respiratory muscle function, daytime blood gases data, and general clinical disability assessed by means of a clinical interview were recorded. Indication for HMV was an arterial CO(2) tension >45mmHg and/or a vital capacity <50% predicted, and/or maximal inspiratory pressure <60cmH(2)O.


RESULTS
Two out of 5 patients complained of dyspnoea during daily activity and dysphagia, while more than 1/3 had ineffective cough and speech difficulties. Two-third of the whole group were considered to need HMV. By applying one or more criteria for NMD diagnosis, great variability was found for indication to HMV. Clinical disability was inversely related to dynamic and static lung volumes, and to respiratory muscle function.


CONCLUSIONS
About two-third of NMD patients admitted to a respiratory clinic is a candidate for home mechanical ventilation being their clinical derangement inversely related with respiratory function. The use of a simple dedicated clinical disability interview may reduce underestimation of HMV need.
Benign and malignant breast tumors classification based on region growing and CNN segmentation

Breast cancer is regarded as one of the most frequent mortality causes among women. As early detection of breast cancer increases the survival chance, creation of a system to diagnose suspicious masses in mammograms is important. In this paper, two automated methods are presented to diagnose mass types of benign and malignant in mammograms. In the first proposed method, segmentation is done using an automated region growing whose threshold is obtained by a trained artificial neural network (ANN). In the second proposed method, segmentation is performed by a cellular neural network (CNN) whose parameters are determined by a genetic algorithm (GA). Intensity, textural, and shape features are extracted from segmented tumors. GA is used to select appropriate features from the set of extracted features. In the next stage, ANNs are used to classify the mammograms as benign or malignant. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods different classifiers (such as random forest, naïve Bayes, SVM, and KNN) are used. Results of the proposed techniques performed on MIAS and DDSM databases are promising. The obtained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates are 96.87%, 95.94%, and 96.47%, respectively. 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A Joint Approach to Global Motion Estimation and Motion Segmentation From a Coarsely Sampled Motion Vector Field

In many content-based video processing systems, the presence of moving objects limits the accuracy of global motion estimation (GME). On the other hand, the inaccuracy of global motion parameter estimates affects the performance of motion segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a procedure for simultaneous object segmentation and GME from a coarsely sampled (i.e., block-based) motion vector (MV) field. The procedure starts with removing MV outliers from the MV field, and then performs GME to obtain an estimate of global motion parameters. Using these estimates, global motion is removed from the MV field, and moving region segmentation is performed on this compensated MV field. MVs in the moving regions are treated as outliers in the context of GME in the next round of processing. Iterating between GME and motion segmentation helps improve both GME and segmentation accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic motion fields and MVs from real video sequences.
Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the first-in-class spliceosome inhibitor E7107 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE
To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity of E7107 administered as 5-minute bolus infusions on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28-day schedule.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Patients with solid tumors refractory to standard therapies or with no standard treatment available were enrolled. Dose levels of 0.6 to 4.5 mg/m(2) were explored.


RESULTS
Forty patients [24M/16F, median age 61 years (45-79)] were enrolled. At 4.5 mg/m(2), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) consisted of grade 3 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting and grade 4 diarrhea, respectively, in two patients. At 4.0 mg/m(2), DLT (grade 3 nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps) was observed in one patient. Frequently occurring side effects were mainly gastrointestinal. After drug discontinuation at 4.0 mg/m(2), one patient experienced reversible grade 4 blurred vision. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is 4.0 mg/m(2). No complete or partial responses during treatment were observed; one patient at 4.0 mg/m(2) had a confirmed partial response after drug discontinuation. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a large volume of distribution, high systemic clearance, and a plasma elimination half-life of 5.3 to 15.1 hours. Overall drug exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. At the MTD, mRNA levels of selected target genes monitored in peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a reversible 15- to 25-fold decrease, whereas unspliced pre-mRNA levels of DNAJB1 and EIF4A1 showed a reversible 10- to 25-fold increase.


CONCLUSION
The MTD for E7107 using this schedule is 4.0 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetics is dose-dependent and reproducible within patients. Pharmacodynamic analysis revealed dose-dependent reversible inhibition of pre-mRNA processing of target genes, confirming proof-of-principle activity of E7107.
UK dental laboratory technicians' views on the efficacy and teaching of clinical-laboratory communication

Background The General Dental Council states that 'good dental care is delivered by a team' and restorative treatment is enhanced by communication between team members. Commercial dental laboratories are ideally placed to comment on effective communication.Aims of the study To investigate contemporary attitudes and communication between dentist and dental technician from the technician's perspective.Materials and methods Eight hundred and three dental laboratories were invited to take part in a postal survey covering dentist/laboratory communication and the dentist's understanding of technical procedures.Results Forty percent of laboratories responded. Only 9% scored communication as very good, 48% scored communication with newly qualified dentists better than with established dentists but only 26% considered that dental students were taught to communicate with dental laboratories effectively. The free comments that the respondents were invited to make identified three distinct themes, 'recognition within the dental team', 'effective communication between dentist and dental technician' and 'dentists lack of technical knowledge'.Conclusions Effective communication between dentist and dental technician is often poor. It was the view of the dental technicians who responded that newly qualified dentists do not have an appropriate understanding of technical techniques. Dental schools are still not preparing new graduates to communicate effectively with dental laboratories.
Subdomain Model for Predicting Magnetic Field in Slotted Surface Mounted Permanent-Magnet Machines With Rotor Eccentricity

An analytical subdomain model for the prediction of open-circuit magnetic field in slotted surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines is developed in this paper, which considers the effect of rotor eccentricity. The magnetic field domain is divided into three types of simple and regular subdomains, viz. magnet, air gap, and stator slots. The analytical solution is derived by solving the field governing equations in each subdomain and applying the boundary conditions to the interfaces between these subdomains. The perturbation method is used to describe the effect of rotor eccentricity. The model accurately accounts for the effect of stator slots, the mutual influence between slots, and rotor eccentricity. The analytical model is validated by the corresponding finite-element results. The results show that the proposed subdomain model up to the first-order perturbation can accurately predict the open-circuit magnetic field in slotted surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines with rotor eccentricity.
Effect of respiratory muscle endurance training in patients with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND
Respiratory muscle endurance training (hyperpnea training) has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with COPD.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperpnea training, when added to an endurance exercise training program, would lead to additional benefits compared with endurance training alone in patients with COPD.


SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Patients with COPD entering an 8-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Fifteen patients (mean [+/- SE] FEV1, 45 +/- 6% predicted) were randomized to combined therapy, and 14 patients (mean FEV1, 44 +/- 4% predicted) were randomized to endurance training.


METHODS
Peak exercise capacity, exercise endurance time during constant workload cycle exercise, 6-min walk distance, quality of life as measured by the chronic respiratory questionnaire, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and quadriceps fatigability were measured before and after endurance or combined training.


RESULTS
After rehabilitation, peak exercise capacity, exercise endurance time, 6-min walk distance, and quality of life all increased in both groups, but there was no significant difference in the extent of improvement between groups. Mean respiratory muscle endurance increased to a significantly greater extent in the combined therapy group (17.5 +/- 2.7 vs 8.5 +/- 2.5 min, respectively; p = 0.02). Respiratory muscle strength was significantly increased, and quadriceps fatigability was significantly reduced after rehabilitation in the combined therapy group but not in the endurance training group, but the difference between groups did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSION
The endurance of the respiratory muscles can be improved by specific training beyond that achieved by endurance training alone in patients with COPD. However, this improvement did not translate into additional improvement in quality of life or exercise performance.
Research Paper: Using SNOMED CT to Represent Two Interface Terminologies

OBJECTIVE
Interface terminologies are designed to support interactions between humans and structured medical information. In particular, many interface terminologies have been developed for structured computer based documentation systems. Experts and policy-makers have recommended that interface terminologies be mapped to reference terminologies. The goal of the current study was to evaluate how well the reference terminology SNOMED CT could map to and represent two interface terminologies, MEDCIN and the Categorical Health Information Structured Lexicon (CHISL).


DESIGN
Automated mappings between SNOMED CT and 500 terms from each of the two interface terminologies were evaluated by human reviewers, who also searched SNOMED CT to identify better mappings when this was judged to be necessary. Reviewers judged whether they believed the interface terms to be clinically appropriate, whether the terms were covered by SNOMED CT concepts and whether the terms' implied semantic structure could be represented by SNOMED CT.


MEASUREMENTS
Outcomes included concept coverage by SNOMED CT for study terms and their implied semantics. Agreement statistics and compositionality measures were calculated.


RESULTS
The SNOMED CT terminology contained concepts to represent 92.4% of MEDCIN and 95.9% of CHISL terms. Semantic structures implied by study terms were less well covered, with some complex compositional expressions requiring semantics not present in SNOMED CT. Among sampled terms, those from MEDCIN were more complex than those from CHISL, containing an average 3.8 versus 1.8 atomic concepts respectively, p<0.001.


CONCLUSION
Our findings support using SNOMED CT to provide standardized representations of information created using these two terminologies, but suggest that enriching SNOMED CT semantics would improve representation of the external terms.
A Novel Back-propagation Neural Network Training Algorithm Designed by an Ant Colony Optimization

This article presents a new back-propagation neural network (BPN) training algorithm performed with an ant colony optimization (ACO) to get the optimal connection weights of the BPN. The concentration of pheromone laid by the artificial ants moving on the connection path is the key factor of the optimal weight determination. This is the metaphor that the optimal weights make the "total length of neuron-to-neuron connections traversed by all artificial ants," which is defined by the BPN output values and the target values of the proposed ant-based BPN, be the shortest. The generalization ability of the proposed ant-based BPN was checked by means of approximating two functions, a statistic standard normal distribution N(0,1) and a Sin(x) function, and demonstrated by comparing it to that of a standard BPN. Surprisingly, the superiority of the ant-based BPN's generalization ability in terms of both the statistical determination coefficient and the means square error is beyond the expectation
Early ACE-i intervention in microalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes: effects on albumin excretion, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, and renal function.

OBJECTIVES
To study the effects of ACE-i in type 1 diabetic patients with early microalbuminuria with regard to: i) UAE, ii) 24 h AMBP, including the effect on diurnal BP variation, and iii) renal haemodynamics.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
58 patients with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) between 20-70 microg/min were treated for two years with either the ACE inhibitor (ACE-i) lisinopril (20 mg od) or placebo in two randomised placebo controlled double blind studies. In a subgroup of patients (n=22) we performed 24 h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (AMBP) and renal function tests (constant infusion technique).


RESULTS
i) Changes in UAE over the two years were significantly different (p<0.01) in the two groups with final UAE in the lisinopril group of 19.1 microg/min x/divide 2.5 (geometric mean x/divide tolerance factor) and 44.1 microg/min x/divide 2.8 in the placebo group. In the lisinopril group 20 patients (60.6%) reversed to normoalbuminuria compared to 6 patients (24%) in the placebo group (p<0.02). ii) Clinical BP measurements revealed no differences between groups, but by AMBP significant reductions were detectable in the lisinopril group, primarily in night AMBP (systolic/diastolic: - 6.9 +/- 8.6/- 6.0 +/- 5.3 mmHg, p<0.01) as opposed to increases in the placebo group (3.1 +/- 9.3/1.9 +/- 7.3 mmHg). iii) Changes in UAE and changes in filtration fraction (FF) were positively correlated in the intervention group (r=0.9, p<0.01), i.e. the patients who showed the greatest fall in UAE were the ones with the greatest fall in FF.


CONCLUSIONS
ACE-i treatment in patients with low-grade microalbuminuria reduces 24 h AMBP without attenuating diurnal blood pressure variation, reduces UAE significantly, with changes in UAE being strongly associated with changes in FF. Furthermore, compared to placebo, ACE-i reverses micro- to normoalbuminuria in a significant fraction of patients.
돌아오지 못하는 아이들

The purpose of Lacan psychoanalysis is not in enlightening level which complements an unstable ego repletely who can not adjust to the community....
Sol-gel derived flexible silica aerogel as selective adsorbent for water decontamination from crude oil.

Oil spills are the most important threat to the sea ecosystem. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of sol-gel parameters on seawater decontamination from crude oil by use of flexible silica aerogel. To this goal, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) based silica aerogels were prepared by two-step acid-base catalyzed sol-gel process, involving ambient pressure drying (APD) method. To investigate the effects of sol-gel parameters, the aerogels were prepared under two different acidic and basic pH values (i.e. 4 and 8) and varied ethanol/MTMS molar ratios from 5 to 15. The adsorption capacity of the prepared aerogels was evaluated for two heavy and light commercial crude oils under multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. To reduce process time, desorption cycles were carried out by using roll milling for the first time. At optimum condition, silica aerogels are able to uptake heavy and light crude oils with the order of 16.7 and 13.7, respectively.
Voxel-based fabrication through material property mapping: A design method for bitmap printing

Wepresent a bitmap printingmethod and digital workflow usingmulti-material high resolution Additive Manufacturing (AM). Material composition is defined based on voxel resolution and used to fabricate a design object with locally varying material stiffness, aiming to satisfy the design objective. In this workflowvoxel resolution is set by theprinter’s native resolution, eliminating theneed for slicing andpath planning. Controlling geometry and material property variation at the resolution of the printer provides significantly greater control over structure–property–function relationships. To demonstrate the utility of the bitmap printing approach we apply it to the design of a customized prosthetic socket. Pressuresensing elements are concurrently fabricated with the socket, providing possibilities for evaluation of the socket’s fit. The level of control demonstrated in this study cannot be achieved using traditional CAD tools and volume-based AM workflows, implying that new CAD workflows must be developed in order to enable designers to harvest the capabilities of AM. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Almost-everywhere Secure Computation

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a central problem in cryptography. Unfortunately, it is well known that MPC is possible if and only if the underlying communication network has very large connectivity — in fact, Ω(t), where t is the number of potential corruptions in the network. This impossibility result renders existing MPC results far less applicable in practice, since many deployed networks have in fact a very small degree. In this paper, we show how to circumvent this impossibility result and achieve meaningful security guarantees for graphs with small degree (such as expander graphs and several other topologies). In fact, the notion we introduce, which we call almost-everywhere MPC, building on the notion of almosteverywhere agreement due to Dwork, Peleg, Pippenger and Upfal, allows the degree of the network to be much smaller than the total number of allowed corruptions. In essence, our definition allows the adversary to implicitly wiretap some of the good nodes by corrupting sufficiently many nodes in the “neighborhood” of those nodes. We show protocols that satisfy our new definition, retaining both correctness and privacy for most nodes despite small connectivity, no matter how the adversary chooses his corruptions. Instrumental in our constructions is a new model and protocol for the secure message transmission (SMT) problem, which we call SMT by public discussion, and which we use for the establishment of pairwise secure channels in limited connectivity networks.