LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt

Detailed structural geological and related studies were carried out in a number of critical areas in the Proterozoic basement of eastern Egypt to resolve the structural pattern at a regional scale and to assess the general characteristics of tectonic evolution, orogeny and terrane boundaries. Following a brief account of the tectonostratigraphy and timing of the orogenic evolution, the major structural characteristics of the critical areas are presented. Collisional deformation of the terranes ended about 6 1 5 6 0 0 Ma ago. Subsequent extensional collapse probably occurred within a relatively narrow time span of about 20 Ma ( 5 7 5 595 Ma ago) over the Eastern Desert and was followed by a further period of about 50 Ma of late to post-tectonic activity. The regional structures originated mainly during post-collisional events, starting with those related to extensional collapse (molasse basin formation, normal faulting, generation of metamorphic core complexes). Subsequent N N W S S E shortening is documented by large-scale thrusting (towards the NNW) and folding, distributed over the Eastern Desert, although with variable intensity. Thrusts are overprinted by transpression, which was localized to particular shear zones. Early transpression produced, for example, the Allaqi shear zone and final transpression is documented in the Najd and Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein R. O. Greiling (I~) M. M. Abdeen A. H. N. Rice Geologisch-Pal~iontologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitfit, INF 234, Fax: (0 62 21) 56 55 03 D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany M. M. Abdeen A. A. Dardir " M. F. Sadek Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority, 3 Salah Salem Road, Abbassiya, Cairo, Egypt H. E1 Akhal Department of Earth Science, University of Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan M. F. E1 Rarely • A. F. Osman Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt G. M. Kamal E1 Din A. A. Rashwan Geology Department, Quena Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Quena, Egypt zones. Two terrane boundaries can be defined, the Allaqi and South Hafafit Sutures, which are apparently linked by the high angle sinistral strike-slip Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein shear zone with a tectonic transport of about 300 km towards the W/NW. In general, the tectonic evolution shows that extensional collapse is not necessarily the final stage of orogeny, but may be followed by further compressional and transpressional tectonism. The late Pan-African high angle faults were reactivated during Red Sea tectonics both as Riedel shears and normal faults, where they were oriented favourably with respect to the actual stress regime.
[Prognostic value of cytokines and neurohormones in severe heart failure].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The screening of candidates for heart transplantation continues to present difficulties. High plasma levels of cytokines and neurohormones have been associated with a poor prognosis in heart failure but their usefulness for identifying candidates for heart transplantation is still not established.


METHODS
In 83 patients (59 11 years old), with systolic left ventricular dysfunction and New York Heart Association functional class III-IV, we assessed levels of aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, endothelin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.


RESULTS
Over the following year, 13 patients died and 26 received heart transplantation. Mean ejection fraction was 23 6%, end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters were 73 10 and 60 10 mm, respectively. Univariate analysis identified the following variables to be associated with poor prognosis: angiotensin II (p = 0.001), norepinephrine (p = 0.003), plasma renin activity (p = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), end-diastolic diameter (p = 0.02) and end-systolic diameter (p = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis identified the following variables to be independent predictors of death or need for heart transplantation: a low cardiac index (p = 0.007), plasma angiotensin II (p = 0.001) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p = 0.04) The sensitivity and specificity of angiotensin II for predicting poor outcome was only moderate according to interpretation of the receiver operating curves.


CONCLUSIONS
Although plasma angiotensin II was the best neurohormone for identifying patients with severe heart failure and the worst prognosis, its sensitivity and specificity for predicting death or the need for heart transplantation was limited. The decision to transplant should continue to be based on clinical and hemodynamic parameters.
MUZZLE BLAST DETECTION VIA SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM

A projectile's trajectory can be estimated by measuring the arrival times of the acoustic energy at several locations in space. In case of a supersonic projectile fired from a gun, both the acoustic shockwave and muzzle blast can be observed. For acoustic sensor networks attempting to determine the trajectory, the challenge is to first, correctly classify the transient signal as either a shockwave or a muzzle blast and then, calculate the direction of arrival based on arrival times across a sensor array. This can be challenging when the shockwave has lost substantial high frequency content. Various joint time-frequency techniques can be used to classify these signatures, such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) and wavelet analysis [1]. This paper presents a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) technique that was implemented in a shooter localization application. The application is built on a sensor network developed by the Network Embedded Systems Technology group at Institute for Software Integrated Systems, at the Vanderbilt University [2]. The ad-hoc sensor network consists of a large number of independent motes, each equipped with a multi-purpose acoustic sensor board (MicroBee). The MicroBee board has two independent acoustic channels (each with a microphone, amplifier with controllable gain and ADC operating up to 100 kHz) and an ADSP-2189 16 bit fixed-point DSP processor. The presented technique focuses on the muzzle blast detection, however, similar techniques can be used also for the shockwave signature detection. Elements of the algorithms proposed by [3] are utilized in the presented technique with more emphasis laid on realization aspects.
Factors that influence the development of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in emergency department nurses.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in emergency department nurses throughout the United States and (b) to examine which demographic and work-related components affect the development of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in this nursing specialty.


DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a nonexperimental, descriptive, and predictive study using a self-administered survey. Survey packets including a demographic questionnaire and the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5) were mailed to 1,000 selected emergency nurses throughout the United States. The ProQOL 5 scale was used to measure the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among emergency department nurses. Multiple regression using stepwise solution was employed to determine which variables of demographics and work-related characteristics predicted the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. The α level was set at .05 for statistical significance.


FINDINGS
The results revealed overall low to average levels of compassion fatigue and burnout and generally average to high levels of compassion satisfaction among this group of emergency department nurses. The low level of manager support was a significant predictor of higher levels of burnout and compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses, while a high level of manager support contributed to a higher level of compassion satisfaction.


CONCLUSIONS
The results may serve to help distinguish elements in emergency department nurses' work and life that are related to compassion satisfaction and may identify factors associated with higher levels of compassion fatigue and burnout.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Improving recognition and awareness of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among emergency department nurses may prevent emotional exhaustion and help identify interventions that will help nurses remain empathetic and compassionate professionals.
A survey on sensor networks

Wireless micro sensor networks have been identified as one of the most important technologies for the 21st century. This paper traces the history of research in sensor networks over the past three decades, including two important programs of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) spanning this period: the Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) and the Sensor Information Technology (SensIT) programs. Technology trends that impact the development of sensor networks are reviewed and new applications such as infrastructure security, habitat monitoring, and traffic control are presented. Technical challenges in sensor network development include network discovery, control and routing, collaborative signal and information processing, tasking and querying, and security. The paper concludes by presenting some recent research results in sensor network algorithms, including localized algorithms and directed diffusion, distributed tracking in wireless ad hoc networks, and distributed classification using local agents. Keywords— Collaborative signal processing, micro sensors, net-work routing and control, querying and tasking, sensor networks, tracking and classification, wireless networks.
Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules

IA. Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 1.2. Prerequisites of Selforganization . . . . . . . 467 1.2.3. Evolut ion Must S ta r t f rom R andom Even ts 467 1.2.2. Ins t ruc t ion Requires In format ion . . . . 467 1.2.3. In format ion Originates or Gains Value by S e l e c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 1.2.4. Selection Occurs wi th Special Substances under Special Conditions . . . . . . . . 470
A 55dB SNR with 240Hz frame scan rate mutual capacitor 30×24 touch-screen panel read-out IC using code-division multiple sensing technique

Capacitive touch-screen technology introduces new concepts to user interfaces, such as multi-touch, pinch zoom-in/out gestures, thus expanding the smartphone market. However, capacitive touch-screen technology still suffers from performance degradation like a low frame scan rate and poor accuracy, etc. One of the key performance factors is the immunity to external noise, which intrudes randomly into the touch-screen system. HUM, display noise, and SMPS are such noise sources. The main electrical power source produces HUM, one of the most important sources of noise, which has a 50 or 60Hz component. Display noise is emitted when an LCD or OLED is driven by the internal timing controller, which generates the driving signal in the tens of kHz range. The touch performance of On-Cell or In-Cell touch displays is seriously affected by this kind of noise, because the distance between the display pixel layer and the capacitive touchscreen panel is getting smaller. SMPS is another noise source that ranges up to 300kHz. The charger for a smart-phone, the USB port in a computer, a tri-phosphor fluorescent light bulb are all examples of sources of SMPS. There have been many attempts to remove such noise. Amplitude modulation with frequency hopping is proposed in [1]. However, when the noise environment changes, this method needs recalibration, resulting in non-constant touch response time. Another method tries to filter the noise from the display [2], but it does not remove other noise sources like HUM or SMPS.
The effect of animated transitions in zooming interfaces

Zooming interfaces use animated transitions to smoothly shift the users view between different scales of the workspace. Animated transitions assist in preserving the spatial relationships between views. However, they also increase the overall interaction time. To identify whether zooming interfaces should take advantage of animations, we carried out one experiment that explores the effects of smooth transitions on a spatial task. With metro maps, users were asked to identify the number of metro stops between different subway lines with and without animated zoom-in/out transitions. The results of the experiment show that animated transitions can have significant benefits on user performance - participants in the animation conditions were twice as fast and overall made fewer errors than in the non-animated conditions. In addition, short animations were found to be as effective as long ones, suggesting that some of the costs of animations can be avoided. Users also preferred interacting with animated transitions than without. Our study gives empirical evidence on the benefits of animated transitions in zooming interfaces.
Mode Control Strategy for a Two-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Electrically Variable Transmission (EVT) and Fixed-Gear Mode

A mode control strategy for a two-mode hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a fixed-gear mode is proposed, considering wheel torque demand while minimizing fuel consumption. First, the dynamic equations of a power-split HEV are derived, and these equations consist of two electrically variable transmission modes and four fixed-gear modes. Using the dynamic equations, the optimal operation mode is selected from the viewpoint of the maximum available output torque with respect to the driver's demand and vehicle velocity. Next, an optimized mode selection map is constructed using optimization to minimize fuel consumption while satisfying the required wheel torque. We note that fixed-gear mode uses the fixed-gear mode 1 to implement a higher gear ratio if the vehicle speed is low and if the required output torque is large, as in a conventional automatic transmission shift map, and selects the fixed-gear mode 4 to implement a lower gear ratio if the vehicle speed is high and if the required output torque is low. A vehicle simulation was performed to verify the mode control algorithm of the two-mode HEV, and the results were compared with vehicle experimental results. The simulation results showed that the mode control strategy for the two-mode HEV gave satisfactory performance, similar to the experiment results.
Measuring Port Efficiency : An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis *

Available studies have not provided a satisfactory answer to the problem of making international comparisons of port efficiency. This study applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) to provide an efficiency ranking for five Australian and eighteen other international container ports. While DEA has been applied to a wide number of different situations where efficiency comparisons are required, this technique has not previously been applied to ports. The DEA technique is useful in resolving the measurement of port efficiency because the calculations are nonparametric and do not require specification or knowledge of a priori weights for the inputs or outputs, as is required for estimation of efficiency using production functions. * G. Poitras is an Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada, J. Tongzon is a Sr. Lecturer, Department of Economics and Statistics, National University of Singapore and H. Li is a Lecturer, Department of Decision Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore. This article was written while G. Poitras was a visiting Sr. Fellow with the Department of Economics and Statistics, National University of Singapore. Measuring Port Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
Flaming on YouTube

Flaming is defined as " displaying hostility by insulting, swearing or using otherwise offensive language. " It seems to be common in comments on the video sharing website YouTube. In this explorative study, flaming on YouTube was studied using surveys among YouTube users. Three general conclusions were drawn. First, flaming is indeed very common on YouTube, although many users say not to flame themselves. Second, views on flaming are varied, but more often negative than positive. Some people refrain from uploading videos because of flaming, but most users do not think of flaming as a problem for themselves. Third, several explanations of flaming were found to be plausible, among which were perceived flaming norms and reduced awareness of other people's feelings. Although some YouTube users flame for entertainment, flaming is more often meant to express disagreement or to respond to perceived offense by others. A.1 Invitation for " Senders " 49 A.2 Invitation for " Receivers " 49 A.3 Invitation to the General Questionnaire 49 Appendix B – Questionnaires 51 B.1 Items Measuring Background Variables 51 B.2 The Last Page 51 B.3 Questionnaire for " Senders " 51 B.4 Questionnaire for " Receivers " 53 B.5 General Questionnaire 54
Comparative risk of hospitalized infection between biological agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan

OBJECTIVE
Knowing the risk of hospitalized infection associated with individual biological agents is an important factor in selecting the best treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study examined the comparative risk of hospitalized infection between biological agents in a routine care setting.


METHODS
We used data for all RA patients who had first begun biological therapy at rheumatology divisions of participating community hospitals in Japan between January 2009 and December 2014. New treatment episodes with etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, abatacept, or tocilizumab were included. Patients were allowed to contribute multiple treatment episodes with different biological agents. Incidence rates (IRs) of hospitalized infection during the first year of follow-up were examined. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for overall hospitalized infection and for pulmonary hospitalized infection, adjusting for possible confounders.


RESULTS
A total of 1596 new treatment episodes were identified. The incidence of overall hospitalized infection during the first year was 86 with 1239 person-years (PYs), yielding a crude IR of 6.9 per 100 PYs (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-8.6). After correction for confounders, no significant difference in risk of hospitalized infection was observed between treatment groups: adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.54 (0.78-3.04) for infliximab, 1.72 (0.88-3.34) for adalimumab, 1.11 (0.55-2.21) for abatacept, and 1.02 (0.55-1.87) for tocilizumab compared with etanercept. Patient-specific factors such as age, RA functional class, body mass index (BMI), prednisolone use, and chronic lung disease contributed more to the risk of hospitalized infection than specific biological agents. The incidence of pulmonary hospitalized infection was 50 and a crude IR of 4.0 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 3.1-5.3). After adjustment for confounders, adalimumab had a significantly higher HR for pulmonary hospitalized infection compared with tocilizumab: an adjusted HR (95% CI) was 4.43 (1.72-11.37) for adalimumab. BMI, prednisolone use, diabetes mellitus, and chronic lung disease were also significant factors associated with the risk of pulmonary hospitalized infection.


CONCLUSIONS
The magnitude of the risk of overall hospitalized infection was not determined by the type of biological agents, and patient-specific risk factors had more impact on the risk of hospitalized infection. For pulmonary hospitalized infections, the use of adalimumab was significantly associated with a greater risk of this complication than tocilizumab use.
The Impact of Capabilities and Prior Investments on Online Channel Commitment and Performance

Attracted by the promise of greater market exposure and increased revenues, firms across a wide variety of industries have undertaken significant investments in online channels. However, while some firms’ entire business models revolve around this initiative, others have made only limited commitments to online channel ventures. What accounts for these marked differences in commitment to online initiatives, and do firms reap the performance benefits of increased levels of commitment? Furthermore, how do firms’ internal and external capabilities affect their propensity to establish 110 HULLAND, WADE, AND ANTIA and succeed with online channel ventures? Drawing on marketing, innovation, and information systems perspectives, along with insights from the resource-based view of the firm, we propose an integrative conceptual framework that helps answer these questions. We ground our hypotheses in the context of retailers’ online channel development efforts, and test our conceptual framework with data collected via a Web-based survey of 550 retailers. We find evidence of significant positive returns to investments in online channels. Furthermore, we observe the divergent effects of different sets of capabilities on commitment and performance. Importantly, although we find that the direct effect of firms’ information systems capabilities on online performance appears to be negative, the indirect effect (mediated by commitment) is positive. Our study also examines the impact of firms’ established distribution channels on levels of commitment to, and performance of, the online channel. We find that firms’ established distribution channels act as double-edged swords, with divergent effects on commitment and performance. We also find evidence of diminishing returns to commitment as a function of established distribution presence, thereby suggesting that the rewards of commitment do not accrue equally to all firms.
Does regular repositioning prevent pressure ulcers?

BACKGROUND
Prolonged exposure to pressure is the primary etiologic factor of a pressure ulcer (PU) and effective preventive interventions must avoid or minimize this exposure. Therefore, frequent repositioning of the patient has long been recommended as a means of preventing PU.


OBJECTIVES
To review the evidence on the efficacy of repositioning as a PU prevention intervention.


SEARCH STRATEGY
A systematic review of electronic databases MEDLINE and CINAHL, from January 1960 to July 2008, was undertaken. Studies were limited to prospective randomized clinical trials or quasi-experimental studies that compared repositioning to any other preventive interventions or any study that compared various techniques of repositioning such as turning frequency. Only those studies that measured the primary outcome of interest, PU incidence, were included in our review.


RESULTS
Limited evidence suggests that repositioning every 4 hours, when combined with an appropriate pressure redistribution surface, is just as effective for the prevention of facility- acquired PUs as a more frequent (every 2 hour) regimen. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether a 30 degrees lateral position is superior to a 90 degrees lateral position or a semi-Fowler's position.


IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
The current regulatory and legal environment has focused increased attention on PU prevention. Pressure redistribution methods and the frequency of application are among the first factors scrutinized when a PU develops. Our clinical experience validates that regular movement of the immobilized patient is important, but evidence defining the optimal frequency of repositioning or optimal positioning is lacking.