LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Synaesthesia — A Window Into Perception , Thought and Language

We investigated grapheme–colour synaesthesia and found that: (1) The induced colours led to perceptual grouping and pop-out, (2) a grapheme rendered invisible through ‘crowding’ or lateral masking induced synaesthetic colours — a form of blindsight — and (3) peripherally presented graphemes did not induce colours even when they were clearly visible. Taken collectively, these and other experiments prove conclusively that synaesthesia is a genuine perceptual phenomenon, not an effect based on memory associations from childhood or on vague metaphorical speech. We identify different subtypes of number–colour synaesthesia and propose that they are caused by hyperconnectivity between colour and number areas at different stages in processing; lower synaesthetes may have cross-wiring (or cross-activation) within the fusiform gyrus, whereas higher synaesthetes may have cross-activation in the angular gyrus. This hyperconnectivity might be caused by a genetic mutation that causes defective pruning of connections between brain maps. The mutation may further be expressed selectively (due to transcription factors) in the fusiform or angular gyri, and this may explain the existence of different forms of synaesthesia. If expressed very diffusely, there may be extensive cross-wiring between brain regions that represent abstract concepts, which would explain the link between creativity, metaphor and synaesthesia (and the higher incidence of synaesthesia among artists and poets). Also, hyperconnectivity between the sensory cortex and amygdala would explain the heightened aversion synaesthetes experience when seeing numbers printed in the ‘wrong’ colour. Lastly, kindling (induced hyperconnectivity in the temporal lobes of temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE] patients) may explain the purported higher incidence of synaesthesia in these patients . We conclude with a synaesthesia-based theory of the evolution of language. Thus, our experiments on synaesthesia and our theoretical framework attempt to link several seemingly unrelated facts about the human mind. Far from being a mere curiosity, synaesthesia may provide a window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, No. 12, 2001, pp. 3–34 Correspondence: Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. 0109, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, e-mail: vramacha@ucsd.edu
LPG Gas-Sensing System With $\hbox{SnO}_{2}$  Thin-Film Transducer and 0.7-$\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS Signal Conditioning ASIC

The design and implementation of a complete gas sensor system for liquified petroleum gas (LPG) gas sensing are presented. The system consists of a SnO2 transducer, a lowcost heater, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with front-end interface circuitry, and a microcontroller interface for data logging. The ASIC includes a relaxation-oscillator-based heater driver circuit that is capable of controlling the sensor operating temperature from 100degC to 425degC. The sensor readout circuit in the ASIC, which is based on the resistance to time conversion technique, has been designed to measure the gas sensor response over three orders of resistance change during its interaction with gases.
Electric field effect on metallic particle contamination in a common enclosure gas insulated busduct

Sulphur hexaflouride (SF6) is generally found to be very sensitive to field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants. A study of CIGRE group suggests that 20% of failures in gas insulated substations (GIS) is due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. The presence of contamination can therefore be a problem with gas-insulated substations operating at high fields. If the effects of these particles could be eliminated, then this would improve the reliability of compressed gas insulated substation. It would also offer the possibility of operating at higher fields to affect a potential reduction in the GIS size with subsequent savings in the cost of manufacture and installation. The purpose of this paper is to develop techniques, which will formulate the basic equations that will govern the movement of metallic particles like aluminum and copper in a bus duct. The simulation considers the electric field effect on particle movement and the results have been presented and analyzed
The effects of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine or placebo on markers of mood, cognitive function, power, speed, and agility

Background Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha-GPC) and caffeine supplementation have been shown to improve mental and physical performance. Alpha-GPC administration increases the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and facilitates learning and memory. In athletes, Alpha-GPC supplementation prevents exerciseinduced reductions in choline levels, increases endurance performance and growth hormone secretion. Caffeine has been shown to increase mental focus, acuity and athletic performance, however, contributes to a nervous or anxious feeling. The purpose of this study was to measure the acute effects of Alpha-GPC supplementation in comparison to caffeine or placebo on mood, cognitive function, and physiological performance.
Initiate Insulin by Aggressive Titration and Education (INITIATE): a randomized study to compare initiation of insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetic patients individually and in groups.

OBJECTIVE
Insulin is often postponed for years because initiation is time-consuming. We sought to compare initiation of insulin individually and in groups with respect to change in A1C and several other parameters in type 2 diabetic patients.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized (1:1), multicenter, two-arm, parallel design study with a recruiting period of up to 14 weeks and a 24-week treatment period. Either in groups of 4-8 or individually, using the same personnel and education program, 121 insulin-naive type 2 diabetic patients with an A1C of 7.0-12.0% were randomized to initiate bedtime insulin glargine. The patients visited the treatment center before and at the time of insulin initiation and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Patients self-adjusted the insulin dose to achieve a fasting plasma glucose 4.0-5.5 mmol/l.


RESULTS
At 24 weeks, mean +/- SE A1C had decreased from 8.7 +/- 0.2 to 6.9 +/- 0.1% in those treated individually and from 8.8 +/- 0.2 to 6.8 +/- 0.1% in those in groups (not significant [NS]). Insulin doses averaged 62 +/- 5 IU and 56 +/- 5 IU at 24 weeks (NS), respectively. The frequency of hypoglycemia was similar. The total time (visits and phone calls) spent in initiating insulin in the patients in groups (2.2 +/- 0.1 h) was 48% less than in those treated individually (4.2 +/- 0.2 h). Diabetes treatment satisfaction improved significantly in both sets of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Similar glycemic control and treatment satisfaction can be achieved by initiating insulin in groups and individually. Starting insulin in groups takes one-half as much time as individual initiation.
Myo-Inositol in the Treatment of Teenagers Affected by PCOS

Objective. To compare the effectiveness of myo-inositol (MI) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) in monotherapy and MI in combination with OCPs in the treatment of teenagers affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods. 61 adolescent girls aged 13-19 years, with PCOS, were involved in the prospective, open-label study. Patients were randomized into three groups: I group, 20 patients receiving drospirenone 3 mg/ethinyl estradiol 30 μg; II group, 20 patients receiving 4 g myo-inositol plus 400 mg folic acid; III group, 21 patients receiving both medications. Results. After receiving MI significant reduction in weight, BMI, glucose, C-peptide, insulin, HOMA-IR, FT, and LH was detected. The levels of SHBG, TT, FAI, DHEA-S, and AMH did not change statistically significantly. After receiving OCPs weight and BMI slightly increased, but metabolic parameters did not change. Combination of MI and OCPs did not change weight and BMI, but reduction in C-peptide, insulin, and HOMA-IR was detected. TT, FT, FAI, DHEA-S, LH, and AMH levels decreased and SHBG increased. Conclusions. Administration of MI is a safe and effective method to prevent and correct metabolic disorders in teenagers affected by PCOS. With combination of MI and OCPs antiandrogenic effects are enhanced, negative impact of OCPs on weight gain is balanced, and metabolic profile is improved.
Treatment of Pelvic Venous Spur (May–Thurner Syndrome) with Self-Expanding Metallic Endoprostheses

Purpose: The application of self-expanding metallic endoprostheses (stents) to treat symptomatic pelvic venous spurs as an alternative to surgery. Methods: Wallstents with a diameter from 14 to 16 mm and one Cragg stent were placed in the left common iliac vein of eight patients (seven women, one man; mean age 42 years) with a symptomatic pelvic venous spur (left deep venous thrombosis or post-thrombotic leg swelling). Four patients had surgical thrombectomy prior to stent placement. Results: Technical success with immediate reduction of left leg circumference was achieved in all eight patients. A primary patency rate of 100% was observed during an average follow-up of 3 years (range 10–121 months). There were no procedural or stent-related complications. Conclusion: The percutaneous transfemoral placement of self-expanding metallic stents is an effective minimally invasive alternative to surgery in the treatment of symptomatic pelvic venous spur.
Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children.

BACKGROUND
Most prevalence studies on molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) were carried out in European countries, and data from the East-Asian populations were lacking.


AIM
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH in Hong Kong Chinese children.


DESIGN
Since 2006, charting of teeth with MIH was included into the routine dental examination in a school dental clinic. The dental records of grade 6 primary school children who attended annual check-up in this clinic in 2006 were subsequently reviewed retrospectively. The records were selected for this study if the charting indicated that the children were affected by MIH.


RESULTS
A total of 2635 records were reviewed and 73 cases of MIH were identified. The prevalence of MIH in this group of children was 2.8%. Their mean age was 12, and the male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1.2. The mean decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth value of those affected was 1.5, which was higher than that of the general Hong Kong Chinese children aged 12 years old (0.8). A total of 192 teeth were affected. The most commonly affected teeth were permanent maxillary first molars, followed by mandibular first molars and maxillary central incisors. Dental fillings and fissure sealants were found in 52 (38%) and 65 (47%) permanent first molars with hypomineralization, respectively. Medical histories were unremarkable in 60 children, whereas early childhood diseases were reported in 13 cases.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MIH in the permanent dentition of Hong Kong Chinese children was 2.8%. Children with MIH showed higher caries experience in the permanent dentition than the general population of similar age.
Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Promise

The growth of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) is actively involved in a number of pathological processes including tissue inflammation and tumor dissemination but is insufficient in patients suffering from lymphedema, a debilitating condition characterized by chronic tissue edema and impaired immunity. The recent explosion of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms governing lymphangiogenesis provides new possibilities to treat these diseases.
Policy as Linear and Nonlinear Science.

Three well known case studies are used to explore the limits of science in policy implementation. The analysis in this research maps significant events in the case studies and associates these with policy or non‐policy influence. Sources of uncertainty are described and the science of chaos introduced as a possible interpretive framework for extending policy science.
Research Progress of Ferro-matrix Surface Composites and Its In-situ Synthesis Techniques

The research situation and progress of ferro-matrix surface composite and its in-situ synthesis techniques were summarized including materials design, process and fabrication principle. Some problems and challenge in this field are briefly introduced.
Protein hydrolysate co-ingestion does not modulate 24 h glycemic control in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients

Objective:Evaluate the efficacy of protein hydrolysate co-ingestion as a dietary strategy to improve blood glucose homeostasis under free-living conditions in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:A total of 13 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind cross-over design and studied on two occasions for 40 h under strict dietary standardization but otherwise normal, free-living conditions. In one trial, subjects ingested a protein hydrolysate (0.4 g kg−1 bw casein hydrolysate, PRO) with every main meal. In the other trial, a placebo was ingested (PLA). Blood glucose concentrations were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.Results:Average 24 h glucose concentrations were similar between the PLA and the PRO trials (8.9±0.8 vs 9.2±0.7 mmol l−1, respectively). Hyperglycemia (glucose concentrations >10 mmol l−1) was experienced 34±9% of the time (8±2 h per 24 h) in the PLA trial. Protein hydrolysate co-ingestion with each main meal (PRO) did not reduce the prevalence of hyperglycemia (39±10%, 9±2 h per 24 h; P=0.2).Conclusion:Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with each main meal does not improve glucose homeostasis over a 24 h period in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients.
Market Basket Analysis with Data Mining methods

This paper describes the way of Market Basket Analysis implementation to Six Sigma methodology. Data Mining methods provide a lot of opportunities in the market sector. Basket Market Analysis is one of them. Six Sigma methodology uses several statistical methods. With implementation of Market Basket Analysis (as a part of Data Mining) to Six Sigma (to one of its phase), we can improve the results and change the Sigma performance level of the process. In our research we used GRI (General Rule Induction) algorithm to produce association rules between products in the market basket. These associations show a variety between the products. To show the dependence between the products we used a Web plot. The last algorithm in analysis was C5.0. This algorithm was used to build rule-based profiles.
An RFID based system for monitoring free weight exercises

In this paper we present preliminary results and future directions of work for a project in which we are building an RFID based system to sense and monitor free weight exercises.
Tunable Multiband Handset Antenna Operating at VHF and UHF Bands

A compact multiband tunable PIFA system using a varactor as an active tuning component is presented covering 88-2175 MHz. The antenna was designed to cover the mobile telephone bands (GSM850, 900, 1800, 1900, UMTS) by controlling the value of the capacitance across the gap in the slotted PIFA and two broadcast bands, FM radio (76-108 MHz) & mobile television DVB-H (470-702 MHz), were added by designing an appropriate matching circuit into the system. The antenna measured λ/15 × λ/43 × λ/19 at 470 MHz and was easily integrated into a small mobile phone handset. Simulations are verified by measurements.
From dynamic movement primitives to associative skill memories

In recent years, research on movement primitives has gained increasing popularity. The original goals of movement primitives are based on the desire to have a sufficiently rich and abstract representation for movement generation, which allows for efficient teaching, trial-and-error learning, and generalization of motor skills (Schaal 1999). Thus,motor skills in robots should be acquired in a natural dialogwith humans, e.g., by imitation learning and shaping, while skill refinement and generalization should be accomplished autonomously by the robot. Such a scenario resembles the way we teach children and connects to the bigger question of how the human brain accomplishes skill learning. In this paper, we review how a particular computational approach to movement primitives, called dynamic movement primitives, can contribute to learning motor skills. We will address imitation learning, generalization, trial-and-error learning by reinforcement learning, movement recognition, and control based on movement primitives. But we also want to go beyond the standard goals of movement primitives. The stereotypical movement generation with movement primitives entails predicting of sensory events in the environment. Indeed, all the sensory events associated with a movement primitive form an associative skill memory that has the potential of forming a most powerful representation of a complete motor skill. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The rehabilitation of face recognition impairments: a critical review and future directions

While much research has investigated the neural and cognitive characteristics of face recognition impairments (prosopagnosia), much less work has examined their rehabilitation. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the studies that have attempted to improve face-processing skills in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia, and place them in the context of the wider neurorehabilitation literature. First, we examine whether neuroplasticity within the typical face-processing system varies across the lifespan, in order to examine whether timing of intervention may be crucial. Second, we examine reports of interventions in acquired prosopagnosia, where training in compensatory strategies has had some success. Third, we examine reports of interventions in developmental prosopagnosia, where compensatory training in children and remedial training in adults have both been successful. However, the gains are somewhat limited-compensatory strategies have resulted in labored recognition techniques and limited generalization to untrained faces, and remedial techniques require longer periods of training and result in limited maintenance of gains. Critically, intervention suitability and outcome in both forms of the condition likely depends on a complex interaction of factors, including prosopagnosia severity, the precise functional locus of the impairment, and individual differences such as age. Finally, we discuss future directions in the rehabilitation of prosopagnosia, and the possibility of boosting the effects of cognitive training programmes by simultaneous administration of oxytocin or non-invasive brain stimulation. We conclude that future work using more systematic methods and larger participant groups is clearly required, and in the case of developmental prosopagnosia, there is an urgent need to develop early detection and remediation tools for children, in order to optimize intervention outcome.
Experience with molluscum contagiosum and associated inflammatory reactions in a pediatric dermatology practice: the bump that rashes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency, epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic significance of inflamed molluscum contagiosum (MC) lesions, molluscum dermatitis, reactive papular eruptions resembling Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, and atopic dermatitis in patients with MC. DESIGN Retrospective medical chart review. SETTING University-based pediatric dermatology practice. PATIENTS A total of 696 patients (mean age, 5.5 years) with molluscum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequencies, characteristics, and associated features of inflammatory reactions to MC in patients with and without atopic dermatitis. RESULTS Molluscum dermatitis, inflamed MC lesions, and Gianotti-Crosti syndrome-like reactions (GCLRs) occurred in 270 (38.8%), 155 (22.3%), and 34 (4.9%) of the patients, respectively. A total of 259 patients (37.2%) had a history of atopic dermatitis. Individuals with atopic dermatitis had higher numbers of MC lesions (P < .001) and an increased likelihood of molluscum dermatitis (50.6% vs 31.8%; P < .001). In patients with molluscum dermatitis, numbers of MC lesions increased during the next 3 months in 23.4% of those treated with a topical corticosteroid and 33.3% of those not treated with a topical corticosteroid, compared with 16.8% of patients without dermatitis. Patients with inflamed MC lesions were less likely to have an increased number of MC lesions over the next 3 months than patients without inflamed MC lesions or dermatitis (5.2% vs 18.4%; P < .03). The GCLRs were associated with inflamed MC lesion (P < .001), favored the elbows and knees, tended to be pruritic, and often heralded resolution of MC. Two patients developed unilateral laterothoracic exanthem-like eruptions. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory reactions to MC, including the previously underrecognized GCLR, are common. Treatment of molluscum dermatitis can reduce spread of MC via autoinoculation from scratching, whereas inflamed MC lesions and GCLRs reflect cell-mediated immune responses that may lead to viral clearance.
Adoption of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among farmers in Mbeya Rural district, Tanzania: A case of Ilungu ward

1 SUMMARY This study was carried out in Ilungu ward Mbeya Rural district, Tanzania to assess adoption of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among farmers. Specific objectives were identification of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes farming disseminated in the area; to determine extent of adoption of these technologies; and identification of factors influencing adoption. Study design was a crosssectional survey in two randomly selected villages from the ward in which 60 households were involved. Quantitative data from household heads were collected in the area using a structured questionnaire. In-depth interviews with extension officers were also carried out to obtain relevant data for the study. Results indicate that a range of improved agricultural technologies (eight technologies) have been disseminated in the area by extension agents. Extent of adoption among farmers varied with type of technology. Seeding rate, timely sowing and fungicide application were the highly adopted technologies. Each of these technologies was adopted by at least 80% of surveyed households. Improved varieties and pesticide application were used by 58% and 51% of the surveyed households, respectively and hence moderately adopted technologies. Least adopted technologies were recommended chemical fertilizer application rate as well as folial/booster fertilizer application which were used by nearly onethird of surveyed households, and recommended spacing which was not used by any of the surveyed households. Assessed by number of technologies adopted (overall adoption), results indicate half of surveyed households to have adopted not more than three out of eight of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes disseminated in the area, reflecting poor overall adoption by a significant portion of surveyed households. Results for Multiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that increased household income, being a male or married by a household head, increased farming experience, access to credit and extension services were positively and significantly associated with overall adoption. Based on these results recommendations for improving adoption have been indicated.