LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced ESIM Model for Sentence Pair Matching with Self-Attention

School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China Corresponding Author: renfeiliang@cse.neu.edu.cn Abstract. Sentence pair matching is one of the most basic tasks in natural language processing and is receiving extensive research attention. Most of existing models can be categorized into sentence interaction-based models and sentence encoding-based models. Here we propose a new enhanced ESIM model that could take full advantage of both these two kinds of methods. Specifically, our method can obtain the common information of a sentence pair as the sentence interaction-based models do, and can also extract the key information of a sentence pair itself as the sentence encoding-based models do. Besides, our method also uses Siamese networks to learn a unique structure to naturally rank the similarity between two sentences, which reduces both the model complexity and the size of parameters. With the proposed method, we participated in the task-3 of CCKS2018, which is called as WeBank Intelligent Customer Service Question Match. Finally, our method ranks the first among the hugely competitive models.
Characterization of Tumor Size Changes Over Time From the Phase 3 Study of Lenvatinib in Thyroid Cancer

CONTEXT
Lenvatinib improved the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate of patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer vs placebo in the Phase 3 Study of (E7080) Lenvatinib in Differentiated Cancer of the Thyroid (SELECT).


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to characterize tumor size changes with lenvatinib treatment.


DESIGN
SELECT was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.


SETTING
In this clinical trial, tumor assessments of lenvatinib (n = 261) and placebo-treated (n = 131) patients were performed by independent radiological review per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version, 1.1 at 8-week intervals.


PATIENTS
Patients with complete or partial response were defined as responders to lenvatinib (n = 169). Of the 92 nonresponders, 76 had at least one postbaseline tumor assessment and were included in this analysis.


INTERVENTIONS
Lenvatinib (24 mg once daily) or placebo in 28-day cycles until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or death.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
This was an exploratory analysis of key end points from SELECT, including PFS, overall response rate, and tumor reduction.


RESULTS
The median maximum percentage change in tumor size was -42.9% for patients receiving lenvatinib (responders, -51.9%; nonresponders, -20.2%). Tumor size reduction was most pronounced at first assessment (median, -24.7% at 8 wk after randomization); thereafter, the rate of change was slower but continuous (-1.3% per mo). In a multivariate model, percentage change in tumor size at the first assessment was a marginally significant positive predictor for PFS (P = .06).


CONCLUSIONS
The change in tumor size conferred by lenvatinib was characterized by two phases: an initial, rapid decline, followed by slower, continuous shrinkage.
A Study of Concrete Slab Damage Detection Based on the Electromechanical Impedance Method

Piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is being gradually applied into practice as a new intelligent material for structural health monitoring. In order to study the damage detection properties of PZT on concrete slabs, simply supported reinforced concrete slabs with piezoelectric patches attached to their surfaces were chosen as the research objects and the Electromechanical Impedance method (EMI) was adopted for research. Five kinds of damage condition were designed to test the impedance values at different frequency bands. Consistent rules are found by calculation and analysis. Both the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the correlation coefficient deviation (CCD) damage indices are capable of detecting the structural damage. The newly proposed damage index Ry/Rx can also predict the changes well. The numerical and experimental studies verify that the Electromechanical Impedance method can accurately predict changes in the amount of damage in reinforced concrete slabs. The damage index changes regularly with the distance of damages to the sensor. This relationship can be used to determine the damage location. The newly proposed damage index Ry/Rx is accurate in determining the damage location.
Do Perceived Leadership Behaviors Affect User Technology Beliefs? An Examination of the Impact of Project Champions and Direct Managers

Understanding the managerial influence on user beliefs of information technology (IT) has been an important concern to the IT adoption research. Our study contributes by examining relationships between managers’ leadership behavior and user technology beliefs. Drawing on the transformational leadership theory [Bass 1985], we develop a research model comparing the effect of leadership behaviors of two managerial roles project champions and direct managers on user technology beliefs. Our cross-sectional survey across 138 users in five organizations suggests that project champions and direct managers’ leadership behaviors exercise different influences on users’ technology beliefs. Implications of this study on research and practice are discussed.
Computer-Aided Colorectal Tumor Classification in NBI Endoscopy Using CNN Features

An early detection of colorectal cancer through colorectal endoscopy is important and widely used in hospitals as a standard medical procedure. During colonoscopy, the lesions of colorectal tumors on the colon surface are visually inspected by a Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) zoom-videoendoscope. By using the visual appearance of colorectal tumors in endoscopic images, histological diagnosis is presumed based on classification schemes for NBI magnification findings. In this paper, we report on the performance of a recognition system for classifying NBI images of colorectal tumors into three types (A, B, and C3) based on the NBI magnification findings. To deal with the problem of computer-aided classification of NBI images, we explore a local feature-based recognition method, bag-of-visual-words (BoW), and provide extensive experiments on a variety of technical aspects. The proposed prototype system, used in the experiments, consists of a bag-of-visual-words representation of local features followed by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. A number of local features are extracted by using sampling schemes such as Difference-of-Gaussians and grid sampling. In addition, in this paper we propose a new combination of local features and sampling schemes. Extensive experiments with varying the parameters for each component are carried out, for the performance of the system is usually affected by those parameters, e.g. the sampling strategy for the local features, the representation of the local feature histograms, the kernel types of the SVM classifiers, the number of classes to be considered, etc. The recognition results are compared in terms of recognition rates, precision/recall, and F-measure for different numbers of visual words. The proposed system achieves a recognition rate of 96% for 10-fold cross validation on a real dataset of 908 NBI images collected during actual colonoscopy, and 93% for a separate test dataset.
Beating Atari with Natural Language Guided Reinforcement Learning

We introduce the first deep reinforcement learning agent that learns to beat Atari games with the aid of natural language instructions. The agent uses a multimodal embedding between environment observations and natural language to selfmonitor progress through a list of English instructions, granting itself reward for completing instructions in addition to increasing the game score. Our agent significantly outperforms Deep Q-Networks (DQNs), Asynchronous Advantage ActorCritic (A3C) agents, and the best agents posted to OpenAI Gym [4] on what is often considered the hardest Atari 2600 environment [2]: MONTEZUMA’S REVENGE. Videos of Trained MONTEZUMA’S REVENGE Agents: Our Best Current Model. Score 3500. Best Model Currently on OpenAI Gym. Score 2500. Standard A3C Agent Fails to Learn. Score 0. Figure 1: Left: An agent exploring the first room of MONTEZUMA’S REVENGE. Right: An example of the list of natural language instructions one might give the agent. The agent grants itself an additional reward after completing the current instruction. “Completion” is learned by training a generalized multimodal embedding between game images and text. ∗The authors contributed equally. 1 ar X iv :1 70 4. 05 53 9v 1 [ cs .A I] 1 8 A pr 2 01 7
The role of spirituality and religious coping in the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative radiation therapy.

OBJECTIVES
National palliative care guidelines outline spiritual care as a domain of palliative care, yet patients' religiousness and/or spirituality (R/S) are underappreciated in the palliative oncology setting. Among patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative radiation therapy (RT), this study aims to characterize patient spirituality, religiousness, and religious coping; examine the relationships of these variables to quality of life (QOL); and assess patients' perceptions of spiritual care in the cancer care setting.


METHODS
This is a multisite, cross-sectional survey of 69 patients with advanced cancer (response rate = 73%) receiving palliative RT. Scripted interviews assessed patient spirituality, religiousness, religious coping, QOL (McGill QOL Questionnaire), and perceptions of the importance of attention to spiritual needs by health providers. Multivariable models assessed the relationships of patient spirituality and R/S coping to patient QOL, controlling for other significant predictors of QOL.


RESULTS
Most participants (84%) indicated reliance on R/S beliefs to cope with cancer. Patient spirituality and religious coping were associated with improved QOL in multivariable analyses (β = 10.57, P < .001 and β = 1.28, P = .01, respectively). Most patients considered attention to spiritual concerns an important part of cancer care by physicians (87%) and nurses (85%).


LIMITATIONS
Limitations include a small sample size, a cross-sectional study design, and a limited proportion of nonwhite participants (15%) from one US region.


CONCLUSION
Patients receiving palliative RT rely on R/S beliefs to cope with advanced cancer. Furthermore, spirituality and religious coping are contributors to better QOL. These findings highlight the importance of spiritual care in advanced cancer care.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with Kawasaki disease in Turkey.

BACKGROUND
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood in the developed countries. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with KD in Turkey.


METHODS
The medical records of 24 patients treated for KD between January 1994 and June 2009 at Ankara University Medical School, Turkey were reviewed.


RESULTS
The male-to-female ratio was 1.4 : 1. The median age at diagnosis was 2 years (range: 6.5 months to 11 years). Conjunctivitis and changes in the lips and oral cavity were seen in 21/24 (87.5%), cervical lymphadenopathy 17/24 (70.8%), polymorphous rash 16/24 (66.7%) and peripheral changes in 12/24 (50%). Coronary artery abnormality (CAA) was observed in 8/24 (33.3%) cases. CAA was seen in both the complete and incomplete groups with similar frequency (31.3% vs. 37.5%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
KD must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of infants with prolonged fever.
Ursodeoxycholic acid prevents selenite-induced oxidative stress and alleviates cataract formation: In vitro and in vivo studies

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the antioxidative and anticataractogenic potential effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on selenite-induced cataract in vitro and in vivo.


METHODS
Enucleated rat lenses were incubated in M199 medium alone (Group I), with 200 μM selenite (Group II), or with 200 μM selenite and 500 μM UDCA (Group III). Selenite was administered on the third day and UDCA treatment was from the second to the fifth day. The development of cataracts was observed under an inverted microscope. Total antioxidative capabilities (T-AOC), mean activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total sulfhydryl content were analyzed in lenticular samples. In vivo, cataracts were induced in 12-day-old pups by single subcutaneous injections of sodium selenite. The test groups received 180 mg/kg bodyweight/day of UDCA intraperitoneally on postpartum days 11-16 or 0.5% UDCA drops four times daily on postpartum days 11-25.


RESULTS
In vitro, morphological examination of the lenses revealed dense vacuolization and opacification in Group II, minimal vacuolization in 12.5% of Group III, and no opacification in 87.5% of Group III. In Group I, all lenses were clear. UDCA significantly (p<0.05) restored GSH and total sulfhydryl, and decreased MDA levels. T-AOC and the mean activities of the antioxidant enzymes were elevated following treatment with UDCA. In vivo, 0.5% UDCA drops resulted in only 20% nuclear cataract development and 180 mg/kg of UDCA intraperitoneally led to 50% development, compared to 100% in the control group (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
UDCA prevents selenite toxicity and cataractogenesis by maintaining antioxidant status and GSH, protecting the sulfhydryl group, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in lenses.
Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: a systematic review.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to systematically review and analyse the validity and reliability of Antonovsky's life orientation questionnaire/sense of coherence scale (SOC).


DESIGN
The study is descriptive and analytical with a systematic integration of the contemporary knowledge base on the salutogenic research published 1992-2003. The review includes 458 scientific publications and 13 doctoral theses.


SETTING
Worldwide, based on postgraduate scientific publications in eight authorized databases, doctoral theses, and available books.


MAIN RESULTS
The SOC questionnaire has been used in at least 33 languages in 32 countries with at least 15 different versions of the questionnaire. In 124 studies using SOC-29 the Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0.70 to 0.95. The alpha values in 127 studies using SOC-13 range from 0.70 to 0.92, and in 60 studies using a modified SOC scale range from 0.35 to 0.91. Test-retest correlation show stability and range from 0.69 to 0.78 (1 year), 0.64 (3 years), 0.42 to 0.45 (4 years), 0.59 to 0.67 (5 years) to 0.54 (10 years). The means of SOC-29 range 100.50 (SD 28.50) to 164.50 (SD 17.10) points and SOC-13 from 35.39 (SD 0.10) to 77.60 (SD 13.80) points. After 10 years SOC seems to be comparatively stable, but not as stable as Antonovsky initially assumed. SOC tends to increase with age. The factorial structure of SOC seems rather to be multidimensional than unidimensional. SOC predicts a positive outcome in a long term perspective, although there are divergent findings reported. The SOC scale seems to be a reliable, valid, and cross culturally applicable instrument measuring how people manage stressful situations and stay well.
Optimal Strategies for Free-Flight Air Traffic Conflict Resolution

Recent advances in navigation and data communication technologies make it feasible for individual aircraft to plan and fly their trajectories in the presence of other aircraft in the airspace. This way, individual aircraft can take advantage of the atmospheric and traffic conditions to optimally plan their paths. This capability is termed as the free flight concept. While the free flight concept provides new degrees of freedom to the aircraft operators, it also brings-in complexities not present in the current air traffic control system. In the free flight concept, each aircraft has the responsibility for navigating around other aircraft in the airspace. While this is not a difficult task under low speed, low traffic density conditions, the complexities of dealing with potential conflict with multiple aircraft can significantly increase the pilot's work load. This paper presents the development of a conflict resolution algorithm based on the quasi-linearization method to enable the practical implementation of the free flight concept. The algorithm development uses nonlinear point-mass aircraft models, and incorporates realistic operational constraints on individual aircraft. The analytical framework can also incorporate information about ambient atmospheric conditions. Realistic conflict resolution scenarios are illustrated. Due to their speed of execution, these conflict resolution algorithms are suitable for implementation on-board aircraft.
Geometric Motion Planning Analysis for Two Classes of Underactuated Mechanical Systems

In this paper we generate gaits for two types of underactuated mechanical systems: principally kinematic and purely mechanical systems. Our goal is to specify inputs in the form of gaits, that is, a sequence of controlled shape changes of a multi-bodied mechanical system that when executed would produce a desired change in the unactuated position or orientation variables of the entire mechanical system. In other words, we want to indirectly control the unactuated degrees of freedom of the mechanical system utilizing a controlled “internal” shape change. More precisely, in this paper we develop a gait evaluation tool which easily measures the change of position, computed in a body-attached coordinate frame, due to any closed curve in the shape space. This evaluation tool is simple enough that we can use it to generate gaits or to design curves that move the mechanical system along a desired direction. Finally, we verify that this gait analysis technique applies to two seemingly different classes of mechanical systems, purely mechanical and principally kinematic systems, and unify the gait generation problem for both classes. KEY WORDS—gait generation, motion control, underactuated robots, non-holonomic motion planning, generalized momentum, purely mechanical systems, principally kinematic systems, Stokes’ theorem
Evaluating the quality of ERP measures across recording systems: a commentary on Debener et al. (2002).

To the Editor—A recent study in this journal (Debener et al., 2002 ) reported good internal consistencies(Cronbach’sa)0.8) for prominent ERP components recorded with a 64-channel Geodesic Sensor Net(GSN). However, data were pooled across multiple sites, a strategy incongruous with the purpose of improving topographic information with dense-electrode arrays. We question the validity of their generalization ‘that use of the GSN does not necessarily result in a lower signal-tonoise ratio,’ which is based on the premise that these reliability analyses are sufficient estimates of ERP signal-to-noise ratios. This claim may be misleading without a thorough comparison of the quality of EEGyERP measures obtained with new vs. established recording systems using various cognitive paradigms and yor populations. In a preliminary study (Kayser et al., 2000 ), we reported larger ERP amplitudes and better signal-to-noise ratios for conventional 30-channel electrocap compared to 128-channel GSN recordings. In this direct comparison of data for the same subjects and paradigm, well-established, although subtle, topographic effects were more robust for the electrocap system, yielding larger effect sizes of task-dependent hemispheric asymmetries. To maximize comparability, we intentionally avoided confounds resulting from an average reference derived from different electrode configurations, and compared only ERPs referenced to nose tip (a ‘common average’ isnot a ‘reference-free transformation’ ). Internal consistencies at individual, corresponding scalp locations were equally high for both EEG systems for prominent components, and comparable to those reported by Debener and coworkers. Although a very important statistical indicator of data quality, reliability is only one indirect estimate of ERP signal-to-noise properties, with additional constraints imposed by the underlying biophysiology. Identical ERP averages can be obtained from background EEG activity with markedly different noise distributions, provided the number of trials is large enough(central limit theorem) and the signal is stable over time(e.g. Mocks et al., 1988 ). ̈ However, the different noise characteristics are irreversibly lost and undetectable by reliability analyses.
Patterns for tearing down contribution barriers to FLOSS projects

The success of a “Free, Libre and Open Source Software” (FLOSS) project depends on its ability to attract new developers. However, before prospective developers can contribute their first patch, they have to overcome the contribution barriers of the FLOSS project. This paper presents two patterns. Each pattern identifies a possible problem in the contribution processes of FLOSS projects and shows a practice to alleviate this problem. The first pattern helps prospective developers compile the FLOSS project's source code and build an executable application. The second pattern encourages prospective developers to submit their modifications back to the FLOSS project and at the same time fosters integration of these modifications into the main development branch of the FLOSS project.
Narratives of the Self in the Study of Religion. Epistemological Reflections Based on a Pragmatic Notion of Weak Rationality

This chapter presents a different approach to the study of self-narratives. It starts with key concepts of the self as narrative in personality psychology, which offer insight into the dynamic process of autobiographical reasoning and narrative processing. Next, the chapter examines the notion of weak rationality, which avoids both absolute truth claims and relativism. The concept of weak rationality, while assuming that all knowledge derives from a specific epistemic community, acknowledges the need to enter into conversation with other epistemic communities. The chapter outlines the characteristics of a study of religious self-narratives based on a pragmatic epistemology. These include the type of theory, knowledge, rationality, reasoning and methodology required in a pragmatic inquiry into self-narratives. Self-narratives reflect a psychological process of self-knowledge that is full of change, complexity and different I-positions, with few, if any, universal claims and marked by dual processing that is not always synchronized. Keywords: I-positions; personality psychology; pragmatic epistemology; relativism; religious self-narratives; weak rationality
Convolution-based memory models Memory

Definition: Convolution-Based Memory Models are a mathematical model of neural storage of complex data structures using distributed representations. Data structures stored range from lists of pairs through sequences, trees and networks.
Foundations of constraint satisfaction

Networks of constraints fundamental properties and applications to picture processing Sketchpad: a man-machine graphical communication system Using auxiliary variables and implied constraints to model non-binary problems Solving constraint satisfaction problems using neural-networks C. Search Backtracking algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems; a survey