LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving Outcomes for People with Mental Illnesses under Community Corrections Supervision : A GUIDE TO RESEARCH-INFORMED POLICY AND PRACTICE

Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the MacArthur Foundation, the U.S. Department of Justice, members of the Council of State Governments, or the project's advisory group. The Council of State Governments Justice Center is a national nonprofit organization that serves policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels from all branches of government. The Justice Center provides practical, nonpartisan advice and consensus-driven strategies, informed by available evidence, to increase public safety and strengthen communities. Executive Summary v OvERvIEW The number of people under correctional supervision has reached un­ precedented levels, and the vast majority of these individuals are supervised in the community by probation or parole agencies. 1 Within the context of this overall growth, probation and parole officers are coming into contact with high numbers of people with mental illnesses (most of whom have co­occurring substance use disorders). Facing staggeringly large caseloads, traditional probation and parole agencies are often unable to meet the broad treatment, service, and super vision needs this population requires. 2 Perhaps as a result, people with mental illnesses are more likely than others under community supervision to have their community sentences revoked, 3 deepening their involvement in the criminal justice system in a manner that has implications for public safety, pub­ lic health, and public spending. Community corrections officials and their counterparts in the mental health system understand that their target populations are increasingly overlapping and that the need for new approaches has never been greater. Across the country, probation and parole officials are working with jail and prison admin­ istrators, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and community­based treatment providers to develop strategies that maintain public safety while improving outcomes for people with mental illnesses under community corrections supervision. But all too often, these responses are not backed by research, and as a result, may be less successful than initiatives that incorporate empirically sound interventions. This in turn limits the political support for and sustainability of these efforts. Corrections and mental health professionals need to design and implement interventions that are informed by the latest evidence about what works, for whom, and under what circumstances. Toward that end, this guide draws on three different literatures—research on community corrections supervision strategies, mental health treatment strategies, and integrated supervision and treatment strategies. METHOdOlOgy The authors of this guide conducted an …
Chaplain–Physician Consultancy: When Chaplains and Doctors Meet in the Clinical Context

This paper summarizes the perspectives of 327 Australian health care chaplains concerning their interaction with physicians within the clinical context. In general terms the findings indicated that nearly 90% of chaplains believed that it was part of their professional role to consult with physicians regarding patient/family issues. Differences of involvement between volunteer and staff chaplains, Catholic and Protestant, male and female chaplains and the type of chaplaincy training are noted, as are the perspectives of chaplaincy informants regarding their role in relation to physicians. Some implications of this study with respect to chaplaincy utility and training are noted.
Heart rate variability and heart rate in healthy volunteers. Is the female autonomic nervous system cardioprotective?

AIMS
Heart rate variability has been proposed as an indicator of cardiovascular health. Since women have a lower cardiovascular risk, we hypothesized that there are gender differences in autonomic modulation.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In 276 healthy subjects (135 women, 141 men) between 18 and 71 years of age, 24 h heart rate and heart rate variability were determined. All heart rate variability parameters, except for pNN50 and high frequency power, were higher in men. After adjustment for heart rate, we obtained gender differences for: the standard deviation (P=0.049), the standard deviation of the 5 min average (P=0.047), low frequency power (absolute values, P=0.002; normalized units, P<0.001) and ratio low frequency/high frequency (P<0.001). There were no significant gender differences in heart rate variability parameters denoting vagal modulation. Gender differences were confined to age categories of less than 40 years of age. The majority of heart rate variability parameters decreased with age. Only in men, was a higher body mass index associated with a higher heart rate and with lower heart rate variability parameters (P<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Cardiac autonomic modulation as determined by heart rate variability, is significantly lower in healthy women compared to healthy men. We hypothesize that this apparently paradoxical finding may be explained by lower sympathetic activity (low frequency power) in women. This may provide protection against arrhythmias and against the development of coronary heart disease.
Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity

I explore some of the issues that arise when trying to establish a connection between the underspecification hypothesis pursued in the NLP literature and work on ambiguity in semantics and in the psychological literature. A theory of underspecification is developed ‘from the first principles’, i.e., starting from a definition of what it means for a sentence to be semantically ambiguous and from what we know about the way humans deal with ambiguity. An underspecified language is specified as the translation language of a grammar covering sentences that display three classes of semantic ambiguity: lexical ambiguity, scopal ambiguity, and referential ambiguity. The expressions of this language denote sets of senses. A formalization of defeasible reasoning with underspecified representations is presented, based on Default Logic. Some issues to be confronted by such a formalization are discussed. 1 The Combinatorial Explosion Puzzle The alternative syntactic readings of a sentence such as (1) probably number in the hundreds, whereas sentences such as (2) would have hundreds of thousands scopally distinct readings if all permutations of scope-taking sentence constituents were considered admissible readings. Yet, human beings appear able to deal with these sentences effortlessly. (1) We should move the engine at Avon, engine E1, to Dansville to pick up the boxcar there, then move it from Dansville to Corning, load some oranges, and then move it on to Bath. (2) A politician can fool most voters on most issues most of the time, but no politician can fool all voters on every single issue all of the time. This paper will appear in K. van Deemter and S. Peters (eds), Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification, CSLI.
Analyzing the Influence of Micro-Level Factors on CCTV Camera Effect .

Objectives Despite the popularity of closed circuit television (CCTV), evidence of its crime prevention capabilities is inconclusive. Research has largely reported CCTV effect as ‘‘mixed’’ without explaining this variance. The current study contributes to the literature by testing the influence of several micro-level factors on changes in crime levels within CCTV areas of Newark, NJ. Methods Viewsheds, denoting the line-of-sight of CCTV cameras, were units of analysis (N = 117). Location quotients, controlling for viewshed size and control-area crime incidence, measured changes in the levels of six crime categories, from the pre-installation period to the post-installation period. Ordinary least squares regression models tested the influence of specific micro-level factors—environmental features, camera line-of-sight, enforcement activity, and camera design—on each crime category. Results First, the influence of environmental features differed across crime categories, with specific environs being related to the reduction of certain crimes and the increase of others. Second, CCTV-generated enforcement was related to the reduction of overall crime, violent crime and theft-from-auto. Third, obstructions to CCTV line-of-sight caused by immovable objects were related to increased levels of auto theft and decreased levels of violent crime, theft from auto and robbery. Conclusions The findings suggest that CCTV operations should be designed in a manner that heightens their deterrent effect. Specifically, police should account for the presence of crime generators/attractors and ground-level obstructions when selecting camera sites, and design the operational strategy in a manner that generates maximum levels of enforcement.
A performance study of Ethernet Audio Video Bridging (AVB) for Industrial real-time communication

This paper investigates the potential of the emerging Ethernet audio video bridging (AVB) in industrial networks. An analytical model of AVB is described, and AVB's priority queuing (PQ) and credit-based shaper algorithms (CBQ) are evaluated and compared with standard Ethernet.
Effects of sensory-enhanced yoga on symptoms of combat stress in deployed military personnel.

OBJECTIVE
We examined the effects of sensory-enhanced hatha yoga on symptoms of combat stress in deployed military personnel, compared their anxiety and sensory processing with that of stateside civilians, and identified any correlations between the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scales and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile quadrants.


METHOD
Seventy military personnel who were deployed to Iraq participated in a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-five received 3 wk (≥9 sessions) of sensory-enhanced hatha yoga, and 35 did not receive any form of yoga.


RESULTS
Sensory-enhanced hatha yoga was effective in reducing state and trait anxiety, despite normal pretest scores. Treatment participants showed significantly greater improvement than control participants on 16 of 18 mental health and quality-of-life factors. We found positive correlations between all test measures except sensory seeking. Sensory seeking was negatively correlated with all measures except low registration, which was insignificant.


CONCLUSION
The results support using sensory-enhanced hatha yoga for proactive combat stress management.
Sentiment Analysis in Tickets for IT Support

Sentiment analysis has been adopted in software engineering for problems such as software usability and sentiment of developers in open-source projects. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the sentiment contained in tickets for IT (Information Technology) support.IT tickets are broad in coverage (e.g. infrastructure, software), and involve errors, incidents, requests, etc. The main challenge is to automatically distinguish between factual information, which is intrinsically negative (e.g. error description), from the sentiment embedded in the description. Our approach is to automatically create a Domain Dictionary that contains terms with sentiment in the IT context, used to filter terms in ticket for sentiment analysis. We experiment and evaluate three approaches for calculating the polarity of terms in tickets. Our study was developed using 34,895 tickets from five organizations, from which we randomly selected 2,333 tickets to compose a Gold Standard. Our best results display an average precision and recall of 82.83% and 88.42%, which outperforms the compared sentiment analysis solutions.
Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation associated 
with low-dose aspirin as plain and enteric-coated formulations

BACKGROUND
The use of low-dose aspirin has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal complications (UGIC). The coating of aspirin has been proposed as an approach to reduce such a risk. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a population based case-control study.


METHODS
We identified incident cases of UGIC (bleeding or perforation) aged 40 to 79 years between April 1993 to October 1998 registered in the General Practice Research Database. Controls were selected randomly from the source population. Adjusted estimates of relative risk (RR) associated with current use of aspirin as compared to non use were computed using unconditional logistic regression.


RESULTS
We identified 2,105 cases of UGIC and selected 11,500 controls. Among them, 287 (13.6%) cases and 837 (7.3%) controls were exposed to aspirin, resulting in an adjusted RR of 2.0 (1.7-2.3). No clear dose-effect was found within the range of 75-300 mg. The RR associated with enteric-coated formulations (2.3, 1.6-3.2) was similar to the one of plain aspirin (1.9, 1.6-2.3), and no difference was observed depending on the site. The first two months of treatment was the period of greater risk (RR= 4.5, 2.9-7.1). The concomitant use of aspirin with high-dose NSAIDs greatly increased the risk of UGIC (13.3, 8.5-20.9) while no interaction was apparent with low-medium doses (2.2, 1.0-4.6).


CONCLUSIONS
Low-dose aspirin increases by twofold the risk of UGIC in the general population and its coating does not modify the effect. Concomitant use of low-dose aspirin and NSAIDs at high doses put patients at a specially high risk of UGIC.
RSVM: Reduced Support Vector Machines

Abstract An algorithm is proposed which generates a nonlinear kernel-based separating surface that requires as little as 1% of a large dataset for its explicit evaluation. To generate this nonlinear surface, the entire dataset is used as a constraint in an optimization problem with very few variables corresponding to the 1% of the data kept. The remainder of the data can be thrown away after solving the optimization problem. This is achieved by making use of a rectangular m×m̄ kernel K(A, Ā) that greatly reduces the size of the quadratic program to be solved and simplifies the characterization of the nonlinear separating surface. Here, the m rows of A represent the original m data points while the m̄ rows of Ā represent a greatly reduced m̄ data points. Computational results indicate that test set correctness for the reduced support vector machine (RSVM), with a nonlinear separating surface that depends on a small randomly selected portion of the dataset, is better than that of a conventional support vector machine (SVM) with a nonlinear surface that explicitly depends on the entire dataset, and much better than a conventional SVM using a small random sample of the data. Computational times, as well as memory usage, are much smaller for RSVM than that of a conventional SVM using the entire dataset.
Effect and safety of granulocyte-monocyte adsorption apheresis for patients with ulcerative colitis positive for cytomegalovirus in comparison with immunosuppressants.

BACKGROUND
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection exacerbates ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to immunosuppressive therapies (IMT). However, the underlying UC remained active in some UC patients, despite the fact that CMV-DNA in colonic mucosa became negative after antiviral therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for UC patients concomitant with CMV infection in mucosa are required.


AIMS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety of granulocyte-monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) in UC patients positive for CMV infection after antiviral therapy.


METHODS
From October 2003 to December 2008, 64 patients with UC refractory to IMT, including steroids and immunomodulators, were enrolled in this retrospective, observational, multicenter study, which was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyoto University. CMV infection was investigated by 3 methods (histologic examination, CMV antigenemia, and polymerase chain reaction). We investigated the clinical outcomes of GMA and IMT after 2 weeks of treatment with ganciclovir.


RESULTS
Thirty-one (48.4%) of 64 patients with UC refractory to IMT were positive for CMV. Of the 31 patients, 4 (12.9%) underwent colectomy. Twenty-seven patients (87.1%) underwent antiviral therapy. Of those 27 patients, 7 achieved remission following antiviral therapy alone. Of the remaining 20 patients who did not achieve remission despite the disappearance of CMV-DNA, 11 and 9 patients were treated with additional GMA (GMA group) and IMT (IMT group), respectively. Of 11 patients (GMA group), 9 achieved remission and 2 underwent colectomy. Out of the remaining 9 patients (IMT group), 4 achieved remission and 5 underwent colectomy. CMV-DNA was not detected in 11 patients after GMA, but it was detected again in all 5 patients of the IMT group who underwent colectomy. The total colectomy rate in UC patients positive for CMV was 35.5% (11/31). In addition, colectomy-free survival in the CMV relapse (+) group was estimated to be 12.9% at 65 months, while that in the CMV relapse (-) group was estimated to be 100% at 60 months.


CONCLUSION
The colectomy ratio tends to be high in refractory UC patients with recurrent CMV reactivation or infection. Therefore, GMA might be a safe and effective treatment for UC patients positive for CMV because it does not induce CMV reactivation.
Decentralized Plan-Free Semantic-Based Service Composition in Mobile Networks

The inefficiency of one-to-one matching of user requirements to a single service has given rise to service composition. Service composition allows simple services to be dynamically combined into more complex services. In mobile environments, service discovery and integration involves cooperation between various service nodes where reliance on a centralized service registry introduces efficiency and single point of failure problems. Plan- and workflow-based composition solutions restrict service discovery to defined abstract models. Semantic similarity measurements play an important role in service integration. In this paper we introduce a semantic similarity and semantic nearness service composition method. The objective of our work is to free service nodes from adherence to restrictive composition plans. Our work also enables compositions to succeed in dynamic environments through a decentralized solution even when nodes are unaware of nearby service nodes. This paper presents a service composition solution that semantically advances composition paths towards users' needs with each service hop while guaranteeing a user-acceptable QoS level. Simulation results showcase the effectiveness of the presented solution and its compatibility with underlying service discovery methods.
Creatine kinase MB, troponin I, and troponin T release patterns after coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass and after aortic and mitral valve surgery.

lease Patterns after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with or without Cardiopulmonary Bypass and after Aortic and Mitral Valve Surgery, Joost C.J.M. Swaanenburg, Bert G. Loef, Marcel Volmer, Piet W. Boonstra, Jan G. Grandjean, Massimo A. Mariani, and Anne H. Epema ( Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2 Thoracic Center, and 3 Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; * address correspondence to this author at: Sint Jans Gasthuis, Clinical Chemical and Hematological Laboratory, Postbus 29, 6000 AA Weert, The Netherlands; e-mail joostswaanenburg@hetnet.nl)
[Galician study of heart failure in primary care (GALICAP Study)].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Heart failure (HF) is an important public health concern. Our aim was to evaluate the characteristics of HF patients in Galicia, Spain.


METHODS
This descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study involved 149 primary care physicians and recorded the characteristics of 1195 patients diagnosed with HF.


RESULTS
Some 48% of patients were male, and their mean age was 76 years, though women were older (P<.001). Disease history included hypertension in 82%, hyperlipidemia in 47%, diabetes in 31%, atrial fibrillation in 49%, valvular disease in 35%, and ischemic heart disease in 32%. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 131 mm Hg and 76 mm Hg, respectively. Pressure was controlled (</= 130/80 mm Hg) in 43% of patients. Overall, 67% underwent echocardiography, of whom 61% had preserved systolic function. Coronary angiography was performed in 47% of patients with ischemic heart disease, more frequently in males than females (P<.001). The most commonly prescribed drugs were diuretics (82%), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (48%), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (29%), and beta-blockers (27%). Patients with depressed systolic function were more frequently prescribed beta-blockers (P<.001), ACE inhibitors (P<.01), and antialdosterones (P<.05). During the last year, 57% of patients had been admitted to hospital, of whom 45% were admitted for cardiovascular reasons.


CONCLUSIONS
The most prevalent form of HF in Galicia was HF with preserved systolic function, which was mostly associated with high blood pressure due to poor control. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the use of coronary angiography was influenced by sex. Drug treatment was suboptimal. Intervention programs are required to improve care in these patients.
Placement of EV Charging Stations—Balancing Benefits Among Multiple Entities

This paper studies the problem of multistage placement of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations with incremental EV penetration rates. A nested logit model is employed to analyze the charging preference of the individual consumer (EV owner) and predict the aggregated charging demand at the charging stations. The EV charging industry is modeled as an oligopoly where the entire market is dominated by a few charging service providers (oligopolists). At the beginning of each planning stage, an optimal placement policy for each service provider is obtained through analyzing strategic interactions in a Bayesian game. To derive the optimal placement policy, we consider both the transportation network graph and the electric power network graph. A simulation software—the EV Virtual City 1.0—is developed using Java to investigate the interactions among the consumers (EV owner), the transportation network graph, the electric power network graph, and the charging stations. Through a series of experiments using the geographic and demographic data from the city of the San Pedro District of Los Angeles, CA, USA, we show that the charging station placement is highly consistent with the heatmap of the traffic flow. In addition, we observe a spatial economic phenomenon that service providers prefer clustering instead of separation in the EV charging market.
BigSim: a parallel simulator for performance prediction of extremely large parallel machines

Summary form only given. We present a parallel simulator - BigSim - for predicting performance of machines with a very large number of processors. The simulator provides the ability to make performance predictions for machines such as BlueGene/L, based on actual execution of real applications. We present this capability using case-studies of some application benchmarks. Such a simulator is useful to evaluate the performance of specific applications on such machines even before they are built. A sequential simulator may be too slow or infeasible. However, a parallel simulator faces problems of causality violations. We describe our scheme based on ideas from parallel discrete event simulation and utilize inherent determinacy of many parallel applications. We also explore techniques for optimizing such parallel simulations of machines with large number of processors on existing machines with fewer number of processors.