LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY): a nationwide registry for patients undergoing invasive therapy for severe aortic valve stenosis.

Background The increasing prevalence of severe aortic valve defects correlates with the increase of life expectancy. For decades, surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), under the use of extracorporeal circulation, has been the gold standard for treatment of severe aortic valve diseases. In Germany ~12,000 patients receive isolated aortic valve surgery per year. For some time, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty has been used as a palliative therapeutic option for very few patients. Currently, alternatives for the established surgical procedures such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have become available, but there are only limited data from randomized studies or low-volume registries concerning long-time outcome. In Germany, the implementation of this new technology into hospital care increased rapidly in the past few years. Therefore, the German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY) was founded in July 2010 including all available therapeutic options and providing data from a large quantity of patients.Methods The GARY is assembled as a complete survey for all invasive therapies in patients with relevant aortic valve diseases. It evaluates the new therapeutic options and compares them to surgical AVR. The model for data acquisition is based on three data sources: source I, the mandatory German database for external performance measurement; source II, a specific registry dataset; and source III, a follow-up data sheet (generated by phone interview). Various procedures will be compared concerning observed complications, mortality, and quality of life up to 5 years after the initial procedure. Furthermore, the registry will enable a compilation of evidence-based indication criteria and, in addition, also a comparison of all approved operative procedures, such as Ross or David procedures, and the use of different mechanical or biological aortic valve prostheses.Results Since the launch of data acquisition in July 2010, almost all institutions performing aortic valve procedures in Germany joined the registry. By now, 91 sites which perform TAVI in Germany participate and more than 15,000 datasets are already in the registry.Conclusion The implementation of new or innovative medical therapies needs supervision under the conditions of a well-structured scientific project. Up to now relevant data for implementation of TAVI and long-term results are missing. In contrast to randomized controlled trials, GARY is a prospective, controlled, 5-year observational multicenter registry, and a real world investigation with only one exclusion criterion, the absence of patients' written consent.
Understanding environmental influences on walking; Review and research agenda.

BACKGROUND
Understanding how environmental attributes can influence particular physical activity behaviors is a public health research priority. Walking is the most common physical activity behavior of adults; environmental innovations may be able to influence rates of participation.


METHOD
Review of studies on relationships of objectively assessed and perceived environmental attributes with walking. Associations with environmental attributes were examined separately for exercise and recreational walking, walking to get to and from places, and total walking.


RESULTS
Eighteen studies were identified. Aesthetic attributes, convenience of facilities for walking (sidewalks, trails); accessibility of destinations (stores, park, beach); and perceptions about traffic and busy roads were found to be associated with walking for particular purposes. Attributes associated with walking for exercise were different from those associated with walking to get to and from places.


CONCLUSIONS
While few studies have examined specific environment-walking relationships, early evidence is promising. Key elements of the research agenda are developing reliable and valid measures of environmental attributes and walking behaviors, determining whether environment-behavior relationships are causal, and developing theoretical models that account for environmental influences and their interactions with other determinants.
Neuroscience and Architecture: Seeking Common Ground

As these paired Commentaries discuss, neuroscientists and architects are just beginning to collaborate, each bringing what they know about their respective fields to the task of improving the environment of research buildings and laboratories.
Fullerene Anions: Unusual Charge Distribution in C706.

The full NMR assignment by the INADEQUATE method clarifies the reduced aromaticity of the C706- ion (see picture; a-e indicate the five different carbon environments) relative to the neutral system, as well as the charge delocalization pattern. The reduction process was carried out with lithium in the presence of corannulene, which acts as an "electron shuttle".
Intermediation in Innovation

Intermediation in Innovation1 by Heidrun C. Hoppe2 and Emre Ozdenoren3 The paper offers a new theoretical framework to examine the role of intermediaries between creators and potential users of new inventions. Using a model of universityindustry technology transfer, we demonstrate that technology transfer offices can provide an opportunity to economize on a critical component of efficient innovation investments: the expertise to locate new, external inventions and to overcome the problem of sorting ‘profitable’ from ‘unprofitable’ ones. The findings may help explain the surge in university patenting and licensing since the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Furthermore, the study identifies several limitations to the potential efficiency of intermediation in innovation.
Advancing high performance heterogeneous integration through die stacking

This paper describes the industry's first heterogeneous Stacked Silicon Interconnect (SSI) FPGA family (3D integration). Each device is housed in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) package for optimal signal integrity. Inside the package, a heterogeneous IC stack delivers up to 2.78Tb/s transceiver bandwidth. The resulting bandwidth is approximately three times that achievable in a monolithic solution. Mounted on a passive silicon interposer with through-silicon vias (TSVs), the heterogeneous IC stack comprises FPGA ICs with 13.1-Gb/s transceivers and dedicated analog ICs with 28-Gb/s transceivers. Optimization took place concurrently on multiple facets of the design which were necessary to successfully implement the 3-D integration. In particular, this paper outlines the choices that were made in terms of package substrate material and interposer resistivity in order to optimize 28Gb/s system channel characteristics. These choices were validated through extensive electrical simulation and test chip correlation. In addition, this paper describes the design and timing verification of inter-die interconnects, an area that the electronic design automation industry had not yet fully addressed. This paper further describes 3D thermal-mechanical modeling and analysis for package reliability. The modeling was performed to address package coplanarity issues and stresses imposed by the interposer on the active dice, the low-k dielectric material, the micro-bumps and the C4 attach. The results indicate heterogeneous stacked-silicon (3D) integration is a reliable method to build very high-bandwidth multi-chip devices that exceed current monolithic capabilities.
Chronic pain after childbirth.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Although childbirth is considered a natural event, some deliveries may necessitate instrumentation or surgical intervention. In contrast with trauma or surgery, persistent pain after delivery has received little attention until recently, despite the large number of individuals potentially at risk.


RECENT FINDINGS
Excluding pre-existing pain or pain that developed during pregnancy, prospective studies show a surprisingly low prevalence of persistent pain after childbirth, much lower than the prevalence reported in retrospective studies and that of persistent postsurgical pain in a general population for similar procedures. The nature of persistent pain itself remains poorly characterized; the chronic pain following caesarean delivery appears to be predominantly neuropathic, but the intensity is generally lower than usually reported for other types of chronic neuropathic pain. Finally, the type of delivery and the degree of tissue trauma do not seem to impact the risk of developing persistent pain. It is unclear whether individual factors place specific women at a risk for persistent pain. Experimental study suggests that protective mechanisms against the development of neuropathic pain may be active during the puerperium, but whether these mechanisms exist following human childbirth remains unknown.


SUMMARY
Some recent findings on the development of persistent pain after childbirth are intriguing and might open the way to interesting perspectives for the treatment of persistent pain caused by trauma or surgery.
A retail store SKU promotions optimization model for category multi-period profit maximization

Consumer promotions are an important element of competitive dynamics in retail markets and make a significant difference in the retailer’s profits. But no study has so far included all the elements that are required to meet retail business objectives. We extend the existing literatures by considering all the basic requirements for a promotional Decision Support System (DSS): reliance on operational (store-level) data only, the ability to predict sales as a function of prices and the inclusion of other promotional variables affecting the category. The new model delivers an optimizing promotional schedule at Stock-KeepingUnit (SKU) level which maximizes multi-period category level profit under the constraints of business rules typically applied in practice. We first develop a high dimensional distributed lag demand model which integrates both cross-SKU competitive promotion information and cross-period promotional influences. We estimate the model by proposing a two stage sign constrained regularization approach to ensure realistic promotional parameters. Based on the demand model, we then build a nonlinear integer programming model to maximize the retailer’s category profits over a planning horizon under constraints that model important business rules. The output of the model provides optimized prices, display and feature advertising planning together with sales and profit forecasts. Empirical tests over a number of stores and categories using supermarket data suggest that our model generates accurate sales forecasts and increases category profits by approximately 17% and that including cross-item and cross-period effects is also valuable. Crown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modularity and architecture of PLC-based software for automated production Systems: An analysis in industrial companies

Adaptive and flexible production systems require modular and reusable software especially considering their long-term life cycle of up to 50 years. SWMAT4aPS, an approach to measure Software Maturity for automated Production Systems is introduced. The approach identifies weaknesses and strengths of various companies’ solutions for modularity of software in the design of automated Production Systems (aPS). At first, a self-assessed questionnaire is used to evaluate a large number of companies concerning their software maturity. Secondly, we analyze PLC code, architectural levels, workflows and abilities to configure code automatically out of engineering information in four selected companies. In this paper, the questionnaire results from 16 German world-leading companies in machine and plant manufacturing and four case studies validating the results from the detailed analyses are introduced to prove the applicability of the approach and give a survey of the state of the art in industry. Keywords—factory automation, automated production systems, maturity, modularity, control software, Programmable Logic Controller.
Knowledge, attitude and techniques of breastfeeding among Nigerian mothers from a semi-urban community

Mothers’ poor knowledge and negative attitude towards breastfeeding may influence practices and constitute barriers to optimizing the benefits of the baby-friendly initiative. This study assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and techniques of postures, positioning, hold practice and latch-on among Nigerian mothers from a Semi-Urban community. Three hundred and eighty three consenting lactating mothers who have breastfed for 6 months and up to two years volunteered for this cross-sectional survey, yielding a response rate of 95.7%. A self-administered questionnaire that sought information on maternal socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and breastfeeding techniques of mothers was employed. Based on cumulative breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scores, 71.3% of the respondents had good knowledge while 54.0% had positive attitude. Seventy one point three percent practiced advisable breastfeeding posture. Sitting on a chair to breastfeed was common (62.4%); and comfort of mother/baby (60.8%) and convenience (29.5%) were the main reasons for adopting breastfeeding positions. Cross-cradle hold (80.4%), football hold technique (13.3%), breast-to-baby (18.0%) and baby-to-breast latch-on (41.3%) were the common breastfeeding techniques. A majority of the respondents (75.7%) agreed that neck flexion, slight back flexion, arm support with pillow and foot rest was essential during breastfeeding. There was no significant association between breastfeeding posture practice and each of cumulative breastfeeding knowledge score levels (X2 = 0.044; p = 0.834) and attitude score levels (X2 = 0.700; p = 0.403). Nigerian mothers demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitude towards breastfeeding. Most of the mothers practiced advisable breastfeeding postures, preferred sitting on a chair to breastfeed and utilized cross-cradle hold and baby-to-breast latch-on.
Repairing post burn scar contractures with a rare form of Z-plasty.

BACKGROUND
Although many precautions have been introduced into early burn management, post burn contractures are still significant problems in burn patients. In this study, a form of Z-plasty in combination with relaxing incision was used for the correction of contractures.


METHODS
Preoperatively, a Z-advancement rotation flap combined with a relaxing incision was drawn on the contracture line. Relaxing incision created a skin defect like a rhomboid. Afterwards, both limbs of the Z flap were incised. After preparation of the flaps, advancement and rotation were made in order to cover the rhomboid defect. Besides subcutaneous tissue, skin edges were closely approximated with sutures.


RESULTS
This study included sixteen patients treated successfully with this flap. It was used without encountering any major complications such as infection, hematoma, flap loss, suture dehiscence or flap necrosis. All rotated and advanced flaps healed uneventfully. In all but one patient, effective contracture release was achieved by means of using one or two Z-plasty. In one patient suffering severe left upper extremity contracture, a little residual contracture remained due to inadequate release.


CONCLUSION
When dealing with this type of Z-plasty for mild contractures, it offers a new option for the correction of post burn contractures, which is safe, simple and effective.
Dealing with Data Difficulty Factors While Learning from Imbalanced Data

Learning from imbalanced data is still one of challenging tasks in machine learning and data mining. We discuss the following data difficulty factors which deteriorate classification performance: decomposition of the minority class into rare sub-concepts, overlapping of classes and distinguishing different types of examples. New experimental studies showing the influence of these factors on classifiers are presented. The paper also includes critical discussions of methods for their identification in real world data. Finally, open research issues are stated .
Unimodal thresholding

Most thresholding algorithms have difficulties processing images with unimodal distributions. In this paper an algorithm, based on finding a corner in the histogram plot, is proposed that is capable of performing bilevel thresholding of such images. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on synthetic data as well as a variety of real data, showing its application to edges, difference images, optic flow, texture difference images, polygonal approximation of curves, and image segmentation.
Resonant Enhancements in WIMP Capture by the Earth

The exact formulae for the capture of WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles) by a massive body are derived. Capture by the earth is found to be significantly enhanced whenever the WIMP mass is roughly equal to the nuclear mass of an element present in the earth in large quantities. For Dirac neutrino WIMPS of mass 10 to 90 GeV, the capture rate is 10 to 300 times that previously believed. Capture rates for the sun are also recalculated and found to be from 1.5 times higher to 3 times lower than previously believed, depending on the mass and type of WIMP. The earth alone, or the earth in combination with the sun is found to give a much stronger annihilation signal from Dirac neutrino WIMPS than the sun alone over a very large mass range. This is particularly important in the neighborhood of mass of iron where previous analyses could not set any significant limits. Submitted to Astrophysical Journal * Work supported by the Department of Energy, contract DE AC03 76SF00515.
The effects of femoral derotation osteotomy in children with cerebral palsy: an evaluation using energy cost and functional mobility.

BACKGROUND
The effect of femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has hitherto been examined using various outcome measures including range of motion of lower extremity joints and gait parameters. However, functional ambulation following this procedure has been scarcely investigated.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of FDO on energy cost during stair climbing and functional mobility in children with CP.


METHOD
A prospective case series study was conducted on 18 children with CP, 11 at Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) II and 7 with GMFCS III, aged 8.5 +/- 1.24 years (range, 6.9-11 years) who underwent FDO to correct hip internal rotation. The energy cost was measured using the heart beat cost index (HBCI) during stair climbing test, whereas functional mobility was assessed using the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ). Tests were administered before surgery (P0), 6 months (P1), and at approximately a year postoperatively (P2).


RESULTS
Compared with P0, significant changes in hip rotation were observed at P1 and P2. There was a significant improvement in HBCI from P0 to P2, whereas FAQ improved significantly from P1 to P2. A moderate correlation was found between HBCI and GMFCS at all times (r = 0.61-0.78). Negative correlations were found between the HBCI and FAQ and between GMFCS and FAQ at all times (r = -0.5).


CONCLUSION
This study indicates that children with CP may benefit functionally from FDO as judged by HBCI and functional mobility rating.
Face Recognition Based on Wavelet Transform and PCA

A novel technique for face recognition is presented in this paper. Wavelet Transform, PCA and SVM are combined in this technique. Wavelet Transform is used for preprocessing the images in order to handle bad illumination. In recognition stage, support vector machine (SVM) is adopted as classifier. Experiments based on Cambridge ORL face database indicated that our approach can achieve better accuracy than use PCA only.
DeepWind , 19-20 January 2012 , Trondheim , Norway Maintenance strategies for large offshore wind farms

Up to one third of the total cost of energy from offshore wind generation is contributed by operation and maintenance (O&M). Compared to its onshore counterpart, this fraction is significantly higher. Costs are not only caused by spareparts and repair actions, but also by production losses due to downtime. The accessibility of a turbine in case of a failure is one main aspect affecting downtime. Therefore, a tool has been developed and implemented in MATLAB to simulate the operating phase of a wind farm with special emphasis toward the modeling of failures and repair. As an example application, a site at the UK east coast was chosen, and a few distinct scenarios were considered. Results include how sensitive availability changes with respect to changes in maintenance fleet and maintenance scheduling strategy. A quantification of potential cost savings due to an increase in availability is also stated. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
On-line Trend Analysis with Topic Models: \#twitter Trends Detection Topic Model Online

We present a novel topic modelling-based methodology to track emerging events in microblogs such as Twitter. Our topic model has an in-built update mechanism based on time slices and implements a dynamic vocabulary. We first show that the method is robust in detecting events using a range of datasets with injected novel events, and then demonstrate its application in identifying trending topics in Twitter.
Combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment for the correction of skeletal anterior open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review on vertical stability.

PURPOSE
To evaluate vertical stability after combined orthodontic surgical treatment of skeletal anterior open-bite malocclusion.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was performed to locate studies pertaining to vertical stability after combined orthodontic surgical treatment of skeletal anterior open-bite malocclusion. Data from the identified studies were extracted and assessed for quality. Short-term and long-term changes in the following variables were evaluated: overbite; mandibular plane, palatal plane, and intermaxillary angles; and anterior facial height.


RESULTS
Nine studies, all retrospective, were appropriate for inclusion after review. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 to 18 years. A wide variation was present for post-treatment changes and relapse. Dentally, overbite changes showed a wide variation, with more long-term relapse observed in patients after Le Fort I osteotomy. Skeletally, the mandibular plane and intermaxillary angles showed greater long-term relapse after bimaxillary surgery than after Le Fort I osteotomy. The same trend was seen for the post-treatment increase in anterior facial height. In contrast, the palatal plane seemed to remain rather stable.


CONCLUSIONS
Vertical relapse is a characteristic in a certain number of patients after combined orthodontic surgical treatments regardless of surgery type. This can be observed dentally by an opening of the bite and skeletally by an increase in the mandibular plane and intermaxillary angles during long-term follow-up. Long-term skeletal relapse seems to be more common after bimaxillary surgery.