LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Plasma triglycerides predict ten-years all-cause mortality in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal observational study

BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). American Diabetes Association standards of care set a series of targets recommended for the CVD prevention: blood pressure, LDL and HDL cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), triglycerides and HbA1c goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in a T2DM outpatient population in order to estimate their specific clinical value in predicting long-term overall mortality.


METHODS
Our study population was composed of 1917 T2DM outpatients attending the hospital-based Diabetes Clinic of Ferrara for a mean follow-up period of 10 years; recorded information included personal, clinical and biochemical data, and pharmacological treatment.


RESULTS
A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed, pointing out as age (HR:1.08; IC95%: 1.06-1.11), sex (males: HR:1.97; IC95%: 1.26-3.07), mean triglycerides levels during follow-up (III vs I tertile: HR:1.87; IC95%: 1.12-3.12) and lipid-lowering treatment (HR:0.56; IC95%: 0.35-0.90) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality, independent of confounding factors such as mean values of LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
This finding suggests that more attention should be given to the management of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients with high triglycerides levels.
The IQ of Artificial Intelligence

All it takes to identify the computer programs which are Artificial Intelligence is to give them a test and award AI to those that pass the test. Let us say that the scores they earn at the test will be called IQ. We cannot pinpoint a minimum IQ threshold that a program has to cover in order to be AI, however, we will choose a certain value. Thus, our definition for AI will be any program the IQ of which is above the chosen value. While this idea has already been implemented in [3], here we will revisit this construct in order to introduce certain improvements.
A CONCEPT WORK FOR AUGMENTED REALITY VISUALISATION BASED ON A MEDICAL APPLICATION IN LIVER SURGERY

This paper describes a concept of an innovative medical application with augmented-reality support. This work is based on a cooperation between the Div. Medical and Biological Informatics at Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and the Department of Photogrammetry and Cartography of the Technical University Berlin. Augmented Reality (AR) is a growing area in virtual reality research. An augmented reality system generates a composite view for the user. It is a combination of the real scene viewed by the user and a virtual scene generated by the computer that augments the scene with additional information. The wide scope of application domains reveals that the augmentation can assume a number of different forms. Therefore, we compare different technologies for augmented reality visualisation with the focus on video seethrough head-mounted displays, optical see-through head-mounted displays and virtual retinal displays. In a further step, we analyse the state-of-the-art of medical applications in augmented reality visualisation. New technologies and methods implemented in DKFZ’s ARIONTM software will enable image-guided liver surgery. It is shown that many tools for preoperative planning of surgical interventions in hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgery are available in the clinical environment, while the surgical procedures itself still lack computer assistance. On this basis, Div. Medical and Biological Informatics at DKFZ, the Depts. of Surgery and Radiology at the University Clinics Heidelberg and the research group “AR-work” of Technical University Berlin derived strategies for AR-support of open liver surgery. A technique will be developed in order to superimpose virtual computer-generated information with real patient image data using a see-through technology. The data from the preoperative planning, the clinical and technical requirements for augmented-reality techniques and our concept of the augmentedreality system will be presented in this contribution. The advantages of see-trough technology will be discussed. Our future work will analyse why (nowadays) AR-systems are not available in surgery and which technical and clinical requirements can be fulfilled with currently available display technologies.
Assessment of Meta-Analysis/ Systematic Review on Acupuncture Therapy for post stroke depression (PSD)

*Corresponding author: Mina Mirahmadpour Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China E-mail: mirahmadpour@gmail.com Abstract A large number of studies have been conducted on the treatment of post stroke depression with acupuncture. The purpose of this study was to review the published review literature about the efficacy of acupuncture for treating depression in stroke survivors. Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library), Google Scholar, Science Direct, and China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI)), have been used for terms “meta-analysis”, “systematic review acupuncture” OR “electro acupuncture” and Post stroke depression”. Out of 2302 studies, 2 systematic reviews covering 2525 participants were selected for analysis. The review articles included in this study were methodologically high qualified (OQAQ score ≥ 7 and AMSTAR score ≥ 9) denoting acupuncture can treat the post-stroke depression in comparison to an antidepressant with fewer side effects. Acupuncture may benefit the patients who are suffering from post-stroke depression but for a strong recommendation of clinical usage more high-quality studies needed.
Similarities between explicit and implicit motor imagery in mental rotation of hands: An EEG study

Chronometric and imaging studies have shown that motor imagery is used implicitly during mental rotation tasks in which subjects for example judge the laterality of human hand pictures at various orientations. Since explicit motor imagery is known to activate the sensorimotor areas of the cortex, mental rotation is expected to do similar if it involves a form of motor imagery. So far, functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have been used to study mental rotation and less attention has been paid to electroencephalogram (EEG) which offers a high time-frequency resolution. The time-frequency analysis is an established method for studying explicit motor imagery. Although hand mental rotation is claimed to involve motor imagery, the time-frequency characteristics of mental rotation have never been compared with those of explicit motor imagery. In this study, time-frequency responses of EEG recorded during explicit motor imagery and during a mental rotation task, inducing implicit motor imagery, were compared. Fifteen right-handed healthy volunteers performed motor imagery of hands in one condition and hand laterality judgement tasks in another while EEG of the whole head was recorded. The hand laterality judgement was the mental rotation task used to induce implicit motor imagery. The time-frequency analysis and sLORETA localisation of the EEG showed that the activities in the sensorimotor areas had similar spatial and time-frequency characteristics in explicit motor imagery and implicit motor imagery conditions. Furthermore this sensorimotor activity was different for the left and for the right hand in both explicit and implicit motor imagery. This result supports that motor imagery is used during mental rotation and that it can be detected and studied with EEG technology. This result should encourage the use of mental rotation of body parts in rehabilitation programmes in a similar manner as motor imagery.
Risk factors for efflux pump overexpression in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.

BACKGROUND
We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for efflux overexpression, an important mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance, among patients with fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC) gastrointestinal tract colonization.


METHODS
Three annual fecal surveillance surveys were performed hospital-wide, and all patients colonized with FQREC (levofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥8 μg/mL) were included in the study. Cases and controls were defined on the basis of overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump, as measured by the organic solvent tolerance (OST) assay. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to identify risk factors for OST positivity among patients with FQREC colonization.


RESULTS
Eighty-nine patients were colonized with FQREC: 44 (49.4%) and 45 (50.6%) patients had isolates that were OST-positive and OST-negative, respectively. On multivariable analyses, location on the surgical service was significantly associated with recovery of an OST-positive isolate (odds ratio, 7.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.82-29.7; P = .005). Furthermore, patients who had received a first-generation cephalosporin in the 30 days prior to sampling were less likely to have an OST-positive isolate (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, .04-.94; P = .04).


CONCLUSIONS
Among phenotypically identical FQREC isolates, different factors may drive the emergence of different resistance mechanisms. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between antimicrobial use and specific resistance mechanisms.
Basic theory of magnets

The description of two dimensional magnetic fields of magnets used in accelerators is discussed in terms of a harmonic expansion. The expansion is derived for cylindrical components and extended to Cartesian components. The Cartesian components are also described in terms of a complex field. The rules for transformation of the expansion coefficients under various types of coordinate transformation are given. The relationship between a given current distribution and the resulting field harmonics is explored in terms of the vector and complex potentials. Explicit results are presented for some simple geometries. Finally, the harmonics allowed under various symmetries in the magnet current are discussed. 1. MULTIPOLE EXPANSION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIELD For most practical purposes related to magnetic measurements in an accelerator magnet, one is interested in the magnetic field in the aperture of the magnet, which is in vacuum and carries no current. Also, most accelerator magnets tend to be long compared to their aperture. Thus, a two dimensional description is valid for most of the magnet, except at the ends. We shall at first confine ourselves to a description of a purely two dimensional field in a current free region. The relationship between the field and the currents will be treated later in Sec. 5 and onwards. In free space, with no true currents, the curl of the magnetic field, H, is zero. Also, the magnetic induction, B, is given by μ0H, where μ0 = 4π ×10 Henry/m is the permeability of free space. Consequently, the magnetic induction, B, can be expressed as the gradient of a magnetic scalar potential, Φm: ∇ × = ⇒ ∇ × = ⇒ = −∇Φ H B B 0 0 m (1) The magnetic induction, B = μ0H also has zero divergence. Combining this fact with Eq. (1), we get Laplace’s equation for the scalar potential:
Improved language performance subsequent to low-frequency rTMS in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia post-stroke.

BACKGROUND
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential tool for neurorehabilitation and remediation of language in chronic non-fluent aphasia post-stroke. Inhibitory (1 Hz) rTMS has been applied to homologous language sites to facilitate behavioural language changes. Improvements in picture-naming performance and speech output over time have been reported.


METHODS
Low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS was applied to six real stimulation and six sham placebo patients for 20 min per day, for 10 days, and behavioural language outcome measures were taken at baseline (pre-stimulation) and 2 months post-stimulation.


RESULTS
The findings demonstrate treatment-related changes observed in the stimulation group when compared to the placebo control group at 2 months post-stimulation on naming performance as well as other aspects of expressive language and auditory comprehension.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide considerable evidence to support the theory of rTMS modulating mechanisms of transcallosal disinhibition in the aphasic brain and highlight the potential clinical applications for language rehabilitation post-stroke.
Stabilizing Training of Generative Adversarial Networks through Regularization

Deep generative models based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive sample quality but in order to work they require a careful choice of architecture, parameter initialization, and selection of hyper-parameters. This fragility is in part due to a dimensional mismatch or non-overlapping support between the model distribution and the data distribution, causing their density ratio and the associated f -divergence to be undefined. We overcome this fundamental limitation and propose a new regularization approach with low computational cost that yields a stable GAN training procedure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this regularizer accross several architectures trained on common benchmark image generation tasks. Our regularization turns GAN models into reliable building blocks for deep learning. 1
Screening for traumatic brain injury.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
The researchers implemented a traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening procedure in settings likely to have relatively frequent contacts with survivors to better document TBI occurrence among populations at high-risk for under-identification.


METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Professionals from four service agencies administered a TBI screening protocol to all incoming clients over a 6-month period.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Of the 1999 protocols collected, 531 (26.56%) were positive for a possible history of TBI of sufficient severity to impact quality of life. Memory challenges were the most common chronic complaint among individuals with positive screen results, with struggles with headaches, depression, concentration and anxiety also commonly reported.


CONCLUSIONS
Large numbers of people seeking vocational rehabilitation, domestic abuse, homeless shelter or mental health services may experience persistent challenges stemming from unidentified TBIs. Identifying these individuals and the source of their challenges is important when developing intervention and supportive services. Using a TBI screening tool is one means of facilitating this identification process.
The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Recent research suggests that use of social networking sites can be addictive for some individuals. Due to the link between motivations for media use and the development of addiction, this systematic review examines Facebook-related uses and gratifications research and Facebook addiction research.


METHOD
Searches of three large academic databases revealed 24 studies examining the uses and gratifications of Facebook, and nine studies of Facebook addiction.


RESULTS
Comparison of uses and gratifications research reveals that the most popular mo- tives for Facebook use are relationship maintenance, passing time, entertainment, and companionship. These motivations may be related to Facebook addiction through use that is habitual, excessive, or motivated by a desire for mood alteration. Examination of Facebook addiction research indicates that Facebook use can become habitual or excessive, and some addicts use the site to escape from negative moods. However, examination of Facebook addic- tion measures highlights inconsistency in the field.


DISCUSSION
There is some evidence to support the argument that uses and gratifications of Facebook are linked with Facebook addiction. Furthermore, it appears as if the social skill model of addiction may explain Facebook addiction, but inconsistency in the measurement of this condition limits the ability to provide conclusive arguments.


CONCLUSIONS
This paper recommends that further research be performed to establish the links between uses and gratifications and Facebook addiction. Furthermore, in order to enhance the construct validity of Facebook addiction, researchers should take a more systematic approach to assessment.
Light-sheet functional imaging in fictively behaving zebrafish

sists of two excitation laser beams. One beam scans the volume of the brain from the side of a horizontally positioned zebrafish but is rapidly switched off when inside an elliptical exclusion region located over the eye (Fig. 1b). Simultaneously, a second beam scans from the front, to cover the forebrain and the regions between the eyes. Together, these two beams achieve nearly complete coverage of the brain without exposing the retina to direct laser excitation, which allows unimpeded presentation of visual stimuli that are projected onto a screen below the fish. To monitor intended swimming behavior, we used existing methods for recording activity from motor neuron axons in the tail of paralyzed larval zebrafish1 (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Note). This system provides imaging speeds of up to three brain volumes per second (40 planes per brain volume); increases in camera speed will allow for faster volumetric sampling. Because light-sheet imaging may still introduce some additional sensory stimulation (excitation light scattering in the brain and reflected from the glass walls of the chamber), we assessed whether fictive behavior in 5–7 d post-fertilization (d.p.f.) fish was robust to the presence of the light sheets. We tested two visuoLight-sheet functional imaging in fictively behaving zebrafish
IMPROVING POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENT STABILITY WITH AN OFF-CENTRE LOCATION OF SHUNT FACTS DEVICES

Shunt Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line, play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. This paper deals with the location of a shunt FACTS device to improve transient stability in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt FACTS devices is verified, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly off-centre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location depends on the amount of local/through load.
Super-Resolution and Blind Deconvolution For Rational Factors With an Application to Color Images

In many real applications, traditional super-resolution (SR) methods fail to provide high-resolution images due to objectionable blur and inaccurate registration of input low-resolution images. Only integer resolution enhancement factors, such as 2 or 3, are often considered, but non-integer factors between 1 and 2 are also important in real cases. We introduce a method to SR and deconvolution, which assumes no prior information about the shape of degradation blurs, incorporates registration parameters, and is properly defined for any rational (fractional) resolution factor. The method minimizes a regularized energy function with respect to the high-resolution image and blurs, where regularization is carried out in both the image and blur domains. The blur regularization is based on a generalized multi-channel blind deconvolution constraint derived in the paper. An extension to color images is briefly discussed. Experiments on real data illustrate robustness to noise and other advantages of the method.
Lactobacillus gasseri KS-13, Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1, and Bifidobacterium longum MM-2 Ingestion Induces a Less Inflammatory Cytokine Profile and a Potentially Beneficial Shift in Gut Microbiota in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.

OBJECTIVE
This study determined whether older adults who consumed a probiotic mixture would have a greater proportion of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes, altered cytokine production, and a shift in intestinal microbiota toward a healthier microbial community.


METHODS
Participants (70 ± 1 years [mean ± SEM]; n = 32) consumed a probiotic (Lactobacillus gasseri KS-13, Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1, and Bifidobacterium longum MM2) or a placebo twice daily for 3 weeks with a 5-week washout period between intervention periods. Blood and stools were collected before and after each intervention. The percentage of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes and ex vivo mitogen-stimulated cell cytokine production were measured. In stools, specific bacterial targets were quantified via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and community composition was determined via pyrosequencing.


RESULTS
During the first period of the crossover the percentage of CD4+ cells decreased with the placebo (48% ± 3% to 31% ± 3%, p < 0.01) but did not change with the probiotic (44% ± 3% to 42% ± 3%) and log-transformed concentrations of interleukin-10 increased with the probiotic (1.7 ± 0.2 to 3.4 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001) but not the placebo (1.7 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.2). With the probiotic versus the placebo a higher percentage of participants had an increase in fecal bifidobacteria (48% versus 30%, p < 0.05) and lactic acid bacteria (55% versus 43%, p < 0.05) and a decrease in Escherichia coli (52% versus 27%, p < 0.05). Several bacterial groups matching Faeacalibactierium prausnitzii were more prevalent in stool samples with the probiotic versus placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
The probiotic maintained CD4+ lymphocytes and produced a less inflammatory cytokine profile possibly due to the changes in the microbial communities, which more closely resembled those reported in healthy younger populations.
Hybrid Power Filter to Enhance Power Quality in a Medium-Voltage Distribution Network

This paper deals with the problem of reactive power and harmonics in a standard medium-voltage (MV) distribution network. It proposes a simple and inexpensive solution to enhance power quality when a particular connection to the high-voltage transmission network is required. It presents the design of a hybrid active filter topology connected to the MV level of a power distribution system. Its main task is to regulate a 132-kV voltage level. Reconfiguration of the power delivery network imposes new constraints in a distribution substation so that the reactive compensation should be increased. The topology of a shunt hybrid active filter is analyzed. It is built with the series connection of a passive filter and a low-rated active filter. The proposed filter is directly connected to a 13.8-kV level with no need of a step-down transformer. The possibility of different levels of reactive power compensation is implemented. The proposal shows very good performance for different load demands.