LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High plasma heparin cofactor II activity is associated with reduced incidence of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND
Thrombin plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Because heparin cofactor II (HCII) inhibits thrombin action in the presence of dermatan sulfate, which is abundantly present in arterial wall, HCII may affect vascular remodeling by modulating thrombin action. We hypothesized that patients with high plasma HCII activity may show a reduced incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Sequential coronary arteries (n=166) with NIR stent (Boston Scientific Corp) implantation in 134 patients were evaluated before, immediately after, and at 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into the following groups: high HCII (> or =110%, 45 lesions in 36 patients), normal HCII (> or =80% and <110%, 81 lesions in 66 patients), and low HCII (<80%, 40 lesions in 32 patients). Percent diameter stenosis at follow-up in the high-HCII group (18.7%) was significantly lower (P=0.046) than that in the normal-HCII group (30.3%) or the low-HCII group (29.0%). The ISR rate in the high-HCII group (6.7%) was significantly lower than that in the low-HCII group (30.0%) (P=0.0039). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that high plasma HCII activity is an independent factor in reducing the incidence of angiographic restenosis (odds ratio, 0.953/1% increase of HCII; 95% CI, 0.911 to 0.998).


CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate that HCII may have a hitherto unrecognized effect in inhibiting ISR. The effect of HCII may be mediated by inactivating thrombin in injured arteries, thereby inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.
A comparison of the pressure exerted on soft tissue by 2 myofascial rollers.

CONTEXT
Self-myofascial release (SMR) is a technique used to treat myofascial restrictions and restore soft-tissue extensibility.


PURPOSE
To determine whether the pressure and contact area on the lateral thigh differ between a Multilevel rigid roller (MRR) and a Bio-Foam roller (BFR) for participants performing SMR.


PARTICIPANTS
Ten healthy young men and women.


METHODS
Participants performed an SMR technique on the lateral thigh using both myofascial rollers. Thin-film pressure sensels recorded pressure and contact area during each SMR trial.


RESULTS
Mean sensel pressure exerted on the soft tissue of the lateral thigh by the MRR (51.8 +/- 10.7 kPa) was significantly (P < .001) greater than that of the conventional BFR (33.4 +/- 6.4 kPa). Mean contact area of the MRR (47.0 +/- 16.1 cm2) was significantly (P < .005) less than that of the BFR (68.4 +/- 25.3 cm2).


CONCLUSION
The significantly higher pressure and isolated contact area with the MRR suggest a potential benefit in SMR.
Understanding Self-Controlled Motor Learning Protocols through the Self-Determination Theory

The purpose of the present review was to provide a theoretical understanding of the learning advantages underlying a self-controlled practice context through the tenets of the self-determination theory (SDT). Three micro-theories within the macro-theory of SDT (Basic psychological needs theory, Cognitive Evaluation Theory, and Organismic Integration Theory) are used as a framework for examining the current self-controlled motor learning literature. A review of 26 peer-reviewed, empirical studies from the motor learning and medical training literature revealed an important limitation of the self-controlled research in motor learning: that the effects of motivation have been assumed rather than quantified. The SDT offers a basis from which to include measurements of motivation into explanations of changes in behavior. This review suggests that a self-controlled practice context can facilitate such factors as feelings of autonomy and competence of the learner, thereby supporting the psychological needs of the learner, leading to long term changes to behavior. Possible tools for the measurement of motivation and regulation in future studies are discussed. The SDT not only allows for a theoretical reinterpretation of the extant motor learning research supporting self-control as a learning variable, but also can help to better understand and measure the changes occurring between the practice environment and the observed behavioral outcomes.
Atomic force microscopy of pollen grains, cellulose microfibrils, and protoplasts

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds unique prospects for biological microscopy, such as nanometer resolution and the possibility of measuring samples in (physiological) solutions. This article reports the results of an examination of various types of plant material with the AFM. AFM images of the surface of pollen grains ofKalanchoe blossfeldiana andZea mays were compared with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. AFM reached the same resolutions as FESEM but did not provide an overall view of the pollen grains. Using AFM in torsion mode, however, it was possible to reveal differences in friction forces of the surface of the pollen grains. Cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of root hairs ofRaphanus sativus andZ. mays were imaged using AFM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Imaging was performed on specimens from which the wall matrix had been extracted. The cell wall texture of the root hairs was depicted clearly with AFM and was similar to the texture known from TEM. It was not possible to resolve substructures in a single microfibril. Because the scanning tip damaged the fragile cells, it was not possible to obtain images of living protoplasts ofZ. mays, but images of fixed and dried protoplasts are shown. We demonstrate that AFM of plant cells reaches resolutions as obtained with FESEM and TEM, but obstacles still have to be overcome before imaging of living protoplasts in physiological conditions can be realized.
Protective efficacy of Zika vaccine in AG129 mouse model

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes asymptomatic infection or presents only mild symptoms in majority of those infected. However, vaccination for ZIKV is a public health priority due to serious congenital and neuropathological abnormalities observed as a sequelae of the virus infection in the recent epidemics. We have developed an inactivated virus vaccine with the African MR 766 strain. Here we show that two doses of the vaccine provided 100% efficacy against mortality and disease following challenge with homotypic MR 766 and the heterotypic FSS 13025 ZIKV strains in the Type I and Type II interferon deficient AG129 mice. Two doses of the vaccine elicited high titer of neutralizing antibodies in Balb/c mice, and the vaccine antisera conferred protection against virus challenge in passively immunized mice. The studies were useful to rationalize vaccine doses for protective efficacy. Furthermore, the vaccine antisera neutralized the homotypic and heterotypic ZIKV strains in vitro with equivalent efficiency. Our study suggests a single ZIKV serotype, and that the development of an effective vaccine may not be limited by the choice of virus strain.
A State-of-the-Art Survey on Real-Time Issues in Embedded Systems Virtualization

Virtualization has gained great acceptance in the server and cloud computing arena. In recent years, it has also been widely applied to real-time embedded systems with stringent timing constraints. We present a comprehensive survey on real-time issues in virtualization for embedded systems, covering popular virtualization systems including KVM, Xen, L4 and others.
Simultaneous storage of medical images in the spatial and frequency domain: A comparative study

BACKGROUND
Digital watermarking is a technique of hiding specific identification data for copyright authentication. This technique is adapted here for interleaving patient information with medical images, to reduce storage and transmission overheads.


METHODS
The patient information is encrypted before interleaving with images to ensure greater security. The bio-signals are compressed and subsequently interleaved with the image. This interleaving is carried out in the spatial domain and Frequency domain. The performance of interleaving in the spatial, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coefficients is studied. Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is employed for data compression as well as encryption and results are tabulated for a specific example.


RESULTS
It can be seen from results, the process does not affect the picture quality. This is attributed to the fact that the change in LSB of a pixel changes its brightness by 1 part in 256. Spatial and DFT domain interleaving gave very less %NRMSE as compared to DCT and DWT domain.


CONCLUSION
The Results show that spatial domain the interleaving, the %NRMSE was less than 0.25% for 8-bit encoded pixel intensity. Among the frequency domain interleaving methods, DFT was found to be very efficient.
FCS-MPC-Based Current Control of a Five-Phase Induction Motor and its Comparison with PI-PWM Control

This paper presents an investigation of the finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) of a five-phase induction motor drive. Specifically, performance with regard to different selections of inverter switching states is investigated. The motor is operated under rotor flux orientation, and both flux/torque producing (d-q) and nonflux/torque producing (x-y) currents are included into the quadratic cost function. The performance is evaluated on the basis of the primary plane, secondary plane, and phase (average) current ripples, across the full inverter's linear operating region under constant flux-torque operation. A secondary plane current ripple weighting factor is added in the cost function, and its impact on all the studied schemes is evaluated. Guidelines for the best switching state set and weighting factor selections are thus established. All the considerations are accompanied with both simulation and experimental results, which are further compared with the steady-state and transient performance of a proportional-integral pulsewidth modulation (PI-PWM)-based current control scheme. While a better transient performance is obtained with FCS-MPC, steady-state performance is always superior with PI-PWM control. It is argued that this is inevitable in multiphase drives in general, due to the existence of nonflux/torque producing current components.
Adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum: results of surgical treatment.

HYPOTHESIS
To verify the adequacy of duodenal segmentectomy after intestinal derotation in the treatment of primary adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum.


DESIGN
A retrospective review of the surgical management of patients who underwent derotation of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum was undertaken to determine long-term outcome.


SETTING
Departments of surgery in 3 university hospitals.


PATIENTS
Between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2000, 47 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum were surgically treated at 3 different institutions.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Details of primary surgery were abstracted from clinical records of the original hospital referral. Postoperative clinical course and long-term outcome were evaluated by a review of the hospital records and follow-up.


RESULTS
The results of a barium swallow test series was positive in 38 cases (80.8%) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy was primarily diagnostic in 30 patients (63.8%). In all cases duodenal segmentectomy was attempted. Twenty-two patients underwent palliative gastrojejunal bypass and in 9 patients pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. In 16 cases duodenal segmentectomy was performed after intestinal derotation. Anastomoses were performed manually in all cases. Fifteen of the resected patients died of recurrent disease. A median (SD) disease-free survival of 36 (23.6) months (range, 6-85 months) was observed. The median (SD) overall survival was 37.5 (23.9) months (range, 11-85 months), the overall 5-year survival rate was 23% (11 patients), and the actuarial 5-year survival rate was 51% (24 patients).


CONCLUSIONS
Duodenal segmentectomy associated with intestinal derotation was shown to be a straightforward, safe procedure for the treatment of the primary adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum. This surgical procedure should be preferred to pancreaticoduodenectomy because it is associated with negligible rates of morbidity and mortality, while allowing for satisfactory margin clearance and adequate lymphadenectomy.
A single source k-shortest paths algorithm to infer regulatory pathways in a gene network

MOTIVATION
Inferring the underlying regulatory pathways within a gene interaction network is a fundamental problem in Systems Biology to help understand the complex interactions and the regulation and flow of information within a system-of-interest. Given a weighted gene network and a gene in this network, the goal of an inference algorithm is to identify the potential regulatory pathways passing through this gene.


RESULTS
In a departure from previous approaches that largely rely on the random walk model, we propose a novel single-source k-shortest paths based algorithm to address this inference problem. An important element of our approach is to explicitly account for and enhance the diversity of paths discovered by our algorithm. The intuition here is that diversity in paths can help enrich different functions and thereby better position one to understand the underlying system-of-interest. Results on the yeast gene network demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach over extant state-of-the-art inference algorithms. Beyond utility, our algorithm achieves a significant speedup over these baselines.


AVAILABILITY
All data and codes are freely available upon request.
Global Laparoscopy Positioning System with a Smart Trocar

Purpose: in the context of minimally invasive surgery, navigation in the patients abdomen is crucial, but is also more complicated than during open procedures. While the advantages for the patient are numerous, surgeons may not always know where they are in this complex environment, and getting used to this technique takes a lot of practice. Method: we present a novel smart trocar device that provides a global positioning system for the laparoscopic instruments that are inserted through the trocars. We augment current trocars with a camera pointing towards the ceiling. At any point in time, and by using computer vision as well as projective geometry, our smart trocar can provide the position of rigid instruments. Results: with our system, we reach one-millimeter accuracy on translation and half a degree on rotation with the only limitation being the velocity of surgeons movements. But this limitation has not been an obstacle in real practice. Conclusion: the trocar can track specific landmarks found on the ceiling of the OR, and, from these, accurately determine its global position in the OR in real time. Applications of this invention are first, assessment and/or training of surgical skills second, once our system is coupled to a real-time three-dimensional simulator of patient anatomy, we envision that our system can automatically provide surgical guidance during the procedure.
Fast Local Algorithms for Large Scale Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and its extensions such as Nonnegative Tensor Factorization (NTF) have b ecome prominent techniques for blind sources separation (BSS), analys is of image databases, data mining and other information retrieval and clustering applications. In this paper we propose a family of e fficient algorithms for NMF/NTF, as well as sparse nonnegative coding and representatio n, that has many potential applications in computational neur oscience, multisensory processing, compressed sensing and multidimensio nal data analysis. We have developed a class of optimized local algorithm s which are referred to as Hierarchical Alternating Least Squares (HAL S) algorithms. For these purposes, we have performed sequential constrain ed minimization on a set of squared Euclidean distances. We then extend t his approach to robust cost functions using the Alpha and Beta divergence s and derive flexible update rules. Our algorithms are locally stable and work well for NMF-based blind source separation (BSS) not only for the ove r-determined case but also for an under-determined (over-complete) case (i.e., for a system which has less sensors than sources) if data are su fficiently sparse. The NMF learning rules are extended and generalized for N-th order nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF). Moreover, these algorit hms can be tuned to different noise statistics by adjusting a single parameter. Ext ensive experimental results confirm the accuracy and computational p erformance of the developed algorithms, especially, with usage of multilayer hierarchical NMF approach [3]. key words: Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), nonnegative tensor factorizations (NTF), nonnegative PARAFAC, model reduction, feature extraction, compression, denoising, multiplicative local learning (adaptive) algorithms, Alpha and Beta divergences.
Procedures and compliance of a video modeling applied behavior analysis intervention for Brazilian parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Video modeling using applied behavior analysis techniques is one of the most promising and cost-effective ways to improve social skills for parents with autism spectrum disorder children. The main objectives were: (1) To elaborate/describe videos to improve eye contact and joint attention, and to decrease disruptive behaviors of autism spectrum disorder children, (2) to describe a low-cost parental training intervention, and (3) to assess participant's compliance. This is a descriptive study of a clinical trial for autism spectrum disorder children. The parental training intervention was delivered over 22 weeks based on video modeling. Parents with at least 8 years of schooling with an autism spectrum disorder child between 3 and 6 years old with an IQ lower than 70 were invited to participate. A total of 67 parents fulfilled the study criteria and were randomized into two groups: 34 as the intervention and 33 as controls. In all, 14 videos were recorded covering management of disruptive behaviors, prompting hierarchy, preference assessment, and acquisition of better eye contact and joint attention. Compliance varied as follows: good 32.4%, reasonable 38.2%, low 5.9%, and 23.5% with no compliance. Video modeling parental training seems a promising, feasible, and low-cost way to deliver care for children with autism spectrum disorder, particularly for populations with scarce treatment resources.
Reproducibility of the blood flow index as noninvasive, bedside estimation of cerebral blood flow

 Objective. To investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of the blood flow index (BFI) method for measuring cerebral blood flow. Design and setting. Prospective functional study in pediatric intensive care. Patients and participants. 14 consecutive patients with median age of 2 months (range 1 days–11 years) requiring artificial ventilation, invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring, and central venous access. Interventions. The first passage of an intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) bolus through the cerebral vasculature was monitored by noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy. BFI was calculated by dividing maximal ICG absorption change by rise time. Reproducibility was evaluated by six ICG injections at 5-min intervals. Results. Of all ICG injections 6% were canceled, and 4% were eliminated due to injection failures. Median BFI of 17 reproducibility determinations was 71 (range 12–213) and median coefficient of variation (CV) of BFI was 10% (4.9–18.5). The quantity of ICG bolus did not affect the CV (0.1 vs. 0.3 mg ICG/kg). Eight reproducibility tests in patients after cardiac surgery had smaller CV than the others, and the eight in newborns had higher CV than in older children. Patient parameters such as arterial blood pressure, endtidal CO2, and percutaneous oxygen saturation were stable and showed CV below 2% during reproducibility determination. Conclusions. The BFI method allows rapid and repeated measurements of CBF with good feasibility and reproducibility. As a relative but not absolute measure of CBF, BFI seems to be suited for clinical evaluation of intraindividual CBF changes during determination of cerebrovascular reactivities or during therapeutic interventions.
Diabetes, race, and functional limitations in older U.S. men and women.

AIMS
The presence of diabetes is associated with increased odds of difficulties in functional tasks but it remains unclear if the burden is similar by race.


METHODS
Our study included 122,004 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults ≥50 years from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (2001-2012). Diabetes was defined as self-reported diagnosis or medication use. Functional limitations were defined as any self-reported difficulty in performing mobility tasks, general physical activities (GPA), or leisure and social activities (LSA). Logistic regression models were created to investigate the relationship of race with functional limitations accounting for key covariates, among men and women, by diabetes status.


RESULTS
Among older U.S. adults, NHB versus NHW women without diabetes had a higher odds of limitations in mobility (OR=1.39, 1.30-1.49) and LSA (OR=1.13, 1.05-1.23) without diabetes but a similar odds of these limitations with diabetes by race, after adjusting for age, income, education, obesity, arthritis, heart disease, stroke, COPD, and cancer. Interestingly, NHB versus NHW women had significantly lower odds of GPA, irrespective of diabetes status. However, NHB versus NHW men with diabetes had a persistently higher odds for mobility and LSA limitations with diabetes as follows: mobility (OR=1.30, 1.12-1.51) and LSA limitations (OR=1.07, 1.06-1.34). The interaction of race and diabetes was significant among women for mobility limitations (p<0.01), but not men.


CONCLUSIONS
The burden of functional limitations differs by race among both men and women with diabetes. Future studies should examine mechanisms underlying these differences to prevent progression to disability in older adults with diabetes.
Breaking Grain-128 with Dynamic Cube Attacks

We present a new variant of cube attacks called a dynamic cube attack. Whereas standard cube attacks [4] find the key by solving a system of linear equations in the key bits, the new attack recovers the secret key by exploiting distinguishers obtained from cube testers. Dynamic cube attacks can create lower degree representations of the given cipher, which makes it possible to attack schemes that resist all previously known attacks. In this paper we concentrate on the well-known stream cipher Grain-128 [6], on which the best known key recovery attack [15] can recover only 2 key bits when the number of initialization rounds is decreased from 256 to 213. Our first attack runs in practical time complexity and recovers the full 128-bit key when the number of initialization rounds in Grain-128 is reduced to 207. Our second attack breaks a Grain-128 variant with 250 initialization rounds and is faster than exhaustive search by a factor of about 2. Finally, we present an attack on the full version of Grain-128 which can recover the full key but only when it belongs to a large subset of 2−10 of the possible keys. This attack is faster than exhaustive search over the 2 possible keys by a factor of about 2. All of our key recovery attacks are the best known so far, and their correctness was experimentally verified rather than extrapolated from smaller variants of the cipher. This is the first time that a cube attack was shown to be effective against the full version of a well known cipher which resisted all previous attacks.