LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Is Openness Penalized? Stock Returns around Earnings Warnings

Prior research finds that firms warning investors of an earnings shortfall experience lower returns than non-warning firms with similar risks and earnings news. Openness thus appears to be penalized by investors. Yet, this finding may be due to a self-selection bias that occurs when firms with a larger amount of unfavorable non-earnings news (‘‘other bad news’’) are more likely to warn. In this paper I use a Heckman selection model to infer the amount of other bad news and document that, on average, warning firms have a larger amount of other bad news than non-warning firms. After controlling for this effect, I find that warning firms’ returns remain lower than those of non-warning firms in a short-term window ending five days after earnings announcement. When this window is extended by three months, however, warning and non-warning firms exhibit similar returns. My evidence suggests that openness is ultimately not penalized by investors.
Finite temperature eld theory applied to the 4 model

The application of finite temperature field theory to the φ model yields to a variation of the mass of the described bosons depending on the temperature. This new mass must be understood as an effective mass rather than a fundamental one. Calculations for the mass variations are shown for both types of potential: the symmetric potential and the potential that induces spontaneous symmetry breaking in the system.
CuteChat: a lightweight tele-immersive video chat system

This paper presents a lightweight tele-immersive video chat system named CuteChat. Based on our recently developed video object cutout technology, the CuteChat system is designed and optimized to provide a radically new video chat experience by merging each participant in the same shared space, allowing them to interact more naturally in an integrated manner. With the goal to make the system easily accessible by massive consumers, we address the challenges in the whole pipeline of video processing, coding, communication, composition, and playback. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed CuteChat system runs reliably and comfortably in real time on one's laptop or desktop PC, and it needs only a commodity webcam for video acquisition and just public Internet for tele-immersive video conferencing. With such a really minimal deployment requirement, we present a variety of interesting applications and user experiences created by the CuteChat system.
Nursing constraint models for electronic health records: A vision for domain knowledge governance

Various forms of electronic health records (EHRs) are currently being introduced in several countries. Nurses are primary stakeholders and need to ensure that their information and knowledge needs are being met by such systems information sharing between health care providers to enable them to improve the quality and efficiency of health care service delivery for all subjects of care. The latest international EHR standards have adopted the openEHR approach of two-level modelling. The first level is a stable information model determining structure, while the second level consists of constraint models or 'archetypes' that reflect the specifications or clinician rules for how clinical information needs to be represented to enable unambiguous data sharing. The current state of play in terms of international health informatics standards development activities is providing the nursing profession with a unique opportunity and challenge. Much work has been undertaken internationally in the area of nursing terminologies and evidence-based practice. This paper argues that to make the most of these emerging technologies and EHRs we must now concentrate on developing a process to identify, document, implement, manage and govern our nursing domain knowledge as well as contribute to the development of relevant international standards. It is argued that one comprehensive nursing terminology, such as the ICNP or SNOMED CT is simply too complex and too difficult to maintain. As the openEHR archetype approach does not rely heavily on big standardised terminologies, it offers more flexibility during standardisation of clinical concepts and it ensures open, future-proof electronic health records. We conclude that it is highly desirable for the nursing profession to adopt this openEHR approach as a means of documenting and governing the nursing profession's domain knowledge. It is essential for the nursing profession to develop its domain knowledge constraint models (archetypes) collaboratively in an international context.
It's the psychology stupid: how heuristics explain software vulnerabilities and how priming can illuminate developer's blind spots

Despite the security community's emphasis on the importance of building secure software, the number of new vulnerabilities found in our systems is increasing. In addition, vulnerabilities that have been studied for years are still commonly reported in vulnerability databases. This paper investigates a new hypothesis that software vulnerabilities are blind spots in developer's heuristic-based decision-making processes. Heuristics are simple computational models to solve problems without considering all the information available. They are an adaptive response to our short working memory because they require less cognitive effort. Our hypothesis is that as software vulnerabilities represent corner cases that exercise unusual information flows, they tend to be left out from the repertoire of heuristics used by developers during their programming tasks.
 To validate this hypothesis we conducted a study with 47 developers using psychological manipulation. In this study each developer worked for approximately one hour on six vulnerable programming scenarios. The sessions progressed from providing no information about the possibility of vulnerabilities, to priming developers about unexpected results, and explicitly mentioning the existence of vulnerabilities in the code. The results show that (i) security is not a priority in software development environments, (ii) security is not part of developer's mindset while coding, (iii) developers assume common cases for their code, (iv) security thinking requires cognitive effort, (v) security education helps, but developers can have difficulties correlating a particular learned vulnerability or security information with their current working task, and (vi) priming or explicitly cueing about vulnerabilities on-the-spot is a powerful mechanism to make developers aware about potential vulnerabilities.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke.

BACKGROUND
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression is related to blood brain barrier disruption after cerebral ischemia. Moreover, MMP inhibitors reduce hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after embolic ischemia in tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-treated animals. We aimed to correlate plasmatic MMP levels with the appearance of intracranial bleeding complications in stroke patients treated with t-PA.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Serial MMP-2 and MMP-9 determinations were performed (ELISA, ng/mL) in 41 strokes involving the middle cerebral artery territory in patients who received t-PA within 3 hours of stroke onset. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (pretreatment) and at 12 and 24 hours after symptom onset. Hemorrhagic events were classified according to CT criteria (petechial hemorrhagic infarctions [HI, 1 to 2] and large parenchymal hemorrhages [PH, 1 to 2]). Brain CT scan was obtained at 48 hours or when a neurological worsening occurred. HT was present in 36.5% of the patients (24.4% HI and 12.1% PH). MMP-2 values were unrelated to any subtype of HT. The highest baseline MMP-9 level (normal range <97 ng/mL) corresponded to patients who later developed a PH (PH: 270.2+/-87.8, non-HT: 126.3+/-127.5, HI: 94.6+/-88.7; P=0.047). A graded response was found between mean baseline MMP-9 levels and the degree of bleeding (HI-1=37.4; HI-2=111.0; PH-1=202.5; PH-2=337.8). Baseline MMP-9 was the most powerful predictor of PH appearance in the multiple logistic regression model (OR= 9.62; CI 1.31 to 70.26; P=0.025).


CONCLUSIONS
Baseline MMP-9 level predicts PH appearance after t-PA treatment. Therefore, we suggest that MMP determination may increase the safety profile for thrombolysis and, in the future, anti-MMP drugs might be combined with t-PA to prevent hemorrhagic complications.
A joint solution for the hidden and exposed terminal problems in CSMA/CA wireless networks

1389-1286/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2012.06.008 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: cshuang@umac.mo (C. Huan (C.-T. Lea), eealbert@ust.hk (A.K.-S. Wong). It is well-known that the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/ CA)-based wireless networks suffer seriously from the hidden terminal problem and the exposed terminal problem. So far, no satisfactory solutions that can resolve both problems simultaneously have been found. In this paper, we present a joint solution to the two problems. Our approach avoids the drawback of lessening one problem but aggregating the other. It is compatible with the IEEE 802.11 MAC and requires no protocol change. Analysis and simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the hidden and exposed terminal problems. Not only it can significantly improve the throughput of the network and the fairness among different flows, it can also provide a much more stable link layer. In simulated scenarios under heavy traffic conditions, compared to the conventional IEEE 802.11 MAC, the new method can achieve up to 1.8 times gain in network throughput for single-hop flows and up to 2.6 times gain for multihop flows. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Charging for health services in the third world


 In developing countries the increasing tendency to charge for the use of health services is the result of the collapse of government funding for health programs and the general trend toward privatization. Restraints on government spending, especially on social programs, have been reinforced by loan conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. On the other hand, governments have committed themselves to the objectives of Health for All, and they have to maximize access to essential services for prevention and treatment of diseases. Charges are sometimes advocated as a means of reducing frivolous use of services. Studies have suggested that in Peru and rural Ivory Coast a modest rise in charges is likely to reduce use of services substantially for those on very low incomes, while those whose needs are the lest will continue to use services. Scarce facilities, skilled professionals, and other services provided at public expense are involved in the provision of basic health care. It is particularly difficult to recover the cost of training of doctors and nurses. Provision of technically advanced services for a minority who can afford to pay is almost always subsidized by governments and may deprive the rest of the population of key resources. The trend to introduce charges for family planning services and services for the treatment and prevention of communicable disease may have serious consequences. However, the collapse of government funding for health services in many developing countries requires alternative sources of funding for basic primary care. Some user charges may be justified, especially if these revenues result insubstantial improvements in the quality and availability of services. Development of feasible mechanisms for greater risk sharing in the longer term remains a priority if the most regressive effects of charges are to be avoided.
VEGF as a marker for outcome among advanced breast cancer patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab and vinorelbine chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (VEGF) is an important new treatment modality in oncology. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of the humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, and vinorelbine as treatment for refractory breast cancer and to explore the role of plasma VEGF as a predictor of treatment outcome.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Eligible patients had received one or two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic breast cancer or recurred within 12 months of adjuvant therapy and had measurable disease and adequate end-organ function. Patients received bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, and vinorelbine each week, until tumor progression or prohibitive toxicity. Plasma VEGF was measured at baseline.


RESULTS
Among 56 women treated on protocol, bevacizumab and vinorelbine yielded a 34% response rate (95% confidence interval, 22-48%) and median time to progression of 5.5 months. Activity was observed regardless of tumor hormone receptor status or type or extent of prior chemotherapy. Side effects included uncomplicated neutropenia, hypertension, nasal congestion/epistaxis, and neuropathy, consistent with well-described side effects of the respective agents. Three patients had impaired wound healing following surgical procedures. There were only rare instances of thrombosis or clinically significant proteinuria. Lower levels of baseline VEGF were associated with longer time to progression.


CONCLUSIONS
Bevacizumab and vinorelbine are well tolerated and effective as treatment for refractory breast cancer. Plasma VEGF warrants further evaluation as a prognostic marker for treatment outcome in advanced breast cancer patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy.
Ultrasound-assisted versus conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND
For patients with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, it remains unclear whether the addition of intravascular high-frequency, low-power ultrasound energy facilitates the resolution of thrombosis during catheter-directed thrombolysis.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In a controlled clinical trial, 48 patients (mean age 50 ± 21 years, 52% women) with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis were randomized to receive ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (N = 24) or conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis (N = 24). Thrombolysis regimen (20 mg r-tPA over 15 hours) was identical in all patients. The primary efficacy end point was the percentage of thrombus load reduction from baseline to 15 hours according to the length-adjusted thrombus score, obtained from standardized venograms and evaluated by a core laboratory blinded to group assignment. The percentage of thrombus load reduction was 55% ± 27% in the ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis group and 54% ± 27% in the conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis group (P = 0.91). Adjunctive angioplasty and stenting was performed in 19 (80%) patients and in 20 (83%) patients, respectively (P > 0.99). Treatment-related complications occurred in 3 (12%) and 2 (8%) patients, respectively (P > 0.99). At 3-month follow-up, primary venous patency was 100% in the ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis group and 96% in the conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis group (P = 0.33), and there was no difference in the severity of the post-thrombotic syndrome (mean Villalta score: 3.0 ± 3.9 [range 0-15] versus 1.9 ± 1.9 [range 0-7]; P=0.21), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis treated with a fixed-dose catheter thrombolysis regimen, the addition of intravascular ultrasound did not facilitate thrombus resolution.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01482273.
A Stochastic Collocation Approach to Bayesian Inference in Inverse Problems

We present an efficient numerical strategy for the Bayesian solution of inverse problems. Stochastic collocation methods, based on generalized polynomial chaos (gPC), are used to construct a polynomial approximation of the forward solution over the support of the prior distribution. This approximation then defines a surrogate posterior probability density that can be evaluated repeatedly at minimal computational cost. The ability to simulate a large number of samples from the posterior distribution results in very accurate estimates of the inverse solution and its associated uncertainty. Combined with high accuracy of the gPC-based forward solver, the new algorithm can provide great efficiency in practical applications. A rigorous error analysis of the algorithm is conducted, where we establish convergence of the approximate posterior to the true posterior and obtain an estimate of the convergence rate. It is proved that fast (exponential) convergence of the gPC forward solution yields similarly fast (exponential) convergence of the posterior. The numerical strategy and the predicted convergence rates are then demonstrated on nonlinear inverse problems of varying smoothness and dimension. AMS subject classifications: 41A10, 60H35, 65C30, 65C50
OpenML: A Collaborative Science Platform

We present OpenML, a novel open science platform that provides easy access to machine learning data, software and results to encourage further study and application. It organizes all submitted results online so they can be easily found and reused, and features a web API which is being integrated in popular machine learning tools such as Weka, KNIME, RapidMiner and R packages, so that experiments can be shared easily.
Nuclear matter with off-shell propagation

Abstract:Symmetric nuclear matter is studied within the conserving, self-consistent T-matrix approximation. This approach involves off-shell propagation of nucleons in the ladder diagrams. The binding energy receives contributions from the background part of the spectral function, away from the quasiparticle peak. The Fermi energy at the saturation point fulfills the Hugenholz-Van Hove relation. In comparison to the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach, the binding energy is reduced and the equation of state is stiffer.
Are Quasi-markets in Education what the British Public Wants?

In a context of inconclusive evidence on the extrinsic successes of quasi-markets, policy defences of school choice and competition in education have often discussed the intrinsic, empowering value of choice for consumers, arguing that school choice for parents is ‘what people want’. Discourses often imply that choice is desired for its own sake rather than merely as a means by which families can escape what are deemed to be poor quality schools. Support for an idealistic, abstract notion of ‘choice’ is also taken to imply support for quasi-markets overall and is not considered alongside possible competing values that people may hold at the same time as they value choice. Additionally, views of parents are often examined without considering possible differences in views between parents and nonparents. Contributing to debates about how far a public desire exists for quasi-markets in education, this paper draws on data from newly designed questions fielded as part of the 2010 British Social Attitudes survey. The paper finds that while choice ‘in the abstract’ is supported widely by both parents and non-parents (albeit slightly more so by parents), a valuing of choice among the British public appears to be more instrumental than intrinsic – potentially problematic given evidence on the extrinsic benefits of quasi-markets is mixed. Support for choice is tempered among parents and non-parents by clear opposition to vouchers, school diversity, government spending on transport costs to facilitate choice and by strong support for the idea of sending children to the ‘nearest state school’.
Relationship between mental health and spiritual wellbeing among hemodialysis patients: a correlation study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE
The stress of living with a terminal disease has a negative impact on the mental health of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Spirituality is a potential coping mechanism for stressful experiences. Studies on the relationship between spirituality and mental health among HD patients are scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mental health and spiritual well-being among HD patients.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Cross-sectional observational study on hemodialysis patients at a single center in Brazil, between January and December 2011.


METHODS
Mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire and spiritual wellbeing was assessed using the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale; 150 HD patients participated in the study.


RESULTS
A significant correlation was found between mental health and spiritual wellbeing (P = 0.001). Spiritual wellbeing was the strongest predictor of mental health, psychological distress, sleep disturbance and psychosomatic complaints.


CONCLUSION
Poor mental health was associated with lower spiritual wellbeing. This has important implications for delivery of palliative care to HD patients.
Quantum Key Distribution Protocols: A Review

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a way for distribution of secure key in at least two parties which they initially share. And there are many protocols for providing a secure key i.e. BB84 protocol, SARG04 protocol, E91 protocol and many more. In this paper all the concerned protocols that share a secret key is explained and comparative study of all protocols shown.
A Typology of Virtual Worlds: Historical Overview and Future Directions

Virtual worlds constitute a growing space for collaborative play, learning, work, and e-commerce. To promote study of this emerging realm of activity, we suggest a typology adapted from C. Porter’s (2004) typology of virtual communities. The five elements of the proposed typology include (1) purpose (content of interaction), (2) place (location of interaction), (3) platform (design of interaction), (4) population (participants in the interaction), and (5) profit model (return on interaction). We argue that this five-element typology facilitates identification of (a) the historic antecedents of virtual worlds in gaming and social networking, (b) future applications of virtual worlds for society, education, and business; and (c) topics for future research.
Current status of grafts and implants in rhinoplasty: part I. Autologous grafts.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the challenges in restoring volume and structural integrity in rhinoplasty. 2. Identify the appropriate uses of various autografts in aesthetic and reconstructive rhinoplasty (septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, costal cartilage, calvarial and nasal bone, and olecranon process of the ulna). 3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of these autografts.


SUMMARY
This review specifically addresses the use of autologous grafts in rhinoplasty. Autologous materials remain the preferred graft material for use in rhinoplasty because of their high biocompatibility and low risk of infection and extrusion. However, these advantages should be counterbalanced with the concerns of donor-site morbidity, graft availability, and graft resorption.