LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Planning multimodal freight transport operations: a literature review

Purpose: Multimodal freight transport developed in the transportation sector as an alternative to unimodal transport faced with the challenges brought by the growing global demand for transporting goods. Multimodal transport is the transportation of goods using at least two modes of transport, usually door-to-door. The common transport modes include railways, maritime routes, and the roads. When restructuring and reconfiguring their logistics strategies, freight operators seek optimal operational plans to increase cost efficiency, improve customer service effectiveness, and enhance environmental sustainability throughout their entire supply chain network. In addition, collaborative planning enables multimodal transport providers (MTPs) in the multimodal transport chain to optimize mainly their operational plans. A vast collection of scientific literature focuses on different objectives taking into account various limitations. For instance, in the context of short-term planning the challenge is to take real-time decisions considering the interests of all stakeholders. With the need for real-time decision making, this problem becomes complex, dynamic, and stochastic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to concentrate on the literature related to dynamic processes at the operational level from customer to consignee and provide a systematic classification of different planning and solution techniques. Methodology/approach: Multimodal operational planning is investigated from two perspectives: modelling modal shift policy and planning of multimodal freight transportation. We describe the modal shift policies, discuss the advantages and barriers, and elaborate on the actors involved in this process and the factors affecting efficiency. Furthermore, we explain the importance of these factors for operational freight planning and denote the constraints in the planning problems. Finally, we present an illustrative example of a multimodal freight transportation network from customer to consignee. Findings: Modal shift and operational planning lead to reduced lead times and operational costs, and also ensure convenient transportation according to the user's preferences. Studies on these issues can be examined with respect to the selection of non-dominated solutions and applicable routes determined based on the preferences of customers, pricing techniques, and revenue management methodologies. Value: This study consolidates the knowledge in operational planning of multimodal freight dioxide mitigation issues as novelty. Moreover, it considers not only operational planning but also pricing and revenue management methodologies. It is a valuable reference to researchers who wish to comprehend entire operations in multimodal transport from different perspectives. 553 22nd ISL 2017 Ljubljana, Slovenia, 9 – 12th July 2017
Effects of an automated telephone support system on caregiver burden and anxiety: findings from the REACH for TLC intervention study.

PURPOSE
We determine the main outcome effects of a 12-month computer-mediated automated interactive voice response (IVR) intervention designed to assist family caregivers managing persons with disruptive behaviors related to Alzheimer's disease (AD).


DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a randomized controlled study of 100 caregivers, 51 in the usual care control group and 49 in the technology intervention group, who received yearlong access to an IVR-mediated system. The system provided caregiver stress monitoring and counseling information, personal voice-mail linkage to AD experts, a voice-mail telephone support group, and a distraction call for care recipients. We conducted analyses by using a repeated measures approach for longitudinal data and an intention-to-treat analytic approach. Outcomes included the caregiver's appraisal of the bothersome nature of caregiving, anxiety, depression, and mastery at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months.


RESULTS
There was a significant intervention effect as hypothesized for participants with lower mastery at baseline on all three outcomes: bother (p =.04), anxiety (p =.01), and depression (p =.007). Additionally, wives exhibited a significant intervention effect in the reduction of the bothersome nature of caregiving (p =.02).


IMPLICATIONS
Wives who exhibited low mastery and high anxiety benefited the most from the automated telecare intervention. Findings suggest that, to optimize outcome effects, similar interventions should be tailored to match the users' characteristics and preferences.
Approaches in unifying Petri nets and the Object-Oriented Approach

There is an increasing interest both in the Object-Oriented and the Petri net community for an integration of the concepts of the two approaches. Although the proposals for « objects and Petri nets » are numerous and widely different, there seems to be two major trends « Objects inside Petri net » versus « Petri net inside Objects ». We state here the basic paradigm of these two trends, and briefly introduce our own approach, which aims at unifying them.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND
The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) has not been validated in the Spanish population, and the fact that it requires spirometry poses an important limitation on its widespread use in the primary care setting in Spain.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ACQ.


METHODS
In this multicenter, prospective study, consecutive adult patients with persistent asthma were recruited at 62 respiratory and allergy units across Spain. Patients were assessed at baseline and at weeks 2 and 6. The following clinical variables were recorded: lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)]), symptoms, exacerbations, concomitant diseases, asthma severity according to the Global Initiative for Asthma international guideline, and asthma control as perceived by patients and physicians through direct ad hoc questions. The latter measures were derived specifically for this study. Patients self-completed the ACQ at all visits before the rest of the study variables were recorded. The ACQ's feasibility, validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change were assessed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal validity was assessed using the relationship between ACQ score and clinical parameters. Sensitivity to change was assessed by estimating the global effect size and the minimal important difference (MID). Reliability was assessed using estimation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient (CCalpha) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).


RESULTS
A total of 607 patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 45.6 (17.1) years and 61.4% of the patients were women. Of these 607, 235 (39%) had mild asthma; 246 (41%), moderate; and 126 (21%), severe. Mean (SD) time to complete the ACQ was 3.9 (4.4) minutes. The Pearson correlation coefficient in the relationship between ACQ and FEV(1) (% predicted value) was -0.23. ACQ was found to be significantly related to asthma severity and intensity and frequency of symptoms (coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea) (both, P < 0.001). Change in ACQ was significantly related to changes in FEV(1), intensity and frequency of symptoms, and number of exacerbations (all, P < 0.001). The global effect size of ACQ was 0.46 and the MID was 0.47 point of a maximum of 6. CCalpha was 0.90 and ICC was 0.86.


CONCLUSION
In these adults with asthma in Spain, the Spanish version of the ACQ was found to be a reliable and valid questionnaire, suggesting that it can be used in this population as a discriminative and evaluative instrument.
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared with corticoid injections for the treatment of rhizarthrosis.

OBJECTIVE
Prospective assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (SH; Ostenil mini) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA; Volon A10) for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb in a 26-week, controlled, randomized, on an intention to treat, masked-observer study.


METHODS
Patients were treated with three intra-articular injections of either SH (n = 28) or TA (n = 28). Primary assessments were pain according to a 100mm visual analogue scale and extensive clinical and functional parameters such as swelling, grip power and range of motion. The population was analysed using one- and two-sided Mann-Whitney (MW) estimators.


RESULTS
Maximum pain relief occurred at 2-3 weeks for TA and at week 26 for SH after the first intra-articular injection. At weeks 2-3 TA was significantly better than SH (MW: 0.3319 and 0.3063; P = 0.9827 and 0.9929). At week 26 a slight superiority of SH could be observed (MW: 0.53; P = 0.3624) and non-inferiority could be proven. After 26 weeks lateral pinch power was significantly better in the SH-group (MW: 0.6331; P = 0.0226). In all, 88.0% of patients treated with SH and 79.1% of the TA-group described pain improvement after 26 weeks. Both agents were well tolerated. No adverse events with causal connection to the investigational products occurred.


CONCLUSION
A single course of three SH injections is effective in relieving pain and improving joint function in patients with OA of the CMC joint of the thumb. Although in comparison with triamcinolone its effects are achieved more slowly, the results indicate a superior long-lasting effect of hyaluronan at 6 months after end of treatment period.
of Domain Adaptation with Unlabeled Data

In supervised learning, it is typically assumed that the labeled training data comes from the same distribution as the test data to which the system will be applied. In recent years, machine-learning researchers have investigated methods to handle mismatch between the training and test domains, with the goal of building a classifier using the labeled data in the old domain that will perform well on the test data in the new domain. This problem is called domain adaptation or transfer learning, and it is a common scenario in speech processing applications. Labeled training data are often produced by an expensive hand-annotation process, and may consist of only one or two annotated corpora which are used to train virtually all systems regardless of the target domain. Often little or no labeled data is available for the new domain. In this work, we review the statistical machine learning literature dealing with the problem of “domain adaptation” or “transfer learning”. We focus on unsupervised domain adaptation methods, as opposed to model adaptation or supervised adaptation in which some labeled data is available from the test distribution. We consider four main classes of approaches in the literature: instance weighting for covariate shift; selflabeling methods; changes in feature representation; and cluster-based learning. Covariate shift methods re-weight training samples in the old domain to try to match the new domain, putting more weight on samples in populous regions in the new domain. Self-labeling methods incorporate unlabeled target domain examples into the training algorithm by making an initial guess about their labels and then iteratively refining the guesses or labeling more examples. Feature representation approaches try to find a new feature representation of the data, either to make the new and old distributions look similar, or to find an abstracted representation for domain-specific features. Cluster-based methods rely on the assumption that samples connected by high-density paths are likely to have the same label. Domain adaptation is a large area of research, with related work under several frameworks (and several names). A limited review from March 2008 can be found in [1], and one from Oct 2010 can be found in [2]. A recent book [3] investigates train/test distribution mismatch in machine learning (particularly focused on covariate shift.) Some of the organization here roughly follows that in [1].
Lung cancer, tobacco, and environmental factors in the African population of the Northern Province, South Africa.

DESIGN
Case-control study among incident African patients with cancer. Questionnaire assessment of exposure to tobacco, occupation, and place of birth.


SETTING
Northern Province, South Africa.


SUBJECTS
Between 1993 and 1995, 288 men and 60 women with lung cancer and 183 male and 197 female controls (consisting of patients newly diagnosed with cancers other than those known to be associated with smoking) were interviewed. Unmatched, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of developing lung cancer in relation to a number of variables.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Risk of developing lung cancer related to exposure to tobacco, indoor pollution, dusty work environment, and residential exposure to asbestos.


RESULTS
There was a significant increase in the risk of developing lung cancer through smoking. In men, the ORs were 2.2 (95% CI = 1.0 to 4. 6) in ex-smokers, 9.8 (95% CI = 5.9 to 16.4) in light smokers (0-14 g/day), and 12.0 (95% CI = 6.5 to 22.3) in heavy smokers. In women, the ORs were 5.8 (95% CI = 1.3 to 25.8) in ex-smokers and 5.5 (95% CI = 2.6 to 11.3) in current smokers. Work in a dusty industry showed an elevated risk (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.8 to 5.8) for lung cancer only in men. Male residents of areas where asbestos was shipped for distribution (termed moderately polluted asbestos areas) had a 2.5-fold increase (95% CI = 1.0 to 4.4) in the risk (OR) of developing lung cancer, and residents of areas where asbestos was mined (termed heavily polluted asbestos areas) had a 2.8-fold increase in risk (95% CI = 0.7 to 10.4). Female residents of heavily polluted asbestos areas showed elevated risks of 5.4 (95% CI = 1.3 to 22.5) of developing lung cancer.


CONCLUSION
The data suggest that tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for the development of lung cancer in this setting. Risks for lung cancer are reminiscent of those observed in Western countries in the 1960s and 1970s. However, environmental exposure to asbestos, a dusty occupation (in men), and perhaps indoor air pollution may also contribute to the development of lung cancer in this province.
A randomized trial to promote physical activity among breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE
Physical activity (PA) has been shown to provide health benefits for breast cancer patients. The effects of augmenting oncology health care provider (HCP) advice for PA with 3 months of telephone counseling versus contact control were evaluated in a randomized trial.


METHODS
After receiving brief HCP advice to become physically active, 192 women (age in years: M = 60.0, SD = 9.9) who had completed treatment for Stage 0-IV breast cancer were randomized to telephone counseling to support PA (n = 106) or contact control (n = 86). Their PA, motivational readiness, fatigue, and physical functioning were assessed at baseline (before receiving HCP advice), 3, 6, and 12 months.


RESULTS
Telephone counseling produced significant effects on the primary outcome of moderate-intensity PA of about 30 min/week at both 3 months (95% CI = 0.44, 57.32) and 6 months (95% CI = 3.06, 61.26). Intervention participants were also more than twice as likely as control participants to report improvements in achieving PA guidelines of at least 150 min/week at 3 (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.18, 4.98) and 6 months (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.00-4.48). Telephone counseling was significantly more effective than contact control in increasing motivational readiness for PA at all follow-ups (ORs = 3.93-6.28, all ps <.003). No between-groups differences were found for fatigue, while differential improvements in physical functioning did not remain significant past 3 months (p = .01).


CONCLUSION
HCP advice plus telephone counseling improved PA among breast cancer patients at 3 and 6 months and also differentially improved patients' motivational readiness at all follow-ups, suggesting the potential for exercise promotion in cancer follow-up care.
Graph Isomorphism in Quasipolynomial Time

We show that the Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem and its generalizations, the String Isomorphism (SI) and Coset Intersection (CI) problems, can be solved in quasipolynomial (exp ( (log n) ) ) time. The best previous bound for GI was exp(O( √ n log n)), where n is the number of vertices (Luks, 1983); for SI and CI, the bound was similar, exp(Õ( √ n)), where n is the size of the permutation domain (Babai, 1983). The SI problem takes as input two strings, x and y, of length n, and a permutation group G of degree n and asks if some element of G transforms x into y. Our algorithm builds on Luks’s SI framework and attacks its bottleneck, characterized by an epimorphism φ of G onto the alternating group acting on a set Γ of size k > c log n. Our goal is to break this symmetry. The crucial first step is to find a canonical t-ary relational structure on Γ, with not too much symmetry, for some t = O(log n). We say that an element x in the domain of G is affected by φ if φ maps the stabilizer of x to a proper subgroup of Ak. The affected/unaffected dichotomy provides a device to construct global symmetry from local information through the core group-theoretic “local certificates” routine. This algorithm in turn produces the required t-ary structure and thereby sets the stage for symmetry breaking via combinatorial methods of canonical partitioning. The latter lead to the emergence of the Johnson graphs as the sole obstructions to effective canonical partitioning. For a list of updates compared to the first two arXiv versions, see the Acknowledgments (Sec. 18.1). WARNING. While the present version fills significant gaps of the previous versions and improves the presentation of some components of the paper, the revision is incomplete; at the current stage, it includes notational, conceptual, and organizational inconsistencies. A fuller explanation of this disclaimer appears in the Acknowledgments (Sec. 18.1) at the end of the paper. ∗ Research supported in part by NSF Grants CCF-7443327 (2014-current), CCF-1017781 (2010-2014), and CCF-0830370 (2008–2010). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The safety and tolerability of rotigotine transdermal system over a 6-year period in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease

This open-label extension (SP716; NCT00599196) of a 6-month, double-blind, randomized study (SP513) investigated the safety and tolerability of rotigotine transdermal system over up to ~6 years in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD; early-stage PD at double-blind enrollment). Eligible patients completing the 6-month study received optimal dose open-label rotigotine (≤16 mg/24 h) for up to ~6 years. Adjunctive levodopa was permitted. Primary outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and extent of rotigotine exposure. Analysis of adjunctive levodopa use, dyskinesias [unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) IV], and efficacy (UPDRS II + III total score) were also assessed. Of 381 patients enrolled in the open-label extension, 52 % were still in the study at time of closure; 24 % withdrew because of AEs and 6 % because of lack of efficacy. Patients received rotigotine for a median duration of 1,564.5 days (~4 years, 3 months; range 5–2, 145 days). 69 % of patients started supplemental levodopa; median time to levodopa was 485 days (~1 year, 4 months). Most common AEs (% per patient-year) were somnolence (18 %), application site reactions (12 %), nausea (9 %), peripheral edema (7 %), and fall (7 %). AEs indicative of impulsive–compulsive behavior were recorded in 25 (7 %) patients. Dyskinesias were experienced by 65 (17 %) patients; the majority [47 of 65 (72 %)] reported first dyskinesia after starting levodopa. Mean UPDRS II + III total scores remained below double-blind baseline for 4 years (assessment of all patients). In conclusion, rotigotine was generally well tolerated for up to ~6 years in patients with early-stage PD. The AEs reported were in line with previous studies of rotigotine transdermal system, with typical dopaminergic side effects and application site reactions seen.
On the Costs of a Bank-Centered Financial System : Evidence from the Changing Main Bank Relations in Japan

We examine the effects of bank–firm relationships on firm performance in Japan. When access to capital markets is limited, close bank–firm ties increase the availability of capital to borrowing firms, but do not lead to higher profitability or growth. The cost of capital of firms with close bank ties is higher than that of their peers. This indicates that most of the benefits from these relationships are appropriated by the banks. Finally, the slow growth rates of bank clients suggest that banks discourage firms from investing in risky, profitable projects. However, liberalization of financial markets reduces the banks’ market power. THE CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN manufacturing firms and financial institutions in Japan has recently been at the center of the debate on the appropriate financial system for the reforming economies of Eastern Europe. As opposed to the Anglo-Saxon separation of finance and industry, long-term ties between main banks and their client firms (involving bank loans, bank equity holding, and some bank-appointed personnel), which are common in Japan and Germany, have often been described as a growth-oriented financial system that could serve the needs of developing and reformed economies better than anonymous capital markets modeled after the American and British financial systems. The claim that close ties between investmentoriented banks and industrial firms could help overcome the difficulties of “relative backwardness” dates back to Gerschenkron (1962) who investigates European development. Rosovsky (1961) applies Gerschenkron’s framework to the analysis of Japanese growth. More recently, Aoki, Patrick, and Sheard (1994), Hoshi, Kashyap, and Loveman (1994), and Teranishi (1993), among others, portray the close ties between finance and industry in Japan as an important factor in the international competitiveness of modern Japanese * Weinstein is at the University of Michigan Business School. Yafeh is at the Economics Department, the Hebrew University. We thank Lee Branstetter, Richard Caves, Brian Hall, Takeo Hoshi, Steve Kaplan, Saul Lach, Henry Rosovsky, Mark Ramseyer, David Scharfstein, Paul Sheard, Adrian Tschoegl, David Weil, Jeffrey Williamson, Oved Yosha, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. Fumio Hayashi kindly provided some of the data on tape, and Emily McNeal provided research assistance. We also would like to thank Hiroyasu Sugihara and Kazuyuki Suzuki for help with the JDB data. David Weinstein would like to thank the Zengin Foundation for Studies on Economics and Finance for partial support for this project. Yishay Yafeh gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies and the Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel. THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL LIII, NO. 2 • APRIL 1998