LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dementia in residential care: education intervention trial (DIRECT); protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
There is scope to improve the quality of life (QOL) of people with dementia living in residential care facilities (RCF). The DIRECT study will determine if delivery of education to General Practitioners (GPs) and care staff improves the quality of life of residential care recipients with cognitive impairment.


METHODS/DESIGN
A prospective randomised controlled trial conducted in residential aged care facilities in the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. Participants are care facility residents, aged 65 years and older and with mini-mental state examination scores less than 25. GPs and care facility staff have been independently randomised to intervention or control groups. An education programme, designed to meet the perceived needs of learners, will be delivered to GPs and care staff in the intervention groups. The primary outcome of the study will be quality of life of the people with dementia, measured using the QOL-Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QOL-AD) and Alzheimer Disease Related QOL Scale (ADRQL), 4 weeks and 6 months after the conclusion of the education intervention.


RESULTS
Recruitment of 351 people with dementia, cared for by staff in 39 residential facilities and 55 GPs, was undertaken between May 2007 and July 2008. Collection of baseline data is complete. Education has been delivered to GPs and Care staff between September 2008 and July 2009. Follow-up data collection is underway.


DISCUSSION
The study results will have tangible implications for proprietors, managers and staff from the residential care sector and policy makers. The results have potential to directly benefit the quality of life of both patients and carers.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
These trial methods have been prospectively registered (ACTRN12607000417482).
Host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis interactome reveals a novel iron assimilation mechanism linked to nitric oxide stress during early infection

The initial interaction between host cell and pathogen sets the stage for the ensuing infection and ultimately determine the course of disease. However, there is limited knowledge of the transcripts utilized by host and pathogen and how they may impact one another during this critical step. The purpose of this study was to create a host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) interactome for early infection in an epithelium-macrophage co-culture system using RNA-seq. Establishment of the host-MAP interactome revealed a novel iron assimilation system for carboxymycobactin. Iron assimilation is linked to nitric oxide synthase-2 production by the host and subsequent nitric oxide buildup. Iron limitation as well as nitric oxide is a prompt for MAP to enter into an iron sequestration program. This new iron sequestration program provides an explanation for mycobactin independence in some MAP strains grown in vitro as well as during infection within the host cell. Utilization of such a pathway is likely to aid MAP establishment and long-term survival within the host. The host-MAP interactome identified a number of metabolic, DNA repair and virulence genes worthy for consideration as novel drug targets as well as future pathogenesis studies. Reported interactome data may also be utilized to conduct focused, hypothesis-driven research. Co-culture of uninfected bovine epithelial cells (MAC-T) and primary bovine macrophages creates a tolerant genotype as demonstrated by downregulation of inflammatory pathways. This co-culture system may serve as a model to investigate other bovine enteric pathogens.
Constraining kinematics during single-leg squats and step-ups can reduce quadratus lumborum activation and facilitate gluteal activation

............................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... ii Table of
What Do Firms Do with Cash Windfalls

Suppose that a firm receives a cash windfall which does not change its investment opportunity set or, equivalently, its marginal Tobin’s Q. What will this firm do with the money? We provide empirical answers to this question using a sample of eleven funks wi?h such windfalls in the form of a won or settled lawsuit. We examine a variety of decisions of the firm to shed light on alternative theories of corporate financing and investment. Our evidence is broadly inconsistent with the perfect capital markets model. The results need to be stretched considerably to fit the asymmetric information model in which managers act in the interest of shareholders. The evidence supports the agency model of managerial behavior, in which managers try to ensure the long-run survival and independence of the firms with themselves at the helm. Ke_t* rt*ords: Cash flow: Agency theory; Lawsuits JEL clas.@catiort: G32; D92
Colonoscopy utilization and outcomes 2000 to 2011.

BACKGROUND
Understanding colonoscopy utilization and outcomes can help determine when the procedure is most effective.


OBJECTIVE
To study trends in utilization and outcomes of colonoscopy in the United States from 2000 to 2011.


DESIGN
Prospective collection of colonoscopy data.


SETTING
A total of 84 adult diverse GI practices.


PATIENTS
All adult patients receiving colonoscopy for any reason.


INTERVENTION
Colonoscopy.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Polyps >9 mm or suspected malignant tumor.


RESULTS
We analyzed 1,372,838 reports. The most common reason for colonoscopy in patients aged <50 years is evaluation of symptoms such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (28.7%) and bleeding or anemia (35.3%). In patients aged 50 to 74 years, colorectal cancer screening accounts for 42.9% of examinations. In patients aged >74 years, surveillance for cancer or polyps is the most common indication. The use of colonoscopy for average-risk screening increased nearly 3-fold during the study period. The prevalence of large polyps increases with age and is higher in men for every procedure indication. The prevalence of large polyps in patients with symptoms of IBS was lower than in those undergoing average-risk screening (odds ratio [OR] 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.87). With increasing age, there was a shift from distal to proximal large polyps. The rate of proximal large polyps is higher in the black population compared with the white population (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.25).


LIMITATIONS
In the absence of pathology data, use of surrogate as the main outcome.


CONCLUSION
Colonoscopy utilization changed from 2000 to 2011, with an increase in primary screening. The proximal location of large polyps in the black population and with advancing age has implications for screening and surveillance.
A stabilized volume‐averaging finite element method for flow in porous media and binary alloy solidification processes

A stabilized equal-order velocity-pressure finite element algorithm is presented for the analysis of flow in porous media and in the solidification of binary alloys. The adopted governing macroscopic conservation equations of momentum, energy and species transport are derived from their microscopic counterparts using the volume-averaging method. The analysis is performed in a single-domain with a fixed numerical grid. The fluid flow scheme developed includes SUPG (streamline-upwind/PetrovGalerkin), PSPG (pressure stabilizing/Petrov-Galerkin) and DSPG (Darcy stabilizing/PetrovGalerkin) stabilization terms in a variable porosity medium. For the energy and species equations a classical SUPG-based finite element method is employed. The developed algorithms were tested extensively with bilinear elements and were shown to perform stably and with nearly quadratic convergence in high Rayleigh number flows in varying porosity media. Examples are shown in natural and double diffusive convection in porous media and in the directional solidification of a binary-alloy. Copyright c © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CensMon: A Web Censorship Monitor

The Internet has traditionally been the most free medium for publishing and accessing information. It is also quickly becoming the dominant medium for quick and easy access to news. It is therefore not surprising that there are significant efforts to censor certain news articles or even entire web sites. For this reason, it is paramount to try to detect what is censored and by whom. In this paper we present the design and implemention of a web censorship monitor, called CensMon. CensMon is distributed in nature, operates automatically and does not rely on Internet users to report censored web sites, can differentiate access network failures from possible censorship, and uses multiple input streams to determine what kind of censored data to look for. Our evaluation shows that CensMon can successfully detect censored content and spot the filtering technique used by the censor.
Heat transfer in nucleate pool boiling of multicomponent mixtures

Steady state pool boiling heat transfer coefficients have been obtained experimentally for acetone–isopropanol–water and acetone–MEK (methyl ethyl ketone)–water ternary systems. The data show that, for a given heat flux, the heat transfer coefficients of mixtures are lower than those obtained for pure components constituting the mixture. The measured heat transfer coefficients were compared with predictions from literature correlations for pool boiling of multicomponent mixtures. In all the cases, overestimation or underestimation of the data was observed. The literature correlations incorporate an ‘ideal’ heat transfer coefficient and a correction term for the presence of other liquids. Part of the uncertainty associated with the literature correlations on comparison with the present data appears to be due to the uncertainty in estimating the ideal heat transfer coefficient. The methods suggested by the earlier authors found to be not applicable for the present heating surface–liquid combinations. Therefore, in the present study, two different correlations were tried for the ideal heat transfer coefficient and it was found that the performance of the literature correlations improved considerably. However, the methods reported in the literature and the correlations tried in the present study to estimate ideal heat transfer coefficient did not consider heating surface–liquid interaction and the effect of heating surface microroughness in boiling. Therefore, a correlation to estimate the ideal heat transfer coefficient has been proposed taking into account surface–liquid interaction parameter and surface roughness group. A new correlation to estimate mixture heat transfer coefficients has been proposed in the present study in terms of an ideal heat transfer coefficient and a correction term. In general, the correction term in binary mixtures is obtained by incorporating the binary diffusivity of the mixture. In multicomponent systems, the multicomponent diffusion coefficients have to be incorporated in the expression for the correction term. The mixture heat transfer coefficient correlation along with the correlation for ideal heat transfer coefficient proposed in the present study predicts the present experimental data as well as literature data satisfactorily. The heat transfer coefficient was found to be a function of the difference between the equilibrium vapor and liquid concentration of the light component(s) and the minimum heat transfer coefficient occurs at the maximum of this value. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Monetary policy and financial stability: an open debate

The recent global fi nancial crisis triggered the need to better understand the link between the fi nancial sector and the macroeconomy and the role of central banks in addressing fi nancial stability concerns, in particular regarding the interaction with monetary policy. This paper surveys the main contributions from the economic literature on this issue. There is a wide set of perspectives on how monetary policy should take into account fi nancial stability. Proposals range from strengthening the understanding and monitoring of macro-fi nancial interactions to more drastic ones that propose to add fi nancial stability as an additional objective for monetary policy or use monetary policy for fi nancial stability purposes. We conclude that given the importance of the fi nancial system for the monetary policy transmission mechanism, fi nancial stability concerns need to be taken into account in monetary policy. On the other hand, monetary policy, including unconventional measures, contributes to fi nancial stability (it is even crucial to it under certain circumstances). However, the monetary policy primary objective should remain focused on price stability. It should also be noted that, in general, price stability does not guarantee fi nancial stability and potential confl its between the two are highly unfavourable. Therefore, it is essential for other policies, in particular micro and macro-prudential ones, to maintain a close surveillance of the fi nancial system and, whenever needed, act to reduce the likelihood of systemic events and minimize the negative effects on the economy.
Structural deterioration of finger joints with ultrasonographic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with clinical low disease activity.

OBJECTIVE
In this study we investigated the relationship between synovial vascularity (SV) and structural alteration of finger joints in patients with RA and long-term sustained clinical low disease activity (CLDA).


METHODS
RA patients with CLDA of >2 years (minimum 1 year of CLDA for study entry plus 1 year of observation) were analysed. Quantitative SV values were sequentially measured in each finger joint using power Doppler ultrasonography (0, 8, 20 and 52 weeks). Radiological progression of local finger joints was evaluated according to the Genant-modified Sharp score (0-52 weeks).


RESULTS
Of the 25 patients enrolled, 15 patients were finally analysed after excluding 10 patients who failed to maintain CLDA during the observational period. Changes in radiological progression of MCP and PIP joints with positive SV were significantly greater than those in joints with negative SV. Joint space narrowing (JSN) was strongly related to structural alteration of finger joints. In joints with positive SV, changes in structural alteration did not relate to total SV values, which reflect total exposure to inflammation in an observational period.


CONCLUSION
Even in patients with a long period of CLDA, finger joints with positive SV showed structural alteration, especially in the progression of JSN.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/, UMIN000007305.
Effects of sufentanil or ketamine administered in target-controlled infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of severely brain-injured patients.

OBJECTIVE
The manual injection of a bolus of opioid in patients with brain injury induces an increase in intracranial pressure related to a decrease in mean arterial pressure. Such an effect has not been observed with the use of ketamine. The use of target-controlled infusion would minimize or suppress this adverse effect of opioid. This study evaluated the effects of an increase in plasma concentrations of sufentanil or ketamine administered by target-controlled infusion on cerebral hemodynamics.


DESIGN
Prospective, randomized study.


SETTING
Intensive care unit in a trauma center.


PATIENTS
Thirty patients with severe traumatic brain injury.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were assigned to receive sedation consisting of sufentanil-midazolam or ketamine-midazolam using target-controlled infusion. Twenty-four hours after the onset of sedation, the target concentrations of sufentanil or ketamine were doubled for 15 mins. Blood samples were collected to determine the actual plasma concentration of sufentanil and ketamine, before and 15 mins after concentration change.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The baseline values of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were similar in both groups. The two-fold increase in drug concentrations did not involve a significant change for intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and mean velocity of middle cerebral artery in both the ketamine and the sufentanil groups. The measured plasma concentrations of sufentanil and ketamine were 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL and 2.6 +/- 2.2 mug/mL, respectively, before the increase in concentrations and 0.7 +/- 0.4 ng/mL and 5.5 +/- 3.8 mug/mL after.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study shows that the increase in sufentanil or ketamine plasma concentrations using a target-controlled infusion is not associated with adverse effects on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe brain injury. The use of target-controlled infusion could be of interest in the management of severely brain-injured patients. However, there is a need for specific pharmacokinetic models designed for intensive care unit patients.
Comprehending the experienceof being anxious

Resumen en: In this article, it is offered a theoretical reflection about the experience of being anxious, which is based on both the results of a qualitative resea...
A Note on Characterization of Prime Ideals of Γ -Semigroups in terms of Fuzzy Subsets

In this paper the notion of fuzzy prime ideal in Γ-semigroups has been introduced and studied. Relationship between prime ideals of a Γ-semigroup and that of its operator semigroups have been obtained which are used to revisit analogous results on ideals of Γ-semigroups and its operator semigroups. Mathematics Subject Classification[2000]: 20M12, 03F55, 08A72
Pixel or Paper? Validation of a Mobile Technology for Collecting Patient-Reported Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

BACKGROUND
In the management of chronic disease, new models for telemonitoring of patients combined with the choice of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) are being encouraged, with a clear improvement of both patients' and parents' quality of life. An Italian study demonstrated that ePRO were welcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with excellent matching data.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of agreement between electronic and paper-and-pencil questionnaire responses.


METHODS
This is an observational prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to first complete the questionnaire by paper and pencil and then by tablet or in the opposite order. The questionnaire consisted of 3 independent self-assessment visual rating scales (Visual Analog Scale, Global Health score, Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity) commonly used in different adult patients, including those with rheumatic diseases.


RESULTS
A total of 185 consecutive RA patients were admitted to hospital and were enrolled and completed the questionnaire both on paper and on electronic versions. For all the evaluated items, the intrarater degree of agreement between 2 approaches was found to be excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.75, P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
An electronic questionnaire is uploaded in a dedicated Web-based tool that could implement a telemonitoring system aimed at improving the follow-up of RA patients. High intrarater reliability between paper and electronic methods of data collection encourage the use of a new digital app with consequent benefit for the overall health care system.
Pre-emptive immunotherapy with CD8-depleted donor lymphocytes after CD34-selected allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To maximize graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects while minimizing the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we undertook a study of allogeneic CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation followed by CD8-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI).


DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-four patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were included. PBSC were collected in matched (N=16) or one-mismatch (N=8) related donors and CD34-selected. On day 60, donors donated lymphocytes that were CD8-depleted and separated into 3 aliquots containing 2 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7) and 5 x 10(7) CD3+ cells/kg (patients 1-13) or into 2 aliquots containing 1 x 10(7) and 5 x 10(7) CD3+ cells/kg (patients 14-24). The 1st aliquot was infused on day 60 and the other 1 (2) cryopreserved and infused on days 100 (and 140).


RESULTS
An average of 100%, 100% and 84% of the scheduled dose could be administered in DLI 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although the study group was at very high risk of GVHD, the actuarial incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 28% (13% for HLA-identical siblings) with only 1 patient developing grade III-IV GVHD (after DLI). The actuarial 2-year probability of extensive chronic GVHD was similarly low (13% for all patients and 0% for HLA-identical siblings). Individual cases as well as a 30% relapse rate (0% for standard-risk patients versus 55% for high-risk patients) indicated preservation of the GVL effect.


INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that allogeneic transplantation of CD34-selected PBSC followed by pre-emptive CD8-depleted DLI is feasible with rapid engraftment and minimizes the risk of severe GVHD. Large prospective trials are required to prove that it preserves the GVL effect fully.
Usage Bibliometrics

Scholarly usage data provides unique opportunities to address the known shortcomings of citation analysis. However, the collection, processing and analysis of usage data remains an area of active research. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art in usage-based informetric, i.e. the use of usage data to study the scholarly process.
Mental health recovery competencies for mental health workers: a Delphi study.

BACKGROUND
Mental health recovery is a concept that is now widely promoted. Lengthy sets of competency statements have been published to assist mental health workers become more recovery orientated in their work. However, there continues to be a lack of clarity around what constitutes recovery focused practice or which competencies are most helpful to assist people towards recovery.


AIMS
To identify the most important or valued mental health worker competencies/practices that are supportive of mental health recovery.


METHOD
Experts by experience participated in an online Delphi survey to rate the importance of recovery competency statements, to reach consensus on the most important competencies and provide examples of specific practices that demonstrate competent practice.


RESULTS
The top rated competencies emphasized mental health workers listening to and respecting the person's view points, conveying a belief that recovery is possible and recognizing, respecting and promoting the person's resources and capacity for recovery.


CONCLUSIONS
These results serve to clarify some boundaries around recovery-focused practices and demark these from other examples of good mental health practice.
An evaluation of the analytic continuation by duality technique

In Nucl. Phys. B391 (1993) 127, the value of the oblique correction parameter S for walking technicolor theories was estimated using a technique called Analytic Continuation by Duality (ACD). We apply the ACD technique to the perturbative vacuum polarization function and find that it fails to reproduce the well known result S=1/6\pi. This brings into question the reliability of the ACD technique and the ACD estimate of S.