LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Discovery With Models A Case Study on Carelessness in Computer-Based Science Inquiry

In recent years, an increasing number of analyses in Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining (EDM) have adopted a “Discovery with Models” approach, where an existing model is used as a key component in a new EDM/analytics analysis. This article presents a theoretical discussion on the emergence of discovery with models, its potential to enhance research on learning and learners, and key lessons learned in how discovery with models can be conducted validly and effectively. We illustrate these issues through discussion of a case study where discovery with models was used to investigate a form of disengaged behavior, i.e., carelessness, in the context of middle school computer-based science inquiry. This behavior has been acknowledged as a problem in education as early as the 1920s. With the increasing use of high-stakes testing, the cost of student carelessness can be higher. For instance, within computer-based learning environments careless errors can result in reduced educational effectiveness, with students continuing to receive material they have already mastered. Despite the importance of this problem, it has received minimal research attention, in part due to difficulties in operationalizing carelessness as a construct. Building from theory on carelessness and a Bayesian framework for knowledge modeling, we use machine-learned detectors to predict carelessness within authentic use of a computer-based learning environment. We then use a discovery with models approach to link these validated carelessness measures to survey data, to study the correlations between the prevalence of carelessness and student goal orientation.
Capacity Increase for Voice over IP Traffic through Packet Aggregation in Wireless Multihop Mesh Networks

Recently, voice over IP (VoIP) has become an important service for the future internet. However, for ubiquitous wireless VoIP services, greater coverage will be necessary as promised by the advent of e.g. 802.11 WLAN based wireless meshed networks. Unfortunately, the transmission of small (voice) packets imposes high overhead which leads to low capacity for VoIP over 802.11 based multihop meshed networks. In this work, we present a novel packet aggregation mechanism that significantly enhances capacity of VoIP in wireless meshed networks while still maintaining satisfactory voice quality. Extensive experiments using network simulation ns-2 confirm that our packet aggregation algorithm can lead to a significantly increase in the number of supported concurrent VoIP flows over a variety of different hop numbers while reducing the MAC layer contention.
Martial arts in artificial reality

This paper presents Kick Ass Kung-Fu, a martial arts game installation where the player fights virtual enemies with kicks and punches as well as acrobatic moves such as cartwheels. Using real-time image processing and computer vision, the video image of the user is embedded inside 3D graphics. Compared to previous work, our system uses a profile view and two displays, which allows an improved view of many martial arts techniques. We also explore exaggerated motion and dynamic slow-motion effects to transform the aesthetic of kung-fu movies into an interactive, embodied experience. The system is described and analyzed based on results from testing the game in a theater, in a television show, and in a user study with 46 martial arts practitioners.
Insulin-sensitizing antihyperglycemic drugs and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: insights from the National Heart Care Project.

OBJECTIVE
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and metformin are insulin-sensitizing antihyperglycemic agents with reported benefits on atherosclerosis. Despite extensive use in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, there is a paucity of outcomes data with metformin and none yet with TZDs. We sought to determine the impact of these insulin sensitizers on outcomes in diabetic patients after hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 24,953 Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes discharged after hospitalization with AMI between April 1998 and March 1999 or July 2000 and June 2001. The independent association between discharge prescription for metformin, TZD, or both agents and outcomes at 1 year was assessed in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for patient, physician, and hospital variables. The primary outcome was time to death within 1 year of discharge; secondary outcomes were time to first rehospitalization within 1 year of discharge for AMI, heart failure, and all causes.


RESULTS
There were 8,872 patients discharged on an antihyperglycemic agent, of which 819 were prescribed a TZD, 1,273 metformin, and 139 both drugs. After multivariable analysis, compared with patients prescribed an antihyperglycemic regimen that included no insulin sensitizer, mortality rates were not significantly different in patients treated with either metformin (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92 [95% CI 0.81-1.06]) or a TZD (0.92 [0.80-1.05]) but were lower in those prescribed both drugs (0.52 [0.34-0.82]). The results were similar among patients with heart failure. The prescription of a TZD was associated with a borderline higher risk of all-cause readmission (1.09[1.00-1.20]), predominately due to a higher risk for heart failure readmission (1.17 [1.05-1.30]).


CONCLUSIONS
Individually, prescription of insulin-sensitizing drugs is not associated with a significantly different risk of death in older diabetic patients within 1 year following AMI compared with other antihyperglycemic agents. Combined, however, metformin and TZDs may exert benefit. TZD prescription is associated with a higher risk of readmission for heart failure after myocardial infarction.
Factors influencing activities of daily living using FIM–FAM scoring system before starting adjuvant treatment in patients with brain tumors: results from a prospective study

Background Patients with brain tumors have varied degree of functional and psychological impairments because of factors relating to the tumor or to the treatment they receive. The functional independence measurement and functional activity measurement system (FIM–FAM) is an activity of daily living (ADL) scoring system that may be able to determine impairments in different domains objectively. Material and method From August 2007 to April 2008, 150 consecutive adult (>18 years) primary brain tumor patients (median age 40 years; male 88, female 62) registered in a general out-patient neuro-oncology clinic were accrued and detailed data were recorded. Seventy percent had malignant tumor (66% high-grade and 34% low-grade; 70% intra-axial). Glioblastoma (GBM) (23.3%), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) (18.7%), and diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma (18.7%) were the commonest histologic subtypes. The common sites for tumors included frontal region (30.7%), posterior fossa (12%), and left parietal region (11.3%). A detailed baseline pre-radiotherapy (pre-RT) ADL assessment was done with the FIM–FAM scoring system, which has seven domains with 30 sub-domains (maximum and minimum total scores are 210 and 30). Results The mean total FIM–FAM score of the entire patient population was 167.5 (range 30–208). Scores in self care, sphincter control, mobility items, locomotion, communication items, psychological, and cognitive item domains were 39.49, 10.95, 22.70, 16.44, 28.93, 18.96, and 30.1, respectively. Univariate analysis showed total FIM–FAM scores not significantly different with age (≤35 years vs. >35 years; P = 0.994), sex (male versus female; P = 0.133), and grade of the tumor (high-grade versus low-grade; P = 0.142) but were significantly higher in patients with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of ≥70 as compared with <70 (P = 0.001), neurological performance scale (NPS) of 0 or 1 vs. 2 or 3; P = 0.001), disease type (benign versus malignant; P = 0.001), and site of disease (cerebral versus cerebellar; P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings for KPS (P = 0.001) and NPS (P = 0.012) only. Age was a significant factor for poorer cognitive function (P = 0.005), psychological (P = 0.045), and self care function (P = 0.001). A trend for correlation between tumor sites with the corresponding function as assesses on the FIM–FAM score was observed. Mobility domain scores were poor for left parietal domain and psychosocial for frontal lobe lesion. Pearson correlation test demonstrated a significant correlation between KPS and NPS with FIM–FAM scores (P = <0.001). Average time to perform the FIM–FAM was 15–20 min. Conclusion FIM–FAM system is relatively simple, easy to perform in routine clinical practice and may be used as a tool for assessment of rehabilitation program. There is strong correlation with age, type of tumor, and site of disease with different functional and cognitive domain impairment.
Division of Labor Among Lesbian and Heterosexual Parents: Associations With Children's Adjustment

This study compared lesbian and heterosexual parents' division of household labor, satisfaction with division of labor, satisfaction with couple relationships, and associations of these variables with psychological adjustment of children. Participating lesbian (n = 30) and heterosexual (n = 16) couples all became parents by using anonymous donor insemination and had at least 1 child of elementary-school age. Although both lesbian and heterosexual couples reported relatively equal divisions of paid employment and of household and decision-making tasks, lesbian biological and nonbiological mothers shared child-care tasks more equally than did heterosexual parents. Among lesbian nonbiological mothers, those more satisfied with the division of family decisions in the home were also more satisfied with their relationships and had children who exhibited fewer externalizing behavior problems. The effect of division of labor on children's adjustment was mediated by parents' relationship satisfaction.
Internet delivered diabetes self-management education: a review.

BACKGROUND
Diabetes self-management education is a cornerstone of successful diabetes management. Various methods have been used to reach the increasing numbers of patients with diabetes, including Internet-based education. The purpose of this article is to review various delivery methods of Internet diabetes education that have been evaluated, as well as their effectiveness in improving diabetes-related outcomes.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature was identified in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases through searches using the following terms: "type 2 diabetes AND internet/web based AND education" and "type 2 diabetes AND diabetes self-management education (DSME) AND web-based/internet OR technology assisted education." The search was limited to English language articles published in the last 10 years. The search yielded 111 articles; of these, 14 met criteria for inclusion in this review. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials, and study lengths varied from 2 weeks to 24 months, for a total of 2,802 participants.


RESULTS
DSME delivered via the Internet is effective at improving measures of glycemic control and diabetes knowledge compared with usual care. In addition, results demonstrate that improved eating habits and increased attendance at clinic appointments occur after the online DSME, although engagement and usage of Internet materials waned over time. Interventions that included an element of interaction with healthcare providers were seen as attractive to participants.


CONCLUSIONS
Internet-delivered diabetes education has the added benefit of easier access for many individuals, and patients can self-pace themselves through materials. More research on the cost-benefits of Internet diabetes education and best methods to maintain patient engagement are needed, along with more studies assessing the long-term impact of Internet-delivered DSME.
Inside-outside duality for planar billiards: A numerical study.

This paper reports the results of extensive numerical studies related to spectral properties of the Laplacian and the scattering matrix for planar domains (called billiards). There is a close connection between eigenvalues of the billiard Laplacian and the scattering phases, basically that every energy at which a scattering phase is 2π corresponds to an eigenenergy of the Laplacian. Interesting phenomena appear when the shape of the domain does not allow an extension of the eigenfunction to the exterior. In this paper these phenomena are studied and illustrated from several points of view. DIETZ, Barbara, et al. Inside-outside duality for planar billiards: A numerical study. Physical Review. E, 1995, vol. 51, no. 5, p. 4222-4231 DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4222
Class D Audio Amplifier Performance Relationship to MOSFET Parameters

Page Abstract ............................................................................................................2 Introduction ......................................................................................................2 Key MOSFET Electrical Parameters in Class D Audio Amplifiers ....................2 Drain Source Breakdown Voltage BVDSS................................................2 Static Drain-to-Source On Resistance RDS(on).........................................4 Gate Charge Qg......................................................................................5 Body Diode Reverse Recovery Charge, Qrr ...........................................8 Internal Gate Resistance RG(int)........................................................11 MOSFET Package ..................................................................................11 Maximum Junction Temperature .............................................................12 International Rectifier Digital Audio MOSFET ...................................................13 Conclusions.........................................................................................14 References........................................................................................................14
Comparing risk-prediction methods using administrative or clinical data in assessing excess in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES
To compare results of statistical process-control analyses of in-hospital deaths of patients with acute myocardial infarction by using either administrative or clinical data sources and prediction models, and to assess variation in results according to selected patient characteristics.


DESIGN
Retrospective, cross-sectional study comparing variable life-adjusted display (VLAD) curves derived by using administrative or clinical prediction models applied to a single patient sample.


PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
Data from 467 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Queensland, between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2006, with a coded discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Statistical estimates of cumulative lives gained or lost in excess of those predicted at the end of the study period.


RESULTS
The two prediction models, when applied to all patients, generated almost identical VLAD curves, showing a steadily increasing excess mortality over the study period, culminating in an estimated 11 excess deaths. Risk estimates for individual patients from each model were significantly correlated (r = 0.46, P < 0.001). After exclusion of misclassified cases, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and deaths within 30 minutes of presentation, replotting the curves reversed the mortality trend and yielded, depending on the model, a net gain of three or seven lives. After further exclusion of transfers in from other hospitals and patients whose care had a palliative or conservative intent, the net gain increased to seven or 10 lives.


CONCLUSION
Appropriate patient selection is more important than choice of dataset or risk-prediction model when statistical process-control methods are used to flag unfavourable mortality trends suggestive of suboptimal hospital care.
Adding obesity to the problem list increases the rate of providers addressing obesity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Obesity is a common problem that increases risk of many other diseases, from heart disease to cancer. While counseling by a physician increases patient report of weight loss attempts and increased exercise, primary care physicians do not frequently address obesity. The objectives of this study were to determine how often obesity was included on the problem list and whether adding obesity to the problem list affected the rate at which it was addressed in future visits.


METHODS
We conducted an initial assessment, followed by a randomized controlled trial of patient records at a family medicine residency office. The intervention was the addition of obesity to the problem list. The measured outcome was whether or not obesity was listed as an encounter diagnosis in the following 5 months.


RESULTS
At baseline, 36.2% of obese patients had obesity on their problem list. A total of 55.5% of these patients had obesity addressed by a provider in the past year, compared with 5.1% of patients who did not have obesity on their problem list. In the 5 months following the intervention, 38 (14.7%) of the 258 patients in the intervention group had obesity addressed, compared with 11 (4.6%) of the 239 patients in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant relationship between the addition of obesity to the problem list and providers addressing obesity at future visits. This simple intervention could be accomplished automatically by the EMR and has the potential to change provider behavior.
Tolerância à dessecação de sementes de espécies de Eugenia

The objective of this work was to evaluate the desiccation tolerance of seeds of six fruit species of Eugenia (E. brasiliensis Lam., E. cerasiflora Miq., E. involucrata DC., E. pyriformis Camb., E. umbelliflora Berg. and E. uniflora L.) aiming to provide information for the conservation of the germinability of these seeds during storage. Seeds were dried continuously in oven (40oC) or closed chambers with silica gel (25oC) until 10% water content. After drying, samples of the seeds were analyzed for water content and germination. As water content decreased, seeds lost viability, independently of the drying method. Seeds from each species differed on sensitivity to desiccation, but all seeds were intolerant to levels lower than 45% water content and lost viability at levels lower than 15%.
Vernacular imagery on English misericords: framing interpretation

This article explores the visuality and cultural significance of figural carvings located on the undersides of English liturgical chairs, known as misericords.
Solving timetable scheduling problem using genetic algorithms

In this paper a genetic algorithm for solving timetable scheduling problem is described. The algorithm was tested on small and large instances of the problem. Algorithm performance was significantly enhanced with modification of basic genetic operators, which restrain the creation of new conflicts in the
Lithology of vendian terrigenous reservoirs of the south of the Siberian Craton

Vendian aluminosiliciclastic deposits of the southern Siberian Craton is the most prospective stratigraphic level for oil and gas exploration in Eastern Siberia. Lithological factor significantly contributed to the formation of these high-capacity reservoirs. Most of the hydrocarbons are confined to the Upper Vendian petroliferous complex, in particular to the Parfenovskiy productive horizon and its analogs. Deep drilling in central regions of the Angara–Lena Step (ALS) and in the northeastern Nepa–Botuoba Anteclise (NBA) elucidated the composition and structure of these collectors [1].
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir with NPH Insulin in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Intensive Insulin Therapy

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine and detemir with NPH insulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).


METHODS
Thirty four children and adolescents with type 1 DM (mean age 12.7 ± 3.4 years, diabetes duration 5.4 ± 3.0 years) were included in the study. All patients had been receiving intensive insulin therapy with insulin aspart and NPH for at least 6 months before switching from NPH to insulin glargine (Group 1, n=19) or detemir (Group 2, n=15). The medical records obtained within 6 months before and after treatment with insulin glargine and detemir were retrospectively reviewed and the data were compared in each group.


RESULTS
The mean age and duration of DM were similar in two groups (p>0.05). In both groups, switching from NPH to insulin glargine or detemir, resulted in a reduction in HbA(1c) (p0.05, for both). Patients in the detemir treated group had less increment in body mass index (BMI) SDS at the end of 6 months of therapy compared to NPH and glargine treated patients (p>0.05, for both). No side effects were noted throughout the study.


CONCLUSION
Both insulin glargine and detemir improved HbA(1c) at short-term and proved to be safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents with type 1 DM.
The Density Matrix Deformation in Physics of the Early Universe and Some of its Implications

In this paper a new approach to investigation of Quantum and Statistical Mechanics of the Early Universe (Planck scale) - density matrix deformation - is proposed. The deformation is understood as an extension of a particular theory by inclusion of one or several additional parameters in such a way that the initial theory appears in the limiting transition...
A Phase I pharmacokinetic and biological correlative study of oblimersen sodium (genasense, g3139), an antisense oligonucleotide to the bcl-2 mRNA, and of docetaxel in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

PURPOSE
To assess the feasibility of administering oblimersen sodium, a phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide directed to the Bcl-2 mRNA, with docetaxel to patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer; to characterize the pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters, Bcl-2 protein inhibition in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(s) (PBMC) and tumor; and to seek preliminary evidence of antitumor activity.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Patients were treated with increasing doses of oblimersen sodium administered by continuous i.v. infusion on days 1 to 6 and docetaxel administered i.v. over 1 h on day 6 every 3 weeks. Plasma was sampled to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of both oblimersen and docetaxel, and Bcl-2 protein expression was measured from paired collections of PBMCs pretreatment and post-treatment.


RESULTS
Twenty patients received 124 courses of the oblimersen and docetaxel combination at doses ranging from 5 to 7 mg/kg/day oblimersen and 60 to 100 mg/m(2) docetaxel. The rate of severe fatigue accompanied by severe neutropenia was unacceptably high at doses exceeding 7 mg/kg/day oblimersen and 75 mg/m(2) docetaxel. Nausea, vomiting, and fever were common, but rarely severe. Oblimersen mean steady-state concentrations were 3.44 +/- 1.31 and 5.32 +/- 2.34 at the 5- and 7-mg/kg dose levels, respectively. Prostate-specific antigen responses were observed in 7 of 12 taxane-naïve patients, but in taxane-refractory patients no responses were observed. Preliminary evaluation of Bcl-2 expression in diagnostic tumor specimens was not predictive of response to this therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
The recommended Phase II doses for oblimersen and docetaxel on this schedule are 7 mg/kg/day continuous i.v. infusion days 1 to 6, and 75 mg/m(2) i.v. day 6, respectively, once every 3 weeks. The absence of severe toxicities at this recommended dose, evidence of Bcl-2 protein inhibition in PBMC and tumor tissue, and encouraging antitumor activity in HPRC patients warrant further clinical evaluation of this combination.