LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A description of two outbreaks of capripoxvirus disease in Mongolia

Mongolia had no reported cases of capripoxvirus disease from 1977 until an outbreak of sheeppox in 2006-2007 and then goatpox in 2008. The two outbreaks occurred in geographically distant areas of Mongolia and, most strikingly, were highly species-specific. The 2006-2007 sheeppox outbreak affected no goats and the 2008 goatpox outbreak affected no sheep despite communal herding. The diseases were diagnosed using the polymerase chain reaction and virus neutralisation test. The P32 gene of the Mongolian sheeppox and goatpox viruses from the recent outbreaks were sequenced and compared with an archived 1967 strain of Goatpox virus from Mongolia. The P32 gene of the 2006-2007 Mongolian Sheeppox virus strain was identical to previously published sheeppox strains. The P32 gene of the 2008 Mongolian Goatpox virus strain was identical to the gene from virus isolated from recent goatpox outbreaks in China and Vietnam. The archived Mongolian Goatpox virus strain was unique.
Cost-function based predictive voltage control of two-level four-leg inverters using two step prediction horizon for standalone power systems

This paper presents a cost-function based predictive voltage control strategy with a prediction horizon of two samples to effectively control the output voltage of three-phase four-leg inverter used for the standalone power systems. The three-phase inverter with an additional leg is developed to deliver symmetrical sinusoidal three-phase voltages irrespective of the arbitrary consumer load profiles. The proposed controller uses the discrete model of the inverter and RLC filter for two-step prediction of output voltage for each switching state of the inverter. The control method chooses a switching state that minimizes the error between the output voltage and its reference. The proposed controller offers an excellent reference tracking with less voltage harmonic distortion for balanced, unbalanced and nonlinear loading conditions. The feasibility of the proposed control scheme has been verified by MATLAB/Simulink.
A Miniature Dielectric-Loaded Folded Half-Loop Antenna and Ground Plane Effects

A miniature dielectric-loaded folded half-loop antenna on a mobile terminal operating at 5.2 GHz to cover the IEEE802.11a wireless system is introduced. The length of the proposed antenna is reduced by 50% compared to the dielectric-loaded folded loop antenna in previous studies. The antenna's performance is not affected much by changing the size of the ground plane. The return loss and radiation patterns of the antenna are assessed using both a finite integration technique (FIT) simulation and experimental measurements.
Abnormalities of erythropoiesis during HIV-1 disease: a longitudinal analysis.

BACKGROUND
Impaired erythropoiesis is a key abnormality described in untreated HIV-1 disease. Most of the available data on HIV-associated hematopoietic abnormalities were obtained using unfractionated bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, thus resulting in significant inter (and intra)-individual variability in the number of cultured precursors. Aim of this study was to assess the erythropoietic capability of purified CD34+ progenitors through a longitudinal analysis of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) growth before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART).


METHODS
Twelve HIV-infected individuals were studied before and after ART; 31 HIV-uninfected individuals were enrolled as controls. CD34+ progenitors were purified from peripheral blood by immunomagnetic sorting and cultured in methylcellulose-based medium containing stem cell factor, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, and erythropoietin. Serum levels of iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation index, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, and erythropoietin were also evaluated.


RESULTS
Baseline BFU-E levels were increased in untreated HIV-infected individuals when compared with controls but declined significantly after successful ART. In contrast, serum levels of erythropoietin and soluble transferrin receptor increased significantly after ART.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that, in untreated HIV-infected individuals, chronic inflammation and/or immune activation is associated with defective erythropoiesis and accumulation of erythroid precursors. ART-induced suppression of HIV-1 replication is associated with normalization of BFU-E levels.
An Object-Oriented Framework for Finite Element Programming

This work describes an ongoing effort, initiated in early 1990s, in the development of a finite element analysis system, called FEMOOP, based on the object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm. The overall class organization of the program will be presented and the main features will be thoroughly discussed. One important feature is the capability of treating multi-dimension finite element models in the same object oriented, generic fashion. This is accomplished through the definition of two OOP classes: Analysis Model and Shape. The former is responsible for handling the specific aspects related to the differential equation that governs the element behavior, while the latter deals with the geometric and field interpolation aspects of the element. Another interesting feature of FEMOOP is the generic handling of natural boundary conditions. This is implemented through the automatic creation of fictitious elements responsible for translating these boundary conditions into nodal coefficients of the solution matrices and forcing vectors. These elements are instances (objects) of a class called Load Element. At the global level, another class (Control) is responsible for the implementation of the algorithm that controls the analysis of the problem, from which a derived class, called Equilibrium Path, handles the different path-following methods implemented in the program. Luiz F. Martha, Evandro Parente Jr.
Standardized tests of heart rate variability: normal ranges obtained from 309 healthy humans, and effects of age, gender, and heart rate

The authors undertook this study to determine the effects of age, gender, and heart rate (HR) on the results of cardiac autonomic function tests for measuring heart rate variability (HRV) in a large sample of healthy subjects (n=309). Conventional tests (deep breathing, maximum/minimum 30∶15 ratio), and a standardized 5-minute resting study, including spectral analysis of HR, were used. The main findings included (1) the indices of all tests, except for the ratio of the low- (LF) to high-frequency (HF) spectral power (LF/HF ratio) and HR itself, are inversely related to age in both sexes; (2) the 5-minute spectral bands (except for the LF/HF ratio), the variation coefficient, expiratory-inspiratory ratio during deep breathing, and the maximum/minimum 30∶15 ratio are independent of HR; (3) women up to the age of 55 years have a higher resting HR compared with men; (4) young and middleaged women show a significantly lower LF power and LF/HF ratio compared with age-matched men, whereas no significant gender differences are observed in the absolute HF power. The authors computed age- and gender-dependent normal values for each of the HRV indices studied here and discuss the clinical consequences arising from gender differences in HRV.
Retail Restructuring and Consumer Choice 1. Long-Term Local Changes in Consumer Behaviour: Portsmouth, 1980–2002

Over the last two decades, fundamental changes have taken place in the global supply and local structure of provision of British food retailing. Consumer lifestyles have also changed markedly. Despite some important studies of local interactions between new retail developments and consumers, this paper argues that there is a critical need to gauge the cumulative effects of these changes on consumer behaviour over longer periods. In this, the first of two papers, we present the main findings of a study of the effects of long-term retail change on consumers at the local level. The paper provides an overview of the changing geography of retail provision and patterns of consumption at the local level. It contextualises the Portsmouth study area as a locality that typifies national changes in retail provision and consumer lifestyles; outlines the main findings of two large-scale surveys of food shopping behaviour carried out in 1980 and 2002; and reveals the impacts of retail restructuring on consumer behaviour. Despite significant retail restructuring, the research reveals a surprising degree of behavioural inertia; it also underlines the strengths and limitations of survey research in understanding this phenomenon. The paper ends by problematising our understanding of how consumers experience choice at the local level, emphasising the need for qualitative research – the topic of our complementary second paper.
Smart City Architecture and its Applications Based on IoT

Wireless sensor networks have increasingly become contributors of very large amounts of data. The recent deployment of wireless sensor networks in Smart City infrastructures has led to very large amounts of data being generated each day across a variety of domains, with applications including environmental monitoring, healthcare monitoring and transport monitoring. To take advantage of the increasing amounts of data there is a need for new methods and techniques for effective data management and analysis to generate information that can assist in managing the utilization of resources intelligently and dynamically. Through this research, a Multi-Level Smart City architecture is proposed based on semantic web technologies and DempsterShafer uncertainty theory. The proposed architecture is described and explained in terms of its functionality and some real-time context-aware scenarios. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Construct Measurement and Validation Procedures in MIS and Behavioral Research: Integrating New and Existing Techniques

Evaluate goodness of fit of the measurement model Examine significance of the χ (p > .10), CFI (> .95), RMSEA (< .06), and SRMR (< .08). Conduct a simultaneous test of the vanishing tetrads implied by the model (Bollen and Ting 2000). Examine significance of the χ (p > .10), CFI (> .95), RMSEA (< .06), and SRMR (< .08). For models including 2+ reflective indicators, conduct a simultaneous test of the vanishing tetrads implied by the model (Bollen and Ting 2000). Assess validity of the set of indicators at the construct level For first-order constructs (Figure 3, Panel A): Examine whether the average variance extracted (AVE) for the set of indicators is greater than .50 (Fornell and Larcker 1981). For first-order constructs (Figure 3, Panel B): Assess the validity of the set of indicators using Edwards’ (2001) adequacy coefficient (Ra). Values of Ra greater than .50 would mean that, on average, a majority of the variance in the indicators is shared with the construct. Alternatively, if the only antecedents of the composite latent construct are its own formative indicators, the magnitude of the construct level error term could be used to assess validity (Diamantopoulos et al. 2008; Williams et al. 2003). The construct level error variance should be small and constitute no more than half of the total variance of the construct (the smaller the better). For second-order constructs (Figure 3, Panel C): Assess the validity of the set of sub-dimensions using Edwards’ (2001) multivariate coefficient of determination (Rm). Alternatively, the average variance For second-order constructs (Figure 3, Panel D): Assess the validity of the set of sub-dimensions using Edwards’ (2001) adequacy coefficient (Ra). Values of Ra greater than .50 would mean that, on average, a majority of the variance in the
Value-at-risk estimation by using probabilistic fuzzy systems

Value at Risk (VaR) measures the worst expected loss of a portfolio over a given horizon at a given confidence level. It summarises the financial risk a company faces into one single number. Recent methods of VaR estimation use parametric conditional models of portfolio volatility to adapt risk estimation to changing market conditions. However, more flexible methods that adapt to the underlying data distribution would be better suited for VaR estimation. In this paper, we consider VaR estimation by using probabilistic fuzzy systems, a semi-parametric method, which combines a linguistic description of the system behaviour with statistical properties of data. The performance of the proposed model is compared to the performance of a GARCH model for VaR estimation. It is found that statistical back testing always accepts PFS models after tuning, while GARCH models may be rejected.
An efficient and cost-effective approach for genic microsatellite marker-based large-scale trait association mapping: identification of candidate genes for seed weight in chickpea

The large-scale validation and high-throughput genotyping of numerous informative genic microsatellite markers are required for association mapping to identify candidate genes for complex quantitative traits in chickpea. However, the screening and genotyping of such informative markers in individual genotypes/whole association panels for trait association mapping involves massive costs in terms of resources, time and labour due to low genetic polymorphism in chickpea. We have developed an alternative time-saving and cost-effective pool-based trait association mapping approach by combining pooled DNA analysis (with 616 genic microsatellite markers) and individual genotype (large structured association panel) genotyping. Using this approach we have identified seven seed weight-associated transcription factor gene-derived microsatellite markers (with minor allele frequency >15 %) in desi and kabuli chickpea. Strong marker allele effects of these five transcription factors with increasing seed weight in the contrasting desi and kabuli genotypes were evident. Bi-parental linkage mapping using 241 of the informative gene-based microsatellite markers resulted in the identification and mapping of nine such markers linked with three major quantitative trait loci (explaining a total phenotypic variance of 23.5–34.7 %) on chromosomes 1 (CaqSW1.1: 73.5–74.5 cM and CaqSW1.2: 79.3–81.3 cM) and 2 (CaqSW2.1: 65.7–67.5 cM) controlling 100-seed weight in chickpea. The integration of pool-based trait association mapping with differential expression profiling, traditional bi-parental linkage mapping and high-resolution microsatellite-single nucleotide polymorphism marker-based haplotyping/linkage disequilibrium mapping delineated four transcription factor genes (DUF3594, bZIP, DUF1635 and SBP) controlling seed weight in desi and kabuli chickpea. The strategies implemented in our study can be used in large-scale trait association mapping for the rapid identification of candidate genes and in the development of functional markers for traits of agricultural importance in crop species including chickpea.
Information-preserving hybrid data reduction based on fuzzy-rough techniques

Data reduction plays an important role in machine learning and pattern recognition with a high-dimensional data. In real-world applications data usually exists with hybrid formats, and a unified data reducing technique for hybrid data is desirable. In this paper, an information measure is proposed to computing discernibility power of a crisp equivalence relation or a fuzzy one, which is the key concept in classical rough set model and fuzzy-rough set model. Based on the information measure, a general definition of significance of nominal, numeric and fuzzy attributes is presented. We redefine the independence of hybrid attribute subset, reduct, and relative reduct. Then two greedy reduction algorithms for unsupervised and supervised data dimensionality reduction based on the proposed information measure are constructed. Experiments show the reducts found by the proposed algorithms get a better performance compared with classical rough set approaches. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Actual use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of hospitalisation: a case-control study

Background: The relationship between therapy and adverse outcome in asthma is debated especially for naturally occurring situations. This is due in part to insufficient information regarding actual use of medications. Objective: This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between actual intake of anti-asthma drugs and asthma hospitalisation, considered as an outcome. Methods: A case-control study was performed. Patients hospitalised for an asthma exacerbation were matched to community controls identified in surrounding general practices. Patients were questioned to identify prior use of anti-asthma medications, level of use of inhaled corticosteroids and attitude towards therapy. Results: Twenty-three cases and 31 matched controls were interviewed. Cases tended to have more severe asthma than controls, as judged by more frequent use of oral corticosteroids. Cases tended to make more frequent use of oral xanthines and inhaled anticholinergics, but the proportion of patients using inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonists and inhaled corticosteroids was similar in both groups. Use of lower doses of inhaled corticosteroids was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation, while higher dosage was associated with␣decreased risk. Cases and controls differed as to their answers to a questionnaire concerning attitudes: cases expressed less interest in optimal usage of inhaled␣corticosteroids than controls; they also expressed more confidence in inhaled β2-agonists. When both risks were combined, overconfidence in β2-agonists and suboptimal use of inhaled steroids, the relationship with hospitalisation was significant (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.1; 26.1). Conclusion: The results suggest that patients' attitudes to inhaled corticosteroids and actual consumption of these medications are directly related to adverse outcome in asthma.
- 1-Solving Geometric Problems with the Rotating Calipers *

Shamos [1] recently showed that the diameter of a convex n-sided polygon could be computed in O(n) time using a very elegant and simple procedure which resembles rotating a set of calipers around the polygon once. In this paper we show that this simple idea can be generalized in two ways: several sets of calipers can be used simultaneously on one convex polygon, or one set of calipers can be used on several convex polygons simultaneously. We then show that these generalizations allow us to obtain simple O(n) algorithms for solving a variety of problems defined on convex polygons. Such problems include (1) finding the minimum-area rectangle enclosing a polygon, (2) computing the maximum distance between two polygons, (3) performing the vector-sum of two polygons, (4) merging polygons in a convex hull finding algorithms, and (5) finding the critical support lines between two polygons. Finding the critical support lines, in turn, leads to obtaining solutions to several additional problems concerned with visibility, collision, avoidance, range fitting, linear separability, and computing the Grenander distance between sets.
High Field fMRI Reveals Thalamocortical Integration of Segregated Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Mediodorsal and Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei

Thalamocortical loops, connecting functionally segregated, higher order cortical regions, and basal ganglia, have been proposed not only for well described motor and sensory regions, but also for limbic and prefrontal areas relevant for affective and cognitive processes. These functions are, however, more specific to humans, rendering most invasive neuroanatomical approaches impossible and interspecies translations difficult. In contrast, non-invasive imaging of functional neuroanatomy using fMRI allows for the development of elaborate task paradigms capable of testing the specific functionalities proposed for these circuits. Until recently, spatial resolution largely limited the anatomical definition of functional clusters at the level of distinct thalamic nuclei. Since their anatomical distinction seems crucial not only for the segregation of cognitive and limbic loops but also for the detection of their functional interaction during cognitive-emotional integration, we applied high resolution fMRI on 7 Tesla. Using an event-related design, we could isolate thalamic effects for preceding attention as well as experience of erotic stimuli. We could demonstrate specific thalamic effects of general emotional arousal in mediodorsal nucleus and effects specific to preceding attention and expectancy in intralaminar centromedian/parafascicular complex. These thalamic effects were paralleled by specific coactivations in the head of caudate nucleus as well as segregated portions of rostral or caudal cingulate cortex and anterior insula supporting distinct thalamo-striato-cortical loops. In addition to predescribed effects of sexual arousal in hypothalamus and ventral striatum, high resolution fMRI could extent this network to paraventricular thalamus encompassing laterodorsal and parataenial nuclei. We could lend evidence to segregated subcortical loops which integrate cognitive and emotional aspects of basic human behavior such as sexual processing.
Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE
To explore published and unpublished research into consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling which is culturally applicable in Europe.


DESIGN
A systematic review undertaken between July 2002 and February 2003.


RESULTS
One hundred and three papers were identified that reported on consumer understanding or use of nutrition labelling, most originating from North America or northern Europe. Only a few studies (9%) were judged to be of high or medium-high quality. We found that reported use of nutrition labels is high but more objective measures suggest that actual use of nutrition labelling during food purchase may be much lower. Whether or not consumers can understand and use nutrition labelling depends on the purpose of the task. Available evidence suggests that consumers who do look at nutrition labels can understand some of the terms used but are confused by other types of information. Most appear able to retrieve simple information and make simple calculations and comparisons between products using numerical information, but their ability to interpret the nutrition label accurately reduces as the complexity of the task increases. The addition of interpretational aids like verbal descriptors and recommended reference values helps in product comparison and in putting products into a total diet context.


CONCLUSIONS
Improvements in nutrition labelling could make a small but important contribution towards making the existing point-of-purchase environment more conducive to the selection of healthy choices. In particular, interpretational aids can help consumers assess the nutrient contribution of specific foods to the overall diet.