LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system in breast ultrasound according to the radiologist's experience.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for breast ultrasound to improve the characterization of breast lesions detected on ultrasound by junior and senior radiologists.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred sixty ultrasound breast lesions were randomly reviewed blindly by four radiologists with different levels of expertise (from 20 years [radiologist A] to 4 months [radiologist D]), with and without the help of an ultrasound CAD system (B-CAD version 2). All lesions had been biopsied. Sensitivity and specificity with and without CAD were calculated for each radiologist for the following evaluation criteria: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category and the final diagnosis (benign or malignant). Intrinsic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of CAD alone were also calculated.


RESULTS
CAD detected all cancers, and its use increased radiologists' sensitivity scores when this was possible (with vs without CAD: radiologist A, 99% vs 99%; radiologist B, 96% vs 87%; radiologist C, 95% vs 88%; radiologist D, 91% vs 88%). Seven additional cancers were diagnosed. However, the low specificity of CAD (48%) decreased the specificity of radiologists, especially of the more experienced among them (with vs without CAD: radiologist A, 46% vs 70%; radiologist B, 58% vs 80%; radiologist C, 57% vs 69%; radiologist D, 71% vs 71%).


CONCLUSIONS
CAD for breast ultrasound appears to be a useful tool for improving the diagnosis of malignant lesions for junior radiologists. Nevertheless, its low specificity must be taken into account to limit biopsies of benign lesions.
Validation of the revised injury severity classification score in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

INTRODUCTION
By analysing risk-adjusted mortality ratios, weaknesses in the process of care might be identified. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in trauma, and thus it is crucial that trauma prediction models are valid for TBI patients. Accordingly, we assessed the validity of the RISC score in TBI patients by internal and external validation analyses.


METHODS
Patients with moderate-to-severe TBI admitted to the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) and the trauma registry of Helsinki University Hospital (TR-THEL) in 2006-2011 were included in this retrospective open cohort study. Definition of moderate-to-severe TBI was head abbreviated injury scale of 3 or higher. Subgroup analysis for patients with isolated and polytrauma TBI was performed. The performance of the RISC score was evaluated by assessing its discrimination (area under the curve, AUC) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow [H-L] test).


RESULTS
Among the 9106 and 809 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI admitted to TR-DGU and TR-THEL, unadjusted mortality was 26% and 23%, respectively. Internal and external validation of the RISC score showed good discrimination (TR-DGU AUC 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-0.90 and TR-THEL AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.81-0.87), but poor calibration (p<0.001) in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Subgroup analysis found the discrimination only to be modest in isolated TBI (AUC 0.76) and calibration to be particularly poor in polytrauma TBI (TR-DGU H-L=4356, p<0.001; TR-THEL H-L 112, p<0.001).


CONCLUSION
The RISC score was found to be of limited predictive value in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. A new general trauma scoring system that includes TBI specific prognostic factors is warranted.
Survival Analysis, Long-Term Outcomes, and Percentage of Recovery up to 8 Years Post-Infection among the Houston West Nile Virus Cohort

In 2012, we witnessed a resurgence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States, with the largest outbreak of human cases reported since 2003. WNV is now endemic and will continue to produce epidemics over time, therefore defining the long-term consequences of WNV infection is critical. Over a period of eight years, we prospectively followed a cohort of 157 WNV-infected subjects in the Houston metropolitan area to observe recovery over time and define the long-term clinical outcomes. We used survival analysis techniques to determine percentage of recovery over time and the effects of demographic and co-morbid conditions on recovery. We found that 40% of study participants continued to experience symptoms related to their WNV infection up to 8 years later. Having a clinical presentation of encephalitis and being over age 50 were significantly associated with prolonged or poor recovery over time. Since the health and economic impact as a result of prolonged recovery, continued morbidity, and related disability is likely substantial in those infected with WNV, future research should be aimed at developing effective vaccines to prevent illness and novel therapeutics to minimize morbidity, mortality, and long-term complications from infection.
Epidemic processes in complex networks

Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano, 3 Piet Van Mieghem, and Alessandro Vespignani 6 Departament de F́ısica i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC-CNR), via dei Taurini 19, I-00185 Roma, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston MA 02115 USA Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, Turin 10133, Italy
Audiopad: A Tag-based Interface for Musical Performance

We present Audiopad, an interface for musical performance that aims to combine the modularity of knob based controllers with the expressive character of multidimensional tracking interfaces. The performer's manipulations of physical pucks on a tabletop control a real-time synthesis process. The pucks are embedded with LC tags that the system tracks in two dimensions with a series of specially shaped antennae. The system projects graphical information on and around the pucks to give the performer sophisticated control over the synthesis process. INTRODUCTION The late nineties saw the emergence of a new musical performance paradigm. Sitting behind the glowing LCDs on their laptops, electronic musicians could play their music in front of audiences without bringing a truckload of synthesizers and patch cables. However, the transition to laptop based performance created a rift between the performer and the audience as there was almost no stage presence for an onlooker to latch on to. Furthermore, the performers lost much of the real-time expressive power of traditional analog instruments. Their on-the-fly arrangements relied on inputs from their laptop keyboards and therefore lacked nuance, finesse, and improvisational capabilities.
What is evidence-based behavior analysis?

Although applied behavior analysts often say they engage in evidence-based practice, they express differing views on what constitutes "evidence" and "practice." This article describes a practice as a service offered by a provider to help solve a problem presented by a consumer. Solving most problems (e.g., increasing or decreasing a behavior and maintaining this change) requires multiple intervention procedures (i.e., a package). Single-subject studies are invaluable in investigating individual procedures, but researchers still need to integrate the procedures into a package. The package must be standardized enough for independent providers to replicate yet flexible enough to allow individualization; intervention manuals are the primary technology for achieving this balance. To test whether the package is effective in solving consumers' problems, researchers must evaluate outcomes of the package as a whole, usually in group studies such as randomized controlled trials. From this perspective, establishing an evidence-based practice involves more than analyzing the effects of discrete intervention procedures on behavior; it requires synthesizing information so as to offer thorough solutions to problems. Recognizing the need for synthesis offers behavior analysts many promising opportunities to build on their existing research to increase the quality and quantity of evidence-based practices.
Deposition velocities and washout ratios on a coastal site ( southeastern Spain ) calculated from 7 Be and 210 Pb measurements

The activity concentrations of Be and Pb were measured in Málaga, Southeastern Spain (3614304000N; 41280800W) in aerosols, precipitation and dry fallout continuously and systematically for 8 years. At the same sampling point, aerosols were collected weekly on filters and monthly precipitation sampling was carried out to study deposition. The air concentration of Be showed a seasonal increase during the spring and summer months while the air concentration of Pb was greater in summer. The concentration data of Be and Pb together with meteorological variables were used for a comprehensive analysis of variations. The specific activities of Be and Pb in bulk deposition samples showed a similar seasonal trend variation to that of the aerosols concentrations. Using the concentrations of Be and Pb in air and their depositional fluxes, the deposition velocities of aerosols and washout ratios were calculated. The mean deposition velocity of Be and Pb over the 8-year period is 0.4 and 1.5 cm s , respectively, and the corresponding washout ratios are 477 and 1908, respectively. The results showed a prevailing influence of amount of rainfall for deposition velocities and other factors such as TSP, the number of rainy days and the number of dry days for washout ratios. A comparison of our measurements and other data obtained at different locations in the world was also made. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cow's Milk Allergy.

INTRODUCTION
The diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a topic of debate because there are no specific symptoms and reliable diagnostic tests.


METHOD
Literature was searched using databases to find original papers and reviews on this topic.


RESULTS
A "challenge test" is still recommended as the most specific and sensitive diagnostic test, although a positive challenge test does not proof the involvement of the immune system. Only in the rare case of anaphylaxis, the challenge tests is not recommended. The Cow's Milk Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool for health care professionals to better recognize symptoms caused by the ingestion of cow's milk, but still needs validation. Today, the recommended diagnostic approach consists of an elimination diet with an extensive cow's milk based hydrolysate, followed by a challenge test. Amino acid based formula is reserved for the severe cases. Rice hydrolysates are gaining popularity, because they have been shown to be effective, have a better acceptability, and to be cheaper than the extensive cow's milk based hydrolysates. Soy infant formula may offer an additional alternative option as reviews concluded that about 10-15% of infants allergic to cow's milk will also react to soy. Gastro-intestinal microbiota manipulation may be of additional benefit in the treatment of CMA.


CONCLUSION
The development of rice hydrolysates challenge the use of Today, extensive cow's milk based extensive hydrolysates remain the first option for the majority of patients and amino acid formula for the most severe cases. Rice hydrolysates and soy infant formula are considered as second choice options.
Antifactor Xa activity in critically ill patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with standard dosages of certoparin: a prospective, clinical study

INTRODUCTION
Deep venous thrombosis with subsequent pulmonary embolism or post-thrombotic syndrome is a feared complication in the intensive care unit. Therefore, routine prophylactic anticoagulation is widely recommended. Aside from unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins, such as certoparin, have become increasingly used for prophylactic anticoagulation in critically ill patients. In this prospective study, we evaluated the potency of 3,000 IU certoparin administered once daily to reach antithrombotic antifactor Xa (aFXa) levels of 0.1 to 0.3 IU/ml in 62 critically ill patients.


METHODS
AFXa levels were determined 4, 12 and 24 h after injection of certoparin. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, platelet count, serum urea and creatinine concentrations were documented before and 12 and 24 h after injection of certoparin.


RESULTS
Four hours after certoparin injection (n = 32), 28% of patients were within the antithrombotic aFXa range. After 12 and 24 h, 6% achieved antithrombotic aFXa levels. Because of a severe pulmonary embolism in one study patient, an interim analysis was performed, and the dosage of certoparin was increased to 3,000 IU twice daily. This regime attained recommended antithrombotic aFXa levels in 47%, 27%, 40% and 30% of patients at 4, 12, 16 and 24 h, respectively, after twice daily certoparin injection (n = 30). Antithrombin and fibrinogen concentrations slightly increased during the observation period. Low antithrombin concentrations before certoparin were independently correlated with underdosing of certoparin. Patients with aFXa levels <0.1 IU/ml 4 h after certoparin injection required vasopressors more often and had lower serum concentrations of creatinine and urea than patients with antithrombotic aFXa levels.


CONCLUSION
Standard dosages of certoparin of 3,000 IU given once or twice daily are ineffective for attaining the recommended aFXa levels of 0.1 to 0.3 IU/ml in critically ill patients. Low antithrombin levels before certoparin administration were independently associated with low aFXa levels. Renal function and vasopressor therapy may further influence the effectiveness of certoparin in ensuring adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis.
An EOQ model with stock and price sensitive demand

Many business practices show that the presence of a larger quantity of goods displayed may attract more customers than that with a smaller quantity of goods. This phenomenon implies that the demand may have a positive correlative with stock level. Under such a circumstance, a firm should seriously consider its pricing and ordering strategy since the demand for their goods may be affected by their selling prices and inventory level. This paper aims to develop a continuous inventory model for finding the strategy for a firm that sells a seasonal item over a finite planning time. The purpose of this firm is to maximize its expected profit by determining the optimal ordering quantity and price setting/changing strategy. Some sufficient conditions are found for finding the optimal decision rules. c © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hybrid Approach for Emotion Classification of Audio Conversation Based on Text and Speech Mining

One of the greatest challenges in speech technology is estimating the speaker’s emotion. Most of the existing approaches concentrate either on audio or text features. In this work, we propose a novel approach for emotion classification of audio conversation based on both speech and text. The novelty in this approach is in the choice of features and the generation of a single feature vector for classification. Our main intention is to increase the accuracy of emotion classification of speech by considering both audio and text features. In this work we use standard methods such as Natural Language Processing, Support Vector Machines, WordNet Affect and SentiWordNet. The dataset for this work have been taken from Semval -2007 and eNTERFACE'05 EMOTION Database. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT 2014).
Robust cyclic berth planning of container vessels

We consider a container terminal operator who faces the problem of constructing a cyclic berth plan. Such a plan defines the arrival and departure times of each cyclically calling vessel on a terminal, taking into account the expected number of containers to be handled and the necessary quay and crane capacity to do so. Conventional berth planning methods ignore the fact that, in practice, container terminal operator and shipping line agree upon an arrival window rather than an arrival time: if a vessel arrives within that window then a certain vessel productivity and hence departure time is guaranteed. The contributions of this paper are twofold. We not only minimize the peak loading of quay cranes in a port, but also explicitly take into account the arrival window agreements between the terminal operator and shipping lines. We present a robust optimization model for cyclic berth planning. Computational results on a real-world scenario for a container terminal in Antwerp show that the robust M. Hendriks · E. Lefeber (B) · J. T. Udding Systems Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands e-mail: A.A.J.Lefeber@tue.nl M. Hendriks e-mail: M.P.M.Hendriks@tue.nl J. T. Udding e-mail: J.T.Udding@tue.nl M. Laumanns Institute for Operations Research, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland e-mail: Laumanns@ifor.math.ethz.ch J. T. Udding PSA HNN, Napelsstraat 79, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium e-mail: JanTijmen.Udding@psahnn.be
Nothing left ? How to keep on the right track: spatial and non-spatial attention processes in neglect after stroke

Asymmetry in performance and an association with non-lateralized attention are often mentioned as two important aspects of the clinical manifestation of visuospatial neglect. Both these aspects were investigated in 21 left (LH) and 24 right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients and in 20 healthy subjects. The letter and star cancellation subtests of the Behavioural Inattention Task (BIT) and a computerized visual reaction time task (CVRT) with stimuli presented either left, central or right in extrapersonal space were administered. In LH patients, the calculation of BIT asymmetry scores allowed a better distinction between patients with and without neglect than raw omission scores. However, in RH patients, raw and asymmetry scores led to similar classifications. In the CVRT, raw and asymmetry scores for the number of omissions also produced identical classifications. Thus, the computation of asymmetry scores for omissions did not substantially refine the diagnosis of neglect. On the other hand, more patients were classified as neglect patients by using CVRT reaction time (RT) asymmetry scores than by using BIT or CVRT omission scores. Ipsilesional RTs were chosen as a measure of general, non-lateralized attention. The ipsilesional RTs of the LH and RH patients did not differ from the healthy subjects’ lateral RTs. However, within the RH group, patients with both defective RT asymmetries and BIT scores above showed longer ipsilesional RTs than patients with defective RT asymmetries but normal BIT scores. This supports the idea of an interaction between lateralized and non-lateralized attentional components in neglect, in which the presence of general attentional deficits exacerbates the severity of neglect symptoms. RT tasks may contribute to the detection of asymmetries in visuospatial attention in patients with subclinical neglect symptoms, who might compensate for their lateralized deficit in paper-and-pencil tasks employing intact general attention.
Beyond the income inequality hypothesis and human health: a worldwide exploration.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze whether the relationship between income inequality and human health is mediated through social capital, and whether political regime determines differences in income inequality and social capital among countries.


METHODS
Path analysis of cross sectional ecological data from 110 countries. Life expectancy at birth was the outcome variable, and income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient), social capital (measured by the Corruption Perceptions Index or generalized trust), and political regime (measured by the Index of Freedom) were the predictor variables. Corruption Perceptions Index (an indirect indicator of social capital) was used to include more developing countries in the analysis. The correlation between Gini coefficient and predictor variables was calculated using Spearman's coefficients. The path analysis was designed to assess the effect of income inequality, social capital proxies and political regime on life expectancy.


RESULTS
The path coefficients suggest that income inequality has a greater direct effect on life expectancy at birth than through social capital. Political regime acts on life expectancy at birth through income inequality.


CONCLUSIONS
Income inequality and social capital have direct effects on life expectancy at birth. The "class/welfare regime model" can be useful for understanding social and health inequalities between countries, whereas the "income inequality hypothesis" which is only a partial approach is especially useful for analyzing differences within countries.
Use of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen for allogeneic transplantation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Summary:Reduced-intensity conditioning that harnesses the potential of a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect has been proposed as an alternative to conventional myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The primary aim is engraftment and this can be achieved with minimal immunosuppression. In this report, we describe the use of such regimens for CML in 17 patients who received human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling allografts. Conditioning was with fludarabine, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and busulfan for the first 11 patients, whereas fludarabine, busulfan and TBI were used for the remaining six patients. Engraftment was prompt in most of the cases. Complications and need for supportive therapy in the immediate post-transplant period were reduced drastically. Only two patients (both in the TBI group) died within the first 100 days. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade II–IV was seen in seven patients. Complications occurred later on. Chronic GVHD was observed in 11/17 patients. Lung infection and GVHD were the major killers. In surviving patients, after a median follow-up of 30 months (range 37–21 months), 6/17 (35.3%) are alive. Five are disease free and one patient is still in relapse even after a second donor lymphocyte infusion. Total treatment time and cost were more than with conventional transplants. We conclude that reduced-intensity transplantation still requires further refinement.