LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phase I, pharmacokinetic and biological correlative study of OSI-7904L, a novel liposomal thymidylate synthase inhibitor, and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the safety and describe the pharmacokinetic profile of OSI-7904L, a novel liposomal thymidylate synthase inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in adults with advanced solid tumors.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
CDDP was administered as a 2-h intravenous infusion followed by OSI-7904L intravenously over 30 min, both given every 3 weeks. Doses of each drug were escalated in separate cohorts of patients. Five dose levels of CDDP/OSI-7904L were explored: 60/6, 60/9, 60/12, 60/7.5, and 75/7.5 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic samples, baseline plasma homocysteine, and genotype polymorphisms were evaluated.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients were treated with 101 total courses of CDDP/OSI-7904L. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 2 patients in the CDDP/OSI-7904L 60/12 mg/m2 cohort. One patient experienced rash, stomatitis, dehydration, renal failure, hyperbilirubinemia, and fatal neutropenic sepsis, whereas the other patient experienced grade 3 nausea, vomiting, and ileus. Therefore, the CDDP/OSI-7904L 60/9 mg/m2 cohort was expanded, with 2 of 6 patients reporting significant fatigue. Other toxicities were mild or moderate. Intermediate dose levels of 60/7.5 and 75/7.5 mg/m2 were evaluated, and the latter was identified as the recommended dose for phase II studies. No major pharmacokinetic interactions between CDDP and OSI-7904L were observed. Three patients had partial responses (gastric adenocarcinoma and heavily pretreated breast cancer). There was no significant relationship between baseline homocysteine and toxicity.


CONCLUSIONS
The recommended doses for CDDP and OSI-7904L administered once every 3 weeks are 75 and 7.5 mg/m2, respectively. Pharmacokinetic interaction between the agents was not apparent. Preliminary clinical activity was observed in breast and gastric cancer.
A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
The 4Kscore combines measurement of four kallikreins in blood with clinical information as a measure of the probability of significant (Gleason ≥7) prostate cancer (PCa) before prostate biopsy.


OBJECTIVE
To perform the first prospective evaluation of the 4Kscore in predicting Gleason ≥7 PCa in the USA.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Prospective enrollment of 1012 men scheduled for prostate biopsy, regardless of prostate-specific antigen level or clinical findings, was conducted at 26 US urology centers between October 2013 and April 2014.


INTERVENTION
The 4Kscore.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The primary outcome was Gleason ≥7 PCa on prostate biopsy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, risk calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were determined, along with comparisons of probability cutoffs for reducing the number of biopsies and their impact on delaying diagnosis.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Gleason ≥7 PCa was found in 231 (23%) of the 1012 patients. The 4Kscore showed excellent calibration and demonstrated higher discrimination (AUC 0.82) and net benefit compared to a modified Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator 2.0 model and standard of care (biopsy for all men) according to DCA. A possible reduction of 30-58% in the number biopsies was identified with delayed diagnosis in only 1.3-4.7% of Gleason ≥7 PCa cases, depending on the threshold used for biopsy. Pathological assessment was performed according to the standard of care at each site without centralized review.


CONCLUSION
The 4Kscore showed excellent diagnostic performance in detecting significant PCa. It is a useful tool in selecting men who have significant disease and are most likely to benefit from a prostate biopsy from men with no cancer or indolent cancer.


PATIENT SUMMARY
The 4Kscore provides each patient with an accurate and personalized measure of the risk of Gleason ≥7 cancer to aid in decision-making regarding the need for prostate biopsy.
Educating African American men about the prostate cancer screening dilemma: a randomized intervention.

BACKGROUND
Until there is a definitive demonstration that early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer reduces disease-related mortality, it is imperative to promote informed screening decisions by providing balanced information about the potential benefits and risks of prostate cancer screening. Within a community/academic collaboration, we conducted a randomized trial of a printed booklet and a videotape that were designed for African American (AA) men. The purpose of the trial was to determine the effect of the interventions on knowledge, decisional conflict, satisfaction with the screening decision, and self-reported screening.


METHODS
Participants were 238 AA men, ages 40 to 70 years, who were members of the Prince Hall Masons in Washington, DC. Men were randomly assigned to the (a) video-based information study arm, (b) print-based information study arm, or (c) wait list control study arm. Intervention materials were mailed to men at home. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 1 month, and 12 months postintervention. Multivariate analyses, including ANCOVA and logistic regression, were used to analyze group differences.


RESULTS
The booklet and video resulted in a significant improvement in knowledge and a reduction in decisional conflict about prostate cancer screening, relative to the wait list control. Satisfaction with the screening decision was not affected by the interventions. Self-reported screening rates increased between the baseline and the 1-year assessment, although screening was not differentially associated with either of the interventions. In exploratory analyses, prostate-specific antigen testing at 1 year was more likely among previously screened men and was associated with having low baseline decisional conflict.


CONCLUSIONS
This study represents one of the first randomized intervention trials specifically designed to address AA men's informed decision making about prostate cancer screening. We have developed and evaluated culturally sensitive, balanced, and disseminable materials that improved knowledge and reduced decisional conflict about prostate cancer screening among AA men. Due to the high incidence and mortality rates among AA men, there is a need for targeted educational materials, particularly materials that are balanced in terms of the benefits and risks of screening.
The Role of Text Pre-processing in Sentiment Analysis

It is challenging to understand the latest trends and summarise the state or general opinions about products due to the big diversity and size of social media data, and this creates the need of automated and real time opinion extraction and mining. Mining online opinion is a form of sentiment analysis that is treated as a difficult text classification task. In this paper, we explore the role of text pre-processing in sentiment analysis, and report on experimental results that demonstrate that with appropriate feature selection and representation, sentiment analysis accuracies using support vector machines (SVM) in this area may be significantly improved. The level of accuracy achieved is shown to be comparable to the ones achieved in topic categorisation although sentiment analysis is considered to be a much harder problem in the literature. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the organizers of the 2013 International Conference on Computational Science
A randomised trial of supine versus prone breast radiotherapy (SuPr study): comparing set-up errors and respiratory motion.

PURPOSE
To test a prone position against the international-standard supine position in women undergoing whole-breast-radiotherapy (WBRT) after wide-local-excision (WLE) of early breast cancer (BC) in terms of feasibility, set-up errors, and respiratory motion.


METHODS
Following WLE of BC with insertion of tumour-bed clips, patients underwent 4D-CT for WBRT-planning in supine and prone positions (the latter using an in-house-designed platform). Patients were randomised to undergo WBRT fractions 1-7 in one position, switching to the alternate position for fractions 8-15 (40Gy/15-fractions total). Cone-beam CT-images (CBCT) were acquired prior to fractions 1, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 14. CBCT data were matched to planning-CT data using (i) chest-wall and (ii) clips. Systematic and random errors were calculated. Maximal displacement of chest-wall and clips with respiration was measured on 4D-CT. Clinical- to planning-target-volume (CTV-PTV) margins were calculated. Patient-comfort-scores and treatment-times were evaluated.


RESULTS
Twenty-five patients were randomized. 192/192 (100%) planned supine fractions and 173/192 (90%) prone fractions were completed. 3D population systematic errors were 1.3-1.9mm (supine) and 3.1-4.3mm (prone) (p=0.02) and random errors 2.6-3.2mm (supine) and 3.8-5.4mm (prone) (p=0.02). Prone positioning reduced chest-wall and clip motion (0.5±0.2mm (prone) versus 2.7±0.5mm (supine) (p<0.001)) with respiration. Calculated CTV-PTV margins were greater for prone (12-16mm) than for supine treatment (10mm). Patient-comfort-scores and treatment times were comparable (p=0.06).


CONCLUSIONS
Set-up errors were greater using our prone technique than for our standard supine technique, resulting in the need for larger CTV-PTV margins in the prone position. Further work is required to optimize the prone treatment-platform and technique before it can become a standard treatment option at our institution.
Public Key Compression and Modulus Switching for Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers

We describe a compression technique that reduces the public key size of van Dijk, Gentry, Halevi and Vaikuntanathan’s (DGHV) fully homomorphic scheme over the integers from Õ(λ) to Õ(λ). Our variant remains semantically secure, but in the random oracle model. We obtain an implementation of the full scheme with a 10.1 MB public key instead of 802 MB using similar parameters as in [7]. Additionally we show how to extend the quadratic encryption technique of [7] to higher degrees, to obtain a shorter public-key for the basic scheme. This paper also describes a new modulus switching technique for the DGHV scheme that enables to use the new FHE framework without bootstrapping from Brakerski, Gentry and Vaikuntanathan with the DGHV scheme. Finally we describe an improved attack against the Approximate GCD Problem on which the DGHV scheme is based, with complexity Õ(2) instead of Õ(2).
Perioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea: a survey of Puerto Rico anesthesia providers

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence has been increasing in the past years adding significant morbidity. Perioperative management is controversial and few studies have addressed this matter. The American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) have developed clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with OSA. Existing evidence suggest an increase in early postoperative complications in patients with OSA. Nevertheless, data about perioperative management of OSA is limited. To our knowledge, only two studies that address this matter, none in Puerto Rico.MethodsA questionnaire was given to participants at the annual meeting of anesthesiology in Puerto Rico. The document was then anonymously deposited into sealed box.ResultsThe response rate was 80 %. The awareness about written postoperative policy in patients with diagnosed (23 %) and suspected (11 %) OSA was low. If a written policy were available, 46 % of patients would have gone to ICU. The most important factor for final disposition was the degree of OSA, which was decided by surgery and anesthesia (69 %). In the last year, at least one complication related to OSA was observed in 20 % of respondents. The most common preoperative screening tool was the ASA guidelines. Seventy-two percent of respondents suggested a lack of institutional policies as the main reason for disparity.ConclusionThere is a significant heterogeneity in the current clinical practice. The main barriers identified to achieve current recommendations were lack of institutional policies, awareness of current guideline, formal training in management of OSA, and access to a sleep specialist.
Unique challenges of hospice for patients with heart failure: A qualitative study of hospice clinicians.

BACKGROUND
Patients with heart failure have end-of-life care needs that may benefit from hospice care. The goal of this descriptive study was to understand hospice clinicians' perspectives on the unique aspects of caring for patients with heart failure to inform approaches to improving end-of-life care.


METHODS
This qualitative study explored experiences, observations, and perspectives of hospice clinicians regarding hospice care for patients with heart failure. Thirteen hospice clinicians from a variety of professional disciplines and clinical roles, diverse geographic regions, and varying lengths of time working in hospice participated in semistructured interviews. Through team-based, iterative qualitative analysis, we identified 3 major themes.


RESULTS
Hospice clinicians identified 3 themes regarding care for patients with heart failure. First, care for patients with heart failure involves clinical complexity and a tailored approach to cardiac medications and advanced cardiac technologies. Second, hospice clinicians describe the difficulty patients with heart failure have in trusting hospice care due to patient optimism, prognostic uncertainty, and reliance on prehospice health care providers. Third, hospice clinicians described opportunities to improve heart failure-specific hospice care, highlighting the desire for collaboration with referring cardiologists.


CONCLUSIONS
From a hospice clinician perspective, caring for patients with heart failure is unique compared with other hospice populations. This study suggests potential opportunities for hospice clinicians and referring providers who seek to collaborate to improve care for patients with heart failure during the transition to hospice care.
Carbon redistribution and precipitation in high temperature ion-implanted strained Si/SiGe/Si multi-layered structures

Abstract We report on the segregation of carbon atoms and structural transformations in strained multilayered Si/SiGe/Si structures after molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth, carbon ion implantation and thermal treatment at different conditions. The idea behind this study was that due to their specific strain distribution, pseudomorphic layers of Si/SiGe promote spatial separation of vacancies and interstitials followed by segregation of foreign dopant atoms. High temperature ion implantation was used for injection of carbon atoms as well as point defects in the strained layers. The defects were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dopant depth profiles by secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS), and optical properties by Raman scattering measurements. Based on SIMS data we demonstrate anomalous redistribution of the implanted carbon atoms around the strained SiGe/Si layers which results in their accumulation on the Si side and depletion on the SiGe side of the structure. The TEM study demonstrates formation of plate-like defects, stacking faults and thin carbon-precipitated flakes distributed along the Si/SiGe interfaces. Raman spectra reveal peaks at 1600 and 2700 cm −1 which might be associated with carbon-related phases. The concept of strain-enhanced separation of point defects and dopant precipitation is discussed.
Feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise to assess and influence aerobic capacity early after stroke: a proof-of-concept study.

PURPOSE
The majority of post-stroke individuals suffer from low exercise capacity as a secondary reaction to immobility. The aim of this study was to prove the concept of feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (RATE) to assess aerobic capacity and guide cardiovascular exercise in severely impaired individuals early after stroke.


METHOD
Subjects underwent constant load and incremental exercise testing using a human-in-the-loop feedback system within a robotics-assisted exoskeleton (Lokomat, Hocoma AG, CH). Inclusion criteria were: stroke onset ≤8 weeks, stable medical condition, non-ambulatory status, moderate motor control of the lower limbs and appropriate cognitive function. Outcome measures included oxygen uptake kinetics, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), gas exchange threshold (GET), peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak work rate (Ppeak) and accuracy of reaching target work rate (P-RMSE).


RESULTS
Three subjects (18-42 d post-stroke) were included. Oxygen uptake kinetics during constant load ranged from 42.0 to 60.2 s. Incremental exercise testing showed: VO2peak range 19.7-28.8 ml/min/kg, GET range 11.6-12.7 ml/min/kg, and HRpeak range 115-161 bpm. Ppeak range was 55.2-110.9 W and P-RMSE range was 3.8-7.5 W.


CONCLUSIONS
The concept of feedback-controlled RATE for assessment of aerobic capacity and guidance of cardiovascular exercise is feasible. Further research is warranted to validate the method on a larger scale.


IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
Aerobic capacity is seriously reduced in post-stroke individuals as a secondary reaction to immobility. Robotics-assisted walking devices may have substantial clinical relevance regarding assessment and improvement of aerobic capacity early after stroke. Feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise represents a new concept for cardiovascular assessment and intervention protocols for severely impaired individuals.
Religion in sociological perspective

PART ONE Introduction to the Sociology of Religion Chapter 1. What Do We Mean by the Term Religion? Chapter 2. A Scientific Perspective on Religion PART TWO The Complexity of Religious Systems: Integration and Conflict Chapter 3. The Role of Religion in Society: Macro Perspectives Chapter 4. Religious Experience, Symbol Systems, and World Views PART THREE Religion in the Lives of Individuals Chapter 5. Becoming and Being Religious Chapter 6. Conversion and Switching PART FOUR Formation and Maintenance of Religious Organizations Chapter 7. Organized Religion: Churches, Sects, and "Cults" Chapter 8. The Denominational Society PART FIVE Religion and Social Inequality Chapter 10. Religion and Racism Chapter 11. Religion, Gender, and Sexuality Chapter 12. Religion, Inequality, and Social Activism PART SIX Social Change and Religious Adaptation Chapter 13. Secularization: Religion in Decline or in Transformation? Chapter 14. Religion Outside the (God) Box Chapter 15. Religion and Globalization EPILOGUE The Sociological Perspective on Religion: A Concluding Comment
Prediction of DoS attacks in external communication for self-driving vehicles using a fuzzy petri net model

In this paper we propose a security system to protect external communications for self-driving and semi self-driving cars. The proposed system can detect malicious vehicles in an urban mobility scenario. The anomaly detection system is based on fuzzy petri nets (FPN) to detect packet dropping attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks. The experimental results show the proposed FPN-IDS can successfully detect DoS attacks in external communication of self-driving vehicles.
Effects of Age and Illumination on Night Driving: A Road Test

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effects of drivers' age and low light on speed, lane keeping, and visual recognition of typical roadway stimuli.


BACKGROUND
Poor visibility, which is exacerbated by age-related changes in vision, is a leading contributor to fatal nighttime crashes. There is little evidence, however, concerning the extent to which drivers recognize and compensate for their visual limitations at night.


METHOD
Young, middle-aged, and elder participants drove on a closed road course in day and night conditions at a "comfortable" speed without speedometer information. During night tests, headlight intensity was varied over a range of 1.5 log units using neutral density filters.


RESULTS
Average speed and recognition of road signs decreased significantly as functions of increased age and reduced illumination. Recognition of pedestrians at night was significantly enhanced by retroreflective markings of limb joints as compared with markings of the torso, and this benefit was greater for middle-aged and elder drivers. Lane keeping showed nonlinear effects of lighting, which interacted with task conditions and drivers' lateral bias, indicating that older drivers drove more cautiously in low light.


CONCLUSION
Consistent with the hypothesis that drivers misjudge their visual abilities at night, participants of all age groups failed to compensate fully for diminished visual recognition abilities in low light, although older drivers behaved more cautiously than the younger groups.


APPLICATION
These findings highlight the importance of educating all road users about the limitations of night vision and provide new evidence that retroreflective markings of the limbs can be of great benefit to pedestrians' safety at night.
A Fast High Precision Algorithm for the Estimation of Skew Angle Using Moments

An efficient, high precision algorithm is proposed for the correction of the skew angle of scanned document images used in OCR (Optical Character Recognition). The algorithm employs moments to find the primary axis of every object in the document rather than the Hough transform and handles arbitrary angles. The object can be a halftone image or a line of text. Lines are described using the Freeman's chain code. A simple technique used to find the primary axis of each object from the chain code. Using a feature that depends on the size of the object, the weighted average angle is estimated. The accuracy is better than 0.02 degrees and the speed is high. The image is rotated in the opposite direction to get a skew corrected image.
Adaptive Content Delivery in Ubiquitous Learning Environment

Empowered by mobile computing, teachers and students can benefit from computing in more scenarios beyond the traditional computer classroom. But because of the much diversity of device specification, learning contents, and mobile context existing today, the learners get a bad learning experience (e. g. rich contents can not be displayed correctly) during u-Learning environment. This paper proposes an adaptive contents delivery system for u-Learning environment, which creates the adaptive contents for learners according to learner’s interest and learning contexts. The evaluation on a mobile virtual community system shows that the learners may not only study in rich media on mobile device at any time & place, also get a better learning experience, e. g. learners may get instant help from other participates by ubiquitous device .
A New Development on ANN in China - Biomimetic Pattern Recognition and Multi Weight Vector Neurons

A new model of pattern recognition principles—Biomimetic Pattern Recognition, which is based on “matter cognition” instead of “matter classification”, has been proposed. As a important means realizing Biomimetic Pattern Recognition, the mathematical model and analyzing method of ANN get breakthrough: a novel all-purpose mathematical model has been advanced, which can simulate all kinds of neuron architecture, including RBF and BP models. As the same time this model has been realized using hardware; the high-dimension space geometry method, a new means to analyzing ANN, has been researched.