LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Arp2/3 Complex and Actin Depolymerizing Factor/Cofilin in Dendritic  Organization and Treadmilling of Actin Filament Array in Lamellipodia 

The leading edge (approximately 1 microgram) of lamellipodia in Xenopus laevis keratocytes and fibroblasts was shown to have an extensively branched organization of actin filaments, which we term the dendritic brush. Pointed ends of individual filaments were located at Y-junctions, where the Arp2/3 complex was also localized, suggesting a role of the Arp2/3 complex in branch formation. Differential depolymerization experiments suggested that the Arp2/3 complex also provided protection of pointed ends from depolymerization. Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin was excluded from the distal 0.4 micrometer++ of the lamellipodial network of keratocytes and in fibroblasts it was located within the depolymerization-resistant zone. These results suggest that ADF/cofilin, per se, is not sufficient for actin brush depolymerization and a regulatory step is required. Our evidence supports a dendritic nucleation model (Mullins, R.D., J.A. Heuser, and T.D. Pollard. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:6181-6186) for lamellipodial protrusion, which involves treadmilling of a branched actin array instead of treadmilling of individual filaments. In this model, Arp2/3 complex and ADF/cofilin have antagonistic activities. Arp2/3 complex is responsible for integration of nascent actin filaments into the actin network at the cell front and stabilizing pointed ends from depolymerization, while ADF/cofilin promotes filament disassembly at the rear of the brush, presumably by pointed end depolymerization after dissociation of the Arp2/3 complex.
Development of Academic Skills from Preschool through Second Grade: Family and Classroom Predictors of Developmental Trajectories.

Children’s experiences with their parents and teachers were related to the acquisition of academic skills from preschool through second grade. Individual and group growth curves were estimated, and individual patterns of change were predicted from selected demographic, family, and classroom characteristics to identify multiple pathways to early academic competence. Standardized assessments of language and academic skills and parent and teacher surveys were collected on 511 children beginning in the second-to-last year of child care through the third year of elementary school. As expected, children tended to show better academic skills across time if their parents had more education and reported more progressive parenting beliefs and practices. Statistical interactions between family background and teacher–child relationships indicated that a closer relationship with the teacher was positively related to language skills for African-American children and to reading competence for children whose parents reported more authoritarian attitudes. These results provide further evidence that social processes in classrooms are important for academic competence for children considered at risk for academic problems. D 2002 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Implementation of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD in routine clinical care: Effectiveness and moderators of outcome in a consecutive sample☆

OBJECTIVE
Trauma-focused psychological treatments are recommended as first-line treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but clinicians may be concerned that the good outcomes observed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not generalize to the wide range of traumas and presentations seen in clinical practice. This study investigated whether Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) can be effectively implemented into a UK National Health Service Outpatient Clinic serving a defined ethnically mixed urban catchment area.


METHOD
A consecutive sample of 330 patients with PTSD (age 17-83) following a wide range of traumas were treated by 34 therapists, who received training and supervision in CT-PTSD. Pre and post treatment data (PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression) were collected for all patients, including dropouts. Hierarchical linear modeling investigated candidate moderators of outcome and therapist effects.


RESULTS
CT-PTSD was well tolerated and led to very large improvement in PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety. The majority of patients showed reliable improvement/clinically significant change: intent-to-treat: 78.8%/57.3%; completer: 84.5%/65.1%. Dropouts and unreliable attenders had worse outcome. Statistically reliable symptom exacerbation with treatment was observed in only 1.2% of patients. Treatment gains were maintained during follow-up (M=280 days, n=220). Few of the selection criteria used in some RCTs, demographic, diagnostic and trauma characteristics moderated treatment outcome, and only social problems and needing treatment for multiple traumas showed unique moderation effects. There were no random effects of therapist on symptom improvement, but therapists who were inexperienced in CT-PTSD had more dropouts than those with greater experience.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the effectiveness of CT-PTSD and suggest that trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy can be successfully implemented in routine clinical services treating patients with a wide range of traumas.
Prevalence and outcomes of breast milk expressing in women with healthy term infants: a systematic review

BACKGROUND
Expressing breast milk has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in some developed countries. Concurrently, breast pumps have evolved to be more sophisticated and aesthetically appealing, adapted for domestic use, and have become more readily available. In the past, expressed breast milk feeding was predominantly for those infants who were premature, small or unwell; however it has become increasingly common for healthy term infants. The aim of this paper is to systematically explore the literature related to breast milk expressing by women who have healthy term infants, including the prevalence of breast milk expressing, reported reasons for, methods of, and outcomes related to, expressing.


METHODS
Databases (Medline, CINAHL, JSTOR, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, PubMed and the Cochrane library) were searched using the keywords milk expression, breast milk expression, breast milk pumping, prevalence, outcomes, statistics and data, with no limit on year of publication. Reference lists of identified papers were also examined. A hand-search was conducted at the Australian Breastfeeding Association Lactation Resource Centre. Only English language papers were included. All papers about expressing breast milk for healthy term infants were considered for inclusion, with a focus on the prevalence, methods, reasons for and outcomes of breast milk expression.


RESULTS
A total of twenty two papers were relevant to breast milk expression, but only seven papers reported the prevalence and/or outcomes of expressing amongst mothers of well term infants; all of the identified papers were published between 1999 and 2012. Many were descriptive rather than analytical and some were commentaries which included calls for more research, more dialogue and clearer definitions of breastfeeding. While some studies found an association between expressing and the success and duration of breastfeeding, others found the opposite. In some cases these inconsistencies were compounded by imprecise definitions of breastfeeding and breast milk feeding.


CONCLUSIONS
There is limited evidence about the prevalence and outcomes of expressing breast milk amongst mothers of healthy term infants. The practice of expressing breast milk has increased along with the commercial availability of a range of infant feeding equipment. The reasons for expressing have become more complex while the outcomes, when they have been examined, are contradictory.
Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blinded, controlled, crossover study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
to determine the efficacy of fish-oil dietary supplements in active rheumatoid arthritis and their effect on neutrophil leukotriene levels.


DESIGN
nonrandomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 14-week treatment periods and 4-week washout periods.


SETTING
academic medical center, referral-based rheumatology clinic.


PATIENTS
forty volunteers with active, definite, or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Five patients dropped out, and two were removed for noncompliance.


INTERVENTIONS
treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, slow-acting antirheumatic drugs, and prednisone was continued. Twenty-one patients began with a daily dosage of 2.7 g of eicosapaentanic acid and 1.8 g of docosahexenoic acid given in 15 MAX-EPA capsules (R.P. Scherer, Clearwater, Florida), and 19 began with identical-appearing placebos. The background diet was unchanged.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
the following results favored fish oil placebo after 14 weeks: mean time to onset of fatigue improved by 156 minutes (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 311.0 minutes), and number of tender joints decreased by 3.5 (95% Cl, -6.0 to -1.0). Other clinical measures favored fish oil as well but did reach statistical significance. Neutrophil leukotriene B4 production was correlated with the decrease in number of tender joints (Spearman rank correlation r=0.53; p less than 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in hemoglobin level, sedimentation rate, or presence of rheumatoid factor or in patient-reported adverse effects. An effect from the fish oil persisted beyond the 4-week washout period.


CONCLUSIONS
fish-oil ingestion results in subjective alleviation of active rheumatoid arthritis and reduction in neutrophil leukotriene B4 production. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of action and optimal dose and duration of fish-oil supplementation.
A Dynamic Model of the Limit Order Book

I propose a continuous-time model of price formation in a market where trading is conducted according to a limit-order book. Strategic liquidity traders arrive randomly in the market and dynamically choose between limit and market orders, trading off execution price with waiting costs. I prove the existence of a Markov equilibrium in which the bid and ask prices depend only on the numbers of buy and sell orders in the book, and which can be characterized in closed-form in several cases of interest. My model generates empirically verified implications for the shape of the limit-order book and the dynamics of prices and trades. In particular, I show that buy and sell orders can cluster away from the bid-ask spread, thus generating a hump-shaped limit-order book. Also, following a market buy order, both the ask and bid prices increase, with the ask increasing more than the bid—hence the spread widens. JEL Classification: C7, D4, G1.
A Brief Introduction to Krylov Space Methods for Solving Linear Systems

With respect to the " influence on the development and practice of science and engineering in the 20th century " , Krylov space methods are considered as one of the ten most important classes of numerical methods [1]. Large sparse linear systems of equations or large sparse matrix eigenvalue problems appear in most applications of scientific computing. Sparsity means that most elements of the matrix involved are zero. In particular, discretization of PDEs with the finite element method (FEM) or with the finite difference method (FDM) leads to such problems. In case the original problem is nonlinear, linearization by Newton's method or a Newton-type method leads again to a linear problem. We will treat here systems of equations only, but many of the numerical methods for large eigenvalue problems are based on similar ideas as the related solvers for equations. Sparse linear systems of equations can be solved by either so-called sparse direct solvers, which are clever variations of Gauss elimination, or by iterative methods. In the last thirty years, sparse direct solvers have been tuned to perfection: on the one hand by finding strategies for permuting equations and unknowns to guarantee a stable LU decomposition and small fill-in in the triangular factors, and on the other hand by organizing the computation so that optimal use is made of the hardware, which nowadays often consists of parallel computers whose architecture favors block operations with data that are locally stored or cached. The iterative methods that are today applied for solving large-scale linear systems are mostly preconditioned Krylov (sub)space solvers. Classical methods that do not belong to this class, like the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method, are no longer competitive. However, some of the classical matrix splittings, e.g. the one of SSOR (the symmetric version of SOR), are still used for preconditioning. Multigrid is in theory a very effective iterative method, but normally it is now applied as an inner iteration with a Krylov space solver as outer iteration; then, it can also be considered as a preconditioner. In the past, Krylov space solvers were referred to also by other names such as semi-iterative methods and polynomial acceleration methods. Some
No increased risk of venous thrombosis in women taking tranexamic acid.

Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 918. 4. Oger E, Scarabin PY. Assessment of the risk for venous thromboembolism among users of hormone replacement therapy. Drugs Aging 1999; 14: 55-61. 5. Hulley S, Crady C, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, Vittinghoff E for the heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998; 280: 605-13. 6. Scarabin PY, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Taisne P, Agher R, Aiach M. Effects of oral and transdermal Estrogen/Progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 3071-8. 7. Van Baal MW, Emeis JJ, van der Mooren MJ, Kessel H, Kenemans P, Stehouwer CDA. Impaired procoagulant-anticoagulant balance during hormone replacement therapy? A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-week study. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 29-34. 8. Caine YG, Bauer KA, Barzegar S, ten Cate H, Sacks FM, Walsh BW, Schiff I, Rosenberg RD. Coagulation activation following estrogen administration to postmenopausal women. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 392-5. 9. The Writing group for the clotting factors study. Effects on haemostasis of hormone replacement therapy with transdermal estradiol and oral sequential medroxyprogesterone acetate: a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 476-80.
Brain-computer interface-based robotic end effector system for wrist and hand rehabilitation: results of a three-armed randomized controlled trial for chronic stroke

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Electroencephalography (EEG)-based Motor Imagery (MI) Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) coupled with a Haptic Knob (HK) robot for arm rehabilitation in stroke patients. In this three-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial; 21 chronic hemiplegic stroke patients (Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMMA) score 10-50), recruited after pre-screening for MI BCI ability, were randomly allocated to BCI-HK, HK or Standard Arm Therapy (SAT) groups. All groups received 18 sessions of intervention over 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 90 min per session. The BCI-HK group received 1 h of BCI coupled with HK intervention, and the HK group received 1 h of HK intervention per session. Both BCI-HK and HK groups received 120 trials of robot-assisted hand grasping and knob manipulation followed by 30 min of therapist-assisted arm mobilization. The SAT group received 1.5 h of therapist-assisted arm mobilization and forearm pronation-supination movements incorporating wrist control and grasp-release functions. In all, 14 males, 7 females, mean age 54.2 years, mean stroke duration 385.1 days, with baseline FMMA score 27.0 were recruited. The primary outcome measure was upper extremity FMMA scores measured mid-intervention at week 3, end-intervention at week 6, and follow-up at weeks 12 and 24. Seven, 8 and 7 subjects underwent BCI-HK, HK and SAT interventions respectively. FMMA score improved in all groups, but no intergroup differences were found at any time points. Significantly larger motor gains were observed in the BCI-HK group compared to the SAT group at weeks 3, 12, and 24, but motor gains in the HK group did not differ from the SAT group at any time point. In conclusion, BCI-HK is effective, safe, and may have the potential for enhancing motor recovery in chronic stroke when combined with therapist-assisted arm mobilization.
A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of beta(1)-receptor blockade for chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term β(1)-aderergic receptor (AR) blockade on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function in patients with chronic, isolated, degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR).


BACKGROUND
Isolated MR currently has no proven therapy that attenuates LV remodeling or preserves systolic function.


METHODS
Thirty-eight asymptomatic subjects with moderate to severe, isolated MR were randomized either to placebo or β(1)-AR blockade (Toprol-XL, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom) for 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging and 3-dimensional analysis was performed at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 2 years. Rate of progression analysis was performed for endpoint variables for primary outcomes: LV end-diastolic volume/body surface area, LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic (ED) mass/ED volume ratio, LV ED 3-dimensional radius/wall thickness; LV end-systolic volume/body surface area, LV longitudinal strain rate, and LV early diastolic filling rate.


RESULTS
Baseline LV magnetic resonance imaging or demographic variables did not differ between the 2 groups. Significant treatment effects were found on LV ejection fraction (p = 0.006) and LV early diastolic filling rate (p = 0.001), which decreased over time in untreated patients on an intention-to-treat analysis and remained significant after sensitivity analysis. There were no significant treatment effects found on LV ED or LV end-systolic volumes, LV ED mass/LV ED volume or LV ED 3-dimensional radius/wall thickness, or LV longitudinal strain rate. Over 2 years, 6 patients treated in the placebo group and 2 patients in the β(1)-AR blockade group required mitral valve surgery (p = 0.23).


CONCLUSIONS
β(1)-AR blockade improves LV function over a 2-year follow-up in isolated MR and provides the impetus for a large-scale clinical trial with clinical outcomes. (Molecular Mechanisms of Volume Overload-Aim 1 [SCCOR in Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease]; NCT01052428).
Characterization of ischemic index using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in patients with focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE
To explore the association of angiographic nonperfusion in focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).


DESIGN
A retrospective, observational case series of patients with the diagnosis of recalcitrant DME for at least 2 years placed into 1 of 4 cohorts based on the degree of DR.


METHODS
A total of 148 eyes of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria at 1 academic institution. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (FA) images and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) images were obtained on all patients. Ultra-widefield FA images were graded for quantity of nonperfusion, which was used to calculate ischemic index. Main outcome measures were mean ischemic index, mean change in central macular thickness (CMT), and mean number of macular photocoagulation treatments over the 2-year study period.


RESULTS
The mean ischemic index was 47% (SD 25%; range 0%-99%). The mean ischemic index of eyes within Cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0%, 34% (range 16%-51%), 53% (range 32%-89%), and 65% (range 47%-99%), respectively. The mean percentage decrease in CMT in Cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 25.2%, 19.1%, 11.6%, and 7.2%, respectively. The mean number of macular photocoagulation treatments in Cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 2.3, 4.8, 5.3, and 5.7, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Eyes with larger areas of retinal nonperfusion and greater severity of DR were found to have the most recalcitrant DME, as evidenced by a greater number of macular photocoagulation treatments and less reduction in SD OCT CMT compared with eyes without retinal nonperfusion. Areas of untreated retinal nonperfusion may generate biochemical mediators that promote ischemia and recalcitrant DME.
QSAR modeling of the antimicrobial activity of peptides as a mathematical function of a sequence of amino acids

Antimicrobial peptides have emerged as new therapeutic agents for fighting multi-drug-resistant bacteria. However, the process of optimizing peptide antimicrobial activity and specificity using large peptide libraries is both tedious and expensive. Therefore, computational techniques had to be applied for process optimization. In this work, the representation of the molecular structure of peptides (mastoparan analogs) by a sequence of amino acids has been used to establish quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for their antibacterial activity. The data for the studied peptides were split three times into the training, calibration and test sets. The Monte Carlo method was used as a computational technique for QSAR models calculation. The statistical quality of QSAR for the antibacterial activity of peptides for the external validation set was: n=7, r(2)=0.8067, s=0.248 (split 1); n=6, r(2)=0.8319, s=0.169 (split 2); and n=6, r(2)=0.6996, s=0.297 (split 3). The stated statistical parameters favor the presented QSAR models in comparison to 2D and 3D descriptor based ones. The Monte Carlo method gave a reasonably good prediction for the antibacterial activity of peptides. The statistical quality of the prediction is different for three random splits. However, the predictive potential is reasonably well for all cases. The presented QSAR modeling approach can be an attractive alternative of 3D QSAR at least for the described peptides.