LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Work in progress - ‘Real World Problems’ as assessment of software engineering

This project evaluated the effectiveness of using certification-like real-world problems for regular assessment of student performance in a software engineering content course. The approach utilized the Turning Pointtrade personal response system as a means to present "Real World" software engineering problems and anonymously assess student learning. The preliminary results indicated that the method was not useful for assessment, but may have promise for stimulating discussion and student learning.
Short- and long-term prognosis among veterans with neurological disorders and subsequent lower-extremity amputation.

BACKGROUND
Although comorbid neurological conditions are not uncommon for individuals undergoing lower-extremity (LE) amputation, short- and long-term prognosis is unclear.


METHODS
This cohort study on the survival of United States veterans with LE amputations examined the association between different preexisting neurological conditions and short- and long-term (in-hospital and within 1-year of surgical amputation) mortality. Chi(2) and t test statistics compared baseline characteristics for patients with and without neurological disorders. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine short- and long-term survival and identify predictors limited to the subset of those with neurological conditions adjusting for age, amputation level and etiology, and co-morbidities.


RESULTS
Of 4,720 patients, 43.3% had neurological disorders documented. Most prevalent were stroke or hemiparesis (18.3%) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders (20.3%). Among patients with neurological conditions, those with a PNS disorder or spinal cord injury (or paralysis) were significantly less likely to die in hospital and within 1 year (p < 0.05) when compared to the other types of neurological condition groups including stroke (or hemiparesis), cerebral degenerative diseases, movement disorders and autonomic disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of preexisting neurological disorders among LE amputees and the varying effect of different conditions on risk of mortality highlights the need to further characterize the diverseness of this understudied subpopulation. While preexisting spinal cord injury and PNS disorders appear to carry a decreased risk among amputees, those with central nervous system disorders have comparatively greater mortalities.
Working with structuralism : essays and reviews on nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature

`This is a sane, highly intelligent, lucidly-written book, and one which everyone concerned with literature must read at least once.' - "Daily Telegraph".
Why don't families initiate treatment? A qualitative multicentre study investigating parents' reasons for declining paediatric weight management.

BACKGROUND
Many families referred to specialized health services for managing paediatric obesity do not initiate treatment; however, reasons for noninitiation are poorly understood.


OBJECTIVE
To understand parents' reasons for declining tertiary-level health services for paediatric weight management.


METHOD
Interviews were conducted with 18 parents of children (10 to 17 years of age; body mass index ≥85th percentile) who were referred for weight management, but did not initiate treatment at one of three Canadian multidisciplinary weight management clinics. A semi-structured interview guide was used to elicit parents' responses about reasons for noninitiation. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed using NVivo 9 (QSR International, Australia) and analyzed thematically.


RESULTS
Most parents (mean age 44.1 years; range 34 to 55 years) were female (n=16 [89%]), obese (n=12 [66%]) and had a university degree (n=13 [71%]). Parents' reasons for not initiating health services were grouped into five themes: no perceived need for paediatric weight management (eg, perceived children did not have a weight or health problem); no perceived need for further actions (eg, perceived children already had a healthy lifestyle); no intention to initiate recommended care (eg, perceived clinical program was not efficacious); participation barriers (eg, children's lack of motivation); and situational factors (eg, weather).


CONCLUSION
Physicians should not only discuss the need for and value of specialized care for managing paediatric obesity, but also explore parents' intention to initiate treatment and address reasons for noninitiation that are within their control.
Population-based prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus among women in Santiago, Chile.

UNLABELLED
More than 18 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with cervical cancer, the relative importance of the HPV types may vary in different populations.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the types of HPV, age distribution, and risk factors for HPV infection in women from Santiago, Chile.


METHODS
We interviewed and obtained two cervical specimens from a population-based random sample of 1,038 sexually active women (age range, 15-69 years). Specimens were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using a GP5+/6+ primer-mediated PCR and for cervical cytologic abnormalities by Papanicolaou smears.


RESULTS
122 women tested positive for HPV DNA, 87 with high risk types (HR), and 35 with low risks (LR) only. Standardized prevalence of HPV DNA was 14.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 11.5-16.4]. HR HPV by age showed a J reverse curve, whereas LR HPV showed a U curve, both statistically significant in comparison with no effect or with a linear effect. We found 34 HPV types (13 HR and 21 LR); HPV 16, 56, 31, 58, 59, 18, and 52 accounted for 75.4% of HR infections. Thirty-four (3.6%) women had cytologic lesions. Main risk factor for HPV and for cytologic abnormalities was number of lifetime sexual partners, odds ratios for > or =3 versus 1 were 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6-5.0) and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-11.4), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
LR HPV presented a clear bimodal age pattern; HR HPV presented a J reverse curve. HPV prevalence was similar to that described in most Latin American countries.
Construction of Abstract State Graphs with PVS

In this paper, we propose a method for the automat ic construction of an abstract s tate graph of an arbi t rary system using the Pvs theorem prover. Given a parallel composition of sequential processes and a par t i t ion of the s ta te space induced by predicates ~ i , ..., ~ on the program variables which defines an abstract s tate space, we construct an abstract s tate graph, start ing in the abstract initial state. The possible successors of a s tate are computed using the Pvs theorem prover by verifying for each index i if ~ or ~ i is a postcondition of it. This allows an abstract s tate space exploration for arbi t rary programs. keywords: abstract interpretation, state graph exploration, theorem proving
Machine Learning for Coreference Resolution: From Local Classification to Global Ranking

In this paper, we view coreference resolution as a problem of ranking candidate partitions generated by different coreference systems. We propose a set of partition-based features to learn a ranking model for distinguishing good and bad partitions. Our approach compares favorably to two state-of-the-art coreference systems when evaluated on three standard coreference data sets.
External attribution of intentional notions to explain and predict agent behaviour

Catholijn Jonker Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Artificial Intelligence De Boelelaan 1081a 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. +31 20 444 7743 jonker@cs.vu.nl Jan Treur Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Artificial Intelligence De Boelelaan 1081a 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. +31 20 444 7763 treur@cs.vu.nl Wieke de Vries Universiteit Utrecht Institute of Information and Computing Sciences Padualaan 14, De Uithof 3584CH Utrecht wieke@cs.uu.nl
A Common Mechanism Underlying Food Choice and Social Decisions

People make numerous decisions every day including perceptual decisions such as walking through a crowd, decisions over primary rewards such as what to eat, and social decisions that require balancing own and others' benefits. The unifying principles behind choices in various domains are, however, still not well understood. Mathematical models that describe choice behavior in specific contexts have provided important insights into the computations that may underlie decision making in the brain. However, a critical and largely unanswered question is whether these models generalize from one choice context to another. Here we show that a model adapted from the perceptual decision-making domain and estimated on choices over food rewards accurately predicts choices and reaction times in four independent sets of subjects making social decisions. The robustness of the model across domains provides behavioral evidence for a common decision-making process in perceptual, primary reward, and social decision making.
Solving the 5G Mobile Antenna Puzzle: Assessing Future Directions for the 5G Mobile Antenna Paradigm Shift

Advances in antenna technologies for cellular hand-held devices have been synchronous with the evolution of mobile phones over nearly 40 years. Having gone through four major wireless evolutions [1], [2], starting with the analog-based first generation to the current fourth-generation (4G) mobile broadband, technologies from manufacturers and their wireless network capacities today are advancing at unprecedented rates to meet our unrelenting service demands. These ever-growing demands, driven by exponential growth in wireless data usage around the globe [3], have gone hand in hand with major technological milestones achieved by the antenna design community. For instance, realizing the theory regarding the physical limitation of antennas [4]-[6] was paramount to the elimination of external antennas for mobile phones in the 1990s. This achievement triggered a variety of revolutionary mobile phone designs and the creation of new wireless services, establishing the current cycle of cellular advances and advances in mobile antenna technologies.
Self-Interest , Altruism , Incentives , and Agency Theory

Many people are suspicious of self-interest and incentives and oppose motivating humans through incentives. I analyze the meaning of incentives in the logic of choice and argue that it is inconceivable that purposeful actions are anything other than responses to incentives. Money is not always the best way to motivate people. But where money incentives are required, they are required precisely because people are motivated by things other than money. Self-interest is consistent with altruistic motives. Agency problems, however, cannot be solved by instilling greater altruism in people because altruism, the concern for the well-being of others, does not make a person into a perfect agent who does the bidding of others. I discuss the universal tendency of people to behave in non-rational ways. Though they are Resourceful, Evaluative Maximizers (REMMs) humans are imperfect because their brains are biologically structured so as to blind them from perceiving and correcting errors that cause psychic pain. The result is systematic, non-functional behavior. I discuss a Pain Avoidance Model (PAM) that complements REMM by capturing the non-rational component of human behavior (the crux of human self-control problems). Recognizing these selfcontrol problems leads to an expansion of agency theory since they are a second source of agency costs in addition to those generated by conflicts of interest between people. © M. C. Jensen, August 31, 1994 Forthcoming in the Journal of Applied Corporate Finance (Summer 1994) Comments welcome August 31, 1994 Self-Interest, Altruism, Incentives, and Agency Theory
Measuring the effects of business intelligence systems: The relationship between business process and organizational performance

Article history: Received 1 July 2007 Received in revised form 15 March 2008 Accepted 20 March 2008 Business intelligence (BI) systems provide the ability to analyse business information in order to support and improve management decision making across a broad range of business activities. They leverage the large data infrastructure investments (e.g. ERP systems) made by firms, and have the potential to realise the substantial value locked up in a firm's data resources. While substantial business investment in BI systems is continuing to accelerate, there is a complete absence of a specific and rigorous method to measure the realised business value, if any. By exploiting the lessons learned from prior attempts to measure business valueof IT-intensive systems,wedevelopa newmeasure that is based on an understanding of the characteristics of BI systems in a process-oriented framework. We then employ the measure in an examination of the relationship between the business process performance and organizational performance, finding significant differences in the strength of the relationship between industry sectors. This study reinforces the need to consider the specific context of use when designing performance measurement for IT-intensive systems, and highlights the need for further research examining contextual moderators to the realisation of such performance benefits. Crown Copyright © 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Outcome and prognostic factors in high-risk childhood adrenocortical carcinomas: A report from the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT).

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this retrospective international analysis was to evaluate the role of risk factors in pediatric patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) observed in European countries (2000-2013) in an attempt to identify factors associated with poor prognosis.


PROCEDURES
Data were retrieved from databases of Germany, France, Poland, and Italy, which form the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT). Patients were less than 18 years old, with at least one of the following tumor-related risk factors: metastases, volume more than 200 cm3 , Cushing syndrome, vascular or regional lymph node invasion, initial biopsy, or incomplete excision. Role of patients' age was also evaluated.


RESULTS
Eighty-two patients were evaluated: 62 with localized disease and 20 with metastases. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 39% and 55% for the whole population, respectively, and 51% and 73% for localized diseases, respectively. Concerning the whole population, PFS and OS were influenced by distant metastases, tumor volume, lymph node involvement, age, and presence of two or more risk factors. Factors significant only at OS were vascular involvement and incomplete surgery. At multivariable analysis, the main factors at PFS were volume more than 200 cm3 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-5.70) and presence of distant metastases (HR: 8.26, 95% CI: 3.49-19.51). The OS was significantly influenced by the presence of metastases (P < 0.0001). Concerning patients with localized tumors, the only significant prognostic factor was volume more than 200 cm3 with a HR of 4.38 (95% CI: 1.60-12.00) for PFS and of 3.68 (95% CI: 1.02-13.30) for OS.


CONCLUSIONS
Distant metastases and large tumor volume were the main unfavorable prognostic factors. Presence of two or more factors related to ACC was associated with an aggressive behavior of disease.
Overview of research on the educational use of video games

This paper overviews research on the educational use of video games by examining the viability of the different learning theories in the field, namely behaviorism, cognitivism, constructionism and the socio-cultural approach. In addition, five key tensions that emerge from the current research are examined: 1) Learning vs. playing, 2) freedom vs. control, 3) drill-and-practice games vs. microworlds, 4) transmission vs. construction, 5) teacher intervention vs. no teacher intervention. keywords education • video games • edutainment • learning • video games • overview • behaviorism • constructionism • cognitivism • socio-cultural • instructional technology • playing • teacher More than once we have heard that research on video games is an emerging field in which there has been no prior research, even though this is clearly not the case. Unfortunately, amnesia shackles too many researchers. In providing a comprehensive overview of the educational use of computer games, the paper contributes to the cure for this amnesia and highlights key tensions emerging from the current research that should be considered by practitioners and researchers alike. The method behind this overview The paper presents the most influential research on the subject based on an extensive search of the literature. The following database resources were used: Eric, Psych info, Medline, Ingenta, Emerald, ProQuest, Game Studies, Game-research.com, Simulation & Gaming and several others, as well as the most recent literature overviews, conference proceedings and websites of researchers. References found throughout these sources have been further expanded by examination of the references cited there. dk-2006-3.book Page 184 Wednesday, August 23, 2006 9:08 AM
Adalimumab therapy in children with Crohn disease previously treated with infliximab.

OBJECTIVES
Adalimumab, a humanised anti-tumour necrosis factor antibody, is an effective treatment in adult patients with refractory Crohn disease (CD). The available literature on its efficacy in children remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy in paediatric patients with CD and compare the efficacy between infliximab (IFX) nonresponders and patients who lost response to IFX.


METHODS
All Dutch patients with CD receiving adalimumab before the age of 18 years after previous IFX therapy were identified. We analysed longitudinal disease activity, assessed by the mathematically weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI) or the physician global assessment (PGA), and adverse events (AEs).


RESULTS
Fifty-three patients with CD were included. Twelve patients received monotherapy and the others received combination treatment with thiopurines (n = 21), methotrexate (n = 11), steroids (n = 7), or exclusive enteral nutrition (n = 2). Median follow-up was 12 months (interquartile range 5-23). Remission was reached in 34 patients (64%, wPCDAI < 12.5 or PGA = 0) after a median of 3.3 months, and maintained by 50% for 2 years. Eleven patients (21%) reached response but not remission (decrease in wPCDAI ≥ 17.5 or decrease in PGA). Eighteen patients (34%) failed adalimumab treatment because of nonresponse (n = 4), lost response (n = 11), or AEs (n = 3). More IFX nonresponders failed adalimumab treatment than patients who lost response to IFX (2/3 vs 8/34, hazard ratio 18.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1-303.6). Only 1 patient encountered a serious AE, a severe but nonfatal infection.


CONCLUSIONS
In clinical practice, adalimumab induces remission in two-thirds of children with IFX refractory CD.
Outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection after laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriomas.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of prior unilateral or bilateral endometrioma cystectomy on controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome.


DESIGN
Retrospective case-control study.


SETTING
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.


PATIENT(S)
Fifty-seven consecutive infertile patients were enrolled who had previously undergone unilateral (n = 34) or bilateral (n = 23) laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriomas more than 3 cm in diameter and underwent ICSI. The control group consisted of 99 patients with tubal factor infertility.


INTERVENTION(S)
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and ICSI.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Cycle cancellation rate, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, clinical pregnancy rate (PR), and implantation rate.


RESULT(S)
The mean number of oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, and two-pronucleated oocytes were significantly lower in the bilateral cystectomy group compared to the unilateral cystectomy and control groups. However, all other parameters, including fertilization rate, the mean number of embryos transferred, the mean number of grade 1 embryos transferred, the clinical PR per embryo transfer, and implantation rate, were comparable among the three groups. Within the unilateral cystectomy group, the mean number of oocyte retrieved from the operated site was significantly less than in the contralateral nonoperated site.


CONCLUSION(S)
Laparoscopic endometrioma cystectomy does reduce the ovarian reserve. However, diminished ovarian reserve does not translate into impaired pregnancy outcome.
Research Guides: Intellectual Property Issues in Engineering: Getting Permissions

A resource for engineering graduate students at the University of Arkansas, intended to help them make informed decisions about copyright, patents, and other intellectual property matters associated with their studies
Bacteriological quality of raw cow milk in Shahrekord, Iran.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of contamination with Escherichia coli, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk from Shahrekord city, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 300 raw milk samples were collected randomly from five regions, namely northeast, east, southeast, south, and southwest regions of Shahrekord city according to stratified random sampling design. Samples were analyzed for Total plate count (TPC), Staphylococcus aureus, coliform, and E. coli. Results: Out of 300 samples of raw milk, contamination with coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus was observed in 237 (79%), 207 (69%) and 125 (41.66%) samples, respectively. The highest rate of contamination was in the samples from southwest region with coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus were present in 30 (100%), 29 (96.66%), and19 (63.33%) samples, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: Considering the high rate of raw milk contamination with S. aureus, E. Coli, and coliforms, sanitary practice during collecting, transporting, and storage especially in the summer season is recommended.
Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis screening and isoniazid treatment in the TB/HIV in Rio (THRio) Study.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) screening and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.


DESIGN
We used decision analysis, populated by data from a cluster-randomized trial, to project the costs (in 2010 USD) and effectiveness (in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] averted) of training health care workers to implement the tuberculin skin test (TST), followed by IPT for TST-positive patients with no evidence of active TB. This intervention was compared to a baseline of usual care. We used time horizons of 1 year for the intervention and 20 years for disease outcomes, with all future DALYs and medical costs discounted at 3% per year.


RESULTS
Providing this intervention to 100 people would avert 1.14 discounted DALYs (1.57 undiscounted DALYs). The median estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $2273 (IQR $1779-$3135) per DALY averted, less than Brazil's 2010 per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $11,700. Results were most sensitive to the cost of providing the training.


CONCLUSION
Training health care workers to screen HIV-infected adults with TST and provide IPT to those with latent tuberculous infection can be considered cost-effective relative to the Brazilian GDP per capita.
State-of-the-art Web Applications using Microservices and Linked Data

This paper describes the current state of mu.semte.ch, a platform for building state-of-the-art web applications fuelled by Linked Data aware microservices. The platform assumes a mashup-like construction of single page web applications which consume various services. In order to reuse tooling built in the community, Linked Data is not pushed to the frontend.