LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques

Rapid prototyping (RP) techniques are a group of advanced manufacturing processes that can produce custom made objects directly from computer data such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Using RP fabrication techniques, constructs with controllable and complex internal architecture with appropriate mechanical properties can be achieved. One of the attractive and promising utilization of RP techniques is related to tissue engineering (TE) scaffold fabrication. Tissue engineering scaffold is a 3D construction that acts as a template for tissue regeneration. Although several conventional techniques such as solvent casting and gas forming are utilized in scaffold fabrication; these processes show poor interconnectivity and uncontrollable porosity of the produced scaffolds. So, RP techniques become the best alternative fabri methods of TE scaffolds. This paper reviews the current state of the art in the area of tissue engineering scaffolds fabrication using advanced RP processes, as well as the current limitations and future trends in scaffold fabrication RP techniques. Keywords—Biomanufacturing, Rapid prototyping, Solid Free Form Fabrication, Scaffold Fabrication, Tissue Engineering
Making hard choices easier: a prospective, multicentre study to assess the efficacy of a fertility-related decision aid in young women with early-stage breast cancer

Background:Fertility is a priority for many young women with breast cancer. Women need to be informed about interventions to retain fertility before chemotherapy so as to make good quality decisions. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a fertility-related decision aid (DA).Methods:A total of 120 newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer patients from 19 Australian oncology clinics, aged 18–40 years and desired future fertility, were assessed on decisional conflict, knowledge, decision regret, and satisfaction about fertility-related treatment decisions. These were measured at baseline, 1 and 12 months, and were examined using linear mixed effects models.Results:Compared with usual care, women who received the DA had reduced decisional conflict (β=−1.51; 95%CI: −2.54 to 0.48; P=0.004) and improved knowledge (β=0.09; 95%CI: 0.01–0.16; P=0.02), after adjusting for education, desire for children and baseline uncertainty. The DA was associated with reduced decisional regret at 1 year (β=−3.73; 95%CI: −7.12 to −0.35; P=0.031), after adjusting for education. Women who received the DA were more satisfied with the information received on the impact of cancer treatment on fertility (P<0.001), fertility options (P=0.005), and rated it more helpful (P=0.002), than those who received standard care.Conclusion:These findings support widespread use of this DA shortly after diagnosis (before chemotherapy) among younger breast cancer patients who have not completed their families.
An exploration of stereotypical beliefs about leadership styles: Is transformational leadership a route to women's promotion?

Available online 2 February 2011 Two experimental studies examined whether gender stereotypes about the transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles constitute an advantage or an impediment for women's access to leadership positions in organizations. The first study investigated the accuracy of descriptive gender stereotypes about leadership styles, showing that participants accurately believe that women display more transformational and contingent reward behaviors, and fewer management-by-exception and laissez-faire behaviors than men. The second study investigated prescriptive stereotypes about the importance of leadership styles for the promotion of women and men to different levels in organizations. Inspirational motivation was perceived as more important for men than women and especially important for promotion to CEO. In contrast, individualized consideration was perceived as more important for women thanmen and especially important for promotion to senior management. Consistent with these stereotypical beliefs about leadership, women interested in promotion may be well advised to blend individualized consideration and inspirational motivation behaviors. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Jaal: Engineering a High Quality All-Quadrilateral Mesh Generator

In this paper, we describe the implementation of an open source code (Jaal) for producing a high quality, isotropic all-quadrilateral mesh for an arbitrary complex surface geometry. Two basic steps in this process are: (1) Triangle to quad mesh conversion using Suneeta Ramaswamy’s tree matching algorithm and (2) Global mesh cleanup operation using Guy Bunin’s one-defect remeshing to reduce irregular nodes in the mesh. These algorithms are fairly deterministic, very simple, require no input parameters, and fully automated yet produce an extremely high quality all-quadrilateral mesh (with very few 3 and 5 valence irregular nodes) for large class of problems.
A Relational Representation of Modification

The KING KONG parser being developed at The MITRE Corporation combines an argument-structure shorthand with recent work on the relationship between spatial and non-spatial sets of relations and a relational model of abstract relations to produce a robust approach to modifier constructions.
The Efficacy of Propofol vs. Subcutaneous Sumatriptan for Treatment of Acute Migraine Headaches in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND
In this double-blinded, randomized trial, we hypothesized that propofol is as effective as sumatriptan in treating acute migraine headaches, with better control of nausea and vomiting, and fewer side effects.


METHODS
Ninety cases of acute migraine attack admitted to the emergency department were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: (1) 6 mg of sumatriptan subcutaneously or (2) propofol injected intravenously in 30 to 40 mg boluses, followed by 10 to 20 mg intermittent bolus doses to sedate the patients to Ramsey score of 3 to 4. Headache severity was assessed using an 11-point visual analog scale before treatment and 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after treatment. Accompanying symptoms, improvement in headache, and the need for anti-emetic therapy were also assessed.


RESULTS
A total of 91 patients were enrolled in this study. One patient in the sumatriptan group was excluded due to severe chest tightness, and 90 patients were included in the final analysis. Pain intensity was significantly lower in the propofol group 30 minutes after treatment (P = 0.001); however, after 1 and 2 hours, there were no significant differences between the groups. The need for anti-emetic therapy and the recurrence of symptoms were significantly lower in the propofol group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.001, respectively).


CONCLUSION
Propofol is equally suitable as sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine headaches in an emergency department setting. Moreover, the use of propofol avoids some of the adverse side effects of sumatriptan while providing better control of nausea and vomiting.
Novel Design Methodology for High-Performance XOR-XNOR Circuit Design

As we scale down to deep submicron (DSM) technology, noise is becoming a metric of equal importance as power, speed, and area. Smaller feature sizes, low voltage, and high frequency are some of the characteristics for DSM circuits. A novel design methodology for the design of energy-efficient noise-tolerant XOR-XNOR circuits that can operate at low voltages is proposed. The proposed circuits are characterized and compared with previously published circuits for reliability and energy efficiency. To test their driving capability, the proposed gates are implanted in an existing 5-2 compressor design and is shown to provide superior performance. The average noise threshold energy is used for quantifying the noise immunity. Simulation results show that the proposed circuits are more noise-immune and displays better power consumption results as well as power-delay product characteristics. Also, the circuits prove to be faster and successfully works at all ranges of supply voltage starting from 0.6V to 3.3V.
Using a modified technology acceptance model in hospitals

PURPOSE
The use of information technology in the health care sector and especially in hospitals offers great potential for improving the quality of services provided and the efficiency and effectiveness of the personnel, but also for reducing the organizational expenses. However, the main question that arises according to the literature is whether hospital personnel are willing to use state of the art information technology while performing their tasks. This study attempts to address this issue by developing and testing a modified technology acceptance model taking into consideration other relevant models found in the literature.


METHOD
The original TAM has been extended to include some exogenous variables in order to examine HIS acceptance by Greek hospital personnel. Correlation, explanatory and confirmation factor analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling technique has also been used to evaluate the causal model.


RESULTS
The results indicate that perceived usefulness, ease of use, social influence, attitude, facilitating conditions and self-efficacy significantly affect hospital personnel behavioral intention. Training has a strong indirect impact on behavioral intention through the mediators of facilitating condition and ease of use. Furthermore, the existence of significant positive effects between self-efficacy and social influence, perceived usefulness and anxiety, and facilitating conditions and social influence is also supported.


CONCLUSIONS
The proposed model can explain 87% of the variance of behavioral intention indicating that the core constructs of the technology acceptance models have a strong and statistically significant influence on hospital personnel usage intention.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), which causes dopamine depletion in the striatum, and the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies in the remaining cells. It remains unclear why dopaminergic neuronal cell death and Lewy body formation occur in PD. The pathological changes in PD are seen not only in the SNc but also in the locus coeruleus, pedunculo pontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve, olfactory bulb, parasympathetic as well as sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons, Mynert nucleus, and the cerebral cortex (Braak et al. 2003). Widespread neuropathology in the brainstem and cortical regions are responsible for various motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Although dopamine replacement therapy improves the functional prognosis of PD, there is currently no treatment that prevents the progression of this disease. Previous studies provided possible evidence that the pathogenesis of PD involves complex interactions between environmental and multiple genetic factors. Exposure to the environmental toxin MPTP was identified as one cause of parkinsonism in 1983 (Langston & Ballard 1983). In addition to MPTP, other environmental toxins, such as the herbicide paraquat and the pesticide rotenone have been shown to contribute to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss and parkinsonism. In contrast, cigarette smoking, caffeine use, and high normal plasma urate levels are associated with lower risk of PD (Hernan et al. 2002). Recently, Braak and coworkers proposed the “Dual Hit” theory, which postulated an unknown pathogen accesses the brain through two pathways, the nose and the gut (Hawkes et al. 2007). Subsequently, a prion-like mechanism might contribute to the propagation of αsynuclein from the peripheral nerve to the central nervous system (Angot et al. 2010). Approximately 5% of patients with clinical features of PD have clear familial etiology. Therefore, genetic factors clearly contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Over the decade, more than 16 loci and 11 causative genes have been identified, and many studies have shed light on their implication in, not only monogenic, but also sporadic forms of PD. Recent studies revealed that PD-associated genes play important roles in cellular functions, such as mitochondrial functions, the ubiquitin-proteasomal system, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and membrane trafficking (Hatano et al. 2009). In this chapter, we review the investigations of environmental and genetic factors of PD (Figure 1).
SURREAL: SecURe coveRt peEr communicAtion over BitTorrent protocoL

Today, peer-to-peer (p2p) networks have risen to the top echelon of information sharing on the Internet. It is a daunting task to prevent sharing of both legitimate and illegitimate information such as – music, movies, software, and child pornography – on p2p overt channels. Considering that, preventing covert channel information sharing is inconceivable given even its detection is near impossible. In this paper, we describe SURREAL – a technique for covert communication over the very popular p2p BitTorrent protocol. Standard BitTorrent protocol uses a 3-step handshake process and as such does not provide peer authentication service. In SURREAL, we have extended the standard handshake to a 6-step authenticated covert handshake to provide peer authentication service and robust peer anonymity with one way functions. After authenticating a potential covert partner, participating peers send data over an encrypted covert channel using one a standard BitTorrent message type. We have also SURREL’s security robustness to potential attacks. Finally, we have validated SURREAL’s performance and presented results comparing it with [4] and [5]. Keywords—Authentication, BitTorrent, covert channel, handshake, information hiding, p2p networks, security, steganography.
NISTIR 7908 A Sensor Ontology Literature Review

The purpose of this paper is to review existing sensor and sensor network ontologies to understand whether they can be reused as a basis for a manufacturing perception sensor ontology, or if the existing ontologies hold lessons for the development of a new ontology. We develop an initial set of requirements that should apply to a manufacturing perception sensor ontology. These initial requirements are used in reviewing selected existing sensor ontologies. This paper describes the steps for 1) extending and refining the requirements; 2) proposing hierarchical structures for verifying the purposes of the ontology; and 3) choosing appropriate tools and languages to support such an ontology. Some languages could include OWL (Web Ontology Language) [1] and SensorML (Sensor Markup Language) [2]. This work will be proposed as a standard within the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) Ontologies for Robotics Automation (ORA) Working Group [3]. 1. Overview of Sensor Ontology Effort Next generation robotic systems for manufacturing must perform highly complex tasks in dynamic environments. To improve return on investment, manufacturing robots and automation must become more flexible and adaptable, and less dependent on blind, repetitive motions in a structured, fixed environment. To become more adaptable, robots need both precise sensing for parts and assemblies, so they can focus on specific tasks in which they must interact with and manipulate objects; and situational awareness, so they can robustly sense their entire environment for long-term planning and short-term safety. Meeting these requirements will need advances in sensing and perception systems that can identify and locate objects, can detect people and obstacles, and, in general, can perceive as many elements of the manufacturing environment as needed for operation. To robustly and accurately perceive many elements of the environment will require a wide range of collaborating smart sensors such as cameras, laser scanners, stereo cameras, and others. In many cases these sensors will need to be integrated into a distributed sensor network that offers extensive coverage of a manufacturing facility by sensors of complementary capabilities. To support the development of these sensors and networks, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) manufacturing perception sensor ontology effort looks to create an ontology of sensors, sensor networks, sensor capabilities, environmental objects, and environmental conditions so as to better define and anticipate the wide range of perception systems needed. The ontology will include:
What Happens When Wal-Mart Comes to Town : An Empirical Analysis of the Discount Industry ∗

In the past few decades the retail industry has experienced substantial growth in multistore retailers, especially chains with a hundred or more stores. At the same time, there is widely reported public outcry over the impact of these chain stores on small retailers and local communities. This paper develops an empirical model to assess the impact of chain stores on the profitability and entry/exit decisions of small retailers and to quantify the size of the scale economies within a chain. The model has two key features. First, it allows for fully flexible competition patterns among all players. Second, for chains, it incorporates the scale economies that arise from operating multiple stores in nearby regions. In doing so, the model relaxes the commonly used assumption that entry in different markets is independent. The estimation exploits a unique data set that covers the discount retail industry from 1988 to 1997. The results indicate that Wal-Mart’s expansion from the late 1980s to the late 1990s explains about fifty to seventy percent of the net change in the number of small discount retailers. Failure to address the endogeneity of the firms’ entry decisions results in underestimating this impact by fifty to sixty percent. Direct subsidies to either chains or small retailers are unlikely to be cost effective in increasing the number of firms or the level of employment. The Wal-Mart stores that received subsidies in the last decade are on average more profitable than the unsubsidized ones. Finally, scale economies were important in Wal-Mart’s early expansion period in the late 1980s, but their magnitude diminished greatly in the late 1990s.
Passwords and the evolution of imperfect authentication

Theory on passwords has lagged practice, where large providers use back-end smarts to survive with imperfect technology.
Long term study on the influence of eutrophication, restoration and biomanipulation on the structure and development of phytoplankton communities in Feldberger Haussee (Baltic Lake District, Germany)

Feldberger Haussee provides a classic example of eutrophication history of hardwater lakes in the Baltic Lake District (Germany) and of changes in their algal flora during the 20th century. The lake originally was regarded as slightly eutrophic. A process of drastic eutrophication from the 1950s until the end of the 1970s caused mass developments of blue-green and green algae. A restoration program was started in the 1980s to improve the water quality of the lake using both diversion of sewage outside the catchment area, and biomanipulation by altering the fish community. This restoration program led to positive changes in the lake ecosystem. Direct effects of biomanipulation resulted in an increase of herbivorous zooplankton, a decrease of phytoplankton biomass, and an increase of water transparency. The recovery of Feldberger Haussee also may have been indirectly enhanced by an increase in nutrient sedimentation as a consequence of intensified calcite precipitation, decrease in phosphorus remobilization due to a pH-decrease, increased NIP-ratio, and recolonization of the littoral zone by macrophytes. This paper concentrates on the long term development of the phytoplankton community as a response to changes in the food web structure as well as to alterations in the chemical environment of the algae. Both are reflected in four major stages passed by the algal assemblage between 1980 and 1994: (1) From 1980-summer 1985 dense green algal populations were found indicating similar conditions as in the 1970s during the period of maximum eutrophication. (2) A diverse phytoplankton community during summer 1985–1989 showed the first effects of a recovery. (3) From 1990–1992 the phytoplankton was characterized by ungrazeable filamentous blue-green algae first of all as a response to increased herbivory of zooplankton on edible species and to increasing N/P-ratios. (4) Finally, the algal species diversity increased in 1993 and 1994 whereas the phytoplankton biomass decreased showing the success of the combined restoration measures.
General supersymmetric AdS5 black holes

Supersymmetric, asymptotically AdS5, black hole solutions of five dimensional gauged supergravity coupled to arbitrarily many abelian vector multiplets are presented. The general nature of supersymmetric solutions of this theory is discussed. All maximally supersymmetric solutions of this theory (with or without gauging) are obtained.
Analysis of harmonic mitigations using hybrid passive filters

With the recent development in the power electronic devices, the use of power electronics in controlled Variable Speed Drives (VSD) is increasing in industrial and domestic applications. These controlled VSDs provide many advantages and flexibility in those applications, but at same time cause harmonic distortion in the power system. In recent years, significant attention has been focused on line side harmonics because they overload power network infrastructure, affect quality of the grid, cause reliability problem in equipment and waste energy. Therefore mitigations of harmonics have been considered as important research issues in power system. A growing number of different harmonic mitigation techniques are available using active and passive components. In various industrial applications, passive harmonic mitigation techniques are used in low power drives due to the cost and size point of view. In this paper, a comparative analysis has been performed for various configurations of passive components and finally a hybrid passive filter has been optimized for the harmonic mitigation. In some applications such as micro-grid or standalone grid, there are strict requirements for Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Therefore, a new harmonic factor (Ki_new) has been defined to calculate the THDV based on current harmonics.