LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Scale relativity and fractal space-time: Applications to quantum physics, cosmology and chaotic systems

Abstract The theory of scale relativity is a new approach to the problem of the origin of fundamental scales and of scaling laws in physics, that consists of generalizing Einstein's principle of relativity (up to now applied to motion laws) to scale transformations. Namely, we redefine space-time resolutions as characterizing the state of scale of the reference system and require that the equations of physics keep their form under resolution transformations (i.e. be scale covariant). We recall in the present review paper how the development of the theory is intrinsically linked to the concept of fractal space-time, and how it allows one to recover quantum mechanics as mechanics on such a non-differentiable space-time, in which the Schrodinger equation is demonstrated as a geodesies equation. We recall that the standard quantum behavior is obtained, however, as a manifestation of a “Galilean” version of the theory, while the application of the principle of relativity to linear scale laws leads to the construction of a theory of special scale relativity, in which there appears impassable, minimal and maximal scales, invariant under dilations. The theory is then applied to its preferential domains of applications, namely very small and very large length- and time-scales, i.e. high energy physics, cosmology and chaotic systems.
On Sparse Reconstruction from Fourier and Gaussian Measurements

This paper improves upon best-known guarantees for exact reconstruction of a sparse signal f from a small universal sample of Fourier measurements. The method for reconstruction that has recently gained momentum in the sparse approximation theory is to relax this highly nonconvex problem to a convex problem and then solve it as a linear program. We show that there exists a set of frequencies such that one can exactly reconstruct every r-sparse signal f of length n from its frequencies in , using the convex relaxation, and has size k.r; n/ D O.r log.n/ log.r/ log.r log n// D O.r log n/: A random set satisfies this with high probability. This estimate is optimal within the log log n and log r factors. We also give a relatively short argument for a similar problem with k.r; n/ rŒ12 C 8 log.n=r/ Gaussian measurements. We use methods of geometric functional analysis and probability theory in Banach spaces, which makes our arguments quite short. c 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful cyclophosphamide therapy with complete resolution of pulmonary artery aneurysm in Hughes–Stovin syndrome patient

Hughes–Stovin syndrome is an exceedingly rare disorder of unknown etiology, and it is characterized by multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms and peripheral venous thrombosis. We report a case of Hughes–Stovin syndrome with complete resolution of pulmonary artery aneurysm after treatment with cyclophosphamide. A 48-year-old man presented with massive hemoptysis, fever, and weight loss of 4-month duration. Computed tomography angiography revealed multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms of variable sizes in both lung fields. Inferior vena caval thrombosis was also noted. Despite multiple surgical procedures including embolectomy and lobectomy combined with steroid therapy, new aneurysms continued to appear with persistent hemoptysis. Thorough history and physical examination did not suggest any evidence of Behcet’s disease. Hughes–Stovin syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. High-dose prednisolone combined with oral cyclophosphamide therapy was initiated. Chest radiography follow-up in 3 months revealed complete resolution of pulmonary aneurysm. No new aneurysm was detected at 15 months of follow-up.
Use and interpretation of on/off diaries in Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the use and interpretation of self reported on/off diary data for assessment of daily motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.


METHODS
26 consecutive non-demented patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease received standardised training on how to fill out the four category CAPSIT-PD on/off diary, followed by four hours of clinical observation and four weeks of daytime on/off diaries every 30 minutes at home.


RESULTS
Overall patient-clinician agreement in diary entries was good (kappa = 0.62; weighted kappa = 0.84). Agreement for individual diary categories was good for "off" and "on with dyskinesias" (kappa = > or =0.72), but moderate for "partial off" and "on" (kappa = 0.49). The overall validity of patient kept diaries was supported by expected symptom severity variability across diary categories, as assessed in the clinic. One day's home diary data failed to predict outcomes from the full four weeks for all diary categories, and data from three days failed to yield good prediction (predefined as R(2) = > or =approximately 0.7) for the time spent in "off" and "partial off". Data from one week yielded good prediction (R(2) = > or =0.74) in all instances except "partial off", which could not be well predicted even when two weeks' home diary data were considered (R(2) = 0.52).


CONCLUSIONS
The data provide support for the overall accuracy and validity of the four category CAPSIT-PD on/off diary, but suggest that a three category diary format may improve accuracy and validity. Interpretation of diary data beyond the assessed time frame should be made with caution unless diaries have been kept for sufficiently long periods.
Objective reduction using a feature selection technique

This paper introduces two new algorithms to reduce the number of objectives in a multiobjective problem by identifying the most conflicting objectives. The proposed algorithms are based on a feature selection technique proposed by Mitra et. al. [11]. One algorithm is intended to determine the minimum subset of objectives that yields the minimum error possible, while the other finds a subset of objectives of a given size that yields the minimum error. To validate these algorithms we compare their results against those obtained by two similar algorithms recently proposed. The comparative study shows that our algorithms are very competitive with respect to the reference algorithms. Additionally, our approaches require a lower computational time. Also, in this study we propose to use the inverted generational distance to evaluate the quality of a subset of objectives.
Seventh-order elliptic video filter with 0.1 dB pass band ripple employing CMOS CDTAs

In this paper, a CMOS realization of the current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is given, which is a newly reported active building block for current-mode signal processing. Current differencing stage of the CDTA element is realized using a differential current-controlled current source and in the output stage, floating current sources are used to convert intermediate voltage of z terminal to output currents. Due to the compactness of the circuit, it is capable of high-frequency operation and suitable for video signal-processing applications. The CDTA element is used in a current-mode anti-aliasing video filter, which is designed using operational simulation of a seventh-order passive elliptic filter, so the resulting active filter has the low sensitivity feature of its passive counterpart. The filter has 0.1 dB maximum pass band ripple as imposed by ITU video anti-aliasing filter standard. SPICE-simulation results of both the CDTA element and the seventh-order elliptic filter are given. Simulation results are found in close agreement with theoretical results. 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Representation and Inference for Natural Language: A First Course in Computational Semantics

for Natural Language A First Course in Computational Semanti s Volume II Working with Dis ourse Representation Stru tures Patri k Bla kburn & Johan Bos September 3, 1999
Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity

A phase transition describes the sudden change of state of a physical system, such as melting or freezing. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiments and generic models that capture the underlying physics. The Dicke model describes a collective matter–light interaction and has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose–Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-range interactions between the condensed atoms, induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. Our results should facilitate studies of quantum gases with long-range interactions and provide access to novel quantum phases.
PFDet: 2nd Place Solution to Open Images Challenge 2018 Object Detection Track

We present a large-scale object detection system by team PFDet. Our system enables training with huge datasets using 512 GPUs, handles sparsely verified classes, and massive class imbalance. Using our method, we achieved 2nd place in the Google AI Open Images Object Detection Track 2018 on Kaggle. 1
Immunologic changes to autologous transfusion after operational trauma in malignant tumor patients: neopterin and interleukin-2.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the impact of autologous transfusion on the status of perioperative immune activation in malignant tumor patients. The Serum Neopterin and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) were measured.


METHODS
Sixty patients undergoing elective radical resection for malignant stomach tumor were enrolled in the prospective study and assigned to the following groups: (1) Group A received autologous transfusion. (2) Group H received allogeneic transfusion. The perioperative course (Before induction of anesthesia, after operation and 5 d after operation) of Neopterin and IL-2 was compared.


RESULTS
In group A, Serum Neopterin was significantly lower than baseline after operation and IL-2 had no significant changes. In group H, both Serum Neopterin and IL-2 were significantly lower than baseline after operation and 5 d after operation. Compared with group A, Serum Neopterin was significantly lower than baseline after operation and 5 d after operation and IL-2 was significantly lower than baseline 5 d after operation.


CONCLUSION
Autologous transfusion decreased the perioperative immune suppression in malignant stomach tumor patients.
Semantic and Rules Based Event-Driven Dynamic Web Services Composition for Automation of Business Processes

Web services and service-oriented architecture are emerging distributed computing paradigms to publish and access software components as services. Various enterprises now publish their business as Web services. Business processes of these enterprises involved in B2B and B2C transactions require composition of distributed heterogeneous services to accomplish a task. Business processes are complex, dynamic and event-driven. Dynamic composition and automation of complex business processes are becoming active areas of research in this field. Interoperable integration, immaturity, lack of semantic support amongst standards, scalability and middleware support are the challenges involved when business processes are evaluated at national scale. In this paper we propose semantic and rule based event-driven service-oriented architecture for automation of business processes. Semantic provides knowledge and vocabulary of domain and ECA rules are designed to generate the composition schema automatically and dynamically according to the events. We have taken real-life example of agricultural business for demonstration of our architecture
High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for skin: ex vivo evaluation.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used for skin tightening. However, there is a rising concern of irreversible adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the depth of thermal injury zone after HIFU energy passes through different condition.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
To analyze the consistency of the HIFU device, phantom tests were performed. Simulations were performed on ex vivo porcine tissues to estimate the area of the thermal coagulation point (TCP) according to the applied energy and skin condition. The experiment was designed in three orientations: normal direction (from epidermis to fascia), reverse direction (from fascia to epidermis), and normal direction without epidermis.


RESULTS
The TCP was larger and wider depending on the applied fluence and handpieces (HPs). When we measured TCP in different directions, the measured area in the normal direction was more superficially located than that in the reverse direction. The depth of the TCP in the porcine skin without epidermis was detected at 130% deeper than in skin with an intact epidermis.


CONCLUSION
The affected area by HIFU is dependent on the skin condition and the characteristics of the HP and applied fluence. Considerations of these factors may be the key to minimize the unwanted adverse effects.
Autonomous cleaning robot: Roboking system integration and overview

This paper would present the system integration and overview of the autonomous cleaning robot Roboking. Roboking is self-propelled autonomously navigating vacuum cleaning robot. It uses several sensors in order to protect indoor environments and itself while cleaning. In this paper, we would describe the principle of operation along with system structure, sensors, functions and integrated subsystems.
2D array implementation of sorted lists

The ideas and key algorithms of a sorted list data structure based on a 2-dimensional (2D) array container are presented. It is shown that with an appropriately chosen number of rows, the efficiency of insertion and deletion is much improved compared to traditional approaches of using 1D arrays or linked structures. Yet, the binary search capability is retained. While such a data structure may deserve further exploration for its practical merit, its real value may well be in data structure classes, where the implementations and related issues provide sources for challenging projects. In addition, the implementation also provides a good example in understanding 2D arrays implemented as array of arrays in an object-oriented language.
Model for democratisation of the contents hosted in MOOCs

Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a new educational tool in higher education, based on gratuity, massiveness and ubiquity. Essentially they suggest an evolution of the Open Learning Movement based on principles of reusing, revising, remixing and redistributing open educational resources (OER). However, in contrast with the content of OERs, content hosed in MOOCs tends to be paywalled and copyrighted, which restricts its reuse. Philosophically, the main problem with MOOCs is the inaccessibility and inadaptability of their resources, challenging democratic open access to knowledge. A number of authors and organisations consider it an ultimate necessity to open up MOOC resources. Therefore in this paper three strategies to open up MOOC contents are proposed: to deposit the materials in repositories of OER (ROER) as individual objects, to archive them in ROER in data packages as learning units or to convert them into OpenCourseWare (OCW) as self-taught courses. Los cursos online masivos y abiertos (MOOC por Massive Online Open Courses) son la materialización de un nuevo escenario formativo en la educación superior fundamentado en la gratuidad, la masividad y la ubicuidad. En su esencia suponen una evolución del movimiento de aprendizaje abierto (Open Learning Movement), cuyos principios son la reutilización, revision, remezcla y redistribución de los recursos educativos abiertos (REA). Pero a diferencia de estos, en los MOOC los contenidos están cerrados y protegidos bajo copyright, por lo que sus materiales no pueden ser reutilizados. Criticados desde diferentes puntos de vista, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía REA, el principal problema que presentan es que sus recursos no sean accesibles, modificables y traducibles, lo que impide la democratización y el acceso libre del conocimiento. Por ello diferentes autores e instancias consideran necesaria la apertura de los contenidos de los MOOC y en este artículo se proponen tres estrategias para abrir los contenidos: depositar los materiales en repositorios de REA, archivarlos como objetos individuales en repositorios de REA como paquetes de datos y su conversión a Open Courseware, como cursos de autoaprendizaje.
An integrated workplace mental health intervention in a policing context: Protocol for a cluster randomised control trial

BACKGROUND
In this paper, we present the protocol for a cluster-randomised trial to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a workplace mental health intervention in the state-wide police department of the south-eastern Australian state of Victoria. n. The primary aims of the intervention are to improve psychosocial working conditions and mental health literacy, and secondarily to improve mental health and organisational outcomes.


METHODS/DESIGN
The intervention was designed collaboratively with Victoria Police based on a mixed methods pilot study, and combines multi-session leadership coaching for the senior officers within stations (e.g., Sergeants, Senior Sergeants) with tailored mental health literacy training for lower and upper ranks. Intervention effectiveness will be evaluated using a two-arm cluster-randomised trial design, with 12 police stations randomly assigned to the intervention and 12 to the non-intervention/usual care control condition. Data will be collected from all police members in each station (estimated at >20 per station). Psychosocial working conditions (e.g., supervisory support, job control, job demands), mental health literacy (e.g., knowledge, confidence in assisting someone who may have a mental health problem), and mental health will be assessed using validated measures. Organisational outcomes will include organisational depression disclosure norms, organisational cynicism, and station-level sickness absence rates. The trial will be conducted following CONSORT guidelines. Identifying data will not be collected in order to protect participant privacy and to optimise participation, hence changes in primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed using a two-sample t-test comparing summary measures by arm, with weighting by cluster size.


DISCUSSION
This intervention is novel in its integration of stressor-reduction and mental health literacy-enhancing strategies. Effectiveness will be rigorously evaluated, and if positive results are observed, the intervention will be adapted across Victoria Police (total employees ~16,500) as well as possibly in other policing contexts, both nationally and internationally.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN82041334. Registered 24th July, 2014.
Modeling occluded areas in dynamic grid maps

The dynamic grid map illustrates the environment of robots with moving and static obstacles. Nuss et al. describe in [1] an implementation of this grid map, in which the state of the grid cells is to be modeled as a random finite set (RFS) based on a stochastic measurement system. For a real-time implementation this approach was approximated with Dempster-Shafer (DS). For this Nuss et al. design the areas without information (unknown areas) so, that no probabilistic calculations are executed. Only in the field of view, hypotheses represent the dynamic behavior of objects. This hypotheses are generated with particles. Therefore, in [1] it was proposed to extend this modeling. In this paper a pure Bayes approach is presented, which calculates all areas of the dynamic grid map probabilistic. Now, the resulting modeling generates hypotheses, which represent the dynamic behavior of unobservable objects. Thus, objects moving out of unknown areas can be detected more quickly. This leads to a more intuitive understanding as well as representation of the environment.
Learning from Observation Paradigm: Leg Task Models for Enabling a Biped Humanoid Robot to Imitate Human Dances

This paper proposes a framework that achieves the Learning from Observation paradigm for learning dance motions. The framework enables a humanoid robot to imitate dance motions captured from human demonstrations. This study especially focuses on leg motions to achieve a novel attempt in which a biped-type robot imitates not only upper body motions but also leg motions including steps. Body differences between the robot and the original dancer make the problem difficult because the differences prevent the robot from straightforwardly following the original motions and they also change dynamic body balance. We propose leg task models, which play a key role in solving the problem. Low-level tasks in leg motion are modelled so that they clearly provide essential information required for keeping dynamic stability and important motion characteristics. The models divide the problem of adapting motions into the problem of The International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 00, No. 00, Xxxxxxxx 2007, pp. 000–000 DOI: 10.1177/0278364907079430 c 2007 SAGE Publications recognizing a sequence of the tasks and the problem of executing the task sequence. We have developed a method for recognizing the tasks from captured motion data and a method for generating the motions of the tasks that can be executed by existing robots including HRP-2. HRP-2 successfully performed the generated motions, which imitated a traditional folk dance performed by human dancers. KEY WORDS—learning from observation, imitation, biped humanoid robot, motion capture, entertainment robotics
How effective are patient-based educational interventions in the management of cancer pain? Systematic review and meta-analysis

This review aimed to quantify the benefit of patient-based educational interventions in the management of cancer pain. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimentally randomised and non-randomised controlled clinical trials identified from six databases from inception to November 2007.Two reviewers independently selected trials comparing intervention (formal instruction on cancer pain and analgesia on an individual basis using any medium) to usual care or other control in adults with cancer pain. Methodological quality was assessed, and data extraction undertaken by one reviewer with a second reviewer checking for accuracy. We used random effects model to combine the effect estimates from studies. Main outcome measures were effects on knowledge and attitudes towards cancer pain and analgesia, and pain intensity. Twenty-one trials (19 randomised) totalling 3501 patients met inclusion criteria, and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to usual care or control, educational interventions improved knowledge and attitudes by half a point on 0-5 rating scale (weighted mean difference 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.04-1.0), reduced average pain intensity by over one point on 0-10 rating scale (WMD -1.1, -1.8 to -0.41) and reduced worst pain intensity by just under one point (WMD -0.78, -1.21 to -0.35). We found equivocal evidence for the effect of education on self-efficacy, but no significant benefit on medication adherence or on reducing interference with daily activities. Patient-based educational interventions can result in modest but significant benefits in the management of cancer pain, and are probably underused alongside more traditional analgesic approaches.