LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Outcome and serum ion determination up to 11 years after implantation of a cemented metal-on-metal hip prosthesis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Little is known about the long-term outcome of cemented metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. We evaluated a consecutive series of metal-on-metal polyethylene-backed cemented hip arthroplasties implanted in patients under 60 years of age.


METHODS
109 patients (134 joint replacements) were followed prospectively for mean 9 (7-11) years. The evaluation included clinical score, radiographic assessment, and blood sampling for ion level determination.


RESULTS
At the final review, 12 hips had been revised, mainly because of aseptic loosening of the socket. Using revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, the survival rate at 9 years was 91% for the cup and 99% for the stem. In addition, 35 hips showed radiolucent lines at the bone-cement interface of the acetabulum and some were associated with osteolysis. The median serum cobalt and chromium levels were relatively constant over time, and were much higher than the detection level throughout the study period. The cobalt level was 1.5 microg/L 1 year after implantation, and 1.44 microg/L 9 years after implantation.


INTERPRETATION
Revisions for aseptic loosening and radiographic findings in the sockets led us to halt metal-on-metal-backed polyethylene cemented hip arthroplasty procedures. If the rigidity of the cemented socket is a reason for loosening, excessive release of metal ions and particles may be involved. Further investigations are required to confirm this hypothesis and to determine whether subluxation, microseparation, and hypersensitivity also play a role.
A study of organizational citizenship behaviors in a retail setting

This study investigates the potential antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in a retail setting. Much remains unknown about the factors affecting OCBs in retail settings. Several characteristics of retail jobs, as compared with other organizational behavior contexts, suggest the need to examine antecedents of OCBs. Job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment) are proposed as direct predictors of OCBs. Leadership support, professional development, and empowerment are posited as indirect predictors of OCBs and direct predictors of job attitudes. The possible moderating impacts of employee demographics and job types on the modeled relationships are also examined. The research hypotheses are tested using data collected from 211 frontline employees who work in a retail setting. The employees have customer-contact roles in the upscale food and grocery retailer that participated in the study. The pattern of results is more complex than hypothesized. Job attitudes are related to OCBs but the mediating role of job attitudes is not supported. The relationships between leadership support, professional development, and empowerment, and OCBs and job attitudes differ systematically. Evidence of how employee demographics can alter the modeled relationships is also presented. The findings have significant implications for the theory and practice of managing frontline employees. Limitations of the study are discussed and a program of further research is sketched. D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ions in Solution—Basic Principles of Chemical Interaction, 2nd Edition (Burgess, John)

A concise introduction to the behavior and properties of cations and anions in predominately aqueous solutions.
Fast Variational Inference for Gaussian Process Models Through KL-Correction

Variational inference is a flexible approach to solving problems of intractability in Bayesian models. Unfortunately the convergence of variational methods is often slow. We review a recently suggested variational approach for approximate inference in Gaussian process (GP) models and show how convergence may be dramatically improved through the use of a positive correction term to the standard variational bound. We refer to the modified bound as a KL-corrected bound. The KL-corrected bound is a lower bound on the true likelihood, but an upper bound on the original variational bound. Timing comparisons between optimisation of the two bounds show that optimisation of the new bound consistently improves the speed of convergence.
Chapter 2 Normal Pubertal Physiology in Females

J.E. Dietrich (ed.), Female Puberty: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0912-4_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract The development of a female child into an adult woman is a complex process. Puberty, and the hormones that fuel the physical and psychological changes which are its hallmarks, is generally viewed as a rough and often unpredictable storm that must be weathered by the surrounding adults. The more we learn, however, about the intricate interplay between the endocrine regulators and the endorgan responses to this hormonal symphony, puberty seems less like chaos, and more of an incredible metamorphosis that leads to reproductive capacity and psychosocial maturation. Physically, female puberty is marked by accelerated growth and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Secondary sexual characteristics are those that distinguish two different sexes in a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. Analogies from the animal kingdom include manes in male lions and the elaborate tails of male peacocks. The visible/external sequence of events is generally: breast budding (thelarche), onset of pubic hair (pubarche), maximal growth velocity, menarche, development of axillary hair, attainment of the adult breast type, adult pubic hair pattern. Underlying these external developments is the endocrine axis orchestrating the increase in gonadal steroid production (gonadarche), the increase in adrenal androgen production (adrenarche) and the associated changes in the reproductive tract that allow fertility. Meanwhile, the brain is rapidly adapting to the new hormonal milieu. The extent of variation in this scenario is enormous. On average, the process from accelerated growth and breast budding to menarche is approximately 4.5 years with a range from 1.5 to 6 years. There are differences in timing and expression of maturation based on ethnicity, geography, and genetics. Being familiar with the spectrum that encompasses normal development is Chapter 2 Normal Pubertal Physiology in Females
Cognitive deficits in depression: possible implications for functional neuropathology.

BACKGROUND
While depression is known to involve a disturbance of mood, movement and cognition, its associated cognitive deficits are frequently viewed as simple epiphenomena of the disorder.


AIMS
To review the status of cognitive deficits in depression and their putative neurobiological underpinnings.


METHOD
Selective computerised review of the literature examining cognitive deficits in depression and their brain correlates.


RESULTS
Recent studies report both mnemonic deficits and the presence of executive impairment--possibly selective for set-shifting tasks--in depression. Many studies suggest that these occur independent of age, depression severity and subtype, task 'difficulty', motivation and response bias: some persist upon clinical 'recovery'.


CONCLUSIONS
Mnemonic and executive deficits do no appear to be epiphenomena of depressive disorder. A focus on the interactions between motivation, affect and cognitive function may allow greater understanding of the interplay between key aspects of the dorsal and ventral aspects of the prefrontal cortex in depression.
Varenicline Effects on Smoking, Cognition, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

UNLABELLED
Schizophrenic patients have a high rate of smoking and cognitive deficits which may be related to a decreased number or responsiveness of nicotinic receptors in their brains. Varenicline is a partial nicotinic agonist which is effective as an antismoking drug in cigarette smokers, although concerns have been raised about potential psychiatric side-effects. We conducted a double-blind placebo controlled study in 87 schizophrenic smokers to evaluate the effects of varenicline (2 mg/day) on measures of smoking, cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and side-effects in schizophrenic patients who were cigarette smokers. Varenicline significantly decreased cotinine levels (P<0.001), and other objective and subjective measures of smoking (P < .01), and responses on a smoking urges scale (P = .02), more than placebo. Varenicline did not improve scores on a cognitive battery designed to test the effect of drugs on cognitive performance in schizophrenia (the MATRICS battery), either in overall MATRICS battery Composite or individual Domain scores, more than placebo. There were no significant differences between varenicline vs. placebo effects on total symptom scores on psychiatric rating scales, PANSS, SANS, or Calgary Depression scales, and there were no significant drug effects in any of these scales sub-scores when we used Benjamin-Hochberg corrected significance levels (α = .05). Varenicline patients did not show greater side-effects than placebo treated patients at any time point when controlled for baseline side-effect scores. Our study supports the use of varenicline as a safe drug for smoking reduction in schizophrenia but not as a cognitive enhancer.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov 00802919.
Towards a Framework for Evaluating Mobile Mental Health Apps.

INTRODUCTION
Mobile phones are ubiquitous in society and owned by a majority of psychiatric patients, including those with severe mental illness. Their versatility as a platform can extend mental health services in the areas of communication, self-monitoring, self-management, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the efficacy and reliability of publicly available applications (apps) have yet to be demonstrated. Numerous articles have noted the need for rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and clinical utility of smartphone apps, which are largely unregulated. Professional clinical organizations do not provide guidelines for evaluating mobile apps.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Guidelines and frameworks are needed to evaluate medical apps. Numerous frameworks and evaluation criteria exist from the engineering and informatics literature, as well as interdisciplinary organizations in similar fields such as telemedicine and healthcare informatics.


RESULTS
We propose criteria for both patients and providers to use in assessing not just smartphone apps, but also wearable devices and smartwatch apps for mental health. Apps can be evaluated by their usefulness, usability, and integration and infrastructure. Apps can be categorized by their usability in one or more stages of a mental health provider's workflow.


CONCLUSIONS
Ultimately, leadership is needed to develop a framework for describing apps, and guidelines are needed for both patients and mental health providers.
LCA comparison of container systems in municipal solid waste management.

The planning and design of integrated municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems requires accurate environmental impact evaluation of the systems and their components. This research assessed, quantified and compared the environmental impact of the first stage of the most used MSW container systems. The comparison was based on factors such as the volume of the containers, from small bins of 60-80l to containers of 2400l, and on the manufactured materials, steel and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Also, some parameters such as frequency of collections, waste generation, filling percentage and waste container contents, were established to obtain comparable systems. The methodological framework of the analysis was the life cycle assessment (LCA), and the impact assessment method was based on CML 2 baseline 2000. Results indicated that, for the same volume, the collection systems that use HDPE waste containers had more of an impact than those using steel waste containers, in terms of abiotic depletion, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidation, human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. Besides, the collection systems using small HDPE bins (60l or 80l) had most impact while systems using big steel containers (2400l) had less impact. Subsequent sensitivity analysis about the parameters established demonstrated that they could change the ultimate environmental impact of each waste container collection system, but that the comparative relationship between systems was similar.
Psychometric properties of the abbreviated version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness in Mental Disorder in schizophrenia

BACKGROUND
The Scale to Assess Unawareness in Mental Disorder (SUMD) is widely used in clinical trials and epidemiological studies but more rarely in clinical practice because of its length (74 items). In clinical practice, it is necessary to provide shorter instruments. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the abbreviated version of the SUMD.


METHODS



DESIGN
We used data from four cross-sectional studies conducted in several psychiatric hospitals in France.


INCLUSION CRITERIA
a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on DSM-IV criteria.


DATA COLLECTION
socio-demographic and clinical data (including duration of illness, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale); quality of life; SUMD.


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
confirmatory factor analyses, item-dimension correlations, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Rasch statistics, relationships between the SUMD and other parameters. We tested two different scoring models and considered the response 'not applicable' as '0' or as missing data.


RESULTS
Five hundred and thirty-one patients participated in this study. The 3-factor structure of the SUMD (awareness of the disease, consequences and need for treatment; awareness of positive symptoms; and awareness of negative symptoms) was confirmed using LISREL confirmatory factor analysis for the two models. Internal item consistency and reliability were satisfactory for all dimensions. External validity testing revealed that dimension scores correlated significantly with all PANSS scores, especially with the G12 item (lack of judgement and awareness). Significant associations with age, disease duration, education level, and living arrangements showed good discriminant validity.


CONCLUSION
The abbreviated version of the SUMD appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring insight in patients with schizophrenia and may be used by clinicians to accurately assess insight in clinical settings.
The Theory of Nuclear Forces: Is the Never-Ending Story Coming to an End?

I review the recent progress in our understanding of nuclear forces in terms of an effective field theory (EFT) for low-energy QCD and put this progress into historical perspective. This is followed by an assessment of the current status of EFT based nuclear potentials. In concluding, I will summarize some unresolved issues.
Clinical effectiveness of the Twin block appliance in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion.

UNLABELLED
The aim of the present study was to assess clinical effectiveness of Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment with Twin block appliance.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Analysis of cephalometric radiographs of 34 Class II Division 1 patients treated with Twin block appliance was performed before and after treatment. A control group was generated from the normative growth data published by Bhatia and Leighton. The treatment effect was calculated by subtracting the natural growth change from the treatment change. This was then compared to twice the method error to see if the treatment change was clinically significant.


RESULTS
Mean mandibular length as measured from point Art to point Pog increased by 6.4 mm in the Twin-block group compare with 4.1 mm in the control group. The overjet during treatment was reduced by 4.9 mm. Relative to the maxilla upper incisor tipped backward by 6.7 degrees and in the control group natural growth proclined them by 2.4 degrees. Lower incisor after the treatment tipped forward and the angle between long axis of lower incisor and mandibular plane increased by 3.3 degrees, whereas in the control group they stay almost in the same position, proclination only 0.7 degrees.


CONCLUSIONS
Twin block appliance clinically significantly increases mandibular length (net effect 2.3 mm) and reduce overjet (net effect 4.9 mm). Modification of the Twin block appliance by acrylic extension to cover the edges of lower incisors reduce dentoalveolar tipping and maximize skeletal changes.
Oxidative stress-associated hypertension in surgically induced brain injury patients: effects of β-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

BACKGROUND
Postoperative hypertension is a common problem in patients undergoing surgical procedures, and the modification of this response could result in improved surgical outcome. Although it is recognized that the incidence of postoperative hypertension is higher in neurosurgical procedures, mechanisms behind this are not well understood. Oxidative stress is an important component of brain injury, and free radicals can influence blood pressure by a number of mechanisms. This study examined the effect of pretreatment with antihypertensive agents on postoperative hypertension in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial brain tumors and the role of oxidative stress in the process.


METHODS
Forty-nine consecutive patients who underwent surgery for supratentorial brain tumors were divided in to three groups (control, Tab. Glucose; atenolol; and lisinopril groups). Blood was drawn at three time points (1 d before the surgery, at the time of dura opening, and at the time of extubation). Hemodynamic parameters in all three groups and levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, nitrate, and α-tocopherol in serum at various time points were analyzed.


RESULTS
The results showed that perioperative hemodynamic changes were highly associated with oxidative stress parameters in all the three groups. It was seen that atenolol and lisinopril significantly decreased levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate in the intraoperative period (P < 0.05), an effect which continued postoperatively.


CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate that pretreatment with β-receptor blocker (atenolol) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) reduces postoperative hypertension in patients undergoing neurosurgery, and inhibition of oxidative stress may be a potential mechanism for this effect.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at pregnancy and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study.

BACKGROUND
Several laboratory and epidemiological studies have inversely linked endogenous vitamin D and the risk of breast cancer. The acquisition of vitamin D over time on the relative risk (RR) of the disease development is not known. In a longitudinal study, we evaluated the association between vitamin D levels at pregnancy over time with the risk of breast cancer, and pregnancy-associated breast cancer.


METHOD
The risk for subsequent development of breast cancer associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25-OHD) levels was assessed for consecutive (1st and 2nd pregnancy) samples of 100 cases, with mean lag times (micro(t)) of 7.4 and 4.6 years between sampling and the diagnosis, and matched (parity, age, year, season) controls. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC, 111 case-control pairs, micro(t)=1 year) risk was also studied. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the lowest quintile as the reference.


RESULTS
Serum 25-OHD level was not associated with an increased risk neither at the 1st nor at the 2nd pregnancy samples (OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.6-3.4; OR 1.4, 95%CI 0.7-2.8, respectively), but was associated with an increased risk of PABC (OR=2.7, 95%CI 1.04-6.7).


CONCLUSION
Generally, vitamin D may not be related to breast cancer risk but the increased PABC risk fits the association of vitamin D with the most aggressive cancers, and warrants caution with vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.
Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with anxiety disorders.

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in individuals with anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess mental health-related quality of life (QoL) among individuals with anxiety disorders with and without concurrent cannabis use based on a large representative US sample. Mental health-related QoL of regular cannabis users (N = 144), occasional cannabis users (N = 181) and non-users (N = 4427) was assessed using the Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12). Among individuals with anxiety disorders, mean SF-12 mental summary scores were significantly lower (indicating a lower QoL) among regular, but not occasional, cannabis users (by 0.8 standard deviations (SDs) and 0.6SD for females and males, respectively) compared to non-users. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables and co-morbid mood disorders, regular, but not occasional, cannabis use was associated with lower mental health summary and subscales scores. Out results highlight the importance of taking into account direct functional and emotional outcomes, as well as frequency of cannabis used, when assessing the impact of cannabis use among individuals with anxiety disorders.
Real-Time Action Recognition with Enhanced Motion Vector CNNs

The deep two-stream architecture [23] exhibited excellent performance on video based action recognition. The most computationally expensive step in this approach comes from the calculation of optical flow which prevents it to be real-time. This paper accelerates this architecture by replacing optical flow with motion vector which can be obtained directly from compressed videos without extra calculation. However, motion vector lacks fine structures, and contains noisy and inaccurate motion patterns, leading to the evident degradation of recognition performance. Our key insight for relieving this problem is that optical flow and motion vector are inherent correlated. Transferring the knowledge learned with optical flow CNN to motion vector CNN can significantly boost the performance of the latter. Specifically, we introduce three strategies for this, initialization transfer, supervision transfer and their combination. Experimental results show that our method achieves comparable recognition performance to the state-of-the-art, while our method can process 390.7 frames per second, which is 27 times faster than the original two-stream method.