LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound guidance to perform intra-articular injection of gadolinium-based contrast material for magnetic resonance arthrography as an alternative to fluoroscopy: the time is now

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been definitively established as the reference standard in the evaluation of joints in the body. Similarly, magnetic resonance arthrography has emerged as a technique that has been proven to increase significantly the diagnostic performance if compared with conventional MR imaging, especially when dealing with fibrocartilage and articular cartilage abnormalities. Diluted gadolinium can be injected in the joint space using different approaches: under palpation using anatomic landmarks or using an imaging guidance, such as fluoroscopy, computed tomography, or ultrasound. Fluoroscopy has been traditionally used, but the involvement of ionizing radiation should represent a remarkable limitation of this modality. Conversely, ultrasound has emerged as a feasible, cheap, quick, and radiation-free modality that can be used to inject joints, with comparable accuracy of fluoroscopy. In the present paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using fluoroscopy or ultrasound in injecting gadolinium-based contrast agents in joints to perform magnetic resonance arthrography, also in view of the new EuroSAFE Imaging initiative promoted by the European Society of Radiology and the recent updates to the European Atomic Energy Community 2013/59 directive on the medical use of ionizing radiation. • Intra-articular contrast agent injection can be performed using different imaging modalities • Fluoroscopy is widely used, but uses ionizing radiation • Ultrasound is an accurate, quick, and radiation-free modality for joint injection • X-rays should be avoided when other radiation-free modalities can be used
A case for engineering beyond specialization

This paper discusses about engineering beyond specialization. It is well for many young engineers to approach their training with an open mind about what they will learn and decide if specialization is meant for them.
Multiple UAV deconfliction via navigation functions

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer an unprecedented set of capabilities for many civilian and military missions, including those pertaining to surveillance, monitoring, and detection. In fact, as UAVs continue to become less expensive and easy to operate, they have also become more capable in executing complex mission objectives. In the meantime, the higher levels of maneuverability and dynamic capability for UAVs have necessitated the design of efficient algorithms for conflict resolution among them when operating in close proximity of each other. In this paper, we consider a variant of multiple UAV collision avoidance referred to as the Deconfliction problem. We then proceed to develop a multiple UAV deconfliction algorithm via appropriate navigationor potentialfunctions. The proposed method combines conflict prediction and resolution, navigation, and control of the unmanned flying vehicles while respecting specific mission requirements. Refinements of the basic control module synthesized from the navigation function approach, in terms of augmenting it with a “moving target” and velocity control, are also discussed. A representative set of simulation scenarios concludes the paper.
Measurement properties of Skindex-16: a brief quality-of-life measure for patients with skin diseases.

BACKGROUND
An accurate, sensitive, but brief quality-of-life outcomes measure is needed for studies of dermatologic care.


OBJECTIVE
To construct a single-page version of Skindex (a dermatologic quality-of-life instrument) that would have two new features compared with the current 29-item version: (1) fewer items to which a majority of patients choose the same response, and (2) measurement of bother rather than frequency of patient experiences.


METHODS
Random samples of patients waiting for dermatology appointments in clinics of Veterans Affairs hospitals and in private dermatology practices completed questionnaires; 692 patients responded to the parent instrument and 541 additional patients responded to the brief version. Reproducibility, internal consistency reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the brief version of Skindex were determined.


RESULTS
For 16 items of the current 29-item version (55%), more than 50% of patients responded "Never." After an explicit process of item analysis and elimination, a single-page 16-item version was composed that asks patients about bother from their experiences; responses are reported as three scales, Symptoms, Emotions, and Functioning. For 6 items of the 16-item version (38%), more than 50% of patients responded "Never." Scale scores were reproducible after 72 hours (r = 0.88-0.90) and were internally reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86-0.93). The instrument demonstrated both content and construct validity: Most patients' responses to an open-ended question about their skin disease was addressed by the items; patients with inflammatory dermatoses had higher scores than those with isolated lesions; and in an exploratory principal axes factor analysis with an oblique rotation, 74% of the common variance was explained by three factors that correlated with the a priori scales. Mean scale scores stayed the same or changed in the expected direction in patients who reported that their skin was the same or had improved.


CONCLUSION
This brief single-page version of Skindex accurately and sensitively measures how much patients are bothered by their skin conditions.
Reading Strategy Awareness of Arabic-Speaking Medical Students Studying in English.

Skilled readers are often characterized as more metacognitively aware than less skilled readers. This questionnaire study of 160 students at a medical university in Bahrain compared reported academic reading strategy use of readers at varying initial English proficiency level and year of study. While all students reported high use of strategies overall, significant differences were found in reported use of metacognitive strategies in general and specific strategies related to translating from English to Arabic. Students of low initial English proficiency and those in their first year reported translating more, while upper year students translated less and used more metacognitive strategies. Compared to findings in previous studies using the same self-report questionnaire, reported reading strategy use was generally higher and more similar to other academic readers in an EFL setting than L1 and L2 readers in a US college. Differences in strategies related to translating suggest an area for further investigation. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
IT outsourcing evolution: past, present, and future

To achieve complex solutions in the rapidly changing world of e-commerce, it is impossible to go it alone. This explains the latest trend in IT outsourcing---global and partner-based alliances. But where do we go from here?
PROGRESS ARTICLE

Graphene is the name given to a fl at monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice, and is a basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities (Fig. 1). It can be wrapped up into 0D fullerenes, rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite. Th eoretically, graphene (or ‘2D graphite’) has been studied for sixty years1–3, and is widely used for describing properties of various carbon-based materials. Forty years later, it was realized that graphene also provides an excellent condensed-matter analogue of (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics4–6, which propelled graphene into a thriving theoretical toy model. On the other hand, although known as an integral part of 3D materials, graphene was presumed not to exist in the free state, being described as an ‘academic’ material5 and was believed to be unstable with respect to the formation of curved structures such as soot, fullerenes and nanotubes. Suddenly, the vintage model turned into reality, when free-standing graphene was unexpectedly found three years ago7,8 — and especially when the follow-up experiments9,10 confi rmed that its charge carriers were indeed massless Dirac fermions. So, the graphene ‘gold rush’ has begun.
Estimating river bathymetry from data assimilation of synthetic SWOT measurements

a Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA b School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA c Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA d Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA e Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Wavelet Network Model and Its Application to the Prediction of Hydrology

Based on the multi-time scale and the nonlinear characteristics of the observed time series, a new hybrid model between wavelet analysis and artificial neural network (ANN): wavelet network model, has been suggested. The present model absorbs some merits of wavelet transform and artificial neural network. Case studies, the short and long term prediction of hydrological time series, have been researched. The comparison results revealed that the suggested model could increase the forecasted accuracy and prolong the length time of prediction. The wavelet network model is satisfied. [Nature and Science 2003;1(1):67-71].
Inductive Full Satisfaction Classes

Abstract We give a condition on T ⊇ PA which is equivalent (for countable and recursively saturated M ⊨ T ) to the existence of a full inductive satisfaction class for M . Similarly for Σ n -inductive full satisfaction classes. The condition is in terms of consistency of some system of ω -logic, iterated to the transfinite.
Pathophysiology of congenital heart disease in the adult: part I: Shunt lesions.

Congenital heart disease is common, occurring in ≈8 of 1000 live births.1 With the successes in cardiothoracic surgery over the past 3 decades and the ongoing improvements in the diagnostic, interventional, and critical care skills of pediatric cardiologists, ≈90% of children born with heart defects now survive to adulthood.2 In addition, using improved noninvasive techniques, adult cardiologists are increasingly identifying adults with septal defects that were undiagnosed in childhood. The adult congenital heart disease patients carry a spectrum of disease, from small septal defects and minor valvar obstructions to complex single-ventricle lesions that have been palliated with staged surgical repairs. It is estimated that >1 million adults in the United States now have congenital heart disease, outnumbering their pediatric counterparts for the first time.3,4

While the adult cardiology community struggles with a population that once was the exclusive domain of pediatricians, governmental agencies, national physician associations, and cardiology advisory boards are trying to define the scope of this national healthcare issue and to figure out how to train current and future generations of doctors.5 This specialized cardiac care will require the diagnosis of adult congenital heart disease in patients presenting de novo with new or chronic symptoms, the long-term maintenance of those previously diagnosed, and the ability to recognize when primary or additional interventions are required. As these patients increasingly present to cardiologists’ offices for care, healthcare professionals will need to develop a better level of comfort with adult congenital heart disease.

This 3-part series focuses on the pathophysiology of congenital heart lesions, which are seen commonly in adult patients. In this first portion, simple shunt lesions are reviewed. For each, the natural history and common clinical presentations resulting from the shunt are discussed. A discussion of therapeutic options and the literature supporting these options is …
Knowledge About Breast Cancer and Mammography in Breast Cancer Screening Among Women Awaiting Mammography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge about breast cancer and mammography in breast cancer screening among women awaiting mammographic examination. A cross-sectional survey was carried out of 298 women with an age range of 29-79 years through interview before mammographic examination. The questionnaire was designed specifically for this study, and a total of 100 points was given for all correct answers. Women’s perception of susceptibility to breast cancer, severity of the disease, barriers to breast cancer screening, and perceived benefits of mammography were determined. Their knowledge about the risk factors of breast cancer and self-examination were also assessed. The most striking points in this study were that 95.3% of respondents knew that women should have had periodic mammographic evaluations and 87.6% of them were aware of the fact that mammography could show early occult cancer. However, 47% had never had a mammography screening test. When scoring was done for each correct answer, the mean score was 62.39 ± 14.36. The majority of respondents (71.1%) declared that they practiced breast self-examination and their scores were significantly higher (P = 0.014) than those who did not. Despite expectations, knowledge about breast cancer and mammography screening was not low in the study population, although participation in mammographic screening tests was less than optimal.
Measuring spleen stiffness to predict varices in chronic hepatitis B cirrhotic patients with or without receiving non-selective beta-blockers.

OBJECTIVES
we aimed to investigate the accuracy of liver (LSM) spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) with transient elastography (TE) to predict varices in the presence of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB).


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis, all patients underwent TE and upper endoscopic examinations. LSM and SSM in predicting varices in patients receiving and not receiving NSBB were evaluated.


RESULTS
Altogether 144 CHB patients (29 receiving NSBB; 35 with any varices, 31 and 11 with esophageal and gastric varices, respectively) were recruited. Their mean LSM and SSM were 13.3 ± 9.0 kPa and 32.8 ± 19.2 kPa, respectively. The correlation between LSM and SSM was better in the NSBB subgroup (r = 0.525, P = 0.003) than its counterpart (r = 0.329, P  < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of LSM and SSM for any varices was 0.675 and 0.685 (P = 0.002 and 0.001), respectively. SSM of 18.9 kPa had a negative predictive value of 92.1% and negative likelihood ratio of 0.27 for ruling out any varices; and SSM of 54.9 kPa had a positive predictive value of 56.5% and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.05 to rule in varices. The AUROC of LSM for varices was 0.742 and 0.549 in patients with or without NSBB, respectively; the corresponding AUROC of SSM was 0.572 and 0.603, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
SSM only has modest accuracy to predict varices independent of NSBB use. An SSM cutoff value of 18.9 kPa may be adopted to achieve a high negative predictive value to rule out varices.
Building extraction from high-resolution optical spaceborne images using the integration of support vector machine (SVM) classification, Hough transformation and perceptual grouping

This paper presents an integrated approach for the automatic extraction of rectangularand circularshape buildings from high-resolution optical spaceborne images using the integration of support vector machine (SVM) classification, Hough transformation and perceptual grouping. The building patches are detected from the image using the binary SVM classification. The generated normalized digital surface model (nDSM) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are incorporated in the classification process as additional bands. After detecting the building patches, the building boundaries are extracted through sequential processing of edge detection, Hough transformation and perceptual grouping. Those areas that are classified as building are masked and further processing operations are performed on the masked areas only. The edges of the buildings are detected through an edge detection algorithm that generates a binary edge image of the building patches. These edges are then converted into vector form through Hough transform and the buildings are constructed by means of perceptual grouping. To validate the developed method, experiments were conducted on pan-sharpened and panchromatic Ikonos imagery, covering the selected test areas in Batikent district of Ankara, Turkey. For the test areas that contain industrial buildings, the average building detection percentage (BDP) and quality percentage (QP) values were computed to be 93.45% and 79.51%, respectively. For the test areas that contain residential rectangular-shape buildings, the average BDP and QP values were computed to be 95.34% and 79.05%, respectively. For the test areas that contain residential circular-shape buildings, the average BDP and QP values were found to be 78.74% and 66.81%, respectively. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of postural adjustments during reaching in typically developing infants from 4 to 18 months

Knowledge on the development of postural adjustments during infancy, in particular on the development of postural muscle coordination, is limited. This study aimed at the evaluation of the development of postural control during reaching in a supported sitting condition. Eleven typically developing infants participated in the study and were assessed at the ages of 4, 6, 10 and 18 months. We elicited reaching movements by presenting small toys at an arm’s length distance, whilst activity of multiple arm, neck and trunk muscles was recorded using surface EMG. A model-based computer algorithm was used to detect the onset of phasic muscle activity. The results indicated that postural muscle activity during reaching whilst sitting supported is highly variable. Direction-specific postural activity was inconsistently present from early age onwards and increased between 10 and 18 months without reaching a 100 % consistency. The dominant pattern of activation at all ages was the ‘complete pattern’, in which all direction-specific muscles were recruited. At 4 months, a slight preference for top-down recruitment existed, which was gradually replaced by a preference for bottom-up recruitment. We conclude that postural control during the ecological task of reaching during supported sitting between 4 and 18 months of age is primarily characterized by variation. Already from 4 months onwards, infants are—within the variation—sometimes able to select muscle recruitment strategies that are optimal to the task at hand.
Mental health stigma: what is being done to raise awareness and reduce stigma in South Africa?

OBJECTIVE
Stigma plays a major role in the persistent suffering, disability and economic loss associated with mental illnesses. There is an urgent need to find effective strategies to increase awareness about mental illnesses and reduce stigma and discrimination. This study surveys the existing anti-stigma programmes in South Africa.


METHOD
The World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems Version 2.2 and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on mental health education programmes in South Africa.


RESULTS
Numerous anti-stigma campaigns are in place in both government and non-government organizations across the country. All nine provinces have had public campaigns between 2000 and 2005, targeting various groups such as the general public, youth, different ethnic groups, health care professionals, teachers and politicians. Some schools are setting up education and prevention programmes and various forms of media and art are being utilized to educate and discourage stigma and discrimination. Mental health care users are increasingly getting involved through media and talks in a wide range of settings. Yet very few of such activities are systematically evaluated for the effectiveness and very few are being published in peer-review journals or in reports where experiences and lessons can be shared and potentially applied elsewhere.


CONCLUSION
A pool of evidence for anti-stigma and awareness-raising strategies currently exists that could potentially make a scientific contribution and inform policy in South Africa as well as in other countries.
Randomized pilot test of a simultaneous stage-matched exercise and diet intervention for breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To investigate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a simultaneous stage-matched exercise and diet (SSED) intervention in breast cancer survivors.


DESIGN
Randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
Oncology outpatient treatment clinics at the National Cancer Center in South Korea.


SAMPLE
45 women with breast cancer who completed their cancer therapy.


METHODS
Participants were assigned to the SSED intervention group (n = 23) or a control group (n = 22). Participants in the SSED group received a 12-week individualized intervention promoting prescribed exercise and a balanced diet through stage-matched telephone counseling and a workbook.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Program feasibility, behavioral outcomes (stage of motivational readiness for exercise and diet, physical activity, and diet quality), and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes (functioning and global QOL, fatigue, anxiety, and depression).


FINDINGS
Participant evaluations of the SSED intervention indicated that it was feasible and acceptable. All women felt that the overall intervention contents were appropriate, and 95% believed that the intervention helped to promote healthy behaviors. Objective data also supported the SSED intervention's feasibility (i.e., 91% completed the trial and 100% of intervention calls were received). When compared to control, the SSED intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in motivational readiness for exercise and diet, emotional functioning, fatigue, and depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary results suggest that the SSED intervention delivered via telephone counseling and workbook is feasible and beneficial for positive behavioral and QOL outcomes.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Nurse-led lifestyle interventions may improve QOL for cancer survivors.
A Perspective on Remanufacturing Business: Issues and Opportunities

This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction to Data Mining

an introduction to data mining san jose state university introduction to data mining university of florida introduction to data mining exinfm introduction to data mining introduction to data mining and knowledge discovery lecture notes for chapter 3 introduction to data mining introduction to data mining introduction to data mining pennsylvania state university introduction to data mining tu/e introduction to data mining sas support session