LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Fast One-Step Extraction and UPLC–MS/MS Analysis for E2/D2 Series Prostaglandins and Isoprostanes

Prostaglandins (PG) and isoprostanes (iso-PG) may be derived through cyclooxygenase or free radical pathways and are important signaling molecules that are also robust biomarkers of oxidative stress. Their quantification is important for understanding many biological processes where PG, iso-PG, or oxidative stress are involved. One of the common methods for PG and iso-PG quantifications is LC–MS/MS that allows a highly selective, sensitive, simultaneous analysis for prostanoids without derivatization. However, the currently used LC–MS/MS methods require a multi-step extraction and a long (within an hour) LC separation to achieve simultaneous separation and analysis of the major iso-PG. The developed and validated for brain tissue analysis one-step extraction protocol and UPLC–MS/MS method significantly increases the recovery of the PG extraction up to 95 %, and allows for a much faster (within 4 min) major iso-PGE2 and -PGD2 separation with 5 times narrower chromatographic peaks as compared to previously used methods. In addition, it decreases the time and cost of analysis due to the one-step extraction approach performed in disposable centrifuge tubes. All together, this significantly increases the sensitivity, and the time and cost efficiency of the PG and iso-PG analysis.
Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the L'Aquila district, central Italy.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the L'Aquila district, central Italy.


METHODS
All available case sources were screened. Definite and probable cases of multiple sclerosis, classified according to the Poser criteria, were considered as prevalent cases.


RESULTS
On the prevalence day, 31 December 1996, 158 patients (105 women and 53 men; ratio 2:1) affected by definite (n=131) or probable (n=27) multiple sclerosis were alive and resident in the L'Aquila district. Mean (SD) age was 38.4 (11.9) years (38.9 (11.7) years for women and 38.5 (12.3) years for men, p=0.9). The overall crude prevalence was 53.0/100 000 (95% confidence interval (95% CI)=45.4-62.0); 68.4/100 000 (95% CI=56. 5-82.8) in women, and 36.7/100 000 (95% CI=28.1-48.0) in men. The prevalence was similar (55.9/100 000) when standardised to the 1996 European population. Mean (SD) age at onset of multiple sclerosis was 29.4 (9.6) years and mean (SD) duration of the disease was 9.4 (7.4) years, without any significant difference between sexes. Mean age at onset was significantly higher in patients with the primary progressive than in those with the relapsing-remitting course (p=0. 0002, Scheffé's test).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence found in the L'Aquila district gives support to the consideration of Italy as an area in which multiple sclerosis has been shown to have high prevalence at least in the populations that were surveyed recently.
Operating area of a Switched Reluctance Motor with continuous current operation

This paper shows an operation area consideration of a torque and speed region of a 50kW Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) applications. Increasing a number of turns in stator windings is effective to reduce phase current of SRM at low rotational speed, however, motor output power falls significantly at high speed because of an increased back emf. A continuous current operation can enhance output power at high rotational speed. The continuous current operation can be realized by expanding excitation angle of applied voltage. In this operation, phase current is increased, thus, motor output power is maintained at high rotational speed, which is strongly required in HEV applications. An effectiveness of the continuous current operation is shown for a 50kW SRM aimed for HEV application. The SRM is designed with competitive dimensions, efficiency, weight, voltage and current with respect to HEV IPM motors.
Racial and ethnic variations in one-year clinical and patient-reported outcomes following breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND
Existing studies evaluating racial and ethnic disparities focus on describing differences in procedure type and the proportion of women who undergo reconstruction following mastectomy. This study seeks to examine racial and ethnic variations in clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following breast reconstruction.


METHODS
The Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium is an 11 center, prospective cohort study collecting clinical and PROs following autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction. Mixed-effects regression models, weighted to adjust for non-response, were performed to evaluate outcomes at one-year postoperatively.


RESULTS
The cohort included 2703 women who underwent breast reconstruction. In multivariable models, Hispanic or Latina patients were less likely to experience any complications and major complications. Black or African-American women reported greater improvements in psychosocial and sexual well-being.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite differences in pertinent clinical and socioeconomic variables, racial and ethnic minorities experienced equivalent or better outcomes. These findings provide reassurance in the context of numerous racial and ethnic health disparities and build upon our understanding of the delivery of surgical care to women with or at risk for developing breast cancer.
Sexism in online video games: The role of conformity to masculine norms and social dominance orientation

Sexism toward women in online video game environments has become a pervasive and divisive issue in the gaming community. In this study, we sought to determine what personality traits, demographic variables, and levels of game play predicted sexist attitudes towards women who play video games. Male and female participants (N = 301) who were players of networked video games were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Social dominance orientation and conformity to some types of masculine norms (desire for power over women and the need for heterosexual self-presentation) predicted higher scores on the Video Game Sexism Scale (i.e., greater sexist beliefs about women and gaming). Implications for the social gaming environment and female gamers are discussed. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FUEL Your Life: A Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program to Worksites.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of FUEL Your Life, a translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program for worksites.


DESIGN
A randomized control group design was conducted in five worksites of a large transportation company. Measures were collected pretest, posttest (6 months), and follow-up (12 months).


SETTING
Railroad maintenance facilities of Union Pacific Railroad.


SUBJECTS
Participants consisted of 362 workers (227 treatment, 135 control).


INTERVENTION
FUEL Your Life was translated from the Diabetes Prevention Program to better fit within the context of the worksite. The primary difference was the use of peer health coaches to provide social support and reinforcement and an occupational nurse to provide lesson content (six sessions of 10 minutes) to participants instead of the lifestyle coaches employed by the Diabetes Prevention Program, resulting in a less structured meeting schedule.


MEASURES
The primary outcomes were weight and body mass index (BMI), with secondary outcomes including eating behaviors, physical activity, and social support.


ANALYSIS
Latent growth modeling was used to measure changes in the outcomes over time.


RESULTS
Participants in the intervention group maintained weight/BMI (-.1 pounds/-.1 BMI), whereas the control participants gained weight/BMI (+2.6 pounds/+.3 BMI), resulting in a statistically significant difference between groups. Fifty-five percent of intervention participants lost some weight, whereas only 35% of the control group lost weight.


CONCLUSIONS
FUEL Your Life, a low intensity intervention, was not effective for promoting weight loss, but was effective for helping workers maintain weight over a 12-month period.
Higher order corrections to Z decay

Recent developments in the field of automatic computation of Feynman diagrams using asymptotic expansions are reviewed. The hadronic decay rate of the Z-boson is taken as an example for their physical application.
Hymen : facts and conceptions

The hymen is a membrane, partially closing the external vaginal opening. Until now, many myths regarding its anatomy exist but are based primarily on dogma and lack of scientific knowledge.1 In conservative cultures, its presence without rupture in a premarital girl represents an indication of her pride and honor. According to Arab customs, woman who is not found to be virgin on her wedding night will bring a great shame on her family. She might be killed by her brothers, uncles or even her father, thereby "cleansing the shame". Although such murders are illegal, the perpetrators escape prosecution because the tribal customs that underpin these actions are so strong.2 Also, the husband might kill his bride, if he does not notice a bleeding as a result of defloration. In such cultures, the traditional proof of virginity is the occurrence of bleeding from ruptured hymen on wedding night. Therefore, the ignorance about structure of the hymen can lead to violence, such as 'honor killing' as well as psychological problems including suicidal feelings. Meanwhile, the physician’s testimony about the appearance of the genitalia may be one of the key factors which determine the outcome of such cases.3 Therefore, the clinician should be familiar with normal prepubertal genital anatomy and hymenal configuration.4 The current review aimed to highlight anatomy of the hymen for medical practitioners and to eliminate misconceptions of some population about virginity that might represent a matter of life and death.
Evaluating Cooperation in Group Work

Several researchers in the area of cooperative work take as a success criterion the quality of the group outcome. Nevertheless, recent findings are giving more importance to the quality of “cooperation process” itself. This paper presents the design of a software tool that allow us to capture information concerned with the group work. Besides to reveal the final quality of the group outcome, this information permit us to verify the presence of a cooperation indicators, which in turn allow us to determine the quality of the work process. A conducted experiment is described, and the obtained data is discussed, comparing the quality of the collaboration process with the quality of the results obtained by the groups.
Optimizing Quantiles in Preference-based Markov Decision Processes

In the Markov decision process model, policies are usually evaluated by expected cumulative rewards. As this decision criterion is not always suitable, we propose in this paper an algorithm for computing a policy optimal for the quantile criterion. Both finite and infinite horizons are considered. Finally we experimentally evaluate our approach on random MDPs and on a data center control problem.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on ST36 and SP6 acupoints prevents hyperglycaemic response during anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Hyperglycaemia is a common result of stress signals caused by pain and surgical procedure. Volatile anaesthetics also directly manipulate glucose homeostasis by affecting pancreatic insulin release and induce hyperglycaemia without surgical stress. We determined the preoperative application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to the Chinese acupoints ST36 (Zusanli) and SP6 (Sanyinjiao) as a complementary therapy for controlling plasma glucose and improving insulin resistance during anaesthesia.


METHODS
We designed a single-blind, randomised controlled clinical study of female patients, scheduled for elective hysterectomy. The 52 patients consented to enrolment and were assigned to receive either TENS (n = 26) on bilateral ST36 and SP6 acupoints with continuous mode at a frequency of 15 Hz and the intensity of 10 mA synchronously for 30 min or non-stimulation (placebo group, n = 26) preoperatively. Haemodynamics, blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured during general anaesthesia.


RESULTS
At baseline, there was no significant difference between the TENS group and the placebo group in plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. In the placebo group, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA index increased during induction of general anaesthesia, surgical incision, and throughout the operation. Plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as HOMA index were significantly lower in the TENS group as compared to the placebo group at different time points after discontinuation of TENS application. These results indicate the positive effect of prevention of hyperglycaemia and the increased sensitivity of plasma insulin in the TENS group.


CONCLUSION
We found TENS at bilateral ST36 and SP6 acupoints to be an alternative means of managing the plasma glucose level and improving insulin resistance perioperatively.
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Drug-Eluting Balloons Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With In-Stent Restenosis of Drug-Eluting Stents: The RIBS IV Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND
Treatment of patients with drug-eluting stent (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a major challenge.


OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the comparative efficacy of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) and everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in patients presenting with DES-ISR.


METHODS
The study design of this multicenter randomized clinical trial assumed superiority of EES for the primary endpoint, in-segment minimal lumen diameter at the 6- to 9-month angiographic follow-up.


RESULTS
A total of 309 patients with DES-ISR from 23 Spanish university hospitals were randomly allocated to DEB (n = 154) or EES (n = 155). At late angiography (median 247 days; 90% of eligible patients), patients in the EES arm had a significantly larger minimal lumen diameter (2.03 ± 0.7 mm vs. 1.80 ± 0.6 mm; p < 0.01) (absolute mean difference: 0.23 mm; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.38) [corrected], net lumen gain (1.28 ± 0.7 mm vs. 1.01 ± 0.7 mm; p < 0.01), and lower percent diameter stenosis (23 ± 22% vs. 30 ± 22%; p < 0.01) and binary restenosis rate (11% vs. 19%; p = 0.06), compared with patients in the DEB arm. Consistent results were observed in the in-lesion analysis. At the 1-year clinical follow-up (100% of patients), the main clinical outcome measure (composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) was significantly reduced in the EES arm (10% vs. 18%; p = 0.04; hazard ratio: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.98), mainly driven by a lower need for target vessel revascularization (8% vs. 16%; p = 0.035).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with DES-ISR, EES provided superior long-term clinical and angiographic results compared with DEB. (Restenosis Intra-Stent of Drug-Eluting Stents: Drug-Eluting Balloon vs Everolimus-Eluting Stent [RIBS IV]; NCT01239940).
Facial Emotional Expressions of Li fe-like Character Based on Text Classifier and Fuzzy Logic

A system consists of a text classifier and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to build a life-like virtual character capable of expressing emotion from a text input is proposed. The system classifies emotional content of sentence(s) from text input and expresses corresponding emotion by a facial expression. Text input is classified using the text classifier, while facial expression of the life-like character are controlled by FIS utilizing results from the text classifier. A number of text classifier methods are employed and their performances are evaluated using Leave-One-Out Cross Validation. In real world application such as animation movie, the lifelike virtual character of proposed system needs to be animated. As a demonstration, examples of facial expressions with corresponding text input as results from the implementation of our system are shown. The system is able to show facial expressions with admixture blending emotions. This paper also describes animation characteristics of the system using neutral expression as center of facial expression transition from one emotion to another. Emotion transition can be viewed as gradual decrease or increase of emotion intensity from one emotion toward other emotion. Experimental results show that animation of lifelike character expressing emotion transition can be generated automatically using proposed system.
Regional oxygen saturation index (rSO2) in brachioradialis and deltoid muscle. Correlation and prognosis in patients with respiratory sepsis.

OBJECTIVE
To compare oxygen saturation index (rSO2) obtained simultaneously in two different brachial muscles.


DESIGN
Prospective and observational study.


SETTING
Intensive care unit.


PATIENTS
Critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.


INTERVENTIONS
Two probes of NIRS device (INVOS 5100) were simultaneously placed on the brachioradialis (BR) and deltoid (D) muscles.


VARIABLES
rSO2 measurements were recorded at baseline (ICU admission) and at 24h. Demographic and clinical variables were registered. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between continuous variables. The consistency of the correlation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot. The predictive value of the rSO2 for mortality was calculated by ROC curve.


RESULTS
Nineteen patients were included with an ICU mortality of 21.1%. The rSO2 values at baseline and at 24h were significantly higher in D than in BR muscle. Values obtained simultaneously in both limbs showed a strong correlation and adequate consistency: BR (r=0.95; p<0.001; ICC=0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; p<0.001), D (r=0.88; p=0.01; ICC=0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90; p>0.001) but a wide limit of agreement. Non-survivors had rSO2 values significantly lower than survivors at all times of the study. No patient with rSO2 >60% in BR died, and only 17.6% died with an rSO2 value >60% in D. Both muscles showed consistent discriminatory power for mortality.


CONCLUSION
Both BR and D muscles were appropriate for measuring rSO2.
Relationships between work environment factors and workers' well-being in the maritime industry.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine whether physical and psychosocial work factors are related to the levels of job satisfaction and intentions to leave in the maritime industry, and to determine whether there exist cross-cultural differences in work factors, job satisfaction and intentions to leave between European and Filipino crew members.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Using a cross-sectional survey design, the variables were assessed in a sample of 541 seafarers from 2 large Norwegian shipping companies. Work factors included safety perceptions,leadership, job demands, harassment, and team cohesion.


RESULTS
The findings show that physical and psychosocial work factors are important correlates of both intentions to leave and job satisfaction, with safety perceptions, job demands, and team cohesion as the strongest and most consistent factors. As for cross-cultural differences, the findings show that European and Filipino respondents differ with regard to safety perceptions, laissez-faire leadership, authentic leadership,exposure to harassment, team cohesion, and intentions to leave. No differences were established with regard to overall job satisfaction.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings support occupational stress models which emphasise the importance of situational factors in the understanding of well-being among workers. Shipping companies should therefore always take these factors into consideration when developing and implementing interventions aimed at improving employee well-being.
Living a Fast Life The Dark Triad and Life History Theory

The current research applied a mid-level evolutionary theory that has been successfully employed across numerous animal species—life history theory—in an attempt to understand the Dark Triad personality trait cluster (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism). In Study 1 (N=246), a measure of life history strategy was correlated with psychopathy, but unexpectedly with neither Machiavellianism nor narcissism. Study 2 (N=321) replicated this overall pattern of results using longer, traditional measures of the Dark Triad traits and alternative, future-discounting indicators of life history strategy (a smaller-sooner, larger-later monetary dilemma and self-reported risk-taking behaviors). Additional findings suggested two sources of shared variance across the Dark Triad traits: confidence in predicting future outcomes and openness to short-term mating.
Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review

Hydroxycinnamic acid compounds are an important source of antioxidants due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the plant kingdom and their characteristic activities. Due to their antioxidant activity, several researchers have attributed a probable role of these compounds in the prevention of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence suggests that these compounds may also act by other mechanisms in addition to the antioxidant capacity as modulating the activity of some specific enzymes and inhibit cell proliferation. This paper is a comprehensive review of the effects of hydroxycinnamic acids on cancer. The review encompasses the occurrence and bioavailability of these compounds evidences for their effects on cancer and the various mechanisms by which may exert their effects. There are several common mechanisms by which these chemicals exert their effects that could be conducive to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. These include effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; effects on proteins and enzymes that are involved in these processes at a molecular level, and other various effects through altered immune function and chemical metabolism.
Antenna Miniaturization Techniques: A Review of Topology- and Material-Based Methods

Antenna miniaturization has been the subject of numerous studies for almost 70 years [1]-[4]. Early studies showed that a decrease in the size of an antenna results in a direct reduction in its bandwidth and efficiency (hr) [1], [2]. The size limitation translates into a lower boundary on the achievable radiation quality factor (Q factor) and consequently on the maximum achievable impedance bandwidth. Recently, many new investigations have been conducted to reduce the form factor (or the overall size) of different types of antennas while trying to maintain acceptable matching properties and operating bandwidth. These miniaturization techniques are generally related to changing the electrical and physical properties of an antenna.
Towards a hybrid approach to Netflix Challenge

Today Recommendation systems [3] have become indispensible because of the sheer bulk of information made available to a user from web-services(Netflix, IMDB, Amazon and many others) and the need for personalized suggestions. Recommendation systems are a well studied research area. In the following work, we present our study on the Netflix Challenge [1]. The Neflix Challenge can be summarized in the following way: ”Given a movie, predict the rating of a particular user based on the user’s prior ratings”. The performance of all such approaches is measured using the RMSE (root mean-squared error) of the submitted ratings from the actual ratings. Currently, the best system has an RMSE of 0.8616 [2]. We obtained ratings from the following approaches: