LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Timing of renal replacement therapy initiation in acute renal failure: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
Some studies have suggested that early institution of renal replacement therapy (RRT) might be associated with improved outcomes in patients with acute renal failure (ARF).


STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort comparative studies to assess the effect of early RRT on mortality in patients with ARF.


SETTING & POPULATION
Hospitalized adult patients with ARF.


SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES
We searched several databases for studies that compared the effect of "early" and "late" RRT initiation on mortality in patients with ARF. We included studies of various designs.


INTERVENTION
Early RRT as defined in the individual studies.


OUTCOMES
The primary outcome measure was the effect of early RRT on mortality stratified by study design. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for mortality was compiled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by means of subgroup analysis and meta-regression.


RESULTS
We identified 23 studies (5 randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials, 1 prospective and 16 retrospective comparative cohort studies, and 1 single-arm study with a historic control group). By using meta-analysis of randomized trials, early RRT was associated with a nonsignificant 36% mortality risk reduction (RR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 1.05; P = 0.08). Conversely, in cohort studies, early RRT was associated with a statistically significant 28% mortality risk reduction (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). The overall test for heterogeneity among cohort studies was significant (P = 0.005). Meta-regression yielded no significant associations; however, early dialysis therapy was associated more strongly with lower mortality in smaller studies (n < 100) by means of subgroup analysis.


LIMITATIONS
Paucity of randomized controlled trials, use of variable definitions of early RRT, and publication bias preclude definitive conclusions.


CONCLUSION
This hypothesis-generating meta-analysis suggests that early initiation of RRT in patients with ARF might be associated with improved survival, calling for an adequately powered randomized controlled trial to address this question.
Matching Books and Readers: Selecting Literature for English Learners

Students learning English as a new language are the fastest growing group in U.S. schools today. These learners come from a multitude of countries and backgrounds. They speak many languages, and their reading levels range from preschool to high school. These students do not have the luxury of an extended time frame to become accustomed to their new language. They experience great cognitive demands as they are asked to quickly learn both language and content in order to participate fully in the school curriculum. The term English learner is used here to represent individuals who are in the process of learning English after learning a first or other language. Although second-language learner is another term often used to refer to English-language learners, it is not always an accurate label because English may not be the second language to be learned by the individual. As Freeman, Freeman, and Mercuri (2002, p. xiii) have noted,
The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential

BACKGROUND
The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is one of the world's oldest nationwide hospital registries and is used extensively for research. Many studies have validated algorithms for identifying health events in the DNPR, but the reports are fragmented and no overview exists.


OBJECTIVES
To review the content, data quality, and research potential of the DNPR.


METHODS
We examined the setting, history, aims, content, and classification systems of the DNPR. We searched PubMed and the Danish Medical Journal to create a bibliography of validation studies. We included also studies that were referenced in retrieved papers or known to us beforehand. Methodological considerations related to DNPR data were reviewed.


RESULTS
During 1977-2012, the DNPR registered 8,085,603 persons, accounting for 7,268,857 inpatient, 5,953,405 outpatient, and 5,097,300 emergency department contacts. The DNPR provides nationwide longitudinal registration of detailed administrative and clinical data. It has recorded information on all patients discharged from Danish nonpsychiatric hospitals since 1977 and on psychiatric inpatients and emergency department and outpatient specialty clinic contacts since 1995. For each patient contact, one primary and optional secondary diagnoses are recorded according to the International Classification of Diseases. The DNPR provides a data source to identify diseases, examinations, certain in-hospital medical treatments, and surgical procedures. Long-term temporal trends in hospitalization and treatment rates can be studied. The positive predictive values of diseases and treatments vary widely (<15%-100%). The DNPR data are linkable at the patient level with data from other Danish administrative registries, clinical registries, randomized controlled trials, population surveys, and epidemiologic field studies - enabling researchers to reconstruct individual life and health trajectories for an entire population.


CONCLUSION
The DNPR is a valuable tool for epidemiological research. However, both its strengths and limitations must be considered when interpreting research results, and continuous validation of its clinical data is essential.
Oral Syphilis: a retrospective analysis of 12 cases and a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE
To present a retrospective analysis of multicentre case series of oral syphilis and a review of relevant literature.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A PUBMED search was carried out from 1950 to 2011. Clinical records of patients with exclusive/prevalent oral manifestations of syphilis were collected and examined in three independent hospitals.


RESULTS
Of 23 reports describing 34 patients were detected through the review (35% primary, 56% secondary, and 9% tertiary disease), describing unspecific ulcers (59%), mucosal patches (23%), keratosis (6%), pseudomembranes (3%), and gumma (9%). Multicentre case series revealed 12 patients with oral syphilis, of which 17%, 58%, and 25% with, respectively, primary, secondary, and tertiary lesions. Clinically, patients showed white patches (17%), blistering mucositis (8%), chronic unspecific ulcers with/without skin lesions (50%), gumma (17%), and necrosis of the dorsum of the tongue (8%). Oral bullae and tongue necrosis are never described in the current review.


CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis of syphilis remains a challenge because of the multiform and polymorphous clinical pattern at onset and its ability to imitate different diseases. It is mandatory to include syphilis in the differential diagnosis of unusual oral lesions. Diagnosis of oral lesions of syphilis is often difficult, and biopsy is required in controversial cases.
Impact of iron sucrose therapy on leucocyte surface molecules and reactive oxygen species in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that iron increases oxidative stress and that an excess of iron contributes to cardiovascular disease and infections in haemodialysis patients. In the present study, the effects of parenterally administered iron on leucocyte surface molecule expression and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated.


METHODS
Ten chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients without iron overload were studied. To each patient, four different regimens were applied: placebo; iron sucrose, either 30 or 100 mg, administered via the outflow dialyser line; and 100 mg of iron sucrose infused via the inflow dialyser line. Blood was sampled at different time points: before, during and after infusion and immediately before the next dialysis session. Levels of CD11b and CD45 expression on granulocytes and of CD11b, CD14 and CD36 on monocytes were determined using flow cytometric analysis. The generation of ROS was quantified using chemiluminescence with and without ex vivo stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).


RESULTS
No significant differences among the four different treatment regimes were found, neither in chemilumescence activity nor in the expression of CD11b and CD45 on granulocytes, and of CD11b, CD14 and CD36 on monocytes.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that parenteral infusion of iron sucrose during haemodialysis in patients who have no signs of iron overload has no significant effect on the expression of leucocyte surface molecules and does not increase production of ROS.
Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire data on alcoholic violent offenders: specific connections to severe impulsive cluster B personality disorders and violent criminality

BACKGROUND
The validity of traditional categorical personality disorder diagnoses is currently re-evaluated from a continuous perspective, and the evolving DSM-V classification may describe personality disorders dimensionally. The utility of dimensional personality assessment, however, is unclear in violent offenders with severe personality pathology.


METHODS
The temperament structure of 114 alcoholic violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) was compared to 84 offenders without ASPD, and 170 healthy controls. Inclusion occurred during a court-ordered mental examination preceded by homicide, assault, battery, rape or arson. Participants underwent assessment of temperament with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and were diagnosed with DSM-III-R criteria.


RESULTS
The typical temperament profile in violent offender having ASPD comprised high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, and low reward dependence. A 21% minority scored low in trait harm avoidance. Results, including the polarized harm avoidance dimension, are in accordance with Cloninger's hypothesis of dimensional description of ASPD. The low harm avoidance offenders committed less impulsive violence than high harm avoidance offenders. High harm avoidance was associated with comorbid antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.


CONCLUSION
Results indicate that the DSM based ASPD diagnosis in alcoholic violent offenders associates with impulsiveness and high novelty seeking but comprises two different types of ASPD associated with distinct second-order traits that possibly explain differences in type of violent criminality. Low harm avoidance offenders have many traits in common with high scorers on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Results link high harm avoidance with broad personality pathology and argue for the usefulness of self-report questionnaires in clinical praxis.
Diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the world. Both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 diabetes are commonly complicated by peripheral nerve disorders. Two main types of neuropathy are observed: the most common is a nerve fiber length-dependent, distal symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy with little motor involvement but frequent, and potentially life threatening, autonomic dysfunction. Alteration of temperature and pain sensations in the feet is an early manifestation of diabetic polyneuropathy. The second pattern is a focal neuropathy, which more commonly complicates or reveals type 2 diabetes. Poor diabetic control increases the risk of neuropathy with subsequent neuropathic pains and trophic changes in the feet, which can be prevented by education of patients.
Circuit breaker protection considerations in power converter-fed DC Systems

Considerations in applying circuit breaker protection to DC systems are capacitive discharge, circuit breaker coordination and impacts of double ground faults. Test and analysis results show the potential for equipment damage. Solutions are proposed at the cost of increased integration between power conversion and protection systems.
Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review

BACKGROUND
In 2010, the World Health Organization published benchmarks for training in osteopathy in which osteopathic visceral techniques are included. The purpose of this study was to identify and critically appraise the scientific literature concerning the reliability of diagnosis and the clinical efficacy of techniques used in visceral osteopathy.


METHODS
Databases MEDLINE, OSTMED.DR, the Cochrane Library, Osteopathic Research Web, Google Scholar, Journal of American Osteopathic Association (JAOA) website, International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (IJOM) website, and the catalog of Académie d'ostéopathie de France website were searched through December 2017. Only inter-rater reliability studies including at least two raters or the intra-rater reliability studies including at least two assessments by the same rater were included. For efficacy studies, only randomized-controlled-trials (RCT) or crossover studies on unhealthy subjects (any condition, duration and outcome) were included. Risk of bias was determined using a modified version of the quality appraisal tool for studies of diagnostic reliability (QAREL) in reliability studies. For the efficacy studies, the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess their methodological design. Two authors performed data extraction and analysis.


RESULTS
Eight reliability studies and six efficacy studies were included. The analysis of reliability studies shows that the diagnostic techniques used in visceral osteopathy are unreliable. Regarding efficacy studies, the least biased study shows no significant difference for the main outcome. The main risks of bias found in the included studies were due to the absence of blinding of the examiners, an unsuitable statistical method or an absence of primary study outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the systematic review lead us to conclude that well-conducted and sound evidence on the reliability and the efficacy of techniques in visceral osteopathy is absent.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The review is registered PROSPERO 12th of December 2016. Registration number is CRD4201605286 .
Abstract and Concrete Categories - The Joy of Cats

and Concrete Categories The Joy of Cats Dedicated to Bernhard Banaschewski The newest edition of the file of the present book can be downloaded from http://katmat.math.uni-bremen.de/acc The authors are grateful for any improvements, corrections, and remarks, and can be reached at the addresses Jǐŕı Adámek, email: adamek@iti.cs.tu-bs.de Horst Herrlich, email: horst.herrlich@t-online.de George E. Strecker, email: strecker@math.ksu.edu All corrections will be awarded, besides eternal gratefulness, with a piece of delicious cake! You can claim your cake at the KatMAT Seminar, University of Bremen, at any Tuesday (during terms). Copyright c © 2004 Jǐŕı Adámek, Horst Herrlich, and George E. Strecker. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. See p. 512 ff.
Vulnerability assessment and earthquake damage scenarios of the bu stock of Potenza ( Southern Italy ) using Italian and Greek methodolog

The prevailing Italian and Greek methodologies for seismic risk assessment are used herein to construct loss scenarios for the bu of a small city (Potenza, Southern Italy). The inventory of buildings of interest is obtained from a survey carried out after the 1990 earthq struck Potenza and its hinterland, subsequently updated in 1999. About 12,000 buildings were surveyed in Potenza, using the Italia survey form for damage and vulnerability evaluation. In the Italian methodology, a hybrid technique is set up to evaluate vulnerability, co an analysis of building typologies with expert judgement. The probabilistic distribution of damage is evaluated by assigning Damage P Matrices (DPMs) from the literature. Besides the vulnerability classes A, B and C of the MSK-scale, the class D of the anti-seismic is considered and the relevant DPM is defined. Damage and economic loss scenarios relevant to dwelling buildings are constructe reference earthquakes. Next, the hybrid methodology for seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete (R/C) and masonr developed at the University of Thessaloniki (Greece) is applied to the same building stock. The methodology combines available statist damage collected after past earthquakes with a systematic nonlinear analysis of various “model buildings”, representative of several vu ty classes. Similarities, as well as discrepancies, between the two methods are discussed in the light of the obtained results, and possibl the discrepancies are suggested. c © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regularity and Conformity: Location Prediction Using Heterogeneous Mobility Data

Mobility prediction enables appealing proactive experiences for location-aware services and offers essential intelligence to business and governments. Recent studies suggest that human mobility is highly regular and predictable. Additionally, social conformity theory indicates that people's movements are influenced by others. However, existing approaches for location prediction fail to organically combine both the regularity and conformity of human mobility in a unified model, and lack the capacity to incorporate heterogeneous mobility datasets to boost prediction performance. To address these challenges, in this paper we propose a hybrid predictive model integrating both the regularity and conformity of human mobility as well as their mutual reinforcement. In addition, we further elevate the predictive power of our model by learning location profiles from heterogeneous mobility datasets based on a gravity model. We evaluate the proposed model using several city-scale mobility datasets including location check-ins, GPS trajectories of taxis, and public transit data. The experimental results validate that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for mobility prediction in terms of multiple metrics such as accuracy and percentile rank. The results also suggest that the predictability of human mobility is time-varying, e.g., the overall predictability is higher on workdays than holidays while predicting users' unvisited locations is more challenging for workdays than holidays.
Phoolproof Phishing Prevention

Phishing, or web spoofing, is a growing problem: the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) received almost 14,000 unique phishing reports in A ugust 2005, a 56% jump over the number of reports in December 2004 [3]. For finan cial institutions, phishing is a particularly insidious problem, since trust forms the fou ndation for customer relationships, and phishing attacks undermine confidence in an institution. Phishing attacks succeed by exploiting a user’s inability to distinguish legitimate s ites from spoofed sites. Most prior research focuses on assisting the use r in making this distinction; however, users must make the right security decision every time. Unfortunately, humans are ill-suited for performing the security checks necess ary for secure site identification, and a single mistake may result in a total compromise of the use r’s online account. Fundamentally, users should be authenticated using informa tion that they cannot readily reveal to malicious parties. Placing less reliance on the use r d ring the authentication process will enhance security and eliminate many forms of f raud. We propose using a trusted device to perform mutual authentication that elim inates reliance on perfect user behavior, thwarts Man-in-the-Middle attacks a fter setup, and protects a user’s account even in the presence of keyloggers and mo st forms of spyware. We demonstrate the practicality of our system with a prototype implementation.
Audio Fingerprinting: Concepts And Applications

An audio fingerprint is a compact digest derived from perceptually relevant aspects of a recording. Fingerprinting technologies allow the monitoring of audio content without the need of meta-data or watermark embedding. However, additional uses exist for audio fingerprinting and some are reviewed in this article.
Holistic Neural Network for CTR Prediction

This paper proposes HNN, a holistic neural network structure for click-through rate (CTR) prediction in recommender systems. Empirically, equipped with HNN, the performance of deep neural networks for CTR prediction are improved on Criteo and Huawei App Store datasets.
Detection and tracking of human legs for a mobile service robot

Many service robots and various service modules are being developed. Robots for services, such as guiding, escorting, and nursing, require human-friendly navigation, which is an appropriate objective of interaction. This paper proposes a method for a mobile robot to detect a human leg and to follow the human for interaction with him/her. Most human-tracking schemes in mobile robots utilize vision sensors and laser range scanners. Generally, mobile robots confirm the distance to a human through a laser range scanner after recognizing the human by vision. Our approach clearly reveals the attributes of a human leg through one laser range scanner which is used to detect obstacles and localize. Using attributes that have been experimentally obtained by the accuracy range data with a laser range scanner; we have striven for robots to be able to distinguish legs in their environment. We have applied our suggested walking model for the case where mobile robots lost track of the target person's legs and failed to detect those legs.
Indicators of suboptimal performance embedded in the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV).

INTRODUCTION
Recognition and visual working memory tasks from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) have previously been documented as useful indicators for suboptimal performance. The present study examined the clinical utility of the Dutch version of the WMS-IV (WMS-IV-NL) for the identification of suboptimal performance using an analogue study design.


METHOD
The patient group consisted of 59 mixed-etiology patients; the experimental malingerers were 50 healthy individuals who were asked to simulate cognitive impairment as a result of a traumatic brain injury; the last group consisted of 50 healthy controls who were instructed to put forth full effort.


RESULTS
Experimental malingerers performed significantly lower on all WMS-IV-NL tasks than did the patients and healthy controls. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the experimental malingerers and the patients. The first model contained the visual working memory subtests (Spatial Addition and Symbol Span) and the recognition tasks of the following subtests: Logical Memory, Verbal Paired Associates, Designs, Visual Reproduction. The results showed an overall classification rate of 78.4%, and only Spatial Addition explained a significant amount of variation (p < .001). Subsequent logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis supported the discriminatory power of the subtest Spatial Addition. A scaled score cutoff of <4 produced 93% specificity and 52% sensitivity for detection of suboptimal performance.


CONCLUSION
The WMS-IV-NL Spatial Addition subtest may provide clinically useful information for the detection of suboptimal performance.