LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mammillenschatten im Röntgenbilde

F a l l 1. Frau H., Hausfrau, 45 Jahre. Mutter yon 4 Kindern. Lungentuberkulose I. Grades; Tabes dorsalis. S t a t u s beim Eintr i t t : Kleine Frau yon mittlerem Ernii, hrungszustand. Der Thorax ist schleeht entwickelt; Supraund Infraklavikulargruben sind beiderseits tier eingesunken. Die Briiste sind klein, schlaff und h~ngen herunter. Die Mammillen sind sehr stark entwickelt. I. R i i n t g e n b i l d vom 15. 6. 1921. Dorso-ventrale Aufnahme. Es zeigt uns einen schmalen, schlecht entwickelten Thorax. Die I. C. R. sind auf der 1. Seite schm~ler als r. L i n k s : ])er Hilus zeigt einige kleine Schatten, yon denen aus feine Strange nach oben und nach unten verlaufen. Abw~rts neben dem Herzschatten zieht ein derberer Strang. Auf der V. Rippe vorn, ziemlich genau in der Mitre zwischen Wirbelsi~ule und lateraler Thoraxwand findet sich ein fast kreisAbb. 1. runder Schatten yon 1,1 cm Durchmesser. Der Schatten iiberragt die R/~nder der V. Rippe nicht. Um diesen Schatten herum verl~uft ein ca. 1 mm breiter hellerer ringfSrmiger Streifen, auf den nach aul~en der Rippenschatten folgt. Zwei Querfinger unterhalb dieses kleinen Schattens ist der untere Rand der Mamma deutlich sichtbar. ]:)as H e r z ist nach beiden Seiten verbreitert . R e c h t s : Die Spitze ist leicht abgeschattet, der YIilus ausgepr~gter als 1. Naeh unten ziehen einige feine Str/~nge. Im Schatten der V. Rippe vorn finder sieh wie 1. ungef~hr in dvr Mitre zwischen Wirbelsiiule und lateraler Thoraxwand ein dem linksseitigen Schatten entsprechender vollkommen kreisrunder Fleck mit dem ])urchmesser 1,2 cm, der die Rippenr/s nicht iiberragt. Um ihn herum zieht sich ein hellerer Ring, auf den nach aullen der Rippenschatten folgt. Der untere Rand der r. Mamma ist deutlich. W~hrend der 1. Schatten gleichm~flig erscheint, findet sich im Schatten r. in der Mitte eine etwas hellere Partie (Abb. 1).
Transforming decision-making processes: a research agenda for understanding the impact of business analytics on organisations

Much attention is currently being paid in both the academic and practitioner literatures to the value that organisations could create through the use of big data and business analytics (Gillon et al, 2012; Mithas et al, 2013). For instance, Chen et al (2012, p. 1166–1168) suggest that business analytics and related technologies can help organisations to ‘better understand its business and markets’ and ‘leverage opportunities presented by abundant data and domain-specific analytics’. Similarly, LaValle et al (2011, p. 22) report that topperforming organisations ‘make decisions based on rigorous analysis at more than double the rate of lower performing organisations’ and that in such organisations analytic insight is being used to ‘guide both future strategies and day-to-day operations’. We argue here that while there is some evidence that investments in business analytics can create value, the thesis that ‘business analytics leads to value’ needs deeper analysis. In particular, we argue here that the roles of organisational decision-making processes, including resource allocation processes and resource orchestration processes (Helfat et al, 2007; Teece, 2009), need to be better understood in order to understand how organisations can create value from the use of business analytics. Specifically, we propose that the firstorder effects of business analytics are likely to be on decision-making processes and that improvements in organisational performance are likely to be an outcome of superior decision-making processes enabled by business analytics. This paper is set out as follows. Below, we identify prior research traditions in the Information Systems (IS) literature that discuss the potential of data and analytics to create value. This is to put into perspective the current excitement around ‘analytics’ and ‘big data’, and to position those topics within prior research traditions. We then draw on a number of existing literatures to develop a research agenda to understand the relationship between business analytics, decision-making processes and organisational performance. Finally, we discuss how the three papers in this Special Issue advance the research agenda. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication Details Sharma, R., Mithas, S. and Kankanhalli, A. (2014). Transforming decision-making processes: a research agenda for understanding the impact of business analytics on organisations. European Journal of Information Systems, 23 (4), 433-441. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/3231 EJISEditorialFinal 16 May 2014 RS.docx       1 of 17
Automatic Keyphrase Extraction by Bridging Vocabulary Gap

Keyphrase extraction aims to select a set of terms from a document as a short summary of the document. Most methods extract keyphrases according to their statistical properties in the given document. Appropriate keyphrases, however, are not always statistically significant or even do not appear in the given document. This makes a large vocabulary gap between a document and its keyphrases. In this paper, we consider that a document and its keyphrases both describe the same object but are written in two different languages. By regarding keyphrase extraction as a problem of translating from the language of documents to the language of keyphrases, we use word alignment models in statistical machine translation to learn translation probabilities between the words in documents and the words in keyphrases. According to the translation model, we suggest keyphrases given a new document. The suggested keyphrases are not necessarily statistically frequent in the document, which indicates that our method is more flexible and reliable. Experiments on news articles demonstrate that our method outperforms existing unsupervised methods on precision, recall and F-measure.
Multimodality : a social semiotic approach to contemporary communication

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Representing indoor location of objects on wearable computers with head-mounted displays

With head-mounted displays becoming more ubiquitous, the vision of extending human object search capabilities using a wearable system becomes feasible. Wearable cameras can recognize known objects and store their indoor location. But how can the location of objects be represented on a wearable device like Google Glass and how can the user be navigated towards the object? We implemented a prototype on a wearable computer with a head-mounted display and compared a last seen image representation against a map representation of the location. We found a significant interaction effect favoring the last seen image with harder hidden objects. Additionally, all objective and subjective measures generally favor the last seen image. Results suggest that a map representation is more helpful for gross navigation and an image representation is more supportive for fine navigation.
Enhanced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by structural alterations of the aortic wall resulting from degradation of collagen and elastin. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, show strong elastinolytic activity. We examined the levels of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type (MT)-MMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2 in AAAs (n= 8), atherosclerotic occlusive diseases (AOD) (n= 8), and normal subjects (n= 8) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also analyzed the gelatinolytic activity of these metalloproteinases using gelatin zymography. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were increased in the AAA group compared with those in the AOD group and normal subjects. The levels for TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in the AAA group were also higher than those in the AOD and normal groups. Only in the case of MT-MMP-1 was the difference between AAA and AOD not statistically significant. By gelatin zymography with the same samples used for RT-PCR, gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 was elevated in all AAA tissues. The 62-kDa form of MMP-2 was elevated in both the AAA and AOD groups and did not differ significantly between them. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between mRNA levels of MMPs and those of TIMPs. These observations suggest that aneurysm formation in patients with atherosclerosis is related to the degree of MMP-9 expression.
Resistance training improves gait kinematics in persons with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of an 8-week lower-body resistance-training program on walking mechanics in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).


DESIGN
Repeated-measures design, evaluating gait kinematics before and after an 8-week progressive resistance-training intervention.


SETTING
Biomechanics laboratory and fitness center (with conventional, commercially available resistance-training equipment).


PARTICIPANTS
Eight ambulatory subjects with MS (age, 46.0+/-11.5 y) with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ranging from 2.5 to 5.5.


INTERVENTION
An 8-week progressive resistance-training program.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Kinematic gait parameters including knee range of motion, duration of stance, swing, and double-support phases in seconds and as percentages of the stride time, percentage of stride time spent in stance, swing, and double-support phases, step length, foot angle, stride length, velocity, step width, and toe clearance for both the more affected and less affected lower limbs. Isometric strength, 3-minute stepping, fatigue, and self-reported disability were also measured.


RESULTS
After 2 months of resistance training, there were significant increases (P<.05) in percentage of stride time in the swing phase, step length, stride length, and foot angle; and significant decreases (P<.05) in percentage of stride time in the stance and double-support phases, duration of the double-support phase, and toe clearance. Isometric leg strength improved (P<.05) in 2 of the 4 muscle groups tested. Fatigue indices decreased (P=.04), whereas self-reported disability tended to decrease (P=.07) following the training program. Three-minute stepping increased by 8.7%.


CONCLUSIONS
Resistance training may be an effective intervention strategy for improving walking and functional ability in moderately disabled persons with MS.
Rent sharing to control noncartel supply in the German cement market

A challenge for many cartels is avoiding a destabilizing increase in noncartel supply in response to having raised price. In the case of the German cement cartel that operated over 1991â€“2002, the primary source of noncartel supply was imports from Eastern European cement manufacturers. Testimonies in a private enforcement case have claimed that the cartel sought to control imports by sharing rents with intermediaries in order to discourage them from sourcing foreign supply. Specifically, cartel members would allow an intermediary to issue the invoice for a transaction and charge a fee even though the output went directly from the cartel member's plant to the customer. We investigate this claim by first developing a theory of collusive pricing that takes account of the option of bribing intermediaries. The theory predicts that the cement cartel members are more likely to share rents with an intermediary when the nearest Eastern European plant is closer and there is more Eastern European capacity outside of the control of the cartel. Estimating a logit model that predicts when a cartel member sells through an intermediary, the empirical analysis supports both predictions. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
The role of terrestrial plants in limiting atmospheric CO2 decline over the past 24 million years

Environmental conditions during the past 24 million years are thought to have been favourable for enhanced rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown by silicate chemical weathering. Proxy records indicate, however, that the Earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations did not fall below about 200–250 parts per million during this period. The stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations near this minimum value suggests that strong negative feedback mechanisms inhibited further drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide by high rates of global silicate rock weathering. Here we investigate one possible negative feedback mechanism, occurring under relatively low carbon dioxide concentrations and in warm climates, that is related to terrestrial plant productivity and its role in the decomposition of silicate minerals. We use simulations of terrestrial and geochemical carbon cycles and available experimental evidence to show that vegetation activity in upland regions of active orogens was severely limited by near-starvation of carbon dioxide in combination with global warmth over this period. These conditions diminished biotic-driven silicate rock weathering and thereby attenuated an important long-term carbon dioxide sink. Although our modelling results are semi-quantitative and do not capture the full range of biogeochemical feedbacks that could influence the climate, our analysis indicates that the dynamic equilibrium between plants, climate and the geosphere probably buffered the minimum atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 24 million years.
Dissociating bottom-up and top-down processes in a manual stimulus-response compatibility task.

Speed and accuracy of motor responses to lateralized stimuli are influenced by the spatial overlap between stimulus location and required response. Responses showing high spatial overlap with peripheral cues benefit from a bottom-up driven enhancement of attention to the respective location, whereas low overlap requires top-down modulated reorienting of resources. Here we investigated the interaction between these two processes using a spatial stimulus-response compatibility task. Subjects had to react to lateralized visual stimuli with a button press using either the ipsilateral (congruent condition) or the contralateral (incongruent condition) index finger. Stimulus-driven bottom-up processes were associated with significant contralateral activation in V5, the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the premotor cortex (PMC). Incongruent versus congruent responses evoked significant activation in bilateral IPS and PMC, highly overlapping with the activations found for stimulus-driven bottom-up processes, as well as additional activation in bilateral anterior insula and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Moreover, a region anterior to the bottom-up driven activation in the IPS was associated with top-down modulated directionality-specific reorienting of motor attention during incongruent motor responses. Based on these results, we propose that stimulus-driven activation of contralateral IPS and PMC represent key neuronal substrates for the behavioral advantage observed when reacting toward a congruently lateralized stimulus. Additional activation in bilateral insula and right DLPFC and TPJ during incongruent responses should reflect top-down control mechanisms mediating contextual (i.e., task) demands. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for both overlapping and disparate substrates of bottom-up and top-down modulated attentional processes in the IPS.
The Effect of Information Communication Technology Interventions on Reducing Social Isolation in the Elderly: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND
The aging of the population is an inexorable change that challenges governments and societies in every developed country. Based on clinical and empirical data, social isolation is found to be prevalent among elderly people, and it has negative consequences on the elderly's psychological and physical health. Targeting social isolation has become a focus area for policy and practice. Evidence indicates that contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to prevent or reduce the social isolation of elderly people via various mechanisms.


OBJECTIVE
This systematic review explored the effects of ICT interventions on reducing social isolation of the elderly.


METHODS
Relevant electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, SSCI, Communication Studies: a SAGE Full-Text Collection, Communication & Mass Media Complete, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore) were systematically searched using a unified strategy to identify quantitative and qualitative studies on the effectiveness of ICT-mediated social isolation interventions for elderly people published in English between 2002 and 2015. Narrative synthesis was performed to interpret the results of the identified studies, and their quality was also appraised.


RESULTS
Twenty-five publications were included in the review. Four of them were evaluated as rigorous research. Most studies measured the effectiveness of ICT by measuring specific dimensions rather than social isolation in general. ICT use was consistently found to affect social support, social connectedness, and social isolation in general positively. The results for loneliness were inconclusive. Even though most were positive, some studies found a nonsignificant or negative impact. More importantly, the positive effect of ICT use on social connectedness and social support seemed to be short-term and did not last for more than six months after the intervention. The results for self-esteem and control over one's life were consistent but generally nonsignificant. ICT was found to alleviate the elderly's social isolation through four mechanisms: connecting to the outside world, gaining social support, engaging in activities of interests, and boosting self-confidence.


CONCLUSIONS
More well-designed studies that contain a minimum risk of research bias are needed to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of ICT interventions for elderly people in reducing their perceived social isolation as a multidimensional concept. The results of this review suggest that ICT could be an effective tool to tackle social isolation among the elderly. However, it is not suitable for every senior alike. Future research should identify who among elderly people can most benefit from ICT use in reducing social isolation. Research on other types of ICT (eg, mobile phone-based instant messaging apps) should be conducted to promote understanding and practice of ICT-based social-isolation interventions for elderly people.
Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen.

PURPOSE
Treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) commonly involves a fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimen such as infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) or fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, often combined with bevacizumab or an epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody. We studied the effect of adding the novel antiangiogenic agent aflibercept (also known as ziv-aflibercept in the United States) to FOLFIRI in patients with mCRC previously treated with oxaliplatin, including patients who received prior bevacizumab.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned to receive aflibercept (4 mg/kg intravenously; 612 patients) or placebo (614 patients) every 2 weeks in combination with FOLFIRI. Treatment was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival.


RESULTS
Adding aflibercept to FOLFIRI significantly improved overall survival relative to placebo plus FOLFIRI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.817; 95.34% CI, 0.713 to 0.937; P = .0032) with median survival times of 13.50 versus 12.06 months, respectively. Aflibercept also significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 0.758; 95% CI, 0.661 to 0.869; P < .0001), with median PFS times of 6.90 versus 4.67 months, respectively. The effects on overall survival and PFS exhibited a consistent trend across prespecified subgroup analyses, including bevacizumab pretreated patients. Response rate was 19.8% (95% CI, 16.4% to 23.2%) with aflibercept plus FOLFIRI compared with 11.1% (95% CI, 8.5% to 13.8%) with placebo plus FOLFIRI (P = .0001). Adverse effects reported with aflibercept combined with FOLFIRI included the characteristic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor effects and also reflected an increased incidence of some chemotherapy-related toxicities.


CONCLUSION
Aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI conferred a statistically significant survival benefit over FOLFIRI combined with placebo in patients with mCRC previously treated with oxaliplatin.
Consumer credit-risk models via machine-learning algorithms q

We apply machine-learning techniques to construct nonlinear nonparametric forecasting models of consumer credit risk. By combining customer transactions and credit bureau data from January 2005 to April 2009 for a sample of a major commercial bank’s customers, we are able to construct out-of-sample forecasts that significantly improve the classification rates of credit-card-holder delinquencies and defaults, with linear regression R’s of forecasted/realized delinquencies of 85%. Using conservative assumptions for the costs and benefits of cutting credit lines based on machine-learning forecasts, we estimate the cost savings to range from 6% to 25% of total losses. Moreover, the time-series patterns of estimated delinquency rates from this model over the course of the recent financial crisis suggest that aggregated consumer credit-risk analytics may have important applications in forecasting systemic risk. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Crecimiento económico y acumulación de capital después de Fukushima

The article examines the historical origins of the growth discourse in the 20th century. In order to reveal the social contradictions of growth in a capitalist society it then relates economic growth to the accumulation of capital. It then takes the contradiction between unlimited economic growth and the accumulation of capital on the one hand and of limited ecosystems of the planet (planetary bounderies) on the other hand into consideration. Neither neo-classical nor Keynesian economics are appropriate to understand that economic processes necessarily are processes of transforming energy and matter and therefore of changing the nature of Planet Earth. Natural limits of economic growth therefore only come into the horizon of economic reasoning as a shortage caused by external factors (e. g. “peakoil”) or as a catastrophe like the nuclear disaster of Fukushima. The author concludes by asking whether there are opportunities for a de-growth economy in a capitalist framework. 
 
Key words 
Capitalism, accumulation, ecological limits 
 
Classificacao JEL: P16 e Q32
LibGuides: Environmental History: Evaluating Primary Sources

Resources relevant to the historical study of our environment with an emphasis on North America
Learning from Experience

A summary of the the findings emerging from a small RICS Trust-funded study of Scottish contractors’ and subcontractors’ views on mediation.