LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Introduction to cell-hydrogel mechanosensing.

The development of hydrogel-based biomaterials represents a promising approach to generating new strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In order to develop more sophisticated cell-seeded hydrogel constructs, it is important to understand how cells mechanically interact with hydrogels. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which cells remodel hydrogels, the influence that the hydrogel mechanical and structural properties have on cell behaviour and the role of mechanical stimulation in cell-seeded hydrogels. Cell-mediated remodelling of hydrogels is directed by several cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, contraction, degradation and extracellular matrix deposition. Variations in hydrogel stiffness, density, composition, orientation and viscoelastic characteristics all affect cell activity and phenotype. The application of mechanical force on cells encapsulated in hydrogels can also instigate changes in cell behaviour. By improving our understanding of cell-material mechano-interactions in hydrogels, this should enable a new generation of regenerative medical therapies to be developed.
A semi-automatic indexing system based on embedded information in HTML documents

Purpose – This paper describes and evaluates the tool DigiDoc MetaEdit which allows the semi-automatic indexing of HTML documents. The tool works by identifying and suggesting keywords from a thesaurus according to the embedded information in HTML documents. This enables the parameterization of keyword assignment based on how frequently the terms appear in the document, the relevance of their position, and the combination of both.
A method for grinding removal control of a robot belt grinding system

As a kind of manufacturing system with a flexible grinder, the material removal of a robot belt grinding system is related to a variety of factors, such as workpiece shape, contact force, robot velocity, and belt wear. Some factors of the grinding process are time-variant. Therefore, it is a challenge to control grinding removal precisely for free-formed surfaces. To develop a high-quality robot grinding system, an off-line planning method for the control parameters of the grinding robot based on an adaptive modeling method is proposed in this paper. First, we built an adaptive model based on statistic machine learning. By transferring the old samples into the new samples space formed by the in-situ measurement data, the adaptive model can track the dynamic working conditions more rapidly. Based on the adaptive model the robot control parameters are calculated using the cooperative particle swarm optimization in this paper. The optimization method aims to smoothen the trajectories of the control parameters of the robot and shorten the response time in the transition process. The results of the blade grinding experiments demonstrate that this approach can control the material removal of the grinding system effectively.
Range Doppler detection for automotive FMCW radars

The FMCW-radar-principle is widely used for automotive radar systems. The basic idea for FMCW-radars is to generate a linear frequency ramp as transmit signal. The difference frequency between the transmitted and received signal is determined after downconversion. In order to detect range and velocity together, the information, extracted from one frequency ramp, is not enough, because it is ambiguous. Several subsequent ramps have to be generated to remove the ambiguity between the frequency portion produced by range and the Doppler frequency. In this paper two methods are presented to perform this basic signal processing step. The two methods have the Fast Fourier Transform as basic calculation step in common, but the number of FFTs and their length are different. The requirements on bandwidth for the IF-Hardware and A/D-Converters are also determined by the algorithm for Range-Doppler-Detection. The CFAR (constant false alarm rate)-algorithm for target detection must also be adapted to the chosen method. Both methods have been verified with a 24 GHz radar prototype. The radar-frontend has been built with a newly developed SiGe-radar-chipset on inflneon's B7HF200-process with a transition frequency of 200 GHz.
A Novel Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm for HSDPA in UMTS Networks

A utility function based perspective of packet scheduling in HSDPA is described and a new hybrid proportional fair scheduling algorithm has been developed. This algorithm employs a ratio of the instantaneous channel quality indicator to its mean value and an exponentially weighted moving average of the data rate to be transmitted at the base station (Node-B). Performance of the new algorithm has been compared with round robin, maximum carrier to interference ratio and proportional fair throughput schemes, under pedestrian A, vehicular A and vehicular B environments. The new algorithm has shown higher levels of total cell throughput than round robin and proportional fair throughput schedulers. Furthermore, it is shown that it has good fairness properties that are comparable with the round robin scheduler, and it exhibits low values of the mean end-to-end packet delay.
Houston paramedic and emergency stroke treatment and outcomes study (HoPSTO).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Establishment of stroke centers, combined with accurate paramedic diagnosis and rapid transport, is essential to deliver acute stroke therapy. We wanted to measure and improve paramedic and hospital performance through implementation of the Brain Attack Coalition and American Stroke Association guidelines.


METHODS
Pre-intervention and active-intervention phases with parallel data measurement points were used. The study involved six hospitals comprising the majority of acute-stroke admissions in Houston, Tex. Hospital, paramedic, and patient data were collected prospectively pre-intervention and during the active-intervention phase on all suspected acute-stroke patients admitted by Houston Fire Department-Emergency Medical Services. A multilevel educational intervention included paramedic, hospital, and community education. Paramedic diagnostic accuracy, hospital-performance efficiency, and thrombolytic treatment rates were the main outcome measures of the study.


RESULTS
Four hundred forty-six patients (74 per month) were transported in the pre-intervention phase to participating hospitals (59.8% of all suspected stroke patients transported city wide by Houston Fire Department-Emergency Medical Services), compared with 1072 patients (89 per month, or 68.7%) transported in the active-intervention phase (P<0.001). Accuracy of paramedic diagnosis of stroke increased from 61% to 79%. Admission within 2 hours of symptom onset increased from 58% to 62% (P=0.002). Thrombolysis rates increased in 4 of 6 centers, with 1 post- tissue plasminogen activator hemorrhage (3.7%) reported.


CONCLUSIONS
A multilevel educational program improves rapid hospitalization and paramedic diagnostic accuracy and increases the number of patients presenting for evaluation within the 3-hour tissue plasminogen activator window. Stroke center development supports safe thrombolytic practice in community settings.
Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

BACKGROUND
Dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572), a once-daily, unboosted integrase inhibitor, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Dolutegravir, in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, may provide a simplified regimen.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study involving adult participants who had not received previous therapy for HIV-1 infection and who had an HIV-1 RNA level of 1000 copies per milliliter or more. Participants were randomly assigned to dolutegravir at a dose of 50 mg plus abacavir-lamivudine once daily (DTG-ABC-3TC group) or combination therapy with efavirenz-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)-emtricitabine once daily (EFV-TDF-FTC group). The primary end point was the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48. Secondary end points included the time to viral suppression, the change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count, safety, and viral resistance.


RESULTS
A total of 833 participants received at least one dose of study drug. At week 48, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter was significantly higher in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (88% vs. 81%, P=0.003), thus meeting the criterion for superiority. The DTG-ABC-3TC group had a shorter median time to viral suppression than did the EFV-TDF-FTC group (28 vs. 84 days, P<0.001), as well as greater increases in CD4+ T-cell count (267 vs. 208 per cubic millimeter, P<0.001). The proportion of participants who discontinued therapy owing to adverse events was lower in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (2% vs. 10%); rash and neuropsychiatric events (including abnormal dreams, anxiety, dizziness, and somnolence) were significantly more common in the EFV-TDF-FTC group, whereas insomnia was reported more frequently in the DTG-ABC-3TC group. No participants in the DTG-ABC-3TC group had detectable antiviral resistance; one tenofovir DF-associated mutation and four efavirenz-associated mutations were detected in participants with virologic failure in the EFV-TDF-FTC group.


CONCLUSIONS
Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine had a better safety profile and was more effective through 48 weeks than the regimen with efavirenz-tenofovir DF-emtricitabine. (Funded by ViiV Healthcare; SINGLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01263015 .).
Do We "do"?

A normative framework for modeling causal and counterfactual reasoning has been proposed by Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines (1993; cf. Pearl, 2000). The framework takes as fundamental that reasoning from observation and intervention differ. Intervention includes actual manipulation as well as counterfactual manipulation of a model via thought. To represent intervention, Pearl employed the do operator that simplifies the structure of a causal model by disconnecting an intervened-on variable from its normal causes. Construing the do operator as a psychological function affords predictions about how people reason when asked counterfactual questions about causal relations that we refer to as undoing, a family of effects that derive from the claim that intervened-on variables become independent of their normal causes. Six studies support the prediction for causal (A causes B) arguments but not consistently for parallel conditional (if A then B) ones. Two of the studies show that effects are treated as diagnostic when their values are observed but nondiagnostic when they are intervened on. These results cannot be explained by theories that do not distinguish interventions from other sorts of events.
Meta Structures in Knowledge Graphs

Abstract. This paper investigates meta structures, schema-level graphs that abstract connectivity information among a set of entities in a knowledge graph. Meta structures are useful in a variety of knowledge discovery tasks ranging from relatedness explanation to data retrieval. We formalize the meta structure computation problem and devise efficient automata-based algorithms. We introduce a meta structure-based relevance measure, which can retrieve entities related to those in input. We implemented our machineries in a visual tool called MEKoNG. We report on an extensive experimental evaluation, which confirms the suitability of our proposal from both the efficiency and effectiveness point of view.
Sex, Drugs, and Catholic Schools: Private Schooling and Non-Market Adolescent Behaviors

This paper examines the effects of private schooling on adolescent nonmarket behaviors. Differences between privateand public-school students were controlled by making use of the rich set of covariates available with the Nation Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS) microdataset. An instrumental-variables strategy was also employed that exploits variation across metropolitan areas in the costs that parents face in transporting their children to private schools, which stem from differences in the quality of the local transportation infrastructure. Evidence was found suggesting that religious private schooling reduces teen sexual activity, arrests, and use of hard drugs (cocaine), but not drinking, smoking, gang involvement, or marijuana use. Two questions require further research: Could public schools reduce teen sexual activity by either including "character education" as part of the curriculum without reference to specific religious ideologies or by dropping sex and drug education classes? and Are there other policies that public schools could adapt from religious private schools that would improve the academic or nonacademic outcomes-of students? (Contains 55 references and 9 tables.) (RT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Occasional Paper No. 30 National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education Teachers College, Columbia University, Sex, Drugs, and Catholic Schools: Private Schooling and Non-Market Adolescent Behaviors U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) /This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. David Fig lio and Jens Ludwig September 2000 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Incidence and predictors of cognitive decline in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

BACKGROUND
After left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement for advanced heart failure, increased cerebral perfusion should result in improved cognitive function. However, stroke (a well-known LVAD complication) and subclinical cerebral ischemia may result in transient or permanent cognitive decline. We sought to describe the incidence and predictors of cognitive decline after LVAD using a valid, sensitive assessment tool.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Among 4419 patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support who underwent LVAD implantation between May 2012 and December 2013, cognitive function was assessed in 1173 patients with the Trail Making B Test before LVAD and at 3, 6, and 12 months. The test detects several forms of cognitive impairment, including subclinical stroke. Cognitive decline was defined as a clinically important increase during follow-up using a moderate Cohen d effect size of 0.5×baseline SD (32 s). The cumulative incidence of cognitive decline in the year after LVAD implantation, treating death and transplantation as competing risks, was 29.2%. In adjusted analysis, older age (≥70 versus <50 years; hazard ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval 1.46-3.44; P(trend)<0.001) and destination therapy (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.92) were significantly associated with greater risk of cognitive decline.


CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive decline occurs commonly in patients in the year after LVAD and is associated with older age and destination therapy. These results could have important implications for patient selection and improved communication of risks before LVAD implantation. Additional studies are needed to explore the association between cognitive decline and subsequent stroke, health status, and mortality in patients after LVAD.
Collaborating to innovate: Effects on customer knowledge management and performance☆

a r t i c l e i n f o Scholars regard customer knowledge management (CKM) as a strategic resource for businesses to improve innovation , facilitate the detection of new market opportunities, and support long-term customer relationship management. However, literature suffers from a lack of understanding of customer collaboration's role in the innovation process and innovation orientation in CKM. Accordingly, this paper tests a model examining how both variables act as antecedents of CKM. The model also explores CKM and customer collaboration's effect on marketing results. Findings have important academic and managerial implications, and show that collaboration with customers and openness to innovation are key inputs because of their effects on CKM and marketing results. SMEs are the backbone of Europe's economy, representing around 99% of all European companies and account for two thirds of private sector jobs (European Commission, 2013). Although European economies gradually recover in 2011, companies in OECD countries still cope with recession, with a lack of financial support, and with a fierce labor cost competition in shrinking domestic markets (OECD, 2011). Innovation is a key driver of modern firms' growth and development. Innovation enables organizations adapt to changing environments to increase business efficiency. Companies investing in knowledge and innovation management will more likely survive and improve their performance while maintaining their competitive advantage (Pil & Holwelg, 2003). Eisenhardt and Martin (2000) identify knowledge as the most important strategic resource for building sustainable competitive advantage. This approach is consistent with the service-dominant logic (SDL) framework. Lusch, Vargo, and O'Brien (2007) define knowledge as the basis for sustainable development of competitive advantage , by arguing that innovation capacity and competitiveness require knowledge (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). Knowledge and innovation are thus inseparable (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004). Sharing knowledge through collaborative innovation is increasingly important. Much research demonstrates that knowledge management implementation enhances successful innovation activities SDL researchers increasingly highlight customer collaboration in service provision and innovation (Vargo & Lusch, 2004). Customer collaboration allows organizations to learn, to meet customer demands, and to improve performance (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004). This research increases literature's value by combining three isolated theories (the resource-based theory for innovation orientation, SDL theory for customer collaboration, and organizational learning theory for CKM). These theories provide a framework for testing a model gaining insight on the effect of customer collaboration, innovation orientation, and CKM on marketing results. This research also empirically tests proposition 2 …
Visual cryptography on postage stamps

Some national post offices offer postage stamps showing an image chosen by the customer, but in at least one case, an image was refused for political reasons. Visual cryptography was used to get the post office to produce two stamps showing images which are closely related to the rejected image. They look like random graphic designs, but the original image appears when the two graphic designs are held one on top of the other and lit from the back.
Induction of labour versus expectant monitoring for gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia after 36 weeks' gestation (HYPITAT): a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Robust evidence to direct management of pregnant women with mild hypertensive disease at term is scarce. We investigated whether induction of labour in women with a singleton pregnancy complicated by gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia reduces severe maternal morbidity.


METHODS
We undertook a multicentre, parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial in six academic and 32 non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands between October, 2005, and March, 2008. We enrolled patients with a singleton pregnancy at 36-41 weeks' gestation, and who had gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia. Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio by block randomisation with a web-based application system to receive either induction of labour or expectant monitoring. Masking of intervention allocation was not possible. The primary outcome was a composite measure of poor maternal outcome--maternal mortality, maternal morbidity (eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, pulmonary oedema, thromboembolic disease, and placental abruption), progression to severe hypertension or proteinuria, and major post-partum haemorrhage (>1000 mL blood loss). Analysis was by intention to treat and treatment effect is presented as relative risk. This study is registered, number ISRCTN08132825.


FINDINGS
756 patients were allocated to receive induction of labour (n=377 patients) or expectant monitoring (n=379). 397 patients refused randomisation but authorised use of their medical records. Of women who were randomised, 117 (31%) allocated to induction of labour developed poor maternal outcome compared with 166 (44%) allocated to expectant monitoring (relative risk 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.86, p<0.0001). No cases of maternal or neonatal death or eclampsia were recorded.


INTERPRETATION
Induction of labour is associated with improved maternal outcome and should be advised for women with mild hypertensive disease beyond 37 weeks' gestation.


FUNDING
ZonMw.
The impact of contractualism in social policies: The case of active labour market policies in Switzerland

Purpose – This article's purpose is to analyse the current transformations of public action in two main respects: on the one side the relationships between individuals and institutions and their recent evolutions, on the other, the new contractual or market‐like ways of designing and implementing public action. This twofold transformation and the extent to which it represents a deep‐seated revolution or a more limited recalibration of the public realm are to be investigated against the case of Swiss active labour market policies.Design/methodology/approach – This issue is examined through the design of a theoretical and normative typology, which is then applied to the case of active labour market policies in Switzerland, based on an in‐depth empirical investigation (more than 50 interviews with field actors).Findings – The emergence of new modes of governance coincides with the promotion of market solutions to unemployment, thus leading to a conception of welfare and its individual beneficiaries as subord...
Effects of atenolol and propranolol on platelet aggregation in moderate essential hypertension: randomized crossover trial.

AIM
To compare the effects of a selective beta-blocker atenolol and a nonselective beta-blocker propranolol on platelet aggregation.


METHODS
Twenty successive outpatients with moderate essential hypertension (6 women and 14 men, mean age-/+standard deviation 42.6-/+8.5 years) were randomized to either propranolol (40 mg three times a day) or atenolol (100 mg once a day) for the first two weeks, followed by a one-day washout period, and then a two-week administration of the alternative drug. Along with standard examinations and tests, circulating platelet aggregates were measured.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in creatinine, blood glucose, potassium, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), or platelets in three periods: baseline, atenolol, and propranolol period. Significant and comparable reductions in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, body weight, heart rate, and HDL-cholesterol were recorded in both patient groups. The LDL-cholesterol concentration increased significantly in propranolol compared with both baseline and atenolol period. Serum triglycerides increased significantly with both medications. The number of circulating platelet aggregates decreased significantly with propranolol (0.99-/+0.19) in comparison with both atenolol (1.41-/+0.70; P=0.004, Wilcoxon matched pairs test) and baseline (1.59-/+0.94; P=0.002, Wilcoxon matched pairs test).


CONCLUSION
Propranolol inhibits platelet aggregation more than atenolol and may have a favorable effect on the management of hypertension especially in patients with increased cardiovascular risk.