LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Groundwater protection and unconventional gas extraction: the critical need for field-based hydrogeological research.

Unconventional natural gas extraction from tight sandstones, shales, and some coal-beds is typically accomplished by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that is necessary for economic development of these new hydrocarbon resources. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for contamination of shallow groundwater by stray gases, formation waters, and fracturing chemicals associated with unconventional gas exploration. A lack of sound scientific hydrogeological field observations and a scarcity of published peer-reviewed articles on the effects of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities on shallow groundwater make it difficult to address these issues. Here, we discuss several case studies related to both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities illustrating how under some circumstances stray or fugitive gas from deep gas-rich formations has migrated from the subsurface into shallow aquifers and how it has affected groundwater quality. Examples include impacts of uncemented well annuli in areas of historic drilling operations, effects related to poor cement bonding in both new and old hydrocarbon wells, and ineffective cementing practices. We also summarize studies describing how structural features influence the role of natural and induced fractures as contaminant fluid migration pathways. On the basis of these studies, we identify two areas where field-focused research is urgently needed to fill current science gaps related to unconventional gas extraction: (1) baseline geochemical mapping (with time series sampling from a sufficient network of groundwater monitoring wells) and (2) field testing of potential mechanisms and pathways by which hydrocarbon gases, reservoir fluids, and fracturing chemicals might potentially invade and contaminate useable groundwater.
The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: a systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE
We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of stretching as a tool to prevent injuries in sports and to make recommendations for research and prevention.


METHODS
Without language limitations, we searched electronic data bases, including MEDLINE (1966-2002), Current Contents (1997-2002), Biomedical Collection (1993-1999), the Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus, and then identified citations from papers retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Meta-analysis was limited to randomized trials or cohort studies for interventions that included stretching. Studies were excluded that lacked controls, in which stretching could not be assessed independently, or where studies did not include subjects in sporting or fitness activities. All articles were screened initially by one author. Six of 361 identified articles compared stretching with other methods to prevent injury. Data were abstracted by one author and then reviewed independently by three others. Data quality was assessed independently by three authors using a previously standardized instrument, and reviewers met to reconcile substantive differences in interpretation. We calculated weighted pooled odds ratios based on an intention-to-treat analysis as well as subgroup analyses by quality score and study design.


RESULTS
Stretching was not significantly associated with a reduction in total injuries (OR = 0.93, CI 0.78-1.11) and similar findings were seen in the subgroup analyses.


CONCLUSION
There is not sufficient evidence to endorse or discontinue routine stretching before or after exercise to prevent injury among competitive or recreational athletes. Further research, especially well-conducted randomized controlled trials, is urgently needed to determine the proper role of stretching in sports.
Automated Wireless Meter Reading System for Monitoring and Controlling Power Consumption

The use of wireless automation in almost all the fields of power, gas and water generation, distribution and billing has come of age. Here with the inclusion of wireless communication with the automation may lead to paradigm change in the current trend. The design presents a new methodology for avoiding the high construction and maintenance costs in the existing meter reading technology. Apart the use of wireless meter reading with network technologies has become need of the day. The designed system avoids the human intervention in Power Management. The Consumer has to pay the bill in time, if couldn’t, the power connection may be disconnected automatically from the remote server. It displays the corresponding billing information on LCD and data is sent to the server through the GSM Module. The ARM7 based hardware system consists of a processor core board and the peripheral board. The entire programming for microcontroller operation is based on Embedded C Language. This system provides efficient meter reading, avoiding the billing error and reduces the maintenance cost. This paper also addresses advantages of implementing the GSM communication module and design detail and discusses the advanced security of the data communications.
Investigations of roll-over shape: implications for design, alignment, and evaluation of ankle-foot prostheses and orthoses.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of our previous work on roll-over shapes, which are the effective rocker shapes that the lower limb systems conform to during walking.


METHOD
This article is a summary of several recently published articles from the Northwestern University Prosthetics Research Laboratory and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Program on the topic of roll-over shapes. The roll-over shape is a measurement of centre of pressure of the ground reaction force in body-based coordinates. This measurement is interpreted as the effective rocker shape created by lower limb systems during walking.


RESULTS
Our studies have shown that roll-over shapes in able-bodied subjects do not change appreciably for conditions of level ground walking, including walking at different speeds, while carrying different amounts of weight, while wearing shoes of different heel heights, or when wearing shoes with different rocker radii. In fact, results suggest that able-bodied humans will actively change their ankle movements to maintain the same roll-over shapes.


CONCLUSIONS
The consistency of the roll-over shapes to level surface walking conditions has provided insight for design, alignment and evaluation of lower limb prostheses and orthoses. Changes to ankle-foot and knee-ankle-foot roll-over shapes for ramp walking conditions have suggested biomimetic (i.e. mimicking biology) strategies for adaptable ankle-foot prostheses and orthoses.
Event-related fMRI studies of episodic encoding and retrieval: Meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation

The recent surge in event-related fMRI studies of episodic memory has generated a wealth of information about the neural correlates of encoding and retrieval processes. However, interpretation of individual studies is hampered by methodological differences, and by the fact that sample sizes are typically small. We submitted results from studies of episodic memory in healthy young adults, published between 1998 and 2007, to a voxel-wise quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation [Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V., et al. (2005). A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 6-21]. We conducted separate meta-analyses for four contrasts of interest: episodic encoding success as measured in the subsequent-memory paradigm (subsequent Hit vs. Miss), episodic retrieval success (Hit vs. Correct Rejection), objective recollection (e.g., Source Hit vs. Item Hit), and subjective recollection (e.g., Remember vs. Know). Concordance maps revealed significant cross-study overlap for each contrast. In each case, the left hemisphere showed greater concordance than the right hemisphere. Both encoding and retrieval success were associated with activation in medial-temporal, prefrontal, and parietal regions. Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and medial-temporal regions were more strongly involved in encoding, whereas left superior parietal and dorsolateral and anterior PFC regions were more strongly involved in retrieval. Objective recollection was associated with activation in multiple PFC regions, as well as multiple posterior parietal and medial-temporal areas, but not hippocampus. Subjective recollection, in contrast, showed left hippocampal involvement. In summary, these results identify broadly consistent activation patterns associated with episodic encoding and retrieval, and subjective and objective recollection, but also subtle differences among these processes.
Growth and morphological development of laboratory-reared larval and juvenile climbing perch Anabas testudineus

Morphological development, including fin and labyrinth organ, body proportions and pigmentation, in laboratory-reared larval and juvenile climbing perch Anabas testudineus was described and behavioral features under rearing condition were observed. Body lengths (BL) of larvae and juveniles were 1.9 ± 0.1 (mean ± SD) mm just after hatching (day-0), 8.7 ± 1.3 mm on day-19, reaching 18.4 ± 2.1 mm on day-35 after hatching. Aggregate fin ray numbers attained full complements in juveniles larger than 8.3 mm BL. Preflexion larvae started feeding on day-2 following formation of the upper and lower jaws, the yolk being completely absorbed by day-7 after hatching. Teeth appeared in flexion larvae larger than 5 mm BL on day-6, with cannibalism starting shortly after and continuing with further growth. Melanophores on the body increased with growth, a large dark spot developing on the lateral midline around caudal margin of the body in the postflexion and juvenile stages. The labyrinth organ differentiated in postflexion larvae larger than 7.2 mm BL on day-16, with air-breathing starting at the same time. Body proportions attained constant in postflexion larvae larger than 7.0 mm BL, and habitat of fish shifted from bottom to mid-layer. With the exception of fin ray numbers, the above morphological developments corresponded to behavioral shifts that occurred in the postflexion stage (ca. 7 mm BL), their subsequent continuity illustrating that the species possessed most juvenile-equivalent functions from ca. 7 mm BL.
Application of TOPSIS and VIKOR improved versions in a multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management model.

Selecting a suitable Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method is a crucial stage to establish a Solid Waste Management (SWM) system. Main objective of the current study is to demonstrate and evaluate a proposed method using Multiple Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM). An improved version of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) applied to obtain the best municipal solid waste management method by comparing and ranking the scenarios. Applying this method in order to rank treatment methods is introduced as one contribution of the study. Besides, Viekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) compromise solution method applied for sensitivity analyses. The proposed method can assist urban decision makers in prioritizing and selecting an optimized Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment system. Besides, a logical and systematic scientific method was proposed to guide an appropriate decision-making. A modified TOPSIS methodology as a superior to existing methods for first time was applied for MSW problems. Applying this method in order to rank treatment methods is introduced as one contribution of the study. Next, 11 scenarios of MSW treatment methods are defined and compared environmentally and economically based on the waste management conditions. Results show that integrating a sanitary landfill (18.1%), RDF (3.1%), composting (2%), anaerobic digestion (40.4%), and recycling (36.4%) was an optimized model of integrated waste management. An applied decision-making structure provides the opportunity for optimum decision-making. Therefore, the mix of recycling and anaerobic digestion and a sanitary landfill with Electricity Production (EP) are the preferred options for MSW management.
Analytical and Thermal Modeling of High-Speed Machining With Chamfered Tools

High-speed machining offers several advantages such as increased flexibility and productivity for discrete-part manufacturing. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high temperatures on the tool and workpiece surfaces in high-speed machining leads to a shorter tool life and poor part quality, especially if the tool edge geometry and cutting conditions were not selected properly. In this study, analytical and thermal modeling of high-speed machining with chamfered tools in the presence of dead metal zone has been presented to investigate the effects of cutting conditions, heat generation, and resultant temperature distributions at the tool and in the workpiece. An analytical slipline field model is utilized to investigate the process mechanics and friction at the toolchip and tool-workpiece interfaces in the presence of the dead metal zone in machining with a negative rake chamfered polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool. In order to identify friction conditions, a set of orthogonal cutting tests is performed on AISI 4340 steel and chip geometries and cutting forces are measured. Thermal modeling of machining with chamfered tools based on moving band heat source theory, which utilizes the identified friction conditions and stress distributions on the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces, is also formulated and temperature distributions at the tool, cutting zone, and in the workpiece are obtained. These temperature distributions are compared with the results obtained from finite element simulations. The comparison of temperature fields indicates that the proposed model provides reasonable solutions to understand the mechanics of machining with chamfered tools. Models presented here can be further utilized to optimize the tool geometry and cutting conditions for increasing benefits that highspeed machining offers. DOI: 10.1115/1.2783282
Imatinib plasma trough concentration and its correlation with characteristics and response in Chinese CML patients

AbstractAim:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of imatinib in Chinese chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients.Methods:Fourty-six naïve Chinese CML patients treated with imatinib (400 and 600 mg daily, n=36 and 10, respectively) were recruited. The correlations of imatinib (400 mg) trough plasma concentrations (Cmins) with the patients' characteristics and responses were analyzed.Results:The overall mean (±SD, CV%) steady-state Cmins for imatinib at 400 mg (n=36) and 600 mg (n=10) daily was 1325.61 ng/mL (±583.53 ng/mL; 44%) and 1550.90 ng/mL (±462.63 ng/mL; 30%), respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found between them (P=0.267). At 400 mg daily, female patients had significantly higher Cmins than the male patients (P=0.048), and molecular responses were not correlated with imatinib Cmins, but they were correlated with time elapsed before imatinib therapy.Conclusion:The results suggest that Chinese CML patients have higher imatinib Cmins than their Caucasian counterparts and that the optimal initial imatinib dose for them requires further investigation.
The Discrete Weibull Distribution

The discrete Weibull distribution is defined to correspond with the Weibull distribution in continuous time. A few properties of the discrete Weibull distribution are discussed.
The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men

UNLABELLED



BACKGROUND
Resistance training (RT) enhances muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy while increasing strength and power. Some multi-ingredient performance supplements (MIPS) have been shown to augment the physiological improvements associated with RT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of specific pre- and post-workout MIPS on anabolic hormones, body composition, muscle strength, and power in resistance-trained men participating in a periodized RT program.


METHODS
Twenty-four ( mean ± SE; 24.0 ± 0.9 years; 180.5 ± 5.8 cm; 83.7 ± 0.5 kg) resistance-trained men completed 6 wks of periodized RT (3x/wk). Participants were assigned to one of two groups based upon maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps (Biodex) to lean mass (LM) ratio. Group 1 (n = 13; MIPS) consumed one serving of NO-Shotgun® (whey protein, casein protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, beta alanine, and caffeine) before each workout and one serving of NO-Synthesize® (whey protein, casein protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, and beta alanine; Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Davie, FL) immediately after each workout and on non-RT days. Group 2 (n = 11; Placebo; PLA) consumed a flavor-matched isocaloric maltodextrin placebo. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1, human growth hormone, testosterone, body composition (DXA), circumferences, 1-repetition maximal strength (1RM) of the upper (chest press) and lower body (leg press), and anaerobic power (Wingate test) were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included a 2 × 2 (group x time) ANOVA with repeated measures. Tukey LSD post hoc tests were used to examine pairwise differences. Significance was set at p < 0.05.


RESULTS
There was a main time effect (p = 0.035) for testosterone to increase, but no differences between groups were observed. There were no differences in the other blood hormones. Group x time interactions were observed for LM (MIPS: PRE, 62.9 ± 2.1 to POST, 65.7 ± 2.0 vs. PLA: PRE, 63.5 ± 2.3 to POST, 64.8 ± 2.5 kg; p = 0.017). Only a main effect of time was noted for circumference measures. Both groups increased upper and lower body 1RM strength to a similar degree. MIPS significantly increased peak anaerobic power (PRE, 932.7 ± 172.5 W vs. POST, 1119.2 ± 183.8 W, p = 0.002) while PLA remained unchanged (PRE, 974.4 ± 44.1 W vs. POST, 1033.7 ± 48.6 W, p = 0.166).


CONCLUSION
Consumption of MIPS during the course of a periodized RT program facilitated training-induced improvement in LM in trained males, whereas the consumption of PLA did not. MIPS improved measures of anaerobic power while PLA did not.
Medical imaging: the radiation issue

The collective doses of ionizing radiation to Western populations have risen dramatically in the past three decades. Preliminary data on changes in radiation dose to the US population indicate that this increase has been driven largely by medical imaging, to which cardiovascular imaging modalities—such as nuclear stress testing, invasive coronary angiography, and cardiovascular CT—contribute greatly. Given the putative association between low-dose radiation exposure and cancer risk, which most experts agree is supported by the available evidence, the 'radiation issue' in medical imaging has garnered increasing interest. This opinion piece focuses on changes in the use of and doses from medical imaging, the relationship between radiation dose and cancer risk and the controversy surrounding this subject, and clinical implications of radiation exposure from imaging tests.
The Selectivity of Milking of Dunaliella salina

The process of the simultaneous production and extraction of carotenoids, milking, of Dunaliella salina was studied. We would like to know the selectivity of this process. Could all the carotenoids produced be extracted? And would it be possible to vary the profile of the produced carotenoids and, consequently, influence the type of carotenoids extracted? By using three different D. salina strains and three different stress conditions, we varied the profiles of the carotenoids produced. Between Dunaliella bardawil and D. salina 19/18, no remarkable differences were seen in the extraction profiles, although D. salina 19/18 seemed to be better extractable. D. salina 19/25 was not “milkable” at all. The milking process could only be called selective for secondary carotenoids in case gentle mixing was used. In aerated flat-panel photobioreactors, extraction was much better, but selectiveness decreased and also chlorophyll and primary carotenoids were extracted. This was possibly related to cell damage due to shear stress.
Are factors related to dual-task performance in people with Parkinson's disease dependent on the type of dual task?

BACKGROUND
Impaired dual-task performance significantly impacts upon functional mobility in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify determinants of dual-task performance in people with PD in three different dual tasks to assess their possible task-dependency.


METHODS
We recruited 121 home-dwelling patients with PD (mean age 65.93 years; mean disease duration 8.67 years) whom we subjected to regular walking (control condition) and to three dual-task conditions: walking combined with a backwards Digit Span task, an auditory Stroop task and a Mobile Phone task. We measured dual-task gait velocity using the GAITRite mat and dual-task reaction times and errors on the concurrent tasks as outcomes. Motor, cognitive and descriptive variables which correlated to dual-task performance (p < 0.20) were entered into a stepwise forward multiple linear regression model.


RESULTS
Single-task gait velocity and executive function, tested by the alternating intake test, was significantly associated with gait velocity during the Digit Span (R(2) = 0.65; p < 0.001), the Stroop (R(2) = 0.73; p < 0.001) and the Mobile Phone task (R(2) = 0.62; p < 0.001). In addition, disease severity proved correlated to gait velocity during the Stroop task. Age was a surplus determinant of gait velocity while using a mobile phone.


CONCLUSION
Single-task gait velocity and executive function as measured by a verbal fluency switching task were independent determinants of dual-task gait performance in people with PD. In contrast to expectation, these factors were the same across different tasks, supporting the robustness of the findings. Future study needs to determine whether these factors predict dual-task abnormalities prospectively.
Pattern recognition using pulse-coupled neural networks and discrete Fourier transforms

A novel method for pattern recognition using Discrete Fourier Transforms on the global pulse signal of a pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) is presented in this paper. We describe the mathematical model of the PCNN and an original way of analyzing the pulse of the network in order to achieve scaleand translation-independent recognition for isolated objects. We also analyze the error as a result of rotation. The system is used for recognizing simple geometric shapes and letters.