LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Headscarves: A comparison of public thought and public policy in Germany and the Netherlands

Abstract This article focuses on public debates and public policy on the Islamic headscarf in the Netherlands and Germany. In the Netherlands the Islamic headscarf meets with an accommodating policy reaction, while in Germany some eight federal states have introduced legislation to ban the headscarf. This difference is explained, so I argue, by national differences in citizenship traditions. While the Netherlands represents a multicultural model, Germany used to be the paradigmatic example of an ethno‐cultural model of citizenship. Yet, the reaction of the German left to the headscarf, while often non‐accommodating, is very differently inspired by German history than that of the right. A commonality is that in both countries the issue is framed as a conflict between public neutrality and religious freedom, not gender equality. An effect of the focus in the debate on neutrality is that it obscures the agency of Islamic women and the gender dynamics in Islamic communities.
Text Summarization Techniques: A Brief Survey

In recent years, there has been a explosion in the amount of text data from a variety of sources. This volume of text is an invaluable source of information and knowledgewhich needs to be effectively summarized to be useful. In this review, the main approaches to automatic text summarization are described. We review the different processes for summarization and describe the effectiveness and shortcomings of the different methods.
The relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among physicians from urban state-owned medical institutions in Hubei, China: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND
Throughout China, a growing number of physicians are leaving or intending to depart from their organizations owing to job dissatisfaction. Little information is available about the role of occupational burnout in this association. We set out to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention, and further to determine whether occupational burnout can serve as a mediator among Chinese physicians from urban state-owned medical institutions.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in March 2010 in Hubei Province, central China. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention. The job satisfaction and occupational burnout instruments were obtained by modifying the Chinese Physicians' Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (CPJSQ) and the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), respectively. Such statistical methods as one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, GLM-univariate and structural equation modeling were used.


RESULTS
Of the 1600 physicians surveyed, 1451 provided valid responses. The respondents had medium scores (3.18 +/-0.73) on turnover intention, in which there was significant difference among the groups from three urban areas with different development levels. Turnover intention, which significantly and negatively related to all job-satisfaction subscales, positively related to each subscale of burnout syndrome. Work environment satisfaction (b = -0.074, p < 0.01), job rewards satisfaction (b = -0.073, p < 0.01), organizational management satisfaction (b = -0.146, p < 0.01), and emotional exhaustion (b = 0.135, p < 0.01) were identified as significant direct predictors of the turnover intention of physicians, with 41.2% of the variance explained unitedly, under the control of sociodemographic variables, among which gender, age, and years of service were always significant. However, job-itself satisfaction no longer became significant, with the estimated parameter on job rewards satisfaction smaller after burnout syndrome variables were included. As congregated latent concepts, job satisfaction had both significant direct effects (gamma21 = -0.32, p < 0.01) and indirect effects (gamma11 × beta21 = -0.13, p < 0.01) through occupational burnout (62% explained) as a mediator on turnover intention (47% explained).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study reveals that several, but not all dimensions of both job satisfaction and burnout syndrome are relevant factors affecting physicians' turnover intention, and there may be partial mediation effects of occupational burnout, mainly through emotional exhaustion, within the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention. This suggests that enhancements in job satisfaction can be expected to reduce physicians' intentions to quit by the intermediary role of burnout as well as the direct path. It is hoped that these findings will offer some clues for health-sector managers to keep their physician resource motivated and stable.
Cannabis use in palliative care - an examination of the evidence and the implications for nurses.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE
Examine the pharmaceutical qualities of cannabis including a historical overview of cannabis use. Discuss the use of cannabis as a clinical intervention for people experiencing palliative care, including those with life-threatening chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis and motor neurone disease [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] in the UK.


BACKGROUND
The non-medicinal use of cannabis has been well documented in the media. There is a growing scientific literature on the benefits of cannabis in symptom management in cancer care. Service users, nurses and carers need to be aware of the implications for care and treatment if cannabis is being used medicinally.


DESIGN
A comprehensive literature review.


METHOD
Literature searches were made of databases from 1996 using the term cannabis and the combination terms of cannabis and palliative care; symptom management; cancer; oncology; chronic illness; motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and multiple sclerosis. Internet material provided for service users searching for information about the medicinal use of cannabis was also examined.


RESULTS
The literature on the use of cannabis in health care repeatedly refers to changes for users that may be equated with improvement in quality of life as an outcome of its use. This has led to increased use of cannabis by these service users. However, the cannabis used is usually obtained illegally and can have consequences for those who choose to use it for its therapeutic value and for nurses who are providing care.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Questions and dilemmas are raised concerning the role of the nurse when caring and supporting a person making therapeutic use of cannabis.
Odometry-based online extrinsic sensor calibration

In recent years vehicles have been equipped with more and more sensors for environment perception. Among these sensors are cameras, RADAR, single-layer and multi-layer LiDAR. One key challenge for the fusion of these sensors is sensor calibration. In this paper we present a novel extrinsic calibration algorithm based on sensor odometry. Given the time-synchronized delta poses of two sensors our technique recursively estimates the relative pose between these sensors. The method is generic in that it can be used to estimate complete 6DOF poses, given the sensors provide a 6DOF odometry, as well as 3DOF poses (planar offset and yaw angle) for sensors providing a 3DOF odometry, like a single-beam LiDAR. We show that the proposed method is robust against motion degeneracy and present results on both simulated and real world data using an inertial navigation system (INS) and a stereo camera system.
Asthma-predictive-index, bronchial-challenge, sputum eosinophils in acutely wheezing preschoolers.

BACKGROUND
Most preschoolers with viral wheezing exacerbations are not atopic.


AIM
To test in a prospective controlled trial whether wheezing preschoolers presenting to the ED are different from the above in three different domains defining asthma: the atopic characteristics based on stringent asthma predictive index (S-API), the characteristics of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), and airway inflammation.


METHODS
The S-API was prospectively collected in 41 preschoolers (age 31.9 ± 17.4 months, range; 1-6 years) presenting to the ED with acute wheezing and compared to healthy preschoolers (n = 109) from our community (community control group). Thirty out of the 41 recruited preschoolers performed two sets of bronchial challenge tests (BCT)-(methacholine and adenosine) within 3 weeks and following 3 months of the acute event and compared to 30 consecutive ambulatory preschoolers, who performed BCT for diagnostic workup in our laboratory (ambulatory control group). On presentation, induced sputum (IS) was obtained from 22 of the 41 children.


OUTCOMES
Primary: S-API, secondary: BCTs characteristics and percent eosinophils in IS.


RESULTS
Significantly more wheezing preschoolers were S-API positive compared with the community control group: 20/41 (48.7%) versus 15/109 (13.7%, P < 0.001). All methacholine-BCTs-30/30 (100%) were positive compared with 13/14 (92.8%) in the ambulatory control group (P = 0.32). However, 23/27 (85.2%) were adenosine-BCT positive versus 3/17 (17.5%) in the ambulatory control group (P < 0.001). Diagnostic IS success rate was 18/22 (81.8%). Unexpectedly, 9/18 (50.0%) showed eosinophilia in the IS.


CONCLUSIONS
Wheezing preschoolers presenting to the ED is a unique population with significantly higher rate of positive S-API and adenosine-BCT compared with controls and frequently (50%) express eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Swarm Control of UAVs for Cooperative Hunting with DDDAS

Swarm control is a problem of increasing importance with technological advancements. Recently, governments have begun employing UAVs for reconnaissance, including swarms of drones searching for evasive targets. An agent-based simulation for dynamic cooperative cleaning is augmented with additional behaviors and implemented into a Dynamic Data-Driven Application System (DDDAS) framework for dynamic swarm control.
Hardware Implementation for the Echo Canceller System based Subband Technique using TMS320C6713 DSP Kit

The acoustic echo cancellation system is very important in the communication applications that are used these days; in view of this importance we have implemented this system practically by using DSP TMS320C6713 Starter Kit (DSK). The acoustic echo cancellation system was implemented based on 8 subbands techniques using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithm. The system was evaluated by measuring the performance according to Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE) factor and Mean Square Error (MSE) factor. Keywords—Acoustic echo canceller; Least Mean Square (LMS); Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS); TMS320C6713; 8 subbands adaptive filter
What you look at is what you get: gaze-based user interfaces

Envisioning, designing, and implementing the user interface require a comprehensive understanding of interaction technologies. In this forum we scout trends and discuss new technologies with the potential to influence interaction design. --- Albrecht Schmidt, Editor
Artificial neural networks - theory and applications

DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1OslRBc Artificial neural networks: theory and applications This comprehensive tutorial on artifical neural networks covers all the important neural network architectures as well as the most recent theory-e.g., pattern recognition, statistical theory, and other mathematical prerequisites. A broad range of applications is provided for each of the architectures. Artificial neural networks for intelligent manufacturing , Cihan H. Dagli, 1994, Technology & Engineering, 469 pages. This book introduces the newly emerging technology of artificial neural networks and demonstrates its use in intelligent manufacturing systems.. Presents some of the most promising current research in the design and training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with applications in speech and vision, as reported by the. Provides an introduction to the use of neural networks in mechanical engineering applications. This book presents models like Hopfield, Bi-directional Associative Memory, fuzzy. The recent interest in artificial neural networks has motivated the publication of numerous books, including selections of research papers and textbooks presenting the most.
A Review of Technical Approaches to Realizing Near-Field Communication Mobile Payments

This article describes and compares four approaches to storing payment keys and executing payment applications on mobile phones via near-field communication at the point of sale. Even though the comparison hinges on security--specifically, how well the keys and payment application are protected against misuse--other criteria such as hardware requirements, availability, management complexity, and performance are also identified and discussed.
The responsible manager.

This contractor document was prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), but has not undergone programmatic, policy, or publication review, and is provided for information only. The document provides preliminary information that may change based on new information or analysis, and represents a conservative treatment of parameters and assumptions to be used specifically for Total System Performance Assessment analyses. The document is a preliminary lower level contractor document and is not intended for publication or wide distribution.
ภูมิหลังการตั้งถิ่นฐานกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ไท-ลาว และการเคลื่อนย้ายสู่ประเทศไทย ส่วนที่ 2 Historical Background of Tai-Lao Settlement and Movement to Thailand Part 2

บทคดยอ “ภมหลงการตงถนฐานกลมชาตพนธไท-ลาว และการเคลอนยายสประเทศไทย” เปนสวนหนงของการศกษาในชดโครงการวจยศาสตราจารยวจยดเดน ศาสตราจารยอรศร ปาณนท หวขอ “การศกษาแบบองครวมของการปรบตวในบรบทใหญทแตกตางของกลมชาตพนธไท-ลาว ในพนทลมนำภาคกลางของประเทศไทย (Holistic Study for the  Adaptability in the Different Contest of Tai-Lao Ethnic in the Central Region Basin of Thailand)” การศกษานจงมงประเดนเรองการประวตศาสตรถนฐานดงเดม และกระบวนการเคลอนตวของกลมชาตพนธไท-ลาวมาสประเทศไทยในบรบทของประวตศาสตร เพอเปนพนฐานสำหรบการสรางความเขาใจในระดบถดไปของปรากฏการณทสบเนองหลงจากการเขามาตงถนฐานในประเทศไทยของกลมชาตพนธไท-ลาว อาทกลม ลาวเวยง ลาวครง ลาวพวน และลาวโซง (ไทดำ) ซงเปนประชากรกลมเปาหมายหลกของชดโครงการวจยฯ จากการศกษาขอมลทางประวตศาสตรรวมกบการศกษาภาคสนาม เพอศกษาขอมลในประเดนดานภมศาสตร พบวา การเคลอนยายของกลมชาตพนธไท-ลาวมาสลมนำภาคกลางของไทยนน มไดเปนไปดวยความยนยอมพรอมใจ หากแตเปนผลกระทบทเกดขนจากสงครามขยายอำนาจของสยาม การตงถนฐานรวมกนเปนชมชนของกลมไทดำ ไทยวน ลาวพวน ลาวเวยง ลาวครง ในลมนำภาคกลางเกดจากการกำหนดโดยมลนายเปนสำคญ กลมชาตพนธจงไมมโอกาสเลอกพนทเพอตงถนฐานแรกเรมไดเอง ถนฐานใหมในลมนำภาคกลางและถนฐานเดมในลาวและเวยดนาม มสภาพแวดลอมทางธรรมชาตและระบบนเวศวทยาทแตกตางกนสนเชง การตงถนฐานบนแผนดนทไมคนเคยจงตองปรบตวในระบบการดำเนนชวตแบบใหม แตกทำใหเกดความสมพนธทแนนแฟนกนในชมชนและเครอขายคนในกลมชาตพนธเดยวกน จนสามารถธำรงรกษาวฒนธรรม ประเพณ และภาษาทนาสนใจอยางยง อกทงยงทำใหมการปรบตวของโครงสรางทางเศรษฐกจ และสงคมครงใหญในสมยรตนโกสนทรตอนตนดวย Abstract Historical background of the settlement of Tai-Lao ethnic group and the movement to Thailand is one part of the research project on “Holistic Study for the  Adaptability in the Different Contest of Tai-Lao Ethnic in the Central Region Basin of Thailand”, by Professor Ornsiri Panin. The study aims to study the traditional and historical settlement as well as the movement of Tai-Lao ethnic group to Thailand. Historical context is the basis for the understanding of the settlement of this group, whose main population comprised Lao Wieng, Lao Khrang, Lao Phuan, and Lao Song (Tai Dum). It was found from the historical documents and field studies in terms of geographical aspects that the movement of Tai-Lao ethnic group to the basins in central Thailand was not made by the willingness, but by the effects of war and Siamese power. The communal settlement of Tai Dum, Tai Yuan, Lao Wieng, Lao Khrang, and Lao Phuan was specified by the noble head, so the people could not select the areas to settle by themselves. The new settlement in the areas of basins in central Thailand and their origins in Laos and Viet Nam was totally different in terms of natural surroundings and ecological systems. As a result, the people needed to adjust themselves to new living circumstances. However, relationship and network were also made and became their cultures, social structure in the early Rattanakosin period.
Kinetics of phase transformations in the peridynamic formulation of continuum mechanics

We study the kinetics of phase transformations in solids using the peridynamic formulation of continuum mechanics. The peridynamic theory is a nonlocal formulation that does not involve spatial derivatives, and is a powerful tool to study defects such as cracks and interfaces. We apply the peridynamic formulation to the motion of phase boundaries in one dimension. We show that unlike the classical continuum theory, the peridynamic formulation does not require any extraneous constitutive laws such as the kinetic relation (the relation between the velocity of the interface and the thermodynamic driving force acting across it) or the nucleation criterion (the criterion that determines whether a new phase arises from a single phase). Instead this information is obtained from inside the theory simply by specifying the inter-particle interaction. We derive a nucleation criterion by examining nucleation as a dynamic instability. We find the induced kinetic relation by analyzing the solutions of impact and release problems, and also directly by viewing phase boundaries as traveling waves. We also study the interaction of a phase boundary with an elastic non-transforming inclusion in two dimensions. We find that phase boundaries remain essentially planar with little bowing. Further, we find a new mechanism whereby acoustic waves ahead of the phase boundary nucleate new phase boundaries at the edges of the inclusion while the original phase boundary slows down or stops. Transformation proceeds as the freshly nucleated phase boundaries propagate leaving behind some untransformed martensite around the inclusion. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Risk scoring system to predict contrast induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND
Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the collective probability of CIN in Indian population by developing a scoring system of several identified risk factors in patients undergoing PCI.


METHODS
This is a prospective single center study of 1200 consecutive patients who underwent PCI from 2008 to 2011. Patients were randomized in 3:1 ratio into development (n = 900) and validation (n = 300) groups. CIN was defined as an increase of ≥25% and/or ≥0.5 mg/dl in serum creatinine at 48 hours after PCI when compared to baseline value. Seven independent predictors of CIN were identified using logistic regression analysis - amount of contrast, diabetes with microangiopathy, hypotension, peripheral vascular disease, albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and anemia. A formula was then developed to identify the probability of CIN using the logistic regression equation.


RESULTS
The mean (±SD) age was 57.3 (±10.2) years. 83.6% were males. The total incidence of CIN was 9.7% in the development group. The total risk of renal replacement therapy in the study group is 1.1%. Mortality is 0.5%. The risk scoring model correlated well in the validation group (incidence of CIN was 8.7%, sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 82.1%, c statistic 0.95).


CONCLUSION
A simple risk scoring equation can be employed to predict the probability of CIN following PCI, applying it to each individual. More vigilant preventive measures can be applied to the high risk candidates.
A blueprint for democratic citizenship education in South African public schools : African teachers' perceptions of good citizenship

The notion that South African public schools have a distinctively civic mission is recognised in all national education policy documents published since the first democratic election in 1994. The teaching of democratic citizenship education in public schools is a newcomer to South Africa. The purpose in this article is to summarise scholars' views on the attributes of a good citizen and the role of the school in this regard and to report the outcomes of a research project on African teachers' perceptions on the factors contributing to good citizenship. Ascertaining what scholars and African teachers thought would provide a reasonable starting point for addressing the issue of education for democratic citizenship in South African public schools.
Software-Defined Networking: State of the Art and Research Challenges

Plug-and-play information technology (IT) infrastructure has been expanding very rapidly in recent years. With the advent of cloud computing, many ecosystem and business paradigms are encountering potential changes and may be able to eliminate their IT infrastructure maintenance processes. Real-time performance and high availability requirements have induced telecom networks to adopt the new concepts of the cloud model: software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). NFV introduces and deploys new network functions in an open and standardized IT environment, while SDN aims to transform the way networks function. SDN and NFV are complementary technologies; they do not depend on each other. However, both concepts can be merged and have the potential to mitigate the challenges of legacy networks. In this paper, our aim is to describe the benefits of using SDN in a multitude of environments such as in data centers, data center networks, and Network as Service offerings. We also present the various challenges facing SDN, from scalability to reliability and security concerns, and discuss existing solutions to these challenges. Keywords—Software-Defined Networking, OpenFlow, Datacenters, Network as a Service, Network Function Virtualization.
Series Viscoelastic Actuators Can Match Human Force Perception

Series elastic actuators (SEAs) are frequently used for force control in haptic interaction, because they decouple actuator inertia from the end effector by a compliant element. This element is usually a metal spring or beam, where the static force-deformation relationship offers a cheap force sensor. For high-precision force control, however, the remaining small inertia of this elastic element and of the end effector still limit the sensing performance and rendering transparency. Here, we extend the concept to deformable end effectors manufactured of viscoelastic materials. These materials offer the advantage of extremely low mass at high maximum deformation and applicable load. However, force and deformation are no longer statically related, and history of force and deformation has to be accounted for. We describe an observer-based solution, which allows drift-free force measurement with high accuracy and precision. Although the description of the viscoelastic behavior involves higher-order derivatives, the proposed observer does not require any numerical differentiation. This new integrated concept of sensing and actuation, called series viscoelastic actuator (SVA), is applied to our high-precision haptic device OSVALD, which is targeted at perception experiments that require sensing and rendering of forces in the range of the human tactile threshold. User-device interaction force is controlled using state-of-the-art control strategies of SEAs. Force estimation and force control performance are evaluated experimentally and prove to be compatible with the intended applications, showing that SVAs open up new possibilities for the use of series compliance and damping in high-precision haptic interfaces.