LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Optimal operation of DC smart house system by controllable loads based on smart grid topology

From the perspective of global warming mitigation and depletion of energy resources, renewable energy such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic generation (PV) are getting attention in distribution systems. Additionally, all-electric apartment houses or residence such as DC smart houses are increasing. However, due to the fluctuating power from renewable energy sources and loads, supply-demand balancing of power system becomes problematic. Smart grid is a solution to this problem. This paper presents a methodology for optimal operation of a smart grid to minimize the interconnection point power flow fluctuation. To achieve the proposed optimal operation, we use distributed controllable loads such as battery and heat pump. By minimizing the interconnection point power flow fluctuation, it is possible to reduce the electric power consumption and the cost of electricity. This system consists of photovoltaic generator, heat pump, battery, solar collector, and load. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, results are used in simulation presented. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of perioperative synbiotics versus no synbiotics on bacterial translocation after oesophagectomy.

BACKGROUND
The impact of perioperative synbiotics on bacterial translocation and subsequent bacteraemia after oesophagectomy is unclear. This study investigated the effect of perioperative synbiotic administration on the incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the occurrence of postoperative bacteraemia.


METHODS
Patients with oesophageal cancer were randomized to receive perioperative synbiotics or no synbiotics (control group). MLNs were harvested from the jejunal mesentery before dissection (MLN-1) and after the restoration of digestive tract continuity (MLN-2). Blood and faeces samples were taken before and after operation. Microorganisms in each sample were detected using a bacterium-specific ribosomal RNA-targeted reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.


RESULTS
Some 42 patients were included. There was a significant difference between the two groups in detection levels of microorganisms in the MLN-1 samples. Microorganisms were more frequently detected in MLN-2 samples in the control group than in the synbiotics group (10 of 18 versus 3 of 18; P = 0·035). In addition, bacteraemia detected using RT-qPCR 1 day after surgery was more prevalent in the control group than in the synbiotics group (12 of 21 versus 4 of 21; P = 0·025). Neutrophil counts on postoperative days 1, 2 and 7 after surgery were all significantly higher in the control group than in the synbiotics group.


CONCLUSION
Perioperative use of synbiotics reduces the incidence of bacteria in the MLNs and blood. These beneficial effects probably contribute to a reduction in the inflammatory response after oesophagectomy.


REGISTRATION NUMBER
ID 000003262 (University Hospital Medical Information Network, http://www.umin.ac.jp).
Metal contamination of soil and translocation in vegetables growing under industrial wastewater irrigated agricultural field of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate metals concentration in ten vegetable crops growing in mixed industrial effluent irrigated agricultural field near Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Differential accumulation and translocation of various metals in selected vegetables plant species was observed. A higher concentration of metals were found in order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>As in soil irrigated with industrial effluent than soil irrigated with tube well water; however, the concentration of As, Cr and Pb found below detection limit in tube well water irrigated soil. Metal accumulation in root and top of vegetables varied significantly both in relations to metal concentration in the soil and the plant genotype. Among ten vegetable species studied five vegetable species, i.e. Spinach, Radish, Tomato, Chili and Cabbage growing in mixed industrial effluent irrigated agricultural field showed high accumulation and translocation of toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) in their edible parts, thus, their cultivation are unsafe with respect to possible transfer in food chain and health hazards. However, it is suggested that vegetable crops restricting toxic metal in non-edible port may be recommended for cultivation in such metal contaminated agricultural field.
Emerging risk factors and the dose–response relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective case–control study

AIMS
The role of high-intensity exercise and other emerging risk factors in lone atrial fibrillation (Ln-AF) epidemiology is still under debate. The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of each of the emerging risk factors and the impact of physical activity dose in patients with Ln-AF.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients with Ln-AF and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in a 2:1 prospective case-control study. We obtained clinical and anthropometric data transthoracic echocardiography, lifetime physical activity questionnaire, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Berlin questionnaire score, and, in patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome, a polysomnography. A total of 115 cases and 57 controls were enrolled. Conditional logistic regression analysis associated height [odds ratio (OR) 1.06 [1.01-1.11]], waist circumference (OR 1.06 [1.02-1.11]), OSA (OR 5.04 [1.44-17.45]), and 2000 or more hours of cumulative high-intensity endurance training to a higher AF risk. Our data indicated a U-shaped association between the extent of high-intensity training and AF risk. The risk of AF increased with an accumulated lifetime endurance sport activity ≥ 2,000 h compared with sedentary individuals (OR 3.88 [1.55-9.73]). Nevertheless, a history of <2000 h of high-intensity training protected against AF when compared with sedentary individuals (OR 0.38 [0.12-0.98]).


CONCLUSION
A history of ≥ 2,000 h of vigorous endurance training, tall stature, abdominal obesity, and OSA are frequently encountered as risk factors in patients with Ln-AF. Fewer than 2000 total hours of high-intensity endurance training associates with reduced Ln-AF risk.
Communicative leadership : (Re)Contextualizing a Swedish concept in theory and within organizational settings

The purpose of this thesis is to theorize about the concept of communicative leadership as well as explore the construction of the concept in three Swedish national and multinational organizations. ...
One Approach to the Jacobian Conjecture

The Jacobian Conjecture can be generalized and is established : Let S be a polynomial ring over a field of characteristic zero in finitely may variables. Let T be an unramified, finitely generated extension of S with T = k. Then T = S. Let k be an algebraically closed field, let k be an affine space of dimension n over k and let f : k −→ k be a morphism of algebraic varieties. Then f is given by coordinate functions f1, . . . , fn, where fi ∈ k[X1, . . . , Xn] and k = Max(k[X1, . . . , Xn]). If f has an inverse morphism, then the Jacobian det(∂fi/∂Xj) is a nonzero constant. This follows from the easy chain rule. The Jacobian Conjecture asserts the converse. If k is of characteristic p > 0 and f(X) = X +X, then df/dX = f (X) = 1 but X can not be expressed as a polynomial in f. Thus we must assume the characteristic of k is zero. The Jacobian Conjecture is the following : If f1, · · · , fn be elements in a polynomial ring k[X1, · · · , Xn] over a field k of characteristic zero such that det(∂fi/∂Xj) is a nonzero constant, then k[f1, · · · , fn] = k[X1, · · · , Xn]. To prove the Jacobian Conjecture, we treat a more general case. More precisely, we show the following result: 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification : Primary 13C25, Secondary 15A18
Does Math Achievement "h'APP'en" when iPads and Game-Based Learning Are Incorporated into Fifth-Grade Mathematics Instruction?.

After 10 years of No Child Left Behind standards-focused education, mathematics scores have improved only marginally for elementary-aged students. Students who developed a solid conceptual mathematics foundation at the elementary level succeeded later in higher-level mathematics courses; thus, educators have sought ways to increase mathematics achievement, especially among elementary school students. Educators have utilized advances in technology with gamebased learning applications and wireless Internet access to create exciting interactive learning opportunities for students that may translate into student achievement. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of iPad use as a 1-to-1 (1:1) computing device on 5th-grade students’ mathematics achievement in two rural Virginia elementary schools. A nonequivalent groups pretest and posttest design was used with 104 fifth-grade students. For one academic quarter of nine weeks, the experimental group used iPads as 1:1 computing devices daily during mathematics class while the control group members did not. A pretest was administered before the iPad intervention and a posttest was administered after the iPad intervention. The change from pretest to posttest was not significantly different between the two groups as measured by a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Recommendations for future study include increasing the intervention duration, using additional participants, collecting qualitative data, and providing students with continuous 24-hour, seven-day-a-week iPad access.
Theoretical Foundations of Spatially-Variant Mathematical Morphology Part II: Gray-Level Images

In this paper, we develop a spatially-variant (SV) mathematical morphology theory for gray-level signals and images in the Euclidean space. The proposed theory preserves the geometrical concept of the structuring function, which provides the foundation of classical morphology and is essential in signal and image processing applications. We define the basic SV gray-level morphological operators (that is, SV gray-level erosion, dilation, opening, and closing) and investigate their properties. We demonstrate the ubiquity of SV gray-level morphological systems by deriving a kernel representation for a large class of systems, called V-systems, in terms of the basic SV gray-level morphological operators. A V-system is defined to be a gray-level operator, which is invariant under gray-level (vertical) translations. Particular attention is focused on the class of SV flat gray-level operators. The kernel representation for increasing V-systems is a generalization of Maragos' kernel representation for increasing and translation-invariant function-processing systems. A representation of V-systems in terms of their kernel elements is established for increasing and upper semicontinuous V-systems. This representation unifies a large class of spatially-variant-linear and nonlinear systems under the same mathematical framework. The theory is used for analyzing special cases of signal and image processing systems such as SV order rank filters and ' linear-time-varying systems. Finally, simulation results show the potential power of the general theory of gray-level SV mathematical morphology in several image analysis and computer vision applications.
Design principles for composition and performance of cultured skin substitutes.

Engineering of skin substitutes provides a prospective source of advanced therapies for treatment of acute and chronic skin wounds. Hypothetically, engineering of skin substitutes can allow deliberate fabrication of biologic materials with properties that address specific patho-biologic conditions (e.g., burns, scars, cutaneous ulcers, congenital anomalies). By design and incorporation of specific therapeutic properties in skin substitutes, reduction of morbidity and mortality from full-thickness skin wounds may be facilitated. Morbidity from grafting of autologous, split-thickness skin [1] occurs at both the treatment site and the donor site [2]. Acute wounds that require grafting include excised burns, burn scars, and congenital cutaneous anomalies (i.e. giant nevus). Patients with acute wounds, in general, do not have healing impairment, but may not have sufficient donor sites to cover their wounds if large total body surface areas (TBSA) are involved. Estimates for hospitalizations from burns range from 60 000–80 000 annually, and costs for recovery from acute injuries range from US$36 000–117 000 per patient [3–5]. Increased availability of skin grafts would prospectively provide advantages over conventional therapy including, but not limited to: reduction of donor site area required to close wounds permanently; reduction of surgical procedures and hospitalization time; grafting of patients who are poor candidates for donation of skin grafts; reduction of mortality and morbidity from scarring; and delivery of genetically-modified cells [6–10]. The ultimate objective for skin substitutes is restoration of the anatomy and physiology of uninjured skin after treatment and healing of the wound. At present, only autologous full-thickness skin grafts, free flaps or pedicle flaps [11,12] restore all of the structures and functions of uninjured skin but donor sites and treatment sites must be equal in size. Tissue expanders can stretch skin by an approximate factor of 2, but are associated with complications including rupture or infection of the expander, and necrosis of expanded skin before transplantation [13]. Meshed split-thickness skin grafts may be expanded by ratios of 1:4 with characteristic scarring of mesh interstices. Skin substitutes that contain cultured cells can provide large quantities of grafts for wound treatment, but restore only a subset of anatomic structures and physiologic functions of skin. Therefore, the full potential for engineering of skin substitutes has not yet been realized.
Pediatric tuberculosis at Beijing Children's Hospital: 2002-2010.

OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to describe the patient characteristics, clinical-epidemiological profile, and treatment outcome of childhood tuberculosis (TB).


METHODS
A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken of 1212 children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital for the treatment of TB from January 2002 to December 2010. Statistical significance of category variables was evaluated by using Fisher's exact test.


RESULTS
Fifty-four percent of patients had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), 38.8% had tuberculous meningitis, and 31.3% had disseminated TB. The last 2 types were defined as severe TB. Most patients with TB (81.6%) were cured or completed treatment. There were more patients aged <5 years and from rural areas with EPTB than with pulmonary tuberculosis. More severe cases of TB were found in patients aged <1 year than other less severe types of TB. Patients with no bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination and a contact history at home had a significantly risk of contracting severe TB. Children aged <1 year and those with severe TB were more likely to have poor treatment outcomes (failed to improve or died). Among those with EPTB, only 61.3% and 61.1% had positive results on the purified protein derivative tuberculin skin test and chest radiograph, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In this referral hospital setting, more pediatric EPTB and severe TB patients were found among children aged <1 year. Age <1 year and having severe TB were risk factors for treatment failure. Thus, prevention and health care in pediatric TB should focus on both EPTB and severe TB.
How Amazon web services uses formal methods

Engineers use TLA+ to prevent serious but subtle bugs from reaching production.
A comparative analysis of two building rating systems Part 1: Evaluation

Buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of world energy usage, raw material consumption, fresh water withdrawals, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and municipal waste production. In recognition of these problems, buildings are increasingly being procured through green design principles, and a number of tools have been developed to evaluate their environmental performance. This paper compares the two most widely adopted schemes—the UK Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (Breeam) and the international Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (Leed), as implemented by the Canada Green Building Council. The nature and limitations of these kinds of building rating systems are discussed and their performance is analysed by considering the way credits are allocated, their ability to be customised, the complexity involved in the assessment process and the accessibility of the information they generate. The paper indicates some limitations in current practice. Emerging trends that will shape the development of future building rating systems are discussed.
Cost curves: An improved method for visualizing classifier performance

This paper introduces cost curves, a graphical technique for visualizing the performance (error rate or expected cost) of 2-class classifiers over the full range of possible class distributions and misclassification costs. Cost curves are shown to be superior to ROC curves for visualizing classifier performance for most purposes. This is because they visually support several crucial types of performance assessment that cannot be done easily with ROC curves, such as showing confidence intervals on a classifier's performance, and visualizing the statistical significance of the difference in performance of two classifiers. A software tool supporting all the cost curve analysis described in this paper is available from the authors.
Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as causal risk factors for myocardial infarction.

AIMS
Elevated non-fasting triglycerides mark elevated levels of remnant cholesterol. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we tested whether genetically increased remnant cholesterol in hypertriglyceridaemia due to genetic variation in the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) associates with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI).


METHODS AND RESULTS
We resequenced the core promoter and coding regions of APOA5 in individuals with the lowest 1% (n = 95) and highest 2% (n = 190) triglyceride levels in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS, n = 10 391). Genetic variants which differed in frequency between the two extreme triglyceride groups (c.-1131T > C, S19W, and c.*31C > T; P-value: 0.06 to <0.001), thus suggesting an effect on triglyceride levels, were genotyped in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), the CCHS, and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease Study (CIHDS), comprising a total of 5705 MI cases and 54 408 controls. Genotype combinations of these common variants associated with increases in non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol of, respectively, up to 68% (1.10 mmol/L) and 56% (0.40 mmol/L) (P < 0.001), and with a corresponding odds ratio for MI of 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.25-2.81). Using APOA5 genotypes in instrumental variable analysis, the observational hazard ratio for a doubling in non-fasting triglycerides was 1.57 (1.32-2.68) compared with a causal genetic odds ratio of 1.94 (1.40-1.85) (P for comparison = 0.28). For calculated remnant cholesterol, the corresponding values were 1.67(1.38-2.02) observational and 2.23(1.48-3.35) causal (P for comparison = 0.21).


CONCLUSION
These data are consistent with a causal association between elevated levels of remnant cholesterol in hypertriglyceridaemia and an increased risk of MI. Limitations include that remnants were not measured directly, and that APOA5 genetic variants may influence other lipoprotein parameters.
System dynamics in software project management: towards the development of a formal integrated framework

Successful software development is becoming increasingly important as software basedsystems are at the core of a company`s new products. However, recent surveys show that most projects fail to meet their targets highlighting the inadequacies of traditional project management techniques to cope with the unique characteristics of this field. Despite the major breakthroughs in the discipline of software engineering, improvement of management methodologies has not occurred, and it is now recognised that the major opportunities for better results are to be found in this area. Poor strategic management and related human factors have been cited as a major cause for failures in several industries. Traditional project management techniques have proven inadequate to incorporate explicitly these higher-level and softer issues. System Dynamics emerged as a methodology for modelling the behaviour of complex socio-economic systems. There has been a number of applications to project management, and in particular in the field of software development. This new approach provides the opportunity for an alternative view in which the major project influences are considered and quantified explicitly. Grounded on a holistic perspective it avoids consideration of the detail required by the traditional tools and ensures that the key aspects of the general project behaviour are the main priority. However, if the approach is to play a core role in future of software project management it needs to embedded within the traditional decision-making framework. The authors developed a conceptual integrated model, the PMIM, which is now being tested and improved within a large on-going software project. Such a framework should specify the roles of system dynamics models, how they are to be used within the traditional management process, how they exchange information with the traditional models, and a general method to support model development. This paper identifies the distinctive contribution of System Dynamics to software management, proposes a conceptual model for an integrated management framework, and discusses its underlying principles. Research News Join our email list to receive details of when new research papers are published and the quarterly departmental newsletter. To subscribe send a blank email to managementsciencesubscribe@egroups.com. Details of our research papers can be found at www.mansci.strath.ac.uk/papers.html. Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Graham Hills Building, 40 George Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Email: mgtsci@mansci.strath.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)141 548 3613 Fax: +44 (0)141 552 6686
Dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages

This paper argues that we should seek the golden middle way between dynamically and statically typed languages.
Production of L(+)-lactic acid with Rhizopus oryzae immobilized in polyurethane foam cubes

Polyurethane foam cubes were employed as carriers to immobilize Rhizopus oryzae for L(+)-lactic acid production. The immobilizing capacity reached 450 g-fresh cell/l-cube. The production rate of L(+)-lactic acid could be threefold increased by using the immobilized R. oryzae. The immobilized cells could be steadily used in repetitive fermentations for more than 10 batches.