LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the impact of powerpoint and chalkboard in undergraduate medical teaching: an evidence based study.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the impact of the PowerPoint multimedia presentation and chalkboard in teaching by assessing the knowledge based on the marks obtained.


STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from December 2007 - June 2009.


METHODOLOGY
Three-hundred male medical students were divided into three groups and a selected content-based lecture in physiology was delivered. For one group lecture was delivered using PowerPoint presentation, for second group using chalkboard and for third group the lecture was delivered by using both PowerPoint as well as chalkboard. Single-best Multiple Choice Questions [MCQs] paper was used for assessing the knowledge gained. The same exercise was repeated in another medical science school for the confirmation of validity and reliability of the results.


RESULTS
Students who attended the class on both PowerPoint and chalkboard obtained significantly higher score in single best MCQ examination compared to those students who attended the same content based lecture on the PowerPoint or chalkboard alone (p = 0.05).


CONCLUSION
The integrated (PowerPoint and chalkboard) method of teaching was found more suitable tool of teaching and learning than PowerPoint or chalkboard alone.
Reducing Academic Achievement Gaps: The Role of Community Service and Service-Learning:

Three large and diverse data sets were used to study the relations among 6th-12th grade students' community service and service-learning experiences, academic success, and socioeconomic status (SES). Principals in high-poverty, urban, and majority nonwhite schools were more likely to judge service-learning's impact on student attendance, engagement, and academic achievement as very positive. Students with higher levels of service/service-learning reported higher grades, attendance, and other academic success outcomes. Low-SES students with service/servicelearning scored better on most academic success variables than their lowSES peers with less or no service or service-learning. Service-learning may be especially attractive to principals oflow-SES schools, in part because it may be related to higher achievement generally and to smaller achievement gaps between higherand lower-income students.
Image Inpainting : Overview and Recent Advances

Image inpainting refers to the process of restoring missing or damaged areas in an image. This field of research has been very active over recent years, boosted by numerous applications: restoring images from scratches or text overlays, loss concealment in a context of impaired image transmission, object removal in a context of editing, or disocclusion in image-based rendering (IBR) of viewpoints different from those captured by the cameras. Although earlier work dealing with disocclusion has been published in [1], the term inpainting first appeared in [2] by analogy with a process used in art restoration.
The nature and nurture of intelligence and motivation in the origins of sex differences in elementary school achievement

This study investigates the roles of intelligence and school-related motivation in sex differences in school achievement and whether there are sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on these variables. In a sample of 4464 9-year-old twins, intelligence, ablility self-perceptions, intrinsic values and achievement scores were assessed. Girls outperformed boys in English and had better corresponding ability self-perceptions, whereas in Math boys showed better attainment and ability self-perceptions. For both sexes and all three domains, intelligence was the strongest predictor of achievement and ability self-perceptions added incrementally to the prediction. Evidence of genetic influences was found for all measures but shared environmental influences were not important. These findings challenge some widely held assumptions about the development of children's motivation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon.

Thin films of lithium niobate are wafer bonded onto silicon substrates and rib-loaded with a chalcogenide glass, Ge(23)Sb(7)S(70), to demonstrate strongly confined single-mode submicron waveguides, microring modulators, and Mach-Zehnder modulators in the telecom C band. The 200 μm radii microring modulators present 1.2 dB/cm waveguide propagation loss, 1.2 × 10(5) quality factor, 0.4 GHz/V tuning rate, and 13 dB extinction ratio. The 6 mm long Mach-Zehnder modulators have a half-wave voltage-length product of 3.8 V.cm and an extinction ratio of 15 dB. The demonstrated work is a key step towards enabling wafer scale dense on-chip integration of high performance lithium niobate electro-optical devices on silicon for short reach optical interconnects and higher order advanced modulation schemes.
Effect of Carotene and Lycopene on the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

BACKGROUND
Many epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between carotenoids intake and risk of Prostate cancer (PCa). However, results have been inconclusive.


METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of dietary intake or blood concentrations of carotenoids in relation to PCa risk. We summarized the data from 34 eligible studies (10 cohort, 11 nested case-control and 13 case-control studies) and estimated summary Risk Ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models.


RESULTS
Neither dietary β-carotene intake nor its blood levels was associated with reduced PCa risk. Dietary α-carotene intake and lycopene consumption (both dietary intake and its blood levels) were all associated with reduced risk of PCa (RR for dietary α-carotene intake: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.76-0.99; RR for dietary lycopene intake: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.75-0.98; RR for blood lycopene levels: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69-0.96). However, neither blood α-carotene levels nor blood lycopene levels could reduce the risk of advanced PCa. Dose-response analysis indicated that risk of PCa was reduced by 2% per 0.2mg/day (95%CI: 0.96-0.99) increment of dietary α-carotene intake or 3% per 1mg/day (95%CI: 0.94-0.99) increment of dietary lycopene intake.


CONCLUSIONS
α-carotene and lycopene, but not β-carotene, were inversely associated with the risk of PCa. However, both α-carotene and lycopene could not lower the risk of advanced PCa.
Hermite and Smith normal form algorithms over Dedekind domains

We show how the usual algorithms valid over Euclidean domains, such as the Hermite Normal Form, the modular Hermite Normal Form and the Smith Normal Form can be extended to Dedekind rings. In a sequel to this paper, we will explain the use of these algorithms for computing in relative extensions of number fields. The goal of this paper is to explain how to generalize to a Dedekind domain R many of the algorithms which are usually associated with a Euclidean domain, such as the Hermite Normal Form algorithm (including a modular version), and the Smith Normal Form algorithm. Since the goal of this paper is eminently practical, we will restrict our attention to the case where R is the ring of integers of a number field, for which we assume known a Z-basis. Most of the algorithms can however be transposed to a more general context. An immediate application of these algorithms (which was evidently our sole motivation) is to computing in relative extensions of number fields. This can now indeed be done very easily, as we will show in a subsequent paper ([3]). These ideas have already been used by Bosma and Pohst [1]. Notations: R will always denote the ring of integers ZK of a number field K (although most of the results apply to general Dedekind domains), and K is the field of fractions of R. Unless otherwise specified, an ideal of R will always mean a nonzero fractional ideal.
Sequence training of multiple deep neural networks for better performance and faster training speed

Recently, sequence level discriminative training methods have been proposed to fine-tune deep neural networks (DNN) after the framelevel cross entropy (CE) training to further improve recognition performance of DNNs. In our previous work, we have proposed a new cluster-based multiple DNNs structure and its parallel training algorithm based on the frame-level cross entropy criterion, which can significantly expedite CE training with multiple GPUs. In this paper, we extend to full sequence training for the multiple DNNs structure for better performance and meanwhile we also consider a partial parallel implementation of sequence training using multiple GPUs for faster training speed. In this work, it is shown that sequence training can be easily extended to multiple DNNs by slightly modifying error signals in output layer. Many implementation steps in sequence training of multiple DNNs can still be parallelized across multiple GPUs for better efficiency. Experiments on the Switchboard task have shown that both frame-level CE training and sequence training of multiple DNNs can lead to massive training speedup with little degradation in recognition performance. Comparing with the state-of-the-art DNN, 4-cluster multiple DNNs model with similar size can achieve more than 7 times faster in CE training and about 1.5 times faster in sequence training when using 4 GPUs.
A Multilingual Datasets Repository of the Hadith Content

Knowledge extraction from unstructured data is a challenging research problem in research domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It requires complex NLP tasks like entity extraction and Information Extraction (IE), but one of the most challenging tasks is to extract all the required entities of data in the form of structured format so that data analysis can be applied. Our focus is to explain how the data is extracted in the form of datasets or conventional database so that further text and data analysis can be carried out. This paper presents a framework for Hadith data extraction from the Hadith authentic sources. Hadith is the collection of sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad, who is the last holy prophet according to Islamic teachings. This paper discusses the preparation of the dataset repository and highlights issues in the relevant research domain. The research problem and their solutions of data extraction, preprocessing and data analysis are elaborated. The results have been evaluated using the standard performance evaluation measures. The dataset is available in multiple languages, multiple formats and is available free of cost for research purposes. Keywords—Data extraction; preprocessing; regex; Hadith; text analysis; parsing
Within- and among-species variation in specific leaf area drive community assembly in a tropical cloud forest

Specific leaf area (SLA) is a key functional trait reflecting the trade-off between resource capture and conservation, and has been identified as playing an important role in plant community assembly. Mechanistic models of community assembly state that the assemblage of species in a local community is controlled by environment filters operating on functional traits. We measured within- and among-species variation of SLA, and environmental conditions in a tropical cloud forest to explore how variation in this functional trait contributes to community assembly. SLA variation at the species level was also decomposed into alpha (within assemblage variation), and beta (across assemblage variation) values. SLA decreased with increasing solar irradiance (approximated using plant height) within the three study sites, and differed among the three sites both for within- and among-species comparisons. Mean plot SLA, accounting for both within and among species across the three sites, increased significantly in relation to air temperature but not local photosynthetic photon flux density and soil total phosphorus. Alpha SLA decreased with increasing solar irradiance within the three sites and beta SLA differed among the three sites. Our results clearly demonstrate that light and air temperature are key environmental factors involved in organizing plant species within and among communities in tropical cloud forests. The strong relationship between both intra- and interspecific variation in SLA and environmental conditions strongly confirms the role of trait variation in the assembly of plant species in tropical cloud forest communities via environment filtering related to light availability and air temperature.
Use of Home Telemonitoring to Support Multidisciplinary Care of Heart Failure Patients in Finland: Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND
Heart failure (HF) patients suffer from frequent and repeated hospitalizations, causing a substantial economic burden on society. Hospitalizations can be reduced considerably by better compliance with self-care. Home telemonitoring has the potential to boost patients' compliance with self-care, although the results are still contradictory.


OBJECTIVE
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in order to study whether the multidisciplinary care of heart failure patients promoted with telemonitoring leads to decreased HF-related hospitalization.


METHODS
HF patients were eligible whose left ventricular ejection fraction was lower than 35%, NYHA functional class ≥2, and who needed regular follow-up. Patients in the telemonitoring group (n=47) measured their body weight, blood pressure, and pulse and answered symptom-related questions on a weekly basis, reporting their values to the heart failure nurse using a mobile phone app. The heart failure nurse followed the status of patients weekly and if necessary contacted the patient. The primary outcome was the number of HF-related hospital days. Control patients (n=47) received multidisciplinary treatment according to standard practices. Patients' clinical status, use of health care resources, adherence, and user experience from the patients' and the health care professionals' perspective were studied.


RESULTS
Adherence, calculated as a proportion of weekly submitted self-measurements, was close to 90%. No difference was found in the number of HF-related hospital days (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.812, P=.351), which was the primary outcome. The intervention group used more health care resources: they paid an increased number of visits to the nurse (IRR=1.73, P<.001), spent more time at the nurse reception (mean difference of 48.7 minutes, P<.001), and there was a greater number of telephone contacts between the nurse and intervention patients (IRR=3.82, P<.001 for nurse-induced contacts and IRR=1.63, P=.049 for patient-induced contacts). There were no statistically significant differences in patients' clinical health status or in their self-care behavior. The technology received excellent feedback from the patient and professional side with a high adherence rate throughout the study.


CONCLUSIONS
Home telemonitoring did not reduce the number of patients' HF-related hospital days and did not improve the patients' clinical condition. Patients in the telemonitoring group contacted the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic more frequently, and on this way increased the use of health care resources.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01759368; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01759368 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6UFxiCk8Z).
Using Jini to Integrate Home Automation in a Distributed Software-System

The last few years, a tendency arose to integrate various programmable devices through ever expanding computer networks. One particular domain in which this evolution stood out clearly is home automation. The EIB standard defines a home automation solution that consists of a network of cooperating components with little computational power. Bridging the EIB network with a computer network allows software to interact with these EIB components. However, past attempts to link EIB components with computer networks fell short in dynamism, automatism or user friendliness. In this paper we present a distributed software framework that overcomes these issues, and is capable of automatically generating a software model based on the configuration of the components on the EIB fieldbus. A framework that can be used in this perspective is Jini. Its excellent capabilities for dynamic reconfiguration and its proven deployment in domestic and office environments make it an appropriate candidate for supporting home automation systems.
The Effects of Frustration on Negativistic Behavior of Young Children

* Received in the Editorial Ofice on May 3, 1941. 1 This paper was presented in part before the American Psychological Association at State College, Pa., on September 6, 1940.
Sources and transformation of dissolved organic carbon in the Harp Lake forested catchment: the role of soils

The 14C content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams, soil water and groundwaters in the Harp Lake catchment in Ontario, Canada, reflect a mixture of DOC sources, including both contemporary plant material and 14Cdepleted soil organic matter. The concentration and isotopic content of DOC in streams is highly variable, reflecting the complex flow path of the source water entering the streams. The characteristics of groundwater DOC are set in the soil column, either through DOC production in the deeper soil layers, or through preferential decomposition and/or sorption of 14C-enriched DOC components from percolating waters. We estimate the relative magnitudes of decomposition, transport and sorption as sinks for DOC produced in forested catchment soils.
Temporal coordination through communication: using genres in a virtual start-up organization

Purpose – To explain how genres structure temporal coordination in virtual teams over time. Design/methodology/approach – The first year e-mail archive of a small distributed software development start-up was coded and analyzed and these primary data were complemented with interviews of the key participants and examination of notes from the weekly phone meetings. Findings – In this paper, it is found that members of a small start-up organization temporally coordinated their dispersed activities through everyday communicative practices, thus accomplishing both the distributed development of a software system and the creation of a robust virtual team. In particular, the LC members used three specific genres – status reports, bug/error notifications, and update notifications – and one genre system – phone meeting management – to coordinate their distributed software development over time. Research limitations/implications – The study confirms the various suggestions from prior virtual team research that structuring communication and work process is an important mechanism for the temporal coordination of dispersed activities. In particular, an attempt has been made to show that the notions of genre and genre system are particularly useful to make sense of and analyze how such structuring actually occurs over time. Originality/value – In this paper, the research focus is shifted from how a given set of temporal coordination mechanisms affect team performance to how coordination mechanisms emerge, are stabilized, and adapted over time. It is also shown how the notion of genre may be used to shed light on the practices through which temporal coordination is accomplished in geographically distributed teams.
Development of immunity following financial incentives for hepatitis B vaccination among people who inject drugs: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) but have low rates of vaccination completion. The provision of modest financial incentives increases vaccination schedule completion, but their association with serological protection has yet to be determined.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate factors associated with vaccine-induced immunity among a sample of PWID randomly allocated to receive AUD$30 cash following receipt of doses two and three ('incentive condition') or standard care ('control condition') using an accelerated 3-dose (0,7,21 days) HBV vaccination schedule.


STUDY DESIGN
A randomised controlled trial among PWID attending two inner-city health services and a field site in Sydney, Australia, assessing vaccine-induced immunity measured by hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb ≥ 10 mIU/ml) at 12 weeks. The cost of the financial incentives and the provision of the vaccine program are also reported.


RESULTS
Just over three-quarters of participants - 107/139 (77%)--completed the vaccination schedule and 79/139 (57%) were HBsAb ≥ 10 mIU/ml at 12 weeks. Vaccine series completion was the only variable significantly associated with vaccine-induced immunity in univariate analysis (62% vs 41%, p<0.035) but was not significant in multivariate analysis. There was no statistically discernible association between group allocation and series completion (62% vs 53%). The mean costs were AUD$150.5, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 142.7-158.3) and AUD$76.9 (95% CI: 72.6-81.3) for the intervention and control groups respectively.


CONCLUSION
Despite increasing HBV vaccination completion, provision of financial incentives was not associated with enhanced serological protection. Further research into factors which affect response rates and the optimal vaccination regimen and incentive schemes for this population are needed.