LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Boolean Solution Problem from the Perspective of Predicate Logic - Extended Version

Finding solution values for unknowns in Boolean equations was a principal reasoning mode in the Algebra of Logic of the 19th century. Schröder investigated it as Auflösungsproblem (solution problem). It is closely related to the modern notion of Boolean unification. Today it is commonly presented in an algebraic setting, but seems potentially useful also in knowledge representation based on predicate logic. We show that it can be modeled on the basis of first-order logic extended by secondorder quantification. A wealth of classical results transfers, foundations for algorithms unfold, and connections with second-order quantifier elimination and Craig interpolation show up. Although for first-order inputs the set of solutions is recursively enumerable, the development of constructive methods remains a challenge. We identify some cases that allow constructions, most of them based on Craig interpolation, and show a method to take vocabulary restrictions on solution components into account. Revision: June 26, 2017
Twenty-eight years of component-based software engineering

The idea of developing software components was envisioned more than forty years ago. In the past two decades, Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) has emerged as a distinguishable approach in software engineering, and it has attracted the attention of many researchers, which has led to many results being published in the research literature. There is a huge amount of knowledge encapsulated in conferences and journals targeting this area, but a systematic analysis of that knowledge is missing. For this reason, we aim to investigate the state-of-the-art of the CBSE area through a detailed literature review. To do this, 1231 studies dating from 1984 to 2012 were analyzed. Using the available evidence, this paper addresses five dimensions of CBSE: main objectives, research topics, application domains, research intensity and applied research methods. The main objectives found were to increase productivity, save costs and improve quality. The most addressed application domains are homogeneously divided between commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), distributed and embedded systems. Intensity of research showed a considerable increase in the last fourteen years. In addition to the analysis, this paper also synthesizes the available evidence, identifies open issues and points out areas that call for further research. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fermented Foods as Experimentally Tractable Microbial Ecosystems

Microbial communities of fermented foods have provided humans with tools for preservation and flavor development for thousands of years. These simple, reproducible, accessible, culturable, and easy-to-manipulate systems also provide opportunities for dissecting the mechanisms of microbial community formation. Fermented foods can be valuable models for processes in less tractable microbiota.
Sentence-level Emotion Classification with Label and Context Dependence

Predicting emotion categories, such as anger, joy, and anxiety, expressed by a sentence is challenging due to its inherent multi-label classification difficulty and data sparseness. In this paper, we address above two challenges by incorporating the label dependence among the emotion labels and the context dependence among the contextual instances into a factor graph model. Specifically, we recast sentence-level emotion classification as a factor graph inferring problem in which the label and context dependence are modeled as various factor functions. Empirical evaluation demonstrates the great potential and effectiveness of our proposed approach to sentencelevel emotion classification. 1
Effectiveness of lumbar zygapophysial joint blockage for low back pain.

AIM
Zygapophysial joints have been a well-recognized source of low back pain. This paper compares the efficacy of lumbar zygapophysial joints blockage and medical therapy in terms of pain relief, loss of working days and recurrence of pain in a population with mechanical low back pain.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
80 patients suffering from low back pain were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients in Group I were given diclofenac sodium, thiocolchicoside and were recommended bed rest. Patients in Group II received zygapophysial joints blockage by prilocaine, bupivacaine and methylprednisolone acetate. Both of the groups were evaluated with a Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire and visual analog scale for pain.


RESULTS
Posttreatment VAS and ODQ scores were significantly lower than pretreatment scores. The decrease in these scores in Group II was greater than those of Group I.


CONCLUSION
Blockage of the lumbar facet joints is a rapid and effective way to reduce pain originating from lumbar facet joints.
Assessing the validity of the association between the SUMO4 M55V variant and risk of type 1 diabetes

NATURE GENETICS | VOLUME 37 | NUMBER 2 | FEBRUARY 2005 111 Supplementary Methods online). We also genotyped three SNPs, 001Msp (rs577001), 012Taq (rs237012) and 018Hha (rs237018) flanking 163A→G in the families from the UK, US, Finland, Romania, Norway and Northern Ireland and in the British casecontrol samples and obtained no evidence of association with T1D (Supplementary Tables 2 and 3 online). Guo et al.2 did report evidence of association from diverse ethnic groups, but the bulk of their supporting evidence came from European Americans, who would be well represented by the European American and British samples studied here (in fact, of 558 families, ∼300 directly overlap). Our results were not influenced by age-at-onset in the cases (P = 0.09, 0.47, 0.29 and 0.23 for 163A→G, 001Msp, 012Taq and 018Hha, respectively) or in the affected offspring (P = 0.87, 0.86, 0.90 and 0.37, respectively), as shown by regression analysis. Our study, with 18,132 individuals (3,007 transmissions and 7,230 cases and controls; Supplementary Table 4 online), is much larger than the two previously published studies combined. Taking into account all the results, we conclude that there is no convincing evidence for the association of the 163A→G SNP with T1D. The previous result of Guo et al.2 (P = 2.9 × 10–5) may be a false positive. In genetic association studies of common diseases, there is a very low prior probability of detecting a true positive result, given the large numbers of genes and polymorphisms in the genome, such that a P value on the order of 10–5 could still be false4–6. The problem of false positive results can be compounded by selection biases in the collection of samples, genotyping errors, population substructure and post-hoc subgroup analyses4–6. There are other explanations for the discrepant results obtained, such as complex gene-gene or geneenvironment interactions. In the first instance, however, it is necessary to attempt to exclude the possibility that the initial finding is a false positive. Both Bohren et al. and Guo et al. reported evidence of functional differences between the 55M and 55V allotypes of SUMO4 (refs. 1,2). Functional studies of candidate genes and variants are essential in the study of common diseases, but they do not solve the problem of false positives.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using the Visually Guided Laser Balloon: A Prospective, Multicenter, and Randomized Comparison to Standard Radiofrequency Ablation.

BACKGROUND
Balloon catheters have been designed to facilitate pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The visually guided laser balloon (VGLB) employs laser energy to ablate tissue under direct visual guidance.


OBJECTIVES
This study compared the efficacy and safety of VGLB ablation with standard irrigated radiofrequency ablation (RFA) during catheter ablation of AF.


METHODS
Patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal AF were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized controlled study of PV isolation using either the VGLB or RFA (control). The primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from protocol-defined treatment failure at 12 months, including symptomatic AF occurring after the 90-day blanking period. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were powered for noninferiority.


RESULTS
A total of 353 patients (178 VGLB, 175 control) were randomized at 19 clinical sites. The mean procedure, ablation, and fluoroscopy times were longer with VGLB compared with controls. The primary efficacy endpoint was met in 61.1% in the VGLB group versus 61.7% in controls (absolute difference -0.6%; lower limit of 95% confidence interval [CI]: -9.3%; p = 0.003 for noninferiority). The primary adverse event rate was 11.8% in the VGLB group versus 14.5% in controls (absolute difference -2.8%; upper limit of 95% CI: 3.5; p = 0.002 for noninferiority), and was mainly driven by cardioversions. Diaphragmatic paralysis was higher (3.5% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.05), but PV stenosis was lower (0.0% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.03) with VGLB.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite minimal prior experience, the safety and efficacy of VGLB ablation proved noninferior to RFA for the treatment of paroxysmal AF. (Pivotal Clinical Study of the CardioFocus Endoscopic Ablation System-Adaptive Contact [EAS-AC] [HeartLight] in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation [PAF] [HeartLight]; NCT01456000).
Predictors of utilization of an IVR self-monitoring program by problem drinkers with recent natural resolutions.

BACKGROUND
As part of a randomized controlled trial, problem drinkers who recently initiated natural recovery on their own were offered access to an interactive voice response (IVR) self-monitoring (SM) system as a sobriety maintenance tool during early recovery when relapse risk is high. Because observed IVR utilization was variable, predictors of utilization were evaluated to inform knowledge of populations likely to access and use IVR services.


METHODS
Participants were 87 untreated community-dwelling adults who recently initiated sobriety following longstanding high-risk drinking practices and alcohol-related problems (M=16.58 years, SD=10.95). Baseline interviews assessed pre-resolution drinking practices and problems, and behavioral economic (BE) measures of reward preferences (delay discounting, pre-resolution monetary allocation). Participants had IVR access for 24 weeks to report daily drinking and to hear weekly recovery-focused messages.


RESULTS
IVR use ranged from 0 to 100%. Frequent (n=28), infrequent (n=42), and non-caller (n=17) groups were identified. Non-callers tended to be younger and to report heavier pre-resolution drinking. Frequent callers (≥70% of IVR days) tended to be older, male non-smokers with higher/stable socio-economic status and lower delay discounting compared to infrequent callers. Premature drop-out typically occurred fairly abruptly and was related to extended binge drinking.


CONCLUSIONS
Characteristics common in the untreated problem drinker population were associated with higher IVR utilization. This large under-served population segment can be targeted for lower intensity alcohol interventions using an IVR platform.
Assessment of brief interventions for nighttime fears in preschool children

Nighttime fears (NF) and sleep problems continue to be major problems in clinical services. The aim was to assess the effects of two brief interventions on NF, and related sleep problems and parental fear-reducing behaviors in children. One hundred and four children aged 4–6 years with significant NF were randomly assigned into two intervention groups: the Huggy-Puppy intervention (HPI), which is based on providing children a puppy doll with a request to take care of the doll, and a revised version (HPI-r) which is based on providing the same doll with a cover story that the doll will serve as a protector. At baseline, the domains of NF, behavior problems, and sleep disruptions were assessed. Data were collected from parents and children using objective and subjective measures. The effects of the interventions were assessed by comparing four time points: baseline, first week of intervention, 1 month, and 6 months after initial intervention time. A waiting list comparison group (WL) was used as spontaneous recovery comparison group. Both interventions significantly reduced NF with similar impact. The improvement after 1 month was significantly higher than in the WL group. Furthermore, both interventions significantly reduced parental fear management behaviors and children’s sleep problems. Finally, the reduction in NF and parental fear management strategies were maintained 6 months post-treatment. Conclusions: Relatively simple and cost-effective doll interventions can reduce NF and their associated sleep problems. Further research is needed to implement these interventions for other anxiety disorders in childhood.
Optical Flow Estimation

Motivation: • Motion is a rich source of information about the world: – segmentation – surface structure from parallax – self-motion – recognition – understanding behavior – understanding scene dynamics • Other correspondence / registration problems: – stereo disparity (short and wide baseline) – computer-assisted surgery (esp. multi-modal registratio n) – multiview alignment for mosaicing or stop-frame animation
Bulk Fixing Coding Issues and Its Effects on Software Quality: Is It Worth Refactoring?

The quality of a software system is mostly defined by its source code. Software evolves continuously, it gets modified, enhanced, and new requirements always arise. If we do not spend time periodically on improving our source code, it becomes messy and its quality will decrease inevitably. Literature tells us that we can improve the quality of our software product by regularly refactoring it. But does refactoring really increase software quality? Can it happen that a refactoring decreases the quality? Is it possible to recognize the change in quality caused by a single refactoring operation? In our paper, we seek answers to these questions in a case study of refactoring large-scale proprietary software systems. We analyzed the source code of 5 systems, and measured the quality of several revisions for a period of time. We analyzed 2 million lines of code and identified nearly 200 refactoring commits which fixed over 500 coding issues. We found that one single refactoring only makes a small change (sometimes even decreases quality), but when we do them in blocks, we can significantly increase quality, which can result not only in the local, but also in the global improvement of the code.
A Rehabilitation Protocol for Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease Treated with Posterior Transpedicular Dynamic Stabilization.

AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of the rehabilitation protocol on patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease after posterior transpedicular dynamic stabilization (PTDS) surgery.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Patients (n=50) with single level lumbar degenerative disc disease were recruited for this study. Patients had PTDS surgery with hinged screws. A rehabilitation program was applied for all patients. Phase 1 was the preoperative evaluation phase. Phase 2 (active rest phase) was the first 6 weeks after surgery. During phase 3 (minimal movement phase, 6-12 weeks) pelvic tilt exercises initiated. In phase 4 (dynamic phase, 3-6 months) dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises were started. Phase 5 (return to sports phase) began after the 6th month. The primary outcome criteria were the Visual Analogue Pain Score (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patients were evaluated preoperatively, postoperative 3rd, 12th and 24th months.


RESULTS
The mean preoperative VAS and ODI scores were 7.52±0.97 and 60.96±8.74, respectively. During the 3rd month, VAS and ODI scores decreased to 2.62±1.05 and 26.2±7.93, respectively. VAS and ODI scores continued to decrease during the 12th month after surgery to 1.4±0.81 and 13.72±6.68, respectively. At the last follow-up (mean 34.1 months) the VAS and ODI scores were found to be 0.68±0.62 and 7.88±3.32, respectively. (p=0.0001).


CONCLUSION
The protocol was designed for a postoperative rehabilitation program after PTDS surgery for patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. The good outcomes are the result of a combination of very careful and restrictive patient selection, surgical technique, and the presented rehabilitation program.
Central Europe from a Linguistic Viewpoint

(pp 22-30). 2010. Age of Globalization. No 2. Moscow: Russian Philosophical Society and Volgograd: Izdatelstvo “Uchitel.”
Role of gender on acceptance of mobile payment

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to try to explain the intention of adopting a new mobile payment (m-payment) system in a country where this type of payment systems does not have a presence. More exactly, to propose and test an integrative theoretical model that allows to determine the relative influence of the determining factors (external influences, ease of use, attitude, usefulness, trust and risk) for the acceptance of a new m-payment system and to analyze the eventual moderating effect of the gender of the consumer in the use of these tools. Design/methodology/approach – To carry out this research, a web experiment based on a general population sample was put in place, in order to analyze the proposed behavioral model towards a new m-payment system. Findings – The empirical results show that the proposed behavioral model was appropriately adjusted, thus proving that the gender of the user introduces significant differences in the proposed relationships between ease of use and usefulness of the new system, between usefulness, attitude and intention to use, as well as between users’ trust and a favorable attitude towards its use. Practical implications – The conclusions and implications for management provide alternatives and segmentation strategies to consolidate this new business opportunity under the new technological developments. Originality/value – This paper is a pioneer study about the acceptance of m-payment, analyzing at the same time the importance of the moderation effect of users’ gender.
Addressing the challenges of underspecification in web search

of the Dissertation Addressing the Challenges of Underspecification in Web Search
Aquaporin-1 facilitates angiogenic invasion in the pathological neovasculature that accompanies cirrhosis.

UNLABELLED
Increasing evidence suggests that hepatic fibrosis and pathological angiogenesis are interdependent processes that occur in parallel. Endothelial cell invasion is requisite for angiogenesis, and thus studies of the mechanisms governing liver endothelial cell (LEC) invasion during cirrhosis are of great importance. Emerging research implicates amoeboid-type motility and membrane blebbing as features that may facilitate invasion through matrix-rich microenvironments. Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane water channels, recognized for their importance in epithelial secretion and absorption. However, recent studies also suggest links between water transport and cell motility or invasion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that AQP-1 is involved in amoeboid motility and angiogenic invasion during cirrhosis. AQP-1 expression and localization was examined in normal and cirrhotic liver tissues derived from human and mouse. AQP-1 levels were modulated in LEC using retroviral overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and functional effects on invasion, membrane blebbing dynamics, and osmotic water permeability were assayed. Results demonstrate that AQP-1 is up-regulated in the small, angiogenic, neovasculature within the fibrotic septa of cirrhotic liver. AQP-1 overexpression promotes fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced dynamic membrane blebbing in LEC, which is sufficient to augment invasion through extracellular matrix. Additionally, AQP-1 localizes to plasma membrane blebs, where it increases osmotic water permeability and locally facilitates the rapid, trans-membrane flux of water.


CONCLUSION
AQP-1 enhances osmotic water permeability and FGF-induced dynamic membrane blebbing in LEC and thereby drives invasion and pathological angiogenesis during cirrhosis.
Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as second-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative, taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients: prospective evaluation of activity, safety, and quality of life

BACKGROUND
A prospective, multicenter trial was undertaken to assess the activity, safety, and quality of life of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as second-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative, taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-two women with HER2-negative MBC who were candidates for second-line chemotherapy for the metastatic disease were enrolled and treated at three centers in Northern Italy. All patients had previously received taxane-based chemotherapy in the adjuvant or first-line metastatic setting. Single-agent nab-paclitaxel was given at the dose of 260 mg/m(2) as a 30-minute intravenous infusion on day 1 each treatment cycle, which lasted 3 weeks, in the outpatient setting. No steroid or antihistamine premedication was provided. Treatment was stopped for documented disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal.


RESULTS
All of the enrolled patients were evaluable for the study endpoints. The objective response rate was 48% (95% CI, 31.5%-61.3%) and included complete responses from 13.5%. Disease stabilization was obtained in 19 patients and lasted >6 months in 15 of them; the overall clinical benefit rate was 77%. The median time to response was 70 days (range 52-86 days). The median progression-free survival time was 8.9 months (95% CI, 8.0-11.6 months, range 5-21+ months). The median overall survival point has not yet been reached. Toxicities were expected and manageable with good patient compliance and preserved quality of life in patients given long-term treatment.


CONCLUSION
Our results showed that single-agent nab-paclitaxel 260 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks is an effective and well tolerated regimen as second-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative, taxane-pretreated MBC patients, and that it produced interesting values of objective response rate and progression-free survival without the concern of significant toxicity. Specifically, the present study shows that such a regimen is a valid therapeutic option for that 'difficult to treat' patient population represented by women who at the time of disease relapse have already received the most active agents in the adjuvant and/or metastatic setting (ie, conventional taxanes).