LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The effect of extracorporeal efferent detoxication (EED) methods inclusion in the severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treatment.

PURPOSE
To assess the clinical efficacy including of EED methods in the treatment of severe CAP with endogenic intoxication syndrome.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Severe CAP in patients (n = 103, aged 18-60 years, male 89%) were randomly subdivided into the 4 comparable groups. The 1st group (n = 30) was standard treated with antibiotics. The 2nd group (n = 27) underwent additionally 3 courses of extracorporeal ultraviolet light-exposure (UVLE). The 3rd group (n = 25) was co-treated with 3 courses of biospecific hemosorption (BSS). The 4th group (n = 21) underwent 2 additional courses of BSS plus 3 courses of UVLE. The effectiveness of these schemes therapy was assessed by clinical and laboratory data.


RESULTS
The additional application of EED methods led to faster disappearance of clinical symptoms, focal chest signs and the infiltrate resolution in chest X-ray (CXR) as compared with standard treatment. Mean time of the disappearance of fever and sweating was 2.2; 2.5; 2.0 days and 4.8; 5.0; 4.6 days in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th group respectively after EED courses vs 6.1 and 8.0 days in 1st group (P < 0.05). The baseline elastase activity was elevated by 5 times in the 1st-4th groups vs the control (healthy) group and was decreased by 1.5; 2.1; 4.1; 6.6 times respectively (P < 0.05) after treatment in these groups. The initial trypsin-like activity was increased about 5.5 times in all groups vs control and decreased after therapy by 2.1; 3.8; 6.4; 6.0 times (P < 0.05) in the 1st-4th groups respectively. Small CXR residual changes persisted in 7, 4 and 5 patients from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups vs 12 patients in the 1st group. The spirometry data were normalized faster in the patients who underwent EED methods (by the 14th day) vs the 1st group.


CONCLUSIONS
Additional using of EED methods in severe CAP therapy is more effective (as compared with traditional management with antibiotics only) in term of faster improvement of patients general condition, reduced time of inflammatory infiltrate resolution and hospitalization by 3-4 days. It has been shown that EED methods correct the main pathogenic mechanisms of severe CAP. Our results indicated on the EED methods as an attractive supportive therapy for the empiric antibiotics treatment of this disease.
Inventing the American Primitive: Politics, Gender and the Representation of Native American Literary Traditions, 1789-1936

A radical reading of American Literary history which analyses how responses to the existence of Native American traditions have shaped ideas of American identity and literature.
Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity

y p. 27, line 12: the \i" in the rst subscript of a is not dotted: for a j read aij p. 32, in the last displayed equation: replace x̂ij by x̂i in the summation on the right-hand side z p. 38, in eqs. (2.8') and (2.9): change subscripts i's on b and a to i n+m z p. 38, after (2.8'): replace \last m rows of A" by \last m columns of A" p. 49, Fig. 2-3, lines 6 and 8: for cj read cj p. 61, Theorem 2.10, line 2: for fy1; : : : ; yn mg read (y1; : : : ; yn m) p. 83, last equation: for ci read cj p. 123, line 6 of Fig. 6-6: append after second comma: \set L2[s] := 1;" z p. 142, proof of Theorem 7.2: insert before \Replace...": \Suppose rst that this arc is the only one that P and C have in common." insert at end of proof: \If P and C have more than one arc in common, the construction produces a path plus cycles. The cycles, however, must have existed in N 0(f1) and hence have nonnegative cost. The same contradiction is therefore reached." p. 171, line 4 from bottom: for \Example 8.5" read \Example 8.4" p. 173, line 7 from bottom: for xi read x1 p. 175, Lemma 8.10: for \0; : : : 0" read \0; : : : ; 0" y p. 178, Lemma 8.12, line 2: for \0 : : : ; 0" read \0; : : : ; 0" p. 251, Fig. 11-2, line 10: for \i :=" read \s :=" p. 251, Fig. 11-2, line 13: insert after \exposed[v]:=0" \,label[v]:=0" p. 251, Fig. 11-2, line 17: insert after else \if vi 6= mate[uj] then"
Believe ItA Simple Model of Cognitive Consistency

Many observations from psychology, political science, and organizational behavior indicate that people exhibit a taste for consistency. Individuals are inclined to interpret new evidence in ways that con...rm their pre-existing beliefs. They also tend to change their beliefs to enhance the desirability of their past actions. The current paper explores the implications of a simple model incorporating these e¤ects into an agent’s utility function. The model allows a characterization of when: 1. agents become underand over-con...dent, 2. agents prefer less accurate signals, i.e., they are willing to pay in order to forgo information, and 3. agents exhibit excess stickiness or excess volatility in action choices. Journal of Economics Literature Classi...cation Numbers: C90, D72, D83, D91, M30.
Vulvar and genital trauma in pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review will look critically at recent research articles that pertain to children and adolescents who present with genital injuries.


RECENT FINDINGS
Many recently published articles have noted that the history as given by the child or adolescent is the most important factor in determining the etiology of genital injuries as abuse or accidental. The history is more important than any documented or lack of documented findings on physical examination. Distinguishing whether the injury was accidental or caused by abuse is of significance to the family and the injured child or adolescent. Genital examinations of victims of documented abuse are often normal. Examinations of pregnant adolescents may appear normal, the only evidence that intercourse has taken place being pregnancy. Documented accidental genital injuries are described; unfortunately such injuries can easily be confused with sexual abuse. Photographic documentation of injuries by colposcopic photography has allowed a new level of peer review, improving the understanding of what are normal and non-specific findings, many of which were considered to be abnormal in the past. The psychological impact of living in a violent, war-torn culture, or surviving a traumatic genital injury are reviewed. New ideas on the management of genital trauma are also reported.


SUMMARY
Increasingly, victims of sexual abuse are found to have normal examinations, and the victim's history becomes the most important determining factor. Peer review has led to a better understanding of the wide variations in the normal genital examination. Psychological support for these victims is important in the management of genital injuries.
In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of various bleaching methods and products.

OBJECTIVE
Various bleaching modalities are now offered to patients, either monitored by the dental office or self-directed, for which relative efficacy is unknown. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of different bleaching products and protocols to lighten enamel and dentin.


METHOD AND MATERIALS
Bovine tooth samples of standardized thickness (2.5 +/- 0.025 mm with similar dentin and enamel thicknesses) were prepared and stained with whole blood and hemolysate before being submitted to 11 different bleaching regimens: home bleaching using 10%, 15%, 16%, or 20% carbamide peroxide, power bleaching using 15% hydrogen peroxide, 30% hydrogen peroxide, or 25% carbamide peroxide with or without light activation, and over-the-counter bleaching strips containing 5.3% hydrogen peroxide. Colorimetric measurements were performed on each sample side, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, before and after staining as well as after each series of 5 bleaching sessions (number of applications varied from 5 to 20 times, according to the bleaching protocol).


RESULTS
All products and protocols produced a similar bleaching effect on enamel, while the home bleaching regimen proved largely superior to lighten dentin.


CONCLUSION
In-office bleaching techniques proved less efficient than home bleaching for removing stains deposited in dentin.
An Advanced Protection Scheme for Enabling an LVDC Last Mile Distribution Network

Low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution systems have the potential to support future realization of smart grids and enabling of increased penetration of distributed renewables, electric vehicles, and heat pumps. They do, however, present significant protection challenges that existing schemes based on dc fuses and conventional electro-mechanical circuit breakers cannot manage due to the nature of dc faults and slow device performance. Therefore, this paper presents an advanced protection scheme that addresses the outstanding challenges for protecting an LVDC last mile distribution network. The scheme takes advantage of advanced local measurements and communications that will be naturally integrated in smart grids, and the excellent level of controllability of solid state circuit breakers. It thus provides fast dc fault detection and interruption during dc transient periods, in addition to achieving fault limitation and fast reliable restoration. The introductory part of the paper quantifies the potential benefits of LVDC last mile distribution networks, and discusses the potential LVDC architectures that best utilize the existing plant. Based on the new LVDC architectures, a typical U.K. LV network is energized using dc and modeled, and is used as a case study for investigating the protection issues and evaluating the new protection scheme performance through simulation.
Comparison of data-driven analysis methods for identification of functional connectivity in fMRI

Data-driven analysis methods, such as independent component analysis (ICA) and clustering, have found a fruitful application in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for identifying functionally connected brain networks. Unlike the traditional regression-based hypothesis-driven analysis methods, the principal advantage of data-driven methods is their applicability to experimental paradigms in the absence of a priori model of brain activity. Although ICA and clustering rely on very different assumptions on the underlying distributions, they produce surprisingly similar results for signals with large variation. The main goal of this thesis is to understand the factors that contribute to the differences in the identification of functional connectivity based on ICA and a more general version of clustering, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and their relations. We provide a detailed empirical comparison of ICA and clustering based on GMM. We introduce a component-wise matching and comparison scheme of resulting ICA and GMM components based on their correlations. We apply this scheme to the synthetic fMRI data and investigate the influence of noise and length of time course on the performance of ICA and GMM, comparing with ground truth and with each other. For the real fMRI data, we propose a method of choosing a threshold to determine which of resulting components are meaningful to compare using the cumulative distribution function of their empirical correlations. In addition, we present an alternate method to model selection for selecting the optimal total number of components for ICA and GMM using the task-related and contrast functions. For extracting task-related components, we find that GMM outperforms ICA when the total number of components are less then ten and the performance between ICA and GMM is almost identical for larger numbers of the total components. Furthermore, we observe that about a third of the components of each model are meaningful to be compared to the components of the other. Thesis Supervisor: Polina Golland Title: Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
The Sheffer group and the Riordan group

We define the Sheffer group of all Sheffer-type polynomials and prove the isomorphism between the Sheffer group and the Riordan group. An equivalence of the Riordan array pair and generalized Stirling number pair is also presented. Finally, we discuss a higher dimensional extension of Riordan array pairs. AMS Subject Classification: 05A15, 11B73, 11B83, 13F25, 41A58
The Self-Serv Environment for Web Services Composition

The composition of Web services to handle complex transactions such as finance, billing, and traffic information services is gaining considerable momentum as a way to enable business-to-business (B2B) collaborations.1 Web services allow organizations to share costs, skills, and resources by joining their applications and systems.2 Although current technologies provide the foundation for building composite services, several issues still need to be addressed:
Factors related to Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among children with ADHD in Europe at entry into treatment

To describe the associations between a range of baseline factors (demographic, family and clinical) and parent-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with ADHD taking part in the ADORE study. HRQoL was rated using the Parent Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE). Forward-stepwise linear regression models were used to investigate associations with 26 independent variables. Separate models were fitted for each of the five CHIP-CE domains (Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Risk Avoidance and Achievement) and two subdomains of Achievement (Academic Performance and Peer Relations). CHIP-CE domain mean scores were lower than community norms, especially for Risk Avoidance and Achievement, indicating a low level of HRQoL. Clinical factors significantly associated with a poorer HRQoL included ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity), conduct problems, peer relationship problems, having asthma, multiple other somatic symptoms and co-ordination problems. Family factors, such as having a parent with a health or mental health problem possibly caused by the child's illness, child not living with both parents and maternal smoking during pregnancy were also associated with a worse HRQoL in some CHIP-CE domains/subdomains. Numerous factors independently impact on the HRQoL of children with ADHD.
The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence on mental health outcomes among abused Chinese women: a mixed-method study

BACKGROUND
Distinctions have been made between the two main forms of intimate partner violence: intimate terrorism (IT) and situational couple violence (SCV), depending on whether the violence is part of a general pattern of control. Differential effects also exist between IT and SCV. However, the IT/SCV distinction and their differential effects have yet to be demonstrated in violent intimate relationships in China. We aimed to identify IT and SCV among Chinese women who reported partner violence in Hong Kong and to differentiate the effects of IT and SCV on their mental health outcomes.


METHODS
A mixed-method design was used in a cross-sectional study to collect quantitative and qualitative data from women 18 years of age or older who had been victims of intimate partner violence in the past year. Six hundred and thirteen women were recruited from 18 districts in Hong Kong. Quantitative instruments were administered to assess intimate partner violence, control by an intimate partner, and mental health outcomes. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with 200 of the women to capture their experiences of intimate partner violence and the context in which it occurred.


RESULTS
Of the 613 women, 215 (35.1%) were identified as victims of IT and 324 (52.9%) as victims of SCV. Compared to SCV victims, IT victims reported significantly more violence-related physical injury (p < 0.001), higher use of medical services (p < 0.001), and more symptoms of depression (p < 0.001) and posttraumatic stress disorder (p < 0.001). The interviews revealed two broadly different pictures with IT victims describing their relationship problems as serious and life-threatening, and physical violence was part of the controlling behaviors used by their partners. Such details were not reported by those in the SCV group.


CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that violence in intimate relationships in China is not a unitary phenomenon, and it has at least two forms, IT and SCV, which were shown to have differential effects on Chinese women. The findings regarding the IT/SCV distinction and their differential effects on mental health outcomes have implications for policy, research and practice.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01206192.
Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS): effects of an alcohol treatment program on blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether blood pressure is reduced for at least 6 months with an intervention to lower alcohol intake in moderate to heavy drinkers with above optimal to slightly elevated diastolic blood pressure, and whether reduction of alcohol intake can be maintained for 2 years.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial.


METHODS
Six hundred forty-one outpatient veterans with an average intake of 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day in the 6 months before entry into the study and with diastolic blood pressure 80 to 99 mm Hg were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral alcohol reduction intervention program or a control observation group for 15 to 24 months. The goal of the intervention was the lower of 2 or fewer drinks daily or a 50% reduction in intake. A subgroup with hypertension was defined as having a diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 99 mm Hg, or 80 to 99 mm Hg if recently taking medication for hypertension.


RESULTS
Reduction in average weekly self-reported alcohol intake was significantly greater (P<.001) at every assessment from 3 to 24 months in the intervention group vs the control group: levels declined from 432 g/wk at baseline by 202 g/wk in the intervention group and from 445 g/wk by 78 g/wk in the control group in the first 6 months, with similar reductions after 24 months. The intervention group had a 1.2/0.7-mm Hg greater reduction in blood pressure than the control group (for each, P = .17 and P = .18) for the 6-month primary end point; for the hypertensive stratum the difference was 0.9/0.7 mm Hg (for each, P = .58 and P = .44).


CONCLUSIONS
The 1.3 drinks per day average difference between changes in self-reported alcohol intake observed in this trial produced only small nonsignificant effects on blood pressure. The results from the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS) do not provide strong support for reducing alcohol consumption in nondependent moderate drinkers as a sole method for the prevention or treatment of hypertension.
Expected Loss Optimization for Document Ranking by Active Learning

Learning to rank is the emerging research field in many data mining applications and information retrieval techniques (e.g. Search engines). The major issue in ranking algorithm is that the quality or ranking is affected by labeled examples, since it is very expensive and also time consuming to collect labeled samples. This problem brings a great need for active learning algorithm; however, in literature learning to rank uses supervised learning algorithm where ranking is based on labeled data only. A general active learning framework Balanced two stage Expected Loss Optimization is proposed to select the most informative document based on user’s query. The algorithm is based on two levels, Query level and Document level and grade distribution is done based on query and document pairs. Experiment on web search dataset has demonstrated with the proposed algorithm.
Remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure as mediators from obesity to ischemic heart disease.

RATIONALE
Obesity leads to increased ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk, but the risk is thought to be mediated through intermediate variables and may not be caused by increased weight per se.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that the increased IHD risk because of obesity is mediated through lipoproteins, blood pressure, glucose, and C-reactive protein.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Approximately 90 000 participants from Copenhagen were included in a Mendelian randomization design with mediation analyses. Associations were examined using conventional measurements of body mass index and intermediate variables and using genetic variants associated with these. During ≤22 years of follow-up 13 945 participants developed IHD. The increased IHD risk caused by obesity was partly mediated through elevated levels of nonfasting remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, through elevated blood pressure, and possibly also through elevated nonfasting glucose levels; however, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated C-reactive protein levels were not mediators in genetic analyses. The 3 intermediate variables that explained the highest excess risk of IHD from genetically determined obesity were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with 8%, systolic blood pressure with 7%, and remnant cholesterol with 7% excess risk of IHD. Corresponding observational excess risks using conventional body mass index were 21%, 11%, and 20%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The increased IHD risk because of obesity was partly mediated through elevated levels of nonfasting remnant and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and through elevated blood pressure. Our results suggest that there may be benefit to gain by reducing levels of these risk factors in obese individuals not able to achieve sustained weight loss.
Connectivism as a Digital Age Learning Theory

George Siemens and Stephen Downes developed a theory for the digital age, called connectivism, denouncing boundaries of behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Their proposed learning theory has issued a debate over whether it is a learning theory or instructional theory or merely a pedagogical view. While the theory presented is important and valid, is it a tool to be used in the learning process for instruction or curriculum rather than a standalone learning theory? It has forced educators to look at what is being done in digital education and rethink, debate, and philosophize over how each part fits. Continually evaluating how each new generation learns with regard to instruction and curriculum serves to hold education to high standards. Certainly this theory is worth our thorough consideration.
Development and Transformation of Working Mode in Clinical Engineering Department

This paper starts with analyzing the development and history of clinical engineering in China, analyzing the macro-environment of clinical engineering and summarizing the practice experiences of Chinese and foreign CE department. It puts forward a new idea that clinical engineering working mode should be changed from "working around repairing" to "working around equipment quality control and safety management"
Finite Basis Theorem for Filter-distributive Protoalgebraic Deductive Systems and Strict Universal Horn Classes

We show that a finitely generated protoalgebraic strict universal Horn class that is filter-distributive is finitely based. Equivalently, every protoalgebraic and filter-distributive multidimensional deductive system determined by a finite set of finite matrices can be presented by finitely many axioms and rules.
Beyond Weiser: From Ubiquitous to Collective Computing

Considering the technological changes across computing's first three generations, how might the next serve humanity? Three critical technologies--the cloud, the crowd, and the shroud of devices connecting the physical and digital worlds--define the fourth generation of collective computing.