LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Locating the boundaries of Pareto fronts: A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Corner Solution Search

In this paper, an evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithm based on corner solution search (MaOEACS) was proposed. MaOEA-CS implicitly contains two phases: the exploitative search for the most important boundary optimal solutions – corner solutions, at the first phase, and the use of angle-based selection [1] with the explorative search for the extension of PF approximation at the second phase. Due to its high efficiency and robustness to the shapes of PFs, it has won the CEC′2017 Competition on Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization. In addition, MaOEA-CS has also been applied on two real-world engineering optimization problems with very irregular PFs. The experimental results show that MaOEACS outperforms other six state-of-the-art compared algorithms, which indicates it has the ability to handle real-world complex optimization problems with irregular PFs.
Prospective study establishing a management plan for impacted third molar in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE
Although dental treatment before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is essential to prevent serious infections from oral sources, the best management plan for impacted third molar (ITM) is unclear.


STUDY DESIGN
This study was planned to establish a management plan for ITM. Eighty-four candidates for HSCT therapy were consecutively enrolled in the prospective trial. The management plan, which was evidence based and prospectively decided, was to extract the symptomatic ITMs and to leave the asymptomatic ones untreated, regardless of their impacted position.


RESULTS
Eighty-seven ITMs were observed in 35 patients. The ITMs were in the maxilla of 25 patients and the mandible of 28 patients. Dental extraction of 7 teeth was performed in 6 patients without complications. All of the patients received the scheduled HSCT therapy and none experienced odontogenic infection while myelosuppressed.


CONCLUSIONS
This management plan for ITM appears to be appropriate for pre-HSCT patients. Moreover, the experienced dental provider is suggested as a necessary and valuable part of the HSCT team.
No asymmetry in geomagnetic reversals recorded by 1.1-billion-year-old Keweenawan basalts

Interpreting the past latitude and geography of the continents from palaeomagnetic data relies on the key assumption that Earth’s geomagnetic field behaves as a geocentric axial dipole. The axial dipolar field model implies that all geomagnetic reversals should be symmetric. However, palaeomagnetic data from volcanic rocks produced by the 1.1-billion-yearold Keweenawan Rift system in North America have been interpreted to show asymmetric reversals, which had led to the suggestion that there was a significant non-axial dipole contribution to the magnetic field during this time1,2. Here we present high-resolution palaeomagnetic data that span three geomagnetic field reversals from a well-described series of basalt flows at Mamainse Point, Ontario, in the Keweenawan Rift. Our data show that each reversal is symmetric. We thus conclude that the previously documented reversal asymmetry is an artefact of the rapid motion of North America during this time. Comparisons of reversed and normal populations that were time-averaged over entire polarity intervals, or from sites not directly on either side of a geomagnetic reversal, have previously led to the appearance of reversal asymmetry. Extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks of the Keweenawan province form part of a failed mid-continent rift (MCR) system that was active from 1.11 to 1.09Gyr ago. The largest areal exposure of these rocks is in the Lake Superior region, but aeromagnetic and gravity surveys show that the relatively dense and magnetic volcanic rocks of the rift span more than 3,000 km, largely beneath sedimentary cover (Fig. 1)3. Palaeomagnetic data from Keweenawan rocks have been compiled to generate an apparent polar wander (APW) path for North America, known as the Logan Loop4–6. Comparisons of the Logan Loop with APW paths from other continents have been used to reconstruct the supercontinent Rodinia7,8. Palaeomagnetic directions from MCR rocks consistently reveal normal and reversed directions that are not antiparallel (with inclination differences of 20–30; Fig. 1)4. This pattern has been interpreted as reversal asymmetry, leading to speculation that significant non-dipole components may have contributed to the surface geomagnetic field1,2. The well-known problem of Keweenawan reversal asymmetry is often cited as an uncertainty in palaeogeographic reconstructions7–9, as the introduction of quadrupole and octupole components to the geomagnetic field can lead to significant discrepancies between true palaeolatitude and palaeomagnetically derived palaeolatitude10. Much of the movement of the late Mesoproterozoic APW path for Laurentia occurs across what has been interpreted as an ‘asymmetric’ reversal. The large magnitude of this apparent motion makes it important to understand whether the difference in inclination between normal and reversed directions is an artefact of a significant non-dipole
An Empirical Analysis of Linkability in the Monero Blockchain

Monero is a privacy-centric cryptocurrency that allows users to obscure their transaction graph by including chaff coins, called “mixins,” along with the actual coins they spend. In this report, we empirically evaluate two weaknesses in Monero’s mixin sampling strategy. First, about 62% of transaction inputs with one or more mixins are vulnerable to “chain-reaction” analysis — that is, the real input can be deduced by elimination, e.g. because the mixins they include are spent by 0-mixin transactions. Second, Monero mixins are sampled in such a way that the mixins can be easily distinguished from the real coins by their age distribution; in short, the real input is usually the “newest” input. We estimate that this heuristic can be used to guess the real input with 80% accuracy over all transactions with 1 or more mixins. Our analysis uses only public blockchain data, in contrast to earlier attacks requiring active participation in the network [10, 7]. While the first weakness primarily affects Monero transactions made by older software versions (i.e., prior to RingCT), the second weakness is applicable to the newest versions as well. We propose and evaluate a countermeasure derived from blockchain data that can improve the privacy of future transactions. Working paper disclaimer: This is a draft of work-inprogress. It has not yet been peer-reviewed, and contains preliminary results that may be subject to further revision. ∗University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign †Initiative for Cryptocurrencies and Contracts, initc3.org ‡Andrew Miller is a consultant to the Zerocoin Electric Coin Company and a board member of the Zcash Foundation. §Princeton University
The effects of mediated word lists on false recall and recognition.

False memory effects were explored using unrelated list items (e.g., slope, reindeer, corn) that were related to mediators (e.g., ski, sleigh, flake) that all converged upon a single nonpresented critical item (CI; e.g., snow). In Experiment 1, participants completed either an initial recall test or arithmetic problems after study, followed by a final recognition test. Participants did not falsely recall CIs on the initial test; however, false alarms to CIs did occur in recognition, but only following an initial recall test. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to guess the CI, followed by a recognition test. The results replicated Experiment 1, with an increase in CI false alarms. Experiment 3 controlled for item effects by replacing unrelated recognition items from Experiment 1 with both CIs and list items from nonpresented lists. Once again, CI false alarms were found when controlling for lexical characteristics, demonstrating that mediated false memory is not due simply to item differences.
Processing performance on Apache Pig, Apache Hive and MySQL cluster

MySQL Cluster is a famous clustered database that is used to store and manipulate data. The problem with MySQL Cluster is that as the data grows larger, the time required to process the data increases and additional resources may be needed. With Hadoop and Hive and Pig, processing time can be faster than MySQL Cluster. In this paper, three data testers with the same data model will run simple queries and to find out at how many rows Hive or Pig is faster than MySQL Cluster. The data model taken from GroupLens Research Project [12] showed a result that Hive is the most appropriate for this data model in a low-cost hardware environment.
SICK through the SemEval glasses. Lesson learned from the evaluation of compositional distributional semantic models on full sentences through semantic relatedness and textual entailment

This paper is an extended description of SemEval-2014 Task 1, the task on the evaluation of Compositional Distributional Semantics Models on full sentences. Systems participating in the task were presented with pairs of sentences and were evaluated on their ability to predict human judgments on (i) semantic relatedness and (ii) entailment. Training and testing data were subsets of the SICK (Sentences Involving Compositional Knowledge) data set. SICK was developed with the aim of providing a proper benchmark to evaluate compositional semantic systems, though task participation was open to systems based on any approach. Taking advantage of the SemEval experience, in this paper we analyze the SICK data set, in order to evaluate the extent to which it meets its design goal and to shed light on the linguistic phenomena that are still challenging for state-of-the-art computational semantic systems. Qualitative and quantitative error analyses show that many systems are quite sensitive to changes in the proportion of sentence pair types, and degrade in the presence of additional lexico-syntactic complexities which do not affect human judgements. More compositional systems seem to perform better when the task proportions are changed, but the effect needs further confirmation.
Pre-hospital cooling of patients following cardiac arrest is effective using even low volumes of cold saline

INTRODUCTION
Pre-hospital induction of therapeutic mild hypothermia (TH) may reduce post-cardiac arrest brain injury in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Most often, it is induced by a rapid intravenous administration of as much as 30 ml/kg of cold crystalloids. We decided to assess the pre-hospital cooling effectivity of this approach by using a target dose of 15-20 ml/kg of 4°C cold normal saline in the setting of the physician-staffed Emergency Medical Service. The safety and impact on the clinical outcome have also been analyzed.


METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study with a retrospective control group. A total of 40 patients were cooled by an intravenous administration of 15-20 ml/kg of 4°C cold normal saline during transport to the hospital (TH group). The pre-hospital decrease of tympanic temperature (TT) was analyzed as the primary endpoint. Patients in the control group did not undergo any pre-hospital cooling.


RESULTS
In the TH group, administration of 12.6 ± 6.4 ml/kg of 4°C cold normal saline was followed by a pre-hospital decrease of TT of 1.4 ± 0.8°C in 42.8 ± 19.6 min (p < 0.001). The most effective cooling was associated with a transport time duration of 38-60 min and with an infusion of 17 ml/kg of cold saline. In the TH group, a trend toward a reduced need for catecholamines during transport was detected (35.0 vs. 52.5%, p = 0.115). There were no differences in demographic variables, comorbidities, parameters of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in other post-resuscitation characteristics. The coupling of pre-hospital cooling with subsequent in-hospital TH predicted a favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (OR 4.1, CI95% 1.1-18.2, p = 0.046).


CONCLUSIONS
Pre-hospital induction of TH by the rapid intravenous administration of cold normal saline has been shown to be efficient even with a lower dose of coolant than reported in previous studies. This dose can be associated with a favorable impact on circulatory stability early after the return of spontaneous circulation and, when coupled with in-hospital continuation of cooling, can potentially improve the prognosis of patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials (NCT): NCT00915421.
Interactions between 6-mercaptopurine therapy and thiopurinemethyl-transferase (TPMT) activity

Thiopurine-methyl-transferase (TPMT) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of 6-mercaptopurine into inactive 6methylmercaptopurine. Its activity is regulated by a genetic polymorphism. In a North American Caucasian population and in English children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 89 % have high activity, 11% have intermediate activity, and less than i % have undetectable activity [1]. The last are at high risk of 6-mercaptopurine toxicity. Other factors might be involved in the regulation of enzyme activity. It has previously been reported that men can tolerate a higher dose of 6-mercaptopurine than women [2]. This observation was recently supported by a Norwegian study showing higher enzyme activity in men [3], contrasting with the results of two other studies [1, 4]. In addition, the results of the former study suggested a geographical relation, in that the population living in the Northern part of the country had a greater enzyme activity than the Southern population. They also showed an interaction between enzyme activity and the use of diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, it has previously been suggested that the activity of TPMT may be induced by 6-mercaptopurine [4]; however, no serial measurements were performed while on treatment, so that the effect of long-term 6-mercaptopurine on TPMT activity over time is not fully understood. To address this problem directly, we have prospectively studied TPMT activity in 23 children treated in our institution for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The maintenance treatment consisted of daily oral 6-mercaptopurine (50 mg. m -2. day -1) adjusted to maintain granulocytes between 2 and 3 x 109/1, weekly oral methotrexate (25 rag-m -2-week -1) and for half of the patients monthly
Change in physical activity after a diabetes diagnosis: opportunity for intervention.

INTRODUCTION
Moderate-intensity physical activity is recommended for individuals with diabetes to control glucose and prevent diabetes-related complications. The extent to which a diabetes diagnosis motivates patients to increase physical activity is unclear. This study used data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (baseline data collected from 1993 to 1998) to examine change in physical activity and sedentary behavior in women who reported a diabetes diagnosis compared with women who did not report diabetes during 7 yr of follow-up (up to 2005).


METHODS
Participants (n = 84,300) were postmenopausal women who did not report diabetes at baseline (mean ± SD; age = 63.49 ± 7.34 yr; body mass index = 26.98 ± 5.67 kg·m). Linear mixed-model analyses were conducted adjusting for study year, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, education, family history of diabetes, physical functioning, pain, energy/fatigue, social functioning, depression, number of chronic diseases, and vigorous exercise at age 18 yr. Analyses were completed in August 2012.


RESULTS
Participants who reported a diabetes diagnosis during follow-up were more likely to report increasing their total physical activity (P = 0.002), walking (P < 0.001), and number of physical activity episodes (P < 0.001) compared with participants who did not report a diabetes diagnosis. On average, participants reporting a diabetes diagnosis reported increasing their total physical activity by 0.49 MET·h·wk, their walking by 0.033 MET·h·wk, and their number of physical activity episodes by 0.19 MET·h·wk. No differences in reported sedentary behavior change were observed (P = 0.48).


CONCLUSIONS
A diabetes diagnosis may prompt patients to increase physical activity. Healthcare professionals should consider how best to capitalize on this opportunity to encourage increased physical activity and maintenance.
Analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Function in Ergometer Rowing

In an effort to seek further understanding of lower limb muscle function in the rowing movement, an electromyographic analysis was undertaken of rowers rowing on a Gjessing ergometer. A strain gauged transducer was inserted in the ergometer linkage between handle and flywheel to detect pulling force. Electrodes were placed on the following lower limb muscles: gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior. Linear envelope electromyograms from each muscle and the force signals were sampled synchronously at 50 Hz. The results indicated that all six muscles were active from catch to finish of the drive phase. Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius, and vastus lateralis all began their activity at or just prior to catch and reached maximal excitation near peak force of the stroke. Rectus femoris and tibialis anterior activity began prior to the catch and reached maximal excitation subsequent to peak force. The coactivation of the five leg muscles, of which four were biarticular, included potentially antagonistic actions that would cancel each other's effects. Clearly, however, other explanations must be considered. Both gastrocnemius and biceps femoris have been shown to act as knee extensors and may do so in the case of the rowing action. Furthermore, rectus femoris may act with unchanging length as a knee extensor by functioning as a rigid link between the pelvis and tibia. In this manner, energy created by the hip extensors is transferred across the knee joint via the isometrically contracting rectus femoris muscle.
Probation, Mental Health, and Mandated Treatment A National Survey

A large number of probationers with mental illness (PMIs) are under supervision in the United States. In this national survey, we compared the supervision approaches of a matched sample of 66 specialty mental health and 25 traditional probation agencies. The prototypic specialty agency has five key features that distinguish it from the traditional model: (a) exclusive mental health caseloads, (b) meaningfully reduced caseloads, (c) sustained officer training, (d) active integration of internal and external resources to meet PMIs’needs, and (e) problem-solving strategies as the chief means for addressing treatment noncompliance. Probation supervisors perceived these specialty features as “very useful” and perceived specialty agencies as more effective than traditional ones for PMIs. However, the most important feature of the prototypic specialty agency may also be the most endangered: reduced caseloads. Implications for research and practice are presented.
Extension Spaces of Oriented Matroids

We study the space of all extensions of a real hyperplane arrangement by a new pseudo-hyperplane, and, more generally, of an oriented matroid by a new element. The question whether this space has the homotopy type of a sphere is a special case of the “Generalized Baues Problem” of Billera, Kapranov & Sturmfels, via the Bohne-Dress Theorem on zonotopal tilings. We prove that the extension space is spherical for the class of strongly euclidean oriented matroids. This class includes the alternating matroids and all oriented matroids of rank at most 3 or of corank at most 2. In general it is not known whether the extension space is connected for all realizable oriented matroids (hyperplane arrangements). We show that the subspace of realizable extensions is always connected but not necessarily spherical. Non-realizable oriented matroids of rank 4 with disconnected extension spaces were recently constructed by Mnëv and Richter-Gebert.
Selection of the most efficient wavelength bands for discriminating weeds from crop

The aim of this study was to select the best combination of filters for detecting various weed species located within carrot rows. In-field images were taken under artificial lighting with a multispectral device consisting of a black and white camera coupled with a rotating wheel holding 22 interference filters in the VIS-NIR domain. Measurements were performed over a period of 19 days, starting 1 week after crop emergence (early weeding can increase yields) and seven different weeds species were considered. The selection of the best filter combination was based on a quadratic discriminant analysis. The best combination of filters included three interference filters, respectively centred on 450, 550 and 700 nm. With this combination, the overall classification accuracy (CA) was 72%. When using only two filters, a slight degradation of the CA was noticed. When the classification results were reported on field images, a systematic misclassification of carrot cotyledons appears. Better results were obtained with a more advanced growth stage.
Unscheduled return visits (URV) in adults to the emergency department (ED): a rapid evidence assessment policy review.

Unscheduled return visits (URV) to the emergency department (ED) may be an important quality indicator of performance of individual clinicians as well as organisations and systems responsible for the delivery of emergency care. The aim of this study was to perform a rapid evidence assessment policy-based literature review of studies that have looked at URVs presenting to the ED. A rapid evidence assessment using SCOPUS and PUBMED was used to identify articles looking at unplanned returns to EDs in adults; those relating to specific complaints or frequent attenders were not included. After exclusions, we identified 26 articles. We found a reported URV rate of between 0.4% and 43.9% with wide variation in the time period defined for a URV, which ranged from 24 h to undefined. Thematic analysis identified four broad subtypes of URVs: related to patient factors, to the illness, to the system or organisation and to the clinician. This review informed the development of national clinical quality indicators for England. URV rates may serve as an important indicator of quality performance within the ED. However, review of the literature shows major inconsistencies in the way URVs are defined and measured. Furthermore, the review has highlighted that there are potentially at least four subcategories of URVs (patient related, illness related, system related and clinician related). Further work is in progress to develop standardised definitions and methodologies that will allow comparable research and allow URVs to be used reliably as a quality indicator for the ED.
Importance of lactic acid bacteria in Asian fermented foods

Lactic acid bacteria play important roles in various fermented foods in Asia. Besides being the main component in kimchi and other fermented foods, they are used to preserve edible food materials through fermentation of other raw-materials such as rice wine/beer, rice cakes, and fish by producing organic acids to control putrefactive microorganisms and pathogens. These bacteria also provide a selective environment favoring fermentative microorganisms and produce desirable flavors in various fermented foods. This paper discusses the role of lactic acid bacteria in various non-dairy fermented food products in Asia and their nutritional and physiological functions in the Asian diet.