LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intra-arterial carboplatin chemotherapy for brain tumors: A dose escalation study based on cerebral blood flow

Purpose. To perform an intra-arterial dose escalation studyof carboplatin based on hemispheric blood-flow estimation inpatients with recurrent malignant glioma. The primary purposewas to determine the maximally tolerated intra-arterial dose.Methods and patients. Methods included: 1) selective intra-arterialdelivery performed with modern microcatheters, 2) pulsatile infusion,and 3) dosage based on local cerebral blood-flowestimation (middle cerebral artery 60%, anterior cerebral artery20%, posterior cerebral artery 15%, and anterior choroidalartery 5% of the hemispheric blood-flow). The deliverieswere performed above the ophthalmic artery in theanterior circulation, or above the anterior inferior cerebellararteries in the posterior circulation. The doses wereescalated from 200 mg/hemisphere at 50 mg increments.Twenty-one patients were studied (14 with glioblastoma multiforme,five anaplastic astrocytoma, one aggressive low-grade glioma, onemetastasis). Patients had recurrent glioma limited to onehemisphere and Karnofsky score of 50 or greater.Concomitant therapies were allowed. Results. Carboplatin was escalatedto a dose of 1400 mg/hemisphere. One patienthad a permanent neuromotor decline. The predominant toxicitywas hematopoietic. The median time to tumor progressionwas 22 weeks, median survival 39 weeks, andthe response rate 70% (50% SD and 20%PR) of 19 patients. Conclusions. Hemispheric blood-flow estimationallowed us to escalate the dose of intra-arterialcarboplatin to twice what was previously considered safe.Responses compared favorably to previous studies. Further studiesare needed to determine if this method willprovide improved and durable responses.
Calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis: What's what

One very simple interpretation of calibration is to adjust a set of parameters associated with a computational science and engineering code so that the model agreement is maximized with respect to a set of experimental data. One very simple interpretation of validation is to quantify our belief in the predictive capability of a computational code through comparison with a set of experimental data. Uncertainty in both the data and the code are important and must be mathematically understood to correctly perform both calibration and validation. Sensitivity analysis, being an important methodology in uncertainty analysis, is thus important to both calibration and validation. In this paper, we intend to clarify the language just used and express some opinions on the associated issues. We will endeavor to identify some technical challenges that must be resolved for successful validation of a predictive modeling capability. One of these challenges is a formal description of a ‘‘model discrepancy’’ term. Another challenge revolves around the general adaptation of abstract learning theory as a formalism that potentially encompasses both calibration and validation in the face of model uncertainty. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of Baseline BMI on Glycemic Control and Weight Change with Metformin Monotherapy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Phase IV Open-Label Trial

BACKGROUND
Differences exist between treatment recommendations regarding the choice of metformin as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes patients according to body mass index (BMI). This study compared the efficacy of metformin monotherapy among normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
In this prospective, multicenter, open-label study in China, patients aged 23-77 years were enrolled 1∶1:1 according to baseline BMI: normal-weight (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2); n = 125); overweight (BMI 24.0-27.9 kg/m(2); n = 122) or obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m(2); n = 124). Extended-release metformin was administered for 16 weeks (500 mg/day, up-titrated weekly to a maximum 2,000 mg/day). The primary efficacy endpoint was the effect of baseline BMI on glycemic control with metformin monotherapy, measured as the change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at week 16 compared among BMI groups using ANCOVA. Other endpoints included comparisons of metformin's effects on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid levels and body weight.


RESULTS
Mean HbA1c decreases at week 16, adjusted for baseline values, were -1.84%, -1.78% and -1.78% in normal-weight, overweight and obese patients, (P = 0.664); body weight decreased by 2.4%, 3.9% and 3.5%, respectively. FPG levels decreased similarly over time in all BMI groups (P = 0.461) and changes from baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) did not differ significantly among BMI groups at week 16 (P = 0.143 and 0.451, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Baseline BMI had no impact on glycemic control, weight change or other efficacy measures with metformin monotherapy. These data suggest that normal-weight type 2 diabetes patients would derive the same benefits from first-line treatment with metformin as overweight and obese patients, and are not at increased risk of excess weight loss.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00778622.
Hip and glenohumeral rotational range of motion in healthy professional baseball pitchers and position players.

BACKGROUND
Research suggests that limitations in the hip motion of baseball players may lead to altered motion at the glenohumeral joint to maintain throwing velocity, thereby predisposing the upper extremity to injury.


PURPOSE
To measure and evaluate the correlation between hip and shoulder rotational range of motion (ROM) in healthy professional baseball players.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive laboratory study.


METHODS
Ninety-nine professional baseball players (50 pitchers and 49 position players; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 22 ± 2.8 years; mean height ± SD, 187 ± 5.4 cm; mean weight ± SD, 81.6 ± 7.7 kg) with no history of hip or shoulder injury were tested. Dominant and nondominant hip and glenohumeral joints were measured for the following passive ROM variables: (1) hip internal rotation (IR), (2) hip external rotation (ER), (3) total hip rotational ROM (IR + ER), (4) isolated glenohumeral IR, (5) isolated glenohumeral ER, and (6) total glenohumeral rotational ROM (IR + ER).


RESULTS
Statistically, hip ER and total hip rotational ROM were greater in position players than in pitchers and less in the lead leg compared with the stance leg hip with groups combined; however, differences are not clinically meaningful. Pitchers had more glenohumeral rotational ROM than did position players. For all players, glenohumeral motion had less IR and greater ER in the throwing arm than the nonthrowing arm, but total glenohumeral rotational ROM was equivalent between sides. The correlations between hip and glenohumeral ROM were little, if any, and ranged from r = -0.19 to 0.11 (P = .006-.94) for all players and r = -0.29 to 0.23 (P = .04-.97) for pitchers only.


CONCLUSION
These data suggest no clinically meaningful differences in hip ROM between pitchers and position players and between lead leg and stance legs of all players. There is little or no relationship between hip and glenohumeral ROM in healthy professional baseball players.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The study findings add to the growing body of evidence that suggests an absence of chronic hip ROM adaptations. It is therefore suggested that in the hip, unlike the glenohumeral joint, symmetry in ROM between player positions and dominant and nondominant sides should be expected in healthy professional baseball pitchers and position players.
Backpropagation Algorithms for a Broad Class of Dynamic Networks

This paper introduces a general framework for describing dynamic neural networks-the layered digital dynamic network (LDDN). This framework allows the development of two general algorithms for computing the gradients and Jacobians for these dynamic networks: backpropagation-through-time (BPTT) and real-time recurrent learning (RTRL). The structure of the LDDN framework enables an efficient implementation of both algorithms for arbitrary dynamic networks. This paper demonstrates that the BPTT algorithm is more efficient for gradient calculations, but the RTRL algorithm is more efficient for Jacobian calculations
11.4 A 512Gb 3b/cell 64-stacked WL 3D V-NAND flash memory

The advent of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, the internet of things and mobile computing is producing a tremendous amount of data. In the era of big data, storage devices with versatile characteristics are required for ultra-fast processing, higher capacity storage, lower cost, and lower power operation. SSDs employing 3D NAND are a promising to meet these requirements. Since the introduction of 3D NAND technology to marketplace in 2014 [1], the memory array size has nearly doubled every year [2,3]. To continue scaling 3D NAND array density, it is essential to scale down vertically to minimize total mold height. However, vertical scaling results in critical problems such as increasing WL capacitance and non-uniformity of stacked WLs due to variation in the channel hole diameter. To tackle these issues, this work proposes schemes for programming speed improvement and power reduction, and on-chip processing algorithms for error correction.
Vertex Sparsification in Trees

Given an unweighted tree T = (V,E) with terminals K ⊂ V , we show how to obtain a 2-quality vertex flow and cut sparsifier H with VH = K. We prove that our result is essentially tight by providing a 2− o(1) lower-bound on the quality of any cut sparsifier for stars. In addition we give improved results for quasi-bipartite graphs. First, we show how to obtain a 2-quality flow sparsifier with VH = K for such graphs. We then consider the other extreme and construct exact sparsifiers of size O(2), when the input graph is unweighted. An extended abstract will appear in Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA) 2016. University of Vienna, Faculty of Computer Science, Vienna, Austria. E-mail: gramoz.goranci@univie.ac.at. Part of this work was done while the author was a master’s student at TU München. Institut für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany. E-mail: raecke@in.tum.de.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF CARDIAC NURSES ABOUT COMMONLY ADMINISTERED DRUGS IN CARDIAC SURGICAL ICU PROJECT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma in Cardiovascular and Thoracic Nursing

Topic: A study to assess the knowledge of Cardiac Nurses about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU. Nurses are responsible for preparing and administering potent drugs that affects the patient's cardiovascular functions. Nurses should be competent enough in medicine administration to prevent medication errors. Each nurse should be aware of indication, action, contraindications, adverse reactions and interactions of drugs. OBJECTIVES: -1. To identify knowledge about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU among Cardiac Nurses. 2. To identify the relationship between knowledge level about commonly administered drugs in Cardiac Surgical ICU and selected variables. METHODS: -Pilot study was done in 5 cardiac speciality nursing students, then 25 cardiac nurses were selected randomly from the CSICU including permanent @ temporary registered nurses for the study; Convenient sampling technique was used for selecting the sample. Total period of study was from August 2011 to October 2011. A self-administered questionnaire was used in the form of multiple choices. RESULTS: Study shows that 3% of the sample had poor knowledge, 23% had average knowledge, 57% had fair knowledge and 17% had good knowledge about commonly administered drugs in CSICU. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the mean knowledge score with age, professional qualification, year of experience and CPCR training programme attended. There was statistically significant higher knowledge score in nurses with increase in ICU experience. CONCLUSION: -Majority of cardiac nurses have above average knowledge about commonly administered drugs in CSICU.
In-wheel motor design for electric vehicles

In this work, an in-wheel electric motor prototype has been designed for experimental purposes. The in-wheel motor (hub motor) can be used in electric cars with 4-wheel independent drive configuration. Within every wheel, there can be one "direct-drive in-wheel motor" to generate the necessary torque per wheel. Unlike conventional "central drive unit" systems, torque as well as the power and speed can be supplied to each tire independently. The difference in this work is the design of a direct drive electric motor which is able to carry transverse loading acts on a tire. The type of the motor is called inverted configuration or outer rotor structure in the literature. The electric machine designed in this work is a switched reluctance machine. First, a 3D solid model was created. Necessary strength analyses have been done. Simultaneously, electromagnetic FEA has been done, and, when it is necessary, either of the designs were modified until it converged to a set of consistent dimensions for both mechanic and electromagnetic design. Lastly, the results of the electromagnetic analysis were embedded into a hybrid simulation model in order to check the coherency between the design and the analysis. The results were coherent
Design Patterns in Java

The patterns discussed in this section are some of the most common, basic and important design patterns one can find in the areas of object-oriented design and programming. Some of these fundamental design patterns, such as the Interface, Abstract Parent, Private Methods, etc., are used extensively during the discussion of the other patterns in this book. Chapter Pattern Name Description 3 Interface Can be used to design a set of service provider classes that offer the same service so that a client object can use different classes of service provider objects in a seamless manner without having to alter the client implementation. 4 Abstract Parent Class Useful for designing a framework for the consistent implementation of the functionality common to a set of related classes. 5 Private Methods Provide a way of designing a class behavior so that external objects are not permitted to access the behavior that is meant only for the internal use. 6 Accessor Methods Provide a way of accessing an object's state using specific methods. This approach discourages different client objects from directly accessing the attributes of an object, resulting in a more maintainable class structure. 7 Constant Data Manager Useful for designing an easy to maintain, centralized repository for the constant data in an application. 8 Immutable Object Used to ensure that the state of an object cannot be changed. May be used to ensure that the concurrent access to a data object by several client objects does not result in race conditions. 3 The Java programming language has built-in support for some of the fundamental design patterns in the form of language features. The other fundamental patterns can very easily be implemented using the Java language constructs. DESCRIPTION In general, the functionality of an object-oriented system is encapsulated in the form of a set of objects. These objects provide different services either on their own or by interacting with other objects. In other words, a given object may rely upon the services offered by a different object to provide the service it is designed for. An object that requests a service from another object is referred as a client object. Some other objects in the system may seek the services offered by the client object. From Figure 3.1, the client object assumes that the service provider objects corresponding to a specific service request are always of the same class type and interacts directly with …
Aggressive early crystalloid resuscitation adversely affects outcomes in adult blunt trauma patients: an analysis of the Glue Grant database.

BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests that aggressive crystalloid resuscitation is associated with significant morbidity in various clinical settings. We wanted to assess whether aggressive early crystalloid resuscitation adversely affects outcomes in adult blunt trauma patients.


METHODS
Data were derived from the Glue Grant database. Our primary outcome measure was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included days on mechanical ventilation; intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS); inflammatory (acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome, or multiple-organ failure) and resuscitation-related morbidity (abdominal and extremity compartment syndromes or acute renal failure) and nosocomial infections (ventilator-associated pneumonia, bloodstream, urinary tract, and surgical site infections).


RESULTS
In our sample of 1,754 patients, in-hospital mortality was not affected, but ventilator days (p < 0.001) as well as ICU (p = 0.009) and hospital (p = 0.002) LOS correlated strongly with the amount of crystalloids infused in the first 24 hours after injury. Amount of crystalloid resuscitation was also associated with the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (p < 0.001), multiple-organ failure (p < 0.001), bloodstream (p = 0.001) and surgical site infections (p < 0.001), as well as abdominal (p < 0.001) and extremity compartment syndromes (p = 0.028) in a dose-dependent fashion, when age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), severity of injury and acute physiologic derangement, comorbidities, as well as colloid and blood product transfusions were controlled for.


CONCLUSION
Crystalloid resuscitation is associated with a substantial increase in morbidity, as well as ICU and hospital LOS in adult blunt trauma patients.
Kinetic characteristics of the enzymatic conversion in presence of cyclodextrins: study of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenase.

The capability of cyclodextrins (CDs) to greatly enhance the solubility in water of poorly water-soluble substances makes them an ideal alternative system for studying the expression of enzyme activity with such substrates in aqueous solution. In order to evaluate the behaviour of the enzymes in presence of CDs a study of the lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as model reaction has been carried out. This was done by using LOX from two different sources (soybean and potato tuber), at two pH values (6.3 and 9.0), with two substrates (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) and three types of CD (beta-CD, methyl-beta-CD and monoglucosyl-beta-CD). PUFA have been shown to form inclusion complexes of 1:2 stoichiometry which are in equilibrium with free PUFA and free CD, thus complexation is governed by two equilibrium constants, K1 and K2 (J.M. López-Nicolás et al., Biochem. J. 308 (1995) 151-154; R. Bru et al., Colloids Surf. 97 (1995) 263-269). For the oxidation of PUFA by LOX in the presence of beta-CD we propose a model in which free PUFA is the only effective substrate, thus the oxidation of the complexed substrate requires the previous dissociation of the complex. The equilibrium constants of complex formation are determined by both a physico-chemical and an enzymatic method. In spite of giving quite similar results, the second was proven to be more accurate so it was employed in further studies. CD was shown to slow down the reaction rate of LOX, specifically due to the increase of Km, Vmax remaining unchanged. That apparent inhibition is due to removal of effective (free) substrate in the form of inclusion complexes. This 'sequestered' substrate can, however, be converted since it is in equilibrium with the free. The feasibility of realizing a CD-mediated accurate control over the conversion rate is demonstrated in the experiment called 'cyclodextrin assay' in which the concentration of the free substrate is calculated by using the equilibrium constants of complex formation and setting the initial concentrations of total substrate and total CD. From the observation of the reaction progress curves in the conditions of the CD assay, we have studied some characteristic parameters of the oxidation of PUFA by LOX in this new medium, such as enzymatic activity, duration of linear product accumulation and the lag phase.
A fuel economy optimization system with applications in vehicles with human drivers and autonomous vehicles

Keywords: Vehicle fuel economy Eco-driving Human–machine interface Autonomous vehicle Driving simulator analysis a b s t r a c t Motor vehicle powered by regular gasoline is one of major sources of pollutants for local and global environment. The current study developed and validated a new fuel-economy optimization system (FEOS), which receives input from vehicle variables and environment variables (e.g., headway spacing) as input, mathematically computes the optimal acceler-ation/deceleration value with Lagrange multipliers method, and sends the optimal values to drivers via a human-machine interface (HMI) or automatic control systems of autonomous vehicles. FEOS can be used in both free-flow and car-following traffic conditions. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate FEOS. It was found that without sacrificing driver safety, drivers with the aid of FEOS consumed significant less fuel than those without FEOS in all acceleration conditions (22–31% overall gas saving) and the majority of deceleration conditions (12–26% overall gas saving). Compared to relative expensive vehicle engineering system design and improvement, FEOS provides a feasible way to minimize fuel consumptions considering human factors. Applications of the optimal model in the design of both HMI for vehicles with human drivers and autonomous vehicles were discussed. A number of alternatives have been put forward to improve fuel economy of motor vehicles and recently driving behaviors and energy efficient technologies have been seen to offer considerable potential for reducing fuel consumption. Additional while the exploitation of energy efficient technologies may take time to implement and be costly in terms of continuously having to satisfy consumer demands for safety, comfort, space and adequate acceleration and performance encouraging changes in driving behavior can be accomplished relatively quickly. One method to help drivers form appropriate driving behaviors is via the in-vehicle human–machine interface (HMI). For example, van der Voort et al. (2001) develop a fuel-efficiency support tool to present visual advice on optimal gear shifting to maximize fuel economy. Appropriate vehicle pedal operations, however, may contribute more than manual shifting operations to fuel economy (Brundell-Freij and Ericsson, 2005). Further pedal operations are applied for both manual-transmission and automatic-transmission vehicles with human drivers as well as autonomous vehicles, while gear shifting operations are only used for manual-transmission ones. Fuel consumption models have been developed to quantify the relationship between fuel consumption and vehicle characteristics , traffic or road conditions but these, in general, are only able to provide approximate fuel consumption estimates. As the model accuracy …