LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Applications of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in Geomorphology and Hydrology

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a powerful geodetic tool used to construct digital elevation models of the earth’s topography and to image centimeter-scale displacements associated with crustal deformation and the flow of ice sheets. The past decade has seen significant improvements in our understanding of earthquakes, volcanoes, and glaciers as a direct result of this technology. Geomorphology and hydrology can also benefit from InSAR. A small but growing body of work shows that it is possible to interferometrically measure centimeter-scale motions associated with unstable slopes, land subsidence, fluctuating soil moisture and water levels, and deforming river-ice cover. Maps of interferometric correlation provide information about the structure of snow and reveal areas disturbed by erosion, sedimentation, flooding, snowfall, and aufeis growth. At present, such techniques are underdeveloped and largely overlooked by the geographic and radar communities. This article reviews these emerging geomorphic and hydrologic applications of InSAR and presents a first demonstration of motion detection for river ice.
Beneficial metabolic effects of the Malaysian herb Labisia pumila var. alata in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM OF THE STUDY
New options are needed to prevent and treat metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva)-a Malaysian herb thought to have phytoestrogenic effects-has shown promise in reducing body weight gain in ovariectomized rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPva on body composition and metabolic features in female rats treated continuously with dihydrotestosterone, starting before puberty, to induce PCOS.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
At 9 weeks of age, the PCOS rats were randomly subdivided into two groups; PCOS LPva and PCOS control. PCOS LPva rats received a daily oral dose of LPva (50mg/kg body weight), dissolved in 1 ml of deionised water, for 4-5 weeks. PCOS controls received 1 ml of deionised water on the same schedule.


RESULTS
LPva increased uterine weight (27%) and insulin sensitivity (36%) measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma resistin levels were increased and lipid profile was improved in LPva rats. In adipose tissue, LPva decreased leptin mRNA expression but did not affect expression of resistin and adiponectin. No effects on body composition, adipocyte size, or plasma leptin levels were observed.


CONCLUSION
LPva increases uterine weight, indicating estrogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in PCOS rats without affecting body composition.
Study the grain boundary triple junction segregation of phosphorus in a nickel-base alloy using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on a transmission electron microscope

Abstract Segregation of phosphorus at grain boundary triple junctions in a nickel-base alloy was measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on a transmission electron microscope. It was found that the triple junction segregation of phosphorus varies with grain boundaries in that the concentration of phosphorus at triple junction can be higher or lower than that at the adjacent grain boundaries. A concentration gradient was detected along some grain boundaries within a distance of 5–100 nm from the associated triple junctions. The results are discussed with regards to various structural and atomistic diffusion characteristics.
Personality and intelligence as predictors of academic achievement : A cross-sectional study from elementary to secondary school

General intelligence and personality traits from the Five-Factor model were studied as predictors of academic achievement in a large sample of Estonian schoolchildren from elementary to secondary school. A total of 3618 students (1746 boys and 1872 girls) from all over Estonia attending Grades 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 participated in this study. Intelligence, as measured by the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, was found to be the best predictor of students’ grade point average (GPA) in all grades. Among personality traits (measured by self-reports on the Estonian Big Five Questionnaire for Children in Grades 2 to 4 and by the NEO Five Factor Inventory in Grades 6 to 12), Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness correlated positively and Neuroticism correlated negatively with GPA in almost every grade. When all measured variables were entered together into a regression model, intelligence was still the strongest predictor of GPA, being followed by Agreeableness in Grades 2 to 4 and Conscientiousness in Grades 6 to 12. Interactions between predictor variables and age accounted for only a small percentage of variance in GPA, suggesting that academic achievement relies basically on the same mechanisms through the school years. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Signals With Nonlinear Companding Scheme

Companding transform is a simple and efficient method in reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, a novel nonlinear companding scheme is proposed to reduce the PAPR and improve Bit Error Rate (BER) for OFDM systems. This proposed scheme mainly focuses on compressing the large signals, while maintaining the average power constant by properly choosing transform parameters. Moreover, analysis shows that the proposed scheme without de-companding at the receiver can also offer a good BER performance. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other companding scheme in terms of spectrum side-lobes, PAPR reduction and BER performance.
Digital color imaging

This paper surveys current technology and research in the area of digital color imaging. In order to establish the background and lay down terminology, fundamental concepts of color perception and measurement are first presented using vector-space notation and terminology. Present-day color recording and reproduction systems are reviewed along with the common mathematical models used for representing these devices. Algorithms for processing color images for display and communication are surveyed, and a forecast of research trends is attempted. An extensive bibliography is provided.
CREATIVE CITIES: THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES AND THE CREATIVE CLASS

The aim of this paper is to critically examine the notion that the creative class may or may not play as a causal mechanism of urban regeneration. The paper begins with a review of Florida’s argument focusing on the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings. The second section develops a critique of the relationship between the creative class and growth. This is followed by an attempt to clarify the relationship between the concepts of creativity, culture and the creative industries. Finally, the paper suggests that policy makers may achieve more successful regeneration outcomes if they attend to the cultural industries as an object that links production and consumption, manufacturing and service. Such a notion is more useful in interpreting and understanding the significant role of cultural production in contemporary cities, and what relation it has to growth.
Exceptional symmetric domains

We give the presentation of exceptional bounded symmetric domains using the Albert algebra and exceptional Jordan triple systems. 
The first chapter is devoted to Cayley-Graves algebras, the second to exceptional Jordan triple systems. In the third chapter, we give a geometric description of the two exceptional bounded symmetric domains, their boundaries and their compactification.
A phase 1 trial and pharmacokinetic study of cediranib, an orally bioavailable pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors.

PURPOSE
To determine the toxicity profile, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of cediranib administered orally, once daily, continuously in children and adolescents with solid tumors.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors, excluding primary brain tumors, were eligible. DLT at the starting dose of 12 mg/m(2)/d resulted in de-escalation to 8 mg/m(2)/d and subsequent re-escalation to 12 and 17 mg/m(2)/d. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed during cycle 1. Response was evaluated using WHO criteria.


RESULTS
Sixteen patients (median age, 15 years; range, 8 to 18 years) were evaluable for toxicity. DLTs (grade 3 nausea, vomiting, fatigue in one; hypertension and prolonged corrected QT interval in another) occurred in patients initially enrolled at 12 mg/m(2)/d. Subsequently, 8 mg/m(2)/d was well tolerated in three patients. An additional seven patients were enrolled at 12 mg/m(2)/d; one had DLT (grade 3 diarrhea). At 17 mg/m(2)/d, two of four patients had DLTs (grade 3 nausea; intolerable grade 2 fatigue). Non-dose-limiting toxicities included left ventricular dysfunction, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, weight loss, and headache. The MTD of cediranib was 12 mg/m(2)/d (adult fixed dose equivalent, 20 mg). At 12 mg/m(2)/d, the median area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) was 900 ng·h/mL, which is similar to adults receiving 20 mg. Objective responses were observed in patients with Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma.


CONCLUSION
The recommended monotherapy dose of cediranib for children with extracranial solid tumors is 12 mg/m(2)/d administered orally, once daily, continuously. A phase II study is in development.
Visual illusions, delayed grasping, and memory: No shift from dorsal to ventral control

We tested whether a delay between stimulus presentation and grasping leads to a shift from dorsal to ventral control of the movement, as suggested by the perception-action theory of Milner and Goodale (Milner, A.D., & Goodale, M.A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.). In this theory the dorsal cortical stream has a short memory, such that after a few seconds the dorsal information is decayed and the action is guided by the ventral stream. Accordingly, grasping should become responsive to certain visual illusions after a delay (because only the ventral stream is assumed to be deceived by these illusions). We used the Müller-Lyer illusion, the typical illusion in this area of research, and replicated the increase of the motor illusion after a delay. However, we found that this increase is not due to memory demands but to the availability of visual feedback during movement execution which leads to online corrections of the movement. Because such online corrections are to be expected if the movement is guided by one single representation of object size, we conclude that there is no evidence for a shift from dorsal to ventral control in delayed grasping of the Müller-Lyer illusion. We also performed the first empirical test of a critique Goodale (Goodale, M.A. (2006, October 27). Visual duplicity: Action without perception in the human visual system. The XIV. Kanizsa lecture, Triest, Italy.) raised against studies finding illusion effects in grasping: Goodale argued that these studies used methods that lead to unnatural grasping which is guided by the ventral stream. Therefore, these studies might never have measured the dorsal stream, but always the ventral stream. We found clear evidence against this conjecture.
Named Entity Recognition for Vietnamese

Named Entity Recognition is an important task but is still relatively new for Vietnamese. It is partly due to the lack of a large annotated corpus. In this paper, we present a systematic approach in building a named entity annotated corpus while at the same time building rules to recognize Vietnamese named entities. The resulting open source system achieves an F-measure of 83%, which is better compared to existing Vietnamese NER systems. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Index
Variability of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruits’ physical characteristics and nutrient content in the West African Sahel

The present study was carried out to evaluate variability in fruit characteristics and nutritional quality of Baobab fruits with the aim of providing the background to select trees bearing fruit with desirable characteristics for further utilisation. Vitamin C, total sugar and ash contents were assessed in 178 Baobab fruit samples from 11 sites in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. Furthermore the following tree and fruit physical characteristics were recorded: tree height, bark colour, fruit size, pulp weight, seed weight, seed size and pulp colour. The content (mean ± SD) of vitamin C was 4.78 ± 1.02 g kg−1, sugar 514 ± 72 g kg−1 and fruit weight 293 ± 96 g. There was a significant correlation between annual precipitation of the tree population site and vitamin C content but not with sugar content. For sugar, there were significant positive correlations with latitude and longitude. Negative correlations were found between fruit size and both longitude and latitude with smaller fruits generally being found to the north/east. No relation was found between pulp or bark colour and the sugar or vitamin C content. The contents of protein, lipid, carbohydrates, ash and moisture in the seeds ranged from 156 to 159, 143 to 150, 641 to 652, 44 to 49 and 50 to 55.7 g kg−1 respectively. The variation for vitamin C and sugar found within populations is a first indication that valuable gains could be made by selection of superior trees.
Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association.

OBJECTIVE
After concerns about the possible toxicity of thimerosal-containing vaccines in the United States, this study was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amount of thimerosal that an infant receives via diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTP) or diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccination at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed using 109 863 children who were born from 1988 to 1997 and were registered in general practices in the United Kingdom that contributed to a research database. The disorders investigated were general developmental disorders, language or speech delay, tics, attention-deficit disorder, autism, unspecified developmental delays, behavior problems, encopresis, and enuresis. Exposure was defined according to the number of DTP/DT doses received by 3 and 4 months of age and also the cumulative age-specific DTP/DT exposure by 6 months. Each DTP/DT dose of vaccine contains 50 microg of thimerosal (25 microg of ethyl mercury). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disorders were calculated per dose of DTP/DT vaccine or per unit of cumulative DTP/DT exposure.


RESULTS
Only in 1 analysis for tics was there some evidence of a higher risk with increasing doses (Cox's HR: 1.50 per dose at 4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.20). Statistically significant negative associations with increasing doses at 4 months were found for general developmental disorders (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93), unspecified developmental delay (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92), and attention-deficit disorder (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98). For the other disorders, there was no evidence of an association with thimerosal exposure.


CONCLUSIONS
With the possible exception of tics, there was no evidence that thimerosal exposure via DTP/DT vaccines causes neurodevelopmental disorders.
Possible ?(5S), ?(4D), ?(6S), and ?(5D) signals in \mth{\Lambda_{\rm c}\bar{\Lambda}_{\rm c}}

It is shown that the ?c+?c- signal recently reported by the Belle Collaboration (Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008) 172001) contains clear signs of the ?(5S) and the ?(4D) c--> vector states, and also some indication for the masses and widths of the ?(6S) and ?(5D). Moreover, it is argued that the threshold behaviour of the ?c+?c- cross-section suggests the presence of the hitherto undetected ?(3D) state not far below the ?c+?c- threshold.
Antibacterial activity of marine-derived fungi

A total of 227 marine isolates of ubiqituous fungi were cultivated on different media and the secondary metabolite content of the extracts (ethyl acetate/chloroform/methanol 3 : 2 : 1) characterized by HPLC. The fungi were secured from animals, plants and sediments of Venezuelan waters (0–10 m) including mangroves and lagoonal areas. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity. A total of 7 were active towards Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 55 towards Staphylococcus aureus, representing 18 different fungal species from 8 ascomycetous genera. For 61 strains of Penicillium citrinum antibacterial activity correlated well with content of secondary metabolites as measured by HPLC. Thirteen isolates of Penicillium steckii produced very similar profiles of secondary metabolites and 6 of these had activity against either V. parahaemolyticus or S. aureus or both.
Evaluation of trunk muscle activity in chronic low back pain patients and healthy individuals during holding loads.

OBJECTIVES
Low back pain after load-carrying is the most important disorder in musculoskeletal system and a cause of dysfunction and economic problems. Holding materials can disturb spinal stability; nevertheless, there are few researches about the pattern of trunk muscle recruitment in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) during load holding.


METHODS
Ten female patients with CLBP and ten matched healthy subjects participated in this study. Normalized electromyography activation of trunk muscles during holding loads was analyzed.


RESULTS
The low back pain group demonstrated significantly higher activation levels of the External oblique abdominis muscle during loading 12 kg in flexed trunk position and lower activation levels of the Internal oblique abdominis muscle during loading 6 and 12 kg in neutral trunk position than the control group. With the highest external load and trunk flexion, the electrical activity of back muscles increased significantly in both groups. With increasing load, the activation of Rectus abdominis muscle in patients with CLBP and the activation of Rectus abdominis and Internal oblique muscles were increased significantly in healthy subjects.


CONCLUSION
Higher activation of global and lower activation of local abdominal muscles in patients with CLBP may represent that pain changes neuromuscular control systems. The increased activity of extensor muscles during trunk flexion is probably needed for stability and controlling of flexion.
Deep Multi-Task Learning for Aspect Term Extraction with Memory Interaction

We propose a novel LSTM-based deep multi-task learning framework for aspect term extraction from user review sentences. Two LSTMs equipped with extended memories and neural memory operations are designed for jointly handling the extraction tasks of aspects and opinions via memory interactions. Sentimental sentence constraint is also added for more accurate prediction via another LSTM. Experiment results over two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Tecnis Symfony Intraocular Lens with a “ Sweet Spot ” for Tolerance to Postoperative Residual Refractive Errors

Purpose: To investigate the impact of residual astigmatism on visual acuity (VA) after the implantation of a novel extended range of vision (ERV) intraocular lens (IOL) based on the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration. Method: The study enrolled 411 patients bilaterally implanted with the ERV IOL Tecnis Symfony. Visual acuity and subjective refraction were analyzed during the 4to 6-month follow-up. The sample of eyes was stratified for four groups according to the magnitude of postoperative refractive astigmatism and postoperative spherical equivalent. Results: The astigmatism analysis included 386 eyes of 193 patients with both eyes of each patient within the same cylinder range. Uncorrected VAs for distance, intermediate and near were better in the group of eyes with lower level of postoperative astigmatism, but even in eyes with residual cylinders up to 0.75 D, the loss of VA lines was clinically not relevant. The orientation of astigmatism did not seem to have an impact on the tolerance to the residual cylinder. The SE evaluation included 810 eyes of 405 patients, with both eyes of each patient in the same SE range. Uncorrected VAs for distance, intermediate and near, were very similar in all SE groups. Conclusion: Residual cylinders up to 0.75 D after the implantation of the Tecnis Symfony IOL have a very mild impact on monocular and binocular VA. The Tecnis Symfony IOL shows a good tolerance to unexpected refractive surprises and thus a better “sweet spot”.
Attitudes of adult 46, XY intersex persons to clinical management policies.

PURPOSE
We surveyed a clinic sample of adult 46,XY intersex patients regarding attitudes to clinical management policies.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
All adult former patients of 1 pediatric endocrine clinic in the eastern United States whose addresses could be obtained and who consented to participation were surveyed by a comprehensive written followup questionnaire. Three questions on attitudes concerning the desirability of a third gender category and the age at which genital surgery should be done were presented in the context of ratings of satisfaction with gender, genital status and sexual functioning.


RESULTS
A total of 72 English speaking patients with 46,XY, including 32 men and 40 women 18 to 60 years old, completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents stated that they were mainly satisfied with being the assigned gender, did not have a time in life when they felt unsure about gender, did not agree to a third gender policy, did not think that the genitals looked unusual (although the majority of men rated their penis as too small), were somewhat or mainly satisfied with sexual functioning, did not agree that corrective genital surgery should be postponed to adulthood and stated that their genital surgeries should have been performed before adulthood, although there were some significant and important differences among subgroups.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of adult patients with intersexuality appeared to be satisfied with gender and genital status, and did not support major changes in the prevailing policy. However, a significant minority was dissatisfied and endorsed policy changes.