LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Study of Prevalence and Etiology in a Group of Iranian Children

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with systemic conditions in a group of Iranian children.


METHODS
The study population comprised of 433 7-9 year olds, from four schools in Zahedan, Iran. Subjects were evaluated clinically by one examiner, and at a separate session, their mothers completed a coded medical history questionnaire. Hypo-mineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on DDE (developmental defects of enamel) index and DMFT (number of decayed, filled and missing teeth) was determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and independent sample t-tests.


FINDINGS
Fifty-five (12.7%) children showed MIH. The overall mean number of affected teeth was 0.2. The mean value of DMFT in MIH children was greater than in normal children. Demarcated opacities were the most frequent (76%) enamel defect. Mother's and child's medical problems during prenatal, perinatal and post natal period were significantly remarkable in MIH children.


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of MIH in a group of Iranian children was 12.7%. Prenatal, perinatal and post natal medical conditions were more prevalent in children affected by MIH.
Multiscale InSAR Time Series ( MInTS ) analysis of surface deformation

[1] We present a new approach to extracting spatially and temporally continuous ground deformation fields from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. We focus on unwrapped interferograms from a single viewing geometry, estimating ground deformation along the line-of-sight. Our approach is based on a wavelet decomposition in space and a general parametrization in time. We refer to this approach as MInTS (Multiscale InSAR Time Series). The wavelet decomposition efficiently deals with commonly seen spatial covariances in repeat-pass InSAR measurements, since the coefficients of the wavelets are essentially spatially uncorrelated. Our time-dependent parametrization is capable of capturing both recognized and unrecognized processes, and is not arbitrarily tied to the times of the SAR acquisitions. We estimate deformation in the wavelet-domain, using a cross-validated, regularized least squares inversion. We include a model-resolution-based regularization, in order to more heavily damp the model during periods of sparse SAR acquisitions, compared to during times of dense acquisitions. To illustrate the application of MInTS, we consider a catalog of 92 ERS and Envisat interferograms, spanning 16 years, in the Long Valley caldera, CA, region. MInTS analysis captures the ground deformation with high spatial density over the Long Valley region.
Tumors of the thyroid gland: histologic and cytologic features--part 1.

Every year, 18,000 new thyroid cancer cases are reported in the United States, representing 1.2% of the total number of new cancer cases of all sites. Thyroid cancer accounts for 1,200 deaths, or 0.2% of the total number of deaths related to cancer.1 Over the last two decades, there has been important progress in our understanding of tumors of the thyroid gland, from both histopathologic and etiopathogenetic points of view. In the first part of this review, we summarize the histologic and cytologic features of benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland that derive from follicular cells.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Efficient Pose Estimation in Gesture Videos

Our objective is to efficiently and accurately estimate the upper body pose of humans in gesture videos. To this end, we build on the recent successful applications of deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). Our novelties are: (i) our method is the first to our knowledge to use ConvNets for estimating human pose in videos; (ii) a new network that exploits temporal information from multiple frames, leading to better performance; (iii) showing that pre-segmenting the foreground of the video improves performance; and (iv) demonstrating that even without foreground segmentations, the network learns to abstract away from the background and can estimate the pose even in the presence of a complex, varying background. We evaluate our method on the BBC TV Signing dataset and show that our pose predictions are significantly better, and an order of magnitude faster to compute, than the state of the art [3].
Independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on self-care and outcomes in Type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on diabetes knowledge, self-care, diabetes outcomes and quality of life.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional sample of 615 adults from two adult primary care clinics in the southeastern United States. Primary outcome variables were diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors (diet, exercise, medication adherence, blood sugar testing, foot care) and diabetes outcomes (HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, physical component summary score of SF12 quality of life, mental component summary score of SF12 quality of life). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, health literacy and comorbidity. Linear regression models were used to assess independent associations controlling for covariates.


RESULTS
In final adjusted models, significant associations for HbA1c included education [β = -0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.36 to -0.08], income (β = -0.66, CI: -1.30 to -0.16), self-efficacy (β = -0.12, CI: -0.15 to -0.08) and diabetes distress (β = 0.43, CI: 0.14 to 0.72). Significant associations for self-care included medication adherence with diabetes distress (β = -0.58, CI: -0.91 to -0.25) and perceived stress (β = -0.12, CI: -0.18 to -0.05) and exercise with depression (β = -0.06, CI: -0.10 to -0.01) and self-efficacy (β = 0.06, CI: 0.01 to 0.10). Significant associations for quality of life included depression (β = -0.08, CI: -0.12 to -0.03), serious psychological distress (β = -0.09, CI: -0.12 to -0.05), social support (β = 0.01, CI: 0.001 to 0.02) and perceived stress (β = -0.12, CI: -0.19 to -0.06).


CONCLUSIONS
Social determinants of health were significantly associated with diabetes self-care and outcomes with socioeconomic factors being most often associated with diabetes outcomes and psychological factors, specifically self-efficacy and perceived stress being most often associated with self-care and quality of life.
Recurrent acute pancreatitis as a manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis

We report a case of recurrent acute pancreatitis in a 57-year-old man with reactivation of Wegener's granulomatosis. An association between acute pancreatitis and Wegener's granulomatosis has not been reported previously. Six episodes of abdominal pain and hyperamylasemia occurred and were complicated by development of a pancreatic pseudocyst. New cavitary lung lesions typical of Wegener's granulomatosis led to treatment with increased glucocorticoid dosage, resulting in rapid resolution of the pancreatitis and pulmonary lesions. Acute pancreatitis may be a clinical manifestation of the histologic pancreatic vasculitis observed in Wegener's granulomatosis. Reactivation of Wegener's granulomatosis should be considered when a patient with the disorder develops otherwise unexplained acute pancreatitis.
Microvillous inclusion disease: how to improve the prognosis of a severe congenital enterocyte disorder.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare congenital enterocyte disorder causing severe diarrhea and intestinal failure. The objective of this study was to analyze clinical evolution and the most frequent complications of MVID in children receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and after small-bowel transplantation (SBTx) with the aim to improve treatment strategies and prognosis.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
From 1995 to 2009, 24 patients (16 boys, median follow-up 4.7 years, range: from birth to 23.5 years) with MVID were admitted to our unit. The recorded parameters included growth, neurological development, liver and renal functions, bone disease, and outcome.


RESULTS
Almost half of the children were from consanguineous families from the Mediterranean area. All of the patients completely depended on PN. Four children died of PN complications before 4 years of age. Before or without SBTx, growth failure was common (mean height -2.5 standard deviations [SD]), as was developmental delay (12/24), liver (20/22 with fibrosis) or kidney disease (3/23 with moderate renal insufficiency), and osteoporosis (6/24). Thirteen children underwent SBTx (9 isolated, 4 combined with liver Tx) at a median age of 3.5 years. Follow-up after SBTx was 0.4 to 14 years. Patient survival rates were 63% without SBTx and 77% with SBTx. After SBTx, 4 children experienced catch-up growth.


CONCLUSIONS
PN in MVID is difficult to manage and requires expertise. Despite improved results in expert centers, the risk of death or irreversible sequelae is higher with PN than after Tx. SBTx, despite being complicated, remains the only hope to improve the quality of life and long-term prognosis of these children.
Short versus extended thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized comparison.

INTRODUCTION
The optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty remains uncertain.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
We performed a randomized, open trial to determine whether to stop thromboprophylactic therapy at Day 10±2 ('short thromboprophylaxis') was non-inferior to continue thromboprophylactic therapy up to Day 35±5 ('extended thromboprophylaxis') after total knee arthroplasty. At Day 7±2, subjects were screened by ultrasonography for asymptomatic deep-vein thrombosis and randomized. The primary outcome was a composite of proximal deep-vein thrombosis, any symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis, non-fatal symptomatic pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, or all-cause death up to Day 35±5. The secondary outcome was ultrasonographic (extension or new onset) distal deep-vein thrombosis at Day 35±5.


RESULTS
Twenty-one patients (2.4%) were not randomized, because of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis on systematic ultrasonography at Day 7±2. Among the 857 randomized patients, mean (SD) duration of anticoagulant treatment was 11.2 (6.7) and 33.9 (3.7) days in the short and extended thromboprophylaxis groups, respectively. The respective rates of the primary outcome were 4.0% (17/420) and 2.4% (10/422), with an absolute difference of 1.7% (90% confidence interval, -0.3 to 3.7). In 285 patients with asymptomatic distal deep-vein thrombosis at Day 7±2, the respective rates of the primary outcome were 7.8% and 2.8% (p=0.067). The rates of the secondary outcome were 14.8% (62/420) and 4.5% (19/422), respectively (p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Short thromboprophylaxis was not non-inferior to extended thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty. In this setting, the thromboembolic risk persisted longer than seven days, notably in patients with asymptomatic distal deep-vein thrombosis at discharge. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00362492.
Effects of think aloud on translation speed, revision, and segmentation

Resumo: Quatro estudantes de mestrado em tradução e cinco tradutores expertos traduziram dois textos do dinamarquês para o inglês e dois textos do inglês para o dinamarquês. Em cada uma das direções, uma tarefa de tradução foi realizada concomitantemente à verbalização do pensamento em voz alta (do inglês, think aloud protocol, ou TAP) e a outra foi executada sem essa verbalização. As traduções foram realizadas no computador, e todos os acionamentos de teclas e mouse foram registrados utilizando-se o software Translog. O objetivo foi determinar que tipo de influência, existindo alguma, a verbalização do pensamento em voz alta poderia exercer sobre a velocidade da tradução, sobre a quantidade de texto revisado e sobre a segmentação determinada por pausas. Esperava-se que a verbalização do pensamento em voz alta tornasse o processo de tradução mais lento, mas que não afetasse a revisão ou a segmentação. Constataram-se, em ambos os grupos, efeitos significativos sobre a velocidade, com retardo do processo tradutório em aproximadamente 25%. Não se encontrou efeito significativo sobre a revisão. Entretanto, contrariando as expectativas, observaramse efeitos significativos sobre a segmentação: a verbalização concomitante do pensamento em voz alta forçou os dois grupos de tradutores a processarem os textos em segmentos menores.
Prospective relationships of physical activity with quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors.

PURPOSE
Physical activity can enhance quality of life for cancer survivors. However, few longitudinal studies have examined whether physical activity has a sustained effect on improvements in quality of life. The present study aims to examine the relationships between physical activity and quality of life over 2 years after a colorectal cancer diagnosis.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data were collected within the Colorectal Cancer and Quality of Life Study, in which 1,966 people diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recruited through the Queensland Cancer Registry. Participants completed telephone interviews at approximately 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the overall, interindividual, and intraindividual level independent effects of participation in physical activity on quality of life.


RESULTS
There was an overall independent association between physical activity and quality of life. At a given time point, participants achieving at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week had an 18% higher quality of life score than those who reported no physical activity. Significant associations were also present at the interindividual level (differences between participants) and intraindividual level (within participant changes).


CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the positive association between physical activity and quality of life is consistent over time. Encouraging colorectal cancer survivors to be physically active may be a helpful strategy for enhancing quality of life.
The Promise of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback : Evidence-Based Applications

Introduction Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) has enjoyed a good deal of popularity in recent years. A number of commercial products have been introduced ranging in price from $80 (MyCalmBeat by Brain Resourcet) to over $200 (Alivee by Somatic Vision, Inc.). The advertising for these products claims efficacy for a large number of disorders and, in fact, we are quite optimistic about the potential for these techniques, especially when combined with mindfulness-based interventions (Khazan, 2013). In this article, I will review the state of the empirical literature for the use of HRVBwith and without other clinical components. Wheat and Larkin (2010) reviewed some of the HRVB literature and concluded that ‘‘Results revealed that HRV biofeedback consistently effectuates acute improvements during biofeedback practice, whereas the presence of short-term and long-term carry-over effects is less clear’’ (p. 229). A substantial number of studies have appeared since that review. As developed in the early 1980s, HRVBwas conceived as an intervention that would target the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in contrast to other peripheral techniques that focused the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) ormuscles (see Lehrer, this issue for a history).Wenowthinkof the training as affecting cardiovascular homeostatic reflexes so as to increase flexibility and recovery from fight/flight adaptive situations. In addition, we are now investigating the vagal afferent pathways that may explain some of the central effects described below (MacKinnon, Gevirtz, McCraty, & Brown, 2013). A third pathway has been described by Tracey (2002) and involves the cholinergic or parasympathetic systems regulating the inflammatory response. The following review is organized by these possible mechanisms of action. Much more research will be necessary to elucidate these and other mechanisms, but the trend to organize treatments by mechanistic pathways has become useful in many areas of science.
A Review and Current Status of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

This article reviews the current status of the concept of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). It provides an overview of its history and origins and defines how it is commonly understood and conceptualized. Globally, CPTED is an increasingly popular crime prevention strategy supported by governments all over Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as in Asia and South Africa. This review inspects some of the evidence associated with CPTED and provides a detailed overview of the main criticisms facing this field.
Comparison of interior PM machines with concentrated and distributed stator windings for traction applications

This paper presents a detailed design comparison of two types of high-performance interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines designed to meet demanding FreedomCAR traction machine specifications, one with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW) and the other with integral-slot distributed windings (ISDW). An IPM rotor that was originally designed for an FSCW stator with a slots-per-pole-per-phase (SPP) value of 2/5 and double-layer windings is used in all four of the studied designs. This comparative investigation is carried out using finite element analysis with both single- and double-layer winding configurations. Key performance metrics are compared including the predicted back-EMF, the characteristic current, cogging torque, and highspeed losses under full load operating conditions.
A phase I trial of bortezomib in combination with epirubicin, carboplatin and capecitabine (ECarboX) in advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma

Purpose The protease inhibitor bortezomib attenuates the action of NF-κB and has shown preclinical activity alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Design A Phase I dose-escalation study was performed administering bortezomib (0.7, 1.0, 1.3 and 1.6 mg m−2 on days 1 and 8 from cycle 2 onwards) in combination with Epirubicin 50 mg m−2 intravenously on day 1, Carboplatin AUC 5 day 1 and Capecitabine 625 mg m−2 BD days 1–21 every 21 days (VECarboX regimen), in patients with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Bortezomib when combined with ECarboX. Results 18 patients received bortezomib 0.7 (n = 6), 1.0 (n = 3), 1.3 (n = 6) and 1.6 mg m−2 (n = 3) and a protocol amendment reducing the capecitabine dose to 500 mg m−2 BD was enacted due to myelotoxicity. Common treatment-related non-haematological adverse events of any grade were fatigue (83.3 %), anorexia (55.6 %), constipation (55.6 %) and nausea (55.6 %). Common Grade 3/4 haematological toxicities were neutropenia (77.8 %) and thrombocytopenia (44.4 %). Objective responses were achieved in 6 patients (33.3 %) and a further 5 patients (27.8 %) had stable disease for >8 weeks. Conclusions The addition of Bortezomib to ECarboX is well tolerated and response rates are comparable with standard chemotherapy.
Security Implications of Blockchain Cloud with Analysis of Block Withholding Attack

The blockchain technology has emerged as an attractive solution to address performance and security issues in distributed systems. Blockchain's public and distributed peer-to-peer ledger capability benefits cloud computing services which require functions such as, assured data provenance, auditing, management of digital assets, and distributed consensus. Blockchain's underlying consensus mechanism allows to build a tamper-proof environment, where transactions on any digital assets are verified by set of authentic participants or miners. With use of strong cryptographic methods, blocks of transactions are chained together to enable immutability on the records. However, achieving consensus demands computational power from the miners in exchange of handsome reward. Therefore, greedy miners always try to exploit the system by augmenting their mining power. In this paper, we first discuss blockchain's capability in providing assured data provenance in cloud and present vulnerabilities in blockchain cloud. We model the block withholding (BWH) attack in a blockchain cloud considering distinct pool reward mechanisms. BWH attack provides rogue miner ample resources in the blockchain cloud for disrupting honest miners' mining efforts, which was verified through simulations.
Klebsiella Brain Abscess in Adults

Background: We analyzed the clinical manifestations and therapeutic outcomes of Klebsiella brain abscesses. Patients and Methods: The clinical data of 15 patients with Klebsiella brain abscesses, retrospectively collected over a 14-year period, were studied. Results: The 15 patients included 13 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and two cases of Klebsiella oxytoca. All but one case were community-acquired infections. Locations of all of these abscesses were supratentorial. 12 cases involved a single abscess, and three involved multiple abscesses. Gas formation was also found in two cases (13%). Common predisposing factors included metastatic spread, chronic otitis media and neurosurgical procedures. Among these 15 patients, 11 were treated surgically and four received antibiotics alone. In total, 11 patients survived and four died, with an overall mortality rate of 26.7%. Conclusion: The clinical presentations and therapeutic outcomes varied according to the different Klebsiella species. While debilitating diseases were common in K. pneumoniae infections, they were not common in K. oxytoca infection. And while metastatic septic abscess is a well-known, devastating complication of K. pneumoniae septicemia, usually seen as a brain abscess with a gas-forming appearance, all of these K. oxytoca infection had both otogenic infections and more favorable outcomes.