LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Real-world outcomes of paliperidone palmitate compared to daily oral antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia: a randomized, open-label, review board-blinded 15-month study.

OBJECTIVE
The Paliperidone Palmitate Research in Demonstrating Effectiveness (PRIDE) study compared the effects of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate with daily oral antipsychotics on treatment failure in adults with schizophrenia.


METHOD
The PRIDE study is a 15-month, randomized, multicenter study (May 5, 2010, to December 9, 2013) of adult subjects with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of incarceration. Subjects were randomly assigned to once-monthly paliperidone palmitate injections or daily oral antipsychotics (randomly assigned from 7 acceptable, prespecified oral antipsychotics) for 15 months. The primary end point was time to first treatment failure, defined as arrest/incarceration; psychiatric hospitalization; suicide; treatment discontinuation or supplementation due to inadequate efficacy, safety, or tolerability; or increased psychiatric services to prevent hospitalization. Time to first treatment failure was determined by a blinded event-monitoring board and analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method.


RESULTS
In this study, 450 patients were randomly assigned, and 444 were included in the intent-to-treat population. Paliperidone palmitate was associated with significant delay in time to first treatment failure versus oral antipsychotics (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09-1.88; log rank P = .011). Observed treatment failure rates over 15 months were 39.8% and 53.7%, respectively. Arrest/incarceration and psychiatric hospitalization were the most common reasons for treatment failure in the paliperidone palmitate and oral antipsychotic groups (21.2% vs 29.4% and 8.0% vs 11.9%, respectively). The 5 most common treatment-emergent adverse events for the paliperidone palmitate treatment group were injection site pain (18.6% of subjects), insomnia (16.8%), weight increased (11.9%), akathisia (11.1%), and anxiety (10.6%).


CONCLUSIONS
In a trial designed to reflect real-world management of schizophrenia, once-monthly paliperidone palmitate demonstrated superiority compared to oral antipsychotics in delaying time to treatment failure.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01157351.
SMORE: software-defined networking mobile offloading architecture

We present our Software-defined network Mobile Offloading aRchitecturE (SMORE). SMORE realizes traffic offloading in mobile networks without requiring any changes to the functionality of existing mobile network nodes. At the same time, it is fully aware of mobile network functionality, including mobility.
Classifying EEG-based motor imagery tasks by means of time–frequency synthesized spatial patterns

OBJECTIVE
To develop a single trial motor imagery (MI) classification strategy for the brain-computer interface (BCI) applications by using time-frequency synthesis approach to accommodate the individual difference, and using the spatial patterns derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythmic components as the feature description.


METHODS
The EEGs are decomposed into a series of frequency bands, and the instantaneous power is represented by the envelop of oscillatory activity, which forms the spatial patterns for a given electrode montage at a time-frequency grid. Time-frequency weights determined by training process are used to synthesize the contributions from the time-frequency domains.


RESULTS
The present method was tested in nine human subjects performing left or right hand movement imagery tasks. The overall classification accuracies for nine human subjects were about 80% in the 10-fold cross-validation, without rejecting any trials from the dataset. The loci of MI activity were shown in the spatial topography of differential-mode patterns over the sensorimotor area.


CONCLUSIONS
The present method does not contain a priori subject-dependent parameters, and is computationally efficient. The testing results are promising considering the fact that no trials are excluded due to noise or artifact.


SIGNIFICANCE
The present method promises to provide a useful alternative as a general purpose classification procedure for MI classification.
Higher LSB Layer Based Audio Steganography Technique

Steganography is the act of hiding information within other information that can only be detected by its intended recipient. Alike our previous papers here we also propose an audio steganographic method that can adjust other bits in such a way so that the stego audio signal resulting from embedding data in higher LSB layer is perceptually indistinguishable from the host audio signal. The detailed discussion makes outputs more encouraging. I. Introduction Steganography is invented for accomplishing hidden communication [1]. Its applications have been used in country security purpose, network security purpose and perhaps terrorists [2]. The goal of Steganography is to " hide messages inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even detect that there is a second message present " [3]. steganography is used to cover or to hidden writing [4]. The messages are invisible to human visionary system. Modern steganography is generally deal with electronic media rather than physical objects. Various proposals have been available for protocols to hide data in channels containing pictures [5, 6, 7], video [7, 8], audio [5, 7] and even typeset text [5, 7]. The actual information is not maintained in its original format and thereby it is converted into an alternative equivalent multimedia file like image, video or audio which in turn is being hidden within another object [9].
Towards the Formal Verification of Ciphers: Logical Cryptanalysis of DES

Providing formal assurance of correctness is a key issue for cryptographic algorithms. Yet, automated reasoning tools have only been used for the veriication of security protocols, and almost never for the veriication and cryptanal-ysis of the cryptographic algorithms on which those protocols rely. We claim that one can use logic for encoding the low-level properties of state-of-the-art cryptographic algorithms and then use automated theorem proving for reasoning about them. We call this approach logical cryptanalysis. In this framework, nding a model for a formula encoding an algorithm is equivalent to nding a key with a cryptanalytic attack. Other important properties, such as algebraic closure can also be captured. Here we present a case study on the U.S. Data Encryption Standard (DES) with 56-bits keys and discuss how to obtain a manageable encoding of its properties and how SAT provers perform on our encoding of the DES.
Language and conceptual development.

Linguistic and conceptual development converge crucially in the process of early word learning. Acquiring a new word requires the child to identify a conceptual unit, identify a linguistic unit, and establish a mapping between them. On the conceptual side, the child has to not only identify the relevant part of the scene being labeled, but also isolate a concept at the correct level of abstraction-the word 'dog' must be mapped to the concept dog and not to the concepts petting or collie, for example. On the linguistic side, the child must use the syntactic context in which the word appears to determine its grammatical category (e.g., noun, verb, adjective). But she also uses syntactic information, along with observation of the world and social-communicative cues, to make guesses at which concept the word picks out as well as its level of abstraction. We present evidence that young learners learn new words rapidly and extend them appropriately. However, the relative import of observational and linguistic cues varies as a function of the kind of word being acquired, with verbs requiring a richer set of conceptual and linguistic cues than nouns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Brain networks underlying the clinical effects of long-term subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a 4-year follow-up study with rCBF SPECT.

UNLABELLED
The motor improvement derived from high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is maintained over time after surgery. The aim of the present prospective follow-up study was to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes related to such improvement in the long term.


METHODS
Ten PD patients with STN-DBS underwent 3 rCBF SPECT studies at rest-once preoperatively in the off-drug condition and the other 2 postoperatively in the off-drug/on-stimulation conditions at 5 +/- 2 and 42 +/- 7 mo. Patients were administered with Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale, and Schwab and England (S&E) scale. Statistical parametric mapping was used to investigate rCBF changes during long-term STN stimulation in comparison with preoperative rCBF and the relationship between rCBF and UPDRS scores was used as a covariate of interest.


RESULTS
All patients showed a maximum clinical improvement during the first months after surgery and remained rather stable during further follow-up. The effect of STN-DBS from the pre- to the postoperative condition at 5 mo was to produce rCBF increases in the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), premotor (PMC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. From the postoperative condition at 5 mo to that at 42 mo, the STN stimulation produced further rCBF increases in these frontal areas, and also in the primary motor/sensory cortices, globus pallidi, ventral lateral thalamic nuclei, cerebellum, pons, and midbrain entailing the substantia nigra (P < 0.0001). A correlation was detected between the improvement in motor scores and the rCBF increase in the pre-SMA and PMC (P < 0.0001). No correlation was present between the daily consumption of levodopa and the rCBF.


CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that the long-term STN stimulation leads to improvement in neural activity in the frontal motor/associative areas. After an rCBF increase during the first months of stimulation, these regions showed a further increment in the later phase, which was accompanied by an increased activity in subcortical structures. The correlation between motor improvement and rCBF increase in higher order motor cortical areas suggests that even in the long term, as well as in the short term, the STN-DBS achieves its therapeutic benefit by restoring the activity within these cortical regions.
Prehospital Stroke Identification: Factors Associated with Diagnostic Accuracy.

BACKGROUND
Stroke patients misdiagnosed by emergency medical services (EMS) providers have been shown to receive delayed in-hospital care. We aim at determining the diagnostic accuracy of Fire Department of New York (FDNY) EMS providers for stroke and identifying potential reasons for misdiagnosis.


METHODS
Prehospital care reports of all patients transported by FDNY EMS to 3 hospitals from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2011, were compared against the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) database (reference standard) for the diagnosis of stroke. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were generated to explore prehospital patient characteristics which are associated with stroke misdiagnosis.


RESULTS
Of 72,984 patient transports during the study period, 750 had a GWTG diagnosis of stroke, 468 (62%) of which were identified correctly in the field and 282 (38%) were missed. An additional 268 patients were misdiagnosed as stroke when in fact they had an alternative diagnosis. Overall sensitivity was 62.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58.9-65.8) and specificity was 99.6% (95% CI, 99.6-99.7). No patients who presented with unilateral weakness, facial weakness, or speech problems were missed, whereas patients with atypical complaints like general malaise, dizziness, and headache were more likely to be missed. Seizures led the EMS providers to both overcall a stroke and miss the diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
FDNY EMS care providers missed more than a third of stroke cases. Seizures and other atypical presentations contribute significantly to stroke misdiagnosis in the field. Our findings highlight the need for better prehospital stroke identification methods.
Morphological Changes Induced by Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation in Thyroid Nodules – a Preclinical Ex Vivo Investigation

Introduction: Recently, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of thyroid nodules. However, immediate morphological changes associated with bipolar devices are poorly shown. Aims: To present the results of analysis of gross and microscopic alterations in human thyroid tissue induced by RFA delivered through the application of the original patented device. Materials and methods: In total, there were 37 surgically removed thyroid glands in females aged 32-67 at presentation: 16 nodules were follicular adenoma (labelled as 'parenchymal' solid benign nodules) and adenomatous colloid goitre was represented by 21 cases. The thyroid gland was routinely processed and the nodules were sliced into two parts - one was a subject for histological routine processing according to the principles that universally apply in surgical pathology, the other one was used for the RFA procedure. Results: No significant difference in size reduction between parenchymal and colloid nodules was revealed (p>0.1, t-test) straight after the treatment. In addition, RFA equally effectively induced necrosis in follicular adenoma and adenomatous colloid goitre (p>0.1, analysis of variance test). As expected, tumour size correlated with size reduction (the smaller the size of the nodule, the greater percentage of the nodule volume that was ablated): r=-0.48 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results make it possible to move from ex vivo experiments to clinical practice.
Design of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of Counseling of mental health problems by Occupational Physicians on return to work: the CO-OP-study

BACKGROUND
Mental health problems often lead to prolonged sick leave. In primary care, the usual approach towards these patients was the advice to take rest and not return to work before all complaints had disappeared. When complaints persist, these patients are often referred to psychologists from primary and specialized secondary care. As an alternative, ways have been sought to activate the Dutch occupational physician (OP) in primary care. Early 2000, the Dutch Association of Occupational Physicians (NVAB) published a guideline concerning the management by OPs of employees with mental health problems. The guideline received positive reactions from employees, employers and Dutch OPs. This manuscript describes the design of a study, which aims to assess the effects of the guideline, compared with usual care.


METHODS/DESIGN
In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), subjects in the intervention group were treated according to the guideline. The control group received usual care, with minimal involvement of the OP and easy access to a psychologist. Subjects were recruited from two Dutch police departments. The primary outcomes of the study are return to work and treatment satisfaction by the employee, employer, and OP. A secondary outcome is cost-effectiveness of the intervention, compared with usual care. Furthermore, prognostic measures are taken into account as potential confounders. A process evaluation will be done by means of performance indicators, based on the guideline.


DISCUSSION
In this pragmatic trial, effectiveness instead of efficacy is studied. We will evaluate what is possible in real clinical practice, rather than under ideal circumstances. Many requirements for a high quality trial are being met. Results of this study will contribute to treatment options in occupational health practice for employees on sick leave due to mental health problems. Additionally, they may contribute to new and better-suited guidelines and stepped care. Results will become available during 2007.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN34887348.
Metabolomic signatures in lipid-loaded HepaRGs reveal pathways involved in steatotic progression

OBJECTIVES
A spectrum of disorders including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis is described by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With the increased prevalence of obesity, and consequently NAFLD, there is a need for novel therapeutics in this area. To facilitate this effort, a cellular model of hepatic steatosis was developed using HepaRG cells and the resulting biochemical alterations were determined.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Using global metabolomic profiling, by means of a novel metabolite extraction procedure, the metabolic profiles in response to the saturated fatty acid palmitate, and a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, palmitate and oleate (1:2) were examined.


RESULTS
We observed elevated levels of the branched chain amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, sphingosine and acylcarnitines, and reduced levels of carnitine in the steatotic HepaRG model with both palmitate and palmitate:oleate treatments. In addition, elevated levels of diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols as well as altered bile acid metabolism were selectively displayed by palmitate-induced steatotic cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Biochemical changes in pathways important in the transition to hepatic steatosis including insulin resistance, altered mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative stress are revealed by this global metabolomic approach. Moreover, the utility of this in vitro model for investigating the mechanisms of steatotic progression, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity in NAFLD was demonstrated.
Antecedents of Intrinsic Motivation, Metacognition and Their Effects on Students' Academic Performance in Fundamental Knowledge for Matriculation Courses.

Purpose This study examined the interrelationships between a set of antecedent academic intrinsic motivations and metacognitive strategy such as goal orientation, perceived value and religiosity in Fundamental Knowledge for Matriculation courses (FKM). It also investigated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategy on one hand, and students’ academic performance on the other. Methodology – A total of 471 second-year students (233 males and 238 females) were randomly selected to participate in a survey, following a stratified random sampling. Hypothesized relationships of academic intrinsic motivation, metacognitive strategy and their predictors were then tested by using Structural Equation Modeling. Findings Using bootstrapping (data-based resampling), the findings confirmed the proposed model which suggests that goal orientation and Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction: Vol. 14, No. 2 Dec (2017) perceived values contributed to students’ academic performance directly and indirectly via intrinsic motivation and metacognition. Additionally, the findings also indicate that goal orientation was the main determinant of intrinsic motivation and metacognition, followed by perceived value. It was also found that religious motives within a perceived value construct contributed significantly to students’ academic performance in a direct and indirect manner via intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategy. Significance – The study suggests the importance of goal orientation especially mastery and performance as well as perceived value and most significantly, religious motive in students’ intrinsic motivation and their use of metacognitive strategies. The study also highlights the significance of intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategies in students’ academic performance. Hence, it is recommended that learners should be helped to adopt appropriate academic goals, and be encouraged to use metacognitive strategies to enhance their learning
TOWARDS SMART HOME : CONTROL ELECTRICAL DEVICES ONLINE

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web, has made the web is not just use for delivering information. Currently, Web is used to carry information in a borderless way since one of its features is stateless. The extension of the technology has discovered a web also could delivered signals. Since the introduction to the smart home concept, a web plays an important roles to control almost every electrical devices connected to internet that enable the user can control it every where. This paper presents on development of web-based controller for control electrical device. The prototype developed using Microsoft Visual Studio. NET and Circuit design. The methodology used in this project consists of three main phases which are Analysis, Design and Implementation. For future advancement, the prototype intends to include SMS module so that controlling can be done through SMS.
Turmeric extract may improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomology in otherwise healthy adults: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptomology in otherwise healthy adults.


DESIGN
Partially blinded, randomized, two-dose, pilot study.


SUBJECTS
Five hundred (500) volunteers were screened for IBS using the Rome II criteria. Two hundred and seven (207) suitable volunteers were randomized.


INTERVENTIONS
One or two tablets of a standardized turmeric extract taken daily for 8 weeks.


OUTCOMES MEASURES
IBS prevalence, symptom-related quality of life (IBSQOL) and self-reported effectiveness.


RESULTS
IBS prevalence decreased significantly in both groups between screening and baseline (41% and 57%), with a further significant drop of 53% and 60% between baseline and after treatment, in the one- and two-tablet groups respectively (p < 0.001). A post-study analysis revealed abdominal pain/discomfort score reduced significantly by 22% and 25% in the one- and two-tablet group respectively, the difference tending toward significance (p = 0.071). There were significant improvements in all bar one of the IBSQOL scales of between 5% and 36% in both groups, approximately two thirds of all subjects reported an improvement in symptoms after treatment, and there was a favorable shift in self-reported bowel pattern. There were no significant differences between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Turmeric may help reduce IBS symptomology. Placebo controlled trials are now warranted to confirm these findings.
Helping Crisis Responders Find the Informative Needle in the Tweet Haystack

Crisis responders are increasingly using social media, data and other digital sources of information to build a situational understanding of a crisis situation in order to design an effective response. However with the increased availability of such data, the challenge of identifying relevant information from it also increases. This paper presents a successful automatic approach to handling this problem. Messages are filtered for informativeness based on a definition of the concept drawn from prior research and crisis response experts. Informative messages are tagged for actionable data – for example, people in need, threats to rescue efforts, changes in environment, and so on. In all, eight categories of actionability are identified. The two components – informativeness and actionability classification – are packaged together as an openly-available tool called Emina (Emergent Informativeness and Actionability).