LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Immediate and two-year outcomes after EVAR in "on-label" and "off-label" neck anatomies using different commercially available devices. analysis of the experience of two Italian vascular centers.

BACKGROUND
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has fast become the therapeutic strategy of choice for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Nowadays, the most important limit to the effectiveness of this technique is represented by complex anatomical situations, especially regarding the morphology of the proximal sealing zone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2-year outcome of unselected, real-world patients with "off-label" (off-L) proximal necks treated in 2 high-volume Italian vascular centers.


METHODS
A double-center study was conducted on a prospectively compiled computerized database between January 2010 and December 2011. One hundred and ninety-six consecutive elective surgery patients were analyzed and divided into 2 groups ("on-label" [on-L] and "off-L" necks) on the basis of their aortic neck anatomy. The neck was classified as an "off-L neck" in the presence of: (1) a noncylindrical neck, (2) an angulated neck, (3) a short neck, and (4) an enlarged neck. The end points were 30-day and 2-year technical and clinical success, evaluated in terms of freedom from reintervention and death.


RESULTS
One hundred and thirty-three elective patients were treated by standard EVAR in the presence of an "off-L" proximal neck anatomy. Technical success was achieved in all cases in both groups. Six (9.5%) unplanned adjunctive procedures were necessary in the on-L group and 16 (12%) in the off-L group (P = ns). Perioperative endoleaks, reinterventions, stent-graft migration rates, and AAA-related deaths were null. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the subgroups of patients with 2 or > 2 anatomic factors that indicate a challenging neck. In patients with 2 such factors, a significant difference was observed in terms of intraoperative adjunctive procedures, intraoperative endoleaks, and all-cause mortality: 26.7% vs. 9.9% (P = 0.048), 6.7% vs. 0.5% (P = 0.023), and 13.3% vs. 1.1% (P = 0.0012), respectively. The same differences became increasingly evident when analyzing patients with > 2 criteria: 50% vs. 10% (P = 0.0022), 16.7% vs. 0.5% (P < 0.001), and 16.7% vs. 1.0% (P = 0.01). No AAA-related deaths or AAA ruptures were reported in either group at the end of the 2-year follow-up. High-flow endoleaks, stent-graft migration, and, consequently, reintervention were more frequent in the off-L group, but none of these parameters reached statistical significance.


CONCLUSIONS
Our experience seems to show that the off-L use of EVAR could be considered effective for the treatment of patients unfit for open surgery. In patients with more than one anatomical proximal neck feature contraindicating open surgery, the rate of immediate complications and reinterventions was higher, but this did not affect the clinical benefit and success at 2-year follow-up.
Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol-treated mice.

Because both androgens and estrogens have been implicated in penile morphogenesis, we evaluated penile morphology in transgenic mice with known imbalance of androgen and estrogen signaling using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and immunohistochemistry of androgen and estrogen receptors α/β. Penises of adult wild-type, estrogen receptor-α knockout (αERKO), estrogen receptor-β knockout (βERKO), aromatase knockout (Arom-KO), and aromatase overexpression (Arom+) mice were evaluated, as well as adult mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) from birth to day 10. Adult penises were examined because the adult pattern is the endpoint of development. The urethral orifice is formed by fusion of the MUMP (male urogenital mating protuberance) with the MUMP ridge, which consists of several processes fused to each other and to the MUMP. Similarly, the internal prepuce is completed ventrally by fusion of a ventral cleft. In adult murine penises the stromal processes that form the MUMP ridge are separated from their neighbors by clefts. αERKO, βERKO, and Arom-KO mice have penises with a MUMP ridge clefting pattern similar to that of wild-type mice. In contrast, Arom+ mice and neonatally DES-treated mice exhibit profound malformations of the MUMP, MUMP ridge clefting pattern, and internal prepuce. Abnormalities observed in Arom+ and neonatally DES-treated mice correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) in the affected structures. This study demonstrates that formation of the urethal orifice and internal prepuce is due to fusion of separate epithelial-surfaced mesenchymal elements, a process dependent upon both androgen and estrogen signaling, in which ERβ signaling is strongly implicated.
The Therac-25: 30 Years Later

A widely cited 1993 Computer article described failures in a software-controlled radiation machine that massively overdosed six people in the late 1980s, resulting in serious injury and fatalities. How far have safety-critical systems come since then?
Years of Baeyer – Villiger Oxidations

In the present review, we report the discovery of the of the Baeyer–Villiger reaction was a matter of debate. A side product, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxocyclohexane, was ruled out as an formation of esters and lactones by oxidation of ketones with a peroxide derivative, namely the Baeyer–Villiger reaction. intermediate in the ester formation by Dilthey. Criegee postulated a nucleophilic attack of the oxidant on the This reaction was first reported by Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger a century ago in 1899, just one year after the carbonyl group. This mechanism was confirmed by von E. Doering by a labeling experiment with [18O]benzophenone. oxidant they used (KHSO5) has been described. Furthermore, Baeyer and Villiger established the composition of this new The rearrangement step occurs with retention of the stereochemistry at the migrating center. The competitive inorganic peroxide and showed that its instability was the reason of a controversy between several European chemists migration and the rate-determining step are also discussed in this review. between 1878 and 1893. For the first 50 years the mechanism
, Carlos Step-Down of Enalapril Treatment for Arterial Hypertension

Enalapril treatment (20 mg every 12 hours) of 24 patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy established normal blood pressures after 8 weeks, and after 5 years, it had reduced LV mass index by 39% (from 148634 to 90616 g/m) and had normalized LV structure and function and QT dispersion. Stepwise reduction of the enalapril dosage from 40 to 30, 20, 10, and 5 mg/d during the eighth year caused no significant change in blood pressure, LV structure, LV systolic function, or QT dispersion, which all likewise remained unaltered during an additional 2-year period of the 5-mg/d regimen. We conclude that for hypertensive patients in whom prolonged treatment with high doses of enalapril has normalized blood pressure, LV structure, LV function, and QT dispersion, the dose may be reduced as much as 8-fold without detriment to cardiovascular control. The use of smaller doses is evidently advantageous from the point of view of health costs. (Hypertension. 1999;34:1287-1292.)
The Adaptive Learning System Based on Learning Style and Cognitive State

Adaptive learning system, in essence, is a kind of online learning environment that supports the individual learning. It changes the traditional "just put it on the web" approach, and provides the customized learning according to the individual differences. In order to reducing the "cognition overload" and "disoriented", an architecture of adaptive learning system based on learning style and cognitive state (ALS-LSCS) is put forward in this paper. Referencing AHAM model, the architecture of ALS-LSCS is mainly composed of the media space, domain model, instruction model, learner model, adaptive model and the user interface. To record the cognitive state and learning style of learners, learner model combines the stereotype with the multi-layered overlay model. According to the Felder-Silverman categories, learning style is represented in stereotype. Cognitive state is recorded in Multi-layered overlay model. ALS-LSCS selects the learning content based on learnerpsilas cognitive state, and presents learning content through selecting teaching media based on learnerpsilas learning style.
Interpreting Revolutionary Excess: The Naxalite Movement in India, 1967–71

Marxism and liberalism are not only products of the modern age but also champions of it. They share concerns and make assumptions about human society and reason which mark them unmistakably as progeny of the Enlightenment, and they see in the modern that which is both inevitable and desirable.
An α Helix to β Barrel Domain Switch Transforms the Transcription Factor RfaH into a Translation Factor

NusG homologs regulate transcription and coupled processes in all living organisms. The Escherichia coli (E. coli) two-domain paralogs NusG and RfaH have conformationally identical N-terminal domains (NTDs) but dramatically different carboxy-terminal domains (CTDs), a β barrel in NusG and an α hairpin in RfaH. Both NTDs interact with elongating RNA polymerase (RNAP) to reduce pausing. In NusG, NTD and CTD are completely independent, and NusG-CTD interacts with termination factor Rho or ribosomal protein S10. In contrast, RfaH-CTD makes extensive contacts with RfaH-NTD to mask an RNAP-binding site therein. Upon RfaH interaction with its DNA target, the operon polarity suppressor (ops) DNA, RfaH-CTD is released, allowing RfaH-NTD to bind to RNAP. Here, we show that the released RfaH-CTD completely refolds from an all-α to an all-β conformation identical to that of NusG-CTD. As a consequence, RfaH-CTD binding to S10 is enabled and translation of RfaH-controlled operons is strongly potentiated. PAPERFLICK:
Auricular reconstruction: indications for autogenous and prosthetic techniques.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the alternatives for auricular reconstruction. 2. Discuss the pros and cons of autogenous reconstruction of total or subtotal auricular defects. 3. Enumerate the indications for prosthetic reconstruction of total or subtotal auricular defects. 4. Understand the complexity of and the expertise required for prosthetic reconstruction of auricular defects. The indications for autogenous auricular reconstruction versus prosthetic reconstruction with osseointegrated implant-retained prostheses were outlined in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in 1994 by Wilkes et al. of Canada, but because of the relatively recent Food and Drug Administration approval (1995) of extraoral osseointegrated implants, these indications had not been examined by a surgical unit in the United States. The purpose of this article is to present an evolving algorithm based on an experience with 98 patients who underwent auricular reconstruction over a 10-year period. From this experience, the authors conclude that autogenous reconstruction is the procedure of choice in the majority of pediatric patients with microtia. Prosthetic reconstruction of the auricle is considered in such pediatric patients with congenital deformities for the following three relative indications: (1) failed autogenous reconstruction, (2) severe soft-tissue/skeletal hypoplasia, and/or (3) a low or unfavorable hairline. A fourth, and in our opinion the ideal, indication for prosthetic ear reconstruction is the acquired total or subtotal auricular defect, most often traumatic or ablative in origin, which is usually encountered in adults. Although prosthetic reconstruction requires surgical techniques that are less demanding than autogenous reconstruction, construction of the prosthesis is a time-consuming task requiring experience and expertise. Although autogenous reconstruction presents a technical challenge to the surgeon, it is the prosthetic reconstruction that requires lifelong attention and may be associated with late complications. This article reports the first American series of auricular reconstruction containing both autogenous and prosthetic methods by a single surgical team.
Team Cornell's Skynet: Robust Perception and Planning in an Urban Environment

Isaac Miller and Mark Campbell Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dan Huttenlocher and Frank-Robert Kline Computer Science Department Aaron Nathan, Sergei Lupashin, and Jason Catlin School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brian Schimpf School of Operations Research and Information Engineering Pete Moran, Noah Zych, Ephrahim Garcia, Mike Kurdziel, and Hikaru Fujishima Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 e-mail: itm2@cornell.edu, mc288@cornell.edu, dph@cs.cornell.edu, amn32@cornell.edu, fk36@cornell.edu, pfm24@cornell.edu, ncz2@cornell.edu, bws22@cornell.edu, sv15@cornell.edu, eg84@cornell.edu, jac267@cornell.edu, msk244@cornell.edu, hf86@cornell.edu
Convolutional Neural Networks Arise From Ising Models and Restricted Boltzmann Machines

Convolutional neural net-like structures arise from training an unstructured deep belief network (DBN) using structured simulation data of 2-D Ising Models at criticality. The convolutional structure arises not just because such a structure is optimal for the task, but also because the belief network automatically engages in block renormalization procedures to “rescale” or “encode” the input, a fundamental approach in statistical mechanics. This work primarily reviews the work of Mehta et al. [1], the group that first made the discovery that such a phenomenon occurs, and replicates their results training a DBN on Ising models, confirming that weights in the DBN become spatially concentrated during training on critical Ising samples.
A multicentre retrospective comparison of central nervous system prophylaxis strategies among patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Background:Central nervous system (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a devastating complication; the optimal prophylactic strategy remains unclear.Methods:We performed a multicentre, retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL with high risk for CNS relapse as defined by two or more of: multiple extranodal sites, elevated serum LDH and B symptoms or involvement of specific high-risk anatomical sites. We compared three different strategies of CNS-directed therapy: intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) with (R)-CHOP ‘group 1’; R-CHOP with IT MTX and two cycles of high-dose intravenous (IV) MTX ‘group 2’; dose-intensive systemic antimetabolite-containing chemotherapy (Hyper-CVAD or CODOXM/IVAC) with IT/IV MTX ‘group 3’.Results:Overall, 217 patients were identified (49, 125 and 43 in groups 1–3, respectively). With median follow-up of 3.4 (range 0.2–18.6) years, 23 CNS relapses occurred (12, 10 and 1 in groups 1–3 respectively). The 3-year actuarial rates (95% CI) of CNS relapse were 18.4% (9.5–33.1%), 6.9% (3.5–13.4%) and 2.3% (0.4–15.4%) in groups 1–3, respectively (P=0.009).Conclusions:The addition of high-dose IV MTX and/or cytarabine was associated with lower incidence of CNS relapse compared with IT chemotherapy alone. However, these data are limited by their retrospective nature and warrant confirmation in prospective randomised studies.
Origin of the direct and reflected head of the rectus femoris: an anatomic study.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to define the footprint of the direct and reflected heads of the rectus femoris and the relation of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to adjacent neurovascular (lateral circumflex femoral artery and femoral nerve), bony (anterior superior iliac spine [ASIS]), and tendinous structures (iliopsoas).


METHODS
Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric hip joints from 6 cadavers, average age of 44.5 (±9.9) years, were carefully dissected of skin and fascia to expose the muscular, capsular, and bony structures of the anterior hip and pelvis. Using digital calipers, measurements were taken of the footprint of the rectus femoris on the AIIS, superior-lateral acetabulum and hip capsule, and adjacent anatomic structures.


RESULTS
The average dimensions of the footprint of the direct head of the rectus femoris were 13.4 mm (±1.7) × 26.0 mm (±4.1), whereas the dimensions of the reflected head footprint were 47.7 mm (±4.4) × 16.8 mm (±2.2). Important anatomic structures, including the femoral nerve, psoas tendon, and lateral circumflex femoral artery, were noted in proximity to the AIIS. The neurovascular structure closest to the AIIS was the femoral nerve (20.8 ± 3.4 mm).


CONCLUSIONS
The rectus femoris direct and reflected heads originate over a broad area of the anterolateral pelvis and are in close proximity to critical neurovascular structures, and care must be taken to avoid them during hip arthroscopy.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the proximal rectus femoris is valuable for any surgical exposure of the anterior hip joint, particularly arthroscopic subspine decompression and open femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery.
Impact of rain attenuation on 5G millimeter wave communication systems in equatorial Malaysia investigated through disdrometer data

Next-generation 5G cellular networks are expected to operate on the millimeter wavelength frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz and 38 GHz) to offer broader bandwidths and higher data rates. In this frequency band, rain is a major impairment to received signal power. This work aims to improve predictions of rain attenuation for 5G wireless networks operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz in heavy rain regions, by exploiting three years of raindrop size distribution (DSD) data collected at Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The specific attenuation is calculated by means of point matching technique and each minute of DSD data. The empirical power law relationship between specific attenuation and rainfall intensity are subsequently derived and compared with those for Rec. ITU-R P.838-3 and Singapore results. The results indicate substantial local deviations from the ITU-R model, especially at 38 GHz. Next, gamma and normalized gamma models are employed to compute the specific attenuation values. The performances of these models are assessed in terms by cumulative distribution function. These results offer important information for predicting rain attenuation of 5G wireless communication systems in heavy rain regions.
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF DG UNITS USING FUZZY AND REAL CODED GENETIC ALGORITHM

This paper presents a new methodology using Fuzzy and Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) for the placement of DG units in electrical distribution systems to reduce the power losses and to improve the voltage profile. Electrical energy is vital in every aspect of day-to-day life. Keen interest is taken on all possible sources of energy from which it can be generated and this led to the encouragement of generating electrical power using renewable energy resources such as solar, tidal waves and wind energy. Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. The distributed generation (DG) sources are added to the network mainly to reduce the power losses by supplying a net amount of power. In order to minimize the line losses of power systems, it is equally important to define the size and location of local generation. There have been many studies, to define the optimum location of distributed generation. In this paper, Fuzzy approach is used to find the optimal locations of DG units and Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) is used to find the optimal sizes of DG units. The suggested method is programmed under MATLAB software and is tested on 15-bus, 33-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization technique for achieving desired milled surface roughness in minimum machining time

Face milling is a widely used machining operation to produce various components. The finished component depends not only on the dimensional accuracy but also on the surface finish. The present method of selection of machining parameters by trial and error, previous work experience of the process planner and machining hand books are time consuming and very tedious. There is a need to develop a technique that could able to find the optimal machining parameters for the required surface roughness in machining. In this work, experimental investigations are carried out on aluminium material to study the effect of machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut on the surface roughness and to obtain the desired surface roughness on face milling process. Mathematical model has been developed for surface roughness prediction using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) on the basis of experimental results. The model developed for optimization has been validated by confirmation experiments. Physical constraints for both experiment and theoretical approach are the proposed machining parameters and surface roughness. It has been found that the predicted roughness using PSO is in good agreement with the actual roughness. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regulatory T cells in atherosclerosis: critical immune regulatory function and therapeutic potential

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. The disease is characterized by sub-endothelial accumulation and modification of lipids in the artery wall triggering an inflammatory reaction which promotes lesion progression and eventual plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and the respective clinical sequelae such as myocardial infarction or stroke. During the past decade, T-cell-mediated immune responses, especially control of pro-inflammatory signals by regulatory T cells (Tregs), have increasingly attracted the interest of experimental and clinical researchers. By suppression of T cell proliferation and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β, Tregs exert their atheroprotective properties. Atherosclerosis-prone, hyperlipidemic mice harbor systemically less Tregs compared to wild-type mice, suggesting an imbalance of immune cells which affects local and systemic inflammatory and potentially metabolic processes leading to atherogenesis. Restoring or increasing Treg frequency and enhancing their suppressive capacity by various modulations may pose a promising approach for treating inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the immunological basics of atherosclerosis and introduce the role and contribution of different subsets of T cells. We then discuss experimental data and current knowledge pertaining to Tregs in atherosclerosis and perspectives on manipulating the adaptive immune system to alleviate atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.