LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of antistaphylococcal antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND
The respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis is frequently colonised with Staphylococcus aureus. There is great diversity of clinical practice in this area of cystic fibrosis. A systematic review was conducted to study the evidence relating antistaphylococcal therapy to clinical outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis.


METHODS
A search strategy already evaluated for the study of the epidemiology of cystic fibrosis clinical trials was used. This yielded 3188 references from which 13 clinical trials of antistaphylococcal therapy were identified.


RESULTS
Substantial heterogeneity was observed between trials. In the 13 clinical trials a total of 19 antibiotics were used to assess a wide variety of outcome measures (11 clinical, six laboratory). Both intermittent and continuous treatment strategies were used. Sputum clearance of S aureus was more frequently achieved than any other beneficial outcome. A beneficial effect on pulmonary function was rarely measured or observed. Although five randomised clinical trials were identified, the extent of heterogeneity precluded the use of meta-analysis for further synthesis of information.


CONCLUSIONS
Antistaphylococcal treatment achieves sputum clearance of S aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis. Prophylactic antistaphylococcal treatment in young children with cystic fibrosis is likely to be of clinical benefit. It remains to be determined whether the use of "prophylactic" versus "intermittent" antistaphylococcal therapy in cystic fibrosis is associated with improved lung function and/or chest radiographic scores, an increase in bacterial resistance, or earlier acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A large randomised clinical trial lasting approximately two years is urgently required to address this problem.
Thermoelectric-powered convective cooling of microprocessors

Forced convection cooling of a personal computer microprocessor, using power generated by thermoelectric (TE) conversion, has been modeled, analyzed, and demonstrated. This study was motivated by the desire to meet the demanding cooling requirements of notebook computers without consuming valuable battery power. The modest power generated by the TE necessitated a careful match between the TE device and the fan/heat-sink sub-system. The models and methodology used to maximize the cooling capability of TE-powered convection are presented and experimentally validated using a notebook computer prototype. In the experimental study described herein, a commercial fan was successfully driven by electricity generated from the heat of the microprocessor. It was determined that, at a junction temperature of 95 /spl deg/C, thermoelectric-powered cooling could perform nearly four times better than the best natural convection design.
Privacy preserving association rule mining by introducing concept of impact factor

Association Rules discovered by association rule mining may contain some sensitive rules, which may cause potential threats towards privacy and security. Many of the researchers in this area have recently made efforts to preserve privacy for sensitive association rules in statistical database. In this paper, we propose a heuristic based association rule hiding using oracle real application clusters by introducing the concept of impact factor of transaction on the rule. The impact factor of a transaction is equal to number of itemsets that are present in those itemsets which represents sensitive association rule. Higher the impact factor of a transaction, higher is its sensitivity. Proposed algorithm exhibits the concept of impact factor to hide several rules by modifying fewer transactions. As modifications are fewer, data quality is very less affected. Use of clustering aids in increasing performance by running operations in parallel.
Quasi-Static Folding and Deployment of Ultrathin Composite Tape-Spring Hinges

Deployable structures made from ultrathin composite materials can be folded elastically and are able to selfdeploy by releasing the stored strain energy. This paper presents a detailed study of the folding and deployment of a tape-spring hingemade from a two-ply plain-weave laminate of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic. A particular version of this hinge was constructed, and its moment-rotation profile during quasi-static deployment was measured. The present study is the first to incorporate in the simulation an experimentally validated elastic micromechanical model and to provide quantitative comparisons between the simulations and the measured behavior of an actual hinge. Folding and deployment simulations of the tape-spring hinge were carried out with the commercial finite element package Abaqus/Explicit, starting from the as-built unstrained structure. The folding simulation includes the effects of pinching the hinge in the middle to reduce the peak moment required to fold it. The deployment simulation fully captures both the steady-state moment part of the deployment and the final snap back to the deployed configuration. An alternative simulation without pinching the hinge provides an estimate of the maximum moment that could be carried by the hinge during operation. This is about double the snapback moment.
[Preventing lymphoedema after breast cancer surgery by elastic restraint orthotic and manual lymphatic drainage: a randomized clinical trial].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Secondary lymphoedema is considered one of the most common complications after breast cancer surgery. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of containment elastic orthosis and manual lymphatic drainage in the prevention of lymphoedema secondary to mastectomy.


PATIENTS AND METHOD
An experimental study was performed with a control group. Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to experimental (containment elastic orthosis and manual lymphatic drainage) and control (postural measures) groups. Outcomes measures were quality of life, body composition, temperature, functional assessment of the shoulder, pain and limb volume. Measures were performed at baseline and after 8-months intervention.


RESULTS
After the intervention period, the experimental group showed significant differences (P<.05) in the quality of life, extracellular water, and functional assessment of the volume of the limb of the mastectomized side.


CONCLUSIONS
The application of containment elastic orthosis and manual lymphatic drainage contribute to prevent secondary lymphoedema after breast cancer surgery, improving the quality of life in these patients.
Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract.

BACKGROUND
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human testis, and vitamin D (VD) has been suggested to affect survival and function of mature spermatozoa. Indeed, VDR knockout mice and VD deficient rats show decreased sperm counts and low fertility. However, the cellular response to VD is complex, since it is not solely dependent on VDR expression, but also on cellular uptake of circulating VD and presence and activity of VD metabolizing enzymes. Expression of VD metabolizing enzymes has not previously been investigated in human testis and male reproductive tract. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of VDR, VD activating (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1) and inactivating (CYP24A1) enzymes in the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle (SV), prostate and spermatozoa.


METHODS
Tissue samples were obtained after orchiectomy (testis n = 13; epididymis n = 7), prostatectomy (prostate n = 5 and SVs n = 3) and semen samples obtained after ejaculation (n = 13). mRNA was detected with RT-PCR and expression of proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
VDR and VD metabolizing enzymes were concomitantly expressed in round and elongated spermatids, vesicles within the caput epididymis, and glandular epithelium of cauda epididymis, SV and prostate. The expression pattern in ejaculated spermatozoa varied, although, concomitant expression of VDR, CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 was observed in neck and midpiece in a subpopulation of mature spermatozoa.


CONCLUSION
On the basis of the marked expression of VDR and the VD metabolizing enzymes in human testis, ejaculatory tract and mature spermatozoa, we suggest that VD is important for spermatogenesis and maturation of human spermatozoa.
Technical Aspects of Cyber Kill Chain

Recent trends in targeted cyber-attacks has increased the interest of research in the field of cyber securit y. Such attacks have massive disruptive effects on organizati ons, enterprises and governments. Cyber kill chain is a model to describe cyber-attacks so as to develop incident response a nd analysis capabilities. Cyber kill chain in simple terms is an attack chain, the path that an intruder takes to penetrate information systems over time to execute an attack on the target. This paper broadly categories the methodologies, techniques an d tools involved in cyber-attacks. This paper intends to help a cybe r security researcher to realize the options available to an a ttacker at every stage of a cyber-attack. Keywords—Reconnaissance, RAT, Exploit, Cyber Attack, Persistence, Command & Control
Fingerprint enhancement by directional filtering

The important step in fingerprint matching is the reliable fingerprint recognition. Automatic fingerprint recognition system relies on the input fingerprint for feature extraction. Hence, the effectiveness of feature extraction relies heavily on the quality of input fingerprint images. In this paper adaptive filtering in frequency domain in order to enhance the fingerprint image is proposed. Enhancement of the original fingerprint image is obtained by histogram equalization of the Gabor filtered image.
Intellectual and academic functioning of school-age children with single-suture craniosynostosis.

OBJECTIVE
We compared the developmental status of school-age children with single-suture craniosynostosis (case group) and unaffected children (control group). Within the case group we compared the performance of children distinguished by location of suture fusion (sagittal, metopic, unicoronal, lambdoid).


METHODS
We administered standardized tests of intelligence, reading, spelling, and math to 182 case participants and 183 control participants. This sample represented 70% of those tested during infancy before case participants had corrective surgery.


RESULTS
After adjustment for demographics, case participants' average scores were lower than those of control participants on all measures. The largest observed differences were in Full-Scale IQ and math computation, where case participants' adjusted mean scores were 2.5 to 4 points lower than those of control participants (Ps ranged from .002 to .09). Adjusted mean case-control differences on other measures of achievement were modest, although case deficits became more pronounced after adjustment for participation in developmental interventions. Among case participants, 58% had no discernible learning problem (score <25th percentile on a standardized achievement test). Children with metopic, unicoronal, and lambdoid synostosis tended to score lower on most measures than did children with sagittal fusions (Ps ranged from <.001 to .82).


CONCLUSIONS
The developmental delays observed among infants with single-suture craniosynostosis are partially evident at school age, as manifested by lower average scores than those of control participants on measures of IQ and math. However, case participants' average scores were only slightly lower than those of control participants on reading and spelling measures, and the frequency of specific learning problems was comparable. Among case participants, those with unicoronal and lambdoid fusions appear to be the most neurodevelopmentally vulnerable.
How to Scale Up Primary Care Transformation: What We Know and What We Need to Know?

Becoming a medical home is a radical change, requiring both a new mental model for primary care and the skills and resources to accomplish it. Although numerous reports indicate practice change is feasible—particularly with technical support and either insulation from or alignment with financial incentives—sustained transformation appears difficult. We identified the following critical success factors: leadership, financial resources, personal and organizational relationships, engagement with patients and families, competence in management, improvement methods and coaching, health information technology properly applied, care coordination support, and staff development. Each factor raises researchable questions about what policies can facilitate achieving success so that transformation becomes mainstream rather than the province of the innovative few.
Deformation rate effects on failure modes of open-cell Al foams and textile cellular materials

The compressive behavior of open-cell aluminum alloy foam and stainless steel woven textile core materials have been investigated at three different deformation rate regimes. Quasi-static compressive tests were performed using a miniature loading frame, intermediate rates were achieved using a stored energy Kolsky bar, and high strain rate tests were performed using a light gas gun. In agreement with previous studies on foam materials, the strain rate was not found to have a significant effect on the plateau stress of metallic foams. For all the tests, real time imaging of the specimen combined with digital image correlation analysis allowed the determination of local deformation fields and failure modes. For the Kolsky bar tests, the deformations in the foam specimen were found to be more distributed than for the quasi-static test, which is attributed to moderate inertia effects. The differences in failure mode are more dramatic for the gas gun experiments, where a full compaction shock wave is generated at the impact surface. The stresses in front and behind the shock wave front were determined by means of direct and reverse gas gun impact tests, i.e., stationary and launched specimen, respectively. A one-dimensional shock wave model based on an idealized foam behavior is employed to gain insight into the stress history measurements. We show that the predictions of the model are consistent with the experimental observations. Woven textile materials exhibited moderate dependence of strength on the deformation rate in comparison with open-cell foam materials. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Antibacterial Effect of Effective Compounds of Satureja hortensis and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils against Erwinia amylovora

Use of essential oils as pesticides or fungicides is safer than chemicals, but it requires plenty of the plant to be effective. Hence, finding the effective compounds of essential oils and their synthesis decreases the problem of preparing the natural compound. The antibacterial effect of Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils, and their major constituents were determined using the disc diffusion method. These essential oils prevented Erwinia amylovora growth (that causes fire blight disease). The essential oils were fractionated using preparative column chromatography (Silica column) and all fractions were tested for their antibacterial activities on this bacterium. Effective fractions were analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that carvacrol is the effective compound in Satureja hortensis essential oil and has strong antibacterial effect. The effective compounds in Thymus vulgaris essential oil are thymol and carvacrol. Thymol and carvacrol showed a strong antibacterial effect against E. amylovora in the disc diffusion method. These compounds prevented the growth of E. amylovora in sucrose and nutrient agar media.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Average Max Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm ( AMRR ) using Dynamic Time Quantum with Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm using static Time Quantum

Abstract:Round Robin Scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing Operating system (OS).It is a preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm which switches between the processes when static time Quantum expires. The Round Robin Scheduling algorithm has its disadvantages that is its longer average waiting time, higher context switches, higher turnaround time .In this paper a new algorithm is presented called Average Max Round Robin (AMRR) scheduling algorithm .In this scheduling algorithm the main idea is to adjust the time Quantum dynamically so that (AMRR) perform better performance than simple Round Robin scheduling algorithm. Keywords-Operating System, Round Robin, Average Max Round Robin, Turnaround time, Waiting time, Context Switch.
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA.

COURSE DESCRIPTION The purpose of this course is for students to develop a working knowledge of the influence of health disparities on health outcomes among vulnerable populations in the United States and the role of health policy. The course will begin with an introduction to the concept of vulnerability and a vulnerability framework for research. Next, we will cover social, individual, and systematic influences on health and vulnerability. Finally, students will learn about interventions and policies aimed at reducing health disparities in vulnerable populations.
Roofline: an insightful visual performance model for multicore architectures

The Roofline model offers insight on how to improve the performance of software and hardware.
Robust Analog/RF Circuit Design With Projection-Based Performance Modeling

In this paper, a robust analog design (ROAD) tool for post-tuning (i.e., locally optimizing) analog/RF circuits is proposed. Starting from an initial design derived from hand analysis or analog circuit optimization based on simplified models, ROAD extracts accurate performance models via transistor-level simulation and iteratively improves the circuit performance by a sequence of geometric programming steps. Importantly, ROAD sets up all design constraints to include large-scale process and environmental variations, thereby facilitating the tradeoff between yield and performance. A crucial component of ROAD is a novel projection-based scheme for quadratic (both polynomial and posynomial) performance modeling, which allows our approach to scale well to large problem sizes. A key feature of this projection-based scheme is a new implicit power iteration algorithm to find the optimal projection space and extract the unknown model coefficients with robust convergence. The efficacy of ROAD is demonstrated on several circuit examples
Improving patient care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children by organizational redesign (Tornado program) and enhanced collaboration between psychiatry and general practice: a controlled before and after study

BACKGROUND
Implementation of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is a challenge in practice due to insufficient availability of mental health specialists and lack of effective cooperation with primary care physicians. The Tornado program aims to reduce time between referral and start of treatment in eligible patients. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this program.


METHODS/DESIGN
This is a non-randomized controlled before-after study involving 90 outpatients (6-18 years old) suspected of uncomplicated ADHD, which were recruited by ten mental health teams. The Tornado program, provided by three teams, combines accelerated-track diagnosis and treatment planning. This is followed by psychoeducation at a mental health center and pharmacological treatment by primary care physicians, who received an online e-learning module for this purpose. The control group consists of patients of seven other teams, who receive care as usual. Primary outcome is the patients' time between referral to the mental health or pediatric center and start of treatment. Secondary outcomes include severity of ADHD symptoms; functional status; health-related quality of life; treatment adherence; indicators of diagnostic procedures and treatments; patient, parent, and professional experiences and satisfaction with care; and an economic evaluation. The study is powered to detect a difference of 36 days.


DISCUSSION
This study will provide insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of the Tornado program, an accelerated-track program in mental healthcare.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Netherlands Trial Register NTR2505.


TRIAL STATUS
Active data collection.
Impact of interventricular lead distance and the decrease in septal-to-lateral delay on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

AIMS
To investigate the influence of interlead distance and lead positioning on success of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with advanced chronic heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony. Despite application of established selection criteria, 20-40% of the patients do not respond to CRT.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined consecutive patients in whom CRT was implanted. Response to CRT was defined as a decrease in the left ventricular end-systolic volume >or=10% after 6 months. A comparison was made between patients who were responders to CRT and those who were non-responders. A univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed with regard to predictors for response. Between January 2004 and January 2008, 174 patients who were treated with CRT were classified as responders [n = 95 (55%)] or non-responders [n = 79 (45%)]. Responders had a significantly larger horizontal interlead distance on the lateral thoracic X-ray [odds ratio (OR) 2.8 (1.2-6.6), P = 0.01], a septal-to-lateral delay >60 ms [OR 4.9 (2.0-11.4), P < 0.0001], non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy [OR 3.0 (1.3-6.9), P = 0.009], a left ventricular end-diastolic diameter <67 mm [OR 4.2 (1.8-9.9), P = 0.001], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use [OR 8.1 (1.7-38.2), P = 0.008], and no tricuspid valve insufficiency [OR 6.9 (1.3-35.5), P = 0.02]. Post-implantation responders had a significantly greater decrease in the intraventricular delay (septal-to-lateral delay 62 +/- 62 vs. 26 +/- 65 ms, P = 0.001), but not in the interventricular mechanical delay.


CONCLUSION
Larger interlead distance on the lateral thoracic X-ray, associated with positioning of the left ventricular lead in the posterior position, is associated with response after 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, diminishing the septal-to-lateral delay is predictive for response.