LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Achieving total immersion: technology trends behind augmented reality-a survey

Virtual Environments allow users to interact with virtual worlds, but usually these interactions are in front of a monitor or a projected wall. Augmented Reality brings the feeling of reality to these interactions. The user can combine the virtual world with the virtual world. Interact and feel the objects, together with artefacts that are generated by a computer. This article provides an overview and introduction to the problems of Augmented Reality systems and shows the state of the art in current technological developments. The usability bottlenecks of existing systems and probable solutions are also discussed. Key–Words: Augmented Reality, Usability, Head-mounted displays, Trackers, Immersion
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (HcNHX1) from Halostachys caspica

According to sequences of several vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter genes from Xinjiang halophytic plants, a new vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (HcNHX1) from the halophyte Halostachys caspica was obtained by RACE and RT-PCR using primers corresponding to conserved regions of the coding sequences. The obtained HcNHX1 cDNA was 1,983 bp and contained a 1,656 bp open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 551 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity with other NHX1 we have cloned previously from halophyte in Xinjiang desert area. The phylogenetic analysis showed that HcNHX1 formed a clade with NHX homologs of Chenopodiaceae. Expression profiles under salt treatment and ABA induction were investigated, and the results revealed that expression of HcNHX1 was induced by NaCl and ABA. To compare the degree of salt tolerance, we over-expressed HcNHX1 in Arabidopsis. Two transgenic lines grew more vigorously than the wild type (WT) under salt stress. The analysis of ion contents indicated that under salt stress, the transgenic plants compartmentalized more Na+ in the leaves compared with wild-type plants. Together, these results suggest that the products of the novel gene HcNHX1 from halophyte Halostachys caspica is a functional tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter.
Framework for Rumors Detection in Social Media

The development of social networks has led the public in general to find easy accessibility for communication with respect to rapid communication to each other at any time. Such services provide the quick transmission of information which is its positive side but its negative side needs to be kept in mind thereby misinformation can spread. Nowadays, in this era of digitalization, the validation of such information has become a real challenge, due to lack of information authentication method. In this paper, we design a framework for the rumors detection from the Facebook events data, which is based on inquiry comments. The proposed Inquiry Comments Detection Model (ICDM) identifies inquiry comments utilizing a rule-based approach which entails regular expressions to categorize the sentences as an inquiry into those starting with an intransitive verb (like is, am, was, will, would and so on) and also those sentences ending with a question mark. We set the threshold value to compare with the ratio of Inquiry to English comments and identify the rumors. We verified the proposed ICDM on labeled data, collected from snopes.com. Our experiments revealed that the proposed method achieved considerably well in comparison to the existing machine learning techniques. The proposed ICDM approach attained better results of 89% precision, 77% recall, and 82% F-measure. We are of the opinion that our experimental findings of this study will be useful for the worldwide adoption. Keywords—Social networks; rumors; inquiry comments; question identification
A phase 3 trial of extended release oral dalfampridine in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE
A previous phase 3 study showed significant improvement in walking ability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with oral, extended-release dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) 10mg twice daily. The current study was designed to confirm efficacy and further define safety and pharmacodynamics.


METHODS
This was a 39-center, double-blind trial in patients with definite MS of any course type. Participants were randomized to 9 weeks of treatment with dalfampridine (10mg twice daily; n = 120) or placebo (n = 119). Response was defined as consistent improvement on the Timed 25-Foot Walk, with percentage of timed walk responders (TWRs) in each treatment group as the primary outcome. The last on-treatment visit provided data from 8 to 12 hours postdose, to examine maintenance of effect.


RESULTS
One patient from each group was excluded from the modified Intention to Treat population. The proportion of TWRs was higher in the dalfampridine group (51/119 or 42.9%) compared to the placebo group (11/118 or 9.3%, p < 0.0001). The average improvement in walking speed among dalfampridine-treated TWRs during the 8-week efficacy evaluation period was 24.7% from baseline (95% confidence interval, 21.0-28.4%); the mean improvement at the last on-treatment visit was 25.7%, showing maintenance of effect over the interdosing period. There were no new safety findings.


INTERPRETATION
This interventional study provides class 1 evidence that dalfampridine extended-release tablets produce clinically meaningful improvement in walking ability in a subset of people with MS, with the effect maintained between doses.
Recognition of depression and anxiety and their association with quality of life, hospitalization and mortality in primary care patients with heart failure – study protocol of a longitudinal observation study

BACKGROUND
International disease management guidelines recommend the regular assessment of depression and anxiety in heart failure patients. Currently there is little data on the effect of screening for depression and anxiety on the quality of life and the prognosis of heart failure (HF). We will investigate the association between the recognition of current depression/anxiety by the general practitioner (GP) and the quality of life and the patients' prognosis.


METHODS/DESIGN
In this multicenter, prospective, observational study 3,950 patients with HF are recruited by general practices in Germany. The patients fill out questionnaires at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At baseline the GPs are interviewed regarding the somatic and psychological comorbidities of their patients. During the follow-up assessment, data on hospitalization and mortality are provided by the general practice. Based on baseline data, the patients are allocated into three observation groups: HF patients with depression and/or anxiety recognized by their GP (P+/+), those with depression and/or anxiety not recognized (P+/-) and patients without depression and/or anxiety (P-/-). We will perform multivariate regression models to investigate the influence of the recognition of depression and/or anxiety on quality of life at 12 month follow-up, as well as its influences on the prognosis (hospital admission, mortality).


DISCUSSION
We will display the frequency of GP-acknowledged depression and anxiety and the frequency of installed therapeutic strategies. We will also describe the frequency of depression and anxiety missed by the GP and the resulting treatment gap. Effects of correctly acknowledged and missed depression/anxiety on outcome, also in comparison to the outcome of subjects without depression/anxiety will be addressed. In case results suggest a treatment gap of depression/anxiety in patients with HF, the results of this study will provide methodological advice for the efficient planning of further interventional research.
Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in Malaysia

The increasing energy demands along with the expected depletion of fossil fuels have promoted to search for alternative fuels that can be obtained from renewable energy resources. Biodiesel as a renewable energy resource has drawn the attention of many researchers and scientists because its immense potential to be part of a sustainable energy mix in near future. This report attempts to compile the findings on current global and Malaysian energy scenario, potential of biodiesel as a renewable energy source, biodiesel policies and standards, practicability of Jatropha curcas as a biodiesel source in Malaysia as well as impact of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas. Final part of this report also describes the development of biodiesel market in Malaysia. The paper found that Jatropha curcas is one of the cheapest biodiesel feedstock and it possesses the amicable fuel properties with higher oil contents compared to others. Being non edible oil seed feedstocks it will not affect food price and spur the food versus fuel dispute. Jatropha can be substituted significantly for oil imports. Jatropha biodiesel has potential to reduce GHG emission than diesel fuel and it can be used in diesel engine with similar performance of diesel fuel. Jatropha curcas has an immense contribution to develop rural livelihoods too. Finally biodiesel production from Jatropha is eco-friendly and offers many social and economical benefits for Malaysia and can play an increasingly significant role to fulfill the energy demand in Malaysia. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental and simulation analysis of electrical breakdown for 220kV silicone rubber pre-moulded cable joints

In recent years, an increasing number of high voltage cable joints have been installed in large cities, such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, in the area of China Southern Power Grid. Several failures of 110kV and 220kV silicone rubber pre-molded cable joints happened, which resulted in great power loss and big risk to the power system safe operation. In order to understand the mechanism of electrical tree initiation and propagation which is believed as the main cause of insulation breakdown, several 220kV cable joints from recent failures were investigated. The samples include ones from the service, non-service, and failed joints in operation. Samples from operation and failed joints were comprehensively investigated by the techniques of morphological observation, electrical and mechanical testing, The transient voltage was computed using EMTPE in order to justify the role of system operation in these faults development. Based on detailed analysis and the calculation of cable joint's mechanical force, it is shown that too much expanding force of the stress cone is probably a major cause of electrical treeing. Possible physical damage occurs at the molecular size level in the cable joint installation with expending process. Final breakdown of the cable joints would occur with a stress of electrical and mechanical coupling.
Gene therapy for myocardial angiogenesis: initial clinical results with direct myocardial injection of phVEGF165 as sole therapy for myocardial ischemia.

BACKGROUND
We initiated a phase 1 clinical study to determine the safety and bioactivity of direct myocardial gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as sole therapy for patients with symptomatic myocardial ischemia.


METHODS AND RESULTS
VEGF gene transfer (GTx) was performed in 5 patients (all male, ages 53 to 71) who had failed conventional therapy; these men had angina (determined by angiographically documented coronary artery disease). Naked plasmid DNA encoding VEGF (phVEGF165) was injected directly into the ischemic myocardium via a mini left anterior thoracotomy. Injections caused no changes in heart rate (pre-GTx=75+/-15/min versus post-GTx=80+/-16/min, P=NS), systolic BP (114+/-7 versus 118+/-7 mm Hg, P=NS), or diastolic BP (57+/-2 versus 59+/-2 mm Hg, P=NS). Ventricular arrhythmias were limited to single unifocal premature beats at the moment of injection. Serial ECGs showed no evidence of new myocardial infarction in any patient. Intraoperative blood loss was 0 to 50 cm3, and total chest tube drainage was 110 to 395 cm3. Postoperative cardiac output fell transiently but increased within 24 hours (preanesthesia=4.8+/-0.4 versus postanesthesia=4.1+/-0.3 versus 24 hours postoperative=6. 3+/-0.8, P=0.02). Time to extubation after closure was 18.4+/-1.4 minutes; average postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 days. All patients had significant reduction in angina (nitroglycerin [NTG] use=53.9+/-10.0/wk pre-GTx versus 9.8+/-6.9/wk post-GTx, P<0.03). Postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was either unchanged (n=3) or improved (n=2, mean increase in LVEF=5%). Objective evidence of reduced ischemia was documented using dobutamine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-sestamibi imaging in all patients. Coronary angiography showed improved Rentrop score in 5 of 5 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
This initial experience with naked gene transfer as sole therapy for myocardial ischemia suggests that direct myocardial injection of naked plasmid DNA, via a minimally invasive chest wall incision, is safe and may lead to reduced symptoms and improved myocardial perfusion in selected patients with chronic myocardial ischemia.
Effects of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids on responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the OMEGA-PCI (OMEGA-3 fatty acids after pci to modify responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy) study.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are able to modify platelet responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


BACKGROUND
Although previous studies have suggested antiplatelet properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is unknown whether they can enhance platelet inhibition on standard aspirin and clopidogrel treatment.


METHODS
The OMEGA-PCI (OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids After PCI to Modify Responsiveness to Dual Antiplatelet Therapy) study was an investigator-initiated, prospective, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Patients receiving standard dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 75 mg/day and clopidogrel 600 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg/day) were randomly assigned to receive the addition of 1 g of omega-3 ethyl esters (n = 33) or placebo (n = 30) for 1 month. Platelet function was measured serially by light transmission aggregometry (adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid [AA] were used as agonists) and assessment of the phosphorylation status of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at baseline, 12 h, 3 to 5 days, and 30 days after randomization.


RESULTS
The P2Y(12) reactivity index was significantly lower, by 22.2%, after 1 month of treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with placebo when used in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.020). Maximal platelet aggregation induced by 5 and 20 micromol/l adenosine diphosphate was lower by 13.3% (p = 0.026) and 9.8% (p = 0.029), respectively, after 1 month of treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with placebo. Platelet aggregation after AA stimulation was low and did not change significantly throughout the study. There were no cases of aspirin resistance during follow-up that was suggestive of good compliance with the medication.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of omega-3 ethyl esters to the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel significantly potentiates platelet response to clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Contingency management to reduce methamphetamine use and sexual risk among men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Methamphetamine use is associated with HIV acquisition and transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Contingency management (CM), providing positive reinforcement for drug abstinence and withholding reinforcement when abstinence is not demonstrated, may facilitate reduced methamphetamine use and sexual risk. We compared CM as a stand-alone intervention to a minimal intervention control to assess the feasibility of conducting a larger, more definitive trial of CM; to define the frequency of behavioral outcomes to power such a trial; and, to compute preliminary estimates of CM's effectiveness.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 127 MSM from Seattle, WA who use methamphetamine to receive a 12-week CM intervention (n = 70) or referral to community resources (n = 57).


RESULTS
Retention at 24 weeks was 84%. Comparing consecutive study visits, non-concordant UAI declined significantly in both study arms. During the intervention, CM and control participants were comparably likely to provide urine samples containing methamphetamine (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.09; 95%CI: 0.71, 1.56) and to report non-concordant UAI (aRR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.47, 1.35). However, during post-intervention follow-up, CM participants were somewhat more likely to provide urine samples containing methamphetamine than control participants (aRR = 1.21; 95%CI: 0.95, 1.54, P = 0.11). Compared to control participants, CM participants were significantly more likely to report weekly or more frequent methamphetamine use and use of more than eight quarters of methamphetamine during the intervention and post-intervention periods.


CONCLUSIONS
While it is possible to enroll and retain MSM who use methamphetamine in a trial of CM conducted outside drug treatment, our data suggest that CM is not likely to have a large, sustained effect on methamphetamine use.
Archiving Digital Documents: Issues in Dematerialization (Extended Abstract)

In the last years, public administrations and private companies have been involved in the process of document dematerialization, consisting in converting paper documents into digital ones, storing them on optical supports and developing databases to enable an effective classification of such a huge amount of information. In this respect, Italian law establishes the use of digital signature to guarantee both the provenance and the integrity of such digital documents. In the recent literature, a new vulnerability of enveloping digital signature, based on a novel mechanism allowing ambiguous presentation of electronic documents, has been addressed. In this paper, we extend such an attack to those document formats that are typically involved in dematerialization, i.e., pdf and tiff. Such an issue poses serious threats over dematerialized documents like legal acts and e-invoices, since this way the attacker is allowed to produce a fake document that appears in a reliable format both whenever it is signed and whenever it is fraudulently exploited.
Time Hopping technique for faster reinforcement learning in simulations

A technique called Time Hopping is proposed for speeding up reinforcement learning algorithms. It is applicable to continuous optimization problems running in computer simulations. Making shortcuts in time by hopping between distant states combined with off-policy reinforcement learning allows the technique to maintain higher learning rate. Experiments on a simulated biped crawling robot confirm that Time Hopping can accelerate the learning process more than seven times.
Factors related to treatment and outcomes of avulsed teeth.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with avulsion injury and to specify the association between these factors and the treatment, as well as the outcomes of avulsed permanent incisors in children.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 51 children with 62 avulsed permanent incisors, whose injuries had been managed in the period 1998-2006. The study was prospective, recording the history of the accident, concomitant injuries, age, gender, apical maturity of the root, replantation rate, storage media, extra-alveolar duration, endodontic treatment, compliance and recall appointments response. Factors were analysed in relation to postoperative outcomes, classified as functional healing (FH), infection-related (inflammatory) resorption (IRR) and replacement resorption (RR).


RESULTS
The average age of patients was 10.7 years (range 7-19). In 16/51 patients, tooth avulsion was caused by a road traffic accident. Avulsion was accompanied by concomitant injuries in all cases. Thirty of 62 avulsed teeth were not replanted and 32 incisors were replanted after dry storage. Time until replantation ranged between 15 min and 9 h (median 60 min). The observation period ranged from 1 to 6 years (median 2 years). FH was observed in 5/32, IRR in 20/32 and RR in 7/32 incisors. Ten teeth were extracted during 5-years of observation. Immature incisors exhibited significantly more complications compared with mature teeth (P = 0.04). Storage media and extra-alveolar duration did not significantly affect the survival of replanted teeth (P = 0.253, P = 0.350). Teeth in which endodontic treatment was in temporary phase exhibited significantly more complications in comparison with teeth with completed endodontic treatment (P = 0.0l6).


CONCLUSION
The combination of delayed replantation and unphysiological storage is followed by low survival. Incisors with open apices exhibited lower survival compared with incisors with closed apices. Replanted incisors that required prolonged treatment with calcium hydroxide exhibited more complications compared with incisors with completed root canal treatment.
Scalable fluorescent lamp driver using magnetic amplifiers

A linear variable inductor is proposed as means to control the operation of a fluorescent discharge lamp in a load resonant circuit. Thus, multiple lamps can be operated with independent control supplied from a single DC/AC voltage inverter that operates with a constant switching frequency in e.g. backlights of LCD-TVs
Stigmergy as a universal coordination mechanism I: Definition and components

The concept of stigmergy has been used to analyze self-organizing activities in an ever-widening range of domains, including social insects, robotics, web communities and human society. Yet, it is still poorly understood and as such its full power remains underappreciated. The present paper clarifies the issue by defining stigmergy as a mechanism of indirect coordination in which the trace left by an action in a medium stimulates subsequent actions. It then analyses the fundamental concepts used in the definition: action, agent, medium, trace and coordination. It clarifies how stigmergy enables complex, coordinated activity without any need for planning, control, communication, simultaneous presence, or even mutual awareness. The resulting self-organization is driven by a combination of positive and negative feedbacks, amplifying beneficial developments while suppressing errors. Thus, stigmergy is applicable to a very broad variety of cases, from chemical reactions to bodily coordination and Internet-supported collaboration in Wikipedia. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Evasion of Ethics: Peter Paris Feels the Spirituals

Abstract: This paper provides not only a systematic account of the theology and ethics of Peter Paris, but also a critical interpretation of his thought. It identifies racism as the major problem that has engaged his academic career and the theological-ethical methodology he has developed to understand and explain it. He is been able to do all this in ways that evade and challenge the American theological enterprise. The primary theme of Paris's work is evading epistemology-centred ethics, exposing racism and injustice, and accenting the transformation of the structures of domination and subordination in the light of an ethical ideal, which is usually the thwarting of evil or actualization of human potentialities. In doing this, he converts ethics into a positive science of social critique and cultural investigation of the social crises of the United States. The importance of this paper goes beyond interpreting Paris's thought, as it will be useful to scholars teaching ethics in general and African-Americ...