LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of discordant tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube results in various high-risk groups.

SETTING
Persons in whom targeted testing for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended in Seattle, Washington; Atlanta, Georgia; and central North Carolina, United States.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the performance of an interferon-gamma release assay (QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube [QFT-GIT]) with the tuberculin skin test (TST) among foreign-born, homeless, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and substance abuse persons tested for LTBI.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional study requiring participants to have a blood test, a TST and data collected.


RESULTS
Of 1653 persons, 19.5% were TST-positive and 14.0% were QFT-GIT-positive. Overall concordance was moderate (kappa 0.53; 95%CI 0.47-0.58). Compared to concordant positive results, TST+/QFT-GIT- discordance was associated with HIV infection and sex, while TST-/QFT-GIT+ discordance was associated with HIV and inversely associated with foreign birth. Compared to concordant negative results, TST-/QFT-GIT+ discordance was associated with foreign birth and age ≥50 years, while TST+/QFT-GIT-discordance was associated with foreign birth, age 30-49 years, being Black and inversely associated with HIV. HIV infection was significantly associated with indeterminate QFT-GIT results.


CONCLUSION
QFT-GIT may be an improvement over the TST for diagnosing LTBI in foreign-born and older persons, and may be as useful as the TST in HIV-infected persons. The sensitivity of both tests may be low in HIV-infected persons.
Multi-Relational Learning at Scale with ADMM

The complex graph structure of the Web – with different relations or edge types – has motivated a large body of research tackling the challenge of mining multi-relational data in the presence of noise, partial inconsistencies, ambiguities, or duplicate entities. State-of-the-art advances in this field are relevant to many applications such as link prediction [1], Resource Description Framework (RDF) mining [2], entity linking [3], recommender systems [4], and natural language processing [5]. However, new paradigms are still needed for statistical and computational inference for very large multi-relational datasets, like the ones produced at massive scale in projects such as the Google’s Knowledge Graph [6], YAGO [7], and in Semantic Web initiatives such as DBpedia [8]. Factorization models are considered state-of-the-art approaches for Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) in which they have exhibited a high predictive performance [9], [10], [11]. Factorization models for multi-relational data associate entities and relations with latent feature vectors and model predictions about unknown relationships through operations on these vectors (e.g., dot products). Optimizing the predictions for a number of relations can be seen as a prediction task with multiple target variables. For example, multi-target models can support information retrieval tasks in Linked Open Data bases like DBPedia by providing estimates of facts, that are neither explicitly stated in the knowledge base nor can be inferred from logical entailment, enabling probabilistic queries on such databases [1], [2]. Another example in the context of social web recommender systems, is that such services are not only interested in recommending, for instance, news items to a user but also recommending other users as potential new friends. State-of-the-art factorization models approach the multitarget prediction task by sharing the parameters used for all target relations. Instances of such approaches are RESCAL [1], Multiple Order Factorization [5] and SME [12], which share entity specific parameters among all relations in the
Popcorn Capsulorrhaphy in Revision Aesthetic Breast Surgery.

Background
Control of the pocket in revisional breast surgery can be technically challenging and unpredictable. A capsulorrhaphy technique has been utilized in altering capsules in secondary aesthetic breast surgery.


Objectives
The authors sought to determine the effectiveness of popcorn capsulorrhaphy in revisional breast surgery.


Methods
A retrospective chart review of revisional breast cases utilizing popcorn capsulorrhaphy was conducted between September 2015 and August 2017. Only aesthetic breast cases were included. Data was collected for 149 patients.


Results
One hundred forty-nine patients representing 266 breasts were operated on. The average patient age was 42 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.2 kg/m 2. The average time from their original surgery to the popcorn capsulorrhaphy secondary procedure was 9.3 years. Indications for capsulorrhaphy included malposition in 163 breasts (61.3%), implant positioning for breast ptosis in 34 breasts (12.8%), pocket adjustment for implant size change in 49 breasts (18.4%) and post-explantation pocket reduction in 20 breasts (7.5%). Of the 266 implants, 145 (54.5%) were smooth, 101 (38%) textured and 20 implants (7.5%) were explanted. The average original implant size was 405 cc and the average size placed at the time of capsulorrhaphy was 422 cc. Two hundred thirty-six (88.7%) were in a submuscular pocket and 30 (11.3%) were subglandular. The total number of complications was 39 (14.7%), with 16 (6%) requiring some type of operative revision.


Conclusions
Popcorn capsulorrhaphy can provide pocket control and stability with low complication and revision rates. The addition of a mesh or biologic at the time of popcorn capsulorrhaphy can further lower the complication and revision rates.
Once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine plus tenofovir for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in antiretroviral-naïve subjects: a 48-week pilot study.

PURPOSE
To assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-drug, 3-tablet, once-daily (qd) regimen consisting of abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (ABC/3TC/ZDV; 2 tablets) and tenofovir (TDF) in antiretroviral-naïve patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA 30,000 copies/mL at 48 weeks.


METHOD
All participants received ABC/3TC/ZDV (300/150/300 mg) and TDF (300 mg) qd in this pilot, open-label, multicenter study. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses were conducted to evaluate virologic and immunologic efficacy.


RESULTS
Of the 123 participants enrolled, 52 (42%) prematurely discontinued study for adverse events (14), were lost to follow-up (13), had virologic nonresponse (12), and withdrew for other reasons (13). At week 48, by ITT missing=failure analysis, 41% (51/123) and 51% (63/123) of participants had plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and <400 copies/mL, respectively; by ITT-observed analysis, 75% (51/68) and 93% (63/68) had plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and <400 copies/mL, respectively; 11% (14/123) met virologic nonresponse criteria. Median week 48 change in CD4+ cell count from baseline was +127 cells/mm3. Median week 48 changes from baseline for fasting lipids were as follows: cholesterol (-9 mg/dL), HDL (+1 mg/dL), LDL (-9 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-4 mg/dL).


CONCLUSION
A high rate of premature discontinuations contributed to the overall suboptimal virologic response to ABC/3TC/ZDV+TDF qd; however, the regimen was not associated with high rates of virologic failure previously observed with TDF+ABC/3TC.
Prevalence of radiological signs of femoroacetabular impingement in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain.

OBJECTIVE
A decreased range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint is known to predispose to athletic groin injury. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip leads to a reduced ROM. This study examined the prevalence of radiological signs of FAI in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain (LSARGP).


DESIGN
Prospective case series.


SETTING
Outpatient Sports Medicine Department.


PATIENTS
34 athletes with LSARGP defined as pain on palpation of the proximal insertion of adductor muscle and a painful, resisted adduction test.


ASSESSMENT
A clinician blinded to the results of the radiological assessment performed a physical examination: iliopsoas length, hip ROM and anterior hip impingement test. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were examined by a second blinded clinician for the presence of: pistol grip deformity, centrum-collum-diaphyseal angle, femoral head neck ratio, coxa profunda, protrusio acetabuli, lateral centre edge angle, acetabular index and cross-over sign.


RESULTS
The prevalence of radiological signs of FAI was 94% (64/68). The mean number of radiological signs in hips with LSARGP was 1.84 (range 0-4, SD 1.05) and 1.96 (range 0-5, SD 1.12) in asymptomatic groins (p=0.95). The anterior hip impingement test was positive in nine cases. There was no relationship with the number of radiological signs (p=0.95). There was no correlation between hip ROM and the number of radiological signs (p=0.37).


CONCLUSION
Radiological signs of FAI are frequently observed in patients presenting with LSARGP. Clinicians should be aware of this fact and the possible lack of correlation when assessing athletes with groin pain.
Managing climate change risks in New York City's water system: assessment and adaptation planning

Managing risk by adapting long-lived infrastructure to the effects of climate change must become a regular part of planning for water supply, sewer, wastewater treatment, and other urban infrastructure during this century. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP), the agency responsible for managing New York City’s (NYC) water supply, sewer, and wastewater treatment systems, has developed a climate risk management framework through its Climate Change Task Force, a government-university collaborative effort. Its purpose is to ensure that NYCDEP’s strategic and capital planning take into account the potential risks of climate change—sealevel rise, higher temperature, increases in extreme events, changes in drought and flood frequency and intensity, and changing precipitation patterns—on NYC’s water systems. This approach will enable NYCDEP and other agencies to incorporate adaptations to the risks of climate change into their management, investment, and policy decisions over the long term as a regular part of their planning activities. The framework includes a 9-step Adaptation Assessment procedure. Potential climate change adaptations are divided into management, infrastructure, and policy categories, and are assessed by their relevance in terms of climate change time-frame (immediate, medium, and long term), the capital cycle, C. Rosenzweig NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, USA D. C. Major (&) C. Stanton R. Horton M. Stults C. Rosenzweig Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, Armstrong Hall, 5th Floor, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA e-mail: dcm29@columbia.edu K. Demong NYC Department of Environmental Protection, Flushing, USA Present Address: C. Stanton Natsource, Inc., New York, USA 123 Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change (2007) 12:1391–1409 DOI 10.1007/s11027-006-9070-5
Multicenter cohort study on the survival time of cancer patients dying at home or in a hospital: Does place matter?

BACKGROUND
Although the place of death has a great influence on the quality of death and dying for cancer patients, whether the survival time differs according to the place of death is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to explore potential differences in the survival time of cancer patients dying at home or in a hospital.


METHODS
This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in Japan from September 2012 through April 2014 and involved 58 specialist palliative care services.


RESULTS
Among the 2426 patients recruited, 2069 patients were analyzed for this study: 1582 receiving hospital-based palliative care and 487 receiving home-based palliative care. A total of 1607 patients actually died in a hospital, and 462 patients died at home. The survival of patients who died at home was significantly longer than the survival of patients who died in a hospital in the days' prognosis group (estimated median survival time, 13 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.3-15.7 days] vs 9 days [95% CI, 8.0-10.0 days]; P = .006) and in the weeks' prognosis group (36 days [95% CI, 29.9-42.1 days] vs 29 days [95% CI, 26.5-31.5 days]; P = .007) as defined by Prognosis in Palliative Care Study predictor model A. No significant difference was identified in the months' prognosis group. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the place of death had a significant influence on the survival time in both unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; P < .01) and adjusted models (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .01).


CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with cancer patients who died in a hospital, cancer patients who died at home had similar or longer survival. Cancer 2016;122:1453-1460. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census.

CONTEXT
Current and future estimates of Alzheimer disease (AD) are essential for public health planning.


OBJECTIVE
To provide prevalence estimates of AD for the US population from 2000 through 2050.


DESIGN
Alzheimer disease incidence estimates from a population-based, biracial, urban study, using a stratified random sampling design, were converted to prevalence estimates and applied to US Census Bureau estimates of US population growth.


SETTING
A geographically defined community of 3 adjacent neighborhoods in Chicago, Ill, applied to the US population.


PARTICIPANTS
Alzheimer disease incidence was measured in 3838 persons free of AD at baseline; 835 persons were evaluated for disease incidence. Main Outcome Measure Current and future estimates of prevalence of clinically diagnosed AD in the US population.


RESULTS
In 2000, there were 4.5 million persons with AD in the US population. By 2050, this number will increase by almost 3-fold, to 13.2 million. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the US population, the number who are 85 years and older will more than quadruple to 8.0 million. The number who are 75 to 84 years old will double to 4.8 million, while the number who are 65 to 74 years old will remain fairly constant at 0.3 to 0.5 million.


CONCLUSION
The number of persons with AD in the US population will continue to increase unless new discoveries facilitate prevention of the disease.
Moral Development and Marketing

Many academic disciplines are approaching the study of ethics from a cognitive orientation by exploring the moral reasoning processes individuals use to make ethical judgments. The authors empirically examine a rich theoretical concept with an extensive research-based literature, cognitive moral development or CMD, as it relates to professional marketing. Controlling for similar educational background, they find that (1) professional marketing practitioners compare favorably with other social groups, (2) marketers scoring high on CMD tend to be female and highly educated, and (3) marketers with advanced moral reasoning properties tend to have socially responsible attitudes and behaviors. Implications for marketing theory, education, and practice are discussed.
Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing : Review

Task scheduling plays a key role in cloud computing systems. Scheduling of tasks cannot be done on the basis of single criteria but under a lot of rules and regulations that we can term as an agreement between users and providers of cloud. This agreement is nothing but the quality of service that the user wants from the providers. Providing good quality of services to the users according to the agreement is a decisive task for the providers as at the same time there are a large number of tasks running at the provider’s side. The task scheduling problem can be viewed as the finding or searching an optimal mapping/assignment of set of subtasks of different tasks over the available set of resources (processors/computer machines) so that we can achieve the desired goals for tasks. In this paper we are performing comparative study of the different algorithms for their suitability, feasibility, adaptability in the context of cloud scenario, after that we try to propose the hybrid approach that can be adopted to enhance the existing platform further. So that it can facilitate cloud-providers to provide better quality of services. Keywords— Cloud Computing, Cloud Architecture, Task Scheduling, Scheduling Types, GA, PSO
Testing versus guessing blood glucose values: impact on self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
To assess differences between estimated blood glucose values and those measured on a blood glucose meter and the impact on self-care behavior in type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes (N = 297) attending a Taking Control of Your Diabetes conference were asked questions about diabetes management and to estimate their current blood glucose. Study staff tested subjects' blood glucose on a meter. After seeing the result, subjects were again asked questions on diabetes management.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01453413.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The percentage of subject blood glucose estimations that were outside ISO 15197:2003 accuracy criteria (>±15 mg/dL or >±20% of meter glucose values).


RESULTS
Nearly half (46%) of subjects estimated blood glucose values outside ISO 15197:2003 accuracy criteria. Time since last blood glucose test, time since last meal, testing frequency, and A1C did not have an effect on differences between estimated blood glucose values and meter results. In the questionnaire before blood glucose testing, most subjects strongly agreed, agreed, or neither agreed nor disagreed that 'I make decisions about my diabetes, such as my food intake or my insulin dose even when I do not test my blood sugar' (71%) and 'My body tells me without testing if my blood sugar is low or high' (77%). After blood glucose testing, 99% of subjects strongly agreed, agreed, or neither agreed nor disagreed that 'Knowing my blood sugar by checking could help me make different diabetes decisions'.


CONCLUSIONS
Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an important component of diabetes self-management. Testing rather than guessing blood glucose values is important to obtain accurate results and inform people with type 2 diabetes to make effective, appropriate diabetes management decisions. A potential limitation of this study is that the subject population may not be representative of the general population of people with diabetes; however, the conference setting may attract a more motivated population, which could underestimate the magnitude of the results.
Benchmarking Optimization Software with Performance Profiles

We propose performance profiles — distribution functions for a performance metric — as a tool for benchmarking and comparing optimization software. We show that performance profiles combine the best features of other tools for performance evaluation.
A stochastic geometry approach to wideband ad hoc networks with channel variations

We present a methodology for determining the outage probability of wideband ad hoc networks with random wireless channels. Assuming that the nodes are Poisson distributed and subject to a required SINR constraint, we develop a simple framework that gives upper and lower bounds on the outage probability. These bounds are important in that they can be manipulated to obtain bounds on the transmission capacity, i.e., the maximum permissible spatial density of transmissions ensuring an acceptably low outage probability. In this paper, we derive the outage probability of wireless ad hoc networks under path loss and shadowing, which are the dominant large-scale effects in wideband ad hoc networks. The analytical framework is rooted in stochastic geometry, employing marked point processes, void probabilities, Palm measure, and Campbell’s Theorem.
Sonochemical preparation of amorphous nickel

Abstract A method for the preparation of amorphous Ni powder with particle size of about 10 nm is reported. The sonolysis was performed on neat Ni(CO) 4 and on its solution in decane. The nickel nanoparticles were subjected to scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and SQUID magnetization measurements. These measurements confirm the amorphous state of the particles.
Real-time video analysis on an embedded smart camera for traffic surveillance

A smart camera combines video sensing, high-level video processing and communication within a single embedded device. Such cameras are key components in novel surveillance systems. This paper reports on a prototyping development of a smart camera for traffic surveillance. We present its scalable architecture comprised of a CMOS sensor, digital signal processors (DSP), and a network processor. We further discuss the mapping of high-level video processing algorithms to embedded DSP-based platforms and identify typical pitfalls for the porting of software from desktops to embedded platforms. Our mapping strategies are demonstrated on an algorithm for automatic detection of stationary vehicles. This algorithm is migrated from a Matlab-based prototyping implementation to an embedded DSP implementation in our smart camera. Our implemented smart camera prototype streams the video data over an IP-network to a central monitoring station and is able to detect stationary vehicles and blocking cargo on highways within the required real-time constraints of six seconds.
Efavirenz pharmacokinetics during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum.

BACKGROUND
The impact of pregnancy on efavirenz (EFV) pharmacokinetics is unknown.


METHODS
International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1026s is an on-going, prospective, nonblinded study of antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant women that included a cohort receiving 600 mg EFV once daily as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. Intensive steady-state 24-hour blood sampling was performed during the third trimester and at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were drawn at delivery. Pharmacokinetics targets were the estimated 10th percentile EFV area under the curve (AUC) in nonpregnant historical controls (40.0 mcg·hr(-1)·mL(-1)) and a trough concentration of 1 mcg/mL.


RESULTS
Twenty-five women were enrolled during the third trimester: median (range) age was 29.3 (18.9-42.9) years, weight 69.0 (40-130) kg, and gestational age 32.9 (30.1-38.7) weeks. Median (range) EFV AUC(0-24), C(max), and C(24 hours) were 55.4 mcg·hr(-1)·mL(-1) (13.5-220.3), 5.4 mcg/mL (1.9-12.2), and 1.6 mcg/mL (0.23-8.13), respectively. EFV AUC and C(max) did not differ during pregnancy and postpartum but C(24 hours) was lower during the third trimester (1.6 vs. 2.1 mcg/mL, P = 0.01). During the third trimester, 5 of 25 (20%) women had an EFV AUC below the target and 3 of 25 (12%) had a trough concentration below 1 mcg/mL. EFV cord blood/maternal concentration ratio was 0.49 (0.37-0.74). All women had a HIV-1 RNA viral load less than 400 copies per milliliter at delivery and 19 (76%) had a viral load below 50 copies per milliliter. One child was perinatally HIV infected. Three women were exposed to EFV throughout the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. EFV was well tolerated, and among the 25 infants, no congenital anomalies or newborn complications were reported.


CONCLUSIONS
Changes in EFV pharmacokinetics during pregnancy compared with postpartum are not sufficiently large enough to warrant a dose adjustment during pregnancy.