LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Insulin secretory defect in familial partial lipodystrophy Type 2 and successful long-term treatment with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.

BACKGROUND
Familial partial lipodystrophies are rare monogenic disorders that are often associated with diabetes. In such cases, it can be difficult to achieve glycaemic control.


CASE REPORT
We report a 34-year old woman with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (Dunnigan) and diabetes; her hyperglycaemia persisted despite metformin treatment. A combined intravenous glucose tolerance-euglycaemic clamp test showed severe insulin resistance, as expected, but also showed strongly diminished first-phase insulin secretion. After the latter finding, we added the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide to the patient's treatment regimen, which rapidly normalized plasma glucose levels. HbA1c values <42 mmol/mol (6.0%) have now been maintained for over 4 years.


CONCLUSION
This case suggests that a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist may be a useful component of glucose-lowering therapy in individuals with familial partial lipodystrophy and diabetes mellitus.
Impacts of Organizational Capabilities In Information Security

Purpose – This research aims to examine the relationship between information security strategy and organization performance, with organizational capabilities as important factors influencing successful implementation of information security strategy and organization performance. Design/methodology/approach – Based on existing literature in strategic management and information security, a theoretical model was proposed and validated. A self-administered survey instrument was developed to collect empirical data. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses and to fit the theoretical model. Findings – Evidence suggests that organizational capabilities, encompassing the ability to develop high-quality situational awareness of the current and future threat environment, the ability to possess appropriate means, and the ability to orchestrate the means to respond to information security threats, are positively associated with effective implementation of information security strategy, which in turn positively affects organization performance. However, there is no significant relationship between decision making and information security strategy implementation success. Research limitations/implications – The study provides a starting point for further research on the role of decision-making in information security. Practical implications – Findings are expected to yield practical value for business leaders in understanding the viable predisposition of organizational capabilities in the context of information security, thus enabling firms to focus on acquiring the ones indispensable for improving organization performance. Originality/value – This study provides the body of knowledge with an empirical analysis of organization’s information security capabilities as an aggregation of sense making, decision-making, asset availability, and operations management constructs.
B-cell exhaustion in HIV infection: the role of immune activation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To discuss a component of the pathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection in the context of phenotypic and functional alterations in B cells that are due to persistent viral replication leading to aberrant immune activation and cellular exhaustion. We explore how B-cell exhaustion arises during persistent viremia and how it compares with T-cell exhaustion and similar B-cell alterations in other diseases.


RECENT FINDINGS
HIV-associated B-cell exhaustion was first described in 2008, soon after the demonstration of persistent virus-induced T-cell exhaustion, as well as the identification of a subset B cells in tonsil tissues with immunoregulatory features similar to those observed in T-cell exhaustion. Our understanding of B-cell exhaustion has since expanded in two important areas: the role of inhibitory receptors in the unresponsiveness of exhausted B cells and the increasing evidence that similar B cells are found in other diseases that are associated with aberrant immune activation and inflammation.


SUMMARY
The phenomenon of B-cell exhaustion is now well established in HIV infection and other diseases characterized by immune activation. Over the coming years, it will be important to understand how cellular exhaustion affects the capacity of the immune system to respond to persisting primary pathogens, as well as to other microbial antigens, whether encountered as secondary infections or following immunization.
Uncertainty in Managers ’ Reporting Objectives and Investors ’ Response to Earnings Reports : Evidence from the 2006 Executive Compensation Disclosures

We examine whether the information content of the earnings report, as captured by the earnings response coefficient (ERC), increases when investors’ uncertainty about the manager’s reporting objectives decreases, as predicted in Fischer and Verrecchia (2000). We use the 2006 mandatory compensation disclosures as an instrument to capture a decrease in investors’ uncertainty about managers’ incentives and reporting objectives. Employing a difference-in-differences design and exploiting the staggered adoption of the new rules, we find a statistically and economically significant increase in ERC for treated firms relative to control firms, largely driven by profit firms. Cross-sectional tests suggest that the effect is more pronounced in subsets of firms most affected by the new rules. Our findings represent the first empirical evidence of a role of compensation disclosures in enhancing the information content of financial reports. JEL Classification: G38, G30, G34, M41
Impact of Individual and Environmental Socioeconomic Status on Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to explore the impacts of individual and environmental socioeconomic status (SES) on the outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in regions with significant SES disparity, through a retrospective multicenter cohort in China.


METHODS
Overall, 2,171 incident patients from seven PD centers were included. Individual SES was evaluated from yearly household income per person and education level. Environmental SES was represented by regional gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and medical resources. Undeveloped regions were defined as those with regional GDP lower than the median. All-cause and cardiovascular death and initial peritonitis were recorded as outcome events.


RESULTS
Poorer PD patients or those who lived in undeveloped areas were younger and less-educated and bore a heavier burden of medical expenses. They had lower hemoglobin and serum albumin at baseline. Low income independently predicted the highest risks for all-cause or cardiovascular death and initial peritonitis compared with medium and high income. The interaction effect between individual education and regional GDP was determined. In undeveloped regions, patients with an elementary school education or lower were at significantly higher risk for all-cause death but not cardiovascular death or initial peritonitis compared with those who attended high school or had a higher diploma. Regional GDP was not associated with any outcome events.


CONCLUSION
Low personal income independently influenced all-cause and cardiovascular death, and initial peritonitis in PD patients. Education level predicted all-cause death only for patients in undeveloped regions. For PD patients in these high risk situations, integrated care before dialysis and well-constructed PD training programs might be helpful.
A stepwise approach to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and basal insulin treatment failure.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether 1 or 2 preprandial injections before the meals of greatest glycemic impact can be as effective as 3 preprandial injections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and basal insulin treatment failure.


METHODS
This was an open-label, parallel-group, 1:1:1 randomized study of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus on oral antidiabetic drugs with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels of 8.0% or greater. After a 14-week run-in with insulin glargine, patients with an A1C level greater than 7.0% were randomly assigned to 1, 2, or 3 time(s) daily insulin glulisine for 24 weeks. Changes in A1C from randomization to study end; percentage of patients achieving an A1C level less than 7.0%; changes in A1C, fasting glucose concentrations, and weight at individual study points; and safety (adverse events and hypoglycemia) were assessed throughout the study.


RESULTS
Three hundred forty-three of 631 patients (54%) completing the run-in phase with insulin glargine were randomly assigned to treatment arms. During the randomization phase, A1C reductions with insulin glulisine once or twice daily were noninferior to insulin glulisine 3 times daily (confidence intervals: -0.39 to 0.36 and -0.30 to 0.43; P>.5 for both). However, more patients met the target A1C with 3 preprandial injections (46 [46%]) than with 2 injections (34 [33%]) or 1 injection (30 [30%]). Severe hypoglycemia occurred in twice as many patients receiving 3 preprandial injections (16%) compared with those receiving 2 injections (8%) and 1 injection (7%), but these differences did not reach significance.


CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that initiation of prandial insulin in a simplified stepwise approach is an effective alternative to the current routine 3 preprandial injection basal-bolus approach.
Time-Aware Authorship Attribution for Short Text Streams

Identifying authors of short texts on Internet or social media based communication systems is an important tool against fraud and cybercrimes. Besides the challenges raised by the limited length of these short messages, evolving language and writing styles of authors of these texts makes authorship attribution difficult. Most current short text authorship attribution approaches only address the challenge of limited text length. However, neglecting the second challenge may lead to poor performance of authorship attribution for authors who change their writing styles.
 In this paper, we analyse the temporal changes of word usage by authors of tweets and emails and based on this analysis we propose an approach to estimate the dynamicity of authors' word usage. The proposed approach is inspired by time-aware language models and can be employed in any time-unaware authorship attribution method. Our experiments on Tweets and the Enron email dataset show that the proposed time-aware authorship attribution approach significantly outperforms baselines that neglect the dynamicity of authors.
SiGe Analog AGC Circuit for an 802.11a WLAN Direct Conversion Receiver

This brief presents a baseband automatic gain control (AGC) circuit for an IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) direct conversion receiver. The whole receiver is to be fully integrated in a low-cost 0.25- mum 75-GHz SiGe bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (BiCMOS) process; thus, the AGC has been implemented in this technology by employing newly designed cells, such as a linear variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a fast-settling peak detector. Due to the stringent settling-time constraints of this system, a feedforward gain control architecture is proposed to achieve fast convergence. The proposed AGC is composed of two coarse-gain stages and a fine-gain stage, with a feedforward control loop for each stage. It converges with a gain error of below plusmn1 dB in less than 3.2 mus, whereas the power and area consumption are 13.75 mW and 0.225 mm2 , respectively.
Machines that Go 'Ping': Medical Technology and Health Expenditures in OECD Countries.

Technology is believed to be a major determinant of increasing health spending. The main difficulty to quantify its effect is to find suitable proxies to measure medical technological innovation. This paper's main contribution is the use of data on approved medical devices and drugs to proxy for medical technology. The effects of these variables on total real per capita health spending are estimated using a panel model for 18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries covering the period 1981-2012. The results confirm the substantial cost-increasing effect of medical technology, which accounts for almost 50% of the explained historical growth of spending. Despite the overall net positive effect of technology, the effect of two subgroups of approvals on expenditure is significantly negative. These subgroups can be thought of as representing 'incremental medical innovation', whereas the positive effects are related to radically innovative pharmaceutical products and devices. A separate time series model was estimated for the USA because the FDA approval data in fact only apply to the USA, while they serve as proxies for the other OECD countries. Our empirical model includes an indicator of obesity, and estimations confirm the substantial contribution of this lifestyle variable to health spending growth in the countries studied.
Constraints on protein evolution and the age of the eubacteria/eukaryote split.


 This article discusses research done by Doolittle et al. to determine the evolutionary distance between eubacteria and eukaryotes. Several equations for estimating evolutionary distances and divergence times are considered. Molecular clock calculations and their effects on these estimates are discussed. The authors conclude that their research supports the range of dates for the cenancestor of modern eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes estimated by Doolittle et al.
Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; also known as ERBB2), was investigated in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.


METHODS
ToGA (Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer) was an open-label, international, phase 3, randomised controlled trial undertaken in 122 centres in 24 countries. Patients with gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer were eligible for inclusion if their tumours showed overexpression of HER2 protein by immunohistochemistry or gene amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a chemotherapy regimen consisting of capecitabine plus cisplatin or fluorouracil plus cisplatin given every 3 weeks for six cycles or chemotherapy in combination with intravenous trastuzumab. Allocation was by block randomisation stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, chemotherapy regimen, extent of disease, primary cancer site, and measurability of disease, implemented with a central interactive voice recognition system. The primary endpoint was overall survival in all randomised patients who received study medication at least once. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01041404.


FINDINGS
594 patients were randomly assigned to study treatment (trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, n=298; chemotherapy alone, n=296), of whom 584 were included in the primary analysis (n=294; n=290). Median follow-up was 18.6 months (IQR 11-25) in the trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group and 17.1 months (9-25) in the chemotherapy alone group. Median overall survival was 13.8 months (95% CI 12-16) in those assigned to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy compared with 11.1 months (10-13) in those assigned to chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.60-0.91; p=0.0046). The most common adverse events in both groups were nausea (trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, 197 [67%] vs chemotherapy alone, 184 [63%]), vomiting (147 [50%] vs 134 [46%]), and neutropenia (157 [53%] vs 165 [57%]). Rates of overall grade 3 or 4 adverse events (201 [68%] vs 198 [68%]) and cardiac adverse events (17 [6%] vs 18 [6%]) did not differ between groups.


INTERPRETATION
Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy can be considered as a new standard option for patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.


FUNDING
F Hoffmann-La Roche.
Familles de caractères de groupes de réflexions complexes

Nous étudions certains types de blocs d’algèbres de Hecke associées aux groupes de réflexions complexes qui généralisent les familles de caractères définies par Lusztig pour les groupes de Weyl. Nous déterminons ces blocs pour les groupes de réflexions spetsiaux et nous établissons un théorème de compatibilité entre familles et d-séries de Harish-Chandra.
Multi‐Center, Community‐Based Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Registry: Population, Device Utilization, and Outcomes

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to describe key elements, clinical outcomes, and potential uses of the Kaiser Permanente-Cardiac Device Registry.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This is a cohort study of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), pacemakers (PM), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices implanted between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013 by ≈400 physicians in 6 US geographical regions. Registry data variables, including patient characteristics, comorbidities, indication for procedures, complications, and revisions, were captured using the healthcare system's electronic medical record. Outcomes were identified using electronic screening algorithms and adjudicated via chart review. There were 11 924 ICDs, 33 519 PMs, 4472 CRTs, and 66 067 leads registered. A higher proportion of devices were implanted in males: 75.1% (ICD), 55.0% (PM), and 66.7% (CRT), with mean patient age 63.2 years (ICD), 75.2 (PM), and 67.2 (CRT). The 30-day postoperative incidence of tamponade, hematoma, and pneumothorax were ≤0.3% (ICD), ≤0.6% (PM), and ≤0.4% (CRT). Device failures requiring revision occurred at a rate of 2.17% for ICDs, 0.85% for PMs, and 4.93% for CRTs, per 100 patient observation years. Superficial infection rates were <0.03% for all devices; deep infection rates were 0.6% (ICD), 0.5% (PM), and 1.0% (CRT). Results were used to monitor vendor-specific variations and were systematically shared with individual regions to address potential variations in outcomes, utilization, and to assist with the management of device recalls.


CONCLUSIONS
The Kaiser Permanente-Cardiac Device Registry is a robust tool to monitor postprocedural patient outcomes and postmarket surveillance of implants and potentially change practice patterns.
A Brief Survey on Taxonomy Construction Techniques

Taxonomy is a hierarchical structure consisting of hyponym-hypernym (is-a) relation. Although there are several manually built taxonomy available online, automatic taxonomy construction from text corpus has received lots of interest and many related methods are proposed in recent years. In this survey, we will go through some important techniques in taxonomy construction framework. We will also introduce some new research directions on taxonomy construction that are worth exploring in the future.
Vasoconstrictor effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-resistant, chymase-specific substrate [Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] angiotensin I in human dorsal hand veins: in vivo demonstration of non-ace production of angiotensin II in humans.

BACKGROUND
[Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] angiotensin I is an ACE-resistant substrate specific for chymase. We used this peptide to determine whether a functionally significant non-ACE angiotensin (Ang) II-generating pathway exists in human dorsal hand veins.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Using a modified Aellig technique, we studied the response to Ang I and [Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] Ang I in dorsal hand veins in vivo in patients with coronary heart disease. We measured the venoconstrictor effect of each peptide given before and after a 6.25-mg oral dose of the ACE inhibitor captopril or matching placebo. Placebo or captopril was given in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Ang I induced a mean+/-SEM venoconstrictor response of 45+/-11%, 40+/-10%, 55+/-8%, and 4+/-4% before placebo, after placebo, before captopril, and after captopril, respectively. Hence, the response to Ang I was reproducible and was reduced significantly only after treatment with captopril (P=0.002). [Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] Ang I induced a mean venoconstrictor response of 42+/-9%, 49+/-9%, 48+/-10%, and 54+/-11% before placebo, after placebo, before captopril, and after captopril, respectively. Hence, captopril had no significant effect on the response to [Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] Ang I.


CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that [Pro(11)(D)-Ala(12)] Ang I is able to induce venoconstriction in humans in vivo. With this specific pharmacological probe, we have shown that a non-ACE pathway capable of generating Ang II exists in human veins in vivo and is potentially functionally important. This pathway is likely to involve the enzyme chymase.
Interpretation of Concerning Comfort of Office Building Design in Cold Regions

Abstract:This paper interpreted the comfort of office buildings in cold regions in the view of architecture. To make the architect to build a people-centered thinking in architectural design; The analysis of design start discussions from the relation between comfort and architectural design, through building orientation, building envelope structure, indoor fresh air supply and other elements to put forward designing direction in cold region office building .
Error and attack tolerance of complex networks

Communication/transportation systems are often subjected to failures and attacks. Here we represent such systems as networks and we study their ability to resist failures (attacks) simulated as the breakdown of a group of nodes of the network chosen at random (chosen accordingly to degree or load). We consider and compare the results for two di/erent network topologies: the Erd1 os–R2 enyi random graph and the Barab2 asi–Albert scale-free network. We also discuss brie5y a dynamical model recently proposed to take into account the dynamical redistribution of loads after the initial damage of a single node of the network. c © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 89.75.−k; 89.75.Fb; 05.90.+m
Tag Clouds: Data Analysis Tool or Social Signaller?

We examine the recent information visualization phenomenon known as tag clouds, which are an interesting combination of data visualization, web design element, and social marker. Using qualitative methods, we find evidence that those who use tag clouds do so primarily because they are perceived as having an inherently social or personal component, in that they suggest what a person or a group of people is doing or is interested in, and to some degree how that changes over time; they are visually dynamic and thus suggest activity; they are a compact alternative to a long list; they signal that a site has tags; and they are perceived as being fun, popular, and/or hip. The primary reasons people object to tag clouds are their visual aesthetics, their questionable usability, their popularity among certain design circles, and what is perceived as a bias towards popular ideas and the downgrading of alternative views.