LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Origin of life

2 "Generations of scientists may yet have to come and go before the question of the origin of life is finally solved. That it will be solved eventually is as certain as anything can ever be amid the uncertainties that surround us." 1. Introduction How, where and when did life appear on Earth? Although Charles Darwin was reluctant to address these issues in his books, in a letter sent on February 1st, 1871 to his friend Joseph Dalton Hooker he wrote in a now famous paragraph that "it is often said that all the conditions for the first production of a living being are now present, which could ever have been present. But if (and oh what a big if) we could conceive in some warm little pond with all sort of ammonia and phosphoric salts,-light, heat, electricity present, that a protein compound was chemically formed, ready to undergo still more complex changes, at the present such matter would be instantly devoured, or absorbed, which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed..." (Darwin, 1871). Darwin's letter summarizes in a nutshell not only his ideas on the emergence of life, but also provides considerable insights on the views on the chemical nature of the basic biological processes that were prevalent at the time in many scientific circles. Although Friedrich Miescher had discovered nucleic acids (he called them nuclein) in 1869 (Dahm, 2005), the deciphering of their central role in genetic processes would remain unknown for almost another a century. In contrast, the roles played by proteins in manifold biological processes had been established. Equally significant, by the time Darwin wrote his letter major advances had been made in the understanding of the material basis of life, which for a long time had been considered to be fundamentally different from inorganic compounds. The experiments of Friedrich Wöhler, Adolph Strecker and Aleksandr Butlerov, who had demonstrated independently the feasibility of the laboratory synthesis of urea, alanine, and sugars, respectively, from simple 3 starting materials were recognized as a demonstration that the chemical gap separating organisms from the non-living was not insurmountable. But how had this gap first been bridged? The idea that life was an emergent feature of nature has been widespread since the nineteenth century. The major breakthrough that transformed the origin of life from pure speculation into workable and testable research models were proposals, suggested independently, in …
Statistical Analysis of Vibration Modes of a Suspension Bridge Using Spatially Dense Wireless Sensor Network

A spatially dense wireless sensor network was designed, developed and installed on a long-span suspension bridge for a 3-month deployment to record ambient acceleration. A total 174 sets of data 1.3 GB were collected from 64 sensor nodes on the main span and south tower of the Golden Gate Bridge. Analysis of the vibration data using power spectral densities and peak picking provide approximate estimates of vibration modes with minimal computation. For more detailed analysis of the data, autoregressive with moving average models ARMA give parametric estimates of vibration modes for frequencies up to 5 Hz. Statistical analysis of the multiple realizations give the distributions of the vibration frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes and 95% confidence intervals. The statistical results are compared with vibration properties using the peak picking method and previous studies of the bridge using measured data and a finite-element model. Analysis of the ambient vibration data and system identification results demonstrate that high spatial and temporal sensing using the wireless sensor network give a high resolution and confidence in the identified vibration modes. The estimation errors for the identified vibration properties are generally low, with frequencies being the most accurate and damping ratios the least accurate. DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE ST.1943-541X.0000033 CE Database subject headings: Bridges, suspension; Statistics; Probe instruments; Monitoring; Modal analysis; Vibration.
Effect of Re element on oxidation resistance of Ni3Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 °C

Abstract The isothermal oxidation behaviors of three kinds of Ni 3 Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 °C were studied. The morphology, structure and element distribution of oxide scales of the alloys were researched by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The research results show that there are three oxide layers, an outer layer of NiO, an intermediate layer mainly composed of NiO, NiAl 2 O 4 and a small amount of NiMoO 4 , and an inner layer of NiAl 2 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 . Re element was mainly distributed in the intermediate layer, which plays a role as “diffusion barrier” in the process of oxidation, and effectively reduces the diffusion rate of Al and Mo elements outward and diffusion rate of O element inward. As a result, a Al-rich oxide layer formed in the inner layer inhibits the growth of oxide layer and improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
Dynamic high-resolution ultrasound in vivo imaging of hyaluronic acid filler injection.

BACKGROUND
High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging is a useful tool to study hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injected in the face.


OBJECTIVE
To observe real-time injection of HA using HRU and describe behavior of the gel injection in various anatomic layers and the effect of massage.


METHODS
Deep (preperiosteal), intermediate (subdermal), and superficial (dermal) injections of HA were performed in the supraclavicular area under ultrasonography visualization on a healthy volunteer. Videos were obtained during injection and static images at several time points, including during injection, immediately after injection, 5 minutes after massage of the treated area, and at 2 weeks after injection.


RESULTS
During injection, dermally injected HA stayed within the dermis, increasing its echogenicity; subdermally injected HA formed multiple anechoic pearls; and preperiosteal HA produced a single anechoic bubble with diffuse margins. No vertical transection of the planes was observed during injection or after massage. Two-week postinjection imaging showed persistence of the varying HA morphology in each plane.


CONCLUSIONS
High-resolution ultrasound allows in vivo study of HA injection behavior. HA adopts different morphology within the tissue depending on the density and compliance of the tissues in the plane of injection.
Controlled sink mobility for prolonging wireless sensor networks lifetime

This paper demonstrates the advantages of using controlled mobility in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for increasing their lifetime, i.e., the period of time the network is able to provide its intended functionalities. More specifically, for WSNs that comprise a large number of statically placed sensor nodes transmitting data to a collection point (the sink), we show that by controlling the sink movements we can obtain remarkable lifetime improvements. In order to determine sink movements, we first define a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) analytical model whose solution determines those sink routes that maximize network lifetime. Our contribution expands further by defining the first heuristics for controlled sink movements that are fully distributed and localized. Our Greedy Maximum Residual Energy (GMRE) heuristic moves the sink from its current location to a new site as if drawn toward the area where nodes have the highest residual energy. We also introduce a simple distributed mobility scheme (Random Movement or S. Basagni ( ) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University e-mail: basagni@ece.neu.edu A. Carosi · C. Petrioli Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” e-mail: carosi@di.uniroma1.it C. Petrioli e-mail: petrioli@di.uniroma1.it E. Melachrinoudis · Z. M. Wang Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University e-mail: emelas@coe.neu.edu Z. M. Wang e-mail: zmwang@coe.neu.edu RM) according to which the sink moves uncontrolled and randomly throughout the network. The different mobility schemes are compared through extensive ns2-based simulations in networks with different nodes deployment, data routing protocols, and constraints on the sink movements. In all considered scenarios, we observe that moving the sink always increases network lifetime. In particular, our experiments show that controlling the mobility of the sink leads to remarkable improvements, which are as high as sixfold compared to having the sink statically (and optimally) placed, and as high as twofold compared to uncontrolled mobility.
Effect of Reading Habits on the Academic Performance of Students: A Case Study of the Students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State

Reading is vital in the life of every student. It is germane to academic performance of students. Imbibing reading habits will help them become lifelong learners. The study investigated the effect of reading habit on the academic performance of students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Five research questions guided the study. The study adopted survey research method. The research instrument used was structured questionnaire. The findings show that majority of the respondents who took part in the study are not used to their time for reading and they purposely read for examination, self development and for developments of spoken and written English. The respondents mostly read notebooks, textbooks and electronic resources. The study also revealed that reading habits has significance effect on academic performance of students. The major factor militating against students reading habit is the Social media e.g. Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, 2go etc. Therefore, the study recommends that students should be encouraged by their lectures to read different information resources other than their notebooks and handouts, they should have a blueprint of their time schedule for reading and also academic institutions should monitor use of social media, so that students will meticulously use it for educational purposes.
Absence of coronary artery calcification and all-cause mortality.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to quantify the mortality rates associated with absent and low positive (CAC 1 to 10) coronary artery calcium (CAC).


BACKGROUND
There is increasing interest in the absence of CAC as a "negative" cardiovascular risk factor. However, published event rates for individuals with no CAC vary, likely owing to differences in baseline risk, follow-up period, and outcome ascertainment. The prognostic significance of low CAC (CAC 1 to 10) is not well described.


METHODS
Annualized all-cause mortality rates were assessed in 44,052 consecutive asymptomatic patients referred for CAC testing. Mean follow-up of the cohort was 5.6 +/- 2.6 years (range 1 to 13 years).


RESULTS
A total of 19,898 patients (45%) had no CAC on screening electron beam tomography, whereas 5,388 (12%) had low levels of CAC (CAC 1 to 10), and 18,766 (43%) had CAC >10. There were 104 deaths in those with no CAC (0.52%), 58 deaths in those with CAC 1 to 10 (1.06%), and 739 deaths in those with CAC >10 (3.96%). Annualized all-cause mortality rates for CAC = 0, CAC 1 to 10, and CAC >10 were 0.87, 1.92, and 7.48 deaths/1,000 person-years, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality among CAC 1 to 10 versus CAC = 0 after adjustment for traditional risk factors was 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44 to 2.75). Smoking (HR: 3.97, 95% CI: 2.75 to 5.41) and diabetes mellitus (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.09 to 5.41) were associated with few events observed in CAC = 0 group.


CONCLUSIONS
In appropriately selected asymptomatic patients, the absence of CAC predicts excellent survival with 10-year event rates of approximately 1%. A finding of 0 CAC might be used as a rationale to emphasize lifestyle therapies rather than pharmacotherapy and to forgo repeated imaging studies. Individuals with low CAC score (CAC 1 to 10) are at increased risk above individuals with a 0 score and could be considered a distinct risk group by physicians and investigators.
BEYOND EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW VALIDITY: A COMPREHENSIVE NARRATIVE REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS OVER TIME

The last major narrative review of the employment interview was published over 10 years ago. Since then, 278 studies have examined numerous aspects of the interview. This review summarizes and critically examines this recent research. A framework is developed that partitions research into social, cognitive, individual difference, measurement, and outcome factors. This organizing framework allows an examination of trends over time and facilitates identification of gaps in the empirical literature. Within each of these major factors, each research topic is identified, defined, and reviewed. For each topic, the results of the previous 3 narrative reviews are briefly summarized, recent research is reviewed and critiqued, and directions for future research are identified.
The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep.

OBJECTIVES
This study was initiated to examine the impact of starting school on adolescent sleep, to compare weekday and weekend sleep times, and to attempt to normalize the timing of the circadian sleep/wake cycle by administering bright light in the morning. This was a collaborative project involving high school students and their parents, as well as high school and university faculty members, for the purpose of contributing information to the scientific community while educating students about research processes and their own sleep/wake cycles and patterns.


METHODS
Sixty incoming high school seniors kept sleep/wake diaries beginning in August and continuing through 2 weeks after the start of school in September. Sleep diaries were also kept for 1 month in November and 1 month in February. Early-morning light treatments were given to 19 students in the last 2 weeks of November and the last 2 weeks of February. Neuropsychologic performance was measured with computer-administered tests. Paper-and-pencil tests were used for assessment of mood and vigor. A testing period consisted of 2 consecutive days at the beginning and end of November and at the beginning and end of February. Tests were given 3 times per day, ie, in the morning before school (6:30-8:00 AM), during midday lunch periods (11:30 AM to 1:00 PM), and in the afternoon (3:00-4:30 PM), on each of the test days.


RESULTS
Adolescents lost as much as 120 minutes of sleep per night during the week after the start of school, and weekend sleep time was also significantly longer (approximately 30 minutes) than that seen before the start of school (August). No significant differences were found between weekday sleep in the summer and weekend sleep during the school year. Early-morning light treatments did not modify total minutes of sleep per night, mood, or computer-administered vigilance test results. All students performed better in the afternoon than in the morning. Students in early morning classes reported being wearier, being less alert, and having to expend greater effort.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrated that current high school start times contribute to sleep deprivation among adolescents. Consistent with a delay in circadian sleep phase, students performed better later in the day than in the early morning. However, exposure to bright light in the morning did not change the sleep/wake cycle or improve daytime performance during weekdays. Both short-term and long-term strategies that address the epidemic of sleep deprivation among adolescents will be necessary to improve health and maximize school performance.
Initial fixation strength of massive rotator cuff tears: in vitro comparison of single-row suture anchor and transosseous tunnel constructs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro repair integrity of massive rotator cuff tears fixed with transosseous tunnel and single-lateral row suture anchor techniques.


METHODS
A 5 x 2-cm crescent-shaped rotator cuff tear was created in 6 matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders. Paired shoulders were repaired with 3 transosseous tunnels and 6 Mason-Allen sutures or with 3 screw-in suture anchors and 6 simple sutures. The repairs were cyclically loaded at physiologic forces along the respective directions of pull when the arm was in 90 degrees of scapular plane elevation. Gap formation and repair displacements were monitored with digital video imaging at 3 sites for each repair.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the maximal gapping of the repair constructs. After 4,000 cycles, the mean maximal gapping at any position along the repair was 6.2 +/- 2.99 mm in the transosseous tunnel construct and 4.9 +/- 1.27 mm in the suture anchor repair construct (P = .40). Gapping was significantly less in the anterior region when compared with the posterior region of the repair (P = .015).


CONCLUSIONS
There is no difference in cyclic loading of transosseous and single-row suture anchor repair techniques. Significantly greater gap formation occurs at the posterior aspect of repairs of massive rotator cuff tears in this in vitro model.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Initial fixation strength of single-row suture anchor repairs is equivalent to that of transosseous repairs. Further research is required to determine the unknown clinical significance of increased posterior repair gap formation.
Selecting the right planning approach for a product , Supply Chain Management : An International Journal

Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to offer a solution to differentiate supply chain planning for products with different demand features and in different life-cycle phases. Design/methodology/approach – A normative framework for selecting a planning approach was developed based on a literature review of supply chain differentiation and supply chain planning. Explorative mini-cases from three companies – Vaisala, Mattel, Inc. and Zara – were investigated to identify the features of their innovative planning solutions. The selection framework was applied to the case company’s new business unit dealing with a product portfolio of highly innovative products as well as commodity items. Findings – The need for planning differentiation is essential for companies with large product portfolios operating in volatile markets. The complexity of market, channel and supply networks makes supply chain planning more intricate. The case company provides an example of using the framework for rough segmentation to differentiate planning. Research limitations/implications – The paper widens Fisher’s supply chain selection framework to consider the aspects of planning. Practical implications – Despite substantial resources being used, planning results are often not reliable or consistent enough to ensure cost efficiency and adequate customer service. Therefore there is a need for management to critically consider current planning solutions. Originality/value – The procedure outlined in this paper is a first illustrative example of the type of processes needed to monitor and select the right planning approach.
[The money of the doctor].

Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
Challenges faced by cervical cancer prevention programs in developing countries: a situational analysis of program organization in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE
to carry out a situational analysis of cervical cancer prevention activities in Argentina, specifically regarding (a) the organizational framework of cervical cancer prevention activities; (b) Pap-smear coverage; (c) cytology laboratory organization; and (d) follow-up/treatment of women with abnormal lesions.


METHODS
a situational analysis of provincial cervical cancer programs using data from an ad-hoc questionnaire sent to the leaders of cervical cancer prevention programs in Argentina's 24 provinces. In addition, the provinces' program guidelines, statistical reports, laws, and program regulations were reviewed and certain key leaders were personally interviewed.


RESULTS
data were obtained for 19 of Argentina's 24 provinces. Four of the 19 provinces had no formal program framework. Conventional cytology was the most commonly used screening test. Screening was mainly opportunistic. The recommended interval between normal tests was 3 years in most provinces. The eligible age for screening ranged from 10-70 years of age; however, annual or biannual screening was the usual practice after becoming sexually active. None of the provincial programs had data available regarding Pap-smear coverage. Most of the cytology laboratories did not have a quality control policy. The number of smears read varied greatly by laboratory (650-24 000 per year). A log of events related to screening and treatment did not exist in most provinces.


CONCLUSIONS
screening in Argentina is mainly opportunistic, characterized by an estimated low coverage, coexisting with over-screening of women with access to health services, and an absence of quality control procedures. Policies for cervical cancer screening in the provinces vary and, most often, deviate from the national recommendation of one Pap smear every 3 years for women 35-64 years of age. Ensuring compliance with national program guidelines is an essential step toward significantly reducing the burden of cervical cancer.