LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Base Completion Using Embeddings and Rules

Knowledge bases (KBs) are often greatly incomplete, necessitating a demand for KB completion. A promising approach is to embed KBs into latent spaces and make inferences by learning and operating on latent representations. Such embedding models, however, do not make use of any rules during inference and hence have limited accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach which incorporates rules seamlessly into embedding models for KB completion. It formulates inference as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem, with the objective function generated from embedding models and the constraints translated from rules. Solving the ILP problem results in a number of facts which 1) are the most preferred by the embedding models, and 2) comply with all the rules. By incorporating rules, our approach can greatly reduce the solution space and significantly improve the inference accuracy of embedding models. We further provide a slacking technique to handle noise in KBs, by explicitly modeling the noise with slack variables. Experimental results on two publicly available data sets show that our approach significantly and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art embedding models in KB completion. Moreover, the slacking technique is effective in identifying erroneous facts and ambiguous entities, with a precision higher than 90%.
Towards Automatic Visual Obstacle Avoidance

University This report describes ongoing research on a working system which drives a vehicle through cluttered environments under computer control, guided by images perceived through an onboard tv camera. The emphasis is on reliable and fast low level visual techniques which determine the existence and location of objects in the world, but do not identify them. Included are an interest operator for choosing distinctive regions in images, a correlator for finding matching regions in similar images, a camera solver which determines camera displacement and distance to objects from stereo information tGennery, D.B., this Proceedings] and an automatic geometric distortion corrector for camera nonlinearities. Many of these use pictures reduced in linear dimension by powers of 2 by summation of pixels. Other operators are a high pass filter. a point noise remover, a contrast normalizes a vertical roll corrector, a picture comparator and an operator for reducing pictures by other than powers of two. Our hardware includes an electric vehicle, called the cart, remotely controlled over a CB radio link by a PDP-KL10. It carries a b/w tv camera whose picture is broadcast over a UHF channel, and occasionally digitized by the computer. It has motors for the wheels, steering and camera pan. Each can be made to run forward or backward. There are potentiometers on the steering and pan which enables them to be commanded to point straight ahead. Budgetary and personnel limitations have resulted in crude mechanical arrangements. The motor speeds are poorly regulated, and video is the only feedback to the computer. Dead reckoning errors are about 30%. Our small resources have been spent gaining software experience before undertaking serious hardware work. In my opinion our major hardware limitation is one shared by all other vision work, and Al in general, namely a critical shortage of raw processing power. For instance it would take about 100,000 efficiently programmed PDP-10's to match the human visual system. Results Early versions of the routines described below were used in a program which drove the vehicle in straight lines or uniform arcs. It acquired and tracked distant features, using their motion from frame to frame to build up a model of vehicle response, and to servo on the desired path. With the cart outdoors on a dirty road, it worked well. Ten runs of about 60 steps were completed. The runs were usually terminated by serious hiccups of the radio control link. …
Effects of mirror therapy on motor and sensory recovery in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of mirror therapy (MT) versus control treatment (CT) on movement performance, motor control, sensory recovery, and performance of activities of daily living in people with chronic stroke.


DESIGN
Single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
Four hospitals.


PARTICIPANTS
Outpatients with chronic stroke (N=33) with mild to moderate motor impairment.


INTERVENTIONS
The MT group (n=16) received upper extremity training involving repetitive bimanual, symmetrical movement practice, in which the individual moves the affected limb while watching the reflective illusion of the unaffected limb's movements from a mirror. The CT group received task-oriented upper extremity training. The intensity for both groups was 1.5 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
The Fugl-Meyer Assessment; kinematic variables, including reaction time, normalized movement time, normalized total displacement, joint recruitment, and maximum shoulder-elbow cross-correlation; the Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment; the Motor Activity Log; and the ABILHAND questionnaire.


RESULTS
The MT group performed better in the overall (P=.01) and distal part (P=.04) Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores and demonstrated shorter reaction time (P=.04), shorter normalized total displacement (P=.04), and greater maximum shoulder-elbow cross-correlation (P=.03). The Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment temperature scores improved significantly more in the MT group than in the CT group. No significant differences on the Motor Activity Log and the ABILHAND questionnaire were found immediately after MT or at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The application of MT after stroke might result in beneficial effects on movement performance, motor control, and temperature sense, but may not translate into daily functions in the population with chronic stroke.
A Particle Field Theorist's Lectures on Supersymmetric, Non-Abelian Fluid Mechanics and d-Branes

This monograph is derived from a series of six lectures I gave at the Centre de Recherches Mathematiques in Montreal, in March and June 2000, while titulary of the Aisenstadt Chair.
Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Salivary Duct Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 141 Patients

Among salivary gland malignancies, the prognosis of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is assumed to be the poorest. However, because of its low incidence, reliable survival estimates and prognostic factors based on a large number of patients remain to be elucidated, thereby making it impossible to standardize the optimal treatment for SDC. We performed this multi-institutional, retrospective analysis by collecting the clinical information of 141 patients with SDC without distant metastasis who underwent curative surgery as the initial treatment to elucidate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) along with their prognostic factors. The 3-year OS and DFS rates were 70.5 and 38.2 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥65 years (p < 0.001) and N1 and N2 (p = 0.047 and <0.001, respectively) were independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas the primary site of the minor salivary and sublingual gland (p < 0.001) and N2 (p < 0.001) were those for DFS. The most common treatment failure was distant metastasis (55 patients, 39.0 %). For early parotid SDC, neither total parotidectomy in the patients with early T stage nor nerve resection in the patients without facial nerve palsy showed survival benefits. Advanced N stage independently affects both OS and DFS. Partial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation could be a less invasive standard surgical procedure for parotid gland SDC in the early T stage without facial nerve palsy. Effective systemic therapy is imperative to improve DFS of SDC.
Developing an interactive mobile phone self-report system for self-management of hypertension. Part 2: Content validity and usability

Self-management support tools using technology may improve adherence to hypertension treatment. There is a need for user-friendly tools facilitating patients' understanding of the interconnections between blood pressure, wellbeing and lifestyle. This study aimed to examine comprehension, comprehensiveness and relevance of items, and further to evaluate the usability and reliability of an interactive hypertension-specific mobile phone self-report system. Areas important in supporting self-management and candidate items were derived from five focus group interviews with patients and healthcare professionals (n = 27), supplemented by a literature review. Items and response formats were drafted to meet specifications for mobile phone administration and were integrated into a mobile phone data-capture system. Content validity and usability were assessed iteratively in four rounds of cognitive interviews with patients (n = 21) and healthcare professionals (n = 4). Reliability was examined using a test-retest. Focus group analyses yielded six areas covered by 16 items. The cognitive interviews showed satisfactory item comprehension, relevance and coverage; however, one item was added. The mobile phone self-report system was reliable and perceived easy to use. The mobile phone self-report system appears efficiently to capture information relevant in patients' self-management of hypertension. Future studies need to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool in improving self-management of hypertension in clinical practice.
Multi-layer 5G mobile phone antenna for multi-user MIMO communications

In this study, a new design of multi-layer phased array antenna for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth generation (5G) mobile terminals is proposed. The proposed linear phased array antenna is designed on four layers of the Rogers RT5880 substrates to operate at 28 GHz which is under consideration for 5G wireless communications. Two identical linear sub arrays can be simultaneously used at different sides of the mobile-phone printed circuit board (PCB) for operation in diversity or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modes. Each sub array contains eight elements of very compact off-center dipole antennas with dimensions of 5.4×0.65 mm2. The feature of compact design with good beam-steering function makes them well-suited to integrate into the mobile-phone mock-up. The fundamental properties of the proposed antenna have been investigated. Simulations show that the proposed 5G antenna is effective for the required beam-coverage in multi-user MIMO communications.
A follow-up study of maternal expressed emotion toward children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): relation with severity and persistence of ADHD and comorbidity.

OBJECTIVE
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with conflicted parent-child relationships. The underlying mechanisms of this association are not yet fully understood. We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between externalizing psychopathology in children with ADHD, and expressed emotion (EE; warmth and criticism) and psychopathology in mothers.


METHOD
In this 6-year follow-up study, 385 children with an ADHD combined subtype were included at baseline (mean, 11.5 years, 83.4% male), of which 285 children (74%) were available at follow-up (mean, 17.5 years, 83.5% male). At both time points, measures of child psychopathology (i.e., ADHD severity, oppositional, and conduct problems), maternal EE, and maternal psychopathology (i.e., ADHD and affective problems) were obtained.


RESULTS
EE was not significantly correlated over time. At baseline, we found a nominally negative association (p ≤ .05) between maternal warmth and child ADHD severity. At follow-up, maternal criticism was significantly associated with child oppositional problems, and nominally with child conduct problems. Maternal warmth was nominally associated with child oppositional and conduct problems. These associations were independent of maternal psychopathology. No longitudinal associations were found between EE at baseline and child psychopathology at follow-up, or child psychopathology at baseline and EE at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support previous findings of cross-sectional associations between parental EE and child psychopathology. This, together with the finding that EE was not stable over 6 years, suggests that EE is a momentary state measure varying with contextual and developmental factors. EE does not appear to be a risk factor for later externalizing behavior in children with ADHD.
Communicative Affordances of Mobile Media: Portability, Availability, Locatability, and Multimediality

Mobile technologies such as smartphones and tablets have been rapidly adopted worldwide. Mobile media are now the primary online connection for most individuals. Despite this rapid rise, theories of how mobile media relate to communication patterns and outcomes remain scarce. An affordances approach promises a high-level framework for researching how technologies such as mobile media are integrated into routines, affecting subsequent patterns of communication. In this article, I first consider the theoretical lineage of affordances and how this perspective demonstrates advantages from related theories. Second, I draw on affordances to define “communicative affordances,” a perspective that takes communication as a central concern. Finally, I synthesize literature from mobile communication to formulate a typology of communicative affordances of mobile media: portability, availability, locatability, and multimediality. Suggestions are then made for research employing a communicative affordances framework.
End-to-end scene text recognition

This paper focuses on the problem of word detection and recognition in natural images. The problem is significantly more challenging than reading text in scanned documents, and has only recently gained attention from the computer vision community. Sub-components of the problem, such as text detection and cropped image word recognition, have been studied in isolation [7, 4, 20]. However, what is unclear is how these recent approaches contribute to solving the end-to-end problem of word recognition. We fill this gap by constructing and evaluating two systems. The first, representing the de facto state-of-the-art, is a two stage pipeline consisting of text detection followed by a leading OCR engine. The second is a system rooted in generic object recognition, an extension of our previous work in [20]. We show that the latter approach achieves superior performance. While scene text recognition has generally been treated with highly domain-specific methods, our results demonstrate the suitability of applying generic computer vision methods. Adopting this approach opens the door for real world scene text recognition to benefit from the rapid advances that have been taking place in object recognition.
Mood, neuroticism, and the encoding of affective words

A lexical decision task, with words of positive, neutral and negative content, was used to test for affective bias in word encoding. Bias in priming of response was also examined; stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between prime and target words was manipulated to distinguish automatic and controlled priming. We tested for bias associated with emotional content of words, and with trait and state subject characteristics of neuroticism and pleasantness of mood. Results showed a variety of biases, but mood-congruence of priming of emotional words was found only in subjects selected for relatively extreme moods. In unprimed lexical decision, the strongest effect was a general processing advantage for negative words, although some variation between subject groups was found. Negative word-pairs also showed greater automatic priming magnitude than positive word pairs. Neutral words were more strongly primed in more neurotic subjects. The magnitude of controlled priming was greater for both types of emotional word than for neutral words. Implications of the results for spreading activation and attentional models of affective bias are discussed. It is concluded that there is a general, automatic processing advantage for negative words, but the “tuning” of the information-processing system to affective content varies with neuroticism and mood. Results are broadly consistent with “hybrid models” of affective bias, which propose that mood-congruence is influenced by several distinct mechanisms.
Incidence and Return to Play After Biceps Tenodesis in Professional Baseball Players.

PURPOSE
To determine return to play (RTP) rates after biceps tenodesis (BT) in professional baseball players.


METHODS
Major League Baseball has maintained a prospective database containing all major and minor league baseball players who have undergone shoulder surgery since 2010. All players who had undergone BT were included. Minimum follow-up was 24 months, and thus we included data from 2010 to 2013. Using this database we determined the incidence, demographics, prior surgery history, concomitant procedures, RTP rates, and time to RTP.


RESULTS
Between 2010 and 2013, 17 professional baseball players underwent BT. Seventy-one percent of the 17 were pitchers, and 29% of the 17 were in the major league. Forty-seven percent of the 17 had a history of a prior shoulder surgery and 47% of the 17 underwent concomitant labral repair. For all players, RTP after BT was 35%, whereas RTP after BT without a concomitant reconstructive procedure was 44% in 10 ± 6 months, and 25% for those who underwent both BT and a concomitant reconstructive procedure (P = .620). All players who RTP were able to return to at least 20 games at their preoperative level of play. Return to professional play was 80% among position players and 17% among pitchers (P = .028). For those pitchers who RTP, performance was not statistically changed.


CONCLUSIONS
Professional baseball players who undergo BT have a 35% rate of return to their prior level of play. Whereas pitchers have only a 17% rate of RTP, position players have an 80% rate of RTP. Of those who returned, all returned to their prior level of play. The pitchers who returned had no significant change in performance statistics.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, therapeutic study, a case series.
Dynawheel Stroke Rehabilitation with Android Games New Jersey Governor’s School of Engineering & Technology 2013

The Dynawheel is a novel medical device designed to improve post-stroke therapy. Current rehabilitation techniques based on traditional tools such as stress balls and elastic bands produce no quality metrics or effective method of tracking the patient’s progress beyond the therapist’s subjective evaluation. This issue is resolved when smartphone applications are integrated with the Dynawheel. Two Android applications were designed and built to maximize the Dynawheel’s capabilities, to create an enjoyable, effective rehabilitation experience for patients, and to produce quality metrics that can be used by therapists and researchers to improve stroke rehabilitation. The games were written in the Lua programming language and debugged and tested using the Gideros game engine. Once the games were built, they were tested in clinical trials at the Johnson Rehabilitation Institute. The expert therapists were also able to provide much valuable feedback. The results of the trials were used to determine functionality and usability of the games. It was concluded that both games are usable, integrate well with the Dynawheel, and have the potential to dramatically improve post-stroke treatment.
Problem Set # 2 Solutions : Naive Bayes , SVMs , and

Notes: (1) These questions require thought, but do not require long answers. Please be as concise as possible. (2) If you have a question about this homework, we encourage you to post your question on our Piazza forum, at https://piazza.com/class#fall2012/cs229. (3) If you missed the first lecture or are unfamiliar with the collaboration or honor code policy, please read the policy on Handout #1 (available from the course website) before starting work. (4) For problems that require programming, please include in your submission a printout of your code (with comments) and any figures that you are asked to plot. (5) Please indicate the submission time and number of late dates clearly in your submission. SCPD students: Please email your solutions to cs229-qa@cs.stanford.edu with the subject line " Problem Set 2 Submission ". The first page of your submission should be the homework routing form, which can be found on the SCPD website. Your submission (including the routing form) must be a single pdf file, or we may not be able to grade it. If you are writing your solutions out by hand, please write clearly and in a reasonably large font using a dark pen to improve legibility. 1. [15 points] Constructing kernels In class, we saw that by choosing a kernel K(x, z) = φ(x) T φ(z), we can implicitly map data to a high dimensional space, and have the SVM algorithm work in that space. One way to generate kernels is to explicitly define the mapping φ to a higher dimensional space, and then work out the corresponding K. However in this question we are interested in direct construction of kernels. I.e., suppose we have a function K(x, z) that we think gives an appropriate similarity measure for our learning problem, and we are considering plugging K into the SVM as the kernel function. However for K(x, z) to be a valid kernel, it must correspond to an inner product in some higher dimensional space resulting from some feature mapping φ. Mercer's theorem tells us that K(x, z) is a (Mercer) kernel if and only if for any finite set {x (1) ,. .. , x (m) }, the matrix K is symmetric and positive semidefinite, where the square matrix K ∈ R m×m is given by K ij = K(x (i) , x (j)). Now here comes the question: Let K 1 , K 2 be kernels …
Tackling Youth Unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa : Is there a role for Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining ?

This paper argues that a formalized and supported artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector could assist immeasurably with reducing the intensity of the youth unemployment crisis which now plagues sub-Saharan Africa. Over the past decade, hundreds of thousands of the region's youth have pursued work in the ASM economy in various capacities, decisions which have brought much-needed stability in a landscape devoid of formal sector job opportunities. Host governments and donors, however, have often condemned these moves, failing to fully appreciate why youth have pursued work in ASM in the first place and the impact it has had on their livelihoods. Whilst by no means the solution to the youth unemployment problem in sub-Saharan Africa, heightened emphasis on formalizing and supporting ASM could certainly buy policymakers and donors some valuable time – at least in the short term – to sufficiently 're-think' their ineffective approaches to tackling the crisis. 3 Introduction One of the most pressing problems in sub-Saharan Africa today is youth unemployment. The data compiled by a range of organizations in recent years paint an extremely bleak picture. At present, of the estimated 296.9 million people aged 10-24 in the region, fewer than 50 per cent are employed in the formal economy [1]. Some countries, such as Mozambique and Ghana, have youth unemployment/underemployment rates as high as 80 per cent [2]. The growing concern, however, is that despite presently being the most youthful area of the world, sub-Saharan Africa is on course to become even younger: due to its high fertility rate, the number of youth inhabiting the region, as a proportion of the population, is projected to exceed 75 per cent by 2015. The region will be home to nearly one quarter of the world's young people by 2025 [3].