LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
COMPSAC 2015 Plenary Panel on "History of Modern Computing"

Welcome to this special panel aiming to reexamine the history of modern computing during early 20th century. During our discussion we will recognize some of the earliest efforts in transforming the world through electronic digital computing.
Hierarchical Semi-supervised Classification with Incomplete Class Hierarchies

In an entity classification task, topic or concept hierarchies are often incomplete. Previous work by Dalvi et al. [12] has showed that in non-hierarchical semi-supervised classification tasks, the presence of such unanticipated classes can cause semantic drift for seeded classes. The Exploratory learning [12] method was proposed to solve this problem; however it is limited to the flat classification task. This paper builds such exploratory learning methods for hierarchical classification tasks.
 We experimented with subsets of the NELL [8] ontology and text, and HTML table datasets derived from the ClueWeb09 corpus. Our method (OptDAC-ExploreEM) outperforms the existing Exploratory EM method, and its naive extension (DAC-ExploreEM), in terms of seed class F1 on average by 10% and 7% respectively.
Effective universal health coverage and improved 1-year survival after acute myocardial infarction: the Chilean experience.

UNLABELLED
In 2005, Chile implemented a universal system of health guarantees (AUGE) aimed at improving equitable access to quality medical care for priority health conditions, including acute myocardial infarction (MI).


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate 1-year survival in MI patients before and after AUGE.


METHODS
Retrospective cohorts of patients with MI (with and without ST segment elevation) discharged alive from six public hospitals between January 2001-June 2005 (pre-AUGE) and July 2008-March 2009 (post-AUGE). Chilean national mortality and MI Registry (hospital-based) databases were linked using a unique identification number (ICD-10 codes I00-I99 were used to identify cardiovascular deaths). One-year survival was assessed using Weibull multivariate regression.


RESULTS
About 1867 patients were discharged alive pre-AUGE and 534 post-AUGE; 25% were women in both periods. When comparing pre-AUGE and post-AUGE, there was an increase in the use of primary and elective angioplasty (1.7 vs 23.6% and 7.3 vs 20.0%), beta-blockers (62 vs 71%) and statins (40 vs 90%); P  <  0.001 all. One-year survival was 92% pre-AUGE (95% CI: 91-93%) and 96% post-AUGE (95% CI: 94-97%) (HR  =  0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.82; P  =  0.003). The post-AUGE improvement persisted after adjusting for variables associated with long-term case-fatality (HR  =  0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75). Percutaneous coronary intervention (HR  =  0.31, 95% CI: 0.09-0.99) and statins use at discharge (HR  =  0.45, 95% CI: 0.31-0.66) had the highest effects associated with lower case-fatality and both treatments increased in the post-AUGE period.


CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of AUGE in Chile appears to have contributed to improved treatment of MI in public hospitals and increased 1-year survival, which is consistent with its aim to improve access to quality medical care and to reduce health inequities.
Inherited variants in mitochondrial biogenesis genes may influence epithelial ovarian cancer risk.

BACKGROUND
Mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress, a phenomenon implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that inherited variants in mitochondrial-related genes influence epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility.


METHODS
Through a multicenter study of 1,815 Caucasian EOC cases and 1,900 controls, we investigated associations between EOC risk and 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 22 genes/regions within the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and 2,839 nuclear-encoded SNPs localized to 138 genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (BIO, n = 35), steroid hormone metabolism (HOR, n = 13), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXP, n = 90) pathways. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI between genotype and case status. Overall significance of each gene and pathway was evaluated by using Fisher's method to combine SNP-level evidence. At the SNP level, we investigated whether lifetime ovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and cigarette smoking were confounders or modifiers of associations.


RESULTS
Interindividual variation involving BIO was most strongly associated with EOC risk (empirical P = 0.050), especially for NRF1, MTERF, PPARGC1A, ESRRA, and CAMK2D. Several SNP-level associations strengthened after adjustment for nongenetic factors, particularly for MTERF. Statistical interactions with cigarette smoking and HRT use were observed with MTERF and CAMK2D SNPs, respectively. Overall variation within mtDNA, HOR, and OXP was not statistically significant (empirical P > 0.10).


CONCLUSION
We provide novel evidence to suggest that variants in mitochondrial biogenesis genes may influence EOC susceptibility.


IMPACT
A deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress may aid in developing strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from EOC.
Higher Efficacy of Sequential Therapy with Interferon-α and Lamivudine Combination Compared to Lamivudine Monotherapy in HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

BACKGROUND:Monotherapy with interferon (IFN) or lamivudine is effective in a limited proportion of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. A sequential combination may have better therapeutic effects by sustained viral suppression combined with immunomodulation.AIM:To compare the efficacy of sequential lamivudine and IFN therapy versus lamivudine monotherapy in HBeAg positive CHB patients.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Seventy-five treatment naïve HBeAg positive patients with histologically proven CHB and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5 × ULN received lamivudine 100 mg per day for 52 wks with IFN 5 MIU per day added for 16 wks after the first 8 wks (group A, n = 38; age 30 ± 12 yr; M:F = 35:3) or lamivudine 100 mg per day for 52 wks (group B, n = 37; age 30 ± 16 yr; M:F = 31:6). Biochemical and virologic responses were assessed at weeks 52 and 76 and analysis was done on intention-to-treat. Serial samples were studied for the emergence of lamivudine-resistant YM552I/VDD mutations by direct sequencing.RESULTS:At week 52, HBeAg loss occurred in 15 (39.5%) in group A and 14 (37.8%) in group B (p = 1.00). HBeAg loss, anti-HBe appearance, and undetectable DNA levels were seen in 26.3% and 13.5% (p = 0.249), respectively. Nine of 10 (90%) patients in group A and 1 of 5 (20%) in group B maintained the response through week 76 (p = 0.017). At week 76, 5 additional patients in group A and 3 in group B further achieved the primary end point and the overall HBeAg loss was observed in 44.7% and 18.9% (p = 0.025) and HBeAg loss, anti-HBe appearance, and undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in 36.8% and 10.8% in group A and group B, respectively (p = 0.026). At week 76, undetectable HBV DNA was seen in 39.5% and 16.2% in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.039). Normal ALT was seen in 47.7% and 40.5% at week 52 (p = 0.489) and ALT was normal in 39.5% and 13.5% at week 76 (p = 0.018) in groups A and B, respectively. YM552I/VDD-resistant mutants emerged in 6 of 38 (15.5%) patients in group A, and 3 of 37 (8.1%) in group B (p = ns). The rate of histological improvement was comparable in the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrate that sequential therapy is superior to lamivudine monotherapy in achieving sustained seroconversion, ALT normalization, and HBV DNA loss. Compared to 80% with sequential therapy, only 20% Indian patients with CHB did not relapse after stopping lamivudine monotherapy.
Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China.

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW we re conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 k g VS/(m3.day) using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 350C. FVW could b e digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 m3/(m3 .day)and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW: FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1:2, resulted in an increase inVFAs concentration to 1100-1200 mg/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1:1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.
Automatic Classification of Body Parts X-ray Images

The development of automatic analysis and classification methods for large databases of X-ray images is a pressing need that may have a great impact on clinical practice. To advance this objective the ImageCLEF-2015 clustering of body part X-ray images challenge was created. The aim of the challenge is to group digital X-ray images into five structural groups: head-neck, upper-limb, body, lower-limb, and other. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation of X-ray images classification in the ImageCLEF-2015 challenge. We apply state-of-the-art classification and feature extraction methods for image classification and optimize them for the challenge task with emphasis on features indicating bone size and structure. The best classification results were obtained using the intensity, texture and HoG features and the KNN classifier. This combination has an accuracy of 86% and 73% for the 500 training images and 250 test images, respectively.
Re-Stream : Real-time and energy-efficient resource scheduling in big data stream computing environments

To achieve high energy efficiency and low response time in big data stream computing environments, it is required to model an energy-efficient resource scheduling and optimization framework. In this paper, we propose a real-time and energy-efficient resource scheduling and optimization framework, termed the Re-Stream. Firstly, the Re-Stream profiles a mathematical relationship among energy consumption, response time, and resource utilization, and obtains the conditions to meet high energy efficiency and low response time. Secondly, a data stream graph is modeled by using the distributed stream computing theories, which identifies the critical path within the data stream graph. Such a methodology aids in calculating the energy consumption of a resource allocation scheme for a data stream graph at a given data stream speed. Thirdly, the Re-Stream allocates tasks by utilizing an energy-efficient heuristic and a critical path scheduling mechanism subject to the architectural requirements. This is done to optimize the scheduling mechanism online by reallocating the critical vertices on the critical path of a data stream graph to minimize the response time and system fluctuations. Moreover, the Re-Stream consolidates the non-critical vertices on the non-critical path so as to improve energy efficiency. We evaluate the Re-Stream to measure energy efficiency and response time for big data stream computing environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the ReStream has the ability to improve energy efficiency of a big data stream computing system, and to reduce average response time. The Re-Stream provides an elegant trade-off between increased energy efficiency and decreased response time effectively within big data stream computing environments. 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Neuro-cognitive mechanisms of conscious and unconscious visual
					perception: From a plethora of phenomena to general principles

Psychological and neuroscience approaches have promoted much progress in elucidating the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie phenomenal visual awareness during the last decades. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research investigating important phenomena in conscious and unconscious vision. We identify general principles to characterize conscious and unconscious visual perception, which may serve as important building blocks for a unified model to explain the plethora of findings. We argue that in particular the integration of principles from both conscious and unconscious vision is advantageous and provides critical constraints for developing adequate theoretical models. Based on the principles identified in our review, we outline essential components of a unified model of conscious and unconscious visual perception. We propose that awareness refers to consolidated visual representations, which are accessible to the entire brain and therefore globally available. However, visual awareness not only depends on consolidation within the visual system, but is additionally the result of a post-sensory gating process, which is mediated by higher-level cognitive control mechanisms. We further propose that amplification of visual representations by attentional sensitization is not exclusive to the domain of conscious perception, but also applies to visual stimuli, which remain unconscious. Conscious and unconscious processing modes are highly interdependent with influences in both directions. We therefore argue that exactly this interdependence renders a unified model of conscious and unconscious visual perception valuable. Computational modeling jointly with focused experimental research could lead to a better understanding of the plethora of empirical phenomena in consciousness research.
Survival outcomes after radical and partial nephrectomy for clinical T2 renal tumours categorised by R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score.

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated survival outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinical T2 renal masses (cT2RM) controlling for R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A two-centre study comprised of 202 patients with cT2RM who underwent RN (122) or PN (80) between July 2002 and June 2012 (median follow-up 41.5 months). Kaplan-Meier analysis compared overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among the entire cohort and within categories of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 and <10. Association between procedure and PFS and OS was analysed using Cox-proportional hazard.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences between PN and RN in clinical T stage and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores. For RN and PN, the 5-year PFS was 69.8% and 79.9% (P = 0.115), CSS was 82.5% and 86.7% (P = 0.407), and OS was 80% and 83.3% (P = 0.291). Cox regression showed no association between RN vs PN and PFS; a R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 was associated with a shorter PFS (hazard ratio 6.69, P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis for RN vs PN showed no difference in PFS for entire cohort or within the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score categories of ≥10 and <10. The PFS was better for those with R.E.N.A.L nephrometry scores of <10 vs ≥10 (P < 0.001) and for cT2a vs cT2b tumours (P = 0.012). OS was no different between cT2a and cT2b tumours; patients with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of ≥10 were more likely to die from disease (P < 0.001) or any cause (P < 0.001) vs those with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of <10.


CONCLUSIONS
PN may be oncologically effective for cT2RM. A R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score of ≥10 is negatively associated with OS among cT2RM compared with a score of <10 and provides additional risk assessment beyond clinical T stage. Further follow-up and prospective randomised investigation is requisite to confirm efficacy of PN for cT2RM.
Endovascular treatment of giant and large intracranial aneurysms using the neuroform stent-assisted coil placement.

BACKGROUND
Giant and large intracranial aneurysms represent enormous therapeutic challenges for neurosurgeons as well as for endovascular therapists. Since they may involve entire vessels or be irregular in shape, the rate of complete obliteration with GDCs is low and the incidence of recanalization is very high. So the technique of stent-assisted coil placement is designed to treat aneurysms.


OBJECTIVE
This study was to evaluate the endovascular treatment of giant and large intracranial aneurysms using neuroform stent-assisted coil placement.


METHODS
Thirty-six patients harboring giant or large intracranial aneurysms were treated by using the neuroform stent-assisted coil placement. It was parallel to navigate the neuroform stent and the microcatheter.


RESULTS
Thirty-five of neuroform stents were easily delivered and deployed at the desired location. Of the 35 aneurysms successfully stented, all the aneurysms were occluded with stent-assisted coiling. Twenty-nine were totally occluded, and six aneurysms were with neck remnants. There was no complication related to the procedure except for the asymptomatic migration of the stents in two cases. All the patients recovered well.


CONCLUSION
The neuroform stent-assisted coil placement may be a favorable technique for treatment of giant and large intracranial aneurysms. Further study is necessary to assess the long-term outcome.
TOWARDS NATURAL SPOKEN INTERACTION WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

The skill of natural spoken interaction is crucial for artificial intelligent systems. To equip these systems with this skill, model-based statistical dialogue systems are essential. However, this goal is still far from reach. In this paper, the basics of statistical spoken dialogue systems, which play a key role in natural interaction, are presented. Furthermore, I will outline two principal aspects and argue why those are important to achieve natural interactions.
8 Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Energy Storage Systems

Bidirectional dc-dc converters (BDC) have recently received a lot of attention due to the increasing need to systems with the capability of bidirectional energy transfer between two dc buses. Apart from traditional application in dc motor drives, new applications of BDC include energy storage in renewable energy systems, fuel cell energy systems, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The fluctuation nature of most renewable energy resources, like wind and solar, makes them unsuitable for standalone operation as the sole source of power. A common solution to overcome this problem is to use an energy storage device besides the renewable energy resource to compensate for these fluctuations and maintain a smooth and continuous power flow to the load. As the most common and economical energy storage devices in medium-power range are batteries and super-capacitors, a dc-dc converter is always required to allow energy exchange between storage device and the rest of system. Such a converter must have bidirectional power flow capability with flexible control in all operating modes. In HEV applications, BDCs are required to link different dc voltage buses and transfer energy between them. For example, a BDC is used to exchange energy between main batteries (200-300V) and the drive motor with 500V dc link. High efficiency, lightweight, compact size and high reliability are some important requirements for the BDC used in such an application. BDCs also have applications in line-interactive UPS which do not use double conversion technology and thus can achieve higher efficiency. In a line-interactive UPS, the UPS output terminals are connected to the grid and therefore energy can be fed back to the inverter dc bus and charge the batteries via a BDC during normal mode. In backup mode, the battery feeds the inverter dc bus again via BDC but in reverse power flow direction. BDCs can be classified into non-isolated and isolated types. Non-isolated BDCs (NBDC) are simpler than isolated BDCs (IBDC) and can achieve better efficiency. However, galvanic isolation is required in many applications and mandated by different standards. The
Psychological factors determine depressive symptomatology after stroke.

OBJECTIVE
To identify psychological factors related to poststroke depressive symptoms.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study, with patients assessed at 2 months poststroke.


SETTING
Patients with stroke from 6 general hospitals.


PARTICIPANTS
Stroke patients (N=344; mean age ± SD, 66.9±12.3y).


INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The presence of clinical depressive symptoms was determined with the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 2 months poststroke. Psychological factors assessed were extraversion, neuroticism, optimism, pessimism, self-efficacy, helplessness, acceptance, perceiving benefits, proactive coping, and passive coping.


RESULTS
Bivariate correlations and multivariate backward logistic regression were used to analyze associations between psychological factors and poststroke depressive symptoms, accounting for demographic and stroke-related factors. More neuroticism, pessimism, passive coping, and helplessness, and less extraversion, optimism, self-efficacy, acceptance, perceived benefits, and proactive coping were bivariately associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more helplessness (odds ratio [OR]=1.17) and passive coping (OR=1.19) and less acceptance (OR=.89) and perceived benefits (OR=.89) were independently significantly associated with the presence of poststroke depressive symptoms (Nagelkerke R(2)=.49).


CONCLUSIONS
We found a relationship between psychological variables and the presence of depressive symptoms 2 months poststroke. It is important to take these factors into account during poststroke rehabilitation.
Performance of Rotors in a Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine ( BDFM )

The paper presents experimental results to assess the performance of a variety of rotors used in a Brushless Doubly Fed Machine (BDFM). In the experiments the torque-speed characteristics were measured on a BDFM fitted with four rotors with five different windings. The measurements were made of the machine excited with just one stator supply with the second stator supply first open circuit, and then shortcircuited. The results give valuable insight into how different rotors, including a novel design of BDFM rotor, will perform in a BDFM configured as a variable speed generator. The results highlight important differences between the rotors related to their winding construction.
The Space of Possible Mind Designs

The paper attempts to describe the space of possible mind designs by first equating all minds to software. Next it proves some properties of the mind design space such as infinitude of minds, size and representation complexity of minds. A survey of mind design taxonomies is followed by a proposal for a new field of investigation devoted to study of minds, intellectology.