LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Disney's Aladdin: First Steps toward Storytelling in Virtual Reality

Disney Imagineering has developed a high-fidelity virtual reality (VR) attraction where guests fly a magic carpet through a virtual world based on the animated film “Aladdin.” Unlike most existing work on VR, which has focused on hardware and systems software, we assumed high fidelity and focused on using VR as a new medium to tell stories. We fielded our system at EPCOT Center for a period of fourteen months and conducted controlled experiments, observing the reactions of over 45,000 guests. contact author: Randy Pausch, Computer Science Department, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903. Pausch@virginia.edu, 804/982-2211 Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work or personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to st on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior sion and/or a fee. -89791-746-4/96/008...$3.50 193 Riders filled out an exit survey after the experience, and with select groups we used a number of other data-gathering techniques, including interviews and mechanically logging where guests looked and flew. Our major finding is that in a high fidelity VR experience, men and women of all ages suspend disbelief and accept the illusion that they are in a different place. We have found that in VR, as in all media, content matters. Novices are unimpressed with the technology for its own sake; they care about what there is to do in the virtual world. We can improve the experience by telling a pre-immersion “background story” and by giving the guest a concrete goal to perform in the virtual environment. Our eventual goal is to develop the lexicon for this new storytelling medium: the set of communication techniques shared between directors and the audience. We conclude with a discussion of our second version of the Aladdin project, which contains a large number of synthetic characters and a narrative story line. Figure 1: A Guest’s View of the Virtual Environment
Validation of Brunei’s Malay EQ-5D Questionnaire in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND
The Malay spoken in Brunei a South East Asian country where Malay is the national language is distinctive and different from Malay spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a Brunei Malay version of the 5-level EQ-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and to assess its psychometric properties among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


METHODS
The Brunei Malay EQ-5D-5L was developed by culturally adapting two existing Malay versions. A total of 154 Bruneians with T2DM completed the questionnaire in two different points of time with one week apart. Known-groups validity of the utility-based EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was evaluated by comparing subgroups of patients known to differ in health status. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Cohen's kappa.


RESULTS
As hypothesized, patients known to have 'better' health had higher EQ-5D-5L index scores than those having 'worse' health in all 7 known-groups comparisons. The hypothesized difference in the EQ-VAS scores was observed in only 4 of the 7 known-groups comparisons. Kappa values ranged from 0.206 to 0.446 for the EQ-5D-5L items; the ICC value for the EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS was 0.626 and 0.521, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The utility-based EQ-5D-5L index appears to be valid and reliable for measuring the health of Brunei patients with T2DM. The validity of the EQ-VAS in Brunei requires further investigation.
Analysis of number needed to treat for droxidopa in patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

BACKGROUND
Droxidopa is an orally active prodrug that significantly improved dizziness/lightheadedness measured using the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment (OHSA) Item 1 in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) caused by primary autonomic failure (Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure), dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, or nondiabetic autonomic neuropathy. The efficacy and safety of droxidopa were assessed by determining the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm (NNH).


METHODS
Data collected in randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies in adults with a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic nOH were pooled for efficacy and safety analyses. NNT and NNH were calculated as reciprocals of the risk difference (difference in event rates) for droxidopa versus placebo.


RESULTS
The NNT for droxidopa for improvement in OHSA Item 1 was <10. The NNH for adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation in the pooled studies was 81. The likelihood of being helped or harmed (LHH) calculated from pooled analysis of the NNT for ≥2 units of improvement in OHSA Item 1 score and the NNH for discontinuations due to AEs were 7.8, 8.8, 3.1, and 3.5 for weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 after randomization, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Droxidopa is efficacious for treatment of nOH, with an NNT below 10 and an acceptable tolerability profile with NNH ranging from 23 to 302 in the pooled analysis of frequently occurring AEs. Based on the LHH for the pooled analysis at week 1, droxidopa is 7.8 times more likely than placebo to show a clinical benefit than result in discontinuation because of an AE.


TRIAL REGISTRATIONS
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00782340 , first received October 29, 2008; NCT00633880 , first received March 5, 2008; and NCT01176240 , first received July 30, 2010.
Maternal Iodine Deficiency and Brain Disorders

Thyroid Hormones (THs) play an essential role in development and hormone deficiency during critical phases in fetal life may lead to severe and permanent brain damage. Maternal iodine deficiency is considered the most common cause of fetal TH deficiency, but the problem may also arise in the fetus/neonates. Due to defects in fetal thyroid gland development or hormone synthesis, clinical symptoms at birth are often mild as a result of compensatory maternal TH supply. A shortage of THs starting at the early stages of pregnancy results in neurological deficits that cannot be rescued by exogenous TH addition at later stages. Neonates are more sensitive than adults to the effects of iodine deficiency. Thus, these disturbances may lead to abnormalities in the neuronal network and may result in mental retardation and other neurological defects, including impaired motor skills and visual processing. Thus, iodine defenses programmes can avoid adverse neurodevelopmental consequences in mothers and their offspring. *Corresponding author: Ahmed RG, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Tel: 002-010-9147-1828; E-mail: ahmedragab08@gmail.com Received November 19, 2015; Accepted January 04, 2016; Published January 18, 2016 Citation: Ahmed RG (2016) Maternal Iodine Deficiency and Brain Disorders. Endocrinol Metab Syndr 5: 223. doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000223 Copyright: © 2016 Ahmed RG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Acute effects of glucose tablets on craving, withdrawal symptoms, and sustained attention in 12-h abstinent tobacco smokers

Rationale: Glucose administration may decrease desire to smoke in abstinent smokers. Moreover, glucose administration has been associated with improved performance on measures of attention in healthy humans but evidence remains modest. Objective: The present study aimed to determine whether reported craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms can be relieved, and sustained attention on the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task improved, with the administration of 12 g oral glucose in nicotine-deprived smokers. Methods: Forty-one smokers, abstinent for 12 h, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to examine the effect of glucose on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms, and attention. Participants completed the RVIP task once and then rated craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms before chewing four 3 g glucose tablets (experimental group) or four matched placebo tablets (control group). Following tablet consumption participants rated craving and withdrawal symptoms at 5-min intervals for 20 min. Subsequently a second RVIP task was performed, followed by a final rating of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Results: Any effect of glucose across time was not statistically significant on craving, withdrawal symptoms, or performance on the RVIP task. There were no differences between the groups in measures of 'satisfaction' or 'sickness'. Conclusion: The present study failed to find a significant effect of 12 g oral glucose on tobacco craving, withdrawal symptoms, or sustained attention in relatively young tobacco smokers after 12 h of tobacco abstinence.
Treating umbilical granuloma with topical clobetasol propionate cream at home is as effective as treating it with topical silver nitrate in the clinic.

AIM
There is a lack of evidence on the best treatment option for umbilical granuloma. The primary aim of this study was to compare three treatments for umbilical granuloma: standard treatment with topical silver nitrate, clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) and ethanol wipes. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether the treatment could be successfully administered by a parent at home, rather than in the outpatient clinic.


METHODS
A total of 109 infants were randomised to one of three groups and 94 infants completed the assigned treatment: 30 infants received standard treatment with silver nitrate (99%) in the outpatient clinic, 30 infants had topical clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) applied at home, and 34 infants received cleansing with ethanol wipes (82%) at home.


RESULTS
Silver nitrate and clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) were significantly superior to ethanol wipes, with shorter healing times and higher resolution rates (p = 0.0001). Healing time and resolution rates were identical for silver nitrate and clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%). Mild side effects were occasionally reported, all of which were self-limiting.


CONCLUSION
Treating umbilical granuloma with topical clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) at home is as effective as treating it with topical silver nitrate (99%) in the clinic.
Global analysis of Expectation Maximization for mixtures of two Gaussians

Expectation Maximization (EM) is among the most popular algorithms for estimating parameters of statistical models. However, EM, which is an iterative algorithm based on the maximum likelihood principle, is generally only guaranteed to find stationary points of the likelihood objective, and these points may be far from any maximizer. This article addresses this disconnect between the statistical principles behind EM and its algorithmic properties. Specifically, it provides a global analysis of EM for specific models in which the observations comprise an i.i.d. sample from a mixture of two Gaussians. This is achieved by (i) studying the sequence of parameters from idealized execution of EM in the infinite sample limit, and fully characterizing the limit points of the sequence in terms of the initial parameters; and then (ii) based on this convergence analysis, establishing statistical consistency (or lack thereof) for the actual sequence of parameters produced by EM.
nite_aura: An Audio-Visual Interactive Immersive Installation

nite_aura is an audio-visual interactive installation exploring physical, auditory and visual motion within an immersive environment. Many children imagine themselves flying through a night sky full of stars. Humans often whisper wishes to the stars. nite_aura embodies these memories and experiences allowing for visitors to whisper to the air and play with fields of stars surrounding them.
 The main structure is a hanging bell constructed of fiber optics and fabric. Participants enter the space by lifting one side, setting the bell in motion. Physical engagement is sustained by pulling cords from the ceiling or touching the glowing fiber optics that protrude into the bell surrounding the participant. The inside of the installation acts as a metaphor for private space, connecting infinite space and finite being, and acting as a pathway between sensual and virtual worlds.
 Organic patterns based on the bell's swing influence grains of light and sound to immerse the viewers.
 nite_aura's lights are soft and calm. Light affects our perception of emotion. Once the bell starts moving, points of light gently oscillate under the control of the participants; it seems that they are dancing in the end of a fiber optic thread trying to fly off. When participants touch the grains of light, they fluctuate and swirl, and are separated from the physical end of fiber optics and illusory light traces become visible.
 Granular synthesis and a set of resonant filters tuned to the harmonics of a bell are all controlled by the motion of the structure to produce the sound environment. The sounds made by each participant are recorded into an archive which contributes to this sonic ecosystem.
External validation of the Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale and M1-BASIS in thrombolyzed patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Radiological findings play an essential role in therapeutic decision making and prognostication in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale (BASIS) and Middle Cerebral Artery-BASIS (M1-BASIS) methodologies are rapid purely radiological instruments and easily applicable for patients with AIS. We validated these methods in patients with AIS treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.


METHODS
For BASIS, patients were labeled as having major stroke if there was occlusion of distal internal carotid artery, proximal (both M1 and M2 segments) of middle cerebral artery or the basilar artery, or an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score≤7. M1-BASIS differs from BASIS by classifying AIS patients with M2 occlusion as a minor stroke. We evaluated these classification systems for predicting functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1) at 3 months.


RESULTS
Two hundred sixty-five consecutive AIS patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator were included. On multivariate analysis, younger age (odds ratio, 1.039, 95% confidence interval, 1.009-1.070; P=0.011), lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 1.140; 95% confidence interval, 1.073-1.210; P<0.001), and minor stroke by M1-BASIS (odds ratio, 2.376; 95% confidence interval, 1.047-5.393; P=0.039) were independent predictors of good functional outcome. When compared with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the receiver operating characteristic curves for both BASIS (area under the curve, 0.721) and M1-BASIS (area under the curve, 0.795) correlated well with clinical severity scores. M1-BASIS has an additive effect with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score to predict good outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
The purely radiological M1-BASIS correlates well with the clinical severity of stroke and can be a reliable prognostication tool in thrombolyzed AIS patients. This system might find an important place in the current era of telestroke.
Inferring the meaning of chord sequences via lyrics

This paper discusses how meanings associated with chord sequences can be inferred from word associations based on lyrics. The approach works by analyzing in-line chord annotations of lyrics to maintain co-occurrence statistics for chords and lyrics. This is analogous to the way parallel corpora are analyzed in order to infer translation lexicons. The result can benefit musical discovery systems by modeling how the chord structure complements the lyrics.
Treatment of cardiovascular and renal risk factors in the diabetic hypertensive.

Case A 38-year-old black woman is see1n on referral from a family physician. Her medical records indicate that she has had type 2 diabetes diagnosed 3 years previously. She has been treated for her diabetes with diet and a sulfonylurea, Glucotrol X-L 10 mg daily. Her last glycohemoglobin 6 months ago was 8.8%. She has had hypertension for 10 years and is currently receiving 10 mg amlodipine daily, 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide daily, and 4 mg doxazosin every morning. In her records, her physician notes that her blood pressure (BP) has been relatively well controlled, with BPs generally 150/90 mm Hg. She had an EKG 1 year previously, which was remarkable only for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by voltage criteria. Her last total cholesterol was 230 mg/dL, with LDL cholesterol of 145 mg/dL. Her records indicated that she was not started on lipid therapy because her LDL was 150 mg/dL. She has a strong family history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease requiring dialysis.
What matters most? Students' rankings of simulation components that contribute to clinical judgment.

As the pedagogy of health care simulation matures, the level of guidance provided and types of simulation components included increasingly vary. To prepare students for professional practice, one university embedded Tanner's model of clinical judgment within the nursing curricula and integrated simulations. There was interest in seeking students' opinions of "what matters most" in the design and delivery of simulations, which may vary from the academic's viewpoint. Senior undergraduate nursing students (N = 150) from three types of study programs rated 11 simulation components in relation to clinical judgment. The three student groups rated all components above 2.9 on a 5-point Likert scale, with some variation across groups for component rankings. The highest ranking components for applying clinical judgment were facilitated debriefing, postsimulation reflection, and guidance by the academic. The lowest ranked components were patient case notes and briefing and orientation to the simulation area. Age and previous nursing experience did not influence the study variables.
Effects of tegaserod and erythromycin in upper gut dysmotility: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVES
Tegaserod may enhance upper gut transit, but, its prokinetic effects on antral/small bowel motility and how this compares with erythromycin is unknown. We prospectively assessed and compared the effects of tegaserod and erythromycin on upper gut motility.


METHODS
In an open label, non-crossover study, 22 patients (M/F=4/18; mean age=37 years) with symptoms of upper gut dysmotility underwent 24-hour ambulatory antroduodenojejunal manometry with a six-sensor solid state probe. The effects of 12 mg oral tegaserod were compared with 125 mg intravenous erythromycin by quantifying pressure wave activity and assessing motor patterns.


RESULTS
Motor activity increased (p<0.05) in antrum, duodenum and jejunum with both drugs when compared to baseline period. The motor response with tegaserod was higher (p<0.05) in jejunum and occurred during the second or third hours, whereas with erythromycin, it was higher (p<0.05) in antrum and occurred within 30 minutes. After tegaserod, a 'fed-response' like pattern was seen whereas after erythromycin, large amplitude (>100 mmHg) antral contractions at 3 cycles per minute were seen. Following tegaserod and erythromycin, phase III MMCs occurred in 12 (55%) and 8 (36%) patients respectively (p>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Both drugs increase upper gut motility and induce MMC's, but exert a differential response. Tegaserod produces a more sustained prokinetic effect in the duodenum/jejunum, whereas erythromycin predominantly increases antral motor activity.
On the embedding phase of the Hopcroft and Tarjan planarity testing algorithm

We give a detailed description of the embedding phase of the Hopcroft and Tarjan planarity testing algorithm. The embedding phase runs in linear time. An implementation based on this paper can be found in [MMN].
Trauma patients who present in a delayed fashion: a unique and challenging population.

BACKGROUND
A proportion of trauma patients present for evaluation in a delayed fashion after injury, likely due to a variety of medical and nonmedical reasons. There has been little investigation into the characteristics and outcomes of trauma patients who present delayed. We hypothesize that trauma patients who present in a delayed fashion are a unique population at risk of increased trauma-related complications.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective review from 2010-2015 at a Level I trauma center. Patients were termed delayed if they presented >24 hours after injury. Patients admitted within 24 hours of their injury were the comparison group. Charts were reviewed for demographics, mechanism, comorbidities, complications and outcomes. A subgroup analysis was done on patients who suffered falls.


RESULTS
During the 5-y period, 11,705 patients were admitted. A total of 588 patients (5%) presented >24 h after their injury. Patients in the delayed group were older (65 versus 55 y, P < 0.001) and more likely to have psychiatric comorbidities (33% vs. 24%, P = 0.0001) than the control group. They were also more likely to suffer substance withdrawal (8.9% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.001) but had toxicology testing for drugs and alcohol done at significantly lower rates. Patients that presented delayed after falls were similar in age and injury severity score (ISS) but more likely to suffer substance withdrawal when compared to those with falls that presented within 24 hours. Patients with falls that presented delayed had toxicology testing at significantly lower rates than the comparison group.


CONCLUSIONS
Trauma patients that present to the hospital in a delayed fashion have unique characteristics and are more likely to suffer negative outcomes including substance withdrawal. Future goals will include exploring strategies for early intervention, such as automatic withdrawal monitoring and social work referral for all patients who present in a delayed fashion.