LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in chronic fatigue syndrome

BACKGROUND
No somatic treatment has been found to be effective for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Antidepressant therapy is commonly used. Fluoxetine is recommended in preference to tricyclic agents because it has fewer sedative and autonomic nervous system effects. However, there have been no randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies showing the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy in CFS. We have carried out such a study to assess the effect of fluoxetine in depressed and non-depressed CFS patients.


METHODS
In this randomised, double-blind study, we recruited 44 patients to the depressed CFS group, and 52 to the non-depressed CFS group. In each group participants were randomly assigned to receive either fluoxetine (20 mg once daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. The effect of fluoxetine was assessed by questionnaires, self-observation lists, standard neuropsychological tests, and a motion-sensing device (Actometer), which were applied on the day treatment started and on the last day.


FINDINGS
The two groups were well matched in terms of age, sex distribution, employment and marital status, and duration of CFS. There were no significant differences between the placebo and fluoxetine-treated groups in the change during the 8-week treatment period for any dimension of CFS. There was no change in subjective assessments of fatigue, severity of depression, functional impairment, sleep disturbances, neuropsychological function, cognitions, or physical activity in the depressed or the non-depressed subgroup.


INTERPRETATION
Fluoxetine in a 20 mg daily dose does not have a beneficial effect on any characteristic of CFS. The lack of effect of fluoxetine on depressive symptoms in CFS suggests that processes underlying the presentation of depressive symptoms in CFS may differ from those in patients with major depressive disorder.
Tendon disorders of the hand.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Make decisions on flexor tendon repair based on current evidence. 2. Perform some important tendon transfers after viewing Dr. Kozin's videos. 3. Inject local anesthesia for wide-awake flexor tendon repair after viewing the appropriate videos in the article. 4. Use relative motion extension splints for the postoperative management of extensor tendon injuries.


SUMMARY
This article provides a practical, clinically useful overview of some of the current best techniques and evidence available to the plastic surgeon in the treatment of flexor and extensor tendon injuries, tendon transfers, trigger fingers, mallet fingers, boutonniere deformities, and De Quervain tenosynovitis. Twelve short movies and drawings emphasize important points of diagnosis and treatment of tendon disorders.
Microcontroller based sinusoidal PWM inverter for photovoltaic application

This paper represents the microcontroller based sinusoidal PWM inverter for photovoltaic application. The advantage of this inverter is the use of a low cost microcontroller that has built in PWM modules. Microcontroller PIC 18F4431 is able to store the required commands to generate the necessary PWM waveforms. The required dead time has been implemented low cost. The application of this inverter is to be either for stand-alone or for grid connected from a direct supply of photovoltaic (PV) Cells. In this paper how SPWM signal is generated by microcontroller and what are the features of described microcontroller is reviewed. Subsequently hardware configuration of the microcontroller, algorithm, flowchart, gate driver and isolation system are discussed. Finally the experimental results are shown in this paper.
Visuomotor performance based on peripheral vision is impaired in the visual form agnostic patient DF

The perception-action model states that visual information is processed in different cortical areas depending on the purpose for which the information is acquired. Specifically, it was suggested that the ventral stream mediates visual perception, whereas the dorsal stream primarily processes visual information for the guidance of actions (Goodale & Milner, 1992). Evidence for the model comes from patient studies showing that patients with ventral stream damage (visual form agnosia) and patients with dorsal stream damage (optic ataxia) show divergent performance in action and perception tasks. Whereas DF, a patient suffering from visual form agnosia, was found to perform well in visuomotor tasks despite her inability to use vision for perceptual tasks, patients with optic ataxia show usually the opposite pattern, i.e. good perception but impaired visuomotor control. The finding that both disorders seem to provoke a mirror-reversed pattern of spared and impaired visual functions, led to the belief that optic ataxia and visual form agnosia can be considered as complementary disorders. However, the visuomotor performance of patients with optic ataxia is typically only impaired when they are tested in visual periphery while being often preserved when tested in central vision. Here, we show that DF's visuomotor performance is also only preserved when the target is presented centrally. Her reaching and grasping movements to targets in peripheral vision are abnormal. Our findings indicate that DF's visuomotor performance is quite similar to the visuomotor performance of patients with optic ataxia which undermines previous suggestions that the two disorders form a double-dissociation.
Perceived interactivity leading to e-loyalty: Development of a model for cognitive-affective user responses

Novel applications of website interactivity are important to attract and retain online users. In this empirical study five designs for interactivity are examined using different web-poll interfaces. The goal of the investigation is to examine perceived interactivity in a model which includes most commonly tested cognitive elements such as efficiency and effectiveness, but augments this model with the inclusion of a cognitive–affective element for trust, and an affective element of enjoyment. More specifically, a model is created to validate the relationship of perceived interactivity (comprised of user control, user connectedness, and responsiveness of the web-poll application) to efficiency, effectiveness, trust and enjoyment, of the website. In turn, efficiency, effectiveness, trust, and enjoyment are tested for their influence on user behavioral intentions for e-loyalty. All relationships in the model are supported. In addition, exploratory evaluation of qualitative comments is conducted to investigate additional insights between the five web-poll treatments in this investigation. The research confirms the complexity of a model in which cognitive, cognitive–affective and affective elements are present, and advances knowledge on the consequences of perceived interactivity. In additional to theoretical advancements, the research has merit for web designers and online marketers regarding how to enhance interactive online web applications. r 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM): A Review

Electro discharge machining (EDM) process is a non-conventional and non-contact machining operation which is used in industry for high precision products. EDM is known for machining hard and brittle conductive materials since it can melt any electrically conductive material regardless of its hardness. The workpiece machined by EDM depends on thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and melting points of the materials. The tool and the workpiece are adequately both immersed in a dielectric medium, such as, kerosene, deionised water or any other suitable fluid. This paper provides an important review on different types of EDM operations. A brief discussion is also done on the machining responses and mathematical modelling.
Smile attractiveness. Self-perception and influence on personality.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate self-perception of smile attractiveness and to determine the role of smile line and other aspects correlated with smile attractiveness and their influence on personality traits.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Participants judged their smile attractiveness with a patient-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a spontaneous smiling photograph of the participant. Objective smile-line height was measured using a digital videographic method for smile analysis. Personality was assessed with the Dutch Personality Index.


RESULTS
Cronbach's alpha for the smile judgment questionnaire was .77. The results showed that size of teeth, visibility of teeth, and upper lip position were critical factors in self-perception of smile attractiveness (social dimension). Color of teeth and gingival display were critical factors in satisfaction with smile appearance (individual dimension). Participants, smiling with teeth entirely displayed and some gingival display (two to four millimeters), perceived their smile line as most esthetic. Smiles with disproportional gingival display were judged negatively and correlated with the personality characteristics of neuroticism and self-esteem. Visibility and position of teeth correlated with dominance.


CONCLUSION
The results of this research underpin the psychosocial importance and the dental significance of an attractive smile.
Understanding Cryptography

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Bending the Curve: Toward global sustainability

Named after the star that guided voyagers through uncharted waters, the multi-year PoleStar Project addresses critical aspects of the transition to sustainability. Scenario analysis illuminates long-range problems and possibilities at global, regional, national and local levels. Capacity building strengthens professional capabilities for a new era of development. Policy studies fashion strategies and actions. The PoleStar System © provides a user-friendly tool for organizing pertinent data, formulating scenarios, and evaluating strategies for sustainable development. For more information, visit The Global Scenario Group engages a diverse group of development professionals in a long-term commitment to examining the requirements for sustainability. The GSG is an independent, international and inter-disciplinary body, representing a variety of geographic and professional experiences. Its work program includes global and regional scenario development, policy analysis and public education. The diversity and continuity of the GSG offer a unique resource for the research and policy communities. The GSG pursues its objectives through research, publication and collaboration with regional sustainable development projects. This report relies on the scenario framework developed in Branch Points: Global Scenarios and Human Choice (PoleStar #7) to examine alternative global futures. A companion document (PoleStar #9) provides technical details. For reports and more information, visit No part of this report may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without the written permission of the publisher. Front cover photo: View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17. NASA/NSSDC. DEDICATION As this document was going to print, we learned of the untimely passing of Katsuo Seiki. The world has lost a great champion for a just and liveable future, and we have lost a close colleague and friend. He will live on in the work of those he inspired.
Unexpected nocturnal hypoxia in patients with acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Patients who have had a stroke are at risk of hypoxia through alterations in the central regulation of respiration, through aspiration, and through respiratory muscle weakness. Sleep-related breathing disorders are common and may lead to episodes of nocturnal hypoxia even when daytime oxygenation is normal. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of unexpected nocturnal hypoxia in stroke patients.


METHODS
Consecutive adult patients with stroke were recruited within 72 hours of admission to hospital. Patients with indications for oxygen treatment were excluded. Older adults from the local community were recruited as control subjects. Oxygenation was assessed by pulse oximetry (Minolta 3i) for 5 minutes when awake before bedtime and continuously from 11 pm until 7 am.


RESULTS
Of the 238 potentially eligible stroke patients, 120 were excluded because they required oxygen, 118 were recruited, and 100 had adequate pulse oximetry data. The mean+/-SD age was 74+/-8 years for stroke patients and 72+/-8 years for control subjects (n=85). Mean awake oxygen saturation (So2) was 94.5+/-1.7% for the stroke group and 95.8+/-1.7% for the control group (P<0.001). Mean nocturnal So2 was 93.5+/-1.9% in stroke patients and 94.3+/-1.9% in control subjects (P<0.01). Stroke patients had a higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI 4%) (8.9 versus 2.1, P<0.001). In addition, 23% of stroke patients spent >30 minutes with So2 <90% during the night.


CONCLUSIONS
Oxygen saturation at night is approximately 1% lower than when awake. Almost a quarter of stroke patients who are normoxic at screening during the day spend >30 minutes with an oxygen saturation <90%.
Automated UI & UX Framework

A consistent UI leaves an overall impression on user’s psychology, aesthetics and taste. Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how humans interact with computer systems. Many disciplines contribute to HCI, including computer science, psychology, ergonomics, engineering, and graphic design. HCI is a broad term that covers all aspects of the way in which people interact with computers. In their daily lives, people are coming into contact with an increasing number of computer-based technologies. Some of these computer systems, such as personal computers, we use directly. We come into contact with other systems less directly — for example, we have all seen cashiers use laser scanners and digital cash registers when we shop. We have taken the same but in extensible line and made more solid justified by linking with other scientific pillars and concluded some of the best holistic base work for future innovations. It is done by inspecting various theories of Colour, Shape, Wave, Fonts, Design language and other miscellaneous theories in detail. Keywords— Karamvir Singh Rajpal, Mandeep Singh Rajpal, User Interface, User Experience, Design, Frontend, Neonex Technology,
Are hospitalized patients with fragile fractures managed properly in relation to underlying osteoporosis?

BACKGROUND
Osteoporotic fractures are an important reason of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and impose huge economic burden on health services. There have been major advances in the treatment of osteoporosis, and many steps can be taken to prevent or even reduce the risk of fractures. Orthopedic surgeons manage most of these fractures and are often the only clinician seen by the patient.


METHODS
We performed a survey of 515 patients with osteoporotic fractures who were admitted to 3 level I trauma hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Patients were evaluated with a questionnaire to determine whether orthopedic surgeons informed their patients about aspects of osteoporosis other than their fracture, and if appropriate, evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis were initiated. The questionnaires were completed in 2 years (mean) from their admissions.


RESULTS
Only 10.5% patients reported that they had been told by an orthopedic surgeon that they had osteoporosis. Only 3.3% had bone mineral density appointments. Few had received treatment for osteoporosis-only 8.2% of patients had been treated with calcium and vitamin D, and 3.5% with a bisphosphonate.


DISCUSSION
We believe that the majority of the orthopedic surgeons lacked sufficient training in osteoporosis; therefore, engaging other providers in their healthcare system can create a pathway for the assessment and treatment of osteoporosis, to guarantee the patient the best care.
Exposure to aggression and the impact on staff in a child and adolescent inpatient unit.

Aggression is common in mental health services, but little research has examined exposure to aggression and its impact on staff in children and adolescent settings. Staff members within a child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit were interviewed to examine exposure to aggression and perceptions about the impact of aggression. Involvement in episodes of physical aggression was common (84.8%, 28/33) and was linked to difficulty attending work and other emotional and professional sequelae. These findings suggest that aggression is an important issue for staff working in child and adolescent settings and that aggression may impair the therapeutic capacity of staff.
Analysis of driver behavior based on traffic incidents for driver monitor systems

Research is being conducted into a large number of on-board driver monitor systems as a means of reducing traffic accidents. In order to improve the effectiveness of these systems, it is necessary to detect the driver behavior and mental and physical state immediately before an accident, and to inform or warn the driver of the danger, or else to send an intervention signal to the pre-crash safety system and other advanced vehicle safety systems. Previous research has been conducted for conditions of apparent risk, and has used drive recorders to analyze the causes of accidents and to investigate and analyze driver behavior and other factors which are present immediately before an accident. This study involved an investigation of near-miss accidents (hereafter referred to as ldquoincidentsrdquo) by means of interviews in order to determine the driver behavior and mental and physical state immediately before the incident, when there was the potential risk of an accident. The purpose of this study is to contribute to research concerning advanced vehicle safety systems. We will here provide an analysis of the results and propose direction for future research concerning driver monitor systems.
Co-ordering and Type 2 co-ordering

In [arXiv:1006.4939] the enumeration order reducibility is defined on natural numbers. For a c.e. set A, [A] denoted the class of all subsets of natural numbers which are co-order with A. In definition 5 we redefine co-ordering for rational numbers. One of the main questions there, was: "For a specific c.e. set A, consider set of all enumerations of it which is generated by some Turing machine {TM_A} what are the associated order types in [A]?" Here, we propose the same question for rational numbers, and we try to investigate the varieties of c.e. sets on Q. The theories here are hold for R_c and we could repeat the same theories in this domain, in a parallel way.
Evaluating the effectiveness of reasoning training in military and civilian chronic traumatic brain injury patients: study protocol

BACKGROUND
Individuals who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often continue to experience significant impairment of cognitive functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex well into chronic stages of recovery. Traditional brain training programs that focus on improving specific skills fall short of addressing integrative functions that draw upon multiple higher-order processes critical for social and vocational integration. In the current study, we compare the effects of two short-term, intensive, group-based cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic TBI. One program emphasizes learning about brain functions and influences on cognition, while the other program adopts a top-down approach to improve abstract reasoning abilities that are largely reliant on the prefrontal cortex. These treatment programs are evaluated in civilian and military veteran TBI populations.


METHODS/DESIGN
One hundred individuals are being enrolled in this double-blinded clinical trial (all measures and data analyses will be conducted by blinded raters and analysts). Each individual is randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, with each condition run in groups of five to seven individuals. The primary anticipated outcomes are improvement in abstract reasoning and everyday life functioning, measured through behavioral tasks and questionnaires, and attention modulation, as measured by functional neuroimaging. Secondary expected outcomes include improvements in the cognitive processes of working memory, attention, and inhibitory control.


DISCUSSION
Results of this trial will determine whether cognitive rehabilitation aimed at teaching TBI-relevant information about the brain and cognition versus training in TBI-affected thinking abilities (e.g., memory, attention, and executive functioning) can improve outcomes in chronic military and civilian TBI patient populations. It should shed light on the nature of improvements and the characteristics of patients most likely to benefit. This trial will also provide information about the sustainability of treatment-related improvements 3 months post-training.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01552473.
The sedimentary trough of the Rhine graben

Abstract Accurate knowledge of the sediments in the Rhine graben is not only essential for proper corrections of geophysical data but it provides the main tool to reconstruct the development of the graben in time and space. A large number of borehole data and reflexion seismic results have been made available by mining and oil prospecting companies. Depth charts of the basis of Tertiary sediments of different Mesozoic layers and sometimes of the surface of the crystalline basement have been designed. Longitudinal and cross sections of the trough show tectonic features in detail e.g. the north-south tilting, the basins and sills within the rift, the existence of deeper depressions at the edges of the rift. Aeromagnetic and gravity data are used for additional evidence.