LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with conservative surgery and postoperative irradiation

Aim of the study: To evaluate the quality of life (QL) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with conservative surgery and postoperative irradiation. Material and methods: A self‐completed questionnaire covering many disease‐, symptom‐, and treatment‐specific issues was administered to 106 conservatively treated patients affected by non‐infiltrating breast cancer. The questionnaire was based on a series of 34 items assessing five main fields of post‐treatment adjustment: physical well being, sexual adaptation, aesthetic outcome, emotional/psychological well being, relational behaviour. Furthermore, the patients were requested to evaluate the degree of information provided by the medical staff concerning surgical procedures and radiation therapy, and to evaluate the effects of the treatment on their social and overall life. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 83 patients (78%), who had a median follow‐up of 54.5 months. This final sample had a median age of 50 years (range 29–88) at the time of treatment and 54 years (range 32–94) at the time of study. The patients claimed to be in good physical condition. Data relating to sexual life were provided by 93% of the sample. Some limitations in sexuality, some interference with sexual desire, and some modifications during intercourse were reported by 5, 6, and 5 patients, respectively. The subjective evaluations of the cosmetic results of the therapies were generally good. Only 13 patients (16%) reported the perception of a worsened body image. Forty‐six percent of the sample (38 patients) declared that they felt tense, 48% (39 patients) nervous, 29% (38 patients) lonely, 59% (41 patients) anxious, and 41% (34 patients) depressed. Only seven patients (8%) declared that the treatment had had a bad effect on their social life, and 15 (18%) thought that their current life had been affected by the treatment. The amount of information received concerning the disease and treatment (surgery and radiotherapy) was considered sufficient by 79%, 75%, and 79% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed a good QL in patients treated with breast conservation and postoperative irradiation, with a preserved favourable body image and a lack of negative impact on sexuality. Radiation therapy did not lead to any significant additional problems capable of affecting the QL.
NO Need to Worry about Adversarial Examples in Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles

It has been shown that most machine learning algorithms are susceptible to adversarial perturbations. Slightly perturbing an image in a carefully chosen direction in the image space may cause a trained neural network model to misclassify it. Recently, it was shown that physical adversarial examples exist: printing perturbed images then taking pictures of them would still result in misclassification. This raises security and safety concerns. However, these experiments ignore a crucial property of physical objects: the camera can view objects from different distances and at different angles. In this paper, we show experiments that suggest that current constructions of physical adversarial examples do not disrupt object detection from a moving platform. Instead, a trained neural network classifies most of the pictures taken from different distances and angles of a perturbed image correctly. We believe this is because the adversarial property of the perturbation is sensitive to the scale at which the perturbed picture is viewed, so (for example) an autonomous car will misclassify a stop sign only from a small range of distances. Our work raises an important question: can one construct examples that are adversarial for many or most viewing conditions? If so, the construction should offer very significant insights into the internal representation of patterns by deep networks. If not, there is a good prospect that adversarial examples can be reduced to a curiosity with little practical impact.
Crescimento e níveis de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos em cultivares de Vigna unguiculata submetidos à salinidade

(Growth and organic and inorganic solute contents in NaCl-stressed cultivars of Vigna unguiculata). The effects of NaCl-salinity on growth and on organic and inorganic solute contents were analyzed in seven cowpea cultivars grown in a greenhouse. The test plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution in which at day 14 after sowing NaCl was added for three consecutive days in 25 mM concentration to a total of 75 mM. Control plants remained in the nutrient solution and harvesting was done at day 33. Salt stress reduced the dry mass of all cultivars, however the Pitiúba and Vita 5 were the most tolerant whereas TVU the most sensible. Leaf suculence and the sclerose index correlated well with the salt tolerance degree but increased significantly with the increasing salt concentration only in the most tolerant cultivars. By contrast, root/shoot dry mass increased only in the less tolerant cultivars. Overall, shoot content of both Na+ and Cl– increased in response to salinity but accumulated drastically only in the more sensible cultivars, particularly in TVU. In leaves, K+ content was higher than Na+ and Cl– contents but none of there were significantly affected by the salt stress. Consequently the Na+/K+ ratio was higher in the most sensible cultivars. This may represent an important factor for the growth reduction observed in the stressed plants. With regard to proline, soluble carbohydrate and N-amino solutes were not related among their contents and the degree of NaCl tolerance in the cultivars used in the study.
Associations between organized sports participation and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and weight status in youth.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine whether participation in organized sports is related to achieving physical activity recommendations, body mass index (BMI), objectively measured PA intensity and time spent sedentary.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
The sample comprised 973 children and adolescents (427 boys, 546 girls) aged 10-18 years (Mage=14.1±2.4). Organized sport was self-reported. Physical activity and time spent in moderate and vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary time was assessed with accelerometers.


RESULTS
More boys (51.3%) than girls (28.3%) reported to be involved in organized sports participation (p<0.001). Those who were engaged in organized sports were more likely to achieve physical activity guidelines (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.14-2.35, p<0.01), spent more time in MPA (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, p<0.01), VPA (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, p<0.001), and MVPA (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, p<0.001) than those who did not participate in organized sports. No associations between organised sport participation and time spent sedentary or BMI was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Engagement in organized sports is related to higher levels of objectively measured MPA, VPA and achieving the recommended levels of MVPA in youth; however participation in sports appears unrelated to time spent sedentary and BMI. Our results suggest that promoting organised sport may increase physical activity of at least moderate intensity in young people.
A familial risk enriched cohort as a platform for testing early interventions to prevent severe mental illness

BACKGROUND
Severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and severe depression, is responsible for a substantial proportion of disability in the population. This article describes the aims and design of a research study that takes a novel approach to targeted prevention of SMI. It is based on the rationale that early developmental antecedents to SMI are likely to be more malleable than fully developed mood or psychotic disorders and that low-risk interventions targeting antecedents may reduce the risk of SMI.


METHODS/DESIGN
Families Overcoming Risks and Building Opportunities for Well-being (FORBOW) is an accelerated cohort study that includes a large proportion of offspring of parents with SMI and embeds intervention trials in a cohort multiple randomized controlled trial (cmRCT) design. Antecedents are conditions of the individual that are distressing but not severely impairing, predict SMI with moderate-to-large effect sizes and precede the onset of SMI by at least several years. FORBOW focuses on the following antecedents: affective lability, anxiety, psychotic-like experiences, basic symptoms, sleep problems, somatic symptoms, cannabis use and cognitive delay. Enrolment of offspring over a broad age range (0 to 21 years) will allow researchers to draw conclusions on a longer developmental period from a study of shorter duration. Annual assessments cover a full range of psychopathology, cognitive abilities, eligibility criteria for interventions and outcomes. Pre-emptive early interventions (PEI) will include skill training for parents of younger children and courses in emotional well-being skills based on cognitive behavioural therapy for older children and youth. A sample enriched for familial risk of SMI will enhance statistical power for testing the efficacy of PEI.


DISCUSSION
FORBOW offers a platform for efficient and unbiased testing of interventions selected according to best available evidence. Since few differences exist between familial and 'sporadic' SMI, the same interventions are likely to be effective in the general population. Comparison of short-term efficacy of PEI on antecedents and the long term efficacy for preventing the onset of SMI will provide an experimental test of the etiological role of antecedents in the development of SMI.
Protecting Industry 4 . 0 against Advanced Persistent Threats

The SADCIP project has arisen from the need to deal with increasingly intelligent and autonomous industrial and monitoring systems, capable of collaborating with each other to meet a common objective: provide efficient and real-time manufacturing and logistics from anywhere, at any time and anyhow [1]. However, any new condition that implies open communication with the Internet and the adaptation of heterogeneous (wireless) systems can, certainly, bring about numerous interoperability and security problems [2]. What types of problems? From a slight fault or anomaly within the operational applications, to massive and distributed attacks of a subtle and potentially damaging nature. Such problems can even have an aggressive effect on the welfare of other critical infrastructures. It is not the same to protect all those operational elements involved in the construction of each component that forms, for example, a bicycle, as the components that comprise a system of transport of greater reach, such as, a plane or a train. Therefore, it is self-evident that there is a relationship between the need to protect todays industry and the need to ensure protection, at all levels, of the rest of the dependent, critical infrastructures. In addition, this characteristic underlines the criticality degree of a new paradigm related to the Internet of Things known as Industry 4.0, which in itself, can also be considered as a critical infrastructure. Industry 4.0 (cf. Figure 1) constitutes a technological progress within the traditional industry. Here, both novel and existing systems coexist and share, in a centralized or decentralized way, resources, data and actions. As a result, novel services are enabled, and efficiency is increased. However, the nature of this context makes it difficult to trust fully on the goodness of the whole system, as multiple vulnerabilities are born mainly because of its complexity and heterogeneity. Moreover, in this particular context, one of the most dangerous threats are advanced persistent threats, or APTs. Therefore, SADCIP looks towards improving the state of the art, trying to find the necessary tools to a) monitor the technical capacities of the operational elements in the field, and b) detect relative evidence that, if applicable, should be addressed through optimal proactive response systems [3].
The applicability of motor learning to neurorehabilitation

Statements to the effect that recovery is a form of learning or relearning are commonplace in the field of neurorehabilitation. In this chapter, motor training will refer to what is done to the patient and motor learning will refer to what the patient may do in response. This distinction is important—just because training is happening does not mean that anything is being learned. The relearning premise for neurorehabilitation is based on three other a priori assumptions. First, that the nature of the deficit to be rehabilitated through learning is known. Second, that the kind of motor learning that should be targeted by training is known. Third, that patients after stroke have an intact learning capacity despite impaired performance. In this chapter the focus will be mainly on rehabilitation of arm paresis after stroke, which results from damage to motor cortical areas and/ or their descending pathways. This narrower focus is essential if the topic of learning and neurorehabilitation is to remain within the bounds of a single chapter. That said it is hoped that the general principles introduced here, which will be emphasized over details, are broadly applicable across the range of post-stroke impairments and to other neurological conditions. Arm paresis after stroke refers to loss of strength and motor control, along with changes in phasic and tonic muscle tone [1] . Non-neural peripheral changes in muscle, joint and tendon properties can also contribute to the paresis phenotype. In this chapter it will be assumed that treatments for strength, tone (spasticity) and contractures are not based on motor learning principles and so will not be addressed further. Note again that one can train for strength but this is not motor learning. Thus, the starting point for this chapter is that when learning is invoked it implies either improving motor control or finding alternative compensatory strategies with effectors/joints/muscles in which motor control remains relatively intact; in either case, response to training is assumed to have mechanistic commonalities with motor learning in healthy subjects. It will become apparent after reading this chapter that the assumption that one can equate recovery and motor learning is subject to several fundamental caveats.
Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory for Video Description

Video captioning has been attracting broad research attention in multimedia community. However, most existing approaches either ignore temporal information among video frames or just employ local contextual temporal knowledge. In this work, we propose a novel video captioning framework, termed as \emph{Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory} (BiLSTM), which deeply captures bidirectional global temporal structure in video. Specifically, we first devise a joint visual modelling approach to encode video data by combining a forward LSTM pass, a backward LSTM pass, together with visual features from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Then, we inject the derived video representation into the subsequent language model for initialization. The benefits are in two folds: 1) comprehensively preserving sequential and visual information; and 2) adaptively learning dense visual features and sparse semantic representations for videos and sentences, respectively. We verify the effectiveness of our proposed video captioning framework on a commonly-used benchmark, i.e., Microsoft Video Description (MSVD) corpus, and the experimental results demonstrate that the superiority of the proposed approach as compared to several state-of-the-art methods.
Ethical challenges in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain: negotiating through the cloud of doubt.

UNLABELLED
After successful cancer pain initiatives, efforts have been recently made to liberalize the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain. However, the goals for this treatment and its place among other available treatments are still unclear. Cancer pain treatment is aimed at patient comfort and is validated by objective disease severity. For chronic nonmalignant pain, however, comfort alone is not an adequate treatment goal, and pain is not usually proportional to objective disease severity. Therefore, confusion about treatment goals and doubts about the reality of nonmalignant pain entangle therapeutic efforts. We present a case history to demonstrate that this lack of proportionality fosters fears about malingering, exaggeration, and psychogenic pain among providers. Doubt concerning the reality of patients' unrelieved chronic nonmalignant pain has allowed concerns about addiction to dominate discussions of treatment. We propose alternate patient-centered principles to guide efforts to relieve chronic nonmalignant pain, including accept all patient pain reports as valid but negotiate treatment goals early in care, avoid harming patients, and incorporate chronic opioids as one part of the treatment plan if they improve the patient's overall health-related quality of life. Although an outright ban on opioid use in chronic nonmalignant pain is no longer ethically acceptable, ensuring that opioids provide overall benefit to patients requires significant time and skill. Patients with chronic nonmalignant pain should be assessed and treated for concurrent psychiatric disorders, but those with disorders are entitled to equivalent efforts at pain relief. The essential question is not whether chronic nonmalignant pain is real or proportional to objective disease severity, but how it should be managed so that the patient's overall quality of life is optimized.


PERSPECTIVE
The management of chronic nonmalignant pain is moving from specialty settings into primary care. Primary care providers need an ethical framework within which to adopt the principles of palliative care to this population.
Kinetic study of continuous whey permeate fermentation by immobilized Lactobacillus helveticus for lactic acid production

A pH-controlled continuous lactic acid fermentation of whey permeate supplemented with yeast extract was carried out with Lactobacillus helveticus entrapped in K-carrageenan-locust bean gum gel beads at various dilution rates and pH set points. A kinetic study of the immobilized cell continuous fermentation in a 1-I stirred-tank reactor containing 33% (v/v) gel beads was carried out with an original experimental device, consisting of a 110-ml second-stage free-cell fermenter This second stage was assumed to reflect the physiological behavior of the free-cell phase in the immobilized-cell bioreactor. A maximum lactic acid production rate of 28.5 g l 1 h l was measured at pH 5.5 and dilution rate 1.21 h -1 for the immobilized-cell bioreactor. The overall specific growth rate and the specific lactic acid production rate of entrapped cells were 12-18% those of free cells in the reactor. This low activity may result from the presence of high inhibition in the central part of the beads as a result of substrate, product, and pH gradients. However, entrapped cells were responsible for 75-85% of the lactic acid and biomass productions within the immobilized cell fermenter at pH 4. 7-6.3 and close to 90% at pH 4.3.
Sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in relation to a medial knee ligament repair or reconstruction

Surgical approaches to repair or reconstruct the medial knee structures note caution to avoid the sartorial branch of saphenous nerve. However, the approximate area of potential iatrogenic nerve injury has not been previously described in relation to landmarks for a medial knee reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to define the course of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in relation to the superficial medial collateral ligament. A total of ten non-paired, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees, with no evidence of prior injury or disease were utilized. Dissection to identify the medial knee structures was performed. The sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve was identified in all specimens. The perpendicular distance from the anterior border of the superficial medial collateral ligament 2 cm distal from the joint line to the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve was 4.8 ± 0.9 cm. The distance from the anterior border of the superficial medial collateral ligament to the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve decreased as the distance was increased distally with a mean distance of 4 cm (4.1 ± 0.8 cm) distal from the joint line and 6 cm (3.8 ± 0.8 cm) distal from the joint line. We have characterized the surgically relevant landmark anatomy of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in regards to performing a repair or reconstruction of the medial knee structures. Familiarity with these anatomic landmarks and associated distances from the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve, we can assess the potential area of vulnerability to this nerve branch intraoperatively.
Distributed creative cognition in digital filmmaking

This paper reports on an empirical study that uses a Grounded Theory approach to investigate the creative practices of Machinima filmmakers. Machinima is a new digital film production technique that uses the 3D graphics and real time rendering capability of video game engines to create films. In contrast to practices used in traditional film production, we've found that Machinima filmmakers explore and evaluate ideas in real time. These filmmakers generate vague and underspecified mental images, which are then explored and refined using the real time rendering capabilities of game engines. The game engine assists the filmmaker to fill in indeterminate details, which allows creative exploration of scenes through playfully experimenting with parameters such as camera angle and position, lighting, and character position. Creative exploration distributes the cognitive task of evaluation between the human user and the Machinima tool to enable evaluation through exploring possible scene configurations.
Blood and Ink! The Common-Interest-Game Between Terrorists and the Media

It has often been pointed out in the literature that a symbiotic relationship exists between terrorist groups and the media. As yet, however, no formal model has been built based on this issue and only very little empirical research has been done in this field. The present contribution builds a simple game theoretic model, focussing on the strategic interactions between terrorists and the media. The model has features of a common-interest-game and results in multiple equilibria. After a discussion of the policy implications of the model, an empirical analysis is performed. Using newspaper coverage, terror incidents and terror fatalities data, it is shown that media attention and terrorism do mutually Granger cause each other, as predicted by the model. Moreover, it is explained why terror attacks tend to be “bloodier” in developing countries than in Europe and the United States.