LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Search-Based Software Project Management

Project management presents the manager with a complex set of related optimisation problems. Decisions made can more profoundly affect the outcome of a project than any other activity. In the chapter, we provide an overview of Search-Based Software Project Management, in which Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is applied to problems in software project management. We show how SBSE has been used to attack the problems of staffing, scheduling, risk, and effort estimation. SBSE can help to solve the optimisation problems the manager faces, but it can also yield insight. SBSE therefore provides both decision making and decision support. We provide a comprehensive survey of Search-Based Software Project Management, and give directions for the development of this subfield of SBSE.
Testing Docker Performance for HPC Applications

The main goal for this article is to compare performance penalties when using KVM virtualization and Docker containers for creating isolated environments for HPC applications. The article provides both data obtained using synthetic tests (High Performance Linpack) and real life applications (OpenFOAM). The article highlights the influence on performance of major infrastructure configuration options – CPU type presented to VM, networking connection type used.
Psychological Treatment of Food Refusal in Young Children

Feeding and eating problems in young children are the result of a complex aetiology that often combines biological and psychological factors. The aim of this review is to describe psychological techniques of intervention used in the management of eating problems in young children that draw on a number of theoretical approaches and should be applied within a developmental framework.
Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activities.

OBJECTIVE
The authors report the adaptive functioning of hyperactive and control children in southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee) followed to young adulthood.


METHOD
Interviews with participants concerning major life activities were collected between 1992 and 1996 and used along with employer ratings and high school records at the young adult follow-up (mean = 20 years, range 19-25) for this large sample of hyperactive (H; n = 149) and community control (CC; n = 72) children initially seen in 1978-1980 and studied for at least 13 years. Age, duration of follow-up, and IQ were statistically controlled as needed.


RESULTS
The H group had significantly lower educational performance and attainment, with 32% failing to complete high school. H group members had been fired from more jobs and manifested greater employer-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and lower job performance than the CC group. Socially, the H group had fewer close friends, more trouble keeping friends, and more social problems as rated by parents. Far more H than CC group members had become parents (38% versus 4%) and had been treated for sexually transmitted disease (16% versus 4%). Severity of lifetime conduct disorder was predictive of several of the most salient outcomes (failure to graduate, earlier sexual intercourse, early parenthood) whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder at work were predictive of job performance and risk of being fired.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings corroborate prior research and go further in identifying sexual activity and early parenthood as additional problematic domains of adaptive functioning at adulthood.
Dengue Fever: A Statistical Analysis Regarding Awareness about Dengue among University Students in Azad Kashmir

Background: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, is considered to be a significant threat for the mankind in both developing and developed countries. WHO recommends the best way to prevent dengue endemic is to provide knowledge about dengue and preventive measures to people. Despite the efforts to prevent dengue virus, recent national survey data indicates that prevalence of dengue among population is still on the rise. Objective: To assess the knowledge of university students about dengue and preventive measures, to know association of awareness about dengue determinants of knowledge of dengue infection in students of University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: Quantitative method was used to get meaningful detailed information. The sample was selected by using random sampling technique. For the present study, sample of 365 students of University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir was taken to explore the research objectives through pre-designed interview schedule. Knowledge of dengue fever and the use of preventive measures were measured by means of structured questionnaire. Differences in knowledge of dengue fever and the use of preventive measures between risk groups were calculated by chisquare test and logistic regression were used for identification of determinant of knowledge. Results: The study found that students had good knowledge about dengue. Of 365 of students, 97% student had knowledge of dengue and 67.7% had awareness about its mode of transmission. In multivariate analyses, knowledge of dengue significantly differed by age, sex, and region (P<0.05) the students with age above 25 knew more about dengue than the others Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.076 for the age group above 25 compared with people age group 15-20. In comparison with reference group, knowledge of dengue was significantly higher among females students (OR: 2.222), but lower among male students. Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of the study population had good knowledge of dengue but the students with qualification group intermediate and graduate had relatively little knowledge of dengue. Therefore, these groups need special attention in future health education programmes. Students with knowledge of the disease more frequently reported the use of preventive measures than the others. In addition, this study recommends a concerted effort by all the stakeholders to increase knowledge of people about dengue which can in turn decrease the risk of dengue infection.
Noise exposure, awareness, attitudes and use of hearing protection in a steel rolling mill in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES
To study exposure to noise, the attitudes and knowledge towards noise-induced hearing loss and the actual use of hearing protection in a steel rolling mill in Nigeria.


METHODS
A structured questionnaire was administered to 116 randomly selected workers to collect information relating to their knowledge and attitudes towards hazardous occupational noise and preventative measures. Noise mapping of the factory was also carried out.


RESULTS
Time weighted average noise levels were: administrative area 49 dBA, mechanic/maintenance workshop 72 dBA, mill floor 86 dBA and finishing stage 93 dBA. There was high awareness of the hazard of noise to hearing (93%) and of methods of prevention (92%) but only 27% possessed hearing protectors and only 28% of these stated that they used them all the time.


CONCLUSION
While noise is recognized as a hazard, initiatives are required to increase use of effective preventative measures.
Utilizing Criteria to Reduce a Set of Test Cases for Expert System Validation

for Expert System Validation Thomas Abel Faculty of Computer Science and Automation Dept. of Arti cial Intelligence, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany Thomas.Abel@TheoInf.TU-Ilmenau.de Avelino Gonzalez College of Engineering Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL ajg@ece.engr.ucf.edu Abstract In practice it is important to provide assurances of performance for a developed system. This can only be done if its quality can be guaranteed. Validity is one fundamental requirement to assure a system's quality. Considering the problems of Knowledge Acquisition as the rst AI{Bottleneck the di culties arising during the validation process can be considered as a second one in the commercialisation of expert systems (XPS). A complete system validationwould imply the examination of all imaginable situations (cases). Such an exhaustive check would be a complete and real, but unfortunately unfeasible proof of a system's quality. Even the use of a quasi{exhaustive set of test cases (QUEST ) is impracticable due the huge cardinality of QUEST . The focus of this paper will be set on the objective of a criteria{driven reduction of a given set of test cases being a quasi{exhaustive description of the XPS's domain ([2], [3]). This reduction has to be carried out properly and without risking a signi cant decrease in the validity statement's credibility. The result of this reduction will be a non{exhaustive, but necessary, su cient and reasonable set of test cases (RST ) allowing a validation with a "su cient credibility".
Abstraction for Falsification

ion for Falsification Thomas Ball , Orna Kupferman , and Greta Yorsh 3 1 Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA. Email: tball@microsoft.com, URL: research.microsoft.com/ ∼tball 2 Hebrew University, School of Eng. and Comp. Sci., Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Email: orna@cs.huji.ac.il, URL: www.cs.huji.ac.il/ ∼orna 3 Tel-Aviv University, School of Comp. Sci., Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. Email:gretay@post.tau.ac.il, URL: www.math.tau.ac.il/ ∼gretay Microsoft Research Technical Report MSR-TR-2005-50 Abstract. Abstraction is traditionally used in the process of verification. There, an abstraction of a concrete system is sound if properties of the abstract system also hold in the conAbstraction is traditionally used in the process of verification. There, an abstraction of a concrete system is sound if properties of the abstract system also hold in the concrete system. Specifically, if an abstract state satisfies a property ψ thenall the concrete states that correspond to a satisfyψ too. Since the ideal goal of proving a system correct involves many obstacles, the primary use of formal methods nowadays is fal ification. There, as intesting, the goal is to detect errors, rather than to prove correctness. In the falsification setting, we can say that an abstraction is sound if errors of the abstract system exist also in the concrete system. Specifically, if an abstract state a violates a propertyψ, thenthere existsa concrete state that corresponds to a and violatesψ too. An abstraction that is sound for falsification need not be sound for verification. This suggests that existing frameworks for abstraction for verification may be too restrictive when used for falsification, and that a new framework is needed in order to take advantage of the weaker definition of soundness in the falsification setting. We present such a framework, show that it is indeed stronger (than other abstraction frameworks designed for verification), demonstrate that it can be made even stronger by parameterizing its transitions by predicates, and describe how it can be used for falsification of branching-time and linear-time temporal properties, as well as for generating testing goals for a concrete system by reasoning about its abstraction.
MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL LANDING GEAR . PART 1 : A DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Aircraft landing gears are subjected to a wide range of excitation conditions, which result in conflicting damping requirements. A novel solution to this problem is to implement semiactive damping using magnetorheological (MR) fluids. This paper presents a design methodology that enables an MR landing gear to be optimised, both in terms of its damping and magnetic circuit performance, whilst adhering to stringent packaging constraints. Such constraints are vital in landing gear, if MR technology is to be considered as feasible in commercial applications. The design approach focuses on the impact or landing phase of an aircraft’s flight, where large variations in sink speed, angle of attack and aircraft mass makes an MR device potentially very attractive. In this study, an equivalent MR model of an existing aircraft landing gear is developed. This includes a dynamic model of an MR shock strut, which accounts for the effects of fluid compressibility. This is important in impulsive loading applications such as landing gear, as fluid compression will reduce device controllability. Using the model, numerical impact simulations are performed to illustrate the performance of the optimised MR shock strut, and hence the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology. Part 2 of this contribution focuses on experimental validation.
Augmented visual feedback of movement performance to enhance walking recovery after stroke: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that use of augmented visual feedback could be a useful approach to stroke rehabilitation. In current clinical practice, visual feedback of movement performance is often limited to the use of mirrors or video. However, neither approach is optimal since cognitive and self-image issues can distract or distress patients and their movement can be obscured by clothing or limited viewpoints. Three-dimensional motion capture has the potential to provide accurate kinematic data required for objective assessment and feedback in the clinical environment. However, such data are currently presented in numerical or graphical format, which is often impractical in a clinical setting. Our hypothesis is that presenting this kinematic data using bespoke visualisation software, which is tailored for gait rehabilitation after stroke, will provide a means whereby feedback of movement performance can be communicated in a more meaningful way to patients. This will result in increased patient understanding of their rehabilitation and will enable progress to be tracked in a more accessible way.


METHODS
The hypothesis will be assessed using an exploratory (phase II) randomised controlled trial. Stroke survivors eligible for this trial will be in the subacute stage of stroke and have impaired walking ability (Functional Ambulation Classification of 1 or more). Participants (n = 45) will be randomised into three groups to compare the use of the visualisation software during overground physical therapy gait training against an intensity-matched and attention-matched placebo group and a usual care control group. The primary outcome measure will be walking speed. Secondary measures will be Functional Ambulation Category, Timed Up and Go, Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, Stroke Impact Scale-16 and spatiotemporal parameters associated with walking. Additional qualitative measures will be used to assess the participant's experience of the visual feedback provided in the study.


DISCUSSION
Results from the trial will explore whether the early provision of visual feedback of biomechanical movement performance during gait rehabilitation demonstrates improved mobility outcomes after stroke and increased patient understanding of their rehabilitation.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79005974.
Feasible Range and Optimal Value of the Virtual Impedance for Droop-Based Control of Microgrids

This paper presents a systematic method to determine the feasible range and optimal value of the virtual impedance of the droop-based control to enhance a microgrid system performance with respect to power decoupling, reactive power sharing, system damping, and node voltage profile. A modified power flow analysis and an augmented small-signal dynamic model of the droop-based controlled microgrid, considering the impact of the virtual impedance, are developed. Subsequently, based on the developed methods, the feasible range of the virtual impedance, which can satisfy all the system performances requirements, is determined and presented. Based on a particle swarm optimization technique, an optimization process is introduced to select a virtual impedance value within the feasible range to achieve the overall optimal microgrid performance. Finally, simulation results in the PSCAD/EMTDC platform are provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Randomized trial of rapamycin- and paclitaxel-eluting stents with identical biodegradable polymeric coating and design.

AIMS
This prospective, randomized study sought to directly compare the performance of paclitaxel and rapamycin on an otherwise identical, polymer-coated drug-eluting stent (DES) platform.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Stents with identical design and biodegradable polymeric coating that elute either rapamycin or paclitaxel over a 2 months time period were utilized. In this pilot trial that included 91 patients, both stent platforms proved safe with no case of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis within a 9 months follow-up period. Late-lumen loss was markedly greater in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group (0.96 +/- 0.75 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.46 mm, P < 0.0001). Likewise, the rate of angiographic restenosis was higher in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group [39.0 vs. 12.2%; relative risk (RR) 3.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-7.92), P = 0.005]. Concomitantly, the need for target lesion revascularization was higher in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group [26.7 vs. 8.7%; RR 3.07 (1.07-8.80), P = 0.02].


CONCLUSION
The results of this clinical trial that is the first to directly compare the performance of paclitaxel and rapamycin on a DES platform otherwise identical in design and polymeric coating imply that rapamycin is more effective for the prevention of coronary restenosis on a DES platform with mid-term drug release and less dependent on release kinetics than paclitaxel. Thus, to ensure efficacy, drug release from a paclitaxel-coating stent platform must be prolonged and well controlled to achieve results that are comparable with the FDA-approved paclitaxel-eluting stent platform.
Reliability and interpretation of single leg stance and maximum voluntary isometric contraction methods of electromyography normalization.

Normalization of electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes is necessary in the study of human motion. However, there is a lack of agreement on the most reliable and appropriate normalization method. This study evaluated the reliability of single leg stance (SLS) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) normalization methods and the relationship between these measures for the gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), hip adductor group (ADD), and biceps femoris (BF). Surface EMG was recorded in 20 subjects during three 5s trials of SLS and MVIC. SLS and MVIC methods both demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability in all muscles (ICCs>0.80). Intrasubject coefficients of variation were lower for the MVIC method (9-36%) than for the SLS method (20-59%). EMG amplitudes during MVIC and SLS were significantly correlated for all muscles (Pearson r's=0.604-0.905, p<0.005) except GMax (r=0.250, p=0.288). Use of SLS normalization for the RF, VL, and BF is not recommended due to a lack of measurement precision. However, this method is justified in the GMax, GMed, and ADD and may provide a better representation of coordinated muscle function during a functional task.
Brain Switches Utilitarian Behavior: Does Gender Make the Difference?

Decision often implies a utilitarian choice based on personal gain, even at the expense of damaging others. Despite the social implications of utilitarian behavior, its neurophysiological bases remain largely unknown. To assess how the human brain controls utilitarian behavior, we delivered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPC) and over the occipital cortex (OC) in 78 healthy subjects. Utilitarian judgment was assessed with the moral judgment task before and after tDCS. At baseline, females provided fewer utilitarian answers than males for personal moral dilemmas (p = .007). In males, VPC-tDCS failed to induce changes and in both genders OC-tDCS left utilitarian judgments unchanged. In females, cathodal VPC-tDCS tended to decrease whereas anodal VPC-tDCS significantly increased utilitarian responses (p = .005). In males and females, reaction times for utilitarian responses significantly decreased after cathodal (p<.001) but not after anodal (p = .735) VPC-tDCS. We conclude that ventral prefrontal tDCS interferes with utilitarian decisions, influencing the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each option in both sexes, but does so more strongly in females. Whereas cathodal tDCS alters the time for utilitarian reasoning in both sexes, anodal stimulation interferes more incisively in women, modifying utilitarian reasoning and the possible consequent actions. The gender-related tDCS-induced changes suggest that the VPC differentially controls utilitarian reasoning in females and in males. The gender-specific functional organization of the brain areas involved in utilitarian behavior could be a correlate of the moral and social behavioral differences between the two sexes.
Using Mentoring and Storytelling to Transfer Knowledge in the Workplace

The core capabilities of an organization include critical skills of employees, management systems, and norms and values. Core capabilities may be transferred fonnally and explicitly. However, much knowledge, particularly knowledge with rich tacit dimensions, is transferred informally through processes of socialization and intemaiization. We focus on two transfer mechanisms—mentoring and storytelling—that can leverage the knowledge of an organization, particularly its tacit knowledge, to build core capabilities. We draw on relevant research in leaming and cognitive psychology to clarify the conditions under which mentoring and storytelling can be most effective as carriers of knowledge. Finally, we present recommendations for specific managerial practices that follow from our analysis. Journal of Management Information Systems /Summer 200\, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 95-114. ©2001 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 0742-1222 / 2001 $9.50 + 0.00. 96 SWAP, LEONARD, SHIELDS, AND ABRAMS
Extrusion printing of ionic–covalent entanglement hydrogels with high toughness

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels has recently been investigated for use in tissue engineering applications. One major limitation in the use of synthetic hydrogels is their poor mechanical robustness but the development of ‘tough hydrogels’ in conjunction with additive fabrication techniques will accelerate the advancement of many technologies including soft robotics, bionic implants, sensors and controlled release systems. This article demonstrates that ionic–covalent entanglement (ICE) gels can be fabricated through a modified extrusion printing process that facilitates in situ photopolymerisation. The rheological properties of alginate–acrylamide hydrogel precursor solutions were characterised to develop formulations suitable for extrusion printing. A range of these printed hydrogels were prepared and their mechanical performance and swelling behaviour evaluated. ICE gels exhibit a remarkable mechanical performance because ionic cross links in the biopolymer network act as sacrificial bonds that dissipate energy under stress. The printed ICE gels have a work of extension 260 3 kj m3. Swelling the hydrogels in water has a detrimental effect upon their mechanical properties, however swelling the hydrogels in a calcium chloride solution as a post-processing technique reduces the effects of swelling the hydrogels in water. The integration of the modified extrusion printing process with existing plastic 3D printing technologies will allow for the fabrication of functional devices.