LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Bicycling Science [Book Review]

application of the computational algorithms. Such author insight would have been extremely valuable. From the standpoint of extending the applicability of the receding horizon optimal control to faster processes, computational complexity represents an especially critical area. In the text, input constraints are generally emphasized more than state constraints. However, other techniques, such as antiwindup compensation and gain scheduling, exist for dealing with pure input constraints. A discussion of the relative benefits of the techniques described in the text over those prevalent in the literature would have been beneficial. Overall, a deeper look at links or extensions to nonlinear systems with general state and input constraints as well as at the associated computational issues would have been valuable. To be fair, the book does provide pointers to the literature should the reader desire a thorough look at these and other topics. In summary, the book provides a self-contained, well-thought out, and accessible introduction to a wide range of topics and fundamental principles underlying receding horizon constrained control and estimation. The developments are presented at a sufficient level of detail and mathematical rigor to accomplish this objective. The book can be used as a textbook for a graduate-level course, for independent reading, or as a reference. Several other books have recently appeared on the subject of receding horizon optimal control for constrained systems, including [2] and [3]. While the present book has some overlap with these two texts in terms of its coverage (namely the consideration of discrete linear systems having input constraints), Constrained Control and Estimation stands on its own as a complete work and a rigorous yet accessible introductory text with unique perspectives on the application of convex optimization tools to systems having input constraints.
Optical coherence tomography imaging in uveitis

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact noninvasive technique that allows in vivo imaging of the retina, choroid, optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer, and the anterior structures of the eye. It was introduced into clinical practice two decades ago. Advances in OCT technology have been achieved by searching ultra-high-resolution OCT, adaptive optics OCT, eye-tracking OCT, and changes in signal detection technique from time-domain (TD) to spectral-domain (SD) detection. Today, SD OCT has become a part of routine uveitis practice. Apart from its diagnostic value in uveitis, OCT has enabled objective assessment of treatment response and provided predictive value for visual recovery and prognosis of uveitic entities. It is the standard diagnostic technique in the detection, monitoring of treatment, and determination of prognosis in uveitic macular edema as well as other inflammatory macular pathologies, including epiretinal membrane formation, vitreomacular traction, foveal atrophy, and lamellar/full-thickness macular holes. OCT has also shed light on the pathophysiology of several posterior uveitic entities. SD OCT has enabled visualization of four lines in the sensory retina which represent the external limiting membrane, the photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction, the photoreceptor outer segment and the retina pigment epithelium junction, and the retina pigment epithelium−choriocapillaris complex. Thus, we have gained substantial information about the pathologic and structural changes in uveitic conditions with primary or secondary outer retinal involvement. SD OCT has also provided invaluable information on the inner retinal and the vitreoretinal interface changes in uveitic conditions. With the introduction of enhanced depth imaging, visualization of the choroid and choriocapillaries has become possible. Therefore, OCT has become an indispensible ancillary test in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory diseases involving the retina and/or the choroid. As OCT technology continues to develop further it will provide new insights into the retinal and choroidal structure and the pathogenesis of posterior uveitic entities.
Postcoital bleeding in a case of recto-vaginal endometriosis

Rectovaginal Endometriosis (RVE) is a severe form of endometriosis classified by Kirtner as stage 4 [1,2]. It is less frequent than peritoneal or ovarian endometriosis affecting 3.8% to 37% of patients with endometriosis [3,4]. RVE infiltrates the rectum, vagina, and rectovaginal septum, up to obliteration of the pouch of Douglas [4]. Endometriotic nodules exceeding 30 mm in diameter have 17.9% risk of ureteral involvement [5], while 5.3% to 12% of patients have bowel endometriosis, most commonly found in the recto-sigmoid involving 74% of those patients [3,4].
Six-week combined vibration and wobble board training on balance and stability in footballers with functional ankle instability.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of a combination of vibration and wobble board training against wobble board training alone in footballers suffering from functional ankle instability (FAI).


DESIGN
A 2 × 3 prefactorial-postfactorial design.


SETTING
University research laboratory.


PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-three male semiprofessional footballers with self-reported unilateral FAI were randomly assigned in 3 groups: vibration and wobble board (mean age 22.2 years), wobble board (mean age 22.7 years), and control (mean age 23.1 years).


INTERVENTIONS
Participants in each intervention group performed a 6-week progressive rehabilitation program using a wobble board, either with or without the addition of vibration stimulus.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Absolute center of mass (COM) distribution during single-leg stance, modified star excursion balance test (SEBT) reach distances, and single-leg triple hop for distance (SLTHD) were measured before and after 6-week intervention.


RESULTS
Combined vibration and wobble board training resulted in reduced COM distribution [P ≤ 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.66], increased SEBT reach distances (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.002, ES = 0.19 and 0.29, respectively), and increased SLTHD (P ≤ 0.001, ES = 0.33) compared with wobble board training alone during the course of the 6-week training intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
Combined vibration and wobble board training improves COM distribution, modified SEBT scores, and SLTHD among footballers suffering FAI compared with wobble board training alone.
International Rett Syndrome Conference RTT50.1

International Rett Syndrome Conference RTT50.1 1 3 353 1 Extended abstracts of the invited speakers
Mobile Apps for Weight Management: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND
Obesity remains a major public health concern. Mobile apps for weight loss/management are found to be effective for improving health outcomes in adults and adolescents, and are pursued as a cost-effective and scalable intervention for combating overweight and obesity. In recent years, the commercial market for 'weight loss apps' has expanded at rapid pace, yet little is known regarding the evidence-based quality of these tools for weight control.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize the inclusion of evidence-based strategies, health care expert involvement, and scientific evaluation of commercial mobile apps for weight loss/management.


METHODS
An electronic search was conducted between July 2014 and July 2015 of the official app stores for four major mobile operating systems. Three raters independently identified apps with a stated goal of weight loss/management, as well as weight loss/management apps targeted to pediatric users. All discrepancies regarding selection were resolved through discussion with a fourth rater. Metadata from all included apps were abstracted into a standard assessment criteria form and the evidence-based strategies, health care expert involvement, and scientific evaluation of included apps was assessed. Evidence-based strategies included: self-monitoring, goal-setting, physical activity support, healthy eating support, weight and/or health assessment, personalized feedback, motivational strategies, and social support.


RESULTS
A total of 393 apps were included in this review. Self-monitoring was most common (139/393, 35.3%), followed by physical activity support (108/393, 27.5%), weight assessment (100/393, 25.4%), healthy eating support (91/393, 23.2%), goal-setting (84/393, 21.4%), motivational strategies (28/393, 7.1%), social support (21/393, 5.3%), and personalized feedback (7/393, 1.8%). Of apps, 0.8% (3/393) underwent scientific evaluation and 0.3% (1/393) reported health care expert involvement. No apps were comprehensive in the assessment criteria, with the majority of apps meeting less than two criteria.


CONCLUSIONS
Commercial mobile apps for weight loss/management lack important evidence-based features, do not involve health care experts in their development process, and have not undergone rigorous scientific testing. This calls into question the validity of apps' claims regarding their effectiveness and safety, at a time when the availability and growth in adoption of these tools is rapidly increasing. Collaborative efforts between developers, researchers, clinicians, and patients are needed to develop and test high-quality, evidence-based mobile apps for weight loss/management before they are widely disseminated in commercial markets.
Model Theory of Fields With Operators - a Survey

The model theory of fields with operators has proven to be very useful in applications of model theory to problems outside logic. Differentially closed fields and separably closed fields were instrumental in Hrushovski’s proof of the conjecture of Mordell-Lang ([39]), and in work of Hrushovski and Pillay on counting the number of transcendental points on certain varieties ([44]). Let me also mention Ax’s work ([1]) on connections between transcendence theory and differential algebra, which has been recently elaborated on by Bertrand and Pillay ([6]) and Kowalski ([51]) in positive characteristic. The model theory of difference fields also provided various achievements: Hrushovski’s new proof of the conjecture of Manin-Mumford ([40]), Scanlon’s approach to p-adic abc conjectures and proximity questions ([89], [90], [91]), and his solution to Denis’ conjecture ([92]); more recently, applications to algebraic dynamics by Hrushovski and the author ([21], [22], [16]), and by Medvedev and Scanlon ([61]). Model theory also provides some insight on the Galois theory of systems of differential (or difference) equations and of Picard-Vessiot extensions, or of strongly normal extensions of Kolchin, see e.g. [74]. The aim of this article is not to present these applications, but to give a survey of what is known of the model theory of these enriched fields. We will discuss such issues as existence of model companions and their various axiomatisations, elimination of quantifiers and decidability; we will also investigate stability theoretic properties and mention some open problems. Another notable omission of this survey is that of exponential fields, which have seen many extraordinary developments in the past twenty years: in the context of the field of real numbers, or in the context of the field of complex numbers. I do not consider myself an expert in this subject, parts of which are still in full progress.
Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine for heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), previously treated with anthracyclines alone or with taxanes.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 86 pretreated patients with MBC (median age 62 years), entered the study. Thirty-six patients had been pretreated with anthracyclines and 8 were resistant. The combination of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, for a total of 6 cycles.


RESULTS
A total of 344 cycles of chemotherapy were administered (median 4 cycles per patient). Partial responses were observed in 31 patients (36.0%; 95% CI: 23-56). The median duration of response was 7 months (range 3-11 months) and the median overall survival was 14 months (range 6-21). The scheme was well tolerated.


CONCLUSION
The combination of vinorelbine and gemcitabine is an active scheme in pretreated MBC, demonstrating an acceptable toxicity profile, and may well represent a valuable therapeutic choice after anthracycline/taxane regimens.
Differential diagnosis and management of Behçet syndrome

Behçet syndrome (also known as Behçet disease) is a rare condition that is associated with considerable morbidity. Cases of Behçet syndrome have been reported worldwide, but the highest prevalence occurs in countries that border the ancient Silk Route, such as Turkey and Iran. Although oral ulceration, genital ulceration and eye disease are the classic triad of manifestations, the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems can also be affected. The syndrome is chronic and relapsing with some patients having benign episodes whereas others have more serious complications, including blindness or the rupture of a pulmonary arterial aneurysm. Diagnosing Behçet syndrome, particularly outside of endemic regions, often incurs a considerable delay owing to the rarity of this condition. Furthermore, a paucity exists of data from randomized controlled trials on the optimal therapeutic approaches to use in patients, as well as a lack of informative laboratory surrogate markers to monitor disease progression. This Review discusses the issues surrounding the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Behçet syndrome and presents the current approaches to managing patients with this complex group of disorders.
An offset-tolerant current-sampling-based sense amplifier for Sub-100nA-cell-current nonvolatile memory

Decreasing read cell current (ICELL) has become a key trend in nonvolatile memory (NVM). This is not only due to device size and VDD scaling while keeping the same threshold voltage (VTH), but also to the growing spread of the following applications: 1) multiple-level-cell (MLC) [1–2] to achieve smaller area-per-bit; 2) lower-VDD [3] to save power consumption; 3) Logic-process-compatible onetime programming memories (OTP) for embedding into mobile chips. A smaller ICELL leaves the sense amplifiers (SAs) operation vulnerable to 1) bitline (BL) level offset due to noise, bias and load (CBL) mismatches and 2) VTH variation. As device size and BL-pitch is continually scaled down, the above factors have become major showstopper for SAs. To tolerate these offsets, small-ICELLNVMs suffer from slow read speed or high read fail probability. Thus, a more largely offset tolerant SA is a prerequisite to achieve faster read speeds. In this study, we propose a new offset tolerant current-sampling-based SA (CSB-SA) to achieve 7× faster read speed than previous SAs for sensing small ICELL. A fabricated 90nm 512Kb OTP macro, using the CSB-SA and our CMOS-logic-compatible OTP cell [4], achieves 26ns macro random access time for reading sub-200nA ICELL. Measurements also confirmed that this 90nm CSB-SA could achieve sub-100nA sensing.
Prediction of blast-produced ground vibration using particle swarm optimization

Blasting operation is an inseparable operation of the rock fragmentation process in the surface mines and tunneling projects. Ground vibration is one of the most undesirable effects induced by blasting operation which can cause damage to the surrounding residents and structures. So, the ability to make precise predictions of ground vibration is very important to reduce the environmental side effects caused by mine blasting. The aim of this paper is to develop a simple, accurate, and applicable model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for predicting the ground vibration induced by blasting operations in Shur River dam region, Iran. In this regard, two forms of PSO models, linear and power, were developed. For this work, a database including 80 data sets was collected, and the values of the maximum charge weight used per delay (W), distance between blast-point and monitoring station (D) and peak particle velocity (PPV) were measured. To develop the PSO models, PPV was used as output parameter, while W and D were used as input parameters. To check the performance of the proposed PSO models, multiple linear regression (MLR) model and United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) equation were also developed. Accuracy of models established was evaluated using statistical criteria, i.e., coefficient of correlation (R 2) and root mean square error (RMSE), variance absolute relative error (VARE) and Nash & Sutcliffe (NS). Finally, it was found that the PSO power form provided more accurate predictions in comparison with PSO linear form, MLR and USBM models.
A 2-year randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of oral selective iNOS inhibitor, cindunistat (SD-6010), in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with cindunistat hydrochloride maleate slows progression of osteoarthritis (OA) METHODS: This 2-year, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled patients with symptomatic knee OA (Kellgren and Lawrence Grade (KLG) 2 or 3). Standard OA therapies were permitted throughout. Patients were randomly assigned to cindunistat (50 or 200 mg/day) or placebo. Randomisation was stratified by KLG. Radiographs to assess joint space narrowing (JSN) were acquired using the modified Lyon-schuss protocol at baseline, week 48 and 96.


RESULTS
Of 1457 patients (50 mg/day, n=485; 200 mg/day, n=486; placebo, n=486), 1048 (71.9%) completed the study. Patients were predominantly women; 56% had KLG3. The primary analysis did not demonstrate superiority of cindunistat versus placebo for rate of change in JSN. In KLG2 patients, JSN after 48 weeks was lower with cindunistat 50 mg/day versus placebo (p=0.032). Least-squares mean±SE JSN with cindunistat 50 mg/day ( -0.048±0.028 mm) and 200 mg/day (-0.062±0.028 mm) were 59.9% (95% CI 6.8% to 106.9%) and 48.7% (95% CI -8.4% to 93.9%) of placebo, improvement was not maintained at 96 weeks. No improvement was observed for KLG3 patients at either time-point. Cindunistat did not improve joint pain or function, but was generally well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
Cindunistat (50 or 200 mg/day) did not slow the rate of JSN versus placebo. After 48-weeks, KLG2 patients showed less JSN; however, the improvement was not sustained at 96-weeks. iNOS inhibition did not slow OA progression in KLG3 patients. CLINICAL TRIAL LISTING: NCT00565812.
From oncogene to drug: development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic agents

The confluence of two distinct but related activities in the past 10 years has dramatically accelerated efforts towards the discovery and development of novel drugs to treat cancer. The first is a rapidly emerging understanding that a number of distinct tyrosine kinases play roles in diverse but fundamentally important aspects of tumor progression (growth, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis). The second is the discovery that small molecule compounds have the capacity to potently and selectively inhibit the biochemical function of tyrosine kinases by competing for ATP binding at the enzyme catalytic site. These observations have been conjoined in major efforts to bring forward into clinical development novel cancer drugs with the potential to provide both clinical efficacy and improved tolerability. The focus of this review is on the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and does not extend to other approaches that could be applied to disrupt the same pathways in clinical tumors (receptor and/or ligand-competitive antibodies, intrabodies, antisense ribonucleotides, ribozymes, phosphatase inhibitors or SH2/SH3-directed agents). Selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors, known or believed to be in development in cancer treatment trials, are summarized as are some of the key issues that must be addressed if these compounds are to be developed into clinically useful cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Using a generalized additive model with autoregressive terms to study the effects of daily temperature on mortality

BACKGROUND
Generalized Additive Model (GAM) provides a flexible and effective technique for modelling nonlinear time-series in studies of the health effects of environmental factors. However, GAM assumes that errors are mutually independent, while time series can be correlated in adjacent time points. Here, a GAM with Autoregressive terms (GAMAR) is introduced to fill this gap.


METHODS
Parameters in GAMAR are estimated by maximum partial likelihood using modified Newton's method, and the difference between GAM and GAMAR is demonstrated using two simulation studies and a real data example. GAMM is also compared to GAMAR in simulation study 1.


RESULTS
In the simulation studies, the bias of the mean estimates from GAM and GAMAR are similar but GAMAR has better coverage and smaller relative error. While the results from GAMM are similar to GAMAR, the estimation procedure of GAMM is much slower than GAMAR. In the case study, the Pearson residuals from the GAM are correlated, while those from GAMAR are quite close to white noise. In addition, the estimates of the temperature effects are different between GAM and GAMAR.


CONCLUSIONS
GAMAR incorporates both explanatory variables and AR terms so it can quantify the nonlinear impact of environmental factors on health outcome as well as the serial correlation between the observations. It can be a useful tool in environmental epidemiological studies.
Detecting Phishing Emails the Natural Language Way

Phishing causes billions of dollars in damage every year and poses a serious threat to the Internet economy. Email is still the most commonly used medium to launch phishing attacks [1]. In this paper, we present a comprehensive natural language based scheme to detect phishing emails using features that are invariant and fundamentally characterize phishing. Our scheme utilizes all the information present in an email, namely, the header, the links and the text in the body. Although it is obvious that a phishing email is designed to elicit an action from the intended victim, none of the existing detection schemes use this fact to identify phishing emails. Our detection protocol is designed specifically to distinguish between “actionable” and “informational” emails. To this end, we incorporate natural language techniques in phishing detection. We also utilize contextual information, when available, to detect phishing: we study the problem of phishing detection within the contextual confines of the user’s email box and demonstrate that context plays an important role in detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scheme that utilizes natural language techniques and contextual information to detect phishing. We show that our scheme outperforms existing phishing detection schemes. Finally, our protocol detects phishing at the email level rather than detecting masqueraded websites. This is crucial to prevent the victim from clicking any harmful links in the email. Our implementation called PhishNet-NLP, operates between a user’s mail transfer agent (MTA) and mail user agent (MUA) and processes each arriving email for phishing attacks even before reaching the