LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A simple validated method for predicting the risk of hospitalization for worsening of heart failure in ambulatory patients: the Redin‐SCORE

AIMS
Prevention of hospital readmissions is one of the main objectives in the management of patients with heart failure (HF). Most of the models predicting readmissions are based on data extracted from hospitalized patients rather than from outpatients. Our objective was to develop a validated score predicting 1-month and 1-year risk of readmission for worsening of HF in ambulatory patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A cohort of 2507 ambulatory patients with chronic HF was prospectively followed for a median of 3.3 years. Clinical, echocardiographic, ECG, and biochemical variables were used in a competing risk regression analysis to construct a risk score for readmissions due to worsening of HF. Thereafter, the score was externally validated using a different cohort of 992 patients with chronic HF (MUSIC registry). Predictors of 1-month readmission were the presence of elevated natriuretic peptides, left ventricular (LV) HF signs, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/m(2) . Predictors of 1-year readmission were elevated natriuretic peptides, anaemia, left atrial size >26 mm/m(2) , heart rate >70 b.p.m., LV HF signs, and eGFR <60 mL/min/m(2) . The C-statistics for the models were 0.72 and 0.66, respectively. The cumulative incidence function distinguished low-risk (<1% event rate) and high-risk groups (>5% event rate) for 1-month HF readmission. Likewise, low-risk (7.8%), intermediate-risk (15.6%) and high-risk groups (26.1%) were identified for 1-year HF readmission risk. The C-statistics remained consistent after the external validation (<5% loss of discrimination).


CONCLUSION
The Redin-SCORE predicts early and late readmission for worsening of HF using proven prognostic variables that are routinely collected in outpatient management of chronic HF.
Reviewing Enterprise Content Management: a functional framework

Received: 22 October 2009 Revised: 5 September 2011 Accepted: 16 September 2011 Abstract Enterprise Content Management (ECM) focuses on managing all types of content being used in organizations. It is a convergence of previous approaches that focus on managing only particular types of content, as for example documents or web pages. In this paper, we present an overview of previous research by categorizing the existing literature. We show that scientific literature on ECM is limited and there is no consensus on the definition of ECM. Therefore, the literature review surfaced several ECM definitions that we merge into a more consistent and comprehensive definition of ECM. The Functional ECM Framework (FEF) provides an overview of the potential functionalities of ECM systems (ECMSs). We apply the FEF in three case studies. The FEF can serve to communicate about ECMSs, to understand them and to direct future research. It can also be the basis for a more formal reference architecture and it can be used as an assessment tool by practitioners for comparing the functionalities provided by existing ECMSs. European Journal of Information Systems (2011) advance online publication, 25 October 2011; doi:10.1057/ejis.2011.41
High on-treatment platelet reactivity as a risk factor for secondary prevention after coronary stent revascularization: A landmark analysis of the ARCTIC study.

BACKGROUND
Individualizing antiplatelet therapy after platelet function testing did not improve outcome after coronary stenting in the Assessment by a Double Randomization of a Conventional Antiplatelet Strategy Versus a Monitoring-Guided Strategy for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation and of Treatment Interruption Versus Continuation One Year After Stenting (ARCTIC) study. Whether results are different during the phase of secondary prevention starting after hospital discharge, when periprocedural events have been excluded, is unknown.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In ARCTIC, 2440 patients were randomized before coronary stenting to a strategy of platelet function monitoring (VerifyNow P2Y12/aspirin point-of-care assay) with drug adjustment in suboptimal responders to antiplatelet therapy or to a conventional strategy without monitoring and without drug or dose changes. We performed a landmark analysis starting at the time of hospital discharge evaluating the primary end point of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, or urgent revascularization through 1 year. After discharge, the primary end point occurred in 8.6% of patients in the monitoring arm and 7.9% in the conventional arm (hazard ratio, 1.105; 95% confidence interval, 0.835-1.461; P=0.48). Stent thrombosis or urgent revascularization occurred in 4.4% and 4.5% in the monitoring and conventional arms, respectively (P=0.99). There was no difference for any of the other ischemic end points. Major bleeding event rates were 1.8% in the monitoring arm and 2.8% in the conventional arm (P=0.11), whereas major or minor bleeding event rates were 2.3% and 3.4%, respectively (P=0.10).


CONCLUSIONS
Detection of platelet hyper-reactivity by platelet function testing in patients undergoing coronary stenting with further therapeutic adjustment does not reduce ischemic recurrences after intervention. On-treatment platelet hyperreactivity cannot be considered as a risk factor requiring intervention for secondary prevention after percutaneous coronary revascularization.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00827411.
Infrastructure Investment and Economic Growth in South Africa : A Granger Causality Analysis

This paper conducted pairwise Granger causality tests between economic growth, economic infrastructure investment, and employment in South Africa for the period 1960-2009 using bivariate vector autoregression (VAR) model with and without a structural break. The result indicates that there is a strong causality between economic infrastructure investment and GDP growth that runs in both directions implying that economic infrastructure investment drives the long term economic growth in South Africa while improved growth feeds back into more public infrastructure investments. We also found a strong two way causal relationship between economic infrastructure investment and public sector employment reflecting the role of such investments on job creation through construction, maintenance and the actual operational activities, while increased employment could in turn contribute to further infrastructure investments indirectly through higher aggregate demand and economic growth. Further, there is a strong unidirectional causal link between economic growth and public sector employment that runs from the former to the latter; and a strong one way causal link between private sector employment and economic growth that runs from the former to the latter. Economic growth appears to be one of the main drivers of public sector jobs but not the private sector ones and that while the private sector employment remains one of the key drivers of growth, the latter does not seem to have translated into more jobs, reflecting the much criticized scenario of jobless growth in the economy. The pairwise causality test results were assessed further using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) or bounds testing approach for cointegration to assess both the short-and long-run relationships among the variables in question. The bounds test results indicate the presence of steady-state long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth, economic infrastructure investment, formal employment, and exports and imports of goods and services providing a theoretical foundation for the empirical results of the pairwise Granger causality tests.
Maximizing Sensor Lifetime in a Rechargeable Sensor Network via Partial Energy Charging on Sensors

The wireless energy transfer technology based on magnetic resonant coupling has emerged as a promising technology for wireless sensor networks, by providing controllable yet perpetual energy to sensors. In this paper we study the use of a mobile charger to wirelessly charge sensors in a rechargeable sensor network so that the sum of sensor lifetimes is maximized while the traveling distance of the mobile charger is minimized. Unlike existing studies that assumed a mobile charger must charge a sensor to its full energy capacity before moving to charge the next sensor, in this paper we assume that each sensor can be partially charged so that more sensors can be charged by the mobile charger before their energy depletions. Under this new charging model, we first formulate a novel optimization problem of scheduling the mobile charger to charge life-critical sensors with an objective to maximize the sum of sensor lifetimes, while minimizing the traveling distance of the mobile charger. Due to NP-hardness of the problem, we then propose an efficient algorithm for it. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm through experimental simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very promising.
Engineering training — An instrument of progress

The objectives of an engineering education can be realized fully only when it is recognized that these objectives, in common with those of all education, are not merely the development of technical abilities, but the development of the man mentally, morally, and physically. Through his scientific and technological contributions, the engineer ably fulfills his duty as an engineer, but he must be trained to assume a further responsibility — his responsibility to the society of which he is a member.
Tree growth and crop yield under agrisilvicultural practices in north-east India

Tree growth, survival and crop yield under agrisilvicultural practices were analyzed over a seven-year period in a split plot experiment on acid alfisol under rainfed conditions at ICAR Research Farm, Barapani (Meghalya), India. Three indigenous species including a fruit plant, and one introduced tree species formed the main plot treatments and three crop sequences were the sub-plot. The tree species were mandarin (Citrus reticulata), alder (Alnus nepalensis), cherry (Prunus cerasoides) and albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria), and the crop sequences were (a) soybean (Glycine max)-linseed (Linum usitatissimum) for three years, then groundnut (Arachis hypogea)-mustard (Brassica campestris) for three years followed by soybean-linseed in the seventh year, (b) groundnut-mustard for three years, then soybean-linseed for three years and groundnut-mustard in the seventh year, and (c) sole trees (‘tree only‘). A positive effect of intercropping on height and diameter growth, crown width and timber volume was observed in alder, albizia and cherry but no appreciable differences for these parameters were observed in mandarin between the two situations. Alder and albizia attained maximum growth and woody biomass followed by cherry and the minimum growth was recorded by mandarin. The better growth and timber volume in the ‘tree+crop’ situation was mainly due to the application of fertilizers and weeding. Crop yield reduction was observed with alder, mandarin and cherry and as the distance from tree increased, yield also improved. However, in albizia the proximity of tree did not reduce crop yield. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the suitability of the species in this region and their usefulness in agroforestry systems.
Simulation of Piezoelectric Devices by Two-and Three-Dimensional Finite Elements

Abslract--A method for the analysis of piezoelectric media hased o n finite element calculations is presented in which the fundamental electroelastic equations gokerning piemelectric media are solved numerically.Theresultsohtained h! thisfinite-elementcalculationscheme agreewiththeoreticalandexperimentaldatagiven in the literature. The method is applied to the bihrational anal!sis of piezoelectric sensors and actuators with arbitrary structure. Natural frequencies nith related eigenmodes of those devices as well as their re.;ponses to Iarious time-dependent nlechanical or electrical excitations are computed. The theoreticallycalculatedmodeshapes of piezoelectric transducersand their electrical impedances agree quantitativelj with our re5pective interferometric and electric measurements. The simulations are used to optimize piezoelectric devices such as ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging. The method also provides deeper insight into the physical mechanism5 of acoustic wabe propagation in piemelectric media.
Functional relationships between leaf hydraulics and leaf economic traits in response to nutrient addition in subtropical tree species.

Leaves can be both a hydraulic bottleneck and a safety valve against hydraulic catastrophic dysfunctions, and thus changes in traits related to water movement in leaves and associated costs may be critical for the success of plant growth. A 4-year fertilization experiment with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition was done in a semideciduous Atlantic forest in northeastern Argentina. Saplings of five dominant canopy species were grown in similar gaps inside the forests (five control and five N + P addition plots). Leaf lifespan (LL), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf and stem vulnerability to cavitation, leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf_area) and K(leaf_mass)) and leaf turgor loss point (TLP) were measured in the five species and in both treatments. Leaf lifespan tended to decrease with the addition of fertilizers, and LMA was significantly higher in plants with nutrient addition compared with individuals in control plots. The vulnerability to cavitation of leaves (P50(leaf)) either increased or decreased with the nutrient treatment depending on the species, but the average P50(leaf) did not change with nutrient addition. The P50(leaf) decreased linearly with increasing LMA and LL across species and treatments. These trade-offs have an important functional significance because more expensive (higher LMA) and less vulnerable leaves (lower P50(leaf)) are retained for a longer period of time. Osmotic potentials at TLP and at full turgor became more negative with decreasing P50(leaf) regardless of nutrient treatment. The K(leaf) on a mass basis was negatively correlated with LMA and LL, indicating that there is a carbon cost associated with increased water transport that is compensated by a longer LL. The vulnerability to cavitation of stems and leaves were similar, particularly in fertilized plants. Leaves in the species studied may not function as safety valves at low water potentials to protect the hydraulic pathway from water stress-induced cavitation. The lack of rainfall seasonality in the subtropical forest studied probably does not act as a selective pressure to enhance hydraulic segmentation between leaves and stems.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals : A Review

Environmental pollution particularly from heavy metals and minerals in the wastewater is the most serious problem in India. Due to extensive anthropogenic activities such as industrial operations particularly mining, agricultural processes and disposal of industrial waste materials; their concentration has increased to dangerous levels. Heavy metals in industrial effluent include nickel, chromium, lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, selenium and uranium. So far, a number of efficient methods have been reviewed for the removal of heavy metals such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, coagulation, flocculation, floatation, etc. However these methods have several disadvantages such as high reagent requirement, unpredictable metal ion removal, generation of toxic sludge etc. Adsorption process being very simple, economical, effective and versatile has become the most preferred methods for removal of toxic contaminants from wastewater. This paper reviews the use of various readily available natural materials as adsorbents of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Various low cost adsorbents reviewed includes sand, waste tea leaves eggshell, rice husk, activated carbon, zeolites, olive stones, wood sawdust etc.
Development of fuzzy-logic-based self tuning PI controller for servomotor

Direct Current (DC) servomotors are widely used in robot manipulator applications. Servomotors use feedback controller to control either the speed or the position or both, and the basic continuous feedback control is PID controller. This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of DC servomotor control built using MATLAB/Simulink, and the analysis of controller performance, namely a PID controller, PI controller, fuzzy-scheduled PID controler, and a fuzzy-logic-based self tuning PI controller on the system. The singleton fuzzification is used as a fuzzifier. The center average is used as a defuzzifier. Two control modes are applied in sequential to the plant: speed control, and then position control. Simulation results show that fuzzy-logic-based self tuning PI controller has the best performance compared to conventional PID controller and fuzzy-scheduled PID controler.
Frequent polymorphism at drug resistance sites in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase.

BACKGROUND
Failure of antiretroviral therapy may result from the selection of pre-existing, drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, but the frequency and type of such variants have not been defined.


OBJECTIVE
We used single genome sequencing (SGS) to characterize the frequency of polymorphism at drug resistance sites in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) in plasma samples from antiretroviral naive individuals.


METHODS
A total of 2229 pro-pol sequences in 79 plasma samples from 30 patients were analyzed by SGS. A mean of 28 single genome sequences was obtained from each sample. The frequency of mutations at all PR and RT sites was compared to those associated with drug resistance.


RESULTS
We detected polymorphism at one or more drug resistance sites in 27 of 30 (90%) patients. Polymorphism at positions 179 and 215 of RT was most common, both occurring in 23% of patients. Most (68%) of other drug resistance sites were polymorphic with an average of 3.2% of genomes per sample containing at least one variant from wild type. Seven drug resistance sites were polymorphic in more than 1% of genomes: PR position 33; RT positions 69, 98, 118, 179, 210, and 215. Although frequencies of synonymous polymorphism were similar at resistance and nonresistance sites, nonsynonymous polymorphism were significantly less common at drug resistance sites, implying stronger purifying selection at these positions.


CONCLUSIONS
HIV-1 variants that are polymorphic at drug resistance sites pre-exist frequently as minor species in antiretroviral naive individuals. Standard genotype techniques have grossly underestimated their frequency.
MULTIVARIATE EXTREMES, AGGREGATION AND DEPENDENCE IN ELLIPTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

In this paper, we clarify dependence properties of elliptical distributions by deriving general but explicit formulae for the coefficients of upper and lower tail dependence and spectral measures with respect to different norms. We show that an elliptically distributed random vector is regularly varying if and only if the bivariate marginal distributions have tail dependence. Furthermore, the tail dependence coefficients are fully determined by the tail index of the random vector (or equivalently of its components) and the linear correlation coefficient. Whereas Kendall’s tau is invariant in the class of elliptical distributions with continuous marginals and a fixed dispersion matrix, we show that this is not true for Spearman’s rho. We also show that sums of elliptically distributed random vectors with the same dispersion matrix (up to a positive constant factor) remain elliptical if they are dependent only through their radial parts.
Mathematical basics of motion and deformation in computer graphics

classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2962-0/14/08 Mathematical Basics of Motion and Deformation in Computer Graphics
Action Recognition using Visual Attention

MOTIVATION Attention based models have been shown to achieve promising results on several challenging tasks, including caption generation [9], machine translation [1], game-playing and tracking [4]. Attention based models can potentially infer the action happening in videos by focusing only on the relevant places in each video frame. Soft-attention models are deterministic and can be trained using backpropagation. We propose a soft-attention based model for action recognition in videos. We use multi-layered Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Our model tends to recognize important elements in video frames based on the activities it detects.
Reliability and failure analysis of Sn-Ag-Cu solder interconnections for PSGA packages on Ni/Au surface finish

The reliability and failure modes of eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints were studied and compared to eutectic Sn-Pb-Ag ones. Two different failure modes occur: brittle fracture and fatigue. The results show that with a Ni/Au surface finish the reliability of Sn-Ag-Cu solder is much better than that of Sn-Pb-Ag solder. First, when the joint is deformed at high thermomechanical strain, the chance of brittle fracture at the Ni-Au interface is significantly reduced when using Sn-Ag-Cu solder. The reason is a reduced formation of the brittle (Au, Ni)Sn/sub 4/ intermetallic at the UBM interface, responsible for the brittle fracture mode. Second, after deformation at low thermomechanical strain, both solders fail due to solder fatigue, but the Sn-Ag-Cu shows a better lifetime. This better reliability of the Sn-Ag-Cu solder is attributed to a new solder fatigue mechanism: the crack propagates through the bulk of the solder in a web-fashion way, linking the Au-containing particles formed in the volume. This is beneficial for the joint reliability as it hinders the crack propagation.