LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic grouping of parts in flexible manufacturing systems — a self-organizing neural networks approach

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently been recognized as a worthwhile tool for supporting manufacturing operations. This paper reviews AI-related approaches to Group Technology (GT) and presents the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) network, a special type of neural networks, as an intelligent tool for grouping parts and machines. SOM can learn from complex, multi-dimensional data and transform them into visually decipherable clusters. What sets this technique apart from others in GT is that SOM offers the flexibility of choosing from multiple grouping alternatives. SOM can be used in a dynamic situation where quick response to changes in part designs, process plans, or manufacturing conditions is essential, and thus it can be more easily integrated into a Flexible Manufacturing System. The paper proposes a framework of an intelligent system that integrates the neural networks approach and a knowledge-based system to provide decision supporting functions.
A Survey on the Economics of Behaviour-Based Price Discrimination

Su ur rv ve ey y o on n t th he e E Ec co on no om mi ic cs s o of f B Be eh ha av vi io ou ur r-B Ba as se ed d P Pr ri ic ce e D Di is sc cr ri im mi in na at ti io on n " " Rosa Branca Esteves NIPE WP 5 / 2009 " " A A S Su ur rv ve ey y o on n t th he e E Ec co on no om mi ic cs s o of f B Be eh ha av vi io ou ur r-B Ba as se ed d P Pr ri ic ce e D Di is sc cr ri im mi in na at ti io on n " " R Ro os sa a B Br ra an nc ca a E Es st te ev ve es s
A Survey Paper on PID Control System

This paper concentrates on the work done on the PID control system specially on time delaying systems like network control systems. The different works which have already been done are summarised here like gain margin, phase margin methods. The absolute focal point on time delayed systemare the delays induced by network and the packet losses. This survey paper covers the study on such methods that compensates these
Evident based Case Study and Analysis on Lane - Change Detection

main goal of this article is to offer various insights in the domain of lane detection system of ITS. More specifically, we provide an overview of various lane detection techniques by establishing several ways of categorization in tabular form. Finally, we spot the left over gaps both in research and in system level evaluation and propose research directions for bridging these gaps. A procedure of lane detection has also been discussed in this paper. Moreover analysis of accidents for last decade has been discussed. KeywordsLane Detection, Accident
Comparing Evaluation Metrics for Sentence Boundary Detection

In recent NIST evaluations on sentence boundary detection, a single error metric was used to describe performance. Additional metrics, however, are available for such tasks, in which a word stream is partitioned into subunits. This paper compares alternative evaluation metrics - including the NIST error rate, classification error rate per word boundary, precision and recall, ROC curves, DET curves, precision-recall curves, and area under the curves - and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each. Unlike many studies in machine learning, we use real data for a real task. We find benefit from using curves in addition to a single metric. Furthermore, we find that data skew has an impact on metrics, and that differences among different system outputs are more visible in precision-recall curves. Results are expected to help us better understand evaluation metrics that should be generalizable to similar language processing tasks.
Empirical comparison of fast partitioning-based clustering algorithms for large data sets

Several fast algorithms for clustering very large data sets have been proposed in the literature, including CLARA, CLARANS, GAC-R, and GAC-RARw. CLARA is a combination of a sampling procedure and the classical PAM algorithm, while CLARANS adopts a serial randomized search strategy to find the optimal set of medoids. GAC-R and GAC-RARw exploit genetic search heuristics for solving clustering problems. In this research, we conducted an empirical comparison of these four clustering algorithms over a wide range of data characteristics described by data size, number of clusters, cluster distinctness, cluster asymmetry, and data randomness. According to the experimental results, CLARANS outperforms its counterparts both in clustering quality and execution time when the number of clusters increases, clusters are more closely related, more asymmetric clusters are present, or more random objects exist in the data set. With a specific number of clusters, CLARA can efficiently achieve satisfactory clustering quality when the data size is larger, whereas GAC-R and GACRARw can achieve satisfactory clustering quality and efficiency when the data size is small, the number of clusters is small, and clusters are more distinct and symmetric. q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Price , Quality , and Value : A Means-End Model

ions. They also presume that consumers carefully calculate the give and get components of value, an assumption that did not hold true for most consumers in the exploratory study. Price as a Quality Indicator Most experimental studies related to quality have focused on price as the key extrinsic quality signal. As suggested in the propositions, price is but one of several potentially useful extrinsic cues; brand name or package may be equally or more important, especially in packaged goods. Further, evidence of a generalized price-perceived quality relationship is inconclusive. Quality research may benefit from a de-emphasis on price as the main extrinsic quality indicator. Inclusion of other important indicators, as well as identification of situations in which each of those indicators is important, may provide more interesting and useful answers about the extrinsic signals consumers use. Management Implications An understanding of what quality and value mean to consumers offers the promise of improving brand positions through more precise market analysis and segmentation, product planning, promotion, and pricing strategy. The model presented here suggests the following strategies that can be implemented to understand and capitalize on brand quality and value. Close the Quality Perception Gap Though managers increasingly acknowledge the importance of quality, many continue to define and measure it from the company's perspective. Closing the gap between objective and perceived quality requires that the company view quality the way the consumer does. Research that investigates which cues are important and how consumers form impressions of qualConsumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value / 17 ity based on those technical, objective cues is necessary. Companies also may benefit from research that identifies the abstract dimensions of quality desired by consumers in a product class. Identify Key Intrinsic and Extrinsic Attribute
Multicontrast high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging and its value in differentiating intracranial vasculopathic processes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although studies have attempted to differentiate intracranial vascular disease using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VWI), none have incorporated multicontrast imaging. This study uses T1- and T2-weighted VWI to differentiate intracranial vasculopathies.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients with clinically defined intracranial vasculopathies causing luminal stenosis/irregularity who underwent VWI studies. Two blinded experts evaluated T1 precontrast and postcontrast and T2-weighted VWI characteristics, including the pattern of wall thickening; presence, pattern, and intensity of postcontrast enhancement; and T2 signal characteristics.


RESULTS
Twenty-one cases of atherosclerosis (intracranial atherosclerotic disease [ICAD]), 4 of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and 4 of vasculitis were identified, with a total of 118 stenotic lesions (81 ICAD, 22 reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and 15 vasculitic lesions). There was substantial to excellent inter-reader agreement for the assessment of lesional T2 hyperintensity (κ=0.80), pattern of wall thickening (κ=0.87), presence (κ=0.90), pattern (κ=0.73), and intensity (κ=0.77) of enhancement. ICAD lesions were significantly more likely to have eccentric wall involvement (90.1%) than reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (8.2%; P<0.001) and vasculitic lesions (6.7%; P<0.001) and were also more likely to have T2 hyperintensity present than the other 2 vasculopathies (79% versus 0%; P<0.001). There were also significant differences in the presence, intensity, and pattern of enhancement between all lesion types. Combining T1 and T2 VWI increased the sensitivity of VWI in differentiating ICAD from other vasculopathies from 90.1% to 96.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
Multicontrast VWI can be a complementary tool for intracranial vasculopathy differentiation, which often leads to more invasive workups when reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and vasculitis are in the differential diagnosis.
Identification of Key Companies for International Profit Shifting in the Global Ownership Network

In the global economy, the intermediate companies owned by multinational corporations are becoming an important policy issue as they are likely to cause international profit shifting and diversion of foreign direct investments. The purpose of this analysis is to call the intermediate companies with high risk of international profit shifting as key firms and to identifying and clarify them. For this aim, we propose a model that focuses on each affiliate’s position on the ownership structure of each multinational corporation. Based on the information contained in the Orbis database, we constructed the Global Ownership Network, reflecting the relationship that can give significant influence to a firm, and analyzed for large multinational corporations listed in Fortune Global 500. In this analysis, first, we confirmed the validity of this model by identifying affiliates playing an important role in international tax avoidance at a certain degree. Secondly, intermediate companies are mainly found in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, etc., and tended to be located in jurisdictions favorable to treaty shopping. And it was found that such key firms are concentrated on the IN component of the bow-tie structure that the giant weakly connected component of the Global Ownership Network consist of. Therefore, it clarifies that the key firms are geographically located in specific jurisdictions, and concentrates on specific components in the Global Ownership Network. The location of key firms are related with the ease of treaty shopping, and there is a difference in the jurisdiction where key firms are located depending on the location of the multinational corporations.
Robust adaptive Kalman filtering-based speech enhancement algorithm

The paper deals with the problem of speech enhancement when only a corrupted speech signal is available for processing. Kalman filtering is known as an effective speech enhancement technique, in which the speech signal is usually modeled as an autoregressive (AR) model and represented in the state-space domain. Various approaches based on the Kalman filter have been presented in the literature. They usually operate in two steps: first, additive noise and driving process statistics and speech model parameters are estimated and second, the speech signal is estimated by using Kalman filtering. In the paper, sequential estimators are used for suboptimal adaptive estimation of the unknown a priori driving process and of additive noise statistics simultaneously with the system state. The estimation of time-varying AR signal model is based on a robust recursive least-square algorithm with variable forgetting factor. The proposed algorithm provides improved state estimates at little computational expense.
Neural network prediction model for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the US-Mexico border in El Paso (Texas) and Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua)

The daily average PM2.5 concentration forecast is a leading component nowadays in air quality research, which is necessary to perform in order to assess the impact of air on the health and welfare of every living being. The present work is aimed at analyzing and benchmarking a neural-network approach to the prediction of average PM2.5 concentrations. The model thus obtained will be indispensable, as a control tool, for the purpose of preventing dangerous situations that may arise. To this end we have obtained data and measurements based on samples taken during the early hours of the day. Results from three different topologies of neural networks were compared so as to identify their potential uses, or rather, their strengths and weaknesses: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Square Multilayer Perceptron (SMLP). Moreover, two classical models were built (a persistence model and a linear regression), so as to compare their results with the ones provided by the neural network models. The results clearly demonstrated that the neural approach not only outperformed the classical models but also showed fairly similar values among different topologies. Moreover, a differential behavior in terms of stability and length of the training phase emerged during testing as well. The RBF shows up to be the network with the shortest training times, combined with a greater stability during the prediction stage, thus characterizing this topology as an ideal solution for its use in environmental applications instead of the widely used and less effective MLP. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review

Systematically search and analyse the results of surgical and non-surgical treatments for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. A structured systematic review of the literature was performed to identify surgical and non-surgical therapeutic studies reporting on ten or more adults with insertional Achilles tendinopathy. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE (Classic) and the Cochrane database of controlled trials (1945–March 2011) were searched. The Coleman methodology score was used to assess the quality of included articles, and these were analysed with an emphasis on change in pain score, patient satisfaction and complication rate. Of 451 reviewed abstracts, 14 trials met our inclusion criteria evaluating 452 procedures in 433 patients. Five surgical techniques were evaluated; all had a good patient satisfaction (avg. 89 %). The complication ratio differed substantially between techniques. Two studies analysed injections showing significant decrease in visual analogue scale (VAS). Eccentric exercises showed a significant decrease in VAS, but a large group of patients was unsatisfied. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) was superior to both wait-and-see and an eccentric training regime. One study evaluated laser CO2, TECAR and cryoultrasound, all with significant decrease in VAS. Despite differences in outcome and complication ratio, the patient satisfaction is high in all surgical studies. It is not possible to draw conclusions regarding the best surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. ESWT seems effective in patients with non-calcified insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Although both eccentric exercises resulted in a decrease in VAS score, full range of motion eccentric exercises shows a low patient satisfaction compared to floor level exercises and other conservative treatment modalities. III.
Mismatch repair status in the prediction of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

AIM
Some retrospective studies have shown a lack of benefit of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient colorectal cancer. Our aim was to assess if this molecular marker can predict benefit from 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy. A second objective was to determine if MMR status influences short term survival.


METHODS
We included 754 patients with a median follow up of 728.5 days (range 1-1097). A total of 260 patients with stage II or III tumours received 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy, according to standard clinical criteria and irrespective of their MMR status. A tumour was considered MMR deficient when either BAT-26 showed instability or there was loss of MLH1 or MSH2 protein expression.


RESULTS
At the end of the follow up period, 206 patients died and 120 presented with tumour recurrence. Sixty six (8.8%) patients had MMR deficient tumours. There were no significant differences in overall survival (MMR competent 72.1%; MMR deficient 78.8%; p = 0.3) or disease free survival (MMR competent 61.3%; MMR deficient 72.3%; p = 0.08). In patients with stage II and III tumours, benefit from 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy was restricted to patients with MMR competent tumours (overall survival: chemotherapy 87.1%; non-chemotherapy 73.5%; log rank, p = 0.00001). Patients with MMR deficient tumours did not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (overall survival: chemotherapy 89.5%; non-chemotherapy 82.4%; log rank, p = 0.4).


CONCLUSIONS
Benefit from 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy depends on the MMR status of tumours in patients with colorectal cancer. 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with MMR competent tumours but this benefit from chemotherapy cannot be extended to patients with MMR deficient tumours.
Alignment-free phylogenetics and population genetics

Phylogenetics and population genetics are central disciplines in evolutionary biology. Both are based on comparative data, today usually DNA sequences. These have become so plentiful that alignment-free sequence comparison is of growing importance in the race between scientists and sequencing machines. In phylogenetics, efficient distance computation is the major contribution of alignment-free methods. A distance measure should reflect the number of substitutions per site, which underlies classical alignment-based phylogeny reconstruction. Alignment-free distance measures are either based on word counts or on match lengths, and I apply examples of both approaches to simulated and real data to assess their accuracy and efficiency. While phylogeny reconstruction is based on the number of substitutions, in population genetics, the distribution of mutations along a sequence is also considered. This distribution can be explored by match lengths, thus opening the prospect of alignment-free population genomics.
Embedded loopback test for RF ICs

This paper explores the use of on-chip or on-wafer loopback implementations for verifying performance of 5-GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) IC circuits. The loopback test diagram, the test-circuit design, and the characterization data are reported for subcircuits (attenuators, and switches) necessary to implement 5-GHz transceiver loopback. A loopback circuit that can be applied to transceiver loopback measurements is demonstrated. This research is exploratory in nature and is a first attempt at a new on-chip RF test technique.
A Test-and-Not-Treat Strategy for Onchocerciasis in Loa loa-Endemic Areas.

BACKGROUND
Implementation of an ivermectin-based community treatment strategy for the elimination of onchocerciasis or lymphatic filariasis has been delayed in Central Africa because of the occurrence of serious adverse events, including death, in persons with high levels of circulating Loa loa microfilariae. The LoaScope, a field-friendly diagnostic tool to quantify L. loa microfilariae in peripheral blood, enables rapid, point-of-care identification of persons at risk for serious adverse events.


METHODS
A test-and-not-treat strategy was used in the approach to ivermectin treatment in the Okola health district in Cameroon, where the distribution of ivermectin was halted in 1999 after the occurrence of fatal events related to L. loa infection. The LoaScope was used to identify persons with an L. loa microfilarial density greater than 20,000 microfilariae per milliliter of blood, who were considered to be at risk for serious adverse events, and exclude them from ivermectin distribution. Active surveillance for posttreatment adverse events was performed daily for 6 days.


RESULTS
From August through October 2015, a total of 16,259 of 22,842 persons 5 years of age or older (71.2% of the target population) were tested for L. loa microfilaremia. Among the participants who underwent testing, a total of 15,522 (95.5%) received ivermectin, 340 (2.1%) were excluded from ivermectin distribution because of an L. loa microfilarial density above the risk threshold, and 397 (2.4%) were excluded because of pregnancy or illness. No serious adverse events were observed. Nonserious adverse events were recorded in 934 participants, most of whom (67.5%) had no detectable L. loa microfilariae.


CONCLUSIONS
The LoaScope-based test-and-not-treat strategy enabled the reimplementation of community-wide ivermectin distribution in a heretofore "off limits" health district in Cameroon and is a potentially practical approach to larger-scale ivermectin treatment for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in areas where L. loa infection is endemic. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).
Introduction to "The Supersymmetric World: The Beginnings of The Theory"

This is the foreword to the book we edited on the origins and early development of supersymmetry, which has been just issued by World Scientific. This book presents a view on the discovery of supersymmetry and pioneering investigations before summer 1976, mainly in the words of people who participated. It combines anecdotal descriptions and personal reminiscences with more technical summaries of the trailblazers, covering the birth of the theory and its first years -- origin of the idea, four-dimensional field theory realization, and supergravity. The eyewitnesses convey to us the drama of one of the deepest discoveries in theoretical physics in the 20-th century. Contributors: V. Akulov, R. Di Stefano, P. Fayet, S. Ferrara, G.-L. Gervais, N. Koretz-Golfand, E. Likhtman, M. Marinov, A. Neveu, L. O'Raifeartaigh, P. Ramond, B. Sakita, J. Schwarz, M. Sohnius, V. Soroka, J. Strathdee, D. Volkov, J. Wess, P. West.
The relationship between system usage and user satisfaction: a meta-analysis

Purpose – System usage and user satisfaction are widely accepted and used as surrogate measures of IS success. Past studies attempted to explore the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction but findings are mixed, inconclusive and misleading. The main objective of this research is to better understand and explain the nature and strength of the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving the existing inconsistencies in the IS research and to validate this relationship empirically as defined in Delone and McLean’s IS success model. Design/methodology/approach – “Meta-analysis” as a research approach was adopted because of its suitability regarding the nature of the research and its capability of dealing with exploring relationships that may be obscured in other approaches to synthesize research findings. Meta-analysis findings contributed towards better explaining the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction, the main objectives of this research. Findings – This research examines critically the past findings and resolves the existing inconsistencies. The meta-analysis findings explain that there exists a significant positive relationship between “system usage” and “user satisfaction” (i.e. r 1⁄4 0:2555) although not very strong. This research empirically validates this relationship that has already been proposed by Delone and McLean in their IS success model. Provides a guide for future research to explore the mediating variables that might affect the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction. Originality/value – This research better explains the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving contradictory findings in the past research and contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to IS success.