LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Sildenafil in women with sexual arousal disorder following spinal cord injury

Study design:Double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral sildenafil in women with female sexual arousal disorder as a result of SCI (paraplegia/tetraplegia).Setting:The study was conducted at clinical practice sites in North America (n =23), 11 European countries (n =23), Australia (n =4) and South Africa (n =2).Methods:129 women were randomized and treated with sildenafil or matching placebo. A 4-week baseline period was followed by 12 weeks of treatment, which could be increased from 50 to 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg once during the treatment period, depending on efficacy and tolerability. By use of an event log, sexual activity was monitored between screening and the end of treatment. The Sexual Function Questionnaire, the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire–Female, a global efficacy question and Sexual Distress Question were also assessed.Results:Sildenafil-treated women and placebo-treated women had an increase in their percentage of sexual activities throughout the course of the study, with no statistically significant difference between groups in the percentage of successful sexual activities at end of treatment versus baseline. There were also no statistically significant differences between sildenafil- and placebo-treated women on the aforementioned measures. The most common adverse events included headache and vasodilatation.Conclusion:The results of this study are similar to other reports regarding a lack of clinically meaningful benefit of sildenafil in other populations of women.Sponsorship:This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc.
A Short Survey of Biomedical Relation Extraction Techniques

Biomedical information is growing rapidly in the recent years and retrieving useful data through information extraction system is getting more attention. In the current research, we focus on different aspects of relation extraction techniques in biomedical domain and briefly describe the state-of-the-art for relation extraction between a variety of biological elements.
INTERSEX AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS Male Gender Identity in an XX Individual with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Introduction. In spite of significant changes in the management policies of intersexuality, clinical evidence show that not all pubertal or adult individuals live according to the assigned sex during infancy. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical management of an individual diagnosed as a female pseudohermaphrodite with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) simple virilizing form four decades ago but who currently lives as a monogamous heterosexual male. Methods. We studied the clinical files spanning from 1965 to 1991 of an intersex individual. In addition, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the abdominoplevic cavity and a series of interviews using the oral history method. Main Outcome Measures. Our analysis is based on the clinical evidence that led to the CAH diagnosis in the 1960s in light of recent clinical testing to confirm such diagnosis. Results. Analysis of reported values for 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, from 24-hour urine samples during an 8-year period showed poor adrenal suppression in spite of adherence to treatment. A recent MRI study confirmed the presence of hyperplastic adrenal glands as well as the presence of a prepubertal uterus. Semistructured interviews with the individual confirmed a life history consistent with a male gender identity. Conclusions. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that XX intersex individuals with CAH should be assigned to the female sex, this practice harms some individuals as they may self-identify as males. In the absence of comorbid psychiatric factors, the discrepancy between infant sex assignment and gender identity later in life underlines the need for a reexamination of current standards of care for individuals diagnosed with CAH. Jorge JC, Echeverri C, Medina Y, and Acevedo P. Male gender identity in an xx individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Sex Med 2008;5:122–131.
Graphical interface for logic programming

Much of the power of PROLOG language and logic programming is due to the unification process between variables and the matching between patterns. Moreover reasoning and theorem proving is easily achievable through the logic and the backtracking mechanism of the language.
Criminal network analysis and visualization

A new generation of data mining tools and applications work to unearth hidden patterns in large volumes of crime data.
Birth size, early childhood growth, and adolescent obesity in a Brazilian birth cohort

DESIGN: Cross-sectional visit to a subsample of a population-based birth cohort.SAMPLE: A total of 1076 adolescents aged 14–16 y; 51% males.MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, subscapular and triceps skinfolds were used for assessing overweight and obesity in adolescence, using WHO-recommended criteria. Anthropometric status in early life was measured through birthweight and through weight and length/height at average ages of 20 and 43 months.RESULTS: All analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic and maternal confounding factors. Birthweight and attained size (Z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height) at 20 and 43 months were associated linearly and positively with overweight and obesity in adolescence. Four in each five obese adolescents were not overweight in childhood. Rapid weight gain, both between birth and 20 months, and between 20 and 43 months, was also associated with adolescent overweight and with obesity. Rapid height gain between 20 and 43 months was associated with overweight only. Most associations were stronger for boys.CONCLUSIONS: Birth size, attained size in childhood and particularly growth velocity in early life were associated with increased prevalence of obesity and overweight in Brazilian adolescents. On the other hand, the vast majority of overweight or obese adolescents were not overweight children. Early interventions are undoubtedly important, but population-based strategies aimed at improving diets and physical activity appear to have greater long-term potential than measures targeted at overweight children.
Meta-Gaussian Information Bottleneck

We present a reformulation of the information bottleneck (IB) problem in terms of copula, using the equivalence between mutual information and negative copula entropy. Focusing on the Gaussian copula we extend the analytical IB solution available for the multivariate Gaussian case to distributions with a Gaussian dependence structure but arbitrary marginal densities, also called meta-Gaussian distributions. This opens new possibles applications of IB to continuous data and provides a solution more robust to outliers.
Anonymous Shopping in the Internet by Separation of Data

Whenever clients shop in the Internet, they provide identifying data of themselves to parties like the webshop, shipper and payment system. These identifying data merged with their shopping history might be misused for targeted advertisement up to possible manipulations of the clients. The data also contains credit card or bank account numbers, which may be used for unauthorized money transactions by the involved parties or by criminals hacking the parties’ computing infrastructure. In order to minimize these risks, we propose an approach for anonymous shopping by separation of data. We argue for the feasibility of our approach by discussing important operations like simple reclamation cases and criminal investigations. TYPE OF PAPER AND
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of standardized patient scenarios on dental hygiene students' confidence in providing tobacco dependence counseling.

PURPOSE
Dental hygienists report a lack of confidence in initiating Tobacco Dependence Counseling (TDC) with their patients who smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine if the confidence of dental hygiene students in providing TDC can be increased by Standardized Patient (SP) training, and if that confidence can be sustained over time.


METHODS
This 2-parallel group randomized design was used to compare the confidence of students receiving SP training to stu dents with no SP training. After a classroom lecture, all subjects (n=27) received a baseline test of knowledge and confidence. Subjects were randomly assigned to test and control groups with equivalent mean knowledge scores. The test group subjects participated in a SP TDC session. Both groups gained parallel experience to treating patients who were smokers and giving TDC in clinical scenarios during the 6 month time period. One week end-training and 6 month post-training assessments were administered to both groups. ANCOVA compared mean confidence scores.


RESULTS
End-training scores at 1 week showed a statistically significant increase (p=0.002) in overall mean confidence following SP training for individuals in the test group. The 6 month follow-up test results showed a slight decline in confidence scores among subjects in the test group and an overall gain in confidence for control group participants. However, overall confidence scores were comparable for the groups.


CONCLUSION
SP training improved dental hygiene students' initial confidence in providing TDC and was sustained, but not to a significant degree. Clinical experience alone increased confidence. Further studies may help determine how the initial confidence gained by SP training can be sustained and what the role of clinical experience plays in overall confidence in providing TDC.
Differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake and body weight status between male and female Malaysian University students.

INTRODUCTION
University students are potentially important targets for the promotion of healthy lifestyles as this may reduce the risks of lifestyle-related disorders later in life. This cross-sectional study examined differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake, weight status, and body composition between male and female university students.


METHODOLOGY
A total of 584 students (59.4% females and 40.6% males) aged 20.6 +/- 1.4 years from four Malaysian universities in the Klang Valley participated in this study. Participants completed the Eating Behaviours Questionnaire and two-day 24-hour dietary recall. Body weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat were measured.


RESULTS
About 14.3% of males and 22.4% of females were underweight, while 14.0% of males and 12.3% of females were overweight and obese. A majority of the participants (73.8% males and 74.6% females) skipped at least one meal daily in the past seven days. Breakfast was the most frequently skipped meal. Both males and females frequently snacked during morning tea time. Fruits and biscuits were the most frequently consumed snack items. More than half of the participants did not meet the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron (females only), and calcium. Significantly more males than females achieved the RNI levels for energy, protein and iron intakes.


CONCLUSION
This study highlights the presence of unhealthy eating behaviours, inadequate nutrient intake, and a high prevalence of underweight among university students. Energy and nutrient intakes differed between the sexes. Therefore, promoting healthy eating among young adults is crucial to achieve a healthy nutritional status.
Cryoablation vs radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of case series studies.

UNLABELLED
Study Type - Therapy (systematic review). Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The oncological success of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of small renal masses is well established. However, partial nephrectomy has largely supplanted the radical approach. In the last decade, laparoscopy has been adopted as the new surgical approach for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Laparoscopy offers the advantage of lower analgesic use, shorter hospital stay, and quicker recovery time. More recently, ablative technologies have been investigated as an alternative to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. These techniques can often be performed percutaneously in the radiology suite, or laparoscopically without the need for hilar clamping. However, only the cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation modalities have had widespread use with several series reporting short to intermediate results. This review shows that both cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation are promising therapies in patients with small renal tumours (<4 cm), who are considered poor candidates for more involved surgery.


OBJECTIVE
• To determine the current status of the literature regarding the clinical efficacy and complication rates of cryoablation vs radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of small renal tumours.


METHODS
• A review of the literature was conducted. There was no language restriction. Studies were obtained from the following sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS. • Inclusion criteria were (i) case series design with more than one case reported, (ii) use of cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation, (iii) patients with renal cell carcinoma and, (iv) outcome reported as clinical efficacy. • When available, we also quantified the complication rates from each included study. • Proportional meta-analysis was performed on both outcomes with a random-effects model. The 95% confidential intervals were also calculated.


RESULTS
• Thirty-one case series (20 cryoablation, 11 radiofrequency ablation) met all inclusion criteria. • The pooled proportion of clinical efficacy was 89% in cryoablation therapy from a total of 457 cases. There was a statistically significant heterogeneity between these studies showing the inconsistency of clinical and methodological aspects. • The pooled proportion of clinical efficacy was 90% in radiofrequency ablation therapy from a total of 426 cases. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between these studies. • There was no statistically significant difference regarding complications rate between cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation.


CONCLUSIONS
• This review shows that both ablation therapies have similar efficacy and complication rates. • There is urgency for performing clinical trials with long-term data to establish which intervention is most suitable for the treatment of small renal masses.
The Impact of Text-Messaging on Vocabulary Learning of Iranian EFL Learners/ IMPACT DE LA TEXT-MESSAGING SUR L'APPRENTISSAGE DU VOCABULAIRE DES APPRENANTS D'ANGLAIS EN LANGUE ETRANGERE IRANNIENNE

Vocabulary learning is one of the major challenges foreign language learners face during the process of learning a language. One way to alley the burden is to assist students in becoming independent learners during the process of L2 vocabulary learning. This could be achieved through instructing learners to use their mobile phone as an efficient tool to learn vocabulary. Mobile phones are the new addition to the information and communication technologies (ITC) for learning. The present research investigates the effectiveness of text-messaging on vocabulary learning of EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 learners from among 90 Iranian high school students participated in the study. The participants were divided into two equal groups of experimental and control based on the results of a proficiency test. The target words in the book English for Pre-University Students by Birjandi, Samimi and Anabisarab (2007) were taught to the groups, using synonyms and antonyms. Six to seven words were introduced and taught to these students each session. The participants in the experimental group were required to send the researcher SMSs containing a sentence for each covered word in class while those in the control group wrote some sentences containing the target words to exchange them with their partners and bring their assignments to the class the next session. Results of t-test analysis indicated that participants in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group. The results of this study can help teachers to provide a flexible situation to teach new vocabulary, and also provide pedagogical implications for utilizing text-messaging as an effective and flexible learning tool.
Electromagnetic diffraction of an obliquely incident plane wave by a right-angled anisotropic impedance wedge with a perfectly conducting face

The diffraction of an arbitrarily polarized electromagnetic plane wave obliquely incident on the edge of a right-angled anisotropic impedance wedge with a perfectly conducting face is analyzed. The impedance tensor on the loaded face has its principal anisotropy axes along directions parallel and perpendicular to the edge, exhibiting arbitrary surface impedance values in these directions. The proposed solution procedure applies both to the exterior and the interior right-angled wedges. The rigorous spectral solution for the field components parallel to the edge is determined through the application of the Sommerfeld–Maliuzhinets technique. A uniform asymptotic solution is provided in the framework of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD). The diffracted field is expressed in a simple closed form involving ratios of trigonometric functions and the UTD transition function. Samples of numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the asymptotic expressions proposed and to show that they contain as limit cases all previous three-dimensional (3-D) solutions for the right-angled impedance wedge with a perfectly conducting face.
DCE-MRI analysis methods for predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: pilot study findings.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this pilot study is to determine (1) if early changes in both semiquantitative and quantitative DCE-MRI parameters, observed after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, show significant difference between responders and nonresponders and (2) if these parameters can be used as a prognostic indicator of the eventual response.


METHODS
Twenty-eight patients were examined using DCE-MRI pre-, post-one cycle, and just prior to surgery. The semiquantitative parameters included longest dimension, tumor volume, initial area under the curve, and signal enhancement ratio related parameters, while quantitative parameters included K(trans), v(e), k(ep), v(p), and τ(i) estimated using the standard Tofts-Kety, extended Tofts-Kety, and fast exchange regime models.


RESULTS
Our preliminary results indicated that the signal enhancement ratio washout volume and k(ep) were significantly different between pathologic complete responders from nonresponders (P < 0.05) after a single cycle of chemotherapy. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the AUC of the signal enhancement ratio washout volume was 0.75, and the AUCs of k(ep) estimated by three models were 0.78, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively.


CONCLUSION
In summary, the signal enhancement ratio washout volume and k(ep) appear to predict breast cancer response after one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This observation should be confirmed with additional prospective studies.
Competitive priorities and managerial performance : a taxonomy of small manufacturers

Much of the research in manufacturing strategy has focused on specific relationships between a few constructs, with w relatively little emphasis on typologies and taxonomies Bozarth, C., McDermott, C., 1998. Configurations in manufacturing Ž . x strategy: a review and directions for future research. Journal of Operations Management 16 4 427–439 . Using data from 196 respondents in 98 manufacturing units, this study develops a taxonomy of small manufacturers based on their emphasis on several competitive priorities. The annual sales for 64% of the participating units in this study are below US$50 million, w which is on the lower side as compared to other studies in this area cf., Miller, J.G., Roth, A.V., 1994. A taxonomy of Ž . x manufacturing strategies. Management Science 40 3 285–304 . The study findings indicate that different groups of manufacturers — Do All, Speedy Conformers, Efficient Conformers, and Starters — emphasize different sets of competitive priorities, even within the same industry. Further, the Do All types, who emphasize all four competitive priorities, seem to perform better on customer satisfaction than their counterparts in the Starters group. The above findings lend support to the sandcone model but contradict the traditional trade-off model. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Inferior clinical outcome of the CD4+ cell count-guided antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in the SMART study: role of CD4+ Cell counts and HIV RNA levels during follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS
The SMART study compared 2 strategies for using antiretroviral therapy-drug conservation (DC) and viral suppression (VS)-in 5,472 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts >350 cells/microL. Rates and predictors of opportunistic disease or death (OD/death) and the relative risk (RR) in DC versus VS groups according to the latest CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA level are reported.


RESULTS
During a mean of 16 months of follow-up, DC patients spent more time with a latest CD4+ cell count <350 cells/microL (for DC vs. VS, 31% vs. 8%) and with a latest HIV RNA level >400 copies/mL (71% vs. 28%) and had a higher rate of OD/death (3.4 vs. 1.3/100 person-years) than VS patients. For periods of follow- up with a CD4+ cell count <350 cells/microL, rates of OD/death were increased but similar in the 2 groups (5.7 vs. 4.6/100 person-years), whereas the rates were higher in DC versus VS patients (2.3 vs. 1.0/100 person-years; RR, 2.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.4]) for periods with the latest CD4+ cell count >or= 350 cells/microL-an increase explained by the higher HIV RNA levels in the DC group.


CONCLUSIONS
The higher risk of OD/death in DC patients was associated with (1) spending more follow-up time with relative immunodeficiency and (2) living longer with uncontrolled HIV replication even at higher CD4+ cell counts. Ongoing HIV replication at a given CD4+ cell count places patients at an excess risk of OD/death.
DJIA stock selection assisted by neural network

This paper presents methodologies to select equities based on soft-computing models which focus on applying fundamental analysis for equities screening. This paper compares the performance of three soft-computing models, namely multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and general growing and pruning radial basis function (GGAP-RBF). It studies their computational time complexity; applies several benchmark matrices to compare their performance, such as generalize rate, recall rate, confusion matrices, and correlation to appreciation. This paper also suggests how equities can be picked systematically by using relative operating characteristics (ROC) curve. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.