LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The ‘ ‘ Grammar Correction ’ ’ Debate in L 2 Writing : Where are we , and where do we go from here ? ( and what do we do in the meantime . . . ? )

The efficacy of teacher error/grammar correction in second language writing classes has been the subject of much controversy, including a published debate in an earlier volume of this journal [J. Second Language Writing 8 (1999) 1; J. Second Language Writing 8 (1999) 111]. In this paper, the state-of-the-art in error correction research in L2 writing is described (‘‘Where are we?’’), directions for future research are outlined (‘‘Where do we go from here?’’) and implications for current L2 composition pedagogy are suggested (‘‘What do we do in the meantime?’’). The primary thesis of the paper is that, despite the published debate and several decades of research activity in this area, we are virtually at Square One, as the existing research base is incomplete and inconsistent, and it would certainly be premature to formulate any conclusions about this topic. Thus, findings from previous research on this controversial yet ubiquitous pedagogical issue are recast as ‘‘predictions’’ about what future research might discover, rather than ‘‘conclusions’’ about what the previous research shows us. # 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Protocol adherence and the progression of cardiovascular calcification in the ADVANCE study.

BACKGROUND
The ADVANCE study assessed the progression of vascular and cardiac valve calcification in 360 hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) assigned randomly to treatment either with cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D (≤ 6 µg/week of intravenous paricalcitol equivalent) or with varying doses of vitamin D alone for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC).


METHODS
In this post-hoc analysis, we compared CAC progression among 70 protocol-adherent subjects given cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D (CPA) as specified in the study protocol and 120 control subjects given vitamin D sterols.


RESULTS
Baseline patient characteristics did not differ between CPA and control subjects. The mean (standard error of the mean, SEM) doses of vitamin D at week 2 were 4.7 (0.3) and 12.8 (1.0) µg/week in CPA and control subjects, respectively, and the corresponding mean cumulative doses of vitamin D over 52 weeks in each group were 225 (22) and 671 (47) µg. The median change in Agatston CAC score after 52 weeks was less in CPA subjects than in controls (17.8% versus 31.3%, P = 0.02). The median increase in calcification scores in the aortic valve also was less in CPA subjects than in controls (6.0% versus 51.5% P = 0.02). Reductions in serum parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly greater in CPA subjects than in controls (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The progression of cardiovascular calcification was attenuated among cinacalcet-treated subjects with sHPT given low doses of vitamin D per protocol compared with control subjects in whom sHPT was treated with higher doses of vitamin D sterols alone.
The Randomized Dependence Coefficient

We introduce the Randomized Dependence Coefficient (RDC), a measure of nonlinear dependence between random variables of arbitrary dimension based on the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Rényi Maximum Correlation Coefficient. RDC is defined in terms of correlation of random non-linear copula projections; it is invariant with respect to marginal distribution transformations, has low computational cost and is easy to implement: just five lines of R code, included at the end of the paper.
Partially transferred convolution neural network with cross-layer inheriting for posture recognition from top-view depth camera

This paper proposes a new method for human posture recognition from top-view depth maps on small training datasets. There are two strategies developed to leverage the capability of convolution neural network (CNN) in mining the fundamental and generic features for recognition. First, the early layers of CNN should serve the function to extract feature without specific representation. By applying the concept of transfer learning, the first few layers from the pre-learned VGG model can be used directly without further fine-tuning. To alleviate the computational loading and to increase the accuracy of our partially transferred model, a cross-layer inheriting feature fusion (CLIFF) is proposed by using the information from the early layer in fully connected layer without further processing. The experimental result shows that combination of partial transferred model and CLIFF can provide better performance than VGG16 [1] model with re-trained FC layer and other hand-crafted features like RBPs [2].
Active rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cognitive-behavioral, physical, or both? First direct post-treatment results from a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN22714229]

BACKGROUND
The treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain is often based on three different models regarding the development and maintenance of pain and especially functional limitations: the deconditioning model, the cognitive behavioral model and the biopsychosocial model. There is evidence that rehabilitation of patients with chronic low back pain is more effective than no treatment, but information is lacking about the differential effectiveness of different kinds of rehabilitation. A direct comparison of a physical, a cognitive-behavioral treatment and a combination of both has never been carried out so far.


METHODS
The effectiveness of active physical, cognitive-behavioral and combined treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain compared with a waiting list control group was determined by performing a randomized controlled trial in three rehabilitation centers. Two hundred and twenty three patients were randomized, using concealed block randomization to one of the following treatments, which they attended three times a week for 10 weeks: Active Physical Treatment (APT), Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT), Combined Treatment of APT and CBT (CT), or Waiting List (WL). The outcome variables were self-reported functional limitations, patient's main complaints, pain, mood, self-rated treatment effectiveness, treatment satisfaction and physical performance including walking, standing up, reaching forward, stair climbing and lifting. Assessments were carried out by blinded research assistants at baseline and immediately post-treatment. The data were analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle.


RESULTS
For 212 patients, data were available for analysis. After treatment, significant reductions were observed in functional limitations, patient's main complaints and pain intensity for all three active treatments compared to the WL. Also, the self-rated treatment effectiveness and satisfaction appeared to be higher in the three active treatments. Several physical performance tasks improved in APT and CT but not in CBT. No clinically relevant differences were found between the CT and APT, or between CT and CBT.


CONCLUSION
All three active treatments were effective in comparison to no treatment, but no clinically relevant differences between the combined and the single component treatments were found.
Intervention with dietary fiber to treat constipation and reduce laxative use in residents of nursing homes.

BACKGROUND
Residents of nursing homes have lost their independence. Recent studies reported that nutritional problems arise in nursing homes. These problems are correlated with changed eating habits and geriatric constipation which is predominantly treated with laxatives. These interventions are not always without risk since frequent usage of laxatives may be accompanied by several side effects. Dietary fibers also affect stool weight and transit time. Therefore, oat-bran effectiveness in reducing the need for bowel medication was examined.


AIM
To develop diets with the addition of oat bran for reduction of laxatives and to improve the inhabitants' well-being in a long-term-care facility.


METHODS
A controlled blind parallel intervention trial among 30 frail inhabitants of a geriatric ward aged 57-100 years with laxative use. An intervention and a control group were formed. 15 of them received oat bran for 12 weeks (fiber group) mixed up in the daily common diet of the ward and 15 served as control (control group). Laxative use, body weight and the observations concerning the eating habits of the elderly were documented.


RESULTS
A cake with the required dietary fibers and the complaisant acceptance of the seniors was developed. Laxatives were successfully discontinued by 59% (p < 0.001) in the fiber group. Body weight remained constant in the fiber group and decreased in the control group (p < 0.005).


CONCLUSION
Fiber supplementation in the form of a cake allows discontinuation of laxatives and increases the seniors' well-being in a nursing home.
The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care.

BACKGROUND
In recent years the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) has been extensively used as a short screening instrument, producing results that are comparable to longer versions of the GHQ.


METHODS
The validity of the GHQ-12 was compared with the GHQ-28 in a World Health organization study of psychological disorders in general health care. Results are presented for 5438 patients interviewed in 15 centres using the primary care version of the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument, or CIDI-PC.


RESULTS
Results were uniformly good, with the average area under the ROC curve 88, range from 83 to 95. Minor variations in the criteria used for defining a case made little difference to the validity of the GHQ, and complex scoring methods offered no advantages over simpler ones. The GHQ was translated into 10 other languages for the purposes of this study, and validity coefficients were almost as high as in the original language. There was no tendency for the GHQ to work less efficiently in developing countries. Finally gender, age and educational level are shown to have no significant effect on the validity of the GHQ.


CONCLUSIONS
If investigators wish to use a screening instrument as a case detector, the shorter GHQ is remarkably robust and works as well as the longer instrument. The latter should only be preferred if there is an interest in the scaled scores provided in addition to the total score.
Нравственный аспект образовательных систем в информационном социуме

The article deals with the problems of moral imperatives in the education. The author identifies invariant ethical educational characteristics of communication processes in the modern information society, associated with understanding of inter-frame interactions, universal mechanisms of scholar schools development, and values that go back to the traditional forms of cultural self-identity in education.
Polymer-free sirolimus-eluting versus polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents: an individual patient data analysis of randomized trials.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
The angiographic and clinical efficacy of polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents vs polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents remain a matter of debate. We sought to investigate angiographic and clinical measures of efficacy of polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents vs polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents.


METHODS
Patient data from the randomized intracoronary stenting and angiographic restenosis-test equivalence between the 2 drug-eluting stents (ISAR-TEST) clinical trial and the LIPSIA Yukon clinical trial (randomized comparison of a polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent vs a polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with diabetes mellitus) were pooled. The angiographic (primary) endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss at 6 months to 9 months. The clinical (secondary) endpoints were death or myocardial infarction, cardiac death or myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and myocardial infarction.


RESULTS
A total of 686 patients (polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents, n=345 vs polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents, n=341) and 751 lesions (polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents, n=383 vs polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents, n=368) were included in the study. Control angiography (606 lesions, 80.6%) showed comparable in-stent late lumen loss for polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents vs polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents (0.53 [0.59] mm vs 0.46 [0.57] mm; P=.15). Median follow-up was 34.8 months. Polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents and polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents were associated with comparable risk of death or myocardial infarction (relative risk=1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-2.80; P=.71), cardiac death or myocardial infarction (relative risk=1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.89; P=.50), target lesion revascularization (relative risk=0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.47; P=.93), and myocardial infarction (relative risk=1.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-3.76; P=.12).


CONCLUSIONS
In this pooled analysis, polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents were comparable to polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents with respect to both angiographic and clinical efficacy.
Detailed characterization of, and clinical correlations in, 10 patients with distal deletions of chromosome 9p

Purpose: Deletions of distal 9p are associated with trigonocephaly, mental retardation, dysmorphic facial features, cardiac anomalies, and abnormal genitalia. Previous studies identified a proposed critical region for the consensus phenotype in band 9p23, between 11.8 Mb and 16 Mb from the 9p telomere. Here we report 10 new patients with 9p deletions; 9 patients have clinical features consistent with 9p− syndrome, but possess terminal deletions smaller than most reported cases, whereas one individual lacks the 9p− phenotype and shows a 140-kb interstitial telomeric deletion inherited from his mother.Methods: We combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and microarray analyses to delineate the size of each deletion.Results: The deletion sizes vary from 800 kb to 12.4 Mb in our patients with clinically relevant phenotypes. Clinical evaluation and comparison showed little difference in physical features with regard to the deletion sizes. Severe speech and language impairment were observed in all patients with clinically relevant phenotypes.Conclusion: The smallest deleted region common to our patients who demonstrate a phenotype consistent with 9p− is <2 Mb of 9pter, which contains six known genes. These genes may contribute to some of the cardinal features of 9p deletion syndrome.
The Frequency of Multifactorial Syndromes in Geriatrics of Tuzla Canton Population

Introduction
There are four main multifactorial syndromes in geriatrics the so-called "4N", which specifically occur at elderly patients. Listed syndromes often occur related, and they can be the cause and the result of many other syndromes at geriatric patients.


Objective
determine the difference in the assessment of the level of immobility, instability, dependence, urinary incontinence ("4N") in elderly groups.


Materials and methods
The research included total 200 elderly respondents experimental group made of elderly persons (>65 years) living alone. Control group included elderly persons living in a family environment. Universal geriatric questionnaire was made for this research. For fast orientation the redone questionnaire was used for our conditions: examination in clinics for usual elderly problems "Short list for examination". For the assessment of the mental abilities reduction at elderly we used "Short portable mental status questionnaire" (SPMSQ).


Results
In total sample the research included 200 elderly respondents, 45% in experimental group and 55% in control group. The average age (±SD) was 75,4±6,2 years in the experimental group, while in the control group the average age was 74,9±5,6 years. We notice nearly equal distribution of falling risk according to groups (50%, 47%). In total sample there were 62% mobile, 22,5% limited mobility, and 4% immobile. Dependence frequency was more represented at examination group respondents (p=0,002). Dependence chances (OR) were 2,05 times larger (95 %CI=1,12-3,75) in examination group than in control group respondents. Frequency of urinary incontinence problem is significantly represented at all our respondents (42,2% v.s. 35%).


Conclusion
Permanent gerontology and geriatrics training is needed both family medicine doctors and other experts in the field of elderly health protection and preventive health measures, pharmacotherapy, palliative care, especially about four main geriatrics syndromes at elderly.
A family of triply periodic Costa surfaces

Among all known complete embedded minimal surfaces in R3 the triply periodic ones form the richest class of examples regarding variety of genus and symmetry group. For instance, the gyroid can be pointed out as a complete minimal surface containing neither straight lines nor reflectional symmetry curves. Another curiosity is the associate family from the Schwarz P-Surface till its conjugate, the D-Surface, which has the gyroid as an intermediate embedded member (see [4], p. 25). Another associate family with such a behaviour is unknown outside the triply periodic class. The variety of triply periodic minimal surfaces has been known much earlier than most of the non-triply periodic examples, even if the existence proof of the formers took longer to be concluded. The first five examples came out in 1890 due to a work of H.A. Schwarz and his students [18]. This work inspired A.H. Schoen [17] who presented 17 other such surfaces in 1970. Later in 1989 H. Karcher [9] proved the existence of these triply periodic examples and found many others with the conjugate surface method. In this paper we enrich this class, not only by presenting a new family of triply periodic minimal surfaces in R3, but also with a full study of this family which includes uniqueness and limits. Such a thorough study is rare to be found among other triply periodic examples. Moreover, in this new family the boundary contour of the conjugate surfaces patch does not project onto any convex domain. Hence, the classical Plateau approach fails for these particular surfaces and they are perhaps the simplest such examples. In order to find new surfaces one can make use of already known examples like the Costa surface, which gave rise to the “Mk-Costa-Hoffman-Meeks” families [7], later generalised by D. Hoffman and H. Karcher [5]. In this present paper, once more the Costa surface turns out to be a source of new results.
Artificial intelligence - a modern approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall. Series in Artificial Intelligence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

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Recognition of normal-abnormal phonocardiographic signals using deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients.

Intensive care unit patients are heavily monitored, and several clinically-relevant parameters are routinely extracted from high resolution signals.


OBJECTIVE
The goal of the 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge was to encourage the creation of an intelligent system that fused information from different phonocardiographic signals to create a robust set of normal/abnormal signal detections.


APPROACH
Deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients were used for recognition of normal-abnormal phonocardiographic signals of the human heart. This technique was developed using the PhysioNet.org Heart Sound database and was submitted for scoring on the challenge test set.


MAIN RESULTS
The current entry for the proposed approach obtained an overall score of 84.15% in the last phase of the challenge, which provided the sixth official score and differs from the best score of 86.02% by just 1.87%.