LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Increases in plasma lycopene concentration after consumption of tomatoes cooked with olive oil.

Lycopene is the main carotenoid in tomatoes and it has been hypothesised to be responsible for reducing the risk of some cancers and heart disease. The cooking of tomatoes with olive oil is a characteristic combination in the Southern Mediterranean diet. Previous studies have shown that the absorption of lycopene is greater from processed tomatoes than fresh tomatoes, since the processing breaks down the tomato cell matrix and makes the lycopene more available. The aim of the present study was to determine whether consumption of diced tomatoes cooked with olive oil resulted in higher plasma lycopene concentrations than consumption of diced tomatoes cooked without olive oil. Plasma lycopene concentrations were measured after 5 days on a low lycopene diet and again after a five-day dietary intervention, in healthy subjects, who consumed one meal per day of tomatoes (470 g) cooked with or without extra virgin olive oil (25 ml olive oil). There was an 82% increase in plasma trans-lycopene (P< 0.001) and a 40% in cis-lycopene (P = 0.002) concentrations in the 11 subjects who consumed tomatoes cooked in olive oil. There was no significant change in trans-lycopene (P = 0.684) and a 15% increase in cis-lycopene (P = 0.007) concentrations in 12 subjects consuming tomatoes cooked without olive oil. We conclude that the addition of olive oil to diced tomatoes during cooking greatly increases the absorption of lycopene. The results highlight the importance of cuisine (i.e how a food is prepared and consumed) in determining the bioavailability of dietary carotenoids such as lycopene.
Associations between parental report of the home food environment and adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods.

OBJECTIVE
This study examines parental report of household food availability, parent dietary intake and associations with adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study. Adolescents completed the Project EAT survey and the Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire at school. Parents of adolescents were interviewed by telephone about the home food environment, eating habits and weight-related behaviours. General linear modelling was used to compare dietary intakes of adolescents across different levels of household food availability and parental intakes.


SUBJECTS/SETTING
The study sample included 902 adolescents and their parent or guardian.


RESULTS
Many parents were not consuming the minimum number of daily recommended fruit (44.5%), vegetable (69.9%) or dairy (46.9%) servings. While most parents reported that fruits and vegetables were available at home (90.3%) and vegetables were usually served at dinner (87.0%), fewer parents reported milk was served at meals (66.6%). Soft drinks were usually available at home (56.8%). Among girls, household availability was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (ttrend=2.70, P<0.01) and soft drink availability was inversely associated with dairy intake (ttrend=2.08, P=0.04). Among boys, serving milk at meals was positively associated with dairy intake (ttrend=3.65, P<0.01). Parental intakes were positively associated with dairy intake for boys (ttrend=2.04, P=0.04), and with dairy (ttrend=2.43, P=0.01), vegetable (ttrend=3.72, P<0.01) and fruit (ttrend=3.17, P<0.01) intakes for girls.


CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS
Interventions designed to help adolescents improve consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods may be enhanced by including a parental component aimed at increasing household availability and parents' intake of healthful food choices.
Review of studies of healing touch.

PURPOSE
To review studies of healing touch and its implications for practice and research.


DESIGN
A review of the literature from published works, abstracts from conference proceedings, theses, and dissertations was conducted to synthesize information on healing touch. Works available until June 2003 were referenced.


METHODS
The studies were categorized by target of interventions and outcomes were evaluated.


FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Over 30 studies have been conducted with healing touch as the independent variable. Although no generalizable results were found, a foundation exists for further research to test its benefits.
A Reputation and Knowledge Based Trust Service Platform for Trustworthy Social Internet of Things

The Internet of Things has attracted a plenty of research in this decade and imposed fascinating services where large numbers of heterogeneous-features entities socially collaborate together to solve complex scenarios. However, these entities need to trust each other prior to exchanging data or offering services. In this paper, we briefly present our ongoing project called Trust Service Platform, which offers trust assessment of any two entities in the Social Internet of Things to applications and services. We propose a trust model that incorporates both reputation properties as Recommendation and Reputation trust metrics; and knowledge-based property as Knowledge trust metric. For the trust service platform deployment, we propose a reputation system and a functional architecture with Trust Agent, Trust Broker and Trust Analysis and Management modules along with mechanisms and algorithms to deal with the three trust metrics. We also present a utility theory-based mechanism for trust calculation. To clarify our trust service platform, we describe the trust models and mechanisms in accordance with a trust car-sharing service. We believe this study offers the better understanding of the trust as a service in the platform and will impose many trustrelated research challenges as the future work. Keywords—Social Internet of Things; Trust as a Service; TaaS; Trust Model; Trust Metric; Trust Management; Recommendation; Reputation; Knowledge; Fuzzy; Utility Theory;
Large-scale modular quantum-computer architecture with atomic memory and photonic interconnects

C. Monroe,1 R. Raussendorf,2 A. Ruthven,2 K. R. Brown,3 P. Maunz,4,* L.-M. Duan,5 and J. Kim4 1Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada 3Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Computational Science and Engineering; and Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA 5Department of Physics and MCTP, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA and Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (Received 22 June 2013; published 13 February 2014)
Absolute count and percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes are independent predictors of disease progression in HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recommended when the absolute CD4(+) T lymphocyte count is <200 cells/mm(3), and it should be considered when that count is > or =200, although the optimal timing when it is > or =200 is unclear. Because preliminary data had suggested that a low CD4(+) T lymphocyte percentage (%CD4) is associated with disease progression in persons initiating HAART who have a higher absolute CD4, we sought to further characterize the predictive utility of %CD4.


METHODS
We conducted an observational study of persons in Collaborations in HIV Outcomes Research/US cohort who initiated their first HAART regimen between 1997 and 2004, received > or =30 days of therapy, and had baseline values of absolute CD4, %CD4, and HIV-1 RNA. Cox proportional-hazards models determined associations between %CD4 and disease progression (to either a new AIDS-defining event [ADE] or death).


RESULTS
Of 1891 persons, 11% were female and 18% were African American; the median age was 38 years. Median follow-up was 55 months (interquartile range, 23-83 months), and 468 (25%) had disease progression. Multivariable analysis including age, race, sex, HIV-1 RNA, prior antiretroviral therapy, probable route of infection, prior ADE, absolute CD4, and %CD4 was performed; prior ART (P<.0001), injection-drug use (P=.04), lower absolute CD4 (P=.002), and lower %CD4 (P=.002) predicted disease progression.


CONCLUSIONS
%CD4 at initiation of the first HAART regimen predicted disease progression independent of absolute CD4; %CD4 may be used to determine the timing of HAART.
A single dose zoledronic acid enhances pin fixation in high tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis technique. A double-blind placebo controlled randomized study in 46 patients.

INTRODUCTION
Bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce osteoclastic activity and enhance pin fixation in both experimental and clinical studies. In this prospective, randomized study of high tibial osteotomy using the hemicallotasis (HCO) technique, we evaluate whether treatment by one single infusion of zoledronic acid can enhance the pin fixation.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
46 consecutive patients (35-65 years) were operated on for knee osteoarthritis by the HCO technique. After the osteotomy, two hydroxyapatite-coated pins were inserted in the metaphyseal bone and two non-coated pins in the diaphyseal bone. The insertion torque was measured by a torque force screw driver. Four weeks postoperatively, the patients were randomized to either one infusion of zoledronic acid or sodium chloride intravenously. At time for removal of the pins, the extraction torque forces of the pins were measured.


RESULTS
All osteotomies healed and no difference was found in time to healing. The mean extraction torque force in the non-coated pins in the diaphyseal bone was doubled in the zoledronic treated group (4.5 Nm, SD 2.1) compared to the placebo group (2.4 (SD 1.0, p<0.0001). The mean extraction torque forces of the hydroxyapatite-coated pins in the metaphyseal bone were similar in the zoledronic acid group (4.7 Nm, SD 1.3) and in the placebo group (4.0 Nm, SD 1.3).


DISCUSSION
A single infusion of zoledronic acid improved twofold the fixation of non-coated pins in diaphyseal bone. Bisphosphonates might be an alternative to hydroxyapatite-coated pins in nonosteoporotic bone.
How parents make decisions about their children's vaccinations.

BACKGROUND
Continued parental acceptance of childhood vaccination is essential for the maintenance of herd immunity and disease prevention. As such, understanding parents' decision-making in relation to their children's vaccinations is vitally important.


OBJECTIVE
This qualitative study sought to develop an understanding of the general process parents go through when making decisions about their children's vaccinations.


METHODS
Interviews were conducted with U.S.-born parents living in King County, Washington who had children ≤18 months of age. These interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.


RESULTS
Through the application of grounded theory, a general decision-making process was identified. Stages in this process included: awareness, assessing and choosing, followed by either stasis or ongoing assessment. The greatest variation occurred during the assessing stage, which involved parents examining vaccination-related issues to make subsequent decisions. This research suggests that three general assessment groups exist: acceptors, who rely primarily on general social norms to make their vaccination decisions; reliers, who rely primarily on other people for information and advice; and searchers, who seek for information on their own, primarily from published sources.


CONCLUSIONS
These results imply that one-size-fits-all approaches to vaccination interventions are inappropriate. Instead, this research suggests that interventions must be targeted to parents based on how they assess vaccination.
SMACK+Corral: A Modular Verifier - (Competition Contribution)

SMACK and Corral are two components of a modular toolchain for verifying C programs. Together they exploit state-of-the-art compiler technologies and theorem provers to simplify and dispatch verification conditions. 1 Verification Approach SMACK [3] is a translator from the LLVM compiler’s intermediate representation (IR) into the Boogie intermediate verification language (IVL) [1]. Sourcing LLVM exploits a number of frontends, optimizations, and analyses. Targeting Boogie exploits a canonical platform which simplifies verifier implementations. Corral [2] is a verifier for the Boogie IVL which views programs as control flow over any SMT-encodable expression language. Corral delegates semantic reasoning to SMT solvers, and in minimizing syntactic program assumptions, it is compatible with any theory supported by the underlying solvers. SMACK+Corral leverages multiple theories to encode various C-language features. We can model memory in array theory, non-linear operations with uninterpreted functions, fixed-width words in bitvector theory, and arbitrary-length words in linear arithmetic. Though we make no attempt to generate inductive invariants, we can use any invariant generator as a pre-pass; if proved sound, the resulting invariants are injected into the program as assumptions which help Corral narrow its search. 2 Software Architecture Figure 1 depicts the SMACK+Corral architecture. We leverage the LLVM1 compiler’s Clang C language family frontend to generate LLVM IR, an assembly-like language in single static assignment (SSA) form targeted by frontends for a diverse spectrum of languages (e.g., Java, JavaScript, Haskell, Erlang, Fortran) which is a convenient representation for code optimization. We then exploit LLVM to perform several code optimizations including control-flow graph simplification, constant propagation, and memory-to-register promotion. Collectively these optimizations can substantially simplify the source C program with fewer control locations and memory operations. ? Partially supported by NSF award CCF 1346756 and a Microsoft Research SEIF award. 1 http://llvm.org and http://clang.llvm.org
Infant brain structures, executive function, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems at preschool age. A prospective study.

BACKGROUND
Neuroimaging findings have provided evidence for a relation between variations in brain structures and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are typically confined to children who have already been diagnosed with ADHD. In a population-based study, we aimed to characterize the prospective association between brain structures measured during infancy and executive function and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems assessed at preschool age.


METHODS
In the Generation R Study, the corpus callosum length, the gangliothalamic ovoid diameter (encompassing the basal ganglia and thalamus), and the ventricular volume were measured in 784 6-week-old children using cranial postnatal ultrasounds. Parents rated executive functioning at 4 years using the behavior rating inventory of executive function-preschool version in five dimensions: inhibition, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organizing. Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems were assessed at ages 3 and 5 years using the child behavior checklist.


RESULTS
A smaller corpus callosum length during infancy was associated with greater deficits in executive functioning at 4 years. This was accounted for by higher problem scores on inhibition and emotional control. The corpus callosum length during infancy did not predict attention deficit/hyperactivity problem at 3 and 5 years, when controlling for the confounders. We did not find any relation between gangliothalamic ovoid diameter and executive function or Attention deficit/hyperactivity problem.


CONCLUSIONS
Variations in brain structures detectible in infants predicted subtle impairments in inhibition and emotional control. However, in this population-based study, we could not demonstrate that early structural brain variations precede symptoms of ADHD.
The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and response of high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions☆

In the afternoon of March 11, 2011, the eastern Japan was severely attacked by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (the Great East Japan earthquake). Nearly 30,000 people were killed or are still missing by that earthquake and the ensuing monster tsunami as of April 11, 2011. This paper reports some aspects of this devastating earthquake which hit an advanced country in seismic resistant design. It has been reported that long-period ground motions were induced in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. The properties of these long-period ground motions are discussed from the viewpoint of critical excitation and the seismic behavior of two steel buildings of 40 and 60 stories subjected to the long-period ground motion recorded at Shinjuku, Tokyo is determined and discussed. This paper also reports the effectiveness of visco-elastic dampers like high-hardness rubber dampers in the reduction of responses of super high-rise buildings subjected to such long-period ground motions. The response reduction rate is investigated in detail in addition to the maximum response reduction. In December 2010 before this earthquake, simulated long-period ground motions for earthquake resistant design of high-rise buildings were provided in three large cities in Japan (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka) and nine areas were classified. Two 40-story steel buildings (slightly flexible and stiff) are subjected to these long-period ground motions in those nine areas for the detailed investigation of response characteristics of super high-rise buildings in various areas.
Elements of model theory in higher-order fuzzy logic

In this paper, we turn our attention to model theory of higher-order fuzzy logic (fuzzy type theory). This theory generalizes model theory of predicate logic but has some interesting specificities. We will introduce few basic concepts related to homomorphism, isomorphism, submodel, etc. and show some properties of them.
Robust Multirate On-Road Vehicle Localization for Autonomous Highway Driving Vehicles

An on-road vehicle localization scheme is proposed to keep a track of an ego vehicle with respect to the ego/target lane center, using the results of the camera-based lane recognition. A vehicle’s lateral motion model is first developed in terms of lane curve tracking error states, which is assumed to satisfy the clothoid road constraint. The proposed vehicle localization scheme computes vehicle’s state, such that advanced state space control can be applied at a constant fast rate. Utilizing multirate characteristics of each sensor, a multirate decentralized state estimator is developed, which exhibits robust convergence against uncertain slow update period of the camera-based lane recognition. Performance and robustness of the proposed on-road vehicle localization scheme is verified through the computational and experimental tests using camera-based lane recognition.
A machine learning approach using EEG data to predict response to SSRI treatment for major depressive disorder

OBJECTIVE
The problem of identifying, in advance, the most effective treatment agent for various psychiatric conditions remains an elusive goal. To address this challenge, we investigate the performance of the proposed machine learning (ML) methodology (based on the pre-treatment electroencephalogram (EEG)) for prediction of response to treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication in subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD).


METHODS
A relatively small number of most discriminating features are selected from a large group of candidate features extracted from the subject's pre-treatment EEG, using a machine learning procedure for feature selection. The selected features are fed into a classifier, which was realized as a mixture of factor analysis (MFA) model, whose output is the predicted response in the form of a likelihood value. This likelihood indicates the extent to which the subject belongs to the responder vs. non-responder classes. The overall method was evaluated using a "leave-n-out" randomized permutation cross-validation procedure.


RESULTS
A list of discriminating EEG biomarkers (features) was found. The specificity of the proposed method is 80.9% while sensitivity is 94.9%, for an overall prediction accuracy of 87.9%. There is a 98.76% confidence that the estimated prediction rate is within the interval [75%, 100%].


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the proposed ML method holds considerable promise in predicting the efficacy of SSRI antidepressant therapy for MDD, based on a simple and cost-effective pre-treatment EEG.


SIGNIFICANCE
The proposed approach offers the potential to improve the treatment of major depression and to reduce health care costs.
Efficacy and Safety of Technosphere Inhaled Insulin Compared With Technosphere Powder Placebo in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled With Oral Agents   

OBJECTIVE
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Technosphere insulin with Technosphere powder as placebo in insulin-naive type 2 diabetic patients whose diabetes was suboptimally controlled with oral antidiabetic agents.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients (n = 126) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of therapy with Technosphere insulin or Technosphere powder after lifestyle education on nutrition, exercise, and instructions on inhaler use. The primary efficacy outcome was change in A1C from baseline to study end, and the secondary efficacy outcome was area under the curve for postprandial glucose levels during a meal test at treatment weeks 4, 8, and 12.


RESULTS
A1C reduction from a mean baseline of 7.9% was greater with Technosphere insulin than with Technosphere powder (-0.72 vs. -0.30%; P = 0.003). Postprandial glucose excursions were reduced by 56% with Technosphere insulin compared with baseline, and maximal postprandial glucose levels were reduced by 43% compared with Technosphere powder. Incidences of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, cough, and other adverse events were low in both groups. Body weight was unchanged in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Technosphere insulin was well tolerated and demonstrated significant improvement in glycemic control with clinically meaningful reductions in A1C levels and postprandial glucose concentrations after 12 weeks of treatment.