LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Segregation Network for Multi-Class Novelty Detection

The problem of multiple class novelty detection is gaining increasing importance due to the large availability of multimedia data and the increasing requirement of the classification models to work in an open set scenario. To this end, novelty detection tries to answer this important question: given a test example should we even try to classify it ? In this work, we design a novel deep learning framework, termed Segregation Network, which is trained using the mixup technique. We construct interpolated points using convex combinations of pairs of training data and use our novel loss function for prediction of its constituent classes. During testing, for each input query, mixed samples with the known class prototypes are generated and passed through the proposed network. The output of the network reveals the constituent classes which can be used to determine whether the incoming data is from the known class set or not. Our algorithm is trained using just the data from the known classes and does not require any auxiliary dataset or attributes. Extensive evaluation on two benchmark datasets namely Caltech-256 and Stanford Dogs and comparison with the state-of-the-art justifies the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Unstructured Document Recognition on Business Invoice CS 229 : Machine Learning

This project describes a bag-of-words approach for business invoice recognition. Bags of potential features are generated to capture layout and textual properties for each field of interest, and weighted to reveal key factors that identify a field. Feature selection, threshold tuning, and model comparison are evaluated. Overall, we achieved 8.81% for training error and 13.99% for testing error.
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.

OBJECTIVE
The efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, added to ongoing metformin therapy, were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control (HbA(1c) [A1C] >or=7 and <or=10%) with metformin alone.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After a screening diet/exercise run-in period, a metformin dose titration/stabilization period, and a 2-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period, 701 patients, aged 19-78 years, with mild to moderate hyperglycemia (mean A1C 8.0%) receiving ongoing metformin (>or=1,500 mg/day) were randomly assigned to receive the addition of placebo or sitagliptin 100 mg once-daily in a 1:2 ratio for 24 weeks. Patients exceeding specific glycemic limits were provided rescue therapy (pioglitazone) until the end of the study. The efficacy analyses were based on an all-patients-treated population using an ANCOVA and excluded data obtained after glycemic rescue.


RESULTS
At week 24, sitagliptin treatment led to significant reductions compared with placebo in A1C (-0.65%), fasting plasma glucose, and 2-h postmeal glucose. Fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio, postmeal insulin and C-peptide areas under the curve (AUCs), postmeal insulin AUC-to-glucose AUC ratio, homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were significantly improved with sitagliptin relative to placebo. A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved an A1C <7% with sitagliptin (47.0%) than with placebo (18.3%). There was no increased risk of hypoglycemia or gastrointestinal adverse experiences with sitagliptin compared with placebo. Body weight decreased similarly with sitagliptin and placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Sitagliptin 100 mg once-daily added to ongoing metformin therapy was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin alone.
Japanese haemodialysis anaemia management practices and outcomes (1999–2006): results from the DOPPS

BACKGROUND
Japanese haemodialysis (HD) patients not only have a very low mortality and hospitalization risk but also low haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Internationally, anaemia is associated with mortality, hospitalization and health-related quality of life (QoL) measures of HD patients.


METHODS
Longitudinal data collected from 1999 to 2006 from 60 to 64 representative Japanese dialysis units participating in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) were used to describe anaemia management practices and outcomes for Japanese HD patients.


RESULTS
From 1999 to 2006, patient mean Hb increased from 9.7 g/dl to 10.4 g/dl, and the percentage of facilities with median Hb >or=10 g/dl increased from 27% to 75%. Hb was measured in the supine position for 90% of patients, resulting in substantially lower reported Hb values than those seen in other countries. As of 2006, erythropoietin (Epo) was prescribed to 83% of HD patients; mean Epo dose was 5231 units/week; intravenous (IV) iron use was 33% and median IV iron dose was 160 mg/month. Many patient- and facility-level factors were significantly related to higher Hb. A consistent overall pattern of lower mortality risk with higher baseline Hb levels was seen (RR = 0.89 per 1 g/dl higher Hb, P = 0.003). Facilities with median Hb >or=10.4 displayed a lower mortality risk (RR = 0.77, P = 0.03) versus facility median Hb <10.4 g/dl. Lower Hb levels were not significantly related to hospitalization risk, but were associated with lower QoL scores.


CONCLUSIONS
These results provide detailed information on anaemia management practices in Japan and the relationships of anaemia control with outcomes, with implications of anaemia management worldwide.
Bipolar Weighted Argumentation Graphs

This paper discusses the semantics of weighted argumentation graphs that are bipolar, i.e. contain both attacks and support graphs. The work builds on previous work by Amgoud, Ben-Naim et. al. [1, 2], which presents and compares several semantics for argumentation graphs that contain only supports or only attacks relationships, respectively.
Sense of Community, Perceived Cognitive Learning, and Persistence in Asynchronous Learning Networks.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between sense of community and cognitive learning in an online educational environment. Study participants consisted of 314 students enrolled in 26 graduate education and leadership courses taught at a distance using the Blackboard.com e-learning system. Study results provided evidence that a significant relationship exists between classroom community and perceived cognitive learning. Online learners who have stronger sense of community and perceive greater cognitive learning should feel less isolated and have greater satisfaction with their academic programs, possibly resulting in fewer dropouts. D 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Deriving Minimal Features for Human-Like Facial Expressions in Robotic Faces

This study explores deriving minimal features for a robotic face to convey information (via facial expressions) that people can perceive and understand. Recent research in computer vision has shown that a small number of moving points/lines can be used to capture the majority of information (~95%) in human facial expressions. Here, we apply such findings to a minimalist robot face design, which was run through a series of experiments with human subjects (n=75) exploring the effect of various factors, including added neck motion and degree of expression. Facial expression identification rates were similar to more complex robots. In addition, added neck motion significantly improved facial expression identification rates to 100% for all expressions (except Fear). The Negative Attitudes towards Robots (NARS) and Godspeed scales were also collected to examine user perceptions, e.g. perceived animacy and intelligence. The project aims to answer a number of fundamental questions about robotic face design, as well as to develop inexpensive and replicable robotic faces for experimental purposes.
Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 1997.

OBJECTIVE
This report describes ambulatory care visits in the United States across three ambulatory care settings--physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and hospital emergency departments. Statistics are presented on selected patient and visit characteristics for all ambulatory care visits and separately for each setting.


METHODS
The data presented in this report are from the 1997 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the 1997 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). These surveys are part of the ambulatory care component of the National Health Care Survey that measures health care utilization across a variety of health care providers. NAMCS and NHAMCS are national probability sample surveys of visits to office-based physicians (NAMCS) and visits to the outpatient departments and emergency departments of non-Federal, short-stay and general hospitals (NHAMCS) in the United States. Sample data are weighted to produce annual estimates.


RESULTS
During 1997, an estimated 959.3 million visits were made to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and hospital emergency departments in the United States, an overall rate of 3.6 visits per person. Visits to office-based physicians accounted for 82.1 percent of ambulatory care utilization, followed by visits to emergency departments (9.9 percent) and outpatient departments (8.0 percent). Utilization varied by patient age, sex, and race. Persons 75 years and over had the highest rate of ambulatory care visits. Females had significantly higher rates of visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient departments than males did. White persons utilized physician offices at a higher rate compared with black persons. There were an estimated 123.8 million injury-related ambulatory care visits during 1997, or 46.4 visits per 100 persons.
Path tracking of UAV using self-tuning PID controller based on fuzzy logic

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a robust control methodology for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with quad-rotor mechanism. A conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and self-tuning PID based on fuzzy logic are compared and analyzed. Self-tuning PID based on fuzzy logic is suitable for systems suffering from uncertain parameters, such as variation in payload, as the algorithm is able to adjust the gain of the PID controllers so that they maintain robustness and performance. The performance results of the two controllers when applied to a quad-rotor UAV are demonstrated using numerical simulation.
Aircraft systems cyber security

Presents a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Topics covered include: The Transition of Aircraft Systems; The Difference Between Cyber Security in Aircraft Systems and Information Technology (IT); Potential Cyber Security Threats to Aircraft Systems; and FAA Aircraft Systems Cyber Security Activities.
Tear trough deformity: different types of anatomy and treatment options

AIM
To explore the efficacy of tear trough deformity treatment with the use of hyaluronic acid gel or autologous fat for soft tissue augmentation and fat repositioning via arcus marginalis release.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventy-eight patients with the tear trough were divided into three groups. Class I has tear trough without bulging orbital fat or excess of the lower eyelid skin. Class II is associated with mild to moderate orbital fat bulging, without excess of the lower eyelid skin. Class III is associated with severe orbital fat bulging and excess of the lower eyelid skin. Class I or II was treated using hyaluronic acid gel or autologous fat injections. Class III was treated with fat repositioning via arcus marginalis release. The patients with a deep nasojugal groove of class III were treated with injecting autologous fat into the tear trough during fat repositioning lower blepharoplasty as a way of supplementing the volume added by the repositioned fat.


RESULTS
Seventy-eight patients with tear trough deformity were confirmed from photographs taken before and after surgery. There were some complications, but all had complete resolution.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with mild to moderate peri-orbital volume loss without severe orbital fat bulging may be good candidates for hyaluronic acid filler or fat grafting alone. However, patients with more pronounced deformities, severe orbital fat bulging and excess of the lower eyelid skin are often better served by fat repositioning via arcus marginalis release and fat grafting.
The Use and Effectiveness of User Stories in Practice

[Context and motivation] User stories are an increasingly popular textual notation to capture requirements in agile software development. [Question/Problem] To date there is no scientific evidence on the effectiveness of user stories. The goal of this paper is to explore how practicioners perceive this artifact in the context of requirements engineering. [Principal ideas/results] We explore perceived effectiveness of user stories by reporting on a survey with 182 responses from practitioners and 21 follow-up semi-structured interviews. The data shows that practitioners agree that using user stories, a user story template and quality guidelines such as the INVEST mnemonic improve their productivity and the quality of their work deliverables. [Contribution] By combining the survey data with 21 semi-structured follow-up interviews, we present 12 findings on the usage and perception of user stories by practitioners that employ user stories in their everyday work environment.
African American Clergy Share Perspectives on Addressing Sexual Health and HIV Prevention in Premarital Counseling: A Pilot Study

This exploratory qualitative pilot study examined the extent to which seven African American clergy discussed and promoted sexual health dialogue with couples preparing for marriage. We explored the following topics: (a) clergy perspectives on disclosure; (b) clergy awareness about HIV/AIDS and (c) the extent to which clergy awareness about HIV is translated into their premarital counseling programs. Our results suggest that greater awareness and comfort level with discussions about sexuality mediate the inclusion of sexual health and promotion of HIV testing in premarital counseling.
A systematic review of cognitive stimulation therapy for older adults with mild to moderate dementia: an occupational therapy perspective.

In response to the need for effective non-pharmacological approaches for individuals with mild to moderate dementia, cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) interventions aim to optimize cognitive function. The present literature review explored the effectiveness of CST and the congruence of this approach with occupational therapy. Twenty-four databases and 13 "grey" sources were searched. Relevant papers were analysed using the McMaster Critical Literature Review Guidelines, the Modified Jadad Quality Scale and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence Scale. To establish the congruence of CST with occupational therapy, themes were identified using the International Classification of Functioning and professional values outlined by the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. Twelve studies demonstrated a trend towards delayed cognitive decline following CST. This intervention strategy is congruent with occupational therapy values and may provide a useful structural framework to build rehabilitation programmes for this population. Psychometric properties of the McMaster Guidelines have not yet been established, and there is no standardized way to extract quantitative data from this measure. There is a need for further research exploring outcomes of CST interventions within the context of everyday function in individuals experiencing cognitive decline.
Prognostic value of electrocorticography findings during callosotomy in children with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome

OBJECTIVE
To analyze findings and acute changes in electrocorticograms (ECoGs) obtained during corpus callosotomy in order to identify any relationships with the postoperative outcome of seizure activity.


METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed ECoGs obtained during anterior callosotomy (4-6 cm) in 48 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (32 boys and 16 girls, age 1-20 years, mean age 7.6 years) who underwent surgery between July 1993 and November 1996 to correlate recording findings with postoperative seizure activity. At the time of analysis, all patients had been followed postoperatively for more than 4 years.


RESULTS
Of 48 patients, 31 (64.6%) had significant improvement in seizure control after surgery. In pre-excisional ECoGs, 38 (79.2%) of 48 patients had bisynchronous epileptiform discharges. Patients (23 of 33 patients, 69.7%) with significant blockage of bisynchronous discharges recorded during callosotomy achieved the best postoperative seizure outcomes, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Based on our experience, changes in ECoG during callosotomy do not predict postoperative seizure outcome. Insignificant blockage of bisynchronous epileptiform discharges in ECoGs during callosotomy does not predict a worse prognosis than that associated with significant intraoperative blockage.
The role of iPads in pre-school children's mark making development

The increased acquisition of touch-screen technologies, such as tablet computers, in both homes and schools raises important questions about their role for very young children’s learning and development. Their inherent touch-based interaction offers new opportunities for mark making practices, which are linked to literacy development, through the emergent process of using marks as symbolic representation. This paper reports a comparative study of touch-based interaction using a tablet computer versus traditional physical paint and paper. Children aged 2-3 years engaged in a free finger painting activity and colouring in activity in both paper and digital environments. Video data of their interactions was used to develop a coding scheme for analyzing touch-based interaction, providing insight into how the use of fingers and hands differed in each environment, the different types and qualities of touch that were engendered, and the composition of the final paintings produced. Findings show that while the tablet computer limited the number of fingers used for interaction, its material affordances supported speed and continuity, which led to more mark making, and different 'scales' of mark making extending the range of mark making practices. At the same time it limited the sensory experience of physical paint and resulted in more uniform final compositions. The findings are discussed in terms of shaping young children’s mark making, the implications of the use of touch screen technologies in literacy development for educational practitioners and technology design, and key future research directions.
A combination strategy for enhancing linkage to and retention in HIV care among adults newly diagnosed with HIV in Mozambique: study protocol for a site-randomized implementation science study

BACKGROUND
Despite the extraordinary scale up of HIV prevention, care and treatment services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the past decade, the overall effectiveness of HIV programs has been significantly hindered by high levels of attrition across the HIV care continuum. Data from "real-life" settings are needed on the effectiveness of an easy to deliver package of services that can improve overall performance of the HIV care continuum.


METHODS/DESIGN
We are conducting an implementation science study using a two-arm cluster site-randomized design to determine the effectiveness of a combination intervention strategy (CIS) using feasible, evidence-based, and practical interventions-including (1) point-of-care (POC) CD4 count testing, (2) accelerated antiretroviral therapy initiation for eligible individuals, and (3) SMS reminders for linkage to and retention in care-as compared to the standard of care (SOC) in Mozambique in improving linkage and retention among adults following HIV diagnosis. A pre-post intervention two-sample design is nested within the CIS arm to assess the incremental effectiveness of the CIS plus financial incentives (CIS + FI) compared to the CIS without FI on study outcomes. Randomization is done at the level of the study site, defined as a primary health facility. Five sites are included from the City of Maputo and five from Inhambane Province. Target enrollment is a total of 2,250 adults: 750 in the SOC arm, 750 in the CIS cohort of the intervention arm and 750 in the CIS + FI cohort of the intervention arm (average of 150 participants per site). Participants are followed for 12 months from time of HIV testing to ascertain a combined endpoint of linkage to care within 1 month after testing and retention in care 12 months from HIV test. Cost-effectiveness analyses of CIS compared to SOC and CIS + FI compared to CIS will also be conducted.


DISCUSSION
Study findings will provide evidence on the effectiveness of a CIS and the incremental effectiveness of a CIS + FI in a "real-life" service delivery system in a SSA country severely impacted by HIV.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01930084.
Mesalazine inhibits activation of transcription factor NF-κB in inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis

OBJECTIVES:The salicylate mesalazine is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, yet its precise mechanism of action is unknown. Because transcription factor NF-κB plays an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases, we investigated the effects of mesalazine therapy on NF-κB activation in patients with ulcerative colitis.METHODS:A total of 20 patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis received mesalazine for 8 wk. Biopsies were taken before and after drug administration and analyzed for NF-κB activation using an antibody specific for active NF-κB.RESULTS:In biopsies of active ulcerative colitis but not in noninflamed mucosa, activation of NF-κB was detected predominantly in macrophages. Mesalazine therapy resulted in a strong abrogation of NF-κB activation in situ.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that the therapeutic properties of mesalazine rely at least in part on the inhibition of NF-κB activation, resulting in the suppression of proinflammatory gene expression in the inflamed mucosa.