LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Norovirus and medically attended gastroenteritis in U.S. children.

BACKGROUND
Cases of rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis have declined since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, but the burden of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis in children remains to be assessed.


METHODS
We conducted active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed cases of norovirus among children younger than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in hospitals, emergency departments, and outpatient clinical settings. The children resided in one of three U.S. counties during the years 2009 and 2010. Fecal specimens were tested for norovirus and rotavirus. We calculated population-based rates of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis and reviewed billing records to determine medical costs; these data were extrapolated to the U.S. population of children younger than 5 years of age.


RESULTS
Norovirus was detected in 21% of young children (278 of 1295) seeking medical attention for acute gastroenteritis in 2009 and 2010, with norovirus detected in 22% (165 of 742) in 2009 and 20% (113 of 553) in 2010 (P=0.43). The virus was also detected in 4% of healthy controls (19 of 493) in 2009. Rotavirus was identified in 12% of children with acute gastroenteritis (152 of 1295) in 2009 and 2010. The respective rates of hospitalization, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits for the norovirus were 8.6, 146.7, and 367.7 per 10,000 children younger than 5 years of age in 2009 and 5.8, 134.3, and 260.1 per 10,000 in 2010, with an estimated cost per episode of $3,918, $435, and $151, respectively, in 2009. Nationally, we estimate that the average numbers of annual hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits due to norovirus infection in 2009 and 2010 among U.S. children in this age group exceeded 14,000, 281,000, and 627,000, respectively, with more than $273 million in treatment costs each year.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, norovirus has become the leading cause of medically attended acute gastroenteritis in U.S. children and is associated with nearly 1 million health care visits annually. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Bi-slotted tree based anti-collision protocols for fast tag identification in RFID systems

This paper is intended to present bi-slotted tree based RFID tag anti-collision protocols, bi-slotted query tree algorithm (BSQTA) and bi-slotted collision tracking tree algorithm (BSCTTA). Diminishing prefix overhead and iteration overhead is a significant issue to minimize the anti-collision cost. For fast tag identification, BSQTA and BSCTTA use time divided responses depending on whether the collided bit is `0' or `1' at each tag ID. According to the simulation results, BSQTA and BSCTTA require less time consumption for tag identification than the other tree based RFID tag anti-collision protocols
Better Non-Local Games from Hidden Matching

We construct a non-locality game that can be won with certainty by a quantum strategy using logn shared EPR-pairs, while any classical strategy has winning probability at most 1 2 + O � log n p n � . This improves upon a recent result of Junge et al. in a number of ways.
Why Is There No New Milton Friedman Today

The presence of iconic superstars declines in many fields of endeavor, and economics is no exception to those principles. As for political orientation, those raised up to relative prominence today fit the spirit of the times.
Gaussian Process Optimization with Mutual Information

In this paper, we analyze a generic algorithm scheme for sequential global optimization using Gaussian processes. The upper bounds we derive on the cumulative regret for this generic algorithm improve by an exponential factor the previously known bounds for algorithms like GP-UCB. We also introduce the novel Gaussian Process Mutual Information algorithm (GP-MI), which significantly improves further these upper bounds for the cumulative regret. We confirm the efficiency of this algorithm on synthetic and real tasks against the natural competitor, GP-UCB, and also the Expected Improvement heuristic. Preprint for the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2014) 1 ar X iv :1 31 1. 48 25 v3 [ st at .M L ] 8 J un 2 01 5 Erratum After the publication of our article, we found an error in the proof of Lemma 1 which invalidates the main theorem. It appears that the information given to the algorithm is not sufficient for the main theorem to hold true. The theoretical guarantees would remain valid in a setting where the algorithm observes the instantaneous regret instead of noisy samples of the unknown function. We describe in this page the mistake and its consequences. Let f : X → R be the unknown function to be optimized, which is a sample from a Gaussian process. Let’s fix x, x1, . . . , xT ∈ X and the observations yt = f(xt)+ t where the noise variables t are independent Gaussian noise N (0, σ). We define the instantaneous regret rt = f(x?)− f(xt) and, MT = T ∑
The importance of the learner's characteristics in distance learning environments: A case study

The huge changes concerning the workplace that we are facing, as well the challenges placed by the Information Society and by the globalisation trends, demand new perspectives for education, continuous education and lifelong learning. New methods demand new organisation alternatives that, in turn, require new educational policies and put pressure in current assumptions of education itself. Distance Education is a challenge by itself. It places new demands both to the learner, but also to the facilitator. A set of seven dimensions for a distance learning environment were identified, which positively impacts the setting of learning experiences: (1) access tools; (2) technology experience; (3) habits and study skills; (4) human factors and life style; (5) goals and guidelines; (6) learning preferences; (7) personal characteristics [1]. This paper defends that the learners, when asked about their characteristics, taking into account different issues of their familiar, personal and professional life, available technology resources, technology skills, as well as motivation and learning preferences, provide an information set that, if turn available to facilitators, allow to both players (learners and facilitators) the mechanisms that ease the adoption of learning strategies, that enhance the possibility of a well succeed learning experience. To accomplish the research goals, an empiric study was conducted in the context of a Distance Education (DE) institution, taking a sample of 214 learners, with diverse characteristics. The data analysis allows the confirmation of the position validity and proves that it is possible to know in advance the distance learners more important characteristics and of the surrounding environment as means to access potential success and rate failure. Based on such knowledge it is possible to establish a classification of those characteristics, suggesting strategies and counseling to support decisions and thus to improve the distance learning success.
Using TF-IDF to Determine Word Relevance in Document Queries

In this paper, we examine the results of applying Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) to determine what words in a corpus of documents might be more favorable to use in a query. As the term implies, TF-IDF calculates values for each word in a document through an inverse proportion of the frequency of the word in a particular document to the percentage of documents the word appears in. Words with high TF-IDF numbers imply a strong relationship with the document they appear in, suggesting that if that word were to appear in a query, the document could be of interest to the user. We provide evidence that this simple algorithm efficiently categorizes relevant words that can enhance query retrieval.
Domain Modeling and Application Development of an Archetype- and XML-based EHRS. Practical Experiences and Lessons Learnt.

BACKGROUND
Access to patient data within the hospital or between hospitals is still problematic since a variety of information systems is in use applying different vendor specific terminologies and underlying knowledge models. Beyond, the development of electronic health record systems (EHRSs) is time and resource consuming. Thus, there is a substantial need for a development strategy of standardized EHRSs. We are applying a reuse-oriented process model and demonstrate its feasibility and realization on a practical medical use case, which is an EHRS holding all relevant data arising in the context of treatment of tumors of the sella region. In this paper, we describe the development process and our practical experiences.


METHODS
Requirements towards the development of the EHRS were collected by interviews with a neurosurgeon and patient data analysis. For modelling of patient data, we selected openEHR as standard and exploited the software tools provided by the openEHR foundation. The patient information model forms the core of the development process, which comprises the EHR generation and the implementation of an EHRS architecture. Moreover, a reuse-oriented process model from the business domain was adapted to the development of the EHRS.


RESULTS
The reuse-oriented process model is a model for a suitable abstraction of both, modeling and development of an EHR centralized EHRS. The information modeling process resulted in 18 archetypes that were aggregated in a template and built the boilerplate of the model driven development. The EHRs and the EHRS were developed by openEHR and W3C standards, tightly supported by well-established XML techniques. The GUI of the final EHRS integrates and visualizes information from various examinations, medical reports, findings and laboratory test results.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that the development of a standardized overarching EHR and an EHRS is feasible using openEHR and W3C standards, enabling a high degree of semantic interoperability. The standardized representation visualizes data and can in this way support the decision process of clinicians.
Training dietitians in basic motivational interviewing skills results in changes in their counseling style and in lower saturated fat intakes in their patients.

OBJECTIVE
To test if basic training for dietitians in motivational interviewing (MI) resulted in changes in dietitians' counseling style and improvements in their patients' diet and risk parameters.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
9 home-care organizations in the Netherlands.


PARTICIPANTS
37 dietitians, 209 baseline patients, and 142 follow-up diabetes patients.


INTERVENTION
Dietitians were randomly allocated to receive basic training in motivational interviewing (MI dietitians, n=18) or not (control dietitians, n=19).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Counseling style of dietitians; total self-reported saturated fat, fruit, and vegetable intake, measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A(1c), HbA(1c)) of patients.


ANALYSIS
Analyses of variance and multiple linear regression analyses. Alpha = .05


RESULTS
MI dietitians were significantly more empathetic, more often showed reflection during consultations, and were more likely than control dietitians to let their patients talk for the majority of the consultation. Patients of MI dietitians had significantly lower saturated fat intake levels at posttest compared to patients of control dietitians. No effects on HbA(1c), BMI, and waist circumference were found.


CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Basic training in MI changed the dietitians' counseling style and resulted in lower saturated fat intakes in their patients.
Delta-encoder: an effective sample synthesis method for few-shot object recognition

Learning to classify new categories based on just one or a few examples is a long-standing challenge in modern computer vision. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method for few-shot (and one-shot) object recognition. Our approach is based on a modified auto-encoder, denoted ∆-encoder, that learns to synthesize new samples for an unseen category just by seeing few examples from it. The synthesized samples are then used to train a classifier. The proposed approach learns to both extract transferable intra-class deformations, or "deltas", between same-class pairs of training examples, and to apply those deltas to the few provided examples of a novel class (unseen during training) in order to efficiently synthesize samples from that new class. The proposed method improves the state-of-the-art of one-shot object-recognition and performs comparably in the few-shot case. * The authors have contributed equally to this work Corresponding author: Leonid Karlinsky (leonidka@il.ibm.com) Figure 1: Visualization of two-way one-shot classification trained on synthesized examples. Correctly classified images are framed in magenta (Golden retriever) and yellow (African wild dog). The only two images seen at training time and used for sample synthesis are framed in blue. Note the non-trivial relative arrangement of examples belonging to different classes handled successfully by our approach. The figure is plotted using t-SNE applied to VGG features. Best viewed in color. Preprint. Work in progress. ar X iv :1 80 6. 04 73 4v 2 [ cs .C V ] 1 8 N ov 2 01 8
Human papillomavirus infection and sporadic breast carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis

Despite an increase in the number of molecular epidemiological studies conducted in recent years to evaluate the association between HPV infection and risk of breast carcinoma, the studies remain inconclusive. Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HPV in breast carcinoma and test the association. Studies on HPV DNA detection in sporadic breast carcinoma in female using polymerase chain reaction were included. Information on overall and type-specific (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45 and 51) HPV prevalence were required, plus detailed descriptions of study populations, HPV DNA source, publication calendar period and PCR primers used for HPV DNA detection and typing. We revealed that 24.49% of the breast carcinoma cases were associated with HPV, 32.42% occurred in Asia and 12.91% in Europe. The four most commonly identified HPV types, in the order of decreased prevalence, were HPV33, 18, 16, and 35. The detection of HPV was mostly influenced by publication calendar period and PCR primers used. In addition, the analysis of ten case–control studies containing 447 breast carcinoma cases and 275 controls showed a significant increase in breast carcinoma risk with HPV positivity (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.42–9.27). These results suggest that it’s difficult to rule out the possibility of the association of HPV and breast carcinoma at present according to available publication proofs.
Routine CT angiography in acute stroke does not delay thrombolytic therapy.

INTRODUCTION
Lack of additional utility over non-contract computed tomography (NCCT) in decision making and delay in door to needle time are arguments used against routine computed tomographic angiography (CTA) use in acute ischemic stroke management. We compare interval times during a CTA based acute ischemic stroke protocol with an earlier non-CTA based protocol at our center.


METHODS
We reviewed 850 stroke thrombolysis patients in a university hospital in Canada from April 1996 to December 2009. Time to treatment was divided into the following interval times: onset-to-door, door-to-needle and onset-to-needle. Patients were categorized into: Group 1 (April 1996-Dec 2002) (Non-contrast CT Scan based thrombolysis) n=297, Group 2 (Jan 2004-Dec 2009) (CTA based thrombolysis) n=504. The period from Jan to Dec 2003 (n=49) was considered a washout period as we had started the CTA protocol that year. Interval times were compared between the two groups.


RESULTS
Interval times in Group 1 and Group 2 were: median onset-to-door times in Group 1 [55 minutes (IQR 48),] and Group 2 [61 minutes (IQR 57)] (p=0.019); median door-to-needle times in Group 1 [67 minutes(IQR 43)] and Group 2 [62.5 minutes (IQR 52)] (p=0.519); median onset-to-needle times in Group 1 (139 minute (IQR 73)] and Group 2 (141.5 min (IQR 109.5) (p=0.468). In multivariable linear regression analysis, age and onset-to-door time influenced the door-to-needle time. For every decade of age, door-to-needle times were 5.4 minutes faster.


CONCLUSIONS
CTA based thrombolytic approach for acute ischemic stroke does not significantly delay thrombolysis in routine clinical practice.
From the «Resilient City» to Urban Resilience. A review essay on understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems

Resilience appears to have become a buzz word since the ecological, psychological, social and economic sciences began to use it to refer, respectively, to the capacity of ecosystems, people, societies, the economy, and more recently even urban systems to cope with disturbance. In fact, it is unclear exactly what the catchword «resilient city» means. Based on these assumptions, this article reviews resilience perspectives and their possible application to urban systems. In the first part of the paper, the concept of resilience, its evolution and perspectives (from engineering to social ecology) are analyzed with reference to ecosystems, societies and complex systems. In the second part we try to shed light on this panacea of concepts applied to cities. Important insights of this review are that certain resilience engineering perspectives (such as recovery and persistence views) can lead to unsustainable patterns of development in cities, while from complex systems resilience perspectives the principles of sustainability and transformability emerge as the consequent and necessary trajectory. While the term «resilient cities» often refers only to the capacity to maintain functions and structures, we argue that urban resilience should be framed within the resilience (system persistence), transition (system incremental change) and transformation (system reconfiguration) views.
Permethrin 5% cream versus metronidazole 0.75% gel for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND
Permethrin 5% cream used against human ectoparasites suggests that it may be effective in papulopustular rosacea.


METHODS
This study included 63 patients diagnosed as having papulopustular rosacea based on the clinical and histological findings. Patients were randomly assigned into permethrin (n = 23), metronidazole (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) groups. Scores of erythema, telangiectasia, edema and rhinophyma and the numbers of papules, pustules, inflammatory nodules and Demodex folliculorum were determined. Twenty-three patients were given permethrin 5% cream (Zalvor 5% skin cream, 20 patients metronidazole 0.75% gel (Roza gel and 20 patients placebo cream (Basis cream, in packages looking identical to those of metronidazole and permethrin creams, and were recommended to apply them to their faces twice a day. All patients were also given SPF 20 cream for protection against sunlight. Two months of treatment were planned, and the patients were invited to the clinic for fortnightly controls. Scores of erythema, telangiectasia, edema and rhinophyma and the numbers of papules, pustules, inflammatory nodules and D. folliculorum were recorded at each visit. The mean scores of erythema and the mean numbers of papules, pustules and D. folliculorum were determined at baseline and on days 15, 30, 45 and 60. Side effects were also detected.


RESULTS
The effect of permethrin 5% cream on D. folliculorum was superior to that of metronidazole 0.75% gel. The effect of permethrin 5% cream on erythema and papules was found to be more effective than placebo and as effective as metronidazole 0.75% gel. However, it had no effect on telangiectasia, rhinophyma and pustules.


CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the application of permethrin 5% cream twice daily for 2 months can be as effective and reliable as metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea and a greater benefit can be gained when it is combined with other systemic and/or topical treatments.
Ontology-Mediated Queries for NOSQL Databases

Ontology-Based Data Access has been studied so far for relational structures and deployed on top of relational databases. This paradigm enables a uniform access to heterogeneous data sources, also coping with incomplete information. Whether OBDA is suitable also for non-relational structures, like those shared by increasingly popular NOSQL languages, is still an open question. In this paper, we study the problem of answering ontology-mediated queries on top of key-value stores. We formalize the data model and core queries of these systems, and introduce a rule language to express lightweight ontologies on top of data. We study the decidability and data complexity of query answering in this setting.
Predictors and outcomes of acute kidney injury after thoracic aortic endograft repair.

BACKGROUND
This study analyzed the incidence and the predictive factors of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and evaluated the effect of AKI on postoperative survival.


METHODS
Between November 2000 and April 2011, all consecutive patients undergoing TEVAR of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta were enrolled at four teaching hospitals. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated during the entire hospitalization. AKI was defined by the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of function, End-stage renal disease) consensus criteria.


RESULTS
The study included 171 patients (80% men) who were a mean age of 69±14 years (range, 18-87 years). AKI occurred in 24 patients (14%). Independent predictors of postoperative AKI were preoperative depressed eGFR, thoracoabdominal extent, and postoperative transfusion. Patients with AKI experienced major postoperative complications (P=.001), longer hospitalization (P=.008), and higher hospital mortality (29% vs 4%; P<.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a survival of 82%, 51%, and 51% at 1, 3, and 5 years for patients who developed AKI, which was significantly worse than the 99%, 89%, and 80% for patients who did not experience AKI (P=.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative poor renal function, blood transfusions, and the thoracoabdominal extent of the aortic disease were the most important predictors for AKI.
Somatomotor mu rhythm amplitude correlates with rigidity during deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian patients

OBJECTIVE
Parkinsonian patients have abnormal oscillatory activity within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Particularly, excessive beta band oscillations are thought to be associated with akinesia. We studied whether cortical spontaneous activity is modified by deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease and if the modifications are related to the clinical symptoms.


METHODS
We studied the effects of bilateral electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) on cortical spontaneous activity by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 11 Parkinsonian patients. The artifacts produced by DBS were suppressed by tSSS algorithm.


RESULTS
During DBS, UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) rigidity scores correlated with 6-10 Hz and 12-20 Hz somatomotor source strengths when eyes were open. When DBS was off UPDRS action tremor scores correlated with pericentral 6-10 Hz and 21-30 Hz and occipital alpha source strengths when eyes open. Occipital alpha strength decreased during DBS when eyes closed. The peak frequency of occipital alpha rhythm correlated negatively with total UPDRS motor scores and with rigidity subscores, when eyes closed.


CONCLUSION
STN DBS modulates brain oscillations both in alpha and beta bands and these oscillations reflect the clinical condition during DBS.


SIGNIFICANCE
MEG combined with an appropriate artifact rejection method enables studies of DBS effects in Parkinson's disease and presumably also in the other emerging DBS indications.