LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Innovative information visualization of electronic health record data: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE
This study investigates the use of visualization techniques reported between 1996 and 2013 and evaluates innovative approaches to information visualization of electronic health record (EHR) data for knowledge discovery.


METHODS
An electronic literature search was conducted May-July 2013 using MEDLINE and Web of Knowledge, supplemented by citation searching, gray literature searching, and reference list reviews. General search terms were used to assure a comprehensive document search.


RESULTS
Beginning with 891 articles, the number of articles was reduced by eliminating 191 duplicates. A matrix was developed for categorizing all abstracts and to assist with determining those to be excluded for review. Eighteen articles were included in the final analysis.


DISCUSSION
Several visualization techniques have been extensively researched. The most mature system is LifeLines and its applications as LifeLines2, EventFlow, and LifeFlow. Initially, research focused on records from a single patient and visualization of the complex data related to one patient. Since 2010, the techniques under investigation are for use with large numbers of patient records and events. Most are linear and allow interaction through scaling and zooming to resize. Color, density, and filter techniques are commonly used for visualization.


CONCLUSIONS
With the burgeoning increase in the amount of electronic healthcare data, the potential for knowledge discovery is significant if data are managed in innovative and effective ways. We identify challenges discovered by previous EHR visualization research, which will help researchers who seek to design and improve visualization techniques.
EKF-and wavelet-based algorithms applied to harmonic detection for active shunt filters

This work presents a performance comparison among algorithms able to estimate in real-time the fundamental component of the current absorbed from the supply by a nonlinear load. This fundamental component can be used to calculate the current reference for an active shunt filter (ASF). The effectiveness of ASFs in reducing the harmonic contents of the supply currents is strictly related to the ability of an algorithm to give a reliable and accurate estimate of the harmonic contents of the load current both at steady-state and in transient conditions. We have considered algorithms based on the use of a synchronous rotating frame (SRF), wavelet analysis, and Kalman filter theory. In order to overcome the problem related to the choice of the covariance matrices of the Kalman filter-based algorithm we propose to use a genetic algorithm (GA) to perform an off-line automatic search for optimal parameters. Experimental results are presented considering a three-phase induction motor drive as nonlinear load.
Is painless synovitis different from painful synovitis? A controlled, ultrasound, radiographic, clinical trial

OBJECTIVE
This study compares the clinical, ultrasonography, radiography, and laboratory outcomes of painless and painful chronic synovitis in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal joints; 30 of the patients did not experience pain, and 30 had experienced pain for at least 6 months prior to the study. The radiocarpal, distal radioulnar, and metacarpophalangeal joints were evaluated using the ultrasound gray scale, power Doppler, and radiography. Past and present clinical and laboratory findings were also evaluated.


RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for most of the outcomes. The group with pain scored worse on the disease activity indices (e.g., DAS 28 and SDAI), function questionnaires (HAQ and Cochin), and pinch strength test. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of an immunobiological agent was associated with a 3-fold greater chance of belonging to the group that experienced pain. The painless group had worse erosion scores in the second and fifth metacarpophalangeal with odd ratios (ORs) of 6.5 and 3.5, respectively. The painless group had more cartilage with grade 4 damage in the third metacarpophalangeal.


CONCLUSIONS
The rheumatoid arthritis patients with both painless and painful synovitis exhibited similar disease histories and radiographic and ultrasound findings. However, the ultrasonography evaluation revealed worse scores in the second and fifth metacarpophalangeal of the synovitis patients who did not experience pain.
Zoledronic acid preserves bone mineral density in premenopausal women who develop ovarian failure due to adjuvant chemotherapy: final results from CALGB trial 79809.

BACKGROUND
Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure (CIOF) is a frequent side-effect of adjuvant chemotherapy that results in rapid bone loss. We hypothesised that zoledronic acid (ZA), a third-generation amino bisphosphonate, would prevent bone loss in premenopausal women who developed CIOF.


METHODS
Women (439) were randomised to intravenous (i.v.) ZA 4 mg every 3 months for 2 years starting within 1-3 months after randomization (arm A) or 1 year after randomization (arm B, controls). CIOF was prospectively defined as ≥ 3 months of amenorrhoea, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≥ 30 MIU/ml and non-pregnant at 1 year. The primary end-point was the percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine (LS) from baseline to 12 months in the ZA and in control groups in women who developed CIOF; the secondary end-point was BMD in LS at 3 years in all randomised women.


FINDINGS
One hundred and fifty (56%) met the definition of CIOF at 1 year. Overall, grade 3 toxicities of ZA were fatigue (1%) arthralgias (21%) and pain (84%). The median percent change (interquartile range, IQR) at 1 year was +1.2% (-0.5% to +2.8%) and -6.7% (-9.7% to -2.9%) p<0.001 and at 3 years was +1.0% (-1.6% to +5.2%) and -0.5% (-3.7% to +3.2%) p=0.019 in arms A and B, respectively.


INTERPRETATION
ZA every 3 months is well tolerated and prevents rapid bone loss in premenopausal women that develop CIOF. Giving ZA with rather than 1 year after the start of adjuvant chemotherapy is the preferred sequence to prevent bone loss.
Kettlebell swing targets semitendinosus and supine leg curl targets biceps femoris: an EMG study with rehabilitation implications.

BACKGROUND
The medial hamstring muscle has the potential to prevent excessive dynamic valgus and external rotation of the knee joint during sports. Thus, specific training targeting the medial hamstring muscle seems important to avoid knee injuries.


OBJECTIVE
The aim was to investigate the medial and lateral hamstring muscle activation balance during 14 selected therapeutic exercises.


STUDY DESIGN
The study design involved single-occasion repeated measures in a randomised manner. Sixteen female elite handball and soccer players with a mean (SD) age of 23 (3) years and no previous history of knee injury participated in the present study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lateral (biceps femoris - BF) and medial (semitendinosus - ST) hamstring muscle was measured during selected strengthening and balance/coordination exercises, and normalised to EMG during isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). A two-way analysis of variance was performed using the mixed procedure to determine whether differences existed in normalised EMG between exercises and muscles.


RESULTS
Kettlebell swing and Romanian deadlift targeted specifically ST over BF (Δ17-22%, p<0.05) at very high levels of normalised EMG (73-115% of MVC). In contrast, the supine leg curl and hip extension specifically targeted the BF over the ST (Δ 20-23%, p<0.05) at very high levels of normalised EMG (75-87% of MVC).


CONCLUSION
Specific therapeutic exercises targeting the hamstrings can be divided into ST dominant or BF dominant hamstring exercises. Due to distinct functions of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles, this is an important knowledge in respect to prophylactic training and physical therapist practice.
Structured language modeling

This paper presents an attempt at using the syntactic structure in natural language for improved language models for speech recognition. The structured language model merges techniques in automatic parsing and language modeling using an original probabilistic parameterization of a shift-reduce parser. A maximum likelihood re-estimation procedure belonging to the class of expectation-maximization algorithms is employed for training the model. Experiments on theWall Street JournalandSwitchboardcorpora show improvement in both perplexity and word error rate—word lattice rescoring—over the standard 3-gram language model. c © 2000 Academic Press
Emotional exhaustion and workload predict clinician-rated and objective patient safety

AIMS
To investigate the role of clinician burnout, demographic, and organizational characteristics in predicting subjective and objective indicators of patient safety.


BACKGROUND
Maintaining clinician health and ensuring safe patient care are important goals for hospitals. While these goals are not independent from each other, the interplay between clinician psychological health, demographic and organizational variables, and objective patient safety indicators is poorly understood. The present study addresses this gap.


METHOD
Participants were 1425 physicians and nurses working in intensive care. Regression analysis (multilevel) was used to investigate the effect of burnout as an indicator of psychological health, demographic (e.g., professional role and experience) and organizational (e.g., workload, predictability) characteristics on standardized mortality ratios, length of stay and clinician-rated patient safety.


RESULTS
Clinician-rated patient safety was associated with burnout, trainee status, and professional role. Mortality was predicted by emotional exhaustion. Length of stay was predicted by workload. Contrary to our expectations, burnout did not predict length of stay, and workload and predictability did not predict standardized mortality ratios.


CONCLUSION
At least in the short-term, clinicians seem to be able to maintain safety despite high workload and low predictability. Nevertheless, burnout poses a safety risk. Subjectively, burnt-out clinicians rated safety lower, and objectively, units with high emotional exhaustion had higher standardized mortality ratios. In summary, our results indicate that clinician psychological health and patient safety could be managed simultaneously. Further research needs to establish causal relationships between these variables and support to the development of managerial guidelines to ensure clinicians' psychological health and patients' safety.
'Playing with words’: politics, poetry, and colonialism in José Craveirinha’s work

[Extract] In a short piece entitled 'Poetry is playing with words', the late Mozambican poet Jose Craveirinha (1922-2003) discusses his work and his place as a writer in the new postcolonial nation.> Speaking of poetry as 'an act of passion', he states: 'I have never been preoccupied ... with having my work published. My friends are more responsible for that than I am." However, since poets are in the business of clarity, he elaborates by lamenting the fact that '[i]n Mozambique to be a poet is not a profeSSIon. For the writing of poetry to be a profession, poetry must be valued; it must be essential. For the writing of poetry to be a profession, the poet must become more important than the soccer star.'5 
 
This is Craveirinha at his best - ambiguous about the worth of his work, ambivalent on his role within contemporary Mozambican writing in Portuguese. The tension is obvious. Craveirinha wants both to be taken seriously as a poet and, crucially, as a Mozambican poet, and claims to be 'attract[ed] to poetry [simply by the act of] playing with words, that constant search for the right word. which is precisely what poetry is'. 6 for a poet, intent on capturing the essence of the thing in the mot juste, Craveirinha is surprisingly vague, if not distinctly obtuse, when it comes to defining what it is that has made him one of the most exciting voices in the writing of the territories formerly colonized by Portugal.7 Most of all, Craveirinha betrays in the statement quoted above some of the unease he repeatedly voices about the role of the artist as political activist. He wants us to believe that as a poet he is essentially playing with words, that he is a dilettante - a stance his work 
so vehemently contradicts; and, in this view, politics are of no consequence. Indeed, one might suggest that Jose Craveirinha's unique place within contemporary Lusophone African writing has always hinged on this uncanny ability to appear diffident, to eschew the limelight. At a time when minor figures in Lusophone writing were being teted at conferences and seminars in Portugal, Brazil, and elsewhere, Craveirinha remained largely at his desk at the University Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo.8 If anything, he seemed intent on cultivating the marginal streak that now marked him as a writer, and that he stressed in his own assessments of his life and work as a Mozambican poet.
Cannabinoids in exhaled breath following controlled administration of smoked cannabis.

BACKGROUND
Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and cannabinol (CBN) were measured in breath following controlled cannabis smoking to characterize the time course and windows of detection of breath cannabinoids.


METHODS
Exhaled breath was collected from chronic (≥4 times per week) and occasional (<twice per week) smokers before and after smoking a 6.8% THC cigarette. Sample analysis included methanol extraction from breath pads, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification.


RESULTS
THC was the major cannabinoid in breath; no sample contained THCCOOH and only 1 contained CBN. Among chronic smokers (n = 13), all breath samples were positive for THC at 0.89 h, 76.9% at 1.38 h, and 53.8% at 2.38 h, and only 1 sample was positive at 4.2 h after smoking. Among occasional smokers (n = 11), 90.9% of breath samples were THC-positive at 0.95 h and 63.6% at 1.49 h. One occasional smoker had no detectable THC. Analyte recovery from breath pads by methanolic extraction was 84.2%-97.4%. Limits of quantification were 50 pg/pad for THC and CBN and 100 pg/pad for THCCOOH. Solid-phase extraction efficiency was 46.6%-52.1% (THC) and 76.3%-83.8% (THCCOOH, CBN). Matrix effects were -34.6% to 12.3%. Cannabinoids fortified onto breath pads were stable (≤18.2% concentration change) for 8 h at room temperature and -20°C storage for 6 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Breath may offer an alternative matrix for identifying recent driving under the influence of cannabis, but currently sensitivity is limited to a short detection window (0.5-2 h).
Primary caregivers' satisfaction with clinicians' response to them as informal carers of young people with first-episode psychosis: a qualitative study.

AIM
To explore first-time primary caregivers' experience of the way mental health nurses and other mental health clinicians respond to them as carers of young people with first-episode psychosis.


BACKGROUND
Caregivers have a key role in supporting family members/relatives with mental illness, but their contribution is undervalued frequently by mental health nurses and other mental health clinicians. Design.  Qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis.


METHOD
A qualitative interpretative design was undertaken, using semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews. Twenty primary caregivers were recruited through Orygen Youth Health, a first-episode psychosis centre in Melbourne. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify themes in the data.


RESULTS
Two competing themes were identified in the data, highlighting caregivers' contrasting experience with mental health nurses and other mental health clinicians. First, most clinical staff were approachable and supportive. Second, several carers felt their contribution was undervalued by some clinical staff. This was as a consequence of being excluded from clinical deliberations because of clinical staffs' concerns and young people's requests about maintaining confidentiality regarding treatment, as well as carers feeling their role was not taken seriously by clinical staff.


CONCLUSION
First-time primary carers have positive and negative experiences with first-episode psychosis mental health nurses and other clinicians, and these competing events are interrelated. Experiences are affected directly by the manner they are treated by clinical staff and this may, in turn, affect carers' commitment to caring, the way they engage with clinical staff on subsequent occasions and towards the first-episode psychosis service generally.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Greater appreciation is needed of the contribution, experience and difficulties caregivers encounter in their role and in engaging with mental health nurses and other clinicians. Additional training is required for clinical staff in family interventions and to familiarise them with legislation and mental health policies relating to carers.
Heuristic Decision-Making for Human-aware Navigation in Domestic Environments

Robot navigation in domestic environments is still a challenge. This paper introduces a cognitively inspired decision-making method and an instantiation of it for (local) robot navigation in spatially constrained environments. We compare the method to two existing local planners with respect to efficiency, safety and legibility.
Optimization of the POSIT algorithm for indoor autonomous navigation

This paper presents an optimization of POSIT (Pose from Orthographic and Scaling with Iterations), a model-based camera location algorithm, in the domain of indoor mobile robot navigation. The method finds the rotation matrix and the translation vector of the camera with respect to an object. The novelty of the proposed modified algorithm is that it does not need the perfect knowledge of camera parameters. A new definition of the scaling factor has been introduced in the scaled orthographic projection. Due to the peculiarity of the indoor bounded workspace a new formulation of the translation vector has been used. The new method has been successfully applied in a real environment considering a goal-directed navigation task for our real robot Khepera. The experimentation has shown better results in comparison with the original POSIT algorithm. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ontology Patterns: Clarifying Concepts and Terminology

Ontology patterns have been pointed out as a promising approach for ontology engineering. The goal of this paper is to clarify concepts and the terminology used in Ontology Engineering to talk about the notion of ontology patterns taking into account already well-established notions of patterns in Software Engineering.
Premature ejaculation and serotonergic antidepressants-induced delayed ejaculation: the involvement of the serotonergic system

Premature ejaculation has generally been considered a psychosexual disorder with psychogenic aetiology. Although still mainly treated by behavioural therapy, in recent years double-blind studies have indicated the beneficial effects of some of the serotonergic antidepressants (SSRIs) in delaying ejaculation. We describe here the neurophysiology and the peripheral neuroanatomy of ejaculation and provide a review of the involvement of serotonin in the central nervous system in relation to serotonergic nuclei and their projections. A hypothesis of the role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors in premature ejaculation is postulated.
How nurse managers in Japanese hospital wards manage patient violence toward their staff.

AIM
This study explores nurse managers' experiences in dealing with patient/family violence toward their staff.


BACKGROUND
Studies and guidelines have emphasised the responsibility of nurse managers to manage violence directed at their staff. Although studies on nursing staff have highlighted the ineffectiveness of strategies used by nurse managers, few have explored their perspectives on dealing with violence.


METHODS
This qualitative study adopted a grounded theory approach to explore the experiences of 26 Japanese nurse managers.


RESULTS
The nurse managers made decisions using internalised ethical values, which included maintaining organisational functioning, keeping staff safe, advocating for the patient/family and avoiding moral transgressions. They resolved internal conflicts among their ethical values by repeating a holistic assessment and simultaneous approach consisting of damage control and dialogue. They facilitated the involved persons' understanding, acceptance and sensemaking of the incident, which contributed to a resolution of the internal conflicts among their ethical values.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurse managers adhere to their ethical values when dealing with patient violence toward nurses. Their ethical decision-making process should be acknowledged as an effective strategy to manage violence.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Organisational strategies that support and incorporate managers' ethical decision-making are needed to prevent and manage violence toward nurses.
Esomeprazole for the Treatment of GERD in Infants Ages 1-11 Months.

OBJECTIVES
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is present in pediatric patients when reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/ or complications. The present study evaluates the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in infants ages 1 to 11 months with GERD.


METHODS
In this multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, treatment-withdrawal study, infants received open-label, weight-adjusted doses of esomeprazole (2.5-10 mg) once daily for 2 weeks. Infants with symptom improvement were randomized to esomeprazole (weight-adjusted doses [2.5-10 mg]) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was time to discontinuation owing to symptom worsening based on global assessments by the parent/guardian and physician. Adverse events were recorded.


RESULTS
Of the 98 patients enrolled, 81 (82.7%) experienced symptom improvement determined by physician global assessment (PGA) during open-label esomeprazole treatment; 80 entered the double-blind phase. During this phase, discontinuation rates owing to symptom worsening were 48.8% (20/41) for placebo-treated versus 38.5% (15/39) for esomeprazole-treated patients (hazard ratio 0.69; P = 0.28). Posthoc analysis of infants with symptomatic GERD (ie, no diagnostic procedure performed) revealed that time to discontinuation was significantly longer with esomeprazole than placebo (hazard ratio 0.24; P = 0.01); the complementary subgroup difference was not significant (hazard ratio 1.39; P = 0.48). Esomeprazole was well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
The discontinuation rate owing to symptom worsening did not differ significantly between infants receiving esomeprazole versus those receiving placebo. Improved diagnostic criteria in this age group are needed to identify infants with GERD who may benefit from acid suppression therapy.
Modeling of a BDFM-based wind turbine under unbalanced grid voltage dips

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) is a machine which incorporates the robustness of the squirrel cage induction machine while having the speed and power factor control of a synchronous machine. A special kind of rotor called Nested-Loop rotor plays an important part in the BDFM, coupling the two stator fields. In future BDFM will share a large part in wind power market. This paper presents a mathematical model of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) based on Stator Flux Orientation (SFO) in the positive and negative reference frames under unbalanced grid voltage conditions.