LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of vaccination of cattle with the Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent Leptospira bacterin against experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with the Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent Leptospira bacterin against a virulent experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203 in cattle.


ANIMALS
Fifty-five 6-month-old Holstein heifers.


PROCEDURES
Heifers that were negative for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus determined via immunohistochemical testing and negative for Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa, Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava, Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, and Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae determined via microscopic agglutination assay were enrolled in the study. Two heifers were separated and used for the challenge passage. The remaining heifers were vaccinated twice with a commercial pentavalent bacterin or a sham vaccine 21 days apart and subsequently challenged with L borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203. Urinary shedding, antibody titers, and clinical signs of leptospirosis infection were recorded for 8 weeks after challenge.


RESULTS
Heifers that received the pentavalent bacterin did not shed the organism in urine after challenge and did not have renal colonization at necropsy. Heifers that were sham vaccinated shed the organism in urine and had renal colonization.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results provided evidence that a pentavalent Leptospira vaccine containing L interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno can provide protection against challenge with L borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203. It is important to demonstrate cross-protection that is vaccine specific against disease-causing strains of organisms that are prevalent under field conditions.
Equimolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of equimolar doses of 20% mannitol solution and of 7.45% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in the treatment of patients with sustained elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).


DESIGN
Parallel, randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
Two intensive care units in a university hospital.


PATIENTS
A total of 20 stable patients with a sustained ICP of >20 mm Hg secondary to traumatic brain injury (n = 17) or stroke (n = 3).


INTERVENTIONS
A single equimolar infusion (255 mOsm dose) of either 231 mL of 20% mannitol (mannitol group; n = 10 patients) or 100 mL of 7.45% hypertonic saline (HSS group; n = 10 patients) during 20 mins of administration.


MEASUREMENTS
ICP, arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, blood flow velocities of middle cerebral artery using continuous transcranial Doppler, brain tissue oxygen tension, serum sodium and osmolality, and urine output during a study period of 120 mins.


MAIN RESULTS
The two treatments equally and durably reduced ICP during the experiment. At 60 mins after the start of the infusion, ICP was reduced by 45% +/- 19% of baseline values (mean +/- sd) in the mannitol group vs. 35% +/- 14% of baseline values in the HSS group. Cerebral perfusion pressure and diastolic and mean blood flow velocities were durably increased in the mannitol group, resulting in lower values of pulsatility index at the different times of the experiment (p < .01 vs. HSS). No major changes in brain tissue oxygen tension were found after each treatment. Mannitol caused a significantly greater increase in urine output (p < .05) than HSS, although there was no difference in the vascular filling requirement between the two treatments. HSS caused a significant elevation of serum sodium and chloride at 120 mins after the start of the infusion (p < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
A single equimolar infusion of 20% mannitol is as effective as 7.45% HSS in decreasing ICP in patients with brain injury. Mannitol exerts additional effects on brain circulation through a possible improvement in blood rheology. Pretreatment factors, such as serum sodium, systemic hemodynamics, and brain hemodynamics, thus should be considered when choosing between mannitol and HSS for patients with increased ICP.
Multicenter study of clinical features of sudden-onset versus slower-onset asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalization.

BACKGROUND
Asthma exacerbations differ in their speed of symptom onset.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize and compare demographic factors, clinical risk factors, and clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients who presented with sudden-onset (<or= 3 h) versus slower-onset asthma exacerbations, across a wide age range.


METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of a random sample of 1,294 patients, ages 2-54 years, admitted in 30 United States hospitals, for acute asthma from January 1999 to May 2000.


RESULTS
Data on duration of symptoms were available for 1,260 (97%) of the patients. Seventy-two patients (6%) had sudden-onset exacerbations. Sudden-onset patients were older than slower-onset patients (30 y vs 19 y, p = 0.03) but did not differ by other sociodemographic characteristics. Markers of chronic asthma severity were similar between the groups. The sudden-onset patients were more likely to present to the emergency department between midnight and 8:00 am, to require intubation, and to be admitted to the intensive care unit (all p < 0.01). The higher risk of intensive care unit admission remained significant even after adjustment for 6 potential confounders (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-4.9). However, hospital stay was shorter in the sudden-onset patients (2.0 d vs 2.7 d, p = 0.01). There was no difference in peak expiratory flow at hospital discharge.


CONCLUSIONS
The sudden-onset patients were older and they more commonly presented to the emergency department between midnight and 8:00 am with severe exacerbations that required intubation and intensive care unit admission. However, the sudden-onset group was discharged from the hospital earlier.
History of the technical structure of the IAS

8 history | f.a. (tony) furfari History of the Technical Structure of the IAS previous article in IEEE Industry Applications Magazine [1] described the beginnings , in 1964, of the Industry and General Applications Group (I&GA) in the newly created IEEE. When the IEEE created the organizational structures known as technical societies in 1971, the I&GA became the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) with which we are all familiar. When the I&GA was created, it included 23 technical committees (TCs) divided into two groups—14 industry committees and nine technology committees. This article will trace the changes over the last 40+ years which have lead to our present structure of four operating departments (ODs) and 18 TCs. The chief sources for the investigation of these structural changes over time are two IAS publications—the first [2] issued in 1984 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the IEEE and the second [3] issued in 1995 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the IAS Annual Meeting—plus the series of IAS organizational guides issued annually between 1985–2000. These highly reliable printed sources have been supplemented in certain instances by the somewhat less reliable memory of the author. Of the 14 TCs listed as industry committees in 1964, seven are still active and remain essentially unchanged in scope. Five of these— Cement, Metal, Mining, Petroleum and Chemical, and Pulp and Paper—make up the present Process Industries Department. Domestic Appliance (now called simply Appliance) is part of the Manufacturing Systems Development and Applications Department. Rural Electric Power is part of the Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Department. The seven Industry Committees no longer on our list have disappeared through several means. ■ General Industry Applications apparently became the General Industries Department, including (in 1985) such committees The General Industries Department disappeared in a 1991 restructuring of the IAS technical structure. ■ Land Transportation was moved in 1986 to the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, a change made at the commit-tee's request. ■ Marine Transportation was moved in 1991 to the IAS Standards Department because its only activity had become the maintenance of IEEE Standard 45 relating to shipboard electrical systems. In 2001, Marine Transportation was moved to the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee, where it is now the Marine Industry Subcommittee.
ICT integration in the classroom: Challenging the potential of a school policy

Despite the assumption that the integration of ICT influences the entire school system, research focusing on ICT in schools is generally limited to the study of variables at class level. In contrast to these studies, the present research explores ICT integration from a school improvement approach. More particularly, it examines the local school policy with respect to ICT integration from both the principal’s perspective and perceptions of teachers. Furthermore, it studies the relationship between school policies and the actual use of ICT in the classroom. To answer the research questions, a representative sample of 53 primary school principals was interviewed. In addition, the interview data were supplemented with survey data of 574 teachers from the same 53 schools. What emerged from the analyses was that school-related policies, such as an ICT plan, ICT support and ICT training have a significant effect on class use of ICT. In addition, the findings from the interviews indicate that school policies are often underdeveloped and underutilised. The discussion section focuses on challenges to improve the potential of an ICT school policy. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intrinsically Sparse Long Short-Term Memory Networks

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has achieved state-of-the-art performances on a wide range of tasks. Its outstanding performance is guaranteed by the long-term memory ability which matches the sequential data perfectly and the gating structure controlling the information flow. However, LSTMs are prone to be memory-bandwidth limited in realistic applications and need an unbearable period of training and inference time as the model size is ever-increasing. To tackle this problem, various efficient model compression methods have been proposed. Most of them need a big and expensive pre-trained model which is a nightmare for resource-limited devices where the memory budget is strictly limited. To remedy this situation, in this paper, we incorporate the Sparse Evolutionary Training (SET) procedure into LSTM, proposing a novel model dubbed SET-LSTM. Rather than starting with a fully-connected architecture, SET-LSTM has a sparse topology and dramatically fewer parameters in both phases, training and inference. Considering the specific architecture of LSTMs, we replace the LSTM cells and embedding layers with sparse structures and further on, use an evolutionary strategy to adapt the sparse connectivity to the data. Additionally, we find that SET-LSTM can provide many different good combinations of sparse connectivity to substitute the overparameterized optimization problem of dense neural networks. Evaluated on four sentiment analysis classification datasets, the results demonstrate that our proposed model is able to achieve usually better performance than its fully connected counterpart while having less than 4% of its parameters. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands. Correspondence to: Shiwei Liu <s.liu3@tue.nl>.
Multipotent Nestin-Positive Stem Cells Reside in the Stroma of Human Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands and Can Be Propagated Robustly In Vitro

Human skin harbours multiple different stem cell populations. In contrast to the relatively well-characterized niches of epidermal and hair follicle stem cells, the localization and niches of stem cells in other human skin compartments are as yet insufficiently investigated. Previously, we had shown in a pilot study that human sweat gland stroma contains Nestin-positive stem cells. Isolated sweat gland stroma-derived stem cells (SGSCs) proliferated in vitro and expressed Nestin in 80% of the cells. In this study, we were able to determine the precise localization of Nestin-positive cells in both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands of human axillary skin. We established a reproducible isolation procedure and characterized the spontaneous, long-lasting multipotent differentiation capacity of SGSCs. Thereby, a pronounced ectodermal differentiation was observed. Moreover, the secretion of prominent cytokines demonstrated the immunological potential of SGSCs. The comparison to human adult epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) revealed differences in protein expression and differentiation capacity. Furthermore, we found a coexpression of the stem cell markers Nestin and Iα6 within SGSCs and human sweat gland stroma. In conclusion the initial results of the pilot study were confirmed, indicating that human sweat glands are a new source of unique stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential, high proliferation capacity and remarkable self renewal. With regard to the easy accessibility of skin tissue biopsies, an autologous application of SGSCs in clinical therapies appears promising.
Development and validation of the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for adults

BACKGROUND
Eating self-regulatory capacity can help individuals to cope with the obesogenic environment and achieve, as well as maintain, a healthy weight and diet. At present, there is no comprehensive, reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing this capacity and measuring change in response to self-regulation interventions in adults. This paper reports the development of the Self-regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ) for use in UK adults, and presents evidence for its reliability and construct validity. The development of the SREBQ involved generation of an item pool, followed by two pilot studies (Samples 1 and 2) and a test of the questionnaire's underlying factor structure (Sample 3). The final version of the SREBQ was then assessed for reliability and construct validity (Sample 4).


RESULTS
Development of the SREBQ resulted in a 5-item questionnaire. The face validity was satisfactory, as assessed by the pilot studies. The factor structure analysis (Sample 3) suggested that it has a single underlying factor, which was confirmed in a second sample (Sample 4). The SREBQ had strong construct validity, showing a positive correlation with general measures of self-regulation. It was also positively correlated with motivation and behavioural automaticity, and negatively correlated with food responsiveness and emotional over-eating (p < 0.001). It showed good discriminant validity, as it was only weakly associated with satiety responsiveness, food fussiness and slowness in eating.


CONCLUSIONS
The SREBQ is a reliable and valid measure for assessment of eating self-regulatory capacity in the general UK adult population.
An extension of Trust and TAM model with TPB in the initial adoption of on-line tax: An empirical study

While on-line tax is considered as a special type of e-service, the adoption rate of this service in Taiwan is still relatively low. The initial adoption of on-line tax is the important driving force to further influence the use and continued use of this service. The model of Trust and technology acceptance model (TAM) in Gefen et al. (2003a, MIS Quarterly 27(1), 51–90) has been well studied in on-line shopping and showed that understanding both the Internet technology and trust issue is important in determining behavioral intention to use. Besides, the diffusion of on-line tax could also be influenced by the potential antecedents such as individuals, organizational members, and social system while the issue for innovative technology is well discussed in Rogers (1995, The Diffusion of Innovation, fourth ed. Free Press, New York). Theory of planned behavior (TPB) is the model widely used to discuss the effect of these antecedents in behavioral intention. An extension of Trust and TAM model with TPB would be in more comprehensive manner to understand behavioral intention to use on-line tax. Furthermore, a large sample survey is used to empirically examine this framework. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Functional and perfusional assessment with electrocardiograph-gated single photon emission computed tomography after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND
Because of limited surgical field, minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) requires anastomosis to the distal portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) with the heart beating. Though the diameters of these arteries are very small, it is unknown whether blood flow sufficient for the LAD territory is obtained by bypass grafting.


METHOD
Eight patients with single-vessel disease of the LAD underwent MIDCAB with the LITA to the LAD and we evaluate the perfusion and function in the LAD territory by quantitative ECG-gated SPECT (QGS) with 99m-technetium sestamibi (MIBI) before and after operation.


RESULT
The intraoperatively measured diameters of the LITA and LAD at the site of anastomosis were 1.1+/-0.2 mm and 1.3+/-0.4 mm, respectively. The percentage increases in end-diastolic perfusion, regional ejection fraction and regional wall thickening in the anteroseptal area after MIDCAB were 136.3+/-11.7(p=0.071), 148.4+/-6.6(p=0.007) and 133.0+/-5.6(p=0.029), respectively (paired t-test, mean +/- SD %). Stress-rest MIBI SPECT indicated no ischemia in anteroseptal wall.


CONCLUSION
The MIDCAB technique thus appeared to improve perfusion and function in the LAD territory despite bypass to the distal LAD, and ECG-gated MIBI SPECT using QGS software was very useful for evaluating the quality of anastomosis after MIDCAB.
Polarimetric Radar Estimators Based on a Constrained Gamma Drop Size Distribution Model

Raindrop size distribution (DSD) retrieval from remote radar measurements or from in situ disdrometer measurements is an important area of research. If the shape ( ) and slope ( ) of a three-parameter gamma distribution n(D) N0D exp( D ) are related to one another, as recent disdrometer measurements suggest, the gamma DSD model is simplified to a two-parameter DSD, that is, a constrained gamma DSD. An empirical relation between the and was derived using moments estimated from video-disdrometer measurements. Here, the effects of DSD truncation on a and relation were analyzed. It was shown that characteristic size and variance of size of a constrained gamma DSD depend only on the shape parameter . Assuming that a constrained gamma DSD is valid, S-band polarimetric radar–based estimators for rain rate, median volume diameter, specific propagation phase, attenuation, and differential attenuation were derived. The radar-based estimators were used to obtain the spatial distribution of DSD parameters corresponding to a range–height indicator of radar measurements. Self-consistency among polarization radar measurements is used to indirectly verify constrained gamma DSD-based polarization radar estimators.
CANN: An intrusion detection system based on combining cluster centers and nearest neighbors

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Article history: Received 4 April 2014 Received in revised form 17 December 2014 Accepted 17 January 2015 Available online xxxx
Fuzzy tracking methods for mobile robots

This chapter deals with the application of fuzzy logic to autonomous navigation of mobile robots. Tw different tracking problems are considered: tracking of previously computed explicit paths, and tracking of walls and other natural features in the robot environment. Fuzzy logic allows the management of heuristic rule base knowledge, imprecise information from sensors, and the uncertainties in the knowledge about the environment. The Chapter includes the application of the tracking methods to the mobile robots RAM-1 and AURORA.
Cost Analysis of 2 Empiric Antibacterial Regimens Containing Glycopeptides for the Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Acute Leukaemia

Objective: Patients with cancer-associated neutropenia are at high risk of developing severe infections which can be fatal if treatment is not promptly administered. For this reason, fever is treated as soon as possible with broad spectrum antibacterial therapy. The objective of this study was to conduct a cost analysis in Italy comparing 2 empiric glycoprotein-containing antibacterial regimens for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients with acute leukaemia. Design and setting: A retrospective cost analysis was conducted, using the records of 527 febrile neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia who participated in an 18-month multicentre (29 Italian haematological units) randomised trial during 1991. All patients received either of the following 2 empiric intravenous regimens, each containing 3 antibacterial agents: ceftazidime (2g, 3 times daily) and amikacin (15 mg/kg/day, in 3 separate doses) plus teicoplanin (6 mg/kg, in a single dose) or vancomycin (30 mg/kg/day, in 2 separate doses). Economic analyses were carried out from a hospital perspective. Only the direct costs per patient, i.e. mean antibacterial treatment and management cost, mean overall treatment failure cost and mean cost of adverse effects, were included. Main outcome measures and results: No differences were found in the clinical response, defined as the improvement in the rate of fever or infection (if documented), between the 2 regimens. However, tolerability, defined as the incidence of adverse effects probably or definitely related to the assigned treatment, was reported to be better with the teicoplanin- rather than the vancomycin-containing regimen. Conclusions: This retrospective cost analysis showed that despite the higher acquisition cost of teicoplanin relative to vancomycin, the lower incidence of adverse effects associated with teicoplanin and its ease of administration (single daily dose) resulted in equivalent overall treatment costs between teicoplaninand vancomycin-containing regimens.
Finite element response sensitivity analysis using three-field mixed formulation: general theory and application to frame structures

This paper presents a method to compute response sensitivities of finite element models of structures based on a three-field mixed formulation. The methodology is based on the direct differentiation method (DDM), and produces the response sensitivities consistent with the numerical finite element response. The general formulation is specialized to frame finite elements and details related to a newly developed steel–concrete composite frame element are provided. DDM sensitivity results are validated through the forward finite difference method (FDM) using a finite element model of a realistic steel–concrete composite frame subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loading. The finite element model of the structure considered is constructed using both monolithic frame elements and composite frame elements with deformable shear connection based on the three-field mixed formulation. The addition of the analytical sensitivity computation algorithm presented in this paper extends the use of finite elements based on a three-field mixed formulation to applications that require finite element response sensitivities. Such applications include structural reliability analysis, structural optimization, structural identification, and finite element model updating. Copyright q 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.