LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
MonALISA: An agent based, dynamic service system to monitor, control and optimize distributed systems

The MonALISA (Monitoring Agents in A Large Integrated Services Architecture) system provides a distributed service architecture which is used to collect and process monitoring information. While its initial target field of application is networks and Grid systems supporting data processing and analysis for global high energy and nuclear physics collaborations, MonALISA is broadly applicable to many fields of “data intensive” science, and to the monitoring and management of major research and education networks. MonALISA is based on a scalable Dynamic Distributed Services Architecture), and is implemented in Java using JINI and WSDL technologies. The scalability of the system derives from the use of a multi threaded engine to host a variety of loosely coupled self-describing dynamic services, the ability of each service to register itself and then to be discovered and used by any other services, or clients that require such information. The framework integrates many existing monitoring tools and procedures to collect parameters describing computational nodes, applications and network performance. Specialized mobile agents are used in the MonALISA framework to perform global optimization tasks or help and improve the operation of large distributed system by performing supervising tasks for different applications or real time parameters. MonALISA is currently running around the clock monitoring several Grids and distributed applications on around 160 sites.
Macular pigment optical density in an ageing Irish population: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

PURPOSE
The 3 carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, which account for the 'yellow spot' at the macula and which are referred to as macular pigment (MP), are believed to play a role in visual function and protect against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via their optical and antioxidant properties. This study was undertaken to compare MP optical density (MPOD) in a population aged > or =50 years with MPOD values from a normative database of subjects aged 18-60 years.


METHODS
Seventy-nine subjects were recruited into this pilot study (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing-TILDA). MPOD was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Retinal fundus photographs, lifestyle data and general health data, were also obtained.


RESULTS
The mean +/- SD age of the 79 subjects recruited into this study was 65 +/- 11 years. There was a moderate, but statistically significant, age-related decline in MPOD at 0.5 degrees in the TILDA data (r = -0.251, p = 0.045), which remained upon merging with a normative database of an additional 462 subjects aged between 18 and 67 years (r = -0.179, p = 0.000).


CONCLUSIONS
We report an inverse association between MPOD and increasing age. Longitudinal data in a larger cohort of participants are required to satisfactorily investigate the relationship between the optical density of this pigment and age, and with risk for development and/or progression of AMD. This pilot study represents a first step in this endeavour.
Evaluating the risk of ovarian cancer before surgery using the ADNEX model to differentiate between benign, borderline, early and advanced stage invasive, and secondary metastatic tumours: prospective multicentre diagnostic study

OBJECTIVES
To develop a risk prediction model to preoperatively discriminate between benign, borderline, stage I invasive, stage II-IV invasive, and secondary metastatic ovarian tumours.


DESIGN
Observational diagnostic study using prospectively collected clinical and ultrasound data.


SETTING
24 ultrasound centres in 10 countries.


PARTICIPANTS
Women with an ovarian (including para-ovarian and tubal) mass and who underwent a standardised ultrasound examination before surgery. The model was developed on 3506 patients recruited between 1999 and 2007, temporally validated on 2403 patients recruited between 2009 and 2012, and then updated on all 5909 patients.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Histological classification and surgical staging of the mass.


RESULTS
The Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model contains three clinical and six ultrasound predictors: age, serum CA-125 level, type of centre (oncology centres v other hospitals), maximum diameter of lesion, proportion of solid tissue, more than 10 cyst locules, number of papillary projections, acoustic shadows, and ascites. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the classic discrimination between benign and malignant tumours was 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) on temporal validation. The AUC was 0.85 for benign versus borderline, 0.92 for benign versus stage I cancer, 0.99 for benign versus stage II-IV cancer, and 0.95 for benign versus secondary metastatic. AUCs between malignant subtypes varied between 0.71 and 0.95, with an AUC of 0.75 for borderline versus stage I cancer and 0.82 for stage II-IV versus secondary metastatic. Calibration curves showed that the estimated risks were accurate.


CONCLUSIONS
The ADNEX model discriminates well between benign and malignant tumours and offers fair to excellent discrimination between four types of ovarian malignancy. The use of ADNEX has the potential to improve triage and management decisions and so reduce morbidity and mortality associated with adnexal pathology.
Brier Curves: a New Cost-Based Visualisation of Classifier Performance

It is often necessary to evaluate classifier performance over a range of operating conditions, rather than as a point estimate. This is typically assessed through the construction of ‘curves’ over a ‘space’, visualising how one or two performance metrics vary with the operating condition. For binary classifiers in particular, cost space is a natural way of showing this range of performance, visualising loss against operating condition. However, the curves which have been traditionally drawn in cost space, known as cost curves, show the optimal loss, and hence assume knowledge of the optimal decision threshold for a given operating condition. Clearly, this leads to an optimistic assessment of classifier performance. In this paper we propose a more natural way of visualising classifier performance in cost space, which is to plot probabilistic loss on the y-axis, i.e., the loss arising from the probability estimates. This new curve provides new ways of understanding classifier performance and new tools to compare classifiers. In addition, we show that the area under this curve is exactly the Brier score, one of the most popular performance metrics for probabilistic classifiers.
Using Gamification to Enhance Second Language Learning

One major competence for learners in the 21st century is acquiring a second language (L2). Based on this, L2 instruction has integrated new concepts to motivate learners in their pursue of achieving fluency. A concept that is adaptable to digital natives and digital immigrants that are learning a L2 is Gamification. As a pedagogical strategy, Gamification is basically new, but it has been used successfully in the business world. Gamification not only uses game elements and game design techniques in non-game contexts (Werbach & Hunter, 2012), but also empowers and engages the learner with motivational skills towards a learning approach and sustaining a relax atmosphere. This personality factor as Brown (1994) addresses is fundamental in the teaching and learning of L2. This article covers aspects regarding language, second language learning methodology and approaches, an overview of the integration of technology towards L2 instruction, Gamification as a concept, motivational theory, educational implications for integrating the strategy effectively, and current applications used. It also calls for a necessity of empirical evidence and research in regards to the strategy. Keywords Gamification, Second Language Learning, Motivational Theory, Student Engagement
Multicentre phase II trial of bevacizumab combined with docetaxel-carboplatin for the neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (KCSG BR-0905).

BACKGROUND
This phase II neoadjuvant trial evaluated bevacizumab-docetaxel and carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Women with hormone receptor- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, stage II/III breast cancer received six cycles of 75 mg/m(2) docetaxel, carboplatin (AUC = 5) and 15 mg/kg bevacizumab every 21 days. The primary end point was pathological complete response (pCR) in breasts and axillary lymph nodes (ALN).


RESULTS
Forty-five patients were recruited from the Korean Cancer Study Group. The median age was 45 (range 30-72) years. ALNs were positive in 80% of patients (n = 36) at diagnosis. Overall, 98% of patients (n = 44) completed therapy and underwent surgery. The pCR rate was 42% (n = 19); clinical response rate 96% (n = 43); complete 13% (n = 6); partial 82% (n = 37); stable disease 2% (n = 1). Breast-conserving surgery was undertaken in 78% of patients (n = 35). Most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (84%, n = 38) and febrile neutropenia (9%, n = 4). One patient experienced delayed wound healing after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Neoadjuvant bevacizumab, docetaxel and carboplatin resulted in an encouraging pCR rate and negligible wound healing problems after surgery.
Malleable Reservation Based Bulk-Data Transfer to Recycle Spectrum Fragments in Elastic Optical Networks

In this paper, we propose to facilitate efficient bulk-data transfer in elastic optical networks (EONs) with malleable reservation (MR). The MR scheme performs adjustable routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) for the data-oriented requests that each has certain amount of data to transfer in an EON, where there also exist flow-oriented requests that each requires a fixed bandwidth. We enable RSA reconfigurations for each data-oriented request served by MR, to effectively recycle the 2-D spectrum fragments (i.e, fragments existing in the time and spectrum domains with a correlated manner) generated by the flow-oriented requests. We first formulate a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for the MR problem to maximize the percentage of transmitted data using a limited number of RSA reconfigurations. Then, in order to reduce the time complexity, we propose a dynamic programming method (DPM) that can provide the exact solution to the MR problem in polynomial time. Simulation results suggest that compared with the MILP, DPM can provide exact MR solutions for the data-oriented requests with significantly reduced time complexity. The results also verify that without affecting the provisioning of flow-oriented requests, DPM can recycle 2-D spectrum fragments and improve the EON's spectrum utilization effectively.
Effects of supplementing n-3 fatty acid enriched eggs and walnuts on cardiovascular disease risk markers in healthy free-living lacto-ovo-vegetarians: a randomized, crossover, free-living intervention study

BACKGROUND
Plant and marine n-3 fatty acids (FA) may favorably modify select markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Whether supplementing the habitual diet of lacto-ovo-vegetarians (LOV) with walnuts (containing α-linolenic acid, ALA) and n-3 FA enriched eggs (containing primarily docosahexaenoic acid, DHA and ALA) would have equivalent effects on CVD risk factors is explored in this study.


METHODS
In this study, 20 healthy free-living LOVs following their habitual diet were randomly assigned in a crossover design to receive one of three supplements: n-3 FA enriched egg (6/week), walnuts (28.4 g, 6/week) or a standard egg, 6/week (control) for 8 weeks each with 4-wk washout between treatments. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids, serum lipids and inflammatory markers were measured at the end of each treatment.


RESULTS
Dietary compliance was observed by an expected increase in erythrocyte membrane ALA following the walnut treatment and in DHA following the n-3 FA enriched egg treatment. Walnut treatment lowered serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and Apo B (p < 0.05) compared to the standard egg but not the n-3 FA enriched egg treatment. However, walnut treatment significantly reduced total: HDL cholesterol ratio compared to both egg treatments. There were no differences between treatments for any of the inflammatory markers.


CONCLUSIONS
For LOV, a direct source of DHA such as n-3 FA enriched eggs seems necessary to increase membrane levels of DHA. However for producing an overall favorable blood lipid profile, daily consumption of a handful of walnuts rich in ALA may be a preferred option for lacto-ovo vegetarian.
Instant messaging and the future of language

The writing style commonly used in IMing, texting, and other forms of computer-mediated communication need not spell the end of normative language.
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in wheat

Hundred fourteen pre-breeding lines of wheat were evaluated for variability. High values of GCV and PCV were recorded for tillers meter-1 and grain yield meter-1, whereas moderate values for rest of the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for traits plant height, tillers m-1, grain yield m-1, grain wt spike-1 and spike length indicating that these characters are governed by additive gene effects and directional selection for these traits would be more effective. Correlation and path analysis studies revealed that, three characters, tiller number m-1 >grain weight spike-1 >number of grains spike-1 in that order are the most important characters as these exhibited positive and strong association and maximum positive direct effects on grain yield. Therefore while imparting the selection in wheat characters tiller number m-1, grain weight spike-1 and number of grains spike-1 must be given preference.
Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE
A large and well-characterized sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa from the Price Foundation collaborative genetics study was used to determine the frequency of anxiety disorders and to understand how anxiety disorders are related to state of eating disorder illness and age at onset.


METHOD
Ninety-seven individuals with anorexia nervosa, 282 with bulimia nervosa, and 293 with anorexia nervosa and bulimia were given the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and standardized measures of anxiety, perfectionism, and obsessionality. Their ratings on these measures were compared with those of a nonclinical group of women in the community.


RESULTS
The rates of most anxiety disorders were similar in all three subtypes of eating disorders. About two-thirds of the individuals with eating disorders had one or more lifetime anxiety disorder; the most common were obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (N=277 [41%]) and social phobia (N=134 [20%]). A majority of the participants reported the onset of OCD, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder in childhood, before they developed an eating disorder. People with a history of an eating disorder who were not currently ill and never had a lifetime anxiety disorder diagnosis still tended to be anxious, perfectionistic, and harm avoidant. The presence of either an anxiety disorder or an eating disorder tended to exacerbate these symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of anxiety disorders in general and OCD in particular was much higher in people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa than in a nonclinical group of women in the community. Anxiety disorders commonly had their onset in childhood before the onset of an eating disorder, supporting the possibility they are a vulnerability factor for developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample.

BACKGROUND
Most diagnostic nomenclatures do not allow for the concurrent diagnosis of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinic-based studies suggest autistic symptoms are common in children with ADHD, but such studies are prone to referral bias. This study assesses whether children with ADHD selected from the general twin population have elevated levels of autistic traits.


METHODS
Nine hundred forty-six twins identified by Missouri birth records were assigned to DSM-IV ADHD diagnoses and seven population-derived ADHD subtypes defined through latent class analysis of DSM-IV ADHD symptoms. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used as a quantitative measure of autistic traits. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether mean SRS scores differed between ADHD diagnostic groups.


RESULTS
Mean SRS scores for DSM-IV predominantly inattentive subtype and combined subtype ADHD groups were significantly higher than for subjects without DSM-IV ADHD (p < .001, both comparisons). Five of the population-derived ADHD subtypes (talkative-impulsive, mild and severe inattentive, mild and severe combined) had significantly higher mean SRS scores compared to the latent class subtype with few ADHD symptoms (p < .001, all comparisons). DSM-IV combined subtype and the population-derived severe combined subtype had the highest mean total SRS scores and the highest mean scores for each of the three autism symptom domains, with a substantial proportion of individuals scoring in the clinically significant range.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides population-based evidence for clinically significant elevations of autistic traits in children meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD. These results have implications for the design and interpretation of studies of both disorders.
Complications of growth-sparing surgery in early onset scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN
Review of available literature, authors' opinion.


OBJECTIVE
To describe complications associated with growth-sparing surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS).


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
EOS has many potential etiologies and is often associated with thoracic insufficiency syndrome. The growth of the spine, thorax, and lungs are interrelated, and severe EOS typically involves disturbance of the normal development of all 3. Severe EOS may be treated during growth with surgical techniques, intended to preserve growth while controlling deformity, the most common of which are spinal "growing rods" (GR) or "vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib" (VEPTR). Although presently popular, there is minimal long-term data on the outcome of growth-sparing surgical techniques on EOS.


METHODS
Review.


RESULTS
Potential adverse outcomes of GR or VEPTR treatment of EOS include failure to prevent progressive deformity or thoracic insufficiency syndrome, an unacceptably short or stiff spine or deformed thorax, increased family burden of care, and potentially negative psychological consequences from repeated surgical interventions. Neither technique reliably controls all deformity over the entirety of growth period. Infections are common to both GR and VEPTR. Rod breakage and spontaneous premature spinal fusion beneath rods are troublesome complications in GR, whereas drift of rib attachments and chest wall scarring are anticipated complications in VEPTR treatment. Indications for GR and VEPTR overlap, but thoracogenic scoliosis and severe upper thoracic kyphosis are best treated by VEPTR and GR, respectively.


CONCLUSION
Surgeons planning treatment of EOS should anticipate the many complications common to growth-sparing surgery, share their knowledge with families, and use complications as one factor in the complex decision as to when and whether to initiate the repetitive surgeries associated with GR or VEPTR in the treatment of severe EOS.
Automatic Car Parking and Controlling System Using Programmable Logic Controller ( PLC )

Well-organized vehicle parking can assist drivers gratifying by protecting car energy as well as time consuming. In this paper, the automation process of an automatic car parking system is designed using a fully functional ladder logic based LOGO!12/24 RC, which is a small programmable logic controller (PLC). Infrared sensor (IR) electronic sensors were installed at the entrance and departure gates to sense the car those are waiting for either entry or exit. After that it gives the input signals to PLC to count the number of vehicles entering and leaving the park respectively. The developed system automatically can monitor and restrict the vehicles inside the parking space. The number of cars available in the park will be the difference of the number of vehicles entering and the number of vehicles leaving. When a car approaches to the entry gate, PLC will decide whether any space is available or not. If no space is available, the PLC will then send signal to entry gate to keep the gate closed and turn on the indication “Car Park Full”. If there is space in the park, the entry gate will open to allow the car to enter the park. Similarly, at the time of exit, the PLC will send signal to the exit gate to open and allow the car to leave the park after paid the parking payment. All these activities make the car parking system completely automatic. The development of this system is cost effective and useful to make solutions to car parking space problems in city areas. Keywords— Automate car parking, Sensor, PLC, Hardware, Software
[High versus moderate intense running exercise - effects on cardiometabolic risk-factors in untrained males].

Introduction | The philosophy on how to improve cardiometabolic risk factors most efficiently by endurance exercise is still controversial. To determine the effect of high-intensity (interval) training (HI[I]T) vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) training on cardiometabolic risk factors we conducted a 16-week crossover randomized controlled trial. Methods | 81 healthy untrained middle aged men were randomly assigned to a HI(I)T-group and a control-group that started the MICE running program after their control status. HI(I)T consisted of running exercise around or above the individual anaerobic threshold (≈ 80- 100 % HRmax); MICE focused on continuous running exercise at ≈ 65-77.5 % HRmax. Both protocols were comparable with respect to energy consumption. Study endpoints were cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), metabolic syndrome Z-score (MetS-Z-score), intima-media-thickness (IMT) and body composition. Results | VO2max-changes in this overweighed male cohort significantly (p=0.002) differ between HIIT (14.7 ± 9.3 %, p=0.001) and MICE (7.9 ± 7.4 %,p=0.001). LVMI, as determined via magnetic resonance imaging, significantly increased in both exercise groups (HIIT: 8.5 ± 5.4 %, p=0.001 vs. MICE: 5.3 ± 4.0 %, p=0.001), however the change was significantly more pronounced (p=0.005) in the HIIT-group. MetS-Z-score (HIIT: -2.06 ± 1.31, p=0.001 vs. MICE: -1.60 ± 1.77, p=0.001) and IMT (4.6 ± 5.9 % p=0.011 vs. 4.4 ± 8.1 %, p=0.019) did not show significant group-differences. Reductions of fat mass (-4.9 ± 9.0 %, p=0.010 vs. -9.5 ± 9.4, p=0.001) were significantly higher among the MICE-participants (p=0.034), however, the same was true (p=0.008) for lean body mass (0.5 ± 2.3 %, p=0.381 vs. -1.3 ± 2.0 %, p=0.003). Conclusion | In summary high-intensity interval training tends to impact cardiometabolic health more favorable compared with a moderate-intensity continuous endurance exercise protocol.
A Test Generation Strategy for Pairwise Testing

ÐPairwise testing is a specification-based testing criterion, which requires that for each pair of input parameters of a system, every combination of valid values of these two parameters be covered by at least one test case. In this paper, we propose a new test generation strategy for pairwise testing.
The Role of the Exclusion Principle for Atoms to Stars: A Historical Account

In a first historical part I shall give a detailed description of how Pauli discovered --before the advent of the new quantum mechanics -- his exclusion principle. The second part is devoted to the insight and results that have been obtained in more recent times in our understanding of the stability of matter in bulk, both for ordinary matter (like stones) and self-gravitating bodies.