LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Parallel computation of three-dimensional flows using overlapping grids with adaptive mesh refinement

This paper describes an approach for the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations in complex three-dimensional domains. The domains are represented by overlapping structured grids, and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is employed to locally increase the grid resolution. In addition, the numerical method is implemented on parallel distributed-memory computers using a domain-decomposition approach. The implementation is flexible so that each base grid within the overlapping grid structure and its associated refinement grids can be independently partitioned over a chosen set of processors. A modified bin-packing algorithm is used to specify the partition for each grid so that the computational work is evenly distributed amongst the processors. All components of the AMR algorithm such as error estimation, regridding, and interpolation are performed in parallel. The parallel time-stepping algorithm is illustrated for initial-boundary-value problems involving a linear advection– diffusion equation and the (nonlinear) reactive Euler equations. Numerical results are presented for both equations to demonstrate the accuracy and correctness of the parallel approach. Exact solutions of the advection–diffusion equation are constructed, and these are used to check the corresponding numerical solutions for a variety of tests involving different overlapping grids, different numbers of refinement levels and refinement ratios, and different numbers of processors. The problem of planar shock diffraction by a sphere is considered as an illustration of the numerical approach for the Euler equations, and a problem involving the initiation of a detonation from a hot spot in a T-shaped pipe is considered to demonstrate the numerical approach for the reactive case. For both problems, the accuracy of the numerical solutions is assessed quantitatively through an estimation of the errors from a grid convergence study. The parallel performance of the approach is examined for the shock diffraction problem. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The sutureless excimer laser assisted non-occlusive anastomosis (SELANA); a feasibility study in a pressurized cadaver model

To compare intracranial feasibility of the conventional Excimer laser assisted non-occlusive anastomosis (ELANA) with the new experimental sutureless ELANA (SELANA). Four pressurized human cadaver heads were bilaterally trepanated, using a combined pterional/pretemporal/transcavernous approach. In each head, seven ELANA anastomoses and seven contralateral SELANA anastomoses were constructed on (1) the proximal PCA/basilar artery (P1 segment/basilar artery; BA), (2) the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA, P2 segment), (3) the supraclinoidal internal carotid artery (ICA), (4) the ICA bifurcation, (5) the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA, A1 segment), (6) the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA, M1 segment), and (7) the distal MCA (M2 segment). In total, 26 of 28 ELANA anastomoses (93%) and 22 of 28 SELANA anastomoses (79%) could be completed. Two ELANA anastomoses on the BA could not be finished because of limited space. Six SELANA anastomoses could not be attached because the applicator did not facilitate an angulated anastomosis spot. Of the remaining anastomoses, more ELANA (eight) than SELANA (two) anastomoses could not be realized without manipulation of surrounding structures. The SELANA anastomoses were completed significantly faster than the ELANA, mean difference ranging from 11 min on the M2 to 107 min on the P1/BA. This comparative study shows potential advantages of the SELANA anastomosis over the ELANA anastomosis because during application, it causes less manipulation of surrounding structures while it is faster and easier. Further preclinical research should be performed in order to improve SELANA feasibility on angulated anastomosis spots and to assess long-term SELANA patency and endothelialization.
Remodeling of the Z-Ring Nanostructure during the Streptococcus pneumoniae Cell Cycle Revealed by Photoactivated Localization Microscopy

UNLABELLED
Ovococci form a morphological group that includes several human pathogens (enterococci and streptococci). Their shape results from two modes of cell wall insertion, one allowing division and one allowing elongation. Both cell wall synthesis modes rely on a single cytoskeletal protein, FtsZ. Despite the central role of FtsZ in ovococci, a detailed view of the in vivo nanostructure of ovococcal Z-rings has been lacking thus far, limiting our understanding of their assembly and architecture. We have developed the use of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) in the ovococcus human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae by engineering spDendra2, a photoconvertible fluorescent protein optimized for this bacterium. Labeling of endogenously expressed FtsZ with spDendra2 revealed the remodeling of the Z-ring's morphology during the division cycle at the nanoscale level. We show that changes in the ring's axial thickness and in the clustering propensity of FtsZ correlate with the advancement of the cell cycle. In addition, we observe double-ring substructures suggestive of short-lived intermediates that may form upon initiation of septal cell wall synthesis. These data are integrated into a model describing the architecture and the remodeling of the Z-ring during the cell cycle of ovococci.


IMPORTANCE
The Gram-positive human pathogen S. pneumoniae is responsible for 1.6 million deaths per year worldwide and is increasingly resistant to various antibiotics. FtsZ is a cytoskeletal protein polymerizing at midcell into a ring-like structure called the Z-ring. FtsZ is a promising new antimicrobial target, as its inhibition leads to cell death. A precise view of the Z-ring architecture in vivo is essential to understand the mode of action of inhibitory drugs (see T. den Blaauwen, J. M. Andreu, and O. Monasterio, Bioorg Chem 55:27-38, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.03.007, for a review on FtsZ inhibitors). This is notably true in ovococcoid bacteria like S. pneumoniae, in which FtsZ is the only known cytoskeletal protein. We have used superresolution microscopy to obtain molecular details of the pneumococcus Z-ring that have so far been inaccessible with conventional microscopy. This study provides a nanoscale description of the Z-ring architecture and remodeling during the division of ovococci.
Semantic Space: an infrastructure for smart spaces

Semantic Space is a pervasive computing infrastructure that exploits semantic Web technologies to support explicit representation, expressive querying, and flexible reasoning of contexts in smart spaces.
Match running performance in elite Australian Rules Football.

There is little information describing the match running demands of elite-level Australian Rules Football (AF). The aims of this study were to examine: (1) match running demands; and (2) the influence of periods of increased physical activity on subsequent running performance in the Australian Football League. Time-motion analyses were performed 1-9 times per player from 16 professional AF players from the same club during games in 2005-2007, using portable global positioning systems during 65 matches. Game movements (standing, walking, jogging, running, higher-speed running, and sprinting) and distances (total distance covered [TD]; low-intensity activity [LIA, distance <14.4kmh(-1)]; and, high-intensity running distance [HIR, distance>14.4kmh(-1)]) were collected. The influence of the first half physical activities on second half activities, and each quarter on the subsequent quarter were analysed. The mean (+/-SD) TD and HIR distance covered during the games were 12,939+/-1145m and 3880+/-663m respectively. There were reductions in TD in the second (-7.3%), third (-5.5%) and fourth (-10.7%) quarters compared to the first quarter (p<0.01). The HIR was reduced after the first quarter (p<0.001). Players that covered larger TD or HIR during the first half or quarter decreased distance in the next half and quarter, respectively (p<0.001). These results show that a reduction in exercise intensity is inevitable during an AF match and that higher intensity activities reduce towards the end of games. High average speed during each half or quarter also affects subsequent running performance in elite-level AF.
The prediction of malignant cerebral infarction by molecular brain barrier disruption markers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Space-occupying brain edema is a life-threatening complication in patients with large hemispheric stroke. The aim of the study was to determine whether molecular markers of endothelial damage may help to predict secondary brain edema and, secondly, to identify patients who could benefit from aggressive therapies such as decompressive hemicraniectomy or hypothermia.


METHODS
We studied 40 consecutive patients with malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and 35 controls with massive MCA infarctions <70 years of age and matched by stroke severity on admission. Cranial computed tomography (CT) was performed at entry and repeated between days 4 and 7, or earlier if there was neurological worsening. Malignant MCA (m-MCA) infarction was diagnosed when follow-up CT detected a more than two-thirds space-occupying MCA infarction with midline shift, compression of the basal cisterns, and neurological deterioration. Plasma concentrations of glutamate, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cellular-fibronectin (c-Fn) were determined in blood samples obtained at admission.


RESULTS
Mean time from stroke onset to blood sampling was 6.3+/-4.8 in m-MCA and 7.7+/-6.0 hours in the control group (P=0.63). Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. c-Fn and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients with m-MCA than in controls (all P<0.001). c-Fn >16.6 microg/mL had the highest sensitivity (90%), specificity (100%), and negative and positive predictive values (89% and 100%, respectively) for the prediction of m-MCA infarction.


CONCLUSIONS
A plasma c-Fn concentration >16.6 microg/mL at admission is associated with the development of m-MCA infarction with high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that c-Fn might be useful in therapeutic decision making.
Tailoring Light with Photonic Crystal Slabs : From Directional Emission to Topological Half Charges by Hengyun

Photonic crystal slabs are a versatile and important platform for molding the flow of light. In this thesis, we consider ways to control the emission of light from photonic crystal slab structures, specifically focusing on directional, asymmetric emission, and on emitting light with interesting topological features. First, we develop a general coupled-mode theory formalism to derive bounds on the asymmetric decay rates to top and bottom of a photonic crystal slab, for a resonance with arbitrary in-plane wavevector. We then employ this formalism to inversionsymmetric structures, and show through numerical simulations that asymmetries of top-down decay rates exceeding 104 can be achieved by tuning the resonance frequency to coincide with the perfectly transmitting Fabry-Perot frequency. The emission direction can also be rapidly switched from top to bottom by tuning the wavevector or frequency. We then consider the generation of Mobius strips of light polarization, i.e. vector beams with half-integer polarization winding, from photonic crystal slabs. We show that a quadratic degeneracy formed by symmetry considerations can be split into a pair of Dirac points, which can be further split into four exceptional points. Through calculations of an analytical two-band model and numerical simulations of two-dimensional photonic crystals and photonic crystal slabs, we demonstrate the existence of isofrequency contours encircling two exceptional points, and show the half-integer polarization winding along these isofrequency contours. We further propose a realistic photonic crystal slab structure and experimental setup to verify the existence of such Mobius strips of light polarization. Thesis Supervisor: Marin Solja-id Title: Professor of Physics and MacArthur Fellow
An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (part 2): longitudinal latent class growth analysis and growth mixture models.

OBJECTIVE
Pediatric psychologists are often interested in finding patterns in heterogeneous longitudinal data. Latent variable mixture modeling is an emerging statistical approach that models such heterogeneity by classifying individuals into unobserved groupings (latent classes) with similar (more homogenous) patterns. The purpose of the second of a 2-article set is to offer a nontechnical introduction to longitudinal latent variable mixture modeling.


METHODS
3 latent variable approaches to modeling longitudinal data are reviewed and distinguished.


RESULTS
Step-by-step pediatric psychology examples of latent growth curve modeling, latent class growth analysis, and growth mixture modeling are provided using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 data file.


CONCLUSIONS
Latent variable mixture modeling is a technique that is useful to pediatric psychologists who wish to find groupings of individuals who share similar longitudinal data patterns to determine the extent to which these patterns may relate to variables of interest.
Nursing stress and patient care: real-time investigation of the effect of nursing tasks and demands on psychological stress, physiological stress, and job performance: study protocol.

AIM
To examine the effects of nursing tasks (including their physiological and psychological demands, and the moderating effects of reward and control) on distress and job performance in real time.


BACKGROUND
Nurses working in hospital settings report high levels of occupational stress. Stress in nurses has been linked to reduced physical and psychological health, reduced job satisfaction, increased sickness absence, increased staff turnover, and poorer job performance. In this study, we will investigate theoretical models of stress and use multiple methods, including real-time data collection, to assess the relationship between stress and different nursing tasks in general medical and surgical ward nurses.


DESIGN
A real-time, repeated measures design.


METHODS
During 2011/2012, 100 nurses from a large general teaching hospital in Scotland will: (a) complete self-reports of mood; (b) have their heart rate and activity monitored over two shifts to obtain physiological indices of stress and energy expenditure; (c) provide perceptions of the determinants of stress in complex ward environments; and (d) describe their main activities. All measures will be taken repeatedly in real time over two working shifts.


DISCUSSION
Data obtained in this study will be analysed to examine the relationships between nursing tasks, self-reported and physiological measures of stress and to assess the effect of occupational stress on multiple work outcomes. The results will inform theoretical understanding of nurse stress and its determinants and suggest possible targets for intervention to reduce stress and associated harmful consequences.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1997 emergency department summary.

OBJECTIVES
This report describes ambulatory care visits to hospital emergency departments in the United States. Statistics are presented on selected patient and visit characteristics.


METHODS
The data presented in this report were collected from the 1997 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS is part of the ambulatory care component of the National Health Care Survey that measures health care utilization across various types of providers. NHAMCS is a national probability survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments of non-Federal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. Sample data were weighted to produce annual estimates.


RESULTS
During 1997, an estimated 94.9 million visits were made to hospital emergency departments (ED's) in the United States, about 35.6 visits per 100 persons. Persons 75 years and over had the highest rate of ED visits. There were an estimated 35.1 million injury-related ED visits during 1997, or 13.2 visits per 100 persons. Seventy percent of injury-related ED visits were made by persons under 45 years of age. Injury visit rates were higher for males than females in each age group under 45 years. According to ICD-9-CM classification, about four-fifths of injury visits were unintentional. Almost 72 percent of the ED visits involved medication therapy, with pain relief drugs accounting for almost 30 percent of the medications mentioned. Acute upper respiratory infection was the leading illness-related diagnosis at ED visits.
Datapath and ISA Customization for Soft VLIW Processors

In this paper we examine the performance and area trade-offs resulting from customizing the datapath and instruction set architecture of a soft VLIW processor. In addition to describing the datapath and instruction set architecture of our processor, we describe a number of microarchitectural optimizations we used to reduce the area of the datapath. We also describe the tools we developed and used to customize, generate, implement, and program the processor. Our experimental results show that datapath and instruction set customization achieve high levels of performance, and that microarchitectural optimizations like selective data forwarding help keep FPGA resource utilization in check
The Adoption and Diffusion of Organizational Innovation : Evidence for the U . S . Economy

The Adoption and Diffusion of Organizational Innovation: Evidence for the U.S. Economy Using a unique longitudinal representative survey of both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing businesses in the United States during the 1990’s, I examine the incidence and intensity of organizational innovation and the factors associated with investments in organizational innovation. Past profits tend to be positively associated with organizational innovation. Employers with a more external focus and broader networks to learn about best practices (as proxied by exports, benchmarking, and being part of a multi-establishment firm) are more likely to invest in organizational innovation. Investments in human capital, information technology, R&D, and physical capital appear to be complementary with investments in organizational innovation. In addition, non-unionized manufacturing plants are more likely to have invested more broadly and intensely in organizational innovation. JEL Classification: D2, J24, M5, O3
Unsupervised rank aggregation with distance-based models

The need to meaningfully combine sets of rankings often comes up when one deals with ranked data. Although a number of heuristic and supervised learning approaches to rank aggregation exist, they require domain knowledge or supervised ranked data, both of which are expensive to acquire. In order to address these limitations, we propose a mathematical and algorithmic framework for learning to aggregate (partial) rankings without supervision. We instantiate the framework for the cases of combining permutations and combining top-k lists, and propose a novel metric for the latter. Experiments in both scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formalism.
CTHp1-7: Prefix-Length Adaptation for PRQT Protocol in RFID Systems

Prefix-randomized query-tree (PRQT) protocol has been proposed for multiple tag identification in RFID systems. The optimal performance of PRQT can be achieved with a proper choice of the initial prefix length according to the tag set size. In this paper, we propose an initial prefix length adaptation algorithm for PRQT protocol when the tag set size is unknown before identification. The algorithm starts with the setting of a small initial prefix length l followed by the polling of all 2l prefixes. The initial prefix length is then increased repeatedly until the collision ratio satisfies a prescribed condition. We derive the optimal increment step size and the respective sequence of decision thresholds. Simulation results show that PRQT with initial prefix length adaptation can significantly reduce the expected tag read time for all range of tag set size when compared to the use of query-tree protocol.
A Simulation-Based Game for Project Management Experiential Learning

The inadequate use of project management techniques in software projects can be traced to the lack of efficient project management education strategies, where learning by experience and motivation are key issues. An experiential learning process for project management requires an environment where students can act as managers without the costs and risks associated to an unsuccessful software project. Simulation can support this process, but simulation tools lack the look-and-feel of a real project development environment. In this paper we propose a simulation-based game that can be used to provide experiential learning to project managers. A System Dynamics model describing a software project, a simulator, and a game machine that handles user interactions and presents simulation results in a game-like fashion compose the game. System Dynamics limitations to support a game-like user interface are discussed. Also, we present an experimental study that evaluates an experiential learning process based on the proposed game.
The relationship between right ventricular lead position and paced QRS duration.

BACKGROUND
The relationship between the anatomical location of right ventricular pacing site and paced QRS duration is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between right ventricular pacing site and paced QRS duration using cardiac angiography.


METHODS
Fifty patients were implanted with pacemakers. The right ventricular lead position was determined from the findings of cardiac angiography and the paced QRS duration was measured. Cardiac angiography was used to display the right ventriculogram (RVG) and the left ventriculogram (LVG). The RVG view was divided into three areas and the LVG view was divided into four areas.


RESULTS
The paced QRS duration value was significantly longer in the right ventricular apex area compared with the outflow and inflow areas (160 ± 15 ms vs 140 ± 15 ms, P = 0.02, and vs 133 ± 17 ms, P < 0.001, respectively), but those values were not statistically significantly different between the right ventricular outflow and the right ventricular inflow areas (140 ± 15 ms vs 133 ± 17 ms, P = 0.187). When assessed with LVG views, there were the statistically significant differences in the paced QRS duration values in all areas except the apex area. (LV mid-anterior: 147 ± 11 ms vs LV base: 127 ± 13 ms, P < 0.001, and vs LV mid-septum: 129 ± 12 ms, P = 0.001, respectively.)


CONCLUSIONS
Cardiac angiography showed that there was a relationship between the anatomical right ventricular pacing site and paced QRS duration. Cardiac angiography can help determine the areas that produce shorter paced QRS duration.
A novel stator doubly fed doubly salient permanent magnet brushless machine

In this paper, a novel stator doubly fed doubly salient-permanent magnet (SDFDS-PM) brushless machine topology is proposed, which not only reduces both PM material and field winding MMF significantly, but also offers the distinct advantage of wide constant-power operation range (namely, 4 times the base speed) which is essential for electric vehicle application.