LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of carbon nanoparticles and nanofibers by a simple microwave based method and studying the field emission properties

Abstract A novel, simple and fast method for preparation of graphitic nanostructures such as nanofibers and nanospheres which uses a standard microwave oven is described. In this method polystyrene is used as carbon source and a solid metal such as nickel or iron provides both the trigger to initiate the plasma, as well as a source for sputtering catalyst particles which are required for formation of nanofibers. The mechanism of this process is discussed through analysis of different properties of the resulting products, by examining the effect of changing the microwave processing time and the nature of the metallic trigger/catalyst source. The effect of morphology of nanoparticles (nanofibers vs. nanospheres), as well as the effect of trigger/catalyst material and the deposition method on electron field emission properties of these samples, are also investigated.
Genetic influences on alcohol-related hangover.

AIMS
To quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to alcohol hangover.


DESIGN
Biometric models were used to partition the variance in hangover phenotypes.


SETTING
A community-based sample of Australian twins.


PARTICIPANTS
Members of the Australian Twin Registry, Cohort II who reported consuming alcohol in the past year when surveyed in 2004-07 (n = 4496).


MEASUREMENTS
Telephone interviews assessed participants' frequency of drinking to intoxication and frequency of hangover the day after drinking. Analyses examined three phenotypes: hangover frequency, hangover susceptibility (i.e. residual variance in hangover frequency after accounting for intoxication frequency) and hangover resistance (a dichotomous variable defined as having been intoxicated at least once in the past year with no reported hangovers).


FINDINGS
Genetic factors accounted for 45% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37-53%] and 40% (95% CI = 33-48%) of the variation in hangover frequency in men and women, respectively. Most of the genetic variation in hangover frequency overlapped with genetic contributions to intoxication frequency. Genetic influences accounted for 24% (95% CI = 14-35%) and 16% (95% CI = 8-25%) of the residual hangover susceptibility variance in men and women, respectively. Forty-three per cent (95% CI = 22-63%) of the variation in hangover resistance was explained by genetic influences, with no evidence for significant sex differences. There was no evidence for shared environmental influences for any of the hangover phenotypes.


CONCLUSIONS
Individual differences in the propensity to experience a hangover and of being resistant to hangover at a given level of alcohol use are genetically influenced.
Labelling Topics using Unsupervised Graph-based Methods

‘Description’: ‘Microsoft will accelerate your journey to cloud computing with an! agile and responsive datacenter built from your existing technology investments.’,! ‘DisplayUrl’: ‘www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/ datacenter/virtualization.aspx’,! ‘ID’: ‘a42b0908-174e-4f25-b59c-70bdf394a9da’,! ‘Title’: ‘Microsoft | Server & Cloud | Datacenter | Virtualization ...’,! ‘Url’: ‘http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/datacenter/ virtualization.aspx’,! ...! Data! #Topics: 228! #Candidate Labels: ~6,000! Domains: BLOGS, BOOKS, NEWS, PUBMED! Candidate labels rated by humans (0-3) ! Published by Lau et al. (2011). 4. Scoring Candidate Labels! Candidate Label: L = {w1, w2, ..., wm}! Scoring Function: Task: The aim of the task is to associate labels with automatically generated topics.
Genetics and Genomics of Lignification in Grass Cell Walls Based on Maize as Model Species

Grass lignins are made of guaiacyl and syringyl units together with minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units. The specific association of p-coumaric (pCA) and ferulic (FA) acids to grass lignins has suspected important consequences on wall properties which are however, poorly understood. Genetic variation for lignin content, lignin structure, and p-coumaric and ferulic acid contents has been shown in normal maize, after an earlier description in brown-midrib (bm) mutants. QTL analyses for lignin-related traits have established that nearly 40 genomic regions are involved in maize variation of lignin content. For most of these locations, no candidate genes have been validated, or have been still defined. Whereas all steps of lignin biosynthesis have been presumably identified, little is known about the number of gene members encoding each enzymatic step and the role of each member in organ, stage and/or tissue specificity. Moreover, even if the lignin pathway has often been displayed as a metabolic grid, available results, especially in maize bm and genetically engineered plants, suggest that the hydroxylation/methylation steps at the aromatic C-3 position have a key role in controlling the flux to lignins. Recent studies of cell wall-related gene expression in young and silking maize plants also illustrated an unexpected diversity of genes with differential expression profiles, especially in bm mutants. Breeding maize and other grasses for phenolic structures more suitable for animal nutrition or energy production could now be considered a realistic goal by integrating new genomic-based knowledge on maize lignification. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Knowledge-worker productivity: the biggest challenge

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Sign Language Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract-Sign language is a lingua among the speech and the hearing impaired community. It is hard for most people who are not familiar with sign language to communicate without an interpreter. Sign language recognition appertains to track and recognize the meaningful emotion of human made with fingers, hands, head, arms, face etc. The technique that has been proposed in this work, transcribes the gestures from a sign language to a spoken language which is easily understood by the hearing. The gestures that have been translated include alphabets, words from static images. This becomes more important for the people who completely rely on the gestural sign language for communication tries to communicate with a person who does not understand the sign language. We aim at representing features which will be learned by a technique known as convolutional neural networks (CNN), contains four types of layers: convolution layers, pooling/subsampling layers, nonlinear layers, and fully connected layers. The new representation is expected to capture various image features and complex non-linear feature interactions. A softmax layer will be used to recognize signs. Keywords-Convolutional Neural Networks, Softmax (key words) __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
Consumers' perceived attitudes to wearable devices in health monitoring in China: A survey study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Capital market and consumer market interest in wearable devices has surged in recent years, however, their actual acceptance in the field of health monitoring is somewhat not as expected. This study aims to understand the perceptions of wearable devices of general consumers, analyze the review of the devices by users, and find existing problems associated with current wearable devices.


METHODS
Sojump.com, an on-line questionnaire tool, was used to generate the questionnaire, which focused on four aspects. The snowball sampling method was employed to collect questionnaires by making use of the author's social network.


RESULTS
(1) A total of 2058 valid questionnaires were received from the respondents from every province in China; of the respondents, 52.4% have used a wearable device. (2) The respondents had a low level of knowledge about wearable devices (2.79/5) but were optimistic with regard to the devices' future (3.86/5), and 84% recognized an acceptable price of less than 2000 RMB. Nearly half of the respondents were unwilling to continuously wear the device (47.1%) and share their health data (44.7%). (3) The functions of wearable devices that the respondents expected were mainly health management (63.5%), mobile phone accessories (61.9%), and location tracking (61.2%), and the promising hot future functions were mainly data analysis (74.2%), exercise coaching (60.5%), and child tracking (58.8%). Regarding the health monitoring functions, the respondents were most interested in heart health monitoring. (4) The respondents had different levels of emphasis regarding the existing problems of wearable devices at different use stages. Being easily damaged or lost (49.7%), being incapable of providing health recommendations based on data analysis (46.7%), and being uncomfortable to wear (45.8%) likely lead consumers to abandon the use of wearable devices.


CONCLUSIONS
Consumers are optimistic about the prospects of wearable devices; however, there is a large gap between the reliability of the measurement data, the ease of use, and the interpretation of measurement data of current wearable products and consumer expectations. Consumer demand for health management functions is higher than that for daily auxiliary-type functions, which is an issue that should be properly addressed and resolved by manufacturers.
Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies.

OBJECTIVE
Public stigma and discrimination have pernicious effects on the lives of people with serious mental illnesses. Given a plethora of research on changing the stigma of mental illness, this article reports on a meta-analysis that examined the effects of antistigma approaches that included protest or social activism, education of the public, and contact with persons with mental illness.


METHODS
The investigators heeded published guidelines for systematic literature reviews in health care. This comprehensive and systematic review included articles in languages other than English, dissertations, and population studies. The search included all articles from the inception of the databases until October 2010. Search terms fell into three categories: stigma, mental illness (such as schizophrenia and depression), and change program (including contact and education). The search yielded 72 articles and reports meeting the inclusion criteria of relevance to changing public stigma and sufficient data and statistics to complete analyses. Studies represented 38,364 research participants from 14 countries. Effect sizes were computed for all studies and for each treatment condition within studies. Comparisons between effect sizes were conducted with a weighted one-way analysis of variance.


RESULTS
Overall, both education and contact had positive effects on reducing stigma for adults and adolescents with a mental illness. However, contact was better than education at reducing stigma for adults. For adolescents, the opposite pattern was found: education was more effective. Overall, face-to-face contact was more effective than contact by video.


CONCLUSIONS
Future research is needed to identify moderators of the effects of both education and contact.
Anatomic Study of the Retaining Ligaments of the Face and Applications for Facial Rejuvenation

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of
A Data-Driven Approach for Facial Expression Retargeting in Video

This paper presents a data-driven approach for facial expression retargeting in video, i.e., synthesizing a face video of a target subject that mimics the expressions of a source subject in the input video. Our approach takes advantage of a pre-existing facial expression database of the target subject to achieve realistic synthesis. First, for each frame of the input video, a new facial expression similarity metric is proposed for querying the expression database of the target person to select multiple candidate images that are most similar to the input. The similarity metric is developed using a metric learning approach to reliably handle appearance difference between different subjects. Secondly, we employ an optimization approach to choose the best candidate image for each frame, resulting in a retrieved sequence that is temporally coherent. Finally, a spatio-temporal expression mapping method is employed to further improve the synthesized sequence. Experimental results show that our system is capable of generating high quality facial expression videos that match well with the input sequences, even when the source and target subjects have big identity difference. In addition, extensive evaluations demonstrate the high accuracy of the learned expression similarity metric and the effectiveness of our retrieval strategy.
Impact and Challenges of Requirement Engineering in Agile Methodologies: A Systematic Review

Requirement Engineering is one of important stage in development life cycle. All requirements required for development of product is collected in this phase. A high standard product can be developed by agile methodology in less budget and time. Importance of agile practices have been enhanced since it offers assist cooperation too software engineering. Being basic phase of software engineering, requirement engineering has different processes. The elements of direct correspondence is one of spry way which not at all like to other conventional and traditional approaches .Although a lot of research has been done on agile practices and role of requirement in agile methodologies but still there is need of studies on change manage management ,requirement prioritization, prototyping and nonfunctional requirement in agile methodologies. Aim of this review paper is to present the limitations in presentation of requirement engineering phases in agile practices and what are the issues and challenges that agile person faces in implementation of agile practices. Many research studies from different sources have been reviewed on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most RE activities has been discussed in review. Evidence helps to prove that how RE process was performed in scrums. Mostly research has been conducted on general agile methodologies, few authors specified RE practices in other methodologies of agile. Finding of this research is the work of researchers that will be beneficial for those who are interested in finding interesting area of research in this field because many techniques of agile (extreme programming, crystal methodology, lean ) requires further study and practical results as clarified by studies. Keywords—Requirement Engineering; Traditional approaches; Agile methodologies; Challenges in RE; Requirement prioritization; Nonfunctional Requirements; Dynamic system development method; Scrum; Extreme programming
Why are deep nets reversible: A simple theory, with implications for training

Generative models for deep learning are promising both to improve understanding of the model, and yield training methods requiring fewer labeled samples. Recent works use generative model approaches to produce the deep net’s input given the value of a hidden layer several levels above. However, there is no accompanying “proof of correctness” for the generative model, showing that the feedforward deep net is the correct inference method for recovering the hidden layer given the input. Furthermore, these models are complicated. The current paper takes a more theoretical tack. It presents a very simple generative model for ReLU deep nets, with the following characteristics: (i) The generative model is just the reverse of the feedforward net: if the forward transformation at a layer is A then the reverse transformation is A . (This can be seen as an explanation of the old weight tying idea for denoising autoencoders.) (ii) Its correctness can be proven under a clean theoretical assumption: the edge weights in real-life deep nets behave like random numbers. Under this assumption —which is experimentally tested on real-life nets like AlexNet— it is formally proved that feed forward net is a correct inference method for recovering the hidden layer. The generative model suggests a simple modification for training: use the generative model to produce synthetic data with labels and include it in the training set. Experiments are shown to support this theory of random-like deep nets; and that it helps the training. This extended abstract provides a succinct description of our results while the full paper is available on arXiv.
Randomized comparison of volar locking plates and intramedullary nails for unstable distal radius fractures.

PURPOSE
To compare minimally invasive intramedullary nails (IMN) and volar locking plates (VLP) for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures by evaluating postoperative subjective, radiographic, and functional outcomes. The hypothesis was that IMN patients would have less pain and required less pain medication in the early postoperative period and returned to work earlier than VLP patients.


METHODS
Sixty patients with closed, displaced, unstable, extra-articular, metaphyseal fractures of the distal radius were randomized to receive a VLP or an IMN for internal fixation. Functional outcomes (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Michigan Hand Questionnaire), radiographic measurements (ulnar variance, radial height, inclination, and volar tilt), and range of motion were assessed until final follow-up at 2 years after surgery. Narcotic pain medication use was documented for 5 weeks following surgery.


RESULTS
There were 2 groups of 30 patients with IMN (mean age, 55 ± 14 y) or VLP (mean age, 55 ± 16 y) with similar demographics and comorbidities. Patients with IMN regained extension earlier but had similar range of motion to patients with VLP at final follow-up. There was similar improvement in Michigan Hand Questionnaire, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and strength between groups. Five weeks after surgery, fewer IMN patients required narcotic pain medication (13%) than VLP patients (33%). Radiographic outcomes were similar at final follow-up. There were 3 failures with IMN versus 1 failure with VLP. All 10 employed patients with IMN returned to previous work compared with 10 of the 12 employed patients with VLP. Time to return to work was similar for both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In a cohort of similar patients, IMN and VLP provided comparable improvement in functional and radiographic outcomes. Patients with IMN required less narcotic pain medication after surgery than VLP patients.


TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic II.
Preparation of aluminum oxide films by ion beam assisted deposition

Abstract Aluminum oxide films were prepared by vapor deposition of aluminum and simultaneous irradiation with oxygen ion beam in the energy range of 2–24 keV with an Al/O transport ratio in the range of 0.5–14. The films were formed on Si(100) wafers and glass substrates fixed on a water-cooled holder. Film characterizations were carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental composition measurements and chemical bonding states, and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for film crystallization. The XPS spectra of Al 2p 1/2 obtained from samples with nearly stoichiometric composition (Al/O∼0.67) showed a peak at ∼74 eV corresponding to the AlO chemical bonding state of the γ phase. The XRD patterns of the films prepared with oxygen ion energy of 20–23 keV showed the crystallization of γ-Al 2 O 3 on both Si(100) wafer and glass substrates. Mechanical and optical properties of the films were also presented in correlation with the deposition conditions.
Comp 322: Fundamentals of Parallel Programming Module 2: Concurrency

5 Mutual Exclusion 2 5.1 Critical Sections and the “isolated” statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.2 Object-based Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.3 Parallel Spanning Tree Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.4 Atomic Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.5 Serialized Computation Graph for Isolated Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DIGRAPHS WITH TREE-LIKE DESCENDANT SETS

We give certain properties which are satisfied by the descendant set of a vertex in a primitive distance-transitive digraph of finite out-valency and provide a strong structure theory for di- graphs satisfying these properties. In particular, we show that there are only countably many possibilities for the isomorphism type of such a descendant set, thereby confirming a conjecture of the first Author. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C20, 05C38, 20B07, 20B15.
Formulating waste management strategies based on waste management practices of households in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

Rapid urbanisation, population growth and changes in lifestyles in lowand middle-income countries contribute to increasing the per capita domestic waste generation. This trend leads to deplorable environmental and public health conditions, especially in rapidly expanding cities of lowand middle-income countries lacking appropriate waste management systems, Santiago de Cuba is no exception. To improve solid waste management in the city of Santiago de Cuba, the generation of household waste was studied and individual waste treatment approaches were assessed. The principle of a household level analysis was adopted to enable the development of strategies based on the specific conditions of households, their awareness and needs. In February 2004, a survey covering 1180 households was conducted on issues such as monthly consumed goods, waste generated and its treatment. The waste generated by the households was subsequently assessed by means of a measuring campaign. The measured volume not only comprised the collected waste fraction but also the waste materials treated onsite or recovered and recycled by all the different means available. The paper contains the results of the composition and distribution of the waste generated by the households as a function of socio-demographic data. Furthermore, the paper describes the various household treatment strategies dependent on specific waste material types. Several types of household waste can be differentiated by statistical cluster analysis. These household types are characterised not only by the amount of waste generated but also by socio-economic status and waste treatment practices. The results obtained are used to develop a range of waste management strategies, each relating to a household type and characterised by its generated amount, waste material type and spatial urban distribution. Since the strategies are adapted to the requirements and needs of the households, they are more readily accepted by the population concerned. Such socially anchored strategies will contribute to improving the waste situation in the city of Santiago de Cuba and allow an optimised allocation of local resources. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.