LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Indian Coin Recognition System of Image Segmentation by Heuristic Approach and Houch Transform (HT)

The objective of this paper is to classify the Indian coins of different denomination released recently. This paper is framed mainly to classify the coins offered in the Hundi by the devotees of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam(TTD), Tirupati, India. The objective is to count money by recognizing the coins and count the total sum based on its value. The system is proposed to design coin recognition by applying heuristic approach, based on the coin table. This table stores parameters of each coin. This method yields 97% of result in recognizing the coin image. It is also proposed to apply HT algorithm combining the features of a) Straight line detection HT algorithm, b) Curve detection HT algorithm and c) Circle detection HT algorithm. Using these three algorithms edge of the coin is recognized. The features of old coins and new coins of different denominations are considered for classification. Some coins are used in different countries have same parameters, but it has different value. This paper concentrates on affine transformations such as simple gray level scaling, shearing, rotation etc. The coins are well recognized by zooming processes by which a coin size of the image is increased. This paper presents a coin recognition method with rotation invariance. Indian Coins are classified based on different parameters for various values of coin such as shape, size, surface C.M.VELU and P.VIVEKANANDAN 255 design, weight and so on. Hence, it is easy for the automatic machine to classify Indian coins.. There are many coin classification machines are available, but , the machine has to be designed for recognition of Indian coin. To increase the efficiency of the machine, they are to be embedded with proper source code.In this paper, Sobel Filter, HA and HT are used to classify the coin image. It is proposed a method for realizing a simple automatic coin recognition system more effectively. The HT technique is used to recognize almost 100% of the coin image. Comparing to Sobel edge detection method, HA the HT gives better result.
A fuzzy Logic Controller for Isolated Signalized Intersection with Traffic Abnormality Considered

This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller for an isolated signalized intersection. The controller controls the traffic light timings and phase sequence to ensure smooth flow of traffic with minimal delay. Usually fuzzy traffic controllers are optimized to maximize traffic flows/minimize traffic delays under typical traffic conditions. Consequentially, these are not the optimal traffic controllers under exceptional traffic cases such as roadblocks and road accidents. We propose a new fuzzy traffic controller that can optimally control traffic flows under both normal and exceptional traffic conditions. In this system, sensors are placed strategically at incoming and outgoing links (lanes) and the controller utilize the information received from these sensors to make optimal decisions to minimize the traffic delays. A simulator is developed to evaluate the performance of traffic controllers under different conditions. Results show that the performance of the proposed traffic controller is similar to that of conventional fuzzy traffic controllers under normal traffic conditions and is better that of others under abnormal traffic conditions.
Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial.

PURPOSE
Men with localized prostate cancer currently face a number of treatment options that treat the entire prostate. These can cause significant sexual and urinary side effects. Focal therapy offers a novel strategy that targets the cancer rather than the prostate in an attempt to preserve tissue and function.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective, ethics committee approved trial was conducted to determine the side effects of focal therapy using high intensity focused ultrasound. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced, diffusion-weighted) and template transperineal prostate mapping biopsies were used to identify unilateral disease. Genitourinary side effects and quality of life outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires. Posttreatment biopsies were performed at 6 months and followup was completed to 12 months.


RESULTS
A total of 20 men underwent high intensity focused ultrasound hemiablation. Mean age was 60.4 years (SD 5.4, range 50 to 70) with mean prostate specific antigen 7.3 ng/ml (SD 2.8, range 3.4 to 11.8). Of the men 25% had low risk and 75% had intermediate risk cancer. Return of erections sufficient for penetrative sex occurred in 95% of men (19 of 20). In addition, 90% of men (18 of 20) were pad-free, leak-free continent while 95% were pad-free. Mean prostate specific antigen decreased 80% to 1.5 ng/ml (SD 1.3) at 12 months. Of the men 89% (17 of 19, 1 refused biopsy) had no histological evidence of any cancer, and none had histological evidence of high volume or Gleason 7 or greater cancer in the treated lobe. In addition, 89% of men achieved the trifecta status of pad-free, leak-free continence, erections sufficient for intercourse and cancer control at 12 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results appear sufficiently promising to support the further evaluation of focal therapy as a strategy to decrease some of the harms and costs associated with standard whole gland treatments.
Multiscale estimation of vector field anisotropy application to texture characterization

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Multiscale estimation of vector field anisotropy. Application to texture characterization. Christian Germain, Jean-Pierre Da Costa, Olivier Lavialle, Pierre Baylou
Work-Family Enrichment and Conflict: Additive Effects, Buffering, or Balance?

We used data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I) (N = 2,031) to compare three models of how work-family conflict and enrichment might operate to predict well-being (mental health, life satisfaction, affect balance, partner relationship quality). We found no support for a relative-difference model in which the conflict-enrichment balance predicted outcomes. In the work-to-family direction, the additive model fit best: Both workto-family conflict and work-to-family enrichment were independently linked to outcomes. In the family-to-work direction, the interactive model fit best: Family-to-work enrichment buffered the negative outcomes ordinarily linked to familyto-work conflict. Enrichment is key because with
Hive - a petabyte scale data warehouse using Hadoop

The size of data sets being collected and analyzed in the industry for business intelligence is growing rapidly, making traditional warehousing solutions prohibitively expensive. Hadoop [1] is a popular open-source map-reduce implementation which is being used in companies like Yahoo, Facebook etc. to store and process extremely large data sets on commodity hardware. However, the map-reduce programming model is very low level and requires developers to write custom programs which are hard to maintain and reuse. In this paper, we present Hive, an open-source data warehousing solution built on top of Hadoop. Hive supports queries expressed in a SQL-like declarative language - HiveQL, which are compiled into map-reduce jobs that are executed using Hadoop. In addition, HiveQL enables users to plug in custom map-reduce scripts into queries. The language includes a type system with support for tables containing primitive types, collections like arrays and maps, and nested compositions of the same. The underlying IO libraries can be extended to query data in custom formats. Hive also includes a system catalog - Metastore - that contains schemas and statistics, which are useful in data exploration, query optimization and query compilation. In Facebook, the Hive warehouse contains tens of thousands of tables and stores over 700TB of data and is being used extensively for both reporting and ad-hoc analyses by more than 200 users per month.
The Gly2019Ser mutation in LRRK2 is not fully penetrant in familial Parkinson's disease: the GenePD study

BACKGROUND
We report age-dependent penetrance estimates for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-related Parkinson's disease (PD) in a large sample of familial PD. The most frequently seen LRRK2 mutation, Gly2019Ser (G2019S), is associated with approximately 5 to 6% of familial PD cases and 1 to 2% of idiopathic cases, making it the most common known genetic cause of PD. Studies of the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations have produced a wide range of estimates, possibly due to differences in study design and recruitment, including in particular differences between samples of familial PD versus sporadic PD.


METHODS
A sample, including 903 affected and 58 unaffected members from 509 families ascertained for having two or more PD-affected members, 126 randomly ascertained PD patients and 197 controls, was screened for five different LRRK2 mutations. Penetrance was estimated in families of LRRK2 carriers with consideration of the inherent bias towards increased penetrance in a familial sample.


RESULTS
Thirty-one out of 509 families with multiple cases of PD (6.1%) were found to have 58 LRRK2 mutation carriers (6.4%). Twenty-nine of the 31 families had G2019S mutations while two had R1441C mutations. No mutations were identified among controls or unaffected relatives of PD cases. Nine PD-affected relatives of G2019S carriers did not carry the LRRK2 mutation themselves. At the maximum observed age range of 90 to 94 years, the unbiased estimated penetrance was 67% for G2019S families, compared with a baseline PD risk of 17% seen in the non-LRRK2-related PD families.


CONCLUSION
Lifetime penetrance of LRRK2 estimated in the unascertained relatives of multiplex PD families is greater than that reported in studies of sporadically ascertained LRRK2 cases, suggesting that inherited susceptibility factors may modify the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations. In addition, the presence of nine PD phenocopies in the LRRK2 families suggests that these susceptibility factors may also increase the risk of non-LRRK2-related PD. No differences in penetrance were found between men and women, suggesting that the factors that influence penetrance for LRRK2 carriers are independent of the factors which increase PD prevalence in men.
Time trial: a prospective comparative study of the time-resource burden for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancers.

INTRODUCTION
An ongoing institutional randomized clinical trial comparing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) provided us an opportunity to document and compare the time-manpower burden with these high-precision techniques in head and neck cancers.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cohort of 20 consecutive patients in the ongoing trial was studied. The radiotherapy planning and delivery process was divided into well-defined steps and allocated human resource based on prevalent departmental practice. Person-hours for each step were calculated.


RESULTS
Twelve patients underwent IMRT and eight patients had 3D CRT. The prerandomization steps (upto and including approval of contours) were common between the two arms, and expectedly, the time taken to complete each step was similar. The planning step was carried out postrandomization and the median times were similar for 3D CRT (312 min, 5.2 person-hours) and IMRT (325.6 min, 5.4 person-hours). The median treatment delivery time taken per fraction varied between the two arms, with 3D CRT taking 15.2 min (0.6 person-hours), while IMRT taking 27.8 min (0.9 person-hours) (P< 0.001). The total treatment time was also significantly longer in the IMRT arm (median 27.7 versus 17.8 person-hours, P< 0.001). The entire process of IMRT took 48.5 person-hours while 3D CRT took a median of 37.3 person-hours. The monitor units delivered per fraction and the actual "beam-on" time was also statistically longer with IMRT.


CONCLUSIONS
IMRT required more person-hours than 3D CRT, the main difference being in the time taken to deliver the step-and-shoot IMRT and the patient-specific quality assurance associated with IMRT.
Analysis of Current Unbalance In Transmission Systems With Short Lines

The analysis of current unbalance in power systems with short transmission lines is presented. Measurements in the Israel Electric Transmission System as well as numerical simulations of three-phase load flow have revealed lines with a high level of current unbalance. It is found that significant current unbalance on short transmission lines may take place due to the following reasons: inherent asymmetry of untransposed transmission lines;) presence of line traps used for power-line carriers (PLC); electromagnetic coupling between lines on double-circuit towers; superposition of current symmetrical components in lines under light loading. It is shown that the current asymmetry may lead to overcurrents in individual phases of transmission lines as well as to growth of the magnetic field in proximity of the lines
A performance comparison of dickson and fibonacci charge pumps

This paper presents an analysis of two types of integrated charge pumps, Dickson and Fibonacci. The two circuits are compared in slow-switching conditions and at equal area occupation. A formula is developed for optimizing the capacitor sizes and improving the performance of the Fibonacci charge pump. The performance is evaluated with focus on voltage gain and output resistance and including the effects of parasitic capacitances.
Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)

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Infusion of 7.2% NaCl/6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 in on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery patients: a randomized, single-blind pilot study.

BACKGROUND
NaCl 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5 (HSH) has shown its beneficial effects in cardiac surgery and immunomodulatory values in experiment and human studies. However, there is concern regarding detrimental renal effects of chloride and HES in the intensive care setting.


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of HSH on kidney integrity and the level of inflammatory mediators in on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery patients.


DESIGN
This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind pilot study.


SETTING
This work was performed at a tertiary cardiothoracic referral center during the period from February to August 2012.


PATIENTS
Forty patients scheduled for on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were included.


INTERVENTIONS
PATIENTS were randomized to receive once either 7.2% NaCl/6% HES 200/0.5 (HSH group, n = 20) or placebo (0.9% NaCl; control group, n = 20) at a dose of 4 mL·kg for 30 min after anesthesia induction.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary end point was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Secondary end points were peak serum cystatin C, peak urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin).


RESULTS
The incidence of AKI within 48 h was similar between the groups (HSH: four patients [20%]; control: six patients [30%]). There was a significantly lower peak value for serum cystatin C in the HSH group (0.83 [0.73-0.89] mg·L) compared with the control group (1.02 [0.88-1.15] mg·L; P = 0.001). PATIENTS in both groups had similar peak postoperative urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations. NaCl 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 significantly reduces levels of IL-6 and IL-10 at 4 h after cardiopulmonary bypass and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin at 4 h after cardiopulmonary bypass and on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.05 for all).


CONCLUSIONS
NaCl 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 does not lead to the increase in AKI incidence when used for the volume therapy in on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery patients. NaCl 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 usage enhanced neither tubular injury nor alteration of glomerular filtration. In addition, HSH can reduce the level of the inflammatory mediators after surgery.
Effects of recent Leptospira vaccination on whole blood real-time PCR testing in healthy client-owned dogs.

BACKGROUND
Bacterin-based canine Leptospira vaccines could present a challenge for the use of whole blood real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnostic tool. Recent vaccination could induce positive results if the targeted DNA fragment is present within the vaccine and in the blood of the recently vaccinated dog.


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to assess whether 2 available 4-serovar vaccines induce a positive real-time PCR reaction in the blood of healthy recently vaccinated dogs.


ANIMALS
Twenty healthy dogs.


METHODS
This was a prospective study. Dogs were assigned to 1 of 2 vaccine groups. Both vaccines were culture-based and include Leptospira interrogans serovars Pomona, Canicola, and Icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa. Whole blood for real-time PCR and serum for the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were collected prior to and 3 and 7 days after vaccination and weekly thereafter for 8 weeks. Two real-time PCR tests targeting 2 different genes were performed independently in a blinded fashion.


RESULTS
Both Leptospira vaccines produced positive real-time PCR reactions when assayed undiluted or diluted 1 : 100 in canine blood. However, blood samples drawn from all dogs at all time points after vaccination were negative on PCR. All dogs developed MAT titers.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Recent vaccination with 2 commercially available vaccines does not interfere with the use of real-time PCR for the identification of acute Leptospira infection in dogs.
What is the incidence and severity of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery?

BACKGROUND
Existing studies suggest a relatively high incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). The majority of these studies, however, are retrospective in nature and lack a control group.


QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
We therefore (1) prospectively determined the incidence and severity of dysphagia after ACDF using lumbar decompression patients as a control group; and (2) determined which factors, if any, are associated with increased postoperative dysphagia.


METHODS
Patients undergoing either one- or two-level ACDF (n=38) or posterior lumbar decompression (n=56) were prospectively followed. Baseline patient characteristics were recorded. A dysphagia questionnaire was administered preoperatively and during the 2-week, 6-week, and 12-week postoperative visits. We found no differences in patient age, body mass index, or the preoperative incidence and severity of dysphagia between the cervical and lumbar groups. We compared the incidence and severity of dysphagia between the patients who had cervical and lumbar surgery.


RESULTS
Postoperatively, 71% of patients having cervical spine surgery reported dysphagia at 2 weeks followup. This incidence decreased to 8% at 12 weeks followup. The incidence and severity of dysphagia were greater in the cervical group at 2 and 6 weeks followup with a trend toward greater dysphagia at 12 weeks followup. Body mass index, gender, location of surgery, and the number of surgical levels were not related to the risk of developing dysphagia. We observed a correlation between operative time and the severity of postoperative dysphagia.


CONCLUSIONS
Dysphagia is common after ACDF. The incidence and severity of postoperative dysphagia decreases over time, although symptoms may persist at least 12 weeks after surgery.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, prospective, comparative study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Atypical idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions (IIDL): conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) findings in 42 cases.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR imaging characteristics with conventional and advanced MR imaging techniques in patients with IIDL.


METHODS
MR images of the brain in 42 patients (20 male, 22 female) with suspected or known multiple sclerosis (MS) from four institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions were classified into five different subtypes: (1) ring-like lesions; (2) Balo-like lesions; (3) diffuse infiltrating lesions; (4) megacystic lesions; and (5) unclassified lesions. The location, size, margins, and signal intensities on T1WI, T2WI, and diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and the ADC values/ratios for all lesions, as well as the contrast enhancement pattern, and the presence of edema, were recorded.


RESULTS
There were 30 ring-like, 10 Balo-like, 3 megacystic-like and 16 diffuse infiltrating-like lesions were detected. Three lesions were categorized as unclassified lesions. Of the 30 ring-like lesions, 23 were hypointense centrally with a hyperintense rim. The mean ADC, measured centrally, was 1.50 ± 0.41 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. The mean ADC in the non-enhancing layers of the Balo-like lesions was 2.29 ± 0.17 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s, and the mean ADC in enhancing layers was 1.03 ± 0.30 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. Megacystic lesions had a mean ADC of 2.14 ± 0.26 × 10(-3)mm(2)/s. Peripheral strong enhancement with high signal on DWI was present in all diffuse infiltrating lesions. Unclassified lesions showed a mean ADC of 1.43 ± 0.13 mm(2)/s.


CONCLUSION
Restriction of diffusion will be seen in the outer layers of active inflammation/demyelination in Balo-like lesions, in the enhancing part of ring-like lesions, and at the periphery of infiltrative-type lesions.