LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Progressive Neural Architecture Search

This paper addresses the difficult problem of finding an optimal neural architecture design for a given image classification task. We propose a method that aggregates two main results of the previous state-of-the-art in neural architecture search. These are, appealing to the strong sampling efficiency of a search scheme based on sequential modelbased optimization (SMBO) [15], and increasing training efficiency by sharing weights among sampled architectures [18]. Sequential search has previously demonstrated its capabilities to find state-of-the-art neural architectures for image classification. However, its computational cost remains high, even unreachable under modest computational settings. Affording SMBO with weight-sharing alleviates this problem. On the other hand, progressive search with SMBO is inherently greedy, as it leverages a learned surrogate function to predict the validation error of neural architectures. This prediction is directly used to rank the sampled neural architectures. We propose to attenuate the greediness of the original SMBO method by relaxing the role of the surrogate function so it predicts architecture sampling probability instead. We demonstrate with experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset that our method, denominated Efficient progressive neural architecture search (EPNAS), leads to increased search efficiency, while retaining competitiveness of found architectures.
HL7 middleware framework for healthcare information system

In this paper, a new middleware framework developed for the Health Information System (HIS) rightsizing project of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) is proposed. The framework is basically a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Challenges as formatting complex medical information as well as integrating heterogeneous systems in our hospital are addressed by introducing HL7 and Web services standard into our framework. Finally, the performance of a operating HIS based on our framework is analyzed and presented to evaluate the efficiency of our design. Keywords—HL7, Healthcare information system, web services, Service-oriented Architecture
Time on the Internet at home, loneliness, and life satisfaction: Evidence from panel time-diary data

This study uses data collected from adult U.S. residents in 2004 and 2005 to examine whether loneliness and life satisfaction are associated with time spent at home on various Internet activities. Cross-sectional models reveal that time spent browsing the web is positively related to loneliness and negatively related to life satisfaction. Some of the relationships revealed by cross-sectional models persist even when considering the same individuals over time in fixed-effects models that account for time-invariant, individual-level characteristics. Our results vary according to how the time use data were collected, indicating that survey design can have important consequences for research in this area. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of trust, security and privacy concerns in social networking: An exploratory study to understand the pattern of information revelation in Facebook

In the era of Internet technologies, social networking websites has witnessed thriving popularity. Computer mediated communication has changed the rules of social interaction and communication. Most social networking sites like Orkut, Facebook, Google+, Twitter etc. facilitates user's with the features like online interaction, sharing of information and developing new relationships etc. Online interaction and sharing of personal information in social networking sites has raised new privacy concerns. So, it requires an exploratory insight into user's behavioural intention to share information. This research aims to develop a research model, with security and privacy concerns conceptualized as an antecedent of trust in social networking site and moderator of information sharing. The study aims to understand the impact of security, trust and privacy concerns on the willingness of sharing information in social networking sites. Using an online questionnaire, empirical data were collected from 250 Facebook user's of different age group over the time period of 4 months. Reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structure equation modelling is used to validate the proposed research framework. This empirical study, based on an established theoretical foundation, will help the research community to gain a deeper understanding of the impacts of privacy concern in the context of Facebook. Practical implications: - The paper increases the understanding of user's willingness to reveal information on social networking site on their level of privacy, security and trust. The proposed ideas and discussion is equally applicable to social networking site operators with useful strategies for enhancing user's acceptance. Findings:-The privacy concerns of research respondents were found statistically significant and suggest that privacy concerns like security, trust has a positive effect on information sharing.
Effects of mometasone furoate on the quality of life: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in persistent allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma using the Rhinasthma questionnaire.

BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis, especially when persistent (PER) and associated with asthma heavily impairs patients' quality of life (QoL).


OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) on the QoL of patients with PER and asthma, using the Rhinasthma questionnaire (EUDRACT n. 2007-004683-45).


METHODS
Patients with moderate/severe PER and intermittent asthma were randomized to MFNS (alcohol-free) 200 μg/day or placebo for 28 days. Rhinasthma was completed at baseline and at weeks 2 and 4. The total five symptom score (T5SS) for rhinitis, the asthma symptom score and the sum of the two [global symptoms score (GSS)] were recorded daily. The primary outcome was the change in the Rhinasthma global summary (GS) at the end of treatment. Secondary end-points were (a) the change from baseline to end of treatment of each Rhinasthma factor: upper airways (UAs), lower airways (LAs) and respiratory allergy impact; (b) the change from baseline to end of treatment of the T5SS and of the GSS and (c) the use of rescue medication.


RESULTS
Fifty-two adults were randomized. Compared with placebo, MFNS produced a significant change in the Rhinasthma GS (-10.4 vs. 0.4; P<0.01). MFNS also achieved a significant improvement of the UA (-16.6 vs. 0.1; P<0.001), LA (-10.8 vs. 1.1; P<0.001) and GSS (-6.7 vs. -3.1; P=0.019). The change of the T5SS was greater in the MFNS group but did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSION
In patients with PER rhinitis and intermittent asthma, MFNS improves the QoL and the burden of respiratory symptoms. Treating rhinitis may affect the asthma-related QoL.
Secondary prevention programme of ischaemic heart disease in the elderly: A randomised clinical trial.

Background Elderly patients have been underrepresented in secondary cardiovascular prevention programmes. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of a secondary coronary disease prevention programme in these patients. Design Open randomised intervention study with parallel groups. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients aged ≥70 years with a recent acute coronary syndrome were randomised to a protocolised clinical intervention plus usual care (intervention group, n = 64) or to usual care alone (control group, n = 63). Patients were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. The main outcome was the percentage of patients with optimal risk factor control after 12 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life and functionality. Mortality was evaluated three years after the end of the intervention. Results One hundred and six patients (83.4%) completed 12 months of follow-up (54 in the intervention group and 52 in the control group). At the end of intervention, 34.2% more patients in the intervention group had achieved optimal risk factor control with a number needed to treat of 3 (relative risk 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 3.50). The intervention group improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet ( p = 0.013) and functionality assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery ( p = 0.047). No differences between groups were found in quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health Survey) or mortality after three years (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 3.45). Conclusions A secondary coronary disease prevention programme in elderly patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome improved risk factor control, Mediterranean diet adherence and functionality.
Fashion apparel detection: The role of deep convolutional neural network and pose-dependent priors

In this work, we propose and address a new computer vision task, which we call fashion item detection, where the aim is to detect various fashion items a person in the image is wearing or carrying. The types of fashion items we consider in this work include hat, glasses, bag, pants, shoes and so on. The detection of fashion items can be an important first step of various e-commerce applications for fashion industry. Our method is based on state-of-the-art object detection method pipeline which combines object proposal methods with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Since the locations of fashion items are in strong correlation with the locations of body joints positions, we incorporate contextual information from body poses in order to improve the detection performance. Through the experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dietary Fat Intake Is Differentially Associated with Risk of Paroxysmal Compared with Sustained Atrial Fibrillation in Women.

BACKGROUND
Dietary fats have effects on biological pathways that may influence the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, associations between n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and AF are inconsistent, and data on other dietary fats and AF risk are sparse.


OBJECTIVES
We examined the association between dietary fatty acid (FA) subclasses and risk of incident AF and explored whether these associations differed for sustained and paroxysmal AF.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study in 33,665 women ≥45 y old without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and AF at baseline in 1993. Fat intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and in 2004. Incident AF was confirmed by medical records through October 2013. AF patterns were classified according to the most sustained form of AF within 2 y of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models with the use of a competing risk model approach estimated the RR.


RESULTS
Over 19.2 y, 1441 cases of incident AF (929 paroxysmal and 467 persistent/chronic) were confirmed. Intakes of total fat and FA subclasses were not associated with risk of AF. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were differentially associated with AF patterns. The RR for a 5% increment of energy from SFAs was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.09) for persistent/chronic and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.08) for paroxysmal AF (P-difference = 0.01). For MUFAs, the RR for a 5% increment was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.98) for persistent/chronic and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.34) for paroxysmal AF, although the difference between patterns was not significant (P-difference = 0.07).


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary fat was not associated with risk of incident AF in women without established CVD or AF. High SFA and low MUFA intakes were associated with greater risk of persistent or chronic, but not paroxysmal, AF. Improving dietary fat quality may play a role in the prevention of sustained forms of AF. The Women's Health Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000479.
Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in Lake Baikal and its watershed

 Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Baikal ranged from 90 to 110 μM C, considerably higher than those in oceanic environments. The DOC concentrations in the epilimnion were higher than those in the hypolimnion. Since particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations in the pelagic waters of Lake Baikal were <10–40 μM C in the epilimnion and 2–5 μM C in the hypolimnion, DOC constitutes a major component of the organic carbon pool in Lake Baikal, especially in the deep layers. The DOC concentrations downstream of the Barguzin and Selenga Rivers were quite high (400–500 μM C). Probably because of the high concentrations of DOC in these rivers, the DOC levels in Barguzin Bay and offshore at the mouth of the Selenga River were higher than those in the pelagic regions of the central and south basins of Lake Baikal. The relationship between DOC and electric conductivity revealed the transport of DOC from rivers to the pelagic area in Lake Baikal. The spatial distribution of DOC suggested that a major part of DOC in the lake was allochthonous (land-derived).
Parallel progressive photon mapping on GPUs

Accurate global illumination rendering using GPUs is gaining attention because of the highly parallel nature of global illumination algorithms. For example, computing the radiance of each pixel using path tracing is embarrassingly parallel. Some major commercial rendering software also started adopting global illumination on GPUs.
A Double Uneven Power Converter-Based DC–DC Converter for High-Power DC Grid Systems

This paper presents a novel double uneven power converter-based dc-dc converter and its design and control methods. The main objectives are to reduce the power losses in the power semiconductor devices and to reduce the output filter inductance in a high-power (megawatt-level) dc-dc converter. The proposed converter utilizes two full-bridge converters in a special way to realize zero-current switching and to reduce the output filter inductance. The advantages of the proposed converter become more significant for high-power applications. A comparative simulation for a dc-grid wind farm application has been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter in high-power applications. It has been shown that the proposed converter not only requires less filter inductance but also has less power losses in the semiconductor devices. A small-scale prototype has been built to verify the operational principle of the proposed converter.
The evolutionary reorganization of ontogeny and origin of multicellularity

The formation of morphogenetic mechanisms during emergence of multicellularity is discussed in this article.
Validation of the treadmill Six-Minute Walk Test in people following cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND
The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) often is used to measure exercise capacity in people with cardiopulmonary diseases but has some disadvantages. The 6MWT administered on a treadmill (Tr6MWT) requires less physical space and allows for easier monitoring of vital parameters than the traditional 6MWT.


OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the validity of the Tr6MWT in people who underwent cardiac surgery; (2) to compare the reliability, responsiveness, and people's tolerance of the Tr6MWT with those of the 6MWT; and (3) to evaluate the agreement between the 2 tests.


DESIGN
This study was designed to assess reliability and validity.


METHODS
Twenty-six participants who were inpatients were assessed before a 2-week rehabilitation program. Twenty of them also were assessed after rehabilitation. All participants performed 3 Tr6MWT trials and 3 6MWT trials that were randomly assigned on 2 consecutive days.


RESULTS
The Pearson r correlation coefficient between the Tr6MWT and the 6MWT was .72, indicating satisfactory concurrent validity. The Tr6MWT was as well tolerated as the 6MWT. The Tr6MWT produced reproducible results after 2 practice tests, whereas the 6MWT did so after only 1 practice test. Both tests showed high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of >.94; standard errors of measurement of 23 m for the Tr6MWT and 18.5 m for the 6MWT). The Tr6MWT showed better responsiveness than the 6MWT (effect sizes of 0.9 for the Tr6MWT and 0.6 for the 6MWT). The distance covered during the Tr6MWT was significantly shorter (X=62 m, SD=91) before rehabilitation but not after rehabilitation.


LIMITATIONS
A crossover randomized procedure could have improved the reliability of the Tr6MWT in people who performed the 6MWT first.


CONCLUSIONS
The Tr6MWT appears to be an instrument with adequate concurrent validity and to be tolerable, reliable, and responsive for the evaluation of exercise capacity in people after cardiac surgery even though it is not interchangeable with the 6MWT.
Clinical decision making in exercise prescription for fall prevention.

BACKGROUND
Physical therapists often prescribe exercises for fall prevention. Understanding the factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes used by expert physical therapists working in specialist fall and balance clinics may assist other therapists in prescribing exercises for fall prevention with greater efficacy.


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to describe the factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes used by expert physical therapists to prescribe exercises for fall prevention.


DESIGN
This investigation was a qualitative study from a phenomenological perspective.


METHODS
Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 24 expert physical therapists recruited primarily from the Victorian Falls Clinic Coalition. Interviews focused on 3 exercise prescription contexts: face-to-face individual therapy, group exercise programs, and home exercise programs. Interviews elicited information about therapist practices and the therapist, patient, and environmental factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes for the selection of exercise setting, type, dosage (intensity, quantity, rest periods, duration, and frequency), and progression. Strategies for promoting adherence and safety were also discussed. Data were analyzed with a framework approach by 3 investigators.


RESULTS
Participants described highly individualized exercise prescription approaches tailored to address key findings from physical assessments. Dissonance between prescribing a program that was theoretically correct on the basis of physiological considerations and prescribing one that a client would adhere to was evident. Safety considerations also were highly influential on the exercise type and setting prescribed. Terminology for describing the intensity of balance exercises was vague relative to terminology for describing the intensity of strength exercises.


CONCLUSIONS
Physical therapists with expertise in fall prevention adopted an individualized approach to exercise prescription that was based on physical assessment findings rather than "off-the-shelf" exercise programs commonly used in fall prevention research. Training programs for people who prescribe exercises for older adults at risk of falling should encompass these findings.
Multimodal representation learning with neural networks

Representation learning methods have received a lot of attention by researchers and practitioners because of their successful application to complex problems in areas such as computer vision, speech recognition and text processing [1]. Many of these promising results are due to the development of methods to automatically learn the representation of complex objects directly from large amounts of sample data [2]. These efforts have concentrated on data involving one type of information (images, text, speech, etc.), despite data being naturally multimodal. Multimodality refers to the fact that the same real-world concept can be described by different views or data types. Addressing multimodal automatic analysis faces three main challenges: feature learning and extraction, modeling of relationships between data modalities and scalability to large multimodal collections [3, 4]. This research considers the problem of leveraging multiple sources of information or data modalities in neural networks. It defines a novel model called gated multimodal unit (GMU), designed as an internal unit in a neural network architecture whose purpose is to find an intermediate representation based on a combination of data from different modalities. The GMU learns to decide how modalities influence the activation of the unit using multiplicative gates. The GMU can be used as a building block for different kinds of neural networks and can be seen as a form of intermediate fusion. The model was evaluated on four supervised learning tasks in conjunction with fully-connected and convolutional neural networks. We compare the GMU with other early and late fusion methods, outperforming classification scores in the evaluated datasets. Strategies to understand how the model gives importance to each input were also explored. By measuring correlation between gate activations and predictions, we were able to associate modalities with classes. It was found that some classes were more correlated with some particular modality. Interesting findings in genre prediction show, for instance, that the model associates the visual information with animation movies while textual information is more associated with drama or romance movies. During the development of this project, three new benchmark datasets were built and publicly released. The BCDR-F03 dataset which contains 736 mammography images and serves as benchmark for mass lesion classification. The MM-IMDb dataset containing around 27000 movie plots, poster along with 50 metadata annotations and that motivates new research in multimodal analysis. And the Goodreads dataset, a collection of 1000 books that encourages the research on success prediction based on the book content. This research also facilitates reproducibility of the present work by releasing source code implementation of the proposed methods.
Mergers and acquisitions: Their effect on the innovative performance of companies in high-tech industries

This study examines the post-M&A innovative performance of acquiring firms in four major high-tech sectors. Non-technological M&As appear to have a negative impact on the acquiring firm’s post-M&A innovative performance. With respect to technological M&As, a large relative size of the acquired knowledge base reduces the innovative performance of the acquiring firm. The absolute size of the acquired knowledge base only has a positive effect during the first couple of years after which the effect turns around and we see a negative effect on the innovative performance of the acquiring firm. The relatedness between the acquired and acquiring firms’ knowledge bases has a curvilinear impact on the acquiring firm’s innovative performance. This indicates that companies should target M&A ‘partners’ that are neither too unrelated nor too similar in terms of their knowledge base. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.