LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Distal triceps transosseous cruciate versus suture anchor repair using equal constructs: a biomechanical comparison.

BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS
Suture anchor-based repair has been advocated for repair of distal triceps avulsion, but previous models have used an unequal number of sutures across the repair site. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in triceps tendon displacement between gold standard repair with transosseous cruciate bone tunnels and suture anchor repair with an equal number of sutures in the constructs.


METHODS
The triceps tendon footprint was measured in 20 cadaveric elbows (10 matched pairs), and a distal triceps tendon rupture was created. The specimens in each pair were randomly assigned to transosseous cruciate repair or knotless, double-row, anatomic footprint, suture anchor repair. Specimens underwent cyclic loading to 1500 cycles and then load to failure. Footprint uncoverage was measured at 1500 cycles. Data for medial and lateral triceps tendon displacement, footprint uncoverage, and failure load were obtained.


RESULTS
Triceps displacement did not differ significantly between the transosseous cruciate and the suture anchor repair group at 1500 cycles on the medial (3.6 ±  0.9 mm vs. 4.3 ± 1.6 mm [mean ± standard deviation], respectively; P = .27) and lateral side (3.1 ± 1.2 mm vs. 2.0 ± 1.2 mm, respectively; P = .06). No other differences were found between the constructs.


DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
Transosseous cruciate distal triceps repair and knotless double-row suture anchor repair using constructs with an equal number of sutures showed no significant difference in tendon displacement at 1500 loading cycles. These findings suggest that the biomechanical strength of an all-suture construct is not different from that of suture anchors for repair of distal triceps avulsions.
Efficient discovery of risk patterns in medical data

OBJECTIVE
This paper studies a problem of efficiently discovering risk patterns in medical data. Risk patterns are defined by a statistical metric, relative risk, which has been widely used in epidemiological research.


METHODS
To avoid fruitless search in the complete exploration of risk patterns, we define optimal risk pattern set to exclude superfluous patterns, i.e. complicated patterns with lower relative risk than their corresponding simpler form patterns. We prove that mining optimal risk pattern sets conforms an anti-monotone property that supports an efficient mining algorithm. We propose an efficient algorithm for mining optimal risk pattern sets based on this property. We also propose a hierarchical structure to present discovered patterns for the easy perusal by domain experts.


RESULTS
The proposed approach is compared with two well-known rule discovery methods, decision tree and association rule mining approaches on benchmark data sets and applied to a real world application. The proposed method discovers more and better quality risk patterns than a decision tree approach. The decision tree method is not designed for such applications and is inadequate for pattern exploring. The proposed method does not discover a large number of uninteresting superfluous patterns as an association mining approach does. The proposed method is more efficient than an association rule mining method. A real world case study shows that the method reveals some interesting risk patterns to medical practitioners.


CONCLUSION
The proposed method is an efficient approach to explore risk patterns. It quickly identifies cohorts of patients that are vulnerable to a risk outcome from a large data set. The proposed method is useful for exploratory study on large medical data to generate and refine hypotheses. The method is also useful for designing medical surveillance systems.
Adaptive thresholding algorithm: Efficient computation technique based on intelligent block detection for degraded document images

Document image binarization involves converting gray level images into binary images, which is a feature that has significantly impacted many portable devices in recent years, including PDAs and mobile camera phones. Given the limited memory space and the computational power of portable devices, reducing the computational complexity of an embedded system is of priority concern. This work presents an efficient document image binarization algorithm with low computational complexity and high performance. Integrating the advantages of global and local methods allows the proposed algorithm to divide the document image into several regions. A threshold surface is then constructed based on the diversity and the intensity of each region to derive the binary image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in providing a promising binarization outcome and low computational cost. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Specification-Based Denial-of-Service Detection for SIP Voice-over-IP Networks

Security threats for voice-over IP (VoIP) networks are becoming a major concern as its popularity increases. New attacks are developed that target directly the underlying SIP protocol. To detect such kinds of attacks we present a specification-based detection framework to recognise deviation from its expected behaviour. We present an implementation and show with measurements that this method is capable of attack detection and mitigation for different kinds of attacks directed towards a SIP infrastructure, including denial-of-service message flooding.
Scoliometer measurements of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

BACKGROUND
Patients with idiopathic scoliosis are exposed to approximately 25 radiographic examinations of their spine throughout the clinical follow-up using the Cobb angle. Several non-invasive and radiation-free methods have been proposed to measure scoliotic deformities, including the scoliometer.


OBJECTIVES
To measure the intra- and interrater reliability of the scoliometer measurements, to assess the correlation of the values obtained by the scoliometer measurements with the Cobb angles obtained by radiography, and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the scoliometer measurements for the different diagnostic criteria for the referral of idiopathic scoliosis.


METHOD
Sixty-four patients were selected for the study: half with idiopathic scoliosis and half without. The 17 levels of the spine of each volunteer were measured with a scoliometer in the forward bending position. The measurements were performed three times on 42 volunteers by two different raters to obtain data for calculating the reliability values. Anteroposterior radiographs were taken to determine the Cobb angles, which were then compared with the highest trunk rotation value. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using radiograph criteria for referral: a Cobb angle of 10º and axial trunk rotation values between 5º and 10º.


RESULTS
Excellent intrarater reliability values and very good interrater reliability values were obtained. The correlation between the scoliometer measurements and radiograph analyses was considered good (r=0.7, p<0.05). The highest sensitivity value was for a trunk rotation of 5º at 87%.


CONCLUSIONS
The scoliometer measurements showed a good correlation with the radiographic measurements.
Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality

Satellite remote sensing of air quality has evolved dramatically over the last decade. Global observations are now available for a wide range of species including aerosols, tropospheric O3, tropospheric NO2, CO, HCHO, and SO2. Capabilities for satellite remote sensing of these species in the boundary layer are reviewed for current instruments, along with physical processes affecting their accuracy and precision. Applications of satellite observations are discussed for case studies of specific events, for estimates of surface concentrations, and to improve emission inventories of trace gases and aerosols. Aerosol remote sensing at visible wavelengths exhibits high sensitivity to boundary layer concentrations. Although atmospheric scattering and surface emission of thermal radiation generally reduce instrument sensitivity to trace gases near the surface, a strong boundary layer signal in NO2 arises from its large boundary layer concentrations relative to the free troposphere. Recommendations are presented including (1) additional dedicated validation activities, especially for tropospheric NO2 and HCHO; (2) improved characterization of geophysical fields that affect remote sensing of trace gases and aerosols; (3) continued development of comprehensive assimilation and inversion capabilities to relate satellite observations to emissions and surface concentrations; (4) development of satellite instruments and algorithms to achieve higher spatial resolution to resolve urban scales, facilitate validation, and reduce cloud contamination that increases remote sensing error; and (5) support for the next generate of satellite instrumentation designed for air quality applications. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of gonorrhoea in England and Wales: findings from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme 2001-2006.

OBJECTIVE
To analyse the enhanced data for gonorrhoea cases in England and Wales collected by the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) to better inform health policy and targeted interventions.


METHODS
GRASP data obtained annually from sentinel genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics between June to August during 2001-6 were analysed.


RESULTS
A total of 12 282 cases of gonorrhoea were reported during the study period, with a decline over time primarily in heterosexual patients of black ethnicity. 73% of women, 47% of heterosexual men and 22% of men who have sex with men (MSM) were aged under 25. Most infected women reported a single sexual partner in the previous 3 months, whereas most heterosexual men and MSM reported two or more partners. A history of gonorrhoea was reported by 42% of MSM, 30% of heterosexual men and 20% of women. Excluding HIV, women were more likely than men to have a concurrent STI at diagnosis, most commonly chlamydia (50% vs 27% p<0.0005). Rectal gonococcal infections were reported in 35% and HIV co-infection in 31% of MSM. Compared to HIV negative MSM, those co-infected with HIV were older (median 35 years vs 28 years) and were more likely to attend a London site (70% vs 52%, p<0.0005); have a concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) (28% vs 20%, p = 0.002); have a history of gonorrhoea (66% vs 36%, p<0.0005) and have more sexual partners (average 6.8 vs 4.3).


CONCLUSION
Gonorrhoea is concentrated within specific groups who are at high risk of repeat infections and concurrent STIs including HIV. Targeted interventions of proved effectiveness are urgently required.
Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug–drug interaction: results of a phase I study

Background:The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway plays a pivotal role in solid malignancies and is probably involved in chemotherapy resistance. Pazopanib, inhibitor of, among other receptors, VEGFR1–3, has activity as single agent and is attractive to enhance anti-tumour activity of chemotherapy. We conducted a dose-finding and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics study of pazopanib combined with two different schedules of ifosfamide.Methods:In a 3+3+3 design, patients with advanced solid tumours received escalating doses of oral pazopanib combined with ifosfamide either given 3 days continuously or given 3-h bolus infusion daily for 3 days (9 g m−2 per cycle, every 3 weeks). Pharmacokinetic data of ifosfamide and pazopanib were obtained. Plasma levels of placental-derived growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), soluble VEGFR2 (sVEGFR2) and circulating endothelial cells were monitored as biomarkers.Results:Sixty-one patients were included. Pazopanib with continuous ifosfamide infusion appeared to be safe up to 1000 mg per day, while combination with bolus infusion ifosfamide turned out to be too toxic based on a variety of adverse events. Ifosfamide-dependent decline in pazopanib exposure was observed. Increases in PlGF and VEGF-A with concurrent decline in sVEGFR2 levels, consistent with pazopanib-mediated VEGFR2 inhibition, were observed after addition of ifosfamide.Conclusion:Continuous as opposed to bolus infusion ifosfamide can safely be combined with pazopanib. Ifosfamide co-administration results in lower exposure to pazopanib, not hindering biological effects of pazopanib. Recommended dose of pazopanib for further studies combined with 3 days continuous ifosfamide (9 g m−2 per cycle, every 3 weeks) is 800 mg daily.
Randomized study comparing vitamin D3 and 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in combination with pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
An intention-to-treat prospective randomized study was carried out to compare the potentiation of antiviral efficacies between cholecalciferol, non-activated vitamin D3 supplement, and alfacalcidol, activated 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α (OH)-vitamin D3].


METHODS
Chronic hepatitis patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection showing serum HCV-RNA levels greater than 5 Log IU/mL received oral administration of cholecalciferol (2000 IU/day) or alfacalcidol (0.5 μg/day) for 4 weeks, and then they were given pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-α2a plus ribavirin therapy in combination with either vitamin D3 for 48 or 72 weeks according to the response-guided manner.


RESULTS
A total of 36 patients were evaluated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)-D3] levels were increased only in patients in the cholecalciferol group during the lead-in vitamin D administration, and the levels at 4 weeks were higher in these patients than in those in the alfacalcidol group (P < 0.001), while serum 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2 -D3] levels were not different between both groups. Rapid virological response was obtained in six (33%) patients in the cholecalciferol group; the ratio was higher than that in the alfacalcidol group (one patient; 6%, P < 0.05). Serum HCV-RNA level decline at 4 weeks of combined Peg-IFN-α2a plus ribavirin therapy compared with the baseline levels were greater in the cholecalciferol group (4.6 Log IU/mL) than in the alfacalcidol group (3.5 Log IU/mL) (P < 0.05), when four patients showing null response to the therapy was excluded. However, both complete early virological response and sustained viral response rates were not different between both groups.


CONCLUSION
Cholecalciferol produced superior potentiation of the antiviral activity than alfacalcidol only during the initial periods of combined Peg-IFN-α2a plus ribavirin therapy through upregulation of serum 25(OH)-D3 levels.
A novel power plane with integrated simultaneous switching noise mitigation capability using high impedance surface

A novel technique for suppressing power plane resonance at microwave and radio frequencies is presented. The new concept consists of replacing one of the plates of a parallel power plane pair with a high impedance surface or electromagnetic band gap structure. The combination of this technique with a wall of RC pairs extends the lower edge of the effective bandwidth to dc, and allows resonant mode suppression up to the upper edge of the band-gap. The frequency range for noise mitigation is controlled by the geometry of the HIGP structure.
The influence of the informal social learning environment on information privacy policy compliance efficacy and intention

Received: 29 September 2009 Revised: 19 April 2010 2nd Revision: 5 July 2010 3rd Revision: 30 November 2010 Accepted: 8 December 2010 Abstract Throughout the world, sensitive personal information is now protected by regulatory requirements that have translated into significant new compliance oversight responsibilities for IT managers who have a legal mandate to ensure that individual employees are adequately prepared and motivated to observe policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance. This research project investigates the antecedents of information privacy policy compliance efficacy by individuals. Using Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance within the healthcare industry as a practical proxy for general organizational privacy policy compliance, the results of this survey of 234 healthcare professionals indicate that certain social conditions within the organizational setting (referred to as external cues and comprising situational support, verbal persuasion, and vicarious experience) contribute to an informal learning process. This process is distinct from the formal compliance training procedures and is shown to influence employee perceptions of efficacy to engage in compliance activities, which contributes to behavioural intention to comply with information privacy policies. Implications for managers and researchers are discussed. European Journal of Information Systems (2011) 20, 267–284. doi:10.1057/ejis.2010.72; published online 25 January 2011
Material Classification Based on Training Data Synthesized Using a BTF Database

To cope with the richness in appearance variation found in real-world data under natural illumination, we propose to synthesize training data capturing these variations for material classification. Using synthetic training data created from separately acquired material and illumination characteristics allows to overcome the problems of existing material databases which only include a tiny fraction of the possible real-world conditions under controlled laboratory environments. However, it is essential to utilize a representation for material appearance which preserves fine details in the reflectance behavior of the digitized materials. As BRDFs are not sufficient for many materials due to the lack of modeling mesoscopic effects, we present a high-quality BTF database with 22,801 densely measured view-light configurations including surface geometry measurements for each of the 84 measured material samples. This representation is used to generate a database of synthesized images depicting the materials under different view-light conditions with their characteristic surface geometry using image-based lighting to simulate the complexity of real-world scenarios. We demonstrate that our synthesized data allows classifying materials under complex real-world scenarios.
Contrast Enhancement Using Dominant Brightness Level Analysis and Adaptive Intensity Transformation for Remote Sensing Images

This letter presents a novel contrast enhancement approach based on dominant brightness level analysis and adaptive intensity transformation for remote sensing images. The proposed algorithm computes brightness-adaptive intensity transfer functions using the low-frequency luminance component in the wavelet domain and transforms intensity values according to the transfer function. More specifically, we first perform discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the input images and then decompose the LL subband into low-, middle-, and high-intensity layers using the log-average luminance. Intensity transfer functions are adaptively estimated by using the knee transfer function and the gamma adjustment function based on the dominant brightness level of each layer. After the intensity transformation, the resulting enhanced image is obtained by using the inverse DWT. Although various histogram equalization approaches have been proposed in the literature, they tend to degrade the overall image quality by exhibiting saturation artifacts in both low- and high-intensity regions. The proposed algorithm overcomes this problem using the adaptive intensity transfer function. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the overall contrast and visibility of local details better than existing techniques. The proposed method can effectively enhance any low-contrast images acquired by a satellite camera and is also suitable for other various imaging devices such as consumer digital cameras, photorealistic 3-D reconstruction systems, and computational cameras.
Prediction of Heart Disease using Data Mining Techniques

Data mining is process to analyses number of data sets and then extracts the meaning of data. It helps to predict the patterns and future trends, allowing business in decision making. Data mining applications are able to give the answer of business questions which can take much time to resolve traditionally. High amount of data that can be generated for the prediction of disease is analyzed traditionally and is too complicated along with voluminous to be processed. Data mining provides methods and techniques for transformation of the data into useful information for decision making. These techniques can make process fast and take less time to predict the heart disease with more accuracy. The healthcare sector assembles enormous quantity of healthcare data which cannot be mined to uncover hidden information for effectual decision making. However, there is a plenty of hidden information in this data which is untapped and not being used appropriately for predictions. It becomes more influential in case of heart disease that is considered as the predominant reason behind death all over the world. In medical field, Data Mining provides several methods which are widely used in the medical and clinical decision support systems which should be helpful for diagnosis and predicting of various diseases. These data mining techniques can be used in heart diseases takes less time and make the process much faster for the prediction system to predict diseases with good accuracy to improve their health. In this paper we survey different papers in which one or more algorithms of data mining used for the prediction of heart disease. By Applying data mining techniques to heart disease data which requires to be processed, we can get effective results and achieve reliable performance which will help in decision making in healthcare industry. It will help the medical practitioners to diagnose the disease in less time and predict probable complications well in advance. Identify the major risk factors of Heart Disease categorizing the risk factors in an order which causes damages to the heart such as diabetes, high blood cholesterol, obesity, hyper tension, smoking, poor diet, stress, etc. Data mining techniques and functions are used to identify the level of risk factors which helps the patients to take precautions in advance to save their life. Keywords—Data mining, disease prediction, KNN,decision tree, SVM
The character analysis and appraisal of Xinjiang historical and cultural city

This paper is intend to take Xinjiang historical and cultural city for example,researches the natural environment character,the manual environment character,the humanistic environment character,the urban space character of historical and cultural city,correctly handle the relationship between protection and utilization,in order to guide the famous city's urban construction,has important practical significance and extend value.
Web services as information systems innovation: a theoretical framework for Web service technology adoption

This article presents a theoretical framework distinguishing four systematically different levels of Web service technology adoption. Based on Swanson's IS innovation theory the conjecture is made that each level of Web service technology adoption has important differences in adoption requirements and the potential outcomes. The framework is intended to be a conceptual basis for methods to evaluate Web service technology adoption and may consequently help devise strategies to effectively adopt Web service technology.