LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
BIM for facilities management: evaluating BIM standards in asset register creation and service life

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs in buildings represent a significant part of the total building life cycle cost. However, project delivery methods in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are often focused on the capital delivery stage and associated costs ranging from planning, through design, to construction and handover. Open data standards such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and specifications such as the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) provide the capability to capture Facilities Management (FM) data requirements in a structured manner from the early stages of project development. We aim to investigate how and whether IFC and COBie can deliver the data and information about assets required by facility managers within a whole life cycle perspective. We focus on specific use cases including the creation of asset registers and service life planning. However, the methodology adopted can be generalised and applied to any other FM use case. The results show that IFC, COBie and the tested supporting tools exhibited some shortcomings in delivering some of the data entities, types and parameters required for the selected FM use cases. We discuss these shortcomings and propose them as areas for improvement to domain researchers, standardisation bodies and technology providers. Finally, we instigate domain researchers to adopt the proposed methodology and conduct further FM use cases.
Direct slicing of STEP based NURBS models for layered manufacturing

Direct slicing of CAD models to generate process planning instructions for solid freeform fabrication may overcome inherent disadvantages of using stereolithography format in terms of the process accuracy, ease of file management, and incorporation of multiple materials. This paper will present the results of our development of a direct slicing algorithm for layered freeform fabrication. The direct slicing algorithm was based on a neutral, international standard (ISO 10303) STEP-formatted non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) geometric representation and is intended to be independent of any commercial CAD software. The following aspects of the development effort will be presented: (1) determination of optimal build direction based upon STEP-based NURBS models; (2) adaptive subdivision of NURBS data for geometric refinement; and (3) ray-casting slice generation into sets of raster patterns. The development also provides for multi-material slicing and will provide an effective tool in heterogeneous slicing processes. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study on the validity of the self-report version

 The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to two samples of 11–16 year olds: 83 young people in the community and 116 young people attending a mental health clinic. The questionnaire discriminated satisfactorily between the two samples. For example, the clinic mean for the total difficulties score was 1.4 standard deviations above the community mean, with clinic cases being over six times more likely to have a score in the abnormal range. The correlations between self-report SDQ scores and teacher or parent-rated SDQ scores compared favourably with the average cross-informant correlations in previous studies of a range of measures. The self-report SDQ appears promising and warrants further evaluation.
Stylohyoid complex syndrome: a new diagnostic classification.

OBJECTIVE
To describe stylohyoid complex syndrome (SHCS) as a new diagnostic classification of all lateral neck and/or facial pain conditions resulting from an elongated styloid process, ossified stylohyoid ligament, or elongated hyoid bone. All of these pathologic conditions result in tension and reduced distensibility of the stylohyoid complex (SHC), with resultant irritation of the surrounding cervical structures with movement of the complex.


DESIGN
A retrospective medical chart review was performed to identify a cohort of patients who underwent surgical intervention for lateral neck and/or facial pain due to pathologic SHCS. Follow-up time of greater than 1 year is reported in 5 of 7 patients.


SETTING
Tertiary, academic referral center.


PATIENTS
Patients included were those given a diagnosis of SHCS who underwent surgical intervention from June 2006 through September 2009. There were 7 patients, 5 of whom were female. The age range was 38 to 53 years at time of presentation (mean age, 45.3 years). Common presenting complaints were lateral neck and oropharyngeal pain exacerbated by tongue and head movements.


INTERVENTION
The pathologic areas were surgically addressed through transoral or cervical approaches.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Symptoms following surgical intervention.


RESULTS
Seven patients (8 sides) were identified as having SHCS. Computed tomographic findings included elongated styloid processes (3 sides), ossified stylohyoid ligaments (2 sides), and elongated hyoid bones (3 sides). Computed tomographic scan, frequently with volume-rendered 3-dimensional reconstructions, identified the pathologic condition. All patients experienced clinically significant relief of presenting symptoms following surgical intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
Stylohyoid complex syndrome includes all lateral neck and/or facial pain conditions resulting from an elongated styloid process, ossified stylohyoid ligament, or elongated hyoid bone. Surgical intervention directed at any pathologic point to disrupt this complex relieves tension and offers patients relief of symptoms.
Role of Ryanodine Receptor Subtypes in Initiation and Formation of Calcium Sparks in Arterial Smooth Muscle: Comparison
with Striated Muscle

Calcium sparks represent local, rapid, and transient calcium release events from a cluster of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), calcium sparks activate calcium-dependent potassium channels causing decrease in the global intracellular [Ca2+] and oppose vasoconstriction. This is in contrast to cardiac and skeletal muscle, where spatial and temporal summation of calcium sparks leads to global increases in intracellular [Ca2+] and myocyte contraction. We summarize the present data on local RyR calcium signaling in arterial SMCs in comparison to striated muscle and muscle-specific differences in coupling between L-type calcium channels and RyRs. Accordingly, arterial SMC Ca(v)1.2 L-type channels regulate intracellular calcium stores content, which in turn modulates calcium efflux though RyRs. Downregulation of RyR2 up to a certain degree is compensated by increased SR calcium content to normalize calcium sparks. This indirect coupling between Ca(v)1.2 and RyR in arterial SMCs is opposite to striated muscle, where triggering of calcium sparks is controlled by rapid and direct cross-talk between Ca(v)1.1/Ca(v)1.2 L-type channels and RyRs. We discuss the role of RyR isoforms in initiation and formation of calcium sparks in SMCs and their possible molecular binding partners and regulators, which differ compared to striated muscle.
Gender , Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy , and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions : Implications for Entrepreneurship Education '

The relationships between gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial Intentions were examined for two sample groups: adolescents and adult master of business administration (MBA) students. Similar gender effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy are shown for both groups and support earlier research on the relationship between self-efficacy and career intentions. Additionally, the effects of entrepreneurship education in MBA programs on entrepreneurial self-efficacy proved stronger for women than for men. Implications for educators and policy makers were discussed, and areas for future research outlined. Introduction Women play a substantial role in entrepreneurship throughout the world. In advanced market economies, women own 25% of all businesses and the number of women-owned businesses in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America are increasing rapidly (Estes, 1999; Jalbert, 2000). In the United States alone, the 6.7 million privately held majority women-owned businesses account for $1.19 trillion in sales and employ 9.8 million people. Moreover, the growth rate of women-owned businesses is impressive (Women-Owned Businesses, 2004). Between 1997 and 2004, employment in women-owned businesses increased by 39% compared to 12% nationally, and revenues rose by 46% compared to 34% among all privately held U.S. businesses. These data reinforce the value of studying women's entrepreneurship, and likely account for the increased attention being paid to this area by scholars and educators. However, current trends mask the fact that men continue to be more active in entrepreneurship than women worldwide. Recent data suggest that the largest gaps occur in middle-income nations where men are 75% more likely than women to be active entrepreneurs, compared with 33% in high-income countries and 41% in low-income countries (Minnitti, Arenius, & Langowitz, 2005). In order to more fully capture the talents of women in new venture creation in the future, a vibrant "pipeline" of potential entrepreneurs is required. However, previous research has shown that this pipeline of women may be weak. Adult men in the United States are twice as likely as women to be in the process of starting a new business (Reynolds, Carter, Gartner, Greene, & Cox, 2002). Furthermore, research on the career interests of teens, the potential entrepreneurs of the next generation, has revealed significantly less interest among girls than among boys in entrepreneurial careers (Kourilsky & Walstad, 1998; Marlino & Wilson, 2003). Many factors undoubtedly contribute to the disparity between men and women in entrepreneurial career interests and behaviors. One factor in particular, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, or the self-confidence that one …
Study on technology system of self-healing control in smart distribution grid

Smart distribution grid is an important part of smart grid, which connects the main network and user-oriented supply. As an “immune system”, self-healing is the most important feature of smart grid. Major problem of self-healing control is the ‘uninterrupted power supply problem’, that is, real-time monitoring of network operation, predicting the state power grid, timely detection, rapid diagnosis and elimination of hidden faults, without human intervention or only a few cases. First, the paper describes major problems, which are solved by self-healing control in smart distribution grid, and their functions. Then, it analysis the structure and technology components of self-healing control in smart distribution grid, including the base layer, support layer and application layer. The base layer is composed of the power grid and its equipments, which is the base for smart grid and self-healing control. The support layer is composed of the data and communication. High-speed, bi-directional, real-time and integrated communications system is the basis of achieving power transmission and the use of high efficiency, reliability and security, and the basis for intelligent distribution network and the key steps of self-prevention and self-recovery in distribution grid. The application layer is composed of Monitoring, assessment, pre-warning/analysis, decision making, control and restoration. Six modules are interconnected and mutual restraint. The application layer is important means of self-prevention and self-recovery in distribution grid. Through the research and analysis on the relationship and the technical composition of six modules in the application layer, the paper divides running states of smart grid distribution grid having self-healing capabilities into five states, which are normal state, warning state, critical state, emergency state and recovery state, and defines the characteristics and the relationship of each state. Through investigating and applying self-healing control in smart distribution grid, smart distribution grid can timely detect the happening or imminent failure and implement appropriate corrective action, so that it does not affect the normal supply or minimize their effects. Power supply reliability is improved observably and outage time is reduced significantly. Especially in extreme weather conditions, the distribution grid will give full play to its self-prevention and self-recovery capability, give priority to protecting people's life and provide electricity for the people furthest.
I Aesthetic Surgery of the Face 6 Anatomy of the aging face

The traditional approach to assessing the face is to consider the face in thirds (upper, middle, and lower thirds). While useful, this approach limits conceptualization, as it is not based on the function of the face. From a functional perspec­ tive, the face has an anterior aspect and a lateral aspect. The anterior face is highly evolved beyond the basic survival needs, specifically, for communication and facial expression. In contrast, the lateral face predominantly covers the struc­ tures of mastication. A vertical line descending from the lateral orbital rim is the approximate division between the anterior and lateral zones of the face. Internally, a series of facial retaining ligaments are strategically located along this line to demarcate the anterior from the lateral face (Fig. 6.1). The mimetic muscles of the face are located in the superficial fascia of the anterior face, mostly around the eyes and the mouth. This highly mobile area of the face is designed to allow fine movement and is prone to develop laxity with aging. In contrast, the lateral face is relatively immobile as it overlies the structures to do with mastication, the temporalis, masseter, the parotid gland and its duct, all located deep to the deep fascia. The only superficial muscle in the lateral face is the platysma in the lower third, which extends to the level of the oral commissure. Importantly, the soft tissues of the anterior face are subdi­ vided into two parts; that which overlies the skeleton and the larger part that comprises the highly specialized sphincters overlying the bony cavities. Where the soft tissues overlie the orbital and oral cavities they are modified, as there is no deep S Y N O P S I S
An integrated collision prediction and avoidance scheme for mobile robots in non-stationary environments

A formulation that makes possible the integration of collision prediction and avoidance stages for mobile robots moving in general terrains containing moving obstacles is presented. A dynamic model of the mobile robot and the dynamic constraints are derived. Collision avoidance is guaranteed if the distance between the robot and a moving obstacle is nonzero. A nominal trajectory is assumed to be known from off-line planning. The main idea is to change the velocity along the nominal trajectory so that collisions are avoided. A feedback control is developed and local asymptotic stability is proved if the velocity of the moving obstacle is bounded. Simulation results verify the value of the proposed strategy.
Effects of innovation on employment in Latin America

This study examines the impact of process and product innovation on employment growth across four Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay) using micro data from innovation surveys. Specifically, we relate employment growth to process innovations and to the growth of sales separately due to innovative and unchanged products. Results show that that compensation effects are prevalent, and the introduction of new products is associated with employment growth at the firm level. Specifically, we find that for the manufacturing firms as a whole, the introduction of process innovations only affects the employment growth in the countries case of Chile. At the same time, we observe no evidence of displacement effects due to the introduction of product innovations. In fact, the observed compensation effects resulting from the introduction of new products imply, in turn, employment growth even when the replacement of old products is taken into account.
Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab Therapy and Predictors of Response in Korean Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Nationwide, Multicenter Study

PURPOSE
Infliximab is currently used for the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of infliximab therapy and to determine the predictors of response in Korean patients with CD.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 317 patients who received at least one infliximab infusion for active luminal CD (n=198) and fistulizing CD (n=86) or both (n=33) were reviewed retrospectively in 29 Korean referral centers. Clinical outcomes of induction and maintenance therapy with infliximab, predictors of response, and adverse events were evaluated.


RESULTS
In patients with luminal CD, the rates of clinical response and remission at week 14 were 89.2% and 60.0%, respectively. Male gender and isolated colonic disease were associated with higher remission rates at week 14. In week-14 responders, the probabilities of sustained response and remission were 96.2% and 93.3% at week 30 and 88.0% and 77.0% at week 54, respectively. In patients with fistulizing CD, clinical response and remission were observed in 85.0% and 56.2% of patients, respectively, at week 14. In week-14 responders, the probabilities of sustained response and remission were 94.0% and 97.1%, respectively, at both week 30 and week 54. Thirty-nine patients (12.3%) experienced adverse events related to infliximab. Serious adverse events developed in 19 (6.0%) patients including seven cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis.


CONCLUSION
Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy are effective and well tolerable in Korean patients with luminal and fistulizing CD. However, clinicians must be aware of the risk of rare yet critical adverse events.
A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD

The induction of synaesthesia in non-synaesthetes has the potential to illuminate the mechanisms that contribute to the development of this condition and the shaping of its phenomenology. Previous research suggests that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reliably induces synaesthesia-like experiences in non-synaesthetes. However, these studies suffer from a number of methodological limitations including lack of a placebo control and the absence of rigorous measures used to test established criteria for genuine synaesthesia. Here we report a pilot study that aimed to circumvent these limitations. We conducted a within-groups placebo-controlled investigation of the impact of LSD on colour experiences in response to standardized graphemes and sounds and the consistency and specificity of grapheme- and sound-colour associations. Participants reported more spontaneous synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD, relative to placebo, but did not differ across conditions in colour experiences in response to inducers, consistency of stimulus-colour associations, or in inducer specificity. Further analyses suggest that individual differences in a number of these effects were associated with the propensity to experience states of absorption in one's daily life. Although preliminary, the present study suggests that LSD-induced synaesthesia-like experiences do not exhibit consistency or inducer-specificity and thus do not meet two widely established criteria for genuine synaesthesia.
Classes in Courage.

A Massachusetts school focuses on a character trait rarely spoken of in an academic context: courage.
Influence of Various Polymorphic Variants of Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase (POR) on Drug Metabolic Activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is known as the sole electron donor in the metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human. However, little is known about the effect of polymorphic variants of POR on drug metabolic activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. In order to better understand the mechanism of the activity of CYPs affected by polymorphic variants of POR, six full-length mutants of POR (e.g., Y181D, A287P, K49N, A115V, S244C and G413S) were designed and then co-expressed with CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in the baculovirus-Sf9 insect cells to determine their kinetic parameters. Surprisingly, both mutants, Y181D and A287P in POR completely inhibited the CYP3A4 activity with testosterone, while the catalytic activity of CYP2B6 with bupropion was reduced to approximately ~70% of wild-type activity by Y181D and A287P mutations. In addition, the mutant K49N of POR increased the CLint (Vmax/Km) of CYP3A4 up to more than 31% of wild-type, while it reduced the catalytic efficiency of CYP2B6 to 74% of wild-type. Moreover, CLint values of CYP3A4-POR (A115V, G413S) were increased up to 36% and 65% of wild-type respectively. However, there were no appreciable effects observed by the remaining two mutants of POR (i.e., A115V and G413S) on activities of CYP2B6. In conclusion, the extent to which the catalytic activities of CYP were altered did not only depend on the specific POR mutations but also on the isoforms of different CYP redox partners. Thereby, we proposed that the POR-mutant patients should be carefully monitored for the activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 on the prescribed medication.
Bradykinin contributes to the vasodilator effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Bradykinin, an endogenous vasodilator peptide, is metabolized by ACE. The aims of the present study were to determine the doses of B9340, a bradykinin receptor antagonist, that inhibit vasodilatation to exogenous bradykinin and to assess the contribution of bradykinin to the maintenance of basal vascular tone in patients with heart failure receiving chronic ACE inhibitor therapy.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Forearm blood flow was measured using bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography. On three occasions in a double-blind randomized manner, 8 healthy volunteers received intrabrachial infusions of placebo or B9340 (at 4.5 and 13.5 nmol/min). On each occasion, placebo or B9340 was coinfused with bradykinin (30 to 3000 pmol/min) and substance P (4 to 16 pmol/min). B9340 caused no change in basal FBF but produced dose-dependent inhibition of the vasodilatation to bradykinin (P<0.001) but not substance P. The effects of bradykinin antagonism were studied in 17 patients with NYHA grade II through IV heart failure maintained on chronic ACE inhibitor therapy. Incremental doses of B9340, but not HOE-140, produced a dose-dependent vasoconstriction (P=0.01). After withdrawal of ACE inhibitor therapy, B9340 produced no significant change in forearm blood flow. After reinstitution of therapy, B9340 again resulted in vasoconstriction (P<0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
B9340 is a potent and selective inhibitor of bradykinin-induced vasodilatation. Bradykinin does not contribute to the maintenance of basal peripheral arteriolar tone in healthy humans or patients with heart failure but contributes to the vasodilatation associated with chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure via the B(1) receptor.