LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Swelling and gelatinization of cereal starches. I. Effects of amylopectin, amylose, and lipids

A method was developed for measuring the volume of water absorbed by starch -granules heated in excess water, based on the observation that blue dextran dye (molecular weight 2 X 106) will dissolve in supernatant and interstitial water but not in the intragranular water. Swelling curves of wheat and normal and waxy barley and maize starches, determined by measuring the swelling factor (swollen volume/initial volume of airdried starch) at various temperatures up to 850C, were characterized by an initial phase of slight swelling, a second phase of rapid swelling, and a final stage of maximum swelling (not observed with high-gelatinizing starches or if granules disintegrated). With wheat starch, swelling began at 45-500C and continued to 850C; loss of birefringence and a large decrease in gelatinization enthalpy attributed to dissociation of crystalline Gelatinization in the narrowest sense is the thermal disordering of crystalline structures in native starch granules, but in the broader sense it includes related events such as swelling of the granules and leaching of soluble polysaccharides (Atwell et al 1988). Gelatinization temperature (GT) and enthalpy (AH) are conveniently measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and this aspect has received much attention in recent years because it is experimentally convenient and precise. However, in most food systems the actual temperature at which starch gelatinizes is less important than those properties that depend on swelling, such as pasting behavior and rheological properties of the partially or fully swollen starch granules. The properties of the starch-water system will, of course, be different if the swollen granules are dispersed mechanically to give a uniform gel. Historically, starch swelling has been studied by simple methods that do not distinguish between intragranular water and intergranular or interstitial water (Leach et al 1959), and the precision of measurements was not particularly good. This paper describes an improved method for measuring only intragranular water and hence the true swelling factor at a given temperature, based on the observation that blue dextran (Mr 2 X 106) does not penetrate swollen granules. The effects of amylopectin (AP), amylose (AM), and lipids on swelling behavior were then investigated using the blue dextran method. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Blurred Shape Model for binary and grey-level symbol recognition

Many symbol recognition problems require the use of robust descriptors in order to obtain rich information of the data. However, the research of a good descriptor is still an open issue due to the high variability of symbols appearance. Rotation, partial occlusions, elastic deformations, intra-class and inter-class variations, or high variability among symbols due to different writing styles, are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a symbol shape description to deal with the changes in appearance that these types of symbols suffer. The shape of the symbol is aligned based on principal components to make the recognition invariant to rotation and reflection. Then, we present the Blurred Shape Model descriptor (BSM), where new features encode the probability of appearance of each pixel that outlines the symbols shape. Moreover, we include the new descriptor in a system to deal with multi-class symbol categorization problems. Adaboost is used to train the binary classifiers, learning the BSM features that better split symbol classes. Then, the binary problems are embedded in an Error-Correcting Output Codes framework (ECOC) to deal with the multi-class case. The methodology is evaluated on different synthetic and real data sets. State-of-the-art descriptors and classifiers are compared, showing the robustness and better performance of the present scheme to classify symbols with high variability of appearance. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Vehicle Embedded Data Stream Processing Platform for Android Devices

Automotive information services utilizing vehicle data are rapidly expanding. However, there is currently no data centric software architecture that takes into account the scale and complexity of data involving numerous sensors. To address this issue, the authors have developed an in-vehicle datastream management system for automotive embedded systems (eDSMS) as data centric software architecture. Providing the data stream functionalities to drivers and passengers are highly beneficial. This paper describes a vehicle embedded data stream processing platform for Android devices. The platform enables flexible query processing with a dataflow query language and extensible operator functions in the query language on the platform. The platform employs architecture independent of data stream schema in in-vehicle eDSMS to facilitate smoother Android application program development. This paper presents specifications and design of the query language and APIs of the platform, evaluate it, and discuss the results. Keywords—Android, automotive, data stream management system
Dependence of reaction kinetics and physical and mechanical properties on the reaction systems of acetylation II: physical and mechanical properties

Acetylation of wood was carried out in acetic anhydride only, acetic anhydride/xylene 1 : 1 (v/v), and acetic anhydride/pyridine 4 : 1 (v/v) solutions. The antishrink efficiency (ASE), hygroscopic properties, vibrational properties, and bending strength were compared among the three reaction solutions. The ASE was a simple function of weight gain (WG); the equilibrium moisture content at a given WG differed among the reaction solutions. Based on this fact and the results of repeated water soaking and oven-drying tests, it was found that the bulking effect was a major factor, and that decreased hygroscopicity contributes only slightly to the dimensional stabilization by acetylation. The difference in equilibrium moisture content among reaction solutions appears more significant in block samples than wood meal, probably due to the fiber-to-fiber bonds in the former. The tendencies for change in the specific Young’s modulus and the loss tangent differed among reaction solutions, whereas in the static bending test the difference was not marked.
Reliable, Built-in, High-Accuracy Force Sensing for Legged Robots

An approach for achieving reliable, built-in, high-accuracy force sensing for legged robots is presented, based on direct exploitation of the properties of a robot’s mechanical structure. The proposed methodology relies on taking account of force-sensing requirements at the robot design st age, with aview to embedding force-sensing capability within the mechanical structure of the robot itself. The test case is ROBOCLIMBER, a bulky, quadruped climbing and walking machine whose weighty legs enable it to carry out heavy-duty drilling operations. The paper shows that, with finite-element analysis of ROBOCLIMBER’s mechanical configuration during the design stage,candidate positions can be selected for the placement of force transducers to measure indirectly the contact forces between the feet and the ground. Force sensors are then installed at the theoretically best positions on the mechanical structure, and several experiments are carried out to calibrate all sensors within their operational range of interest. After calibration, the built-in sensors are subjected to experimental performance evaluation, and the final best sensor option is found. The built-in force-sensing capability thus implemented is subjected to its first test of usability when it is employed to compute the actual centre of gravity of ROBOCLIMBER. The method is shown to be useful for determining variation during a gait (due to the non-negligible weight of the legs). Afterwards the force sensors are shown to be useful for controlling foot–ground interaction, and several illustrative experiments confirm the high sensitivity, reliability and accuracy of the selected approach. Lastly, the built-in sensors are used to measure ground-reaction forces and to compute The International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 25, No. 9, September 2006, pp. 931-950 DOI: 10.1177/0278364906069173 ©2006 SAGE Publications Figures appear in color online: http://ijr.sagepub.com the zero-moment point for ROBOCLIMBER in real time, both while standing and while executing a dynamically balanced gait. KEY WORDS—climbing and walking robots, finite-element analysis, force sensor, foot–ground interaction, forcefeedback control, zero-moment point
Induction of resistance against pathogens by β-aminobutyric acid

Among the many types of plant stressors, pathogen attack, mainly fungi and bacteria can cause particularly severe damage both to individual plants and, on a wider scale, to agricultural productivity. The magnitude of these pathogen-induced problems has stimulated rapid progress in green biotechnology research into plant defense mechanisms. Plants can develop local and systemic wide-spectrum resistance induced by their exposure to virulent (systemic acquired resistance—SAR) or non-pathogenic microbes and various chemical elicitors (induced systemic resistance—ISR). β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA), non-protein amino acid, is though to be important component of the signaling pathway regulating ISR response in plants. After treatment with BABA or various chemicals, after infection by a necrotizing pathogen, colonization of the roots by beneficial microbes many plants establish a unique physiological state that is called the “primed” state of the plant. This review will focus on the recent knowledge about the role of BABA in the induction of ISR against pathogens mainly against fungi.
Accelerating literature curation with text-mining tools: a case study of using PubTator to curate genes in PubMed abstracts

Today's biomedical research has become heavily dependent on access to the biological knowledge encoded in expert curated biological databases. As the volume of biological literature grows rapidly, it becomes increasingly difficult for biocurators to keep up with the literature because manual curation is an expensive and time-consuming endeavour. Past research has suggested that computer-assisted curation can improve efficiency, but few text-mining systems have been formally evaluated in this regard. Through participation in the interactive text-mining track of the BioCreative 2012 workshop, we developed PubTator, a PubMed-like system that assists with two specific human curation tasks: document triage and bioconcept annotation. On the basis of evaluation results from two external user groups, we find that the accuracy of PubTator-assisted curation is comparable with that of manual curation and that PubTator can significantly increase human curatorial speed. These encouraging findings warrant further investigation with a larger number of publications to be annotated. Database URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Lu/Demo/PubTator/
Chaos Synchronization between Two Different Fractional Systems of Lorenz Family

This work investigates chaos synchronization between two different fractional order chaotic systems of Lorenz family. The fractional order Lü system is controlled to be the fractional order Chen system, and the fractional order Chen system is controlled to be the fractional order Lorenzlike system. The analytical conditions for the synchronization of these pairs of different fractional order chaotic systems are derived by utilizing Laplace transform. Numerical simulations are used to verify the theoretical analysis using different values of the fractional order parameter.
DC dielectrophoretic particle-particle interactions and their relative motions.

When particles in an electrolyte subjected to an external electric field get close to each other, the presence of particles could alter the local electric field and consequently induce mutual dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces on each other. In this paper, a transient, two-dimensional (2D) multiphysics model taking into account the particle-fluid-electric field interactions under a thin electrical double layer (EDL) assumption is performed to investigate the effects of the imposed electric field, the initial particle's orientation and distance on the DEP particle-particle interaction between a pair of micro-sized particles and their relative motions. Prior to the study of the DEP particle-particle interaction, the magnitude comparison between the DEP particle-particle interaction and the Brownian motion is analyzed. When the DEP particle-particle interaction dominates the random Brownian motion, it is expected to observe the particle chaining along the direction of the imposed electric field, independent of the initial particle orientation. The numerical predictions are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations available from the literature. During the attraction motion of particles, their velocities tend to dramatically decrease due to the rapid increase in the repulsive hydrodynamic pressure force when the particle distance decreases to a certain value. One exclusive exception of the particle chaining occurs when the initial connecting line of the particles is perpendicular to the imposed electric field, which is extremely unstable owing to the inevitable Brownian motion.
A real world comparison of sulfonylurea and insulin vs. incretin-based treatments in patients not controlled on prior metformin monotherapy

AIMS
Metformin is the first line drug for patients diagnosed with type-2 diabetes; however, the impact of different treatment escalation strategies after metformin failure has thus far not been investigated in a real world situation. The registry described herein goes some way to clarifying treatment outcomes in such patients.


METHODS
DiaRegis is a multicentre registry including 3,810 patients with type-2 diabetes. For the present analysis we selected patients being treated with metformin monotherapy at baseline (n = 1,373), with the subsequent addition of incretin-based drugs (Met/Incr; n = 783), sulfonylureas (Met/SU; n = 255), or insulin (n = 220).


RESULTS
After two years 1,110 of the initial 1,373 patients had a complete follow-up (80.8%) and 726 of these were still on the initial treatment combination (65.4%). After treatment escalation, compared to Met/Incr (n = 421), Met/SU (n = 154) therapy resulted in a higher HbA1c reduction vs. baseline (-0.6 ± 1.4% vs. -0.5 ± 1.0%; p = 0.039). Insulin (n = 151) resulted in a stronger reduction in HbA1c (-0.9 ± 2.0% vs. -0.5 ± 1.0%; p = 0.003), and fasting plasma glucose (-24 ± 70 mg/dl vs. -19 ± 42 mg/dl; p = 0.001), but was associated with increased bodyweight (0.8 ± 9.0 kg vs. -1.5 ± 5.0 kg; p = 0.028). Hypoglycaemia rates (any with or without help and symptoms) were higher for patients receiving insulin (Odds Ratio [OR] 8.35; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 4.84-14.4) and Met/SU (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.48-4.92) versus Met/Incr. While there was little difference in event rates between Met/Incr and Met/SU, insulin was associated with higher rates of death, major cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and microvascular disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Taking the results of DiaRegis into consideration it can be concluded that incretin-based treatment strategies appear to have a favourable balance between glycemic control and treatment emergent adverse effects.
Chronic Prostatitis: The Clinical Pharmacist Role and New DeliverySystems

It is clearly known that the prostatic gland is frequently involved in Different pathologies in adults and elderly patients. Benignant or malignant: anatomic of functionally disease. Frequently other condition as bladder dysfunctions can be associated or added to this pathologies or causated by it. Some of these pathologies give low level in patient quality life and reducing in life expectance (malignant). Malignant pathologies start as local disease but can diffused as metastatic interesting other apparatus of the patient (patient frequently show resistance to first line therapy in example hormonal blocks, or different chemiotherapic).
Effectiveness of physical therapy treatments on lateral epicondylitis.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze research literature that has examined the effectiveness of various physical therapy interventions on lateral epicondylitis.


DATA SOURCES
Evidence was compiled with data located using the PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, and the Hooked on Evidence databases from 1994 to 2006 using the key words lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, modalities, intervention, management of, treatment for, radiohumeral bursitis, and experiment.


STUDY SELECTION
The literature used included peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the effectiveness of physical therapy treatments on lateral epicondylitis. Future research is needed to provide a better understanding of beneficial treatment options for people living with this condition.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Shockwave therapy and Cyriax therapy protocol are effective physical therapy interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
There are numerous treatments for lateral epicondylitis and no single intervention has been proven to be the most efficient. Therefore, future research is needed to provide a better understanding of beneficial treatment options for people living with this condition.
CloudWave: Where adaptive cloud management meets DevOps

The transition to cloud computing offers a large number of benefits, such as lower capital costs and a highly agile environment. Yet, the development of software engineering practices has not kept pace with this change. Moreover, the design and runtime behavior of cloud based services and the underlying cloud infrastructure are largely decoupled from one another.This paper describes the innovative concepts being developed by CloudWave to utilize the principles of DevOps to create an execution analytics cloud infrastructure where, through the use of programmable monitoring and online data abstraction, much more relevant information for the optimization of the ecosystem is obtained. Required optimizations are subsequently negotiated between the applications and the cloud infrastructure to obtain coordinated adaption of the ecosystem. Additionally, the project is developing the technology for a Feedback Driven Development Standard Development Kit which will utilize the data gathered through execution analytics to supply developers with a powerful mechanism to shorten application development cycles.
Leaky gut - concept or clinical entity?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article evaluates the current status of the gut barrier in gastrointestinal disorders.


RECENT FINDINGS
The gut barrier is a complex, multicomponent, interactive, and bidirectional entity that includes, but is not restricted to, the epithelial cell layer. Intestinal permeability, the phenomenon most readily and commonly studied, reflects just one (albeit an important one) function of the barrier that is intimately related to and interacts with luminal contents, including the microbiota. The mucosal immune response also influences barrier integrity; effects of inflammation per se must be accounted for in the interpretation of permeability studies in disease states.


SUMMARY
Although several aspects of barrier function can be assessed in man, one must be aware of exactly what a given test measures, as well as of its limitations. The temptation to employ results from a test of paracellular flux to imply a role for barrier dysfunction in disorders thought to be based on bacterial or macromolecular translocation must be resisted. Although changes in barrier function have been described in several gastrointestinal disorders, their primacy remains to be defined. At present, few studies support efficacy for an intervention that improves barrier function in altering the natural history of a disease process.
Validation of clinical scores predicting severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND
Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is associated strongly with adverse patient outcomes. Recently, 3 predictive risk models for RRT have been developed. The aims of our study are to validate the predictive scoring models for patients requiring postoperative RRT and test applicability to the broader spectrum of patients with postoperative severe AKI.


STUDY DESIGN
Diagnostic test study.


SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
12,096 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, from 2000 through 2007.


INDEX TEST
Cleveland Clinic score, Mehta score, and Simplified Renal Index (SRI) score.


REFERENCE TEST OR OUTCOME
Incidence of postoperative RRT or composite outcome of severe AKI, defined as serum creatinine level >2.0 mg/dL, and a 2-fold increase compared with the preoperative baseline creatinine level or RRT.


RESULTS
RRT was used in 254 (2.1%) patients, whereas severe AKI was present in 467 (3.9%). Discrimination for the prediction of RRT and severe AKI was good for all scoring models measured using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs): 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84-0.88) for RRT and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.83) for severe AKI using the Cleveland score, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.86) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73-0.80) using the Mehta score, and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77-0.82) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72-0.77) using the SRI score. The Cleveland score and Mehta score consistently showed significantly better discrimination compared with the SRI score (P < 0.001). Despite lower AUROCs for the prediction of severe AKI, the Cleveland score AUROC was still >0.80. The Mehta score is applicable in only a subgroup of patients.


LIMITATIONS
Single-center retrospective cohort study.


CONCLUSIONS
The Cleveland scoring system offers the best discriminative value to predict postoperative RRT and covers most patients undergoing cardiac surgery. It also can be used for prediction of the composite end point of severe AKI, which enables broader application to patients at risk of postoperative kidney dysfunction.
Differential Evolution Algorithm and Method of Moments for the Design of Low-RCS Antenna

This letter introduces a novel technique for low radar cross section (RCS) antenna designs. The differential evolution algorithm (DEA) and the method of moments (MoM) are combined to achieve the RCS reduction and satisfied radiation performance. The antenna geometric parameters are extracted to be optimized by DEA, and a fitness function is evaluated by MoM to represent the performance of each candidate design. The optimization example of the slot patch antenna is presented as a test of the proposed DEA/MoM algorithm. By optimizing the slot location, the given slot antenna realizes the RCS reduction in the broad frequency range of 2-12 GHz at different incident angles, which demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed method to antenna RCS reduction.