LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Selective Harmonic Elimination in Power Electronic Equipment

The algorithms for adaptive canceling of selected harmonic components have been well developed in digital signal processing. In those applications, "filtering" is a primary objective. However, in power electronic applications control, with objectives like fast response of system on reference and disturbance change, is of primary importance. This paper provides a novel and a systematic design approach for applying signal processing methods (like modified adaptive selective harmonic elimination algorithms) as an addition to conventional control. Thus, both control objectives like fast transient response and efficient harmonic (disturbance) filtering are achieved. The filtering algorithm does not interfere and has minimal impact on the stability of the primary control loop. Its sole function is to eliminate undesirable higher harmonic components from selected variable (current or voltage) and it requires only knowledge of the frequency of the component to be eliminated. The methodology is applicable for a wide range of equipment like uninterrupted power systems, regenerative converters, active power filters, etc. The application of the proposed method in a regenerative voltage source converter for dead time compensation is used as an example for illustrating its effectiveness and design procedure
Boron neutron capture therapy of cancer: current status and future prospects.

BACKGROUND
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron-10 is irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. Clinical interest in BNCT has focused primarily on the treatment of high-grade gliomas and either cutaneous primaries or cerebral metastases of melanoma, most recently, head and neck and liver cancer. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and these are available in the United States, Japan, several European countries, and Argentina. Accelerators also can be used to produce epithermal neutrons and these are being developed in several countries, but none are currently being used for BNCT.


BORON DELIVERY AGENTS
Two boron drugs have been used clinically, sodium borocaptate (Na(2)B(12)H(11)SH) and a dihydroxyboryl derivative of phenylalanine called boronophenylalanine. The major challenge in the development of boron delivery agents has been the requirement for selective tumor targeting to achieve boron concentrations ( approximately 20 microg/g tumor) sufficient to deliver therapeutic doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Over the past 20 years, other classes of boron-containing compounds have been designed and synthesized that include boron-containing amino acids, biochemical precursors of nucleic acids, DNA-binding molecules, and porphyrin derivatives. High molecular weight delivery agents include monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, which can recognize a tumor-associated epitope, such as epidermal growth factor, and liposomes. However, it is unlikely that any single agent will target all or even most of the tumor cells, and most likely, combinations of agents will be required and their delivery will have to be optimized.


CLINICAL TRIALS
Current or recently completed clinical trials have been carried out in Japan, Europe, and the United States. The vast majority of patients have had high-grade gliomas. Treatment has consisted first of "debulking" surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by BNCT at varying times after surgery. Sodium borocaptate and boronophenylalanine administered i.v. have been used as the boron delivery agents. The best survival data from these studies are at least comparable with those obtained by current standard therapy for glioblastoma multiforme, and the safety of the procedure has been established.


CONCLUSIONS
Critical issues that must be addressed include the need for more selective and effective boron delivery agents, the development of methods to provide semiquantitative estimates of tumor boron content before treatment, improvements in clinical implementation of BNCT, and a need for randomized clinical trials with an unequivocal demonstration of therapeutic efficacy. If these issues are adequately addressed, then BNCT could move forward as a treatment modality.
Lack of association between Rh status, Rh immune globulin in pregnancy and autism.

Though causes of autism are considered largely genetic, considerable concern remains that exposure to Rh immune globulin (RhIg), which until 2001 in the United States contained the preservative thimerosal, can cause autism. To determine whether mothers of children with autism are more likely to be Rh negative (Rh(-)) or to have received RhIg preserved with thimerosal, which is 49.6% ethyl mercury, we surveyed families of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ascertained through a University-based autism clinic considered free of ascertainment biases related to type of autism or severity. Between 2004 and 2006, 305 mothers of 321 children with an ASD agreed to participate in a telephone interview. Analysis of complete records including the blood group status and RhIg exposure of 214 families showed that Rh(-) status is no higher in mothers of children with autism than in the general population, exposure to antepartum RhIg, preserved with thimerosal is no higher for children with autism and pregnancies are no more likely to be Rh incompatible. This was also true for autism subgroups defined by behavioral phenotype, gender, IQ, regressive onset, head circumference, dysmorphology, birth status, essential, or complex phenotype. These findings support the consensus that exposure to ethylmercury in thimerosal is not the cause of the increased prevalence of autism. These data are important not only for parents in this country but also for the international health community where thimerosal continues to be used to preserve multi-dose vials which in turn makes vaccines affordable.
Implementation and evaluation of the apparatus for intelligent energy management to apply to the smart grid at home

A smart grid-base AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure), which checks electricity consumption and controls the electric energy used with the demand response technique, is necessary for remotely managing the load of the energy and power consumed in order to comprise energy efficiency for electrical devices in homes. The smart controller calculates the amount of electricity consumed by customer on real time basis from the utility supplier like electric supply company. In this paper, we propose the hardware architecture and software of the smart controller for use as the platform in smart grid system to reduce energy consumption. The smart controller can be installed on the electric plug of the electric appliance. The smart controller grasps the energy amount used in the electric appliance and delivers to the AMI / EMS (Energy Management Server). In addition, we evaluated an experimental system to practically verify functions of the smart controller which is attached to the lighting device. From the system, we showed that the electric source of the illumination can be controlled according to the load change and saved energy effectively. We also confirmed the structural benefit and the energy-efficient effect through the verification of the smart controller.
Retention in physically demanding jobs of individuals with low back pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Low back pain is prevalent and is a frequent cause of disability and sick leave among working adults. Individuals with low back pain often consult general practice or other health care providers which often results in a unilateral intervention focussed on their symptoms. Employment is associated with physical and mental well-being, so, patients may benefit from an early additional occupational medicine intervention. For individuals with physically demanding jobs it can be especially challenging to retain their jobs. The aim of the 'GoBack trial' is to develop and evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an occupational medicine intervention for individuals with low back pain in physically demanding jobs.


METHODS/DESIGN
We will conduct a randomised controlled trial enrolling 300 participants with difficulty in maintaining physically demanding jobs due to low back pain for a current period of 2 to 4 weeks. Participants will be randomised and stratified according to their age and gender before being allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either control or additional occupational medicine intervention. Both groups will receive conventional treatment for their low back pain during the study. All participants will be thoroughly assessed for causes of low back pain and potential prognostic factors by questionnaires, clinical specialist assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the lumbar spine. Primary outcome is the accumulated duration of self-assessed sick leave (in days) due to low back pain during 6 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes include general self-rated back pain, disability and screening for potential prognostic factors: fear avoidance behaviour, disability, health status and degenerative MRI findings. For tertiary purposes selected outcomes will also be assessed after 1 and 2 years from baseline.


DISCUSSION
Many guidelines exist for the management of low back pain, but they provide limited guidance on occupational aspects. The findings from this randomised trial will provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and feasibility of an occupational medicine intervention model for individuals with low back pain in physically demanding jobs.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02015572 ) on 29 November 2013.
Sending mixed signals: multilevel reputation effects in peer-to-peer lending markets

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending organizations enable an individual to obtain an unsecured loan from a collection of individuals without the participation of a bank. Previous research has addressed the use of reputation systems to reduce information asymmetry based on individual history within online markets. Within the last few years one of the market leaders in P2P lending, Prosper.com, has sought to replace the information vetting and monitoring typically done by the bank with a community of users free to select its community members based on any criteria it chooses. By embedding individual reputations within a community reputation, incentives become aligned for peers to select highly qualified borrowers and produce more costly information signals to reduce the adverse selection and moral hazard risk typical of any principle-agent relationship. This study draws on theory from the Principle-Agent perspective to empirically examine the signals that enhance community reputation.
Does lemon juice increase radioiodine reaccumulation within the parotid glands more than if lemon juice is not administered?

OBJECTIVE
The protective effect of sialagogues following I therapy became controversial after a study proposed that sialagogues increase the reaccumulation of I in the parotid glands (PGs) to a level higher than when sialagogues are not administered ('rebound effect'). The present study examined PG radiopharmacokinetics within 2-4 h after radioiodine administration to evaluate whether sialagogues cause a 'rebound effect'.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This prospective study was conducted at the Medstar Washington Hospital Center. The study patients had (i) differentiated thyroid cancer, (ii) no history of salivary gland disease or medications affecting the salivary glands, (iii) a clinical salivary scan (SS) with lemon juice (LJ) (SSwLJ) that was performed before I therapy, and (iv) a second SS performed without LJ (SSwoLJ) performed prior to I therapy after giving informed consent. Each PG was assessed for I uptake using time-activity curves (TACs) that were (i) corrected for background and decay, (ii) smoothed using a seven-point unweighted moving average, and (iii) normalized to the administered I activity. TACs of the SSwLJ and SSwoLJ were compared with activity at each time point over 120 min. Areas under the TACs for the PGs were calculated for each gland's SSwLJ and SSwoLJ, and the relative percentage change in potential radiation absorbed dose (PRAD) was calculated.


RESULTS
A total of 2100 time points were analyzed in nine patients (18 PGs). I activity in the PGs on SSwLJ exceeded activity seen on the SSwoLJ at 134 time points (6.3%), and 98 (73%) of these were on the basis of spontaneous salivation during SSwoLJ. Mean percentage decrease in relative PRAD was 34.2±17.4% (range, 3.1-66.1%).


CONCLUSION
During the time period studied, LJ administration did not result in a 'rebound effect' but resulted in mean relative decrease of 34.2% in PRAD to the PGs.
Software-Defined Networking Paradigms in Wireless Networks: A Survey

Software-defined networking (SDN) has generated tremendous interest from both academia and industry. SDN aims at simplifying network management while enabling researchers to experiment with network protocols on deployed networks. This article is a distillation of the state of the art of SDN in the context of wireless networks. We present an overview of the major design trends and highlight key differences between them.
Printed and Handwritten Mixed Kannada Numerals Recognition Using SVM

A mixer of printed and handwritten numerals may appear in a single document such as application forms, postal mail, and official documents. The process of identifying of such mixed numerals and sending it to respective OCRs is a complex task. In this paper, we present a novel method for recognition of printed and hand written isolated Kannada numerals using single OCR system. Printed/hand written Kannada numeral is scan converted to binary image and normalized to a size of 40 x 40 pixels. The boundary of the numeral is traced and chain code of the image is determined. These codes are represented in a complex plane and 10 dimensional Fourier descriptors are computed that form the feature vector. The 10 dimensional Fourier descriptors are input to multi-class SVM classifier to recognize the numeral class. The proposed algorithm is experimented on 5000 numeral images consisting of handwritten and printed numerals, each of size 2500. The experiment is carried using five-fold cross validation method and yielded recognition accuracy of 97.76%. Keywordsprinted numerals; handwritten numeral, chain code; Fourier descriptors; SVM
Nonovershooting Control of Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems

A means of obtaining a nonovershooting output tracking response for single-input-single-output (SISO) strict-feedback nonlinear systems is introduced. With the proposed method, arbitrary reference trajectories can be tracked "from below" for arbitrary initial conditions (as long as the initial value of the plant output is strictly below the initial value of the reference trajectory). In addition, a design is presented for "approximately" nonovershooting control in the presence of disturbances, where the amount of overshoot can be made arbitrarily small by appropriately choosing the control gains. Finally, an output-feedback example shows the ability of our approach to ensure arbitrarily small overshoot, where the overshoot is caused by the initial condition of the unmeasured part of the state
Efficiency, satisfaction, and costs for remote video visits following radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Telemedicine in an ambulatory surgical population remains incompletely evaluated.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate patient encounters in the outpatient setting using video visit (VV) technology compared to traditional office visits (OVs).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
From June 2013 to March 2014, 55 prescreened men with a history of prostate cancer were prospectively randomized. VVs, with the patient at home or at work, were included in the outpatient clinic calendar of urologists.


INTERVENTION
Remote VV versus traditional OV.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
An equivalence analysis was used to assess the primary outcome, visit efficiency as measured by time studies. Secondary outcomes were patient/provider satisfaction and costs.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
There were 28 VVs and 27 OVs. VVs were equivalent in efficiency to relative to OVs, as measured by patient-provider face time (mean 14.5 vs 14.3min; p=0.96), patient wait time (18.4 vs 13.0min; p=0.20), and total time devoted to care (17.9 vs 17.8min; p=0.97). There were no significant differences in patient perception of visit confidentiality, efficiency, education quality, or overall satisfaction. VVs incurred lower costs, including distance traveled (median 0 vs 95 miles), travel time (0 vs 95min), missed work (0 vs 1 d), and money spent on travel ($0 vs $48; all p<0.0001). There was a high level of urologist satisfaction for both VVs (88%) and OVs (90%). The major limitation was sample size.


CONCLUSIONS
VV in the ambulatory postprostatectomy setting may have a future role in health care delivery models. We found equivalent efficiency, similar satisfaction, but significantly reduced patient costs for VV compared to OV. Further prospective analyses are warranted.


PATIENT SUMMARY
Among men with surgically treated prostate cancer, we evaluated the utility of remote video visits compared to office visits for outpatient consultation with a urologist. Video visits were associated with equivalent efficiency, similar satisfaction, and significantly lower patient costs when compared to office visits. We conclude that video visits may have a future role in health care delivery models.
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in chronic angina to stimulate neovascularisation: a placebo controlled crossover trial.

BACKGROUND
Experimental studies demonstrate that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes neovascularisation and confers cardioprotection.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of repeated low dose G-CSF plus exercise on myocardial ischaemia in patients with severe chronic ischaemic heart disease.


METHODS
18 patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III-IV angina completed a randomised, double blind, crossover study of dose adjusted G-CSF versus placebo. Exercise was commenced 6 weeks prior and continued for the duration of the study. G-CSF or placebo was administered daily for 5 consecutive days at fortnightly intervals for three cycles, followed by crossover after 6 weeks. Primary outcome was myocardial perfusion by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Secondary outcomes were: Seattle Angina and Utility Based Quality of Life Heart Questionnaire (SAQ/UBQ-H), Exercise Stress Test (EST) and quantification of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) by flow cytometry and angiogenic cytokines by immunoassay.


RESULTS
Compared with placebo, G-CSF had no effect on myocardial ischaemia by cardiac MRI, EST or SAQ/UBQ-H, despite effective EPC mobilisation (peak fold increase: CD34+ =19, CD34+ CD133+ = 37, CD34+ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)+ = 5, CD34+ CD133+ VEGFR-2+ = 3; all p<0.05 vs. placebo). Plasma levels of stromal cell derived factor 1, angiopoietin 1, interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor α decreased after a symptom limited EST while vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet derived growth factor remained unchanged. All cytokines were unchanged following G-CSF. Seven troponin I positive events occurred with G-CSF compared with three with placebo (p=0.289). High sensitivity C reactive protein and N terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide increased with G-CSF (both p<0.01 vs. placebo).


CONCLUSION
In patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease, G-CSF mobilises EPCs but does not improve myocardial perfusion or angina. G-CSF increases plasma levels of adverse prognostic cardiac biomarkers. Clinical trial registration information Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: http://www.anzctr.org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN012607000354482.
Distributed virtual machine consolidation: A systematic mapping study

Background: Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation is an effective technique to improve resource utilization and reduce energy footprint in cloud data centers. It can be implemented in a centralized or a distributed fashion. Distributed VM consolidation approaches are currently gaining popularity because they are often more scalable than their centralized counterparts and they avoid a single point of failure. Objective: To present a comprehensive, unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on distributed VM consolidation approaches. Method: A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) of the existing distributed VM consolidation approaches. Results: 19 papers on distributed VM consolidation categorized in a variety of ways. The results show that the existing distributed VM consolidation approaches use four types of algorithms, optimize a number of different objectives, and are often evaluated with experiments involving simulations. Conclusion: There is currently an increasing amount of interest on developing and evaluating novel distributed VM consolidation approaches. A number of research gaps exist where the focus of future research may be directed.
Efficacy and safety of CT-P13 (biosimilar infliximab) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison between switching from reference infliximab to CT-P13 and continuing CT-P13 in the PLANETRA extension study

OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy and safety of switching from the infliximab reference product (RP; Remicade) to its biosimilar CT-P13 (Remsima, Inflectra) or continuing CT-P13 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for an additional six infusions.


METHODS
This open-label extension study recruited patients with RA who had completed the 54-week, randomised, parallel-group study comparing CT-P13 with RP (PLANETRA; NCT01217086). CT-P13 (3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously every 8 weeks from weeks 62 to 102. All patients received concomitant methotrexate. Endpoints included American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response, ACR50, ACR70, immunogenicity and safety. Data were analysed for patients who received CT-P13 for 102 weeks (maintenance group) and for those who received RP for 54 weeks and then switched to CT-P13 (switch group).


RESULTS
Overall, 302 of 455 patients who completed the PLANETRA study enrolled into the extension. Of these, 158 had received CT-P13 (maintenance group) and 144 RP (switch group). Response rates at week 102 for maintenance versus switch groups, respectively, were 71.7% vs 71.8% for ACR20, 48.0% vs 51.4% for ACR50 and 24.3% vs 26.1% for ACR70. The proportion of patients with antidrug antibodies was comparable between groups (week 102: 40.3% vs 44.8%, respectively). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in similar proportions of patients in the two groups during the extension study (53.5% and 53.8%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Comparable efficacy and tolerability were observed in patients who switched from RP to its biosimilar CT-P13 for an additional year and in those who had long-term CT-P13 treatment for 2 years.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT01571219; Results.