LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Estimation of Jump Diffusions and General Dynamic Models with a Continuum of Moment Conditions

A general estimation approach combining the attractive features of method of moments with the efficiency of ML is proposed. The moment conditions are computed via the characteristic function. The two major difficulties with the implementation is that one needs to use an infinite set of moment conditions leading to the singularity of the covariance matrix in the GMM context, and the optimal instrument yielding the ML efficiency was previously shown to depend on the unknown probability density function. We resolve the two problems simultaneously in the framework of CGMM (GMM with a continuum of moment conditions). First, we prove asymptotic properties of the C-GMM estimator applied to dependent data and then provide a reformulation of the estimator that enhances its computational ease. Second, we propose to span the unknown optimal instrument by an infinite basis consisting of simple exponential functions. Since the estimation framework already relies on a continuum of moment conditions, adding a continuum of spanning functions does not pose any problems. As a result, we achieve ML efficiency when we use the values of conditional CF indexed by its argument as moment functions. We also introduce HAC-type estimators so that the estimation methods are not restricted to settings involving martingale difference sequences. Hence, our methods apply to Markovian and non-Markovian dynamic models. Finally, a simulated method of moments type estimator is proposed to deal with the cases where the characteristic function does not have a closed-form expression. Extensive Monte-Carlo study based on the models typically used in term-structure literature favorably documents the performance of our methodology.
An investigation of the intellectual structure of opinion mining research

Introduction. Opinion mining has been receiving increasing attention from a broad range of scientific communities since early 2000s. The present study aims to systematically investigate the intellectual structure of opinion mining research. Method. Using topic search, citation expansion, and patent search, we collected 5,596 bibliographic records of opinion mining research. Then, intellectual landscapes, emerging trends, and recent developments were identified. We also captured domain-level citation trends, subject category assignment, keyword co-occurrence, document co-citation network, and landmark articles. Analysis. Our study was guided by scientometric approaches implemented in CiteSpace, a visual analytic system based on networks of co-cited documents. We also employed a dual-map overlay technique to investigate epistemological characteristics of the domain. Results. We found that the investigation of algorithmic and linguistic aspects of opinion mining has been of the community’s greatest interest to understand, quantify, and apply the sentiment orientation of texts. Recent thematic trends reveal that practical applications of opinion mining such as the prediction of market value and investigation of social aspects of product feedback have received increasing attention from the community. Conclusion. Opinion mining is fast-growing and still developing, exploring the refinements of related techniques and applications in a variety of domains. We plan to apply the proposed analytics to more diverse domains and comprehensive publication materials to gain more generalized understanding of the true structure of a science.
Talking with patients about other clinicians' errors.

You are a young neurologist practicing in a small hospital. You admit a 55-year-old woman with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who had an embolic stroke at home. On reviewing the patient’s medical record, you notice that she appears to have been in atrial fibrillation during two electrocardiographic (ECG) tests during visits to the office of her primary care physician (PCP) for palpitations. Her PCP, an internist who provides many of your referrals, read both ECGs as normal and attributed her palpitations to “probable mitral-valve prolapse and anxiety.” The patient is currently in normal sinus rhythm. You show the internist the ECGs and express concern that they indicate atrial fibrillation. He politely disagrees and says you are confused by noise from his old ECG machine. However, when you ask two cardiologists to look at the ECGs, both immediately say “A-fib.” The internist requests that you transfer the patient to his service (see the video, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org).
Milti-party Information Systems development : the challenge of cross-boundary collaboration

IS development has always involved multiple stakeholders, but IS literature has traditionally focused on communication issues between two groups: technical developers and users. With changes in technology and the increased strategic role of IS applications, the number and diversity of stakeholders on IS projects has increased significantly. Problems of integrating the knowledge of multiple stakeholders are particularly acute in the E-commerce arena because of the novelty of this area of activity and the constant technological and business changes within it. People from diverse walks of life—business strategists, technologists, graphic designers, marketers—now need to work together to invent new E-commerce applications. In my dissertation research I conduct an ethnographic field study of a multi-party development project in an Internet consulting organization to understand how people collaborate across social boundaries to achieve results. In answering this question, I first draw on the literature of communities of practice, organizational culture, and social identity to understand the nature of social boundaries in organizations. I then use the lens of communicative genres, traditionally applied within a single community of practice, to understand the issues and conflicts that arise when different social groups have to communicate across boundaries. I then explore the role of boundary objects—shared artifacts that relate to the practices of multiple social groups—in cross-boundary communication practices. This research makes a first step towards developing an integrated perspective on how people share knowledge across boundaries by emphasizing the role of communicative norms, knowledge representations, and individual actors in cross-boundary collaboration practices.
Attributes of response in depressed patients switched to treatment with duloxetine

BACKGROUND
This study was designed to assess clinical and functional outcomes associated with switching to duloxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiencing emotional and painful physical symptoms in their current episode.


METHODS
In this 8-week, multinational, multicentre, single-arm, open-label clinical trial, 242 MDD patients were switched to duloxetine 60 mg/day after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) treatment. The primary analysis compared mean change from baseline in Brief Pain Inventory-Modified Short Form (BPI-SF) interference score between initial responders [≥ 50% reduction from baseline on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD(17)) Maier subscale] and initial non-responders after 4 weeks. Initial responders continued with duloxetine 60 mg/day. Initial non-responders received duloxetine 120 mg/day for the remaining 4 weeks. Depression, pain, anxiety and functional outcomes were also compared after 8 weeks.


RESULTS
BPI-SF interference decreased from baseline in initial responders (n = 108) and initial non-responders (n = 85) after 4 weeks of duloxetine treatment, with greater reductions in initial responders [BPI-SF mean difference in reduction: 1.01 (95% CI 0.42-1.61); p < 0.001]. Reductions in pain interference favouring initial responders were also apparent after 8 weeks [0.68 (95% CI: 0.03-1.33); p = 0.042]. Depression, pain, anxiety and function improved over 8 weeks across patient groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Elements of core mood and pain are important residual symptoms following poor treatment response in MDD. Early improvement in these symptoms after switching to duloxetine indicated an increased chance of functional recovery.
Microstructure formation in electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers with GMR effect: Influence of current density during magnetic layer deposition

Abstract The influence of the current density applied during deposition of magnetic layers on the microstructure formation in electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers and on their giant magnetoresistance was investigated using a combination of magnetoresistance measurements, wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. The magnetoresistance measurements revealed that a reduction in the current density stimulates a transition from the formation of the magnetic layers with predominantly ferromagnetic character to the formation of superparamagnetic regions. As based on electrochemical considerations, it was supposed that such a change in the magnetic properties can be caused by an increased amount of Cu codeposited with Co at low current densities. It turned out from the structural studies that a pronounced segregation of Co and Cu occurs at low current densities. In accordance with their very low mutual solubility at room temperature, no atomic scale intermixing of Co and Cu could be detected. The segregation of Cu and Co was related to the fragmentation of the magnetic layers, to the enhancement of the local lattice strains, to the increase in the interface corrugations, to the partial loss of the multilayer periodicity and, finally, to the formation of Co precipitates in the Cu matrix.
Methodological assessment of economic evaluations of alcohol treatment: what is missing?

AIM
The aim of this study is to review the methodology that has been adopted in previous economic evaluations of alcohol treatment and offer research recommendations with a view to enhancing the consistency and harmonization of economic evaluations in the alcohol field.


METHODS
Published full economic evaluations of alcohol treatment were retrieved using a systematic search. The studies were analysed in terms of the identification, measurement and valuation methods used to assess the society-level consequences and the methods used to carry out the analysis of individual-level consequences and costs of the intervention. A taxonomy of alcohol-related consequences was developed and used as a framework for the methodology extraction.


RESULTS
Twenty- seven studies were selected. Almost half of the studies did not include society-level consequences in their analysis. Some consequences of alcohol treatment at a societal level, such as the impact of treatment on health-related quality of life of family and friends of the drinker, have never been considered in the economic analysis. There was no agreement regarding the individual health consequences used in the evaluations. Measures capturing life years and morbidity have not been extensively used in the alcohol field. The level of reporting treatment costs on the reviewed studies is generally well detailed.


CONCLUSION
The literature is still rather sparse in this area and further research is required to fulfil the gaps. If a common methodology is adopted in future economic evaluations of alcohol treatment, more stable cost-effectiveness estimates will be produced and informed decisions for resources allocation to alcohol treatments will be possible.
Cellular immunosuppression in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Effect of consolidation chemotherapy

The present study was designed to evaluate the chemotherapy-induced cellular immunosuppression in 20 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission and receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Peripheral blood was serially obtained from leukemic children during vincristine/cyclophosphamide/6-mercaptopurine/prednisone combined consolidation chemotherapy. The mean absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as the mean absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets (T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, and natural killer cells) from leukemic children before consolidation chemotherapy were all significantly lower than in control subjects; however, the percentages of lymphocyte subsets were similar in both groups. After consolidation chemotherapy, the percentages of CD4+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were significantly decreased and the percentages of monocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly increased. Phytohemagglutinin- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and NK-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also substantially decreased in the post-therapy groups. NK activity correlated with the percentage of NK cells in PBMC. In contrast, OK432-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and killer activity against NK-resistant target cells were significantly increased after therapy as compared with the pre-therapy and control groups. TNFα production correlated with the percentage of monocytes in PBMC. These results demonstrate that substantial quantitative and qualitative chemotherapy-induced abnormalities of the cellular immune system are present in the majority of patients treated with ALL. It is also suggested that the increased TNFα production by monocytes and the appearance of potent killing activity against NK-resistant targets might compensate for the defects of IL-2 production and NK activity during intensive consolidation chemotherapy.
Reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation

Reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation Eliakimu Zahabu, Margaret M. Skutsch, Hussein Sosovele and Rogers E. Malimbwi Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania, Technology and Sustainable Development Group, Centre for Clean Technology and Environmental Policy, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands and Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Combining intermediate propositional logics with classical logic

In [17], we introduced a modal logic, called $L$, which combines intuitionistic propositional logic $IPC$ and classical propositional logic $CPC$ and is complete w.r.t. an algebraic semantics. However, $L$ seems to be too weak for Kripke-style semantics. In this paper, we add positive and negative introspection and show that the resulting logic $L5$ has a Kripke semantics. For intermediate logics $I$, we consider the parametrized versions $L5(I)$ of $L5$ where $IPC$ is replaced by $I$. $L5(I)$ can be seen as a classical modal logic for the reasoning about truth in $I$. From our results, we derive a simple method for determining algebraic and Kripke semantics for some specific intermediate logics. We discuss some examples which are of interest for Computer Science, namely the Logic of Here-and-There, G\"odel-Dummett Logic and Jankov Logic. Our method provides new proofs of completeness theorems due to Hosoi, Dummett/Horn and Jankov, respectively.
Recognition of Multiple-Food Images by Detecting Candidate Regions

In this paper, we propose a two-step method to recognize multiple-food images by detecting candidate regions with several methods and classifying them with various kinds of features. In the first step, we detect several candidate regions by fusing outputs of several region detectors including Felzenszwalb's deformable part model (DPM) [1], a circle detector and the JSEG region segmentation. In the second step, we apply a feature-fusion-based food recognition method for bounding boxes of the candidate regions with various kinds of visual features including bag-of-features of SIFT and CSIFT with spatial pyramid (SP-BoF), histogram of oriented gradient (HoG), and Gabor texture features. In the experiments, we estimated ten food candidates for multiple-food images in the descending order of the confidence scores. As results, we have achieved the 55.8% classification rate, which improved the baseline result in case of using only DPM by 14.3 points, for a multiple-food image data set. This demonstrates that the proposed two-step method is effective for recognition of multiple-food images.
B-SCP: A requirements analysis framework for validating strategic alignment of organizational IT based on strategy, context, and process

Ensuring that organizational IT is in alignment with and provides support for an organization’s business strategy is critical to business success. Despite this, business strategy and strategic alignment issues are all but ignored in the requirements engineering research literature. We present B-SCP, a requirements engineering framework for organizational IT that directly addresses an organization’s business strategy and the alignment of IT requirements with that strategy. B-SCP integrates the three themes of strategy, context, and process using a requirements engineering notation for each theme. We demonstrate a means of cross-referencing and integrating the notations with each other, enabling explicit traceability between business processes and business strategy. In addition, we show a means of defining requirements problem scope as a Jackson problem diagram by applying a business modeling framework. Our approach is illustrated via application to an exemplar. The case example demonstrates the feasibility of B-SCP, and we present a comparison with other approaches. q 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Causes of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: findings from the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto (GISSI)-3 trial.

BACKGROUND
The causes of death occurring in clinical trials of myocardial infarction (MI) are scarcely reported in the literature. The present analysis is aimed to describe the inhospital causes of death in patients with acute MI stratified to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment/no treatment, as described in the GISSI-3 trial. Furthermore, the 5-year survival analysis of GISSI-3 patients is reported.


METHODS AND RESULTS
An independent committee assigned the definition of causes of death of GISSI-3 based on clinical and/or anatomical data. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the predictors of early and late deaths. Kaplan-Meier mortality curves were used to describe the effects of ACE-I treatment on mortality on a median follow-up period of 56 months. Patients receiving lisinopril had fewer inhospital cardiac deaths than patients allocated to the no-lisinopril group (4.7% vs 5.3%, P = .052), corresponding to a 12% relative risk reduction. The risk of dying from cardiac rupture was reduced by 39% by lisinopril treatment. The improvement in survival associated with the lisinopril treatment was mainly due to a reduction in cardiac rupture, electromechanical dissociation, and pump failure occurring early (within 4 days) from the onset of MI symptoms. The beneficial effects of lisinopril observed at 6 weeks (8 fewer deaths per 1000 treated patients) were maintained up to nearly 5 years (10 fewer deaths per 1000).


CONCLUSIONS
Early administration of ACE inhibitors in unselected patients with acute MI should be considered standard therapy to reduce early deaths, specifically those due to cardiac rupture. The early beneficial effect persisted up to nearly 5 years.
Collective Learning in the Workplace: Important Knowledge Sharing Behaviours

In this paper we identify a set of learning practices adopted by knowledge workers as they learn at work. We examine how key knowledge sharing behaviours: consuming, connecting, creating and contributing knowledge, are associated with these learning practices. Each learning practice brings together a combination of these components to form a distinct learning pathway, providing a baseline for rethinking combinations of practices for more effective learning and development in the workplace. Keywords—knowledge, sharing, learning, development,
Anytime online novelty detection for vehicle safeguarding

Novelty detection is often treated as a one-class classification problem: how to segment a data set of examples from everything else that would be considered novel or abnormal. Almost all existing novelty detection techniques, however, suffer from diminished performance when the number of less relevant, redundant or noisy features increases, as often the case with high-dimensional feature spaces. Many of these algorithms are also not suited for online use, a trait that is highly desirable for many robotic applications. We present a novelty detection algorithm that is able to address this sensitivity to high feature dimensionality by utilizing prior class information within the training set. Additionally, our anytime algorithm is well suited for online use when a constantly adjusting environmental model is beneficial. We apply this algorithm to online detection of novel perception system input on an outdoor mobile robot and argue such abilities could be key in increasing the real-world applications and impact of mobile robotics1.
Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution: patterned lichen planopilaris or androgenetic alopecia with a lichenoid tissue reaction pattern?

BACKGROUND
Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by a defined area of progressive nonscarring alopecia. The clinical and histological findings in 15 women and 4 men with progressive scarring alopecia in a pattern distribution were studied. The results were evaluated and compared with clinicopathologic entities that feature scarring of the central scalp area, specifically, lichen planopilaris, pseudopelade, and follicular degeneration syndrome.


OBSERVATIONS
Patients developed progressive fibrosing alopecia of the central scalp, without the multifocal areas of involvement typical of lichen planopilaris and pseudopelade. Perifollicular erythema, follicular keratosis, and loss of follicular orifices were limited to a patterned area of involvement. Biopsy specimens of early lesions demonstrated hair follicle miniaturization and a lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate targeting the upper follicle region. Advanced lesions showed perifollicular lamellar fibrosis and completely fibrosed follicular tracts indistinguishable from end-stage lichen planopilaris, pseudopelade, or follicular degeneration syndrome.


CONCLUSIONS
Some patients with androgenetic alopecia might have additional clinical and histological features of inflammation and fibrosis limited to the area of androgenetic hair loss. In these patients, the histological findings of early lesions are identical to those seen in lichen planopilaris. The lichenoid tissue reaction leading to follicular destruction in these patients might be pathogenetically related to the events underlying androgenetic alopecia.
Process Algebra with Recursive Operations

3 Axiomatisation of the Binary Kleene Star 15 3.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2 Completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3 Irredundancy of the Axioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4 Negative Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.5 Extensions of BPA(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
SciDB: A Database Management System for Applications with Complex Analytics

A description and discussion of the SciDB database management system focuses on lessons learned, application areas, performance comparisons against other solutions, and additional approaches to managing data and complex analytics.