LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A STIGMERGY-BASED PARADIGM FOR MISSION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING OF MULTIPLE SPACECRAFT

Missions involving multiple spacecraft, autonomously working together, have become of great interest in the last decade as they offer a number of scientific and engineering advantages. This trend is responsible for an increasing demand on mission planning & scheduling systems able to coordinate the different spacecraft and to allocate tasks amongst them. New approaches are therefore needed to handle this new level of complexity, combining together autonomous solutions for the ground and space segment. In this paper we explore the potentiality of SelfOrganizing Multi Agent Systems and Swarm Intelligence to develop a distributed coordination architecture based on the principle of Stigmergy. We start presenting a previously proposed architecture where Stigmergy has been used to achieve self-organizing coordination among a constellation of satellites [17]. We then introduce a new architecture where Stigmergy will play a key role in the decision process of each agent. Such a solution is based on the Polyagent paradigm proposed by Parunak and Brueckner [12] where advantages of reactive coordination are combined with optimization properties [1] similarly exploited by algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization. After outlining the general system, we show how this system can be applied to a specific case study designed considering the NigeriaSat-2 satellite (produced by Surrey Satellite Technology Limited SSTL), due to be launched in June 2011). This satellite will be part of Disaster Monitoring Constellation DMC. In order to demonstrate the planning & scheduling capabilities of our system, the case study focuses on the imaging campaign planning problem associated to NigeriaSat-2. We shall outline the extension to the whole DMC constellation to show the coordination benefits of our solution. The paper presents some preliminary results on the NigeriaSat-2 case study and proposes the future directions.
sCD95L in serum after spinal cord injury

Study design:A prospective observational study reporting correlation between sCD95L (serum cluster of differentiation 95 ligand) serum levels and remission after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Objectives:To describe the correlation between sCD95L serum levels and remission after traumatic SCI in a human protocol compared with animal studies.Setting:Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany.Methods:We included 45 patients with traumatic SCI. According to their neurological outcome, patients were divided into two groups, patients with (G1, n=26) and without (G2, n=19) remission. Blood was collected on post-admission and according to a fixed scheme, that is, after 4, 9, 12 h, 1, 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks.Results:By comparing G1 with G2, we found a correlation between neurological remission and sCD95L serum concentrations. Consistently elevated levels of sCD95L in G1 between 9 h and 1 month after injury show significantly differing values 7 days after injury. This indicates a correlation between patients with clinically documented neurological remission and elevated sCD95L serum concentrations.Conclusions:In opposite to animal studies, our patients with neurological remission show on average higher levels of sCD95L compared with patients without. Therefore, spinal cord-injured patients would probably not profit from neutralizing CD95L. Our results present that the transfer of findings from animal studies to humans must always be considered critically. We were able to show that peripheral serum cytokine expression is suitable to state processes after SCI in humans.
Emerging trends in business analytics

The goal is business effectiveness through 'verticalization,' usability, and integration with operational systems.
Cisapride and dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed emesis after cisplatin administration

 Management of delayed emesis (DE) remains unsatisfactory, and only 50% of the patients achieve complete protection. Cisapride is a strong prokinetic gastrointestinal drug that could have a role in the prevention of DE. We enrolled 31 adult naive outpatients who were scheduled to receive cisplatin chemotherapy at doses of ≥75 mg/m2. All patients received the same prophylactic treatment for acute emesis (20 mg dexamethasone and 8 mg ondansetron i.v.) and, as preventive therapy for DE, oral cisapride, 10 mg every 8 h on days 2–4, combined with dexamethasone i.m., 8 mg twice daily on days 2 and 3, and 4 mg twice daily on day 4. All patients were evaluable for activity. Complete protection from acute vomiting was 80.7%, from nausea 71% and from nausea/vomiting 64.5%. The overall protection from DE (days 2–4) was 74.1% for vomiting, 64.5% for nausea and 58% for nausea/vomiting. In our study the combination of cisapride and dexamethasone was effective, giving 58% of complete protection from DE, and it is therefore worthy of further studies.
Palaeoclimate: Snowball climate conundrum

Evidence for a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth in the sedimentary record has been controversial. A weathered horizon preserved in sedimentary rocks from Svalbard may provide a rare signature of prolonged global glaciation.
Integrated DNA purification, PCR, sample cleanup, and capillary electrophoresis microchip for forensic human identification.

A fully integrated microdevice and process for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has been developed that includes sequence-specific DNA template purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), post-PCR cleanup and inline injection, and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Fragmented genomic DNA is hybridized with biotin-labeled capture oligos and pumped through a fluidized bed of magnetically immobilized streptavidin-coated beads in microchannels where the target DNA is bound to the beads. The bead-DNA conjugates are then transferred into a 250 nL PCR reactor for autosomal STR amplification using one biotin and one fluorescence-labeled primer. The resulting biotin-labeled PCR products are electrophoretically injected through a streptavidin-modified capture gel where they are captured to form a concentrated and purified injection plug. The thermally released sample plug is injected into a 14 cm long CE column for fragment separation and detection. The DNA template capture efficiency provided by the on-chip sequence-specific template purification is determined to be 5.4% using K562 standard DNA. This system can produce full 9-plex STR profiles from 2.5 ng input standard DNA and obtain STR profiles from oral swabs in about 3 hours. This fully integrated microsystem with sample-in-answer-out capability is a significant advance in the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable micro-total analysis systems for on-site human identification.
Psychoactive constituents of cannabis and their clinical implications: a systematic review.

Objective This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on which naturally present cannabinoids contribute to cannabis psychoactivity, considering their reported concentrations and pharmacodynamics in humans. Design Following PRISMA guidelines, papers published before March 2016 in Medline, Scopus-Elsevier, Scopus, ISI-Web of Knowledge and COCHRANE, and fulfilling established a-priori selection criteria have been included. Results In 40 original papers, three naturally present cannabinoids (∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, ∆-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol) and one human metabolite (11-OH-THC) had clinical relevance. Of these, the metabolite produces the greatest psychoactive effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is not psychoactive but plays a modulating role on cannabis psychoactive effects. The proportion of 9-THC in plant material is higher (up to 40%) than in other cannabinoids (up to 9%). Pharmacodynamic reports vary due to differences in methodological aspects (doses, administration route and volunteers' previous experience with cannabis). Conclusions Findings reveal that 9-THC contributes the most to cannabis psychoactivity. Due to lower psychoactive potency and smaller proportions in plant material, other psychoactive cannabinoids have a weak influence on cannabis final effects. Current lack of standard methodology hinders homogenized research on cannabis health effects. Working on a standard cannabis unit considering 9-THC is recommended.
Using mobile beacons to locate sensors in obstructed environments

Locating sensors in an indoor environment is a challenging problem due to the insufficient distance measurements caused by short ultrasound range and the incorrect distance measurements caused by multipath effect of ultrasound. In this paper, we propose a virtual ruler approach, in which a vehicle equipped with multiple ultrasound beacons travels around the area to measure distances between pairwise sensors. Virtual Ruler can not only obtain sufficient distances between pairwise sensors, but can also eliminate incorrect distances in the distance measurement phase of sensor localization. We propose to measure the distance between pairwise sensors from multiple perspectives using the virtual ruler and filter incorrect values through a statistical approach. By assigning measured distances with confidence values, the localization algorithm can intelligently localize each sensor based on high confidence distances, which greatly improves localization accuracy. Our performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach can achieve better localization results than previous approaches in an indoor
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in black poplar (Populus nigra L.)

Using an enrichment procedure, we have cloned and sequenced microsatellite loci from black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and developed primers for sequence-tagged microsatellite (STMS) analysis. Twelve primer pairs for dinucleotide repeats produced fragments of sufficient quality which were polymorphic in P. nigra. Some of them also showed amplification in other Populus species (P. deltoides, P. tricocarpa, P. tremula, P. tremuloides, P. candicans, and/or P. lasiocarpa). The best nine and (GT) (GA) microsatellite markers were tested on a set of 23 P. nigra genotypes from all over Europe. The microsatellites were highly polymorphic, with 10–19 different alleles per microsatellite locus among these 23 genotypes. WPMS08 sometimes amplified three fragments. Using the other eight marker loci, the level of heterozygosity among the plants was on average 0.71 (range 0.25–1.00). The microsatellite markers developed will be useful for screening the genetic diversity in natural populations and in gene bank collections.
Bridging UPnP and ZigBee with CoAP: protocol and its performance evaluation

Incorporation of heterogeneous wireless sensor and actuator networks (WS&AN) is an essential challenge of web based Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. We propose to use UPnP and end-to-end HTTP communication using CoAP to bridge WS&AN and IoT system. UPnP enables automatic discovery of sensor devices which directly connect to a WS&AN via a gateway. Instead of translating WS&AN and UPnP protocols at the gateway, we propose to use CoAP in WS&AN. This provides flexible communications between sensor devices and applications. Drawback of this end-to-end Web based IoT information system is vulnerability to excessive traffics from sensor devices or from the applications because there is no authority to monitor and control traffics in the architecture. We examined the performance of our implementations to find that the transmit performance of a single sensor device could be limited by the serial communications of embedded transceiver. Excessive data requests from applications might also result in the packet loss and wasteful WS&AN congestion. If the traffic is confined within the performance limits, the implemented UPnP and ZigBee bridging using CoAP shows satisfactory performance. We can subscribe up to 16 sensor devices data with 500 msec using simple HTTP POST requests.
Fingerprint Matching using Gabor Filters

We present a fingerprint matching scheme that utilizes a ridge feature map to match fingerprint images. The technique described here obviates the need for extracting minutiae points to match fingerprint images. The proposed scheme uses a set of 16 Gabor filters, whose spatial frequencies correspond to the average inter-ridge spacing in fingerprints, is used to capture the ridge strength at equally spaced orientations. A circular tessellation of filtered image is then used to construct the ridge feature map. This ridge feature map contains both global and local details in a fingerprint as a compact fixed length feature vector. The fingerprint matching is based on the Euclidean distance between two corresponding feature vectors. The genuine accept rate of the Gabor filter based matcher is observed to be ~ 10% to 15% higher than that of minutiae-based matcher at low false accept rates. Fingerprint feature extraction and matching takes ~ 7.1 seconds on a Pentium IV, 2.4 GHz processor.
A universal method for designing low-power carbon nanotube FET-based multiple-valued logic circuits

This study presents new low-power multiple-valued logic (MVL) circuits for nanoelectronics. These carbon nanotube field effect transistor (FET) (CNTFET)-based MVL circuits are designed based on the unique characteristics of the CNTFET device such as the capability of setting the desired threshold voltages by adopting correct diameters for the nanotubes as well as the same carrier mobility for the Pand N-type devices. These characteristics make CNTFETs very suitable for designing high-performance multiple-Vth circuits. The proposed MVL circuits are designed based on the conventional CMOS architecture and by utilising inherently binary gates. Moreover, each of the proposed CNTFET-based ternary circuits includes all the possible types of ternary logic, that is, negative, positive and standard, in one structure. The method proposed in this study is a universal technique for designing MVL logic circuits with any arbitrary number of logic levels, without static power dissipation. The results of the simulations, conducted using Synopsys HSPICE with 32 nm-CNTFET technology, demonstrate improvements in terms of power consumption, energy efficiency, robustness and specifically static power dissipation with respect to the other state-of-the-art ternary and quaternary circuits.
Quantum field description of the finite-width effects

The model of unstable particles with random mass is suggested to describe the finite-width effects. The phenomenological manifestation of mass smearing is discussed in the framework of the model.
Idiosyncratic Risk Matters

This paper takes a new look at the tradeoff between risk and return in the stock market. We find a significant positive relation between average stock variance and the return on the market. There is, therefore, a tradeoff between risk and return in the stock market, except that risk is measured as total risk, including idiosyncratic risk, rather than only systematic risk. Further, we find that the variance of the market by itself has no forecasting power for the market return. These relations persist after we control for macroeconomic variables known to forecast the stock market. We show that idiosyncratic risk explains most of the variation of average stock risk through time and it is idiosyncratic risk that drives the forecastability of the stock market. ∗We thank Rob Arnott, Michael Brandt, Shingo Goto, Ludger Hentschel, Monika Piazzesi, Martin Schneider, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, Walter Torous, Rossen Valkanov, and especially John Campbell and Richard Roll, for their comments and suggestions. We have benefited from the comments of seminar participants at the Berkeley Program in Finance, NBER Behavioral Finance Meeting, UCLA, and University of Rochester. †Anderson Graduate School of Management at UCLA, 110 Westwood Plaza, Box 951481, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481, Phone: (310) 825-8160, E-mail: amit.goyal@anderson.ucla.edu. ‡Anderson Graduate School of Management at UCLA, 110 Westwood Plaza, Box 951481, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481, Phone: (310) 206-6077, E-mail: pedro.santa-clara@anderson.ucla.edu. Idiosyncratic Risk Matters!
Magnetic resonance perfusion measurements for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND
With MRI, an index of myocardial perfusion reserve (MPRI) can be determined. We assessed the value of this technique for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with suspected CAD.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Eighty-four patients referred for a primary diagnostic coronary angiography were examined with a 1.5 T MRI tomograph (Philips-ACS). For each heartbeat, 5 slices were acquired during the first pass of 0.025 mmol gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid/kg body weight before and during adenosine vasodilation by using a turbo-gradient echo/echo-planar imaging-hybrid sequence. MPRI was determined from the alteration of the upslope of the myocardial signal intensity curves for 6 equiangular segments per slice. Receiver operating characteristics were performed for different criteria to differentiate ischemic and nonischemic segments. Prevalence of CAD was 51%. Best results were achieved when only the 3 inner slices were assessed and a threshold value of 1.1 was used for the second smallest value as a marker for significant CAD. This approach yielded a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 89%.


CONCLUSIONS
The determination of MPRI with MRI yields a high diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected CAD.
Cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) hepatocytes for subsequent culture and protein synthesis studies

A method is described for the preservation and subsequent recovery of hepatocytes obtained by collagenase perfusion of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca, fascicularis) livers. The fresh cells are suspended in fetal bovine serum containing 10% dimethylsulfoxide and, using a microprocessor-controlled, liquid nitrogen freezing chamber and a specific cooling protocol, processed in such a way that they can be stored in liquid nitrogen for several months and still restored to active culture. When the cryopreserved cells were established in culture they were found to actively synthesize and secrete both albumin and apolipoprotein A-I. That, taken together with morphologic evidence, was viewed as indication that the cells recovered in culture were in fact hepatocytes and not some other cell type from the monkey liver. The availability of this procedure for storing hepatocytes should contribute significantly to the efficient use of nonhuman primates as models with which to study hepatic metabolism.
Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibition by TA-8995 in patients with mild dyslipidaemia (TULIP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

BACKGROUND
Dyslipidaemia remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and additional lipid-modifying treatments are warranted to further decrease the cardiovascular disease burden. We assessed the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a novel cholesterol esterase transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor TA-8995 in patients with mild dyslipidaemia.


METHODS
In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 2 trial, we recruited patients (aged 18-75 years) from 17 sites (hospitals and independent clinical research organisations) in the Netherlands and Denmark with fasting LDL cholesterol levels between 2·5 mmol/L and 4·5 mmol/L, HDL cholesterol levels between 0·8 and 1·8 mmol/L and triglyceride levels below 4·5 mmol/L after washout of lipid-lowering treatments. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) by a computer-generated randomisation schedule to receive one of the following nine treatments: a once a day dose of 1 mg, 2·5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg TA-8995 or matching placebo; 10 mg TA-8995 plus 20 mg atorvastatin; 10 mg TA-8995 plus 10 mg rosuvastatin or 20 mg atorvastatin or 10 mg rosuvastatin alone. We overencapsulated statins to achieve masking. The primary outcome was percentage change in LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from baseline at week 12, analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01970215.


FINDINGS
Between Aug 15, 2013, and Jan 10, 2014, 364 patients were enrolled. At week 12, LDL cholesterol levels were reduced by 27·4% in patients assigned to the 1 mg dose, 32·7% in patients given the 2·5 mg dose, 45·3% in those given the 5 mg dose, and 45·3% in those given the 10 mg dose (p<0·0001). LDL cholesterol levels were reduced by 68·2% in patients given 10 mg TA-8995 plus atorvastatin, and by 63·3% in patients given rosuvastatin plus 10 mg TA-8995 (p<0·0001). A daily dose of 1 mg TA-8995 increased HDL cholesterol levels by 75·8%, 2·5 mg by 124·3%, 5 mg by 157·1%, and 10 mg dose by 179·0% (p<0·0001). In patients receiving 10 mg TA-8995 and 20 mg atorvastatin HDL cholesterol levels increased by 152·1% and in patients receiving 10 mg TA-8995 and 10 mg rosuvastatin by 157·5%. We recorded no serious adverse events or signs of liver or muscle toxic effects.


INTERPRETATION
TA-8995, a novel CETP inhibitor, is well tolerated and has beneficial effects on lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with mild dyslipidaemia. A cardiovascular disease outcome trial is needed to translate these effects into a reduction of cardiovascular disease events.


FUNDING
Dezima.
Detecting Behavior Anomalies in Graphical User Interfaces

When interacting with user interfaces, do users always get what they expect? For each user interface element in thousands of Android apps, we extracted the Android APIs they invoke as well as the text shown on their screen. This association allows us to detect outliers: User interface elements whose text, context or icon suggests one action, but which actually are tied to other actions. In our evaluation of tens of thousands of UI elements, our BACKSTAGE prototype discovered misleading random UI elements with an accuracy of 73%.
Melt Pool Temperature Control for Laser Metal Deposition Processes—Part II: Layer-to-Layer Temperature Control

Melt pool temperature is of great importance to deposition quality in Laser Metal Deposition processes. To control the melt pool temperature, an empirical process model describing the relationship between the temperature and process parameters (i.e., laser power, powder flow rate, and traverse speed) is established and verified experimentally. A general tracking controller using the Internal Model Principle is then designed. To examine the controller performance, three sets of experiments tracking both constant and time-varying temperature references are conducted. The results show the melt pool temperature controller performs well in tracking both constant and time-varying temperature references even when process parameters vary significantly. However an experiment of multi-layer deposition indicates that maintaining a constant melt pool temperature does not necessarily lead to uniform track morphology, which is an important criteria for deposition quality. The reason is determined to be that different melt pool sizes may have the same temperature depending on the dynamic balance of heat input and heat loss.