LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of coronary heart disease among medical students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND
Nowadays, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) represents an escalating worldwide public health problem. Providing consistent data on the magnitude and risk factors of CVDs among young population will help in controlling the risks and avoiding their consequences.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) among medical students during their clinical clerkship (4th - 6th years).


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was done during the educational year 2012-2013 at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah. Ethical standards were followed and a multistage stratified random sample method was used for selection of 214 medical students. Data was collected through an interviewing questionnaire, measurements and laboratory investigations. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were done by SPSS version 21. CHD risk percent in thirty years was calculated using Framingham algorithm for each student, then the risk among all students was determined.


RESULTS
The commonest risk factors of CHDs were daily intake of high fat diet (73.4%), physical inactivity (57.9%), overweight/or obesity (31.2%) and daily consumption of fast food (13.1%). Hyper-cholesterolemia (17.2%) and hypertension (9.3%) were also prevalent risk factors. Smoking prevalence was low (2.8%). Males had significantly higher mean scores for most of CHD risk factors compared to females (p < 0.05). Systolic Blood pressure was higher among males (119.47 ± 11.17) compared to females (112.26 ± 9.06). A highly statistical significant difference was present (Students't test = 4.74, p < 0.001). Framingham Risk Score revealed that CHD risk percent in thirty-years among all students was 10.7%, 2.3% and 0.5% for mild, moderate and severe risk, respectively.


CONCLUSION
An alarmingly high prevalence of CHD risk factors was prevailed among medical students, especially among males. However, a low prevalence of smoking may indicate the success of "Smoke-free Campus" program. Screening risk factors of CHD among medical students and implementation of intervention programs are recommended. Programs to raise awareness about CHD risk factors, encourage young adult students to adopt a healthy dietary behavior and promote physical exercise should be initiated.
AN AUTOMATED AND INTEGRATED MONITORING PROGRAM FOR DIAMOND VALLEY LAKE IN CALIFORNIA

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has constructed a new reservoir, Diamond Valley Lake, near Hemet, California. This project includes three large earth/rock dams of 2.9 km, 3.2 km and 0.8 km lengths, up to 85 m high, enclosing a valley approximately 7.2 km long and 3.2 km wide. When filling is complete, the reservoir will hold over 986 million cubic metres of water. A plan was developed to monitor the effects of reservoir and dam loads on the dams and their foundations to ensure that any adverse conditions that develop during operation, and especially during initial filling, are detected as soon as possible. Since Diamond Valley Lake is located in a seismically active area, the dam deformation monitoring (DDM) program is supplemented by an on-site GPS area monitoring network that is connected to the continuously operating (GPS) reference stations (CORS) of Southern California crustal motion monitoring system. The DDM plan, in addition to routine visual inspection, consists of: • geotechnical monitoring instrumentation consisting of piezometers, strong motion accelerographs, weirs, inclinometers, and extensometers, supported by the Automated Data Acquisition System (ADAS); • a real-time GPS monitoring system; and, • an automated terrestrial geodetic monitoring system consisting of eight permanently installed robotic total stations and an array of 228 prisms mounted on the faces of the monitored structures. The geodetic DDM system detects displacements larger than 10 mm at the 95% confidence level. The total stations are remotely operated and automatically collect three-dimensional positioning data on a set time schedule from which displacements are determined and plotted. The collection and analysis of the geodetic data is accomplished in a fully automatic mode by DIMONS software developed at the University of New Brunswick. The automatic monitoring system has been fully operational since October 2000. Paper presented at: 10 FIG Intl. Symp. On Deformation Measurements, Orange, CA March 19-22, 2001 http://ccge.unb.ca 2
Military Sexual Trauma Among Homeless Veterans

Military sexual trauma (MST) is the Veteran Health Administration’s (VHA) term for sexual assault and/or sexual harassment that occurs during military service. The experience of MST is associated with a variety of mental health conditions. Preliminary research suggests that MST may be associated with homelessness among female Veterans, although to date MST has not been examined in a national study of both female and male homeless Veterans. To estimate the prevalence of MST, examine the association between MST and mental health conditions, and describe mental health utilization among homeless women and men. National, cross-sectional study of 126,598 homeless Veterans who used VHA outpatient care in fiscal year 2010. All variables were obtained from VHA administrative databases, including MST screening status, ICD-9-CM codes to determine mental health diagnoses, and VHA utilization. Of homeless Veterans in VHA, 39.7 % of females and 3.3 % of males experienced MST. Homeless Veterans who experienced MST demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of almost all mental health conditions examined as compared to other homeless women and men, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, bipolar disorders, personality disorders, suicide, and, among men only, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Nearly all homeless Veterans had at least one mental health visit and Veterans who experienced MST utilized significantly more mental health visits compared to Veterans who did not experience MST. A substantial proportion of homeless Veterans using VHA services have experienced MST, and those who experienced MST had increased odds of mental health diagnoses. Homeless Veterans who had experienced MST had higher intensity of mental health care utilization and high rates of MST-related mental health care. This study highlights the importance of trauma-informed care among homeless Veterans and the success of VHA homeless programs in providing mental health care to homeless Veterans.
Proof Theory and Post-turing Analysis

Traditional proof theory and Post-Turing computability are parts of discrete mathematics, whereas traditional analysis deals with non-discrete objects like real numbers and related topological notions. On the other hand, familiar mathematical proofs very often use methods of (functional) analysis which are compatible with functional formalizations of Post-Turing computability. We elaborate these connections with regard to the polynomial-time computability.
Electroencephalographic Assessment of Player Experience: A Pilot Study in Affective Ludology

Psychophysiological methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG), provide reliable high-resolution measurements of affective player experience. In this article, the authors present a psychophysiological pilot study and its initial results to solidify a research approach they call affective ludology, a research area concerned with the physiological measurement of affective responses to player-game interaction. The study investigates the impact of level design on brainwave activity measured with EEG and on player experience measured with questionnaires. The goal of the study was to investigate cognition, emotion, and player behavior from a psychological perspective. For this purpose, a methodology for assessing gameplay experience with subjective and objective measures was developed extending prior work in physiological measurements of affect in digital gameplay. The authors report the result of this pilot study, the impact of three different level design conditions (boredom, immersion, and flow) on EEG, and subjective indicators of gameplay experience. Results from the subjective gameplay experience questionnaire support the validity of our level design hypotheses. Patterns of EEG spectral power show that the immersion-level design elicits more activity in the theta band, which may support a relationship between virtual spatial navigation or exploration and theta activity. The research shows that facets of gameplay experience can be assessed with affective ludology measures, such as EEG, in which cognitive and affective patterns emerge from different level designs. 1University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 2University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany 3Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden Corresponding Author: Lennart E. Nacke, Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9 Email: Lennart.Nacke@acm.org
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Melasma

Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin [1], a symmetric hypermelanosis, characterized by irregular light to gray brown macules. Melasma comes from the Greek word melas [= black color), formerly known as Chloasma, another Greek word meaning green color, even though the term was more often used for melasma cases during pregnancy. It is considered to be part of a large group of facial melanosis, such as Riehl’s melanosis, Lichen planuspigmentous, erythema dyschromicumperstans, erythrosis and poikiloderma of Civatte [2]. Hyperpigmented macules and patches are most commonly developed in the sun-exposed areas of the skin [3]. Melasma is considered to be a chronic acquired hypermelanosis of the skin [4], with poorly understood pathogenesis [5]. The increased pigmentation and the photo damaged features that characterize melasma include solar elastosis, even though the main pathogenesis still remains unknown [6].
Immunopathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most frequent glomerular disease in children. The mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology have been investigated by genetic, cellular and molecular approaches. While genetic analyses have provided new insights into disease pathogenesis through the discovery of several podocyte genes mutated in distinct forms of inherited nephrotic syndrome, the molecular bases of minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with relapse remain unclear. The immune system seems to play a critical role in the active phase of this disease through disturbances involving several cell subsets, mainly T cells. The innate immune system may also contribute to the immune disorders. In this review, we discuss recent insights from the molecular and immunological findings and their significance in the context of the clinical course of the disease.
Early Electroencephalographic Findings Correlate With Neurologic Outcome in Children Following Cardiac Arrest.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the clinical and electroencephalographic findings associated with prognosis in nonneonate children following cardiac arrest.


DESIGN
Retrospective observational study.


SETTING
PICU and cardiac ICU.


PATIENTS
Nonneonate children with a history of cardiac arrest more than 2 minutes.


INTERVENTIONS
Electroencephalographic monitoring within 72 hours of return of spontaneous circulation.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Clinical and features, neurophysiologic data, and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scores were collected. Electroencephalographic traces were reviewed in a blinded manner, all seizures and electroencephalographic findings noted, and the electroencephalography was scored at 1 hour, 24 hours, and continuous electroencephalographic end. Discrete data regarding specific characteristics of the electroencephalographic background and seizures were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations between clinical variables, electroencephalographic findings, and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score at hospital discharge. Multivariate analysis of 73 children revealed duration of cardiac arrest less than 20 minutes or continuous electroencephalographic background activity within 12 hours postreturn of spontaneous circulation were associated with good short term neurologic outcome. Change in electroencephalographic background score over time and electroencephalographic data collected after the initial hour were not associated with outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
Following pediatric cardiac arrest, an initially normal electroencephalography or generalized slowing of the electroencephalographic background was associated with good neurologic outcome at hospital discharge.
Stakeholder Theory and "The Corporate Objective Revisited"

Stakeholder theory begins with the assumption that values are necessarily and explicitly a part of doing business. It asks managers to articulate the shared sense of the value they create, and what brings its core stakeholders together. It also pushes managers to be clear about how they want to do business, specifically what kinds of relationships they want and need to create with their stakeholders to deliver on their purpose. This paper offers a response to Sundaram and Inkpen’s article “The Corporate Objective Revisited” by clarifying misconceptions about stakeholder theory and concluding that truth and freedom are best served by seeing business and ethics as connected.
Condition based management of gas turbine engine using neural networks

____________________________________________________________________________________________ Accurate prognostic models capable of predicting the performance degradation of the industrial gas turbine are critical for improving plant profitability, by reducing the cost of energy production and contributing to a cleaner environment. The main focus of this research work is to develop an accurate steady state prognostic model to predict the performance degradation of gas turbine compressor using Artificial Intelligence. The data for this research work have been taken from the gas turbine operating in a combined cycle power plant using natural gas. As a part of this research, the following works have been done. Thermodynamic models are developed to find out gas turbine health indicating parameters like polytropic and isentropic efficiencies of compressor, gross thermal efficiency, heat rate, compressor pressure ratio and air flow rate. Various gas turbine operating parameters, design parameters and different thermodynamic tables are used in these models to determine the gas turbine health indicating parameters, since they are not measured directly. Gas turbine performance depends not only on component degradation, but also on the ambient condition, load level, fuel type and specific installation hardware such as inlet and outlet ducting. In order to identify the real component’s degradation, methodology to correct the data to the reference ambient condition has been incorporated into the developed models. The ISO standard recommends the user to use the correction factors given by the gas turbine supplier for the gas turbines used for the constant speed application, whereas it provides standard correction formula for the gas turbines used for variable speed application. This recommendation is mainly to avoid the dispute between the seller and buyer in meeting the guaranteed power output and heat rate. The thermodynamic models are developed based on both the supplier and the standard correction methodologies in order to find out their effects on the long term trending of the gas turbine health indicating parameters and also to make the developed model more generic, i.e. applicable to variable speed gas turbines also. These corrected gas turbine health indicating parameters are then compared with the non degraded values. Non degraded gas turbine data are based on gas turbine performance acceptance tests performed immediately after commissioning, i.e. when the condition of the gas turbine is clean and good. But the performance acceptance tests have been conducted for 60%, 85%, 93% and 100% loads only. In order to determine the gas turbine health indicating parameters for the intermediate loads ranging from 60% to 100%, the curve fitting technique has been used to find out the best suitable curve and its equation for the performance tests readings. Condition based management of gas turbine engine using neural networks i ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Response rates to a mailed survey targeting childhood cancer survivors: a comparison of conditional versus unconditional incentives.

OBJECTIVE
Mailed surveys are widely used to collect epidemiologic and health service data. Given that nonresponse can threaten the validity of surveys, modest incentives are often used to increase response rates. A study was undertaken among childhood cancer survivors and their parents to determine if response rate to a mailed survey differed with provision of immediate versus delayed incentives.


DESIGN
A self-administered survey designed to ascertain health behaviors was mailed to 397 childhood cancer survivors (and their parents if the survivor was <18 years of age). Subjects were randomized into two groups based on gender, age, race, and cancer type. One group received a 10 US dollars incentive with their blank survey (unconditional incentive), whereas the other group received the incentive upon receipt of their completed survey (conditional incentive). If children were minors, both the parent and the child received incentives.


RESULTS
No significant differences in response rates were observed with respect to gender, age, race, or cancer type. However, significant differences in response rates were observed between incentive groups, with unconditional incentives yielding significantly higher response rates than conditional incentives for child survivors who were > or =18 years (64.4% versus 49.0%), as well as younger child survivors (62.5% versus 43.6%) and their parents (64.8% versus 41.5%; all P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The provision of an immediate incentive generated significantly higher response rates to this mailed health survey among childhood cancer survivors and their parents. Given that survey studies are commonly conducted across various pediatric populations, these findings may help inform the design of future pediatric survey research.
Psychosocial group intervention for patients with primary breast cancer: a randomised trial.

PURPOSE
To test the effectiveness of a psycho-educational group intervention to improve psychological distress measured by POMS TMD, Quality of Life measured by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the core and breast cancer module, Mental Adjustment measured by MAC and marital relationship measured by BLRI in women with primary breast cancer conducted 10 weeks after surgery. A secondary outcome was 4-year survival.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We randomly assigned 210 patients with primary breast cancer to a control or an intervention group. Patients in the intervention group were offered two weekly 6-h sessions of psycho-education and eight weekly 2-h sessions of group psychotherapy. All participants were followed up for Quality of Life, coping ability and social relations 1, 6 and 12 months after the intervention and on survival 4 years after surgical treatment.


RESULTS
No statistically significant effects of the intervention were found on any of the psychosocial questionnaire outcomes. There were not enough cases of death to analyse overall survival. The only statistically significant result was for patients who used anti depressive medication, for whom almost all measures improved over time, in both the control and intervention groups.


CONCLUSION
Psycho-education and group psychotherapy did not decrease psychological distress or increase Quality of Life, Mental Adjustment or improve marital relationship among patients with primary breast cancer.
A theoretician's guide to the experimental analysis of algorithms

of the 5th and 6th DIMACS Implementation Challenges, Goldwasser Johnson, and McGeoch (eds), American Mathematical Society, 2002. A Theoretician's Guide to the Experimental Analysis of Algorithms David S. Johnson AT&T Labs { Research http://www.research.att.com/ dsj/ November 25, 2001 Abstract This paper presents an informal discussion of issues that arise when one attempts to analyze algorithms experimentally. It is based on lessons learned by the author over the course of more than a decade of experimentation, survey paper writing, refereeing, and lively discussions with other experimentalists. Although written from the perspective of a theoretical computer scientist, it is intended to be of use to researchers from all elds who want to study algorithms experimentally. It has two goals: rst, to provide a useful guide to new experimentalists about how such work can best be performed and written up, and second, to challenge current researchers to think about whether their own work might be improved from a scienti c point of view. With the latter purpose in mind, the author hopes that at least a few of his recommendations will be considered controversial.
One-year clinical outcomes of depressed public sector outpatients: a benchmark for subsequent studies

BACKGROUND
The symptomatic outcomes of a cohort of public mental health sector depressed outpatients treated for 1 year are described to provide a benchmark for future long-term trials. Baseline moderators of outcome were evaluated.


METHODS
Outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (n = 118) scoring >/=30 on the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rating (IDS-C(30)) were treated with a medication algorithm and patient/family education package. Response and remission rates were assessed every 3 months with the IDS-C(30). Logistic regression analyses evaluated several baseline features in relation to outcome.


RESULTS
While response and remission rates increased from 3 to 12 months, the 1-year last observation carried forward (LOCF) response (26.3%) and remission (11.0%) rates were not impressive (sustained response = 14.4%; sustained remission = 5.1%). Younger patients and those with full-time employment (at baseline) were more likely to respond. A shorter length of illness tended to be associated with higher response and remission rates (p <.10). Results are generalizable to public sector patients with substantial socioeconomic, general medical, and educational disadvantages who were sufficiently depressed to recommend a change in antidepressant medication.


CONCLUSIONS
Response and remission rates were modest when compared with outcomes in shorter duration efficacy trials in depressed outpatients with less chronicity, fewer concurrent general medical conditions, and less treatment resistance. Results support the need for more powerful treatments and/or the better delivery of available treatments.