LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Osteoradionecrosis of the Ribs following Breast Radiotherapy

INTRODUCTION
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the chest wall is a rare complication after whole-breast radiotherapy (RT). Herein, we report a case of ORN involving the underlying ribs following adjuvant whole-breast RT using standard fractionation and conduct a review of the literature.


CASE REPORT
A previously well 43-year-old female with right-sided, early-stage, node-negative breast cancer was treated with breast-conserving surgery. She subsequently underwent adjuvant whole-breast RT receiving 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks using standard tangential photon fields with 6 MV photons followed by an electron boost of 10 Gy in 5 fractions according to International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU) requirements. Eleven months after RT, the patient developed right lateral chest wall pain, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating two fractures involving the underlying right fifth and sixth ribs associated with fatty marrow changes in the second to sixth ribs, thus raising the possibility of ORN. Treatments including hyperbaric oxygen, pentoxifylline and vitamin E were used with symptomatic improvements. There was demonstrable resolution on follow-up MRI at 2.5 years.


CONCLUSION
The incidence of ORN utilising modern RT techniques and standard fractionation is rare. Numerous treatments are available, with variable response rates. Emerging evidence of predictive gene profiling to estimate the risk of radiation sensitivity may assist in individualising preventative strategies to mitigate the risk of ORN.
A Predictive Model of Human Performance With Scrolling and Hierarchical Lists

Many interactive tasks in graphical user interfaces involve finding an item in a list but with the item not currently in sight. The two main ways of bringing the item into view are scrolling of one-dimensional lists and expansion of a level in a hierarchical list. Examples include selecting items in hierarchical menus and navigating through “tree” browsers to find files, folders, commands, or e-mail messages. System designers are often responsible for the structure and layout of these components, yet prior research provides conflicting results on how different structures and layouts affect user performance. For example, empirical research disagrees on whether the time to acquire targets in a scrolling list increases linearly or logarithmically with the length of the list; similarly, experiments have produced conflicting results for the comparative efficacy of “broad and shallow” versus HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION, 2009, Volume 24, pp. 273–314 Copyright © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0737-0024 print / 1532-7051 online DOI: 10.1080/07370020902990402 Andy Cockburn is a computer scientist with an interest in modeling and empirically measuring human performance with interactive systems; he is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science of the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Carl Gutwin is a computer scientist with interests in computer-supported cooperative work and a wide range of issues within human–computer interaction; he is a professor in the Department of Computer Science of the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 274 COCKBURN AND GUTWIN
Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Inclusive School Settings.

Students with ASD present unique challenges to school systems. Despite these challenges, federal laws require that schools implement research-based practices in the least restrictive environment (LRE). The LRE is often deemed to be the general education classroom and the primary intervention agent is often the classroom teacher. Ensuring students with ASD receive effective intervention in these least restrictive and inclusive school settings will depend, in part, on the extent to which teachers and school personnel are prepared to implement research-based interventions. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of research-based interventions for students with ASD. Our focus in this summary is on interventions that can be implemented in inclusive school settings by teachers and classroom support personnel. We first provide a general overview of interventions designed to reduce challenging behavior, teach communication skills, and improve social relationships. This is followed by a discussion of the obstacles to intervention implementation that may be present in school settings. Finally, we conclude by offering a list of intervention guidelines.
Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture

The traditional wisdom for building disk-based relational database management systems (DBMS) is to organize data in heavily-encoded blocks stored on disk, with a main memory block cache. In order to improve performance given high disk latency, these systems use a multi-threaded architecture with dynamic record-level locking that allows multiple transactions to access the database at the same time. Previous research has shown that this results in substantial overhead for on-line transaction processing (OLTP) applications [15]. The next generation DBMSs seek to overcome these limitations with architecture based on main memory resident data. To overcome the restriction that all data fit in main memory, we propose a new technique, called anti-caching, where cold data is moved to disk in a transactionally-safe manner as the database grows in size. Because data initially resides in memory, an anti-caching architecture reverses the traditional storage hierarchy of disk-based systems. Main memory is now the primary storage device. We implemented a prototype of our anti-caching proposal in a high-performance, main memory OLTP DBMS and performed a series of experiments across a range of database sizes, workload skews, and read/write mixes. We compared its performance with an open-source, disk-based DBMS optionally fronted by a distributed main memory cache. Our results show that for higher skewed workloads the anti-caching architecture has a performance advantage over either of the other architectures tested of up to 9⇥ for a data size 8⇥ larger than memory.
Pedestrian exposure to air pollution along a major road in Central London , UK

Pedestrian exposure to PM2.5, the loss of reflectance (‘blackness’) of the PM2.5 filters, ultrafine particle counts (particle range: 0.02–1mm) and carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated along a major road running through the DAPPLE study site in Central London, UK. During an intensive 12-day exposure measurement campaign, groups of four volunteers sampled twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon along Marylebone Road. They were randomly designated a walking direction, walking position (kerbside or buildingside) and a side of the major road to walk along. PM2.5 was sampled using high-flow gravimetric personal samplers, ultrafine particle counts were measured using TSI P-TRAKs and Langans were used to measure CO exposure. PM2.5 samples were analysed gravimetrically and reflectance was measured using a smoke stain reflectometer to obtain a measure of ‘black smoke’. In total 603 acceptable samples were obtained— 155 PM2.5 and reflectance, 120 ultrafine particle count and 173 CO. The average pedestrian exposure along the road was 37.7mg/m, 12.1m 1 10 , 80 009 pt/cm and 1.3 ppm for PM2.5, loss of reflectance, ultrafine particle counts and CO, respectively. PM2.5 exposure in the morning was significantly higher than in the afternoon, and there was a significant difference in exposure on the different sides of the road. For both reflectance and ultrafine particle counts, the exposure was significantly different both between the two walking positions on the pavement and the two sides of the street canyon. However there was no significant difference in CO exposure based on walking position, walking direction, canyon side or timing. Filter reflectance was significantly but weakly correlated with PM2.5 exposure (r 1⁄4 0:3, N 1⁄4 155), CO exposure (r 1⁄4 0:2, N 1⁄4 154) and ultrafine particle count exposure (r 1⁄4 0:7, N 1⁄4 108). PM2.5 and CO personal exposure measurements were much higher than those recorded at both the local background fixed monitoring station (FMS) and a kerbside FMS, but PM2.5 personal exposure was significantly correlated with the PM2.5 concentrations at the background FMS (r 1⁄4 0:6, N 1⁄4 155). r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Cross-cultural Examination of the Intention to Use Technology between Singaporean and Malaysian pre-service Teachers: An Application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

As computers becomes more ubiquitous in our everyday lives, educational settings are being transformed where educators and students are expected to teach and learn, using computers (Lee, 2003). This study, therefore, explored pre-service teachers’ self reported future intentions to use computers in Singapore and Malaysia. A survey methodology was employed such that validated items from past relevant research work were adopted. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), 495 completed surveys of pre-service teachers were collected from both countries. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was implemented on the data captured. This study contributes to the growing multi-cultural studies on TAM by demonstrating that perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU) and computer attitudes (CA) to be significant determinants of both Singaporean and Malaysian pre-service teachers’ behavioral intention (BI). Differences were, however, detected between Singaporean and Malaysian pre-service teachers in terms of PU, PEU and CA but no differences were detected in BI with regards to technology acceptance.
Real-time simulation of traffic demand-supply interactions within DynaMIT

DynaMIT is a simulation-based real-time system designed to estimate the current state of a transportation network, predict future tra c conditions, and provide consistent and unbiased information to travelers. To perform these tasks, e cient simulators have been designed to explicitly capture the interactions between transportation demand and supply. The demand re ects both the OD ow patterns and the combination of all the individual decisions of travelers while the supply re ects the transportation network in terms of infrastructure, tra c ow and tra c control. This paper describes the design and speci cation of these simulators, and discusses their interactions. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dpt of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cambridge, Ma. Email: mba@mit.edu Ecole Polytechnique F ed erale de Lausanne, Dpt. of Mathematics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Email: michel.bierlaire@ep .ch Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Dpt of Transportation, Cambridge, Ma. Email: koutsopoulos@volpe.dot.gov The Ohio State University, Columbus, Oh. Email: mishalani.1@osu.edu
Onset of Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic

Sediments cored along the southwestern Iberian margin during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 provide constraints on Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) circulation patterns from the Pliocene epoch to the present day. After the Strait of Gibraltar opened (5.33 million years ago), a limited volume of MOW entered the Atlantic. Depositional hiatuses indicate erosion by bottom currents related to higher volumes of MOW circulating into the North Atlantic, beginning in the late Pliocene. The hiatuses coincide with regional tectonic events and changes in global thermohaline circulation (THC). This suggests that MOW influenced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), THC, and climatic shifts by contributing a component of warm, saline water to northern latitudes while in turn being influenced by plate tectonics.
Entrepreneurial universities: emerging models in the new social and economic landscape

The purpose of this paper and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, empirical, managerial and political implications of emerging models of entrepreneurial universities in the new social and economic landscape. We accomplish this objective by examining the role of entrepreneurial universities as drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Our analysis starts with an overview by outlining an overarching framework. This allows us to highlight the contributions made in this special issue within the framework. We conclude by outlining an agenda for future research and discuss implications for university managers, policy makers, and other academic agents involved in the development of entrepreneurial/innovation ecosystems.
A Randomized Concurrent Algorithm for Disjoint Set Union

Disjoint set union is a basic problem in data structures with a wide variety of applications. We extend a known efficient sequential algorithm for this problem to obtain a simple and efficient concurrent wait-free algorithm running on an asynchronous parallel random access machine (APRAM). Crucial to our result is the use of randomization. Under a certain independence assumption, for a problem instance in which there are n elements, m operations, and l processes, our algorithm does θ(m (α{n, m/nl) + log (nl/m + 1 ))) expected work, where the expectation is over the random choices made by the algorithm and α is a functional inverse of Ackermann's function. In addition, each operation takes O(log n) steps with high probability.
 We point out some gaps in the earlier work on this problem by Anderson and Woll [1]. More importantly, our algorithm is significantly simpler than theirs. Finally, under our independence assumption our algorithm achieves speedup close to linear for applications in which all or most of the processes can be kept busy, thereby partially answering an open problem posed by them.
An Efficient TVL1 Algorithm for Deblurring Multichannel Images Corrupted by Impulsive Noise

We extend the alternating minimization algorithm recently proposed in [Y. Wang, J. Yang, W. Yin, and Y. Zhang, SIAM J. Imag. Sci., 1 (2008), pp. 248–272]; [J. Yang, W. Yin, Y. Zhang, and Y. Wang, SIAM J. Imag. Sci., 2 (2009), pp. 569–592] to the case of recovering blurry multichannel (color) images corrupted by impulsive rather than Gaussian noise. The algorithm minimizes the sum of a multichannel extension of total variation and a data fidelity term measured in the 1-norm, and is applicable to both salt-and-pepper and random-valued impulsive noise. We derive the algorithm by applying the well-known quadratic penalty function technique and prove attractive convergence properties, including finite convergence for some variables and q-linear convergence rate. Under periodic boundary conditions, the main computational requirements of the algorithm are fast Fourier transforms and a low-complexity Gaussian elimination procedure. Numerical results on images with different blurs and impulsive noise are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, it is numerically compared to the least absolute deviation method [H. Y. Fu, M. K. Ng, M. Nikolova, and J. L. Barlow, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 27 (2006), pp. 1881–1902] and the two-phase method [J. F. Cai, R. Chan, and M. Nikolova, AIMS J. Inverse Problems and Imaging, 2 (2008), pp. 187–204] for recovering grayscale images. We also present results of recovering multichannel images.
AI in Game Playing: Sokoban Solver

Artificial Intelligence is becoming instrumental in a variety of applications. Games serve as a good breeding ground for trying and testing these algorithms in a sandbox with simpler constraints in comparison to real life. In this project, we aim to develop an AI agent that can solve the classical Japanese game of Sokoban using various algorithms and heuristics and compare their performances through standard metrics.
High speed FinFET domino logic circuits with independent gate-biased double-gate keepers providing dynamically adjusted immunity to noise

Scaling of single-gate bulk MOSFET faces great challenges in the nanometer regime due to the severe short-channel effects that cause an exponential increase in the subthreshold and gate-oxide leakage currents. Double-gate FinFET technology mitigates this limitation by the excellent control over a thin silicon body by two electrically coupled gates. In this paper a variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique using independent-gate FinFET technology is proposed for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement in domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of a keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. With the variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique the evaluation speed is enhanced by up to 55% while reducing power consumption by up to 57% as compared to a standard domino logic circuit designed for similar noise margin in a 32 nm FinFET technology.
Pathological and Incidental Findings on Brain MRI in a Single-Center Study of 229 Consecutive Girls with Early or Precocious Puberty

UNLABELLED
Central precocious puberty may result from organic brain lesions, but is most frequently of idiopathic origin. Clinical or biochemical factors which could predict a pathological brain MRI in girls with CPP have been searched for. With the recent decline in age at pubertal onset among US and European girls, it has been suggested that only girls with CPP below 6 years of age should have brain MRI performed.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the outcome of brain MRI in girls referred with early signs of puberty in relation to age at presentation as well as clinical and biochemical parameters.


METHOD
A single-center study of 229 consecutive girls with early or precocious puberty who had brain imaging performed. We evaluated medical history, clinical and biochemical factors, and four groups were defined based on the outcome of their MRI.


RESULTS
Thirteen out of 208 (6.3%) girls with precocious puberty, but no other sign of CNS symptoms, had a pathological brain MRI. Importantly, all 13 girls were above 6 years of age, and 6 girls were even 8-9 years old. Twenty girls (9.6%) had incidental findings on brain MRI. Furthermore, 21 girls had known CNS pathology at time of evaluation. Basal LH was significantly higher in girls with newly diagnosed CNS pathology compared to girls with a non-pathological MRI (p = 0.025); no cut of value was found as values overlapped.


CONCLUSION
A high frequency of 6-8 year old girls with precocious puberty in our study had a pathological brain MRI, which could not be predicted from any clinical nor biochemical parameters. Thus, we believe that girls with precocious pubertal development of central origin before 8 years of age should continue to be examined by a brain MRI.
Overcoming the barriers to the diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome/ME in primary care: a meta synthesis of qualitative studies

BACKGROUND
The NICE guideline for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) emphasises the need for an early diagnosis in primary care with management tailored to patient needs. However, GPs can be reluctant to make a diagnosis and are unsure how to manage people with the condition.


METHODS
A meta synthesis of published qualitative studies was conducted, producing a multi-perspective description of barriers to the diagnosis and management of CFS/ME, and the ways that some health professionals have been able to overcome them. Analysis provided second-order interpretation of the original findings and developed third-order constructs to provide recommendations for the medical curriculum.


RESULTS
Twenty one qualitative studies were identified. The literature shows that for over 20 years health professionals have reported a limited understanding of CFS/ME. Working within the framework of the biomedical model has also led some GPs to be sceptical about the existence of the condition. GPs who provide a diagnosis tend to have a broader, multifactorial, model of the condition and more positive attitudes towards CFS/ME. These GPs collaborate with patients to reach agreement on symptom management, and use their therapeutic skills to promote self care.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to address barriers to the diagnosis and management of CFS/ME in primary care, the limitations of the biomedical model needs to be recognised. A more flexible bio-psychosocial approach is recommended where medical school training aims to equip practitioners with the skills needed to understand, support and manage patients and provide a pathway to refer for specialist input.
A Reconfigurable Energy Storage Architecture for Energy-harvesting Devices

Battery-free, energy-harvesting devices operate using energy collected exclusively from their environment. Energy-harvesting devices allow maintenance-free deployment in extreme environments, but requires a power system to provide the right amount of energy when an application needs it. Existing systems must provision energy capacity statically based on an application's peak demand which compromises efficiency and responsiveness when not at peak demand. This work presents Capybara: a co-designed hardware/software power system with dynamically reconfigurable energy storage capacity that meets varied application energy demand. The Capybara software interface allows programmers to specify the energy mode of an application task. Capybara's runtime system reconfigures Capybara's hardware energy capacity to match application demand. Capybara also allows a programmer to write reactive application tasks that pre-allocate a burst of energy that it can spend in response to an asynchronous (e.g., external) event. We instantiated Capybara's hardware design in two EH devices and implemented three reactive sensing applications using its software interface. Capybara improves event detection accuracy by 2x-4x over statically-provisioned energy capacity, maintains response latency within 1.5x of a continuously-powered baseline, and enables reactive applications that are intractable with existing power systems.
Vitex negundo Modulates Selenite-Induced Opacification and Cataractogensis in Rat Pups

Recently, much interest has been generated in the search for phytochemical therapeutics, as they are largely free from adverse side effects and economical. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of Vitex negundo in modulating the selenite-induced oxidative stress in vivo model. Sprague–Dawley rat pups of 8 days old were used for the study and divided into control (G I), selenite induced (G II), and selenite + V. negundo treated (G III). Cataract was induced by the single subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (4 mg/kg body weight) on the tenth day and V. negundo (2.5 mg/Kg body weight) administered intraperitoneally from eighth to 15th day. Morphological examination of the rat lenses revealed no opacification in G I and mild opacification in G III whereas dense opacification in G II (stages 4–6). Levels of selenium in G II and G III showed no significant changes. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and Ca2+ATPase were significantly increased in G III compared to G II (p < 0.05), while lower level of reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were observed in G III compared G II (p < 0.05). These results indicate the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract of V. negundo on modulating biochemical parameters against selenite-induced cataract, which have been reported in this paper for the first time.