LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: the complexity of adaptation of trauma.

OBJECTIVE
A century of clinical research has noted a range of trauma-related psychological problems that are not captured in the DSM-IV framework of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the relationships between exposure to extreme stress, the emergence of PTSD, and symptoms traditionally associated with "hysteria," which can be understood as problems with stimulus discrimination, self-regulation, and cognitive integration of experience.


METHOD
The DSM-IV field trial for PTSD studied 395 traumatized treatment-seeking subjects and 125 non-treatment-seeking subjects who had also been exposed to traumatic experiences. Data on age at onset, the nature of the trauma, PTSD, dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation were collected.


RESULTS
PTSD, dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation were highly interrelated. The subjects meeting the criteria for lifetime (but not current) PTSD scored significantly lower on these disorders than those with current PTSD, but significantly higher than those who never had PTSD. Subjects who developed PTSD after interpersonal trauma as adults had significantly fewer symptoms than those with childhood trauma, but significantly more than victims of disasters.


CONCLUSIONS
PTSD, dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation represent a spectrum of adaptations to trauma. They often occur together, but traumatized individuals may suffer from various combinations of symptoms over time. In treating these patients, it is critical to attend to the relative contributions of loss of stimulus discrimination, self-regulation, and cognitive integration of experience to overall impairment and provide systematic treatment that addresses both unbidden intrusive recollections and these other symptoms associated with having been overwhelmed by exposure to traumatic experiences.
The global seismographic network surpasses its design goal

(GSN) surpassed its 128-station design goal for uniform worldwide coverage of the Earth.A total of 136 GSN stations are now sited from the South Pole to Siberia, and from the Amazon Basin to the sea floor of the northeast Pacific Ocean—in cooperation with over 100 host organizations and seismic networks in 59 countries worldwide (Figure 1). Established in 1986 by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) to replace the obsolete, analog Worldwide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN), the GSN continues a tradition in global seismology that dates back more than a century to the network of Milne seismographs that initially spanned the globe.The GSN is a permanent network of state-of-the-art seismological and geophysical sensors connected by available telecommunications to serve as a multi-use scientific facility and societal resource for scientific research, environmental monitoring, and education for our national and international community. All GSN data are freely and openly available via the Internet both in real-time and from archival storage at the IRIS Data Management System (www. iris.edu). GSN instrumentation is capable of measuring and recording with high fidelity all of Earth's vibrations, from high-frequency, strong ground motions near an earthquake, to the slowest free oscillations of the Earth (Figure 2). GSN seismometers have recorded both the greatest earthquakes on scale (for example, the 1994 Mw-8.2 Bolivia earthquake at 660 km depth; Wallace [1995]),as well as the nano-earthquakes (M < 0) near the sea floor at the Hawaii-2 Observatory [Butler, 2003]. GSN sensors are accurately calibrated, and timing is based on GPS clocks. The primary focus in creating the GSN has been seismology. However, the power, telemetry, site, and logistical infrastructure at GSN stations are inherently multi-use.These resources are available to other scientific sensors, and the GSN welcomes interest from other scientific disciplines in sharing this infrastructure. GPS, meteorological, and geomagnetic sensors currently enhance GSN sites as geophysical observatories. Global real-time telemetry from all stations is the second GSN design goal now within reach. Dial-up telephone access, which the GSN pioneered in the early 1990s, has largely been supplanted by Internet and satellite access, which has now reached more than 80% of the network.To achieve this telemetry coverage, a wide range of solutions—geosyn-chronous satellites employing antennas in the 1 to 4 m range, Inmarsat, Iridium, land lines, local ISPs, submarine cable, etc.—has been implemented, in cooperation with NASA/Jet Island. Satellite hubs in Houston and at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in …
An online stair-climbing control method for a transformable tracked robot

Stair-climbing is a necessary capacity for mobile robots. This paper presents an online control method for the stair-climbing of a transformable tracked robot, Amoeba-II, and this robot is also an isomerism-modules robot with different mechanism modules. Based on the reasonable compartmentalization and kinematics analysis of the stair-climbing process, the coordination of the rotations of modules can reduce the slippage between tracks and terrain. To ensure that the robot can climb stairs with enough capability and stability, the stair-climbing criterion for the robot has been established based on the force analysis of each stage of the stair-climbing procedure. Meanwhile, the interference-avoiding criterion has been set up to avoid the interference between the non-tracked module of the robot and the stair. The experiment for the stair-climbing of the robot has been implemented to certify the validity of the online stair-climbing control method for a transformable tracked robot.
Strategic subcortical hyperintensities in cholinergic pathways and executive function decline in treated Alzheimer patients.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in cognition, function, and behavior after 1 year in patients with Alzheimer disease being treated with cholinesterase inhibitors, in relation to the presence or absence of subcortical hyperintensities involving the cholinergic pathways.


DESIGN
One-year prospective cohort study.


SETTING
Memory Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto. Patients Ninety patients with possible/probable Alzheimer disease who were being treated with cholinesterase inhibitors at baseline.


INTERVENTIONS
Yearly standardized neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) was applied to baseline MRIs to rate the severity of subcortical hyperintensities in cholinergic pathways. The consensus-derived Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) Rating Scale was used as a general measure of white matter disease burden.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Tests of global cognition, function, and behavior and specific cognitive and functional domains.


RESULTS
Patients in the low CHIPS group were equivalent to those in the high CHIPS group with regard to baseline demographic characteristics, cognitive severity, and vascular risk factors. After covarying age and education, no differences were found after 1 year in overall cognition, function, and behavior or on memory, language, and visuospatial tasks. Patients in the high CHIPS group showed improvement on executive function and working memory tasks compared with those in the low CHIPS group. For the ARWMC scale, groups with and without white matter abnormalities were equivalent on baseline demographics and in cognitive, functional, and behavioral outcomes.


CONCLUSION
Cerebrovascular compromise of the cholinergic pathways may be a factor that contributes more selectively than does total white matter lesion burden to response to cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer disease, particularly on frontal/executive tasks.
Engineers & electrons: A century of electrical progress

Spanning two centuries — with emphasis on the past 100 years-Engineers & Electrons is as much a revelation of the human side of engineering as it is a description of the technical accomplishments of the profession.
Influenza and Pneumonia Mortality in 66 Large Cities in the United States in Years Surrounding the 1918 Pandemic

The 1918 influenza pandemic was a major epidemiological event of the twentieth century resulting in at least twenty million deaths worldwide; however, despite its historical, epidemiological, and biological relevance, it remains poorly understood. Here we examine the relationship between annual pneumonia and influenza death rates in the pre-pandemic (1910-17) and pandemic (1918-20) periods and the scaling of mortality with latitude, longitude and population size, using data from 66 large cities of the United States. The mean pre-pandemic pneumonia death rates were highly associated with pneumonia death rates during the pandemic period (Spearman ρ = 0.64-0.72; P<0.001). By contrast, there was a weak correlation between pre-pandemic and pandemic influenza mortality rates. Pneumonia mortality rates partially explained influenza mortality rates in 1918 (ρ = 0.34, P = 0.005) but not during any other year. Pneumonia death counts followed a linear relationship with population size in all study years, suggesting that pneumonia death rates were homogeneous across the range of population sizes studied. By contrast, influenza death counts followed a power law relationship with a scaling exponent of ∼0.81 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.91) in 1918, suggesting that smaller cities experienced worst outcomes during the pandemic. A linear relationship was observed for all other years. Our study suggests that mortality associated with the 1918-20 influenza pandemic was in part predetermined by pre-pandemic pneumonia death rates in 66 large US cities, perhaps through the impact of the physical and social structure of each city. Smaller cities suffered a disproportionately high per capita influenza mortality burden than larger ones in 1918, while city size did not affect pneumonia mortality rates in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.
Acceptance model of a Hospital Information System

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to develop a model of Hospital Information System (HIS) user acceptance focusing on human, technological, and organizational characteristics for supporting government eHealth programs. This model was then tested to see which hospital type in Indonesia would benefit from the model to resolve problems related to HIS user acceptance.


METHOD
This study used qualitative and quantitative approaches with case studies at four privately owned hospitals and three government-owned hospitals, which are general hospitals in Indonesia. The respondents involved in this study are low-level and mid-level hospital management officers, doctors, nurses, and administrative staff who work at medical record, inpatient, outpatient, emergency, pharmacy, and information technology units. Data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and AMOS 21.0.


RESULTS
The study concludes that non-technological factors, such as human characteristics (i.e. compatibility, information security expectancy, and self-efficacy), and organizational characteristics (i.e. management support, facilitating conditions, and user involvement) which have level of significance of p<0.05, significantly influenced users' opinions of both the ease of use and the benefits of the HIS. This study found that different factors may affect the acceptance of each user in each type of hospital regarding the use of HIS. Finally, this model is best suited for government-owned hospitals.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this study, hospital management and IT developers should have more understanding on the non-technological factors to better plan for HIS implementation. Support from management is critical to the sustainability of HIS implementation to ensure HIS is easy to use and provides benefits to the users as well as hospitals. Finally, this study could assist hospital management and IT developers, as well as researchers, to understand the obstacles faced by hospitals in implementing HIS.
DESIGN OF A DISTRIBUTED SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR FOR A TIP-DRIVEN FAN

Article history: Received: 4.7.2015. Received in revised form: 9.1.2016. Accepted: 29.1.2016. This paper presents a design of a distributed switched reluctance motor for an integrated motorfan system. Unlike a conventional compact motor structure, the rotor is distributed into the ends of the impeller blades. This distributed structure of motor makes more space for airflow to pass through so that the system efficiency is highly improved. Simultaneously, the distributed structure gives the motor a higher torque, better efficiency and heat dissipation. The paper first gives an initial design of a switched reluctance motor based on system structure constraints and output equations, then it predicts the machine performance and determines phase current and winding turns based on equivalent magnetic circuit analysis; finally it validates and refines the analytical design with 3D transient finite element analysis. It is found that the analytical performance prediction agrees well with finite element analysis results except for the weakness on core losses estimation. The results of the design shows that the distributed switched reluctance motor can produce a large torque of pretty high efficiency at specified speeds.
The bilingual individual

This article presents a general overview of the adult bilingual individual. First, the bilingual is defined and discussed in terms of the complementary principle, i.e. the fact that bilinguals acquire and use their languages for different purposes, in different domains of life, with different people. Next, the various language modes bilinguals find themselves in during their everyday interactions are examined. These range from the monolingual mode when they are communicating with monolinguals {and they have to deactivate all but one language) to the bilingual rriode when they are interacting with other bilinguals who share their two (or more) languages and with whom they can mix languages if they so wish (i.e. code-switch and borrow). The article ends with a rapid survey of the psycholinguistics of bilingualism and, in particular, of how bilinguals access their lexicon when perceiving mixed speech. The regular bilingual Is compared to the interpreter bilingual whenever possible.
Discontinuation of nevirapine because of hypersensitivity reactions in patients with prior treatment experience, compared with treatment-naive patients: the ATHENA cohort study.

BACKGROUND
Recommendations that nevirapine (NVP) should be avoided in female individuals with CD4 cell counts >250 cells/microL and in male individuals with CD4 cell counts >400 cells/microL are based on findings in treatment-naive patients. It is unclear whether these guidelines also apply to treatment-experienced patients switching to NVP-based combination therapy.


METHODS
Patients in the ATHENA cohort study who had used NVP-based combination therapy were included. We identified patients who discontinued NVP-based combination therapy because of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs; rash and/or hepatotoxicity) within 18 weeks after starting such therapy. We grouped patients according to their CD4 cell count at the start of NVP-based combination therapy (current CD4 cell count) as having a high CD4 cell count (for female patients, >250 cells/microL; for male patients, >400 cells/microL) or a low CD4 cell count. Treatment-experienced patients were further subdivided according to the last available CD4 cell count before first receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART; pre-ART CD4 cell count) using the same criteria. Risk factors for HSR were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.


RESULTS
Of 3752 patients receiving NVP-based combination therapy, 231 patients (6.2%) discontinued NVP therapy because of HSRs. Independent risk factors included female sex and Asian ethnicity. Having an undetectable viral load (VL) at the start of NVP therapy was associated with reduced risk of developing an HSR (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.71). Pretreated patients with low pre-ART and high current CD4 cell counts and a detectable VL when switching to NVP-based combination therapy had a significantly higher risk of developing an HSR, compared with treatment-naive patients who started NVP therapy with low CD4 cell counts (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11-3.12); pretreated patients with low pre-ART CD4 cell counts who switched to NVP therapy with a high current CD4 cell count and an undetectable VL did not have an increased risk of developing an HSR (adjusted OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.66-1.61).


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment-experienced patients who start NVP-based combination therapy with low pre-ART and high current CD4 cell counts and an undetectable VL have a similar likelihood for discontinuing NVP therapy because of HSRs, compared with treatment-naive patients with low CD4 cell counts. This suggests that NVP-based combination therapy may be safely initiated in such patients. However, in similar patients with a detectable VL, it is prudent to continue to adhere to current CD4 cell count thresholds.
The effects of cocaine self-administration on dendritic spine density in the rat hippocampus are dependent on genetic background.

Chronic exposure to cocaine induces modifications to neurons in the brain regions involved in addiction. Hence, we evaluated cocaine-induced changes in the hippocampal CA1 field in Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats, 2 strains that have been widely used to study genetic predisposition to drug addiction, by combining intracellular Lucifer yellow injection with confocal microscopy reconstruction of labeled neurons. Specifically, we examined the effects of cocaine self-administration on the structure, size, and branching complexity of the apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, we quantified spine density in the collaterals of the apical dendritic arbors of these neurons. We found differences between these strains in several morphological parameters. For example, CA1 apical dendrites were more branched and complex in LEW than in F344 rats, while the spine density in the collateral dendrites of the apical dendritic arbors was greater in F344 rats. Interestingly, cocaine self-administration in LEW rats augmented the spine density, an effect that was not observed in the F344 strain. These results reveal significant structural differences in CA1 pyramidal cells between these strains and indicate that cocaine self-administration has a distinct effect on neuron morphology in the hippocampus of rats with different genetic backgrounds.
Nice Thinking! An Educational Intervention That Teaches Children to Think Gratefully

Gratitude is essential to social life and well-being. Although research with youth populations has gained momentum recently, only two gratitude interventions have been conducted in youth, targeting mostly adolescents. In the current research, we tested a new intervention for promoting gratitude among the youngest children targeted to date. Elementary school classrooms (of 8to 11-year-olds) were randomly assigned either to an intervention that educated children about the appraisal of benefit exchanges or to a control condition. We found that children’s awareness of the social-cognitive appraisals of beneficial social exchanges (i.e., grateful thinking) can be strengthened and that this, in turn, makes children more grateful and benefits their well-being in terms of increased general positive affect. A daily intervention produced evidence that this new approach induced gratitude immediately (2 days later) and led children to express gratitude more behaviorally (i.e., they wrote 80% more thank-you cards to their Parent–Teacher Association). A weekly intervention induced gratitude up to 5 months later and additionally showed an effect on well-being (i.e., positive affect). Evidence thus supported the effectiveness of this intervention. Results are discussed in terms of implications for positive youth development and academic
Constitutive model for quasi-static deformation of metallic sandwich cores

All-metal sandwich construction holds promise for significant improvements in stiffness, strength and blast resistance for built-up plate structures. Analysis of the performance of sandwich plates under various loads, static and dynamic, requires modelling of face sheets and core with some fidelity. While it is possible to model full geometric details of the core for a few selected problems, this is unnecessary and unrealistic for larger complex structures under general loadings. In this paper, a continuum constitutive model is proposed as an alternative means of modelling the core. The constitutive model falls within the framework of a compressible rate-independent, anisotropic elastic– plastic solid. The general form of the model is presented, along with algorithmic aspects of its implementation in a finite element code, and selected problems are solved which benchmark the code against existing codes for limiting cases and which illustrate features specific to compressible cores. Three core geometries (pyramidal truss, folded plate, and square honeycomb) are considered in some detail. The validity of the approach is established by comparing numerical finite element simulations using the model with those obtained by a full three-dimensional meshing of the core geometry for each of the three types of cores for a clamped sandwich plate subject to uniform pressure load. Limitations of the model are also discussed. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of Point Cloud Scenes with Multiscale Voxel Deep Network

In this article we describe a new convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify 3D point clouds of urban or indoor scenes. Solutions are given to the problems encountered working on scene point clouds, and a network is described that allows for point classification using only the position of points in a multi-scale neighborhood. On the reduced-8 Semantic3D benchmark [Hackel et al., 2017], this network, ranked second, beats the state of the art of point classification methods (those not using a regularization step). Figure 1: Example of classified point cloud on Semantic3D test set (blue: man-made terrain, cerulean blue: natural terrain, green: high vegetation, light green: low vegetation, chartreuse green: buildings, yellow: hard scape, orange: scanning artefacts, red: cars).