LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Acacia concinna (A. concinna), Cassia siamea (C. siamea), Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum),Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum), Lantana camara (L. camara), Nelumbo nucifera (N. nucifera) Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus), Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) against Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus).


METHODS
The larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts were tested against early fourth-instar larvae of malaria and filariasis vectors. The mortality was observed 24 h and 48 h after treatment, data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC(50) and LC(90)) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the tested species. The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at five concentrations (31.25, 62.50, 125.00, 250.00, and 500.00 ppm) under the laboratory conditions.


RESULTS
All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h and 48 h of exposure; however, the highest activity was observed after 24 h in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera, seed ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P. nigrum against the larvae of An. stephensi (LC(50) = 34.76, 24.54 and 30.20 ppm) and against Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC(50) = 37.49, 43.94 and 57.39 ppm), respectively. The toxic effect of leaf methanol extract of C. siamea, seed methanol extract of C. cyminum, leaf ethyl acetate extract of N. nucifera, leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P. amarus and seed methanol extract of T. ammi were showed 100% mortality against An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus after 48 h exposer. The maximum repellent activity was observed at 500 ppm in methanol extracts of N. nucifera, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P. nigrum and methanol extract of T. ammi and the mean complete protection time ranged from 30 to 150 min with the different extracts tested.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the leaf and seed extracts of C. siamea, N. nucifera, P. amarus, P. nigrum and T. ammi have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG): association between its addiction, self-control and mental disorders among young people in Vietnam.

AIMS
To explore the association between MMORPG addiction and mental health status, and between self-control ability and mental health status among young male MMORPG players in Hanoi, Vietnam.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 10 computer game rooms were randomly selected out of 77 in five communes in Hanoi. From these game rooms, 350 MMORPG players were purposively recruited as a study group, of whom 344 completed the questionnaire. In the same five communes, 344 non-players were selected as a control group. An online game addiction scale, a self-control scale and the Vietnamese SRQ-20 were used to measure the degree of MMORPG addiction, self-control ability and level of mental disorders.


RESULTS
MMORPG players had significantly higher mental disorders scale scores than non-players (p < .001). The strongest positive correlation was detected between MMORPG addiction scale scores and mental disorders scale scores (r = 0.730, p < .001). Self-control scale scores were negatively associated with mental disorders scale scores (r = -0.345, p < .001). The average amount of money spent on games per month, MMORPG addiction scale score and self-control scale score were considered the best predictors of a higher mental disorders scale score.


CONCLUSION
Young, male MMORPG players with higher addiction scores were more likely to have higher mental disorders scale scores, and such mental status was negatively associated with the level of self-control in Hanoi, Vietnam. Closer attention should be paid to prevent mental disorders among MMORPG players.
Treatment trends for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Background: As a result of clinical trial publications, breast conservation treatment has been increasingly used for invasive breast cancer. The patterns of care for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were analyzed for the years 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, and 1991 to determine whether the same treatment principles had been applied to patients with noninvasive disease. Methods: Data submitted on 20,556 patients with DCIS during the 5 study years were analyzed with regard to basic demographics and treatment trends. Results: Breast-conserving surgery for DCIS increased from 20.9% in 1985 to 35.4% in 1991. Modified radical mastectomy remained constant at 42%. Axillary node surgery increased from 52% in 1985 to 58.5% in 1991. The use of radiation therapy for patients with partial mastectomy and no lymph node dissection ranges from 24.2% in 1990 to 37.7% in 1985, with 31.1% receiving radiation therapy in 1991. Patients undergoing lymph node dissection with partial mastectomy were more than twice as likely to receive postoperative radiation therapy than were patients without lymph node dissection. Conclusions: Modified radical mastectomy remains the most common surgical procedure, despite the eligibility of many women for breast conservation treatment. As of 1991 the majority of women were still undergoing axillary lymph node surgery despite a node positivity rate of ≈1%. Radiation therapy is significantly underused in patients with partial mastectomy, especially when no nodes were removed. Clinical trial results and professional education for DCIS treatment should change these trends.
Predicting the popularity of online content

Early patterns of Digg diggs and YouTube views reflect long-term user interest.
Generating Random Hyperbolic Graphs in Subquadratic Time

Complex networks have become increasingly popular for modeling various real-world phenomena. Realistic generative network models are important in this context as they simplify complex network research regarding data sharing, reproducibility, and scalability studies. Random hyperbolic graphs are a very promising family of geometric graphs with unit-disk neighborhood in the hyperbolic plane. Previous work provided empirical and theoretical evidence that this generative graph model creates networks with many realistic features. In this work we provide the first generation algorithm for random hyperbolic graphs with subquadratic running time. We prove a time complexity of O((n + m) logn) with high probability for the generation process. This running time is confirmed by experimental data with our implementation. The acceleration stems primarily from the reduction of pairwise distance computations through a polar quadtree, which we adapt to hyperbolic space for this purpose and which can be of independent interest. In practice we improve the running time of a previous implementation (which allows more general neighborhoods than the unit disk) by at least two orders of magnitude this way. Networks with billions of edges can now be generated in a few minutes.
Social predictors of adult asthma: a co-twin case-control study.

BACKGROUND
Environmental factors are needed to explain the observed increase in the prevalence of asthma during recent decades, despite the existence of a recognised genetic component in asthma. A co-twin case-control study was undertaken to examine possible social risk factors for asthma.


METHODS
Asthma diagnoses were based on register data of reimbursed asthma medication. During 17 years follow up of the Finnish twin cohort, 262 twin pairs discordant for incident asthma were identified. Conditional logistic regression for 1-1 matched data was used for risk calculation.


RESULTS
The atopic twin had an increased risk of asthma compared with the non-atopic co-twin (RR 2.91, 95% CI 1.81 to 4.68). The more educated twin had a decreased risk of asthma compared with his/her twin sibling with less education (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.86), and the twin who participated in conditioning exercise had a decreased risk of asthma compared with the more sedentary co-twin (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.88).


CONCLUSIONS
In addition to allergic diseases, educational level and physical activity are associated with adult onset asthma, which indicates a role for factors associated with life style.
Some socioeconomic characteristics of acute myocardial infarction patients in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Comparison of two decades: 1954-1964 and 1997-2007.

UNLABELLED
0BJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare some social and economic conditions of patients with myocardial infarction (AMI), admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chávez (INC-ICh), in two decades: 1954-1964 vs. 1997-2007.


STUDY DESIGN
an observational and retrospective study was carried out.


METHOD
All discharged patients between 1997-2007 with AMI diagnosis according to International Statistical Classification of Disease 10th Revision codes I 21 - I 21.9 were included. Information about age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic level, occupation and current address were obtained from the patient's file. The findings were compared with a previous published paper from 1954-64.


RESULTS
The number of AMI cases increased five times between both decades, and significant changes were observed in occupational activity and in the socioeconomic level.


CONCLUSIONS
Some social and economic factors have changed over the years; however, age and gender of patients with AMI are variables that did not showed significant changes: most young patients are male, and women are older when they have a fist AMI.
Psychopathy and Sentencing : An Investigative look into when the PCL-R is admitted into Canadian courtrooms and how a PCL-R score affects sentencing outcome

.............................................................................................................................. ii Co-Authorship Statement................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Table of
Toxicology and overdose of atypical antipsychotics.

BACKGROUND
Second-generation antipsychotic medications, or "atypical antipsychotics," are now first-line therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and are additionally being used in a wide array of other psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions in both adults and children. Overdose is frequently reported to poison control centers.


OBJECTIVES
We review the toxicology and general management of poisonings involving the atypical antipsychotic medications.


DISCUSSION
The most serious toxicity involves the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. All typical and atypical antipsychotics cause sedation, which is pronounced in overdose. The most common cardiovascular effects that occur after atypical antipsychotic overdose are tachycardia, mild hypotension, and prolongation of the QTc interval. Other clinical syndromes in overdose include neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and antimuscarinic delirium. Seizures may be observed. No antidotes exist for these poisonings, but they most often do well with supportive care.


CONCLUSION
Antipsychotic overdose produces a gamut of manifestations that affect multiple organ systems. Treatment is primarily supportive. Specific therapies for NMS, hypotension, and seizures are discussed.
Distribution transformer cost evaluation methodology incorporating environmental cost

As system investment and energy costs continue to increase, electric utilities are increasingly interested in installing energy-efficient transformers at their distribution networks. The cost evaluation of transformers is based on total owning cost (TOC) method that includes transformer purchasing price and cost of transformer losses. Similar to energy cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are also assigned a price by energy markets. That is why this study proposes an innovative distribution transformer cost evaluation methodology (DTCEM) by introducing the environmental cost (EC) into the conventional TOC method. This EC is due to GHG emissions associated with supplying transformer losses. The proposed method is applied for economic evaluation of distribution transformers for the Hellenic power system and the results are compared to the conventional TOC, indicating the importance of incorporating EC into transformer economic evaluation. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, investigating the impact of various parameters involved in the proposed DTCEM.
Delimited control operators prove Double-negation Shift

Abstract We propose an extension of minimal intuitionistic predicate logic, based on delimited control operators, that can derive the predicate-logic version of the double-negation shift schema, while preserving the disjunction and existence properties.
Assessment of the MACC reanalysis and its influence as chemical boundary conditions for regional air quality modeling in AQMEII-2

The Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) has now reached its second phase which is dedicated to the evaluation of online coupled chemistry-meteorology models. Sixteen modeling groups from Europe and five from North America have run regional air quality models to simulate the year 2010 over one European and one North American domain. The MACC re-analysis has been used as chemical initial (IC) and boundary conditions (BC) by all participating regional models in AQMEII-2. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the MACC re-analysis along with the participating regional models against a set of ground-based measurements (O3, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, SO4 ) and vertical profiles (O3 and CO). Results indicate different degrees of agreement between the measurements and the MACC reanalysis, with an overall better performance over the North American domain. The influence of BC on regional air quality simulations is analyzed in a qualitative way by contrasting model performance for the MACC re-analysis with that for the regional models. This approach complements more quantitative
Human aquaporins: regulators of transcellular water flow.

BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence supports the view that (AQP) aquaporin water channels are regulators of transcellular water flow. Consistent with their expression in most tissues, AQPs are associated with diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes.


SCOPE OF REVIEW
AQP knockout studies suggest that the regulatory role of AQPs, rather than their action as passive channels, is their critical function. Transport through all AQPs occurs by a common passive mechanism, but their regulation and cellular distribution varies significantly depending on cell and tissue type; the role of AQPs in cell volume regulation (CVR) is particularly notable. This review examines the regulatory role of AQPs in transcellular water flow, especially in CVR. We focus on key systems of the human body, encompassing processes as diverse as urine concentration in the kidney to clearance of brain oedema.


MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
AQPs are crucial for the regulation of water homeostasis, providing selective pores for the rapid movement of water across diverse cell membranes and playing regulatory roles in CVR. Gating mechanisms have been proposed for human AQPs, but have only been reported for plant and microbial AQPs. Consequently, it is likely that the distribution and abundance of AQPs in a particular membrane is the determinant of membrane water permeability and a regulator of transcellular water flow.


GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate transcellular water flow will improve our understanding of the human body in health and disease. The central role of specific AQPs in regulating water homeostasis will provide routes to a range of novel therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
On the Measurement of Niche Breadth and Overlap.

Measures of niche breadth and overlap that depend on the distribution of individual among resource states (ecological categories) should be independent of the relative abundance of the species and of the number of resource states considered. Such measures should also take into account the degree of distinctness of the resource states from the point of view of the organisms concerned. An ecoassay of the distinctness of resource states may well be easier and more meaningful than measurements of physical and chemical factors. We propose that the species composition of communities utilizing different resource states may be used to develop weighting factors with which each state may be weighted in proportion to its degree of distinctness. The weighting factors are used in the development of indices of niche breadth and overlap that correct for variation in the range and distinctness of resource states and that suffer less from human subjectivity than do the measures used to date. The use of such indices and the relationship of niche overlap to competition are discussed.
Replacing Recycling Rates with Life-Cycle Metrics as Government Materials Management Targets.

In Florida, the passing of the Energy, Climate Change, and Economic Security Act of 2008 established a statewide mass-based municipal solid waste recycling rate goal of 75% by 2020. In this study, we describe an alternative approach to tracking performance of materials management systems that incorporates life-cycle thinking. Using both greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use as life-cycle indicators, we create two different materials management baselines based on a hypothetical 75% recycling rate in Florida in 2008. GHG emission and energy use footprints resulting from various 2020 materials management strategies are compared to these baselines, with the results normalized to the same mass-based 75% recycling rate. For most scenarios, LCI-normalized recycling rates are greater than mass-based recycling rates. Materials management strategies that include recycling of curbside-collected materials such as metal, paper, and plastic result in the largest GHG- and energy-normalized recycling rates. Waste prevention or increase, determined as the net difference in per-person mass discard rate for individual materials, is a major contributor to the life-cycle-normalized recycling rates. The methodology outlined here provides policy makers with one means of transitioning to life-cycle thinking in state and local waste management goal setting and planning.
DEMOCRITUS: SCIENCE, THE ARTS, AND THE CARE OF THE SOUL

This volume gathers specific investigations dealing with some of the main topics of the research on Democritus: the catalogue of works, music, literary criticism, technics, zoology and the relation to medicine, physics, epistemology, posterity.
Linear Time Algorithms for Finding Maximal Forward References

In this paper, two algorithms are designed for finding maximal forward references from very large Web logs, longest sequences of Web pages visited by a user without revisiting some previously visited page in the sequence, an d their performance is comparatively analyzed. It is shown that the two algorithms have linear (hence optimal) time complexity.
A mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions

We introduce a mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions as an alternative to the ubiquitous mixture of Gaussian distributions as well as their near relatives of which the mixture of multivariate t and skew-t distributions are predominant. The mathematical development of our mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions model relies on its relationship with the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution. The latter is reviewed before our mixture models are presented along with details of the aforesaid reliance. Parameter estimation is outlined within the expectation-maximization framework before the performance of our mixture models is illustrated in clustering applications on simulated and real data. In particular, the ability of our models to recover parameters for data from underlying Gaussian, and skew-t distributions is demonstrated. Finally, the role of Generalized hyperbolic mixtures as a superclass as well as the anticipated impact of these models on the model-based clustering, classification and density estimation literature is discussed with special focus on the role of Gaussian mixtures.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Technical and conceptual advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging now allow visualization of real-time changes in oxygenation of deep subcortical regions, leading to rapid advances in scientific characterization of the neural substrates that underlie reward prediction in humans.


RECENT FINDINGS
Neuroimaging research over the past year has focused on determining the necessary neural substrates for reward prediction.


SUMMARY
While the orbitofrontal cortex has long been implicated in modality-specific reward representation, the ventral striatum (particularly the nucleus accumbens) may play a role in modality-independent representations of predicted reward. On the other hand, the mesial prefrontal cortex appears to play a role in representing reward prediction error and the dorsal caudate in linking reward to behavior. Theoretically, future studies will need to establish the specificity of these responses to reward versus punishment and anticipation versus outcome. Clinically, current findings suggest that patients can predict reward without a prefrontal cortex, but should experience difficulty correcting their behavior when reward predictions are violated.
Continuity in Learning

Continuity is the relating of what goes on within the child with what goes on about him. Here is a thought-provoking presentation to help adults understand their role in raising self-selection to conscious deliberative action.
Evolutionary patterns of salt tolerance in angiosperms

........................................................................................................................ iv Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Salt tolerance is evolutionarily labile in a diverse set of angiosperm families ............ 25 Chapter 3: The association between salt tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation in angiosperms .................................................................................................................. 65 Chapter 4: Evidence of increased rates of molecular evolution in mitochondrial genes of salt tolerant plants ............................................................................................................. 113 Chapter 5: Domestication and the mitochondrial genome: comparing patterns and rates of molecular evolution in domesticated mammals and birds and their wild relatives ... 141 Chapter 6: Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 183 Appendix I: Predicting species' tolerance to salinity and alkalinity using distribution data and geochemical modelling: a case study using Australian grasses ................................. 191