LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Estimating and Optimizing the Impact of Inventory on Consumer Choices in a Fashion Retail Setting Pol Boada Collado

In fashion retailing, the display of product inventory at the store is important to capture consumers’ attention. Higher inventory levels might allow more attractive displays and thus increase sales, in addition to avoiding stock-outs. We develop a choice model where product demand is indeed affected by inventory, and controls for product and store heterogeneity, seasonality, promotions and potential unobservable shocks in each market. We empirically test the model with daily traffic, inventory and sales data from a large retailer, at the store-day-product level. We find that the impact of inventory level on sales is positive and highly significant, even in situations of extremely high service level. The magnitude of this effect is large: each 1% increase in product-level inventory at the store increases sales of 0.58% on average. This supports the idea that inventory has a strong role in helping customers choose a particular product within the assortment. We finally describe how a retailer should optimally decide its inventory levels within a category and describe the properties of the optimal solution. Applying such optimization to our data set yields consistent and significant revenue improvements, of more than 10% for any date and store compared to current practices. Submitted: April 6, 2016. Revised: May 17, 2017
Application of Extreme Learning Machine Method for Time Series Analysis

In this paper, we study the application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm for single layered feedforward neural networks to non-linear chaotic time series problems. In this algorithm the input weights and the hidden layer bias are randomly chosen. The ELM formulation leads to solving a system of linear equations in terms of the unknown weights connecting the hidden layer to the output layer. The solution of this general system of linear equations will be obtained using Moore-Penrose generalized pseudo inverse. For the study of the application of the method we consider the time series generated by the Mackey Glass delay differential equation with different time delays, Santa Fe A and UCR heart beat rate ECG time series. For the choice of sigmoid, sin and hardlim activation functions the optimal values for the memory order and the number of hidden neurons which give the best prediction performance in terms of root mean square error are determined. It is observed that the results obtained are in close agreement with the exact solution of the problems considered which clearly shows that ELM is a very promising alternative method for time series prediction. Keywords—Chaotic time series, Extreme learning machine, Generalization performance.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from urban to rural areas in Nanjing: Concentration, source, spatial distribution, and potential human health risk.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a major type of pollutant in urban areas and their degree of pollution and characteristics of spatial distribution differ between various regions. We conducted a comprehensive study about the concentration, source, spatial distribution, and health risk of 16 PAHs from urban to rural soils in Nanjing. The mean total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑16PAHs) were 3330 ng g(-1) for urban soils, 1680 ng g(-1) for suburban soils, and 1060 ng g(-1) for rural soils. Five sources in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Nanjing were identified by positive matrix factorization. Their relative contributions of sources to the total soil PAH burden in descending order was coal combustion, vehicle emissions, biomass burning, coke tar, and oil in urban areas; in suburban areas the main sources of soil PAHs were gasoline engine and diesel engine, whereas in rural areas the main sources were creosote and biomass burning. The spatial distribution of soil PAH concentrations shows that old urban districts and commercial centers were the most contaminated of all areas in Nanjing. The distribution pattern of heavier PAHs was in accordance with ∑16PAHs, whereas lighter PAHs show some special characteristics. Health risk assessment based on toxic equivalency factors of benzo[a]pyrene indicated a low concentration of PAHs in most areas in Nanjing, but some sensitive sites should draw considerable attention. We conclude that urbanization has accelerated the accumulation of soil PAHs and increased the environmental risk for urban residents.
Seed migration in prostate brachytherapy depends on experience and technique.

PURPOSE
To determine seed loss and pulmonary migration rate over time in permanent seed prostate brachytherapy.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
We analyzed the first 495 patients treated in our department. All patients were treated with loose (125)I seeds with automated seed delivery system and real-time intraoperative planning. Pelvic fluoroscopic imaging was done 30 days after the implant. Patients were divided into five groups of 100 patients according to the order they were treated, and groups were compared using χ(2) test and one-way analysis of variance.


RESULTS
A total of 22.8% of patients lost at least one seed. The highest percentage of patients losing any number of seeds was in the first 100. Thirty-eight percent lost at least one seed. This number decreased gradually and was only 9% in Patients 400-499. The mean total seed loss rate (number of seeds lost/number seeds implanted) changed significantly over time (p<0.001). There was a continuous significant (p<0.001) decline after the first 100 patients (1.25% for the first 100 patients) followed by a rise in Patients 300-399, followed by another decline (0.21% for the last 100 patients). The seed loss rate to the thorax changed significantly over time (p=0.009). It rose after an initial rate of 0.25-0.42% in Patients 200-299 and 300-399 and declined later to a rate of 0.21% in the last 100 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a learning curve for seed migration. Avoiding implanting seeds outside of the capsule and modern transrectal ultrasound imaging can help decrease migration.
Building brand loyalty in social commerce: The case of brand microblogs

Social commerce enables companies to promote their brands and products on online social platforms. Companies can, for instance, create brand pages on social networking sites to develop consumer–brand relationships. In such circumstances, how to build consumers’ brand loyalty becomes a critical concern. To address this, we draw upon the relationship quality perspective to suggest that brand loyalty is primarily determined by relationship quality, which is further influenced by self-congruence (i.e., the self factor), social norms (i.e., the social factor), information quality and interactivity (i.e., characteristics of brand pages). To test our model, we conduct an empirical survey on companies’ brand microblogs. We find that all proposed hypotheses are supported. Interestingly, the self factor rather than other factors was found to have the strongest impact in the model. In addition to its noteworthy implications for practitioners, we believe that this study provides important theoretical insights into understanding how to build brand loyalty in social commerce. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Data Cleansing - A Prelude to Knowledge Discovery

This chapter analyzes the problem of data cleansing and the identification of potential errors in data sets. The differing views of data cleansing are surveyed and reviewed and a brief overview of existing data cleansing tools is given. A general framework of the data cleansing process is presented as well as a set of general methods that can be used to address the problem. The applicable methods include statistical outlier detection, pattern matching, clustering, and Data Mining techniques. The experimental results of applying these methods to a real world data set are also given. Finally, research directions necessary to further address the data cleansing problem are discussed.
Economic Education: The Stepchild Too Is Father Of The Man

“The relationship between economics and education goes far beyond that of the relationship between education and many other subject matters, simply because the process of human learning itself has a great many characteristics of an ‘economy’.” If this is so, Boulding questions: How may a journal of economic education help to realize economies in the transmission of knowledge and the spread of more accurate images of the social system without which democracy is likely to fail?
Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs

Biopharmaceutical companies attempting to increase productivity through novel discovery technologies have fallen short of achieving the desired results. Repositioning existing drugs for new indications could deliver the productivity increases that the industry needs while shifting the locus of production to biotechnology companies. More and more companies are scanning the existing pharmacopoeia for repositioning candidates, and the number of repositioning success stories is increasing.
The dimensions and mechanisms of mindfulness in regulating aggressive behaviors.

On the basis of the notion that the ability to exert self-control is critical to the regulation of aggressive behaviors, we suggest that mindfulness, an aspect of the self-control process, plays a key role in curbing workplace aggression. In particular, we note the conceptual and empirical distinctions between dimensions of mindfulness (i.e., mindful awareness and mindful acceptance) and investigate their respective abilities to regulate workplace aggression. In an experimental study (Study 1), a multiwave field study (Study 2a), and a daily diary study (Study 2b), we established that the awareness dimension, rather than the acceptance dimension, of mindfulness plays a more critical role in attenuating the association between hostility and aggression. In a second multiwave field study (Study 3), we found that mindful awareness moderates the association between hostility and aggression by reducing the extent to which individuals use dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (i.e., surface acting), rather than by reducing the extent to which individuals engage in dysfunctional thought processes (i.e., rumination). The findings are discussed in terms of the implications of differentiating the dimensions and mechanisms of mindfulness for regulating workplace aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record
Cellular Responses to Mechanical Stress Invited Review : Engineering approaches to cytoskeletal mechanics

Stamenović, Dimitrije, and Ning Wang. Invited Review: Engineering approaches to cytoskeletal mechanics. J Appl Physiol 89: 2085–2090, 2000.—An outstanding problem in cell biology is how cells sense mechanical forces and how those forces affect cellular functions. Various biophysical and biochemical mechanisms have been invoked to answer this question. A growing body of evidence indicates that the deformable cytoskeleton (CSK), an intracellular network of interconnected filamentous biopolymers, provides a physical basis for transducing mechanical signals into biochemical signals. Therefore, to understand how mechanical forces regulate cellular functions, it is important to know how cells respond to changes in the CSK force balance and to identify the underlying mechanisms that control transmission of mechanical forces throughout the CSK and bring it to equilibrium. Recent developments of new experimental techniques for measuring cell mechanical properties and novel theoretical models of cellular mechanics make it now possible to identify and quantitate the contributions of various CSK structures to the overall balance of mechanical forces in the cell. This review focuses on engineering approaches that have been used in the past two decades in studies of the mechanics of the CSK.
Multicore bundle adjustment

We present the design and implementation of new inexact Newton type Bundle Adjustment algorithms that exploit hardware parallelism for efficiently solving large scale 3D scene reconstruction problems. We explore the use of multicore CPU as well as multicore GPUs for this purpose. We show that overcoming the severe memory and bandwidth limitations of current generation GPUs not only leads to more space efficient algorithms, but also to surprising savings in runtime. Our CPU based system is up to ten times and our GPU based system is up to thirty times faster than the current state of the art methods [1], while maintaining comparable convergence behavior. The code and additional results are available at http://grail.cs. washington.edu/projects/mcba.
Dental anomalies as part of the cleft spectrum.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine subphenotypes of clefts based on tooth development. Dental phenotypes (tooth agenesis, supernumerary and impacted teeth, transposition, and structural anomalies) outside the cleft area in the permanent dentition of oral cleft individuals were investigated.


DESIGN
Evaluation of dental records of cleft patients.


SETTING
National Museum of Health and Medicine, Washington, D.C.


PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS
A collection of dental casts, radiographic and clinical records of 146 patients with oral clefts was evaluated.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Association of dental anomalies with preferential subtypes of clefts.


RESULTS
Forty-seven individuals (32.19%) presented at least one dental anomaly outside the cleft area. Individuals with complete cleft lip and palate (CLP) presented more dental anomalies than individuals with incomplete CLP (p = .04). Cleft palate individuals presented more dental anomalies than CLP individuals (p = .048). Maxillary lateral incisors and premolars were the most affected teeth. High incidence of maxillary second premolar agenesis was observed in individuals with bilateral CLP (p = .04). In cases with unilateral CLP, 12.5% presented dental anomalies of the maxillary lateral incisors on the noncleft side. Cleft palate individuals presented a high incidence of mandibular premolar anomalies (p = .004).


CONCLUSION
Future studies should consider the inclusion of a complete dental description to aid in the definition of cleft subphenotypes to be studied.
Has Philosophy of Religion a Place in the Agenda of Theology

Accepting the invitation to comment on the value of philosophy and the philosophy of religion to theology was, it seems to me now, rather foolhardy. Assurances that a fully developed statement on the issue was not expected made the exercise appear far easier than I found it to be. The simple question presented for comment — Has Philosophy of Religion a Place in the Agenda of Theology? -is not so simple, for even what philosophy, religion and theology are in themselves is not at all clear — all three being hotly contested notions on which agreement is seldom achieved and never widespread. I shall, nevertheless, attempt an answer to the question, despite the difficulties, proceeding on the basis of provisional characterizations of its three central concepts.1
Overcoming barriers to sustainable implementation of the ISO 9001 system

Purpose – This study aims to explore the barriers to implementation of ISO 9000 in China, and to identify how these barriers can be overcome. Design/methodology/approach – Using a structural questionnaire survey, this paper examines the main barriers for enterprises in effective implementation of the ISO 9001 standard. Findings – This paper highlights the problems in implementing the standard, which determines the sustainable implementation, including: short-sighted goal for “getting certified”; over-expectation on the ISO 9001 standard; mandatory requirement (not wholehearted commitment) in some industries; and following others (the trend) in certification. With regard to the effective audit of the ISO 9001 standard, the main problems were explored, including: lack of commitment from some certifying bodies; excessive competition between certifying bodies; and offering of a total packaged service from consultancy to certification by certifying bodies. Practical implications – The ISO 9000 series have permeated into all industrial sectors. Although there are many stories of successful adoption of ISO 9001, problems in implementing the standards need to be explored, which may affect the sustainable implementation. Originality/value – Based on the analysis, the paper proposes that the government should improve the legal framework and enforcement schemes to strengthen supervision and control for effective auditing of ISO 9000 standards.
An eye tracking dataset for point of gaze detection

This paper presents a new, publicly available eye tracking dataset, aimed to be used as a benchmark for Point of Gaze (PoG) detection algorithms. The dataset consists of a set of videos recording the eye motion of human test subjects as they were looking at, or following, a set of predefined points of interest on a computer visual display unit. The eye motion was recorded using a Mobile Eye, head mounted, infrared monocular camera. The ground truth of the point of gaze and head location and direction in the three dimensional space are provided together with the data. The ground truth regarding the point of gaze at is known in advance since the subjects are always looking at predefined targets, whereas, the head position in 3D is captured using a Vicon Motion Tracking System.
Motives for Facebook use and expressing "true self" on the Internet

A survey on 143 university students was conducted to examine what motives young adults have for Facebook use, which of those motives were endorsed more than the others, and how those motives were related to the tendency of expressing one’s ‘‘true self’’ through Facebook use. According to the results, primary motive for Facebook use was to maintain long-distance relationships. This motive was followed by game-playing/entertainment, active forms of photo-related activities, organizing social activities, passive observations, establishing new friendships, and initiating and/or terminating romantic relationships. Another interesting result was that individuals’ tendency for expressing one’s true self on the Net had an influence on their Facebook use motives: The ones with high tendency to express their true self on the Internet reported to use Facebook for establishing new friendships and for initiating/terminating romantic relationships more than the individuals’ with low and medium levels of the same tendency did. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Locked plate fixation of osteoporotic humeral shaft fractures: are two locking screws per segment enough?

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical behavior of using two versus three locking screws per bone segment in a cadaveric humerus fracture gap model.


METHODS
Six matched pairs of elderly osteoporotic fresh-frozen human cadaveric humerii were used. An eight-hole locking compression plate was placed posteriorly on the humeral shaft and secured with either four or six bicortical locking screws. A 5-mm middiaphyseal gap osteotomy was created to simulate a comminuted fracture without bony contact. Specimens were tested in offset axial compression, four-point anteroposterior bending, four-point medial-lateral bending, and torsion. After the initial testing in each of these modalities, the constructs were cyclically loaded in torsion and again tested in the four loading modalities. Lastly, the fixation constructs were then tested to failure in torsion.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in stiffness between the group fixed with two screws per segment and the group fixed with three screws per segment. The peak torque to failure was higher in the four-screw construct compared with the six-screw construct. The mean torque to failure was 23.5 +/- 3.7 Nm in the construct with two locking screws per segment compared with 20.4 +/- 2.8 Nm in the construct with three locking screws per segment (P = 0.030).


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of a third screw in the locked plate construct did not add to the mechanical stability in axial loading, bending, or torsion. In testing to failure, the addition of a third screw resulted in lower load to failure.
New Readability Measures for Bangla and Hindi Texts

In this paper we present computational models to compute readability of Indian language text documents. We first demonstrate the inadequacy and the consequent inap plicability of some of the popular readability metrics in English to Hindi and Bangla. Next, we present user experiments to identify important structural parameters of Bangla and Hindi that affect readability of texts in these two languages. Accordingly, we propose two different readability models for each Bangla and Hindi. The models are tested against a second round of user studies with completely new set of data. The results validate the propose models. Compar ed to the handful of existing works in Hindi and Bangla text readability, this pap er presents the first ever definitive readability models for these languages incorporating their salient stru ctural features.
Increasing Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation and Permanent Atrial Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND
Atrial arrhythmias are the most common complication encountered in the growing and aging population with congenital heart disease.


OBJECTIVES
This study sought to assess the types and patterns of atrial arrhythmias, associated factors, and age-related trends.


METHODS
A multicenter cohort study enrolled 482 patients with congenital heart disease and atrial arrhythmias, age 32.0 ± 18.0 years, 45.2% female, from 12 North American centers. Qualifying arrhythmias were classified by a blinded adjudicating committee.


RESULTS
The most common presenting arrhythmia was intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia (IART) (61.6%), followed by atrial fibrillation (28.8%), and focal atrial tachycardia (9.5%). The proportion of arrhythmias due to IART increased with congenital heart disease complexity from 47.2% to 62.1% to 67.0% in patients with simple, moderate, and complex defects, respectively (p = 0.0013). Atrial fibrillation increased with age to surpass IART as the most common arrhythmia in those ≥50 years of age (51.2% vs. 44.2%; p < 0.0001). Older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.024 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010 to 1.039; p = 0.001) and hypertension (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.71; p = 0.029) were independently associated with atrial fibrillation. During a mean follow-up of 11.3 ± 9.4 years, the predominant arrhythmia pattern was paroxysmal in 62.3%, persistent in 28.2%, and permanent in 9.5%. Permanent atrial arrhythmias increased with age from 3.1% to 22.6% in patients <20 years to ≥50 years, respectively (p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
IART is the most common presenting atrial arrhythmia in patients with congenital heart disease, with a predominantly paroxysmal pattern. However, atrial fibrillation increases in prevalence and atrial arrhythmias progressively become permanent as the population ages.