LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Burn mortality during 1982 to 1997 in Kuwait

The study group is comprised of 234 patients (6.4%) who died out of 3680 patients treated for burn injuries during the period January 1982 to December 1997 in Kuwait. There were 112 (47.9%) males and 122 (52.1%) females and their mean age was 30 years (range 1–93) when compared with 24 years among survivors. The high mortality amongst two age groups 0–5 years (39 deaths, 16.7%) and 16–35 years (109 deaths, 46.6%) shows their vulnerability in the society. In 190 patients (81.2%) the burn injuries occurred at home. A total of 216 patients (92.3%) sustained flame burns mainly due to clothes on fire (40.6%) and cooking gas accidents (25.2%), and in 18 patients (7.7%) the burns were due to scalds. The suicidal burns occurred in 22 female and 5 male patients mainly of younger age groups. The mean percentage of burns was 71% (range 9–100%) as against 20% amongst survivors, and 195 patients (83.3%) had ≥ 50% total body surface area (TBSA) burn. Four patients (1.7%) had superficial dermal burns, 94 (40.2%) had full thickness and 136 (58.1%) had mixed with full thickness burns predominance. The associated inhalation injury was diagnosed in 132 patients (56.4%). A total of 61 patients (26.1%) had either single or multiple pre-existing diseases and 51 of them sustained flame burns. The day of death varied from 1 to 103 days (mean 16 days) but 58 patients (24.8%) died within 48 hours of post burn. A total of 120 patients (51.3%) died due to septicaemia, 83 (35.5%) due to renal failure, 28 (10.2%) due to multi-organ failure, and 7 (3.0%) due to bronchopneumonia. The overall mortality rate was 6.4%, but this has significantly lowered to 4.4% (p= < 0.01) during last four years probably due to better burn care. The study thus shows that age group 0–5 and 16–35 years, domestic accidents, flame burn, inhalation injury, and pre-existing diseases are risk factors and septicaemia as the dominant cause of death in our patients.
Is a history of trauma associated with a reduced likelihood of cervical cancer screening?

OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypothesis that a history of trauma (especially sexual trauma) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having had medically appropriate cervical cancer screening.


STUDY DESIGN
A case-control study using mailed self-report questionnaires.


POPULATION
The questionnaires were completed by an age-stratified random sample of adult women members of a large health maintenance organization. The sample included 364 women who had received medically appropriate cervical cancer screening and 372 who had not.


OUTCOMES MEASURED
We defined cases as women who, according to their medical record, had not had cervical cancer screening within 2 years before the study. Controls were defined as women who had been screened. We evaluated exposures to trauma that we hypothesized to be associated with the case/control state.


RESULTS
Women who had been sexually abused in childhood were less likely to have had a Pap smear within the past 2 years (36.0% vs. 50.4%, P =.050). Other traumatic events were associated with Pap testing in bivariate analyses but not when demographic characteristics and clinic location were controlled. Childhood sexual abuse remained associated with reduced odds of Pap screening in logistic regression analyses that controlled for clinic location, demographics, attitudes about Pap screening, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that childhood sexual abuse may lead to decreased probability of screening for cervical cancer, potentially contributing to the poorer health seen in other studies of women who have been sexually abused.
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling of Tissue Electrical Conductivity during Pulsed Electric Fields for Irreversible Electroporation Treatment Planning

Irreversible electroporation is a new technique to kill cells in targeted tissue, such as tumors, through a nonthermal mechanism using electric pulses to irrecoverably disrupt the cell membrane. Treatment effects relate to the tissue electric field distribution, which can be predicted with numerical modeling for therapy planning. Pulse effects will change the cell and tissue properties through thermal and electroporation (EP)-based processes. This investigation characterizes these changes by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of ex vivo renal porcine tissue within a single pulse and for a 200 pulse protocol. These changes are incorporated into an equivalent circuit model for cells and tissue with a variable EP-based resistance, providing a potential method to estimate conductivity as a function of electric field and pulse length for other tissues. Finally, a numerical model using a human kidney volumetric mesh evaluated how treatment predictions vary when EP- and temperature-based electrical conductivity changes are incorporated. We conclude that significant changes in predicted outcomes will occur when the experimental results are applied to the numerical model, where the direction and degree of change varies with the electric field considered.
Deep Learning for User Comment Moderation

Experimenting with a new dataset of 1.6M user comments from a Greek news portal and existing datasets of English Wikipedia comments, we show that an RNN outperforms the previous state of the art in moderation. A deep, classification-specific attention mechanism improves further the overall performance of the RNN. We also compare against a CNN and a word-list baseline, considering both fully automatic and semi-automatic moderation.
The Beau Monde: Fashionable Society in Georgian London

Introduction: the 'brilliant vortex' 1. The beau monde: London's little coterie 2. Leading the fashion: 'a most brilliant shew' 3. Life in the town: 'all together and all distinct' 4. Politics and fashionable life: 'all the chatter chitter I heard' 5. The court and fashionable display: 'most tastefully spangled' 6. Beauties: 'so pow'rful her charms' 7. Risk, exile and fraud: a changeable world Conclusion Notes Index
Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining

Sentiment analysis and opinion mining is the field of study that analyzes people’s opinions, sentiments, evaluations, attitudes, and emotions from written language. It is one of the most active research areas in natural language processing and is also widely studied in data mining, Web mining, and text mining. In fact, this research has spread outside of computer science to the management sciences and social sciences due to its importance to business and society as a whole. The growing importance of sentiment analysis coincides with the growth of social media such as reviews, forum discussions, blogs, micro-blogs, Twitter, and social networks. For the first time in human history, we now have a huge volume of opinionated data recorded in digital form for analysis. Sentiment analysis systems are being applied in almost every business and social domain because opinions are central to almost all human activities and are key influencers of our behaviors. Our beliefs and perceptions of reality, and the choices we make, are largely conditioned on how others see and evaluate the world. For this reason, when we need to make a decision we often seek out the opinions of others. This is true not only for individuals but also for organizations. This book is a comprehensive introductory and survey text. It covers all important topics and the latest developments in the field with over 400 references. It is suitable for students, researchers and practitioners who are interested in social media analysis in general and sentiment analysis in particular. Lecturers can readily use it in class for courses on natural language processing, social media analysis, text mining, and data mining. Lecture slides are also available online. KEywORDS sentiment analysis, opinion mining, emotion, affect, evaluation, attitude, mood, social media, natural language progressing, text mining. vi
Cognitive change, strategic action and organizational renewal

Organizational renewal requires that a firm's top managers make timely adjustments in their mental models following significant changes in the environment. Our initial propositions about the difference between renewal and decline focused on whether similar organizations in similar contexts differ in their ability to recognize significant changes in their environments. Analysis of longitudinal data from a matched pair of U.S. railroads suggested, however, that renewal hinges not so much on noticing new conditions, but on being able to link environmental change to corporate strategy and to modify that linkage over time. In the successful company we studied organizational renewal is a continuous process of first and second order changes in cognitive maps.
Autoimmune diseases and reproductive aging.

As the population ages, more individuals with autoimmune diseases are experiencing reproductive senescence. Understanding the impact of menopause and age-related androgen decline on disease onset and course, as well as the potential for hormonal interventions, is critically important. In men, lupus erythematosis (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with lower androgen levels. However, the impact of age-related declines in testosterone, as well as of testosterone replacement, on disease course remains underexplored. In women, the course of all three diseases with onset after the age of menopause differs from that with onset before menopause. Early age at menopause is associated with increased disease risk, and after menopause, disease course changes in SLE and RA. Less is known about MS. This article summarizes what is known about the relationship between reproductive aging and autoimmune diseases in men and women, and highlights areas for further investigation.
Symptom Control Trials in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Qualitative Study

CONTEXT
Symptom control research in patients with advanced cancer is not common. This may be the result of a belief that this research is unethical, not practical, or that patients are not interested. However, the experiences of cancer patients who have actually taken part in symptom control research near the end of life have never been detailed.


OBJECTIVES
The objective was to explore the experiences of patients with advanced cancer who had taken part in symptom control trials.


METHODS
A prospective two-center study was undertaken using grounded theory methodology. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit patients from one of two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials studying novel analgesic agents for cancer-related pain. Participants completed one semistructured interview. Recruitment and interviewing continued until data saturation was achieved.


RESULTS
Twenty-one participants were recruited. Fifteen (71%) were male, with a mean age of 62 years. Key themes identified included reasons for trial participation, participants' interactions with the trial staff, and participants' responses to the effect the trial had on their pain. In general, participants regarded taking part in a clinical trial as a positive experience, and potentially improving overall well-being. Crucially, this was not related to whether there had been an improvement in symptoms.


CONCLUSION
The findings provide grounds for optimism that patients with advanced cancer may benefit from taking part in symptom control trials, supporting the paradigm that participation in symptom control research should be encouraged in this population.
Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improved lipocentric but not glucocentric markers of insulin sensitivity in hypertriglyceridemic men.

BACKGROUND
Increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with increases in insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results from animal intervention studies and human epidemiological studies suggest that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent and reverse IR, but results from human intervention studies have varied. Results from some human and animal studies suggest that docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) may be more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) in the prevention of IR.


METHODS
By using a placebo-controlled, parallel study design, we examined the effects of DHA supplementation (3 grams/day, 90 days) in the absence of EPA on glucocentric and lipocentric markers of IR in hypertriglyceridemic men (n=14-17/group).


RESULTS
DHA supplementation increased fasting plasma glucose concentration by 4.7% (P<0.05), but did not alter other indices of IR based on fasting (insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) or postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations (areas under curves for insulin and glucose, Matsuda index). Glucose increased by 2.7% in the placebo group and was not significant; increases in glucose in the two groups did not differ from each other. DHA decreased circulating concentrations of several lipocentric markers of IR, including plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (13.0%), small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (21.7%), and ratio of tryglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) (34.0%) (P<0.05). None of the variables changed in the placebo group.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that lipocentric markers of IR are more responsive to DHA supplementation than the glucocentric markers. Future studies with DHA in prediabetic subjects and direct measures of insulin sensitivity are needed.
Normative Validity, Cultural Identity, and Ideology Critique

Following a critical reconstruction of the shift from norms of communication (Habermas) to norms of identity formation (Honneth), and thus from conditions of argumentation to conditions of recognition, the paper argues that a non-foundationalist critique of ideology must be based on a theory of motivation and social mobilization.
Algebraic Approaches to Graph Transformation - Part I: Basic Concepts and Double Pushout Approach

The algebraic approaches to graph transformation are based on the concept of gluing of graphs, modelled by pushouts in suitable categories of graphs and graph morphisms. This allows one not only to give an explicit algebraic or set theoretical description of the constructions, but also to use concepts and results from category theory in order to build up a rich theory and to give elegant proofs even in complex situations. In this chapter we start with an overwiev of the basic notions common to the two algebraic approaches, the "double-pushout (DPO) approach" and the "single-pushout (SPO) approach"; next we present the classical theory and some recent development of the double-pushout approach. The next chapter is devoted instead to the single-pushout approach, and it is closed by a comparison between the two approaches. -- This document will appear as a chapter of the "The Handbook of Graph Grammars. Volume I: Foundations", G. Rozenberg (Ed.), World Scientific.
Biofloc technology (BFT) and its application towards improved production in freshwater tilapia culture.

Biofloc technology (BFT) has beneficial effects in aquaculture management, including water quality, feeding and disease control. Application of BFT in aquaculture offers a solution to avoid the environmental impact of high nutrient discharges and to reduce the use of artificial feed. In BFT, excess of nutrients in aquaculture systems are converted into microbial biomass, which can be consumed by the cultured animals as a food source. This technology, to a certain extent, has also the capacity to control pathogens in aquaculture. A review of the previous studies demonstrated that the benefits of BFT are also evident in the freshwater tilapia culture to include improved production through lower feed conversion rate, better nutrition, optimum water quality and health. The basic principles and mechanisms of the BFT are already established, however, this technology needs fine-tuning and its implementation needs further intensive research in order to make this technology a major feature of future sustainable freshwater tilapia aquaculture.
Community-Based Screening by Colonoscopy or Computed Tomographic Colonography in Asymptomatic Average-Risk Subjects

OBJECTIVES:Visualizing the entire colorectum in screening is an advantage of colonoscopy, and also computed tomographic (CT) colonography, another potentially suitable screening test. Our objective was to compare screening CT colonography and colonoscopy in an asymptomatic average-risk population, and to determine whether providing a choice of tests increased participation.METHODS:One thousand and four hundred subjects from the general community, randomly selected from the parliamentary electoral roll, were allocated one of three screening groups: colonoscopy, CT colonography, or a choice of these tests, and were sent an institutional letter of invitation. Those with symptoms, colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives, or colonoscopy within 5 yr were ineligible. Outcome measures were participation, acceptability of screening, and yield for advanced colorectal neoplasia in participants.RESULTS:Of the subjects, 24.9% were ineligible; the overall participation rate was 18.2% (184/1,009). Participation in each screening group was not different. Both tests were accompanied by the same high levels of acceptability; most participants found colonoscopy (87%) and CT colonography (67%, p < 0.001) less unpleasant than expected. About 29% (26/89) CT colonography subjects had a positive screening test. The yield of advanced colorectal neoplasia was 8.7% (95% CI 5–14%), with no difference in yield between tests.CONCLUSION:Colorectal neoplasia screening by colonoscopy or CT colonography was associated with modest participation, high levels of acceptability, and similar yield for advanced colorectal neoplasia. Providing a choice of test did not increase participation.
Massive open online courses: higher education's digital moment?

2 Massive open online courses CONTENTS Foreword 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 4 1: Characteristics of current developments 6 Massive growth 7 Open online pedagogy 14 Course credit and credentials 19 2: Responding to the digital challenge 22 Supporting educational missions 23 Driving internationalisation 23 Diversifying learning pathways 24 Restructuring costs 25 Sharing education services 26 Driving learning research and development 27 Reforming the core 28 3: Making the most of MOOCs 29 1 FOREWORD The rapid development of 'massive open online courses' is currently generating considerable excitement in the world of higher education. With the potential for a great democratic shift, MOOCs offer a chance for millions of people, whoever they are, wherever they are, to follow courses led by distinguished scholars, and at the same time connect with a community of like-minded fellow learners around the globe. And for the moment at least, access to these courses is entirely free. In turn, academics and institutions are able to communicate with people on a scale that was barely imaginable just a few years ago. To many, this looks like a revolutionary moment, heralding a new era for higher education. As with most revolutions, at this early stage it is very hard to predict what the outcomes might be, either for the way people access higher education, or for the way it is provided. Any discussion of MOOCs immediately throws up a series of challenging questions. Can the free provision of content continue to be rolled out, to the massive extent that is now possible, in a way that is financially sustainable, or will it need to depend on philanthropic or other kinds of public investment? Can an entirely open online course, with hundreds of thousands of students enrolled, provide students with the learning and qualifications that they need to develop personally and professionally? Can these types of courses be accredited in a way that gives employers the confidence that they are recruiting individuals with the authenticated skills and qualities needed for the success of their organisations? Who will want to pay to go to a traditional university, and what sort of experience will they expect, if they can access the lectures of world-leading scholars for free? These developments are indicative of a wider set of developments that are happening beyond the world of education. They are part of a sea change in attitude towards online spaces across our lives, …
Analysis of Fault-Tolerant Performance of a Doubly Salient Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive Using Transient Cosimulation Method

Doubly salient permanent-magnet (DSPM) motors offer the advantages of high power density and high efficiency. In this paper, it is examined that the DSPM motor is a new class of fault-tolerant machines, a potential candidate for many applications where reliability and power density are of importance. Fault analysis is performed in a DSPM motor drive, including internal and external faults. Due to the fact that the experimentation on a true motor drive for such a purpose is impractical because of its high cost and difficulty to make, a new cosimulation model of a DSPM motor drive is developed using coupled magnetic and electric circuit solvers. Last, to improve the performance of a DSPM motor drive with an open-circuited fault, a fault compensation strategy is proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented, showing the effectiveness of the proposed cosimulation method and the high performance of the fault-tolerant characteristic of DSPM motor drives.
Symplectic 4-manifolds as branched coverings of ℂℙ2

We show that every compact symplectic 4-manifold X can be topologically realized as a covering of CP branched along a smooth symplectic curve inX which projects as an immersed curve with cusps in CP. Furthermore, the covering map can be chosen to be approximately pseudo-holomorphic with respect to any given almost-complex structure
Validity of predischarge measures for predicting time to harm in older adults.

BACKGROUND
Concern is often expressed about the ability of persons with cognitive impairment to manage safely after discharge home from hospital. Measures validated for predicting safety are required.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether two predischarge functional measures were valid for predicting time to incident of harm after discharge.


METHOD
Participants (n = 47) were recruited from an inpatient rehabilitation unit. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and Cognitive Performance Test (CPT) were administered in hospital. Incident-of-harm outcome was measured by caregiver telephone questionnaire monthly for 6 months.


FINDINGS
Compared with all independent variables, AMPS Process scale was the best single predictor of time to incident of harm (p = .01). CPT had a high specificity (91%) for identifying persons who did not have harm.


IMPLICATIONS
Both AMPS and CPT demonstrated predictive validity for harm outcome over less predictive variables, such as comorbidities and activities-of-daily-living burden of care.
Toxic hexavalent chromium reduction by Bacillus pumilis, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and Exiguobacterium

Three bacterial strains Bacillus pumilis , Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and Exiguobacterium were investigated when grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium at 500 μg/mL Cr(VI). The hexavalent chromium reduction was measured by growing the strains in DeLeo and Ehrlich (1994) medium at 200 and 400 μg/mL K 2 CrO 4 . The optimal Cr (VI) reduction by strains B . pumilis , Exigubacterium and C . cellulans was 51%, 39%, and 41%, respectively, at an initial K 2 CrO 4 concentration of 200 μg/mL at pH 3 and temperature 37°C. At an initial chromate concentration of 400 μg/mL, the Cr(VI) reduction by strains B . pumilis , Exigubacterium and C . cellulans was 24%, 19%, and 18%, respectively at pH 3 at 37°C after 24 h. These strains have ability to reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to the less mobile trivalent chromium at a wide range of different environmental conditions and can be useful for the treatment of contaminated wastewater and soils. Keyword : chromium; bioremediation; heavy metals; Bacillus pumilis; Exiguobacterium; Cellulosimicrobium cellulans