LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health: evidence from Brazil.

OBJECTIVE
To assess time trends in the contribution of processed foods to food purchases made by Brazilian households and to explore the potential impact on the overall quality of the diet.


DESIGN
Application of a new classification of foodstuffs based on extent and purpose of food processing to data collected by comparable probabilistic household budget surveys. The classification assigns foodstuffs to the following groups: unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1); processed culinary ingredients (Group 2); or ultra-processed ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat food products (Group 3).


SETTING
Eleven metropolitan areas of Brazil.


SUBJECTS
Households; n 13,611 in 1987-8, n 16,014 in 1995-5 and n 13,848 in 2002-3.


RESULTS
Over the last three decades, the household consumption of Group 1 and Group 2 foods has been steadily replaced by consumption of Group 3 ultra-processed food products, both overall and in lower- and upper-income groups. In the 2002-3 survey, Group 3 items represented more than one-quarter of total energy (more than one-third for higher-income households). The overall nutrient profile of Group 3 items, compared with that of Group 1 and Group 2 items, revealed more added sugar, more saturated fat, more sodium, less fibre and much higher energy density.


CONCLUSIONS
The high energy density and the unfavourable nutrition profiling of Group 3 food products, and also their potential harmful effects on eating and drinking behaviours, indicate that governments and health authorities should use all possible methods, including legislation and statutory regulation, to halt and reverse the replacement of minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients by ultra-processed food products.
A Speculation on the Future of the Bank for International Settlements

As banks become more international they are increasingly subject to differing and often inconsistent legal systems. A single international bank regulator would solve many problems. The Committee on Banking Supervision at the Bank for International Settlements is growing in stature and may achieve this position.
Aligning practice redesign and interprofessional education to advance triple aim outcomes

Achieving the goals of health care reform – described by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement as the ‘‘Triple Aim’’ – will place new demands on the health care workforce. Interprofessional team-based care, quality and process improvement, and population health management are not skills that have been emphasized in traditional health professions education and training. Preparing health professionals to meet these demands will require significant changes in education and training – changes that can only occur if educational institutions align with practices, health systems and the communities they serve. Together they must define the knowledge and skills required for better care, added value, and improved health outcomes, and together they must align and integrate health professions education with the reformation and redesign of health systems that are currently underway. This commentary describes a case example of what such change could look like, reviews current opportunities and challenges to progress, and offers a review of current initiatives and opportunities to move forward toward an optimal alignment of practice and education that will improve population health, reduce costs, and improve the quality of care.
Ictal cognitive assessment of partial seizures and pseudoseizures.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies suggest that responsiveness is impaired during complex partial seizures (CPS) and pseudoseizures (PS); however, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic comparison using both response and memory testing.


OBJECTIVE
To compare CPS with PS using ictal cognitive assessment (ICA) of responsiveness and memory.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We used a nonautomated method of ICA by bedside observers, consisting of family members and staff, during video electroencephalographic monitoring to test responsiveness and memory during the ictal phase in 245 events. We assessed the adequacy of testing and compared the testing results in 31 patients during CPS and 13 patients during PS.


RESULTS
The ictal presentation of a command was successful in 58% of the events. The ictal presentation of at least 2 memory items with testing for recall after orientation was adequate in 57% of events. Impaired responsiveness was shown during both CPS and PS. However, some response was detected during 48% of PS compared with 18% of CPS (P<.01). Memory items were recalled during 63% of PS but during only 4% of CPS (P<.001). The International Classification of Epileptic Seizures remained useful, but in 11 events (8%), distinguishing complex from simple partial seizures was difficult. Recall of various types of stimuli (aural-verbal vs visual-pictorial) during ICA did not correlate with the side or location of the seizure focus, but this may have been confounded by the rarity of any memory recall during CPS.


CONCLUSIONS
Ictal cognitive assessment by bedside observers is practical and provides the interaction necessary for properly classifying seizures; ICA, especially memory, may help to distinguish CPS from PS.
P-selectin Is Acylated with Palmitic Acid and Stearic Acid at Cysteine 766 through a Thioester Linkage *

Tetsuro FujimotoS, Eric Stroudj, Ralph E. Whatleyj, Stephen M. Prescottj, Laszlo Muszbekll, Michael Laposatall, and Rodger P. McEverS** From the 4 W. K. Warren Medical Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, the §Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, the IIDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, University School of Medicine, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary, and the I( Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
Safety and Tolerability of CSL112, a Reconstituted, Infusible, Plasma-Derived Apolipoprotein A-I, After Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND
Human or recombinant apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and to regress atherosclerotic disease in animal and clinical studies. CSL112 is an infusible, plasma-derived apoA-I that has been studied in normal subjects or those with stable coronary artery disease. This study aimed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CSL112 in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction.


METHODS
The AEGIS-I trial (Apo-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes I) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Patients with myocardial infarction were stratified by renal function and randomized 1:1:1 to CSL112 (2 g apoA-I per dose) and high-dose CSL112 (6 g apoA-I per dose), or placebo for 4 consecutive weekly infusions. Coprimary safety end points were occurrence of either a hepatic safety event (an increase in alanine transaminase >3 times the upper limit of normal or an increase in total bilirubin >2 times the upper limit of normal) or a renal safety event (an increase in serum creatinine >1.5 times the baseline value or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy).


RESULTS
A total of 1258 patients were randomized, and 91.2% received all 4 infusions. The difference in incidence rates for an increase in alanine transaminase or total bilirubin between both CSL112 arms and placebo was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 4%. Similarly, the difference in incidence rates for an increase in serum creatinine or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 5%. CSL112 was associated with increases in apoA-I and ex vivo cholesterol efflux similar to that achieved in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In regard to the secondary efficacy end point, the risk for the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events among the groups was similar.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with acute myocardial infarction, 4 weekly infusions of CSL112 are feasible, well tolerated, and not associated with any significant alterations in liver or kidney function or other safety concern. The ability of CSL112 to acutely enhance cholesterol efflux was confirmed. The potential benefit of CSL112 to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events needs to be assessed in an adequately powered phase 3 trial.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02108262.
Learning to Hash with Binary Deep Neural Network

Contributions • Define hash function as a deep network • In order to deal with binary constraints, instead of involving the sgn or step function as in previous work, our design constrains one layer to directly output the binary codes • Propose a framework to solve the resulting NP-hard optimization with binary constraints • Directly incorporate the independence and balance properties on the codes • Ensure the similarity preserving → Binary Deep Neural Network for both unsupervised and supervised hashing
A climbing parallel robot: a robot to climb along tubular and metallic structures

This article presents the promising applications that can be obtained from parallel robots for climbing. It explores the most important aspects of the mechanical design and control of climbing parallel robots (CPRs) based on the Stewart-Gough's (S-G) platform for tasks in tubular or metallic structures.
Considerations in the usage of text to speech (TTS) in the creation of natural sounding voice enabled web systems

The voice enabled web is a combination of XML based markup languages, speech recognition, text to speech (TTS) and web technologies. Key to the success of voice enabled web applications is the “naturalness” of the interface. Users are much more likely to interact with a system they feel comfortable with and that responds in a human like way. This paper describes the deployment of TTS in commercial voice enabled web systems and considers whether the excessive usage of TTS can be detrimental to users perceptions of the system.
Hybrid Therapy with Right Atrial Catheter Ablation and Previously Ineffective Antiarrhythmic Drugs for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Many patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) become refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Early studies suggested that linear catheter ablation in the right atrium may provide sufficient substrate modification to reestablish therapeutic efficacy of previously ineffective AADs. Methods: This prospective before-after multicenter trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of hybrid therapy that included right atrial catheter ablation coupled with a regimen of previously ineffective AADs on AF episode frequency and symptoms in drug refractory patients with paroxysmal AF. A standard linear lesion set (lateral, septal, isthmus) was used in all subjects. AF episode frequency, clinical arrhythmia symptoms, condition-specific (AFSS) and global health-related quality of life (SF-36) were assessed prior to ablation and at 6 months. Results: Ninety-three subjects, refractory to an average 2.9 AADs at baseline, qualified for inclusion and underwent right atrial catheter ablation. Eighty-four subjects (90%) provided 6 month AF episode frequency data which demonstrated a significant decrease compared to baseline (3.4 vs. 9.5, p < 0.0001). Forty-nine subjects (58%) were considered a clinical success by virtue of achieving a pre-specified target level episode frequency reduction of 50% or greater. Substantial and statistically significant improvements were realized almost uniformly for all measured arrhythmia symptoms as well as for both quality of life measures. The incidence of major complications was 5.4%. Conclusions: The addition of right atrial catheter ablation to a regimen of previously ineffective AADs is associated with a significant reduction in the frequency, duration and severity of AF episodes and symptoms.
Improvement of psychic and somatic symptoms in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder: examination from a duloxetine, venlafaxine extended-release and placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
This study examined the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine and venlafaxine extended-release (XR) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with a secondary focus on psychic and somatic symptoms within GAD.


METHOD
The design was a 10-week, multi-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study of duloxetine (20 mg or 60-120 mg once daily) and venlafaxine XR (75-225 mg once daily) treatment. Efficacy was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), which includes psychic and somatic factor scores. Tolerability was measured by occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and discontinuation rates.


RESULTS
Adult out-patients (mean age 42.8 years; 57.1% women) with DSM-IV-defined GAD were randomly assigned to placebo (n=170), duloxetine 20 mg (n=84), duloxetine 60-120 mg (n=158) or venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg (n=169) treatment. Each of the three active treatment groups had significantly greater improvements on HAMA total score from baseline to endpoint compared with placebo (p=0.01-0.001). For the HAMA psychic factor score, both duloxetine treatment arms and venlafaxine XR demonstrated significantly greater improvement compared with placebo (p=0.01-0.001). For the HAMA somatic factor score, the mean improvement in the duloxetine 60-120 mg and venlafaxine XR groups was significantly greater than placebo (p0.05 and p0.01 respectively), whose mean improvement did not differ from the duloxetine 20 mg group (p=0.07). Groups did not differ in study discontinuation rate due to adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Duloxetine and venlafaxine treatment were each efficacious for improvement of core psychic anxiety symptoms and associated somatic symptoms for adults with GAD.
Treatment of Darier's disease with photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a photosensitizer has been reported in the treatment of both neoplastic and benign cutaneous disorders.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in selected patients with Darier's disease (keratosis follicularis).


METHODS
Six patients with Darier's disease were assessed before and after treatment with PDT using 5-ALA and mean fluence rates of 110-150 mW cm-2.


RESULTS
Of the six patients, one was unable to tolerate the treatment. Of the remaining five, all experienced an initial inflammatory response that lasted two to three weeks. In four of the five patients, this was followed by sustained clearance or improvement over a followup period of six months to three years. Three of these four patients were on systemic retinoids and the fourth had discontinued acitretin prior to PDT. In the fifth patient partial improvement was followed by recurrence after etretinate therapy was discontinued. Biopsy specimens taken immediately after the procedure in two patients demonstrated a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in the dermis. A biopsy obtained eighteen months after PDT from a successfully treated area showed no signs of Darier's disease and a subtle increase of collagen in the upper dermis.


CONCLUSIONS
Photodynamic therapy can be viewed as a potential adjunctive modality for Darier's disease but should not be considered as a substitute for retinoids in patients who require systemic treatment.
A survey on cloud computing and its types

Cloud computing model is treated as prominent emerging technology in current business. It provides flexible infrastructure and easy way of handling a bulky data necessary to run organization successfully. What it's all about is on demand service with tiniest financial risk and quality service with least cost. In this paper, we are going to deliberate the concept of cloud computing and its varioustypes. We also figure out some advantages offered by cloud along with some flaws.
Cancer Survivorship in Rural and Urban Adults: A Descriptive and Mixed Methods Study.

PURPOSE
Rural-dwelling cancer survivors (CSs) are at risk for decrements in health and well-being due to decreased access to health care and support resources. This study compares the impact of cancer in rural- and urban-dwelling adult CSs living in 2 regions of the Pacific Northwest.


METHODS
A convenience sample of posttreatment adult CSs (N = 132) completed the Impact of Cancer version 2 (IOCv2) and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-short form. High and low scorers on the IOCv2 participated in an in-depth interview (n = 19).


FINDINGS
The sample was predominantly middle-aged (mean age 58) and female (84%). Mean time since treatment completion was 6.7 years. Cancer diagnoses represented included breast (56%), gynecologic (9%), lymphoma (8%), head and neck (6%), and colorectal (5%). Comparisons across geographic regions show statistically significant differences in body concerns, worry, negative impact, and employment concerns. Rural-urban differences from interview data include access to health care, care coordination, connecting/community, thinking about death and dying, public/private journey, and advocacy.


CONCLUSION
The insights into the differences and similarities between rural and urban CSs challenge the prevalent assumptions about rural-dwelling CSs and their risk for negative outcomes. A common theme across the study findings was community. Access to health care may not be the driver of the survivorship experience. Findings can influence health care providers and survivorship program development, building on the strengths of both rural and urban living and the engagement of the survivorship community.
Software Engineering Education in the Modern Age, Software Education and Training Sessions at the International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2005, St. Louis, MO, USA, May 15-21, 2005, Revised Lectures

On Software Engineering Education.- Reflections on Software Engineering Education.- Reflections on Software Engineering 2004, the ACM/IEEE-CS Guidelines for Undergraduate Programs in Software Engineering.- State of the Art and Practice: Creativity and Rigor.- Deciding What to Design: Closing a Gap in Software Engineering Education.- A Pedagogical View on Software Modeling and Graph-Structured Diagrams.- Do Students Recognize Ambiguity in Software Specifications? A Multi-national, Multi-institutional Report.- The Groupthink Specification Exercise.- Challenges for Industries and Academia.- The Making of a Software Engineer.- The Challenges of Software Engineering Education.- Future Directions.- A Strategy for Content Reusability with Product Lines Derived from Experience in Online Education.- Informatics: A Novel, Contextualized Approach to Software Engineering Education.- Software Engineering Education in the Era of Outsourcing, Distributed Development, and Open Source Software: Challenges and Opportunities.- On the Education of Future Software Engineers.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of maraviroc in treatment-experienced patients infected with non-R5 HIV-1.

BACKGROUND
Maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, is active against R5 but not X4 or dual- or mixed-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A phase 2b study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of maraviroc in combination with optimized background therapy in treatment-experienced patients infected with dual- or mixed-tropic HIV-1.


METHODS
Treatment-experienced patients with an HIV-1 RNA level 5000 copies/mL who had received 3 classes of drugs and/or were infected with virus resistant to 2 drug classes and were infected with non-R5 HIV-1 were randomized to receive optimized background therapy plus maraviroc (once or twice daily) or placebo. The primary end point was change in HIV-1 RNA level from baseline to 24 weeks.


RESULTS
Among 167 patients infected with dual- or mixed-tropic HIV-1, baseline mean HIV-1 RNA levels were >5 log(10) copies/mL and median CD4(+) cell counts were <50 cells/microL. From baseline to 24 weeks, patients who received placebo demonstrated a mean decrease in HIV-1 RNA levels of 0.97 log(10) copies/mL, compared with mean decreases of 0.91 and 1.20 log(10) copies/mL for those who received maraviroc once (P =.83) or twice (P +.38) daily, respectively. Mean increases in CD4(+) cell counts from baseline were 36 cells/microL for patients who received placebo, 60 cells/microL among patients who received maraviroc once daily, and 62 cells/microL among patients who received maraviroc twice daily. The incidences of serious adverse events were similar among groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In this exploratory study involving extensively treatment-experienced patients with advanced, non-R5 HIV-1 infection, neither superiority nor noninferiority was statistically demonstrated for either maraviroc dosage compared with placebo at 24 weeks of treatment.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00098748 .
Primary care physician specialty referral decision making: patient, physician, and health care system determinants.

PURPOSE
To examine the effects of patient, physician, and health care system characteristics on primary care physicians' (PCPs') specialty referral decision making.


METHODS
Physicians (n=142) and their practices (n=83) located in 30 states completed background questionnaires and collected survey data for all patient visits (n=34,069) made during 15 consecutive workdays. The authors modeled the occurrence of any specialty referral, which occurred during 5.2% of visits, as a function of patient, physician, and health care system structural characteristics. A subanalysis was done to examine determinants of referrals made for discretionary indications (17% of referrals), operationalized as problems commonly managed by PCPs, high level of diagnostic and therapeutic certainty, low urgency for specialist involvement, and cognitive assistance only requested from the specialist.


RESULTS
Patient characteristics had the largest effects in the any-referral model. Other variables associated with an increased risk of referral included PCPs with less tolerance of uncertainty, larger practice size, health plans with gate-keeping arrangements, and practices with high levels of managed care. The risk of a referral being made for discretionary reasons was increased by capitated primary care payment, internal medicine specialty of the PCP, high concentration of specialists in the community, and higher levels of managed care in the practice.


CONCLUSIONS
PCPs' referral decisions are influenced by a complex mix of patient, physician, and health care system structural characteristics. Factors associated with more discretionary referrals may lower PCPs' thresholds for referring problems that could have been managed in their entirety within primary care settings.
A Stereo and Color-based Method for Face Pose Estimation and Facial Feature Extraction

This paper describes a method to perform face pose estimation and high resolution facial feature extraction on the basis of stereoscopic color images. Unlike other approaches no light projection is required at running time. In our method face detection is based on color driven clustering of 3D points derived from stereo. A mesh model is registered with the post-processed face cluster using a variant of the iterative closest point algorithm (ICP). Pose is derived from correspondence. Then, pose and model information is used for face normalization and facial feature localization. Results show, stereo and color are powerful cues for finding the face and its pose under a wide range of poses, illuminations and expressions (PIE). Head orientation may vary in out of plane rotations up to plusmn45deg