LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A pilot cohort study of the determinants of longitudinal opioid use after surgery.

BACKGROUND
Determinants of the duration of opioid use after surgery have not been reported. We hypothesized that both preoperative psychological distress and substance abuse would predict more prolonged opioid use after surgery.


METHODS
Between January 2007 and April 2009, a prospective, longitudinal inception cohort study enrolled 109 of 134 consecutively approached patients undergoing mastectomy, lumpectomy, thoracotomy, total knee replacement, or total hip replacement. We measured preoperative psychological distress and substance use, and then measured the daily use of opioids until patients reported the cessation of both opioid consumption and pain. The primary end point was time to opioid cessation. All analyses were controlled for the type of surgery done.


RESULTS
Overall, 6% of patients continued on new opioids 150 days after surgery. Preoperative prescribed opioid use, depressive symptoms, and increased self-perceived risk of addiction were each independently associated with more prolonged opioid use. Preoperative prescribed opioid use was associated with a 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51%-87%) reduction in the rate of opioid cessation after surgery (P = 0.0009). Additionally, each 1-point increase (on a 4-point scale) of self-perceived risk of addiction was associated with a 53% (95% CI 23%-71%) reduction in the rate of opioid cessation (P = 0.003). Independent of preoperative opioid use and self-perceived risk of addiction, each 10-point increase on a preoperative Beck Depression Inventory II was associated with a 42% (95% CI 18%-58%) reduction in the rate of opioid cessation (P = 0.002). The variance in the duration of postoperative opioid use was better predicted by preoperative prescribed opioid use, self-perceived risk of addiction, and depressive symptoms than postoperative pain duration or severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative factors, including legitimate prescribed opioid use, self-perceived risk of addiction, and depressive symptoms each independently predicted more prolonged opioid use after surgery. Each of these factors was a better predictor of prolonged opioid use than postoperative pain duration or severity.
Energy efficient virtual machine placement algorithm with balanced and improved resource utilization in a data center

Powerful data centers are the essential supporting infrastructure for mobile, ubiquitous, and cognitive computing, which are the most popular computing paradigms to utilize all kinds of physical resources and provide various services. To ensure the high quality of services, the performance and cost of a data center is a critical factor. In this paper, we investigate the issue of increasing the resource utilization of data centers to improve their performance and lower the cost. It is an efficient way to increase resource utilization via resource sharing. Technically, server virtualization provides the opportunity to share resources in data centers. However, it also introduces other problems, the primary problem being virtualmachine placement (VMP),which is to choose a proper physicalmachine (PM) to deploy virtual machines (VMs) in runtime. We study the virtual machine placement problem with the target of minimizing the total energy consumption by the running of PMs, which is also an indication of resource utilization and the cost of a data center. Due to themultiple dimensionality of physical resources, there always exists a waste of resources, which results from the imbalanced use ofmulti-dimensional resources. To characterize the multi-dimensional resource usage states of PMs, we present a multi-dimensional space partition model. Based on this model, we then propose a virtual machine placement algorithm EAGLE, which can balance the utilization ofmulti-dimensional resources, reduce the number of running PMs, and thus lower the energy consumption. We also evaluate our proposed balanced algorithm EAGLE via extensive simulations and experiments on real traces. Experimental results show, over the long run, that EAGLE can save as much as 15% more energy than the first fit algorithm. Crown Copyright© 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New inroads in preventing adolescent drug use: results from a large-scale trial of project ALERT in middle schools.

OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the revised Project ALERT drug prevention program across a wide variety of Midwestern schools and communities.


METHODS
Fifty-five South Dakota middle schools were randomly assigned to program or control conditions. Treatment group students received 11 lessons in 7th grade and 3 more in 8th grade. Program effects for 4276 8th-graders were assessed 18 months after baseline.


RESULTS
The revised Project ALERT curriculum curbed cigarette and marijuana use initiation, current and regular cigarette use, and alcohol misuse. Reductions ranged from 19% to 39%. Program effects were not significant for initial and current drinking or for current and regular marijuana use.


CONCLUSIONS
School-based drug prevention programs can prevent occasional and more serious drug use, help low- to high-risk adolescents, and be effective in diverse school environments.
Towards real-time crops surveillance for disease classification: exploiting parallelism in computer vision

Abstract Considering the incessantly increasing economic losses due to plant diseases in the agricultural sector, we have designed a real-time system capable of classifying plant diseases. In this context, we have proposed an image processing algorithm that transforms the image into three colorspaces, which are processed simultaneously. The algorithm executes in a series of intermediate steps, including contrast stretching, feature vector construction, and identification of salient regions. To enable effective execution, we have also proposed the underlying On-Chip communication architecture that allows efficient interconnection between the three digital signal processing cores, each processing its own colorspace. The architecture has been synthesized for 90 nm process, as well as on an FPGA, achieving a post-layout operational frequency of 644 MHz, and an area of 1208.9 µm 2 on the die. We demonstrate that our system outperforms few existing works in literature in terms of accuracy and computation time.
A randomized, controlled trial to teach middle school children to recognize stroke and call 911: the kids identifying and defeating stroke project.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Underutilization of acute stroke therapy is driven by delay to hospital arrival. We present the primary results of a pilot, randomized, controlled trial to encourage calling 911 for witnessed stroke among middle school children and their parents.


METHODS
This project occurred in Corpus Christi, an urban Texas community of 325,000. Three intervention and 3 control schools were randomly selected. The intervention contained 12 hours of classroom instruction divided among sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Parents were educated indirectly through homework assignments. Two-sample t tests were used to compare pretest and posttest responses.


RESULTS
Domain 1 test questions involved stroke pathophysiology. Intervention students improved from 29% to 34% correct; control students changed from 28% to 25%. Domain 2 test questions involved stroke symptom knowledge. Intervention school students changed from 28% correct to 43%; control school students answered 25% correctly on the pretest and 29% on the posttest. Domain 3 test questions involved what to do for witnessed stroke. Intervention school students answered 36% of questions correctly on the pretest and 54% correctly on the posttest, whereas control students changed from 32% correct to 34%. A comparison of change in the mean proportion correct over time between intervention and control students was P<0.001 for each of the 3 individual domains. A poor parental response rate impaired the ability to assess parental improvement.


CONCLUSIONS
A scientific, theory-based, educational intervention can potentially improve intent to call 911 for stroke among middle school children. A different mechanism is needed to effectively diffuse the curriculum to parents.
Conflict Detection and Resolution in Context-Aware Authorization

Pervasive computing environments introduce new requirements in expressiveness and flexibility of access control policies which are almost addressable leveraging contextual information. Although context-awareness augments the expressiveness of policies, it increases the probability of arising conflicts. Generally, context-aware authorizations are defined using some contextual constraints on the involved entities in an access request. Accordingly, principles like "more specific overrides", which are employed to resolve possible conflicts, are required to consider the contextual constraints. In this paper, we formalize the use of context constraints in a typical context-aware multi-authority policy model; each authority is capable of defining an expressive conflict resolution policy leveraging context-based precedence establishment principles. Based on the policy model, we propose a comprehensive graph-based approach to resolve conflicts. The strength of the approach is that conflict detection which requires context-based inference is almost done statically and resolution is left for run-time.
Lower facial remodeling with botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of
masseter hypertrophy*

BACKGROUND
Masseter hypertrophy has been treated with botulinum toxin injections because of esthetic complaints especially in Asians.


OBJECTIVES
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of abobotulin toxin use in masseter hipertrophy treatment in Brazilians.


METHODS
Ten Brazilian female patients with masseter hypertrophy were subjected to injections of 90U of abobotulinum toxin A applied on each side respecting the safety zone stabilished in literature and were followed up for 24 weeks.


RESULTS
When analyzing the coefficients between measures of middle and lower third of the face obtained from standardized photographs, an increase was observed, with statistical significance at 2 weeks (p=0.005) and 12 weeks (p=0.001). The progression of lower third reduction was 3.94%, 5.26%, 11.99%, and 5.47% (2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks respectively). All patients showed improvement in bruxism after treatment. Observed adverse effects were masticatory fatigue, smile limitation, and smile asymmetry.


CONCLUSION
The use of abobotulinum toxin A for masseter hypertrophy is effective in Brazilians and reached its maximum effect of facial thinning at 12 weeks. Smile limitation had a higher incidence compared to that reported in the literature and may result from risorius muscle blockage caused by toxin dissemination. Despite its side effects, 80% of the patients would like to repeat the treatment.
Cognitive impairment in adult ADHD--perspective matters!

OBJECTIVE
The assessment of cognitive functions of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises self-ratings of cognitive functioning (subjective assessment) as well as psychometric testing (objective neuropsychological assessment). The aim of the present study was to explore the utility of these assessment strategies in predicting neuropsychological impairments of adults with ADHD as determined by both approaches.


METHOD
Fifty-five adults with ADHD and 66 healthy participants were assessed with regard to cognitive functioning in several domains by employing subjective and objective measurement tools. Significance and effect sizes for differences between groups as well as the proportion of patients with impairments were analyzed. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses were carried out in order to explore the validity of subjective and objective cognitive measures in predicting cognitive impairments.


RESULTS
Both subjective and objective assessment tools revealed significant cognitive dysfunctions in adults with ADHD. The majority of patients displayed considerable impairments in all cognitive domains assessed. A comparison of effect sizes, however, showed larger dysfunctions in the subjective assessment than in the objective assessment. Furthermore, logistic regression models indicated that subjective cognitive complaints could not be predicted by objective measures of cognition and vice versa.


CONCLUSIONS
Subjective and objective assessment tools were found to be sensitive in revealing cognitive dysfunctions of adults with ADHD. Because of the weak association between subjective and objective measurements, it was concluded that subjective and objective measurements are both important for clinical practice but may provide distinct types of information and capture different aspects of functioning.
Penalty-free 10 Gb/s NRZ transmission over 100 km of standard fiber at 1.55 μm with a blue-chirp modulator integrated DFB laser

We present transmission beyond the dispersion limit with a blue-chirp modulator integrated DFB laser for the first time. By suppressing the hole pile-up in the modulator, stable modulation characteristics were realized in negative /spl alpha/ regime. Blue-chirp operation was clearly observed by time-resolved dynamic chirp measurement. Penalty-free 10 Gb/s transmission over 100 km of standard fiber at 1.55 /spl mu/m was demonstrated with the device. This modulator integrated DFB laser is promising for use as a high-power blue-chirp transmitter in multigigabit transmission systems.
Enhanced CNN Based Electron Microscopy Image Segmentation

Detecting the neural processes like axons and dendrites needs high quality SEM images. This paper proposes an approach using perceptual grouping via a graph cut and its combinations with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to achieve improved segmentation of SEM images. Experimental results demonstrate improved computational efficiency with linear running time.
Challenges of design and practical application of LTCC chip antennas

In this paper key challenges related to design, manufacturing and practical application of small LTCC antennas are described and discussed. A summary of the state of the art in LTCC antenna technology is presented and then the focus is put on limitations that have to be taken into account in the course of antenna design and manufacturing. Finally, some aspects related to practical application of LTCC antennas are discussed.
Kindlin-2 inhibited the growth and migration of colorectal cancer cells

Activation of Wingless (Wnt)/beta-catenin signaling is a hallmark of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). It is very important to find out the molecular mechanism for the hyperactivation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and identify novel therapeutic targets. Kindlin-2, a regulator of integrins, recently has been found to be involved in the tumorigenesis. However, its expression profile and functions in the progression of CRC remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the expression of Kindlin-2 was downregulated in the CRC tissues. Moreover, overexpression of Kindlin-2 in CRC cells and normal colon epithelial cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while downregulation of Kindlin-2 promoted the tumorigenecity of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 decreased the phosphorylation of Ser9 in glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta and promoted the ubiquitination of beta-catenin. Taken together, our study suggests the suppressive roles of Kindlin-2 in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Local to regional scale industrial heavy metal pollution recorded in sediments of large freshwater lakes in central Europe (lakes Geneva and Lucerne) over the last centuries.

This research first focuses on the spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metals from contrasting environments (highly polluted to deepwater sites) of Lake Geneva. The mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) records from two deepwater sites show that the heavy metal variations before the industrial period are primarily linked to natural weathering input of trace elements. By opposition, the discharge of industrial treated wastewaters into Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva during the second part of the 20th century, involved the sedimentation of highly metal-contaminated sediments in the area surrounding the WWTP outlet pipe discharge. Eventually, a new Pb isotope record of sediments from Lake Lucerne identifies the long-term increasing anthropogenic lead pollution after ca. 1500, probably due to the development of metallurgical activities during the High Middle Ages. These data furthermore allows to compare the recent anthropogenic sources of water pollution from three of the largest freshwater lakes of Western Europe (lakes Geneva, Lucerne, and Constance). High increases in Pb and Hg highlight the regional impact of industrial pollution after ca. 1750-1850, and the decrease of metal pollution in the 1980s due to the effects of remediation strategies such as the implementation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, at all the studied sites, the recent metal concentrations remain higher than pre-industrial levels. Moreover, the local scale pollution data reveal two highly contaminated sites (>100 μg Pb/g dry weight sediment) by industrial activities, during the late-19th and early-20th centuries (Lake Lucerne) and during the second part of the 20th century (Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva). Overall, the regional scale pollution history inferred from the three large and deep perialpine lakes points out at the pollution of water systems by heavy metals during the last two centuries due to the discharge of industrial effluents.
[Accelerated postoperative radiotherapy in patients with advanced larynx cancer].

AIM
The aim of study was test efficacy of accelerated postoperative radiotherapy--concomitant boost in patients with advanced larynx cancer.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
The prospective study included 112 patients with advanced larynx cancer after radical surgical treatment. Patients had postoperative radiation therapy, conventional (C) or accelerated (CB).


RESULTS
The 3-year overall survival in CB was 59%, in C--58% (p = 0.2), 3-year locoregional control in CB--83%, in C--75% (p = 0.01), the 3-year disease free survival was in CB--72%, C--66% (p = 0.1).


CONCLUSION
Concomitant boost postoperative radiation therapy did not improve overall survival, loco-regional control, disease free survival. Patients with close surgical margins, longer interval between surgery and radiation, high level of hemoglobin, T4 had benefit from accelerated radiotherapy.
Noscapine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents and cytokines by modulating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.

Noscapine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from opium, was recently reported to exhibit activity against a variety of cancers through a poorly understood mechanism. Because the transcription factor NF-kappaB has been linked with inflammation, survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in tumors, we hypothesized that noscapine mediates its effects by modulating the NF-kappaB activation pathway. We found that noscapine potentiates apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents in tumor cells. Noscapine alone suppressed proliferation of human leukemia and myeloma cells and downregulated the constitutive expression of cell survival proteins. Noscapine also abrogated the inducible expression of proteins involved in survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, all of which are regulated by NF-kappaB. Noscapine suppressed both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation in tumor cells through inhibition of IkappaB kinase, leading to inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Noscapine also suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB reporter activity induced by various components of the NF-kappaB activation pathway. Activity of the NF-kappaB-containing cyclooxygenase-2 promoter was also inhibited by noscapine. Thus, noscapine inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells and sensitizes them to tumor necrosis factor and chemotherapeutic agents by suppressing the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
What approaches work best for teaching secure coding practices

The same vulnerabilities continue to appear in code, over and over again, yet many educational institutions continue to teach programming as they always have. Some high-tech companies have found it necessary to establish ongoing security training for their developers to make up for the absence of college-level, secure coding curriculum. Recently, the thread model, which integrates security concepts into existing Computer and Information Science curricula, has been recognized as effective, while not impacting resourcelimited institutions with a complete curriculum change. Using the thread approach, we developed curricula inserts that include a programming assignment using a threat modeling tool, a design assignment applying a secure software development life cycle, a study comparing nonsecure with secure code, and a re-documentation technique that produces secure code from non-secure programs. We introduced these curriculum assets during a secure coding workshop for instructors. Their responses to assessment surveys provide insight into what approaches work best.
Treatment patterns in major depressive disorder after an inadequate response to first-line antidepressant treatment

BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to determine the most common pharmacological strategies used in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) after an inadequate response to first-line antidepressant treatment in clinical practice.


METHODS
Multicenter, non-interventional study in adult outpatients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of MDD and inadequate response to first-line antidepressant medication. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with the adoption of a specific second-line strategy.


RESULTS
A total of 273 patients were analyzed (mean age: 46.8 years, 67.8% female). Baseline mean Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score was 32.1 (95%CI 31.2-32.9). The most common strategies were: switching antidepressant medication (39.6%), augmentation (18.8%), and combination therapy (17.9%). Atypical antipsychotic drugs were the most commonly used agent for augmenting antidepressant effect. The presence of psychotic symptoms and the number of previous major depressive episodes were associated with the adoption of augmenting strategy (OR = 3.2 and 1.2, respectively).


CONCLUSION
The switch to another antidepressant agent was the most common second-line therapeutic approach. Psychiatrists chose augmentation based on a worse patients' clinical profile (number of previous episodes and presence of psychotic symptoms).
The rise of the entrepreneurial economy and the future of dynamic capitalism

A major shift in the organization of developed economies has been taking place: away from what has been characterized as the managed economy towards the entrepreneurial economy, or what Kirchhoff (1994) has called dynamic capitalism. However, the factors underlying this observed shift have not been identified in a systematic manner. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main factors leading to this shift and implications for public policy. In particular, we find that technological change is a fundamental catalyst underlying the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy. However, it was not just technological change but rather involved a multitude of factors, ranging from the demise of the communist system, increased globalization, corporate reorganization, increased knowledge production and higher levels of prosperity. Recognition of the causes of the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy implies a shift in public policy directions. Rather than to focus directly and exclusively on promoting new firms and small firms, it may be that the current approach to entrepreneurship policy is misguided. The priority should not be on entrepreneurship policy but rather a more pervasive and encompassing approach, policy consistent with an entrepreneurial economy, in order to foster dynamic