LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Grammar, Writing, and Technology: A Sample Technology-supported Approach to Teaching Grammar and Improving Writing for ESL Learners

English language learners are frequently unable to benefit from the prevailing process-writing approaches due to a lack of grammar and vocabulary knowledge relevant to academic writing. This paper describes how the need for explicit grammar instruction as part of preparing students to write can be addressed by using a collection of learner texts and transforming that collection into an online grammar resource for intermediate nonnative speakers (NNS) of English. Drawing on research in grammar and writing, the use of learner texts, and online interactivity, we outline the development and the prototype of the Internet Writing Resource for the Innovative Teaching of English (iWRITE). We discuss how the judicious use of advanced technology (e.g., XML) facilitated the implementation of iWRITE, an example of one possible approach to embodying aspects of second language acquisition (SLA) theory while taking advantage of the Web’s potential for interactivity.
A Microstructural Approach to Cytoskeletal Mechanics based on Tensegrity

Mechanical properties of living cells are commonly described in terms of the laws of continuum mechanics. The purpose of this report is to consider the implications of an alternative approach that emphasizes the discrete nature of stress bearing elements in the cell and is based on the known structural properties of the cytoskeleton. We have noted previously that tensegrity architecture seems to capture essential qualitative features of cytoskeletal shape distortion in adherent cells (Ingber, 1993a; Wang et al., 1993). Here we extend those qualitative notions into a formal microstructural analysis. On the basis of that analysis we attempt to identify unifying principles that might underlie the shape stability of the cytoskeleton. For simplicity, we focus on a tensegrity structure containing six rigid struts interconnected by 24 linearly elastic cables. Cables carry initial tension (‘‘prestress’’) counterbalanced by compression of struts. Two cases of interconnectedness between cables and struts are considered: one where they are connected by pin-joints, and the other where the cables run through frictionless loops at the junctions. At the molecular level, the pinned structure may represent the case in which different cytoskeletal filaments are cross-linked whereas the looped structure represents the case where they are free to slip past one another. The system is then subjected to uniaxial stretching. Using the principal of virtual work, stretching force vs. extension and structural stiffness vs. stretching force relationships are calculated for different prestresses. The stiffness is found to increase with increasing prestress and, at a given prestress, to increase approximately linearly with increasing stretching force. This behavior is consistent with observations in living endothelial cells exposed to shear stresses (Wang & Ingber, 1994). At a given prestress, the pinned structure is found to be stiffer than the looped one, a result consistent with data on mechanical behavior of isolated, cross-linked and uncross-linked actin networks (Wachsstock et al., 1993). On the basis of our analysis we concluded that architecture and the prestress of the cytoskeleton might be key features that underlie a cell’s ability to regulate its shape. 7 1996 Academic Press Limited
Signaling Status with Luxury Goods : The Role of Brand Prominence

The authors would like to thank the Marketing Science Institute for their generous assistance in funding this research. We would also like to thank Claritas for providing us with data. We are indebted to Vincent Bastien, former CEO of Louis Vuitton, for the time he has spent with us critiquing our framework.
Phototherapy to prevent severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation.

OBJECTIVE
To standardize the use of phototherapy consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation.


METHODS
Relevant literature was reviewed. Phototherapy devices currently marketed in the United States that incorporate fluorescent, halogen, fiber-optic, or blue light-emitting diode light sources were assessed in the laboratory.


RESULTS
The efficacy of phototherapy units varies widely because of differences in light source and configuration. The following characteristics of a device contribute to its effectiveness: (1) emission of light in the blue-to-green range that overlaps the in vivo plasma bilirubin absorption spectrum (~460-490 nm); (2) irradiance of at least 30 μW · cm(-2) · nm(-1) (confirmed with an appropriate irradiance meter calibrated over the appropriate wavelength range); (3) illumination of maximal body surface; and (4) demonstration of a decrease in total bilirubin concentrations during the first 4 to 6 hours of exposure. RECOMMENDATIONS (SEE APPENDIX FOR GRADING DEFINITION): The intensity and spectral output of phototherapy devices is useful in predicting potential effectiveness in treating hyperbilirubinemia (group B recommendation). Clinical effectiveness should be evaluated before and monitored during use (group B recommendation). Blocking the light source or reducing exposed body surface should be avoided (group B recommendation). Standardization of irradiance meters, improvements in device design, and lower-upper limits of light intensity for phototherapy units merit further study. Comparing the in vivo performance of devices is not practical, in general, and alternative procedures need to be explored.
An Educational Guide to Extract the Parameters of Heavy Duty Gas Turbines Model in Dynamic Studies Based on Operational Data

In this paper, the parameters of Rowen's model for heavy duty gas turbines in dynamic studies are estimated by use of available operational and performance data. The work is aimed to create insight into various parts of the model and to introduce a simple and comprehensive procedure to derive the parameters out of simple physical laws, focusing especially on trainers and students who are interested in dynamic models and simulations. A 172-MW simple cycle, single shaft heavy duty gas turbine and its available operational data are also presented and studied for deriving the parameters of the model. Gas turbine parameters are approximated by using simple thermodynamic assumptions, resulting in good correspondence with typical values. The step response of the model is also simulated for few scenarios and is presented.
Reciprocal Mentoring: Can it Help Prevent Attrition for Beginning Teachers?

Forty per cent of new teachers in Australia leave the profession in the first five years (Ingersoll, 2012; Watt & Richardson, 2011; Hartsuyker, 2007). Stress, induction failure and professional isolation have been identified as key attrition factors. Mentoring has been used both internationally and in Australia to enhance induction and reduce professional isolation; however, these mentoring relationships are often fragile and there is a need to establish more effective mentoring models (Paris, 2010; Hartsuyker, 2007). Reciprocal Mentoring (RM) pairs two equal, though differently skilled, experts who act in the role of mentor and mentee to each other for mutual benefit. The RM approach is designed to support beginning teachers as they transition to the profession and to facilitate improved retention. The ‘Better Transition to Teaching’ inquiry was initiated by Edith Cowan University in 2011. It investigated the impact of RM on the first year experience of 11 (visual arts) Western Australian beginning teachers, following their participation in an RM residency in 2010. A major outcome of the research was that at the end of the first year all beginning teacher participants were still working in the profession. All reported experiencing personal/professional challenges during their first year and, importantly, the support of mentors appeared to make a significant and positive difference to the participants’ transition experience and their first year of teaching.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMERS ’ GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOR : AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this modern era of societal marketing business ethics and social responsibility are becoming the guiding themes for marketing strategies and practices. Within the field of ethics and social responsibility environmental and green marketing topics are the central topics, which are closely related to biodiversity and sustainability. This paper suggests a different approach to assessing the variables of consumers’ green purchasing behavior. Based on thoroughly researched secondary data, this conceptual paper suggests a framework integrating the so far incoherent frameworks as proposed by previous authors. Emanating from this eclectic and chronological literature review, the paper will also propose further missing links that need to be included in the proposed integrated framework. Based on this holistic framework, in a future study, the authors will explain a sustainability index of green consumer behavior, which will be tested empirically in the study. In fact, from the proposed integrated framework, in total eight vital factors/aspects of green/environmental issues are likely to have an impact on consumer green purchasing behavior. Demographic variables will play an intervening or mediating role in the framework. .
Raltegravir pharmacokinetics during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of raltegravir in HIV-infected women during pregnancy and postpartum.


METHODS
International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials 1026s is an ongoing prospective study of antiretroviral PK during pregnancy (NCT00042289). Women receiving 400 mg raltegravir twice daily in combination antiretroviral therapy had intensive steady-state 12-hour PK profiles performed during pregnancy and at 6- to 12-week postpartum. Targets were trough concentration above 0.035 μg/mL, the estimated 10th percentile in nonpregnant historical controls.


RESULTS
Median raltegravir area under the curve was 6.6 μg·h/mL for second trimester (n = 16), 5.4 μg·h/mL for third trimester (n = 41), and 11.6 μg·h/mL postpartum (n = 38) (P = 0.03 postpartum vs second trimester, P = 0.001 pp vs third trimester). Trough concentrations were above the target in 69%, 80%, and 79% of second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum subjects, respectively, with wide variability (<0.010-0.917 μg/mL), and no significant difference between third trimester and postpartum trough concentrations was detected. The median ratio of cord blood/maternal raltegravir concentrations was 1.5. HIV RNA levels were <400 copies per milliliter in 92% of women at delivery. Adverse events included elevated liver transaminases in 1 woman and vomiting in 1. All infants with known status are HIV uninfected.


CONCLUSIONS
Median raltegravir area under the curve was reduced by approximately 50% during pregnancy; trough concentrations were frequently below target both during late pregnancy and postpartum. Raltegravir readily crossed the placenta. High rates of viral suppression at delivery and the lack of a clear relationship between raltegravir concentration and virologic effect in nonpregnant adults suggest that despite the decreased exposure during pregnancy, a higher dose is not necessary.
The toxic triangle : Destructive leaders , susceptible followers , and conducive environments

Destructive leadership entails the negative consequences that result from a confluence of destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. We review how destructive leadership has been discussed in the literature and note that it has not been clearly defined. Building on prior research, we develop a definition of destructive leadership that emphasizes negative outcomes for organizations and individuals linked with and affected by them. Then we outline the toxic triangle: the characteristics of leaders, followers, and environmental contexts connected with destructive leadership. We illustrate the dynamics of the framework using Fidel Castro's career as the dictator of Cuba. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Oil of Oregano Properties and Uses

Introduction Origanum vulgare (the scientific name of oregano) has been studied in depth due to a number of interesting and exciting potential clinical uses. There is also an ongoing interest in a number of industries to replace synthetic chemicals with natural products that have similar properties. Many bioactive compounds can be found in aromatic plants, and there are a number of different ways they can be extracted. In one study, the major components of oregano essential oils were found to be carvacrol, beta-fenchyl alcohol, thymol, and gamma-terpinene.[1] A hot-water extraction was found to be the best method of extracting antioxidant properties and provided the highest phenolic content. This study also tested the oregano extracts against seven bacterial cultures, but they were ineffective. However, the essential oil itself was able to inhibit the growth of all bacteria, causing greater reductions on both Listeria strains that were tested.
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration and Learning

Complex environmental problem solving depends on cross-disciplinary collaboration among scientists. Collaborative research must be preceded by an exploratory phase of collective thinking that creates shared conceptual frameworks. Collective thinking, in a cross-disciplinary setting, depends on the facility with which collaborators are able to learn and understand each others’ perspectives. This paper applies three perspectives on learning to the problem of enabling cross-disciplinary collaboration: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, constructivism, and organizational learning. Application of learning frameworks to collaboration provides insights regarding receptive environments for collaboration, and processes that facilitate cross-disciplinary interactions. These environments and interactions need time to develop and require a long phase of idea generation preceding any focused research effort. The findings highlight that collaboration is itself a complex system of people, scientific theory, and tools that must be intentionally managed. Effective management of the system requires leaders who are facilitators and are capable of orchestrating effective environments and interactions.
Is Active Impedance the Key to a Breakthrough for Legged Robots?

This work addresses the question whether active impedance control is key to a breakthrough for legged robots. In this paper, we will talk about controlling the mechanical impedance of joints and legs with a focus on stiffness and damping control. In contrast to passive elements like springs, active impedance is achieved by torque-controlled joints allowing real-time adjustment of stiffness and damping. We argue that legged robots require a high degree of versatility and flexibility to execute a wide range of assistive tasks to be truly useful to humans and thus to lead to a breakthrough. Adjustable stiffness and damping in realtime is a fundamental building block towards versatility. Experiments with our 80 kg hydraulic quadruped robot HyQ demonstrate that active impedance alone (thus no springs in the structure) can successfully emulate passively compliant elements during highly-dynamic locomotion tasks (running and hopping); and, that no springs are needed to protect the actuation system. Here we present results of a flying trot, also referred to as running trot. To the authors’ best knowledge this is the first time a flying trot was successfully implemented on a robot without passive elements such as springs. A critical discussion on the pros and cons of active impedance concludes the paper. Claudio Semini and Marco Frigerio Dept. of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova e-mail: claudio.semini@iit.it, claudio@semini.ch and marco.frigerio@iit.it Victor Barasuol PPGEAS Dept. of Automation and Systems, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianpolis, SC, Brazil e-mail: victor.barasuol@posgrad.ufsc.br Thiago Boaventura and Jonas Buchli Agile & Dexterous Robotics Lab, ETH Zurich, Tannenstr. 3, 8092 Zürich e-mail: tboaventura@ethz.ch and buchlij@ethz.ch 1 Preprint to appear in 'Proceedings of International Symposium of Robotics Research (ISRR) 2013', Springer STAR Series
Comparison of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for long-term pain relief in patients with chronic low back pain.

UNLABELLED
The long-term effect of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) on chronic low back pain (LBP) is unclear. We evaluated the number of sessions for which PENS should be performed to alleviate chronic LBP and how long analgesia is sustained. Patients underwent treatment on a twice-weekly schedule for 8 wk. Group A (n = 18) received PENS for 8 wk, group B (n = 17) received PENS for the first 4 wk and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the second 4 wk, and group C (n = 18) received TENS for 8 wk. Pain level, degree of physical impairment, and the daily intake of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were assessed before the first treatment, 3 days after Week 2, Week 4, and Week 8 treatments, and at 1 and 2 mo after the sessions. During PENS therapy, the pain level decreased significantly from Week 2 in Groups A and B (P < 0.05 or 0.01), and physical impairment and required NSAIDs decreased significantly from Week 4 (P < 0.05 or 0.01) in Group A but only at Week 4 in Group B (P < 0.05 or 0.01). These effects were sustained until 1-mo follow-up (P < 0.01) in Group A but not in Group B; these effects were not observed at 2-mo follow-up even in Group A. In Group C, pain level decreased significantly only at Week 8 (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that repeated PENS is more effective than TENS for chronic LBP but must be continued to sustain the analgesic effect.


IMPLICATIONS
A cumulative analgesic effect was observed in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) after repeated percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS), but this effect gradually faded after the treatment was terminated. Results indicate that although PENS is effective for chronic LBP, treatments need to be continued to sustain analgesia.
Agile and SPICE Capability Levels

The paper presents the results of an exercise that considers the principles of the Agile Manifesto and of the Declaration of Interdependence, and evaluate how much their implementation is compatible with a high target profile in a Spice Assessment.
SmartSync : An Integrated Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring and Structural Identi fi cation System for Tall Buildings

This study introduces a unique prototype system for structural health monitoring (SHM), SmartSync, which uses the building’s existing Internet backbone as a system of virtual instrumentation cables to permit modular and largely plug-and-play deployments. Within this framework, data streams from distributed heterogeneous sensors are pushed through network interfaces in real time and seamlessly synchronized and aggregated by a centralized server, which performs basic data acquisition, event triggering, and database management while also providing an interface for data visualization and analysis that can be securely accessed. The system enables a scalable approach to monitoring tall and complex structures that can readily interface a variety of sensors and data formats (analog and digital) and can even accommodate variable sampling rates. This study overviews the SmartSync system, its installation/operation in theworld’s tallest building, Burj Khalifa, and proof-of-concept in triggering under dual excitations (wind and earthquake).DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000560. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: High-rise buildings; Structural health monitoring; Wind loads; Earthquakes. Author keywords: Tall buildings; Structural health monitoring; System identification.
Metabolic profiling and targeted lipidomics reveals a disturbed lipid profile in mothers and fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction

Fetal growth may be impaired by poor placental function or maternal conditions, each of which can influence the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the developing fetus. Large-scale studies of metabolites (metabolomics) are key to understand cellular metabolism and pathophysiology of human conditions. Herein, maternal and cord blood plasma samples were used for NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting and profiling, including analysis of the enrichment of circulating lipid classes and subclasses, as well as the number of sub-fraction particles and their size. Changes in phosphatidylcholines and glycoproteins were prominent in growth-restricted fetuses indicating significant alterations in their abundance and biophysical properties. Lipoprotein profiles showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol-intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), triglycerides-IDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mothers of growth-restricted fetuses compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, growth-restricted fetuses had significantly higher plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides transporting lipoproteins [LDL, IDL, and VLDL, (p < 0.005; all)], as well as increased VLDL particle types (large, medium and small). Significant changes in plasma concentrations of formate, histidine, isoleucine and citrate in growth-restricted fetuses were also observed. Comprehensive metabolic profiling reveals that both, mother and fetuses of pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction have a substantial disruption in lipid metabolism.
Safety and immunogenicity of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium delivering an HIV-1 Gag antigen via the Salmonella Type III secretion system.

BACKGROUND
CKS257 (Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 DeltaphoP/phoQDelta aroA Deltaasd DeltastrA/strB pSB2131) is a live oral vaccine vector expressing HIV Gag.


METHODS
HIV Gag was expressed as a fusion protein of a Salmonella Type III secretion system protein SopE, from a balanced lethal asd-based plasmid. Eighteen healthy adults were given single escalating oral doses of 5 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(10)CFU of CKS257 and were monitored for clinical events, shedding and immune responses.


RESULTS
Adverse events were mild except at the highest dose. Volunteers shed the organism an average of 5.1 days (range 0-13 days). Eighty-three percent (15/18) of subjects had a mucosal immune response to Salmonella LPS and flagella by IgA ELISPOT assay. Seventy-two percent (13/18) of subjects seroconverted to Salmonella antigens. No volunteer had a response to recombinant Gag as measured by serology, IgA ELISPOT, or immediate ex vivo gamma-interferon ELISPOT response to Gag peptide pools. Two volunteers responded to Gag peptides by IL-2 ELISPOT, and 4 of 10 volunteers receiving >or=5 x 10(8)CFU had a response to HIV peptides in a cultured gamma-interferon ELISPOT assay.


CONCLUSIONS
Although immunogenicity of the HIV antigen needs augmentation, the attenuated Salmonella strain proved to be an excellent platform for vaccine development.