LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The rate of serious bacterial infections among HIV-infected children with immune reconstitution who have discontinued opportunistic infection prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE
Receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-infected adults. The goal of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 1008 was to evaluate prospectively the incidence of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) and other OIs after discontinuation of OI and/or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis among HIV-infected pediatric subjects who experienced immune reconstitution while receiving stable antiretroviral therapy.


METHODS
HIV-infected children and adolescents, 2 to 21 years of age, who had received OI and/or PCP prophylaxis for > or =6 months were enrolled if they had sustained responses (>16 weeks before study entry) to antiretroviral therapy, with CD4+ cell percentages of > or =20% for patients >6 years of age or > or =25% for patients 2 to 6 years of age. Prophylaxis was discontinued at entry. To identify whether any correlation existed between functional immune reconstitution and protection from OIs, subjects were immunized with the hepatitis A virus vaccine. The association between the humoral immune response and the likelihood of developing an OI was evaluated.


RESULTS
A total of 235 HIV-infected subjects from 43 participating sites had a median follow-up period of 132 weeks, yielding 547 person-years of observation. Twenty SBIs were observed among 19 subjects, resulting in an incidence rate of 3.66 SBIs per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 2.24-5.66 SBIs per 100 person-years). Sixteen of the events were presumed bacterial pneumonia, with 4 proven SBIs. One participant experienced 2 separate pneumonia episodes, of presumed bacterial cause. Ten subjects who developed SBIs had baseline CD4+ cell counts of > or =750 cells per mm3, and 15 had CD4+ cell percentages of > or =25% at the time of their SBIs. Two subjects died as a result of non-SBI-related causes. There were no statistically significant differences in changes over time in CD4+ cell counts or CD4+ cell percentages between subjects who experienced primary end points and those who did not. There was no evidence that baseline protease inhibitor use, gender, race/ethnicity, age, or CD4+ cell count or percentage affected the time to development of a SBI.


CONCLUSIONS
OI or PCP prophylaxis can be withdrawn safely for HIV-infected pediatric patients who experience CD4+ cell recovery while receiving stable antiretroviral therapy. More studies are needed to assess the association between antibody responses to neoantigens and the development of SBIs.
Securities Trading when Liquidity Providers are Informed

Securities Trading when Liquidity Providers are Informed Abstract We study securities trading when liquidity is provided by informed agents—either because dealers have superior access to market information or because informed traders exploit strategies involving limit orders. In the case of informed dealers, we show that dealers and informed traders profit more at the expense of uninformed liquidity traders when markets are transparent than when markets are opaque. This is because transparency serves as a coordination device that reduces competition among informed traders. When the informed are allowed to choose whether to trade via market orders or price contingent (limit) orders, informed traders gravitate toward limit orders. The endogenous allocation of traders to order types maximizes competition among the informed thereby minimizing expected losses to liquidity traders. This extends Glosten's (1994) conclusion on the robustness of limit order markets to a setting where liquidity is provided by informed traders and competition among liquidity providers is imperfect in equilibrium. The predictions of our model are consistent with recent empirical evidence that the price impact of limit order arrivals is greater than that of market order executions. This suggests that the usual approach in empirical microstructure research of measuring adverse selection as the trade-correlated permanent component of price changes significantly understates the true importance of adverse selection in securities markets. Introduction Models of securities trading with asymmetric information typically examine settings in which informed traders submit market orders to liquidity providers who are uninformed and perfectly competitive. For example, the dealers in Glosten and Milgrom (1985), Kyle (1985) and Easley and O'Hara (1987) have no private information and set prices to break even in expectation. Similarly, in Glosten (1994) liquidity is provided by a book of limit orders submitted by perfectly competitive uninformed traders. A few models abandon the assumption of perfect competition. Glosten (1989) examines the price schedule posted by a single monopolist specialist in a setting where market orders are submitted by a trader with information and a liquidity need. Dennert (1993), Biais, Martimort and Rochet (2000) and Bondarenko (2001), consider settings where each of a collection of profit maximizing dealers posts a separate price schedule. A single informed trader and noise traders then choose how to allocate their market orders across dealers. Though dealers are imperfectly competitive in those models, they are still uninformed. This paper relaxes the assumption that liquidity providers are uninformed. We also relax the assumption that …
Attachment Aware Schools : Working with Families to Enhance Parental Engagement and Home-School Relationships

Received: June 31, 2017 Revised: August 14, 2017 Accepted: September 12, 2017 Abstract: Background: Application of attachment theory in school contexts lacks empirical evidence. The Attachment Aware Schools pilot project was commissioned by two Local Authorities in England to improve the educational outcomes of Looked After Children, and to build an evidence base. Informed by attachment research, the Attachment Aware Schools program provides a coherent and integrated theoretical framework, discourse, and practice for all practitioners working with children and young people.
Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in two phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trials.

BACKGROUND
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are emerging as strong prognostic factor for early breast cancer patients, especially in the triple-negative subtype. Here, we aim to validate previous findings on the prognostic role of TIL in the context of two randomized adjuvant trials and to investigate whether lymphocyte infiltrates can predict benefit from adjuvant anthracyclines.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 816 patients enrolled and treated at the Gustave Roussy in the context of two multicentric randomized trials comparing adjuvant anthracyclines versus no chemotherapy were included in the present analysis. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Hematoxilin and eosin slides of primary tumors were retrieved and evaluated for the percentage of intratumoral (It) and stromal (Str) TIL. Each case was also defined as high-TIL or low-TIL breast cancer adopting previously validated cutoffs.


RESULTS
TIL were assessable for 781 of 816 cases. High-TIL cases were more likely grade 3 and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, both continuous It-TIL and Str-TIL were strong prognostic factors for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.95 P = 0.003; HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.96, P = 0.005 for It-TIL and Str-TIL, respectively]. The prognostic effect of continuous TIL was limited to triple-negative and HER2-positive patients. Ten-year OS rates were: 89% and 68% for triple-negative high-TIL and low-TIL, respectively (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18-1.10, P = 0.07) and 78% and 57% for HER2-positive high-TIL versus low-TIL, respectively (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.20-1.11, P = 0.08). Either continuous or binary TIL variables did not predict for the efficacy of anthracyclines. Test for interaction P value was not significant in the whole study population and in subgroups (ER+/HER2-, HER2+, ER-/HER2-).


CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed the prognostic role of TIL in triple-negative early breast cancer and suggested a prognostic impact in HER2+ patients as well. Basing on our data, TIL should not be used as a parameter to select patients for anthracyclines chemotherapy.
Instructional Design Models for Well-Structured and Ill-Structured Problem-Solving Learning Outcomes

Although problem solving is regarded by most educators as among the most important learning outcomes, few instructional design prescriptions are available for designing problem-solving instruction and engaging learners. This paper distinguishes between well-structured problems and ill-structured problems. Well-structured problems are constrained problems with convergent solutions that engage the application of a limited number of rules and principles within welldefined parameters. Ill-structured problems possess multiple solutions, solution paths, fewer parameters which are less manipulable, and contain uncertainty about which concepts, rules, and principles are necessary for the solution or how they are organized and which solution is best. For both types of problems, this paper presents models for how learners solve them and models for designing instruction to support problem-solving skill development. The model for solving wellstructured problems is based on information processing theories of learning, while the model for solving ill-structured problems relies on an emerging theory of ill-structured problem solving and on constructivist and situated cognition approaches to learning. PROBLEM: INSTRUCTIONAL-DESIGN MODELS FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
A case of subacute combined degeneration: MRI findings

The specific spinal cord lesion caused by vitamin B12 deficiency is known as subacute combined degeneration (SCD). Neuropathological studies of SCD show lesions mainly in the posterior and lateral columns, involving the cortico-spinal and spino-cerebellar tracts. We report a case of SCD in a 19-year-old man who presented with 4 weeks history of gradually progressing tingling in both hands. MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated symmetrical areas of T2 signal abnormality involving the dorsal columns of the cervical cord from the C2 through C5 levels associated with spinal cord expansion. He was treated with vitamin B12 supplements and experienced gradual improvement in his clinical symptoms. Repeat MRI of the cervical spine after 2 months revealed slight decrease in the area of abnormal signal.
Static performance prediction of data-dependent programs

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. WOSP2000, Ottawa, Canada, 9/2000 (c) 2000 ACM. ISBN 1-58113-195-X.
The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media attention

In this study, we compare the difference in the impact between open access (OA) and non-open access (non-OA) articles. 1761 Nature Communications articles published from 1 January 2012 to 31 August 2013 are selected as our research objects, including 587 OA articles and 1174 non-OA articles. Citation data and daily updated article-level metrics data are harvested directly from the platform of nature.com. Data is analyzed from the static versus temporal-dynamic perspectives. The OA citation advantage is confirmed, and the OA advantage is also applicable when extending the comparing from citation to article views and social media attention. More important, we find that OA papers not only have the great advantage of total downloads, but also have the feature of keeping sustained and steady downloads for a long time. For article downloads, non-OA papers only have a short period of attention, when the advantage of OA papers exists for a much longer time.
Class Association Rule Mining with Chi-Squared Test Using Genetic Network Programming

An efficient algorithm for important class association rule mining using genetic network programming (GNP) is proposed. GNP is one of the evolutionary optimization techniques, which uses directed graph structures as genes. Instead of generating a large number of candidate rules, the method can obtain a sufficient number of important association rules for classification. The proposed method measures the significance of the association via the chi-squared test. Therefore, all the extracted important rules can be used for classification directly. In addition, the method suits class association rule mining from dense databases, where many frequently occurring items are found in each tuple. Users can define conditions of extracting important class association rules. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for class association rule mining with chi-squared test using GNP and present a classifier using these extracted rules.
A Gabor Feature Classifier for Face Recognition

This paper describes a novel Gabor Feature Class$er (GFC) method for face recognition. The GFC method employs an enhanced Fisher discrimination model on an augmented Gabor feature vector; which is derived from the Gabor wavelet transformation o f f i c e images. The Gabor wavelets, whose kernels are similar to the 2 0 receptive field profiles of the nianinialian cortical simple cells, exhibit desirable characteristics of spatial locality and orientation selectivity. As a result, the Gabor transformed face images produce salient local and discriminating features that are suitable forface recognition. The feasibility of the new GFC method has been successfully tested on face recognition using 600 FERET frontal face images, which involve different illumination and varied facial expressions of 200 subjects. The effectiveness of the novel GFC method is shown in ternis of both absolute performance indices and comparative performance against some popular face recognition schemes such as the Eigenfaces method and some other Gabor wavelet based class$cation methods. In particular; the novel GFC method achieves 100% recognition accuracy using only 62features. 1
To Investigate the Success and Failure Factors of ERP Implementation within Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises

In recent years ERP, as a comprehensive new system, has been used by many Malaysian companies. It has    been successful in some and in some others it has failed. This article assesses 15 success factors and 8 failure factors in SME companies and tries to recognize the effective ones. The results show that the two most important failure factors in implementing ERP in Malaysian SMEs are 'poor planning or poor management' and 'inappropriate training methods' and the most important success factors are  'Implementing team's teamwork and composition' and ' Effective training of users'. It could be conducted that team work is a key success factor in Malaysian SMEs and also training is of vital importance. As a result, by a sound investment and effective trainings we may guarantee the success of ERP in SMEs in Malaysia, failure to do so will lead to a defeat for ERP in Malaysian setting.
Infant cortisol and behavioral habituation to weekly maternal separations: Links with maternal prenatal cortisol and psychosocial stress

INTRODUCTION
Our aim was to examine infants' behavioral and physiological stress responses to three weekly maternal separations, in relation to maternal prenatal psychosocial stress and cortisol. The hypothesis was that more prenatal stress and higher cortisol concentrations would predict smaller decreases in negative behavior and cortisol responses over the separations (i.e. less habituation).


METHODS
General and pregnancy-related feelings of stress and anxiety, as well as circadian cortisol levels, were measured in 107 mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy. At 9 months of age, infants were subjected to three weekly 1-h maternal separations in their homes. Salivary cortisol was obtained from the infants prior to the separation and at 35, 75, and 90 min after the mother had left. For each separation, the area under the curve to the ground (AUCg) was calculated to measure the infants' cortisol response, and the sum of the time spent crying and fussing was calculated to measure the infants' behavioral response.


RESULTS
Maternal pregnancy cortisol awakening response (CAR) significantly predicted infants' cortisol and behavioral responses. A lower CAR was related to a decreasing cortisol response, while a higher CAR was related to a stable cortisol response over all separations, as well as to less crying and fussing over all separations.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased maternal prenatal stress, as measured by the CAR, is related to altered behavioral and cortisol responses to a repeated stressor in the 9-month-old infant. These responses might result in prolonged periods with high cortisol levels that may affect the child's development.
Parameters favorable to intraprostatic radiation dose escalation in men with localized prostate cancer.

PURPOSE
To identify , within the framework of a current Phase I trial, whether factors related to intraprostatic cancer lesions (IPLs) or individual patients predict the feasibility of high-dose intraprostatic irradiation.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Endorectal coil MRI scans of the prostate from 42 men were evaluated for dominant IPLs. The IPLs, prostate, and critical normal tissues were contoured. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were generated with the goal of delivering 75.6 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions to the prostate, with IPLs receiving a simultaneous integrated boost of 3.6 Gy per fraction to a total dose of 151.2 Gy, 200% of the prescribed dose and the highest dose cohort in our trial. Rectal and bladder dose constraints were consistent with those outlined in current Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocols.


RESULTS
Dominant IPLs were identified in 24 patients (57.1%). Simultaneous integrated boosts (SIB) to 200% of the prescribed dose were achieved in 12 of the 24 patients without violating dose constraints. Both the distance between the IPL and rectum and the hip-to-hip patient width on planning CT scans were associated with the feasibility to plan an SIB (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0137, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of this small cohort, the distance between an intraprostatic lesion and the rectum most strongly predicted the ability to plan high-dose radiation to a dominant intraprostatic lesion. High-dose SIB planning seems possible for select intraprostatic lesions.
SecLaaS: secure logging-as-a-service for cloud forensics

Cloud computing has emerged as a popular computing paradigm in recent years. However, today's cloud computing architectures often lack support for computer forensic investigations. Analyzing various logs (e.g., process logs, network logs) plays a vital role in computer forensics. Unfortunately, collecting logs from a cloud is very hard given the black-box nature of clouds and the multi-tenant cloud models, where many users share the same processing and network resources. Researchers have proposed using log API or cloud management console to mitigate the challenges of collecting logs from cloud infrastructure. However, there has been no concrete work, which shows how to provide cloud logs to investigator while preserving users' privacy and integrity of the logs. In this paper, we introduce Secure-Logging-as-a-Service (SecLaaS), which stores virtual machines' logs and provides access to forensic investigators ensuring the confidentiality of the cloud users. Additionally, SeclaaS preserves proofs of past log and thus protects the integrity of the logs from dishonest investigators or cloud providers. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of the scheme by implementing SecLaaS for network access logs in OpenStack -- a popular open source cloud platform.
The Antitumor Activity of Plant-Derived Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids

As a therapeutic agent, most people are familiar with the palliative effects of the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa (CS), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a molecule active at both the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor subtypes. Through the activation primarily of CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, THC can reduce nausea, emesis and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. During the last decade, however, several studies have now shown that CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists can act as direct antitumor agents in a variety of aggressive cancers. In addition to THC, there are many other cannabinoids found in CS, and a majority produces little to no psychoactivity due to the inability to activate cannabinoid receptors. For example, the second most abundant cannabinoid in CS is the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Using animal models, CBD has been shown to inhibit the progression of many types of cancer including glioblastoma (GBM), breast, lung, prostate and colon cancer. This review will center on mechanisms by which CBD, and other plant-derived cannabinoids inefficient at activating cannabinoid receptors, inhibit tumor cell viability, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the stem-like potential of cancer cells. We will also discuss the ability of non-psychoactive cannabinoids to induce autophagy and apoptotic-mediated cancer cell death, and enhance the activity of first-line agents commonly used in cancer treatment.
Daily steps threshold to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors during the year after an acute coronary syndrome.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the daily steps threshold associated with improved cardiovascular disease risk factors during the first year following an acute coronary syndrome.


METHODS
Subjects (N = 41) were recruited during hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome. A blinded pedometer with a 7-day memory (NL-2000) was used at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following hospitalization. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Subjects who maintained a mean of 7500 steps per day or more at each time period were classified into the active group, whereas those who did not maintain this threshold were classified into the less active group.


RESULTS
The active group included 25 subjects, whereas 16 subjects were included in the less active group. Daily steps mean ± SEM was different between groups at 6 and 12 months followup (11 320 ± 3380 vs 5503 ± 1502 and 10 507 ± 2861 vs 6624 ± 3295 steps per day, respectively; both P < .001). Based on the analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA-RM), the active group showed lower triglycerides (P < .01), lower waist circumference (P < .01), and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = .04) at 12 months. Interaction effects (group × followup) were also significant for HDL-C (P = .01) and triglycerides (P = .01) after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline waist circumference.


CONCLUSION
Targeting $7500 daily steps during 1 year may be efficient to maintain lowest waist circumference and to improve lipid profile during the year following an acute coronary syndrome. It could be considered a starting target point to initiate changes in physical activity behavior.
Sustainable Architectural Design Decisions

Software architects must sustain design decisions to endure throughout software evolution. Several criteria can help them assess decisions' sustainability. In addition, industry and research projects have applied different techniques to make architectural design decisions sustainable; their examples offer solutions and lessons learned.