LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling

Data collection for landslide susceptibility modeling is often an inhibitive activity. This is one reason why for quite some time landslides have been described and modelled on the basis of spatially distributed values of landslide-related attributes. This paper presents landslide susceptibility analysis in the Klang Valley area, Malaysia, using back-propagation artificial neural network model. A landslide inventory map with a total of 398 landslide locations was constructed using the data from various sources. Out of 398 landslide locations, 318 (80%) of the data taken before the year 2004 was used for training the neural network model and the remaining 80 (20%) locations (post-2004 events) were used for the accuracy assessment purpose. Topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. Eleven landslide occurrence related factors were selected as: slope angle, slope aspect, curvature, altitude, distance to roads, distance to rivers, lithology, distance to faults, soil type, landcover and the normalized difference vegetation index value. For calculating the weight of the relative importance of each factor to the landslide occurrence, an artificial neural network method was developed. Each thematic layer’s weight was determined by the back-propagation training method and landslide susceptibility indices (LSI) were calculated using the trained back-propagation weights. To assess the factor effects, the weights were calculated three times, using all 11 factors in the first case, then recalculating after removal of those 4 factors that had the smallest weights, and thirdly after removal of the remaining 3 least influential factors. The effect of weights in landslide susceptibility was verified using the landslide location data. It is revealed that all factors have relatively positive effects on the landslide susceptibility maps in the study. The validation results showed sufficient agreement between the computed susceptibility maps and the existing data on landslide areas. The distribution of landslide susceptibility zones derived from ANN shows similar trends as those obtained by applying in GIS-based susceptibility procedures by the same authors (using the frequency ratio and logistic regression method) and indicates that ANN results are better than the earlier method. Among the three cases, the best accuracy (94%) was obtained in the case of the 7 factors weight, whereas 11 factors based weight showed the worst accuracy (91%). 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Photo(Graph) Gallery: An &#x201c;Exhibition&#x201d; of Graph Classification

This paper is an exhibition of graph matchingresults, in a classification context. We present Photo(Graph) Gallery, a platform that allows one to visually interpret graphmatchings. We aim at understanding the computed matchingsin order to improve the rates of graph classification. Preliminaryresults of the study performed on two data sets are also illustrated. Furthermore, a demonstrator of our proof-of-concept platform isavailable online at http://rfai.li.univ-tours.fr/PublicData/phogg/.
From knowledge theory to management practice: towards an integrated approach

This paper critically contrasts the three main schools of thought on knowledge ± namely, those that respectively conceptualize knowledge as situated in mind, process, and object ± and assesses the resulting implications for knowledge management (KM). Against the background of the existing diversity of de®nitions of KM an integrated and holistic view of the KM value chain is put forward. Within this theoretical framework ®ve main research streams (culture, knowledge location, awareness, evaluation, and absorption) are identi®ed with a view to devising a practical concept of KM applicable in a business context. With a focus on knowledge  ̄ow and detailed approaches to potential solutions, con ̄icts and compatibilities between existing business strategies and KM are examined. A conceptual model is devised to oer a holistic integration of the theoretical and practical themes in order to serve as a framework for developing a future research agenda for the development of theoretically grounded, yet practical, KM business tools and applications. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Solar cell efficiency tables ( version 36 )

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2010 are reviewed. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of delayed referral to a pediatric rheumatology center.

OBJECTIVE
To report on referral patterns of primary physicians for children subsequently diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to identify predictors of delayed referral to a pediatric rheumatology center.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with JIA referred to a pediatric rheumatology center over a 15-year period was performed. Variables included age, sex, JIA subtype, the physician's subspecialty, and distance to the pediatric rheumatology center. Outcome parameters were the time to first presentation to a primary physician, the time to the first rheumatology visit, and the total time to referral. Putative predictors were evaluated by analysis of variance, resulting in regression models.


RESULTS
A total of 132 patients with JIA were included; 83 (63%) were female. The median age at the onset of symptoms was 4.5 years (range 1.0-15.8 years). Most frequently, children were referred by pediatricians (49.4%) or orthopedic surgeons (34.1%). The median time to first presentation was short at 10 days (range 0-1,610 days). In contrast, the median time to first rheumatology visit was 60 days (range 0.0-2,100.0 days), resulting in a long median total time to referral of 90 days (range 0.0-2,160.0 days). Statistically significant predictors for delayed referral were the primary physician's subspecialty (P = 0.016) and the distance to the pediatric rheumatology center (P = 0.001). Children living in remote areas or referred by orthopedic surgeons had the longest referral times.


CONCLUSION
Despite free access to health care in Germany, children with JIA are referred to pediatric rheumatology centers with significant delay. Educational interventions targeting primary physicians and orthopedic surgeons may contribute to earlier referral to pediatric rheumatology centers and improve outcome in patients with JIA.
The Alteration of Aspart Insulin Pharmacodynamics When Mixed With Detemir Insulin

OBJECTIVE
Mixing rapid acting insulin analogs with detemir insulin to minimize daily injections has been adopted as a common regimen, especially for some children with type 1 diabetes, despite the manufacturing company's caution against mixing these analogs in the same syringe. The effect of this practice on the pharmacodynamics (PD) of rapid-acting insulin has not been widely studied. This crossover, randomized study was undertaken to determine whether mixing aspart with detemir insulin has an adverse effect on the early glucodynamic action of rapid-acting insulin analog in humans.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight adolescents with type 1 diabetes (age 17.3 ± 0.6 years and A1C 7.3 ± 0.3%) had two euglycemic glucose clamps during which 0.2 units/kg aspart and 0.4 units/kg detemir insulin were injected either as a separate or single mixed injection in random order.


RESULTS
Mixing the two insulins diminished the peak and overall early aspart insulin action with significantly lower maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR(max) separate 6.1 ± 0.7 mg/kg/min vs. mix 4.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg/min; P = 0.03) values and the area under curve for GIR during the first 3 h of the insulin action study (separate 757 ± 105 mg/kg vs. mix 491 ± 66 mg/kg; P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that mixing aspart with detemir insulin markedly lowers the early PD action of aspart and prolongs its time-action profile as compared with the separate injection of these analogs. These changes in insulin PD should be weighed against the added convenience of mixing when considering such unlicensed use of these insulins in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Comparison of myocardial contrast echocardiography with NC100100 and (99m)Tc sestamibi SPECT for detection of resting myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) following intravenous injection of perfluorocarbon microbubbles permits identification of resting myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients who have had a previous myocardial infarction.


PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS
22 patients (mean (SD) age 66 (11) years) underwent MCE after intravenous injection of NC100100, a novel perfluorocarbon containing contrast agent, and resting (99m)Tc sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). With both methods, myocardial perfusion was graded semiquantitatively as 1 = normal, 0.5 = mild defect, and 0 = severe defect.


RESULTS
Among the 203 normally contracting segments, 151 (74%) were normally perfused by SPECT and 145 (71%) by MCE. With SPECT, abnormal tracer uptake was mainly found among normally contracting segments from the inferior wall. By contrast, with MCE poor myocardial opacification was noted essentially among the normally contracting segments from the anterior and lateral walls. Of the 142 dysfunctional segments, 87 (61%) showed perfusion defects by SPECT, and 94 (66%) by MCE. With both methods, perfusion abnormalities were seen more frequently among akinetic than hypokinetic segments. MCE correctly identified 81/139 segments that exhibited a perfusion defect by SPECT (58%), and 135/206 segments that were normally perfused by SPECT (66%). Exclusion of segments with attenuation artefacts (defined as abnormal myocardial opacification or sestamibi uptake but normal contraction) by either MCE or SPECT improved both the sensitivity (76%) and the specificity (83%) of the detection of SPECT perfusion defects by MCE.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that MCE allows identification of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients who have had a previous myocardial infarction, provided that regional wall motion is simultaneously taken into account.
Modeling flank wear of carbide tool insert in metal cutting

In this paper theoretical and experimental studies are carried out to investigate the intrinsic relationship between tool flank wear and operational conditions in metal cutting processes using carbide cutting inserts. A new flank wear rate model, which combines cutting mechanics simulation and an empirical model, is developed to predict tool flank wear land width. A set of tool wear cutting tests using hard metal coated carbide cutting inserts are performed under different operational conditions. The wear of the cutting inset is evaluated and recorded using Zygo New View 5000 microscope. The results of the experimental studies indicate that cutting speed has a more dramatic effect on tool life than feed rate. The wear constants in the proposed wear rate model are determined based on the machining data and simulation results. A good agreements between the predicted and measured tool flank wear land width show that the developed tool wear model can accurately predict tool flank wear to some extent.
Long Term Outcomes of a Geriatric Liaison Intervention in Frail Elderly Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term effects after discharge of a hospital-based geriatric liaison intervention to prevent postoperative delirium in frail elderly cancer patients treated with an elective surgical procedure for a solid tumour. In addition, the effect of a postoperative delirium on long term outcomes was examined.


METHODS
A three month follow-up was performed in participants of the Liaison Intervention in Frail Elderly study, a multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Patients were randomized to standard treatment or a geriatric liaison intervention. The intervention consisted of a preoperative geriatric consultation, an individual treatment plan targeted at risk factors for delirium and daily visits by a geriatric nurse during the hospital stay. The long term outcomes included: mortality, rehospitalisation, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) functioning, return to the independent pre-operative living situation, use of supportive care, cognitive functioning and health related quality of life.


RESULTS
Data of 260 patients (intervention n = 127, Control n = 133) were analysed. There were no differences between the intervention group and usual-care group for any of the outcomes three months after discharge. The presence of postoperative delirium was associated with: an increased risk of decline in ADL functioning (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.02-6.88), an increased use of supportive assistance (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.02-5.87) and a decreased chance to return to the independent preoperative living situation (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49).


CONCLUSIONS
A hospital-based geriatric liaison intervention for the prevention of postoperative delirium in frail elderly cancer patients undergoing elective surgery for a solid tumour did not improve outcomes 3 months after discharge from hospital. The negative effect of a postoperative delirium on late outcome was confirmed.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Nederlands Trial Register, Trial ID NTR 823.
Case Study of a Computer Based Examination System.

Electronic supported assessment or e-Assessment is a field of growing importance, but it has yet to make a significant impact in the Australian higher education sector (Byrnes & Ellis, 2006). Current computer based assessment models focus on the assessment of knowledge rather than deeper understandings, using multiple choice type questions, and blocking access to more sophisticated software tools. This study explored a new system based on a customised version of an open source live CD, based on Ubuntu which was used with three groups of pre-service teachers (N=270). Students had divided opinions about using computers or paper for their examinations, but prior exposure to computer based assessment was a highly significant factor for preferring the computer medium. Reflecting upon their experience, students found the noise of computer keyboards a distraction during the eExamination and preferred fewer on-screen windows. The new system allowed eExaminations to be taken securely on student owned laptop computers and was supervised by invigilators without specialist information technology skills. The system has been made available for other researchers to use at http://www.eExaminations.org/
Continuous monitoring of PCDD/Fs in the UK atmosphere: 1991-2008.

This study summarizes the key findings of a long-term (1991-2008) monitoring program to measure polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in urban and rural ambient air in the UK. Air concentrations are reported for 6 sites-3 urban (London, Manchester, and Middlesbrough) and 3 rural/semirural (Hazelrigg, High Muffles, and Stoke Ferry). Nearly 310 samples have been analyzed, each for a 3-month period. Annually averaged urban concentrations in the early 1990s were typically a few 100s fg (TEQ) m(-3) and <50 fg m(-3) in the mid-2000s. Applying first-order kinetics to the whole urban time series gave T1/2 (atmospheric half-lives) in London and Manchester of 3.2-5.9 and 4.1-5.9 years, respectively. Estimated national annual atmospheric emissions trends broadly correlated with the trends in urban ambient concentrations, suggesting that the inventory has captured the broad mixture of sources. However, rural air concentrations (in the low 10s fg m(-3)) show no discernible change since 1996, while recent urban concentrations are close to those in rural areas. Other UK trend data infer the declines in the 1990s followed previous declines in the 1980s from peak levels in the 1950-1970s, all before routine monitoring began. Winter concentrations are generally a factor of 2-3 higher than summer concentrations, implicating diffuse combustion sources (e.g., domestic space heating). These observations taken together suggest that most major readily controllable primary/point sources were reduced by the early/mid-1990s in the UK and that current ambient levels in both rural and urban areas may remain at broadly similar levels in the foreseeable future, unless there are major changes in energy requirements and generation options, fuel usage, and policy drivers.
Combination of the square flap method and the dermal sling to correct flat or inverted nipples

A technique for the correction of flat or inverted nipples is presented. The procedure is a combination of the square flap method, which better shapes the corrected nipple, and the dermal sling, which provides good support for the repaired nipple.
An improved fruit fly optimization algorithm and its application to joint replenishment problems

Fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is one of the recent evolutionary computation approaches. This paper presents an effective and improved FOA (IFOA) for optimizing numerical functions and solving joint replenishment problems (JRPs). In the proposed IFOA, a new method of maintaining the population diversity is developed to enhance the exploration ability. Fruit flies with better fitness values use vision to fly toward a new location, and the others fly randomly in initial search space based on swarm collaboration. In addition, a new parameter to avoid the acquisition of local optimal solution is introduced to implement intelligent searching. Random perturbation is added to the updated initial location to jump out of the local optimum. Comparisons are carried out using 18 benchmark functions to verify the performance of the IFOA. Experimental results show that IFOA has better comprehensive performance than the original FOA, differential evolution algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The IFOA is also utilized to solve the typical JRPs that have been proven as non-deterministic polynomial hard problems. Comparative examples reveal that the proposed IFOA can find better solutions than the current best algorithm; thus, it is a potential tool for various complex optimization problems. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New Generation Artificial Intelligence-Driven Intelligent Manufacturing (NGAIIM)

In order to embrace new generation artificial intelligence to upgrade manufacturing industry, we propose the concept of new generation artificial intelligence-driven intelligent manufacturing (NGAIIM), which is a new manufacturing paradigm integrating human/machine/environment/information into product lifecycle activities. First, we introduce new generation artificial intelligence. Second, we present NGAIIM connotation, NGAIIM architecture and its technology system. Then, we examine a NGAIIM use case - CASICloud. Finally, we provide suggestions for directing the NGAIIM development.
Catheter tip position as a risk factor for thrombosis associated with the use of subcutaneous infusion ports

The use of subcutaneous infusion ports has become standard practice to provide a long-term venous access in oncological patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the different complications of infusion ports in our population and to identify predisposing factors. We reviewed the medical records of 437 patients who were followed at the Oncology/Haematology Department of our hospital. Of these patients, there were 370 (84.4%) with solid tumours and 58 (13.2%) with haematological disease. The position of the catheter tip was evaluated by reviewing the available chest radiographs or phlebographies. Analysis of the records showed that 346 patients (79.17%) had no complications. The most common complications after implantation were thrombosis (8.46%), catheter dysfunction (4.8%) and infections (4.4%). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that catheter tip positioning was the most important predisposing risk factor for thrombosis. Catheter tips positioned in the brachiocephalic vein or in the cranial part of the superior vena cava were associated with a high risk of thrombosis. Other significant risk factors were gender and initial diagnosis. Female patients and patients with lung cancer also had an elevated risk of developing a thrombosis. Compared to other reports, we noted a higher rate of thrombosis and port dysfunction. Since catheter tip position was a predisposing factor for developing a thrombosis, correct catheter position has to be ensured during placement. Prophylactic antithrombotic treatment might be beneficial in the event of failure to position the catheter correctly.
Computational algorithms for computing the inverse of a square matrix, quasi-inverse of a non-square matrix and block matrices

In this paper we have written out some methods to find the inverse of a non-singular matrix and also the quasi-inverse of a singular matrix. The corresponding algorithms have been used to solve the linear system of equations Ax = b as x = A b. A comparison table of the numerical results has been designed in each case to compare the implementation of the algorithms with each other. The important part of the paper is presenting a block matrix method for finding the inverse matrix. The block method finds the inverse matrix with a simple and easy algorithm. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Vaccine Adverse Events Reported during the First Ten Years (1998–2008) after Introduction in the State of Rondonia, Brazil

Despite good safety records, vaccines given to young children can cause adverse events. We investigated the reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of vaccines given to children of less than seven years of age during the first ten years (1998 to 2008) in the state of Rondonia, Brazil. We worked with the events related to BCG (Bacillus Calmett-Guérin), HB (hepatitis B), DTwP/Hib (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis+Hemophillus influenza b), DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis), MMR (mumps, measles, rubella), and YF (yellow fever) vaccines because they were part of the recommended scheme. The number of doses of vaccines given was 3,231,567 with an average of AEFI of 57.2/year during the studied period. DTwP/Hib was responsible for 298 (57.8%), DTP 114 (22.9%), HB 31 (6%), MMR 28 (5.4%), BCG 24 (4.7%), and YF 20 (3.9%) of the reported AEFI. The combination of the AEFI for DTwP/Hib vaccines showed the highest number of systemic (61.4%) and local events (33.8%). Young children (≤1-year old) were more susceptible to AEFI occurring in the 6 hours (54.2%) following vaccine uptake. This study suggests significant differences in reactogenicity of vaccines and that despite limitations of the AEFI Brazilian registry system we cannot ignore underreporting and should use the system to expand our understanding of adverse events and effects.