LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and symptom profile of gastroesophageal reflux in the Indian population: report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology Task Force.

BACKGROUND
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications are thought to be infrequent in India; there are no data from India on the prevalence of and risk factors for GERD. The Indian Society of Gastroenterology formed a task force aiming to study: (a) the frequency and profile of GERD in India, (b) factors including diet associated with GERD.


METHODS
In this prospective, multi-center (12 centers) study, data were obtained using a questionnaire from 3224 subjects regarding the frequency, severity and duration of heartburn, regurgitation and other symptoms of GERD. Data were also obtained regarding their dietary habits, addictions, and lifestyle, and whether any of these were related or had been altered because of symptoms. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.


RESULTS
Two hundred and forty-five (7.6%) of 3224 subjects had heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once a week. On univariate analysis, older age (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.003-1.021), consumption of non-vegetarian and fried foods, aerated drinks, tea/coffee were associated with GERD. Frequency of smoking was similar among subjects with or without GERD. Body mass index (BMI) was similar in subjects with and without GERD. On multivariate analysis, consumption of non-vegetarian food was independently associated with GERD symptoms. Overlap with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome was not uncommon; 21% reported difficulty in passage of stool and 9% had mucus in stools. About 25% of patients had consulted a doctor previously for their gastrointestinal symptoms.


CONCLUSION
7.6% of Indian subjects have significant GERD symptoms. Consumption of non-vegetarian foods was an independent predictor of GERD. BMI was comparable among subjects with or without GERD.
Development of reading and phonological skills of children at family risk for dyslexia: a longitudinal analysis from kindergarten to sixth grade.

The main focus of this article is to develop a better understanding of the developmental trajectories of literacy and phonological skills within Dutch-speaking children. Children at high and low risk for dyslexia were followed and compared at four different moments: kindergarten and first, third and sixth grades. Three groups were then compared: (1) dyslexic readers; (2) normal readers at high risk for dyslexia; and (3) normal readers at low risk for dyslexia. Children diagnosed with dyslexia scored lower than high-risk normal readers on phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term memory and literacy skills. Normal readers at high risk scored between both groups, confirming that dyslexia is to be considered as a continuum rather than an all-or-none condition. Growth analyses showed that the three groups evolved similarly on all measures except for phoneme deletion and literacy measures. Finally, solely PA and RAN explained a significant amount of variance in the evolution of reading skills.
Enhanced upper-airway muscle responsiveness is a distinct feature of overweight/obese individuals without sleep apnea.

RATIONALE
Body habitus is a major determinant of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, many individuals do not have OSA despite being overweight/obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)) for reasons that are not fully elucidated.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the key physiologic traits (upper-airway anatomy/collapsibility, upper-airway muscle responsiveness, chemoreflex control of ventilation, arousability from sleep) responsible for the absence of OSA in overweight/obese individuals.


METHODS
We compared key physiologic traits in 18 overweight/obese subjects without apnea (apnea-hypopnea index < 15 events per hour) with 25 overweight/obese matched patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hour) and 11 normal-weight nonapneic control subjects. Traits were measured by repeatedly lowering continuous positive airway pressure to subtherapeutic levels for 3 minutes during non-REM sleep.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Overweight/obese subjects without apnea exhibited a less collapsible airway than overweight/obese patients with apnea (critical closing pressure: -3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 0.6 ± 1.2 cm H2O; P = 0.003; mean ± 95% confidence interval), but a more collapsible airway relative to normal-weight control subjects (-8.8 ± 3.1 cm H2O; P < 0.001). Notably, overweight/obese subjects without apnea exhibited a threefold greater upper-airway muscle responsiveness than both overweight/obese patients with apnea (Δgenioglossus EMG/Δepiglottic pressure: -0.49 [-0.22 to -0.79] vs. -0.15 [-0.09 to -0.22] %max/cm H2O; P = 0.008; mean [95% confidence interval]) and normal-weight control subjects (-0.16 [-0.04 to -0.30] %max/cm H2O; P = 0.02). Loop gain was elevated (more negative) in both overweight/obese groups and normal-weight control subjects (P = 0.02). Model-based analysis demonstrated that overweight/obese individuals without apnea rely on both more favorable anatomy and collapsibility and enhanced upper-airway dilator muscle responses to avoid OSA.


CONCLUSIONS
Overweight/obese individuals without apnea have a moderately compromised upper-airway structure that is mitigated by highly responsive upper-airway dilator muscles to avoid OSA. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying enhanced muscle responses in this population may provide clues for novel OSA interventions.
Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates macrophage-induced inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity in adipocytes-specific differential effects between LC n-3 PUFA.

OBJECTIVE
Adipose tissue inflammation with immune cell recruitment plays a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR). Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory potential; however, their individual effects on adipose IR are ill defined. We hypothesized that EPA and DHA may differentially affect macrophage-induced IR in adipocytes.


METHODS
J774.2 macrophages pretreated with EPA or DHA (50 μM for 5 days) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml for 30 min-48 h). Cytokine secretion profiles and activation status of macrophages were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Pretreated macrophages were seeded onto transwell inserts and placed over 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 24-72 h; effects on adipocyte-macrophage cytokine cross-talk and insulin-stimulated ³H-glucose transport into adipocytes were monitored.


RESULTS
DHA had more potent anti-inflammatory effects relative to EPA, with marked attenuation of LPS-induced nuclear factor (NF)κB activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α secretion in macrophages. DHA specifically enhanced anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and reduced the expression of proinflammatory M1 (F4/80⁺/CD11⁺) macrophages. Co-culture of DHA-enriched macrophages with adipocytes attenuated IL-6 and TNFα secretion while enhancing IL-10 secretion. Conditioned media (CM) from DHA-enriched macrophages attenuated adipocyte NFκB activation. Adipocytes co-cultured with DHA-enriched macrophages maintained insulin sensitivity with enhanced insulin-stimulated ³H-glucose transport, GLUT4 translocation and preservation of insulin-receptor substrate-1 expression compared to co-culture with untreated macrophages. We confirmed that IL-10 expressed by DHA-enriched macrophages attenuates the CM-induced proinflammatory IR phenotype in adipocytes.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate an attenuated proinflammatory phenotype of DHA-pretreated macrophages, which when co-cultured with adipocytes partially preserved insulin sensitivity.
Hemolysis of red blood cells after cell washing with different automated technologies: clinical implications in a neonatal cardiac surgery population.

BACKGROUND
In subsets of pediatric cardiac surgery patients, red blood cells (RBCs) are often washed to reduce extracellular potassium (K) to avoid hyperkalemia, but mechanical manipulation and time delay in issuing washed products may increase hemolysis and K. This study's purpose was to evaluate the quality of washed RBCs with regard to hemolysis and extracellular K using different cell washers as a function of postprocessing time.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Fresh (<4 days old) RBCs were washed on COBE 2991 blood cell processors (Model 1 and Model 2) or the Fresenius Continuous AutoTransfusion System (CATS), and K and hemolysis index (HI) were analyzed. Academic pediatric hospitals were surveyed to ascertain practice trends regarding indications for washing, washing device, and expiration time for washed RBCs.


RESULTS
K concentration at 24 hours for units washed with the COBE devices met or exceeded prewash values. At 12 hours, there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in K concentration between all devices, with the CATS maintaining the lowest K concentration. HI increased immediately after wash on all devices and showed a significant difference between the COBE devices and CATS at times of more than 6 hours (p < 0.01). At storage times beyond 4 hours, hemoglobin exceeded 100 mg/dL on the COBE Model 1. Survey of pediatric hospitals indicated that COBE devices are commonly used, and storage time after washing was 12 hours or more in blood banks queried.


CONCLUSIONS
Hemolysis levels vary among different cell washers. Decreasing the expiration time of units after washing may be warranted.
Comparative Analysis Between Gazebo and V-REP Robotic Simulators

Robotic simulators are normally used in the design and testing of control algorithms for different platforms. But they can also be seen in a more broad context of Artificial Creatures. This a natural development of the cognitive paradigm proposed by Brooks. Related to this, in recent years the Robot Operating System (ROS) has emerged as a de facto standard for robot software architecture. I selected two of the best-known simulators and performed a comparison between them, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses for each one, and how well to these simulators interact with ROS, based on an experiment with a Pioneer 2DX robot. Keywords—robotic simulators, ROS, Gazebo, V-REP, cognitive science
Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusive Education

To examine how inclusive our schools are after 25 years of educational reform, students with disabilities and their parents were asked to identify current barriers and provide suggestions for removing those barriers. Based on a series of focus group meetings, 15 students with mobility limitations (9-15 years) and 12 parents identified four categories of barriers at their schools: (a) the physical environment (e.g., narrow doorways, ramps); (b) intentional attitudinal barriers (e.g., isolation, bullying); (c) unintentional attitudinal barriers (e.g., lack of knowledge, understanding, or awareness); and (d) physical limitations (e.g., difficulty with manual dexterity). Recommendations for promoting accessibility and full participation are provided and discussed in relation to inclusive education efforts. Exceptional Children
A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the relationship between walking speed and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly people.

BACKGROUND
Previous reports have shown links between cognitive function and physical performance in the elderly people, but it is unclear whether some specific cognitive domains are more strongly associated with measures of physical function such as walking speed. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between performance in five cognitive tests and walking speed among community-dwelling elderly people in the Dijon center (France) of the Three-City Study.


METHODS
At baseline, 3,769 participants aged 65-85 years had measurements of 6-m walking speed, global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), verbal fluency (Isaacs Set Test [IST]), psychomotor speed (Trail Making Test part A [TMT-A]), executive function (TMT part B), and memory (Benton Visual Retention Test). After a mean follow-up of 7 years, walking speed was again measured in 1,732 of these participants.


RESULTS
In cross-sectional analyses, slower maximum walking speed (MWS) at baseline was significantly associated with poorer performance in each cognitive test. The association was stronger with TMT-A (beta [SE] = -.127 [0.014], p < .0001) and IST (beta [SE] = .120 [0.014], p < .0001) than with the other tests. Only TMT-A (beta [SE] = -.053 [0.021], p = .01) and IST (beta [SE] = .063 [0.022], p = .004) were associated with the degree of MWS decline over time.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognition and walking speed among community-dwelling elderly people. Poorer verbal fluency and slower psychomotor speed were more specifically associated with slower baseline MWS and with a stronger decline in MWS over time.
Revascularization after myocardial infarction.

authors and five references. They should not have tables or figures and should relate solely to an article published in Circulationwithin the preceding 12 weeks. Only some letters will be published. Authors of those selected for publication will receive prepublication proofs, and authors of the article cited in the letter will be invited to reply. Replies must be signed by all authors listed in the original publication.
Retinal pigment epithelial tears after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE
To study retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears after off-label intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Eyes with a vascularized pigment epithelial detachment (PED) that developed an RPE tear were compared with eyes with a vascularized PED but without an RPE tear.


METHODS
Nine retina specialists across the United States and in Europe participated in this retrospective case series. All eyes that received intravitreal bevacizumab injection for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) over 12 months (October 2005 to September 2006) were included. Eyes without all three confirmed tests (fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography) were excluded from analysis. Statistical analyses were performed on multiple characteristics of eyes with a vascularized PED that did and did not develop an RPE tear.


RESULTS
Among 2,785 intravitreal bevacizumab injections for 1,064 eyes, RPE tears were found in 22 eyes in 22 patients (2.2%). A vascularized PED was present in 21 of 22 eyes that developed an RPE tear (17.1% of PED eyes; 15, 100% occult CNV; 6, predominantly occult CNV). Mean interval from bevacizumab injections to RPE tears was 37.3 days. Mean follow-up time was 124.9 days. Mean subfoveal PED size was larger for eyes with tears than for those without tears (13.97 mm vs 9.9 mm, respectively; P = 0.01; odds ratio, 1.09). There was substantially smaller mean ratio of CNV size to PED size for eyes with tears than for those without tears (27.9% vs 67.6%, respectively; P = 0.005). Mean pre-bevacizumab injection best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was 20/162, and mean post-RPE tear best-corrected visual acuity was 20/160 (P = 0.48).


CONCLUSION
Large PED size is a predictor for RPE tears, and a small ratio of CNV size to PED size (<50%) is more common in eyes with RPE tears. Vision may be preserved despite RPE tears.
Unsupervised video summarization using cluster analysis for automatic vehicles counting and recognizing

11 Automatic Vehicles Counting and Recognizing (AVCR) is a very challenging topic in transport engineering having important implications for the modern transport policies. Implementing a computer-assisted AVCR in the most vital districts of a country provides a large amount of measurements which are statistically processed and analyzed, the purpose of which is to optimize the decision-making of traffic operation, pavement design, and transportation planning. Since the advent of computer vision technology, video-based surveillance of road vehicles has become a key component in developing autonomous intelligent transportation systems. In this context, this paper proposes a Pattern Recognition system which employs an unsupervised clustering algorithm with the objective of detecting, counting and recognizing a number of dynamic objects crossing a roadway. This strategy defines a virtual sensor, whose aim is similar to that of an inductive-loop in a traditional mechanism, i.e. to extract from the traffic video streaming a number of signals containing anarchic information about the road traffic. Then, the set of signals is filtered with the aim of conserving only motion’s significant patterns. Resulted data are subsequently processed by a statistical analysis technique so as to estimate and try to recognize a number of clusters corresponding to vehicles. Finite Mixture Models fitted by the EM algorithm are used to assess such clusters, which provides ∗Corresponding author Email addresses: hana.rabbouch@gmail.com (Hana RABBOUCH), foued.saadaoui@gmail.com (Foued SAÂDAOUI), rafaa_mraihi@yahoo.fr (Rafaa MRAIHI) Preprint submitted to Journal of LTEX Templates April 21, 2017
SmartFactory - Towards a factory-of-things

In 1991, Mark Weiser described the vision of a future world under the name of Ubiquitous Computing. Since then, many details of the described vision have become reality: Our mobile phones are powerful multimedia systems, our cars computer systems on wheels, and our homes are turning into smart living environments. All these advances must be turned into products for very cost-sensitive world markets in shorter cycles than ever before. Today, the resulting requirements for design, setup, and operation of our factories become crucial for success. In the past, we often increased the complexity in structures and control systems, resulting in inflexible monolithic production systems. But the future must become ‘‘lean’’—not only in organization, but also in planning and technology! We must develop technologies which allow us to speed up planning and setup, to adapt to rapid product changes during operation, and to reduce the planning effort. To meet these challenges we should also make use of the smart technologies of our daily lives. But for industrial use, there are many open questions to be answered. The existing technologies may be acceptable for consumer use but not yet for industrial applications with high safety and security requirements. Therefore, the SmartFactory initiative was founded by industrial and academic partners to create and operate a demonstration and research test bed for future factory technologies. Many projects develop, test, and evaluate new solutions. This presentation describes changes and challenges, and it summarizes the experience gained to date in the SmartFactory. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and waste in Australia Recommendations towards a food supply system framework

Recommendations towards a food supply system framework that will deliver healthy food in a sustainable way. In 2007, Emily Morgan was one of fifteen Americans to be granted a Fulbright Postgraduate Scholarship to Australia. A Tufts University postgraduate student and former Mount Holyoke College graduate, Emily carried out her Fulbright research on the relationship between food, health and the environment. This project was completed at VicHealth, under the direction of nutrition promotion and food policy expert Dr Tony Worsley and in collaboration with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences at Deakin University. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Waste in Australia iii Contents Executive Summary 1 Preamble 4 Introduction 5 The Australian Food System 7 How do we conceptualize the food system? 7 The sectors of the food system 8 Challenges to improving the system 9 Major forces on the food system 10 The role of government 11 Recommendations 11 Consumption and Waste in Australia 12 How much is enough? 12 Consumption data 13 International data 13 National nutrition survey 13 National children's nutrition and physical activity survey 13 National health survey 14 State-based consumption data 14 Waste data 15 Recommendations 18 Drivers for change 19 Health and the link with fruit and vegetable consumption 19 Cancer 20 Cardiovascular disease 21 Diabetes 22 Other conditions 22 Environment and its relationship with the food system 24 Climate change 24 Water usage 29 Biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health 31 Ethics and the food system 32 Environmental ethics 32 Human ethics 32 Animal ethics 34 Economics and the future of the food system 35 Current efforts to change the paradigm 36 Efforts to increase fruit and vegetable consumption 36 International 36 'Go for 2 and 5 ® ' campaign 36 'Go for your life' 37 Other efforts 37 Efforts to minimize and better manage food waste 39 Minimizing food losses along the supply system 39 Better managing food losses along the supply system 42 Minimizing food losses at the consumer level 44 Better managing food losses at the consumer level 44 Whole-of-system approaches to improving the food system 45 Recommendations 47 Conclusion 49 Culture change 49 Summary of recommendations 51 References 53 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Waste in Australia 1 Executive Summary Food is essential to human existence and healthy, nutritious food is vital for living life to its full potential. What we eat and how we dispose of it not only …
Reference Architecture for Cryptocurrency in Banking

The Internet has now become an environment and source for innovation development that has impacted a wide range of industries. The platform has enabled entrepreneurs to create groundbreaking solutions that have had a disruptive and transformative effect on the lives of many people. While banking had dealt with several innovations such as internet payment providers, more recently a virtual alternative to cash has begun to emerge. Although the notion of true electronic cash has been considered for some time, the availability of a practical electronic currency has only recently gained actual adoption that is forcing many financial institutions to reconsider the potential long-term impact. We provide some insight into the latest trends in cryptocurrency and propose a reference architecture for adopting this form of financial asset in a central banking scenario; i.e. a Fiat based cryptocurrency. The presently used cryptocurrency are based on a peer to peer scheme and hence we outline an IT solution that will accommodate a centrally issued electronic currency. Keywords—cryptocurrency; electronic cash; fiat money;