LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ee 227a: Convex Optimization and Applications 11.2 Sdp Duality

The standard model for the Semi Definite Programming (SDP) is min c T x s.t. F (x) = F 0 + m i=1 x i F i 0, where each of the F i 's are symmetric matrices. We define the Lagrangian: L(x, Z) = c T x − Tr(ZF (x)), where the dual variable Z is a psd matrix. The Lagrangian is constructed so that max Z0 L(x, Z) = c T x if F (x) 0, +∞ otherwise. Thus, we can express p * as the solution to an unconstrained problem: p * = min x max Z0 L(x, Z) The dual problem is d * = max Z0 min x L(x, Z).
Word Cloud Explorer: Text Analytics Based on Word Clouds

Word clouds have emerged as a straightforward and visually appealing visualization method for text. They are used in various contexts as a means to provide an overview by distilling text down to those words that appear with highest frequency. Typically, this is done in a static way as pure text summarization. We think, however, that there is a larger potential to this simple yet powerful visualization paradigm in text analytics. In this work, we explore the usefulness of word clouds for general text analysis tasks. We developed a prototypical system called the Word Cloud Explorer that relies entirely on word clouds as a visualization method. It equips them with advanced natural language processing, sophisticated interaction techniques, and context information. We show how this approach can be effectively used to solve text analysis tasks and evaluate it in a qualitative user study.
Learning to reason about speakers ’ alternatives in sentence comprehension : A computational account

Notice: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Lingua. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version will be published in Lingua.
The Anatomy of a Transformation: An Analysis of the Psychological Structure of Four Near-Death Experiences

Abstract: In this paper, I discuss the general psychological structure of four near-death experiences and the evolutionary nature of the mental processes that occur. I suggest that the transformational aspect of each near-death experience comes at the culmination of the mental processes through archetypal imagery drawn from the context of the experiencer's life.
Belgian Fabry study: prevalence of Fabry disease in a cohort of 1000 young patients with cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Data on the prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with central nervous system pathology are limited and controversial. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of Fabry disease in young patients presenting with cerebrovascular disease in Belgium.


METHODS
In this national, prospective, multicenter study, we screened for Fabry disease in 1000 patients presenting with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or intracranial hemorrhage; unexplained white matter lesions; or vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. In male patients, we measured alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-GAL A) activity in dried blood spots. Female patients were screened for mutations by exonic DNA sequencing of the alpha-GAL A gene.


RESULTS
alpha-GAL A activity was deficient in 19 men (3.5%), although all had normal alpha-GAL A gene sequences. Enzymatic deficiency was confirmed on repeat assessment in 2 male patients (0.4%). We identified missense mutations in 8 unrelated female patients (1.8%): Asp313Tyr (n=5), Ala143Thr (n=2), and Ser126Gly (n=1). The pathogenicity of the 2 former missense mutations is controversial. Ser126Gly is a novel mutation that can be linked to late-onset Fabry disease.


CONCLUSIONS
alpha-GAL A deficiency may play a role in up to 1% of young patients presenting with cerebrovascular disease. These findings suggest that atypical variants of Fabry disease with late-onset cerebrovascular disease exist, although the clinical relevance is unclear in all cases.
Panic plaques: panic disorder & coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify characteristics of the chest pain associated with the presence of panic disorder, to determine the strength of the association between panic disorder and coronary artery disease (CAD), and to determine the association between panic disorder and known cardiovascular risk factors.


METHODS
Potential studies were identified via computerized search using MEDLINE and PSYCINFO databases, and review of bibliographies. MeSH headings used included "panic disorder" with "chest pain," "panic disorder" with "coronary disease or cardiovascular disorders or heart disorders," and "panic disorder" with "cholesterol or essential hypertension or tobacco smoking." Studies had to base their diagnosis of panic disorder on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, and objective criteria of CAD and risk factors had to be used. Only case-control and cohort studies were included.


RESULTS
The relative risk of panic disorder in patients with nonanginal chest pain is 2.03 [confidence interval (CI), 1.41 to 2.92]. Concerning the relationship between panic disorder and CAD, studies conducted in emergency departments found a relative risk of 1.25 (CI, 0.87 to 1.80). However, there is an inverse relationship between the prevalence of CAD in the study and the prevalence of panic disorder among the patients with CAD (r = -.469, P =.086). Panic disorder has also been linked to cardiac risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Panic disorder and CAD are correlated in noncardiology settings, and recurrent panic attacks may actually cause CAD. Recognition of either condition should lead the family physician to consider the other, resulting in increased vigilance and possible screening.
The Traveling Wave Power Divider/Combiner

A new kind of distributed power divider/combiner circuit for use in octave bandwidth (or more) microstrip power transistor amplifier is presented. The design, characteristics and advantages are discussed. Experimental results on a 4-way divider are presented and compared with theory.
Case of supernumerary nostril.

A supernumerary nostril is a very rare deformity. We encountered one case of a supernumerary nostril, but it was a type which had not been reported previously. We devised a surgical technique based on a new concept, and obtained good results. We also attempted to classify various shapes of supernumerary nostril and ways of treating them, and report our findings here.
Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars: Chances and Challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the modern society. In the automotive industry, researchers and developers are actively pushing deep learning based approaches for autonomous driving. However, before a neural network finds its way into series production cars, it has to first undergo strict assessment concerning functional safety. The chances and challenges of incorporating deep learning for self-driving cars are presented in this paper.
Security testing in software engineering courses

Writing secure code is at the heart of computing security. Unfortunately traditional software engineering textbooks failed to provide adequate methods and techniques for students and software engineers to bring security engineering approaches to software development process generating secure software as well as correct software. This paper argues that a security testing phase should be added to software development process with systematic approach to generating and conducting destructive security test sets following a complete coverage principle. Software engineers must have formal training on writing secure code. The security testing tasks include penetrating and destructive tests that are different from functional testing tasks currently covered in software engineering textbooks. Systematic security testing approaches should be seamlessly incorporated into software engineering curricula and software development process. Moreover, component-based development and formal methods could be useful to produce secure code, as well as automatic security checking tools. Some experience of applying security testing principles in our software engineering course teaching is reported.
Independent-gate and tied-gate FinFET SRAM Circuits: Design guidelines for reduced area and enhanced stability

Data stability of static random access memory (SRAM) circuits has become an important issue with the scaling of CMOS technology. Memory arrays are also an important source of leakage since the majority of transistors are utilized for on-chip caches in today's high performance microprocessors. Two six transistor SRAM cells based on independent-gate FinFET technology (IG-FinFET) are described in this paper for simultaneously reducing the active and standby mode power consumption while enhancing the data stability and the integration density. With the first independent-gate FinFET SRAM cell, one gate of each double-gate access and pull-up transistor is permanently disabled in order to enhance the data stability while achieving write-ability with minimum sized transistors. With the second independent-gate FinFET SRAM cell, the threshold voltages of the access transistors are dynamically adjusted during circuit operation in order to maximize the memory integration density without sacrificing the performance and stability. The read stability is enhanced by up to 92% with the IG-FinFET SRAM cells as compared to a tied- gate FinFET SRAM cell with the same size transistors in a 32 nm FinFET technology. Furthermore, with the IG-FinFET SRAM cells, the idle mode leakage power and the cell area are reduced by up to 36% and 11%, respectively, as compared to a standard tied-gate FinFET SRAM cell sized for comparable read stability in a 32 nm FinFET technology.
Predicting the Shear Strength of a Wire Bond Using Laser Vibration Measurements

Wedge/wedge bonding with AlSi-1 wire on semiconductor chips with aluminum metallization has been investigated. The scope of the article is the modeling of the wedge bond. The description of the bonding process by a physical model shall predict the change of bond quality, depending on a change in bonding parameters. The physical model is based on measurements of the vibration amplitude, induced into the assembly by the ultrasonic (US) power. The model is derived by measurements of the shear strength for various bond times. By fitting the calculation to the measurements, details of the bonding process can be clarified.. By using the model shear force can be calculated by estimation of the deformation of the wire material, the amplitude of the tool, sigma and the transversal force during bonding
Lack of sensitivity to readmission: a grounded theory study for explaining the process of readmitting patients suffering from congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Readmission due to congestive heart failure is a global problem during the recent decades; however, little is known about the process of readmission in these patients.


AIM
To clarify the readmission process of patients suffering from congestive heart failure in two large referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran.


METHOD
A grounded theory approach was utilized. 42 experienced patients, families, nurses and cardiologists participated in the study. Data analysis was carried out over a period of 12months (November 2007 to November 2008).


RESULTS
The main concern of participants was "managing the acute problems" of disease. The process of readmission begins with "concentrating on the concern". So, all the participants neglected the patient readmission. Having managed the acute problems, the patients were discharged without a "comprehensive context oriented discharge planning" leading to their return to community without preparation or supporting system. This results in "traditional self-treatment" owing to unhealthy behaviors which brings about the readmission of patients. Neglecting or "lack of sensitivity to readmission" was presented as the core variable.


CONCLUSION
In order to control readmission, we recommend those in charge of policy-making for public health to pay particular attention to this variable and taking step such as sensitizing people concerned.
Finger Detection for Sign Language Recognition

system does not require the hand to be perfectly aligned to the camera or use any special markers or input gloves on the hand.
Desalination by ammonia – carbon dioxide forward osmosis : Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance

Forward (direct) osmosis (FO) using semi-permeable polymeric membranes may be a viable alternative to reverse osmosis as a lower cost and more environmentally friendly desalination technology. The driving force in the described FO process is provided by a draw solution comprising highly soluble gases—ammonia and carbon dioxide. Using a commercially available FO membrane, experiments conducted in a crossflow, flatsheet membrane filtration cell yielded water fluxes ranging from 1 to 10 m/s (2.1 to 21.2 gal ft−2 d−1 or 3.6 to 36.0 l m−2 h−1) for a wide range of draw and feed solution concentrations. It was found, however, that the experimental water fluxes were far lower than those anticipated based on a t a t s ©
New Perspectives on M-Commerce Research

This paper summarizes the progress and the future directions of m-commerce research. Despite the rapid proliferation of Internet-enabled mobile handsets, empirical research has been undertaken only in a limited number of research areas. Important progress has been made in mobile Internet and SMS-based mobile advertising adoption, but other important topics, such as ecommerce and m-commerce comparison, mobile-based word-of-mouth, and methodological issues, have rarely been addressed. Future studies should explore these areas. In closing, the seven contributions to this Special Issue are introduced.
Stock market trading rule discovery using pattern recognition and technical analysis

This study examines the potential profit of bull flag technical trading rules using a template matching technique based on pattern recognition for the Nasdaq Composite Index (NASDAQ) and Taiwan Weighted Index (TWI). To minimize measurement error due to data snooping, this study performed a series of experiments to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. The empirical results indicated that all of the technical trading rules correctly predict the direction of changes in the NASDAQ and TWI. This finding may provide investors with important information on asset allocation. Moreover, better bull flag template price fit is associated with higher average return. The empirical results demonstrated that the average return of trading rules conditioned on bull flag significantly better than buying every day for the study period, especially for TWI. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thrice-weekly versus daily buprenorphine maintenance

BACKGROUND
Buprenorphine is a promising alternative to methadone or levo-acetyl alpha methadol for opioid agonist maintenance treatment, and thrice-weekly dosing would facilitate its use for this purpose.


METHODS
After a 3-day induction, opioid-dependent patients (n = 92) were randomly assigned to daily clinic attendance and 12-weeks maintenance treatment with sublingual buprenorphine administered double blind either daily (n = 45; 16 mg/70 kg) or thrice weekly (n = 47; 34 mg/70 kg on Fridays and Sundays and 44 mg/70 kg on Tuesdays). Outcome measures include retention, results of 3x/week urine toxicology tests, and weekly self-reported illicit drug use.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences at baseline in important social, demographic, and drug-use features. Retention was 71% in the daily and 77% in the 3x/week conditions. The proportion of opioid-positive urine tests decreased significantly from baseline in both groups and averaged 57% (daily) and 58% in 3x/week. There were no significant differences between groups in self-reported number of bags of heroin used for any day of the week, including Thursdays (48-72 hours following the last buprenorphine dose for subjects in the 3x/week condition), or in medication compliance (92%, 91%) and counseling attendance (82%, 82%).


CONCLUSIONS
At an equivalent weekly dose of 112 mg/70 kg, thrice-weekly and daily sublingual buprenorphine appear comparable in efficacy with regard to retention and reductions in illicit opioid and other drug use. These findings support the potential for utilizing thrice-weekly buprenorphine dosing in novel settings.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Provides an Additional Benefit to a Low‐Dust Diet in the Management of Horses with Chronic Lower Airway Inflammatory Disease

BACKGROUND
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) may benefit humans and animals with chronic inflammatory diseases.


HYPOTHESIS
Omega-3 PUFA supplementation improves clinical signs, lung function, and airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD).


ANIMALS
Eight research horses and 35 client-owned horses.


METHODS
A pilot study examined the dose of PUFA that can alter plasma PUFA composition. Then, a randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed in horses with RAO and IAD. Horses were fed a complete pelleted diet with no hay and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 daily treatments for 2 months: 30 or 60 g of the supplement or 30 g of placebo. Clinical signs, lung function, plasma PUFA composition, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology were evaluated. Data were expressed as median (25-75th percentiles). P < .05 was considered significant.


RESULTS
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation resulted in increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that peaked at 4 weeks. Clinical improvement was noted in all horses involved in the clinical trial, but the group that received PUFA had greater improvement in clinical signs (cough score improved 60%), lung function (respiratory effort decreased 48%), and BALF (neutrophils decreased from 23 to 9%) when compared to placebo (cough score improved 33%, respiratory effort decreased 27%, BALF neutrophils increased from 11 to 17%; P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Feeding horses with RAO and IAD a PUFA supplement containing 1.5-3 g DHA for 2 months provides an additional benefit to low-dust diet.
Prevention, incidence, and outcomes of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about whether health care providers (physicians) implement preventive care for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI). The objectives of our prospective cohort study were (1) to assess provider use of preventive strategies for CIAKI, (2) to determine the incidence of CIAKI, and (3) to examine the association of CIAKI with adverse outcomes at 30 days, including death, need for dialysis, and hospital admission.


METHODS
We prospectively identified patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) undergoing procedures with intravascular radiocontrast agents and recorded the use of intravenous fluids and N-acetylcysteine and the discontinuation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. We measured postprocedure serum creatinine levels to quantify the incidence of CIAKI and tracked 30-day mortality and need for dialysis or hospitalization to evaluate the association of CIAKI with these outcomes.


RESULTS
Preprocedure and postprocedure intravenous fluids were administered to 264 of 660 study patients (40.0%), more commonly with coronary angiography than with computed tomography (91.2% vs 16.6%, P < .001). N-acetylcysteine was administered to 39.2% of patients, while only 6.8% of patients using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were instructed to discontinue the medication. In a propensity analysis, the use of intravenous fluids was associated with a reduced rate of CIAKI. The incidence of CIAKI was lowest following computed tomography (range, 0.0%-10.9%) and was highest following noncoronary angiography (range, 1.9%-34.0%). Eleven patients (1.7%) died, 1 patient (0.2%) required dialysis, and 83 patients (12.6%) were hospitalized; however, CIAKI was not independently associated with hospital admission or death.


CONCLUSIONS
Strategies to prevent CIAKI are implemented nonuniformly. Although biochemical evidence of CIAKI is relatively common, clinically significant CIAKI is rare. These findings should help health care providers focus the use of preventive care on the highest-risk patients and have important implications for future clinical trials.
Development of Medium Voltage Power Flow Control Device

The article is devoted to the problem of an automatic regulation of the active and reactive power flows in a medium voltage (MV) distribution network (6–20 kV). The design of the (MV) Power Flow Control Device (PFCD) has been developed and it implements a method for the vector control of network parameters. To test the adequacy of the theoretical propositions a Simulink model of a 6 kV distribution network with MV PFCD has been developed. Studies of the adjustment characteristics (voltages and currents) of MV PFCD semiconductor converters on the basis of the simulation model have been carried out. The analysis of the adjustment characteristics allows determining the phase and amplitude control laws for the voltage vector of the MV PFCD converters for the automatic control of the active and reactive power flows in the MV network.
Topology Estimation for Thousand-Camera Surveillance Networks

Surveillance camera technologies have reached the point whereby networks of a thousand cameras are not uncommon. Systems for collecting and storing the video generated by such networks have been deployed operationally, and sophisticated methods have been developed for interrogating individual video streams. The principal contribution of this paper is a scalable method for processing video streams collectively, rather than on a per camera basis, which enables a coordinated approach to large-scale video surveillance. To realise our ambition of thousand camera automated surveillance networks, we use distributed processing on a dedicated cluster. Our focus is on determining activity topology -the paths objects may take between cameras' fields of view. An accurate estimate of activity topology is critical to many surveillance functions, including tracking targets through the network, and may also provide a means for partitioning of distributed surveillance processing. We present several implementations using the exclusion algorithm to determine activity topology. Measurements reported for the key system component demonstrate scalability to networks with a thousand cameras. Whole-system measurements are reported for actual operation on over a hundred camera streams (this limit is based on the number of cameras and computers presently available to us, not scalability). Finally, we explore how to scale our approach to support multi-thousand camera networks.