LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Symmetric bilateral transposition flap: a very versatile option in facial dermatological surgery.

AIM
Repair following excision of large tumours of the face can be problematic; primary closure may not be achievable and grafting or secondary intention healing carry the risk of necrosis and lengthy healing times. Flaps are usually associated with earlier healing and better cosmetic results, as the skin used for closure is similar to the tissue requiring repair. However, large wound sizes and difficulty in finding a suitable donor area means flaps can be complicated to perform. The aim of this paper was to identify a comparatively quick and simple alternative to standard repair techniques for the closure of large wound defects in critical anatomical areas, when the only realistic alternative would be grafting, offering both good cosmetic results and minimal risk of complications.


RESULTS
We have developed a flap, modified from the classic, single lobe transposition flap. Two similar lobes placed symmetrically and perpendicularly to two opposite sides of the surgical wound are incised with fulcra centred on two opposite corners. The flaps are then rotated by approximately 80-90º into position side by side, sutured to the borders of the surgical wound and finally together with a longitudinal suture. The principle behind this flap is the split of the covering surface into 2 small units, rather than using a large single lobe, which, for large wounds, would make closure of the single donor area by first intention impossible. The split of the donor area in 2 smaller subunits makes it easier to close the two donor areas and allows a larger amount of tissue to be harvested.


CONCLUSION
We have developed a twinned symmetric transposition flap to close large wounds on the face when the only realistic alternative would have been the use of grafting. It offers minimal distortion, and is both quick and simple to perform. The use of tissue similar to the original defect ensures good cosmetic results. Healing times were usually very rapid and complications limited to a very few cases of end flap necrosis. This technique is not applicable where donor areas fall in anatomic spots where harvesting of the lobes is impossible, e.g. when the wound is too close to the hair line and transposition of the lobes would cause the transfer of hairy skin to an area where the presence of hair is not desirable.
Entropy Formulation for Parabolic Degenerate Equations with General Dirichlet Boundary Conditions and Application to the Convergence of FV Methods

This paper is devoted to the analysis and the approximation of parabolic hyperbolic degenerate problems defined on bounded domains with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. It consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the definition of an original notion of entropy solutions to the continuous problem, which can be adapted to define a notion of measure-valued solutions, or entropy process solutions. The uniqueness of such solutions is established. In the second part, the convergence of the finite volume method is proved. This result relies on (weak) estimates and on the theorem of uniqueness of the first part. It also entails the existence of a solution to the continuous problem.
Modified cuckoo search algorithm with self adaptive parameter method

The cuckoo search algorithm (CS) is a simple and effective global optimization algorithm. It has been applied to solve a wide range of real-world optimization problem. In this paper, the proposed method uses two new mutation rules based on the rand and best individuals among the entire population. In order to balance the exploitation and exploration of the algorithm, the new rules are combined through a linear decreasing probability rule. Then, self adaptive parameter setting is introduced as a uniform random value to enhance the diversity of the population based on the relative success number of the proposed two new parameters in the previous period. To verify the performance of SACS, 16 benchmark functions chosen from literature are employed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs better than, or at least comparable to state-of-the-art methods from literature when considering the quality of the solutions obtained. In the last part, experiments have been conducted on Lorenz system and Chen system to estimate the parameters of these two chaotic systems. Simulation results further demonstrate the proposed method is very effective. 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc.
The Hydrolysis of Hydroxamic Acid Complexants in the Presence of Non-oxidizing Metal Ions 1: Ferric Ions

Abstract
Hydroxamic acids (XHAs) are organic compounds with affinities for cations such as Fe3+, Np4+ and Pu4+ and have been identified as useful reagents in nuclear fuel reprocessing. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of free XHAs is well known and may impact negatively on reprocessing applications. The hydrolysis of metal-bound XHAs within metal ion-XHA complexes is less understood. With the aid of speciation diagrams, we have modelled UV-visible spectrophotometric kinetic studies of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) bound to the model ion Fe(III). These studies have yielded the following information for the hydrolysis of AHA in the Fe(AHA)2+ complex at 293 K: (i) the order with respect to [H+] during the rate determining step, m=0.97, is the same as for the free ligand, indicating a similarity of mechanisms; and (ii) the kinetic rate parameter, k1=1.02×10−4 dm3⋅mol−1⋅s−1, is greater than that for the free ligand, k0=1.84×10−5 dm3⋅mol−1⋅s−1 for pH>−0.5, a result that is consistent with a Hammett analysis of the system.
Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure.

BACKGROUND
We compared the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 with enalapril in patients who had heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. In previous studies, enalapril improved survival in such patients.


METHODS
In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 8442 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive either LCZ696 (at a dose of 200 mg twice daily) or enalapril (at a dose of 10 mg twice daily), in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure, but the trial was designed to detect a difference in the rates of death from cardiovascular causes.


RESULTS
The trial was stopped early, according to prespecified rules, after a median follow-up of 27 months, because the boundary for an overwhelming benefit with LCZ696 had been crossed. At the time of study closure, the primary outcome had occurred in 914 patients (21.8%) in the LCZ696 group and 1117 patients (26.5%) in the enalapril group (hazard ratio in the LCZ696 group, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.87; P<0.001). A total of 711 patients (17.0%) receiving LCZ696 and 835 patients (19.8%) receiving enalapril died (hazard ratio for death from any cause, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.93; P<0.001); of these patients, 558 (13.3%) and 693 (16.5%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.89; P<0.001). As compared with enalapril, LCZ696 also reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure by 21% (P<0.001) and decreased the symptoms and physical limitations of heart failure (P=0.001). The LCZ696 group had higher proportions of patients with hypotension and nonserious angioedema but lower proportions with renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and cough than the enalapril group.


CONCLUSIONS
LCZ696 was superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of death and of hospitalization for heart failure. (Funded by Novartis; PARADIGM-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01035255.).
Evaluation of a real-time virtual intervention to empower persons living with HIV to use therapy self-management: study protocol for an online randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Living with HIV makes considerable demands on a person in terms of self-management, especially as regards adherence to treatment and coping with adverse side-effects. The online HIV Treatment, Virtual Nursing Assistance and Education (Virus de I'immunodéficience Humaine-Traitement Assistance Virtuelle Infirmière et Enseignement; VIH-TAVIE™) intervention was developed to provide persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with personalized follow-up and real-time support in managing their medication intake on a daily basis. An online randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention primarily in optimizing adherence to combination anti-retroviral therapy (ART) among PLHIV.


METHODS/DESIGN
A convenience sample of 232 PLHIV will be split evenly and randomly between an experimental group that will use the web application, and a control group that will be handed a list of websites of interest. Participants must be aged 18 years or older, have been on ART for at least 6 months, and have internet access. The intervention is composed of four interactive computer sessions of 20 to 30 minutes hosted by a virtual nurse who engages the PLHIV in a skills-learning process aimed at improving self-management of medication intake. Adherence constitutes the principal outcome, and is defined as the intake of at least 95% of the prescribed tablets. The following intermediary measures will be assessed: self-efficacy and attitude towards antiretroviral medication, symptom-related discomfort, and emotional support. There will be three measurement times: baseline (T0), after 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T6) of baseline measurement. The principal analyses will focus on comparing the two groups in terms of treatment adherence at the end of follow-up at T6. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis will be carried out to evaluate the true value of the intervention in a real context.


DISCUSSION
Carrying out this online RCT poses various challenges in terms of recruitment, ethics, and data collection, including participant follow-up over an extended period. Collaboration between researchers from clinical disciplines (nursing, medicine), and experts in behavioral sciences information technology and media will be crucial to the development of innovative solutions to supplying and delivering health services.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
CE 11.184 / NCT 01510340.
Building Environment Analysis based on Temperature and Humidity for Smart Energy Systems

In this paper, we propose a new HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) control strategy as part of the smart energy system that can balance occupant comfort against building energy consumption using ubiquitous sensing and machine learning technology. We have developed ZigBee-based wireless sensor nodes and collected realistic temperature and humidity data during one month from a laboratory environment. With the collected data, we have established a building environment model using machine learning algorithms, which can be used to assess occupant comfort level. We expect the proposed HVAC control strategy will be able to provide occupants with a consistently comfortable working or home environment.
Electrically small antenna tuning techniques

Cognitive Radio systems require antennas and microwave components to be actively tuned for different parts of the frequency spectrum. In this paper results of a study of three antenna tuning techniques are presented here. The first tunable antenna is a liquid crystal (LC) tuned microstrip patch antenna operating in the 2 GHz range. The simulated tuning range is 8% while the measurements showed a range of 3.8%. Losses in the LC material at these frequencies give rise to antenna efficiencies ranging from 25% to around 7% when the LC is in the unbiased state. The second antenna is a reconfigurable PIFA which is able to cover 7 frequency bands by controlling the combination of 4 MEMS switches mounted on the radiator. The third antenna is a dual-port antenna which is comprised of two capacitive-fed plates sharing one lower-band patch, operating for 5 mobile phone bands.
Dependency-based Hybrid Trees for Semantic Parsing

We propose a novel dependency-based hybrid tree model for semantic parsing, which converts natural language utterance into machine interpretable meaning representations. Unlike previous state-of-the-art models, the semantic information is interpreted as the latent dependency between the natural language words in our joint representation. Such dependency information can capture the interactions between the semantics and natural language words. We integrate a neural component into our model and propose an efficient dynamicprogramming algorithm to perform tractable inference. Through extensive experiments on the standard multilingual GeoQuery dataset with eight languages, we demonstrate that our proposed approach is able to achieve state-ofthe-art performance across several languages. Analysis also justifies the effectiveness of using our new dependency-based representation.1
Internet-based e-shopping and consumer attitudes: an empirical study

This paper analyses consumer attitudes towards Internet-based e-shopping. It aims to provide a theoretically and empirically grounded initial reference position, against which later research can explore and interpret the effects of changes in variables representing consumer preferences and shifts in these preferences on the success or failure of B2C e-commerce over the Internet. Because of the opportunity to sample at the outset and of ceteris paribus conditions following from the tendency for other factors such as e-transactions cost to remain small and constant, Singapore data were employed. Regression analysis shows that the life content of products, transactions security, price, vendor quality, IT education and Internet usage signi®cantly affect the initial willingness of Singaporeans to e-shop on the Internet. Generalising, we suggest that Internetbased B2C e-commerce can pro®tably be introduced or promoted along similar dimensions in socio-geographically and technologically similar situations. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The wear of polished and glazed zirconia against enamel.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The wear of tooth structure opposing anatomically contoured zirconia crowns requires further investigation.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the roughness and wear of polished, glazed, and polished then reglazed zirconia against human enamel antagonists and compare the measurements to those of veneering porcelain and natural enamel.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Zirconia specimens were divided into polished, glazed, and polished then reglazed groups (n=8). A veneering porcelain (Ceramco3) and enamel were used as controls. The surface roughness of all pretest specimens was measured. Wear testing was performed in the newly designed Alabama wear testing device. The mesiobuccal cusps of extracted molars were standardized and used as antagonists. Three-dimensional (3D) scans of the specimens and antagonists were obtained at baseline and after 200 000 and 400 000 cycles with a profilometer. The baseline scans were superimposed on the posttesting scans to determine volumetric wear. Data were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc tests (α=.05)


RESULTS
Surface roughness ranked in order of least rough to roughest was: polished zirconia, glazed zirconia, polished then reglazed zirconia, veneering porcelain, and enamel. For ceramic, there was no measureable loss on polished zirconia, moderate loss on the surface of enamel, and significant loss on glazed and polished then reglazed zirconia. The highest ceramic wear was exhibited by the veneering ceramic. For enamel antagonists, polished zirconia caused the least wear, and enamel caused moderate wear. Glazed and polished then reglazed zirconia showed significant opposing enamel wear, and veneering porcelain demonstrated the most.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the study, polished zirconia is wear-friendly to the opposing tooth. Glazed zirconia causes more material and antagonist wear than polished zirconia. The surface roughness of the zirconia aided in predicting the wear of the opposing dentition.
Time and Frequency Blanking for Radio-Frequency Interference Mitigation in Microwave Radiometry

Radio-frequency interference (RFI) is a major limiting factor in passive microwave remote sensing and radio astronomy. A digitally based radiometer system has been developed to improve RFI mitigation through the use of high temporal and spectral resolution. The system includes a pulse-blanking algorithm that is capable of removing pulsed time-domain sources in real time. Cross-frequency mitigation is also possible in postprocessing through the use of the system's high spectral resolution. Several experiments have been conducted at L- and C-bands in recent years. Datasets from two particular campaigns are analyzed in this paper: ground-based observations at L-band in Canton, Michigan that emphasize pulse blanking and an airborne campaign at C-band over Texas and the Gulf of Mexico that emphasizes cross-frequency mitigation. Results and analyses are presented to quantify the RFI mitigation performance achieved.
GPS/IMU Integrated System for Land Vehicle Navigation based on MEMS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) and an Inertial Navigation System (INS) are two basic navigation systems. Due to their complementary characters in many aspects, a GPS/INS integrated navigation system has been a hot research topic in the recent decade. Both advantages and disadvantages of each individual system are analyzed. The Micro Electrical Mechanical Sensors (MEMS) successfully solved the problems of price, size and weight with the traditional INS. Therefore they are commonly applied in GPS/INS integrated systems. The biggest problem of MEMS is the large sensor errors, which rapidly degrade the navigation performance in an exponential speed. By means of different methods, i.e. autoregressive model, Gauss-Markov process, Power Spectral Density and Allan Variance, we analyze the stochastic errors within the MEMS sensors. Real tests on a MEMS based inertial measurement unit for each method are carried out. The results show that different methods give similar estimates of stochastic error sources. These error coefficients can be used further in the Kalman filter for better navigation performance and in the Doppler frequency estimate for faster acquisition after the GPS signal outage. Three levels of GPS/IMU integration structures, i.e. loose, tight and ultra tight GPS/IMU navigation, are introduced with a brief analysis of each character. The loose integration principles are given with detailed equations as well as the basic INS navigation principles. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is introduced as the basic data fusion algorithm, which is also the core of the whole navigation system to be presented. The kinematic constraints of land vehicle navigation, i.e. velocity constraint and height constraint, are presented. These physical constraints can be used as additional information to further reduce the navigation errors. The theoretical analysis of the Kalman filter with constraints are given to show the improvement on the navigation performance. As for the outliers in practical applications, the equivalent weight is introduced to adaptively reduce the influence on positioning accuracy. A detailed implementation process of the GPS/IMU integration system is given. Based on the system model, we show the propagation of position standard errors with the tight integration structure under different scenarios. Even less than 4 observable satellites can contribute to the integrated system. Especially 2 satellites can maintain the orientation errors at a reasonable level due to the benefit of the tight integration. A real test with loose integration structure is carried out, and the EKF performance as well as the physical constraints are analyzed …
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation

CONTEXT
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation has evolved over the past 20 years. This evolution has been driven by a variety of level 1 and level 2 studies.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
The MOON Group is a collection of orthopaedic surgeons who have developed a prospective longitudinal cohort of the ACL reconstruction patients. To standardize the management of these patients, we developed, in conjunction with our physical therapy committee, an evidence-based rehabilitation guideline.


STUDY DESIGN
Clinical review.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 2.


RESULTS
This review was based on 2 systematic reviews of level 1 and level 2 studies. Recently, the guideline was updated by a new review. Continuous passive motion did not improve ultimate motion. Early weightbearing decreases patellofemoral pain. Postoperative rehabilitative bracing did not improve swelling, pain range of motion, or safety. Open chain quadriceps activity can begin at 6 weeks.


CONCLUSION
High-level evidence exists to determine appropriate ACL rehabilitation guidelines. Utilizing this protocol follows the best available evidence.
The incidence and prevalence of thyroid disease do not differ in the multiple sclerosis and general populations: a validation study using administrative data.

BACKGROUND
Prior studies of a possible increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconsistent. We aimed to validate and apply administrative case definitions for the surveillance of AIT in MS.


METHODS
We used administrative health data to identify 4,192 persons with MS and an age-, sex- and geographically matched general population cohort (n = 20,940). We developed case definitions for AIT using International Classification of Disease-9/10 codes and prescription claims, compared them to medical records and applied them to estimate the incidence and prevalence of AIT.


RESULTS
When compared to medical records, the administrative case definition using ≥1 hospital or ≥2 physician or ≥2 prescription claims had a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 98.4%. In 2005, the age-adjusted prevalence of AIT was 9.51% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.46-10.6] in the MS population and 8.56% (95% CI 8.11-9.02) in the general population. The age-adjusted incidence of AIT per 100,000 persons per year was 422.8 (95% CI 204.4-641.3) in the MS population and 407.7 (95% CI 308.5-506.9) in the general population. From 1996 to 2005, the prevalence of AIT rose in both populations.


CONCLUSION
Administrative data can be used for surveillance of AIT in MS. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid disease are similar in the MS and general populations.