LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study

Purpose – The study sets out to examine the influence of individual factors (enjoyment in helping others and knowledge self-efficacy), organizational factors (top management support and organizational rewards) and technology factors (information and communication technology use) on knowledge sharing processes and whether more leads to superior firm innovation capability. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey of 172 employees from 50 large organizations in Taiwan, this study applies the structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the research model. Findings – The results show that two individual factors (enjoyment in helping others and knowledge self-efficacy) and one of the organizational factors (top management support) significantly influence knowledge-sharing processes. The results also indicate that employee willingness to both donate and collect knowledge enable the firm to improve innovation capability. Research limitations/implications – Future research can examine how personal traits (such as age, level of education, and working experiences) and organizational characteristics (such as firm size and industry type) may moderate the relationships between knowledge enablers and processes. Practical implications – From a practical perspective, the relationships among knowledge-sharing enablers, processes, and firm innovation capability may provide a clue regarding how firms can promote knowledge-sharing culture to sustain their innovation performance. Originality/value – The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis, and simultaneously can be used to analyze relationships among knowledge-sharing factors, including enablers, processes, and firm innovation capability. From a managerial perspective, this study identified several factors essential to successful knowledge sharing, and discussed the implications of these factors for developing organizational strategies that encourage and foster knowledge sharing.
Validity of the modified Berg Balance Scale in adults with intellectual and visual disabilities.

BACKGROUND
A modified version of the Berg Balance Scale (mBBS) was developed for individuals with intellectual and visual disabilities (IVD). However, the concurrent and predictive validity has not yet been determined.


AIM
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity of the mBBS for individuals with IVD.


METHOD
Fifty-four individuals with IVD and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I and II participated in this study. The mBBS, the Centre of Gravity (COG), the Comfortable Walking Speed (CWS), and the Barthel Index (BI) were assessed during one session in order to determine the concurrent validity. The percentage of explained variance was determined by analyzing the squared multiple correlation between the mBBS and the BI, COG, CWS, GMFCS, and age, gender, level of intellectual disability, presence of epilepsy, level of visual impairment, and presence of hearing impairment. Furthermore, an overview of the degree of dependence between the mBBS, BI, CWS, and COG was obtained by graphic modelling. Predictive validity of mBBS was determined with respect to the number of falling incidents during 26 weeks and evaluated with Zero-inflated regression models using the explanatory variables of mBBS, BI, COG, CWS, and GMFCS.


RESULTS
The results demonstrated that two significant explanatory variables, the GMFCS Level and the BI, and one non-significant variable, the CWS, explained approximately 60% of the mBBS variance. Graphical modelling revealed that BI was the most important explanatory variable for mBBS moreso than COG and CWS. Zero-inflated regression on the frequency of falling incidents demonstrated that the mBBS was not predictive, however, COG and CWS were.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated that the concurrent validity as well as the predictive validity of mBBS were low for persons with IVD.
Effects of fluorination on the structure, magnetic and electrochemical properties of the P2-type NaxCoO2 powder

Abstract The main goal of this research has been to investigate for the first time the effects of fluorination on the crystal structure, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of the P2-type Na x CoO 2 powder. Sodium cobalt oxide with a P2-type structure is synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction consisting of alternating processes of rapid heating up to 750 °C and rapid cooling to the room temperature. The obtained powder is fluorinated using a gas-solid reaction with NH 4 HF 2 as fluorinating agent. Fluorination causes a decrease of sodium content in the parent phase with the concurrent formation of the minor phases of Na 2 CO 3 and NaF. The structure of Na x CoO 2 in both powders is refined in P 6 3 / mmc space group. The results of the Rietveld refinement combined with the findings from the XPS measurements confirm the Na 0.76 CoO 2 and Na 0.44 CoO 1.96 F 0.04 stoichiometries for the pristine and fluorinated powders, respectively, which indicates that 4 at.% of fluorine ions per formula unit are incorporated in the structure. Preliminary electrochemical investigations have revealed an improved charge/discharge performance. The influence of fluorination on morphology and magnetic properties has also been examined.
The SOAR (Stroke subtype, Oxford Community Stroke Project classification, Age, prestroke modified Rankin) score strongly predicts early outcomes in acute stroke.

BACKGROUND
Previous prognostic scoring systems in predicting stroke mortality are complex, require multiple measures that vary with time and failed to produce a simple scoring system.


AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
The study aims to derive and internally validate a stroke prognostic scoring system to predict early mortality and hospital length of stay.


METHODS
Data from a U.K. multicenter stroke register were examined (1997-2010). Using a prior hypothesis based on our and others observations, we selected five patient-related factors (age, gender, stroke subtype, clinical classification, and prestroke disability) as candidate prognostic indicators. An 8-point score was derived based on multiple logistic regression model using four out of five variables. Performance of the model was assessed by plotting the estimated probability of in-hospital death against the actual probability by testing for overfitting (calibration) and area under the curve methods (discrimination).


RESULTS
The total sample consisted of 12,355 acute stroke patients (ischemic stroke 91.0%). The score predicted both in-patient and seven-day mortality. The crude in-patient mortality were 1.57%, 4.02%, 10.65%, 21.41%, 46.60%, 62.72%, and 75.81% for those who scored 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The calibration of the model revealed no evidence of overfitting (estimated overfitting 0.001). The area under the curve values for both in-hospital and seven-day mortality were 0.79. The score predicted length of stay with a higher score was associated with longer median length of stay in those discharged alive and shorter median length of stay in those who died (P for both <0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
A simple 8-point clinical score is highly predictive of acute stroke mortality and length of hospital stay. It could be used as prognostic tool in service planning and also to risk-stratify patients to use these outcomes as markers of stroke care quality across institutions.
Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Capricorn and Paterson Orogens and adjacent cratons, Western Australia, from passive seismic transects

Abstract The seismic structure of the Proterozoic Capricorn and Paterson Orogens and adjacent Archaean Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons, Western Australia, is determined using a passive seismic approach. We use recordings of distant earthquakes made along two transects of 3-component broadband stations. The stations were deployed for approximately 1 year (mid 2006–2007) during which time 70 earthquakes were recorded at each station with a suitable signal to noise ratio for receiver function analysis and hence the S wavespeed profiles of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath each recording station are determined. We investigate the deep crustal constraints on terrane boundary locations, the patterns of seismic discontinuities in the crust, and the variations in the depth and character of the Moho. This broad-scale information regarding the present day crustal architecture, and hence the crustal evolution, of Western Australia, complements previous surface geological and other geophysical studies. Western Australia is an exceptionally large, well preserved region of ancient crust and hence this work also adds to the body of knowledge regarding Proterozoic orogenic processes in general. The new passive seismic work shows a region of double crust or upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Glenburgh Terrane, adjacent to the northwest Yilgarn Craton. The upper crust of the orogens is always layered whereas the cratons have a simple upper crust. Both the Capricorn and Paterson Orogens are characterised by deeper Moho discontinuities with a lesser wavespeed contrast than the very sharp discontinuity observed beneath the adjacent Pilbara and Yilgarn Cratons. This is consistent with the weaker orogenic crust of the Capricorn and Paterson Orogens accommodating most of the horizontal deformation during assembly and reworking of the West Australian Craton while the Pilbara and Yilgarn Cratons acted as rigid crustal blocks.
Health promotion: the Tannahill model revisited.

In the mid-1980s, I created a model that presented health promotion as three overlapping spheres of activity: health education, prevention, and health protection (Fig. 1). I had been struck by a leap in vocabulary e from ‘prevention’ and ‘health education’ to ‘health promotion’ e and understood the need to broaden out from the former two traditional terms, but ‘health promotion’ was a term with so many meanings as to be meaningless. The model has been widely cited or adopted. It has been used in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in and beyond the UK, and specimen essays/case studies can be bought through various commercial websites. On the other hand, the model has been described as representing ‘simplistic linguistic juggling’. I have also heard it criticized as not being a model in the sense of a particular approach to health promotion. However, I intended it as a uniting construct rather than the encapsulation of a single ideology, and as a counter to the sterile argument that health promotion and prevention should be seen as separate, even opposing, fields of endeavour (an example of a tendency in public health to waste time, energy and opportunities through a divisive ‘this or that’ mindset, when more would be gained through an integrating
On the Computational Power of Spiking Neural P Systems

neural nets: Tissue P systems. In Proceedings of COCOON 2002, Singapore, LNCS 2387, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 290–299. 14. M. Oswald: Independent agents in a globalized world modelled by tissue P systems. Conf. Artificial Life and Robotics, 2006. On the Computational Power of SN P Systems 245 15. C.H. Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity, Addison-Wesley, 1994. 16. Gh. Păun: Computing with membranes. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 61 (2000), 108–143. See also Turku Centre for Computer Science — TUCS Report No. 208, 1998. Available at: http://www.tucs.fi/Publications/techreports/TR208.php 17. Gh. Păun: Computing with membranes. An Introduction. Bulletin of the EATCS, 67 (2/1999), 139–152. 18. Gh. Păun: Membrane Computing. An Introduction. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, 2002. 19. Gh. Păun, Y. Sakakibara, T. Yokomori: P systems on graphs of restricted forms. Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen, 60 (2002), 635–660. 20. Gh. Păun, M.J. Pérez-Jiménez, G. Rozenberg: Infinite spike trains in spiking neural P systems. Submitted for publication. 21. G. Păun, G. Rozenberg: A guide to membrane computing. Theoretical Computer Science, 287, 1 (2002), 73–100. 22. C. Zandron, C. Ferretti, G. Mauri: Solving NP–complete problems using P systems with active membranes. In I. Antoniou, C.S. Calude, M.J. Dinneen, eds., Unconventional Models of Computation, Springer-Verlag, London, 2000, 289–301. 23. The P systems Web page: http://psystems.disco.unimib.it/
Parallel Real-Time Scheduling of DAGs

Recently, multi-core processors have become mainstream in processor design. To take full advantage of multi-core processing, computation-intensive real-time systems must exploit intra-task parallelism. In this paper, we address the problem of realtime scheduling for a general model of deterministic parallel tasks, where each task is represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with nodes having arbitrary execution requirements. We prove processor-speed augmentation bounds for both preemptive and nonpreemptive real-time scheduling for general DAG tasks on multi-core processors. We first decompose each DAG into sequential tasks with their own release times and deadlines. Then we prove that these decomposed tasks can be scheduled using preemptive global EDF with a resource augmentation bound of 4. This bound is as good as the best known bound for more restrictive models, and is the first for a general DAG model. We also prove that the decomposition has a resource augmentation bound of 4 plus a constant non-preemption overhead for non-preemptive global EDF scheduling. To our knowledge, this is the first resource augmentation bound for non-preemptive scheduling of parallel tasks. Finally, we evaluate our analytical results through simulations that demonstrate that the derived resource augmentation bounds are safe in practice.
Precise Point Positioning: Is the era of differential GNSS positioning drawing to an end?

SUMMARY For three decades the differential GPS (DGPS), and subsequently DGNSS, technique has been the dominant operational mode for precise positioning for the geoscience, geospatial and navigation communities. All DGNSS techniques perform positioning relative to one or more reference GNSS receivers located at points of known coordinates. Depending upon the type of GNSS measurement, user equipment, reference receiver infrastructure, data processing algorithm, ancillary products or services, and operational requirements (e.g. real-time or post-mission, moving or static user equipment, good or poor satellite and reference receiver geometry, etc.), different levels of performance are obtained. For example, the basic DGNSS technique using single-frequency pseudo-range measurements can deliver few-metre to sub-metre positioning accuracy, in either local-area DGNSS or wide-area DGNSS implementations. The processing of carrier phase data enables sub-decimetre-level accuracy, with the highest operational accuracy being possible (at the few-centimetre level) using the most sophisticated receiver equipment and algorithms, even in real-time and with the user equipment in motion (the so-called RTK mode). RTK techniques are now indispensible for precise navigation, machine automation, surveying and mapping. Over the last decade many government agencies and private companies have established permanent reference receiver networks (or CORSs – continuously operating reference stations) to support RTK users. This positioning infrastructure is expensive to establish and maintain at the appropriate density (e.g. number and distribution of CORS), quality (e.g. monumentation), functionality (e.g. multi-GNSS receivers), integrity (e.g. signal quality monitoring and datum) and robustness (e.g. terrestrial or satellite communications link between CORS and users). Over the same time period the technique of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has been touted as an alternative for the " infrastructure-hungry " carrier phase-based DGNSS techniques. Although PPP suffers from several disadvantages – slow convergence times, no user equipment supports real-time algorithms, no real-time satellite orbit and clock data streams, uncertain coordinate datum – recent PPP developments could address most of these disadvantages. This paper describes the current knowledge of PPP, progress in the development of software, algorithms and data standards, and the provision of real-time services to support PPP, with a particular focus on the IGS (and commercial) products and the new role of CORS to provide augmentation services to PPP users. The paper also speculates on the evolving role(s) of CORS networks in the context of future PPP, and whether DGNSS techniques will be largely replaced by PPP techniques.
A controlled trial of the effectiveness of a diabetes education programme in a multi-ethnic community in Glasgow [ISRCT28317455]

BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic data have shown that the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes varies with ethnic origin. Type 2 diabetes is up to four times more common in British South Asians than in the indigenous white population. The aim of this study was to develop a culturally appropriate educational intervention programme for South Asians with Type 2 diabetes. We then investigated whether this intervention could produce an improvement, and finally whether any improvement was greater than background changes in knowledge in comparison groups.


METHODS
A multi-site prospective, randomised controlled study was conducted in all day care centres and three general practice registers with high proportion patients from different ethnic minority groups in Glasgow, Scotland. The intervention consisted of 18 educational sessions in 6 separate programmes. A modified questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of diabetes before and after intervention.


RESULTS
Baseline assessment showed that Indian and Pakistani subjects had less knowledge about diabetes, regarded the disease less seriously, and had a lesser understanding of the relationship between control and complications than the white population. No differences in initial responses were found between those who completed the second assessment and those who did not. The intervention group showed significant improvements in scores for Knowledge (+12.5%); Attitudes toward seriousness (+13.5%), complications (+8.1%), Practice (+20.0%). However there were also changes in the ethnic control group scores; respectively +5.0%, +16.3% (significant P < 0.001), +1.5%, +1.7%. The single white control group also showed some improvements; respectively +12.2%, +12.4% (P = 0.04), +6.0%, +25.0% (P = 0.007), but the differences in improvement between these two control groups were not significant. Overall, the improvement seen was similar in both intervention and ethnic control groups and there was no significant difference in the amount of change (P = 0.36 CI -0.9 to +2.6).


CONCLUSION
This study has shown that conducting a culturally-competent educational intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes from ethnic minority groups is feasible and can improve their knowledge and attitudes and practice. However there was no net benefit compared with the control group.
Content-based methods for the management of digital music

The literature on content-based music retrieval has largely finessed acoustic issues by using MIDI format music. This paper however considers content-based classification and retrieval of a typical (MPEG layer III) digital music archive. Two statistical techniques are investigated and appraised. Gaussian Mixture Modelling performs well with an accuracy of 92% on a music classification task. A Tree-based Vector Quantization scheme offers marginally worse performance in a faster, scalable framework. Good results are also reported for music retrieval-bysimilarity using the same techniques. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients parameterize the audio well, though are slow to compute from the compressed domain. A new parameterization (MP3CEP), based on a partial decompression of MPEG layer III audio, is therefore proposed to facilitate music processing at user-interactive speeds. Overall, the techniques described herein provide useful tools in the management of a typical digital music library.
Wearable sweat sensors

© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 3Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. *e-mail: ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu Healthcare systems today are mostly reactive. Patients contact doctors after they have developed ailments with noticeable symptoms, and are thereafter passive recipients of care and monitoring by specialists. This approach largely fails in preventing the onset of health conditions, prioritizing diagnostics and treatment over proactive healthcare. It further occludes individuals from being active agents in monitoring their own health. The growing field of wearable sensors (or wearables) aims to tackle the limitations of centralized, reactive healthcare by giving individuals insight into the dynamics of their own physiology. The long-term vision is to develop sensors that can be integrated into wearable formats like clothing, wristbands, patches, or tattoos to continuously probe a range of body indicators. By relaying physiological information as the body evolves over healthy and sick states, these sensors will enable individuals to monitor themselves without expensive equipment or trained professionals (Fig. 1). Various physical and chemical sensors will need to be integrated to obtain a complete picture of dynamic health. These sensors will generate vast time series of data that will need to be parsed with big-data techniques to generate personalized baselines indicative of the user’s health1–4. Sensor readings that cohere with the established baseline can then indicate that the body is in a healthy, equilibrium state, while deviations from the baseline can provide early warnings about developing health conditions. Eventually, deviations caused by different pathologies can be ‘fingerprinted’ to make diagnosis more immediate and autonomous. Together, the integration of wearables with big-data analytics can enable individualized fitness monitoring, early detection of developing health conditions, and better management of chronic diseases. This envisioned medical landscape built around continuous, point-of-care sensing spearheads personalized, predictive, and ultimately preventive healthcare.