LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Software Development Practices in the New Zealand Software Industry

We report on the software development techniques used in the New Zealand software industry, paying particular attention to requirements gathering. We surveyed a selection of software companies with a general questionnaire and then conducted in-depth interviews with four companies. Our results show a wide variety in the kinds of companies undertaking software development, employing a wide range of software development techniques. Although our data are not sufficiently detailed to draw statistically significant conclusions, it appears that larger software development groups typically have more well-defined software development processes, spend proportionally more time on requirements gathering, and follow more rigorous testing regimes.
Effect of mechanical chest percussion on intracranial pressure: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND
Treatment of brain injury is often focused on minimizing intracranial pressure, which, when elevated, can lead to secondary brain injury. Chest percussion is a common practice used to treat and prevent pneumonia. Conflicting and limited anecdotal evidence indicates that physical stimulation increases intracranial pressure and should be avoided in patients at risk of intracranial hypertension.


OBJECTIVES
To explore the safety of performing chest percussion for patients at high risk for intracranial hypertension.


METHODS
A total of 28 patients with at least 1 documented episode of intracranial hypertension who were having intracranial pressure monitored were studied in a prospective randomized control trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (no chest percussion) or the intervention group (10 minutes of chest percussion at noon). Intracranial pressure was recorded once a minute before, during, and after the intervention.


RESULTS
Mean intracranial pressures for the control group before, during, and after the study period (14.4, 15.0, and 15.9 mm Hg, respectively) did not differ significantly from pressures in the intervention group (13.6, 13.7, and 14.2 mm Hg, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Mechanical chest percussion may be a safe intervention for nurses to use on neurologically injured patients who are at risk for intracranial hypertension.
Conhecimento, atitude e práticas na prevenção do câncer de colo uterino e hpv em adolescentes

Resumen La iniciación sexual cada vez más temprana propicia un nivel alto de vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes a los problemas de la esfera sexual / reproductiva, incluyendo el cáncer del cuello del útero y la infección por VPH. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en la prevención de cáncer cervical y la infección por VPH en la población adolescente y evaluar las situaciones que los tornan vulnerables. Este es un estudio transversal realizado en una escuela pública en Sao Paulo con 134 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años. El promedio de la edad de iniciación sexual fue de 14,8 años. La mayoría de los adolescentes no tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre la prevención de este tipo de cáncer. También presentó bajas tasas de la prueba del Papanicolaou . Las estadísticas justifican la inclusión de estas adolescentes en los programas para la detección de este cáncer. Es indispensable invertir en la educación sexual en las instituciones educativas aunadas con campañas sobre la impor tancia del Papanicolaou vinculadas con actividades educativas que tengan un enfoque adecuado y un lenguaje apropiado. Palabras clave: Adolescente. Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. Frotis Vaginal. Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino. 1Enfermeira. Especialista em Saúde Pública. Mestranda em Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva pela USP. Brasil. E-mail: ferla@usp.br, 2Enfermeira. Doutora em Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva pela USP. Professora do Depar tamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva da USP. Brasil. E-mail: izumi@usp.br, 3Enfermeira. Doutora em Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva pela USP. Professora do Depar tamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva da USP. Brasil. E-mail: analuizavb@gmail.com PESQUISA RESEARCH INVESTIGACIÓN Sexual initiation increasingly early offers high vulnerability of adolescent to problems in the sexual/reproductive scenario, including cancer of the uterine cervix and HPV infection. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude and practice in the prevention of cervical cancer and HPV infection in adolescent populations and assess the situations that make them vulnerable. The cross-sectional study was conducted in a public school in Sao Paulo with 134 adolescents between 14 and 19 years old. The age of sexual initiation is 14.8 years on average. Most adolescents had no adequate knowledge about the prevention of this malignancy. The access to Papanicolaou test was also low in this population. Statistics justify the inclusion of adolescents in programs for detection of cancer. We must invest in sex education in educational institutions and join the campaign for collecting Papanicolaou with educational activities with appropriate focus and language appropriate to change the current scenario. keywords: Adolescent. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Vaginal Smears. Uterine Cervical Neoplasms. Ferla Maria Simas Bastos Cirino1 Knowledge, attitude and practice in the prevention of cervical cancer and HPV in adolescents Ana Luiza Vilela Borges3
Proposing a framework to assess Internet usage in university education: an empirical investigation from a student's perspective

University administrators are continuously investing in Information Technology (IT) to support learning and help deal with educational budget cuts. Instructors are increasingly making their teaching materials available on the Internet. While administrators and instructors would like to make the Internet an effective educational tool, they need to understand what their students’ attitudes towards using it are. Since the use of the Internet in university education is still in its early stages, many issues regarding its use have not been fully addressed. This study was conducted to provide a better understanding of how the Internet is used in university learning from a student’s perspective. Our research framework is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology Acceptance Model, and IT Diffusion Process Model. We use a survey conducted among university students to explore these issues. Research findings provide some useful insights for university administrators and educators.
Off-pump surgery in preventing perioperative stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective multicentre study.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of the off-pump technique in preventing stroke development during the early perioperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).


METHODS
Patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery were enrolled from 21 Spanish cardiac-surgery centres. Baseline variables related to perioperative stroke risk were recorded in the preoperative (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, prior stroke, cardiac failure: preoperative New York Heart Association class III-IV and/or left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, non-elective priority of surgery, peripheral arteriopathy, chronic renal failure) and intraoperative periods (on/off-pump performance). The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group (NNECDSG) stroke risk schema was used to stratify stroke risk and compare observed neurological outcomes in this study.


RESULTS
A total of 26 347 patients were included in the study. Global perioperative stroke incidence was 1.38%. Non-elective priority of surgery (OR = 2.37), peripheral arteriopathy (OR = 1.62), cardiac failure (OR = 2.98), prior stroke (OR = 1.57) and chronic renal failure (OR = 6.16) were found to be independent risk factors for perioperative stroke in uni- and multivariate models; Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ(2) = 4.62, P = 0.59. Perioperative stroke incidence increased whenever NNECDSG score or the number of preoperative risk factors increased. However, on- vs off-pump surgery did not show statistical differences in NNECDSG strata. For patients with two or more preoperative independent risk factors, off-pump surgery showed a significant reduction in perioperative stroke incidence (4.29 vs 6.76%, P < 0.05), particularly when one of these factors was chronic renal failure or preoperative cardiac failure. However, when both factors were present concomitantly there was no difference between on and off-pump techniques, P < 0.0001.


CONCLUSIONS
Off-pump surgery has a lower perioperative stroke incidence than on-pump only in cases associated with cardiovascular stroke-risk factors, in particular, with chronic renal failure and preoperative cardiac failure, but also with peripheral arteriopathy, prior stroke and non-elective surgery. The perioperative stroke rate remains high in cases with two or more preoperative stroke risk factors, even when using the off-pump technique, particularly when chronic renal failure is present.
Low cycle fatigue analysis of temperature and frequency effects in eutectic solder alloy

Low cycle isothermal mechanical fatigue testing of a eutectic alloy 63Sn/37Pb was carried out in a systematic manner over a wide range of frequencies (10 –1 Hz) and temperatures ( 240 to 150°C) with the total strain set at different values (1–50%). The low cycle fatigue behavior of the eutectic solder was found to be strongly dependent on test temperature and frequency. If the Coffin–Manson model is used to describe such fatigue behavior, the fatigue exponent m and ductility coefficientC in the model are found to be a function of temperature and frequency rather than numerical constants. The plastic flow law was employed to explain the temperature and frequency dependence. The frequency-modified Coffin–Manson model was tried and found to be able to eliminate the frequency dependence of the numerical “constants” but not the temperature dependence. To have a full description of the temperatureand frequency-dependent fatigue behavior, a set of empirical formulae was derived based on the frequencymodified Coffin–Manson model.  2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fusion of 3D-LIDAR and camera data for scene parsing

Fusion of information gathered from multiple sources is essential to build a comprehensive situation picture for autonomous ground vehicles. In this paper, an approach which performs scene parsing and data fusion for a 3D-LIDAR scanner (Velodyne HDL-64E) and a video camera is described. First of all, a geometry segmentation algorithm is proposed for detection of obstacles and ground areas from data collected by the Velodyne scanner. Then, corresponding image collected by the video camera is classified patch by patch into more detailed categories. After that, parsing result of each frame is obtained by fusing result of Velodyne data and that of image using the fuzzy logic inference framework. Finally, parsing results of consecutive frames are smoothed by the Markov random field based temporal fusion method. The proposed approach has been evaluated with datasets collected by our autonomous ground vehicle testbed in both rural and urban areas. The fused results are more reliable than that acquired via analysis of only images or Velodyne data. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Changes in Order Characteristics , Displayed Liquidity , and Execution Quality on the New York Stock Exchange around the Switch to Decimal Pricing

We thank Katharine Ross and Julie Fryer for providing help in data collection. The comments and opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect those of the directors, members, or officers of the New Abstract This paper examines the apparent effects of trading in penny price increments on traders' order-placement strategies, the display of trading interests, and the execution quality of market orders at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Finance theory suggests that a smaller minimum price increment may make limit order traders more cautious. Although the ratio of marketable orders to limit orders changes little around the switch to penny trading, limit orders are smaller, more aggressively priced, and more frequently cancelled. The resulting NYSE inside quote changes more frequently, has a 30% narrower spread, and has 70% less depth. There appears to be more competition in setting the National Best Bid and Offer prices, but the NYSE is still the dominant player for the sample NYSE-listed securities. Examining NYSE trading interests away from the inside quote reveals a substantially thinner limit order book after decimals. The decrease in committed liquidity does not seem to adversely affect traditional measures of execution quality, however. Depth improvement rates and price improvement rates increase and the effective spread falls in the post-decimal sample periods relative to the pre-decimal base period numbers.
Botulinum toxin type-A (BOTOX) in the treatment of occipital neuralgia: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of occipital nerve blocks using reconstituted botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) in providing significant and prolonged pain relief in chronic occipital neuralgia.


BACKGROUND
Occipital neuralgia is a unilateral or bilateral radiating pain with paresthesias commonly manifesting as paroxysmal episodes and involving the occipital and parietal regions. Common causes of occipital neuralgia include irritation or injury to the divisions of the occipital nerve, myofascial spasm, and focal entrapment of the occipital nerve. Treatment options include medication therapy, occipital nerve blocks, and surgical techniques. BTX-A, which has shown promise in relief of other headache types, may prove a viable therapeutic option for occipital neuralgia pain.


METHODS
Botulinum toxin type-A (reconstituted in 3 cc of saline) was injected into regions traversed by the greater and lesser occipital nerve in 6 subjects diagnosed with occipital neuralgia. Subjects were instructed to report their daily pain level (on a visual analog pain scale), their ability to perform daily activities (on several quality of life instruments) and their daily pain medication usage (based on a self-reported log), 2 weeks prior to the injection therapy and 12 weeks following injection therapy. Data were analyzed for significant variation from baseline values.


RESULTS
The dull/aching and pin/needles types of pain reported by the subjects did not show a statistically significant improvement during the trial period. The sharp/shooting type of pain, however, showed improvement during most of the trial period except weeks 3-4 and 5-6. The quality of life measures exhibited some improvement. The headache-specific quality of life measure showed significant improvement by 6 weeks which continued through week 12. The general health- and depression-related measures showed no statistical improvement. No significant reduction in pain medication usage was demonstrated.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that BTX-A improved the sharp/shooting type of pain most commonly known to be associated with occipital neuralgia. Additionally, the quality of life measures assessing burden and long-term impact of the headaches, further corroborated improvement seen in daily head pain.
Patient-specific image-based computer simulation for theprediction of valve morphology and calcium displacement after TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve and the Edwards SAPIEN valve.

AIMS
Our aim was to validate patient-specific software integrating baseline anatomy and biomechanical properties of both the aortic root and valve for the prediction of valve morphology and aortic leaflet calcium displacement after TAVI.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Finite element computer modelling was performed in 39 patients treated with a Medtronic CoreValve System (MCS; n=33) or an Edwards SAPIEN XT (ESV; n=6). Quantitative axial frame morphology at inflow (MCS, ESV) and nadir, coaptation and commissures (MCS) was compared between multislice computed tomography (MSCT) post TAVI and a computer model as well as displacement of the aortic leaflet calcifications, quantified by the distance between the coronary ostium and the closest calcium nodule. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a strong correlation between the observed (MSCT) and predicted frame dimensions, although small differences were detected for, e.g., Dmin at the inflow (mean±SD MSCT vs.


MODEL
21.6±2.4 mm vs. 22.0±2.4 mm; difference±SD: -0.4±1.3 mm, p<0.05) and Dmax (25.6±2.7 mm vs. 26.2±2.7 mm; difference±SD: -0.6±1.0 mm, p<0.01). The observed and predicted calcium displacements were highly correlated for the left and right coronary ostia (R2=0.67 and R2=0.71, respectively p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Dedicated software allows accurate prediction of frame morphology and calcium displacement after valve implantation, which may help to improve outcome.
q-Fibonacci Polynomials and the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities

We derive some formulas for the Carlitz q–Fibonacci polynomials Fn(t) which reduce to the finite version of the Rogers–Ramanujan identities obtained by I. Schur for t = 1. Our starting point is a representation of the q– Fibonacci polynomials as the weight of certain lattice paths in R2 contained in a strip along the x–axis. We give an elementary combinatorial proof by using only the principle of inclusion-exclusion and some standard facts from q–analysis.
C-reactive protein, an indicator for maintained response or remission to infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease: a post-hoc analysis from ACCENT I.

BACKGROUND
Secondary loss of response to anti-TNF-α therapy is observed in Crohn's disease patients.


AIM
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at baseline and after infliximab induction therapy at week 14 were assessed as predictors for maintained response or remission through 54 weeks of treatment in patients with Crohn's disease who responded to induction therapy.


METHODS
ACCENT I was a multicenter, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Patients who received infliximab induction (weeks 0, 2 and 6) and maintenance (5 or 10 mg/kg every 8 weeks beginning at week 14) therapy were considered. Patients in clinical response or remission to induction therapy at week 14 (n = 212 or n = 138 respectively) were analysed. Associations between CRP levels (cut-off points 0.5-3.0 mg/dL), baseline disease variables and maintained clinical response or remission during maintenance therapy were assessed.


RESULTS
A significant association was observed between baseline CRP levels and maintained remission. Forty-five percent of patients with baseline CRP ≥ 0.7 mg/dL vs. 22.0% with CRP < 0.7 mg/dL maintained remission (P = 0.012). CRP normalisation during infliximab treatment (decrease from 0.5 mg/dL at baseline to < 0.5 mg/dL at week 14) resulted in higher probability of maintained response (P < 0.001) or remission (P = 0.052). At week 14 low CRP levels were associated with maintained response (56.6% of patients with CRP < 0.5 mg/dL vs. 37.2% with higher CRP, P = 0.005). No optimal predictive CRP cut-off point was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
High baseline CRP levels increased the likelihood of maintained remission. Normalised CRP levels at week 14 increased the likelihood of maintained response or remission during 1 year of infliximab maintenance therapy (


CLINICAL TRIAL
NCT00207662).
Diffusion generated motion using signed distance functions

We describe a new class of algorithms for generating a variety of geometric interfacial motions by alternating two steps: Construction of the signed distance function (i.e. redistancing) to the interface, and convolution with a suitable kernel. These algorithms can be seen as variants of Merriman, Bence, and Osher’s threshold dynamics [25]. The new algorithms proposed here preserve the computational efficiency of the original threshold dynamics algorithm. However, unlike threshold dynamics, the new algorithms also allow attaining high accuracy on uniform grids, without adaptive refinement. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Security and Privacy Issues of Fog Computing: A Survey

Fog computing is a promising computing paradigm that extends cloud computing to the edge of networks. Similar to cloud computing but with distinct characteristics, fog computing faces new security and privacy challenges besides those inherited from cloud computing. In this paper, we have surveyed these challenges and corresponding solutions in a brief manner.
Nuclear accessibility of β-actin mRNA is measured by 3D single-molecule real-time tracking

Imaging single proteins or RNAs allows direct visualization of the inner workings of the cell. Typically, three-dimensional (3D) images are acquired by sequentially capturing a series of 2D sections. The time required to step through the sample often impedes imaging of large numbers of rapidly moving molecules. Here we applied multifocus microscopy (MFM) to instantaneously capture 3D single-molecule real-time images in live cells, visualizing cell nuclei at 10 volumes per second. We developed image analysis techniques to analyze messenger RNA (mRNA) diffusion in the entire volume of the nucleus. Combining MFM with precise registration between fluorescently labeled mRNA, nuclear pore complexes, and chromatin, we obtained globally optimal image alignment within 80-nm precision using transformation models. We show that β-actin mRNAs freely access the entire nucleus and fewer than 60% of mRNAs are more than 0.5 µm away from a nuclear pore, and we do so for the first time accounting for spatial inhomogeneity of nuclear organization.
A robust and fast skew detection algorithm for generic documents

Abstraet--A robust and fast skew detection algorithm based on hierarchical Hough transform is proposed. It is capable of detecting the skew angle for various document images, including technical articles, postal labels, handwritten text, forms, drawings and bar codes. The algorithm is robust even when black margins introduced by photocopying are present in the image and when the document is scanned at a low resolution of 50 dpi. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step we quickly extract the centroids of connected components using a graph data structure. Then, a hierarchical Hough transform (at two different angular resolutions) is applied to the selected centroids. The skew angle corresponds to the location of the highest peak in the Hough space. The performance of the algorithm is shown on a number of document images collected from various application domains. The algorithm is not very sensitive to algorithmic parameters. For an A4 size document image scanned at 50 dpi (typically 413 x 575 pixels), our algorithm is able to detect the skew angle with an accuracy of 0.1 ° in 0.4s of CPU time on a SunSparc 20 workstation. Copyright © 1996 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
In-band full-duplex relaying for 5G cellular networks with wireless virtualization

Recent advances in self-interference cancellation techniques enable in-band FDR systems, which transmit and receive simultaneously in the same frequency band with high spectrum efficiency. Meanwhile, wireless virtualization enables abstraction and sharing of infrastructure and radio spectrum resources in wireless networks. Both in-band FDR and wireless virtualization are promising technologies for 5G cellular networks. In this article, we first give a brief survey of them to present their basic ideas, enabling technologies, characteristics, and so on. Then we propose a virtual resource management architecture for in-band FDR networks, where multiple service providers and multiple mobile network operators coexist. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.