LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Attractor of Smale – Williams Type in an Autonomous Distributed System

We consider an autonomous system of partial differential equations for a onedimensional distributed medium with periodic boundary conditions. Dynamics in time consists of alternating birth and death of patterns with spatial phases transformed from one stage of activity to another by the doubly expanding circle map. So, the attractor in the Poincaré section is uniformly hyperbolic, a kind of Smale – Williams solenoid. Finite-dimensional models are derived as ordinary differential equations for amplitudes of spatial Fourier modes (the 5D and 7D models). Correspondence of the reduced models to the original system is demonstrated numerically. Computational verification of the hyperbolicity criterion is performed for the reduced models: the distribution of angles of intersection for stable and unstable manifolds on the attractor is separated from zero, i.e., the touches are excluded. The example considered gives a partial justification for the old hopes that the chaotic behavior of autonomous distributed systems may be associated with uniformly hyperbolic attractors. MSC2010 numbers: 37D45, 37D20, 35B36 DOI: 10.1134/S1560354714040042
Predictors of functional outcome after intraoperative cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND
Few outcome data are available about intraoperative cardiac arrest (IOCA). The authors studied 90-day functional outcomes and their determinants in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after IOCA.


METHODS
Patients admitted to 11 intensive care units in a period of 2000-2013 were studied retrospectively. The main outcome measure was a day-90 Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2.


RESULTS
Of the 140 patients (61 women and 79 men; median age, 60 yr [interquartile range, 46 to 70]), 131 patients (93.6%) had general anesthesia, 80 patients (57.1%) had emergent surgery, and 73 patients (52.1%) had IOCA during surgery. First recorded rhythms were asystole in 73 patients (52.1%), pulseless electrical activity in 44 patients (31.4%), and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia in 23 patients (16.4%). Median times from collapse to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation were 0 min (0 to 0) and 10 min (5 to 20), respectively. Postcardiac arrest shock was identified in 114 patients (81.4%). Main causes of IOCA were preoperative complications (n = 46, 32.9%), complications of anesthesia (n = 39, 27.9%), and complications of surgical procedures (n = 36, 25.7%). On day 90, 63 patients (45.3%) were alive with Cerebral Performance Category score 1/2. Independent predictors of day-90 Cerebral Performance Category score 1/2 were day-1 Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (odds ratio, 0.78 per point; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.87; P = 0.0001), ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia as first recorded rhythm (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.38 to 16.53; P = 0.013), and no epinephrine therapy during postcardiac arrest syndrome (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.29 to 7.65; P = 0.012).


CONCLUSIONS
By day 90, 45% of IOCA survivors had good functional outcomes. The main outcome predictors were directly related to IOCA occurrence and postcardiac arrest syndrome; they suggest that the intensive care unit management of postcardiac arrest syndrome may be amenable to improvement.
Home respiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND
The benefits of inspiratory muscle strength training in decreasing symptoms, disability or handicap of patients affected by COPD are not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the constant use of a new flow-volumetric inspiratory exerciser, named Respivol, in improving respiratory functional parameters in COPD patients.


METHODS
Twenty consecutive ambulatory patients affected by COPD were enrolled. Each patient was assessed, before and after 3 and 6 months inspiratory exercise with Respivol, for the following clinical parameters: maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, dyspnoea grade, quality of life by a self-administered St George questionnaire and a 6-min walking test. After a brief progressive ambulatory training programme, inspiratory exercise with Respivol was performed at home for 6 months. All patients used Respivol together with medical treatment.


RESULTS
Maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure values were significantly increased after 3 and 6 months of exercise. Dyspnoea grade was significantly reduced and the 6-min walking test showed an increase in effort tolerance, after 6 months of home training. Quality of life assessment showed an improvement, associated with a decrease of respiratory disease symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Inspiratory muscle strength training with Respivol seems to be efficient in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in adults with COPD.
Characterisation and prognosis of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at their first hospitalisation

BACKGROUND
Under-diagnosis of COPD is an important unmet medical need. We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of hospitalised patients with undiagnosed COPD.


METHODS
The PAC-COPD cohort included 342 COPD patients hospitalised for the first time for an exacerbation of COPD (2004-2006). Patients were extensively characterised using sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables, and the cohort was followed-up through 2008. We defined "undiagnosed COPD" by the absence of any self-reported respiratory disease and regular use of any pharmacological respiratory treatment.


RESULTS
Undiagnosed COPD was present in 34% of patients. They were younger (mean age 66 vs. 68 years, p = 0.03), reported fewer symptoms (mMRC dyspnoea score, 2.1 vs. 2.6, p < 0.01), and had a better health status (SGRQ total score, 29 vs. 40, p < 0.01), milder airflow limitation (FEV1% ref., 59% vs. 49%, p < 0.01), and fewer comorbidities (two or more, 40% vs. 56%, p < 0.01) when compared with patients with an established COPD diagnosis. Three months after hospital discharge, 16% of the undiagnosed COPD patients had stopped smoking (vs. 5%, p = 0.019). During follow-up, annual hospitalisation rates were lower in undiagnosed COPD patients (0.14 vs. 0.25, p < 0.01); however, this difference disappeared after adjustment for severity. Mortality was similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Undiagnosed COPD patients have less severe disease and lower risk of re-hospitalisation when compared with hospitalised patients with known COPD.
The economics of climate change: an editorial essay

The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change (Stern et al. 2006a, b; Stern 2007) has been the catalyst of an enormous amount of discussion since its release in the fall of 2006. Policy makers see it as an authoritative report that makes an economic case for rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Most economists have a different opinion of the quality of the analysis, even though there is a virtual consensus among economists that climate change is a serious externality which calls for the immediate implementation of a carbon tax or some other type of policy intervention. Economists who have glanced at the Stern Review typically argue, for example, that its choice of ethical parameters (rate of pure time preference, rate of risk aversion) is peculiar, biased, and potentially misleading to be point of being counterproductive (Arrow 2007; Dasgupta 2007; Varian 2006; Yohe and Tol 2007a, b). Analysts who took a closer look at the Stern Review tend to notice a range of other assumptions that are questionable, and many have lamented what they perceive to be inadequate documentation (Jensen and Webster 2007; Mendelsohn 2006; Nordhaus 2007a; Pielke, 2007; Tol 2006; Tol and Yohe 2006; Yohe 2006; Yohe and Tol 2007b). Some papers claim that the Stern Review underestimated the impacts of climate change (Neumayer 2007; Spash 2007; Sterner and Persson 2007), while other papers argue that human-induced climate change is not real (Byatt et al. 2006; Carter et al. 2006). Neither position has any empirical support. The Stern Review team has published a number of rebuttals to our Climatic Change (2008) 89:231–240 DOI 10.1007/s10584-008-9431-z
Beyond the Multinational States: the Revival of Nations and Nationalism

Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 202 pp., ISBN 0-521-57649-0. Michael Forman, Nationalism and the International Labor Movement. The Idea of the Nation in Socialist and Anarchist Theory (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 212 pp., cloth $35.00, paper $17.95, ISBN 0-271-01727-9. Ilya Prizel, National Identity and Foreign Policy. Nationalism and leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 443 pp., hardback ?50.00, paperback ?16.95 ($54-95 / $24.95), ISBN 0-521-57697-0. Andrew Baruch Wachtel, Making a Nation, Breaking a Nation. Literature and Cultural Politics in Yugoslavia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), 302 pp., cloth $55.00, paper $18.95, ISBN 0-804-73181-0. Yitzhak M. Brudny, Reinventing Russia. Russian Nationalism and the Soviet State 1953-1991, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 352 pp., ISBN 0-674-75408-5. Catherine Wanner, Burden of Dreams. History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 255 pp., cloth $50.00, paper $18.95, ISBN 0-271-01793-7.
Different secretion patterns of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND
The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased in relation to the severity of congestive heart failure (CHF). This study was designed to examine whether the secretion patterns of ANP and BNP vary with underlying cardiac disorders of CHF with different degrees of overload in atria and ventricles.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We measured plasma levels of ANP and BNP in the aorta in 20 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) in whom atria are mainly overloaded, 30 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in whom both atria and ventricles are overloaded, and 20 control subjects during cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was significantly higher in the MS and DCM groups (16.7 +/- 4.7 mm Hg and 15.1 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, respectively) than in the control group (7.2 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between the MS and DCM groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly higher in the DCM group than in the MS group (16.4 +/- 7.8 mm Hg versus 7.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, p < 0.01), and the level was comparable between the MS and control groups (7.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg versus 6.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p = NS). The plasma ANP level was significantly higher in the MS and DCM groups (356 +/- 169 pg/ml and 331 +/- 323 pg/ml, respectively) than in the control group (98 +/- 41 pg/ml, p < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between the MS and DCM groups. The plasma BNP level was significantly higher in the DCM group than in the MS group (333 +/- 405 pg/ml versus 147 +/- 54 pg/ml, p < 0.01), and the level was significantly higher in the MS group than in the control group (147 +/- 54 pg/ml versus < 10 pg/ml, p < 0.01). The plasma levels of ANP and BNP had a highly positive correlation with PCWP in the DCM group (p < 0.01). On the other hand, in the MS group, the plasma ANP level had a highly significant correlation with PCWP (p < 0.01) but the plasma BNP level did not.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that plasma levels of BNP mainly reflect the degree of ventricular overload and that the secretion patterns of ANP and BNP vary with underlying cardiac disorders of CHF with different degrees of overload in atria and ventricles.
Path-Loss Modeling for Wireless Sensor Networks: A review of models and comparative evaluations.

Propagation models are used to abstract the actual propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves utilized for conveying information in a compact form (i.e., a model with a small number of parameters). The correct modeling of propagation and path loss is of paramount importance in wireless sensor network (WSN) system design and analysis [1]. Most of the important performance metrics commonly employed for WSNs, such as energy dissipation, route optimization, reliability, and connectivity, are affected by the utilized propagation model. However, in many studies on WSNs, overly simplistic and unrealistic propagation models are used. One of the reasons for the utilization of such impractical propagation models is the lack of awareness of experimentally available WSN-specific propagation and path-loss models. In this article, necessary succint background information is given on general wireless propagation modeling, and salient WSN-specific constraints on path-loss modeling are summarized. Building upon the provided background, an overview of the experimentally verified propagation models for WSNs is presented, and quantitative comparisons of propagation models employed in WSN research under various scenarios and frequency bands are provided.
Henry George on Chattel and Wage Slavery: The American Social Philosopher Condemned Both Forms as Immoral, Irrational Denials of Equality

Abstract. In the writings of Henry George two types of slavery are mentioned: chattel (human) and industrial (economic), or wage slavery. Greater attention is paid to the latter than to the former. In fact, chattel slavery was typically referred to only as an example or analogy in the analysis of issues that were of more fundamental concern to George: wealth, property, land, etc. Nonetheless it is possible to construct from these references a remarkably comprehensive critique of human servitude on three levels: practical, economic, and philosphicotheological. Practically, chattel slavery is inefficient and a hindrance to technological discovery and production. Economically, it does not increase the wealth of the political economy, the “Greater Leviathan.” Philosophico‐theologically, it denies the natural equality of human beings, and is based on erroneous assumptions concerning the rightful basis and nature of property. Economic (industrial) or wage slavery is worse, however. Chattel slavery is a dead or dying institution as George writes, whereas the more cruel and relentless industrial servitude is alive and growing.
Output feedback delay compensation control for networked control systems with random delays

This paper is concerned with the design and analysis problems of output feedback delay compensation controller for networked control systems (NCSs) with random network delay. By taking the full advantage of the packet-based transmission in NCSs, a delay compensation control approach is proposed to actively compensate the network-induced delay in Markovian jump linear system framework. Different from previously reported delay compensation control approaches to NCSs, an output feedback strategy is used to generate the control input packet. A new necessary and sufficient condition is proposed to perform the stability analysis of networked closed-loop system. Furthermore, by using the recently established singular Markovian jump system theory, the controller design problem is solved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by using a numerical example. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
GALOIS REPRESENTATIONS AND MODULAR FORMS

In this article, I discuss material which is related to the recent proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem: elliptic curves, modular forms, Galois representations and their deformations, Frey’s construction, and the conjectures of Serre and of Taniyama-Shimura.
The transmyocardial laser revascularization international registry report.

AIMS
This report aimed to provide an analysis of the data submitted from Europe and Asia on transmyocardial laser revascularization.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Prospective data was recorded on 967 patients with intractable angina not amenable to conventional revascularization in 21 European and Asian centres performing transmyocardial laser revascularization using the PLC Medical Systems CO2 laser. Patient characteristics, operative details and early complications following transmyocardial laser revascularization were recorded. The in-hospital death rate was 9.7% (95% confidence interval 7.8% to 11.6%). Other early complications were consistent with similar cardiothoracic surgical procedures. There was a decrease of two or more Canadian Cardiovascular Score angina classes in 47.3%, 45.4% and 34.0% of survivors at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, respectively (P=0.001 for each). Treadmill exercise time increased by 42 s at 3 months (P=0.008), 1 min 43 s at 6 months (P<0.001) and 1 min 50 s at 12 months (P<0.001) against pre-operative times of 6 min.


CONCLUSION
Uncontrolled registry data suggest that transmyocardial laser revascularization may lead to a decrease in angina and improved exercise tolerance. It does, however, have a risk of peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Definitive results from randomized controlled trials are awaited.
Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition

This paper presents a novel and efficient facial image representation based on local binary pattern (LBP) texture features. The face image is divided into several regions from which the LBP feature distributions are extracted and concatenated into an enhanced feature vector to be used as a face descriptor. The performance of the proposed method is assessed in the face recognition problem under different challenges. Other applications and several extensions are also discussed
Effects of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. and Bauhinia candicans Benth infusions on onion root-tip and rat bone-marrow cells

Medicinal plants are widely used to treat various diseases, and in Brazil the plants Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. and Bauhinia candicans Benth are commonly used in popular medicine. However, there are a large number of compounds in plants which can produce alterations in genetic material, and this study was conducted to investigate any possible mutagenic and cytotoxic effects that M. ilicifolia and B. candicans infusions may have on the cell cycle and chromosomes. Infusions were prepared with in natura leaves to give two concentrations of infusions, one at the concentration normally used by the population in general and the other at 10 times this value (i.e. 3.5 and 35 mg/mL for M. ilicifolia and 0.465 and 4.65 mg/mL for B. candicans). Onion (Allium cepa L.) root-tip cells (RTC) and Wistar rat bone-marrow cells (BMC) were used as test systems in in vivo assays. The M. ilicifolia infusions at both concentrations, and the B. candicans infusion at the lower concentration, had no statistically significant depressive mitotic effect on RTC. A statistically significant depressive mitotic effect on RTC was found with the more concentrated (4.65 mg/mL) B. candicans infusion as compared with a negative control. In BMC, infusions of B. candicans and M. ilicifolia produced no statistically significant increase in the number of chromosome alterations or rates of cell division as compared to controls. The significance of these findings are discussed in the light of the use of these plants as therapeutic agents.
A Tool for Visualizing the Topology of Three-Dimensional Vector Fields

We describe a software system, TOPO, that numerically analyzes and graphically displays topological aspects of a three dimensional vector field, v, to produce a single relatively simple picture that characterizes v. The topology of v that we consider consists of its critical points (where v = 0), their invariant manifolds, and the integral curves connecting these invariant manifolds. Many of the interesting features of v are associated with its critical points. The field in the neighborhood of each critical point is approximated by the Taylor expansion. The coefficients of the first non-zero term of the Taylor expansion around a critical point are the 3x3 matrix ▿v. Critical points are classified by examining ▿v's eigenvalues. The eigenvectors of ▿v span the invariant manifolds of the linearized field around a critical point. Curves integrated from initial points on the eigenvectors a small distance from a critical point connect with other critical points (or the boundary) to complete the topology. In addition, one class of critical surfaces important in computational fluid dynamics is analyzed.TOPO is implemented as a module in the FAST [1] visualization environment. FAST is general purpose visualization software with modules for isosurface generation, particle tracing, etc. TOPO operates on curvilinear, structured grids, including large multi-zone grids. We have used TOPO to visualize a number of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data sets. The results agree well with other topology software and hand generated topologies. TOPO has proved useful in finding surface topology, flow attachment and separation points, vortex cores, scalar field local extrema, and generally interesting regions of v. We believe there may be other interesting applications yet to be discovered. This paper, along with the references, contains most of the information needed for a scientific programmer to code a topology module in another environment.
Location verification and trust management for resilient geographic routing

In this paper, we consider the security of geographic routing (GR) protocols. In GR, neighbors exchange their location information. Based on the information, a node forwards packets to the neighbor that is closest to the destination. Although GR is widely used in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, its security has rarely been studied; there are a number of attacks that are possible on GR. In one attack, misbehaving nodes can falsify their location information. Also, malicious nodes can drop packets that they need to forward towards the destination. The first contribution of the paper is to propose a location verification algorithm to address the attacks falsifying the location information. The second contribution of the paper is to propose approaches for trust-based multi-path routing, aiming to defeat attacks on GR. We discuss the proposed approaches in detail, outlining possible attacks and defenses against them. In addition, we show, via simulation, how trust-based route selection is able to circumvent and route against attackers.
cyNeo4j: connecting Neo4j and Cytoscape

UNLABELLED
We developed cyNeo4j, a Cytoscape App to link Cytoscape and Neo4j databases to utilize the performance and storage capacities Neo4j offers. We implemented a Neo4j NetworkAnalyzer, ForceAtlas2 layout and Cypher component to demonstrate the possibilities a distributed setup of Cytoscape and Neo4j have.


AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
The app is available from the Cytoscape App Store at http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cyneo4j, the Neo4j plugins at www.github.com/gsummer/cyneo4j-parent and the community and commercial editions of Neo4j can be found at http://www.neo4j.com.


CONTACT
georg.summer@gmail.com.