LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Coreceptor gene imprinting governs thymocyte lineage fate

Immature thymocytes are bipotential cells that are signalled during positive selection to become either helper- or cytotoxic-lineage T cells. By tracking expression of lineage determining transcription factors during positive selection, we now report that the Cd8 coreceptor gene locus co-opts any coreceptor protein encoded within it to induce thymocytes to express the cytotoxic-lineage factor Runx3 and to adopt the cytotoxic-lineage fate, findings we refer to as 'coreceptor gene imprinting'. Specifically, encoding CD4 proteins in the endogenous Cd8 gene locus caused major histocompatibility complex class II-specific thymocytes to express Runx3 during positive selection and to differentiate into CD4(+) cytotoxic-lineage T cells. Our findings further indicate that coreceptor gene imprinting derives from the dynamic regulation of specific cis Cd8 gene enhancer elements by positive selection signals in the thymus. Thus, for coreceptor-dependent thymocytes, lineage fate is determined by Cd4 and Cd8 coreceptor gene loci and not by the specificity of T-cell antigen receptor/coreceptor signalling. This study identifies coreceptor gene imprinting as a critical determinant of lineage fate determination in the thymus.
High-speed convolution and correlation

Cooley and Tukey have disclosed a procedure for synthesizing and analyzing Fourier series for discrete periodic complex functions. For functions of period <i>N</i>, where <i>N</i> is a power of 2, computation times are proportional to <i>N</i> log<sub>2</sub> <i>N</i> as expressed in Eq. (0).
An introduction to RFID technology

In recent years, radio frequency identification technology has moved from obscurity into mainstream applications that help speed the handling of manufactured goods and materials. RFID enables identification from a distance, and unlike earlier bar-code technology, it does so without requiring a line of sight. In this paper, the author introduces the principles of RFID, discusses its primary technologies and applications, and reviews the challenges organizations will face in deploying this technology.
Deployment of MICAz mote for Wireless Sensor Network applications

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a new technology that enables remote monitoring and data gathering to be realized in many applications such as traffic control, health monitoring, disaster management and many others. WSN is built by connecting a group of nodes together to perform the required tasks. These nodes cooperate and automatically create a network among themselves. One of the most common wireless sensor node, also commonly known as mote, used is the MICAz mote. MICAz is easy to implement and can be used to build WSN for various applications. This paper demonstrates the deployment of MICAz motes using a test case of soil moisture sensor for environmental monitoring applications. A detailed description of hardware and software requirements, sensor calibrations, mote firmware, testing, debugging and verifications is given. This will enable researchers and engineers to quickly obtain a working knowledge in the implementation of various WSN applications.
A comparison of strategies to develop a customer default scoring model

Behavioural scoring models are generally used to estimate the probability that a customer of a financial institution who owns a credit product will default on this product in a fixed time horizon. However, one single customer usually purchases many credit products from an institution while behavioural scoring models generally treat each of these products independently. In order to make credit risk management easier and more efficient, it is interesting to develop customer default scoring models. These models estimate the probability that a customer of a certain financial institution will have credit issues with at least one product in a fixed time horizon. In this study, three strategies to develop customer default scoring models are described. One of the strategies is regularly utilized by financial institutions and the other two will be proposed herein. The performance of these strategies is compared by means of an actual data bank supplied by a financial institution and a Monte Carlo simulation study. Journal of the Operational Research Society advance online publication, 20 April 2016; doi:10.1057/jors.2016.23
Printed WWAN/LTE slot antenna for tablet computer application

A printed slot antenna comprising two quarter-wavelength slots of different lengths and a half-wavelength slot for eight-band WWAN/LTE operation in the tablet computer is presented. The two quarter-wavelength slots are open slots or monopole slots, and the half-wavelength slot is aligned in-between the two quarter-wavelength slots. The three slots are excited using a two-strip feedline which is printed on the opposite surface of the printed slots. The proposed three-slot configuration can lead to two wide operating bands, with the lower one covering the 704∼960 MHz band and the upper one covering the 1710∼2690 MHz band. Good radiation efficiency for frequencies over the operating bands is obtained. The simulated body SAR (specific absorption rate) values of the antenna in the bottom face, landscape and portrait orientations to the flat phantom in the body SAR testing model also meet the limit of 1.6 W/kg for 1-g tissue. Details of the results are presented.
Radiation dose to the pediatric cardiac catheterization and intervention patient.

OBJECTIVE
The radiation dose from cardiac catheterization is particularly relevant when treating children because of their greater radiosensitivity compared with adults. Moreover, cardiac catheterization is being used increasingly for interventional radiology procedures, possibly resulting in higher patient radiation doses. This article reports the radiation doses and related factors, such as fluoroscopy time, for children who underwent cardiac catheterization and children who underwent other interventional radiology procedures.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated 239 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization (n = 205) or another interventional radiology procedure (n = 34) for which the dose-area product (DAP) was measured. The number of cine runs and fluoroscopic time for each procedure and the body mass index and body weight of each patient were recorded. We also used the double product combined with body weight, which is the weight- fluoroscopic time product.


RESULTS
The average DAP ± SD of cardiac catheterization and of an interventional radiology procedure was 1,702.6 ± 2,110.1 cGy × cm² and 2,242.2 ± 2,509.4 cGy × cm², respectively. The average fluoroscopic time ± SD of cardiac catheterization and of an interventional radiology procedure was 24.1 ± 16.8 minutes and 37.2 ± 20.0 minutes. For children who underwent cardiac catheterization and those who underwent an interventional radiology procedure, a strong correlation was seen between the DAP and weight-fluoroscopic time product (cardiac catheterization, r = 0.906; interventional radiology procedure, r = 0.885) and a good correlation was detected between the DAP and weight (r = 0.819 and 0.895, respectively).


CONCLUSION
There was a good correlation between the DAP and weight and between DAP and weight-fluoroscopic time product for children who underwent cardiac catheterization or an interventional radiology procedure. Therefore, body weight is important for determining radiation dose to children undergoing cardiac catheterization or an interventional radiology procedure. The normalized DAP (i.e., DAP divided by body weight), fluoroscopy time, and number of cine runs were greater in children who underwent an interventional radiology procedure than in those who underwent cardiac catheterization. Therefore, the radiation dose to children from interventional radiology procedures is a more critical issue.
Measuring Message Propagation and Social Influence on Twitter.com

Although extensive studies have been conducted on online social networks (OSNs), it is not clear how to characterize information propagation and social influence, two types of important but not well defined social behavior. This paper presents a measurement study of 58M messages collected from 700K users on Twitter.com, a popular social medium. We analyze the propagation patterns of general messages and show how breaking news (Michael Jackson’s death) spread through Twitter. Furthermore, we evaluate different social influences by examining their stabilities, assessments, and correlations. This paper addresses the complications as well as challenges we encounter when measuring message propagation and social influence on OSNs. We believe that our results here provide valuable insights for future OSN research.
Short-term effects of implemented high intensity shoulder elevation during computer work

BACKGROUND
Work-site strength training sessions are shown effective to prevent and reduce neck-shoulder pain in computer workers, but difficult to integrate in normal working routines. A solution for avoiding neck-shoulder pain during computer work may be to implement high intensity voluntary contractions during the computer work. However, it is unknown how this may influence productivity, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) as well as activity and rest of neck-shoulder muscles during computer work. The aim of this study was to investigate short-term effects of a high intensity contraction on productivity, RPE and upper trapezius activity and rest during computer work and a subsequent pause from computer work.


METHODS
18 female computer workers performed 2 sessions of 15 min standardized computer mouse work preceded by 1 min pause with and without prior high intensity contraction of shoulder elevation. RPE was reported, productivity (drawings per min) measured, and bipolar surface electromyography (EMG) recorded from the dominant upper trapezius during pauses and sessions of computer work. Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests was applied for the statistical analyses.


RESULTS
The main findings were that a high intensity shoulder elevation did not modify RPE, productivity or EMG activity of the upper trapezius during the subsequent pause and computer work. However, the high intensity contraction reduced the relative rest time of the uppermost (clavicular) trapezius part during the subsequent pause from computer work (p < 0.04).


CONCLUSION
Since a preceding high intensity shoulder elevation did not impose a negative impact on perceived effort, productivity or upper trapezius activity during computer work, implementation of high intensity contraction during computer work to prevent neck-shoulder pain may be possible without affecting the working routines. However, the unexpected reduction in clavicular trapezius rest during a pause with preceding high intensity contraction requires further investigation before high intensity shoulder elevations can be recommended as an integrated part of computer work.
CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS FOR BIG DATA ANALYSIS, A MAP REDUCE APPROACH

Since many years ago, the scientific community is concerned about how to increase the accuracy of different classification methods, and major achievements have been made so far. Besides this issue, the increasing amount of data that is being generated every day by remote sensors raises more challenges to be overcome. In this work, a tool within the scope of InterIMAGE Cloud Platform (ICP), which is an open-source, distributed framework for automatic image interpretation, is presented. The tool, named ICP: Data Mining Package, is able to perform supervised classification procedures on huge amounts of data, usually referred as big data, on a distributed infrastructure using Hadoop MapReduce. The tool has four classification algorithms implemented, taken from WEKA’s machine learning library, namely: Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The results of an experimental analysis using a SVM classifier on data sets of different sizes for different cluster configurations demonstrates the potential of the tool, as well as aspects that affect its performance. * Corresponding author
Dissecting Kawasaki disease: a state-of-the-art review

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) as its main complication. The diagnosis is based on the presence of persistent fever and clinical features including exanthema, lymphadenopathy, conjunctival injection, and changes to the mucosae and extremities. Although the etiology remains unknown, the current consensus is that it is likely caused by an (infectious) trigger initiating an abnormal immune response in genetically predisposed children. Treatment consists of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and is directed at preventing the development of CAA. Unfortunately, 10–20% of all patients fail to respond to IVIG and these children need additional anti-inflammatory treatment. Coronary artery lesions are diagnosed by echocardiography in the acute and subacute phases. Both absolute arterial diameters and z-scores, adjusted for height and weight, are used as criteria for CAA. Close monitoring of CAA is important as ischemic symptoms or myocardial infarction due to thrombosis or stenosis can occur. These complications are most likely to arise in the largest, so-called giant CAA. Apart from the presence of CAA, it is unclear whether KD causes an increased cardiovascular risk due to the vasculitis itself. Conclusion: Many aspects of KD remain unknown, although there is growing knowledge on the etiology, treatment, and development and classification of CAA. Since children with previous KD are entering adulthood, long-term follow-up is increasingly important. What is known: • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery damage as its main complication. • Although KD approaches its 50th birthday since its first description, many aspects of the disease remain poorly understood. What is new: • In recent years, multiple genetic candidate pathways involved in KD have been identified, with recently promising information about the ITPKC pathway. • As increasing numbers of KD patients are reaching adulthood, increasing information is available about the long-term consequences of coronary artery damage and broader cardiovascular risk.
Scholarly work and the shaping of digital access

works within the stores of recorded knowledge. In the digital environment scholars are seeking and using information in new ways and generating new types of scholarly products, many of which are specialized resources for access to research information. These practices have important implications for the collection and organization of digital access resources. Drawing on a series of qualitative studies investigating the information work of scientists and humanities scholars, specific information seeking activities influenced by the Internet and two general modes of information access evident in research practice are identified in this article. These conceptual modes of access are examined in relation to the digital access resources currently being developed by researchers in the humanities and neuroscience. Schol-ars' modes of access and their " working " and " implicit " assemblages of information represent what researchers actually do when gathering and working with research materials and therefore provide a useful framework for the collection and organization of access resources in research libraries. Introduction The dialogue among researchers and professionals concerned with the future of scholarly communication is often focused on shifts in how research articles are being published and disseminated. Undoubtedly, electronic publishing on the Internet is quickly changing the format and means of distribution of scholarly works, but there are other dimensions of the scholarly communication cycle that are also changing in important ways. If we conceive of scholarly communication as the entire set of activities involved in scholarly exchange, the resources that assist researchers in identifying and finding publications and other sources of information are clearly of great consequence. The access resources used by scholars— the indexes, directories, bibliographies, and databases, also known as reference or tertiary sources—are of particular interest because they can mediate paths of research by encouraging certain directions and introducing barriers to others. Thus, the shift to digital production of access resources may prove to be more profound than the advent of electronic journal and book publishing. After all, access resources provide the infrastructure that makes primary and secondary publications searchable or able to be gathered as raw materials for research in the first place. Scholars generally gather large amounts of data and literature before they produce new findings or write a report on their research, and the Internet is influencing what information comes into play during this process of scholarly production. At the same time it is fostering the development of new resources for …
Fast Statistical Parsing of Noun Phrases for Document Indexing

Information Retrieval (IR) is an important application area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) where one encounters the genuine challenge of processing large quantities of unrestricted natural language text. While much effort has been made to apply NLP techniques to IR, very few NLP techniques have been evaluated on a document collection larger than several megabytes. Many NLP techniques are simply not efficient enough, and not robust enough, to handle a large amount of text. This paper proposes a new probabilistic model for noun phrase parsing, and reports on the application of such a parsing technique to enhance document indexing. The effectiveness of using syntactic phrases provided by the parser to supplement single words for indexing is evaluated with a 250 megabytes document collection. The experiment’s results show that supplementing single words with syntactic phrases for indexing consistently and significantly improves retrieval performance.
What is Critical Literacy

We are what we say and do. The way we speak and are spoken to help shape us into the people we become. Through words and other actions, we build ourselves in a world that is building us. That world addresses us to produce the different identities we carry forward in life: men are addressed differently than are women, people of color differently than whites, elite students differently than those from working families. Yet, though language is fateful in teaching us what kind of people to become and what kind of society to make, discourse is not destiny. We can redefine ourselves and remake society, if we choose, through alternative rhetoric and dissident projects. This is where critical literacy begins, for questioning power relations, discourses, and identities in a world not yet finished, just, or humane.
Estimating Potential Infection Transmission Routes in Hospital Wards Using Wearable Proximity Sensors

BACKGROUND
Contacts between patients, patients and health care workers (HCWs) and among HCWs represent one of the important routes of transmission of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). A detailed description and quantification of contacts in hospitals provides key information for HAIs epidemiology and for the design and validation of control measures.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
We used wearable sensors to detect close-range interactions ("contacts") between individuals in the geriatric unit of a university hospital. Contact events were measured with a spatial resolution of about 1.5 meters and a temporal resolution of 20 seconds. The study included 46 HCWs and 29 patients and lasted for 4 days and 4 nights. 14,037 contacts were recorded overall, 94.1% of which during daytime. The number and duration of contacts varied between mornings, afternoons and nights, and contact matrices describing the mixing patterns between HCW and patients were built for each time period. Contact patterns were qualitatively similar from one day to the next. 38% of the contacts occurred between pairs of HCWs and 6 HCWs accounted for 42% of all the contacts including at least one patient, suggesting a population of individuals who could potentially act as super-spreaders.


CONCLUSIONS
Wearable sensors represent a novel tool for the measurement of contact patterns in hospitals. The collected data can provide information on important aspects that impact the spreading patterns of infectious diseases, such as the strong heterogeneity of contact numbers and durations across individuals, the variability in the number of contacts during a day, and the fraction of repeated contacts across days. This variability is however associated with a marked statistical stability of contact and mixing patterns across days. Our results highlight the need for such measurement efforts in order to correctly inform mathematical models of HAIs and use them to inform the design and evaluation of prevention strategies.
Toxicity of metal mixtures to a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp): the effect of interactions between copper, cadmium, and zinc on metal cell binding and uptake.

The individual and combined effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the cell division rate of the tropical freshwater alga Chlorella sp. were determined over 48 to 72 h. Metal mixtures were prepared based on multiples of their single-metal median effective concentration (EC50) values, i.e., toxic units (TU) using a triangular mixture design with five toxicant levels (0, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 TU). Single-metal EC50 values after a 72-h exposure were 0.11, 0.85, and 1.4 microM for copper, cadmium, and zinc, respectively. Significant interactions were observed for all metal combinations after 48 and 72 h. An equitoxic mixture of Cu + Cd was more than concentration additive (synergistic) to the growth of Chlorella sp., while combinations of Cu + Zn, Cd + Zn, and Cu + Cd + Zn were all less than concentration additive or were antagonistic. To determine the effect of each metal on the uptake of the other, extracellular (membrane-bound) and intracellular metal concentrations, both alone and in mixtures, were compared. The increased growth inhibition observed for mixtures of Cu + Cd was due to higher concentrations of cell-bound and intracellular copper in the presence of cadmium compared with copper alone (i.e., cadmium-enhanced copper uptake). In contrast, both extra- and intracellular cadmium concentrations were reduced in the presence of copper. In mixtures of Cu + Zn, copper also inhibited the binding and cellular uptake of zinc, which resulted in decreased toxicity. Zinc had no appreciable effect on the uptake of copper by Chlorella sp. Our results suggest that all three metals share some common uptake and transport sites on Chlorella cells and that copper out competes both cadmium and zinc for cell binding. Determination of metal cell distribution coefficients (K(d)) confirmed that K(d) values for cadmium and zinc in single-metal exposures decreased in the presence of copper.