LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention for weight loss into primary care: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among high-risk adults by 58%, with weight loss as the dominant predictor. However, it has not been adequately translated into primary care.


METHODS
We evaluated 2 adapted DPP lifestyle interventions among overweight or obese adults who were recruited from 1 primary care clinic and had pre-DM and/or metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomized to (1) a coach-led group intervention (n = 79), (2) a self-directed DVD intervention (n = 81), or (3) usual care (n = 81). During a 3-month intensive intervention phase, the DPP-based behavioral weight-loss curriculum was delivered by lifestyle coach-led small groups or home-based DVD. During the maintenance phase, participants in both interventions received lifestyle change coaching and support remotely-through secure email within an electronic health record system and the American Heart Association Heart360 website for weight and physical activity goal setting and self-monitoring. The primary outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) from baseline to 15 months.


RESULTS
At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 52.9 (10.6) years and a mean BMI of 32.0 (5.4); 47% were female; 78%, non-Hispanic white; and 17%, Asian/Pacific Islander. At month 15, the mean ± SE change in BMI from baseline was -2.2 ± 0.3 in the coach-led group vs -0.9 ± 0.3 in the usual care group (P < .001) and -1.6 ± 0.3 in the self-directed group vs usual care (P = .02). The percentages of participants who achieved the 7% DPP-based weight-loss goal were 37.0% (P = .003) and 35.9% (P = .004) in the coach-led and self-directed groups, respectively, vs 14.4% in the usual care group. Both interventions also achieved greater net improvements in waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose level.


CONCLUSION
Proven effective in a primary care setting, the 2 DPP-based lifestyle interventions are readily scalable and exportable with potential for substantial clinical and public health impact.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00842426.
Geometric modeling of the human torso using cubic hermite elements

We discuss the advantages and problems associated with fitting geometric data of the human torso obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, with high-order (bicubic Hermite) surface elements. These elements preserve derivative (C 1) continuity across element boundaries and permit smooth anatomically accurate surfaces to be obtained with relatively few elements. These elements are fitted to the data with a new nonlinear fitting procedure that minimizes the error in the fit while maintainingC 1 continuity with nonlinear constraints. Nonlinear Sobelov smoothing is also incorporated into this fitting scheme. The structures fitted along with their corresponding root meansquared error, number of elements used, and number of degrees of freedom (df) per variable are: epicardium (0.91 mm, 40 elements, 142 df), left lung (1.66 mm, 80 elements, 309 df), right lung (1.69 mm, 80 elements, 309 df), skeletal muscle surface (1.67 mm, 264 elements, 1,010 df), fat layer (1.79 mm, 264 elements, 1,010 df), and the skin layer (1.43 mm, 264 elements, 1,010 df). The fitted surfaces are assembled into a combined finite element/boundary element model of the torso in which the exterior surfaces of the heart and lungs are modeled with two-dimensional boundary elements and the layers of the skeletal muscle, fat, and skin are modeled with finite elements. The skeletal muscle and fat layers are modeled with bicubic Hermite linear elements and are obtained by joining the adjacent surface elements for each layer. Applications for the torso model include the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography, defibrillation studies, radiation dosage studies, and heat transfer studies.
Dual task performance after diazepam intake: can resource depletion explain the benzodiazepine-induced amnesia?

 It was tested whether a depletion in resources can account for the benzodiazepine-induced memory impairment. In two experiments, it was examined whether dividing attention had a disproportionately detrimental effect on learning semantically related and unrelated word pairs after diazepam intake. Word pairs had to be learned in both a single task condition and while performing a visual discrimination task concurrently (dual task condition). Moreover, the complexity of the visual discrimination task was manipulated systematically. Diazepam (15 mg, orally) or placebo was administered in a double-blind, between-subjects design. Subjects after diazepam intake were clearly impaired in learning unrelated word pairs, but not in learning related word pairs. Dividing attention in the dual task condition was associated with a reduction in learning unrelated word pairs, but this was not disproportionately reduced after diazepam intake. Moreover, the magnitude of resource depletion did not correlate with the severity of the diazepam-induced memory impairment. In general, the pattern of results does not support the hypothesis that a depletion of resources can explain the benzodiazepine-induced memory impairment.
Depression in Main Caregivers of Dementia Patients: Prevalence and Predictors

Background
The most common neurodegenerative disease is dementia. Family of dementia patients says that their lives have been changed extensively after happening of dementia to their patients. One of the problems of family and caregivers is depression of the caregiver. In this study, we aimed to find the prevalence of depression and factors can affect depression in the dementia caregivers.


Materials and Methods
This study was cross-sectional study with convenient sampling method. Our society was 96 main caregivers of dementia patients in the year 2015 in Iran. We had two questionnaires, a demographic and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). BDI Cronbach's alpha is 0.86 for psychiatric patients and 0.81 for nonpsychiatric persons, and Beck's scores are between 0 and 64. We used SPSS version 22 for statistical analysis.


Results
According to Beck depression test, 69.8% (n = 67 out of 96) of all caregivers had scores in the range of depression. In bivariate analysis, we found higher dementia severity and lower support of other family members from the caregiver can predict higher depression in the caregiver. As well, in regression analysis using GLM model, we found higher age and lower educational level of the caregiver can predict higher depression in the caregiver. Moreover, regression analysis approved findings about severity and support of other family members in bivariate analysis.


Conclusion
High-level depression is found in caregivers of dementia patients. It needs special attention from healthcare managers, clinicians and all of health-care personnel who deals with dementia patients and their caregivers.
Metal organic frameworks for energy storage and conversion

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel type of porous crystalline materials, have attracted increasing attention in clean energy applications due to their high surface area, permanent porosity, and controllable structures. MOFs are excellent precursors for the design and fabrication of nanostructured porous carbons and metal oxides, especially for hierarchical nanostructures. In this review, the recent development and understanding of MOFs and MOF-derived nanomaterials in the applications of fuel cells, batteries (e.g. lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur, and lithium–air batteries), and supercapacitors are summarized in detail. In particular, we focus on the design and fabrication of the morphology of nanomaterials derived from MOFs and the significant impact of structure on the electrochemical performance in clean energy applications. Finally, we also present the future trends, prospects, and possible obstacles of the development of advanced MOFs and MOF-derived nanomaterials for more promising and large-scale commercial applications of clean energy. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MODELING APPROACHES AND SOFTWARE FOR PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF MILLING OPERATIONS AT MAL-UBC

The metal cutting research should lead to improved design of cutting tools, machine tool structures, spindle and feed drives and the optimal planning of individual machining operations based on physical constraints. The amplitude and frequency of cutting forces, torque and power are used in sizing machine tool structures, spindle and feed drive mechanisms, bearings, motors and drives as well as the shank size of the tools and fixture rigidity. The stress and temperature field in the cutting tool edge, chip and finish work piece surface are used in designing cutting edge shape as well as in optimizing feed, speed and depth of cut to avoid residual stresses on the finish surface. Modeling the interaction between the cutting process and structural vibrations of machine tool, cutting tool and fixture leads to the identification of weak links in the machine structure and determination of chatter vibration free spindle speeds and depth of cuts [3]. The complete model of the machining process is therefore used in both design of cutting tools and machine tools, as well as planning of machining operations for maximum productivity and quality.
Pojęcie pamięci obywatelskiej

In this text I form opinions on the goals of interpretation of past evil. I point to the need of: 1) Developing the network of categories that would enable expressing the diversity of past evil. 2) Re-articulation, in ethical terms, of the articulations of practice originating from participants of the past. 3) Keeping a distance to the discours condemning the past actants.
The Job Satisfaction of Finnish Nursing Staff: The Development of a Job Satisfaction Scale and Survey Results

This paper describes the development of the Kuopio University Hospital Job Satisfaction Scale (KUHJSS) and the results of the survey. The scale was developed through a systematic literature review, and its validity and reliability were assessed using several psychometric properties including expert evaluation (n = 5), a pilot survey (n = 172), and exploratory factor analysis. The final version of KUHJSS included 37 items. A large sample psychometric evaluation was made by nursing staff (n = 2708). The exploratory factor analysis revealed seven factors with modest internal consistency (0.64-0.92). The staff reported relatively high job satisfaction. The greatest satisfaction was derived from motivating factors associated with the work; the least, from the job's demands. Respondents who considered their working units to provide an excellent quality of care reported the highest job satisfaction in every subarea (P < .0001). The KUHJSS proved to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring job satisfaction in hospital care.
Massage therapy plus topical analgesic is more effective than massage alone for hand arthritis pain.

METHODS
20 adults were randomly assigned to a massage therapy or a massage therapy plus a topical analgesic application group. Both groups received a weekly massage from a therapist and were taught self-massage (same procedure) to be done by each participant once daily over a four-week period.


RESULTS
The massage plus topical analgesic group as compared to the massage group had greater improvement in hand function as measured by a digital hand exerciser following the first session and across the four-week period. That group also had a greater increase in perceived grip strength and a greater decrease in hand pain, depressed mood and sleep disturbances over the four-week period. Massage therapy has been effective for several pain syndromes including migraine headaches (Lawle and Cameron, 2006)), lower back pain (Hsieh et al., 2004), fibromyalgia (Kalichman, 2010), neck and shoulder pain (Kong et al., 2013), carpal tunnel syndrome (Elliott and Burkett, 2013), and pain related to upper limb arthritis (Field et al., 2013). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether applying a topical analgesic following massage might be more effective than massage alone in treating pain associated with hand arthritis.
Efficacy and safety of leflunomide alone and in combination with methotrexate in the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis patients who develop refractoriness are left with no alternatives other than leflunomide and costly biological response modifiers. Leflunomide, though effective, was associated with adverse events and has not been extensively studied in the Indian population.


AIMS
Determination of safety and efficacy of leflunomide alone and if not useful, in combination with methotrexate in patients refractory to conventional disease-modifying agents.


SETTING AND DESIGN
Open labeled clinical trial with leflunomide [100 mg, OD x 3 days followed by 20 mg, OD x 6 months], if no improvement at three months, combined with methotrexate [5-7.5 mg, OD x 3 months] at a tertiary care hospital.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The primary endpoint in the improvement in EULAR criteria and secondary endpoints were patient and physician global evaluation, incidence of remission and biochemical and clinical adverse events.


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Chi square test or Fisher's exact test and parametric and non-parametric repeat measure ANOVA were used for analysis.


RESULTS
Among 84 patients who were included in the study, leflunomide showed improvement and remission in 52 [62%] and 6 [7%] in six months, by intention to treat analysis. Adverse events were observed in 15, discontinuation in 5 and 24 dropped out. With combination in 11 patients, there was improvement and remission in nine [91%] and one [9%] after three months. Adverse events were observed in six and one discontinued.


CONCLUSIONS
If regular monitoring of hepatic function and hematological parameters are performed, leflunomide is an effective and safe drug in the Indian population in resistant rheumatoid arthritis patients, especially if used alone.
Personalized Online Advertising Effectiveness: The Interplay of What, When, and Where

Full terms and conditions of use: http://pubsonline.informs.org/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used only for the purposes of research, teaching, and/or private study. Commercial use or systematic downloading (by robots or other automatic processes) is prohibited without explicit Publisher approval, unless otherwise noted. For more information, contact permissions@informs.org. The Publisher does not warrant or guarantee the article’s accuracy, completeness, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Descriptions of, or references to, products or publications, or inclusion of an advertisement in this article, neither constitutes nor implies a guarantee, endorsement, or support of claims made of that product, publication, or service. Copyright © 2015, INFORMS
Analysis of Neural Cryptography

In this paper we analyse the security of a new key exchange protocol proposed in [3], which is based on mutually learning neural networks. This is a new potential source for public key cryptographic schemes which are not based on number theoretic functions, and have small time and memory complexities. In the first part of the paper we analyse the scheme, explain why the two parties converge to a common key, and why an attacker using a similar neural network is unlikely to converge to the same key. However, in the second part of the paper we show that this key exchange protocol can be broken in three different ways, and thus it is completely insecure.
Evaluation of left ventricular functions in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome using tissue Doppler echocardiography and its association with plasma BNP levels.

OBJECTIVE
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is a systemic disorder that involves various visceral organs. In this observational cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate the left ventricular functions in patients with PES by using tissue Doppler imaging and correlations between B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and cardiac functions.


METHODS
The study enrolled 22 patients with PES (9 male, 41%), aged 57.0 ± 8.8 years, and 23 control subjects (9 male, 39%), aged 52.8 ± 4.9 years. Patients with any cardiovascular disease were excluded. Fasting blood samples were taken and tissue Doppler imaging was performed at the mitral annulus with echocardiographic examination. The independent t and Mann-Whitney U tests were used.


RESULTS
The Em velocities at the basal septum and lateral annulus were significantly lower in patients with PES showing decreased diastolic functions (7.6 ± 2.0 versus 9.1 ± 1.6 cm/s, p=0.01 and 9.3 ± 3.5 versus 11.5 ± 3.1 cm/s, p=0.04 respectively). While global left ventricular systolic function assessed by ejection fraction was not significantly different between patients with PES and controls, the septum S-wave velocities of PES patients were lower (7.6 ± 1.3 versus 8.5 ± 1.2 cm/s, p=0.03). Total plasma BNP levels were significantly higher in PES patients (129.04 ± 99.38 pg/mL versus 59.64 ± 53.69 pg/mL; p=0.005) and there was a negative correlation between plasma BNP concentration and mitral annulus average Em velocities (r=-0.554, p=0.009). E/Em ratio was also significantly higher in PES patients (7.85 ± 2.01 versus 6.64 ± 1.48, p=0.03).


CONCLUSION
In this study we showed decreased left ventricular diastolic functions correlated with plasma BNP levels in PES patients. Although further studies needed, evaluation and follow-up of PES patients in terms of left ventricular functions will be useful.
Smart Routing: A Novel Application of Collaborative Path-Finding to Smart Parking Systems

We utilise collaborative path-finding to improve efficiency of smart parking systems and therefore reduce traffic congestion in metropolitan environments, while increasing efficiency and profitability of parking garages. A significant portion of traffic in urban areas is accounted for by drivers searching for an available parking space. Many cities have adopted a parking guidance and information system to try to alleviate this traffic congestion. Typically these systems entail informing the driver of the whereabouts of an available space, reserving that space for the specific driver, and providing directions to reach the destination. Little or no account is taken of how much congestion will be caused by multiple drivers being directed to the same car-park concurrently. We introduce the concept of collaborative path-finding to the problem. We simulate a smart parking system for an urban environment, and show that a novel approach to collaboratively planning paths for multiple agents can lead to reduced traffic congestion on routes toward busy parking areas, while reducing the amount of time when parking spaces are vacant, thereby increasing the revenue earned.
Mid-second Trimester Measurement of Nasal Bone Length in the Indian Population.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to establish an Indian reference for normal fetal nasal bone length at 16-26 weeks of gestation.


METHODS
The fetal nasal bone was measured by ultrasound in 2,962 pregnant women at 16-26 weeks of gestation from 2004 to 2009 by a single operator, who performed three measurements for each woman when the fetus was in the midsagittal plane and the nasal bone was between a 45 and 135° angle to the ultrasound beam. All neonates were examined after delivery to confirm the absence of congenital abnormalities.


RESULTS
The median nasal bone length increased with gestational age from 3.3 mm at 16 weeks to 6.65 mm at 26 weeks in a linear relationship. The fifth percentile nasal bone lengths were 2.37, 2.4, 2.8, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9, 4.3, 4.6, 4.68, 4.54, and 4.91 mm at 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 weeks, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
We have established the nasal bone length in South Indian fetuses at 16-26 weeks of gestation and there is progressive increase in the fifth percentile of nasal bone length with advancing gestational age. Hence, gestational age should be considered while defining hypoplasia of the nasal bone.
High-efficiency space and terrestrial multijunction solar cells through bandgap control in cell structures

Using the energy bandgap of semiconductors as a design parameter is critically important for achieving the highest efficiency multijunction solar cells. The bandgaps of lattice-matched semiconductors that are most convenient to use are rarely those which would result in the highest theoretical efficiency. For both the space and terrestrial solar spectra, the efficiency of 3-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells can be increased by a lower bandgap middle cell, as for GaInAs middle cells, as well as by using higher bandgap top cell materials. Widebandgap and indirect-gap materials used in parasitically absorbing layers such as tunnel junctions help to increase transmission of light to the active cell layers beneath. Control of bandgap in such cell structures has been instrumental in achieving solar cell efficiencies of 29.7% under the AM0 space spectrum (0.1353 W/cm, 28C) and 34% under the concentrated terrestrial spectrum (AM1.5G, 150-400 suns, 25C), the highest yet achieved for solar cells built on a single substrate.
Enjoyment of Mediated Fright and Violence : A Meta-Analysis

In this meta-analysis, we synthesized data from published journal articles that investigated viewers’ enjoyment of fright and violence. Given the limited research on this topic, this analysis was primarily a way of summarizing the current state of knowledge and developing directions for future research. The studies selected (a) examined frightening or violent media content; (b) used self-report measures of enjoyment or preference for such content (the dependent variable); and (c) included independent variables that were given theoretical consideration in the literature. The independent variables examined were negative affect and arousal during viewing, empathy, sensation seeking, aggressiveness, and the respondents’ gender and age. The analysis confirmed that male viewers, individuals lower in empathy, and those higher in sensation seeking and aggressiveness reported more enjoyment of fright and violence. Some support emerged for Zillmann’s (1980, 1996) model of suspense enjoyment. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of considering how viewers interpret or appraise their reactions to fright and violence. However, the studies were so diverse in design and measurement methods that it was difficult to identify the underlying processes. Suggestions are proposed for future research that will move toward the integration of separate lines of inquiry in a unified approach to understanding entertainment. MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY, 7, 207–237 Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.