LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Architecture For Opportunistic Text Generation

We describe the architecture of the ILEX system, • which supports opportunistic text generation. In • web-based text generation, the SYstem cannot plan the entire multi-page discourse because the user's browsing path is unpredictable. For this reason, • the system must be ready opportunistically to take • advantage of whatever path the user chooses. We describe both the nature of opportunism in ILEX's museum domain, and then show how ILEX has been designed to function in this environment. The architecture presented addresses opportunism in both content determination and sentenceplanning. 1 E x p l o i t i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s in t e x t g e n e r a t i o n • Many models of text generation make use of standard patterns (whether expressed as schemas (e.g. [McKeown 85]) or plan operators (e.g. [Moore and Paris 93])) to break down communicative goals in such a way as to produce extended texts. Such models are making two basic assumptions: 1. Text generation is goal directed, in the sense that spans and subspans of text are designed to achieve unitary communicative goals [Grosz and Sidner 86]. 2. Although the details Of the structUre of a text may have to be tuned to particulars of the communicative situation, generally the structure is determined by the goals and their decomposition. That is, a generator •needs strategies for decomposing the achievement of complex • goals into sequences of utterances, rather than ways of combining sequences of utterances into more complex structures. Generation is "top-down", rather than"bottom-up" [Marcu 97]. Our belief is that there is an important class of NLG problems for which these basic assumptions• are not helpful. These problems all involve situations where semi-fixed explanation strategies are less useful than the ability to exploit opportunities. WordNet gives the following definition of 0pportunity': O p p o r t u n i t y : "A possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances" Because • opportunities involve •combinations of circumstances, they are often unexpected and hard to predict. It may be too expensive or impossible to have complete knowledge about them. Topdown generation strategies may not be able •to exploit opportunities (except at the cost of looking for all opportunities at all• points) because it is difficult to associate classes of opportunities with fixed stages in the explanation •process. We are investigating opportunistic text generation in the Intelligent Labelling Explorer (ILEX) project, which seeks automatically to generate a sequence of commentaries for items in an electronic 180 South Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1HN, Email: {chrism,miCko}@dai.ecl.ac.uk. 2 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, Email: {alik, jon}@cogsci.ed, ac.uk
Discordance between echocardiography and MRI in the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity: a prospective multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND
The decision to undergo mitral valve surgery is often made on the basis of echocardiographic criteria and clinical assessment. Recent changes in treatment guidelines recommending surgery in asymptomatic patients make the accurate assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity even more important.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of MR severity using the degree of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after surgery as the reference standard.


METHODS
In this prospective multicenter trial, MR severity was assessed in 103 patients using both echocardiography and MRI. Thirty-eight patients subsequently had isolated mitral valve surgery, and 26 of these had an additional MRI performed 5 to 7 months after surgery. The pre-surgical estimate of regurgitant severity was correlated with the postoperative decrease in LV end-diastolic volume.


RESULTS
Agreement between MRI and echocardiographic estimates of MR severity was modest in the overall cohort (r = 0.6; p < 0.0001), and there was a poorer correlation in the subset of patients sent for surgery (r = 0.4; p = 0.01). There was a strong correlation between post-surgical LV remodeling and MR severity as assessed by MRI (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001), and no correlation between post-surgical LV remodeling and MR severity as assessed by echocardiography (r = 0.32; p = 0.1).


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that MRI is more accurate than echocardiography in assessing the severity of MR. MRI should be considered in those patients when MR severity as assessed by echocardiography is influencing important clinical decisions, such as the decision to undergo MR surgery.
A 6.7-GHz Active Gate Driver for GaN FETs to Combat Overshoot, Ringing, and EMI

Active gate driving has been demonstrated to beneficially shape switching waveforms in Si- and SiC-based power converters. For faster GaN power devices with sub-10-ns switching transients, however, reported variable gate driving has so far been limited to altering a single drive parameter once per switching event, either during or outside of the transient. This paper demonstrates a gate driver with a timing resolution and range of output resistance levels that surpass those of existing gate drivers or arbitrary waveform generators. It is shown to permit active gate driving with a bandwidth that is high enough to shape a GaN switching during the transient. The programmable gate driver has integrated high-speed memory, control logic, and multiple parallel output stages. During switching transients, the gate driver can activate a near-arbitrary sequence of pull-up or pull-down output resistances between 0.12 and 64 Ω. A hybrid of clocked and asynchronous control logic with 150-ps delay elements achieves an effective resistance update rate of 6.7 GHz during switching events. This active gate driver is evaluated in a 1-MHz bridge-leg converter using EPC2015 GaN FETs. The results show that aggressive manipulation of the gate-drive resistance at sub-nanosecond resolutions can profile gate waveforms of the GaN FET, thereby beneficially shaping the switch-node voltage waveform in the power circuit. Examples of open-loop active gate driving are demonstrated that maintain the low switching loss of constant-strength gate driving, while reducing overshoot, oscillation, and EMI-generating high-frequency spectral content.
Lattice-mismatched GaAsP Solar Cells Grown on Silicon by OMVPE

We report on lattice-mismatched GaAs<sub>0.7</sub>P<sub>0.3</sub> solar cells grown on silicon substrates. This composition of GaAs<sub>0.7</sub>P<sub>0.3</sub> has a band gap of about 1.7 eV and is well suited as the top junction of a III-V/Si two-junction tandem solar cell. Using a thin, high-quality GaP nucleation layer, a lattice-matched GaN<sub>0.02</sub>P<sub>0.98</sub> buffer layer, and a compositionally graded GaAs<sub>x</sub>P<sub>1-x</sub> buffer layer, the threading dislocation densities was reduced to less than 10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>-2 </sup> in the active region. The efficiencies of these single-junction cells without any antireflection coatings were as high has 9.8% under the AM1.5G spectrum. The quality of these solar cells based on V<sub>oc </sub> is comparable to the best III-V solar cells ever grown on Si substrates with a III-V buffer
Detection and localization of persons behind obstacles using M-sequence through-the-wall radar

and is made available as an electronic reprint (preprint) with permission of SPIE. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. ABSTRACT We describe the architecture and design of a through-the-wall radar. The radar is applied for the detection and localization of people hidden behind obstacles. It implements a new adaptive processing technique for people detection, which is introduced in this article. This processing technique is based on exponential averaging with adopted weighting coefficients. Through-the-wall detection and localization of a moving person is demonstrated by a measurement example. The localization relies on the time-of-flight approach.
Continuous N-gram Representations for Authorship Attribution

This paper presents work on using continuous representations for authorship attribution. In contrast to previous work, which uses discrete feature representations, our model learns continuous representations for n-gram features via a neural network jointly with the classification layer. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art on two datasets, while producing comparable results on the remaining two.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia. 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
The initial phase of a trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for acutely ill patients with schizophrenia of recent onset showed that it speeded recovery.


AIMS
To test the hypothesis that CBT in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) during the first or second acute episode of schizophrenia will confer clinical benefit over a follow-up period.


METHOD
This was an 18-month follow-up of a multicentre prospective trial of CBT or supportive counselling administered as an adjunct to TAU, compared with TAU alone, for patients hospitalised for an acute episode of schizophrenia of recent onset. Primary outcomes were total and positive symptom scales, time to relapse and re-hospitalisation.


RESULTS
There were significant advantages for CBT and supportive counselling over TAU alone on symptom measures at 18 months but no group difference was seen for relapse or re-hospitalisation. There was a significant centre-treatment interaction, reflecting centre differences in the effect of introducing either treatment, but not in the comparison of CBT and supportive counselling. Medication dosage and compliance did not explain group differences.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive psychological treatments can have a beneficial long-term effect on symptom reduction.
Qualitative versus Quantitative Methods: Understanding Why Qualitative Methods are Superior for Criminology and Criminal Justice

The development of knowledge is important for criminology and criminal justice. Two predominant types of methods are available for criminologists’ to use--quantitative and qualitative methods. The value, appropriateness and necessity of using qualitative methods is discussed. Because of the unique contributions – depth of understandings being primary -that qualitative methods can provide it is argued that such approaches should be used more frequently, be more frequently and strongly valued and seen as unique, often superior approaches to the creation of criminological and criminal justice knowledge. Qualitative research, one of the two primary approaches to the conduct of social science research, is a superior means for conducting meaningful research in criminology and criminal justice. The numerous advantages of qualitative methods provide a depth of understanding of crime, criminals and justice system operations and processing that far exceeds that offered by detached, statistical analyses. Because of the differences in the data, how data is collected and analyzed, and what the data and analyses are able to tell us about our subjects of study, the knowledge gained through qualitative investigations is more informative, richer and offers enhanced understandings compared to that which can be obtained via quantitative research. The superiority of qualitative research arises from the core differences in what qualitative and quantitative research are, and what they are able to contribute to bodies of knowledge. At the core, qualitative research focuses on the meanings, traits and defining characteristics of
ANEMA: Autonomic network management architecture to support self-configuration and self-optimization in IP networks

The increasing scale, technology advances and services of modern networks have dramatically complicated their management such that in the near future it will be almost impossible for human administrators to monitor them. To control this complexity, IBM has introduced a promising approach aiming to create self-managed systems. This approach, called Autonomic Computing, aims to design computing equipment able to self-adapt its configuration and to self-optimize its performance depending on its situation in order to fulfill high-level objectives defined by the human operator. In this paper, we present our autonomic network management architecture (ANEMA) that implements several policy forms to achieve autonomic behaviors in the network equipments. In ANEMA, the high-level objectives of the human administrators and the users are captured and expressed in terms of ‘Utility Function’ policies. The ‘Goal’ policies describe the high-level management directives needed to guide the network to achieve the previous utility functions. Finally, the ‘behavioral’ policies describe the behaviors that should be followed by network equipments to react to changes in their context and to achieve the given ‘Goal’ policies. In order to highlight the benefits of ANEMA architecture and the continuum of policies to introduce autonomic management in a multiservice IP network, a testbed has been implemented and several scenarios have been executed. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Promises and pitfalls of architectural strategy in the printer industry

Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as soon as possible. Abstract The xerographic printing and copying industry has become extremely competitive. Xerox market share has gradually declined since the 1960s as the market share of corporations like Canon, Hewlett Packard and Ricoh has increased. In response to rising competition, various product architecture strategies are heralded as the means to gaining, or regaining, competitive advantage in this environment. Among the most popular of these strategies are platobrm strategy, product families andparts commonality, and outsourcing. The objective of this thesis is not to dispute the value of these strategies in the present context. Obviously, platform strategies and parts reuse enable firms to develop products faster and with less cost by leveraging previous investments. Likewise, in order to remain competitive in this environment, a firm can no longer afford to vertically integrate its products-clearly, firms can no longer afford to do everything themselves. Horizontal integration through outsourcing, or what Xerox calls extended enterprise, is therefore one source of competitive advantage. Platform strategy, parts reuse, and extended enterprise all make good sense but each of these strategies can easily backfire. In this paper we will examine these strategies and see how they relate to central themes in product architecture, such as, architectural modularity. Then we shall see how these strategies can, if not applied carefully, cause more problems than they attempt to resolve. Finally, in light of these problems, revised and more robust versions of these strategies are presented.
Household Portfolio Diversification †

Despite the benefits of portfolio diversification, many households in the US are not well diversified. The breadth and significance of the lack of diversification is documented anew in this paper using the Survey of Consumer Finances data. A large fraction of stockholders keep a non-negligible share of their total financial resources in undiversified portfolios of individual stocks and often hold such portfolios jointly with well diversified funds. Investments in current or former employer’s stock in retirement plans can only partially account for these findings. I also investigate if the observed lack of portfolio diversification is quantitatively consistent with varying risk attitude of preferences documented in the experimental choice studies. Particularly, I examine portfolio allocation of an investor described by the cumulative prospect theory and find the optimal portfolio to be undiversified. High idiosyncratic returns of individual stocks are attractive to the investor with varying risk attitude, but inaccessible in a well diversified portfolio. Thus, the theory suggests that investors may tilt their portfolios towards undiversified equity component in attempt to capture large but unlikely gains. Household portfolio diversification 1
Tiled directional flow

For a real-time visualization of one of the Dutch harbors we needed a realistic looking water surface. The old shader showed the same waves everywhere, but inside a harbor waves have many different directions and sizes. To solve this problem we needed a shader capable of visualizing flow. We developed a new algorithm called Tiled Directional Flow which has several advantages over other implementations.
User experience evaluation: do you know which method to use?

High quality user experience (UX) has become a central competitive factor of product development in mature consumer markets. Although the term UX is widely used, the methods and tools for evaluating UX are still inadequate. This SIG session collects information and experiences about UX evaluation methods used in both academia and industry, discusses the pros and cons of each method, and ideates on how to improve the methods.
Surprisingly Easy Hard-Attention for Sequence to Sequence Learning

In this paper we show that a simple beam approximation of the joint distribution between attention and output is an easy, accurate, and efficient attention mechanism for sequence to sequence learning. The method combines the advantage of sharp focus in hard attention and the implementation ease of soft attention. On five translation and two morphological inflection tasks we show effortless and consistent gains in BLEU compared to existing attention mechanisms.
Safety and Feasibility of using the EksoTM Bionic Exoskeleton to Aid Ambulation after Spinal Cord Injury

The sudden inability to walk is one of the most glaring impairments following spinal cord injury (SCI). Regardless of time since injury, recovery of walking has been found to be one of the top priorities for those with SCI as well as their rehabilitation professionals [1]. Despite clinical management and promising basic science research advances, a recent multicenter prospective study revealed that 59% of those with SCI are unable to ambulate without assistance from others at one year following injury [2]. The worldwide incidence of SCI is between 10.4-83 per million [3], and there are approximately 265,000 persons with SCI living in the United States [4]. Thus, there is a tremendous consumer demand to improve ambulation outcomes following SCI.
Obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. Control of pharyngeal patency is a complex process relating primarily to basic anatomy and the activity of many pharyngeal dilator muscles. The control of these muscles is regulated by a number of processes including respiratory drive, negative pressure reflexes, and state (sleep) effects. In general, patients with OSA have an anatomically small airway the patency of which is maintained during wakefulness by reflex-driven augmented dilator muscle activation. At sleep onset, muscle activity falls, thereby compromising the upper airway. However, recent data suggest that the mechanism of OSA differs substantially among patients, with variable contributions from several physiologic characteristics including, among others: level of upper airway dilator muscle activation required to open the airway, increase in chemical drive required to recruit the pharyngeal muscles, chemical control loop gain, and arousal threshold. Thus, the cause of sleep apnea likely varies substantially between patients. Other physiologic mechanisms likely contributing to OSA pathogenesis include falling lung volume during sleep, shifts in blood volume from peripheral tissues to the neck, and airway edema. Apnea severity may progress over time, likely due to weight gain, muscle/nerve injury, aging effects on airway anatomy/collapsibility, and changes in ventilatory control stability.
Association between defense mechanisms and psychiatric symptoms in North Korean Refugees.

OBJECTIVE
Defense mechanism may contribute to psychiatric symptoms. Refugees are vulnerable to various psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, somatization, and those associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), due to their traumatic or stressful experiences. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of each defense mechanism in the occurrence of specific psychiatric symptoms in North Korean refugees.


METHOD
Among 213 North Korean refugees initially recruited, 201 completed the following questionnaires: the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), the somatization subscale of Symptom Check-List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the defense mechanisms more predominantly associated with specific psychiatric symptoms after controlling for age, sex, number of traumatic experiences, and other psychiatric symptoms (depressive symptoms and/or anxiety).


RESULTS
Higher levels of depression were independently predicted by greater use of resignation. More use of acting out and less use of humor and sublimation independently predicted higher levels of anxiety. Somatization was independently predicted by more use of inhibition. PTSD symptoms were independently predicted by more use of undoing and isolation.


CONCLUSIONS
Specific psychiatric symptoms were associated with specific defense mechanisms in North Korean refugees. Our findings suggest that the manifest psychiatric symptoms of refugees may be mediated by their dominant defense mechanism.
Applying text-mining to personalization and customization research literature - Who, what and where?

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.042 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 40 5301032; fax E-mail addresses: anne.sunikka@aalto.fi (A. Sunik (J. Bragge). 1 Present address: Aalto University IT, PO Box 1110, +358 50 5752989; fax: +358 9 464788. Personalization and customization have numerous definitions that are sometimes used interchangeably in the literature. This study combines a text-mining approach for profiling personalization and customization research with a traditional literature review in order to distinguish the main characteristics of these two research streams. Research profiling with search words personalization and customization is conducted using the Web of Science literature database. The elements typical to the personalization and customization research are identified. Personalization research has a strong focus on technology and the internet; in addition to which it emphasizes customers’ needs and preferences as well as information collection for user modeling and recommender systems. Customization is an older research stream, and the main body of the research has focused on tangible products but has lately initiated research in service fields. Based on the insights gained from research profiling and literature review, this study suggests a new classification of concepts linked to personalization. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.