LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
“Combat Cloud-Fog” Network Architecture for Internet of Battlefield Things and Load Balancing Technology

Recently, the armed forces want to bring the Internet of Things technology to improve the effectiveness of military operations in battlefield. So the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) has entered our view. And due to the high processing latency and low reliability of the “combat cloud” network for IoBT in the battlefield environment, in this paper , a novel “combat cloud-fog” network architecture for IoBT is proposed. The novel architecture adds a fog computing layer which consists of edge network equipment close to the users in the “combat-cloud” network to reduce latency and enhance reliability. Meanwhile, since the computing capability of the fog equipment are weak, it is necessary to implement distributed computing in the “combat cloud-fog” architecture. Therefore, the distributed computing load balancing problem of the fog computing layer is researched. Moreover, a distributed generalized diffusion strategy is proposed to decrease latency and enhance the stability and survivability of the “combat cloud-fog” network system. The simulation result indicates that the load balancing strategy based on generalized diffusion algorithm could decrease the task response latency and support the efficient processing of battlefield information effectively, which is suitable for the “combat cloud- fog” network architecture.
An Experimental Ad-Hoc WSN for the Instrumentation of Biological Models

Biological research in agriculture requires a wide range of electronic sensors to fulfill different goals, such as climate monitoring, soil and fruit assessment, control of insects and diseases, chemical pollutants, identification and control of weeds, crop tracking, and so on. This research must be supported by consistent biological models able to simulate diverse environmental conditions to advice on the needed human actions before risky biological damage could become irreversible. In this paper, an experimental agrometeorological sensor-based wireless distributed network is described. Its purpose is to provide real measurements to validate the different biological models used for viticulture applications.
Indoor particulate matter in developing countries: a case study in Pakistan and potential intervention strategies

Around three billion people, largely in low and middle income countries, rely on biomass fuels for their household energy needs. The combustion of these fuels generates a range of hazardous indoor air pollutants and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Worldwide, it is responsible for four million deaths. A reduction in indoor smoke can have a significant impact on lives and can help achieve many of the Millennium Developments Goals. This letter presents details of a seasonal variation in particulate matter (PM) concentrations in kitchens using biomass fuels as a result of relocating the cooking space. During the summer, kitchens were moved outdoors and as a result the 24 h average PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 fell by 35%, 22% and 24% respectively. However, background concentrations of PM10 within the village increased by 62%. In locations where natural gas was the dominant fuel, the PM concentrations within the kitchen as well as outdoors were considerably lower than those in locations using biomass. These results highlights the importance of ventilation and fuel type for PM levels and suggest that an improved design of cooking spaces would result in enhanced indoor air quality.
Spatial-temporal algorithm for moving objects detection in infrared video sequences

Performance of moving objects detection algorithm based on spatiotemporal blocks on infrared videos is discussed. The algorithm decomposes spatiotemporal blocks using dimensionality reduction technique to obtain a compact vector representation of each block and to suppress the influence of noise. The proposed method is evaluated on monochrome and multispectral DR videos.
Event Detection and Retrieval on Social Media

In the recent years, we have witnessed the rapid adoption of social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, and their use as part of the everyday life of billions of people worldwide. Given the habit of people to use these platforms to share thoughts, daily activities and experiences it is not surprising that the amount of user generated content has reached unprecedented levels, with a substantial part of that content being related to real-world events, i.e. actions or occurrences taking place at a certain time and location. Figure 1 illustrates three main categories of events along with characteristic photos from Flickr for each of them: a) news-related events, e.g. demonstrations, riots, public speeches, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, b) entertainment events, e.g. sports, music, live shows, exhibitions, festivals, and c) personal events, e.g. wedding, birthday, graduation ceremonies, vacations, and going out. Depending on the event, different types of multimedia and social media platform are more popular. For instance, news-related events are extensively published in the form of text updates, images and videos on Twitter and YouTube, entertainment and social events are often captured in the form of images and videos and shared on Flickr and YouTube, while personal events are mostly represented by images that are shared on Facebook and Instagram. Given the key role of events in our life, the task of annotating and organizing social media content around them is of crucial importance for ensuring real-time and future access to multimedia content about an event of interest. However, the vast amount of noisy and non-informative social media posts, in conjunction with their large scale, makes that task very challenging. For instance, in the case of popular events that are covered live on Twitter, there are often millions of posts referring to a single event, as in the case of the World Cup Final 2014 between Brazil and Germany, which produced approximately 32.1 million tweets with a rate of 618,725 tweets per minute. Processing, aggregating and selecting the most informative, entertaining and representative tweets among such a large dataset is a very challenging multimedia retrieval problem. In other
Potential of radar for static object classification using deep learning methods

A semantic representation of the environment is extremely beneficial in enabling autonomous driving. The objects in the vehicle's surroundings must be recognized and assigned to a proper class. Redundancy is often required for safety-relevant application. This cannot be provided by a single sensor system. This study now demonstrates the potential of radar-based object recognition using deep learning methods.
Validation of initial serum creatinine as a predictive factor for development of end stage renal disease in posterior urethral valves.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the value of initial serum creatinine in prediction of End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children with posterior urethral valves PUV.


METHODS
In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with PUV admitted in Aliasghar Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 1991 through 2001 were studied. Based on the development of ESRD (need for dialysis) they were classified in two groups and their demographics, initial presentations, laboratory data, imaging findings and outcomes were reviewed and compared.


RESULTS
Thirty six male patients with PUV, treated with valve ablation (13), vesicostomy (13), or high ureterostomy (10) were followed for developing ESRD. Sixteen of the 36 patients developed ESRD at their last follow-up. There was no significant difference in age at initial presentation, presence of urinary tract infections, incidence of vesicoureteral reflux, renal dysplasia or type of primary surgical intervention between the patients with or without ESRD. Patients who progressed to ESRD had serum creatinine concentration > 1.0 mg/dl at diagnosis as compared to those without ESRD (P = 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Initial serum creatinine is a valuable factor for prediction of renal outcome in patients with PUV.
Determinants of handwashing practices in Kenya: the role of media exposure, poverty and infrastructure.

BACKGROUND
To explore how structural constraints such as lack of reliable water supply, sanitation, educational and other socio-economic factors limit the adoption of better hygiene.


METHODS
In preparation for the Kenya National Handwashing Campaign, we conducted a nationwide cross sectional survey in 800 households with two components: (i) direct structured observation of hygiene practices at key junctures (food handling, cleaning a child after defaecation, toilet use), followed by (ii) a structured interview addressing potential socio-economic, water access and behavioural determinants of handwashing.


RESULTS
We observed a total of 5182 critical opportunities for handwashing, and handwashing with soap at 25% of these. Handwashing with soap was more often practised after faecal contact (32%) than in connection with food handling (15%). In univariate and multivariate analysis, water access, level of education, media exposure and media ownership were associated with handwashing with soap. Only households with very poor access to water and sanitation, and with the lowest levels of education and media exposure, washed their hands markedly less than the majority of the households.


CONCLUSION
The results underscore that structural constraints can limit hygiene practices in the very disadvantaged sections of a population, thus jeopardizing the potential success of hygiene promotion campaigns in those most at risk of disease. Nevertheless, the strong association of handwashing with media ownership and exposure supports the view that mass media can play a role in hygiene promotion.
Prospective, randomized study of coil embolization versus Surefire infusion system during yttrium-90 radioembolization with resin microspheres.

PURPOSE
To compare standard coil embolization versus the use of an antireflux microcatheter (ARM) in patients undergoing planning angiography before selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective, single-center trial was performed in which 30 patients were randomly assigned to undergo SIRT with coil embolization or the use of an ARM. The coil group underwent detachable coil embolization of nontarget vessels, and the ARM group underwent infusion of macroaggregated albumin with use of an ARM system, without coil embolization. Single-photon emission computed tomography (CT)/CT was then performed to assess for nontarget distribution. The primary endpoint was fluoroscopy time during planning angiography. Secondary endpoints included deployment time, total procedure time, radiation dose-area product, contrast agent used, and adverse events. Endpoints were evaluated during planning angiography and SIRT.


RESULTS
Over a 9-month period, 30 consecutive patients were randomized at a 1:1 ratio between coil embolization and ARM groups. Technical success rates were 100% in both groups. Mean fluoroscopy time was significantly reduced in the ARM group versus the coil embolization group (1.8 min [range, 0.4-4.9 min] vs 6.0 min [range, 1.9-15.7 min]; P = .002). The planning procedure time (P < .001), deployment time (P < .001), dose-area product (P = .04), and amount of contrast agent used (P < .001) were also significantly less in the ARM group than in the coil embolization group. No nontarget distribution was detected in either group. There was no difference between groups in dose delivered on the day of SIRT (P = .71). There were no major or minor adverse events at 30 days.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of an ARM during planning angiography can significantly reduce fluoroscopy time, procedure time, and radiation dose.
Inverse Toeplitz preconditioners for ill-posed problems

It has been shown recently that iterative regularization using conjugate gradient type methods for image restoration problems can be eeectively preconditioned with cir-culant approximations. Here it is shown that the theoretical properties of this approach are not restricted to circulant matrices. Speciically, a Toeplitz approximate inverse preconditioning scheme for discrete ill-posed problems is considered. It is proved that the preconditioned system approximates the prolate matrix, and that this property implies that fast convergence of conjugate gradient type methods can be expected. In addition, it is shown that these results can be generalized to two-dimensional problems. An image restoration application is used to demonstrate the properties of the preconditioner.
A General Scheme for Extracting QR Code from a Non-uniform Background in Camera Phones and Applications

With the rapid advances in mobile communication technologies, QR code in the embedded camera devices has been used as new input interfaces. However, the previous works for extracting QR code from an image do not consider a non-uniform background. In this paper, we implement the applications of QR code and propose an efficient algorithm to extract QR code from the non-uniform background. In contrast with prior works, our approach is of higher accuracy for QR-code recognition and more practical for use in a mobile information environment.
Usability Measurement : A Roadmap for a Consolidated Model

Usability is increasingly recognized as an important quality factor for interactive software systems, including traditional GUIs-style applications, Web sites, and the large variety of mobile and PDA interactive services. Unusable user interfaces are probably the single largest reasons why encompassing interactive systems – computers plus people, fail in actual use. The design of this diversity of applications so that they actually achieve their intended purposes in term of ease of use is not an easy task. Although there are many individual methods for evaluating usability; they are not well integrated into a single conceptual framework that facilitate their usage by developers who are not trained in the filed of HCI. This is true in part because there are now several different standards (e.g., ISO 9241, ISO/IEC 9126, IEEE Std.610.12) or conceptual models (e.g., Metrics for Usability Standards in Computing [MUSiC]) for usability, and not all of these standards or models describe the same operational definitions and measures. This paper first reviews existing usability standards and models while highlighted the limitations and complementarities of the various standards. It then explains how these various models can be unified into a single consolidated, hierarchical model of usability measurement. This consolidated model is called Quality in Use Integrated Measurement (QUIM). Included in the QUIM model are 10 factors each of which corresponds to a specific facet of usability that is identified in an existing standard or model. These 10 factors are decomposed into a total of 26 sub-factors or measurable criteria that are further decomposed into 127 specific metrics. The paper explains also how a consolidated model, such as QUIM, can help in developing a usability measurement theory.
Fast Chirplet Transform feeding CNN, application to orca and bird bioacoustics

Advanced soundscape analysis or machine listening are requiring efficient time frequency decompositions. The recent scattering theory is offering a robust hierarchical convolutional decomposition, nevertheless its kernels need to be fixed. The CNN can be seen as the optimal kernel decomposition, nevertheless it requires large amount of training data. This paper aims to show that Chirplet kernels are providing good constant Q time-frequency representation which yields to a better CNN classification than usual log-Fourier representation. We first recall the main advantages of the Chirplet concerning bioinspired auditory processing. Then the contributions of this paper are (1) to give a new fast implementation of the Chirplet by decreasing its complexity. (2) We validate fast Chirplet computation on nearly real-time over long series of orca online monitoring recordings, and on bird songs on hundreds of birds species. (3) We demonstrate that the Chirplet is improving convolutional neural net classification on complex overlapping bird calls challenge compared to usual Mel representation. Validations are conducted on a subset of the Amazon bird species of the LifeClef 2016 classification challenge.
Numerical simulation of wind effects : a probabilistic perspective

Numerical simulations of wind loads and their effects are critical in the design of structures to ensure their safety under winds. The simulations range from generation of time histories of wind velocity, pressure and force fluctuations to structural response and assessment of attendant functionality and safety under service and design loads, respectively. Typically these schemes employ Monte Carlo-based approaches that encompass model-based simulations or information derived from observed data. The scope of simulations spans uni-variate to multi-variate processes; unidimensional to multi-dimensional fields; Gaussian to non-Gaussian; stationary to non-stationary; conditional and unconditional cases. In order to accomplish these tasks, methods based on the time, frequency, or time–frequency domains are employed. This paper summarizes a historical perspective, recent developments and future challenges. Also included in the discussion are computational tools employed for data analysis, response analysis and its management, and prediction. Examples are presented to illustrate some of the topics discussed. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of acupuncture on patients with insomnia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Hypnotic drugs tend to be the dominant form of treatment of insomnia, but these come with a number of reported side effects. Acupuncture has been studied as an alternative, resulting in a rising need for methodological research towards verifying its efficacy as insomnia treatment.


METHODS/DESIGN
We describe a proposal for a single-center, patient-assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms. A total of 38 patients complete screening tests at the first visit, are registered into the clinical trial, and then randomly assigned to the experimental or sham control groups (19 patients for each group). All subjects are clinical insomnia patients who score a 6 or above on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and meet all inclusion criteria. All subjects are treated with acupuncture and intradermal acupuncture (IDA) three times during the first week. Five sham acupoints are used in the control group. In the experimental group, five real acupoints (PC6, SP6, HT7, KI6, and BL62) are used unilaterally in turn. Sham acupoints are over 1 cm away from each real acupoint.The primary outcomes are the scores on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and PSQI. Secondary outcomes are the sleep log, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), the Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT), the Digit Span Test (DS), Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and heart rate variability (HRV) to assess emotional states, sleep quality, cognitive functioning, and electro-physiological changes.Subjects are assessed at three time points: baseline, post-treatment and follow-up. The duration of the clinical trial is 18 days.


DISCUSSION
To study the enhancement of the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia, we test the intradermal acupuncture method, which is performed continuously on the subject's skin and stimulated at home by the subject every night. In the trial, objective measurements including ERPs and HRV are used to evaluate states of cognition and autonomic nervous system functioning and subjective self-report questionnaires assess insomnia symptoms.'Sham' acupuncture points provided by STRICTA are used for the control group.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01956760, registered 5 September 2013.
Integrated livestock-fish farming systems Integrated livestock-fish farming systems

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. iii Preface Small farmers in developing countries are poorer than the rest of the population, often not getting enough food to lead normal, healthy and active lives. Dealing with poverty and hunger in much of the world therefore means confronting the problems that small farmers and their families face in their daily struggle for survival. One option for economically and ecologically sustainable development of farming systems is the integration of agriculture and aquaculture. The various types of aquaculture form a critical component within agricultural and farming systems development that can contribute to the alleviation of food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty through the provision of food of high nutritional value, income and employment generation, decreased risk of production, improved access to water, sustainable resource management and increased farm sustainability. Livestock production and processing generate by-products that may be important inputs for aquaculture. The main linkages between livestock and fish production involve the direct use of livestock wastes, as well as the recycling of manure-based nutrients which function as fertilizers to stimulate natural food webs. On a global basis, most cultured freshwater fish are produced in Asia in semi-intensive systems that depend on livestock wastes purposely used in ponds, or draining into them. Much of the vast increase in China's recent inland aquaculture production is linked to organic fertilization, provided by the equally dramatic growth of poultry and pig production. The use of livestock wastes is still needed, even when high-quality supplementary feeds are available and they are still widely used in more intensive aquaculture systems. The objective of the publication is to provide an analysis of the evolution and current status of integrated livestock-fish systems in Asia, particularly East and Southeast Asia, as well …