LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Using cognitive artifacts to understand distributed cognition

Studies of patient safety have identified gaps in current work including the need for research about communication and information sharing among healthcare providers. They have also encouraged the use of decision support tools to improve human performance. Distributed cognition is the shared awareness of goals, plans, and details that no single individual grasps. Cognitive artifacts are objects such as: schedules, display boards, lists, and worksheets that form part of a distributed cognition. Cognitive artifacts that are related to operating room (OR) scheduling include: the availabilities sheet, master schedule, OR graph, and OR board. All provide a "way in" to understand how teams in the acute care setting dynamically plan and manage the balance between demand for care and the resources available to provide it. This work has import for the way that information technology supports the organization, management, and use of healthcare resources. Better computer-supported cognitive artifacts will benefit patient safety by making teamwork processes, planning, communications, and resource management more resilient.
Euler number of the compactified Jacobian and multiplicity of rational curves

In this paper we show that the Euler number of the compactified Jacobian of a rational curve C with locally planar singularities is equal to the multiplicity of the δ-constant stratum in the base of a semi-universal deformation of C. In particular, the multiplicity assigned by Yau, Zaslow and Beauville to a rational curve on a K3 surface S coincides with the multiplicity of the normalisation map in the moduli space of stable maps to S. Introduction Let C be a reduced and irreducible projective curve with singular set Σ ⊂ C and let n : C̃ −→ C be its normalisation. The generalised Jacobian JC of C is an extension of JC̃ by an affine commutative group of dimension δ := dimH0(n∗(OC̃)/OC) = ∑
Zonisamide monotherapy in a multi-group clinic

OBJECTIVE
Reports on zonisamide monotherapy are limited despite favourable preliminary data, and typically restricted to tertiary referral centres. The goal of this study is to report clinical experience with zonisamide monotherapy in a large, multi-group clinic setting.


METHODS
We reviewed the charts of patients treated with zonisamide monotherapy in the Neurology Department of the Kelsey-Seybold Clinic (Houston, Texas) during an 18-month period. We analysed subgroups of patients who were naive to antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy (Group 1) and those who had previous exposure to AEDs (Group 2).


RESULTS
The study included 54 paediatric and adult patients with a variety of seizure types: 15 patients in Group 1 and 39 patients in Group 2. Mean maintenance zonisamide dosages in the two groups were similar (193 mg/day in Group 1 vs. 218 mg/day in Group 2). Thirty-eight patients (70.4%) continued zonisamide monotherapy, with 7 patients (13.0%) adding a second AED and 9 patients (16.7%) switching to a different drug. Of the 24 patients who became seizure free on zonisamide monotherapy, 11 were on the 100-mg initial dosage. Zonisamide monotherapy was well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
Zonisamide monotherapy is safe and effective for a variety of seizure types and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in some cases.
Automated Diagnosis of Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

Importance
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. The decision to treat is primarily based on the presence of plus disease, defined as dilation and tortuosity of retinal vessels. However, clinical diagnosis of plus disease is highly subjective and variable.


Objective
To implement and validate an algorithm based on deep learning to automatically diagnose plus disease from retinal photographs.


Design, Setting, and Participants
A deep convolutional neural network was trained using a data set of 5511 retinal photographs. Each image was previously assigned a reference standard diagnosis (RSD) based on consensus of image grading by 3 experts and clinical diagnosis by 1 expert (ie, normal, pre-plus disease, or plus disease). The algorithm was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation and tested on an independent set of 100 images. Images were collected from 8 academic institutions participating in the Imaging and Informatics in ROP (i-ROP) cohort study. The deep learning algorithm was tested against 8 ROP experts, each of whom had more than 10 years of clinical experience and more than 5 peer-reviewed publications about ROP. Data were collected from July 2011 to December 2016. Data were analyzed from December 2016 to September 2017.


Exposures
A deep learning algorithm trained on retinal photographs.


Main Outcomes and Measures
Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate performance of the algorithm against the RSD. Quadratic-weighted κ coefficients were calculated for ternary classification (ie, normal, pre-plus disease, and plus disease) to measure agreement with the RSD and 8 independent experts.


Results
Of the 5511 included retinal photographs, 4535 (82.3%) were graded as normal, 805 (14.6%) as pre-plus disease, and 172 (3.1%) as plus disease, based on the RSD. Mean (SD) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistics were 0.94 (0.01) for the diagnosis of normal (vs pre-plus disease or plus disease) and 0.98 (0.01) for the diagnosis of plus disease (vs normal or pre-plus disease). For diagnosis of plus disease in an independent test set of 100 retinal images, the algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 93% with 94% specificity. For detection of pre-plus disease or worse, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 94%, respectively. On the same test set, the algorithm achieved a quadratic-weighted κ coefficient of 0.92 compared with the RSD, outperforming 6 of 8 ROP experts.


Conclusions and Relevance
This fully automated algorithm diagnosed plus disease in ROP with comparable or better accuracy than human experts. This has potential applications in disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis in infants at risk of ROP.
QFN challenges: Second bond improvement to eliminate the weak stitch (fish tail) failure mechanism on pre plated lead frame

Most of the device's technology has been moving towards the complex and produce of Nano-IC with demands for cheaper cost, smaller size and better thermal and electrical performance. One of the marketable packages is Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) package. Due to the high demand of miniaturization of electronic products, QFN development becomes more promising, such as the lead frame design with half edge, cheaper tape, shrinkage of package size as to achieve more units per lead frame (cost saving) and etc [1]. The improvement methods in the lead frame design, such as lead frame metal tie bar and half edge features are always the main challenges for QFN package. With reduced the size of metal tie bar, it will fasten the package singulation process, whereas the half edge is designed for the mold compound locking for delamination reduction purpose. This paper specifically will discuss how the critical wire bonding parameters, capillary design and environmental conditions interact each other result to the unstable leads (second bond failures). During the initial evaluation of new package SOT1261 with rough PPF lead frame, several short tails and fish tails observed on wedge bond when applied with the current parameter setting which have been qualified in other packages with same wire size (18um Au wire). These problems did not surface out in earlier qualified devices mainly due to the second bond parameter robustness, capillary designs, lead frame design changes, different die packages, lead frame batches and contamination levels. One of the main root cause been studied is the second bond parameter setting which is not robust enough for the flimsy lead frame. The new bonding methodology, with the concept of low base ultrasonic and high force setting applied together with scrubbing mechanism to eliminate the fish tail bond and also reduce short tail occurrence on wedge. Wire bond parameters optimized to achieve zero fish tail, and wedge pull reading with >4.0gf. Destructive test such as wedge pull test used to test the bonding quality. Failure modes are analyzed using high power optical scope microscope and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). By looking through into all possible root causes, and identifying how the factors are interacting, some efforts on the Design of Experiments (DOE) are carried out and good solutions were implemented.
Evolutionary Design of Gate-Level Polymorphic Digital Circuits

A method for the evolutionary design of polymorphic digital combinational circuits is proposed. These circuits are able to perform different functions (e.g. to switch between the adder and multiplier) only as a consequence of the change of a sensitive variable, which can be a power supply voltage, temperature etc. However, multiplexing of standard solutions is not utilized. The evolved circuits exhibit a unique structure composed of multifunctional polymorphic gates considered as building blocks instead. In many cases the area-efficient solutions were discovered for typical tasks of the digital design. We demonstrated that it is useful to combine polymorphic gates and conventional gates in order to obtain the required functionality.
Validation of Expression Patterns for Nine miRNAs in 204 Lymph-Node Negative Breast Cancers

INTRODUCTION
Although lymph node negative (LN-) breast cancer patients have a good 10-years survival (∼85%), most of them still receive adjuvant therapy, while only some benefit from this. More accurate prognostication of LN- breast cancer patient may reduce over- and under-treatment. Until now proliferation is the strongest prognostic factor for LN- breast cancer patients. The small molecule microRNA (miRNA) has opened a new window for prognostic markers, therapeutic targets and/or therapeutic components. Previously it has been shown that miR-18a/b, miR-25, miR-29c and miR-106b correlate to high proliferation.


METHODS
The current study validates nine miRNAs (miR-18a/b miR-25, miR-29c, miR-106b, miR375, miR-424, miR-505 and let-7b) significantly correlated with established prognostic breast cancer biomarkers. Total RNA was isolated from 204 formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) LN- breast cancers and analyzed with quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Independent T-test was used to detect significant correlation between miRNA expression level and the different clinicopathological features for breast cancer.


RESULTS
Strong and significant associations were observed for high expression of miR-18a/b, miR-106b, miR-25 and miR-505 to high proliferation, oestrogen receptor negativity and cytokeratin 5/6 positivity. High expression of let-7b, miR-29c and miR-375 was detected in more differentiated tumours. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high miR-106b expression had an 81% survival rate vs. 95% (P = 0.004) for patients with low expression.


CONCLUSION
High expression of miR-18a/b are strongly associated with basal-like breast cancer features, while miR-106b can identify a group with higher risk for developing distant metastases in the subgroup of Her2 negatives. Furthermore miR-106b can identify a group of patients with 100% survival within the otherwise considered high risk group of patients with high proliferation. Using miR-106b as a biomarker in conjunction to mitotic activity index could thereby possibly save 18% of the patients with high proliferation from overtreatment.
A heuristic improvement of the Bellman-Ford algorithm

We describe a new shortest paths algorithm. Our algorithm achieves the same O(nm) worst-case time bound as Bellman-Ford algorithm but is superior in practice. 1. Introduction The Bellman-Ford algorithm 1, 4, 7] is a classical algorithm for the single-source shortest paths problem. The algorithm runs in O(nm) time on a graph with n nodes and m arcs. This is the best currently known strongly polynomial bound for the problem (see 6] for the best weakly polynomial bound). In practice, however, the Bellman-Ford algorithm is usually outperformed by the deque algorithm of D'Escopo-Pape 9] and by the two-queue algorithm of Pallottino 8]. The work-case time bounds for these algorithms, however, are worse than those for the Bellman-Ford algorithm. The deque algorithm may take exponential time in the worst case 10] and the two-queue algorithm may take (n 2 m) time. We propose a new topological-scan algorithm for the shortest paths problem. The algorithm combines, in a natural way, the ideas of the Bellman-Ford algorithm with those for nding
Influence of water on the circulation of the West Nile Virus in horses in Southern France

Background West Nile Virus (WNV) affects humans and horses, potentially causing severe neurological manifestations. Recent outbreaks of West Nile fever in horses were reported in Camargue (2000, 2004), Var (2003) and Pyrénées Orientales (2006). The circulation of this virus is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. This study aimed at explaining the circulation of WNV in horses by quantifying water bodies around equine stables using Landsat images.
Patients Online Registration System : Feasibility and Perceptions

Aim: This study attempts to measure patient and Registration and Admission (R&A) staff satisfaction levels towards the Traditional Queuing Method (TQM) in comparison with a proposed Online Registration System (ORS). This study also investigates patients’ perceptions of the ORS and the feasibility and acceptance of the R&A staff in a healthcare organization. Materials and Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was used to distribute 385 questionnaires among outpatients registration area to gather indicating information and perspectives. Additionally, eleven face-to-face semi-structured interviews with front line hospital workers in the R&A department were conducted using a thematic content analysis approach to analyze the contents and produce results. In order for the researcher to have a direct understanding of the registration processes and activities and to gain a better understanding of the patients’ behaviors and attitudes toward them; a non-participant observation approach was conducted where observational encounters’ notes were taken and then analyzed. Results: It was found that most outpatient population (patients and registration staff) prefer ORS for a range of reasons including time consumption, cost benefit, patient comfort, data sensitivity, effortless, easiness, accuracy, and less errors. On the other hand, around 10% of them chose to go on with the TQM. Their reasons ranged from the unavailability of computer devices or internet connections to their educational backgrounds or physical disabilities. Computing devices and internet availability proved not to be an issue for the successful implementation of the ORS system, as most participants consented to having an internet connection or a device to enter ORS system (91%). Conclusion: Since more than half of the participated patients were unhappy with the TQM at registration desks (59.7%), this dissatisfaction should be addressed by an ORS implementaion that would reduce waiting time, enhance the level of attention, and improve services from frontline staff toward patients’ care.
Temporally localized contributions to measures of large-scale heart rate variability.

The purpose of this work was to determine the temporal origins of the standard deviation of successive 5-min mean heart period sequences (SDANN) and the power of the ultralow-frequency (ULF) spectral band (<0.0033 Hz). We hypothesized that SDANN and ULF might have their origins in changes in human activity rather than slow oscillatory rhythms. Heart period sequences were obtained from 24-h Holter electrocardiograms of 10 healthy ambulatory subjects. There was no evidence of any persistent oscillation within the ULF band. Using moving 4-h windows in short-time Fourier transforms, we showed that the amplitude of ULF fluctuated markedly, particularly during times bordering sleep. The local ULF amplitude correlated ( r = 0.59 ± 0.09) with large-scale changes in heart period quantified with 2- and 4-h wavelet transforms. Local SDANN also fluctuated, mainly around times of sleep. Although the 24-h SDANN and ULF values correlated highly, there was little correlation between their temporal distributions ( r = 0.10 ± 0.25). The temporal distributions of measures of long-range heart period variability suggest that they reflect changes in human activity levels.
Effect of Patiromer on SerumPotassium Level in Patients With Hyperkalemia and Diabetic Kidney Disease The AMETHYST-DN Randomized Clinical Trial

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Phase 2, multicenter, open-label, dose-ranging, randomized clinical trial (AMETHYST-DN), conducted at 48 sites in Europe from June 2011 to June 2013 evaluating patiromer in 306 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 15 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum potassium level >5.0 mEq/L). All patients received RAAS inhibitors prior to and during study treatment.
THE AFFECTIVE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VYGOTSKY’S ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

Many recent articles, research papers, and conference presentations about Lev Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) emphasize the ‘‘extended’’ version of the ZPD that reflects human emotions and desires. In this essay, Michael G. Levykh expands on the extant literature on the ZPD through developing several new ideas. First, he maintains that there is no need to expand ZPD to include emotions, as its more ’’conservative’’ dimensions (cognitive, social, cultural, and historical) already encompass affective features. Second, Levykh emphasizes that an emotionally positive collaboration between teachers and students in a caring and nurturing environment must be created from the outset. Finally, he asserts that culturally developed emotions must mediate successful establishment and maintenance of the ZPD in order to be effective. According to Levykh, Vygotsky’s notion that learning can lead development represents a crucial contribution to our understanding of teaching and learning by clearly showing that emotions are vital to human learning and development. Some have argued that Lev Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) can be extended to integrate the affective dimension. There has been an enormous proliferation of articles, research papers, and conference presentations about the ZPD in fields such as mathematics, science, computer science and technology, language acquisition and teaching, and so on; many of these emphasize the ‘‘extended’’ version of the ZPD that reflects human emotions and desires. The popularity of an extended version of the ZPD, especially among teachers of the physical sciences, supports Vygotsky’s notion that learning can lead development and reflects an overdue acknowledgment and recognition of the fact that emotions are a vital part of human learning and development. This essay expands on the extant literature on ZPD through exploring several new ideas: 1. The more ‘‘conservative’’ features of ZPD (social, cultural, and historical) already encompass both affective and cognitive dimensions; hence, there is no need for an ‘‘extended’’ version of the ZPD. 2. An emotionally positive collaboration and cooperation between teachers and students in a caring and nurturing environment must be created from the outset. 1. See, for example, Holbrook Mahn and Vera John-Steiner, ‘‘The Gift of Confidence: AVygotskian View of Emotions,’’ in Learning for Life in the Twenty-First Century: Sociocultural Perspectives on the Future of Education, eds. Gordon Wells and Guy Claxton (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2002); and Peter Nelmes, ‘‘Developing a Conceptual Framework for the Role of the Emotions in the Language of Teaching and Learning’’ (paper presented at the third conference of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, February-March 2003, Bellaria, Italy), http://www.dm.unipi.it/~didattica/CERME3/ proceedings/tableofcontents_cerme3.html. EDUCATIONAL THEORY j Volume 58 j Number 1 j 2008 2008 Board of Trustees j University of Illinois 83
Socioeconomic predictors and consequences of depression among primary care attenders with non-communicable diseases in the Western Cape, South Africa: cohort study within a randomised trial

BACKGROUND
Socioeconomic predictors and consequences of depression and its treatment were investigated in 4393 adults with specified non-communicable diseases attending 38 public sector primary care clinics in the Eden and Overberg districts of the Western Cape, South Africa.


METHODS
Participants were interviewed at baseline in 2011 and 14 months later, as part of a randomised controlled trial of a guideline-based intervention to improve diagnosis and management of chronic diseases. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess depression symptoms, with higher scores representing more depressed mood.


RESULTS
Higher CESD-10 scores at baseline were independently associated with being less educated (p = 0.004) and having lower income (p = 0.003). CESD-10 scores at follow-up were higher in participants with less education (p = 0.010) or receiving welfare grants (p = 0.007) independent of their baseline scores. Participants with CESD-10 scores of ten or more at baseline (56 % of all participants) had 25 % higher odds of being unemployed at follow-up (p = 0.016), independently of baseline CESD-10 score and treatment status. Among participants with baseline CESD-10 scores of ten or more, antidepressant medication at baseline was independently more likely in participants who had more education (p = 0.002), higher income (p < 0.001), or were unemployed (p = 0.001). Antidepressant medication at follow up was independently more likely in participants with higher income (p = 0.023), and in clinics with better access to pharmacists (p = 0.053) and off-site drug delivery (p = 0.013).


CONCLUSIONS
Socioeconomic disadvantage appears to be both a cause and consequence of depression, and may also be a barrier to treatment. There are opportunities for improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression in primary care in inequitable middle income countries like South Africa.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials ( ISRCTN20283604 ).
Cooperative learning in neural networks using particle swarm optimizers

This paper presents a method to employ particle swarms optim izers in a cooperative configuration. This is achieved by splitting the input vector into several sub-vectors, each w hich is optimized cooperatively in its own swarm. The applic ation of this technique to neural network training is investigate d, with promising results.
The Broadband Spiral Antenna Design Based on Hybrid Backed-Cavity

Here, a hybrid backed-cavity with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure and a perfect electronic conductor (PEC) is proposed for an Archimedean spiral antenna. This cavity makes the spiral antenna work operate over the 10:1 bandwidth and without the loss introduced by absorbing materials that are used conventionally to broadband spirals. Based on the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) characteristic, an EBG is placed in the outer region of backed-cavity to improve the blind spot gain at low frequency. A PEC at the center of the structure is used to obtain high gain at high frequency. The antenna performances are improved significantly for of the low profile spiral antenna is improved significantly. A typical spiral antenna with a hybrid backed cavity is fabricated and studied experimentally. The experimental data are consistent with that of the simulation results.