LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Learning When to Concentrate or Divert Attention: Self-Adaptive Attention Temperature for Neural Machine Translation

Conclusion A new model with the self-adaptive attention temperature for the softness of attention distribution; Improved results on the datasets and showed that attention temperature differs for decoding diverse words; Try to figure out better demonstration for the effects of temperature. Abstract A new NMT model with self-adaptive attention temperature; Attention varies at each time step based on the temperature; Improved results on the benchmark datasets; Analysis shows that temperatures vary when translating words of different types.
Patients with acute coronary syndrome and normal high-sensitivity troponin.

BACKGROUND
Failure to identify patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious clinical problem. The incidence, characteristics, and outcome of ACS patients with normal high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels at presentation are unknown.


METHODS
In a prospective multicenter study, hs-cTnT was determined in a blinded fashion in 1181 consecutive patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department. The final diagnosis of ACS was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists. Patients were followed for 12 months.


RESULTS
ACS was the adjudicated diagnosis in 351 patients (30%), including 187 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 164 patients with unstable angina (UA). At presentation, hs-cTnT was normal (<.014 ug/L) in 112 ACS patients (32%), including 11 patients (6%) with AMI and 101 patients (62%) with UA (P <.001). Multivariable analysis revealed previous statin treatment, younger age, preserved renal function, and the absence of ST deviation on the electrocardiogram as independently associated with normal hs-cTnT levels. Mortality rates in ACS patients with normal hs-cTnT level were 0.0% at 30 days, 0.0% at 90 days, and 2.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-7.9) at 360 days, which was significantly lower than in ACS patients with elevated hs-cTnT level at presentation (17.5% at 360 days, P <.001). Conversely, AMI rates at 360 days was higher in ACS patients with normal versus elevated hs-cTnT levels (P=.004).


CONCLUSION
Almost one third of ACS patients have normal hs-cTnT levels at presentation, mostly patients with UA. ACS patients with normal hs-cTnT have a very low mortality, but an increased rate of AMI during the subsequent 360 days.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment options for patients with methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
Recently, new treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) have become available. Given the wide variability in efficacy and costs among these different treatment options, we sought to determine their cost-effectiveness (CE) in order to guide policy in different cost-constrained settings.


METHODS
We performed a CE analysis comparing 6 treatment options for patients with MTX-resistant RA: 1) etanercept + MTX, 2) etanercept monotherapy, 3) cyclosporine + MTX, 4) triple therapy (hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and MTX), 5) continuation of MTX monotherapy, and 6) no second-line agent. A decision model was used with a time horizon of 6 months. We used 2 measures of effectiveness based on published clinical trial data: the American College of Rheumatology 20% response criteria (ACR 20); and a weighted average of proportions of patients achieving responses of ACR 70, ACR 50, and ACR 20 (ACR 70 weighted response [ACR 70WR]). Incremental CE ratios were calculated as the additional cost per patient achieving either outcome, compared with the next least expensive option. To help interpret CE relative to these RA-specific outcomes, we conducted a separate, "reference" CE analysis of MTX use in MTX-naive RA patients, using the same outcomes.


RESULTS
In our reference analysis, MTX therapy for MTX-naive RA cost $1,100 per ACR 20 outcome and $1,500 per ACR 70WR, compared with no second-line agent. In our base-case analysis with either outcome, MTX continuation, cyclosporine + MTX, and etanercept monotherapy cost more, but either were not more efficacious or had a higher incremental CE ratio than the next most expensive option (i.e., they were dominated). Therefore, these options were not cost-effective. The least expensive option, triple therapy, cost 1.3 times more per patient with ACR 20 outcome ($1,500/ACR 20) and 2.1 times more per ACR 70WR ($3,100/ACR 70WR) than MTX therapy for MTX-naive RA. The most efficacious option, the combination of etanercept and MTX, cost 38 times more per patient with ACR 20 outcome ($4,600/ACR 20) and 23 times more per ACR 70WR ($34,800/ACR 70WR) than MTX therapy for MTX-naive RA. Overall, the results of extensive sensitivity analyses did not substantially affect these results.


CONCLUSION
Our analysis indicates that if 15 mg/week MTX is cost-effective for achieving ACR 20 or ACR 70WR in MTX-naive RA over a 6-month period, then most likely so is triple therapy in MTX-resistant RA. Whether etanercept + MTX is cost-effective depends on whether $34,800/ACR 70WR (or $42,600/ACR 20) over a 6-month period is considered acceptable.
Human and organizational factors in computer and information security: Pathways to vulnerabilities

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe how human and organizational factors may be related to technical computer and information security (CIS) vulnerabilities. A qualitative study of CIS experts was performed, which consisted of 2, 5-member focus groups sessions. The participants in the focus groups each produced a causal network analysis of human and organizational factors pathways to types of CIS vulnerabilities. Findings suggested that human and organizational factors play a significant role in the development of CIS vulnerabilities and emphasized the relationship complexities among human and organizational factors. The factors were categorized into 9 areas: external influences, human error, management, organization, performance and resource management, policy issues, technology, and training. Security practitioners and management should be aware of the multifarious roles of human and organizational factors and CIS vulnerabilities and that CIS vulnerabilities are not the sole result of a technological problem or programming mistake. The design and management of CIS systems need an integrative, multi-layered approach to improve CIS performance (suggestions for analysis provided). a 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of lumbar epidural bupivacaine with fentanyl or clonidine for postoperative analgesia in children with cerebral palsy after single-event multilevel surgery.

AIM
To compare diazepam use, muscle spasm, analgesia, and side effects when clonidine or fentanyl are added to epidural bupivacaine in children with cerebral palsy after multilevel orthopaedic surgery.


METHOD
Fifty children were prospectively randomized to receive clonidine (n=24, mean age 10y 10mo [SD 2y 11mo]) or fentanyl (n=26, mean age 10y 11mo [SD 2y 10mo]).


RESULTS
There was no difference in primary outcome measures: median diazepam use (fentanyl 0, interquartile range [IQR] 0-0; clonidine 0, IQR 0-0; p=0.46), any muscle spasm (no muscle spasms in: fentanyl, 36%; clonidine, 62%; p=0.11), painful muscle spasm (fentanyl 40%; clonidine 25%; p=0.46), or pain score ≥6 (none: fentanyl 44%; clonidine 42%; p=0.29). There were differences in secondary outcome measures: no vomiting (clonidine 63%; fentanyl 20%); vomiting occurred more frequently with fentanyl (32% vomited more than three times; clonidine none; p=0.001). Fentanyl resulted in more oxygen desaturation (at least two episodes: fentanyl 20%; clonidine 0; p<0.001). Clonidine resulted in lower mean (SD) area under the curve for systolic blood pressure (fentanyl 106.5 [11.0]; clonidine 95.7mmHg [7.9]) and heart rate (fentanyl 104.9 beats per minute [13.6]; clonidine 85.3 [11.5]; p<0.001).


INTERPRETATION
Clonidine and fentanyl provide adequate analgesia with low rates of muscle spasm, resulting in low diazepam use. The choice of epidural additive should be based upon the most tolerable side-effect profile.
A Practical Approach for Automated Test Case Generation using Statecharts

This paper presents an approach for automated test case generation using a software specification modeled in statecharts. The steps defined in such approach involve: translation of statecharts modeling into an XML-based language; and the PerformCharts tool generates FSMs based on control flow. These FSMs are the inputs for the Condado tool which generates test cases. The idea is to demonstrate that by using a higher-level technique, such as Statecharts, complex software can be represented with clarity and rich details. A case study was on an implementation of a protocol specified for communication between a scientific experiment and the on-board data handling computer of a satellite under development at National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
[Effects of Danqi Huogan Capsule in protecting the liver, promoting circulation and removing clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of Danqi Huogan Capsule in protecting the liver, promoting the circulation and removing blood clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).


METHODS
A total of 104 CHB patients were randomized into two groups. Routine therapies for liver protection were given in the control group (n=50), and Danqi Huogan Capsule was administered in the therapeutic group (n=54) in addition to the routine therapies. The changes in the clinical symptoms, physical signs, liver functions, and hemorrheology were observed after the 3-month therapies.


RESULTS
Danqi Huogan Capsule treatment obvious improved the clinical symptoms, physical signs and liver functions of the patients (P<0.01), and significantly decreased the hematocrit, low-shear blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and index of red blood cell aggregation (P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
Danqi Huogan Capsule is effective in protecting the liver, improving hemorrheology, promoting the blood circulation and removing clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Effect of Ta2O5 in (Ca, Si, Ta)-doped TiO2 ceramic varistors

Abstract TiO 2 varistors doped with 0.2 mol% Ca, 0.4 mol% Si and different concentrations of Ta were obtained by ceramic sintering processing at 1350 °C. The effect of Ta on the microstructures, nonlinear electrical behavior and dielectric properties of the (Ca, Si, Ta)-doped TiO 2 ceramics were investigated. The ceramics have nonlinear coefficients of α  = 3.0–5.0 and ultrahigh relative dielectric constants which is up to 10 4 . Experimental evidence shows that small quantities of Ta 2 O 5 improve the nonlinear properties of the samples significantly. It was found that an optimal doping composition of 0.8 mol% Ta 2 O 5 leads to a low breakdown voltage of 14.7 V/mm, a high nonlinear constant of 4.8 and an ultrahigh electrical permittivity of 5.0 × 10 4 and tg δ  = 0.66 (measured at 1 kHz), which is consistent with the highest and narrowest grain boundary barriers of the ceramics. In view of these electrical characteristics, the TiO 2 –0.8 mol% Ta 2 O 5 ceramic is a viable candidate for capacitor–varistor functional devices. The characteristics of the ceramics can be explained by the effect and the maximum of the substitution of Ta 5+ for Ti 4+ .
The Product Creation Process

The Product Creation Process is described in its context. A phased model for Product Creation is shown. Many organizations use a phased model as blueprint for the way of working. The operational organization of the product creation process is discussed, especially the role of the operational leader. Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. All Gaudí documents are available at: http://www.gaudisite.nl/ version: 2.2 status: concept September 9, 2018
The impact of macromastia on adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the physical and psychosocial impact of macromastia on adolescents considering reduction mammaplasty in comparison with healthy adolescents.


METHODS
The following surveys were administered to adolescents with macromastia and control subjects, aged 12 to 21 years: Short-Form 36v2, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Breast-Related Symptoms Questionnaire, and Eating-Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Demographic variables and self-reported breast symptoms were compared between the 2 groups. Linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for BMI category (normal weight, overweight, obese), were fit to determine the effect of case status on survey score. Odds ratios for the risk of disordered eating behaviors (EAT-26 score ≥ 20) in cases versus controls were also determined.


RESULTS
Ninety-six subjects with macromastia and 103 control subjects participated in this study. Age was similar between groups, but subjects with macromastia had a higher BMI (P = .02). Adolescents with macromastia had lower Short-Form 36v2 domain, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Breast-Related Symptoms Questionnaire scores and higher EAT-26 scores compared with controls. Macromastia was also associated with a higher risk of disordered eating behaviors. In almost all cases, the impact of macromastia was independent of BMI category.


CONCLUSIONS
Macromastia has a substantial negative impact on health-related quality of life, self-esteem, physical symptoms, and eating behaviors in adolescents with this condition. These observations were largely independent of BMI category. Health care providers should be aware of these important negative health outcomes that are associated with macromastia and consider early evaluation for adolescents with this condition.
High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor from Large Free-Standing Graphene-PEDOT/PSS Films.

Although great attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible lightweight batteries or supercapacitors with high performance are still not readily available due to the limitations of the flexible electrode inventory. In this work, highly flexible, bendable and conductive rGO-PEDOT/PSS films were prepared using a simple bar-coating method. The assembled device using rGO-PEDOT/PSS electrode could be bent and rolled up without any decrease in electrochemical performance. A relatively high areal capacitance of 448 mF cm(-2) was achieved at a scan rate of 10 mV s(-1) using the composite electrode with a high mass loading (8.49 mg cm(-2)), indicating the potential to be used in practical applications. To demonstrate this applicability, a roll-up supercapacitor device was constructed, which illustrated the operation of a green LED light for 20 seconds when fully charged.
The Gleeson Court on Constitutional Law: An Empirical Analysis of its First Five Years

In providing a reflective comment upon the High Court’s constitutional law decisions of a single calendar year – that of 20011 – Stephen Gageler acknowledged that to do so was largely to adopt an American tradition found within the pages of the Harvard Law Review for over half a century now.2 But, as he said, in the beginning there were the statistics. The American commentary on the Supreme Court’s term began its life as a foreword to the presentation of tables and charts indicating ‘some of the more significant features of the Court’s activity’3 across that period. The practice of critiquing recent developments in constitutional law, albeit through the lens of a particular year, is one which we can adopt without much difficulty.4 The work of the High Court of Australia in this field is already subject to a healthy amount of analysis – a steady stream in fact – from the profession, academia and, to some extent, the media. Australian lawyers have, however, been largely reticent about the use of empirical studies as a means of appreciating the dimensions of judicial work.5 Not for us, the number crunching
Predictive Factors for Severe Outcomes in Ischemic Colitis

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Ischemic colitis includes a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild to severe forms. This study aimed to determine the factors that are related to the occurrence of severe ischemic colitis.


METHODS
This multicenter study was conducted retrospectively in Korea. The patients were divided into mild and severe groups. This study surveyed clinical characteristics, blood tests, endoscopic findings, and imaging studies.


RESULTS
In the comparison of comorbidities, the severe group had a higher ratio of chronic kidney disease than the mild group (p=0.001). In the blood test, the severe group had a reduced number of platelets (p=0.018) and a higher C-reactive protein value (p=0.001). The severe group had a higher ratio of involvement of the right colon (p=0.026). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of the patients showed that the severe group had higher scores than the mild group (p=0.003). A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease and high ECOG performance status scores were significant risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
If patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis are also treated for chronic kidney disease or have poor performance status, more attention and early intervention are necessary.
Ryanodinopathies : Muscle Disorders Linked to Mutations in Ryanodine Receptors

Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle depends on bidirectional signaling interactions between sarcolemmal L-type Ca channels (or dihydropyridine receptors, DHPRs) and Ca release channels (or ryanodine receptors, RyRs) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Mutations in the skeletal muscle RyR (RyR1) result in several clinically distinct muscle disorders including malignant hyperthermia (MH), central core disease (CCD), multi-minicore disease (MmD), and nemaline rod myopathy (NM). Similarly, two inherited exercise-induced arrhythmogenic disorders, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type-2 (ARVD2), are linked to mutations in the cardiac isoform of the RyR (RyR2). This review examines the genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical/diagnostic characteristics of the “ryanodinopathies,” an emerging and eclectic array of clinically distinct muscle disorders that arise from genetic and functional defects in the skeletal and cardiac muscle RyRs.
Frequencies and circumstances of falls in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA).

Frequencies and circumstances of falls were assessed among 1030 middle-aged and elderly people who participated in the NILS-LSA (National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging) from November, 1997 to March, 1999 and responded to the questionnaires. The variables analyzed in the present study were demography and history of falls in the past one year. Circumstances of falls, e.g. time, location, activities associated with falls, cause of falls and degree of injury due to falls were asked when the subjects experienced a fall. Fear of falling was also investigated in all subjects. The prevalence of falls was 12.9% in the middle-aged group (40-59 yr.) and 16.5% in the elderly group (60-79 yr.). The distribution of time, location, activity associated with falls, cause and injury due to falls corresponded with previous fall studies among community-dwelling elderly people. The incidence of falls was extremely high during the daytime and outdoors. Falls occurred most frequently while walking. The majority of falls were due to extrinsic factors. About 40% of all falls caused no injury. As to the fear of falling, about 30% of the middle-aged subjects and about 60% of the elderly subjects reported that they were fearful. Our results suggested that fall accidents are not rare, even in middle-aged people.
Committee-Based Color Constancy

We show how to achieve better illumination estimates for color constancy by combining the results of several existing algorithms. We consider committee methods based on both linear and non–linear ways of combining the illumination estimates from the original set of color constancy algorithms. Committees of grayworld, white patch and neural net methods are tested. The committee results are always more accurate than the estimates of any of the other algorithms taken in isolation.
Resources for Urdu Language Processing

Urdu is spoken by more than 100 million speakers. This paper summarizes the corpus and lexical resources being developed for Urdu by the CRULP, in Pakistan.
Somatostatin analog therapy for severe polycystic liver disease: results after 2 years.

BACKGROUND
We showed in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial that octreotide long-acting repeatable depot.® (OctLAR(®)) for 12 months reduces kidney and liver growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney patients with severe polycystic liver disease (PLD) and liver growth in patients with severe isolated PLD. We have now completed an open-label extension for one additional year to assess safety and clinical benefits of continued use of OctLAR for 2 years (O → O) and examined drug effect in the placebo group who crossed over to OctLAR in Year 2 (P → O).


METHODS
The primary end point was change in total liver volume (TLV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); secondary end points were changes in total kidney volume (TKV) measured by MRI, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), quality of life (QOL), safety, vital signs and laboratory parameters.


RESULTS
Forty-one of 42 patients received OctLAR (n = 28) or placebo (n = 14) in Year 1 and received OctLAR in Year 2 (maximum dose 40 mg). Patients originally randomized to placebo (P → O) showed substantial reduction in TLV after treatment with OctLAR in Year 2 (Δ% -7.66 ± 9.69%, P = 0.011). The initial reduction of TLV in the OctLAR group (O → O) was maintained for 2 years (Δ% -5.96 ± 8.90%), although did not change significantly during Year 2 (Δ% -0.77 ± 6.82%). OctLAR inhibited renal enlargement during Year 1 (Δ% +0.42 ± 7.61%) in the (O → O) group and during Year 2 (Δ% -0.41 ± 9.45%) in the (P → O) group, but not throughout Year 2 (Δ% +6.49 ± 7.08%) in the (O → O) group. Using pooled analyses of all individuals who received OctLAR for 12 months, i.e. in Year 1 for O → O patients and Year 2 for P → O patients, average reduction in TLV was -6.08 ± 7.58% (P = 0.001) compared to net growth of 0.9 ± 8.35% in the original placebo group. OctLAR-treated individuals continued to experience improvements in QOL in Year 2, although overall physical and mental improvements were not significant during Year 2 compared to Year 1. Changes in GFR were similar in both groups.


CONCLUSION
Over 2 years, OctLAR significantly reduced the rate of increase in TLV and possibly the rate of increase in TKV.
The Human Side of Enterprise

© 1966 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From Leadership and Motivation, Essays of Douglas McGregor, edited by W. G. Bennis and E. H. Schein (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966): 3–20. Reprinted with permission. I t has become trite to say that the most significant developments of the next quarter century will take place not in the physical but in the social sciences, that industry—the economic organ of society—has the fundamental know-how to utilize physical science and technology for the material benefit of mankind, and that we must now learn how to utilize the social sciences to make our human organizations truly effective. Many people agree in principle with such statements; but so far they represent a pious hope—and little else. Consider with me, if you will, something of what may be involved when we attempt to transform the hope into reality.