LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Adoption of Information Security Management Standards: A Literature Review

This chapter introduces major information security management methods and standards, and particularly ISO/IEC 27001 and 27002 standards. A literature review was conducted in order to understand the reasons for the low level of adoption of information security standards by companies, and to identify the drivers and the success factors in implementation of these standards. Based on the findings of the literature review, we provide recommendations on how to successfully implement and stimulate diffusion of information security standards in the dynamic business market environment, where companies vary in their size and organizational culture. The chapter concludes with an identification of future trends and areas for further research. INtrODUctION In service-oriented, highly industrialized countries, information itself is both a raw material and a product (Castells, 1996). The critical economic role of information and information processing on a firm’s productivity may be more important than that from operational efficiency or product innovation (Steinmueller, 2005). The relevance of information assets to businesses and governments alike can be measured by, for example, the percentage of contributions to gross domestic product (GDP) stemming from information-related processes and services (OECD, 2005). Another argument for the importance of information assets is to see them as “the ‘life-blood’ of all businesses” (Humphreys, 2005, p.15) losing which may bring the business to a dead halt. LouDOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-326-5.ch006
Conventional Agar-Based Culture Method, and Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) of the cppB Gene for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhea in Pregnant Women Endocervical Swab Specimens

BACKGROUND
Neisseria gonorrhea is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea, and primarily infects the mucous membranes of the urethra, endocervix, pharynx or rectum of females which may result in substantial morbidity. N. gonorrhea also causes disseminated infection, with complications that may result in ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, chronic pelvic pain or maternal transmission of gonorrhea, and also increases susceptibility to HIV.


OBJECTIVES
In the present investigation, we used conventional agar-based culture method, and nucleic acid amplification of CCPB gene for detection of Neisseria gonorrhea in endocervical swabs samples collected from pregnant women studied.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Endocervical swabs specimens for this study were obtained from 1100 pregnant women who presented to Shiraz (Iran) Hospitals from 2009 to 2011. In the present investigation we used conventional agar-based culture method, and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of CCPB gene for detection of Neisseria gonorrhea in endocervical swabs samples collected from pregnant women studied. From each pregnant woman two endocervical swabs were taken: one swab placed in tubes containing phosphate buffered saline for Polymerase Chain Reaction, and the other to inoculate on culture media.


RESULTS
Among 1100 endocervical swabs examined, 13 (1.18%) samples had positive results by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on Neisseria gonorrhea CCPB gene. All endocervical swabs culture had negative results for Neisseria gonorrhea. 84 (7%) of the women had vaginal discharge, in whom PCR on endocervical swabs of these individuals had negative findings.


CONCLUSIONS
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are very appropriate in detection of infected individuals. Detection techniques such as NAATs are independent of bacterial viability, and have a potential to limit false negative samples, therefore, in our country, the application of different laboratory diagnosis methods including NAATs with culture as gold standard for determination antimicrobial susceptibility is essential.
Speckle tracking echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions of young elite athletes with eccentric and concentric type of cardiac remodeling.

AIMS
In individuals who exercise regularly and for extended periods of time, some structural alterations in the heart, called the athlete's heart, develop in time. These alterations vary in type, can be eccentric or concentric, depending on the nature of exercise. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a novel, angle-independent method that accurately and reliably measures systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle (LV) with considerably lower inter-operator variability.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twenty-two marathon runners, 24 wrestlers, and 20 healthy sedentary individuals were included in the study. The average age of subjects is 17.5 ± 2.2 in marathon runners, 16.8 ± 1.9 in wrestlers, and 16.4 ± 1.8 in control group. The parameters of LV longitudinal strain (S), LV longitudinal strain rate systolic (SRS), LV longitudinal strain rate diastolic early filling (SRE), and longitudinal strain rate diastolic late filling (SRA) were evaluated by apical two-, three-, and four-chamber grayscale imaging using the global longitudinal strain (GLS) and GLS rate (GLSR). Conventional echocardiographic parameters demonstrated increased LV diameters and wall thickness in the marathon runners and increased wall thickness without increased LV diameters in the wrestlers. Systolic and diastolic functions were comparable between the marathon runners and wrestlers with conventional echocardiography. Analysis with STE, however, yielded higher systolic strain and strain rates in the athletes. Normalized GLS parameters and end-diastolic volume (EDV) were shown to be correlated.


CONCLUSION
Overall, conventional echocardiography can detect some differences between young athletes with eccentric and concentric type of athlete's heart but it is incapable of revealing differences in intrinsic myocardial functions. However, analysis using STE demonstrated increased systolic functions in athletes commensurate with increased load, with unaltered diastolic functions.
Risks associated with gender differences in bipolar I disorder.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have demonstrated that bipolar patients may differ in several features according to gender, but a number of the differences found remain controversial.


METHODS
The demographic, illness course, clinical, comorbidity and temperament characteristics of a total of 1090 consecutive DSM-IV bipolar I manic inpatients were compared according to gender.


RESULTS
Bipolar illness in women was characterised by the predominance of depression, as indicated by a depressive polarity at onset, higher rates of mixed mania, more suicidal behaviour, and a greater number of temperaments with depressive propensities. In contrast, the manic component was found to predominate in men. Men also had an earlier onset of their illness. Women displayed more comorbidities with eating, anxiety, and endocrine/metabolic disorders, whereas men were more comorbid with alcoholism and other forms of substance abuse, neurological, and cancer disorders. The following independent variables were associated with male gender: being single (+), depressive temperament (-), excessive alcohol use (+), cyclothymic temperament (-), excessive other substance use (+), mood congruent psychotic features (+), and manic polarity at onset (+).


LIMITATIONS
The retrospective design and the sample being potentially not representative of the bipolar disorder population are limitations.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this study tend to confirm most of the differences previously observed among bipolar men and women. Furthermore, these results draw attention to the risks that may be specifically linked to gender differences in bipolar I patients.
Leaf image based cucumber disease recognition using sparse representation classification

Most existing image-based crop disease recognition algorithms rely on extracting various kinds of features from leaf images of diseased plants. They have a common limitation as the features selected for discriminating leaf images are usually treated as equally important in the classification process. We propose a novel cucumber disease recognition approach which consists of three pipelined procedures: segmenting diseased leaf images by K-means clustering, extracting shape and color features from lesion information, and classifying diseased leaf images using sparse representation (SR). A major advantage of this approach is that the classification in the SR space is able to effectively reduce the computation cost and improve the recognition performance. We perform a comparison with four other feature extraction based methods using a leaf image dataset on cucumber diseases. The proposed approach is shown to be effective in recognizing seven major cucumber diseases with an overall recognition rate of 85.7%, higher than those of the other methods. 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of systolic time interval measurement modalities for portable devices

Systolic time intervals (STI) have shown significant diagnostic and prognostic value to assess the global cardiac function. Their value has been largely established in hospital settings. Currently, STI are considered a promising tool for long-term patient follow-up with chronic cardiovascular diseases. Several technologies exist that enable beat-by-beat assessment of STI in personal health application scenarios. A comparative study is presented using the echocardiographic gold standard synchronized with impedance cardiography (ICG), phonocardiography (PCG) and photoplethysmography (PPG). The ability of these competing technologies in assessing the pre ejection period (PEP) and the left ventricle ejection time (LVET) is given a general overview with comparative results.
The effects of combine treatment of memantine and donepezil on Alzheimer's disease patients and its relationship with cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal area.

BACKGROUND
In this study, we evaluated the effect on cognitive function of memantine, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and the care burden, in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we examined the association between effect of memantine and brain blood flow.


METHODS
We evaluated the effect of memantine administration from baseline on Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, mini mental state examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI) and NIRS in two groups, donepezil administration memantine combination group (combination group, n = 19) donepezil administration memantine non-administration group (control group, n = 18) were assessed at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 24.


RESULTS
Significant difference was found between the combination group and the control group in the score variation of Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, MMSE, CDT, NPI, and J-ZBI. In the NIRS measurements, trend oxyhemoglobin reduced suppression was observed in some channels centered on the superior frontal gyrus. A significant correlation was observed in the scores of MMSE, CDT, NPI, and J-ZBI. In addition, a significant positive correlation was also observed between the number of words in NIRS and scores of MMSE and CDT.


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, by administering memantine in AD patients that inhibit the reduction of cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal area and improve clinical symptoms overall cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, thereby reducing the care burden of caregivers was suggested.
A Smart City Application: A Fully Controlled Street Lighting Isle Based on Raspberry-Pi Card, a ZigBee Sensor Network and WiMAX

A smart city application has been realized and tested. It is a fully remote controlled isle of lamp posts based on new technologies. It has been designed and organized in different hierarchical layers, which perform local activities to physically control the lamp posts and transmit information with another for remote control. Locally, each lamp post uses an electronic card for management and a ZigBee tlc network transmits data to a central control unit, which manages the whole isle. The central unit is realized with a Raspberry-Pi control card due to its good computing performance at very low price. Finally, a WiMAX connection was tested and used to remotely control the smart grid, thus overcoming the distance limitations of commercial Wi-Fi networks. The isle has been realized and tested for some months in the field.
COSI: Cloud Oriented Subgraph Identification in Massive Social Networks

Subgraph matching is a key operation on graph data. Social network (SN) providers may want to find all subgraphs within their social network that match certain query graph patterns. Unfortunately, subgraph matching is NP-complete, making its application to massive SNs a major challenge. Past work has shown how to implement subgraph matching on a single processor when the graph has 10-25M edges. In this paper, we show how to use cloud computing in conjunction with such existing single processor methods to efficiently match complex subgraphs on graphs as large as 778M edges. A cloud consists of one master compute node and k slave compute nodes. We first develop a probabilistic method to estimate probabilities that a vertex will be retrieved by a random query and that a pair of vertices will be successively retrieved by a random query. We use these probability estimates to define edge weights in an SN and to compute minimal edge cuts to partition the graph amongst k slave nodes. We develop algorithms for both master and slave nodes that try to minimize communication overhead. The resulting COSI system can answer complex queries over real-world SN data containing over 778M edges very efficiently.
Sex-Specific Parental Effects on Offspring Lipid Levels

BACKGROUND
Plasma lipid levels are highly heritable traits, but known genetic loci can only explain a small portion of their heritability.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study, we analyzed the role of parental levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) in explaining the values of the corresponding traits in adult offspring. We also evaluated the contribution of nongenetic factors that influence lipid traits (age, body mass index, smoking, medications, and menopause) alone and in combination with variability at the genetic loci known to associate with TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels. We performed comparisons among different sex-specific regression models in 416 families from the Framingham Heart Study and 304 from the SardiNIA cohort. Models including parental lipid levels explain significantly more of the trait variation than models without these measures, explaining up to ≈39% of the total trait variation. Of this variation, the parent-of-origin effect explains as much as ≈15% and it does so in a sex-specific way. This observation is not owing to shared environment, given that spouse-pair correlations were negligible (<1.5% explained variation in all cases) and is distinct from previous genetic and acquired factors that are known to influence serum lipid levels.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the concept that unknown genetic and epigenetic contributors are responsible for most of the heritable component of the plasma lipid phenotype, and that, at present, the clinical utility of knowing age-matched parental lipid levels in assessing risk of dyslipidemia supersedes individual locus effects. Our results support the clinical utility of knowing parental lipid levels in assessing future risk of dyslipidemia.
Misconceptions about real-time computing: a serious problem for next-generation systems

The author defines real-time computing and states and dispels the most common misconceptions about it. He discusses the fundamental technical issues of real-time computing. He examines specification and verification, scheduling theory, operating systems, programming languages and design methodology, distributed databases, artificial intelligence, fault tolerance, architectures, and communication.<<ETX>>
Study and development of a microwave power receiving system for ZigBee device

Battery exchange cost or the battery itself of sensor terminals is a serious problem to construct a wireless sensor network. The objective of the present study is to develop a ZigBee sensor network powered by external microwave in order to realize a battery-less or wirelessly-charged wireless sensor network. Our designed microwave power receiving system consists of a power receiving antenna, a rectification circuit and a dc-dc converter. We conducted ZigBee communication experiments while the ZigBee device was irradiated by the external microwave. The results indicate that there are available frequencies for the microwave power supply even in 2.4 GHz band, which is also used for the ZigBee communication. We made two prototypes of rectification circuits whose optimum loads were 140 Ω, and whose efficiencies were 65 % and 27 %, respectively. We demonstrated operation of a ZigBee device with the external microwave power. We confirmed that microwave power receiving circuit can operate ZigBee device. We made a rectenna from nine rectification circuits and nine patch antennas. This rectenna could output voltage to operate the ZigBee device with wireless power.
Management of vestibular disorders

Vertigo and dizziness are not disease entities but rather the outcome of many pathological or physiological processes. The prevailing good prognosis of vestibular disorders that manifest with vertigo must be emphasized. Most forms ¶of vertigo have a benign cause and are characterized by spontaneous recovery of vestibular function or central compensation of a peripheral or central vestibular tone imbalance. Vertigo can be effectively relieved by pharmacological treatment (e.g., antiepileptic drugs for vestibular paroxysms), physical therapy (e.g., deliberate maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo), surgery (e.g., decompression of the eighth nerve), or psychotherapy ¶(e.g., behavioral therapy for agoraphobia). There is, however, no common treatment, and vestibular suppressants provide only symptomatic relief of vertigo and nausea. A specific therapeutic approach thus requires recognition of the numerous particular pathomechanisms involved. Such therapy can include causative, symptomatic, or preventive approaches.
An Application of Fuzzy Concept to Agricultural Farm for Decision Making

In this paper some concept of fuzzy set have discussed and one fuzzy model have applied on agricultural farm for optimal allocation of different crops by considering maximization of net benefit, production and utilization of labour . Crisp values of the objective functions obtained from selected nondominated solutions are converted into triangular fuzzy numbers and ranking of those fuzzy numbers are done to make a decision. .
Cost effectiveness of tiotropium in patients with asthma poorly controlled on inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists.

BACKGROUND
A considerable proportion of patients with asthma remain uncontrolled or symptomatic despite treatment with a high dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs). Tiotropium Respimat(®) added to usual care improves lung function, asthma control, and the frequency of non-severe and severe exacerbations, in a population of adult asthma patients who are uncontrolled despite treatment with ICS/LABA.


OBJECTIVE
This study estimated the cost effectiveness of tiotropium therapy as add-on to usual care in asthma patients that are uncontrolled despite treatment with ICS/LABA combination from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS).


METHODS
A Markov model was developed which considers levels of asthma control and exacerbations. The model analysed cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs); sensitivity and scenario analyses were also conducted to test the robustness of the base case outcomes. All costs are given at 2012 prices.


RESULTS
The model found that in this category of asthma with unmet need, add-on tiotropium therapy generated an incremental 0.24 QALYs and £5,238 costs over a lifetime horizon, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £21,906 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis suggested that findings were most dependent on the costs of managing uncontrolled asthma and the cost of treatment with tiotropium.


CONCLUSION
In this modelled analysis of two clinical trials, tiotropium was found to be cost effective when added to usual care in patients who remain uncontrolled despite treatment with high-dose ICS/LABA. Further research should investigate the long-term treatment effectiveness of tiotropium.
Perinatal mental distress and infant morbidity in Ethiopia: a cohort study

OBJECTIVES
(1) To investigate the impact of perinatal common mental disorders (CMD) in Ethiopia on the risk of key illnesses of early infancy: diarrhoea, fever and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and (2) to explore the potential mediating role of maternal health behaviours.


DESIGN
Population-based cohort study.


SETTING
Demographic surveillance site in a predominantly rural area of Ethiopia.


PARTICIPANTS
1065 women (86.3% of eligible) in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited and 954 (98.6%) of surviving, singleton mother-infant pairs were followed up until 2 months after birth.


MAIN EXPOSURE MEASURE
High levels of CMD symptoms, as measured by the locally validated Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥6), in pregnancy only, postnatally only and at both time-points ('persistent').


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Maternal report of infant illness episodes in first 2 months of life.


RESULTS
The percentages of infants reported to have experienced diarrhoea, ARI and fever were 26.0%, 25.0% and 35.1%, respectively. Persistent perinatal CMD symptoms were associated with 2.15 times (95% CI 1.39 to 3.34) increased risk of infant diarrhoea in a fully adjusted model. The strength of association was not affected by including potential mediators: breast feeding practices, hygiene, the infant's vaccination status or impaired maternal functioning. Persistent perinatal CMD was not associated with infant ARI or fever after adjusting for confounders.


CONCLUSIONS
Persistent perinatal CMD was associated with infant diarrhoea in this low-income country setting. The observed relationship was independent of maternal health-promoting practices. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the observed association to inform intervention strategies.