LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
DWT-DCT (QCD) based copy-move image forgery detection

Due to rapid advances and availabilities of powerful image processing software, digital images are easy to manipulate and modify for ordinary people. This makes it more and more difficult for a viewer to check the authenticity of a given digital image. Copy-move forgery is a specific type of image tampering where a part of the image is copied and pasted on another part generally to conceal unwanted portions of the image. Hence, the goal in detection of copy-move forgeries is to detect image areas that are same or extremely similar. In this paper we present an improved algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform Quantization Coefficients Decomposition (DCT-QCD) to detect such cloning forgery. Furthermore, for academic purposes and via a simplified, toy image we demonstrate how such algorithm works in detecting cloning forgery. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme accurately detects such specific image manipulations as long as the copied region is not rotated or scaled and copied area pasted as far as possible in specific position from original portion.
Selecting the Individual Numerical Scale and Prioritization Method in the Analytic Hierarchy Process: A 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Approach

The validity of the priority vector used in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) relies on two factors: the selection of a numerical scale and the selection of a prioritization method. The traditional AHP selects only one numerical scale (e.g., the Saaty scale) and one prioritization method (e.g., the eigenvector method) for each particular problem. For this traditional selection approach, there is disagreement on which numerical scale and prioritization method is better in deriving a priority vector. In fact, the best numerical scale and the best prioritization method both rely on the content of the pairwise comparison data provided by the AHP decision makers. By defining a set of concepts regarding the scale function and the linguistic pairwise comparison matrices (LPCMs) of the priority vector and by using LPCMs to unify the format of the input and output of AHP, this paper extends the AHP prioritization process under the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic model. Based on the extended AHP prioritization process, we present two performance measure criteria to evaluate the effect of the numerical scales and prioritization methods. We also use the performance measure criteria to develop a 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic multicriteria approach to select the best numerical scales and the best prioritization methods for different LPCMs. In this paper, we call this type of selection the individual selection of the numerical scale and prioritization method. We also compare this individual selection with traditional selection by using both random and real data and show better results with individual selection.
Value-Added Modeling: A Review

This article reviews the literature on teacher value-added. Although value-added models have been used to measure the contributions of numerous inputs to educational production, their application toward identifying the contributions of individual teachers has been particularly contentious. Our review covers articles on topics ranging from technical aspects of model design to the role that value-added can play in informing teacher evaluations in practice, highlighting areas of consensus and disagreement in the literature. Although a broad spectrum of views is reflected in available research, along a number of important dimensions the literature is converging on a widely-accepted set of facts.
Clinical Results of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider

PURPOSE
The success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy has been increasing with the development of better instruments and techniques. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical results of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider, which has also been used for functional endoscopic sinus surgery.


METHODS
We selected 76 patients (with a total of 84 affected eyes) who had been diagnosed with a nasolacrimal duct obstruction. These patients underwent an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider, which removed both nasal mucosa and lacrimal sac mucosa and also trimmed the margins of the ostotomy site. We assessed patients' outcomes on an anatomical basis using a dye test and endoscopy, which were used to define the anatomical success. We also arbitrarily defined functional success as whether the subjective epiphora was absent. At a four to 18 month follow-up, we monitored the clinical course to examine any recurrent episodes.


RESULTS
The symptoms were alleviated in 72 eyes, with a primary success rate of 85.7%. On nasal endoscopy, a functional failure was seen in four eyes. In these four eyes, the orifice was narrowed by the presence of either granulation tissue or conjunctivochalasis. By contrast, surgical outcomes were the anatomical failure in eight eyes. In these eight eyes, the orifice was obstructed by the presence of granulation tissue as well as the adhesion of nasal mucosa.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider enabled us to make the large fistula while minimizing the damage of adjacent tissue. It might be the recommended surgery that reduces the complications and enhances the success rate.
How Well Do We Know Pareto Optimality

Is a Pareto optimal distribution of two goods among two persons unique? A review of some intermediate microeconomics texts reveals a great deal of ambiguity in the answers and explanations provided for this question.
Developing clinical trials for biosimilars.

Biosimilars offer the prospect of providing efficacious and safe treatment options for many diseases, including cancer, while potentially increasing accessibility with greater affordability relative to biologics. Because biologics are large, complex molecules that cannot be exactly duplicated, biosimilars cannot be considered "generic" versions of biologic drugs. This review will examine important considerations for biosimilar clinical trials. Since the aim of biosimilar manufacturing is to produce a molecule highly similar to the reference biologic, a comparability exercise is needed to demonstrate similarity with the reference biologic product based on physicochemical characterization. In vitro analytical studies and in vivo studies as well as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) assessments also are conducted. Lastly, because it may not be possible to fully characterize a biosimilar in relation to its reference biologic, robust pharmacovigilance strategies are utilized to ensure that any matters in regard to safety can be monitored. Other key topics will be discussed, including regulatory guidance for the evaluation of biosimilars, clinical trial design considerations, and whether data submitted for the approval of a biosimilar for one indication can be extrapolated to other indications for which the reference biologic is approved. European and Canadian experiences in biosimilar development will be reviewed.
What do lay people want to know about the disposal of nuclear waste? A mental model approach to the design and development of an online risk communication.

Public participation requires the involvement of lay people in the decision-making processes of issues that concern them. It is currently practiced in a variety of domains, such as transport and environmental planning. Communicating risks can be a complex task, as there may be significant differences between the risk perceptions of experts and those of lay people. Among the plethora of problems that require public involvement is the site selection of a nuclear waste disposal site in the United Kingdom, which is discussed in this article. Previous ineffective attempts to locate a site provide evidence that the problem has a strong social dimension, and studies ascribe public opposition to a loss of public trust in governmental agencies and decisionmakers, and to a lack of public understanding of nuclear waste issues. Although the mental models approach has been successfully used in the effective communication of such risks as climate change, no attempt has been made to follow a prescriptive mental model approach to develop risk communication messages that inform lay people about nuclear waste disposal. After interviewing 20 lay people and 5 experts, we construct and compare their corresponding mental models to reveal any gaps and misconceptions. The mental models approach is further applied here to identify lay people's requirements regarding what they want to know about nuclear waste, and how this information should be presented so that it is easily understood. This article further describes how the mental models approach was used in the subsequent development of an online information system for the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the United Kingdom, which is considered essential for the improvement of public understanding and the reestablishment of trust.
Correction of congenital cleft earlobe with front and back flaps

Congenital auricular deformities may be either deformational or malformational. Malformational anomalies present with a skin or cartilage shortage. Two cases with congenital cleft earlobe were presented. A new surgical technique using a two-layered repair with front and back flaps were introduced. She waited to begin wearing earrings until six months after the surgery to prevent possible scar contracture. The patients were followed up for a period ranging from 3 to 14 months. The earlobe volume deficiency was replaced, and acceptable scar maturation was obtained.
On Smarandache's Form of the Individual Fermat-Euler Theorem

In the paper it is shown how a form of the classical FERMAT-EULER Theorem discovered by F • SMARANDA CHE fits into the generalizations found by S.SCHWARZ, M.LASSAK and the author. Then we show how SMARANDACHE'S algorithm can be used to effective computations of the so called group membership. AMS Subject Classification (1991): 11A07, llR04, 11T99, 11YI6, 13F05
Usefulness of the zung self-rating depression scale for schizophrenics.

OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to provide psychometric data concerning the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) when administered to schizophrenics.


METHODS
The subjects were 110 schizophrenic inpatients (50 females and 60 males) who were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.


RESULTS
1) Cronbach's alpha for the SDS was .81, and reached the acceptable range for internal consistency. 2) Test-retest reliability coefficient for the total SDS was comparatively high (Spearman's rho = .87, p < .001, N = 19), but those for SDS items revealed variability among items. 3) The mean total SDS score for the 15 patients with depression was significantly different from the group of patients without depression. 4) None of the 20 items or total SDS was significantly correlated with extrapyramidal symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the findings demonstrate the usefulness of the SDS for schizophrenics. However, due to findings of mixed reliability, caution should be exercised when using the SDS for these patients.
Autopsy features relevant for discrimination between suicidal and homicidal gunshot injuries

A total of 624 consecutive gunshot autopsies from the Institutes of Legal Medicine in Münster and Hamburg was investigated retrospectively. In a subsample of 284 suicides and 293 homicides (n=577), a large variety of features such as firearm, ammunition, number and site of entrance wounds, shooting distance and direction of the internal bullet path were recorded and binary logistic regression analysis performed in the case of bullet paths. Females constituted 26.3% of the homicide victims and 10.6% of the suicides. Short-barrelled firearms outnumbered long arms in homicides by 6:1 and in suicides by 2:1. More than 1 gunshot injury was found in 5.6% of the suicides (maximum 5 gunshots) and in 53.9% of the homicides (maximum 23 gunshots). The suicidal gunshots were fired from contact or near contact range in 89% while this was the case in only 7.5% of the homicides. The typical entrance wound sites in suicides were the temple (36%), mouth (20%), forehead (11%) and left chest (15%) but uncommon entrance wound sites such as the eye, ear, and back of the neck and head were also encountered. In suicidal gunshots to the right temple (n=107), only 6% of the bullet paths were directed downwards and only 4% were directed from back-to-front. In gunshots to the left chest (n=130), bullet paths running right-to-left or parallel occurred frequently in suicides (75%) and infrequently in homicide victims (19%). From 61 suicides who fired the gun inside their mouth, only 1 pointed the gun downwards. Consequently, some bullet path directions cannot be considered indicative of suicide: downwards and back-to-front in gunshots to the temple, left-to-right in gunshots to the left chest and downwards in mouth shots. The isolated autopsy findings can only be indicative of suicide or homicide but the combined analysis of several findings can be associated with a high probability.
C1-esterase inhibitor in graft failure after lung transplantation

Graft failure after lung transplantation may occur immediately after transplantation due to reperfusion injury or later due to rejection and infection. Although the pathological mechanisms are not completely known, the clinical findings are similar to the adult respiratory distress syndrome. In this condition, the blood coagulation contact system and the complement system are activated, leading to a capillary leak syndrome. Activation of the contact as well as the complement system is regulated by a common inhibitor, C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). We report on two patients who received high doses of C1-INH for 2 days during graft failure either due to reperfusion injury immediately after transplantation or due to an acute rejection 2 months after double-lung transplantation. In both cases of graft failure, a capillary leak syndrome occurred with pleural effusions of 7 l to more than 10 l per day. In case 1 disturbance of gas exchange during severe reperfusion injury could not be treated effectively with other treatment modalities like nitric oxide ventilation or surfactant administration. With the use of C1-INH, pleural effusions reduced within 12 h, leading to normal graft function within 4 days. In the second recipient, acute rejection forced the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 24 h despite immunosuppressive therapy. After administration of C1-INH, pleural effusions reduced from 19 l per day to 300 ml within 3 days of treatment. ECMO was discontinued after C1-INH treatment and the patient extubated 2 weeks later. This experience indicates that C1-INH may play a role in the management of capillary leak syndrome after lung transplantation.
Effects of 6 months of regular passive movements on ankle joint mobility in people with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial

Study design:Assessor-blinded within-subject randomized controlled trial.Objective:To determine the effects of 6 months of regular passive movements on ankle joint mobility in people with spinal cord injury.Setting:Community, Australia.Methods:A total of 20 people with tetraplegia living in the community had one ankle randomized to a control group and the other to an experimental group. Carers administered passive movements to participants' experimental ankles for 10 min, 10 times a week for 6 months. The control ankles were left untreated. The primary outcome was passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.Results:Adherence was high (mean adherence rate of 96%). Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion decreased by a mean (s.d.) of 2° (4) in control ankles and increased by 2° (4) in experimental ankles. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) effect on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was 4° (95% CI, 2–6°).Conclusion:Regular passive movements have small effects on ankle joint mobility. It is unclear if these effects are clinically worthwhile.
Faith, reason, and power in the early modern world

BOOK 4: FAITH, REASON, AND POWER IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD Part I: The Age of the Baroque Chapter 20: The Catholic Reformation and the Baroque Style The Catholic Reformation / 4.1 From Loyola: Spiritual Exercises / Catholicism: Global Reach / Literature and the Catholic Reformation / 4.2 From Saint Teresa: Visions / 4.3 From Crashaw: The Flaming Heart / The Visual Arts and the Catholic Reformation / Baroque Music Chapter 21: The Baroque in the Protestant North The Rise of the English Commonwealth / The King James Bible / 4.4 From the Douay Bible, 1609, and the King James Bible, 1611 / English Literature of the Seventeenth- Century / 4.5 From Donne: Meditation / 4.6 From Donne: Holy Sonnets / 4.7 From Milton: Paradise Lost / The London of Christopher Wren / Rembrandt and Protestant Devotionalism / The Music of the Protestant North Chapter 22: The Scientific Revolution and the New Learning The Scientific Revolution / The New Learning / 4.8 From Bacon: Novum Organum / 4.9 From Bacon: Of Studies / 4.10 From Descartes: Discourse on Method (Part IV) / 4.11 From Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding / Newton: Scientific Synthesis / The Impact of the Scientific Revolution on Art / Baroque Instrumental Music Chapter 23: Absolute Power and the Aristocratic Style The Aristocratic Style in France / The Aristocratic Portrait / The Aristocratic Style in Europe / Music and Dance at the Court of Louis XIV / Neoclassicism and French Literature / 4.12 From la Rochefoucauld: Maxims / 4.13 From Moliere: Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme / Absolute Power and the Aristocratic Style Beyond Europe / The Aristocratic Style in India / The Aristocratic Style in China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties / the Aristocratic Style in Japan Part II: The Age of Enlightenment Chapter 24: The Promise of Reason The Political Theories of Hobbes and Locke / 4.14 From Hobbes: Leviathan / 4.15 From Locke: Of Civil Government / 4.16 From Jefferson: Declaration of Independence / Adam Smith and the Birth of Economic Theory / 4.17 From Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations / The Philosophes / 4.18 From the Encyclopedie / The Crusade for Progress / 4.19 From Condorcet: Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind / The Journalistic Essay and the Birth of the Modern Novel / Pope: Poet of the Age of Reason / 4.20 From Pope: Essay on Man Chapter 25: The Limits of Reason The Transatlantic Slave Trade / 4.21 From Equiano: Travels / Satire: Weapon of the Enlightenment / 4.22 From Swift: A Modest Proposal / 4.23 From Voltaire: Candide / 4.24 From Li Ruzhen: Flowers in the Mirror / Rousseau: Revolt Against Reason / 4.25 From Rousseau: Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Men / Kant: Mind/World Revolution / The Revolution of the Late Eighteenth Century Chapter 26: Eighteenth-Century Art, Music, and Society The Rococo Style / Eighteenth-Century French Genre Painting / Eighteenth-Century Neoclassicism / Eighteenth-Century Western Music
A precise and reliable train positioning system and its use for automation of train operation

For train positioning purposes, modern train control systems usually use a mix of on-board sensors providing relative measurements (like odometer) and infrastructure equipment (such as balises) for absolute positioning. In order to overcome the disadvantages of fixed installations for positioning along the track, a modular on-board positioning system based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is being developed in the German national research project PiLoNav. GNSS receivers provide absolute positioning information, whenever satellite signals are available. The measurement accuracy can be augmented using relative positioning with respect to a reference station, e.g. with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) algorithms. Additional on-board sensors are integrated into a multi-sensor framework and can be used to increase both accuracy and reliability of the position information. Alternative sensor configurations can be examined within this framework in order to identify a solution for a cost-efficient positioning system which delivers values with high accuracy and reliability. The obtained positioning information will be provided to different applications on-board with the aim to increase the level of automation in different train driving tasks.
AMC: an adaptive multi-level cache algorithm in hybrid storage systems

Hybrid storage systems that consist of flash-based solid state drives (SSDs) and traditional disks are now widely used. In hybrid storage systems, there exists a two-level cache hierarchy that regard dynamic random access memory (DRAM) as the first level cache and SSD as the second level cache for disk storage. However, this two-level cache hierarchy typically uses independent cache replacement policies for each level, which makes cache resource management inefficient and reduces system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive multi-level cache (AMC) replacement algorithm in hybrid storage systems. The AMC algorithm adaptively adjusts cache blocks between DRAM and SSD cache levels using an integrated solution. AMC uses combined selective promote and demote operations to dynamically determine the level in which the blocks are to be cached. In this manner, the AMC algorithm achieves multi-level cache exclusiveness and makes cache resource management more efficient. By using real-life storage traces, our evaluation shows the proposed algorithm improves hybrid multi-level cache performance and also increases the SSD lifetime compared with traditional multi-level cache replacement algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse mathematics and Ramsey's property for trees

We show, relative to the base theory RCAo: A nontrivial tree satisfies Ramsey's Theorem only if it is biembeddable with the complete binary tree. There is a class of partial orderings for which Ramsey's Theorem for pairs is equivalent to ACAo. Ramsey's Theorem for singletons for the complete binary tree is stronger than %, hence stronger than Ramsey's Theorem for singletons for . These results lead to extensions of results, or answers to questions, of Chubb, Hirst, and McNicholl [3]. ?
EXAMINATION OF CRASH CONTRIBUTING FACTORS USING NATIONAL CRASH DATABASES

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