LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of imiquimod: an adjunct to treating cervical dysplasia.

OBJECTIVES
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer. Imiquimod is a topical medication that enhances the immune response to HPV-induced genital warts. This study evaluated cervical application of imiquimod as an adjunct to standard treatment for cervical dysplasia.


STUDY DESIGN
Fifty-six patients were randomized to standard excisional/ablative treatment vs applications of imiquimod followed by standard treatment. The primary endpoint was dysplasia recurrence within 2 years.


RESULTS
There were no differences in dysplasia recurrence between the 2 groups. Treatment was well tolerated, with side effects being mild but significantly worse in women receiving imiquimod for, chills, fatigue, fever, headache, myalgias, and vaginal discharge.


CONCLUSION
This trial does not support the hypothesis that imiquimod, as used in this trial, has an impact on recurrence of cervical dysplasia, but the adequacy of findings are limited by sample size. The trial does support the feasibility and acceptability of the use of imiquimod on the cervix.
Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up.


METHODS
From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P = .09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94; P = .03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8; P < .001).


CONCLUSION
Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
Optimization issues in mapping AUTOSAR components to distributed multithreaded implementations

AUTOSAR is a component-based modeling language and development framework for automotive embedded systems. Component-to-ECU mapping is conventionally done manually and empirically. As the number of components and ECUs in vehicles systems grows rapidly, it becomes infeasible to find optimal solutions by hand. We address some design issues involved in mapping an AUTOSAR model to a distributed hardware platform with multiple ECUs connected by a bus, each ECU running a real-time operating system. We present algorithms for extracting connectivity between ports of atomic software components from an AUTOSAR model and for calculating blocking times of all tasks of a taskset scheduled by PCP. We then address optimization issues in mapping AUTOSAR components (SWCs) to distributed multithreaded implementations. We formulate and solve two optimization problems: map SWCs to ECUs with the objective of minimizing the bus load; for a given SWC-to-ECU mapping, map runnable entities on each ECU to OS tasks and assign data consistency mechanism to each shared data item to minimize memory size requirement on each ECU while guaranteeing schedulability of tasksets on all ECUs.
Anatomical guidelines for miniscrew insertion: palatal sites.

A previous Overview described suitable sites for vestibular miniscrew insertion.1 Although these locations are commonly used in orthodontic applications because of their ease of access, the interradicular spaces are limited by the proximity of neighboring roots (Fig. 1), presenting the following problems: • Risk of damaging the roots or the periodontium. • Possibility of miniscrew-root contact resulting in early screw failure. • Risk of screw fracture during placement, due to the narrower miniscrew dimensions needed for interradicular positions. • A loss rate as high as 25%.2 These risk factors can be avoided by using “rootless areas” such as the hard palate, the maxillary tuberosity, or the portions of the zygomatic arches adjacent to the maxilla. The tuberosity cannot be regarded as entirely safe, since unerupted third molars or thick layers of gingiva may prevent successful insertion3 (Fig. 2). Insertion into the inferior portion of the zygomatic arch carries the risk of perforating the maxillary sinus.4 Therefore, the only safe alternatives to buccal miniscrew placement are in the palate. In the mandible, where lingual screw insertion is associated with higher loss rates,5 the mentalis region is better suited for miniscrews and miniplates.6 In the maxilla, the hard palate appears to be an ideal insertion site. While the anterior palate definitely offers sufficient bone, consensus has yet to be reached regarding the minimal amount of bone required to avoid penetration into neighboring anatomical structures. Liou and colleagues suggested 2mm,7 Poggio and colleagues
EAU guidelines on assessment and nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence.

CONTEXT
The previous European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on urinary incontinence comprised a summary of sections of the 2009 International Consultation on Incontinence. A decision was made in 2010 to rewrite these guidelines based on an independent systematic review carried out by the EAU guidelines panel, using a sustainable methodology.


OBJECTIVE
We present a short version of the full guidelines on assessment, diagnosis, and nonsurgical treatment of urinary incontinence, with the aim of increasing their dissemination.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Evidence appraisal included a pragmatic review of existing systematic reviews and independent new literature searches, based on Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions. Appraisal of papers was carried out by an international panel of experts, who also collaborated on a series of consensus discussions, to develop concise structured evidence summaries and action-based recommendations using a modified Oxford system.


EVIDENCE SUMMARY
The full version of the guidelines is available online (http://www.uroweb.org/guidelines/online-guidelines/). The guidelines include algorithms that refer the reader back to the supporting evidence, and they are more immediately useable in daily clinical practice.


CONCLUSIONS
These new guidelines present an up-to-date summary of the available evidence, together with clear clinical algorithms and action-based recommendations based on the best available evidence. Where such evidence does not exist, they present a consensus of expert opinion.
Metabolic Syndrome Patient Compliance with Drug Treatment

OBJECTIVES
1) To evaluate the compliance with drug treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine association between access to and use of medicines, as well as the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and compliance.


INTRODUCTION
Low compliance has been one of the greatest challenges for the successful treatment of chronic diseases. Although this issue has been widely studied in patients with isolated hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, compliance studies involving patients with these concomitant diseases or with metabolic syndrome diagnosis are scarce.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study involving patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria. Patients were being treated in a Health-Medical School Center bound to the Public Brazilian Healthcare System. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was characterized by analyzing medical records and Phase II involved interviewing the patients. A variation of the Morisky-Green Test was used to evaluate compliance. Compliance was the dependent variable and the independent variables included access to medicines, the use of medicines and the level of knowledge concerning cardiovascular risk factors.


RESULTS
Two hundred and forty-three patients were identified as being eligible for Phase II, and 75 were included in the study. The average level of compliance was 5.44 points (standard deviation of 0.68), on a scale ranging from 1.00 to 6.00 points. There was no statistically meaningful association between independent variables and compliance. The level of patient knowledge of diet and dyslipidemia was considered to be low.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients involved in this study exhibited a high level of compliance with drug treatment. Further research is needed to better elucidate the compliance behavior of patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
Structural Basis of the Interaction of a Trypanosoma cruzi Surface Molecule Implicated in Oral Infection with Host Cells and Gastric Mucin

Host cell invasion and dissemination within the host are hallmarks of virulence for many pathogenic microorganisms. As concerns Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease, the insect vector-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) initiate infection by invading host cells, and later blood trypomastigotes disseminate to diverse organs and tissues. Studies with MT generated in vitro and tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT), as counterparts of insect-borne and bloodstream parasites, have implicated members of the gp85/trans-sialidase superfamily, MT gp82 and TCT Tc85-11, in cell invasion and interaction with host factors. Here we analyzed the gp82 structure/function characteristics and compared them with those previously reported for Tc85-11. One of the gp82 sequences identified as a cell binding site consisted of an α-helix, which connects the N-terminal β-propeller domain to the C-terminal β-sandwich domain where the second binding site is nested. In the gp82 structure model, both sites were exposed at the surface. Unlike gp82, the Tc85-11 cell adhesion sites are located in the N-terminal β-propeller region. The gp82 sequence corresponding to the epitope for a monoclonal antibody that inhibits MT entry into target cells was exposed on the surface, upstream and contiguous to the α-helix. Located downstream and close to the α-helix was the gp82 gastric mucin binding site, which plays a central role in oral T. cruzi infection. The sequences equivalent to Tc85-11 laminin-binding sites, which have been associated with the parasite ability to overcome extracellular matrices and basal laminae, was poorly conserved in gp82, compatible with its reduced capacity to bind laminin. Our study indicates that gp82 is structurally suited for MT to initiate infection by the oral route, whereas Tc85-11, with its affinity for laminin, would facilitate the parasite dissemination through diverse organs and tissues.
Clinical risk assessment of organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research group database.

BACKGROUND
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, which is classified into a diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) and a limited cutaneous (lcSSc) subset according to the skin involvement. In order to better understand the vascular, immunological and fibrotic processes of SSc and to guide its treatment, the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research (EUSTAR) group was formed in June 2004.


AIMS AND METHODS
EUSTAR collects prospectively the Minimal Essential Data Set (MEDS) on all sequential patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria in participating centres. We aimed to characterise demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of disease presentation in SSc and analysed EUSTAR baseline visits.


RESULTS
In April 2006, a total of 3656 patients (1349 with dcSSc and 2101 with lcSSc) were enrolled in 102 centres and 30 countries. 1330 individuals had autoantibodies against Scl70 and 1106 against anticentromere antibodies. 87% of patients were women. On multivariate analysis, scleroderma subsets (dcSSc vs lcSSc), antibody status and age at onset of Raynaud's phenomenon, but not gender, were found to be independently associated with the prevalence of organ manifestations. Autoantibody status in this analysis was more closely associated with clinical manifestations than were SSc subsets.


CONCLUSION
dcSSc and lcSSc subsets are associated with particular organ manifestations, but in this analysis the clinical distinction seemed to be superseded by an antibody-based classification in predicting some scleroderma complications. The EUSTAR MEDS database facilitates the analysis of clinical patterns in SSc, and contributes to the standardised assessment and monitoring of SSc internationally.
Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND
Mortality among patients admitted to hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is high. Based on recent scientific evidence with a main goal of improving survival, we introduced and implemented a standardised post resuscitation protocol focusing on vital organ function including therapeutic hypothermia, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), control of haemodynamics, blood glucose, ventilation and seizures.


METHODS
All patients with OHCA of cardiac aetiology admitted to the ICU from September 2003 to May 2005 (intervention period) were included in a prospective, observational study and compared to controls from February 1996 to February 1998.


RESULTS
In the control period 15/58 (26%) survived to hospital discharge with a favourable neurological outcome versus 34 of 61 (56%) in the intervention period (OR 3.61, CI 1.66-7.84, p=0.001). All survivors with a favourable neurological outcome in both groups were still alive 1 year after discharge. Two patients from the control period were revascularised with thrombolytics versus 30 (49%) receiving PCI treatment in the intervention period (47 patients (77%) underwent cardiac angiography). Therapeutic hypothermia was not used in the control period, but 40 of 52 (77%) comatose patients received this treatment in the intervention period.


CONCLUSIONS
Discharge rate from hospital, neurological outcome and 1-year survival improved after standardisation of post resuscitation care. Based on a multivariate logistic analysis, hospital treatment in the intervention period was the most important independent predictor of survival.
Fake News Pattern Recognition using Linguistic Analysis

In the wake of the 2016 US Presidential Election, the upsurge of fake news has been a subject of increased discussion and debate. In this paper, we propose a general framework that can been adopted in future elections worldwide to augment humans in making better decisions when it comes to recognizing news deception and identifying hidden bias of the author. For our study, we constructed a dataset comprising 200 tweets on "Hilary Clinton", while performing veracity assessment. We initially perform "text normalization" on tweets, explore techniques for feature extraction to classify news into categories, perform a comprehensive linguistic analysis on tweets, extract bag-of-words to find noticeable pattern, and finally apply k-nearest neighbor algorithm for classifying polarized news from credible. We later turn to some popular evaluation metrics to quantify the success rate of our framework, discuss the results of implementing knn algorithm and discuss interconnected research domains and future research directions for constructing an ideal model for fake news detection system around social media.
An Improved Collaborative Movie Recommendation system using Computational Intelligence

Recommendation systems have become prevalent in recent years as they dealing with the information overload problem by suggesting users the most relevant products from a massive amount of data. For media product, online collaborative movie recommendations make attempts to assist users to access their preferred movies by capturing precisely similar neighbors among users or movies from their historical common ratings. However, due to the data sparsely, neighbor selecting is getting more difficult with the fast increasing of movies and users. In this paper, a hybrid model-based movie recommendation system which utilizes the improved K-means clustering coupled with genetic algorithms (GA) to partition transformed user space is proposed. It employs principal component analysis (PCA) data reduction technique to dense the movie population space which could reduce the computation complexity in intelligent movie recommendation as well. The experiment results on Movielens dataset indicate that the proposed approach can provide high performance in terms of accuracy, and generate more reliable and personalized movie recommendations when compared with the existing methods. Keywords—Movie recommendation, Collaborative filtering, Sparsity data, Genetic algorithms, K-means
Frailty models: Applications to biomedical and genetic studies.

In survival analysis, frailty models are potential choices for modeling unexplained heterogeneity in a population. This tutorial presents an overview and general framework of frailty modeling and estimation for multiplicative hazards models in the context of biomedical and genetic studies. Other topics in frailty models, such as diagnostic methods for model adequacy and inference in frailty models, are also discussed. Examples of analyses using multivariate frailty models in a non-parametric hazards setting on biomedical datasets are provided, and the implications of choosing to use frailty and relevance to genetic applications are discussed.
Natural Language Processing in Oncology: A Review.

IMPORTANCE
Natural language processing (NLP) has the potential to accelerate translation of cancer treatments from the laboratory to the clinic and will be a powerful tool in the era of personalized medicine. This technology can harvest important clinical variables trapped in the free-text narratives within electronic medical records.


OBSERVATIONS
Natural language processing can be used as a tool for oncological evidence-based research and quality improvement. Oncologists interested in applying NLP for clinical research can play pivotal roles in building NLP systems and, in doing so, contribute to both oncological and clinical NLP research. Herein, we provide an introduction to NLP and its potential applications in oncology, a description of specific tools available, and a review on the state of the current technology with respect to cancer case identification, staging, and outcomes quantification.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
More automated means of leveraging unstructured data from daily clinical practice is crucial as therapeutic options and access to individual-level health information increase. Research-minded oncologists may push the avenues of evidence-based research by taking advantage of the new technologies available with clinical NLP. As continued progress is made with applying NLP toward oncological research, incremental gains will lead to large impacts, building a cost-effective infrastructure for advancing cancer care.
Does skilled migration foster innovative performance? Evidence from British local areas

What is the effect of an increase in the stock of human capital due to skilled immigration on the innovative performance of recipient economies? Combining firm-level micro-data with area-level labour force information, this paper investigates the impact of skilled international migration inflows on firms’ product and process innovation in British local labour market areas. The paper supports the evidence in favour of a causal link between immigration and innovation. Results also show that the nature of the innovative process and the typology of innovative activities performed by local firms play a key role in the relation between immigration and innovation. JEL classification: J61, O15, O31
A comparative review of camera calibrating methods with accuracy evaluation

Camera calibrating is a crucial problem for further metric scene measurement. Many techniques and some studies concerning calibration have been presented in the last few years. However, it is still di1cult to go into details of a determined calibrating technique and compare its accuracy with respect to other methods. Principally, this problem emerges from the lack of a standardized notation and the existence of various methods of accuracy evaluation to choose from. This article presents a detailed review of some of the most used calibrating techniques in which the principal idea has been to present them all with the same notation. Furthermore, the techniques surveyed have been tested and their accuracy evaluated. Comparative results are shown and discussed in the article. Moreover, code and results are available in internet. ? 2002 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Automation for On-Road Vehicles: Use Cases and Requirements for Radio Design

The support of mission-critical communication (MCC) opens the possibility to implement a broad range of novel applications. V2X communication for traffic safety and automation is, among others, one of these innovative applications expected to bring big benefits to society: accidents are prevented, driving times are reduced, and carbon dioxide is saved. In this regard, we first present a system model and fundamental definitions of reliability, latency and availability. Relying on these definitions, a systematic review of requirements for the huge variety of V2X applications is provided, including insights into the expected evolution towards autonomous driving. The many challenges introduced by V2X use cases are emphasized and compared to today's wireless system capabilities. Finally, we give our vision on the design of future radio technologies for the support of this kind of communications.