LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Marginal Mandibular Versus Pseudo-Marginal Mandibular Nerve Injury With Submandibular Deoxycholic Acid Injection.

Among adverse events reported in early studies of deoxycholic acid for submental fat reduction, transient asymmetric smile was observed in 2.1% to 4.3% of patients and was often attributed to injury of the marginal mandibular nerve. However, paralleling experience with superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS)–platysma face andneck rhytidectomy, deoxycholic acid treatment may also result in asymmetric smile due to injury to the cervical branch of the facial nerve, known as pseudo-marginal mandibular nerve injury, which can be differentiated based on physical examination maneuvers.
Physical examination tests for screening and diagnosis of cervicogenic headache: A systematic review.

It has been suggested that differential diagnosis of headaches should consist of a robust subjective examination and a detailed physical examination of the cervical spine. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a form of headache that involves referred pain from the neck. To our knowledge, no studies have summarized the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests for CGH. The aim of this study was to summarize the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests used to diagnose CGH. A systematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed in four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus). Full text reports concerning physical tests for the diagnosis of CGH which reported the clinometric properties for assessment of CGH, were included and screened for methodological quality. Quality Appraisal for Reliability Studies (QAREL) and Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) scores were completed to assess article quality. Eight articles were retrieved for quality assessment and data extraction. Studies investigating diagnostic reliability of physical examination tests for CGH scored poorer on methodological quality (higher risk of bias) than those of diagnostic accuracy. There is sufficient evidence showing high levels of reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the selected physical examination tests for the diagnosis of CGH. The cervical flexion-rotation test (CFRT) exhibited both the highest reliability and the strongest diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of CGH.
"Chaplains for Wellbeing" in Primary Care: A Qualitative Investigation of Their Perceived Impact for Patients' Health and Wellbeing.

Although Health Chaplaincy services are well-established in hospitals in the United Kingdom and across the world, Primary Care Chaplaincy is still in its infancy and much less extensively developed. This study explored the impact the introduction of a Primary Care "Chaplains for Wellbeing" service had upon patients' experience and perceived health and well-being. Sixteen patients participated in one-one interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Patients reported circumstances that had eroded perceived self-efficacy, self-identity, and security manifesting as existential displacement; summarized under the superordinate theme of "loss." "Loss" originated from a number of sources and was expressed as the loss of hope, self-confidence, self-efficacy, and sense of purpose and meaning. Chaplains used a wide range of strategies enabling patients to rebuild self-confidence and self-esteem. Person-centered, dignified, and responsive care offered in a supportive environment enabled patients to adapt and cope with existential displacement.
A Communicating Finite Automata Approach to Modeling Distributed Computation and Its Application to Distributed Decision-Making

A modeling technique for distributed computation based on a combination of directed graphs and finite automata is described. The paradigm of distributed decision-making (DDM) is used to illustrate the technique for its two primary purposes: providing a standard specification mechanism for different algorithms for solving the same problem and providing a common mechanism for objective quantitative evaluation and comparison of alternative DDM algorithms. This is accomplished through the definition of the terms performance and efficiency as they relate to the domain of DDM. The two terms, which have precise meanings with respect to the analysis of sequential algorithms, currently lack a common interpretation in the environment of DDM. In particular, they need to be expressed in terms of the information movement necessary to share state information. The method has been used extensively to conduct analyses of several distribution scheduling algorithms. This paper focuses on the model specification properties. >
CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND THE THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

Summary.— In offering what purport to be definitions of intelligence, psychologists do not always seem to have worked out what sense of the word ‘definition’ they have in mind. Six possible senses of the word ‘definition’ are here distinguished. Each sense is then discussed with special reference to the problem of defining intelligence. In the light of the distinctions made, the definitions of intelligence offered by Wechsler and Burt are critically examined from the point of view of methodology.
Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in older patients with head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND
In head and neck cancer, the locoregional failure of patients with positive margins, vascular or perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread is high and results in poor survival.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in improving treatment outcomes among older patients with head and neck cancer.


METHODS
Forty patients undergoing radical surgery (median age, 73.5 years [range, 70-78 years]) were enrolled (35 men and 5 women; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, grade 0-2). Disease sites included the oral cavity (10 patients), oropharynx (12 patients), hypopharynx (8 patients), and larynx (10 patients); pathological TNM classifications included T1 N2 (8 patients), T2 N1-2 (12 patients), T3 N0-2 (8 patients), and T4 N0-2 (12 patients), with the following poor prognostic factors: positive margins (6 patients), vascular invasion (14 patients), neural invasion (16 patients), and extracapsular spread (26 patients). All patients were treated with carboplatin (30 mg/m2 on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, and 5) concomitant with radiotherapy (54.0 Gy to all risk volumes plus 10.0 Gy to high-risk volumes; 5 daily fractions of 1.8 Gy each per week).


RESULTS
No grade 4 toxicity was observed. Grade 3 toxicity included mucositis (10 patients), neutropenia (6 patients), dermatitis (2 patients), and thrombocytopenia (1 patient). The radiotherapy dose administered was 52.0 Gy to all risk volumes plus 10.0 Gy to high-risk volumes. Thirty-two patients (80%) received 3 cycles, 6 (15%) received 2 cycles, and 2 (5%) received 1 cycle. Three-year survival was as follows: disease-free survival, 58%; overall survival, 64%; and local control, 79%.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be successful in fit older patients. The results of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were better than those observed in a comparable group treated with radiotherapy alone and were similar to those observed in a younger group with the same poor prognostic factors treated with adjuvant carboplatin plus radiotherapy.
Effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin and vildagliptin add-on to metformin in real-world settings in Egypt - results from the GUARD study.

OBJECTIVE
The GUARD study evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of vildagliptin treatment with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-life settings. Here we present the results of the GUARD study for the patient subset from Egypt.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a 24 ± 6 weeks, prospective, non-interventional study that enrolled adult patients with T2DM receiving vildagliptin or vildagliptin + metformin combination therapy as per local prescribing information.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary effectiveness endpoint was change in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 24 ± 6 endpoint. Safety was assessed by reporting of adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs).


RESULTS
Of 2786 patients enrolled from Egypt, 655 received vildagliptin and 2131 received vildagliptin + metformin. Overall, at baseline, mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age was 49.5 ± 9.49 years, BMI was 31.5 ± 4.85 kg/m2, HbA1c was 8.4 ± 0.86%, and duration of T2DM was 2.3 ± 3.78 years. At week 24, significant reductions in mean (±SD) HbA1c were observed in the vildagliptin (-1.47 ± 0.79%) and vildagliptin + metformin (-1.62 ± 0.82%) groups (both p < 0.0001) from baseline HbA1c of 8.1% and 8.4%, respectively. At week 24, 67.5% patients in the vildagliptin group and 60.5% in the vildagliptin + metformin group achieved HbA1c ≤7.0%. Treatment with vildagliptin (± metformin) was well tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia in both groups (vildagliptin, 0.5%; vildagliptin + metformin, 0.6%). No SAEs or deaths were reported in the vildagliptin group; however, 0.2% of patients experienced SAEs and one death (accidental death) was reported in the vildagliptin + metformin group.


CONCLUSION
In a real-world setting, vildagliptin, with or without metformin, resulted in significant reductions in HbA1c and was well tolerated in patients with T2DM from Egypt. Limitations of the study include non-randomization and the open-label, observational nature of the study.
International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance

Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine supplementation and sport performance is summarized by the following seven points: 1.) Caffeine is effective for enhancing sport performance in trained athletes when consumed in low-to-moderate dosages (~3-6 mg/kg) and overall does not result in further enhancement in performance when consumed in higher dosages (>/= 9 mg/kg). 2.) Caffeine exerts a greater ergogenic effect when consumed in an anhydrous state as compared to coffee. 3.) It has been shown that caffeine can enhance vigilance during bouts of extended exhaustive exercise, as well as periods of sustained sleep deprivation. 4.) Caffeine is ergogenic for sustained maximal endurance exercise, and has been shown to be highly effective for time-trial performance. 5.) Caffeine supplementation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise, including team sports such as soccer and rugby, both of which are categorized by intermittent activity within a period of prolonged duration. 6.) The literature is equivocal when considering the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance, and additional research in this area is warranted. 7.) The scientific literature does not support caffeine-induced diuresis during exercise, or any harmful change in fluid balance that would negatively affect performance.
Serum lutein concentrations in healthy term infants fed human milk or infant formula with lutein

BACKGROUND
Lutein is a carotenoid that may play a role in eye health. Human milk typically contains higher concentrations of lutein than infant formula. Preliminary data suggest there are differences in serum lutein concentrations between breastfed and formula-fed infants.


AIM OF THE STUDY
To measure the serum lutein concentrations among infants fed human milk or formulas with and without added lutein.


METHODS
A prospective, double-masked trial was conducted in healthy term formula-fed infants (n = 26) randomized between 9 and 16 days of age to study formulas containing 20 (unfortified), 45, 120, and 225 mcg/l of lutein. A breastfed reference group was studied (n = 14) and milk samples were collected from their mothers. Primary outcome was serum lutein concentration at week 12.


RESULTS
Geometric mean lutein concentration of human milk was 21.1 mcg/l (95% CI 14.9-30.0). At week 12, the human milk group had a sixfold higher geometric mean serum lutein (69.3 mcg/l; 95% CI 40.3-119) than the unfortified formula group (11.3 mcg/l; 95% CI 8.1-15.8). Mean serum lutein increased from baseline in each formula group except the unfortified group. Linear regression equation indicated breastfed infants had a greater increase in serum lutein (slope 3.7; P < 0.001) per unit increase in milk lutein than formula-fed infants (slope 0.9; P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Breastfed infants have higher mean serum lutein concentrations than infants who consume formula unfortified with lutein. These data suggest approximately 4 times more lutein is needed in infant formula than in human milk to achieve similar serum lutein concentrations among breastfed and formula fed infants.
Glycaemic Control and Associated Self-Management Behaviours in Diabetic Outpatients: A Hospital Based Observation Study in Lusaka, Zambia

BACKGROUND
The control of diabetes mellitus depends on several factors that also include individual lifestyles. We assessed glycaemic control status and self-management behaviours that may influence glycaemic control among diabetic outpatients.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study among 198 consenting randomly selected patients was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital diabetic clinic between September and December 2013 in Lusaka, Zambia. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, self-management behaviours, and laboratory measurements. Binary logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 was carried out to predict behaviours that were associated with glycaemic control status.


RESULTS
The proportion of patients that had good glycaemic control status (HbA1c≤ 48 mmol/mol) was 38.7% compared to 61.3% that had poor glycaemic control status (HbA1c≥ 49 mmol/mol). Adherence to antidiabetic treatment and fasting plasma glucose predicted glycaemic control status of the patients. However, self-blood glucose monitoring, self-blood glucose monitoring means and exercise did not predict glycaemic control status of the patients.


CONCLUSION
We find evidence of poor glycaemic control status among most diabetic patients suggesting that health promotion messages need to take into account both individual and community factors to promote behaviours likely to reduce nonadherence.
Information systems strategizing, organizational sub-communities, and the emergence of a sustainability strategy

The realized strategy contents of information systems (IS) strategizing are a result of both deliberate and emergent patterns of action. In this paper, we focus on emergent patterns of action by studying the formation of strategies that build on local technology-mediated practices. This is done through case study research of the emergence of a sustainability strategy at a European automaker. Studying the practices of four organizational sub-communities, we develop a process perspective of sub-communities’ activity-based production of strategy contents. The process model explains the contextual conditions that make subcommunities initiate SI strategy contents production, the activity-based process of strategy contents production, and the IS strategy outcome. The process model, which draws on Jarzabkowski’s strategy-as-practice lens and Mintzberg’s strategy typology, contributes to the growing IS strategizing literature that examines local practices in IS efforts of strategic importance. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Toward Detection of Unsafe Driving with Wearables

This paper explores the potential for wearable devices to identify driving activities and unsafe driving, without relying on information or sensors in the vehicle. In particular, we study how wrist-mounted inertial sensors such as those in smart watches and fitness trackers, can track steering wheel usage and inputs. Identifying steering wheel usage helps mobile device detect driving and reduce distractions. Tracking steering wheel turning angles can improve vehicle motion tracking by mobile devices and help identify unsafe driving. The approach relies on motion features that allow distinguishing steering from other confounding hand movements. Once steering wheel usage is detected, it also use wrist rotation measurements to infer steering wheel turning angles. Our preliminary experiments show that the technique is 98.9% accurate in detecting driving and can estimate turning angles with average error within two degrees.
Analysing a cycling grand tour: Can we monitor fatigue with intensity or load ratios?

This study evaluated the changes in ratios of different intensity (rating of perceived exertion; RPE, heart rate; HR, power output; PO) and load measures (session-RPE; sRPE, individualized TRIMP; iTRIMP, Training Stress Score™; TSS) in professional cyclists. RPE, PO and HR data was collected from twelve professional cyclists (VO2max 75 ± 6 ml∙min∙kg-1) during a two-week baseline training period and during two cycling Grand Tours. Subjective:objective intensity (RPE:HR, RPE:PO) and load (sRPE:iTRIMP, sRPE:TSS) ratios and external:internal intensity (PO:HR) and load (TSS:iTRIMP) ratios were calculated for every session. Moderate to large increases in the RPE:HR, RPE:PO and sRPE:TSS ratios (d = 0.79-1.79) and small increases in the PO:HR and sRPE:iTRIMP ratio (d = 0.21-0.41) were observed during Grand Tours compared to baseline training data. Differences in the TSS:iTRIMP ratio were trivial to small (d = 0.03-0.27). Small to moderate week-to-week changes (d = 0.21-0.63) in the PO:HR, RPE:PO, RPE:HR, TSS:iTRIMP, sRPE:iTRIMP and sRPE:TSS were observed during the Grand Tour. Concluding, this study shows the value of using ratios of intensity and load measures in monitoring cyclists. Increases in ratios could reflect progressive fatigue that is not readily detected by changes in solitary intensity/load measures.
Adult adipose-derived stem cells and breast cancer: a controversial relationship

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and autologous fat grafting is an important clinical application in treatment of post-surgical deformities. The simplicity of fat grafting procedures and the absence of subsequent visible scar prompted an increasing interest for this technique. The plasticity of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) obtained from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adult adipose tissue provided exciting perspectives for regenerative medicine and surgery. The recent discovery that SVF/ASC enrichment further ameliorates clinical efficacy of grafting ASCs suggest as ASC-mediated new adipogenesis and vasculogenesis. ASC adipogenic differentiation involves Akt activity and EGFRs, FGFRs, ERbB2 receptor-mediated pathways that also play a pivotal role in the regulation of breast cancer growth. Moreover, the finding that platelet-derived growth factors and hormones improved long-term maintenance of fat grafting raises new concerns for their use during breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. However, it remains unclear whether grafted or resident ASCs may increase the risk of de novo cancer development or recurrence. Preliminary follow-up studies seem to support the efficacy and safety of SVF/ASCs enrichment and the additional benefit from the combined use of autologous platelet-derived growth factors and hormones during breast reconstruction procedures. In the present review we highlighted the complex interplay between resident or grafted ASCs, mature adipocytes, dormant or active breast cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Actually, data concerning the permissive role of ASCs on breast cancer progression are contrasting, although no clear evidence speaking against their use exists.
Clinical observations and treatment of pediatric homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia due to a low-density lipoprotein receptor defect.

BACKGROUND
Clinical observation and treatment of children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) has rarely been reported. We report clinical observations and treatment of 10 ethnic Chinese children with HoFH due to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) defect.


OBJECTIVES
In children with HoFH, we evaluated the response to conventional cholesterol-lowering drug therapy and performed LDLR gene analysis.


METHODS
A retrospective review of lipid profile changes in pediatric patients diagnosed with HoFH seen in our pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic was performed. HoFH was diagnosed by molecular study of these patients and their parents.


RESULTS
One novel (c.64del G) and 12 known mutations were found in the LDLR gene. Mutation of p.C308Y was the most common and was found in 26% of the studied alleles.Seven patients had fair responses to conventional drug therapy (high-dose statin with ezetimibe) with a reduction of 50% or more of the total cholesterol levels. The low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of three patients decreased to lower than 160 mg/dL. One who had a good response to conventional drug therapy developed significant atheromatous plaques (largest plaque: 7.4 × 2.7 cm) in the extracranial carotid arteries and myocardial ischemia changes at 11 years old.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that despite aggressive therapy, many patients are not well controlled; atherosclerosis may progress, and novel therapies are required.
Language-experience facilitates discrimination of /d-/ in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English

To trace how age and language experience shape the discrimination of native and non-native phonetic contrasts, we compared 4-year-olds learning either English or French or both and simultaneous bilingual adults on their ability to discriminate the English /d-th/ contrast. Findings show that the ability to discriminate the native English contrast improved with age. However, in the absence of experience with this contrast, discrimination of French children and adults remained unchanged during development. Furthermore, although simultaneous bilingual and monolingual English adults were comparable, children exposed to both English and French were poorer at discriminating this contrast when compared to monolingual English-learning 4-year-olds. Thus, language experience facilitates perception of the English /d-th/ contrast and this facilitation occurs later in development when English and French are acquired simultaneously. The difference between bilingual and monolingual acquisition has implications for language organization in children with simultaneous exposure.
Learning in a Small, Task-Oriented, Connectivist MOOC: Pedagogical Issues and Implications for Higher Education.

Despite the increase in massive open online courses (MOOCs), evidence about the pedagogy of learning in MOOCs remains limited. This paper reports on an investigation into the pedagogy in one MOOC Oxford Brookes University’s ‘First Steps in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education’ MOOC (FSLT12). FSLT12 was an open and free professional development opportunity for people moving into HE teaching. It was a small course (200 participants registered from 24 countries) which was focused on introducing HE teaching skills, and, uniquely, to deliberately integrate open academic practice as a vital part of professional development for HE teachers. A qualitative, case-study approach was used in the research, based on surveys, interviews, and social media, to provide evidence about how people learned in this course and consider wider implications for teaching and learning in higher education. The evidence shows that participants who completed the course were able to learn autonomously and navigate the distributed platforms and environments. The most challenging issues were acceptance of open academic practice and difficulty in establishing an academic identity in an unpredictable virtual environment. An interesting and significant feature of the course was the support for learners from a number of MOOC ‘veterans’ who served as role models and guides for less experienced MOOC learners. The research shows that small task-oriented MOOCs can effectively support professional development of open academic practice.