LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
[A prospective trial comparing consecutive series of open retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a centre: Oncologic and functional outcomes].

OBJECTIVE
Radical prostatectomy (RP) is an oncologic and functional challenge. Few series compare prospectively the two approaches, open retropubic (ORP) and laparoscopic robot-assisted RP (LRARP). The objective was to compare the oncological and functional results of ORP and LRARP.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
From January 2009 to March 2012, two practiced surgeons conducted 304 consecutive RP: respectively 129 ORP and 175 LRARP. Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data (location and size of positive surgical margins [PSM]) were recorded prospectively and compared with oncological results (PSM, biochemical recurrence-free survival [BCR]) and functional outcomes (urinary and erectile) by self-validated questionnaires (USP, IIEF-15). The comparison was made by the Chi(2) test and Student t-test for qualitative and quantitative variables.


RESULTS
The preoperative data 2 groups were comparable. MCP rate was 13.2% for the ORP and 20% for the LRARP (ns) and was 1.4% and 29.6% (ORP) versus 9.4% and 36.7% (LRARP) for pT2 and pT3 for respectively (P=0.078). BCR was the same in both groups (95.2% at 13.1 months). At 12 months, the results of continence showed no difference (P=0.49) and about erectile function, the EF-score was significantly higher in LRARP: 22 versus 17 for the ORP (P=0.03).


CONCLUSION
Oncological results were comparable after ORP and LRARP. The recovery of continence was excellent regardless of the surgical technique, the recovery of erectile function a bit faster by LRARP.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on N 2 fixation rates and nifH gene community patterns in mangrove sediments

The bioavailability of nutrients in sediments is one of the most important factors controlling ecological and physiological processes in the mangrove ecosystem (Alongi et al. 2002; Feller et al. 2002; Cheeseman & Lovelock 2004; Krauss et al. 2008). Although mangroves are highly productive, they are generally nutrient-deficient, relying on microbial and plant cycling processes for nutrients (Holguin et al. 2001; Feller et al. 2002; Reef et al. 2010). Anthropogenic activity in coastal areas can largely affect mangroves by external inputs of nutrients, causing negative changes in forest development and sediment geochemistry (Reef et al. 2010). The biological fixation of nitrogen is an important source for ‘new’ nitrogen in oligotrophic mangrove forests (Capone 1988; Lee & Joye 2006; Purvaja et al. 2008). Free-living diazotrophs are widely distributed within the
Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of hypotaurine in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain

Hypotaurine is an intermediate in taurine biosynthesis from cysteine in astrocytes. Although hypotaurine functions as an antioxidant and organic osmolyte, its physiological role in the central nervous system remains unclear. This study used behavioral assessments to determine whether hypotaurine influenced nociceptive transmission in acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. The tail flick, paw pressure, and formalin tests were performed in male Sprague–Dawley rats to examine the effects of the intrathecal administration of hypotaurine (100, 200, 400, 600 μg) on thermal, mechanical, and chemical nociception. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve was induced in the rats, and the electronic von Frey test and plantar test were performed to assess the effects on neuropathic pain. To determine which neurotransmitter pathway(s) was involved in the action of hypotaurine, in this study, we examined how the antagonists of spinal pain processing receptors altered the effect of 600 μg hypotaurine. To explore whether hypotaurine affected motor performance, the Rotarod test was conducted. Hypotaurine had antinociceptive effects on thermal, mechanical, and chemical nociception in the spinal cord. In CCI rats, hypotaurine alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. These effects were reversed completely by pretreatment with an intrathecal injection of strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist. Conversely, hypotaurine did not affect motor performance. This study demonstrated that intrathecal hypotaurine suppressed acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. Hypotaurine may regulate nociceptive transmission physiologically by activating glycinergic neurons in the spinal cord, and it is a promising candidate for treating various pain states.
The positive and generalized discriminators don't exist

In this paper it is proved that there does not exist a function for the language of positive and generalized conditional terms that behaves the same as the discriminator for the language of conditional terms.
In the Shadow of Schumpeter: W. Rupert Maclaurin and the Study of Technological Innovation

J. Schumpeter is a key figure, even a seminal one, on technological innovation. Most economists who study technological innovation refer to Schumpeter and his pioneering role in introducing innovation into economic studies. However, despite having brought forth the concept of innovation in economic theory, Schumpeter provided few if any analyses of the process of innovation itself. This paper suggests that the origin of systematic studies on technological innovation owes its existence to the economist W. Rupert Maclaurin from MIT. In the 1940s and 1950s, Maclaurin developed Schumpeter’s ideas, analyzing technological innovation as a process composed of several stages or steps, and proposed a theory of technological innovation, later called the linear model of innovation. The paper also argues that Maclaurin constructed one of the first taxonomies for measuring technological innovation.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Key Management Framework

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), defined in RFC 3748, enables extensible network access authentication. This document specifies the EAP key hierarchy and provides a framework for the transport and usage of keying material and parameters generated by EAP authentication algorithms, known as "methods". It also provides a detailed system-level security analysis, describing the conditions under which the key management guidelines described in RFC 4962 can be satisfied.
Exercise and recovery metabolism in the pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

We examined the effects of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise recovery on white muscle substrate depletion and metabolite distribution between white muscle and blood plasma in the Pacific spiny dogfish, both in vivo and in an electrically stimulated perfused tail-trunk preparation. Measurements of arterial-venous lactate, total ammonia, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and l-alanine concentrations in the perfused tail-trunk assessed white muscle metabolite fluxes. Exhaustive exercise was fuelled primarily by creatine phosphate hydrolysis and glycolysis as indicated by 62, 71, and 85% decreases in ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen, respectively. White muscle lactate production during exercise caused a sustained increase (~12 h post-exercise) in plasma lactate load and a short-lived increase (~4 h post-exercise) in plasma metabolic acid load during recovery. Exhaustive exercise and recovery did not affect arterial PO2, PCO2, or PNH3 but the metabolic acidosis caused a decrease in arterial HCO3 − immediately after exercise and during the first 8 h recovery. During recovery, lactate was retained in the white muscle at higher concentrations than in the plasma despite increased lactate efflux from the muscle. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was very low in dogfish white muscle at rest and during recovery (0.53±0.15 nmol g wet tissue−1 min−1; n=40) indicating that lactate oxidation is not the major fate of lactate during post-exercise recovery. The lack of change in white muscle free-carnitine and variable changes in short-chain fatty acyl-carnitine suggest that dogfish white muscle does not rely on lipid oxidation to fuel exhaustive exercise or recovery. These findings support the notion that extrahepatic tissues cannot utilize fatty acids as an oxidative fuel. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that ketone body oxidation is important in fuelling recovery metabolism in dogfish white muscle and at least 20% of the ATP required for recovery could be supplied by uptake and oxidation of β-hydroxybutyrate from the plasma.
Current treatment practices of venous thromboembolism in children admitted to pediatric intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE
To describe current treatment practices of VTE in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and compare these practices to published guidelines.


BACKGROUND
While the incidence of VTE is increasing, current treatment practices of VTE in patients admitted to PICUs are not known.


METHODS
This multicenter, prospective, observational study enrolled patients with confirmed VTE admitted to 11 PICUs over a rolling 6-month study period. Treatment data were collected and analyzed.


RESULTS
Sixty-six VTEs occurred in 6653 patients. Empiric treatment for VTE was initiated in 30% prior to VTE confirmation, and children with cyanotic heart disease were 15.7 times more like to receive empiric therapy. Overall, 78% received systemic anticoagulation, 8% treated with only catheter-based interventions, and 13% of VTE were not treated. Seven patients (11%) underwent systemic fibrinolysis; more commonly in neonates (23%) vs children (5%). Surgical and interventional procedures were performed on 4 patients. The American College of Chest Physicians recommendations were incompletely followed. Only 28% of the 32 cases treated with low molecular weight heparin titrated dosing to a goal anti-FXa level 0.5-1. Five of the 15 cases treated with unfractionated heparin titrated dosing to aPTT 60-90, and one case did not use goal-directed therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Confirmed VTEs in patients admitted to PICUs are most frequently treated with systemic anticoagulation; however, more intensive treatments such as systemic thrombolysis and surgical or interventional procedures are not uncommon in this critically ill population. Current practices deviate from the published antithrombotic guidelines developed for the general pediatric population.
A Winner-Take-All Method for Training Sparse Convolutional Autoencoders

We explore combining the benefits of convolutional architec tures and autoencoders for learning deep representations in an unsupervise d manner. A major challenge is to achieve appropriate sparsity among hidden v ariables, since neighbouring variables in each feature map tend to be highly corre lated and a suppression mechanism is therefore needed. Previously, decon volutional networks and convolutional predictive sparse decomposition have be en used to construct systems that have a recognition pathway and a data generatio n pathway that are trained so that they agree and so that the hidden representat ion is sparse. We take a more direct approach and describe a way to train convolutio nal autoencoders layer by layer, where in each layer sparsity is achieved usin g a winner-take-all activation function within each feature map. Learning is co mputationally efficient and we show that our method can be used to train shallow and dee p convolutional autoencoders whose representations can be used to achieve c lassification rates on the MNIST, CIFAR-10 and NORB datasets that are competitive w ith the state of the art.
GREEN PRACTICE MOTIVATORS AND PERFORMANCE IN SMES: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Green practices are necessary to fight global warming and save scarce resources. SMEs, which represent more than 90% of organizations, play a critical role in this endeavor. This research uses a qualitative comparative analysis, based on Boolean mathematics, to explore SMEs’ motivation to implement green practices and inquire about the resulting performance. This research model is based on Porter’s Value Chain and Triandis’ Theory of Reasoned Action. Fifteen (15) SMEs from three countries (Canada, Tunisia and Morocco) where interviewed for the research. Various groupings of SMEs’ motivators associated with a high level of green practices were found. The grouping profiles involved the organizational culture, expected consequences, facilitating conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Implementing green practices was found to be beneficial to SMEs both in terms of financial and environmental performance. The specific green practices characterizing high financial performing SMEs varied among firms; the grouping profiles involved the inventory practices, waste treatment and disposal and inbound logistics. Green practices characterizing high environmental performing firms gathered in profiles based on the operations, waste treatment and R&D. No unique causal condition was found for green practice motivators but the culture revealed to be a sufficient condition for one of the green practice configurations, while inventory practices, operations, waste treatment and R&D appeared to be sufficient for specific configurations of high performing SMEs.
Development of cognitive abilities of children infected with helminths through health education.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of health education in learning and cognitive development of children infected, previously treated in an endemic area for helminthiasis.


METHODS
It is a longitudinal, experimental, with random allocation of participants. The study included 87 children of both sexes enrolled in the school hall of Maranhão, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and divided into two groups: intervention and control. Initially the children were submitted to the parasitological fecal examination for infection diagnosis and, when positive, they were treated. For the data collection, a structured questionnaire and the psychological tests Raven, Wisc-III and DAP III were applied, before and after the educational intervention. For the group comparison, the Mann Whitney test was used, and established significance level of 5%.


RESULTS
It was found that previously infected children who received the educational intervention, children showed higher performance than the control group in strutured questionnaire (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
It is acceptable to suppose the positive influence and the importance in the use of educational interventions in the cognitive recovery and learning of children previously treated with anthelmintics.
A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of two HAART strategies at two years in antiretroviral naive patients.

BACKGROUND
The use of HAART combining 2 nucleoside analogues reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus one protease inhibitor (PI) or 2 NRTIs + 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) has shown comparable efficacy. The study was designed to compare long term (2 years) effectiveness of two antiretroviral (ARV) treatment strategies in patients not previously treated: starting with a nelfinavir based HAART switching to nevirapine in case of failure or side effects or the reverse sequence.


METHODS
This multicenter, randomized, open label clinical trial enrolled ARV-naïve HIV patients with CD4 counts below 500 cells/mm3. They were randomly assigned to start ddI + d4T + nelfinavir (switching to ZDV + 3TC + NEV in case of failure or toxicity) (PI-NEV arm) or ddI + d4T + nevirapine, switching to ZDV + 3TC + NFV in case of failure or toxicity (NEV-PI arm). The primary study endpoint was the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to failure after switching to second regimen if necessary (considering failure as two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA determinations above 200 copies/mL, death, a new category C event or toxicity leading to treatment discontinuation of the second regimen) after a minimum follow-up of two years.


RESULTS
A total of 137 patients were evaluable (67 and 70 in the PI-NEV and NEV-PI arms respectively). Baseline characteristics did not differ among groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to failure did not show differences between the two arms neither in the on-treatment (OT) analysis (log rank test, p = 0.81) nor in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (p = 0.58). At 24 months, the estimated proportion of patients free of failure were 72% and 66% respectively in the PI-NEV and NEV-PI arms OT analysis (p = 0.54) and 73% and 64% in the PI-NEV and NEV-PI arms in the ITT analysis (p = 0.49). The difference in the median in CD4+ lymphocyte count at 24 months was not significantly different in the two groups: 393 and 307 CD4 cells/mm3 in the PI-NEV and NEV-PI arms respectively (p = 0.167). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) in the two arms was very similar: 50 (75%) in the PI-NEV and 54 (70%) in the NEV-PI group, as it was for grade 3-4 AEs leading to drug switching.


CONCLUSION
At two years both treatments strategies (PI-NEV vs NEV-PI) had a high and comparable efficacy and were generally well tolerated.
A comparison of functional and impairment-based robotic training in severe to moderate chronic stroke: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcome of training the functional movement of transport of the arm and grasping an object with the alternative of training the transport of the arm in isolation.


DESIGN
Pretest-posttest comparison.


SETTING
Rehabilitation hospitals, outpatient care.


PARTICIPANTS
Volunteer sample of forty-seven persons with persistent hemiparesis from a single, unilateral stroke within the past one to five years.


INTERVENTION
Robotic therapy 3 x/week for 6 weeks for the paretic upper limb consisted of either a) sensorimotor, active-assistive impairment-based exercise during repetitive planar reaching tasks, or b) a "free-hand" approach, in which the robot assisted subjects employing the sensorimotor active-assistive exercise to transport the hand to a series of targets, where it stopped to allow the person to interact with actual objects (functional approach 1), or c) transport and manipulation, in which the robot assisted subjects employing active-assistive exercise during repetitive planar reaching tasks while grasping a simulated object and releasing it at the target or followed by grasp and release of a simulated object (functional approach 2).


PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE
Fugl-Meyer Assessment.


RESULTS
All three groups improved from pre- to post-treatment with the sensorimotor impairment based approach demonstrating the best outcome of the three approaches.


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term, goal-directed robotic therapy can significantly improve motor abilities of the exercised limb segments in persons with chronic stroke, but contrary to expectation, training both the transport of the arm and manipulation of an object (functionally-based approaches) did not confer any advantage over training solely transport of the arm (impairment-based approach).
Evaluation of salt supplementation in CF infants.

BACKGROUND
CF infants may be at increased risk of sodium depletion which may lead to impaired growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate their sodium supplementation requirements.


METHODS
Ten CF infants had serial measurements of weight and plasma/urine sodium and creatinine. Sodium supplementation was adjusted with the aim of maintaining fractional excretion (FENa) between 0.5% and 1.5% and urinary sodium > 10 mmol/L.


RESULTS
Urine sodium:creatinine (UNa:Cr) ratio strongly correlated with FENa [UNa:Cr (mmol/mmol)=35.0 x FENa (r=0.99)]. The FENa target range corresponded to UNa:Cr 17-52 mmol/mmol. All infants required sodium supplementation to achieve UNa:Cr > 17 mmol/mmol. Sodium supplement requirements (mean+/-SD) at ages 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months were 1.9+/-0.5, 1.8+/-0.8, 1.9+/-0.9 and 0.8+/-0.4 mmol/kg/d. No infant required calorie supplementation to achieve expected weight gain.


CONCLUSIONS
Using current UK guidelines, many cases of sodium depletion may be overlooked. Some infants require more than the recommended 1-2 mmol/kg/d. UNa:Cr ratio is a useful non-invasive measure to monitor sodium supplementation.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Author Profiling In Social Media

In this paper we present our approach of solving the PAN 2016 Author Profiling Task. It involves classifying users’ gender and age using social media posts. We used SVM classifiers and neural networks on TF-IDF and verbosity features. Results showed that SVM classifiers are better for English datasets and neural networks perform better for Dutch and Spanish datasets.
Data-driven exploration of care plans for patients

CareFlow is a novel visual analytics tool designed to help doctors devise a care plan for their patient. Using historical outcomes from clinically similar patients, CareFlow allows doctors to analyze which treatments have been effective for patients like theirs.
Radiation dosimetry results and safety correlations from 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: combined data from 4 clinical trials.

UNLABELLED
Ibritumomab tiuxetan is an anti-CD20 murine IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody (ibritumomab) conjugated to the linker-chelator tiuxetan, which securely chelates (111)In for imaging or dosimetry and (90)Y for radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Dosimetry and pharmacokinetic data from 4 clinical trials of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan RIT for relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were combined and assessed for correlations with toxicity data.


METHODS
Data from 179 patients were available for analysis. Common eligibility criteria included <25% bone marrow involvement by NHL, no prior myeloablative therapy, and no prior RIT. The baseline platelet count was required to be > or = 100,000 cells/mm(3) for the reduced (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan administered dose (7.4-11 MBq/kg [0.2-0.3 mCi/kg]) or > or = 150,000 cells/mm(3) for the standard (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan administered dose (15 MBq/kg [0.4 mCi/kg]). Patients were given a tracer administered dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi) (111)In-ibritumomab tiuxetan on day 0, evaluated with dosimetry, and then a therapeutic administered dose of 7.4-15 MBq/kg (0.2-0.4 mCi/kg) (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan on day 7. Both ibritumomab tiuxetan administered doses were preceded by an infusion of 250 mg/m(2) rituximab to clear peripheral B-cells and improve ibritumomab tiuxetan biodistribution. Residence times for (90)Y in blood and major organs were estimated from (111)In biodistribution, and the MIRDOSE3 computer software program was used, with modifications to account for patient-specific organ masses, to calculate radiation absorbed doses to organs and red marrow.


RESULTS
Median radiation absorbed doses for (90)Y were 7.42 Gy to spleen, 4.50 Gy to liver, 2.11 Gy to lung, 0.23 Gy to kidney, 0.62 Gy (blood-derived method) and 0.97 Gy (sacral image-derived method) to red marrow, and 0.57 Gy to total body. The median effective blood half-life was 27 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 25 h. No patient failed to meet protocol-defined dosimetry safety criteria and all patients were eligible for treatment. Observed toxicity was primarily hematologic, transient, and reversible. Hematologic toxicity did not correlate with estimates of red marrow radiation absorbed dose, total-body radiation absorbed dose, blood effective half-life, or blood AUC.


CONCLUSION
Relapsed or refractory NHL in patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and <25% bone marrow involvement by NHL can be treated safely with (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan RIT on the basis of a fixed, weight-adjusted dosing schedule. Dosimetry and pharmacokinetic results do not correlate with toxicity.