LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis of bacterial infections does not improve cost-efficacy of oral norfloxacin in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding

Objective:Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin is useful in the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. However, bleeding cirrhotic patients with ascites, encephalopathy, or shock are at high risk to develop bacterial infections in spite of prophylactic norfloxacin. The aim of this study was to assess whether the addition of intravenous ceftriaxone could improve the efficacy of prophylaxis with norfloxacin in these patients.Methods:Fifty-six cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ascites, encephalopathy, or shock were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 28) received oral norfloxacin 400 mg/12 h for 7 days, and group 2 (n = 28) received norfloxacin plus intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily during the first 3 days of admission.Results:Ten patients were excluded because of community-acquired infection, surgery, or death within the first 24 h. The incidence of bacterial infections during hospitalization was 18.1% in group 1 and 12.5% in group 2 (p= NS). The incidence of severe infections (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bacteremia, or pneumonia) was also similar in both groups: 9% in group 1 versus 8.3% in group 2 (p= NS). There were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to duration of hospitalization or mortality. The cost of antibiotic therapy (including prophylaxis and treatment of infections) was significantly higher in group 2.Conclusions:These results suggest that the addition of intravenous ceftriaxone during the first 3 days of hospitalization does not improve the cost-efficacy of oral norfloxacin in the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and high risk of infection.
Rehabilitation of the elbow extension with motor imagery in a patient with quadriplegia after tendon transfer.

OBJECTIVE
To test the effect of a postsurgical motor imagery program in the rehabilitation of a patient with quadriplegia.


DESIGN
Crossover design with kinematic analysis.


SETTING
Rehabilitation Hospital of Lyon. Study approved by the local Human Research Ethics Committee.


PARTICIPANTS
C6-level injured patient (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A) with no voluntary elbow extension (triceps brachialis score 1).


INTERVENTION
The surgical procedure was to transfer the distal insertion of the biceps brachii onto the triceps tendon of both arms. The postsurgical intervention on the left arm included 10 sessions of physical rehabilitation followed by 10 motor imagery sessions of 30 minutes each. The patient underwent 5 sessions a week during 2 consecutive weeks. The motor imagery content included mental representations based on elbow extension involved in goal-directed movements. The rehabilitation period of the right arm was reversed, with motor imagery performed first, followed by physical therapy.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The kinematics of upper-limb movements was recorded (movement time and variability) before and after each type of rehabilitation period. A long-term retention test was performed 1 month later.


RESULTS
Motor imagery training enhanced motor recovery by reducing hand trajectory variability-that is, improving smoothness. Motor performance then remained stable over 1 month.


CONCLUSIONS
Motor imagery improved motor recovery when associated with physical therapy, with motor performance remaining stable over the 1-month period. We concluded that motor imagery should be successfully associated with classic rehabilitation procedure after tendon transfer. Physical sessions may thus be shortened if too stressful or painful.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Population-Based Study

OBJECTIVES:Population-based data on chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the United States are scarce. We determined incidence, prevalence, and survival of CP in Olmsted County, MN.METHODS:Using Mayo Clinic Rochester's Medical Diagnostic Index followed by a detailed chart review, we identified 106 incident CP cases from 1977 to 2006 (89 clinical cases, 17 diagnosed only at autopsy); CP was defined by previously published Mayo Clinic criteria. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted incidence (for each decade) and prevalence rate (1 January 2006) per 100,000 population (adjusted to 2000 US White population). We compared the observed survival rate for patients with expected survival for age- and sex-matched Minnesota White population.RESULTS:Median age at diagnosis of CP was 58 years, 56% were male, and 51% had alcoholic CP. The overall (clinical cases or diagnosed only at autopsy) age- and sex-adjusted incidence was 4.05/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.27–4.83). The incidence rate for clinical cases increased significantly from 2.94/100,000 during 1977–1986 to 4.35/100,000 person-years during 1997–2006 (P<0.05) because of an increase in the incidence of alcoholic CP. There were 51 prevalent CP cases on 1 January 2006 (57% male, 53% alcoholic). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rate per 100,000 population was 41.76 (95% CI 30.21–53.32). At last follow-up, 50 patients were alive. Survival among CP patients was significantly lower than age- and sex-specific expected survival in Minnesota White population (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Incidence and prevalence of CP are low, and ∼50% are alcohol related. The incidence of CP cases diagnosed during life is increasing. Survival of CP patients is lower than in the Minnesota White population.
A 12-Sector Space Vector Switching Scheme for Performance Improvement of Matrix-Converter-Based DTC of IM Drive

This paper presents a direct torque control (DTC) switching scheme based on the direct matrix converter (DMC) using a 12-side polygonal space vector for variable speed control of an induction motor (IM). The conventional DTC scheme-based matrix converter (MC) is limited by 60° sectors of both flux and voltage vectors, which introduce a high torque ripple. The proposed method utilizes twelve 30° sectors of both flux and voltage vectors to increase the degrees of freedom for selection of proper vectors and reduce the torque ripple. The proposed switching scheme for the MC-based DTC of an IM drive select the appropriate switching vectors for control of torque with small variations of the stator flux within the hysteresis band. This improves the degrees of freedom in selecting the vector algorithm and the torque ripple as well. Furthermore, during the large torque demand, the probabilities of transgressing reference vector limits, which are enclosed by 12-side polygonal space vector, are reduced. Extensive simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the 12-sector space vector switching scheme for the DTC of an IM fed by the DMC.
Diverse Few-Shot Text Classification with Multiple Metrics

We study few-shot learning in natural language domains. Compared to many existing works that apply either metric-based or optimization-based meta-learning to image domain with low inter-task variance, we consider a more realistic setting, where tasks are diverse. However, it imposes tremendous difficulties to existing state-of-the-art metric-based algorithms since a single metric is insufficient to capture complex task variations in natural language domain. To alleviate the problem, we propose an adaptive metric learning approach that automatically determines the best weighted combination from a set of metrics obtained from meta-training tasks for a newly seen few-shot task. Extensive quantitative evaluations on real-world sentiment analysis and dialog intent classification datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against state-of-the-art few shot learning algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy. We make our code and data available for further study.1
Cryptanalysis and security enhancement of Chen et al.’s remote user authentication scheme using smart card

Recently (2011) Chen et al. found that Wang et al.’s scheme (2007) is vulnerable to impersonation attacks and parallel session attacks; and then proposed a security enhancement of Wang et al.’s scheme. Chen et al. claimed to inherit the merits and eradicate the flaws of the original scheme through their improved scheme. Unfortunately, we found that Chen et al.’s scheme inherits some flaws of the original scheme, like the known-key attack, smart card loss attack and its serious consequences. In addition, Chen et al.’s scheme is not easily reparable and is unable to provide forward secrecy. Thus Chen et al.’s scheme still has scope for security enhancement. Finally, we propose an improved scheme with better security strength. Moreover, we analyze the performance of our scheme and prove that ours is suitable for applications with high security requirements.
Effect of self-collection of HPV DNA offered by community health workers at home visits on uptake of screening for cervical cancer (the EMA study): a population-based cluster-randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
Control of cervical cancer in developing countries has been hampered by a failure to achieve high screening uptake. HPV DNA self-collection could increase screening coverage, but implementation of this technology is difficult in countries of middle and low income. We investigated whether offering HPV DNA self-collection during routine home visits by community health workers could increase cervical screening.


METHODS
We did a population-based cluster-randomised trial in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2012. Community health workers were eligible for the study if they scored highly on a performance score, and women aged 30 years or older were eligible for enrolment by the community health worker. 200 community health workers were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (offered women the chance to self-collect a sample for cervical screening during a home visit) or the control group (advised women to attend a health clinic for cervical screening). The primary outcome was screening uptake, measured as the proportion of women having any HPV screening test within 6 months of the community health worker visit. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02095561.


FINDINGS
100 community health workers were randomly allocated to the intervention group and 100 were assigned to the control group; nine did not take part. 191 participating community health workers (94 in the intervention group and 97 in the control group) initially contacted 7650 women; of 3632 women contacted by community health workers in the intervention group, 3049 agreed to participate; of 4018 women contacted by community health workers in the control group, 2964 agreed to participate. 2618 (86%) of 3049 women in the intervention group had any HPV test within 6 months of the community health worker visit, compared with 599 (20%) of 2964 in the control group (risk ratio 4·02, 95% CI 3·44-4·71).


INTERPRETATION
Offering self-collection of samples for HPV testing by community health workers during home visits resulted in a four-fold increase in screening uptake, showing that this strategy is effective to improve cervical screening coverage. This intervention reduces women's barriers to screening and results in a substantial and rapid increase in coverage. Our findings suggest that HPV testing could be extended throughout Argentina and in other countries to increase cervical screening coverage.


FUNDING
Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (Argentina).
Terlipressin vs. Octreotide in Bleeding Esophageal Varices as an Adjuvant Therapy With Endoscopic Band Ligation: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES:Data are scarce on the head-to-head efficacy of terlipressin and octreotide as an adjuvant therapy to endoscopic management of variceal bleed. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of terlipressin with octreotide as an adjuvant therapy to endoscopic variceal band ligation in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding.METHODS:Cirrhotic patients with esophageal variceal bleed were randomized on admission to receive terlipressin (group A) or octreotide (group B) along with the placebo in the other arm in a double-blind fashion. The two groups were compared for efficacy, safety, overall survival, and length of hospital stay. “Control of variceal bleed” was the measure of efficacy of terlipressin and octreotide. Factors predicting length of stay were also assessed.RESULTS:A total of 324 patients were enrolled; 163 in the terlipressin group (group A) and 161 in the octreotide group (group B). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable for age, gender, etiology of cirrhosis, hemoglobin at presentation, and Child–Pugh class, except that active bleed was seen during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the time of enrollment in 26 (16%) and 41 (25.5%) patients in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.034). Overall sixteen patients died (three failure to control bleed and thirteen from causes other than variceal bleed); nine in group A (5.5%) and seven (4.3%) in group B (P=0.626). In the intention to treat analysis, “control of variceal bleed” was noted in 305 patients (94.13%); 151 (92.63%) patients in group A and 154 (95.6%) patients in group B (confidence interval: 0.219–1.492). Packed cell transfusions in group A were 3.7±2.3 units, whereas in group B there were 3.9±2.5 units (P=0.273). Length of hospital stay in groups A and B was 108.40±34.81 and 126.39±47.45 h, respectively (P≤0.001). No cardiovascular side effects were observed in either group. High pulse, low hemoglobin, prothrombin time, blood in nasogastric aspirate, and portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) were predictors of prolonged hospital stay.CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of terlipressin was not inferior to octreotide as an adjuvant therapy for the control of esophageal variceal bleed and in-hospital survival. The length of hospital stay in the terlipressin group was significantly shorter but not of any clinical importance. The predictors of prolonged hospital stay were low hemoglobin, high pulse, prolonged prothrombin time, blood at nasogastric aspirate, and PSE.
Evolution of FMRI activation in the perilesional primary motor cortex and cerebellum with rehabilitation training-related motor gains after stroke: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies report that motor recovery after partial destruction of the primary motor cortex (M1) may be associated with adaptive functional reorganization within spared M1.


OBJECTIVE
To test feasible methodologies for evaluating relationships between behavioral gains facilitated by rehabilitative training and functional adaptations in perilesional M1 and the cerebellum.


METHODS
Four patients with hemiparesis for more than 3 months after a cortical lesion partially within M1 and 12 healthy volunteers participated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a finger-tapping task and concurrent behavioral assessments, including the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment of the upper extremity and the Wolf Motor Function Test, were conducted before and after 2 weeks of arm-focused training; 2 patients were further examined 6 and 12 months later to evaluate long-term persistence of brain-behavior adaptations.


RESULTS
All patients showed higher activation magnitude in perilesional M1 than healthy controls before and after therapy. Further long-term functional gains paralleled the decrease of activation magnitude in perilesional M1 in the 2 more impaired cases.


CONCLUSION
The evolution of suggestive correlations between serial scans of fMRI adaptive activity within the primary motor cortex and the cerebellum in relation to relevant behavioral changes over the course of 2 weeks of task-specific therapy and then no formal therapy suggests that repeated assessments may be best for monitoring therapy-induced neuroplasticity. This approach may help develop optimal rehabilitation strategies to maximize poststroke motor recovery as well as improve the search for brain-behavior correlations in functional neuroimaging research.
A Faster R-CNN Multi-Object Detector on a Nvidia Jetson TX1 Embedded System: Demo

This paper details the implementation of the deep Faster R-CNN algorithm (Faster R-CNN model) for multi-object detection on Nvidia Jetson TX1 Embedded System. The Jetson TX1 device is a development board proposed by NVIDIA for applications requiring high computational performance in a low-power envelope.
Predictive gene signatures for bevacizumab and cetuximab as well as cytotoxic agents.

©2012 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle ISSN 0946-1965 DOI 10.5414/CPP50070 e-pub: December 28, 2011 Correspondence to Prof. Dr. Heinz-Herbert Fiebig Oncotest GmbH, Institute for Experimental Oncology, Am Flughafen 12 – 14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany Fiebig@Oncotest.de
Immediate effect of sukha pranayama on cardiovascular variables in patients of hypertension.

UNLABELLED
Hypertension is one of the most common health disorders, and yoga has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in its management. Earlier studies have reported blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of slow, deep breathing after 3 weeks and 3 months of training and beneficial immediate effects of slow, deep breathing in reducing premature ventricular complexes and lowering blood pressure. None of these immediate studies used the concept of pranayama, involving conscious internal awareness of the whole breathing process. This study was undertaken to determine the immediate cardiovascular effects of sukha pranayama in hypertensive patients.


METHODS
Twenty-three hypertensive patients attending the Yoga OPD at JIPMER were recruited for the study and instructed to perform sukha pranayama for 5 minutes at the rate of 6 breaths/min. This pranayama involves conscious, slow and deep breathing with equal duration for inhalation and exhalation. Heart rate (HR) and BP were recorded before and immediately after the intervention.


RESULTS
Post-intervention statistical analysis revealed a significant (p < .05) reduction in HR and a highly significant (p < .001) reduction in systolic pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, and double product with an insignificant fall in diastolic pressure.


DISCUSSION
It is concluded that sukha pranayama at the rate of 6 breaths/minute can reduce HR and BP in hypertensive patients within 5 minutes of practice. This may be due to a normalization of autonomic cardiovascular rhythms as a result of increased vagal modulation and/or decreased sympathetic activity and improved baroreflex sensitivity. Further studies are required to understand possible mechanisms underlying this beneficial immediate effect and to determine how long such a beneficial effect persists.
Surgically Relevant Bony and Soft Tissue Anatomy of the Proximal Femur

BACKGROUND
Hip endoscopy facilitates the treatment of extra-articular disorders of the proximal femur. Unfortunately, current knowledge of proximal femur anatomy is limited to qualitative descriptions and lacks surgically relevant landmarks.


PURPOSE
To provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of proximal femur anatomy in reference to surgically relevant bony landmarks.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive laboratory study.


METHODS
Fourteen cadaveric hemipelvises were dissected. A coordinate measuring device measured dimensions and interrelationships of the gluteal muscles, hip external rotators, pectineus, iliopsoas, and joint capsule in reference to osseous landmarks.


RESULTS
The vastus tubercle, superomedial border of the greater trochanter, and femoral head-neck junction were distinct and reliable osseous landmarks. The anteroinferior tip of the vastus tubercle was 17.1 mm (95% CI: 14.5, 19.8 mm) anteroinferior to the center of the gluteus medius lateral insertional footprint and was 22.9 mm (95% CI: 20.1, 25.7 mm) inferolateral to the center of the gluteus minimus insertional footprint. The insertions of the piriformis, conjoint tendon of the hip (superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus), and obturator externus were identified relative to the superomedial border of the greater trochanter. The relationship of the aforementioned footprints were 49% (95% CI: 43%, 54%), 42% (95% CI: 33%, 50%), and 64% (95% CI: 59%, 69%) from the anterior (0%) to posterior (100%) margins of the superomedial border of the greater trochanter, respectively. The hip joint capsule attached distally on the proximal femur 18.2 mm (95% CI: 14.2, 22.2 mm) from the head-neck junction medially on average.


CONCLUSION
The vastus tubercle, superomedial border of the greater trochanter, and the femoral head-neck junction were reliable osseous landmarks for the identification of the tendinous and hip capsular insertions on the proximal femur. Knowledge of the interrelationships between these structures is essential for endoscopic navigation and anatomic surgical repair and reconstruction.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The qualitative and quantitative clinically relevant anatomic data presented here will aid in the diagnosis of proximal femur pathology and will provide a template for anatomic repair or reconstruction.
Correcting Airborne Laser Scanning Intensity Data for Automatic Gain Control Effect

The intensity data recorded by airborne laser scanning (ALS) systems are useful for several applications, e.g., automatic point classification, change detection, and environmental studies. Before the intensity values can be used for any specific application, it has to be calibrated for atmospheric effect, range, energy loss, and incidence angle. Some ALS systems use automatic gain control (AGC). AGC is useful for getting laser returns even from low-reflectance surfaces (e.g., dark roofs), but it also changes the recorded intensity during the data acquisition, even within one surface type. This means that the same asphalt road might have totally different intensity values depending on the surrounding environment, which has affected the state of the AGC level. Therefore, it is important to correct the intensity values to neglect the effect of AGC in order to be able to get a normalized intensity value, which is only affected by the target characteristics. A first approach to correct the intensity values for AGC is reported in this letter. The same area was flown with AGC on and off, which allowed the modeling to take place. The results showed that the model produces values that agreed with an R2 of 0.76 to the intensities obtained when AGC was turned off.
TPC-E vs. TPC-C: characterizing the new TPC-E benchmark via an I/O comparison study

TPC-E is a new OLTP benchmark recently approved by the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC). In this paper, we compare TPC-E with the familiar TPCC benchmark in order to understand the behavior of the new TPC-E benchmark. In particular, we compare the I/O access patterns of the two benchmarks by analyzing two OLTP disk traces. We find that (i) TPC-E is more read intensive with a 9.7:1 I/O read to write ratio, while TPC-C sees a 1.9:1 read-to-write ratio; and (ii) although TPC-E uses pseudo-realistic data, TPC-E's I/O access pattern is as random as TPC-C. The latter suggests that like TPC-C, TPC-E can benefit from SSDs, which have superior random I/O support. To verify this, we replay both disk traces on an Intel X25-E SSD and see dramatic improvements for both TPC-C and TPC-E.