LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor

Neanderthals are thought to have disappeared in Europe approximately 39,000–41,000 years ago but they have contributed 1–3% of the DNA of present-day people in Eurasia. Here we analyse DNA from a 37,000–42,000-year-old modern human from Peştera cu Oase, Romania. Although the specimen contains small amounts of human DNA, we use an enrichment strategy to isolate sites that are informative about its relationship to Neanderthals and present-day humans. We find that on the order of 6–9% of the genome of the Oase individual is derived from Neanderthals, more than any other modern human sequenced to date. Three chromosomal segments of Neanderthal ancestry are over 50 centimorgans in size, indicating that this individual had a Neanderthal ancestor as recently as four to six generations back. However, the Oase individual does not share more alleles with later Europeans than with East Asians, suggesting that the Oase population did not contribute substantially to later humans in Europe.
Tissue Doppler Imaging Detects Impaired Biventricular Performance Shortly After Congenital Heart Defect Surgery

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the development of a systemic inflammatory response, which can lead to myocardial damage. However, knowledge concerning the time course of ventricular performance deterioration and restoration after correction of a congenital heart defect (CHD) in pediatric patients is sparse. Therefore, the authors perioperatively quantified left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) performance using echocardiography. Their study included 141 patients (ages 0–18 years) undergoing CHD correction and 40 control subjects. The study assessed LV systolic performance (fractional shortening) and diastolic performance (mitral Doppler flow) in combination with RV systolic performance [tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)] and diastolic performance (tricuspid Doppler flow). Additionally, systolic (S′) and diastolic (E′, A′, E/E′) tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measurements were obtained at the LV lateral wall, the interventricular septum, and the RV free wall. Echocardiographic studies were performed preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, and at hospital discharge after 9 ± 5 days. Although all LV echocardiographic measurements showed a deterioration 1 day after surgery, only LV TDI measurements were impaired in patients at discharge versus control subjects (S′: 5.7 ± 2.0 vs 7.1 ± 2.7 cm/s; E′: 9.8 ± 3.9 vs 13.7 ± 5.1 cm/s; E/E′: 12.2 ± 6.4 vs 8.8 ± 4.3; p < 0.05). In the RV, TAPSE and RV TDI velocities also were impaired in patients at discharge versus control subjects (TAPSE: 9 ± 3 vs 17 ± 5 mm; S′: 5.2 ± 1.7 vs 11.4 ± 3.4 cm/s; E′: 7.3 ± 2.5 vs 16.3 ± 5.2 cm/s; E/E′: 12.5 ± 6.8 vs 4.8 ± 1.9; p < 0.05). Furthermore, longer aortic cross-clamp times were associated with more impaired postoperative LV and RV performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both systolic and diastolic biventricular performances were impaired shortly after CHD correction. This impairment was detected only by TDI parameters and TAPSE. Furthermore, a longer-lasting negative influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on myocardial performance was suggested.
Facial Feedback Signals for ECAs

One of the most desirable characteristics of an intelligent interactive system is its capability of interacting with users in a natural way. An example of such a system is the embodied conversational agent (ECA) that has a humanoid aspect and the capability of communicating with users through multiple modalities such as voice, gesture, facial expressions, that are typical of human-human communication. It is important to make an ECA able to fit well in each role in a conversation: the agent should behave in a realistic and human-like way both while speaking and listening. So far most of the work on ECAs have focused on the importance of the ECA’s behaviour in the role of the speaker, implementing models for the generation of verbal and non-verbal signals; but currently we are mainly interested in modelling the listening behaviour. In this paper we will describe our work in progress on this matter.
A randomised controlled trial of lay-led self-management for people with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Course (CDSMC) on people with multiple sclerosis (MS).


METHODS
2-group, randomised, controlled trial with Intervention Group (IG) and Waiting-List Control Group (WLCG). Additional data were collected from a Comparison Group (CG) who chose not to attend the CDSMC. Participants completed baseline questionnaires; IG participants attended the CDSMC immediately; all participants were assessed at 4-months and 12-months.


RESULTS
216 baseline questionnaires were returned; 73% were female, mean age 51.1 years, mean disease duration 12.0 years. Results showed that the CDSMC had an impact on self-management self-efficacy (ES 0.30, p=0.009 for the IG) and MSIS physical status (ES 0.12 for the IG, p=0.005). There were no other statistically significant changes. However, trends towards improvement on depression (ES 0.21 for the IG, p=0.05) and MS self-efficacy (ES 0.16 for the IG, p=0.04) were noted. All improvements were maintained at 12-months. At baseline, CG participants were older, had longer disease duration (p<0.01) and less anxiety (p=0.009) compared to RCT participants.


CONCLUSION
The CDSMC provides some small positive effects for people with MS. Motivation to attend may be linked to psychological distress and disease duration.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
The CDSMC may be of value for those with mild anxiety/depression who need extra support. Attendance early in the disease course is recommended.
Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression

The explosion in social networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook, Bebo and Friendster is widely regarded as an exciting opportunity, especially for youth. Yet the public response tends to be one of puzzled dismay regarding, supposedly, a generation with many friends but little sense of privacy and a narcissistic fascination with self-display. This article explores teenagers” practices of social networking in order to uncover the subtle connections between online opportunity and risk. While younger teenagers relish the opportunities to continuously recreate a highly decorated, stylistically elaborate identity, older teenagers favour a plain aesthetic that foregrounds their links to others, thus expressing a notion of identity lived through authentic relationships. The article further contrasts teenagers” graded conception of “friends” with the binary 1 Published as Livingstone, S. (2008) Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media & Society, 10(3): 393-411. Available in Sage Journal Online (Sage Publications Ltd. – All rights reserved): http://nms.sagepub.com/content/10/3/393.abstract 2 Thanks to the Research Council of Norway for funding the Mediatized Stories: Mediation Perspectives On Digital Storytelling Among Youth of which this project is part. I also thank David Brake, Shenja van der Graaf, Angela Jones, Ellen Helsper, Maria Kyriakidou, Annie Mullins, Toshie Takahashi, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this article. Last, thanks to the teenagers who participated in this project. 3 Sonia Livingstone is Professor of Social Psychology in the Department of Media and Communications at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is author or editor of ten books and 100+ academic articles and chapters in the fields of media audiences, children and the internet, domestic contexts of media use and media literacy. Recent books include Young People and New Media (Sage, 2002), The Handbook of New Media (edited, with Leah Lievrouw, Sage, 2006), and Public Connection? Media Consumption and the Presumption of Attention (with Nick Couldry and Tim Markham, Palgrave, 2007). She currently directs the thematic research network, EU Kids Online, for the EC’s Safer Internet Plus programme. Email s.livingstone@lse.ac.uk
Comparing the association of GFR estimated by the CKD-EPI and MDRD study equations and mortality: the third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)

BACKGROUND
The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR(CKD-EPI)) improves GFR estimation compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation (eGFR(MDRD)) but its association with mortality in a nationally representative population sample in the US has not been studied.


METHODS
We examined the association between eGFR and mortality among 16,010 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Primary predictors were eGFR(CKD-EPI) and eGFR(MDRD). Outcomes of interest were all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Improvement in risk categorization with eGFR(CKD-EPI) was evaluated using adjusted relative hazard (HR) and Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI).


RESULTS
Overall, 26.9% of the population was reclassified to higher eGFR categories and 2.2% to lower eGFR categories by eGFR(CKD-EPI), reducing the proportion of prevalent CKD classified as stage 3-5 from 45.6% to 28.8%. There were 3,620 deaths (1,540 from CVD) during 215,082 person-years of follow-up (median, 14.3 years). Among those with eGFR(MDRD) 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 19.4% were reclassified to eGFR(CKD-EPI) 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and these individuals had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34-0.84) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.96) compared with those not reclassified. Among those with eGFR(MDRD) >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 0.5% were reclassified to lower eGFR(CKD-EPI) and these individuals had a higher risk of all-cause (adjusted HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.69) and CVD (adjusted HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01-1.99) mortality compared with those not reclassified. Risk prediction improved with eGFR(CKD-EPI); NRI was 0.21 for all-cause mortality (p < 0.001) and 0.22 for CVD mortality (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
eGFR(CKD-EPI) categories improve mortality risk stratification of individuals in the US population. If eGFR(CKD-EPI) replaces eGFR(MDRD) in the US, it will likely improve risk stratification.
Requirements Engineering and Agile Software Development

This article compares traditional requirements engineering approaches and agile software development. Our paper analyzes commonalities and differences of both approaches and determines possible ways how agile software development can benefit from requirements engineering methods. Index Terms Requirements Engineering, Agile Development
Surgical Options In Oroantral Fistula Treatment

Oral fistula (OAF) is a pathological communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus which has its origin either from iatrogenic complications or from dental infections, osteomyelitis, radiation therapy or trauma. OAF closures can be achieved using different flaps which show both advantages and limitations. Therefore they all need careful consideration in order to select the best approach depending on the situation. The most widely employed flaps are of three types: vestibular flap, palatal flap and buccal fat pad Flap(BFP). The authors present three cases of OAF with the different techniques. It is suggested that the buccal flap is best applied in the case of large fistulas located in the anterior region, the palatal flap is suitable to correct premolar defects and the BFP flap for wide posterior OAFs.
Relay Node Placement for Maximizing Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network consists of many low-cost, low-power sensor nodes to perform sensing environment and transmitting sensed information to a base station. Energy efficient is a main design factor for wireless sensor network. It is a significative method to prolong the lifetime of sensor network through deploying some relay nodes. In this paper, we present an approximate algorithm for the relay node placement problem to maximize sensor network lifetime. At first, some relay nodes are placed to connect the whole wireless sensor network through a greedy scheme. Next, some redundant relay nodes are placed to maximize the network lifetime. And then, we prove that the network lifetime can achieve maximum value through our algorithms. At last, some experiments have been carried out to show the performance of our algorithm compared with the optimal placement.
The Role of Relational Trust in Bank–Small Firm Relationships

Using data on 935 small firms and bank managers, we differentiated customers' relational trust in their banks from beliefs about the banks' self-interested motivations. Relational trust mediated th...
New Foundations for Rewriting Logic

Abstract This paper presents an abstract treatment of the foundations of rewriting logic, generalising in three ways: an arbitrary 2-category plays the role of the specific 2-category Cat; the foundations are rendered fully independent of the underlying equational logic; and the semantics covers non-conventional sentences. Despite the high level of abstraction a number of properties of interest to Computing Science are seen to hold including the existence of initial models, liberality along theory morphisms, exactness, and a completeness theorem for a very abstract notion of deduction.
Marshallian Cross Diagrams and Their Uses before Alfred Marshall

The early history of the partial equilibrium demand-and-supply-curve diagram confirms the adage that no scientific discovery is named for its original discoverer. For it was not Alfred Marshall but five of his predecessors who introduced the diagram associated with his name.
Butea monosperma (LAM.) kuntze - A comprehensive review

The traditional systems of medicine together with folklore medicine continue to play a significant role in our health care system for the betterment of mankind. Butea monosperma (Lam.) kuntze is a commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. B. monosperma (Palas) belongs to the family Fabaceae, grown wildly in many parts of India. The plant is highly used by the rural and tribal people in curing various disorders. B. monosperma has effective natural origin that has a tremendous future for research. The novelty and applicability of B. monosperma are hidden. Such things should be overcome through modern scientific concept. The present article enumerates various traditional and medicinal utility of the plant and an attempt was made to gather information about the chemical composition and pharmacological aspects of the plant.
IJERA ) ISSN : 2248-9622 National Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Engineering and Technology ( NCERT-02

During machining operation it is essential to have proper selection of machining parameters. Now-a-days machining parameters are mainly selected on the basis of previous work experience of the process planner or thumb rule or machining data hand book. All these techniques are time consuming and very tedious.There is a need to develop a model that could able to find the optimal machining parameters for the required surface finish in machining.In this work, the effect of machining parameters is studied to obtain the optimum machining parameters for end milling operations.Many researchers have used the various techniques such as Taguchi method, Genetic Algorithm, Neural Network, ANOVA, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and so on have become very popular due to its versatile usage in various engineering applications especially in machining problems. In this PSO has been used to optimize the machining parameters.
Automatic Opinion Question Generation

We study the problem of opinion question generation from sentences with the help of community-based question answering systems. For this purpose, we use a sequence to sequence attentional model, and we adopt coverage mechanism to prevent sentences from repeating themselves. Experimental results on the Amazon question/answer dataset show an improvement in automatic evaluation metrics as well as human evaluations from the state-of-theart question generation systems.
Frontal and transverse plane hip kinematics and gluteus maximus recruitment correlate with frontal plane knee kinematics during single-leg squat tests in women.

BACKGROUND
Hip muscle dysfunction may be associated with knee valgus that contributes to problems like patellofemoral pain syndrome. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare knee and hip kinematics and hip muscle strength and recruitment between "good" and "poor" performers on a single-leg squat test developed to assess hip muscle dysfunction and (2) examine relationships between hip muscle strength, recruitment and frontal plane knee kinematics to see which variables correlated with knee valgus during the test.


METHODS
Forty-one active women classified via visual rating as "good" or "poor" performers on the test participated. Participants completed 5-repetition single-leg squat tests. Isometric hip extension and abduction strength, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius recruitment, and 3-dimensional hip and knee kinematics during the test were compared between groups and examined for their association with frontal plane knee motion.


FINDINGS
"Poor" performers completed the test with more hip adduction (mean difference=7.6°) and flexion (mean difference=6.3°) than "good" performers. No differences in knee kinematics, hip strength or hip muscle recruitment occurred. However, the secondary findings indicated that increased medial hip rotation (partial r=0.94) and adduction (partial r=0.42) and decreased gluteus maximus recruitment (partial r=0.35) correlated with increased knee valgus.


INTERPRETATION
Whereas hip muscle function and knee kinematics did not differ between groups as we'd hypothesized, frontal plane knee motion correlated with transverse and frontal plane hip motions and with gluteus maximus recruitment. Gluteus maximus recruitment may modulate frontal plane knee kinematics during single-leg squats.
Lamotrigine in the acute treatment of bipolar depression: results of five double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES
The efficacy of lamotrigine as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), particularly for delaying depressive episodes, is well established, but its efficacy in the acute treatment of bipolar depression is less clear. This paper reports the results of five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of lamotrigine monotherapy for the acute treatment of bipolar depression.


METHODS
Adult subjects with bipolar I or II disorder experiencing a depressive episode were randomized to placebo or lamotrigine monotherapy (after titration, at a fixed dose of 50 mg or 200 mg daily in Study 1; a flexible dose of 100-400 mg daily in Study 2; or a fixed dose of 200 mg daily in Studies 3, 4 and 5) for 7-10 weeks.


RESULTS
Lamotrigine did not differ significantly from placebo on primary efficacy endpoints [17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in Studies 1 and 2; Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in Studies 3, 4 and 5]. In Study 1, lamotrigine significantly separated from placebo on some secondary measures of efficacy, including the MADRS, the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I), but seldom differed on secondary efficacy endpoints for the other studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Lamotrigine monotherapy did not demonstrate efficacy in the acute treatment of bipolar depression in four out of five placebo-controlled clinical studies. Lamotrigine was well tolerated in the acute treatment of bipolar depression.
A Natural Language Tutorial Dialogue System for Physics

We describe theWHY2-ATLAS intelligent tutoring system for qualitative physics that interacts with students via natural language dialogue. We focus on the issue of analyzing and responding to multi-sentential explanations. We explore approaches for achieving a deeper understanding of these explanations and dialogue management approaches and strategies for providing appropriate feedback on them.
Efficient realizations of analysis and synthesis filters based on the 2-D discrete wavelet transform

This paper presents folded architectures and scheduling algorithms for computing the 2-D DWT for analysis and synthesis lters. The folded architectures consist of two parallel computation units (one for computations along the rows and the other for computations along the columns) and two storage units to store the intermediate outputs that are generated by the two units. The scheduling algorithms range from those that try to minimize the latency to those that try to minimize the control unit complexity and keep the data ow regular. A comparison of the scheduling algorithms has been included to aid the designer in choosing an algorithm that is best suited for a particular application.
Optimal Cutoff Levels of More Sensitive Cardiac Troponin Assays for the Early Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Renal Dysfunction

BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether more sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays maintain their clinical utility in patients with renal dysfunction. Moreover, their optimal cutoff levels in this vulnerable patient population have not previously been defined.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In this multicenter study, we examined the clinical utility of 7 more sensitive cTn assays (3 sensitive and 4 high-sensitivity cTn assays) in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Among 2813 unselected patients, 447 (16%) had renal dysfunction (defined as Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)). The final diagnosis was centrally adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists using all available information, including coronary angiography and serial levels of high-sensitivity cTnT. Acute myocardial infarction was the final diagnosis in 36% of all patients with renal dysfunction. Among patients with renal dysfunction and elevated baseline cTn levels (≥99th percentile), acute myocardial infarction was the most common diagnosis for all assays (range, 45%-80%). In patients with renal dysfunction, diagnostic accuracy at presentation, quantified by the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve, was 0.87 to 0.89 with no significant differences between the 7 more sensitive cTn assays and further increased to 0.91 to 0.95 at 3 hours. Overall, the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve in patients with renal dysfunction was only slightly lower than in patients with normal renal function. The optimal receiver-operator characteristic curve-derived cTn cutoff levels in patients with renal dysfunction were significantly higher compared with those in patients with normal renal function (factor, 1.9-3.4).


CONCLUSIONS
More sensitive cTn assays maintain high diagnostic accuracy in patients with renal dysfunction. To ensure the best possible clinical use, assay-specific optimal cutoff levels, which are higher in patients with renal dysfunction, should be considered.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00470587.