LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Visualising the invisible: a network approach to reveal the informal social side of student learning

World-wide, universities in health sciences have transformed their curriculum to include collaborative learning and facilitate the students' learning process. Interaction has been acknowledged to be the synergistic element in this learning context. However, students spend the majority of their time outside their classroom and interaction does not stop outside the classroom. Therefore we studied how informal social interaction influences student learning. Moreover, to explore what really matters in the students learning process, a model was tested how the generally known important constructs-prior performance, motivation and social integration-relate to informal social interaction and student learning. 301 undergraduate medical students participated in this cross-sectional quantitative study. Informal social interaction was assessed using self-reported surveys following the network approach. Students' individual motivation, social integration and prior performance were assessed by the Academic Motivation Scale, the College Adaption Questionnaire and students' GPA respectively. A factual knowledge test represented student' learning. All social networks were positively associated with student learning significantly: friendships (β = 0.11), providing information to other students (β = 0.16), receiving information from other students (β = 0.25). Structural equation modelling revealed a model in which social networks increased student learning (r = 0.43), followed by prior performance (r = 0.31). In contrast to prior literature, students' academic motivation and social integration were not associated with students' learning. Students' informal social interaction is strongly associated with students' learning. These findings underline the need to change our focus from the formal context (classroom) to the informal context to optimize student learning and deliver modern medics.
Boost-Half Bridge Single Power Stage PWM DC-DC Converter for Small Scale Fuel Cell Stack

This paper presents the implementation of 1 kW prototype high frequency link boost half bridge inverter-fed DC-DC power converter with bridge voltage-doublers suitable for small scale PEM fuel cell system and its associated control scheme. The operation principle of this converter is described using fuel cell modeling and some operating waveforms and the switching mode equivalent circuits based on simulation results and a detailed circuit operation analysis and soft-switching conditions.
Norms, Power and the Socially Embedded Realities of Market Taxation in Northern Ghana. ICTD Working Paper 30

This article provides a ground-level view of market taxation in two local government areas in Ghana's relatively disadvantaged northern region. It describes a system shaped by informal practices that are grounded in social relationships and collective norms, which sometimes foster greater equity and in other cases serve to reinforce existing inequalities. The evidence suggests the need for a more nuanced understanding of the highly informal and socially embedded realities of local tax collection, and the possibility that improved outcomes could be achieved by "working with the grain" of these inescapable local realities, while seeking to minimize potential costs of informality. Resume: Cet article donne une vue d'ensemble sur la fiscalite du marche du Ghana dans deux gouvernements locaux relativement desavantages de la region Nord. Il decrit un systeme marque d'une par des pratiques informelles ancrees dans les relations sociales et de l'autre dans des normes collectives, qui parfois favorisent une plus grande equite et dans d'autre cas servent a renforcer les inegalites existantes. La preuve suggere la necessite d'une comprehension plus nuancee d'une realite tres informelle et socialement integree du recouvrement des impots locaux et la possibilite que des resultats ameliores puissent etre obtenus en "travaillant avec le grain" de ces realites locales incontournables, tout en cherchant a minimiser les couts potentiels d' informalite.
Growth trajectories of preterm infants: birth to 12 years.

INTRODUCTION
Birth weight often is used to predict how preterm infants will grow, but scant attention has been paid to the effect of neonatal morbidities on growth trajectories. We investigated birth weight and neonatal morbidity in preterm infants' growth to age 12 years.


METHOD
A five-group, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with 194 infants: 46 full term; 29 healthy preterm without morbidity; 56 preterm with medical illness (MPT); 34 preterm with neurologic illness; and 29 preterm small for gestational age (SGA). Height, weight, and body mass index were measured at six ages.


RESULTS
The full-term group had greater height than the preterm groups to age 8 years, when healthy preterm and MPT groups caught up. Only the SGA group had smaller height at age 12 years. The MPT, preterm with neurologic illness, and SGA groups had lower weight through age 12 years. Body mass index was appropriate for preterm groups by age 4 years. Across time, neonatal morbidity had a significant effect on height and weight trajectories. Birth weight was significant for weight trajectories only.


DISCUSSION
With variation in growth trajectories, details of neonatal morbidity in health history interviews will inform child health assessments.
Guidelines for Sclerotherapy of Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND. Sclerotherapy is the targeted elimination of intracutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or transfascial varicose veins (perforating veins) as well as the sclerosation of subfascial varicose vessels in the case of venous malformation by the injection of a sclerosant. With duplex-guide sclerotherapy and foam sclerotherapy, modified methods came into use. OBJECTIVE. The objective was to create a guideline, based on the available publications and on the European Consensus Document on foam sclerotherapy from April 2003. METHODS. This guideline was drafted on behalf of the German Society of Phlebology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phlebologie) and adopted by the committee and scientific advisory board of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phlebologie on June 15, 2001, and amended on December 5, 2003. The guideline considers the present state of knowledge as reflected in the literature. CONCLUSIONS. This guideline represents the recent state of the art of sclerotherapy of varicose veins in Germany including foam sclerotherapy.
Mapping stand-level forest biophysical variables for a mixedwood boreal forest using lidar: an examination of scanning density

Light detection and ranging (lidar) is becoming an increasingly popular technology among scientists for the development of predictive models of forest biophysical variables. However, before this technology can be adopted with confidence for long-term monitoring applications in Canada, robust models must be developed that can be applied and validated over large and complex forested areas. This will require “scaling-up” from current models developed from high-density lidar data to low-density data collected at higher altitudes. This paper investigates the effect of lowering the average point spacing of discrete lidar returns on models of forest biophysical variables. Validation of results revealed that high-density models are well correlated with mean dominant height, basal area, crown closure, and average aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.84, 0.89, 0.60, and 0.91, respectively). Low-density models could not accurately predict crown closure (R2 = 0.36). However, they did provide slightly improved estimates for mean dominant height, basal area, and average aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.90, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively). Maps were generated and validated for the entire study area from the low-density models. The ability of low-density models to accurately map key biophysical variables is a positive indicator for the utility of lidar data for monitoring large forested areas. Résumé : Le lidar est en voie de devenir une technique de plus en plus populaire parmi les chercheurs pour le développement de modèles de prédiction des variables biophysiques de la forêt. Cependant, avant que cette technologie puisse être adoptée avec confiance pour le suivi à long terme au Canada, des modèles robustes pouvant être appliqués et validés pour des superficies de forêt vastes et complexes doivent être développés. Cela va exiger de passer des modèles courants développés à partir d’une forte densité de données lidar à une plus faible densité de données collectées à plus haute altitude. Cet article se penche sur l’effet de la diminution de l’espacement ponctuel moyen des échos individuels du lidar sur les modèles de variables biophysiques de la forêt. La validation des résultats a montré que les modèles à forte densité sont bien corrélés avec la hauteur dominante moyenne, la surface terrière, la fermeture du couvert et la biomasse aérienne moyenne (R2 = 0,84, 0,89, 0,60 et 0,91 respectivement). Les modèles à faible densité ne pouvaient pas correctement (R2 = 0,36) prédire la fermeture du couvert. Cependant, ils ont fourni des estimations légèrement meilleures pour la hauteur dominante moyenne, la surface terrière et la biomasse aérienne moyenne (R2 = 0,90, 0,91 et 0,92 respectivement). Des cartes ont été générées et validées pour toute la zone d’étude à partir de modèles à faible densité. La capacité des modèles à faible densité à cartographier correctement les variables biophysiques importantes est une indication positive de l’utilité des données lidar pour le suivi de vastes zones de forêt. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Thomas et al. 47
Architectures for Natural Language Generation: Problems and Perspectives

Current research in natural language generation is situated in a computational linguistics tradition that was founded several decades ago. We critically analyse some of the architectural assumptions underlying existing systems and point out some problems in the domains of text planning and lexicalization. Guided by the identification of major generation challenges viewed from the angles of knowledge-based systems and cognitive psychology, we sketch some new directions for future research.
NARP-MILS syndrome caused by 8993 T > G mitochondrial DNA mutation: a clinical, genetic and neuropathological study

The 8993 T > G mutation in mitochondrial DNA has been associated with variable syndromes of differing severity ranging from maternally inherited Leigh’s syndrome (MILS) to neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa (NARP), depending on the mutation loads in affected patients. We report a kindred with several members in the same generation suffering NARP or Leigh’s syndrome due to a 8993 T > G mutation. Post-mortem studies of the brain in one affected member clinically presenting with a neurological disorder intermediate between adult Leigh’s syndrome and NARP showed symmetrical lesions of the basal ganglia and brainstem closely resembling those usually described in typical Leigh’s syndrome. Analysis of mtDNA in different tissues showed a high proportion of mutant genome in brainstem, cerebral cortex, putamen, cerebellum and thalamus. These observations illustrate the continuum of clinical and neuropathological manifestations associated with the 8993 T > G mutation of the mtDNA.
Translational Research and Context in Health Monitoring Systems

Context has been applied to a broad range of domains and systems ranging from location-based tourist applications to motion capture. An area relatively under-represented in the literature is health-monitoring systems. This paper considers the application of context in health monitoring and the role of translational research, a concept that relates to the translation of basic research into clinical practice. This paper posits that intelligent Context-aware systems provide an effective basis for translational research with benefits reflected in improved quality of life for patients, reduced load on clinicians, and efficiency improvements. Case studies are presented to illustrate a number of health monitoring issues and how context can be effectively applied. The paper concludes with a discussion, consideration of practical applications, challenges, and open research questions.
Trust in e-commerce

Web-based businesses succeed by cultivating consumers' trust, starting with their beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and willingness to perform transactions at Web sites and with the organizations behind them.
Increased myelotoxicity of idarubicin: Is there a pharmacological basis?

Background: Clinical trials evaluating idarubicin (IDA) in acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have provided some evidence for an increased myelotoxicity of IDA compared to other anthracyclines. IDA is known to be less sensitive towards multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This phenotype is a major impediment to successful antineoplastic treatment, but P-gp is also expressed on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC).Methods: We investigated the pharmacokinetics of IDA and etoposide (ETO) in seven previously untreated patients with aggressive NHL. The patients received a CHOP-derived protocol (CIVEP) in which doxorubicin (DOX) was substituted by IDA 11–16 mg/m2 and ETO 3×100 mg/m2 was added. Furthermore, we evaluated in vitro the impact of P-gp expression on the cytotoxicity of DOX and IDA in cells from three parental chemosensitive leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (HL60, U937, CCRF) and their resistant sublines, as well as in CD34-positive HSC.Results: The peak plasma levels (Cmax), terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) and area under the concentration curve (AUC) both for IDA and for ETO did not differ from published data. In cell line models the numbers of viable cells in a P-gp-expressing resistant CCRF-VCR100 subline were significantly more reduced by IDA (P<0.001), but there was no difference in the cytotoxicities of IDA and DOX in chemosensitive CCRF cells and in the (non-P-gp-expressing) resistant U937 and HL60 sublines. Cytotoxicity against HSC was more pronounced after incubation with IDA than after treatment with DOX (P=0.014), even when a tenfold higher concentration of DOX than of IDA was used. The addition of cyclosporin A increased the cytotoxic effect of DOX but not that of IDA in HSC.Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of IDA and its main metabolite idarubicinol in CHOP-derived protocols were not different from data obtained with other combinations or monotherapy. The increased myelotoxicity of IDA may be a consequence of P-gp expression in CD34-positive HSC.
Ten vignettes of an engineering institute

As a cooperative activity of the Bicentennial Year, 1976, the present operations of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, now in its 93rd year by succession, are examined from ten viewpoints.
Learning terrain segmentation with classifier ensembles for autonomous robot navigation in unstructured environments

Autonomous robot navigation in unstructured outdoor environments is a challenging area of active research and is currently unsolved. The navigation task requires identifying safe, traversable paths that allow the robot to progress toward a goal while avoiding obstacles. Stereo is an effective tool in the near field, but used alone leads to a common failure mode in autonomous navigation in which suboptimal trajectories are followed due to nearsightedness, or the robot’s inability to distinguish obstacles and safe terrain in the far field. This can be addressed through the use of machine learning methods to accomplish near-to-far learning, in which near-field terrain appearance and stereo readings are used to train models able to predict far-field terrain. This paper proposes to enhance existing, memoryless near-to-far learning approaches through the use of classifier ensembles that allow terrain models trained on data seen at different points in time to be preserved and referenced later. These stored models serve as memory, and we show that they can be leveraged for more effective far-field terrain classification on future images seen by the robot. A five-factor, full-factorial, repeated-measures experimental evaluation is performed on hand-labeled data sets taken directly from the problem domain. The experiments result in many statistically significant findings, the most important being that the proposed near-to-far Best-K Ensemble Algorithm, with appropriate parameter selection, outperforms the single-model, nonensemble baseline approach in far-field terrain classification. Several other findings that inform the use of near-to-far ensemble methods are also presented. C © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teacher Variables as Predictors of Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils Mathematics.

This study examined the relationship between Teacher selfefficacy, interest, attitude, qualification, experience and pupils’ academic achievement in primary school mathematics. The participants of the study comprises of 254 primary school teachers and 120 primary school pupils. Data collected on the study were analysed using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results reveals that teacher self – efficacy and interest had significant correlation with pupils achievement scores. Teacher’s self-efficacy being the best predictor of pupils’ academic achievement in mathematics was followed by teacher’s interest. Attitude, qualification and experience were not significant correlation with pupil’s achievement in mathematics. The study recommended that it is high time for primary school mathematics teachers to have a change of attitude towards the teaching of the subject so that the achievement of universal basic education will not be hindered. Furthermore, primary school educational authorities were called upon to ensure that only teachers who are qualified to teach the subject are employed. Not these alone, their attention was also drawn to the fact that they should design educational programmes that will enhance the teacher selfefficacy for a better prediction of pupils’ achievement in mathematics.
Sleep stage classification based on multi-level feature learning and recurrent neural networks via wearable device

BACKGROUND
Automatic sleep stage classification is essential for long-term sleep monitoring. Wearable devices show more advantages than polysomnography for home use. In this paper, we propose a novel method for sleep staging using heart rate and wrist actigraphy derived from a wearable device.


METHODS
The proposed method consists of two phases: multi-level feature learning and recurrent neural networks-based (RNNs) classification. The feature learning phase is designed to extract low- and mid-level features. Low-level features are extracted from raw signals, capturing temporal and frequency domain properties. Mid-level features are explored based on low-level ones to learn compositions and structural information of signals. Sleep staging is a sequential problem with long-term dependencies. RNNs with bidirectional long short-term memory architectures are employed to learn temporally sequential patterns.


RESULTS
To better simulate the use of wearable devices in the daily scene, experiments were conducted with a resting group in which sleep was recorded in the resting state, and a comprehensive group in which both resting sleep and non-resting sleep were included. The proposed algorithm classified five sleep stages (wake, non-rapid eye movement 1-3, and rapid eye movement) and achieved weighted precision, recall, and F1 score of 66.6%, 67.7%, and 64.0% in the resting group and 64.5%, 65.0%, and 60.5% in the comprehensive group using leave-one-out cross-validation. Various comparison experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm.


CONCLUSIONS
Our method is efficient and effective in scoring sleep stages. It is suitable to be applied to wearable devices for monitoring sleep at home.
Alibaba-Venus at ActivityNet Challenge 2018-Task C Trimmed Event Recognition ( Moments in Time )

In this paper, we present a solution to Moments in Time (MIT) [1] Challenge. Current methods for trimmed video recognition often utilize inflated 3D (I3D) [2] to capture spatial-temporal features. First, we explore off-the-shelf structures like non-local [3], I3D, TRN [4] and their variants. After a plenty of experiments, we find that for MIT, a strong 2D convolution backbone following temporal relation network performs better than I3D network. We then add attention module based on TRN to learn a weight for each relation so that the model can capture the important moment better. We also design uniform sampling over videos and relation restriction policy to further enhance testing performance.
Assessment of glenohumeral subluxation in poststroke hemiplegia: comparison between ultrasound and fingerbreadth palpation methods.

BACKGROUND
Glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) is a common poststroke complication. Treatment of GHS is hampered by the lack of objective, real-time clinical measurements.


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were: (1) to compare an ultrasound method of GHS measurement with the fingerbreadth palpation method using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and (2) to report the sensitivity and specificity of this method.


DESIGN
A prospective study was conducted.


SETTING
The study was conducted in local hospitals and day centers in the southwest of England.


PATIENTS
One hundred five patients who had one-sided weakness following a first-time stroke (51 men, 54 women; mean age=71 years, SD=11) and who gave informed consent were enrolled in the study.


MEASUREMENTS
Ultrasound measurements of acromion-greater tuberosity (AGT) distance were used for the assessment of GHS. Measurements were undertaken on both shoulders by a research physical therapist trained in shoulder ultrasound with the patient seated in a standardized position. Fingerbreadth palpation assessment of GHS was undertaken by a clinical physical therapist based at the hospital, who also visited the day centers.


RESULTS
The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.63, 0.83), suggesting that the ultrasound method has good agreement compared with the fingerbreadth palpation method. A cutoff point of ≥0.2 cm AGT measurement difference between affected and unaffected shoulders generated a sensitivity of 68% (95% CI=51%, 75%), a specificity of 62% (95% CI=47%, 80%), a positive likelihood ratio of 1.79 (95% CI=1.1, 2.9), and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.55 (95% CI=0.4, 0.8).


LIMITATIONS
Clinical therapists involved in the routine care of patients conducted the fingerbreadth palpation method. It is likely that they were aware of the patients' subluxation status.


CONCLUSION
The ultrasound method can detect minor asymmetry (≤0.5 cm) and has the potential advantage over the fingerbreadth palpation method of identifying patients with minor subluxation.