LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is

Objectives: To measure preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for a novel anaesthetic (dental gel) versus existing anaesthetic options for periodontal maintenance visits. Design: The study was conducted by developing and administering a survey, composed of a modified decision aid and a WTP instrument. The decision aid provided clinical information in layman’ terms. Patients stated their anaesthetic preference; WTP elicited the hypothetical amount of money a subject would pay to have dental gel available for maintenance cleaning, should they require anaesthetic. Patients: Periodontal recall patients (n = 97; ‘recall’) and participants from the general population (n = 196; ‘general’) from southwestern Ontario, Canada. Results: The overwhelming majority of participants chose dental gel over injectable local anaesthetic or no anaesthetic as their first anaesthetic preference (general: 81.0%; recall: 82.5%). The median WTP for dental gel was 20.00 Canadian dollars ($Can) per visit for the general population and $Can10.00 for the recall population (1999 values). The majority of participants were willing to pay an insurance premium for dental gel, even if they did not personally prefer dental gel (general: 72.4%; recall: 73.2%). The median monthly premium to have dental gel available for any plan beneficiary requiring scaling and root planing (SRP) during maintenance was $Can2.00 per month for both groups. Conclusions: In this population, an alternative to traditional injectable local anaesthetic (i.e. dental gel) was overwhelmingly preferred by both general population participants and recall patients for maintenance cleaning procedures. Most participants were willing to pay to have dental gel available, either for themselves or for others.
Visual Speech Recognition

Lip reading is used to understand or interpret speech without hearing it, a technique especially mastered by people with hearing difficulties. The ability to lip read enables a person with a hearing impairment to communicate with others and to engage in social activities, which otherwise would be difficult. Recent advances in the fields of computer vision, pattern recognition, and signal processing has led to a growing interest in automating this challenging task of lip reading. Indeed, automating the human ability to lip read, a process referred to as visual speech recognition (VSR) (or sometimes speech reading), could open the door for other novel related applications. VSR has received a great deal of attention in the last decade for its potential use in applications such as human-computer interaction (HCI), audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR), speaker recognition, talking heads, sign language recognition and video surveillance. Its main aim is to recognise spoken word(s) by using only the visual signal that is produced during speech. Hence, VSR deals with the visual domain of speech and involves image processing, artificial intelligence, object detection, pattern recognition, statistical modelling, etc. There are two different main approaches to the VSR problem, the visemic* approach and the holistic approach, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The traditional and most common approaches to automatic lip reading are based on visemes. A Viseme is the mouth shapes (or appearances) or sequences of mouth dynamics that are required to generate a phoneme in the visual domain. However, several problems arise while using visemes in visual speech recognition systems such as the low number of visemes (between 10 and 14) compared to phonemes (between 45 and 53). Visemes cover only a small subspace of the mouth motions represented in the visual domain, and many other problems. These problems contribute to the bad performance of the traditional approaches; hence, the visemic approach is something like digitising the signal of the spoken word, and digitising causes a loss of information. The holistic approach such as the “visual words” (Hassanat, 2009) considers the signature of the whole word rather than only parts of it. This approach can provide a good alternative to the visemic approaches to automatic lip reading. The major problem that faces this approach is that for a complete English language lip reading system, we need to train the whole of the English language words in the dictionary! Or to train (at least) the distinct ones. This
Spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry in a 3-3-1 model

Inst. de Fis. Teorica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Pamplona 145, 01405-900 Sao Paulo, S.P.
A multi-gigabit DRAM technology with 6F/sup 2/ open-bit-line cell distributed over-driven sensing and stacked-flash fuse

To cope with difficult device miniaturization in the multi-gigabit era, memory cells smaller than the traditional 8F/sup 2/ folded bitline (BL) cell are needed. A 6F/sup 2/ trench capacitor folded-BL cell has been recently described. However, it needs not only additional tight-pitch layers to create a vertically folded-BL arrangement, but also a vertical transistor. The 6F/sup 2/ open-BL cell enabling a simple planar transistor is another candidate as its inherently large imbalance noise between pairs of BLs is reduced. Low-voltage, high-speed array operation is essential in the multi-gigabit era. A conventional non-over-driven sensing scheme cannot achieve a high enough speed at an array voltage below 1.6 V, because the threshold voltage (Vth) cannot be reduced <0.1 V to obtain a low enough stand-by current. Distributed over-driven sensing enables a higher speed due to reduced voltage loss caused by distributed drivers combined with meshed power lines. Consequently, compared with the conventional schemes, the sensing time for a 1.2 V array voltage necessary for the 1 Gb generation decreased by 6.9 ns and 2.0 ns. Hence, this sensing scheme is promising for array voltages below 1.0 V in multi-gigabit memory. In multi-gigabit DRAMs, redundancy for degraded cells after packaging is a major concern. To overcome this a scheme is adopted which features a stacked flash fuse composed of three series flash fuses utilizing standard CMOS transistors without any additional process steps. Thus this technology can be used to fabricate a 0.13 μm 180 mm/sup 2/ 1 Gb DRAM assembled in a 400-mil package.
A randomized controlled dismantling trial of post-workshop consultation strategies to increase effectiveness and fidelity to an evidence-based psychotherapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder

BACKGROUND
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health condition with substantial costs to individuals and society. Among military veterans, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD has been estimated to be as high as 20%. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that short-term cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), lead to substantial and sustained improvements in PTSD symptoms. Despite known benefits, only a minority of clinicians provide these therapies. Transferring this research knowledge into clinical settings remains one of the largest hurdles to improving the health of veterans with PTSD. Attending a workshop alone is insufficient to promote adequate knowledge transfer and sustained skill; however, relatively little research has been conducted to identify effective post-training support strategies.


METHODS
The current study investigates whether clinicians receiving post-workshop support (six-month duration) will deliver CPT with greater fidelity (i.e., psychotherapy adherence and competence) and have improved patient outcomes compared with clinicians receiving no formal post-workshop support. The study conditions are: technology-enhanced group tele-consultation; standard group tele-consultation; and fidelity assessment with no consultation. The primary outcome is independent assessment (via audio-recordings) of the clinicians' adherence and competence in delivering CPT. The secondary outcome is observed changes in patient symptoms during and following treatment as a function of clinician fidelity. Post-consultation interviews with clinicians will help identify facilitators and barriers to psychotherapy skill acquisition. The study results will inform how best to implement and transfer evidence-based psychotherapy (e.g., CPT) to clinical settings to attain comparable outcomes to those observed in research settings.


DISCUSSION
Findings will deepen our understanding of how much and what type of support is needed following a workshop to help clinicians become proficient in delivering a new protocol. Several influences on clinician learning and patient outcomes will be discussed. An evidence-based model of clinical consultation will be developed, with the ultimate goal of informing policy and influencing best practice in clinical consultation.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01861769.
A Formal Quantifier Elimination for Algebraically Closed Fields

We prove formally that the first order theory of algebraically closed fields enjoys quantifier elimination, and hence is decidable. This proof is organized in two modular parts. We first reify the first order theory of rings and prove that quantifier elimination leads to decidability. Then we implement an algorithm which constructs a quantifier free formula from any first order formula in the theory of ring. If the underlying ring is in fact an algebraically closed field, we prove that the two formulas have the same semantic. The algorithm producing the quantifier free formula is programmed in continuation passing style, which leads to both a concise program and an elegant proof of semantic correctness.
Quantifying the role of online news in linking conservation research to Facebook and Twitter.

Conservation science needs to engage the general public to ensure successful conservation interventions. Although online technologies such as Twitter and Facebook offer new opportunities to accelerate communication between conservation scientists and the online public, factors influencing the spread of conservation news in online media are not well understood. We explored transmission of conservation research through online news articles with generalized linear mixed-effects models and an information theoretic approach. In particular, we assessed differences in the frequency conservation research is featured on online news sites and the impact of online conservation news content and delivery on Facebook likes and shares and Twitter tweets. Five percent of articles in conservation journals are reported in online news, and the probability of reporting depended on the journal. There was weak evidence that articles on climate change and mammals were more likely to be featured. Online news articles about charismatic mammals with illustrations were more likely to be shared or liked on Facebook and Twitter, but the effect of news sites was much larger. These results suggest journals have the greatest impact on which conservation research is featured and that news site has the greatest impact on how popular an online article will be on Facebook and Twitter.
[Impact of an informative intervention on the colorectal cancer screening program in primary care professionals].

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of an intervention in primary care professionals on their current knowledge about colorectal cancer screening, subsequent surveillance recommendations and referral strategies.


METHODS DESIGN
Cluster randomized controlled trial.


LOCATION
Primary Care Centers in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona).


PARTICIPANTS
Primary Care Professionals (doctors and nurses).


INTERVENTION
Training session in six of the 12 centers (randomly selected) about the colorrectal cancer screening program, and three emails with key messages.


MAIN MEASUREMENTS
Professionals and centers characteristics and two contextual variables; involvement of professionals in the screening program; information about colorectal cancer knowledge, risk factors, screening procedures, surveillance recommendations and referral strategies.


RESULTS
The total score mean on the first questionnaire was 8.07 (1.38) and the second 8.31 (1.39). No statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups were found, however, in 9 out of 11 questions the percentage of correct responses was increased in the intervention group, mostly related to the surveillance after the diagnostic examination.


CONCLUSIONS
The intervention improves the percentage of correct answers, especially in those in which worst score obtained in the first questionnaire. This study shows that professionals are familiar with colorectal cancer screening, but there's a need to maintain frequent communication in order to keep up to date the information related to the colorectal cancer screening.
An effective, low-cost measure of semantic relatedness obtained from Wikipedia links

relatedness between terms using the links found within their corresponding Wikipedia articles. Unlike other techniques based on Wikipedia, WLM is able to provide accurate measures efficiently, using only the links between articles rather than their textual content. Before describing the details, we first outline the other systems to which it can be compared. This is followed by a description of the algorithm, and its evaluation against manually-defined ground truth. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the new approach. Abstract
Endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: factors affecting midterm quality anatomic results: analysis in a prospective, multicenter series of patients (CLARITY).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Recanalization is 1 drawback of the EVT of intracranial aneurysms. An analysis of the factors affecting the midterm anatomic results after EVT of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in a large multicenter series (CLARITY) is presented.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of the 782 patients initially included in the CLARITY trial, 649 would theoretically undergo midterm follow-up examinations. Finally, 517/649 (79.7%) completed a midterm follow-up examination. Midterm anatomic results were independently and anonymously evaluated by 2 experienced neuroradiologists.


RESULTS
In univariate analysis, factors affecting the quality of midterm occlusion were the quality of the postoperative occlusion (P < .001), hypertension (P = .018), aneurysm size (P = .007), neck size (P = .005), and ICA location (P = .049). In multivariate analysis, 3 factors were associated with the quality of postoperative aneurysm occlusion: neck size (P = .003), use of the balloon remodeling technique (P = .031), and the quality of postoperative occlusion (P < .001). In univariate analysis, the evolution of aneurysm occlusion was affected by age (P = .024) and neck size (P = .041). In multivariate analysis, it was associated with the same factors: age (P = .025) and neck size (P = .043).


CONCLUSIONS
Among the many factors considered in this analysis, aneurysm neck size was identified as the single most important one in the quality of aneurysm occlusion at midterm follow-up after EVT. The present results suggest developing and evaluating new strategies of treatment and technique, especially for wide-neck aneurysms, with a focus on reinforcement and neoendothelialization at the level of the neck as objectives.
Multiresolution FIR neural-network-based learning algorithm applied to network traffic prediction

In this paper, a multiresolution finite-impulse-response (FIR) neural-network-based learning algorithm using the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) is proposed. The multiresolution learning algorithm employs the analysis framework of wavelet theory, which decomposes a signal into wavelet coefficients and scaling coefficients. The translation-invariant property of the MODWT allows alignment of events in a multiresolution analysis with respect to the original time series and, therefore, preserving the integrity of some transient events. A learning algorithm is also derived for adapting the gain of the activation functions at each level of resolution. The proposed multiresolution FIR neural-network-based learning algorithm is applied to network traffic prediction (real-world aggregate Ethernet traffic data) with comparable results. These results indicate that the generalization ability of the FIR neural network is improved by the proposed multiresolution learning algorithm.
Relationship between authentic leadership and nurses‧ intent to leave: The mediating role of work environment and burnout.

AIM
The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effects of work environment and burnout on the relationship between authentic leadership and the intention of nurses to leave their job.


BACKGROUND
Authentic leadership can contribute to a good work environment. Burnout is a critical factor that affects nurses‧ intent to leave. The mediating roles of work environment and burnout on the relationship between authentic leadership and intent to leave is unclear.


METHODS
A cross-sectional design was used, and 946 nurses from three different levels of hospital (medical center, regional, and district), defined in terms of the number of beds and type of medical care provided, responded to four self-report questionnaires.


RESULTS
Work environment and burnout mediated the effect of authentic leadership on intent to leave among nurses. The mediating effects of burnout on authentic leadership was present both for junior (β = 0.073) and senior (β = 0.081) nurses.


CONCLUSION
Authentic leadership can affect nurses‧ intent to leave but the work environment and burnout are important mediators of this influence.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Administrators should adopt authentic leadership practices and make efforts to improve the work environment and decrease burnout in order to decrease nurses‧ intent to leave.
Critical pedagogies and language learning : An introduction

Advocates of critical approaches to second language teaching are interested in relationships between language learning and social change. From this perspective, language is not simply a means of expression or communication; rather, it is a practice that constructs, and is constructed by, the ways language learners understand themselves, their social surroundings, their histories, and their possibilities for the future. This collection assembles the work of a variety of scholars interested in critical perspectives on language education in globally diverse sites of practice. All are interested in investigating the ways that social relationships are lived out in language and how issues of power, while often obscured in language research and educational practice (Kubota, this volume), are centrally important in developing critical language education pedagogies. Indeed, as Morgan (this volume) suggests, “politically engaged critiques of power in everyday life, communities, and institutions” are precisely what are needed to develop critical pedagogies in language education. The chapters have varying foci, seeking to better understand the relationships between writers and readers, teachers and students, test makers and test takers, teacher–educators and student teachers, and researchers and researched. The term critical pedagogy is often associated with the work of scholars such as Freire (1968/1970), Giroux (1992), Luke (1988), Luke and Gore (1992), McLaren (1989), and Simon (1992) in the field of education. Aware of myriad political and economic inequities in contemporary societies, advocates have explored the “social visions” that pedagogical practices support (Simon, 1992), and critiques of classroom practices in terms of their social visions have been common and longstanding in critical educational literature.1 Feminist critiques have also considered classroom practice and have identified ways in which the relationships and activities of classrooms contribute to patriarchal, hierarchical, and dominating practices in wider societies (e.g., Davies, 1989; Ellsworth, 1989; Gaskell, 1992; Spender, 1982; Walkerdine, 1989). In second language education, critiques of classroom practices in terms of the social visions such practices support are relatively recent but are increasingly being published in major venues.2
Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study

We aimed to assess the frequency of connective tissue abnormalities among patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in a prospective study using a large cohort of patients. We enrolled a consecutive group of 50 patients, referred for consultation because of CSF leak. All patients have been carefully examined for the presence of connective tissue abnormalities, and based on findings, patients underwent genetic testing. Ancillary diagnostic studies included echocardiography, eye exam, and histopathological examinations of skin and dura biopsies in selected patients. We identified nine patients with heritable connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and other unclassified forms. In seven patients, spontaneous CSF leak was the first noted manifestation of the genetic disorder. We conclude that spontaneous CSF leaks are associated with a spectrum of connective tissue abnormalities and may be the first noted clinical presentation of the genetic disorder. We propose that there is a clinical basis for considering spontaneous CSF leak as a clinical manifestation of heritable connective tissue disorders, and we suggest that patients with CSF leaks should be screened for connective tissue and vascular abnormalities.
Prurigo Pigmentosa: An under-recognized inflammatory dermatosis characterized by an evolution of distinctive clinicopathological features.

An under-recognized inflammatory dermatosis characterized by an evolution of distinctive clinicopathological features" (2016).
RESTful Web service composition with BPEL for REST

Current Web service technology is evolving towards a simpler approach to define Web service APIs that challenges the assumptions made by existing languages for Web service composition. RESTful Web services introduce a new kind of abstraction, the resource, which does not fit well with the message-oriented paradigm of the Web service description language (WSDL). RESTful Web services are thus hard to compose using the Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), due to its tight coupling to WSDL. The goal of the BPEL for REST extensions presented in this paper is twofold. First, we aim to enable the composition of both RESTful Web services and traditional Web services from within the same process-oriented service composition language. Second, we show how to publish a BPEL process as a RESTful Web service, by exposing selected parts of its execution state using the REST interaction primitives. We include a detailed example on how BPEL for REST can be applied to orchestrate a RESTful e-Commerce scenario and discuss how the proposed extensions affect the architecture of a process execution engine. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS : EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA Effiezal

In 2001, Malaysia undertook important corporate governance reforms, which saw the integration of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) into Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) Listing Rules and the establishment of the Minority Shareholder Watchdog Group (MSWG), which aims to enhance institutional investor activism. Following this development, this study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and institutional ownership in Malaysia. Our panel analysis of 434 firms listed on Bursa Malaysia during 1999–2002 finds that institutional ownership is positively and significantly related to corporate governance. However, we find that the relationship becomes less positive after 2001, suggesting that the monitoring effects of institutional ownership and corporate governance arise simultaneously and endogenously.