LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
ToriLLE: Learning Environment for Hand-to-Hand Combat

We present Toribash Learning Environment (ToriLLE), a learning environment for machine learning agents based on the video game Toribash. Toribash is a MuJoCo-like environment of two humanoid character fighting each other hand-tohand, controlled by changing actuation modes of the joints. Competitive nature of Toribash as well its focused domain provide a platform for evaluating self-play methods, and evaluating machine learning agents against human players. In this paper we describe the environment with ToriLLE’s capabilities and limitations, and experimentally show its applicability as a learning environment. The source code of the environment and conducted experiments can be found at https://github.com/Miffyli/ToriLLE.
Distributed Optimal Load Frequency Control with Non-Passive Dynamics

Motivated by an increase of renewable energy sources, we propose a distributed optimal load frequency control scheme achieving frequency regulation and economic dispatch. Based on an energy function of the power network, we derive an incremental passivity property for a well-known nonlinear structure preserving network model, differentiating between generator and load buses. Exploiting this property, we design distributed  controllers that adjust the power generation. Notably, we explicitly include the turbine-governor dynamics, where first-order and the widely used second-order dynamics are analyzed in a unifying way. Due to the non-passive nature of the second-order turbine-governor dynamics, incorporating them is challenging, and we develop a suitable dissipation inequality for the interconnected generator and turbine-governor. This allows us to include the generator side more realistically in the stability analysis of optimal load frequency control than was previously possible.
A robust feedforward compensation scheme for multistage operational transconductance amplifiers with no Miller capacitors

A multistage operational transconductance amplifier with a feedforward compensation scheme which does not use Miller capacitors is introduced. The compensation scheme uses the positive phase shift of left-half-plane (LHP) zeroes caused by the feedforward path to cancel the negative phase shift of poles to achieve a good phase margin. A two-stage path increases further the low frequency gain while a feedforward single-stage amplifier makes the circuit faster. The amplifier bandwidth is not compromised by the absence of the traditional pole-splitting effect of Miller compensation, resulting in a high-gain wide-band amplifier. The capacitors of a capacitive amplifier using the proposed techniques can be varied more than a decade without significant settling time degradation. Experimental results for a prototype fabricated in AMI 0.5m CMOS process show dc gain of around 90 dB and a 1% settling time of 15 ns for a load capacitor of 12 pF. The power supply used is 1.25 V.
Personal amplification for school-age children with auditory processing disorders.

BACKGROUND
Children with auditory processing disorders (APD) are described to have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) difficulty. Frequency-modulated (FM) systems have been reported to improve this situation. Yet the use of personal amplification that may be more portable has not been attempted.


PURPOSE
To determine whether personal amplification would result in improvement in speech-in-noise performances (attentiveness and speech recognition) and daily functioning in children with diagnosed APD. In addition, the desired hearing aid features (such as required gain, directional microphone and noise reduction, and open-ear fitting) are examined.


RESEARCH DESIGN
A single-blind, longitudinal descriptive study in which subjects served as their own control in various hearing aid conditions.


STUDY SAMPLE
Fourteen normal hearing children who had a diagnosis of APD and who were between the ages of 7 and 11 participated.


INTERVENTION
All subjects wore bilateral, mild-gain, behind-the-ear, wide dynamic range compression hearing aids fitted in an open-ear mode. Gain on the hearing aids was adjusted to provide approximately 10 dB of insertion gain for conversational input. Directional microphone and noise reduction were used on the hearing aids. Subjects wore the hearing aids home and were encouraged to use them as much as possible in their daily environments (school, home, and social activities). Subjects were seen four times: an initial visit where hearing aids were fitted, then visits at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the initial fitting. The majority of the testing was completed during these final three visits.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The children were evaluated on the Northwestern University word-list (NU-6) and the Auditory Continuous Performance Test (ACPT) in noise at most visits. The hearing aids were evaluated in the omnidirectional microphone mode only, omnidirectional microphone with noise reduction (NR) mode, and directional microphone with NR mode. The children's parents and teachers were asked to complete the Children's Auditory Processing Performance Scale (CHAPS) questionnaire both before and at the end of the study.


RESULTS
The results showed that the use of hearing aids in the omnidirectional microphone mode alone did not improve speech identification in noise over the unaided condition. However, the inclusion of the NR algorithm and directional microphones improved speech understanding in noise. Amplification reduced the number of errors on the ACPT and improved several areas on the CHAPS; however, the results were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of mild-gain, open-ear fitting hearing aids with a directional microphone and noise reduction algorithm may be attempted on some children with APD on a trial basis.
A supervised extreme learning committee for food recognition

Food recognition is an emerging topic in computer vision. The problem is being addressed especially in health-oriented systems where it is used as a support for food diary applications. The goal is to improve current food diaries, where the users have to manually insert their daily food intake, with an automatic recognition of the food type, quantity and consequent calories intake estimation. In addition to the classical recognition challenges, the food recognition problem is characterized by the absence of a rigid structure of the food and by large intra-class variations. To tackle such challenges, a food recognition system based on a committee classification is proposed. The aim is to provide a system capable of automatically choosing the optimal features for food recognition out of the existing plethora of available ones (e.g., color, texture, etc.). Following this idea, each committee member, i.e., an Extreme Learning Machine, is trained to specialize on a single feature type. Then, a Structural Support Vector Machine is exploited to produce the final ranking of possible matches by filtering out the irrelevant features and thus merging only the relevant ones. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art works on four publicly available benchmark datasets. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Growing up in a domestic violence environment: relationship with developmental trajectories of body mass index during adolescence into young adulthood.

BACKGROUND
This study investigated the relationship between growing up in a violent home and developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of adolescents followed longitudinally from 1996 to 2003-4.


METHODS
6043 girls and 4934 boys aged 9-14 years in 1996 who reported height and weight at least two times and whose mothers completed intimate partner violence (IPV) questions at the 2001 Nurses' Health Study. Main exposure was experiencing the first family violence during early (0-5 years) or later (6-11 years) childhood, based on mother's year-specific exposure of IPV and the birth year of each participant. Mother's report of IPV was ascertained by the abuse assessment screen. Four distinct BMI trajectory groups were estimated from age-specific BMI (age 12-20 years), using general growth mixture modelling.


RESULTS
Four distinct BMI trajectories were identified separately for girls and boys: healthy growth; healthy to obese; steady overweight and consistently obese. Compared with boys not exposed to violence at home, boys raised in violent homes before 5 years were at increased risk of being in the consistently obese (OR =2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) and steady overweight (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) groups after adjusting for confounders. Girls raised in violent homes were more likely to be in the steady overweight group, but associations did not maintain statistical significance after adjusting for confounding.


CONCLUSION
These data link children's exposure to domestic violence to a risk of unhealthy weight trajectories during adolescence in boys. Detrimental effects of exposure to a domestic violence environment may take root in the first few years of development for boys.
An Overview of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2—Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems

Synchrophasor Standards have evolved since the introduction of the first one, IEEE Standard 1344, in 1995. IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 introduced measurement accuracy under steady state conditions as well as interference rejection. In 2009, the IEEE started a joint project with IEC to harmonize real time communications in IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 with the IEC 61850 communication standard. These efforts led to the need to split the C37.118 into 2 different standards: IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 that now includes performance of synchrophasors under dynamic systems conditions; and IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011 Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, the object of this paper.
Spatial and temporal evolution of the subducting Pacific plate structure along the western Pacific margin

[1] Tomographic images of the subducting Pacific plate beneath the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc illustrate a progression of geometries from shallow dipping to vertical from north to south along the arc. Recent advances in technology and inversion techniques have improved resolution of slab structure beneath the western Pacific island arcs, but reasons for the variation in geometry and morphology are still poorly understood. By comparing high-resolution tomographic images of the western Pacific and updated paleogeographic reconstructions, we are able to link the spatiotemporal evolution of the subducting Pacific plate back to the mid-Miocene. We have reconstructed tectonic motions along the Kurile-Japan-Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system and the Ryukyu arc to provide an independent, additional interpretation of the subducting Pacific plate using the most current plate motion data. We then investigate the plausibility of our model and three other proposed models based on the interpreted slab structure from tomographic images. The new reconstruction agrees with the basic characteristics of former trench retreat models but illustrates the importance of the collision of the Ogasawara Plateau with the trench in the mid-Miocene and its subsequent effect on the slab structure at depth and the impact of other aseismic ridge collisions along the plate boundary. The combination of evidence in changed physical properties imaged with tomography and the current interpreted slab morphology can be analyzed with the past plate motions to understand subduction zone processes.
Multiresolution wavelet analysis of heart rate variability for heart-failure and heart-transplant patients

We have carried out a study on a collection of elecirocardiograms from patients who suffer from congestive heart failure, heart-transplant patients, and normal subjects, using wavelet-based multiresolution techniques and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. The scale-dependent wavelet-coeficient standard deviation OW,V(m) is found to be superior to two commonly used heart-rate-variability me~ures for diagnosing cardiac dysfunction, the interbeat-interval standard deviation ~nt and the spectral scaling exponent 6. A recent IsraeliDanish study of diabetic patients that confirms our oh‘\ servations is discussed.
Development of the lightweight hydraulic quadruped robot — MiniHyQ

This paper presents the development of the lightweight hydraulic quadruped robot MiniHyQ. To the authors' best knowledge, MiniHyQ is the lightest and smallest hydraulic quadruped robot that has been built so far. MiniHyQ is a fully torque controlled robot. It has reconfigurable leg configurations. It has wide joint range of motion and an onboard compact power pack. The robot has almost the same leg length as the previous robot (HyQ [1], built by our group), but its link segment lengths are 15% less in flex configuration, due to the special isogram knee joint mechanism. Its weight is only 35kg (24kg with an offboard pump unit), which makes it portable by one person. To achieve this lightweight, miniature hydraulic actuators were carefully selected, allowing us to reduce the required pump size inside the torso. By using a hydraulic rotary actuator for the hip and linear actuators with isogram mechanism for the knee joint, a wider range of motion is achieved, allowing a self-righting motion. For the design validation and hardware testing, series of experiments are conducted on MiniHyQ single leg.
Unsupervised 3D shape segmentation and co-segmentation via deep learning

Article history: Available online 18 February 2016
Circulating IL-2 and IL-10 in Chronic Active Hepatitis C with Respect to the Response to IFN Treatment

Background: The importance of circulating immunoregulatory cytokines in response to IFN treatment and the change of in vivo production of these cytokines during interferion (IFN) treatment are not well known. We aimed to determine whether pretreatment serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 are predictive of the response to IFN treatment and to investigate if treatment response or nonresponse has any effect on the circulating levels of these cytokines. Patients and Methods: 37 patients (18 responders and 19 non-responders) with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received IFN-α2b for 6 months were studied. Responders were defined by complete alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and loss of HCV RNA as detected by bDNA assay while patients who had elevated ALT levels and positive HCV RNA after 6 months were considered as nonresponders. Results: Genotype distribution, ALT and HCG RNA levels were similar in responders and nonresponders. A significant number of patients with chronic hepatitis C (20/37 = 54%) had elevated IL-2 levels while IL-10 levels were not different from controls. No difference in baseline cytokine levels was observed between responders and non-responders. In the posttreatment serum samples some patients lost their detectable IL-2 or IL-10; some patients developed detectable cytokine levels after treatment irrespective of the treatment response. Conclusion: These results suggest that active liver injury in chronic hepatitis C is associated with increased circulating Th1 cytokine IL-2 but not with Th2 cytokine IL-10 and that circulating levels of these cytokines do not predict the response to IFN treatment. There is no constant and regular change in circulating levels of these cytokines under IFN treatment with respect to treatment response.
Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants.

BACKGROUND
Kangaroo mother care (KMC), originally defined as skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent and exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from hospital, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional neonatal care for low birthweight (LBW) infants.


OBJECTIVES
To determine whether there is evidence to support the use of KMC in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional neonatal care.


SEARCH STRATEGY
The standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Group was used. This included searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, POPLINE, CINAHL databases (from inception to January 31, 2011), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2011). In addition, we searched the web page of the Kangaroo Foundation, conference and symposia proceedings on KMC, and Google scholar.


SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials comparing KMC versus conventional neonatal care, or early onset KMC (starting within 24 hours after birth) versus late onset KMC (starting after 24 hours after birth) in LBW infants.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data collection and analysis were performed according to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.


MAIN RESULTS
Sixteen studies, including 2518 infants, fulfilled inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies evaluated KMC in LBW infants after stabilization, one evaluated KMC in LBW infants before stabilization, and one compared early onset KMC with late onset KMC in relatively stable LBW infants. Eleven studies evaluated intermittent KMC and five evaluated continuous KMC. At discharge or 40 - 41 weeks' postmenstrual age, KMC was associated with a reduction in the risk of mortality (typical risk ratio (RR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.93; seven trials, 1614 infants), nosocomial infection/sepsis (typical RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.73), hypothermia (typical RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.55), and length of hospital stay (typical mean difference 2.4 days, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.1). At latest follow up, KMC was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (typical RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.96; nine trials, 1952 infants) and severe infection/sepsis (typical RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Moreover, KMC was found to increase some measures of infant growth, breastfeeding, and mother-infant attachment.


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence from this updated review supports the use of KMC in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional neonatal care mainly in resource-limited settings. Further information is required concerning effectiveness and safety of early onset continuous KMC in unstabilized LBW infants, long term neurodevelopmental outcomes, and costs of care.
The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus RNA

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV) was determined. The RNA genome of ORSV is 6618 nucleotides long and contains five open reading frames (ORFs 1 to 5) coding for proteins of Mr 126 K, 181 K, 34 K, 18 K and 52 K, respectively. This is the longest RNA of the known viruses of theTobamovirus genus. The sequences of the ORSV RNA encoded proteins exhibit high homology to the proteins of the members of theTobamovirus genus. The genomic organization and sequence analysis showed that ORSV is more closely related to tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and TMV than to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV).
A Solution Processed Flexible Nanocomposite Electrode with Efficient Light Extraction for Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on multiple layers of vapor evaporated small molecules, indium tin oxide transparent electrode, and glass substrate have been extensively investigated and are being commercialized. The light extraction from the exciton radiative decay is limited to less than 30% due to plasmonic quenching on the metallic cathode and the waveguide in the multi-layer sandwich structure. Here we report a flexible nanocomposite electrode comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires stacked and embedded in the surface of a polymer substrate. Nanoparticles of barium strontium titanate are dispersed within the substrate to enhance light extraction efficiency. Green polymer OLED (PLEDs) fabricated on the nanocomposite electrode exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 118 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m(2) with the calculated external quantum efficiency being 38.9%. The efficiencies of white PLEDs are 46.7 cd/A and 30.5%, respectively. The devices can be bent to 3 mm radius repeatedly without significant loss of electroluminescent performance. The nanocomposite electrode could pave the way to high-efficiency flexible OLEDs with simplified device structure and low fabrication cost.
STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS TO ASSESS THE WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN HARIDWAR DISTRICT

A systematic study has been carried out to assess the water quality index of River Ganga in Haridwar District. 90 water samples from five sampling stations were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters (Temp, velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, C.O.D., B.O.D., Carbonate, Bicarbonate, total alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, sulphate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids.) The study area experiences a seasonal climate and broadly divided into three seasons as winter (November to February), Summer (March to June) and rainy (July to October). The samples were collected and analysed for two consecutive years 2007 and 2008. Each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter in river water as prescribed by different agencies. The analytical data of various physicochemical parameters indicates that some parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids , total suspended solids, turbidity and sodium are found to be in excess than the prescribed limit in some water samples of the study areas. The WQI value indicates that water samples of some sampling stations are quite unfit for drinking purpose because of high value of dissolved solids and sodium. It was also observed that the water in the year 2007 was of a better quality than in the year 2008. Suitable suggestions were made to improve the quality of river water.
Positive education: positive psychology and classroom interventions

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