LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Human Trafficking Is More Than Sex Trafficking and Prostitution Implications for Social Work

The human trafficking discussion has focused primarily on women and children who are trafficked for sexual exploitation. However, as social workers confront the issue, they require an understanding of the problem that also acknowledges individuals who are forced to work in other areas. This article critically examines the current discourse on human trafficking because the sole focus on women and children diverts attention from the study of trafficking within the context of globalization and the exploitation of labor. It analyzes the term human trafficking, particularly how it became linked to antiprostitution campaigns, and suggests guidelines for a framework that is grounded in social work values.
Voltage Sag Analysis in Loop Power Distribution System With SFCL

In this paper, the effects of a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) installed in loop power distribution systems on voltage sags are assessed and analyzed. The power distribution system will be operated to a type of loop. In this case, voltage drops (sags) are severe because of the increased fault current when a fault occurs. If SFCL is installed in the loop power distribution system, the fault current decreases based on the location and resistance value of the SFCL, and voltage sags are improved. In this paper, the improvement of the voltage sag is analyzed according to the fault location, resistance value of SFCL, and the length of the loop power distribution system. First, a resistor-type SFCL model is used using the PSCAD/EMTDC. Next, the loop power distribution system is modeled. Finally, when the SFCL is installed in the radial or loop power distribution system with various lengths, voltage sags are evaluated according to various fault locations. The results of voltage sag analysis in the loop system are compared with the voltage sags in radial power distribution system.
The Contributions of Explanation and Exploration to Children's Scientific Reasoning

There is substantial evidence that explanation and exploration can both foster causal learning, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown, especially in early childhood. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of new research on the relationship between explanation, exploration, and the development of scientific reasoning. I propose that explaining and exploring operate in tandem as hypothesis-generating and hypothesis-testing mechanisms. I review evidence in support of this claim by demonstrating that inconsistency with prior knowledge selectively motivates children to construct explanations, guides discovery-oriented behavior, and drives the early developing capacity to reason scientifically. I conclude with a discussion of the educational applications of research on the development of children’s scientific reasoning in informal learning settings.
Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045

The performance of a multilayer tungsten carbide tool was described using response surface methodology (RSM) when turning AISI 1045 steel. Cutting tests were performed with constant depth of cut and under dry cutting conditions. The factors investigated were cutting speed, feed and the side cutting edge angle (SCEA) of the cutting edge. The main cutting force, i.e. the tangential force and surface roughness were the response variables investigated. The experimental plan was based on the face centred, central composite design (CCD). The experimental results indicate that the proposed mathematical models suggested could adequately describe the performance indicators within the limits of the factors that are being investigated. The feed is the most significant factor that influences the surface roughness and the tangential force. However, there are other factors that provide secondary contributions to the performance indicators. In the case of surface roughness, the SCEA 2 and the interaction of feed and SCEA provides these contributions whilst for tangential force, the SCEA 2, the interaction of feed and SCEA; and the cutting speed provides them. © 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Function after spinal treatment, exercise and rehabilitation (FASTER): improving the functional outcome of spinal surgery

BACKGROUND
The life-time incidence of low back pain is high and diagnoses of spinal stenosis and disc prolapse are increasing. Consequently, there is a steady rise in surgical interventions for these conditions. Current evidence suggests that while the success of surgery is incomplete, it is superior to conservative interventions. A recent survey indicates that there are large differences in the type and intensity of rehabilitation, if any, provided after spinal surgery as well as in the restrictions and advice given to patients in the post-operative period. This trial will test the hypothesis that functional outcome following two common spinal operations can be improved by a programme of post-operative rehabilitation that combines professional support and advice with graded active exercise and/or an educational booklet based on evidence-based messages and advice.


METHODS/DESIGN
The study design is a multi-centre, factorial, randomised controlled trial with patients stratified by surgeon and operative procedure. The trial will compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme and an education booklet for the postoperative management of patients undergoing discectomy or lateral nerve root decompression, each compared with "usual care"using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The trial will create 4 sub-groups; rehabilitation-only, booklet-only, rehabilitation-plus-booklet, and usual care only. The trial aims to recruit 344 patients, which equates to 86 patients in each of the four sub-groups. All patients will be assessed for functional ability (through the Oswestry Disability Index - a disease specific functional questionnaire), pain (using visual analogue scales), and satisfaction pre-operatively and then at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 9 months and 1 year post-operatively. This will be complemented by a formal analysis of cost-effectiveness.


DISCUSSION
This trial will determine whether the outcome of spinal surgery can be enhanced by either a post-operative rehabilitation programme or an evidence-based advice booklet or a combination of the two and as such will contribute to our knowledge on how to manage spinal surgery patients in the post-operative period.
Personalized mobile advertising : Its key attributes , trends , and social impact

Article history: Received 4 January 2011 Received in revised form 1 August 2011 Accepted 13 August 2011 Available online 15 September 2011 Advertising media are a means of communication that creates different marketing and communication results among consumers. Over the years, newspaper, magazine, TV, and radio have provided a one-way media where information is broadcast and communicated. Due to the widespread application of the Internet, advertising has entered into an interactive communications mode. In the advent of 3G broadband mobile communication systems and smartphone devices, consumers' preferences can be pre-identified and advertising messages can therefore be delivered to consumers in a multimedia format at the right time and at the right place with the right message. In light of this new advertisement possibility, designing personalized mobile advertising to meet consumers' needs becomes an important issue. This research uses the fuzzy Delphi method to identify the key personalized attributes in a personalized mobile advertising message for different products. Results of the study identify six important design attributes for personalized advertisements: price, preference, promotion, interest, brand, and type of mobile device. As personalized mobile advertising becomes more integrated in people's daily activities, its pros and cons and social impact are also discussed. The research result can serve as a guideline for the key parties in mobile marketing industry to facilitate the development of the industry and ensure that advertising resources are properly used. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Modular Decomposition Method Based on Design Structure Matrix and Application

Modular decomposition is an effective means to achieve a complex system, but that of current part-component-based does not meet the needs of the positive development of the production. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) can simultaneously reflect the sequence, iteration, and feedback information, and express the parallel, sequential, and coupled relationship between DSM elements. This article, a modular decomposition method, named Design Structure Matrix Clustering modularize method, is proposed, concerned procedures are define, based on sorting calculate and clustering analysis of DSM, according to the rules of rows exchanges and columns exchange with the same serial number. The purpose and effectiveness of DSM clustering modularize method are confirmed through case study of assembly and calibration system for the large equipment.
Shadow detection and radiometric restoration in satellite high resolution images

In this paper a new transformation which enables us to detect boundaries of cast shadows in high resolution satellite images is introduced. The transformation is based on color invariant indices. Different radiometric restoration techniques such as gamma correction, linear-correlation correction and histogram matching are introduced in order to restore the brightness of detected shadow area
Vulvar melanoma with urethral invasion and bladder metastases – a case report and review of the literature

Corresponding author: Magdalena Magnowska MD, PhD Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology Division of Gynecologic Oncology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 33 Polna St 60-535 Poznan, Poland Phone: +48 618 419 330 Fax: +48 616 599 645 E-mail: magna5@op.pl 1 Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 2 Department of Biochemistry and Pathomorphology, Chair of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Selective upregulation of endothelin B receptor gene expression in severe pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND
The pulmonary circulation is an important site for the production and clearance of endothelin (ET)-1, a potent vasoactive and mitogenic peptide. Increased plasma ET-1 levels are observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT) and may contribute to the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance, as well as to proliferative changes in the pulmonary vascular bed.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We prospectively assessed changes in plasma big ET-1 levels and changes in ET(A) and ET(B) receptor gene expression in 14 consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for thromboembolic PHT. Plasma big ET-1 levels were higher in patients with PHT (median, 2.2 pg/mL; 25th to 75th percentile, 1.5 to 3.0 pg/mL) compared with age-matched controls (median, 1.2 pg/mL; 25th to 75th percentile, 1.0 to 1.4 pg/mL; P=0.002). In addition to increased plasma big ET-1 levels, selective upregulation of ET(B) receptor mRNA transcripts and immunoreactive protein in the pulmonary artery was observed in the patients; however, ET(A) receptor gene expression was unaffected.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that changes in the ET signaling system in PHT caused by thromboembolic disease are not limited to an increased production of ET-1: they also affect ET receptor gene expression.
Privatizing Social Security

This paper studies the political sustainability of the existing pay-as-you-go Social Security system in the face of recent demographic patterns. We analyze different approaches to privatizing the system and consider what it would require for them to be politically implementable. The analysis is based on an overlapping-generations economy where an initial generation would choose to implement a pay-asyou-go social insurance system. We study the sustainability of this system in each subsequent period. We describe some transition policies that make the current generations of agents at least as well off as the maintenance of the Social Security system. All feasible transition policies use debt to finance the benefits during the transition period, shifting at least some of the cost to unborn generations. Q 1999
The Scars of Childhood Adversity: Minor Stress Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms in Remitted Recurrently Depressed Adult Patients

BACKGROUND
Childhood adversity may lead to depressive relapse through its long-lasting influence on stress sensitivity. In line with the stress sensitization hypothesis, minor (daily) stress is associated with depressive relapse. Therefore, we examine the impact of childhood adversity on daily stress and its predictive value on prospectively assessed depressive symptoms in recurrently depressed patients.


METHOD
Daily stress was assessed in recurrently depressed adult patients, enrolled into two randomized trials while remitted. The reported intensity and frequency of dependent and independent daily stress was assessed at baseline. Independent stress is externally generated, for example an accident happening to a friend, while dependent stress is internally generated, for example getting into a fight with a neighbor. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed with childhood adversity, independent and dependent daily stress as predictor variables of prospectively measured depressive symptoms after three months of follow-up (n = 138).


RESULTS
We found that childhood adversity was not significantly associated with a higher frequency and intensity of daily stress. The intensity of both independent and dependent daily stress was predictive of depressive symptom levels at follow-up (unadjusted models respectively: B = 0.47, t = 2.05, p = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.02-0.92; B = 0.29, t = 2.20, p = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.03-0.55). No associations were found between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms at follow-up.


CONCLUSION
No evidence was found supporting stress sensitization due to the experience of childhood adversity in this recurrently depressed but remitted patient group. Nevertheless, our research indicates that daily stress might be a target for preventive treatment.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial A: Nederlands Trial Register NTR1907 Trial B: Nederlands Trial Register NTR2503.
Outcomes of Argatroban Treatment in Patients With Atherothrombotic Stroke: Observational Nationwide Study in Japan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Argatroban, a selective thrombin inhibitor, is recommended for the use in patients with atherothrombotic stroke by the Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. We performed a nationwide Japanese study to investigate whether argatroban improved early stroke outcomes in patients with acute atherothrombotic stroke.


METHODS
This retrospective observational study, using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, included patients who were hospitalized from July 1, 2010, to March 31, 2012, with a diagnosis of atherothrombotic stroke within 1 day of stroke onset. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those receiving argatroban on admission (argatroban group), and those who did not receive argatroban during hospitalization (control group). To balance the baseline characteristics and concomitant treatments during hospitalization between the 2 groups, one-to-one propensity-score matching analyses were performed. The main outcomes were the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications during hospitalization. An ordinal logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between argatroban use and modified Rankin Scale at discharge.


RESULTS
After propensity-score matching, 2289 pairs of patients were analyzed. There were no significant differences in modified Rankin Scale at discharge between the argatroban and the control groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.16). The occurrence of hemorrhagic complications did not differ significantly between the argatroban and the control groups (3.5% versus 3.8%; P=0.58).


CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggested that argatroban was safe, but had no added benefit in early outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke.
Improving Semantic Relevance for Sequence-to-Sequence Learning of Chinese Social Media Text Summarization

Task: Chinese social media text summarization Problem: Current Chinese social media text summarization models are based on an encoder-decoder framework. Although its generated summaries are similar to source texts literally, they have low semantic relevance. Proposal: a Semantic Relevance Based neural model to encourage high semantic similarity between texts and summaries. Example of RNN Generated Summary Text: 昨晚,中联航空成都飞北京一架航班被发现有多人吸烟。后 因天气原因,飞机备降太原机场。有乘客要求重新安检,机长决 定继续飞行,引起机组人员与未吸烟乘客冲突。 Last night, several people were caught to smoke on a flight of China United Airlines from Chendu to Beijing. Later the flight temporarily landed on Taiyuan Airport. Some passengers asked for a security check but were denied by the captain, which led to a collision between crew and passengers. RNN: 中联航空机场发生爆炸致多人死亡。 China United Airlines exploded in the airport, leaving several people dead. Gold: 航班多人吸烟机组人员与乘客冲突。 Several people smoked on a flight which led to a collision between crew and passengers.
Packing four copies of a tree into a complete graph

A graph G of order n is k-placeable if there exist k edge-disjoint copies of G in the complete graph Kn. Previous work characterized all trees that are k-placeable for k ≤ 3. This work extends those results by giving a complete characterization of all 4-placeable trees.
Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Brief Description of the Theory of Planned Behavior According to the theory, human behavior is guided by three kinds of considerations: beliefs about the likely outcomes of the behavior and the evaluations of these outcomes (behavioral beliefs), beliefs about the normative expectations of others and motivation to comply with these expectations (normative beliefs), and beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or impede performance of the behavior and the perceived power of these factors (control beliefs). In their respective aggregates, behavioral beliefs produce a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the behavior; normative beliefs result in perceived social pressure or subjective norm; and control beliefs give rise to perceived behavioral control. In combination, attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perception of behavioral control lead to the formation of a behavioral intention. As a general rule, the more favorable the attitude and subjective norm, and the greater the perceived control, the stronger should be the person's intention to perform the behavior in question. Finally, given a sufficient degree of actual control over the behavior, people are expected to carry out their intentions when the opportunity arises. Intention is thus assumed to be the immediate antecedent of behavior. However, because many behaviors pose difficulties of execution that may limit volitional control, it is useful to consider perceived behavioral control in addition to intention. To the extent that perceived behavioral control is veridical, it can serve as a proxy for actual control and contribute to the prediction of the behavior in question. The following figure is a schematic representation of the theory.
Advance directives for euthanasia in dementia: how do they affect resident care in Dutch nursing homes? Experiences of physicians and relatives.

OBJECTIVES
To gain insight into how advance directives for euthanasia affect resident care in Dutch nursing homes.


DESIGN
Survey of elderly care physicians and additional qualitative interviews with a selection of elderly care physicians and relatives of people with dementia who had an advance directive for euthanasia.


SETTING
Dutch nursing home practice.


PARTICIPANTS
Four hundred thirty-four elderly care physicians completed the general part of the questionnaire; 110 physicians provided case histories. Interviews were conducted with 11 physicians and eight relatives.


MEASUREMENTS
The questionnaire contained general questions about the incidence of advance directives for euthanasia in people with dementia. A second part involved questions about the most recent case of a person with dementia and an advance directive for euthanasia who had died. The interviews with elderly care physicians and relatives focused on further exploration of the decision-making process regarding adherence to the advance directive for euthanasia.


RESULTS
Despite law-based possibilities, advance directives for euthanasia of people with dementia were rarely adhered to, although they seem to have a supportive role in setting limitations on life-sustaining treatments. Elderly care physicians and relatives were found to be reluctant to adhere to advance directives for euthanasia. Not being able to engage in meaningful communication played a crucial role in this reluctance.


CONCLUSION
Advance directives for euthanasia are never adhered to in the Netherlands in the case of people with advanced dementia, and their role in advance care planning and end-of-life care of people with advanced dementia is limited. Communication with the patient is essential for elderly care physicians to consider adherence to an advance directive for euthanasia of a person with dementia.
Correlations and Copulas for Decision and Risk Analysis

The construction of a probabilistic model is a key step in most decision and risk analyses. Typically this is done by defining a joint distribution in terms of marginal and conditional distributions for the model’s random variables. We describe an alternative approach that uses a copula to construct joint distributions and pairwise correlations to incorporate dependence among the variables. The approach is designed specifically to permit the use of an expert’s subjective judgments of marginal distributions and correlations. The copula that underlies the multivariate normal distribution provides the basis for modeling dependence, but arbitrary marginals are allowed. We discuss how correlations can be assessed using techniques that are familiar to decision analysts. The approach is demonstrated in the context of a simple example. (Measures of Dependence, Spearman’s ρ, Copulas, Multivariate Normal Copula, Decision Analysis Process)