LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
RADAR – A randomised, multi-centre, prospective study comparing best medical treatment versus best medical treatment plus renal artery stenting in patients with haemodynamically relevant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

BACKGROUND
Prospective, international, multi-centre, randomised (1:1) trial to evaluate the clinical impact of percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting (PTRAS) on the impaired renal function measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with haemodynamically significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.


METHODS
Patients will be randomised to receive either PTRAS using the Dynamic Renal Stent system plus best medical treatment or best medical treatment. Renal stenting will be performed under angiographic imaging. For patients randomised to best medical treatment the degree of stenosis measured by renal duplex sonography (RDS) will be confirmed by MR angio or multi-slice CT where possible. Best medical treatment will be initiated at randomisation or post procedure (for PTRAS arm only), and adjusted as needed at all visits. Best medical treatment is defined as optimal drug therapy for control of the major risk factors (blood pressure < or = 125/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol < or = 100 mg/dL, HbA1c < or = 6.5%). Data recordings include serum creatinine values, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide, patients' medical history and concomitant medication, clinical events, quality of life questionnaire (SF-12v2), 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement, renal artery duplex ultrasound and echocardiography. Follow-up intervals are at 2, 6, 12 and 36 months following randomisation.The primary endpoint is the difference between treatments in change of eGFR over 12 months. Major secondary endpoints are technical success, change of renal function based on the eGFR slope change between pre-treatment and post-treatment (i.e. improvement, stabilisation, failure), clinical events overall such as renal or cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction, hospitalisation for congestive heart failure, progressive renal insufficiency (i.e. need for dialysis), need of target vessel revascularisation or target lesion revascularisation, change in average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, change in left ventricular mass index calculated from echocardiography, difference in the size of kidney (pole to pole length) measured by renal duplex sonography, total number, drug name, drug class, daily dose, regimen and Defined Daily Dose (DDD), of anti-hypertensive drugs, and change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Approximately 30 centres in Europe and South America will enrol patients. Duration of enrolment is expected to be 12 months resulting in study duration of 48 months.


TRIAL REGISTRATION



TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT00640406.
Partially labeled topic models for interpretable text mining

Abstract Much of the world's electronic text is annotated with human-interpretable labels, such as tags on web pages and subject codes on academic publications. Effective text mining in this setting requires models that can flexibly account for the textual patterns that underlie the observed labels while still discovering unlabeled topics. Neither supervised classification, with its focus on label prediction, nor purely unsupervised learning, which does not model the labels explicitly, is appropriate. In this paper, we present two new partially supervised generative models of labeled text, Partially Labeled Dirichlet Allocation (PLDA) and the Partially Labeled Dirichlet Process (PLDP). These models make use of the unsupervised learning machinery of topic models to discover the hidden topics within each label, as well as unlabeled, corpus-wide latent topics. We explore applications with qualitative case studies of tagged web pages from del.icio.us and PhD dissertation abstracts, demonstrating improved model interpretability over traditional topic models. We use the many tags present in our del.icio.us dataset to quantitatively demonstrate the new models' higher correlation with human relatedness scores over several strong baselines.
Evolving Ideas on the Origin and Evolution of Flowers: New Perspectives in the Genomic Era

The origin of the flower was a key innovation in the history of complex organisms, dramatically altering Earth's biota. Advances in phylogenetics, developmental genetics, and genomics during the past 25 years have substantially advanced our understanding of the evolution of flowers, yet crucial aspects of floral evolution remain, such as the series of genetic and morphological changes that gave rise to the first flowers; the factors enabling the origin of the pentamerous eudicot flower, which characterizes ∼70% of all extant angiosperm species; and the role of gene and genome duplications in facilitating floral innovations. A key early concept was the ABC model of floral organ specification, developed by Elliott Meyerowitz and Enrico Coen and based on two model systems,Arabidopsis thalianaandAntirrhinum majus Yet it is now clear that these model systems are highly derived species, whose molecular genetic-developmental organization must be very different from that of ancestral, as well as early, angiosperms. In this article, we will discuss how new research approaches are illuminating the early events in floral evolution and the prospects for further progress. In particular, advancing the next generation of research in floral evolution will require the development of one or more functional model systems from among the basal angiosperms and basal eudicots. More broadly, we urge the development of "model clades" for genomic and evolutionary-developmental analyses, instead of the primary use of single "model organisms." We predict that new evolutionary models will soon emerge as genetic/genomic models, providing unprecedented new insights into floral evolution.
SDN-Based Intrusion Detection System Literature review

The word of the network has been changed from a small group of interconnected devices to billions of devices servers, hosts, printers, Smartphone etc. This phenomena increase the requirements in term of network security. Decoupling the data and control planes Software Define Network (SDN) transforms traditional network architecture to reliable centralized manageable structure with programming ability. However, computer and network security is still the main concern for network and system administrator. Different types of software and hardware solutions are used to eliminate the dangers of attackers, but new type of attacks appear on daily bases. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has the availability to locate and identify malicious activity in the network by examining network traffic in real time. It gives administrators visibility and reliability to monitor and control their systems. This paper present a survey of various research efforts towards the development of intrusion detection system based on software define network. Keywords-SDN; IDS; OpenFlow
Bath thermal waters in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease associated with pain, reduced range of motion, and impaired function. Balneotherapy or bathing in thermal or mineral waters is used as a non-invasive treatment for various rheumatic diseases.


AIM
To evaluate the effectiveness of hot sulfurous and non-sulfurous waters in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.


DESIGN
A randomized, assessor-blind, controlled trial.


SETTING
A spa resort.


POPULATION
One hundred and forty patients of both genders, mean age of 64.8±8.9 years, with knee osteoarthritis and chronic knee pain.


METHODS
Patients were randomized into three groups: the sulfurous water (SW) group (N.=47), non-sulfurous water (NSW) group (N.=50), or control group (N.=43) who received no treatment. Patients were not blinded to treatment allocation. Treatment groups received 30 individual thermal baths (three 20-minute baths a week for 10 weeks) at 37-39 °C. The outcome measures were pain (visual analog scale, VAS), physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC; Lequesne Algofunctional Index, LAFI; Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ), and use of pain medication. Patients were assessed before treatment (T1), at treatment endpoint (T2), and two months post-intervention (T3). Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed at a significance level of 0.05 (P<0.05).


RESULTS
A significant decrease in VAS pain scores (pain during movement, at rest, and at night) and use of pain medication, and improvement in WOMAC, LAFI and HAQ scores were observed from baseline to T2 and T3 within treatment groups (P<0.001), and between controls and both treatment groups at T2 and T3 (P<0.001). No significant differences in these variables were observed between treatment groups at T2, but patients in the SW group reported less pain and better functional status than those in the NSW group at T3, showing a lasting effect of sulfurous water baths.


CONCLUSIONS
Both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis; however, sulfurous baths yielded longer-lasting effects than non-sulfurous water baths.


CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT
Baths in thermal waters, especially those in sulfurous waters, are effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells leads to transient reduction in proteinuria in treatment refractory patients with Idiopathic membranous nephropathy

BACKGROUND
The current treatment options for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) carry significant toxicity. In this prospective, observational pilot study, we used single time infusion of bone marrow derived autologous mononuclear cells (MNCs) in adult patients with treatment refractory IMN.


METHODS
Twelve patients of biopsy proven IMN who had failed a cyclical 6-month regimen of steroid and cyclophosphamide were enrolled in the study. Bone-marrow was harvested from the iliac crest and underwent processing to isolate MNCs. Cells were counted and subjected to viability testing before being infused through a peripheral vein on the same day. After the infusion, subjects were followed up monthly for the next six months. Supportive treatment including angiotensin antagonists and statins was continued throughout the study period.


RESULT
The proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine values at entry were 2.97 ± 0.6 gm/1.73 m2/d, 2.27 ± 1.1 gm/l and 0.9 ± 0.8 mg/dl respectively. There was a reduction in proteinuria (p < 0.0001), and increase in serum albumin (p = 0.001) at 1 month, with 64% of the subjects showing >50% reduction in proteinuria. However, the response was ill sustained. At 6 months, only 2 patients had >50% reduction. Serum creatinine remained stable throughout the study period. No infusion related side effects were noted.


CONCLUSION
Autologous mononuclear cell infusion leads to transitory reduction in proteinuria and improvement in serum albumin in treatment refractory IMN. This effect, however, is transient. Whether this can be overcome by repeated infusion of cultured mesenchymal cells needs to be investigated.
Variational interconnect analysis via PMTBR

We demonstrate an algorithm for interconnect modeling in the presence of process variation based on extension of the truncated balanced realization model reduction algorithm to multi-dimensional, parameter varying systems. Our scheme, based on a set of estimators of the variational TBR projection spaces, is simple to implement, contains embedded error estimators, and leads to nearly optimally sized models.
Diagnosis of cataracts.

Sir .—The resident seminar "Differential Diagnosis of Cataracts in Infancy and Children" ( Am J Dis Child 130:184, 1976) will be a useful reference. There are a number of points that deserve mention. The review overlooked cataracts associated with atopic dermatitis. 1.2 With the high incidence of atopic dermatitis (3% to 5% of the general pediatric population), this may be an important exclusion. Perhaps a slit-lamp examination should be routinely ordered for the child with chronic, moderate to severe eczema. Finally, corticosteroids are commonly used to treat chronic disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic renal disease. The incidence of cataracts in cortico steroid-treated patients varies from 10% to 38% in reported studies. 3.4 We currently recommend that a slit-lamp examination be performed at least every six months on all patients receiving corticosteroids regularly. This simple examination will complete the comprehensive care of children placed on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Integrating Mobile health and Physical Activity to reduce the burden of Chronic low back pain Trial (IMPACT): a pilot trial protocol

BACKGROUND
It is well recognised that low back pain is a significant public health problem and engagement in moderate levels of physical activity is associated with positive outcomes. Conservative active care, such as exercise, is effective in reducing pain and disability associated with chronic low back pain. However, a rapid decline in clinical outcomes is commonly seen after discharge from treatment.


METHODS/DESIGN
We will conduct a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a mobile health supported physical activity intervention (compared to standard care) in care-seeking, pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain after discharge from treatment. We will recruit 68 patients with chronic low back pain following discharge from an outpatient hospital program, who will be randomly allocated to the physical activity intervention (n = 34) or the standard care group (n = 34) and monitored for 6 months. The physical activity intervention will involve a physical activity advice booklet, a face-to-face health coaching session and 12 fortnightly follow-up telephone-based health coaching sessions. This intervention will be supported by provision of a specifically designed web app and a physical activity monitoring device (FitBit). The standard care group will receive the physical activity advice booklet only.


DISCUSSION
This pilot trial will investigate a new model to prevent clinical decline in people following conservative treatment for chronic low back pain. If proven to be effective, this approach will constitute a major advance in the management of low back pain. Chronic patients who experience recurrent pain and disability after treatment are prone to seek additional care in the form of physiotherapy, medication, emergency department attendance, specialist consultation or spinal surgery. This model aims to maintain functional levels and reduce care-seeking empowering patients to self-manage their low back pain by offering them a contemporary patient-centred physical activity program with the support of mobile health technology. The outcomes of this trial will have immediate implications for clinical practice.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ACTRN12615000189527 (26-02-2015).
A Fourth-Order Accurate Finite-Volume Method with Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Solving the Advection-Diffusion Equation

We present a fourth-order accurate algorithm for solving Poisson’s equation, the heat equation, and the advection-diffusion equation on a hierarchy of block-structured, adaptively refined grids. For spatial discretization, finite-volume stencils are derived for the divergence operator and Laplacian operator in the context of structured adaptive mesh refinement and a variety of boundary conditions; the resulting linear system is solved with a multigrid algorithm. For time integration, we couple the elliptic solver to a fourth-order accurate Runge–Kutta method, introduced by Kennedy and Carpenter [Appl. Numer. Math., 44 (2003), pp. 139–181], which enables us to treat the nonstiff advection term explicitly and the stiff diffusion term implicitly. We demonstrate the spatial and temporal accuracy by comparing results with analytical solutions. Because of the general formulation of the approach, the algorithm is easily extensible to more complex physical systems.
A split-face study of intense pulsed light on photoaging skin in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is regarded as the gold standard of nonablative photo-rejuvenation. Yet there is still a need to observe its efficacy and safety on dark skin using a split-face module.


STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four Chinese women with photoaging were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized to receive four IPL treatments at 3- to 4-week intervals on one side of face, with the other side spared as control. Changes of photoaging were evaluated using a global evaluation, an overall self-assessment, a Mexameter and a Corneometer. Skin biopsies were taken after four sessions of treatment on one side of face. The melanocyte density and the contents of melanin, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers were stained and used to evaluate the improvement on dyschromia and other signs of photoaging.


RESULTS
The global scores of photoaging on treated side decreased significantly from 3.02 to 1.22, while it remained unchanged on the untreated side. Twenty-one of 24 patients (87.5%) rated their improvement as excellent or good. The difference on the values of melanin index and erythema index on treated side were significantly larger than those on untreated side after the 1st session, the 4th session and at 3-month follow-up (P<0.05). The melanin contents were significantly decreased and the collagen fibers were obviously increased only on treated side (P<0.05). Adverse effects of treated side were limited to mild pain and transient erythema.


CONCLUSION
Using this split-face module, IPL treatment is proved both clinically and histologically to be effective in treating photoaging skin in Chinese population. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable.
Intraoperative solumedrol helps prevent postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.

BACKGROUND
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema and pneumonia are life threatening and seemingly unavoidable complications after pneumonectomy. We theorized that an intraoperative dose of intravenous steroids (as a prophylactic measure to reduce pulmonary injury to the remaining lung) just before pulmonary artery ligation might decrease this problem.


METHODS
Seventy-two patients (52 men) who had pneumonectomy during two time periods were studied prospectively. Thirty-five patients received 250 mg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solumedrol; Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) just before pulmonary artery ligation (S group) and 37 did not (non-S group). Groups were matched for known or suspected preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.


RESULTS
The incidence of postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema or adult respiratory distress syndrome was less in the S group (0 of 35, 0% versus 5 of 37, 13.5%, p = 0.049), the overall major complication rate was less in the S group (7 of 35, 20% versus 16 of 37, 43%, p = 0.04), and the length of hospital stay was shorter in the S group (6.1 days versus 11.9 days, p = 0.02). In addition, there were no bronchopleural fistulas in the S group compared with two (both right-sided) in the non-S group.


CONCLUSIONS
The intraoperative intravenous administration of 250 mg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate just before pulmonary artery ligation during pneumonectomy may reduce the incidence of postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema and adult respiratory distress syndrome as well as decrease other major complications and shorten the hospital stay. It does not seem to increase the incidence of bronchopleural fistula. Further randomized trials are needed.
A Comparative Study on Brain Tumor Analysis Using Image Mining Techniques

The growth of abnormal cells in the brain is called as Brain Tumor which affects the normal functionalities of the brain. It is one among the major leading cause for the human death. The causes for the brain tumors are unpredictable, because there are more than 120 types of brain tumors. Earlier diagnosis can save the life of a person. National Brain Tumor Society has given a survey that 31.7% in male and 34.4% in female are affected by brain tumor. American brain tumor association has given a survey that, more or less 70,000 people will be diagnosed in this year. Therefore, many researchers have proposed new system for the diagnosis of the brain tumor. We analyzed those research and finally summarized this paper with some conclusion about the efficiently and accuracy of those proposed systems. Keywords— ―Image mining, Preprocessing, Feature extraction, Image classification, Segmentation‖
Seafaring stressors aboard merchant and passenger ships

The aim of this study was to identify stressors in seafaring aboard merchant and passenger vessels. Furthermore, their dependence on occupational and non-occupational factors was assessed. A total of 134 male seafarers sailing under Germanflagged vessels were interviewed (response 81.3 %). The seamen rated the individual stress level of 23 different stressors aboard. Separation from their family (named 48 times), time pressure (30 times), long working days (28 times), heat in workplaces (24 times), and insufficient qualification of subordinate crew members (16 times) were regarded as the most important stressors aboard. In comparison to non-officers, officers stayed on board for considerably shorter periods (4.8 vs. 8.3 months) but had significantly more often an extremely high number of working hours (63.5 % vs. 21.1 %, Chi-square-test: p < 0.001). Correspondingly, officers complained more frequently of a higher stress level due to time pressure (52.4 % vs. 36.6 %). Particular attention should be paid to preventive organizational measures such as avoiding long-time separation from family, time-pressure, extremely long working days, and a long stay on board.
Independent comparative study of PCA, ICA, and LDA on the FERET data set

Face recognition is one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding and has gained much attention in recent years. Various algorithms were proposed and research groups across the world reported different and often contradictory results when comparing them. The aim of this paper is to present an independent, comparative study of three most popular appearance-based face recognition projection methods (PCA, ICA, and LDA) in completely equal working conditions regarding preprocessing and algorithm implementation. We are motivated by the lack of direct and detailed independent comparisons of all possible algorithm implementations (e.g., all projection–metric combinations) in available literature. For consistency with other studies, FERET data set is used with its standard tests (gallery and probe sets). Our results show that no particular projection–metric combination is the best across all standard FERET tests and the choice of appropriate projection–metric combination can only be made for a specific task. Our results are compared to other available studies and some discrepancies are pointed out. As an additional contribution, we also introduce our new idea of hypothesis testing across all ranks when comparing performance results. VC 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 252–260, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20059