LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Deep Bag-of-Features Model for Music Auto-Tagging

Feature learning and deep learning have drawn great attention in recent years as a way of transforming input data into more effective representations using learning algorithms. Such interest has grown up in the area of music information retrieval (MIR) as well, particularly in music classification tasks such as auto-tagging. While a number of promising results have been shown, it is not well understood what acoustic sense the learned feature representations have and how they are associated with semantic meaning of music. In this paper, we attempt to demystify the learned audio features using a bag-of-features model with two learning stages. The first stage learns to project local acoustic patterns of musical signals onto a high-dimensional sparse space in an unsupervised manner and summarizes an audio track as a bag-of-features. The second stage maps the bag-of-features to semantic tags using deep neural networks in a supervised manner. For the first stage, we focus on analyzing the learned local audio features by quantitatively measuring the acoustic properties and interpreting the statistics in semantic context. For the second stage, we examine training choices and tuning parameters for the neural networks and show how the deep representations of bag-of-features become more discriminative. Through this analysis, we not only provide better understanding of learned local audio features but also show the effectiveness of the deep bag-of-features model in the music autotagging task.
Wideband 80 W balanced power amplifier for ISM and LTE-bands

An 80 W balanced GaN-HEMT power amplifier for 2.45-2.70 GHz using branch-line couplers is presented in this paper. Its performance is compared to a single-transistor solution. The analysis shows that a balanced amplifier is favorable because it simplifies measures to ensure electrical stability and allows better heat sinking.
Comparison of 15-year survival for men and women after initial medical or surgical treatment for coronary artery disease: a CASS registry study. Coronary Artery Surgery Study.

OBJECTIVES
This study compared the rates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and 15-year survival for men and women after initial medical or surgical management.


BACKGROUND
There has been concern that women with coronary artery disease are managed differently than men and that men and women have a different prognosis. The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry is a large data base of well characterized patients with long-term follow-up.


METHODS
Patients underwent cardiac catheterization at 1 of 15 hospitals during 1974 to 1979. Bypass surgery rates were based on 12,452 men and 2,366 women. Survival results were based on 6,018 men and 1,095 women with operable coronary artery disease and initial medical management and 6,922 men and 1,291 women initially managed surgically.


RESULTS
At 15 years, bypass surgery rates were 75% for men and 72% for women (p = 0.91). The rates remained similar after adjustment for clinical and angiographic variables. The 15-year survival rate was 50% for men and 49% for women with initial medical treatment (p = 0.53) and 52% for men and 48% for women (p = 0.004) with initial surgical treatment, a difference similar to that for operative mortality (men 2.5%, women 5.3%, p < 0.0001). Survival was improved by bypass surgery in most subgroups, with largest relative risks for high risk patients. Relative risks were similar for men and women.


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of bypass surgery did not differ between men and women. There were few differences in the survival of men and women. In general, both men and women with initial surgical treatment survived longer, although benefits were clinically and statistically significant only in those at high risk. The benefit was similar in both men and women.
Relationship between clinical outcomes and vessel size in endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal lesions.

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) for femoropopliteal (FP) lesions and vessel diameter. Several studies have reported a relationship between the outcome of EVT for FP lesions and lesion characteristics. However, the relationship with vessel diameter has not been explored.


METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 2656 patients with 3340 de novo FP lesions (mean age, 73.9 ± 9 years; 70% male) who underwent EVT from January 2004 to December 2011. We classified the lesions into four groups according to the vessel diameter: group 1, ≤4 mm; group 2, 4 to 5 mm; group 3, 5 to 6 mm; and group 4, >6 mm. We investigated the relationship between the outcomes of EVT and vessel diameter. The primary outcome measure was restenosis, and the secondary outcome measures were target lesion revascularization and major adverse limb events.


RESULTS
The restenosis rate at 3 years in group 1 was significantly higher compared with the other groups (62.2%, 35.7%, 37.1%, and 41.0% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; log-rank, P < .0001). The outcome among small vessels was significantly worse in the stent group, and the outcomes for target lesion revascularization and major adverse limb events were similar. After adjustment, a small vessel ≤4 mm remained an independent predictor of restenosis (hazard ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-1.98; P < .0001).


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that vessel diameter, especially a small vessel ≤4 mm, was associated with poor EVT outcomes. The tendency was particularly evident in the stent group, which suggested that primary stenting should not necessarily be recommended for small vessels.
The alpha form of human tryptase is the predominant type present in blood at baseline in normal subjects and is elevated in those with systemic mastocytosis.

Tryptase, a protease produced by all mast cells, was evaluated as a clinical marker of systemic mastocytosis. Two sandwich immunoassays were evaluated, one which used the mAb G5 for capture, the other which used B12 for capture. The B12 capture assay measured both recombinant alpha- and beta-tryptase, whereas the G5 capture assay measured primarily recombinant beta-tryptase. G5 binds with low affinity to both recombinant alpha-tryptase and tryptase in blood from normal and nonacute mastocytosis subjects, and binds with high affinity to recombinant beta-tryptase, tryptase in serum during anaphylaxis, and tryptase stored in mast cell secretory granules. B12 recognizes all of these forms of tryptase with high affinity. As reported previously, during systemic anaphylaxis in patients without known mastocytosis, the ratio of B12- to G5-measured tryptase was always < 5 and approached unity (Schwartz L.B., T.R. Bradford, C. Rouse, A.-M. Irani, G. Rasp, J.K. Van der Zwan and P.-W.G. Van der Linden, J. Clin. Immunol. 14:190-204). In this report, most mastocytosis patients with systemic disease have B12-measured tryptase levels that are elevated (> 20 ng/ml) and are at least 10-fold greater than the corresponding G5-measured tryptase level. Most of those subjects with B12-measured tryptase levels of < 20 ng/ml had only cutaneous manifestations. The B12 assay for alpha-tryptase and beta-tryptase, particularly when performed in conjunction with the G5 assay for beta-tryptase, provides a more precise measure of mast cell involvement than currently available assessments, a promising potential screening test for systemic mastocytosis and may provide an improved means to follow disease progression and response to therapy.
Child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation: a review of promising prevention policies and programs.

Child trafficking, including commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), is one of the fastest growing and most lucrative criminal activities in the world. The global enslavement of children affects countless numbers of victims who are trafficked within their home countries or transported away from their homes and treated as commodities to be bought, sold, and resold for labor or sexual exploitation. All over the world, girls are particularly likely to be trafficked into the sex trade: Girls and women constitute 98% of those who are trafficked for CSE. Health and safety standards in exploitative settings are generally extremely low, and the degree of experienced violence has been linked with adverse physical, psychological, and social-emotional development. The human-rights-based approach to child trafficking provides a comprehensive conceptual framework whereby victim-focused and law enforcement responses can be developed, implemented, and evaluated. This article highlights promising policies and programs designed to prevent child trafficking and CSE by combating demand for sex with children, reducing supply, and strengthening communities. The literature reviewed includes academic publications as well as international and governmental and nongovernmental reports. Implications for social policy and future research are presented.
Mapping of angular leaf spot resistance QTL in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different environments

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume for human diet worldwide and the angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most devastating diseases of this crop, leading to yield losses as high as 80%. In an attempt to breed resistant cultivars, it is important to first understand the inheritance mode of resistance and to develop tools that could be used in assisted breeding. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to ALS under natural infection conditions in the field and under inoculated conditions in the greenhouse. QTL analyses were made using phenotypic data from 346 recombinant inbreed lines from the IAC-UNA x CAL 143 cross, gathered in three experiments, two of which were conducted in the field in different seasons and one in the greenhouse. Joint composite interval mapping analysis of QTL x environment interaction was performed. In all, seven QTLs were mapped on five linkage groups. Most of them, with the exception of two, were significant in all experiments. Among these, ALS10.1DG,UC presented major effects (R2 between 16% - 22%). This QTL was found linked to the GATS11b marker of linkage group B10, which was consistently amplified across a set of common bean lines and was associated with the resistance. Four new QTLs were identified. Between them the ALS5.2 showed an important effect (9.4%) under inoculated conditions in the greenhouse. ALS4.2 was another major QTL, under natural infection in the field, explaining 10.8% of the variability for resistance reaction. The other QTLs showed minor effects on resistance. The results indicated a quantitative inheritance pattern of ALS resistance in the common bean line CAL 143. QTL x environment interactions were observed. Moreover, the major QTL identified on linkage group B10 could be important for bean breeding, as it was stable in all the environments. Thereby, the GATS11b marker is a potential tool for marker assisted selection for ALS resistance.
Predictors and Associations With Outcomes of Length of Hospital Stay in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: Results From VERITAS.

BACKGROUND
The length of hospital stay (LOS) is important in patients admitted for acute heart failure (AHF) because it prolongs an unpleasant experience for the patients and adds substantially to health care costs.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined the association between LOS and baseline characteristics, 10-day post-discharge HF readmission, and 90-day post-discharge mortality in 1347 patients with AHF enrolled in the VERITAS program. Longer LOS was associated with greater HF severity and disease burden at baseline; however, most of the variability of LOS could not be explained by these factors. LOS was associated with a higher HF risk of both HF readmission (odds ratio for 1-day increase: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.16; P = .019) and 90-day mortality (hazard ratio for 1-day increase: 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.07; P < .001), although these associations are partially explained by concurrent end-organ damage and worsening heart failure during the first days of admission.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients who have been admitted for AHF, longer length of hospital stay is associated with a higher rate of short-term mortality.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
VERITAS-1 and -2: Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers NCT00525707 and NCT00524433.
Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour.

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Emote aloud during learning with AutoTutor: Applying the Facial Action Coding System to cognitive–affective states during learning

In an attempt to discover the facial action units for affective states that occur during complex learning, this study adopted an emote-aloud procedure in which participants were recorded as they verbalized their affective states while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system (AutoTutor). Participants’ facial expressions were coded by two expert raters using Ekman’s Facial Action Coding System and analyzed using association rule mining techniques. The two expert raters received an overall Kappa that ranged between .76 to .84. The association rule mining analysis uncovered facial actions associated with confusion, frustration, and boredom. We discuss these rules and the prospects of enhancing AutoTutor with nonintrusive affect-sensitive capabilities.
Duration of withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit and association with family satisfaction.

RATIONALE
Most deaths in the intensive care unit (ICU) involve withholding or withdrawing multiple life-sustaining therapies, but little is known about how to proceed practically and how this process affects family satisfaction.


OBJECTIVES
To examine the duration of life-support withdrawal and its association with overall family satisfaction with care in the ICU.


METHODS
We studied family members of 584 patients who died in an ICU at 1 of 14 hospitals after withdrawal of life support and for whom complete medical chart and family questionnaires were available.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Data concerning six life-sustaining interventions administered during the last 5 days of life were collected. Families were asked to rate their satisfaction with care using the Family Satisfaction in the ICU questionnaire. For nearly half of the patients (271/584), withdrawal of all life-sustaining interventions took more than 1 day. Patients with a prolonged (>1 d) life-support withdrawal were younger, stayed longer in the ICU, had more life-sustaining interventions, had less often a diagnosis of cancer, and had more decision makers involved. Among patients with longer ICU stays, a longer duration in life-support withdrawal was associated with an increase in family satisfaction with care (P = 0.037). Extubation before death was associated with higher family satisfaction with care (P = 0.009).


CONCLUSIONS
Withdrawal of life support is a complex process that depends on patient and family characteristics. Stuttering withdrawal is a frequent phenomenon that seems to be associated with family satisfaction. Extubation before death should be encouraged if possible.
Towards Fast Computation of Certified Robustness for ReLU Networks

Verifying the robustness property of a general Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) network is an NPcomplete problem. Although finding the exact minimum adversarial distortion is hard, giving a certified lower bound of the minimum distortion is possible. Current available methods of computing such a bound are either time-consuming or deliver low quality bounds that are too loose to be useful. In this paper, we exploit the special structure of ReLU networks and provide two computationally efficient algorithms (Fast-Lin,Fast-Lip) that are able to certify non-trivial lower bounds of minimum adversarial distortions. Experiments show that (1) our methods deliver bounds close to (the gap is 2-3X) exact minimum distortions found by Reluplex in small networks while our algorithms are more than 10,000 times faster; (2) our methods deliver similar quality of bounds (the gap is within 35% and usually around 10%; sometimes our bounds are even better) for larger networks compared to the methods based on solving linear programming problems but our algorithms are 3314,000 times faster; (3) our method is capable of solving large MNIST and CIFAR networks up to 7 layers with more than 10,000 neurons within tens of seconds on a single CPU core. In addition, we show that there is no polynomial time algorithm that can approximately find the minimum `1 adversarial distortion of a ReLU network with a 0.99 lnn approximation ratio unless NP=P, where n is the number of neurons in the network. Equal contribution Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA UC Davis, Davis, CA Harvard University, Cambridge, MA UT Austin, Austin, TX. Source code is available at https://github.com/huanzhang12/CertifiedReLURobustness. Correspondence to: Tsui-Wei Weng <twweng@mit.edu>, Huan Zhang <huan@huan-zhang.com>. Proceedings of the 35 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Stockholm, Sweden, PMLR 80, 2018. Copyright 2018 by the author(s).
Effects of structured heart failure disease management on mortality and morbidity depend on patients' mood: results from the Interdisciplinary Network for Heart Failure Study.

AIMS
Depression is common in heart failure (HF) and associated with adverse outcomes. Randomized comparisons of the effectiveness of HF care strategies by patients' mood are scarce. We therefore investigated in a randomized trial a structured collaborative disease management programme (HeartNetCare-HF™; HNC) recording mortality, morbidity, and symptoms in patients enrolled after hospitalization for decompensated systolic HF according to their responses to the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) during an observation period of 180 days.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Subjects scoring <12/≥12 were categorized as non-depressed/depressed, and those ignoring the questionnaire as PHQ-deniers. Amongst 715 participants (69 ± 12 years, 29% female), 141 (20%) were depressed, 466 (65%) non-depressed, and 108 (15%) PHQ-deniers. The composite endpoint of mortality and re-hospitalization was neutral overall and in all subgroups. However, HNC reduced mortality risk in both depressed and non-depressed patients [adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.56, P = 0.006, and 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.93, P = 0.03, respectively], but not in PHQ-deniers (HR 1.74, 95% CI 0.77-3.96, P = 0.19; P = 0.006 for homogeneity of HRs). Average frequencies of patient contacts in the HNC arm were 12.8 ± 7.9 in non-depressed patients, 12.4 ± 7.1 in depressed patients, and 5.5 ± 7.2 in PHQ-deniers (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Early after decompensation, HNC reduced mortality risk in non-depressed and even more in depressed subjects, but not in PHQ-deniers. This suggests that differential acceptability and chance of success of care strategies such as HNC might be predicted by appropriate assessment of patients' baseline characteristics including psychological disposition. These post-hoc results should be reassessed by prospective evaluation of HNC in larger HF populations.
MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software

UNLABELLED
We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or protein sequences from an evolutionary perspective. MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by: (1) facilitating analyses of large datasets; (2) enabling creation and analyses of groups of sequences; (3) enabling specification of domains and genes; (4) expanding the repertoire of statistical methods for molecular evolutionary studies; and (5) adding new modules for visual representation of input data and output results on the Microsoft Windows platform.


AVAILABILITY
http://www.megasoftware.net.


CONTACT
s.kumar@asu.edu
Cardiac and extracardiac cytoprotective effects of GHRP 6 peptide

Introduction The growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP6) is a synthetic, six-aminoacid peptide, with the sequence His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2. It was originally described as an intestinal Met-enkephalin-derived agent that strongly stimulates the growth hormone release in different mammalian species, also in humans [1, 2]. The GHRP6 and its synthetic analogs are currently used for the clinical diagnosis of different forms of dwarfism [3]. Up to date, its described cytoprotective effects were related to the prevention of cardiac ischemic dysfunction [4-6] and to its hormonal axis-mediated neuroprotective actions [7]. However, current knowledge on GHRP6 and analogous peptides points towards different target structures and different intracellular signaling pathways, and their specific combination depending on the biological context where the given peptide is evaluated [8]. This is the only plausible explanation for the versatile pharmacological effects recently described for these molecules, including the present report. The aim of the present work was to study the potential cytoprotective pharmacological effect of GHRP6 hexapeptide as an anti-necrotic and antiapoptotic cell death agent in cardiac and extracardiac tissues subjected to different lethal insults. For this purpose, a series of versatile in vivo tissular damage models were implemented, induced by ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) episodes and the administration of a cytotoxic agent. In the case of I/R damage, the molecule was formerly evaluated for cytopro-tection in a provoked acute myocardial infarction (AMI) scenario in pigs, being further evaluated in a multiple organ damage (MOD) model started in rats by a prolonged I/R episode in the liver, and finally in a dilated myocardiopathy (DMC) model induced in rats by the prolonged administration of doxorubicin (DX). The main results obtained are briefly described in the following sections.
1 Sustainable business models : a review 2

A sustainable business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, 12 delivers, and captures value, in economic, social, cultural or other contexts in a sustainable way. The 13 process of sustainable business model construction forms an innovative part of business strategy. 14 Different industries and business types have utilized sustainability business models to satisfy their 15 economic, environmental and social goals simultaneously. This study is conducted to present the 16 state of the art of sustainable business models in various application areas. The business models are 17 classified and reviewed in different application groups. To do so, a review is conducted, and the 18 findings reveal that the application of sustainability business models can be classified in 16 unique 19 categories. The key contribution of this study is providing an insight about the state of the art of 20 sustainable business models in various application areas and its research path. 21