LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A multicentre case control study on complicated coeliac disease: two different patterns of natural history, two different prognoses

BACKGROUND
Coeliac disease is a common enteropathy characterized by an increased mortality mainly due to its complications. The natural history of complicated coeliac disease is characterised by two different types of course: patients with a new diagnosis of coeliac disease that do not improve despite a strict gluten-free diet (type A cases) and previously diagnosed coeliac patients that initially improved on a gluten-free diet but then relapsed despite a strict diet (type B cases). Our aim was to study the prognosis and survival of A and B cases.


METHODS
Clinical and laboratory data from coeliac patients who later developed complications (A and B cases) and sex- and age-matched coeliac patients who normally responded to a gluten-free diet (controls) were collected among 11 Italian centres.


RESULTS
87 cases and 136 controls were enrolled. Complications tended to occur rapidly after the diagnosis of coeliac disease and cumulative survival dropped in the first months after diagnosis of complicated coeliac disease. Thirty-seven cases died (30/59 in group A, 7/28 in group B). Type B cases presented an increased survival rate compared to A cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Complicated coeliac disease is an extremely serious condition with a high mortality and a short survival. Survival depends on the type of natural history.
Improved kinematics of unrestrained arm raising in C5–C6 tetraplegic subjects after deltoid-to-triceps transfer

Study design: Prospective comparative study.Objective: To determine whether control of upper limb joint synergy during unrestrained arm raising involving shoulder and elbow flexion is modified by deltoid-to-triceps transfer.Setting: Rehabilitation unit for spinal cord injury patients, France.Methods: Five C6 subjects with C5–C6 tetraplegia sustained posterior deltoid-to-triceps transfer and were compared to a control group of 11 subjects. Kinematics of shoulder and elbow joints before, 6 month and 1 year after surgery, during straight-arm raising (SAR) in the plane of the scapula and hand-to-nape-of-neck movements (HNNMs) were explored. Motion was recorded with a six-camera Vicon motion analysis system and the data used to assess the coupling of elbow and shoulder flexion velocities (EFVs and SFVs) and extension velocities.Results: All subjects were initially assessed at 6.9 months (mean) postsurgery. Three of the upper limbs were assessed a second time (mean 17.9 months). The first assessment showed an increase in shoulder flexion amplitudes in tetraplegic subjects with presurgery shoulder flexion deficits. Peak SFVs and EFVs and extension velocities were slightly modified at the first postsurgery assessment and dramatically improved at the second assessment during both SAR and HNNM. Despite these increased velocities, joint coordination was only partially restored.Conclusion: A restored elbow active extension improves the speed of elbow flexion. The additional improvement of shoulder motion emphasises the relation between joints in the control of arm movement.
The Effects of Gender on the Biomechanics of the Hip During Athletic Maneuvers

Context: Females are two to eight times more likely to sustain an ACL injury than males participating in the same sport. The primary mechanism reported for noncontact ACL injury involves landing from a jump, unanticipated change of direction, and/or deceleration activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescent female athletes perform athletic activities with decreased hip and knee flexion angles, and decreased EMG activity of the gluteus medius relative to their male counterparts. Design: Cohort study from local club basketball teams. Setting: University Laboratory. Participants: Ten healthy adolescent basketball athletes (5 females, 5 males). Interventions: Each participant was instructed to jump over a barrier, land with each foot on a floor-mounted force plate, and cut in a specific direction. Participants made a side cut either to the right or left, or stepped forward into a straight run. Each subject performed fifteen (15) randomized jump, land, and unanticipated cutting maneuvers. Main outcome measures: The peak electromyography (EMG) and ground reaction force (GRF) [normalized with body weight] data were analyzed during the landing for the three cutting directions. Kinematic variables include joint angles for the ankle, knee and hip at landing and push off. Analysis: Independent samples t-tests examined differences between the genders for dependent variables. Results: No differences were noted for the left or right EMG amplitudes or muscle onsets. The joint angle in the left ankle (p = 0.019) during peak knee flexion of the left cut demonstrated the females performed tasks with greater dorsiflexion angles than males. However, during the peak GRF of the center cut in the right ankle (p = 0.012) males had greater dorsiflexion. The male participants sustained greater anterior forces in the left leg during the peak knee flexion angle (p = 0.022) and push off (p = 0.040) during the left cut. The male participants sustained lateral forces and female participants sustained medial forces (p = 0.010) during the center cut. The female participants sustained greater anterior forces in the right leg than the males (p = 0.041) during the peak knee flexion angles, and that females sustained anterior forces, while the male’s sustained posterior forces (p = 0.009) in the right leg during peak GRF. The male participants sustained greater medial forces during the peak knee flexion angles (p = 0.031) compared to the female participants. Clinical relevance: This study may advance our understanding of potential forces and muscle activation strategies about the ankle, knee, and hip during sport specific activities as our findings suggest women might sustain different forces during landing and cutting.
Norms and Construct Validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Canadian High School Populations: Implications for Counselling

A random sample of Alberta high schools yielded data for 1,084 males and 1,024 females. Measures completed included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Within each age and sex group a strong, unrotated factor was invariant. There was significant variation of mean scores across age-groups within female students. In each age group females had significantly lower selfesteem than males. Evidence of construct validity is derived from correlations with behaviour problem categories; the McMaster measure of family relationships; and self-completion measures of school climate, and physical and sexual victimization in school. Possible uses for selfesteem measures in school counselling are proposed.
Can Sequential Administration Minimise the Cost of High Dose Chemotherapy?

Objective: To evaluate the potential cost savings of using sequential high dose chemotherapy (HDC), with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) and stem cell support, rather than single course administration of HDC with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Perspective: French public hospital perspective. Methods: Direct medical costs of sequential treatment, estimated on the basis of physical quantities of resources consumed by 95 patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) included in a French pilot multicentric trial (PEGASE 02), were compared with those of historical control groups of patients treated with single course HDC, either with BMT (n = 27) or PBSCT (n = 14). Costs were evaluated in 1998 French francs (1 € = 6.55957 French francs). Results: The total cost of sequential HDC was significantly lower than that for single course HDC both with BMT (−29%; €22 755 vs €32 284; p < 0.001) or PBSCT (−16%; €22 755 vs €27209; p = 0.026). This was mainly due to a reduction in the length of hospitalisation in transplantation units. Conclusion: According to our results, economic arguments cannot be used against the widespread use of sequential HDC for patients with IBC. However, further economic evaluations based on overall and disease-free survivals alongside a randomised clinical trial are still needed to definitively establish the cost effectiveness of sequential administration of HDC.
Toward Ubiquitous Blood Pressure Monitoring via Pulse Transit Time: Predictions on Maximum Calibration Period and Acceptable Error Limits

Objective: Pulse transit time (PTT) is being widely pursued for ubiquitous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. PTT-based systems may require periodic cuff calibrations but can still be useful for hypertension screening by affording numerous out-of-clinic measurements that can be averaged. The objective was to predict the maximum calibration period that would not compromise accuracy and acceptable error limits in light of measurement averaging for PTT-based systems. Methods: Well-known mathematical models and vast BP data were leveraged. Models relating PTT, age, and gender to BP were employed to determine the maximum time period for the PTT–BP calibration curve to change by <1 mmHg over physiological BP ranges for each age and gender. A model of within-person BP variability was employed to establish the screening accuracy of the conventional cuff-based approach. These models were integrated to investigate the screening accuracy of the average of numerous measurements of a PTT-based system in relation to the accuracy of its individual measurements. Results: The maximum calibration period was about 1 year for a 30 year old and declined linearly to about 6 months for a 70 year old. A PTT-based system with a precision error of >12 mmHg for systolic BP could achieve the screening accuracy of the cuff-based approach via measurement averaging. Conclusion: This theoretical study indicates that PTT-based BP monitoring is viable even with periodic calibration and seemingly high measurement errors.  Significance: The predictions may help guide the implementation, evaluation, and application of PTT-based BP monitoring systems in practice.
FPGA PUF Based on Programmable LUT Delays

Strong and efficient techniques are required for chip authentication and secret key generation by integrated circuits (IC). This paper presents a novel approach toward an FPGA friendly Ring Oscillator (RO) based Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). In this design the internal variations of FPGA Look-Up Tables are exploited to generate a PUF response. Statistical tests were performed to study the strength of this PUF. Moreover, stability is compared with the state of the art reported in literature to date. Our design has been tested on 31 Spartan-3e devices and the results are promising with inter-device Hamming distance of 48.3%, Uniformity 50.13%, Bit-aliasing 51.8%, Reliability 97.88%, and Steadiness 99.5%. Furthermore, we also analyzed the frequencies to extract the random variation offered by our design.
Breast cancer recurrence dynamics following adjuvant CMF is consistent with tumor dormancy and mastectomy-driven acceleration of the metastatic process.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to better understand human breast cancer biology by studying how the timing of metastasis following primary resection is affected by adjuvant CMF (cyclophoshamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Discrete hazards of recurrence and recurrence risk reductions for treated patients relative to controls were analyzed for all patients enrolled in two separate randomized clinical trials [study 1 (386 women): no further treatment versus 12 cycles of CMF; study 2 (459 women): six versus 12 cycles of CMF] and a historical group (396 women: surgery alone) of axillary node-positive patients undergoing mastectomy.


RESULTS
(i) Nearly all CMF benefit occurs during the first 4 years following resection/chemotherapy. (ii) The CMF recurrence rate reduction is largely restricted to two specific spans. These temporally separate recurrence clusters occur during the first and third year of follow-up, while the second-year recurrences are weakly affected. (iii) Prolonging adjuvant treatment from 6 to 12 months partially alters this recurrence timing, without appreciably affecting the overall recurrence rate. (iv) These effects upon the dynamics of post-resection occurrence are menopausal status-independent.


CONCLUSIONS
At least two different therapeutically vulnerable proliferative events, resulting in clinical appearance of two metastasis temporally distinct clusters of post-resection cancer recurrence, apparently occur during the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Metastases that transpire outside of these temporal windows are refractory to adjuvant therapy. The dynamics of both post-treatment recurrence risk and CMF effectiveness are similar for both pre- and postmenopausal women, suggesting that post-resection mechanisms by which chemotherapy prevents metastases are similar, but of different magnitude in pre- and postmenopausal women. These findings are consistent with a metastasis model that includes tumor dormancy in specific micrometastatic phases (single cells and avascular foci) and with the acceleration of the metastatic process by the surgical resection of the primary breast cancer.
The new medical model: why medicine needs philosophy.

Philosophy of medicine has been defined as “a systematic set of ways for articulating, clarifying, and addressing the philosophical issues in medicine.”[1][1] This burgeoning field has featured in several recent issues of CMAJ , most notably in Jonathan Fuller’s latest article, “The new
Surveillance system using IP camera and face-detection algorithm

This paper presents an efficient video surveillance system which consists of a network camera and an algorithm for automatically detection of the human faces in the monitoring area via real time video contents analysis. The main contribution of this research consists in a software application which is able to process the images received from the camera in order to detect human faces and trigger the process of saving the live stream as a video file. The algorithm for face-detection is based on the integral image (summed area table) - a model which allows the calculation of the sum of all pixels values from any rectangular area in the original image by doing only four operations of addition or subtraction. In addition, the application also includes a file containing data about needed tests in the detection algorithm by analyzing multiple images as templates. The application is written in C# language and experimental results are presented for images with different sizes and backgrounds.
Echogenic technology can improve needle visibility during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.

Needle tip visualization is fundamental to the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA). It can be extremely challenging especially at steep insertion angles. We assessed whether an echogenic needle improved tip visibility during UGRA by anesthesiologists performing their normal in-plane technique. The visibility of the Pajunk Sonoplex (echogenic) and the Pajunk Uniplex (control) needle were compared during 60 nerve blocks (30 femoral, 30 sciatic) in this randomized controlled trial. All ultrasound imaging was recorded for analysis. The anesthesiologist subjectively estimated the percentage time they had visualized the needle tip (5-point scale: 1 [0%-20%], 2 [20%-40%], 3 [40%-60%], 4 [60%-80%], 5 [80%-100%]). The actual time the tip was in view, angle of needle insertion, target depth, and procedure time were subsequently measured objectively by a single investigator. The Sonoplex group had both subjectively and objectively better tip visibility (P=0.002), despite having larger mean body mass index (29.0 vs 25.0 kg/m(2), P=0.01) and steeper mean insertion angle (31 vs 22 degrees, P=0.03). Objective percentage tip visibility, during in-plane UGRA, reduced by 12% for every 10-degree increase in insertion angle with the control. Tip visibility with the Sonoplex was independent of insertion angle over the range studied (0-57 degrees, P=0.95). This finding occurred when nonexpert anesthesiologists performed their standard UGRA technique. A needle that is visible for a greater percentage of time has potential safety and efficacy implications.
Towards Mobile Opportunistic Computing

With the advent of wearable computing and the resulting growth in mobile application market, we investigate mobile opportunistic cloud computing where mobile devices leverage nearby computational resources in order to save execution time and consumed energy. Our goal is to enable generic computation offloading to heterogeneous devices that include Cloud, mobile devices, and cloudlets. We propose a generic and flexible architecture that maximizes the computation gain with respect to various objective functions such as, minimizing the response time, reducing the overall energy consumption, and increasing the network lifetime. This novel architecture is designed to automate computation offloading to numerous compute resources over disrupted network connections.
CME Common Craniofacial Anomalies : Facial Clefts and Encephaloceles

The wide variety of craniofacial malformations makes classification difficult. A simple classification system allows an overview of the current understanding of the causes, assessments, and treatments of the most frequently encountered craniofacial anomalies. Facial clefts and encephaloceles are reviewed with respect to their diverse causes, pathogenesis, anatomical features, and treatments. Approaches to the surgical treatment of these conditions are reviewed. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 112: 606, 2003.)
Software Engineering Economics

This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.
Prioritization of human capital measurement indicators using fuzzy AHP

People in an organization constitute an important and essential asset which tremendously contributes to development and growth of that company by the help of their collective attitudes, skills and abilities. This is why the human capital (HC) can be considered the most important sub-dimension of the intellectual capital. Since you cannot manage what you cannot control, and you cannot control what you do not measure, the measurement of HC is a very important issue. This study aims at defining a methodology to improve the quality of prioritization of HC measurement indicators under fuzziness. To do so, a methodology based on the extent fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. Within the model, five main attributes; talent, strategical integration, cultural relevance, knowledge management, and leadership; their sub-attributes, and 20 indicators are defined. The proposed model can be used for any country. However, the results obtained in the numerical example reflect the situation of HC in Turkey, since the experts are asked to make their evaluations considering the cultural characteristics of Turkey. The results of the study indicate that ‘‘creating results by using knowledge’’, ‘‘employees’ skills index’’, ‘‘sharing and reporting knowledge’’, and ‘‘succession rate of training programs’’ are the four most important measurement indicators for the HC in Turkey. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mining lung cancer patient data to assess healthcare resource utilization

The objective of this study is to assess the utilization of healthcare resources by lung cancer patients related to their demographic characteristics, socioeconomic markers, ethnic backgrounds, medical histories, and access to healthcare resources in order to guide medical decision making and public policy. The study compares alternative data mining techniques in combination with traditional regression methods and uses propensity scoring to differentiate the predictive power of various models. The study demonstrates that data mining methods can be applied to large, complex, public-use Medicare insurance claims files to reveal insights such as geographic variation in healthcare delivery practice patterns for lung cancer. The results indicate that decision trees and artificial neural networks, particularly when used in combination, can produce better predictive and descriptive models than regression alone to guide healthcare decisions. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reasoning as a scientist: ways of helping children to use language to learn science

Sociocultural researchers have claimed that students’ learning of science is a discursive process, with scientific concepts and ways of reasoning being learned through engagement in practical enquiry and social interaction as well as individualised activity. It is also often claimed that interacting with partners while carrying out scientific investigations is beneficial to students’ learning and the development of their understanding. The research we describe investigated the validity of these claims and explored their educational implications. An experimental teaching programme was designed to enable children in British primary schools to talk and reason together and to apply these skills in their study of science. The results obtained indicate that (a) children can be enabled to use talk more effectively as a tool for reasoning and (b) talk-based activities can have a useful function in scaffolding the development of reasoning and scientific understanding. The implications of the findings for educational policy and practice are discussed.
Advocacy: the cornerstone of cancer survivorship.

PURPOSE
This article describes a cancer-related advocacy skill set that can be acquired through a learning process.


OVERVIEW
Cancer survivorship is a process rather than a stage or time point, and it involves a continuum of events from diagnosis onward. There exists little consensus about what underlying processes explain different levels of long term functioning, but skills necessary for positive adaptation to cancer have been identified from both the professional literature and from the rich experiences of cancer survivors.


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Healthcare practitioners need to be more creative and assertive in fostering consumer empowerment and should incorporate advocacy training into care plans. Strategies that emphasize personal competency and increase self-advocacy capabilities enable patients to make the best possible decisions for themselves regarding their cancer care. In addition, oncology practitioners must become informed advocacy partners with their patients in the public debate about healthcare and cancer care delivery.