LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis.

Cannabis, or marijuana, has been used for medicinal purposes for many years. Several types of cannabinoid medicines are available in the United States and Canada. Dronabinol (schedule III), nabilone (schedule II), and nabiximols (not U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved) are cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals. Medical cannabis or medical marijuana, a leafy plant cultivated for the production of its leaves and flowering tops, is a schedule I drug, but patients obtain it through cannabis dispensaries and statewide programs. The effect that cannabinoid compounds have on the cannabinoid receptors (CB(1) and CB(2) ) found in the brain can create varying pharmacologic responses based on formulation and patient characteristics. The cannabinoid Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol has been determined to have the primary psychoactive effects; the effects of several other key cannabinoid compounds have yet to be fully elucidated. Dronabinol and nabilone are indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and of anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, pain and muscle spasms are the most common reasons that medical cannabis is being recommended. Studies of medical cannabis show significant improvement in various types of pain and muscle spasticity. Reported adverse effects are typically not serious, with the most common being dizziness. Safety concerns regarding cannabis include the increased risk of developing schizophrenia with adolescent use, impairments in memory and cognition, accidental pediatric ingestions, and lack of safety packaging for medical cannabis formulations. This article will describe the pharmacology of cannabis, effects of various dosage formulations, therapeutics benefits and risks of cannabis for pain and muscle spasm, and safety concerns of medical cannabis use.
Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska

UNLABELLED
This article provides examples of adverse health effects, including weather-related injury, food insecurity, mental health issues, and water infrastructure damage, and the responses to these effects that are currently being applied in two Northwest Alaska communities.


BACKGROUND
In Northwest Alaska, warming is resulting in a broad range of unusual weather and environmental conditions, including delayed freeze-up, earlier breakup, storm surge, coastal erosion, and thawing permafrost. These are just some of the climate impacts that are driving concerns about weather-related injury, the spread of disease, mental health issues, infrastructure damage, and food and water security. Local leaders are challenged to identify appropriate adaptation strategies to address climate impacts and related health effects. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS: The tribal health system is combining local observations, traditional knowledge, and western science to perform community-specific climate change health impact assessments. Local leaders are applying this information to develop adaptation responses.


OBJECTIVE
The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium will describe relationships between climate impacts and health effects and provide examples of community-scaled adaptation actions currently being applied in Northwest Alaska.


FINDINGS
Climate change is increasing vulnerability to injury, disease, mental stress, food insecurity, and water insecurity. Northwest communities are applying adaptation approaches that are both specific and appropriate.


CONCLUSION
The health impact assessment process is effective in raising awareness, encouraging discussion, engaging partners, and implementing adaptation planning. With community-specific information, local leaders are applying health protective adaptation measures.
Rasch model analysis of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS)

BACKGROUND
There is a growing awareness of the need for easily administered, psychometrically sound screening tools to identify individuals with elevated levels of psychological distress. Although support has been found for the psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) using classical test theory approaches it has not been subjected to Rasch analysis. The aim of this study was to use Rasch analysis to assess the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 scales, using two different administration modes.


METHODS
The DASS-21 was administered to 420 participants with half the sample responding to a web-based version and the other half completing a traditional pencil-and-paper version. Conformity of DASS-21 scales to a Rasch partial credit model was assessed using the RUMM2020 software.


RESULTS
To achieve adequate model fit it was necessary to remove one item from each of the DASS-21 subscales. The reduced scales showed adequate internal consistency reliability, unidimensionality and freedom from differential item functioning for sex, age and mode of administration. Analysis of all DASS-21 items combined did not support its use as a measure of general psychological distress. A scale combining the anxiety and stress items showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model after removal of three items.


CONCLUSION
The results provide support for the measurement properties, internal consistency reliability, and unidimensionality of three slightly modified DASS-21 scales, across two different administration methods. The further use of Rasch analysis on the DASS-21 in larger and broader samples is recommended to confirm the findings of the current study.
Can dialysis modality influence quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients? Low-flux hemodialysis versus high-flux hemodiafiltration: a cross-over study.

BACKGROUND
Hemodiafiltration with online preparation of the substitution [online high-flux hemodiafiltration (OHDF)] and hemodiafiltration with prepared bags of substitution (HDF) are important, recently widely used renal replacement therapies in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, there is little information on the comparative impacts of these modalities versus conventional low-flux hemodialysis (HD) on the quality of life (QoL) of HD patients. This study investigates the effect of dialysis modality on QoL in chronic HD patients.


METHODS
In this prospective, randomized, cross-over, open label study, 24 patients were enrolled. Their age were 62 ± 13.34 years (mean ± SD), with the duration of dialysis of 31 ± 23.28 months (mean ± SD). Five of the patients were women. QoL was measured by the Short-Form Health Survey with 36 questions (SF-36) and subscale scores were calculated. Each patient received HD, OHDF, and HDF for 3 months, with the dialysis modality subsequently being altered. They completed the questionnaire of QoL at the end of each period.


RESULTS
There were statistical significant differences in QoL for the total SF-36 [36.1 (26.7-45.7) and 40.7 (30.2-62.8)], for classic low-flux HD and high-flux hemodiafiltration, for bodily pain [45 (26.9-66.9) and 55 (35.6-87.5)], and for role limitations due to emotional functioning [0 (0-33.3) and 33.3 (0-100)], respectively. The scores did not differ significantly between the two types of hemodiafiltration.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates that QoL differs significantly among patients receiving low-flux HD and high-flux hemodiafiltration, on total SF-36, bodily pain, and role limitations due to emotional functioning. Convective modalities may offer better QoL than diffusive HD.
Towards an understanding of microservices

Microservices architectures are a departure from traditional Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Influenced by Domain Driven Design (DDD), microservices architectures aim to help business analysts and enterprise architects develop scalable applications that embody flexibility for new functionalities as businesses develop, such as scenarios in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. This article compares microservices architecture with SOA and identifies key characteristics that will assist application designers to select the most appropriate approach.)
High Mobility III-V MOSFETs For RF and Digital Applications

Developments over the last 15 years in the areas of materials and devices have finally delivered competitive III-V MOSFETs with high mobility channels. This paper briefly reviews the above developments, discusses properties of the GdGaO/ Ga2O3 MOS systems, presents GaAs MOSFET DC and RF data, and concludes with an outlook for high indium content channel MOSFETs. GaAs based MOSFETs are potentially suitable for RF power amplification, switching, and front-end integration in mobile and wireless applications while MOSFETs with high indium content channels are of interest for future CMOS applications.
Kinetics of monosaccharide conversion in the presence of homogeneous Bronsted acids

Abstract For the utilization of biomass in the fuel and polymer industry, a wide variety of catalysts have been studied for their activity either on the dehydration reaction in particular or on the monosaccharide degradations in general. Yet, systematic data outlining the effects of acidic features is not available and a common framework for catalytic activity comparison is missing that is needed for rational catalyst design. The current work aimed to provide insight about the effect of the nature of the acid and initial acidity on degradation kinetics of C 5 and C 6 carbohydrates and thereby built a platform allowing activity comparison. Mineral and organic acids ranging in acidic strength, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, maleic, and propane sulfonic acid, were tested for their activity in the degradation of xylose, fructose and glucose at two different pH values; 1.5 and 3.6. In the presence of weak homogeneous acids, glucose undergoes degradation with drastically different activation energies at pH of 1.5 than at pH 3.6. Such a difference does not occur in the presence of strong homogenous acids. On the other hand, xylose and fructose undergo degradation with similar activation energies of approximately 140 kJ/mol regardless of the pH or nature of the homogeneous acid. A common framework that compiles the catalytic activities and outlines the differences potentially related to underlying mechanism changes provides the basis required for rational heterogeneous catalyst design.
Active Vision - Rectification and Depth Mapping

We present a mapping approach to scene understanding based on active stereo vision. We generalise traditional static multi-camera rectification techniques to enable active epipolar rectification and intuitive representation of the results. The approach is shown to enable the use of any static stereo algorithms with active multi-camera systems. In particular, we show the use of the framework to apply static depthmapping techniques to the active case. Further, we outline the benefits of using an occupancy grid framework for the fusion and representation of range data, and find that it is especially suited for active vision. Finally, we provide a preview of our approach to dynamic occupancy grids for scene understanding.
Travel-associated Rabies in Austrian Man

Rabies developed in an Austrian man after he was bitten by a dog in Agadir, Morocco. Diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The patient's girlfriend was bitten by the same dog, but she did not become ill.
Remarks on simulation of Boolean functions

Recently M. Morris Mano presented a method for performing Boolean OR, AND and NOT operations by means of arithmetic and conditional transfer operations in a decimal computer lacking builtin logical instructions [1]. When <italic>A</italic>, <italic>B</italic>, <italic>C</italic> are variables whose defined value is 0 or 1 and <italic>a</italic>, <italic>b</italic>, <italic>c</italic> are the corresponding integer variables with values 0 or 1, his Boolean OR was defined by:
“The result of an OR operation of Boolean variables is the same as the arithmetic addition of the <italic>a</italic>, <italic>b</italic>, <italic>c</italic> integer variables after which the following test is made: (a) If the sum is equal to zero, the result is correct; (b) If the sum is larger than zero, the answer is 1.”
Sex trafficking, sexual risk, sexually transmitted infection and reproductive health among female sex workers in Thailand.

BACKGROUND
The trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation is an internationally recognised form of gender-based violence, and is thought to confer unique sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities. To date, little research has compared sexual risk or health outcomes among female sex workers (FSWs) on the basis of experiences of sex trafficking.


AIM
To compare experiences of sexual risk and sexual and reproductive health outcomes among FSWs on the basis of experiences of trafficking as an entry mechanism to sex work.


METHODS
Data from a national sample of FSWs in Thailand (n=815) was used to assess (a) the prevalence of sex trafficking as an entry mechanism into sex work and (b) associations of sex trafficking with sexual risk and health outcomes.


RESULTS
Approximately 10% of FSWs met criteria for trafficking as an entry mechanism to sex work. Compared with their non-trafficked counterparts, sex-trafficked FSWs were more likely to have experienced sexual violence at initiation to sex work (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 2.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.72), recent workplace violence or mistreatment (ARR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.67), recent condom failure (ARR 1.80, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.80), condom non-use (ARR 3.35, 95% CI 1.49 to 7.52) and abortion (ARR 2.83, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.39).


DISCUSSION
Both the prevalence of sex trafficking as an entry mechanism to sex work and the threats to sexual and reproductive health observed on the basis of trafficking status show the need for comprehensive efforts to identify and support this vulnerable population. Moreover, existing STI/HIV-prevention programming may be stymied by the limited condom-use capacity and high levels of violence observed among those trafficked into sex work.
The Radial Positioning of Chromatin Is Not Inherited through Mitosis but Is Established De Novo in Early G1

The organization of chromatin in the nucleus is nonrandom. Different genomic regions tend to reside in preferred nuclear locations, relative to radial position and nuclear compartments. Several lines of evidence support a role for chromatin localization in the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, a key problem is how the organization of chromatin is established and maintained in dividing cell populations. There is controversy about the extent to which chromatin organization is inherited from mother to daughter nucleus. We have used time-lapse microscopy to track specific human loci after exit from mitosis. In comparison to later stages of interphase, we detect increased chromatin mobility during the first 2 hr of G1, and during this period association of loci with nuclear compartments is both gained and lost. Although chromatin in daughter nuclei has a rough symmetry in its spatial distribution, we show, for the first time, that the association of loci with nuclear compartments displays significant asymmetry between daughter nuclei and therefore cannot be inherited from the mother nucleus. We conclude that the organization of chromatin in the nucleus is not passed down precisely from one cell to its descendents but is more plastic and becomes refined during early G1.
A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones.

OBJECTIVE
Adverse effects of long-term cross-sex hormone administration to transsexuals are not well documented. We assessed mortality rates in transsexual subjects receiving long-term cross-sex hormones.


DESIGN
A cohort study with a median follow-up of 18.5 years at a university gender clinic. Methods Mortality data and the standardized mortality rate were compared with the general population in 966 male-to-female (MtF) and 365 female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals, who started cross-sex hormones before July 1, 1997. Follow-up was at least 1 year. MtF transsexuals received treatment with different high-dose estrogen regimens and cyproterone acetate 100 mg/day. FtM transsexuals received parenteral/oral testosterone esters or testosterone gel. After surgical sex reassignment, hormonal treatment was continued with lower doses.


RESULTS
In the MtF group, total mortality was 51% higher than in the general population, mainly from increased mortality rates due to suicide, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, and unknown cause. No increase was observed in total cancer mortality, but lung and hematological cancer mortality rates were elevated. Current, but not past ethinyl estradiol use was associated with an independent threefold increased risk of cardiovascular death. In FtM transsexuals, total mortality and cause-specific mortality were not significantly different from those of the general population.


CONCLUSIONS
The increased mortality in hormone-treated MtF transsexuals was mainly due to non-hormone-related causes, but ethinyl estradiol may increase the risk of cardiovascular death. In the FtM transsexuals, use of testosterone in doses used for hypogonadal men seemed safe.
Spinal manipulation for low back pain.

© Matthew Lester. Low-back pain (often referred to as “lower back pain”) is a common condition that usually improves with self-care (practices that people can do by themselves, such as remaining active, applying heat, and taking pain-relieving medications). However, it is occasionally difficult to treat. Some health care professionals are trained to use a technique called spinal manipulation to relieve low-back pain and improve physical function (the ability to walk and move). This fact sheet provides basic information about low-back pain, summarizes research on spinal manipulation for low-back pain, and suggests sources for additional information.
CompRec-Trip: A composite recommendation system for travel planning

Classical recommender systems provide users with a list of recommendations where each recommendation consists of a single item, e.g., a book or a DVD. However, applications such as travel planning can benefit from a system capable of recommending packages of items, under a user-specified budget and in the form of sets or sequences. In this context, there is a need for a system that can recommend top-k packages for the user to choose from. In this paper, we propose a novel system, CompRec-Trip, which can automatically generate composite recommendations for travel planning. The system leverages rating information from underlying recommender systems, allows flexible package configuration and incorporates users' cost budgets on both time and money. Furthermore, the proposed CompRec-Trip system has a rich graphical user interface which allows users to customize the returned composite recommendations and take into account external local information.
Echo Hiding

Homomorphic signal processing techniques are used to place information imperceivably into audio data streams by the introduction of synthetic resonances in the form of closely spaced echoes These echoes can be used to place digital identi cation tags directly into an audio signal with minimal objectionable degradation of the original signal
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of quetiapine fumarate XR in very heavy-drinking alcohol-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND
Despite advances in developing medications to treat alcohol dependence, few such medications have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Identified molecular targets are encouraging and can lead to the development and testing of new compounds. Atypical antipsychotic medications have been explored with varying results. Prior research suggests that the antipsychotic quetiapine may be beneficial in an alcohol-dependent population of very heavy drinkers.


METHODS
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 224 alcohol-dependent patients who reported very heavy drinking were recruited across 5 clinical sites. Patients received either quetiapine or placebo and Medical Management behavioral intervention. Patients were stratified on gender, clinical site, and reduction in drinking prior to randomization.


RESULTS
No differences between the quetiapine and placebo groups were detected in the primary outcome, percentage heavy-drinking days, or other drinking outcomes. Quetiapine significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved sleep but had no effect on other nondrinking outcomes. Results from a subgroup analysis suggest that patients who reduced their drinking prior to randomization had significantly better drinking outcomes during the maintenance phase (p < 0.0001). No significant interactions, however, were observed between reducer status and treatment group. Finally, quetiapine was generally well tolerated. Statistically significant adverse events that were more common with quetiapine versus placebo include dizziness (14 vs. 4%), dry mouth (32 vs. 9%), dyspepsia (13 vs. 2%), increased appetite (11 vs. 1%), sedation (15 vs. 3%), and somnolence (34 vs. 9%).


CONCLUSIONS
This multisite clinical trial showed no efficacy for quetiapine compared with placebo at reducing alcohol consumption in heavy-drinking alcohol-dependent patients.
Do firms in countries with poor protection of investor rights hold more cash ?

Aaron Kravitz, for their help with the data collection. We are grateful to Ole-Kristian Hope, Jan Mahrt-Smith, and seminar participants at the University of Toronto for useful comments. Abstract Managers make different decisions in countries with poor protection of investor rights and poor financial development. One possible explanation is that shareholder-wealth maximizing managers face different tradeoffs in such countries (the tradeoff theory). Alternatively, firms in such countries are less likely to be managed for the benefit of shareholders because the poor protection of investor rights makes it easier for management and controlling shareholders to appropriate corporate resources for their own benefit (the agency costs theory). Holdings of liquid assets by firms across countries are consistent with Keynes' transaction and precautionary demand for money theories. Firms in countries with greater GDP per capita hold more cash as predicted. Controlling for economic development, firms in countries with more risk and with poor protection of investor rights hold more cash. The tradeoff theory and the agency costs theory can both explain holdings of liquid assets across countries. However, the fact that a dollar of cash is worth less than $0.65 to the minority shareholders of firms in such countries but worth approximately $1 in countries with good protection of investor rights and high financial development is only consistent with the agency costs theory. 2 1. Introduction Recent work shows that countries where institutions that protect investor rights are weak perform poorly along a number of dimensions. In particular, these countries have lower growth, less well-developed financial markets, and more macroeconomic volatility. 1 To measure the quality of institutions, authors have used, for instance, indices of the risk of expropriation, the level of corruption, and the rule of law. Since poor institutions could result from poor economic performance rather than cause it, authors have also used the origin of a country's legal system (La 2003) as instruments for the quality of institutions. For the quality of institutions to matter for economic performance, it has to affect the actions of firms and individuals. Recent papers examine how dividend, investment, asset composition, and capital structure policies are related to the quality of institutions. 2 In this paper, we focus more directly on why firm policies depend on the quality of institutions. The quality of institutions can affect firm policies for two different reasons. First, a country's protection of investor rights may influence the relative prices or …