LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adapted ensemble classification algorithm based on multiple classifier system and feature selection for classifying multi-class imbalanced data

Learning from imbalanced data, where the number of observations in one class is significantly rarer than in other classes, has gained considerable attention in the data mining community. Most existing literature focuses on binary imbalanced case while multi-class imbalanced learning is barely mentioned. What’s more, most proposed algorithms treated all imbalanced data consistently and aimed to handle all imbalanced data with a versatile algorithm. In fact, the imbalanced data varies in their imbalanced ratio, dimension and the number of classes, the performances of classifiers for learning from different types of datasets are different. In this paper we propose an adaptive multiple classifier system named of AMCS to cope with multi-class imbalanced learning, which makes a distinction among different kinds of imbalanced data. The AMCS includes three components, which are, feature selection, resampling and ensemble learning. Each component of AMCS is selected discriminatively for different types of imbalanced data. We consider two feature selection methods, three resampling mechanisms, five base classifiers and five ensemble rules to construct a selection pool, the adapting criterion of choosing each component from the selection pool to frame AMCS is analyzed through empirical study. In order to verify the effectiveness of AMCS, we compare AMCS with several stateof-the-art algorithms, the results show that AMCS can outperform or be comparable with the others. At last, AMCS is applied in oil-bearing reservoir recognition. The results indicate that AMCS makes no mistake in recognizing characters of layers for oilsk81-oilsk85 well logging data which is collected in Jianghan oilfield of
12.5-GHz optically sampled interference-based photonic arbitrary waveform Generator

This work presents an actively sampled photonic arbitrary waveform generator based on differential lithium-niobate electrooptic modulators. Ultralow timing jitter 1550-nm mode-locked laser time samples three serially connected Mach-Zehnder modulators, which are driven by six 12.5-Gb/s signals. This equivalent of photonic digital-to-analog converter allows for synthesis of high-quality arbitrary waveforms (>30-dB spurious-free dynamic range) over Nyquist bandwidth without loss of performance.
Effects of continuous versus accumulated activity patterns on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in obese men

Objective:There is limited information regarding the effects of short (<10 min) bouts of activity on postprandial lipaemia and no studies are available regarding the effects of short bouts of activity on postprandial lipaemia in obese men. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of accumulating ten, 3-min bouts of exercise versus one 30 min bout of exercise on postprandial serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in obese men.Design:Each subject completed three 2-day trials at least 1 week apart in a randomized, repeated-measures design. On day 1, subjects rested (no exercise) or cycled at 60% of maximum heart rate in either ten, 3-min bouts (30 min rest between each), or one continuous 30-min bout. On day 2 of each trial, after an overnight fast, the subjects consumed a standardized test meal for breakfast. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state (0 h), and 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially on day 2.Subjects:Eight sedentary men (age: 27±2 years) with body mass index between 25 and 37 kg/m2.Measurements:Postprandial TAG, non-esterified fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin and glucose were determined.Results:Total area under the postprandial serum TAG concentrations versus time curve was 18% (P=0.042) and 15% (P=0.032) lower throughout day 2 of both the accumulated exercise trial and the continuous exercise trial, respectively, compared with the control trial with little difference between exercise trials.Conclusion:At 30 min of moderate cycling (0.87 MJ per 30 min) accumulated in short bouts is equally effective in reducing postprandial serum TAG concentrations as one continuous 30 min bout of cycling in obese men.
Appalachian Studies as an Academic and Activist Field, 1970-1982

.......................................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................3 Chapter
Professional Ethical Competence in nursing: the role of nursing instructors

Teaching ethics to nurses leads to their involvement in providing high quality care, enable them to duly encounter ethical issues. One of the key elements of educational systems is nursing instructors. Even though lots of studies show the role of instructors in students' learning, their role in promotion of professional ethics has been attended to less. The objective of this study is surveying the experience of nursing students with respect to the role of instructors in promotion of professional ethics. This qualitative study enrolled 15 undergraduate nursing students from three nursing schools in Teheran whom depth interview was performed. The interview was semi-structured with open ended questions. The analysis was accomplished by use of qualitative content-analysis method. Data analysis demonstrated 2 main themes and 7 subcategories in regard to the role of instructors in promotion of professional ethics in nursing students including: 1) the effective professional role model 2) facilitating creative learning. The effective professional role model encompasses individual characteristics and beliefs, clinical skills and professional commitment of role model. Creative learning facilitates by encouraging critical thinking and decision-making, Providing supportive learning conditions, providing proper space for sharing knowledge followed by evaluation and creative feedback. The findings of this study provides a background for strengthening the role of instructors in promotion of professional ethics with more emphasis on research which increase capability of instructors at nursing education centers.
A modest Modula wish list

This article contains suggestions for modifying Modula II an d using the modifications to write abstract data types. I write from the experience of several months full-time programming in Modula II i n which I endeavored to follow the program design style set forth in m y book "Abstraction For Programmers" [33. The discussion is divided into these sections : 1) Avoiding Excessive Variable Usage and Inadvertant Memory Usag e 2) Three Language Modification s 3) Abstract Data Type s My suggestions actually require very little change to Modula II. The suggestions in section 1) would merely decrease the freedom o f implementors to make decisions. Even in section 2) where I dream of a slightly different Modula, I have restrained myself to three modes t alterations. These alterations build upon what already exists i n Modula II rather than reach for what may be seen in other languages. Only one of the three suggestions requires a change to the BN F description of Modula II and that change is miniscule. In section 3), I show how abstract data types could be implemente d if my suggestions were accepted into the language. The suggestions in this section result from deficiencies in th e Modula II implementations with which I am familiar. My intention i s to explain why these deficiencies should not be permitted. >> All Modula implementations should allow dereferenced pointe r variables to appear any place another variable of the same data typ e could appear. are disallowed, a programmer is forced to introduce temporar y variables. A program with a lot of temporary variables is like a presentation with a lot of definitions-it's confusing. (This poin t is discussed as some length in section 4 .3 of [3] .) To use variable s that are not germain to the topic at hand could be called "excessiv e variable usage". A language which is supposed to help programmin g abstraction and style should not force excessive variable usage .
Acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Pomposia) against Tetranychus urticae Koch.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (Pomposia) againsst Tetranychus urticae Koch (T. urticae) and the biochemical changes in antioxidants enzymes.


METHODS
Six extracts of S. cumini (Pomposia) at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300µg/mL were used to control T. urticae (Koch).


RESULTS
The ethanol extract showed the most efficient acaricidal activity agent against T. urticae (98.5%) followed by hexane extract (94.0%), ether and ethyl acetate extract (90.0%). The LC50 values of the promising extract were 85.0, 101.0, 102.0 and 98.0µg/mL, respectively. The activities of enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in susceptible mites were increased. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes reach the maximum value in mites at LC50 with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The extract of S. cumini has acaricidal acivity against T. urticae, and the ethanol extract is the most efficient.
Energy Storage in Flywheels: An Overview

In a deregulated power market with increasing penetration of distributed generators and renewable sources, energy storage becomes a necessity. Renewable energy sources are characterized by a fluctuating and intermittent nature, which simply means that energy may be available when it is not needed, and vice versa. Energy storage devices can help rectify the mismatch between generation and demand at any loading condition. Such devices can also provide some ancillary services, such as frequency regulation, voltage support, power quality improvement, transmission congestion relief, and system upgrade deferral. This paper presents an overview of the flywheel as a promising energy storage element. Electrical machines used with flywheels are surveyed along with their control techniques. Loss minimization and bearing system development are introduced. In addition, power system applications of flywheels are summarized. Finally, some outstanding technical difficulties are recommended for future research work.
Microcatheter shaping using intravascular placement during intracranial aneurysm coiling.

Background The selection of a pre-shaped microcatheter or a shaping method must be carefully considered for successful aneurysm coiling. The objective of this report is to verify the use of intravascular placement to establish an appropriate microcatheter shape. Methods Fifteen patients (15 aneurysms) were included in this study because of the predicted difficulty of microcatheter insertion and stabilisation. The SL-10 straight microcatheter was inserted into the parent artery until the tip of the catheter passed through the neck of the aneurysm. After 5 minutes, the microcatheter was pulled out and the shape acquired from intravascular placement was confirmed and compared with the three-dimensional rotational angiography. In addition, the microcatheter tip was steam-shaped for coiling and coil embolisation was performed. A silicone flow model was also used to confirm our findings. The first experiment compared the bend angle in four different microcatheters placed in the model for 5 minutes. In the second experiment, the SL-10 straight microcatheter was placed in the model, and the bend angle was measured at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 minutes to observe the changes in bend angle over time. Results The SL-10 straight microcatheter, in place for 5 minutes, acquired a shape similar to the patient's own vessel. Among the 15 patients included, 13 were treated using an intravascular shaped microcatheter. In the flow model experiments, the SL-10 most easily acquired the vessel shape, and the shape change stabilised after 5 minutes. Conclusion Shaping the SL-10 straight microcatheter using intravascular placement is an effective shaping method for aneurysm coil embolisation.
Genetic clues to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Recent years have seen an explosion in the rate of discovery of genetic defects linked to Parkinson's disease. These breakthroughs have not provided a direct explanation for the disease process. Nevertheless, they have helped transform Parkinson's disease research by providing tangible clues to the neurobiology of the disorder.
A comparison of PM2 and crow extended growth planning models

Reliability growth planning is an important part of the reliability growth process. Its purpose is to provide achievable benchmarks throughout developmental testing in order to evaluate whether the project is on track to meet its requirement. Different models produce different growth curves. This paper compares two popular models, the Planning Model Based on Projection Methodology (PM2) and Crow Extended (CE), and highlights several features and patterns that are inherent to each of them through examples. Crow Extended was found to consistently model more aggressive growth based on fewer expected problem failure modes than PM2 in the early phases of a test. Given that design for reliability techniques are implemented specifically to mitigate the highly-significant problem failure modes that lead to aggressive early growth, a program that has designed for reliability should not exhibit the type of growth curve modeled by CE. Such a model will show the program to be constantly failing its benchmarks. In contrast, PM2 curves tend to be more plausible, with relatively consistent, moderate growth. A non-aggressive approach would be preferable for most planning purposes, as both moderate and aggressive growth programs can achieve the benchmarks. The shape parameter used in CE is based on historical values, and as such, has a certain amount of subjectivity in its estimation. Varying the parameter within the acceptable bounds of error had a considerable effect on the amount of test time required for the CE model to meet the reliability goal.
Low-Power and Compact Sequential Circuits With Independent-Gate FinFETs

Scaling of the standard single-gate bulk MOSFETs faces great challenges in the nanometer regime due to the severe short-channel effects that cause an exponential increase in the leakage current and enhanced sensitivity to process variations. Multi-gate MOSFET technologies mitigate these limitations by providing a stronger control over a thin silicon body with multiple electrically coupled gates. Double-gate FinFET is the most attractive choice among the multi-gate transistor architectures because of the self-alignment of the two gates and the similarity of the fabrication steps to the existing standard CMOS technology. New latches and flip-flops based on independent-gate FinFETs are proposed in this paper to simultaneously reduce the power consumption and the circuit area. With the proposed independently biased double-gate FinFET sequential circuits, the active power consumption, the clock power, the leakage power, and the circuit area are reduced by up to 47%, 32%, 42%, and 20%, respectively, while maintaining similar speed and data stability as compared to the standard sequential circuits with tied-gate FinFETs in a 32-nm FinFET technology.
Inverse radon transform–based micro-doppler analysis from a reduced set of observations

A method for accurate and efficient parameter estimation and decomposition of sinusoidally frequency modulated signals is presented. These kinds of signals are of special interest in radars and communications. The proposed method is based on the inverse Radon transform property to transform a two-dimensional sinusoidal pattern into a single point in a two-dimensional plane. Since the signal is well concentrated (sparse) in the inverse Radon transform domain, its reconstruction can be performed from a reduced set of observations (back-projections). Theory is illustrated on signals with one and more components, including noise and disturbances, as well as time-frequency patterns that deviate from sinusoidal form.
Allele-Specific Methylation Occurs at Genetic Variants Associated with Complex Disease

We hypothesize that the phenomenon of allele-specific methylation (ASM) may underlie the phenotypic effects of multiple variants identified by Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS). We evaluate ASM in a human population and document its genome-wide patterns in an initial screen at up to 380,678 sites within the genome, or up to 5% of the total genomic CpGs. We show that while substantial inter-individual variation exists, 5% of assessed sites show evidence of ASM in at least six samples; the majority of these events (81%) are under genetic influence. Many of these cis-regulated ASM variants are also eQTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes and/or in high linkage-disequilibrium with variants linked to complex disease. Finally, focusing on autoimmune phenotypes, we extend this initial screen to confirm the association of cis-regulated ASM with multiple complex disease-associated variants in an independent population using next-generation bisulfite sequencing. These four variants are implicated in complex phenotypes such as ulcerative colitis and AIDS progression disease (rs10491434), Celiac disease (rs2762051), Crohn's disease, IgA nephropathy and early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (rs713875) and height (rs6569648). Our results suggest cis-regulated ASM may provide a mechanistic link between the non-coding genetic changes and phenotypic variation observed in these diseases and further suggests a route to integrating DNA methylation status with GWAS results.
Fuzzy Logic, Soft Computing, and Applications

We survey on the theoretical and practical developments of the theory of fuzzy logic and soft computing. Specifically, we briefly review the history and main milestones of fuzzy logic (in the wide sense), the more recent development of soft computing, and finalise by presenting a panoramic view of applications: from the most abstract to the most practical ones.
Fibrosis, Portal Hypertension, and Hepatic Volume Changes Induced by Intra-arterial Radiotherapy with 90Yttrium Microspheres

Purpose To identify changes in hepatic parenchymal volume, fibrosis, and induction of portal hypertension following radioembolization with glass microspheres for patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Results In our series of sequential bilobar (n = 17) treatments, a mean decrease in liver volume of 11.8% was noted. In this group, a mean splenic volume increase of 27.9% and portal vein diameter increase of 4.8% were noted. For patients receiving unilobar treatments (n = 15), mean ipsilateral lobar volume decrease of 8.9%, contralateral lobar hypertrophy of 21.2%, and a 5.4% increase in portal vein diameter were also noted. These findings were not associated with clinical toxicities. Conclusion 90Yttrium radioembolization utilizing glass microspheres in patients with liver metastases results in changes of hepatic parenchymal volume and also induced findings suggestive of fibrosis and portal hypertension. Further studies assessing the long-term effects are warranted.
Android: Changing the Mobile Landscape

The mobile phone landscape changed last year with the introduction of smart phones running Android, a platform marketed by Google. Android phones are the first credible threat to the iPhone market. Not only did Google target the same consumers as iPhone, it also aimed to win the hearts and minds of mobile application developers. On the basis of market share and the number of available apps, Android is a success.
Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary anterior alveolar bone for optimal placement of miniscrew implants

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to propose clinical guidelines for placing miniscrew implants using the results obtained from 3-dimensional analysis of maxillary anterior interdental alveolar bone by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).


METHODS
By using CBCT data from 52 adult patients (17 men and 35 women; mean age, 27.9 years), alveolar bone were measured in 3 regions: between the maxillary central incisors (U1-U1), between the maxillary central incisor and maxillary lateral incisor (U1-U2), and between the maxillary lateral incisor and the canine (U2-U3). Cortical bone thickness, labio-palatal thickness, and interdental root distance were measured at 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm apical to the interdental cementoenamel junction (ICEJ).


RESULTS
The cortical bone thickness significantly increased from the U1-U1 region to the U2-U3 region (p < 0.05). The labio-palatal thickness was significantly less in the U1-U1 region (p < 0.05), and the interdental root distance was significantly less in the U1-U2 region (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that the interdental root regions U2-U3 and U1-U1 are the best sites for placing miniscrew implants into maxillary anterior alveolar bone.
Motivators and barriers to blood donation in African American college students.

BACKGROUND
An adequate blood supply depends on volunteer non-remunerated blood donors. African Americans have lower blood donation rates than whites. To improve African American blood donation rates, the motivators and barriers to African Americans must be explored. This study investigated the differences in motivators and barriers to blood donation between donor and non-donor African American college students.


METHODS
African Americans college students at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities completed a 41-item, self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant's donation frequency, motivators and barriers toward donation, and knowledge and beliefs towards blood donation.


RESULTS
Three hundred and sixty four primarily female college students (96% African Americans, 93% female) completed the questionnaire. Forty-nine percent reported prior blood donation experience (donors) and 51% were non-donors. The primary motivator for donors and non-donors was convenience (89% donor, 82% non-donor). Donors were more likely than non-donors to disagree with statements regarding blood donation as being too painful (82% donor, 44% non-donor), resulting in feeling faint, dizzy, or nauseated (61% donor, 29% non-donor). Donors more often agreed that the blood supply is safe (77% donor, 58% non-donor), less often concerned about receiving a transfusion (61% donor, 73% non-donor), and more often aware of local blood shortages (50% donor, 35% non-donor).


CONCLUSIONS
African Americans female college students are willing to donate blood given convenience and support from their university. Educational campaigns to increase knowledge regarding the safety of the blood donation process and the ongoing needs of an adequate blood supply might be effective methods to increase blood donation.