LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Does physical activity protect against drug abuse vulnerability?

BACKGROUND
The current review examined recent literature to determine our state of knowledge about the potential ability of physical activity serve as a protectant against drug abuse vulnerability.


METHODS
Both preclinical and clinical studies were examined using either associational or random assignment study designs. In addition to examining drug use as an outcome variable, the potential neural mediators linking physical activity and drug abuse vulnerability were examined.


CONCLUSIONS
Several important conclusions may be drawn. First, the preclinical evidence is solid in showing that physical activity in various forms is able to serve as both a preventive and treatment intervention that reduces drug use, although voluntary alcohol drinking appears to be an exception to this conclusion. Second, the clinical evidence provides some evidence, albeit mixed, to suggest a beneficial effect of physical activity on tobacco dependent individuals. In contrast, there exists only circumstantial evidence that physical activity may reduce use of drugs other than nicotine, and there is essentially no solid information from random control studies to know if physical activity may prevent initiation of problem use. Finally, both preclinical and clinical evidence shows that various brain systems are altered by physical activity, with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) serving as one potential node that may mediate the putative link between physical activity and drug abuse vulnerability. It is concluded that novel neurobehavioral approaches taking advantage of novel techniques for assessing the physiological impact of physical activity are needed and can be used to inform the longitudinal random control studies that will answer definitively the question posed.
Decomposition of manufacturing energy-use in IEA countries: How do recent developments compare with historical long-term trends?

This paper examines manufacturing energy use in ten IEA countries between 1973 and 1998. Changes in energy use are described through using Laspeyres indexes to enable decomposition of energy use into changes in the overall output of manufacturing (value added), the structure of output (industrial mix), and the energy intensity of each subsector, and to consistently compare the results across countries. The results show that structural changes have reduced manufacturing energy use in most countries, particularly the U.S. and Japan. In a few countries, however, the manufacturing structure became more energy intensive and thus drove up energy use over the study period. For the group of ten IEA nations, the net effect of structural changes accounted for more than a third of the reduction in total manufacturing energy use per unit of output between 1973 and 1998. The rest of the reductions in this period can be explained by falling energy intensities in individual manufacturing branches. Contrasting post-1986 with earlier years shows that the rate of energy intensity decline in manufacturing has slowed in most countries. Between 1994 and 1998 most countries experienced a strong growth in manufacturing output and a reduction in aggregated manufacturing energy use per unit output. However, the results of the decomposition analysis presented in this paper point to that this reduction was mostly due to a structural shift towards less energy intensive branches, such as electronics and electronic equipment, and that the impact from reduced energy intensities was close to nil for the group of ten IEA countries studied here.
A simple model that suggests possible cost savings when modified-release prednisone 5 mg/day is added to current treatment in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
The effects of a 12-week treatment with modified-release prednisone (MR-pred) on the costs of drug treatment of RA were modelled.


METHODS
With the results of a recent randomized trial as source data, we expressed the effect of treatment (MR-pred vs placebo) on the decrease in the proportion of RA patients meeting disease activity thresholds for reimbursement of biologic treatment.


RESULTS
The results showed 11-13% more patients on MR-pred than on placebo dropped below reimbursement thresholds for The Netherlands, Belgium and the UK. Assuming 1 year of biologics cost €15,000 and MR-pred costs €1/day, €396 are saved in each patient delaying biologic treatment by 12 weeks.


CONCLUSION
Despite a considerably higher cost than conventional prednisone, MR-pred is a cost-effective option for RA patients not on glucocorticoids who are eligible for therapy with biologic agents.
De novo microdeletions of chromosome 6q14.1-q14.3 and 6q12.1-q14.1 in two patients with intellectual disability - further delineation of the 6q14 microdeletion syndrome and review of the literature.

Interstitial 6q deletions can cause a variable phenotype depending on the size and location of the deletion. 6q14 deletions have been associated with intellectual disability and a distinct pattern of minor anomalies, including upslanted palpebral fissures with epicanthal folds, a short nose with broad nasal tip, anteverted nares, long philtrum, and thin upper lip. In this study we describe two patients with overlapping 6q14 deletions presenting with developmental delay and characteristic dysmorphism. Molecular karyotyping using array CGH analysis revealed a de novo 8.9 Mb deletion at 6q14.1-q14.3 and a de novo 11.3 Mb deletion at 6q12.1-6q14.1, respectively. We provide a review of the clinical features of twelve other patients with 6q14 deletions detected by array CGH analysis. By assessing all reported data we could not identify a single common region of deletion. Possible candidate genes in 6q14 for intellectual disability might be FILIP1, MYO6, HTR1B, and SNX14.
Learning and teaching in a synchronous collaborative environment

Despite obvious domination of asynchronous collaborative technologies, especially for virtual classrooms and distance education, the work presented in this paper is based on the assumption that some students will still prefer the experience of on-campus, faceto-face collaborative learning. For those students a new synchronous collaborative environment is created by combining an innovative methodology for ‘same-time, same-place’ interactive learning and the technology called Group Support Systems which is designed to provide not only communication but rather computer-mediated collaboration. This paper introduces this learning methodology and illustrates its potential to improve critical thinking, problem solving and communication skills of all students who are stimulated to participate as equal learners. It also describes how teachers are transformed from ‘information delivery specialists’ to guides and facilitators of learning.
Low latency and energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of tiny sensor nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. Now a days, it is finding wide applicability and increasing deployment, as it enables reliable monitoring and analysis of environment. The design of routing protocols for WSN is influenced by many challenging factors like fault tolerance, energy efficiency, scalability, latency, power consumption and network topology. In this paper, we mainly focus on minimizing end to end latency and energy efficiency as primary design objectives of routing protocols for WSN without overshadowing the other design factors. We present a survey of low latency, energy efficient and time critical routing protocols. TEEN (Threshold - sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol), a reactive network protocol which is well suited for time critical data sensing applications is quite efficient in terms of energy consumption and response time. APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold - sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol), a hybrid network protocol which gives the overall picture of the network at periodic intervals in a very energy efficient manner. SPEED is a Stateless, highly efficient and scalable protocol for sensor networks which achieves end to end soft real time communication by maintaining a desired delivery speed across the network through a novel combination of feedback control and non deterministic geographic forwarding. RAP, a real - time communication architecture for large scale sensor networks which significantly reduces the end to end latency by using Velocity - Monotonic Scheduling (VMS). RPAR, Real - Time Power Aware Routing Protocol which supports energy efficient real - time communication by dynamically adapting transmission power and routing decisions. We also discuss the advantages and performance issues of each routing protocol.
Marine cage culture and the environment: effects on water quality and primary production

Increasing human population and reliance on aquaculture for seafood will lead to expansion of the industry in the open ocean. To guide environmentally sustainable expansion, coastal stakeholders require tools to evaluate the risks that marine aquaculture poses and to craft science-based policies and practices which safeguard marine ecosystems. We summarized current knowledge regarding dissolved nutrient loading from marine fish farms around the world, direct impacts on water quality and secondary impacts on primary production, including formation of harmful algal blooms. We found that modern operating conditions have minimized impacts of individual fish farms on marine water quality. Effects on dissolved oxygen and turbidity are largely eliminated through better management. Nutrient enrichment of the near-field water column is not detectable beyond 100 m of a farm when formulated feeds are used, and feed waste is minimized. We highlight the role of siting fish farms in deep waters with sufficient current to disperse nutrients and prevent water quality impacts. We extensively discuss the potential for advances in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) to assimilate waste nutrients. Although modern farm management practices have decreased environmental effects of marine fish farms, we conclude that questions remain about the additive impacts of discharge from multiple farms potentially leading to increased primary production and eutrophication. Research results on secondary effects upon primary production are highly variable. In some locations, nutrient loading has little or no trophic impact, while at others there is evidence that nutrients are assimilated by primary producers. Research on far-field and regional processes, especially in intensively farmed areas and over longer time scales, will refine understanding of the full ecological role of fish farms in marine environments.
A randomized controlled trial of the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on anxiety symptoms and systolic blood pressure in Chinese nursing students.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies suggested that mindfulness meditation effectively reduced stress-related anxiety and depression symptoms, but no research has evaluated the efficacy of mindfulness meditation in nurses and nursing students in China.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on the anxiety and depression symptoms and autonomic nervous system activity in Chinese nursing students.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
A medical university in Guangzhou, China.


PARTICIPANTS
One hundred and five nursing students were randomly approached by email and seventy-two responded. Sixty recruited students were randomized into meditation and control group (n=30 each) after screening and exclusion due to factors known to influence mood ratings and autonomic nervous system measures.


METHODS
The meditation group performed mindfulness meditation 30 min daily for 7 consecutive days. The control group received no intervention except pre-post treatment measurements. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were administered to participants, and heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Pre- and post-treatment data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.


RESULTS
Differences between pre- and post-treatment Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were significantly larger in the meditation group than in the control group, but no similar effect was observed for Self-Rating Depression Scale scores. Systolic blood pressure was reduced more after the intervention in the meditation group than in the control group, with an average reduction of 2.2 mmHg. A moderate level of anxiety was associated with the maximum meditation effect.


CONCLUSIONS
Brief mindfulness meditation was beneficial for Chinese nursing students in reducing anxiety symptoms and lowering systolic blood pressure. Individuals with moderate anxiety are most likely to benefit from a short-term mindfulness meditation program.
Phase Retrieval for Sparse Signals: Uniqueness Conditions

In a variety of fields, in particular those involving imaging and optics, we often measure signals whose phase is missing or has been irremediably distorted. Phase retrieval attempts the recovery of the phase information of a signal from the magnitude of its Fourier transform to enable the reconstruction of the original signal. A fundamental question then is: “Under which conditions can we uniquely recover the signal of interest from its measured magnitudes?” In this paper, we assume the measured signal to be sparse. This is a natural assumption in many applications, such as X-ray crystallography, speckle imaging and blind channel estimation. In this work, we derive a sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the solution of the phase retrieval (PR) problem for both discrete and continuous domains, and for one and multi–dimensional domains. More precisely, we show that there is a strong connection between PR and the turnpike problem, a classic combinatorial problem. We also prove that the existence of collisions in the autocorrelation function of the signal may preclude the uniqueness of the solution of PR. Then, assuming the absence of collisions, we prove that the solution is almost surely unique on 1–dimensional domains. Finally, we extend this result to multi–dimensional signals by solving a set of 1–dimensional problems. We show that the solution of the multi-dimensional problem is unique when the autocorrelation function has no collisions, significantly improving upon a previously known result.
Antenna for metal body mobile devices

There is an increased demand of metal back cover mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets and laptops. This constrains the antenna design and leaves very small area for antennas. Another practical problem seen is reduction in volume available for antennas while number of bands which are supported in these devices are ever increasing. To mitigate these problems we used metal body of the device itself as an antenna. In this paper we are presenting metal body antenna design and its test results which supports all of existing LTE, GSM and WCDMA bands.
Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries.

BACKGROUND
Numerous studies report an association between social support and protection from depression, but no systematic review or meta-analysis exists on this topic.


AIMS
To review systematically the characteristics of social support (types and source) associated with protection from depression across life periods (childhood and adolescence; adulthood; older age) and by study design (cross-sectional v cohort studies).


METHOD
A systematic literature search conducted in February 2015 yielded 100 eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal checklist, followed by meta-analyses.


RESULTS
Sources of support varied across life periods, with parental support being most important among children and adolescents, whereas adults and older adults relied more on spouses, followed by family and then friends. Significant heterogeneity in social support measurement was noted. Effects were weaker in both magnitude and significance in cohort studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge gaps remain due to social support measurement heterogeneity and to evidence of reverse causality bias.
On the Unitarity problem in space-time noncommutative theories

Abstract It is shown that the violation of unitarity observed in space/time noncommutative field theories is due to an improper definition of quantum field theory on noncommutative spacetime.
Electronic structure of dioxazines

The electronic spectra of dioxazines are interpreted by means of the semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople method.
Big Five Predictors of Academic Achievement

A large-sample study (N 5 717) is described in which two broad Big Five factor measures were compared with two narrow personality trait measures in the prediction of final grades in an undergraduate psychology course. The Big Five factors evaluated as predictors were Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience (or Intellect). The traits evaluated, which were constituents of the respective factors, were need for Achievement and need for Understanding. In each comparison, the lower level trait measure did better than its higher level factor measure in the prediction of course grades. We conclude that the aggregation of narrow trait measures into broad factor measures can be counterproductive from the points of view of both behavior prediction and behavior explanation.  2001 Academic Press
An Efficient Camera Calibration Technique Offering Robustness and Accuracy Over a Wide Range of Lens Distortion

In the field of machine vision, camera calibration refers to the experimental determination of a set of parameters that describe the image formation process for a given analytical model of the machine vision system. Researchers working with low-cost digital cameras and off-the-shelf lenses generally favor camera calibration techniques that do not rely on specialized optical equipment, modifications to the hardware, or an a priori knowledge of the vision system. Most of the commonly used calibration techniques are based on the observation of a single 3-D target or multiple planar (2-D) targets with a large number of control points. This paper presents a novel calibration technique that offers improved accuracy, robustness, and efficiency over a wide range of lens distortion. This technique operates by minimizing the error between the reconstructed image points and their experimentally determined counterparts in “distortion free” space. This facilitates the incorporation of the exact lens distortion model. In addition, expressing spatial orientation in terms of unit quaternions greatly enhances the proposed calibration solution by formulating a minimally redundant system of equations that is free of singularities. Extensive performance benchmarking consisting of both computer simulation and experiments confirmed higher accuracy in calibration regardless of the amount of lens distortion present in the optics of the camera. This paper also experimentally confirmed that a comprehensive lens distortion model including higher order radial and tangential distortion terms improves calibration accuracy.
On Natural Deduction

1. General nature of natural deduction. For Gentzen's natural deduction, a formalized method of deduction in quantification theory dating from 1934,' these important advantages may be claimed: it corresponds more closely than other methods of formalized quantification theory to habitual unformalized modes of reasoning, and it consequently tends to minimize the false moves involved in seeking to construct proofs. The object of this paper is to present and justify a simplification of Gentzen's method, to the end of enhancing the advantages just claimed. No acquaintance with Gentien's work will be presupposed. A further advantage of Gentzen's method, also somewhat enhanced in my revision of the method, is relative brevity of proofs. In the more usual systematizations of quantification theory, theorems are derived from axiom schemata by proofs which, if rendered in full, would quickly run to unwieldy lengths. Consequently an abbreviative expedient is usually adopted which consists in preserving and numbering theorems for reference in proofs of subsequent theorems. Further brevity is commonly gained by establishing metatheorems, or derived rules, for reference in proving subsequent theorems. In natural deduction, on the other hand, proofs tend to be so short that the abbreviative expedients just now mentioned may conveniently be dispensed with-at least until theorems of extraordinary complexity are embarked upon. In natural deduction accordingly it is customary to start each argument from scratch, without benefit of accumulated theorems or derived rules. It will be seen, when we proceed to details, that the rules of natural deduction lack certain traits of elegance which grace the more usual systematizations of quantification theory. Any reader who for this reason inclines to a systematization of the more usual kind may still look upon the rules of natural deduction (hereafter to be set forth) as a set of derived rules, or metatheorems, of his own system. Their derivability, granted the completeness of his own system, is assured by the ensuing proof of soundness (?6). The rules remain notable as metatheorems, in view of the virtues previously urged; and, as we shall see (?5), they are adequate to quantification theory in its entirety. The schemata of quantification theory are built up of atomic schemata 'p', 'q', 'r', 'Fx', 'Fy', 'GOx', 'Hyz', etc., by means of truth-functional connectives ' '.', 'D', etc. and quantifiers '(x)', '(y)', '(3x)', etc. in the familiar ways. A schema is called valid if it comes out true no matter what truth values be assigned to 'p', 'q', etc., and no matter what non-empty universe be adopted as range for the variables 'x', 'y', etc., and no matter what classes and relations of objects in that universe be adopted as interpretations of 'F, 'G', 'H', etc., and no matter what objects in that universe be assigned to the free variables. One
EIGEN: Ecologically-Inspired GENetic Approach for Neural Network Structure Searching

Designing the structure of neural networks is considered one of the most challenging tasks in deep learning, especially when there is few prior knowledge about the task domain. In this paper, we propose an Ecologically-Inspired GENetic (EIGEN) approach that uses the concept of succession, extinction, mimicry, and gene duplication to search neural network structure from scratch with poorly initialized simple network and few constraints forced during the evolution, as we assume no prior knowledge about the task domain. Specifically, we first use primary succession to rapidly evolve a population of poorly initialized neural network structures into a more diverse population, followed by a secondary succession stage for fine-grained searching based on the networks from the primary succession. Extinction is applied in both stages to reduce computational cost. Mimicry is employed during the entire evolution process to help the inferior networks imitate the behavior of a superior network and gene duplication is utilized to duplicate the learned blocks of novel structures, both of which help to find better network structures. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can achieve similar or better performance compared to the existing genetic approaches with dramatically reduced computation cost. For example, the network discovered by our approach on CIFAR-100 dataset achieves 78.1% test accuracy under 120 GPU hours, compared to 77.0% test accuracy in more than 65, 536 GPU hours in [36].