LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems

 Hierarchies and adaptive cycles comprise the basis of ecosystems and social-ecological systems across scales. Together they form a panarchy. The panarchy describes how a healthy system can invent and experiment, benefiting from inventions that create opportunity while being kept safe from those that destabilize because of their nature or excessive exuberance. Each level is allowed to operate at its own pace, protected from above by slower, larger levels but invigorated from below by faster, smaller cycles of innovation. The whole panarchy is therefore both creative and conserving. The interactions between cycles in a panarchy combine learning with continuity. An analysis of this process helps to clarify the meaning of “sustainable development.” Sustainability is the capacity to create, test, and maintain adaptive capability. Development is the process of creating, testing, and maintaining opportunity. The phrase that combines the two, “sustainable development,” thus refers to the goal of fostering adaptive capabilities and creating opportunities. It is therefore not an oxymoron but a term that describes a logical partnership.
NeoGemOx: Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced, nonmetastasized pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can facilitate pancreatic resection in patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC). We report the results of a phase II trial of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic PC.


METHODS
A prospective, phase II clinical trial using neoadjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of gemcitabine (900 mg/m(2)) and oxaliplatin (60 mg/m(2)) given as intravenous infusion once a week at day 1 of each treatment cycle (NeoGemOx protocol). Patients received 6-9 cycles of chemotherapy. Those patients with sufficient tumor regression subsequently underwent pancreatic resection and were followed postoperatively to assess long-term survival.


RESULTS
A total of 33 patients were eligible and were included in the intent-to-treat and evaluable population. On centralized review of the imaging studies, 18 patients had unresectable disease at inclusion, and 15 patients had borderline resectable PC. Eventually, 13 patients (39%) had a curative resection after neoadjuvant therapy. The R0 resection rate was 69%. Median overall survival of patients who underwent tumor resection was 22 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14-30) compared with 12 months (95% CI, 9-15) for those without resection (P = .046). The median recurrence-free survival rate after resection was 10 months (95% CI, 4-17).


CONCLUSION
Neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin is well tolerated and safe. Substantive tumor regression occurs in some patients with locally advanced PC treated with this neoadjuvant protocol, offering the potential for curative resection and improvement in overall survival. Additional studies involving the NeoGemOx protocol should be considered to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination.
Design of dielectric resonator reflectarray using full-wave analysis

Reflectarray antennas realized by rectangular and crossed dielectric resonator for linear and circular polarization, respectively, in X-band are investigated. The reflectarray is center fed by linearly polarized pyramidal horn antenna. Full-wave analysis using the finite integration technique is applied. The mutual coupling between the feeding horn and the elements of the reflectarray are considered. A 15.5% bandwidth is achieved with 1 dB gain variation in case of linearly polarized reflectarray designed at 10 GHz. The reflectarray has a gain of 25 dBi. The cross-polarization is very low of about −55dB below the main beam peak. The 3-dB beamwidth is 5°. Circularly polarized dielectric resonator reflectarray antenna with linearly polarized feed is presented. 169-element reflectarray antenna is designed. For the frequency band between 8.2 GHz and 10.3 GHz, the gain is from 15.6 dBi to 18.5 dBi, and the axial ratio is below 3 dB.
Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners.

We examined the psychosocial influences on female prisoner suicide by carrying out a study of near-lethal self-harm. We interviewed 60 women prisoners who had recently engaged in near-lethal self-harm (cases) and 60 others who had never carried out near-lethal acts in prison (controls) from all closed female prison establishments in England and Wales, using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. We gathered information on socio-demographic and criminological variables, life events and childhood trauma, exposure to suicidal behaviour, contributory and precipitating factors for near-lethal self-harm, social support and psychological characteristics. While socio-demographic factors were only modestly associated with near-lethal self-harm, being on remand, in single cell accommodation, and reporting negative experiences of imprisonment were strong correlates. Recent life events and past trauma, including different forms of childhood abuse, were also significantly associated with near-lethal self-harm, as were a family history of suicide and high scores on measures of depression, aggression, impulsivity and hostility, and low levels of self-esteem and social support. Our findings underline the importance of both individual and prison-related factors for suicide in custody, and hence the need for a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention in women's prisons. Given the multiple needs of female prisoners at-risk of self-harm and suicide, complex psychosocial interventions are likely to be required, including interventions for abused and bereaved women, and initiatives to improve staff-prisoner relationships and reduce bullying. The findings of this research may provide insights into factors leading to suicidal behaviour in other forensic and institutional settings, such as detention centres and psychiatric hospitals, and may assist in developing suicide prevention policies for prisoners and other at-risk populations.
Research of Ontology-based Adaptive Learning System

Adaptive hypermedia and semantic Web are the main implementation technologies of adaptive learning system. The learning system would be able to achieve individual optimized access to learning resource by ontology technology and provide friendly user interface by adaptive hypermedia. Taking the individual learning style and requirements of the users into account, in this paper we propose a framework for adaptive e-learning system and show how the knowledge ontology model and learner ontology model are formulated, and how the adaptive learning strategies can be utilized to perform meaningful personalization and adaptation.
Sophisticated particle-feeding in a large Early Cambrian crustacean

Most Cambrian arthropods employed simple feeding mechanisms requiring only low degrees of appendage differentiation. In contrast, post-Cambrian crustaceans exhibit a wide diversity of feeding specializations and possess a vast ecological repertoire. Crustaceans are evident in the Cambrian fossil record, but have hitherto been known exclusively from small individuals with limited appendage differentiation. Here we describe a sophisticated feeding apparatus from an Early Cambrian arthropod that had a body length of several centimetres. Details of the mouthparts resolve this taxon as a probable crown-group (pan)crustacean, while its feeding style, which allowed it to generate and handle fine food particles, significantly expands the known ecological capabilities of Cambrian arthropods. This Early Cambrian record predates the major expansions of large-bodied, particle-handling crustaceans by at least one hundred million years, emphasizing the importance of ecological context in driving adaptive radiations.
Analysis of preprocessing vs. cost-sensitive learning for imbalanced classification. Open problems on intrinsic data characteristics

Class imbalance is among the most persistent complications which may confront the traditional supervised learning task in real-world applications. The problem occurs, in the binary case, when the number of instances in one class significantly outnumbers the number of instances in the other class. This situation is a handicap when trying to identify the minority class, as the learning algorithms are not usually adapted to such characteristics. The approaches to deal with the problem of imbalanced datasets fall into two major categories: data sampling and algorithmic modification. Cost-sensitive learning solutions incorporating both the data and algorithm level approaches assume higher misclassification costs with samples in the minority class and seek to minimize high cost errors. Nevertheless, there is not a full exhaustive comparison between those models which can help us to determine the most appropriate one under different scenarios. The main objective of this work is to analyze the performance of data level proposals against algorithm level proposals focusing in cost-sensitive models and versus a hybrid procedure that combines those two approaches. We will show, by means of a statistical comparative analysis, that we cannot highlight an unique approach among the rest. This will lead to a discussion about the data intrinsic characteristics of the imbalanced classification problem which will help to follow new paths that can lead to the improvement of current models mainly focusing on class overlap and dataset shift in imbalanced classification. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A hybrid intelligent system for medical data classification

In this paper, a hybrid intelligent system that consists of the Fuzzy Min–Max neural network, the Classification and Regression Tree, and the Random Forest model is proposed, and its efficacy as a decision support tool for medical data classification is examined. The hybrid intelligent system aims to exploit the advantages of the constituent models and, at the same time, alleviate their limitations. It is able to learn incrementally from data samples (owing to Fuzzy Min–Max neural network), explain its predicted outputs (owing to the Classification and Regression Tree), and achieve high classification performances (owing to Random Forest). To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent system, three benchmark medical data sets, viz., Breast Cancer Wisconsin, Pima Indians Diabetes, and Liver Disorders from the UCI Repository of Machine Learning, are used for evaluation. A number of useful performance metrics in medical applications which include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, as well as the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve are computed. The results are analyzed and compared with those from other methods published in the literature. The experimental outcomes positively demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent system is effective in undertaking medical data classification tasks. More importantly, the hybrid intelligent system not only is able to produce good results but also to elucidate its knowledge base with a decision tree. As a result, domain users (i.e., medical practitioners) are able to comprehend the prediction given by the hybrid intelligent system; hence accepting its role as a useful medical decision support tool. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Silicon Nanocrystals as an Enabling Material for Silicon Photonics

Silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) is an enabling material for silicon photonics, which is no longer an emerging field of research but an available technology with the first commercial products available on the market. In this paper, properties and applications of Si-nc in silicon photonics are reviewed. After a brief history of silicon photonics, the limitations of silicon as a light emitter are discussed and the strategies to overcome them are briefly treated, with particular attention to the recent achievements. Emphasis is given to the visible optical gain properties of Si-nc and to its sensitization effect on Er ions to achieve infrared light amplification. The state of the art of Si-nc applied in a few photonic components is reviewed and discussed. The possibility to exploit Si-nc for solar cells is also presented. In addition, nonlinear optical effects, which enable fast all-optical switches, are described.
A prospective, randomized trial comparing 25-gauge and 22-gauge needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic masses.

OBJECTIVES
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is widely performed for pancreatic masses. The 25-gauge needle (25G) might be easier to be manipulated and expected to be associated with fewer complications since it is thinner and more flexible than the 22-gauge needle (22G) although obtaining adequate specimens is questioned. In this randomized trial, the authors tried to compare prospectively 25G and 22G in diagnostic accuracy, manipulability from the operator's viewpoint and procedure-related complications.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 188 consecutive patients undergoing EUS-FNA for solid or cystic pancreatic masses were consecutively enrolled and 94 patients were randomized to either 25G or 22G group, respectively.


RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were similar except that more masses of 25G group were located in the head or uncinate process of pancreas than those from 22G group. Although there was no difference in diagnostic accuracy (89.4% vs. 88.3% with p = 0.82), 25G was easier to be manipulated (p = 0.004) and related with fewer procedure-related complications (10.6% vs. 3.2% with p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
25G can be chosen in preference to 22G when performing pancreatic EUS-FNA because 25G was significantly superior to 22G in terms of manipulability and complications although both were effective for accurate diagnosis.
What Do Nongovernmental Organizations Do

A top a cliff overlooking Lake Albert in western Uganda, nearly 20,000 refugees from Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo inhabit the Kyangwali refugee settlement. Driven from their homeland by conflict and humanitarian crises, these refugees grow food, attend schools, raise livestock, and replenish trees inside the settlement and in the community beyond. Many of these refugees have been living in Uganda for over a decade (Aktion Akrika Hilfe, 2006). While the property and local security are provided by the Ugandan government, the welfare of the refugees is the responsibility of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which in turn allocates approximately one-third of its $1 billion budget to its “implementing partners,” a handful of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that conduct many of the day-to-day operations that interface directly with the refugees (United Nations, 2006). One of those implementing partners is Action Africa Health International, an NGO that specializes in “chronic disasters” with headquarters in Nairobi and a fund-raising entity in Munich. Action Africa Health International implements food distribution, agricultural extension, environmental management, HIV/AIDS awareness, and repatriation programs in Kyangwali and the surrounding district. Its funding comes from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; the World Food Programme, another UN agency; and Bread for the World, a Washington, D.C.-based Christian organization. This scene is carried out with different donors and beneficiaries, and different acronyms, in thousands of places across the developing world.
The neglected need for psychological intervention in patients suffering from incidentally discovered intracranial aneurysms

OBJECTIVES
Previous studies demonstrated a conspicuously elevated rate of psychiatric disorders in patients with incidental intracranial aneurysms. This study was designed to analyze the impact of this observation on the post-interventional rates of PTSD, depressions and anxiety disorders in this collective.


METHODS
Physically unaffected iA patients with an unremarkable medical history were included in this two center study. Pre-interventional psychiatric histories, rates of post-interventional depressions, subjective trauma, PTSD, and pre-interventional fears were determined by questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Event Scale (IES), civilian Post-traumatic-Stress-Disorder (PTSD) Check List (PCL-C)). Benign meningioma (M) patients served as controls.


RESULTS
58 M and 45 iA patients were enrolled. Significantly higher rates of PTSD, elevated trauma scores, and moderate/severe depressions (PTSD: p=0.0017; IES: p=0.0038; BDI: p=0.0301) were demonstrated in the iA collective. After excluding patients with a positive pre-interventional psychiatric history those differences were not reproducible. 70% of the iA patients reported an improvement of their unspecific pre-interventional symptoms, while 30% would have rated a psychological consultation as helpful.


CONCLUSION
The data identifies the early psychological consultation as a relevant and by affected patients accepted treatment modification when trying to improve the outcome after treatment of incidental aneurysms.
Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ).

OBJECTIVE
To assess the reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ), a 16-item measure of mindful awareness of distressing thoughts and images.


METHODS
A total of 256 people participated, comprising a non-clinical community sample of 134 (83 meditators and 51 non-meditators) and a clinical sample of 122 people with a current distressing psychosis. To assess concurrent validity, non-clinical participants and half clinical participants (total 197 participants) completed the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS). Predicted links were assessed with affect, and 59 patients completed a validated measure to assess link between mindfulness and intensity of 'delusional' experience.


RESULTS
The scale has a single factor structure, was internally reliable, significantly correlated with the MAAS, showed expected associations with affect, and distinguished among meditators, non-meditators and people with psychosis.


CONCLUSIONS
The data support use of the SMQ in clinical practice and research to assess mindful responding to distressing thoughts and images.
Characteristics and outcomes of HIV-1-infected patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PURPOSE
We determined the prevalence of risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), outcomes of critical illness, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients. We hypothesized that in an urban county hospital, HIV-1-infected patients with ARDS would have a higher mortality than their HIV-1-uninfected counterparts.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects were enrolled between 2006 and 2012. Baseline patient demographics, comorbidities, illness severity, causes of ARDS, and clinical outcomes were obtained. The primary end point was hospital mortality.


RESULTS
A total of 178 subjects with ARDS were enrolled in the study; 40 (22%) were infected with HIV-1. The median CD4 count was 75 (15.3-198.3), and 25% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1-infected subjects were significantly younger (44 vs 52 years; P < .01) and had higher rates of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, history of hospital-acquired infections, and prior sepsis. HIV-1-infected subjects had greater illness severity by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (29 [24-31] vs 24 [22-25]; P < .01). Hospital mortality was not higher among HIV-1-infected subjects compared with HIV-1-uninfected subjects (50.0% vs 38.4%; P = .19).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ARDS, HIV-1 infection was associated with greater illness severity but was not associated with higher mortality in ARDS. Future studies need to be done to evaluate the factors that contribute to high morbidity and mortality in medically vulnerable populations who develop ARDS.
New Zealanders in Australia--a census profile.

A profile of persons born in New Zealand who were counted in the 1981 census of Australia is presented. Consideration is given to spatial distribution occupation industry income and citizenship. (ANNOTATION)
Ensembl Genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity

Ensembl Genomes (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org) is an integrating resource for genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species, complementing the resources for vertebrate genomics developed in the context of the Ensembl project (http://www.ensembl.org). Together, the two resources provide a consistent set of programmatic and interactive interfaces to a rich range of data including reference sequence, gene models, transcriptional data, genetic variation and comparative analysis. This paper provides an update to the previous publications about the resource, with a focus on recent developments. These include the development of new analyses and views to represent polyploid genomes (of which bread wheat is the primary exemplar); and the continued up-scaling of the resource, which now includes over 23 000 bacterial genomes, 400 fungal genomes and 100 protist genomes, in addition to 55 genomes from invertebrate metazoa and 39 genomes from plants. This dramatic increase in the number of included genomes is one part of a broader effort to automate the integration of archival data (genome sequence, but also associated RNA sequence data and variant calls) within the context of reference genomes and make it available through the Ensembl user interfaces.
Clinical outcomes following bifurcation double-stenting with bioresorbable scaffolds.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate outcomes following bifurcation double-stenting utilizing a bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) in the main branch (MB) and either a BRS or metallic drug-eluting stent (DES) in the side branch (SB).


BACKGROUNDS
Data on outcomes of bifurcation lesions treated with BRSs, especially with double-stenting, are currently lacking.


METHODS
Data were examined from 42 de novo bifurcation lesions (41 patients) treated with double-stenting utilizing Absorb BRS in MB and BRS/DES in SB. Clinical outcomes including cardiac death, follow-up myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and definite scaffold/stent thrombosis (ST) were investigated.


RESULTS
The majority of target lesions were left anterior descending artery (LAD) bifurcations, and intravascular imaging was used in the majority of cases (92.9%). In SBs, BRSs were utilized in 19 lesions (19 patients) and DESs in 23 lesions (22 patients). Angiographic success was achieved in all lesions. The median follow-up was 594 days (interquartile range 214 - 838 days). The overall TLR-rates were 9.7% at 1 year and 14.0% at 2 years (MB-TLR: 6.9% at 1 year and 11.1% at 2 years; SB TLR: 9.7% at 1 year and 14.0% at 2 years). No definite ST was observed during follow-up. TLR rates in both the MB and SB tended to be higher in the SB-BRS group when compared to the SB-DES group.


CONCLUSION
Mid-term clinical outcomes following double-stenting using BRS were acceptable. Bifurcation lesions treated with DES in SB tended to have lower TLR rates in both the MB and SB when compared to implanting BRS in both branches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.