LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
CETS : Compiler-Enforced Temporal Safety for C Santosh Nagarakatte Jianzhou

Temporal memory safety errors, such as dangling pointer dereferences and double frees, are a prevalent source of software bugs in unmanaged languages such as C. Existing schemes that attempt to retrofit temporal safety for such languages have high runtime overheads and/or are incomplete, thereby limiting their effectiveness as debugging aids. This paper presents CETS, a compile-time transformation for detecting all violations of temporal safety in C programs. Inspired by existing approaches, CETS maintains a unique identifier with each object, associates this metadata with the pointers in a disjoint metadata space to retain memory layout compatibility, and checks that the object is still allocated on pointer dereferences. A formal proof shows that this is sufficient to provide temporal safety even in the presence of arbitrary casts if the program contains no spatial safety violations. Our CETS prototype employs both temporal check removal optimizations and traditional compiler optimizations to achieve a runtime overhead of just 48% on average. When combined with a spatial-checking system, the average overall overhead is 116% for complete memory safety. Disciplines Computer Sciences Comments Santosh Nagarakatte, Jianzhou Zhao, Milo M. K. Martin, and Steve Zdancewic. CETS: Compiler-Enforced Temporal Safety for C. In Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Memory Management (ISMM), 2010. doi>10.1145/1806651.1806657 © ACM, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Memory Management , {VOL#, ISS#, (DATE)} http://doi.acm.org/ 10.1145/1806651.1806657 This conference paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/576 CETS: Compiler-Enforced Temporal Safety for C Santosh Nagarakatte Jianzhou Zhao Milo M. K. Martin Steve Zdancewic Computer and Information Sciences Department, University of Pennsylvania santoshn@cis.upenn.edu jianzhou@cis.upenn.edu milom@cis.upenn.edu stevez@cis.upenn.edu
The working principle of an Arduino

In this paper, we analyze the working principle of an arduino. These days many people try to use the arduino because it makes things easier due to the simplified version of C++ and the already made Arduino microcontroller(atmega328 microcontroller [1]) that you can programme, erase and reprogramme at any given time. In this paper we will discuss the hardware components used in the arduino board, the software used to programme it (Arduino board) with the guide on how to write and construct your own projects, and a couple of examples of an arduino project, This will give you the overall view of an arduino uno, that after reading this paper you will get the basic concept and use of an arduino uno.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks and defense mechanisms: classification and state-of-the-art

Nowadays, web applications are becoming one of the standard platforms for representing data and service releases over the World Wide Web. Since web applications are progressively more utilized for security-critical services, therefore they have turned out to be a well-liked and precious target for the web-related vulnerabilities. Even though several defensive mechanisms have been building up to reinforce the modern web applications and alleviate the attacks instigated against them. We have analyzed the major concerns for web applications and Internet-based services which are persistent in several web applications of diverse organizations like banking, health care, financial service, retail and so on by the referring the Website Security Statistics Report of White Hat Security. In this paper, we highlight some of the serious vulnerabilities found in the modern web applications and revealed various serious vulnerabilities. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack is the top most vulnerability found in the today’s web applications which to be a plague for the modern web applications. XSS attacks permit an attacker to execute the malicious scripts on the victim’s web browser resulting in various side-effects such as data compromise, stealing of cookies, passwords, credit card numbers etc. We have also discussed a high level of taxonomy of XSS attacks and detailed incidences of these attacks on web applications. A detailed comprehensive analysis of the exploitation, detection and prevention mechanisms of XSS attacks has also been discussed. Based on explored strength and flaws of these mechanisms, we have discussed some further work.
Diuretic response in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: characteristics and clinical outcome—an analysis from RELAX-AHF

AIMS
We studied the characteristics and clinical outcome related to diuretic response and the effects of serelaxin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF).


METHODS AND RESULTS
RELAX-AHF was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolling 1161 patients admitted to hospital for AHF who were randomized to 48 h i.v infusions of placebo or serelaxin (30 µg/kg per day) within 16 h from presentation. Diuretic response was defined as Δ weight kg/[(total i.v. dose)/40 mg] + [(total oral dose)/80 mg)] furosemide (or equivalent loop diuretic dose) up to day 5. Median diuretic response was -0.42 (-1.00, -0.14) kg/40 mg. A poor diuretic response was independently associated with Western-like region (Western Europe, North America, Israel, and Poland), lower diastolic blood pressure, the absence of oedema, higher blood urea nitrogen, and lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase and potassium (all P < 0.01). Randomization to serelaxin was associated with lower doses of i.v. loop diuretics and slightly less weight loss, resulting in a neutral effect on diuretic response. Worse diuretic response was independently associated both with less relief of dyspnoea, measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at day 5 (primary endpoint; P = 0.0002), and with a higher risk of cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for heart failure or renal failure through day 60 (secondary endpoint, P < 0.0001), but not with increased 180-day cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.507).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients hospitalized for AHF, a poor diuretic response was associated with a poor in-hospital and early post-discharge clinical outcome. Serelaxin had a neutral effect on diuretic response.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT00520806.
Power Supply Noise Aware Floorplanning and Decoupling Capacitance Placement

Power supply noise is strong function of the switching activities of the circuit modules. Peak power supply noise can be significantly reduced by judiciously arranging the modules based on their spatial correlations in the floorplan. In this paper, power supply noise is, for the first time, incorporated into the cost function to determine the optimal floorplan in terms of real, wire length, and power supply noise. Compared to the conventional floorplanning which only considers area and wire length, power supply noise aware floorplanning can generate better floorplan both in terms of area and peak noise. The decoupling capacitance required by each module is also calculated and placed in the vicinity of the target module during the floorplanning process. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark circuits show that the peak power supply noise can be reduced as much as 40% and both the total area and wire length are improved due to the reduced total decoupling capacitance budget gained from reduced power supply noise.
The fuzzy logic method for innovation performance measurement

In article various approaches to measurement of efficiency of innovations and the problems arising at their measurement are considered, the system of an indistinct conclusion for the solution of a problem of obtaining recommendations about measurement of efficiency of innovations is offered.
Low-Timing-Jitter Single-Photon Detection Using 1-GHz Sinusoidally Gated InGaAs/InP Avalanche Photodiode

We demonstrate an efficient way to improve the timing jitter of sine-wave gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photo diode (APD) by combining sinusoidally balanced differencing and low-pass filtering techniques to minimize detrimental waveform distortion of the avalanche signal, and realize a 1-GHz gated InGaAs/InP single-photon detector with the timing jitter as low as 60 ps. The detection efficiency could reach 10.4% at 1550 nm with the maximum count rate ~100 MHz, after pulse probability ~3.0%, and dark count rate ~6.1 × 10-6 per gate. Such low timing jitter single-photon detectors offer facility for quantum key distribution at gigahertz clock rate.
Hypotensive resuscitation strategy reduces transfusion requirements and severe postoperative coagulopathy in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and is thus a major public health concern. Previous studies have shown that limiting the amount of fluids given by following a strategy of permissive hypotension during the initial resuscitation period may improve trauma outcomes. This study examines the clinical outcomes from the first 90 patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized controlled trial of hypotensive resuscitation, with the primary aim of assessing the effects of a limited transfusion and intravenous (IV) fluid strategy on 30-day morbidity and mortality.


METHODS
Patients in hemorrhagic shock who required emergent surgery were randomized to one of the two arms of the study for intraoperative resuscitation. Those in the experimental (low mean arterial pressure [LMAP]) arm were managed with a hypotensive resuscitation strategy in which the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 50 mm Hg. Those in the control (high MAP [HMAP]) arm were managed with standard fluid resuscitation to a target MAP of 65 mm Hg. Patients were followed up for 30 days. Intraoperative fluid requirements, mortality, postoperative complications, and other clinical data were prospectively gathered and analyzed.


RESULTS
Patients in the LMAP group received a significantly less blood products and total i.v. fluids during intraoperative resuscitation than those in the HMAP group. They had significantly lower mortality in the early postoperative period and a nonsignificant trend for lower mortality at 30 days. Patients in the LMAP group were significantly less likely to develop immediate postoperative coagulopathy and less likely to die from postoperatively bleeding associated with coagulopathy. Among those who developed coagulopathy in both groups, patients in the LMAP group had significantly lower international normalized ratio than those in the HMAP group, indicating a less severe coagulopathy.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypotensive resuscitation is a safe strategy for use in the trauma population and results in a significant reduction in blood product transfusions and overall IV fluid administration. Specifically, resuscitating patients with the intent of maintaining a target minimum MAP of 50 mm Hg, rather than 65 mm Hg, significantly decreases postoperative coagulopathy and lowers the risk of early postoperative death and coagulopathy. These preliminary results provide convincing evidence that support the continued investigation and use of hypotensive resuscitation in the trauma setting.
Influence of grafter skill and season on cultured pearl shape, circles and rejects in Pinctada margaritifera aquaculture in Mangareva lagoon

Cultured pearls quality produced by the mollusc Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingi is determined by a panel of criteria, of which shape is one of the most relevant. Cultured pearls with round and semi-round (RS) shapes are the most valuable. Decreasing the proportion of other pearl shapes (OT: baroque, button, drop, oval), and especially the circled pearls (CL) and rejects (rebuts: RT), is an important challenge for the pearl industry. The present study examined the effect of grafter skill and season of graft on the variation in proportions of CL, RS, OT and RT cultured pearl shape categories in a monosite culture (Mangareva island lagoon). Six large-scale grafting experiments, carried out in the same way as commercial grafting sessions, were made by seventeen experienced grafters over three seasons. After two years of culture, a total of 42,575 cultured pearls were harvested and sorted into shape categories. This study is the first to apply large-scale traceability to effects of individual grafter skill on cultured pearl shape in P. margaritifera. Grafter effects were clearly demonstrated on the proportions 1) of CL and RS, 2), to a in a lesser extent, of OT and RT, but 3) were low, affecting only a few percent of the overall means. For a high quality cultured pearl production, grafter effect could reduce CL rate by 7% and increase RS rate by 4%. In addition, the results indicate a significantly indirect influence of grafting season on shape class proportions, as these differ in autumn grafts, CL (– 12%), RS (+ 13%) and OT (+ 24%), in comparison to winter and spring. Possible implications of "oyster" physiological reproductive status are discussed, as the difference in grafting season corresponds to differences in maturity of the recipient "oysters". Rates of RT were only increased (+ 14%) during the seasons when the lagoon water temperature was the coldest (winter) and the warmest (transition to summer). Highlights
Sun protection at elementary schools: a cluster randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Elementary schools represent both a source of childhood sun exposure and a setting for educational interventions.


METHODS
Sun Protection of Florida's Children was a cluster randomized trial promoting hat use at (primary outcome) and outside of schools among fourth-grade students during August 8, 2006, through May 22, 2007. Twenty-two schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (1115 students) or control group (1376 students). Intervention schools received classroom sessions targeting sun protection attitudes and social norms. Each student attending an intervention school received two free wide-brimmed hats. Hat use at school was measured by direct observation and hat use outside of school was measured by self-report. A subgroup of 378 students (178 in the intervention group and 200 in the control group) underwent serial measurements of skin pigmentation to explore potential physiological effects of the intervention. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effect by accounting for the cluster randomized trial design. All P values were two-sided and were claimed as statistically significant at a level of .05.


RESULTS
The percentage of students observed wearing hats at control schools remained essentially unchanged during the school year (baseline = 2%, fall = 0%, and spring = 1%) but increased statistically significantly at intervention schools (baseline = 2%, fall = 30%, and spring = 41%) (P < .001 for intervention effect comparing the change in rate of hat use over time at intervention vs control schools). Self-reported use of hats outside of school did not change statistically significantly during the study (control: baseline = 14%, fall = 14%, and spring = 11%; intervention: baseline = 24%, fall = 24%, and spring = 23%) nor did measures of skin pigmentation.


CONCLUSIONS
The intervention increased use of hats among fourth-grade students at school but had no effect on self-reported wide-brimmed hat use outside of school or on measures of skin pigmentation.
Research on Architecture of Multimedia and Its Design Based on Android

Android is a widely anticipated open source operating system for mobile devices that provides a basic operating system, an application middleware layer, a Java software development kit (SDK), and a collection of system applications. Since the source code of Android was released to people, a large community of developers has organized around Android. This paper studies the open source project of FFmpeg and implements a file decoder. Then discusses the Android media player framework and repots the decoder libs to Android. At last, designs and implement an application.
On Lagrangian Relaxation of Quadratic Matrix Constraints

Quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QQPs) play an important modeling role for many diverse problems. These problems are in general NP hard and numerically intractable. Lagrangian relaxations often provide good approximate solutions to these hard problems. Such relaxations are equivalent to semidefinite programming relaxations. For several special cases of QQP, e.g., convex programs and trust region subproblems, the Lagrangian relaxation provides the exact optimal value, i.e., there is a zero duality gap. However, this is not true for the general QQP, or even the QQP with two convex constraints, but a nonconvex objective. In this paper we consider a certain QQP where the quadratic constraints correspond to the matrix orthogonality condition XXT = I. For this problem we show that the Lagrangian dual based on relaxing the constraints XXT = I and the seemingly redundant constraints XTX = I has a zero duality gap. This result has natural applications to quadratic assignment and graph partitioning problems, as well as the problem of minimizing the weighted sum of the largest eigenvalues of a matrix. We also show that the technique of relaxing quadratic matrix constraints can be used to obtain a strengthened semidefinite relaxation for the max-cut problem.
Embedding Words and Senses Together via Joint Knowledge-Enhanced Training

Word embeddings based on neural networks are widely used in Natural Language Processing. However, despite their success in capturing semantic information from massive corpora, word embeddings still conflate different meanings of a word into a single vectorial representation and do not benefit from information available in lexical resources. We address this issue by proposing a new model that jointly learns word and sense embeddings and represents them in a unified vector space by exploiting large corpora and knowledge obtained from semantic networks. We evaluate the main features of our approach qualitatively and quantitatively in various tasks, highlighting the advantages of the proposed method with respect to state-of-the-art wordand sense-
Arising applications of ferroelectric materials in photovoltaic devices

The ferroelectric-photovoltaic (FE-PV) device, in which a homogeneous ferroelectric material is used as a light absorbing layer, has been investigated during the past several decades with numerous ferroelectric oxides. The FE-PV effect is distinctly different from the typical photovoltaic (PV) effect in semiconductor p–n junctions in that the polarization electric field is the driving force for the photocurrent in FE-PV devices. In addition, the anomalous photovoltaic effect, in which the voltage output along the polarization direction can be significantly larger than the bandgap of the ferroelectric materials, has been frequently observed in FE-PV devices. However, a big challenge faced by the FE-PV devices is the very low photocurrent output. The research interest in FE-PV devices has been re-spurred by the recent discovery of above-bandgap photovoltage in materials with ferroelectric domain walls, electric switchable diodes and photovoltaic effects, tip-enhanced photovoltaic effects at the nanoscale, and new low-bandgap ferroelectric materials and device design. In this feature article, we reviewed the advance in understanding the mechanisms of the ferroelectric photovoltaic effects and recent progress in improving the photovoltaic device performance, including the emerging approaches of integrating the ferroelectric materials into organic heterojunction photovoltaic devices for very high efficiency PV devices.
Why do narcissists take more risks ? Testing the roles of perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors

0191-8869/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.008 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 251 460 6548. E-mail address: foster@usouthal.edu (J.D. Foster). 1 Narcissistic personality is best thought of as a dim (Foster & Campbell, 2007). We use the term ‘‘narciss matter of convenience to refer to individuals who sco measures of narcissism, such as a the NPI. Much prior research demonstrates that narcissists take more risks than others, but almost no research has examined what motivates this behavior. The present study tested two potential driving mechanisms of risk-taking by narcissists (i.e., heightened perceptions of benefits and diminished perceptions of risks stemming from risky behaviors) by administering survey measures of narcissism and risk-taking to a sample of 605 undergraduate college students. Contrary to what might be expected, the results suggest that narcissists appreciate the risks associated with risky behaviors just as much as do less narcissistic individuals. Their risk-taking appears to instead be fueled by heightened perceptions of benefits stemming from risky behaviors. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that narcissists engage in some forms of potentially problematic behaviors, such as risk-taking, because of a surplus of eagerness rather than a deficit of inhibition. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Novel Approaches in Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The HOPE-3 Trial Rationale, Design, and Participants' Baseline Characteristics.

BACKGROUND
Cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) can be effectively and safely lowered with statin drugs and BP-lowering drugs, reducing major cardiovascular (CV) events by 20%-30% within 5 years in high-risk individuals. However, there are limited data in lower-risk populations. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) trial is evaluating whether cholesterol lowering with a statin drug, BP lowering with low doses of 2 antihypertensive agents, and their combination safely reduce major CV events in individuals at intermediate risk who have had no previous vascular events and have average cholesterol and BP levels.


METHODS
A total of 12,705 women 65 years or older and men 55 years or older with at least 1 CV risk factor, no known CV disease, and without any clear indication or contraindication to the study drugs were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg/d or placebo and to candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 16/12.5 mg/d or placebo (2 × 2 factorial design) and will be followed for a mean of 5.8 years. The coprimary study outcomes are the composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke and the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, resuscitated cardiac arrest, heart failure, and arterial revascularization.


RESULTS
Participants were recruited from 21 countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Mean age at randomization was 66 years and 46% were women.


CONCLUSIONS
The HOPE-3 trial will provide new information on cholesterol and BP lowering in intermediate-risk populations with average cholesterol and BP levels and is expected to inform approaches to primary prevention worldwide (HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00468923).