LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Sharing in Academic Institutions : a Study of Multimedia University Malaysia

Recent developments have witnessed the emergence of a new economy where knowledge has become a valuable resource and asset. The dynamism of the new economy requires us to not only quickly create knowledge, but also to acquire and apply knowledge quickly. One possible way to do so is to share our knowledge effectively. Knowledge sharing is envisaged as a natural activity of the academic institutions as the number of seminars, conferences and publications by academics is far exceeding any other profession, signifying the eagerness of academics to share knowledge. However, instead of knowledge sharing, “knowledge hoarding” could be more prevalent in academic institutions. This paper examines knowledge sharing behavior among academics in a private university in Malaysia. Factors affecting the willingness to share knowledge, broadly classified as organizational, individual and technology factors, are examined. The overall findings revealed that incentive systems and personal expectation are the two key factors in driving academics to engage in knowledge sharing activity. “Forced” participation is not an effective policy in cultivating sharing behavior among academics. Keywords; knowledge sharing, knowledge management, higher education institution, sharer model
A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis

To simulate debris-flow behaviour from initiation to deposition, we derive a depth-averaged, twophase model that combines concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, grain-flow mechanics and fluid mechanics. The model’s balance equations describe coupled evolution of the solid volume fraction, m, basal pore-fluid pressure, flow thickness and two components of flow velocity. Basal friction is evaluated using a generalized Coulomb rule, and fluid motion is evaluated in a frame of reference that translates with the velocity of the granular phase, vs. Source terms in each of the depth-averaged balance equations account for the influence of the granular dilation rate, defined as the depth integral of ∇ · vs. Calculation of the dilation rate involves the effects of an elastic compressibility and an inelastic dilatancy angle proportional to m − meq, where meq is the value of m in equilibrium with the ambient stress state and flow rate. Normalization of the model equations shows that predicted debris-flow behaviour depends principally on the initial value of m − meq and on the ratio of two fundamental timescales. One of these timescales governs downslope debris-flow motion, and the other governs pore-pressure relaxation that modifies Coulomb friction and regulates evolution of m. A companion paper presents a suite of model predictions and tests.
Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Male and Female First Year College Students

This study examined the relationships among selfesteem, body image, and health-related behaviors of 267 female and 156 male first-year college students. Data were collected in 23 classrooms. Instruments included a demographic sheet, the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Weight and Appearance Visual Analogue Scales, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, and a measure of physical fitness/health-related behaviors. Self-esteem was consistently related to body image dissatisfaction for women, and women consistently exhibited a more negative body image than did men. Even when both men and women were consistent exercisers, the women had poorer body image. Finally, for both men and women, more positive physical fitness/health-related behaviors were positively related to self-esteem and body image.
Japanese Sentence Compression with a Large Training Dataset

In English, high-quality sentence compression models by deleting words have been trained on automatically created large training datasets. We work on Japanese sentence compression by a similar approach. To create a large Japanese training dataset, a method of creating English training dataset is modified based on the characteristics of the Japanese language. The created dataset is used to train Japanese sentence compression models based on the recurrent neural network.
Too Much Competition in Higher Education?: Some Conceptual Remarks on the Excessive-Signaling Hypothesis

Within the economics of higher education, there is a small but influential literature that describes and analyzes the outcomes of competitive processes on markets for higher educational services. Colleges and universities in the United States currently invest a vast amount of resources in order to attract well-qualified students. Costly activities like advertising, infrastructure investments, the recruitment of academic stars, or the granting of merit-based tuition discounts can be interpreted as different forms of "market signaling" in the sense of Spence. According to some social science authors, these signaling activities have reached a dimension that has to be classified as excessive or socially wasteful from a welfare-economic viewpoint. The present article makes some conceptual remarks on this excessive-signaling hypothesis, and intends to contribute to the debate about the (potentially) harmful and beneficial effects of competition in higher education. Copyright © 2009 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..
The Next 700 BFT Protocols

We present Abstract (ABortable STate mAChine replicaTion), a new abstraction for designing and reconfiguring generalized replicated state machines that are, unlike traditional state machines, allowed to abort executing a client’s request if “something goes wrong.”
 Abstract can be used to considerably simplify the incremental development of efficient Byzantine fault-tolerant state machine replication (BFT) protocols that are notorious for being difficult to develop. In short, we treat a BFT protocol as a composition of Abstract instances. Each instance is developed and analyzed independently and optimized for specific system conditions. We illustrate the power of Abstract through several interesting examples.
 We first show how Abstract can yield benefits of a state-of-the-art BFT protocol in a less painful and error-prone manner. Namely, we develop AZyzzyva, a new protocol that mimics the celebrated best-case behavior of Zyzzyva using less than 35% of the Zyzzyva code. To cover worst-case situations, our abstraction enables one to use in AZyzzyva any existing BFT protocol.
 We then present Aliph, a new BFT protocol that outperforms previous BFT protocols in terms of both latency (by up to 360%) and throughput (by up to 30%). Finally, we present R-Aliph, an implementation of Aliph that is robust, that is, whose performance degrades gracefully in the presence of Byzantine replicas and Byzantine clients.
Clinical-diffusion mismatch and benefit from thrombolysis 3 to 6 hours after acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The clinical-diffusion mismatch (CDM) model has been proposed as a simpler tool than perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM) to select acute ischemic stroke patients for thrombolytic therapy. We hypothesized that in the 3- to 6-hour time window, the effect of tPA was significantly greater in patients with CDM than in patients without CDM.


METHODS
This is a substudy of EPITHET, a double-blind multi-center study of 100 patients randomized to tPA or placebo 3 to 6 hours after stroke onset. MRI was obtained before treatment, and at 3 to 5 days and 90 days after treatment. Presence of PDM (perfusion deficit/DWI(volume) >1.2 and perfusion deficit at least 10 mL>DWI(volume)) and CDM (NIHSS >or=8 and DWI(volume) <or=25 mL) was determined for each patient. We assessed lesion growth and neurological improvement (decrease in NIHSS >or=8 points between baseline and 90 days, or a 90-day NIHSS <or=1).


RESULTS
86% of the patients had PDM, but only 41% had CDM. CDM detected PDM with a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 86%. We found statistically significant effects of reperfusion on the rate of neurological improvement (OR 9.92, 95% CI 1.91 to 51.64; P<0.01) and on absolute growth (difference: -59.60 mL, 95% CI -95.40 mL to -23.81 mL; P<0.01). Neither treatment with tPA nor reperfusion had a significantly different impact on lesion growth or clinical course in CDM patients compared to patients without CDM.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no increased benefit from tPA in patients with CDM. The beneficial effects of reperfusion were similar in patients with and without CDM.
Risk of diabetes mellitus associated with atypical antipsychotic use among patients with bipolar disorder: A retrospective, population-based, case-control study.

BACKGROUND
Drug-induced diabetes onset has not been adequately quantified in patients with bipolar disorder, although atypical antipsychotics have been widely used as new mood stabilizers.


OBJECTIVES
To quantify the association between atypical antipsychotics and diabetes mellitus.


METHOD
A retrospective, population-based, case-control study was conducted using the medical claims database from U.S. managed care organizations from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2002. Nine hundred twenty incident cases of diabetes were matched with 5258 controls by age, sex, and bipolar index month and year. Diabetes cases were identified by either diagnosis of ICD-9 codes or diabetic medications. Patients with diabetes had a minimum 3-month exposure to any medications or at least 3 prescriptions for their bipolar or comorbidity treatment. Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to assess the risk of diabetes associated with antipsychotic use.


RESULTS
Of 920 cases, 41% received atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, clozapine) and 34% received conventional antipsychotics. Compared to patients receiving conventional antipsychotics, the risk of diabetes was greatest among patients taking clozapine (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7 to 28.9), risperidone (HR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.8 to 4.2), olanzapine (HR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.7 to 3.8), and quetiapine (HR = 1.8, 95% CI =1.4 to 2.4), with controlling covariates of age; sex; duration of follow-up; use of lithium, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, or concomitant drugs; and psychiatric and medical comorbidities.


CONCLUSION
Development or exacerbation of diabetes mellitus is associated with antipsychotic use in bipolar patients. Metabolic complications are a major issue in patients receiving antipsychotic therapy. Thus, the propensity of an antipsychotic to induce diabetes should be a consideration when selecting an agent for patients with bipolar disorder.
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: absence of LEMD3 mutation in an affected family.

BACKGROUND
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), an autosomal dominant disorder, features small, acquired, asymptomatic, symmetrical foci of osteosclerosis detected radiographically in epimetaphyseal bone (osteopoikilosis) (OPK) together with connective tissue nevi or juvenile elastomas. Heterozygous, loss-of-function, germline mutation in the LEMD3 gene (which encodes an inner nuclear membrane protein called LEMD3, or MAN1) has been repeatedly documented in patients with BOS or OPK.


OBSERVATIONS
We describe a father and son with multiple yellowish papules and nodules coalescing into cobblestone nevoid plaques consistent with nevus elasticus. Radiographs of the father show multiple, small, bone islands within the hands, wrists, distal femurs, proximal tibias, and left distal fibula consistent with OPK. Although the clinical findings are diagnostic of Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome, analysis of the LEMD3 gene showed no exonic mutations.


CONCLUSION
Absence of LEMD3 mutation in the exons and splice sites of a family with BOS suggests that there is genetic heterogeneity for this disorder.
Gradient Descent Converges to Minimizers

We show that gradient descent converges to a local minimizer , almost surely with random initialization. This is proved by applying the Stable Manifold Theorem from dynamical systems theory.
Viewing relational aggression through multiple lenses: temperament, personality, and personality pathology.

Dispositional trait frameworks offer great potential to elucidate the nature and development of psychopathology, including the construct of relational aggression. The present study sought to explore the dispositional context of relational aggression across three dispositional frameworks: temperament, personality, and personality pathology. Participants comprised a large community sample of youth, aged 6 to 18 years (N = 1,188; 51.2% female). Ratings of children's relational aggression, temperament, personality, and personality pathology traits were obtained through parent report (86.3% mothers). Results showed convergence and divergence across these three dispositional frameworks. Like other antisocial behavior subtypes, relational aggression generally showed connections with traits reflecting negative emotionality and poor self-regulation. Relational aggression showed stronger connections with temperament traits than with personality traits, suggesting that temperament frameworks may capture more relationally aggressive content. Findings at the lower order trait level help differentiate relational aggression from other externalizing problems by providing a more nuanced perspective (e.g., both sociability and shyness positively predicted relational aggression). In addition, there was little evidence of moderation of these associations by gender, age, or age2, and findings remained robust even after controlling for physical aggression. Results are discussed in the broader context of conceptualizing relational aggression in an overarching personality-psychopathology framework.
The Social Context of Economic Decisions

The invention is a multiple interconnected network of intelligent message-repeating remote nodes which employs a remote node polling process performed by a master node by transmitting a polling message generically addressed to all remote nodes associated with the master node. Each remote node responds upon receipt of the generically addressed polling message by transmitting a poll-answering informational message and by relaying the polling message to other adjacent remote nodes.
Examining the Impact of Interorganizational Systems on Process Efficiency and Sourcing Leverage in Buyer-Supplier Dyads

Manufacturing firms are increasingly seeking cost and other competitive advantages by tightly coupling and managing their relationship with suppliers. Among other mechanisms, interorganizational systems (IOS) that facilitate boundary-spanning activities of a firm enable them to effectively manage different types of buyer–supplier relationships. This study integrates literature from the operations and information systems fields to create a joint perspective in understanding the linkages between the nature of the IOS, buyer–supplier relationships, and manufacturing performance at the dyadic level. External integration, breadth, and initiation are used to capture IOS functionality, and their effect on process efficiency and sourcing leverage is examined. The study also explores the differences in how manufacturing firms use IOS when operating under varying levels of competitive intensity and product standardization. In order to test the research models and related hypothesis, empirical data on buyer–supplier dyads is collected from manufacturing firms. The results show that only higher levels of external integration that go beyond simple procurement systems, as well as who initiates the IOS, allow manufacturing firms to enhance process efficiency. In contrast, IOS breadth and IOS initiation enable manufacturing firms to enhance sourcing leverage over their suppliers. In addition, firms making standardized products in highly competitive environments tend to achieve higher process efficiencies and have higher levels of external integration. The study shows how specific IOS decisions allow manufacturing firms to better manage their dependence on the supplier for resources and thereby select system functionalities that are consistent with their own operating environments and the desired supply chain
Clinical pattern and spectrum of endometrial pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in Pakistan: need to adopt a more conservative approach to treatment

BACKGROUND
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems and has remained one of the most frequent indications for hysterectomy in developing countries. Approximately in 40% of hysterectomy specimens, no definite organic pathology could be established. The problem is common worldwide but causes may vary from one region to another. This study may help gynecologists in our population to improve their therapeutic strategies by promoting minimally invasive uterus sparing modalities such as endometrial ablation and hysteroscopic resection of early proliferative lesions.


METHODS
It was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted at Liaquat National Hospital from 15(th) January 2010 till 14(th) July 2011 over a period of 18 months. Women who underwent dilatation and curettage for endometrial sampling with complaints of AUB were included in the study and histopathologic spectrum was determined.


RESULTS
Polymenorrhea was the most common presenting pattern (30%, 72/241) with reproductive age women being the most susceptible (49.3%,119/241). The commonest histopathological spectrum was normal menstrual pattern (34%, 82/241) and the commonest pathology was hormonal imbalance (27%, 65/241), followed by endometrial polyp (14%, 34/241), chronic endometritis (12%, 28/241), atrophic endometrium (6%, 15/241), endometrial hyperplasia (5%, 12/241), and endometrial carcinoma (2%, 5/241). Chronic endometritis was commonly seen in reproductive age (18%, 21/119); hormonal imbalance (45%, 35/77) and endometrial hyperplasia (6.5%, 5/77) in perimenopausal age; endometrial polyp (35.5%, 16/45) and endometrial carcinoma (9%, 4/45) in postmenopausal age.


CONCLUSION
Frequency of benign endometrial pathology is quite high in AUB, 236 participants (98%, 236/241). Histopathological spectrum in patients with AUB is quite variable with respect to age. The most common pattern of AUB was polymenorrhea. The most common pathology was hormonal imbalance. It is suggested that age was associated with more progressive lesions found in peri and postmenopausal age group such as endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Yet endometrial polyp was the most common pathology found in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the management strategy should be individualized, as in most cases a restrictive approach is appropriate in order to avoid unnecessary hysterectomies.
Test Economics - What can a Board/System Test Engineer do to Influence Supply Operation Metrics

The outsourcing of manufacturing to low cost regions has significantly changed product cost models. The impact of test may be much more difficult to determine in lower cost regions. This paper presents some background on product cost models and the effect that outsourcing has on these cost models. In light of these affect the concept of return on investment for "test enhancements" is discussed. The paper provides examples of how test enhancements can generate both positive and negative ROI. The paper concludes by presenting ideas on how test engineers can influence product costs, in both a positive and negative way. The reader should note that these examples use hypothetical data based on quotes received over the last several years from contract manufacturers. The intent of these examples is to illustrate the concepts presented
Quantum cryptography: A survey

We survey some results in quantum cryptography. After a brief introduction to classical cryptography, we provide the quantum-mechanical background needed to present some fundamental protocols from quantum cryptography. In particular, we review quantum key distribution via the BB84 protocol and its security proof, as well as the related quantum bit commitment protocol and its proof of insecurity.
The arrector pili muscle and the follicular unit of the scalp: a microscopic anatomy study.

BACKGROUND
The arrector pili muscle is a smooth muscle bundle that attaches to the bulge region of the follicle and extends to its superior attachment in the upper dermis. Hair follicles in the scalp are grouped, forming well-defined anatomic structures known as follicular units, which are composed of terminal and vellus hairs, the associated sebaceous glands, and the arrector pili muscles.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the microscopic anatomy of the arrector pili muscles in relation to the follicular units, using horizontal sections of scalp skin.


METHODS
Normal scalp skin was obtained from 20 adult cadavers. Tissue specimens were horizontally sectioned at all levels of depth, including the infundibulum, isthmus, and inferior segment. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome.


RESULTS
The distribution of hair follicles in follicular units was only present above the insertions of the arrector pili muscles, at the infundibulum and isthmus. Masson's trichrome proved to be a very useful stain to delineate the follicular units. At the isthmus level, bulky cords of arrector pili muscle were located specifically at one pole of the follicular unit. These bulky cords appeared to be located at the same pole in different follicular units.


CONCLUSION
At the isthmus level, above their follicular attachments, the arrector pili muscles that originate from their respective follicles join together, forming a single muscular structure that extends upward to its superior attachment zone. An anatomic model is proposed in which a single arrector pili muscular structure is shared by all the follicles contained within the follicular unit.
Inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning in autism spectrum disorders with and without comorbid ADHD-symptoms

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have not paid a great deal of attention to comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in autistic children even though it is well known that almost half of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare executive functioning (EF) profiles in children with ADHD and in children with ASD with and without comorbid ADHD.


METHODS
Children aged 6 to 18 years old with ADHD (n = 20) or ASD (High-Functioning autism or Asperger syndrome) with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) comorbid ADHD and a typically developing group (n = 20) were compared on a battery of EF tasks comprising inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning tasks. A MANOVA, effect sizes as well as correlations between ADHD-symptomatology and EF performance were calculated. Age- and IQ-corrected z scores were used.


RESULTS
There was a significant effect for the factor group (F = 1.55; dF = 42; p = .02). Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between the ADHD and the TD group on the inhibition task for false alarms (p = .01) and between the ADHD group, the ASD+ group (p = .03), the ASD- group (p = .02) and the TD group (p = .01) for omissions. Effect sizes showed clear deficits of ADHD children in inhibition and working memory tasks. Participants with ASD were impaired in planning and flexibility abilities. The ASD+ group showed compared to the ASD- group more problems in inhibitory performance but not in the working memory task.


CONCLUSION
Our findings replicate previous results reporting impairment of ADHD children in inhibition and working memory tasks and of ASD children in planning and flexibility abilities. The ASD + group showed similarities to the ADHD group with regard to inhibitory but not to working memory deficits. Nevertheless the heterogeneity of these and previous results shows that EF assessment is not useful for differential diagnosis between ADHD and ASD. It might be useful for evaluating strengths and weaknesses in individual children.