LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Hydrolyzed casein and whey protein meals comparably stimulate net whole-body protein synthesis in COPD patients with nutritional depletion without an additional effect of leucine co-ingestion.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Muscle wasting commonly occurs in COPD, negatively affecting outcome. The aim was to examine the net whole-body protein synthesis response to two milk protein meals with comparable absorption rates (hydrolyzed casein (hCAS) vs. hydrolyzed whey (hWHEY)) and the effects of co-ingesting leucine.


METHODS
Twelve COPD patients (GOLD stage II-IV) with nutritional depletion, were studied following intake of a 15 g hCAS or hWHEY protein meal with or without leucine-co-ingestion, according to a double-blind randomized cross-over design. The isotopic tracers L-[ring-(2)H5]-Phenylalanine, L-[ring-(2)H2]-Tyrosine, L-[(2)H3]-3-Methylhistidine (given via continuous intravenous infusion), and L-[(15)N]-Phenylalanine (added to the protein meals) were used to measure endogenous whole-body protein breakdown (WbPB), whole-body protein synthesis (WbPS), net protein synthesis (NetPS), splanchnic extraction and myofibrillar protein breakdown (MPB). Analyses were done in arterialized-venous plasma by LC/MS/MS.


RESULTS
WbPS was greater after intake of the hCAS protein meal (P < 0.05) whereas the hWHEY protein meal reduced WbPB more (P < 0.01). NetPS was stimulated comparably, with a protein conversion rate greater than 70%. Addition of leucine did not modify the insulin, WbPB, WbPS or MPB response.


CONCLUSIONS
Hydrolyzed casein and whey protein meals comparably and efficiently stimulate whole-body protein anabolism in COPD patients with nutritional depletion without an additional effect of leucine co-ingestion. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01154400.
Mass circumcision with a novel plastic clamp technique.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mass circumcision performed using a plastic clamp.


METHODS
A total of 2013 males, including infants, children, adolescents, and adults were circumcised during a 7-day period by using a plastic clamp technique. Complications were analyzed retrospectively in regard to 4 different age groups. Postcircumcision sexual function and satisfaction rates of the adult males were also surveyed.


RESULTS
The mean duration of circumcision was 3.6±1.2 minutes. Twenty-six males who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study. The total complication rate was found to be 2.47% among the remaining 1987 males, with a mean age of 7.8±2.5 years. The highest complication rate (2.93%) was encountered among the children<2 years age, which was because of the high rate of buried penis (0.98%) and excessive foreskin (0.98%) observed in this group. The complication rates of older children, adolescents, and adults were slightly lower than the children<2 years age, at 2.39%, 2.51%, and 2.40%, respectively. Excessive foreskin (0.7%) was the most common complication observed after mass circumcision. Bleeding (0.6%), infection (0.55%), wound dehiscence (0.25%), buried penis (0.25%), and urine retention (0.1%) were other encountered complications. The erectile function and sexual libido in adolescents and adults was not affected by circumcision and a 96% satisfaction rate was obtained.


CONCLUSIONS
Mass circumcision performed by a plastic clamp technique was found to be a safe and time-saving method of circumcising a large number of males at any age.
Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in Canada.

CONTEXT
Between March and July 2009, the largest number of confirmed cases of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection occurred in North America.


OBJECTIVE
To describe characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of critically ill patients in Canada with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
A prospective observational study of 168 critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in 38 adult and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in Canada between April 16 and August 12, 2009.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome measures were 28-day and 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included frequency and duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of ICU stay.


RESULTS
Critical illness occurred in 215 patients with confirmed (n = 162), probable (n = 6), or suspected (n = 47) community-acquired 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection. Among the 168 patients with confirmed or probable 2009 influenza A(H1N1), the mean (SD) age was 32.3 (21.4) years; 113 were female (67.3%) and 50 were children (29.8%). Overall mortality among critically ill patients at 28 days was 14.3% (95% confidence interval, 9.5%-20.7%). There were 43 patients who were aboriginal Canadians (25.6%). The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2-7 days) and from hospitalization to ICU admission was 1 day (IQR, 0-2 days). Shock and nonpulmonary acute organ dysfunction was common (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment mean [SD] score of 6.8 [3.6] on day 1). Neuraminidase inhibitors were administered to 152 patients (90.5%). All patients were severely hypoxemic (mean [SD] ratio of Pao(2) to fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio(2)] of 147 [128] mm Hg) at ICU admission. Mechanical ventilation was received by 136 patients (81.0%). The median duration of ventilation was 12 days (IQR, 6-20 days) and ICU stay was 12 days (IQR, 5-20 days). Lung rescue therapies included neuromuscular blockade (28% of patients), inhaled nitric oxide (13.7%), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (11.9%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (4.2%), and prone positioning ventilation (3.0%). Overall mortality among critically ill patients at 90 days was 17.3% (95% confidence interval, 12.0%-24.0%; n = 29).


CONCLUSION
Critical illness due to 2009 influenza A(H1N1) in Canada occurred rapidly after hospital admission, often in young adults, and was associated with severe hypoxemia, multisystem organ failure, a requirement for prolonged mechanical ventilation, and the frequent use of rescue therapies.
Something in the way she moves: a fresh look at an old gap

Most studies of the gender pay gap use cross-section earnings functions to apply a Oaxaca decomposition into the contributions of differences in characteristics and coefficients. But the accounts that these studies provide of the gender pay gap are often hard to relate to more informal stories told about the sources of women’s disadvantage in the labour market. In this paper we show how one can use a minimal amount of panel data to decompose average earnings into the contribution of the average starting wage for workers entering paid work from non-employment, average wage growth for those in continuous employment and the fraction of workers entering employment. We use this decomposition to try to identify the source of the pay gap between men and women and the gap between full-time and part-time women using data drawn from the British Household Panel Survey. Comparing men and women we find no significant differences in wage growth whilst in continuous employment so that the source of the gender pay gap comes from the entrant pay gap and the share of entrants. Looking at longer-run changes suggests that we would expect to see a further narrowing of the gap. Comparing fulland part-time women there is no difference in entry pay shares and little difference in wage growth so that the bulk of the differential can be explained in terms of the fact that part-time women are much more likely to be entrants. This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Industrial Relations Programme Something in the Way She Moves: A Fresh Look at an Old Gap Alan Manning and Helen Robinson
Using text animated transitions to support navigation in document histories

This article examines the benefits of using text animated transitions for navigating in the revision history of textual documents. We propose an animation technique for smoothly transitioning between different text revisions, then present the Diffamation system. Diffamation supports rapid exploration of revision histories by combining text animated transitions with simple navigation and visualization tools. We finally describe a user study showing that smooth text animation allows users to track changes in the evolution of textual documents more effectively than flipping pages.
Interactive recommender systems: A survey of the state of the art and future research challenges and opportunities

Recommender systems have been researched extensively over the past decades. Whereas several algorithms have been developed and deployed in various application domains, recent research effort s are increasingly oriented towards the user experience of recommender systems. This research goes beyond accuracy of recommendation algorithms and focuses on various human factors that affect acceptance of recommendations, such as user satisfaction, trust, transparency and sense of control. In this paper, we present an interactive visualization framework that combines recommendation with visualization techniques to support human-recommender interaction. Then, we analyze existing interactive recommender systems along the dimensions of our framework, including our work. Based on our survey results, we present future research challenges and opportunities. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A systematic review of machine learning techniques for software fault prediction

Background: Software fault prediction is the process of developing models that can be used by the software practitioners in the early phases of software development life cycle for detecting faulty constructs such as modules or classes. There are various machine learning techniques used in the past for predicting faults. Method: In this study we perform a systematic review studies from January 1991 to October 2013 in the literature that use the machine learning techniques for software fault prediction. We assess the performance capability of the machine learning techniques in existing research for software fault prediction. We also compare the performance of the machine learning techniques with the
4-Space Dirac Theory and LENR

A 4-space Dirac theory, which gives the same transition energies as the standard model, predicts specific distributions of virtual electrons and positrons accompanying bound electrons. If potential barriers are viewed stochastically, it seems possible that this has implications for LENR. © 2009 ISCMNS. All rights reserved.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis

BACKGROUND
Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that an increased intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids protects against mortality from coronary artery disease. We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term use of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is effective for prevention of major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients in Japan who consume a large amount of fish.


METHODS
18 645 patients with a total cholesterol of 6.5 mmol/L or greater were recruited from local physicians throughout Japan between 1996 and 1999. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg of EPA daily with statin (EPA group; n=9326) or statin only (controls; n=9319) with a 5-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was any major coronary event, including sudden cardiac death, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, and other non-fatal events including unstable angina pectoris, angioplasty, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00231738.


FINDINGS
At mean follow-up of 4.6 years, we detected the primary endpoint in 262 (2.8%) patients in the EPA group and 324 (3.5%) in controls-a 19% relative reduction in major coronary events (p=0.011). Post-treatment LDL cholesterol concentrations decreased 25%, from 4.7 mmol/L in both groups. Serum LDL cholesterol was not a significant factor in a reduction of risk for major coronary events. Unstable angina and non-fatal coronary events were also significantly reduced in the EPA group. Sudden cardiac death and coronary death did not differ between groups. In patients with a history of coronary artery disease who were given EPA treatment, major coronary events were reduced by 19% (secondary prevention subgroup: 158 [8.7%] in the EPA group vs 197 [10.7%] in the control group; p=0.048). In patients with no history of coronary artery disease, EPA treatment reduced major coronary events by 18%, but this finding was not significant (104 [1.4%] in the EPA group vs 127 [1.7%] in the control group; p=0.132).


INTERPRETATION
EPA is a promising treatment for prevention of major coronary events, and especially non-fatal coronary events, in Japanese hypercholesterolaemic patients.
Abciximab in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel loading: a randomized double-blind trial.

BACKGROUND
The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor abciximab has improved the efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, it is not known whether abciximab remains beneficial after adequate clopidogrel loading in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 800 patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction within 24 hours from symptom onset, all treated with 600 mg clopidogrel, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive either abciximab (n=401) or placebo (n=399) in the intensive care unit before being sent to the catheterization laboratory. The primary end point, infarct size measured by single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m sestamibi before hospital discharge, was 15.7+/-17.2% (mean+/-SD) of the left ventricle in the abciximab group and 16.6+/-18.6% of the left ventricle in the placebo group (P=0.47). At 30 days, the composite of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or urgent revascularization of the infarct-related artery was observed in 20 patients in the abciximab group (5.0%) and 15 patients in the placebo group (3.8%) (relative risk, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.6; P=0.40). Major bleeding complications were observed in 7 patients in each group (1.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
Upstream administration of abciximab is not associated with a reduction in infarct size in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours of symptom onset and receiving 600 mg clopidogrel.
Definitive Radiotherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx.

BACKGROUND
Depending on the extent of disease, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the glottis is managed with surgery, radiotherapy (RT), or a combination of these modalities. Patients with advanced disease may receive concomitant chemotherapy in conjunction with definitive or postoperative RT.


METHODS
The treatment policies of the University of Florida and patient outcomes are reviewed.


RESULTS
The likelihood of cure after RT for carcinoma in situ (Tis) to T2 glottic SCC varies from 70% to 94% depending on tumor stage. Consideration should be given to adding weekly cisplatin for patients with T2b SCC because of the high local recurrence rate after RT alone. The probability of cure is about 65% to 80% for select low-volume (≤ 3.5 cc) T3 to T4 glottic SCC after RT. These patients should be considered for concomitant weekly cisplatin. Higher-volume tumors, particularly those with airway compromise, should be treated with laryngectomy and postoperative RT.


CONCLUSION
Definitive RT is an excellent treatment for select patients with laryngeal cancer.
New compact OMT based on a septum solution

This paper presents a new compact orthomode transducer (OMT) able to extract or combine two orthogonal linear polarizations in a very compact manner with simple manufacturing process. The component looks similar to the well-known septum polarizer but contrary to this one, the new component is able to handle dual linear polarization.
Simultaneous optimization of material removal rate and surface roughness for WEDM of WC-Co composite using grey relational analysis along with Taguchi method

Article history: Received 20 January 2011 Received in revised form April, 20, 2011 Accepted 20 April 2011 Available online 24 April 2011 In this paper, wire electrical discharge machining of WC-Co composite is studied. Influence of taper angle, peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, wire tension and dielectric flow rate are investigated for material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) during intricate machining of a carbide block. In order to optimize MRR and SR simultaneously, grey relational analysis (GRA) is employed along with Taguchi method. Through GRA, grey relational grade is used as a performance index to determine the optimal setting of process parameters for multiple machining characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the taper angle and pulse-on time are the most significant parameters affecting the multiple machining characteristics. Confirmatory results, proves the potential of GRA to optimize process parameters successfully for multi-machining characteristics. © 2011 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Iris: an architecture for cognitive radio networking testbeds

Iris is a software architecture for building highly reconfigurable radio networks. It has formed the basis for a wide range of dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio demonstration systems presented at a number of international conferences between 2007 and 2010. These systems have been developed using heterogeneous processing platforms including general-purpose processors, field-programmable gate arrays and the Cell Broadband Engine. Focusing on runtime reconfiguration, Iris offers support for all layers of the network stack and provides a platform for the development of not only reconfigurable point-to-point radio links but complete networks of cognitive radios. This article provides an overview of Iris, presenting the unique features of the architecture and illustrating how it can be used to develop a cognitive radio testbed.
mmWave phased-array with hemispheric coverage for 5th generation cellular handsets

A first-of-the-kind 28 GHz antenna solution for the upcoming 5th generation cellular communication is presented in detail. Extensive measurements and simulations ascertain the proposed 28 GHz antenna solution to be highly effective for cellular handsets operating in realistic propagating environments.
Increased cardiovascular risk of treated white coat and masked hypertension in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the HONEST Study

The prognostic implications of treated white coat hypertension (WCH) and masked hypertension (MH) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not well documented. Using data from the HONEST study (n=21 591), we investigated the relationships between morning home systolic blood pressure (MHSBP) or clinic systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and cardiovascular (CV) risk in hypertensive patients with and without DM or CKD receiving olmesartan-based antihypertensive therapy. The study included 4426 DM patients and 4346 CKD patients at baseline who had 101 and 87 major CV events, respectively, during the follow-up. Compared with well-controlled non-DM patients (MHSBP <135 mm Hg; CSBP <140 mm Hg), DM patients with WCH (MHSBP <135 mm Hg; CSBP ⩾140 mm Hg), MH (MHSBP ⩾135 mm Hg; CSBP <140 mm Hg) or poorly controlled hypertension (PCH) (MHSBP ⩾135 mm Hg; CSBP ⩾140 mm Hg) had significantly higher CV risk (hazard ratio (HR), 2.73, 2.77 and 2.81, respectively). CV risk was also significantly increased in CKD patients with WCH, MH and PCH (HR, 2.14, 1.70 and 2.20, respectively) compared with well-controlled non-CKD patients. Furthermore, DM patients had significantly higher incidence rate than non-DM patients of MHSBP ⩾125 to <135 mm Hg (HR, 1.98) and ⩾135 to <145 mm Hg (HR, 2.41). In conclusion, both WCH and MH are associated with increased CV risk, and thus control of both MHSBP and CSBP is important to reduce CV risk in DM or CKD patients. The results also suggest that even lower MHSBP (<125 mm Hg) may be beneficial for DM patients, although this conclusion is limited by the small number of patients.
Piezoelectric single crystal ultrasonic transducers for biomedical applications

Piezoelectric single crystals, which have excellent piezoelectric properties, have extensively been employed for various sensors and actuators applications. In this paper, the state-of-art in piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducer applications is reviewed. Firstly, the basic principles and design considerations of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers will be addressed. Then, the popular piezoelectric single crystals used for ultrasonic transducer applications, including LiNbO3 (LN), PMN–PT and PIN– PMN–PT, will be introduced. After describing the preparation and performance of the single crystals, the recent development of both the single-element and array transducers fabricated using the single crystals will be presented. Finally, various biomedical applications including eye imaging, intravascular imaging, blood flow measurement, photoacoustic imaging and microbeam applications of the single crystal transducers will be discussed. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Neck Pain Driving Index (NPDI) for chronic whiplash-associated disorders: development, reliability, and validity assessment.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Driving is a functional complaint of many individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). Current driving scales do not include the most troublesome driving tasks for this group, which suggests that a new tool is required to assess perceived driving difficulty in this population.


PURPOSE
To develop a Neck Pain Driving Index (NPDI) to assess the degree of perceived driving difficulty for individuals with chronic WAD and evaluate the reliability and validity of the NPDI.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive/survey.


PATIENT SAMPLE
An external panel of 15 researchers/clinicians and 87 participants with chronic WAD.


OUTCOME MEASURES
The NPDI and a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS) of perceived driving difficulty (0, no difficulty and 10, maximum difficulty).


METHODS
Phase 1 included the construction of a preliminary NPDI and content validity assessment of question items by a 15-member external panel. Comprehension was evaluated by seven participants with chronic WAD. In Phase 2, the final version of the NPDI was developed via descriptive analysis and assessment of internal consistency using responses of 87 participants with chronic WAD. Subsequently, the convergent validity was assessed using NRS scores. Test-retest reliability at 1 month was investigated in 25 of the 87 participants. Psychometric properties of the driving tasks in the final NPDI were categorized by the external panel, based on the hierarchal Michon model of driving task performance levels. An additional symptom section was developed to better understand the reasons for driving difficulties.


RESULTS
The final NPDI included 12 driving tasks, which scored at least 80% on the content validity index (CVI), ensuring content validity. The NPDI demonstrated good internal consistency (α=0.80), convergent validity (ρ=0.51; p<.01), and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.73; p<.01). As a result of the assessment of psychometric properties, driving tasks were categorized into the strategic (n=3), tactical (n=7), and operational (n=2) levels in the Michon model. The content validity of 11 symptoms (CVI ≥80%) was established by the external panel.


CONCLUSIONS
The NPDI was developed to assess the degree of perceived driving difficulty in the chronic whiplash population. Reliability and validity of the NPDI were ensured. The NPDI can be the entry point for discussions on driving difficulties between clinicians and patients with chronic WAD.