LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Increased microbial translocation in ≤ 180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age.

BACKGROUND
The effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral treatment (ART) on plasma concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and host LPS-binding molecules in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants up to 1 year of age was investigated.


METHODS
We evaluated 54 perinatally HIV-infected and 22 HIV-exposed uninfected infants (controls) at the first and second semester of life. All HIV-infected infants had a baseline CD4 of ≥ 25%, participated in the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy trial in South Africa, and were randomized in the following groups: group 1 (n = 20), ART deferred until CD4 < 25% or severe HIV disease; and group 2 (n = 34), ART initiation within 6 to 12 weeks of age. LPS, endotoxin-core antibodies, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and LPS-binding protein (LBP) were measured in cryopreserved plasma. T-cell activation was measured in fresh whole blood.


RESULTS
At the first semester, LPS concentration was higher in HIV-infected infants than in controls; sCD14, LBP, and T-cell activation were higher in group 1 than in group 2 and controls. Although LPS was not correlated with study variables, viral load was positively associated with sCD14, LBP, or endotoxin-core antibodies. At the second semester, LPS was not detectable and elevated host LPS-control molecules values were sustained in all groups and in conjunction with ART in all HIV-infected infants.


CONCLUSIONS
Although plasma concentration of LPS was higher in perinatally HIV-infected infants 0 to 6 months of age than in controls independent of ART initiation strategy, concentration of LPS-control molecules was higher in infants with deferred ART, suggesting the presence of increased microbial translocation in HIV-infected infants with sustained early viral replication.
High Accuracy CMM Metrology for Micro Systems

The increasing use of micro systems in industry combined with an ever-increasing demand for higher measurement accuracy has led to ongoing developments in the field of dimensional metrology. Recently, several measuring machines suitable for measuring micro mechanical products have been introduced to the market. This article aims to give an overview of the state-of-the-art methods for these measurement tasks. Introduction Conventional measuring methods restrict the possibilities for three-dimensional measurements on micro products. Conventional Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) lack the required level of uncertainty, Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) lack the required range and optical methods are often not suitable for true three-dimensional measurements. Examples include the measurements of small holes (e.g. fuel injection nozzles), LIGA products, Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), etc. Some available products that are currently available are given in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Example products, from left to right: microturbine (MIT), array of needles (IMM Mainz), Pennymotor within bearing (Micromotion) and piezo-motor (Miniswys) The first section of this paper covers some of the available measuring machines suitable for measuring MEMS. Then some important issues with respect to probe design are discussed and some examples of available probe systems are given. Finally the calibration results and recent developments of the probe system, developed at the Eindhoven University of Technology, will be discussed. Coordinate Measuring Machines for Micro Products Generally speaking there are two ways to approach the measuring of micro products: bottom-up and top down. The top-down approach is done by improving conventional CMMs. These have excellent range, but lack the needed uncertainty for measuring micro products. The bottom-up approach aims at increasing the measurement range of nano-metrology devices, like the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). AFM and SPM measuring techniques are typically used for surface characterisation. For True 3D measurements it is often more advantageous to use a CMM. Several CMMs
Descending stairs locomotion and somatosensory control for an erect wheel-legged service robot

In this paper, an erect stair climbing robot, which has been able to ascend stairs, is further developed for descending stairs automatically. The somatosensory control functions are also implemented for a human rider to drive the robot on flat ground as a personal vehicle instinctively. In order to face front whether climbing up or down stairs, the robot is designed with proper mechanical structure and mass distribution. Moreover, the perception and control methods of descending stairs are modified from the methodologies of ascending stairs in our previous works so that the robot can handle both ascending and descending stairs effectively under similar principles. As for the somatosensory control part, the functions of controlling the robot to move back and forth using the rider's body motion is realized, which has more advantages than Segway PT since it can stand still when the rider wants the platform to stop moving, and the robot motion under the control of the human rider is stable enough for indoor applications. In the experiments, the stair-climbing abilities and somatosensory control functions are both successfully demonstrated, which proves that the design and implementation of the robot system are feasible and efficient. We are looking forward for more functions and applications of the robot, including our ultimate goal of carrying a human rider to climb stairs in an erect way with somatosensory control simultaneously.
High Fidelity Lighting of Knossos

We study fundamental companson problems on strings of characters, equipped with the usual lexicographical ordering. For each problem studied, we give a parallel algorithm that is optimal with respect to at least one criterion for which no optimal algorithm was previously known. Specifically, our main results are: • Two sorted sequences of strings, containing altogether n charaders, can be merged in O(logn) time using O(n) operations on an EREW PRAM. This is optimal as regards both the running time and the number of operations. • A sequence of strings, containing altogether n characters represented by integers of size polynomial in n, can be sorted in O(lognjloglogn) time using O(nloglogn) operations on a CReW PRAM. The running time is optimal for any polynomial number of processors. • The minimum string in a sequence of strings containing altogether n characters can be found using (expected) O(n) operations in constant expected time on a randomized CRCW PRAM, in O(loglogn) time on a deterministic CReW PRAM with a program depending on n, in O«loglogn)3) time on a deterministic eReW PRAM with a program not depending on n, in O(logn) expected time on a randomized EREW PRAM, and in O(log n log log n) time on a deterministic EREW PRAM. The number of operations is optimal, and the running time is optimal for the randomized algorithms and, if the number of processors is limited to n, for the nonuniform deterministic CRCW PRAM algorithm as wen.
Multivariate analysis of credit risk and bankruptcy research data: a bibliometric study involving different knowledge fields (1968–2014)

Bibliometrics are important evaluation tools to the scientific production. A bibliometric study was used to evaluate researches about credit risk and bankruptcy. Credit support technique studies on economic and social orders are relevant in this knowledge field. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to identify and describe the application of multivariate data analysis techniques to credit risk and bankruptcy scenarios. The herein presented data were collected in publications indexed to Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science database between 1968 and 2014. The results corroborate information in the literature and in previous bibliometric reviews, as well as highlight other indications regarding the construction and development of research fields. Since the 1990’s, the neural networks became relevant due to their increased use as study object in publications. However, both the discriminant analysis (J Finance 23(4):589–609, 1968. doi:10.2307/2978933) and the logistic regression (J Account Res 18(1):109–131, 1980. doi:10.2307/2490395) are still often used in researches, fact that shows the tendency to find articles using more than one technique or hybrid models, artificial intelligence techniques and complex computer systems. This field appears to be multidisciplinary in journals and Web Science databases involving the business and economy, operational research, management, mathematics, data processing, engineering and statistics fields. Another relevant discovery was the increased number of publications about this subject launched right after the 2008 crisis.
Haptic Interface for Hands-On Instruction in System Dynamics and Embedded Control

Haptic interface serves as an ideal context and platform for teaching both system dynamics and embedded control. At The University of Michigan, a traditional undergraduate mechanical engineering course in systems dynamics and a new undergraduate electrical engineering course in embedded control systems have been equipped with instructional modules based on two new single-axis haptic interface devices. The iTouch motor is a low-budget, single axis, voice-coil based haptic device intended for teaching system dynamics fundamentals. Students gain hands-on experience by assembling these motors from scratch, performing experiments, and comparing actual to theoretically predicted dynamic response. A second device called “The Box” features higher torque output and robustness for the embedded control systems course. Both device designs are presented and contrasted and results following from their introduction into the curriculum are discussed. The uses of these devices to rapidly prototype various research projects and integrate undergraduate students into a research program are also briefly discussed.
Experimental constraints on the generation and evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalts

Experimental petrology and major element chemistry are used to infer the melting processes that operate in the upper oceanic mantle to yield basaltic magma, and the subsequent cooling processes by which these magmas chill to form the oceanic crust. THE PRIMARY MAGMAS OF MID-OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS This paper reports experiments carried out between 9 and 16 kbar (0.9 1.6 GPa) using natural, primitive mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) compositions and synthetic analogs of MORB to investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and variable bulk chemistry on the composition of liquids multiply saturated with the minerals present in the upper oceanic mantle: olivine, orthopyroxene, augite and plagioclase or spinel. For this low-variance, 5-phase assemblage, expressions involving pressure, liquid NaK# (Na2 0+K 2 0)/(Na2 0+K 2 0+CaO), Mg# (Mg/[Mg+Fe 2 ]; total iron as Fe2+) and wt. % TiO 2 predict temperature and major element compositions of magmas produced by melting spinel and plagioclase lherzolites over the pressure range of 0.001 16 kbar. The expressions are derived using data from this experimental study and published experimental studies that report compositions of glasses coexisting with olivine, orthopyroxene, augite and plagioclase and/or spinel. A two-part quantitative framework for evaluating the systematics of MORB chemistry is presented: 1) for estimating melts from a depleted MORB-mantle source as a function of pressure and changing mantle composition, and 2) for evaluating the effects of fractional crystallization on these
Security Analysis of Cloud Computing

This paper produces a baseline security analysis of the Cloud Computing Operational Environment in terms of threats, vulnerabilities and impacts. An analysis is conducted and the top three threats are identified with recommendations for practitioners. The conclusion of the analysis is that the most serious threats are non-technical and can be solved via management processes rather than technical countermeasures.
Secure Proximity Detection for NFC Devices Based on Ambient Sensor Data

In certain applications, it is important for a remote server to securely determine whether or not two mobile devices are in close physical proximity. In particular, in the context of an NFC transaction, the bank server can validate the transaction if both the NFC phone and reader are precisely at the same location thereby preventing a form of a devastating relay attack against such systems. In this paper, we develop secure proximity detection techniques based on the information collected by ambient sensors available on NFC mobile phones, such as audio and light data. These techniques can work under the current payment infrastructure, and offer many advantages. First, they do not require the users to perform explicit actions, or make security decisions, during the transaction – just bringing the devices close to each other is sufficient. Second, being based on environmental attributes, they make it very hard, if not impossible, for the adversary to undermine the security of the system. Third, they provide a natural protection to users’ location privacy as the explicit location information is never transmitted to the server. Our experiments with the proposed techniques developed on off-the-shelf mobile phones indicate them to be quite effective in significantly raising the bar against known attacks, without affecting the NFC usage model. Although the focus of this work is on NFC phones, our approach will also be broadly applicable to RFID tags or related payment cards equipped with on-board audio or light sensors.
Gallstone ileus: CT findings

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of recurrent gallstone cholecystitis. The classic radiographic triad of small bowel obstruction, pneumobilia and ectopic gallstone on abdominal plain radiograph is described with CT imaging. Because of the better resolution of CT compared with abdominal radiography and its recent accession to emergency use, radiologists should be aware of CT findings of gallstone ileus, We report a case in which gallstone ileus was initially diagnosed by CT.
Polyphenols as dietary supplements: A double-edged sword

Correspondence: Keith r Martin Nutrition Program, Health Lifestyles research Center, College of Nursing and Health innovation, Arizona State University, 6950 east williams Field road Mesa, AZ 85212, USA Tel +1 480 727-1925 Fax +1 480 727-1064 email keith.r.martin@asu.edu Abstract: Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease, some forms of cancer, and neurodegeneration. Pro-oxidant-induced oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases and, as such, dietary antioxidants can quench and/or retard such processes. Dietary polyphenols, ie, phenolic acids and flavonoids, are a primary source of antioxidants for humans and are derived from plants including fruits, vegetables, spices, and herbs. Based on compelling evidence regarding the health effects of polyphenol-rich foods, new dietary supplements and polyphenol-rich foods are being developed for public use. Consumption of such products can increase dietary polyphenol intake and subsequently plasma concentrations beyond expected levels associated with dietary consumption and potentially confer additional health benefits. Furthermore, bioavailability can be modified to further increase absorption and ultimately plasma concentrations of polyphenols. However, the upper limit for plasma concentrations of polyphenols before the elaboration of adverse effects is unknown for many polyphenols. Moreover, a considerable amount of evidence is accumulating which supports the hypothesis that high-dose polyphenols can mechanistically cause adverse effects through pro-oxidative action. Thus, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements can potentially confer additional benefits but high-doses may elicit toxicity thereby establishing a double-edge sword in supplement use.
Older patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (≥65 years) profit more from higher imatinib doses than younger patients: a subanalysis of the randomized CML-Study IV

The impact of imatinib dose on response rates and survival in older patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase has not been studied well. We analyzed data from the German CML-Study IV, a randomized five-arm treatment optimization study in newly diagnosed BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Patients randomized to imatinib 400 mg/day (IM400) or imatinib 800 mg/day (IM800) and stratified according to age (≥65 years vs. <65 years) were compared regarding dose, response, adverse events, rates of progression, and survival. The full 800 mg dose was given after a 6-week run-in period with imatinib 400 mg/day. The dose could then be reduced according to tolerability. A total of 828 patients were randomized to IM400 or IM800. Seven hundred eighty-four patients were evaluable (IM400, 382; IM800, 402). One hundred ten patients (29 %) on IM400 and 83 (21 %) on IM800 were ≥65 years. The median dose per day was lower for patients ≥65 years on IM800, with the highest median dose in the first year (466 mg/day for patients ≥65 years vs. 630 mg/day for patients <65 years). Older patients on IM800 achieved major molecular remission and deep molecular remission as fast as younger patients, in contrast to standard dose imatinib with which older patients achieved remissions much later than younger patients. Grades 3 and 4 adverse events were similar in both age groups. Five-year relative survival for older patients was comparable to that of younger patients. We suggest that the optimal dose for older patients is higher than 400 mg/day. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00055874
Non-invasive Power Simulation at System-Level with SystemC

Due to the increasing algorithmic complexity of today’s embedded systems, consideration of extra-functional properties becomes more important. Extra-functional properties like timing, power consumption, and temperature need to be validated against given requirements on all abstraction levels. For timing and power consumption at RTand gate-level several techniques are available, but there is still a lack of methods and tools for power estimation and analyses at system and higher levels. In this paper we present an approach for non-invasive augmentation of functional SystemC TM TLM-2.0 components with power properties. The I/O behaviour of a TLM-2.0 component will be observed by a Protocol State Machine (PrSM) that generates trigger events to stimulate a Power State Machines (PSM). The PSM describes the component’s internal power states and transitions and transitions between them. Each component’s PSM is connected with a frequency and voltage dependent power model. We present first evaluation results of different IP components and compare our system-level power traces generation with state-of-the-art gate-level power simulations in terms of accuracy and simulation speed.
Cancer incidence among Asian American populations in the United States, 2009-2011.

Cancer incidence disparities exist among specific Asian American populations. However, the existing reports exclude data from large metropoles like Chicago, Houston and New York. Moreover, incidence rates by subgroup have been underestimated due to the exclusion of Asians with unknown subgroup. Cancer incidence data for 2009 to 2011 for eight states accounting for 68% of the Asian American population were analyzed. Race for cases with unknown subgroup was imputed using stratified proportion models by sex, age, cancer site and geographic regions. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for 17 cancer sites for the six largest Asian subgroups. Our analysis comprised 90,709 Asian and 1,327,727 non-Hispanic white cancer cases. Asian Americans had significantly lower overall cancer incidence rates than non-Hispanic whites (336.5 per 100,000 and 541.9 for men, 299.6 and 449.3 for women, respectively). Among specific Asian subgroups, Filipino men (377.4) and Japanese women (342.7) had the highest overall incidence rates while South Asian men (297.7) and Korean women (275.9) had the lowest. In comparison to non-Hispanic whites and other Asian subgroups, significantly higher risks were observed for colorectal cancer among Japanese, stomach cancer among Koreans, nasopharyngeal cancer among Chinese, thyroid cancer among Filipinos, and liver cancer among Vietnamese. South Asians had remarkably low lung cancer risk. Overall, Asian Americans have a lower cancer risk than non-Hispanic whites, except for nasopharyngeal, liver and stomach cancers. The unique portrayal of cancer incidence patterns among specific Asian subgroups in this study provides a new baseline for future cancer surveillance research and health policy.
Modelling and assessing ad hoc networks in disaster scenarios

Ad hoc networks have been proved to be suitable for disaster scenarios since any infrastructure needs to be deployed in order to establish a wireless network. Routing protocols play an important role in the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. Routing protocols are responsible for deciding how the information is going to move through the network. Although one paramount parameter of ad hoc networks is the mobility of nodes, little effort has been made to evaluate the performance of mobile ad hoc networks under mobility models where the movements of rescue teams during evacuating operations are modelled. The objective of this paper is to evaluate real case disaster scenarios in terms of performance using several well-known routing protocols metrics.
Patterns of Cortical Synchronization in Isolated Dystonia Compared With Parkinson Disease.

IMPORTANCE
Isolated dystonia and Parkinson disease (PD) are disorders of the basal gangliothalamocortical network. They have largely distinct clinical profiles, but both disorders respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the same subcortical targets using similar stimulation paradigms, suggesting pathophysiologic overlap. We hypothesized that, similar to PD, isolated dystonia is associated with elevated cortical neuronal synchronization.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the electrophysiologic characteristics of the sensorimotor cortex arm-related area using a temporary subdural electrode strip in patients with isolated dystonia and PD undergoing DBS implantation in the awake state.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
An observational study recruited patients scheduled for DBS at the University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data were collected from May 1, 2008, through April 1, 2015. Findings are reported for 22 patients with isolated cervical or segmental dystonia (8 with [DYST-ARM] and 14 without [DYST] arm symptoms) and 14 patients with akinetic rigid PD. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2014, through May 1, 2015.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Cortical local field potentials, power spectral density, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC).


RESULTS
Among our 3 groups that together included 36 patients, cortical PAC was present in primary motor and premotor arm-related areas for all groups, but the DYST group was less likely to exhibit increased PAC (P = .008). Similar to what has been shown for patients with PD, subthalamic DBS reversibly decreased PAC in a subset of patients with dystonia who were studied before and during intraoperative test stimulation (n = 4). At rest, broadband gamma (50-200 Hz) power in the primary motor cortex was greater in the DYST-ARM and PD groups compared with the DYST group, whereas alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) power was comparable in all 3 groups. During movement, the DYST-ARM group had impaired beta and low gamma desynchronization in the primary motor cortex.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Isolated dystonia and PD have physiologic overlap with respect to high levels of motor cortex synchronization and reduction of cortical synchronization by subthalamic DBS, providing an explanation for their similar therapeutic response to basal ganglia stimulation.