LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Shock efficacy of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for prevention of sudden cardiac death: initial multicenter experience.

BACKGROUND
Recently, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) has become available. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of S-ICD in a clinical setting.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Between June 2010 and July 2011, 40 consecutive patients (42 ± 15 years; body mass index, 27 ± 6 kg/m(2); left ventricular ejection fraction, 47 ± 15%; 28 men) received an S-ICD for primary (n=17) or secondary prevention (n=23 [58%]) at 3 institutions in Germany. Intraoperative defibrillation efficacy testing failed in 1 patient with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction; testing was effective in all other patients. All episodes stored in the S-ICD were analyzed for appropriate and inappropriate detection, as well as effective shock delivery to convert ventricular tachyarrhythmia into sinus rhythm. During a median follow-up of 229 (interquartile range, 116-305) days, 4 patients experienced 21 episodes, with correct detection of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and subsequent shock therapy. A total of 28 shocks were delivered in these 4 patients. Mixed logistic regression modeling revealed a shock efficacy of 96.4% (95% CI, 12.8%-100%). The efficacy of first shocks, however, was only 57.9% (95% CI, 35.6%-77.4%). Four episodes were incorrectly classified as ventricular tachyarrhythmia, which led to inappropriate shock delivery in 2 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Ineffective shock delivery may occur in patients with S-ICD, even after successful intraoperative testing. Multicenter trials are required with close monitoring of safety and efficacy end points to identify patients who may be at risk for shock failure.
Glucose and triglyceride excursions following a standardized meal in individuals with diabetes: ELSA-Brasil study

OBJECTIVE
To assess glucose and triglyceride excursions 2 hours after the ingestion of a standardized meal and their associations with clinical characteristics and cardiovascular complications in individuals with diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Blood samples of 898 subjects with diabetes were collected at fasting and 2 hours after a meal containing 455 kcal, 14 g of saturated fat and 47 g of carbohydrates. Self-reported morbidity, socio-demographic characteristics and clinical measures were obtained by interview and exams performed at the baseline visit of the ELSA-Brasil cohort study.


RESULTS
Median (interquartile range, IQR) for fasting glucose was 150.5 (123-198) mg/dL and for fasting triglycerides 140 (103-199) mg/dL. The median excursion for glucose was 45 (15-76) mg/dL and for triglycerides 26 (11-45) mg/dL. In multiple linear regression, a greater glucose excursion was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (10.7, 95% CI 9.1-12.3 mg/dL), duration of diabetes (4.5; 2.6-6.4 mg/dL, per 5 year increase), insulin use (44.4; 31.7-57.1 mg/dL), and age (6.1; 2.5-9.6 mg/dL, per 10 year increase); and with lower body mass index (-5.6; -8.4- -2.8 mg/dL, per 5 kg/m2 increase). In adjusted logistic regression models, a greater glucose excursion was marginally associated with the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and angina) in those with obesity.


CONCLUSIONS
A greater postprandial glycemic response to a small meal was positively associated with indicators of a decreased capacity for insulin secretion and negatively associated with obesity. No pattern of response was observed with a greater postprandial triglyceride excursion.
Swarm intelligence: past, present and future

Many optimization problems in science and engineering are challenging to solve, and the current trend is to use swarm intelligence (SI) and SI-based algorithms to tackle such challenging problems. Some significant developments have been made in recent years, though there are still many open problems in this area. This paper provides a short but timely analysis about SI-based algorithms and their links with self-organization. Different characteristics and properties are analyzed here from both mathematical and qualitative perspectives. Future research directions are outlined and open questions are also highlighted. Citation Details: X.-S. Yang, S. Deb, Y.X. Zhao, S. Fong, X.S. He, Swarm intelligence: past, present and future, Soft Computing, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2810-5
Effects of postpartum exercise program on fatigue and depression during "doing-the-month" period.

This study explored the effectiveness of an exercise program on reducing levels of fatigue and depression among postpartum women who were "doing-the-month" in a maternity center in Taiwan. Previous studies related to postpartum have focused on depression rather than women's feelings of fatigue, and no study related to exercise has previously been conducted in a Taiwan maternity center. A low-intensity exercise program was specifically designed and administered to 31 subjects in the study's intervention group. Another 30 subjects (the control group) followed a traditional, non-physically active postpartum care regimen. Those in the intervention group were required to participate in at least 6 exercise program sessions during their one month postpartum stay. All subjects were asked to fill out a fatigue and depression questionnaire before and after the program. A Fatigue Symptom Checklist (FSC) was used to measure fatigue, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) was used to confirm the development of depression. Results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of fatigue levels, with statistical improvements (p < .05) registered by the intervention group in terms of levels of physical and psychological fatigue and fatigue symptoms. However, no significant changes in depression between the two groups were found. Study results demonstrate that a low-intensity exercise program can offer a good platform for clinicians and researchers to help reduce fatigue in postpartum women.
NSF's activities in electric power and energy research and education

This panel paper provides a brief overview of the National Science Foundation's research and education activities in the program area of Electric Power and Energy. Examples of successful transfer of research into educational activities are numerous and while this paper cannot claim to provide an exhaustive survey, an attempt will be made to review some of the best practices described by Research and Education investigators.
Friction Stir Welding : Review

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new joining process that has been used for high production since 1996. Because melting does not occur and joining takes place below the melting temperature of the material, a high-quality weld is created. In this paper working principle and various factor affecting friction stir welding is discussed.
Partial budget analysis of sow Escherichia coli vaccination

Published as journal series article number 10967 of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. Summary: We evaluated the profitability of vaccinating sows against Escherichia coli using a partial budget analysis incorporated into a computer spreadsheet. Herd inputs intended to approximate the average swine operation were used to provide generalizable results. Vaccine efficacy was estimated using previous reports of reduced diarrhea morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets associated with vaccination. Our results indicate that the average swine producer who does not currently vaccinate sows against E. coli could expect to generate $5.51 per sow in additional yearly profits by implementing a vaccination program. Losses attributable to piglet diarrhea would be reduced by nearly $10 per sow per year. Investment in a sow E. coli vaccination program is expected to result in a 124% return on investment. Sensitivity analysis found that these results were fairly insensitive to variations in vaccine efficacy, market value of pigs, vaccine cost, liveborn litter size, and diarrhea morbidity and mortality rates without vaccination. Threshold analysis suggests that herds with diarrhea morbidity and mortality rates in 1to 14day-old piglets of at least 3.5% and 0.8%, respectively, could expect returns adequate to justify investment. We therefore predict that E. coli vaccination of sows would be a cost-effective health management strategy for many United States swine producers.
The Manufacture and Application of Galss-ceramics

Glass ceramics is a recent development in material science.It has excellent mechanical thermal electrical chemical properties,glass ceramics has been widely used as structural and functional materials.This paper introduces its manufacture and its properties and applications in different materials.
Phenotypic Identification of Spinal Cord-Infiltrating CD4+ T Lymphocytes in a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain

BACKGROUND
Neuropathic pain is one of the most devastating kinds of chronic pain. Neuroinflammation has been shown to contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. We have previously demonstrated that lumbar spinal cord-infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity in spinal nerve L5 transection (L5Tx), a murine model of neuropathic pain. Here, we further examined the phenotype of the CD4+ T lymphocytes involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain-like behavior via intracellular flow cytometric analysis and explored potential interactions between infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes and spinal cord glial cells.


RESULTS
We consistently observed significantly higher numbers of T-Bet+, IFN-γ+, TNF-α+, and GM-CSF+, but not GATA3+ or IL-4+, lumbar spinal cord-infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes in the L5Tx group compared to the sham group at day 7 post-L5Tx. This suggests that the infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed a pro-inflammatory type 1 phenotype (Th1). Despite the observation of CD4+ CD40 ligand (CD154)+ T lymphocytes in the lumbar spinal cord post-L5Tx, CD154 knockout (KO) mice did not display significant changes in L5Tx-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, indicating that T lymphocyte-microglial interaction through the CD154-CD40 pathway is not necessary for L5Tx-induced hypersensitivity. In addition, spinal cord astrocytic activation, represented by glial fibillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, was significantly lower in CD4 KO mice compared to wild type (WT) mice at day 14 post-L5Tx, suggesting the involvement of astrocytes in the pronociceptive effects mediated by infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes.


CONCLUSIONS
In all, these data indicate that the maintenance of L5Tx-induced neuropathic pain is mostly mediated by Th1 cells in a CD154-independent manner via a mechanism that could involve multiple Th1 cytokines and astrocytic activation.
Some IFIP happenings

As described in previous columns, the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a federation of IT societies. ACM is a member of IFIP, and SIGCSE sponsors ACM's representative to the IFIP Technical Committee on Education (TC3). This column provides a summary of some recent and upcoming IFIP activities.
Spinal cord herniation into pseudomeningocele after traumatic nerve root avulsion: case report and review of the literature

We present an extremely rare case of traumatic spinal cord herniation due to a brachial plexus avulsion injury and provide a review of the literature of spinal cord herniation. Spinal cord herniation is an uncommon condition that can occur spontaneously or as a result of surgery or trauma. This condition often presents with symptoms and signs as Brown-Séquard syndrome. Traumatic pseudomeningoceles after a brachial plexus avulsion injury have been reported. But transdural herniation of the spinal cord into this pseudomeningocele is an extremely rare and poorly documented condition. There is only two reports of this condition in a thoracic case. The authors report the case of a 22-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of quadriplegia. He was involved in a motorcycle accident, 3 years prior to his presentation. Four years after the initial right brachial plexus injury, he was not able to walk independently. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) myelography revealed a lateral pseudomeningocele arising from the right C6–7 and C7–T1 intervetebral foramen and cervical spinal cord herniation into this pseudomeningocele. The patient underwent primary closure of pseudomeningocele to prevent spinal cord reherniation. He can walk with cane and use left arm unrestrictedly at the 2-year follow-up examination. Spinal cord herniation following traumatic nerve root avulsion is extremely rare but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with delayed myelopathy or Brown-Séquard syndrome.
When Subordinates Become IT Contractors: Persistent Managerial Expectations in IT Outsourcing

Violet T. Ho • Soon Ang • Detmar Straub Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore Computer Information Systems Department, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4015 atwho@ntu.cdu.sg • asang@ntu.edu.sg • dstraub@gsu.edu
Applying lazy learning algorithms to tackle concept drift in spam filtering

A great amount of machine learning techniques have been applied to problems where data is collected over an extended period of time. However, the disadvantage with many real-world applications is that the distribution underlying the data is likely to change over time. In these situations, a problem that many global eager learners face is their inability to adapt to local concept drift. Concept drift in spam is particularly difficult as the spammers actively change the nature of their messages to elude spam filters. Algorithms that track concept drift must be able to identify a change in the target concept (spam or legitimate e-mails) without direct knowledge of the underlying shift in distribution. In this paper we show how a previously successful instance-based reasoning e-mail filtering model can be improved in order to better track concept drift in spam domain. Our proposal is based on the definition of two complementary techniques able to select both terms and e-mails representative of the current situation. The enhanced system is evaluated against other well-known successful lazy learning approaches in two scenarios, all within a cost-sensitive framework. The results obtained from the experiments carried out are very promising and back up the idea that instance-based reasoning systems can offer a number of advantages tackling concept drift in dynamic problems, as in the case of the anti-spam filtering domain. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modelling with stakeholders - Next generation

This paper updates and builds on ‘Modelling with Stakeholders’ Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which demonstrated the importance of, and demand for, stakeholder participation in resource and environmental modelling. This position paper returns to the concepts of that publication and reviews the progress made since 2010. A new development is the wide introduction and acceptance of social media and web applications, which dramatically changes the context and scale of stakeholder interactions and participation. Technology advances make it easier to incorporate information in interactive formats via visualization and games to augment participatory experiences. Citizens as stakeholders are increasingly demanding to be engaged in planning decisions that affect them and their communities, at scales from local to global. How people interact with and access models and data is rapidly evolving. In turn, this requires changes in how models are built, packaged, and disseminated: citizens are less in awe of experts and external authorities, and they are increasingly aware of their own capabilities to provide inputs to planning processes, including models. The continued acceleration of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion accompanies these societal changes, even as there is a growing acceptance of the need to transition to alternative, possibly very different, life styles. Substantive transitions cannot occur without significant changes in human behaviour and perceptions. The important and diverse roles that models can play in guiding human behaviour, and in disseminating and increasing societal knowledge, are a feature of stakeholder processes today. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conical beam radial line slot antennas for 60 GHz band wireless LAN

In this paper, we fabricate a conical beam small aperture radial line slot antenna (RLSA) for a 60-GHz band wireless LAN. Measured results are also shown for demonstrating the feasibility.
Motor cortex stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: 12-month follow-up in 4 patients.

OBJECT
Since the initial 1991 report by Tsubokawa et al., stimulation of the M1 region of cortex has been used to treat chronic pain conditions and a variety of movement disorders.


METHODS
A Medline search of the literature published between 1991 and the beginning of 2007 revealed 459 cases in which motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was used. Of these, 72 were related to a movement disorder. More recently, up to 16 patients specifically with Parkinson disease were treated with MCS, and a variety of results were reported. In this report the authors describe 4 patients who were treated with extradural MCS.


RESULTS
Although there were benefits seen within the first 6 months in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores (decreased by 60%), tremor was only modestly managed with MCS in this group, and most benefits seen initially were lost by the end of 12 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Although there have been some positive findings using MCS for Parkinson disease, a larger study may be needed to better determine if it should be pursued as an alternative surgical treatment to DBS.
Teacher Efficacy: Influence of Principal Leadership Behavior.

This paper presents findings of a study that explored the relationships among principals' leadership behaviors and teacher efficacy in Wisconsin middle schools involved in building-level change efforts. An adaptation of Bandura's social cognitive learning theory of self-efficacy (A. Woolfolk and W. Hoy 1993) provided the theoretical framework. Phase 1 of the research surveyed 10 principals and 280 teachers from 10 middle schools. Principals and teachers completed The Nature of Leadership Survey (Leithwood 1993) and teachers completed an adapted version of S. Gibson and M. Dembo's Teacher Efficacy Scale (1984). Data for phase 2 were collected through interviews with the 10 principals and 34 teachers. The data indicate that three of Leithwood's transformational leadership behaviors--modeling behavior, inspiring group purpose, and providing contingent rewards--were significantly related to general teaching efficacy. "Models behaviors" and "provided contingent rewards" were significantly related to personal teaching efficacy. Qualitative data confirmed these r2sults and suggested eight additional leadership behaviors that reinforce and sustain teacher efficacy. In addition, a significant difference was found between general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy. An implication is that if a strong sense of efficacy motivates teachers to higher levels of competence and success, then an increased focus on this teachc!r attribute is critical. (Contains 38 references.) (Author/LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Teacher Efficacy: Influence of Principal Leadership Behavior Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association New York City, New York
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Dairy Goat MicroRNAs from Dry Period and Peak Lactation Mammary Gland Tissues

BACKGROUND
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that serve as important post-transcriptional gene expression regulators by targeting messenger RNAs for post-transcriptional endonucleolytic cleavage or translational inhibition. miRNAs play important roles in many biological processes. Extensive high-throughput sequencing studies of miRNAs have been performed in several animal models. However, little is known about the diversity of these regulatory RNAs in goat (Capra hircus), which is one of the most important agricultural animals and the oldest domesticated species raised worldwide. Goats have long been used for their milk, meat, hair (including cashmere), and skins throughout much of the world.


RESULTS
In this study, two small RNA libraries were constructed based on dry period and peak lactation dairy goat mammary gland tissues and sequenced using the Illumina-Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 346 conserved and 95 novel miRNAs were identified in the dairy goat. miRNAs expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR in nine tissues and in the mammary gland during different stages of lactation. In addition, several candidate miRNAs that may be involved in mammary gland development and lactation were found by comparing the miRNA expression profiles in different tissues and developmental stages of the mammary gland.


CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals the first miRNAs profile related to the biology of the mammary gland in the dairy goat. The characterization of these miRNAs could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lactation physiology and mammary gland development in the dairy goat.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue infection in Westmoreland, Jamaica.

BACKGROUND
Dengue virus infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in most tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Dengue fever is endemic in Jamaica and continues to be a public health concern. There is a paucity of information on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Jamaicans regarding dengue infection.


OBJECTIVE
To describe dengue-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of residents of Westmoreland, Jamaica.


METHODS
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 192 parents attending child health clinics in the Parish of Westmoreland was conducted.


RESULTS
More than half of the parents (54%) had good knowledge about signs, symptoms and mode of transmission of dengue. Approximately 47% considered dengue to be a serious but preventable disease to which they are vulnerable. Nevertheless, a majority (77%) did not use effective dengue preventive methods such as screening of homes and 51% did not use bed nets. Educational attainment (OR, 2.98; CI, 1.23, 7.23) was positively associated with knowledge of dengue. There was no correlation between knowledge about dengue and preventive practices (p = 0.34). Radio and TV were the predominant sources of information about dengue fever.


CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that the good knowledge about dengue fever among residents of Westmoreland did not translate to adoption of preventive measures. Health programme planners and practitioners need to identify and facilitate removal of barriers to behaviour change related to control of dengue fever among the population. Future campaigns should focus on educating and encouraging individuals and families to adopt simple, preventive actions, such as, use of insecticide treated bed nets and screening of homes.