LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for CMOS low-noise amplifiers

A low-noise amplifier is the first active stage of a CMOS RF receiver. The inductively degenerated common-source LNA (CS-LNA) topology is currently popular because it achieves high gain, low noise figure, etc. The amplifier's performance is reviewed and the optimum Q value that gives the minimum noise figure is derived. It is then compared to the conventional common-gate LNA (CG-LNA) in terms of gain, noise figure, input matching, reverse isolation and stability. Finally, a general g/sub m/-boosted design technique for common-gate RF circuits is introduced that provides lower noise figure and power consumption than the conventional CS-LNA and CG-LNA stages; it also preserves the CG-LNA insensitivity to parasitic input capacitances. In view of CMOS scaling, the CG-LNA topology is attractive for future higher frequency and/or lower power designs.
Bromocriptine in mania--a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.

3Nielsen MS, Manners JM. Valve replacement in carcinoid syndrome. Anaesthesia 1979;34:494-9. 4Chatterjee K, Heather LC. Carcinoid heart disease from primary ovarian carcinoid tumors. Am Y Med 1968;45 :643-8. 5 Herreman F, Vernant P, Cachera JP, Monier Ph. Insuffisance tricuspidienne severe et tumeur carcin6ide primitive de l'ovaire. Succes du remplacement valvulaire a long terme. Arch Mal Coeur 1978;71: 72-80.
Color Image Denoising Using Wavelet soft Thresholding

In this paper we proposed a new approach for color Image denoising using wavelet thresholding. The denoising process rejects noise by thresholding in the wavelet domain.Wavelet analysis is powerful tool for Image Denoising when Image are to be viewed or processed at multiple resolution Wavelet Transform is the mathematical tool for denoising. Discrete wavelet transform has the benefit of giving a joint time frequency representation of the signal. Also it is suitable for both stationary and non-stationary signals and is the most appropriate System in the field of signal detection. Discrete wavelet transform is implemented through multi resolution an alysis and digital filter banks. The proposed method was applied by using MATLAB R2013a with color images contaminated by white Gaussian noise. Keywords— Gaussian, Salt & Pepper, Poisson & speckle Noise, 2D filtering, Wavelet Thresholding.
Hiding Multitone Watermarks in Halftone Images

The authors propose a method for embedding a multitone watermark using low computational complexity. The proposed approach can guard against reasonable cropping or print-and-scan attacks.
Modeling a DFIG Wind Turbine System using PLECS

Variable speed operation is essential for large wind turbines in order to optimize the energy capture under variable wind speed conditions. Variable speed wind turbines require a power electronic interface converter to permit connection with the grid. The power electronics can be either partially-rated or fully-rated [1]. A popular interface method for large wind turbines that is based on a partiallyrated interface is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system [2]. In the DFIG system, the power electronic interface controls the rotor currents in order to control the electrical torque and thus the rotational speed. Because the power electronics only process the rotor power, which is typically less than 25% of the overall output power, the DFIG offers the advantages of speed control for a reduction in cost and power losses. This report presents a DFIG wind turbine system that is modeled in PLECS and Simulink. A full electrical model that includes the switching converter implementation for the rotor-side power electronics and a dq model of the induction machine is given. The aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the mechanical dynamics of the induction machine are included to extend the use of the model to simulating system operation under variable wind speed conditions. For longer simulations that include these slower mechanical and wind dynamics, an averaged PWM converter model is presented. The averaged electrical model offers improved simulation speed at the expense of neglecting converter switching detail.
SnapShot: Effector Proteins of Type III Secretion Systems

SopE/SopE2 Salmonella enterica Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rho family GTPases Stimulation of actin reorganization and bacterial entry into nonphagocytic cells; nuclear responses SptP (N terminus)/YopE/ ExoS (N terminus) S. enterica/Yersinia spp./Pseudomonas aeruginosa GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rho-family GTPases Recovery of the actin cytoskeleton after bacterial internalization (SptP); disruption of the actin cytoskeleton (YopE/ExoS) SipA S. enterica Actin nucleator Actin Stimulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and bacterial entry into nonphagocytic cells SopA S. enterica HECT-like ubiquitin ligase Unknown Promotes inflammation SopB/IpgB S. enterica/ Shigella spp. Phosphoinositide and inositol phosphate phosphatase Phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates Stimulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and macropinocytosis; bacterial internalization into nonphagocytic cells; modulation of vesicular trafficking SipC S. enterica Actin bundling Actin Modulation of actin cytoskeleton to promote bacterial internalization into host cells SifA S. enterica Recruits SKIP to the Salmonella-containing vacuole SKIP and kinesin Modulation of vesicular trafficking SseJ S. enterica Deacylase Unknown Unknown SseL S. enterica Ubiquitin protease Ubiquitin Macrophage killing SrfH S. enterica Unknown TRIP6 Promotes motility of infected cells SspH1 S. enterica Unknown PKN1 Inhibition of host inflammatory response? YopJ/AvrA/AvrBsT (and other family members) Yersinia spp./ S. enterica Acetyl transferase/cysteine protease MAPKK and IKK family members; SUMO? Disruption of MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling (YopJ); disruption of plant defense responses (AvrBsT) PipB2 S. enterica Recruitment of kinesin Kinesin Phagosome movement along microtubules? YopT/HopC1 (and other family members) Yersinia spp./ Pseudomonas syringae Protease Rho-family GTPases (YopT); PBS1 kinase (AvrPphB) Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton (YopT); modulates the jasmonic acid defense response in plants (AvrPphB) YopH/SptP (C terminus) Yersinia spp./S. enterica Protein tyrosine phosphatase Many Disruption of macrophage functions (YopH); disruption of MAP kinase signaling (SptP) YpkA Yersinia spp.
Income inequality and economic freedom in the U.S. states

This paper examines the impact of economic freedom on income inequality using cross-sectional data for U.S. states. While previous research has explored this relationship internationally, the results have been conflicting. In addition, while it seems obvious that the large institutional differences across countries will impact income inequality, it isn’t so obvious that the smaller variation in policies among U.S. states can have a measurable impact. Can improvements in income inequality be used as a justification for marginal promarket policy reforms at the state level, or is this argument applicable only to national-level institutional reforms?
The Factor Structure in Equity Options

Principal component analysis of equity options on Dow-Jones firms reveals a strong factor structure. The first principal component explains 77% of the variation in the equity volatility level, 77% of the variation in the equity option skew, and 60% of the implied volatility term structure across equities. Furthermore, the first principal component has a 92% correlation with S&P500 index option volatility, a 64% correlation with the index option skew, and a 80% correlation with the index option term structure. We develop an equity option valuation model that captures this factor structure. The model allows for stochastic volatility in the market return and also in the idiosyncratic part of firm returns. The model predicts that firms with higher betas have higher implied volatilities, and steeper moneyness and term structure slopes. We provide a tractable approach for estimating the model on a large set of index and equity option data on which the model provides a good fit. The equity option data support the cross-sectional implications of the estimated model. JEL Classification: G10; G12; G13.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and estrogen receptor α mediated epithelial dedifferentiation mark the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported involved in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders and associated with stemness characteristics. Recent studies demonstrated that human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development involves accumulation of mesenchymal-like cells derived from the prostatic epithelium. However, the inductive factors of EMT in the adult prostate and the cause-and-effect relationship between EMT and stemness characteristics are not yet resolved.


METHODS
EMT expression patterns were immunohistochemically identified in the human epithelia of normal/BPH prostate tissue and in a rat BPH model induced by estrogen/androgen (E2/T, ratio 1:100) alone or in the presence of the ER antagonist raloxifene. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in micro-dissected prostatic epithelia of rat stimulated by E2/T for 3 days.


RESULTS
Two main morphological features both accompanied with EMT were observed in the epithelia of human BPH. Luminal cells undergoing EMT dedifferentiated from a cytokeratin (CK) CK18(+) /CK8(+) /CK19(+) to a CK18(-) /CK8(+) /CK19(-) phenotype and CK14 expression increased in basal epithelial cells. ERα expression was closely related to these dedifferentiated cells and the expression of EMT markers. A similar pattern of EMT events was observed in the E2/T induced rat model of BPH in comparison to the prostates of untreated rats, which could be prevented by raloxifene.


CONCLUSIONS
Epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype switching is an important mechanism in the etiology of BPH. ERα mediated enhanced estrogenic effect is a crucial inductive factor of epithelial dedifferentiation giving rise to activation of an EMT program in prostate epithelium.
Atrioventricular delay programming and the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in MADIT-CRT.

BACKGROUND
The optimal atrioventricular pacing delay (AVD) in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains to be determined.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether programming CRT devices to short AVD (S-AVD) will improve clinical response secondary to greater reductions in dyssynchrony.


METHODS
The study population comprised 1235 patients with left bundle branch block enrolled in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). We assessed the relationship between AVD and outcomes. Patients programmed to S-AVD (median value of <120 ms; n = 337) vs long AVD (L-AVD; ≥120 ms; n = 390) were assessed for the end points of heart failure (HF) or death, death alone, and echocardiographic response to the CRT at 1-year follow-up. Outcomes were also compared to the left bundle branch block implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-only group (n = 508).


RESULTS
Multivariate analysis showed that patients programmed to S-AVD experienced a significant 33% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.85; P = .037) reduction in the risk of HF or death and a 47% (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.94; P = .031) reduction in death alone as compared with those programmed to L-AVD. Patients with CRT-programmed S-AVD and L-AVD experienced 63% (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.26-0.53; P < .001) and 46% (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P < .001) reduction, respectively, in the risk of HF or death compared to patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator alone. At 1 year of follow-up, S-AVD vs L-AVD was associated with a greater reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume (34.2% vs 30.8%; P = .002) along with a significantly greater improvement in dyssynchrony (22.3% vs 9.4%; P = .036).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that in MADIT-CRT programming, the CRT AVD <120 ms was associated with a greater clinical and echocardiographic response to CRT.
Vaginal Leech Infestation: A Rare Cause of Hypovolumic Shock In Postmenopausal Woman

BACKGROUND
Human leech infestation is a disease of the poor who live in rural areas and use water contaminated with leeches. Like any other body orifices, vagina can also be infested by leech when females use contaminated water for bathing and/or douching. Although this condition is very rare in postmenopausal women, it causes morbidities and mortalities.


CASE DETAILS
A 70 year old Para X (all alive) abortion I mother, postmenopausal for the last 20 years, presented with vaginal bleeding of 3 weeks duration to Gimbie Adventist Hospital, Western Ethiopia. On examination, she had deranged vital signs and there was a dark moving worm attached to the cervical os. She was admitted with the diagnosis of hypovolumic shock and severe anemia secondary to postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. After the patient was stabilized with intravenous crystalloids, the leech was removed from the vagina. She was then transfused with two units of whole blood and discharged with good condition on the 3(rd) post procedure day with ferrous sulphate.


CONCLUSION
Vaginal leech infestation in postmenopausal woman can cause hypovolumic shock and severe anemia. Therefore, in order to decrease morbidities from failure or delay in making the diagnosis, health care providers should consider the possibility of vaginal leech infestation in postmenopausal woman from rural areas and those who use river water for drinking, bathing and/or douching and presented with vaginal bleeding. In addition, the importance of using clean water and improving access to safe water should be emphasized.
Effect of the Frequency of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs—A Multi-Centre, Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE
Recommendations on the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) vary widely among physicians treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aim of this study was to investigate two testing regimen of SMBG in patients with stable metabolic control.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with T2D treated with oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized to two groups: either one SMBG (low) or four SMBG (high) per week. Subjects were followed up after 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome parameter was the change in HbA1c between baseline and 6 months. Primary outcome criterion was tested by a one-sided t- test for non- inferiority. Secondary outcome parameters were safety, compliance and HbA1c at 3 and 12 months.


RESULTS
There were no differences in the 202 subjects for demographic and sociodemographic parameters and drug treatment. HbA(1)c (%) at baseline was similar in both groups (7.2+/-1.4 vs. 7.2+/-1.0). Non- inferiority was demonstrated for the low group (p = 0.0022) with a difference from baseline to 6 months of 0.24 in the low and of 0.16 in the high group. Compliance with the testing regimen was 82-90% in both groups. There were no statistical significant differences for compliance, HbA(1)c at 3 and 12 months and serious adverse events (SAE).


CONCLUSION
One SMBG per week is as sufficient and safe as four SMBG per week to maintain HbA(1)c in non-insulin treated T2D close to metabolic target. The results of this study are in contrast to current international consensus guidelines.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN79164268.
Ravenscar-Java: a high-integrity profile for real-time Java

For many, Java is the antithesis of a high integrity programming language. Its combination of object-oriented programming features, its automatic garbage collection, and its poor support for real-time multi-threading are all seen as particular impediments. The Real-Time Specification for Java has introduced many new features that help in the real-time domain. However, the expressive power of these features means that very complex programming models can be created, necessitating complexity in the supporting real-time virtual machine. Consequently, Java, with the real-time extensions as they stand, seems too complex for confident use in high integrity systems. This paper presents a Java profile for the development of software-intensive high integrity real-time systems. This restricted programming model removes language features with high overheads and complex semantics, on which it is hard to perform timing and functional analyses. The profile fits within the J2ME framework and is consistent with well-known guidelines for high integrity software development, such as those defined by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Categor ies and Subject Descr iptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features; D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors – Memory management (garbage collection), Run-time environments; D.2.4 [Software Engineer ing]: Software/Program Verification – Reliability; J.7 [Computer Applications]: Computers in Other Systems – Real time
Single- versus double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

F or this inaugural Clinical Faceoff, I have invited two internationally known experts on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to discuss two approaches: singleand double-bundle reconstruction. Russell Warren, MD, is the Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus at Hospital for Special Surgery and a past president of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. Joining Dr. Warren and me is Freddie Fu, MD, the David Silver Professor and Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of Pittsburgh and past president of AOSSM and the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. There is great controversy in this area, and the discussion between these two experts addresses the key issues. Robert Marx MD: Should doublebundle ACL reconstruction be used for all primary cases? Russell Warren MD: A definitive study is still needed to determine whether primary ACL reconstruction should be performed with a doublebundle technique instead of a singlebundle approach. To date, multiple studies have shown improvements in rotational control with a double-bundle approach, but the clinical relevance of this is unclear as many studies have failed to demonstrate significant differences on important parameters. Recently, Dr. Irrgang et al. [6] indicated that ‘‘at this time, there is no definitive evidence that double-bundle ACL reconstruction is better than singlebundle ACL reconstruction in terms of measures of knee joint structures, functions, and clinical outcomes.’’ They proposed an NIH-funded study in an attempt to answer this question. I have found single-bundle reconstruction to be of value to my patients over many years. Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft can be used for a single-bundle reconstruction, allowing for bone-tobone healing and aperture fixation. The double-bundle technique typically uses ‘‘suspensory’’ fixation, leading to increased creep and potential tunnel widening. Anatomic reconstruction with the double-bundle technique leads to the two bundles functioning somewhat independently at different degrees of knee flexion, potentially placing the entire load on a smaller graft (bundle). If single-bundle ACL reconstruction is performed, it must be placed anatomically so the change in length with flexion is minimal, as observed in a normal ACL. Graft tunnel location is critical to both techniques. Using intraoperative computer navigation, we found that some knees have higher degrees of rotation after ACL injury [2]. These knees may be better served by a double-bundle approach. Further Clinical Faceoff The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons1 2012
Effects of Pulsatile Cupping on Body Pain and Quality of Life in People with Suboptimal Health:A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Trial.

Objective: The curative effect of pneumatic pulsatile cupping on pain has been shown. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the pulsating frequency of pneumatic pulsatile cupping, compared with traditional cupping (TC), on body pain and quality of life (QoL) in people with suboptimal health status (SHS). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six participants with SHS were randomized to low-frequency (LF; n = 24) or high-frequency (HF; n = 24) pulsating cupping, traditional cupping (TC; n = 24), or wait-list (WL; n = 24) groups. The LF, HF, and TC groups received 4 sessions of cupping over 2 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-100 mm) pain level and Short-Form-36 (SF-36) QoL measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Results: Both LF and HF reduced pain significantly (VAS: -28.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] -36.18 to -20.34; and -31.88, 95% CI -39.81 to -23.96; both P = 0.000) and improved QoL more than WL (SF-36, Bodily Pain dimension: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.85 to 2.07; and 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.36, both P = 0.000). Compared to TC, LF and HF significantly reduced pain (VAS: -7.92, 95% CI: -15.75 to -0.08, P LT = 0.048; and -11.54, 95% CI: -19.38 to -3.70, P HT = 0.004) and improved QoL (SF-36, Bodily Pain dimension: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.21, P LT = 0.046; and 0.90, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.50, P HT = 0.004). There was no significant difference between LF and HF. Conclusions: This study showed that, in patients with SHS, pulsatile cupping therapy could have a more-favorable effect to relieve body pain, compared to TC. LF and HF pulsation produced equivalent pain relief. Further studies investigating the underlying mechanism are needed. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-INR-16009345).
Can nifekalant hydrochloride be used as a first-line drug for cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)? : comparative study of out-of-hospital CPA with acidosis and in-hospital CPA without acidosis.

BACKGROUND
Early defibrillation of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF) is an urgent and most important method of resuscitation for survival in cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). We have previously reported that nifekalant (NIF), a specific I(Kr) blocker developed in Japan, is effective for lidocaine (LID) resistant VT/VF in out-of-hospital CPA (OHCPA). However, little is known about the differences in the effect of NIF on OHCPA with acidosis and in-hospital CPA (IHCPA) without acidosis.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The present study enrolled 91 cases of DC shock resistant VT/VF among 892 cases of CPA that occurred between June 2000 and May 2003. NIF was used (0.15-0.3 mg/kg) after LID according to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) algorithm of Tokai University. The defibrillation rate was higher in the NIF group for both OHCPA and IHCPA than for LID alone, and the VT/VF rate reduction effect could be maintained even with acidosis. However, sinus bradycardia in OHCPA, and torsades de pointes in IHCPA were occasionally observed. These differences in adverse effects might be related to the amount of epinephrine, serum potassium levels, serum pH, and interaction with LID.


CONCLUSIONS
NIF had a favorable defibrillating effect in both CPA groups, and it shows promise of becoming a first-line drug for CPR.