LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
CaMKII in cerebral ischemia

Ischemic insults on neurons trigger excessive, pathological glutamate release that causes Ca2+ overload resulting in neuronal cell death (excitotoxicity). The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of physiological excitatory glutamate signals underlying neuronal plasticity and learning. Glutamate stimuli trigger autophosphorylation of CaMKII at T286, a process that makes the kinase “autonomous” (partially active independent from Ca2+ stimulation) and that is required for forms of synaptic plasticity. Recent studies suggested autonomous CaMKII activity also as potential drug target for post-insult neuroprotection, both after glutamate insults in neuronal cultures and after focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. However, CaMKII and other members of the CaM kinase family have been implicated in regulation of both neuronal death and survival. Here, we discuss past findings and possible mechanisms of CaM kinase functions in excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia, with a focus on CaMKII and its regulation.
Baryonic thermal fluctuations in finite temperature QCD

Abstract We show how, contrary to physical intuition, thermal fluctuations of physical states having a non-vanishing baryonic number can be fully neglected in the thermodynamics of QCD at any physical temperature. We also discuss on the consistency between our results and the CPT theorem. The last part of this article is devoted to comment some interesting physical features which follow from this result.
RNAi screen reveals synthetic lethality between cyclin G-associated kinase and FBXW7 by inducing aberrant mitoses

Background:F-box and WD40 repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of multiple oncogenic substrates. The tumour suppressor function is frequently lost in multiple cancers through genetic deletion and mutations in a broad range of tumours. Loss of FBXW7 functionality results in the stabilisation of multiple major oncoproteins, culminating in increased cellular proliferation and pro-survival pathways, cell cycle deregulation, chromosomal instability and altered metabolism. Currently, there is no therapy to specifically target FBXW7-deficient tumours.Methods:We performed a siRNA kinome screen to identify synthetically lethal hits to FBXW7 deficiency.Results:We identified and validated cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) as a potential new therapeutic target. Combined loss of FBXW7 and GAK caused cell cycle defects, formation of multipolar mitoses and the induction of apoptosis. The synthetic lethal mechanism appears to be independent of clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis function of GAK.Conclusions:These data suggest a putative therapeutic strategy for a large number of different types of human cancers with FBXW7 loss, many of which have a paucity of molecular abnormalities and treatment options.
Return of the Pragmatic Architect

Many types of architects work in the software industry, but when we consider the breadth of their work and their primary expertise, we find that they can be organized into three major groups: enterprise architects, application architects, and infrastructure architects. Knowing which group an architect falls into helps in understanding their expertise and what to expect of them.
A Hybrid SOM-BPN Approach to Lot Output Time Prediction in a Wafer Fab

Output time prediction is a critical task to a wafer fab (fabrication plant). To further enhance the accuracy of wafer lot output time prediction, the concept of input classification is applied to the back propagation network (BPN) approach in this study by pre-classifying input examples with the self-organization map (SOM) classifier before they are fed into the BPN. Examples belonging to different categories are then learned with different BPNs but with the same topology. Production simulation is also applied in this study to generate test examples. According to experimental results, the prediction accuracy of the proposed methodology was significantly better than those of three existing approaches, case-based reasoning (CBR), BPN without example classification, and evolving fuzzy rules (EFR), in most cases by achieving a 13–46% (and an average of 30%) reduction in the root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) over the comparison basis – BPN without example classification.
Expected benefits of topotecan combined with lapatinib in recurrent ovarian cancer according to biological profile: a phase 2 trial.

OBJECTIVE
Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also inhibits breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) involved in resistance to topotecan. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess the efficacy of the combination topotecan-lapatinib in epithelial ovarian cancer relapsing after a first line of chemotherapy.


METHODS
Patients having relapsed within 6 months (n = 20) or between 6 and 12 months (n = 19) received weekly topotecan (3.2 mg/m given intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15) and daily oral lapatinib (1250 mg). Translational studies were performed on tumor and serum.


RESULTS
An objective (partial) response was observed for 5 patients (14%), all with late relapse. The rates of overall benefits, including responses and stabilizations, were 37% and 62% in patients having relapsed within or after 6 months, respectively. Corresponding median time to progression were 58 and 94 days. The most frequent toxicity was hematological, including grade 4 neutropenia (18%) and thrombocytopenia (3%). None of the tumors overexpressed HER2 or EGFR, and no mutation was found. Two Kras mutations were identified. Positive expressions of BCRP and cyclin A (median, 70% and 40%) were not correlated to the response to treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
This study failed to demonstrate a clinical benefit of lapatinib-topotecan compared to previously described activity with topotecan alone in a context of low levels of EGFR and HER2 expressions, and no biomarkers could be identified. The absence of correlation between BCRP expression and clinical outcomes suggests that other mechanisms of resistance to topotecan could predominate.
Network synthesis of mixed quantum-classical linear stochastic systems

In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the integration of photonic components into VLSI circuits that in the long term may drive the need for systematic mixed electronic-photonic circuit design methods. On the other hand, theoretical and experimental investigations of coherent-feedback quantum control, the feedback control of a quantum system with another quantum system, have led to the development of a network synthesis theory for linear quantum stochastic models that are commonly employed in (linear) quantum optics, modelling such devices as optical cavities and optical parametric amplifiers. This paper makes theoretical contributions towards connecting these two independent developments, and anticipates potential future interest in systematic design methods for mixed linear electronic-photonic circuits, by establishing a network synthesis theory for linear stochastic systems with mixed quantum and classical degrees of freedom. It is shown how a physically realizable mixed quantum-classical linear stochastic system can be realized as a circuit composed of a feedback interconnection of a fully quantum linear subsystem, that can be implemented by quantum optical devices, and a classical linear sub-system, that can be implemented with standard electrical and electronic devices, together with appropriate interfaces that convert quantum signals to classical signals, and vice-versa. Two feedback architectures are proposed, and a decomposition lemma is derived that shows the structure of linear transformations of bosonic quantum signals into classical signals.
Formation of anions and cations of atomic hydrogen by cathode operation

By employing the time-of-flight method it is shown, that at work of a source low-energy electrons (tungsten cathode) in high vacuum effective formation of anions and cations atomic hydrogen is possible. The reasons and conditions of formation of ions are discussed.
A performance comparison of polar codes and Reed-Muller codes

Polar coding is a code construction method that can be used to construct capacity-achieving codes for binary-input channels with certain symmetries. Polar coding may be considered as a generalization of Reed-Muller (RM) coding. Here, we demonstrate the performance advantages of polar codes over RM codes under belief-propagation decoding.
Limbal stem cell deficiency and ocular phenotype in ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome caused by p63 mutations.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the ocular phenotype in patients with ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome (MIM#604292) and to determine the pathogenic basis of visual morbidity.


DESIGN
Retrospective case series.


PARTICIPANTS
Nineteen families (23 patients) affected by EEC syndrome from the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Italy.


METHODS
General medical examination to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for EEC syndrome and determine the phenotypic severity. Mutational analysis of p63 was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based bidirectional Sanger sequencing. All patients with EEC syndrome underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and ocular surface assessment. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) was diagnosed clinically on the basis of corneal conjunctivalization and anatomy of the limbal palisades of Vogt. Impression cytology using immunofluorescent antibodies was performed in 1 individual. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on a corneal button and corneal pannus from 2 EEC patients.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The EEC syndrome phenotypic severity (EEC score), best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (decimal fraction), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tear function index, tear breakup time, LSCD, p63 DNA sequence variants, impression cytology, and corneal histopathology.


RESULTS
Eleven heterozygous missense mutations in the DNA binding domain of p63 were identified in all patients with EEC syndrome. All patients had ocular involvement and the commonest was an anomaly of the meibomian glands and lacrimal drainage system defects. The major cause of visual morbidity was progressive LSCD, which was detected in 61% (14/23). Limbal stem cell deficiency was related to advancing age and caused a progressive keratopathy, resulting in a dense vascularized corneal pannus, and eventually leading to visual impairment. Histologic analysis and impression cytology confirmed LSCD.


CONCLUSIONS
Heterozygous p63 mutations cause the EEC syndrome and result in visual impairment owing to progressive LSCD. There was no relationship of limbal stem cell failure with the severity of EEC syndrome, as classified by the EEC score, or the underlying molecular defect in p63.


FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Data abstraction for Pascal programmers

Lack of data abstraction facilities in Pascal is a serious shortcoming for a language whose principal aims include "teaching programming as a systematic discipline." In this paper, a scheme is presented to implement data abstraction in Pascal using a limited form of the class structure defined in Concurrent Pascal. The class structures are translated to equivalent (sequential) Pascal constructs with the help of a preprocessor whose design is also described.
Production of fuel briquettes from waste paper and coconut husk admixtures.

Nigeria has abundant supplies of biomass resources, particularly agro-forestry residues and municipal solid waste, whose potentials are yet to be fully tapped for energy generation. The study was undertaken to investigate the properties of fuel briquettes produced from a mixture of a municipal solid waste and an agricultural residue, i.e., shredded waste paper and hammermilled coconut husk particles. Briquettes were manufactured using a manually-operated closed – end die piston press at an average pressure of 1.2 x 10 N/m using four coconut husk: waste paper mixing ratios (by weight), i.e., 0:100; 5: 95; 15: 85; and 25: 75. Results obtained showed that briquettes produced using 100% waste paper and 5:95 waste paper-coconut husk ratios respectively exhibited the largest (though minimal) linear expansion on drying. While the equilibrium moisture content of the briquettes ranged between 5.4 % and 13.3%, there was no clearly discernible pattern in e.m.c variation with increase in coconut husk content. A reciprocal relationship was observed between compressed/relaxed density and relaxation ratio of the briquettes. The mean durability rating of all the briquettes exceeded 95%. It was concluded that stable briquettes could be formed from waste paper mixed with coconut husk particles.
Effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Exercise training is effective for improving physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes. However, limited research has been conducted on the optimal exercise training intensity for this population.


OBJECTIVE
The primary study objective was to investigate the effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes.


DESIGN
This was a randomized clinical trial.


SETTING
The setting was a university campus.


PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-one people with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity training (MOD group) or high-intensity training (HIGH group).


INTERVENTION
The MOD group performed resistance training at an intensity of 75% of the 8-repetition maximum (8-RM) and aerobic training at an intensity of 30% to 45% of the heart rate reserve (HRR). The HIGH group performed resistance training at an intensity of 100% of the 8-RM and aerobic training at an intensity of 50% to 65% of the HRR.


MEASUREMENTS
Muscle strength (peak torque [newton-meters]), exercise capacity (graded exercise test duration [minutes]), and physical function (Patient-Specific Functional Scale questionnaire) were measured at baseline and 3 months later. Acute exercise-induced changes in glucose levels were assessed immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise during the first exercise training session.


RESULTS
Although both groups showed improvements in physical fitness and physical function, the between-group effect sizes were not statistically significant (exercise capacity estimated marginal mean [EMM] difference=2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=-0.2, 4.5; muscle strength EMM difference=20.8, 95% CI=-23.3, 65.0; and physical function EMM difference=0.1, 95% CI=-0.6, 0.9). Mean percent changes in glucose levels measured immediately before exercise and immediately after exercise, immediately after exercise and 1 hour after exercise, and immediately before exercise and 1 hour after exercise for the MOD group were -11.4%, -5.0%, and -15.8%, respectively; those for the HIGH group were -21.5%, 7.9%, and -15.3%, respectively.


LIMITATIONS
Sample size, lack of outcome assessor masking, and physical function measurement subjectivity were limitations.


CONCLUSIONS
Moderate- and high-intensity exercise training, as defined in this study, may lead to similar improvements in physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes.
Obtaining a New Representation for the Golden Ratio by Solving a Biquadratic Equation

In the present work we show how different ways to solve biquadratic equations can lead us to different representations of its solutions. A particular equation which has the golden ratio and its reciprocal as solutions is shown as an example.
Principled Detection of Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networks

We consider the problem of detecting out-of-distribution examples in neural networks. We propose ODIN, a simple and effective out-of-distribution detector for neural networks, that does not require any change to a pre-trained model. Our method is based on the observation that using temperature scaling and adding small perturbations to the input can separate the softmax score distributions of inand out-of-distribution samples, allowing for more effective detection. We show in a series of experiments that our approach is compatible with diverse network architectures and datasets. It consistently outperforms the baseline approach [1] by a large margin, establishing a new state-of-the-art performance on this task. For example, ODIN reduces the false positive rate from the baseline 34.7% to 4.3% on the DenseNet (applied to CIFAR-10) when the true positive rate is 95%. We theoretically analyze the method and prove that performance improvement is guaranteed under mild conditions on the image distributions.
Optimal deposition and layer modulation parameters for mechanical property enhancement of TiB2/Si3N4 multilayers using orthogonal experiment

Abstract TiB 2 /Si 3 N 4 multilayers have been synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). SEM, XRD, XP-2 profiler, and Nano indenter were employed to investigate the effect of modulation ratio, modulation period, thickness of buffer layer, and deposition temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Orthogonal experiment found that the TiB 2 /Si 3 N 4 multilayer with modulation ratio of 15.4:1 and modulation period of 11.8 nm prepared with 38 nm-thick Ti buffer layer at deposition temperature of 225°C displayed optimal mechanical properties. Its hardness and elastic modulus were up to the highest values of 36.2 GPa and 448 GPa. This hardest multilayer also showed the improved residual stress and fracture resistance.
Cooperative wireless energy harvesting and information transfer in stochastic networks

In this paper, we consider a large-scale wireless ad hoc network with multiple source-destination communication pairs, where the sources operate with wireless energy harvesting. Before data transmission, each source should first harvest the radio frequency energy transferred from its corresponding destination. Since the source-destination distance is long, the efficiency of wireless energy transfer is very low. As a result, the transmission power of the source is weak, which is detrimental to the successful data transmissions. Instead, we introduce a relay in-between each source and destination for the wireless energy transfer and data transmission. The close distance between the relay and the source can improve the energy harvesting efficiency and the data relaying can improve the link robustness. With the assistance from the relay, the area spectrum efficiency is significantly enhanced compared with the non-cooperative system. A series of discrete power levels is defined for the sources and the probability of choosing each power level is analyzed by averaging over the random channel fading. We analyze the data success probabilities through averaging over the uncertain interference caused by the random locations of users, the channel fadings, and the various source transmission powers. The upper and lower approximations of data success probabilities are derived using the stochastic geometry theory for the cooperative energy and data transfer system. The optimal time allocation between the wireless energy transfer and the data transmission is investigated to maximize the system area throughput. Numerical and simulation results are provided to validate our theoretical analysis and show the dependence of system performance on various parameter settings. The results can provide the guidelines for the deployment of the energy harvesting cooperative communication system.
Software Defined Radio Implementation of a QPSK Modulator/Demodulator in an Extensive Hardware Platform Based on FPGAs Xilinx ZYNQ

Corresponding Author: Vitor Chaves de Oliveira Electrical Engineering Faculty, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo/SP, CEP 01302-907, Brazil Email: vitor_chaves_oliveira@yahoo.com.br Abstract: Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology enables wireless devices deployment with support to multiple interfaces in modulation formats and it has gained importance due to the current wireless standards proliferation. In order to activate these functionalities it is necessary to apply SDR inside a reconfigurable hardware such as the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this study, design procedures developments are presented resulting in a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulator/demodulator based on a hardware architecture of the Xilinx FPGA Zynq family. Also in the modem’s conception it was employed the Xilinx Vivado-tool combined with Matlab, Simulink and development with ISE/EDK apparatuses. As for the reconfigurable hardware platform applied to this, it was utilized the ZedBoard along with the Analog Devices FMCCOMMS1 radio module. In addition, it is noteworthy to indicate that the entire software-hardware solution was initially carried out through a simulation that achieved the system scheme, including the hardware platform, before any hard implementation of the QPSK modem itself. The central goal in this investigation is to fully demonstrate how to construct a feasible radio system through software as close to the state of the art as possible.
Revision of Neoclassical Facial Canons in Young Adult Afro-Americans

The validity of seven neoclassical facial canons was tested in 100 young, adult, Afro-American (A-A) males and females, and the results were compared with 103 North American Caucasians, producing the first reliable information about the differences of facial proportions in the two populations. Although the canons should not be regarded as strict directives in reconstructive and esthetic surgery, the data obtained from the study offered the first information about the facial proportion qualities of Afro-Americans in relation to the white population. In the absence of a detailed facial proportion study in A-As, the findings in canons can assist in planning the surgery. Comparison of the two populations revealed that the three sections of the facial profile were not equal in either population. In an A-A sample it showed the prevalence of the long lower face height also in relation to the height of the forehead. In horizontal canons of the orbital regions, the similarity between the two populations was demonstrated by the great frequency of intercanthal spaces to be wider than the length of the palpebral fissures [1]. The facial canons, including the nose width, relatively wider [2] in A-A than in white subjects, prompted the difference between A-A and Caucasians in frequency and degree in the dominant canon variations. The greater inclination of the nasal bridge than that of the medial longitudinal axis of the ear was a very frequent canon variation in both populations. Generally, the frequency of valid canons was greatly surpassed by their variations.