LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The End of Elsewhere: Writing Modernity Now

LET ME CONFESS MY BIASES at the start: In my view, modernity is not a trope, theory, project, or destination, or if it sometimes seems to be all these things, it is never these things alone. It is instead a condition, historically produced over three centuries around the globe in processes of change that have not ended yet.1 Modernity is not optional in history, in that societies could not simply “choose” another regime of historicity for themselves, for such is the tyranny of modern times.2 Nor is modernity dispensable in history-writing, especially for those who work on the recent past in what some still call “the rest of the world,” which many now would emend to “the world,” period. While not unitary or universal, the modern possesses commonalities across time and space, however differently it is experienced in different places. These commonalities are substantial enough to render impossible any truly “alternative” modernities, as attractive as such an idea may be to critics of Eurocentric models masquerading as universal norms, of whom I am one. The notion of “multiple modernities,” too, only helps to shift our attention away from singularity to the plural inflections of the modern experience, which is importantly diverse but not endlessly multiple: it is sad but true that not every country gets the modernity it wants or deserves.3 The common “grammar of modernity” encompasses such elements as the nationstate, whose numbers have proliferated from fifty at the beginning of the twentieth century to nearly two hundred today, and which appears not likely soon to dissolve, globalization notwithstanding.4 Other institutional commonalities include social shifts in massified urban and disrupted communal life and the insistence, if some-
Theoretical study of aerobic oxidation of alcohols over Au38 nanocluster by a two-step-modeling approach

Abstract Au nanoclusters, stabilized by PVP, catalyze the aerobic oxidation of p -HBA. In this study, its principal reaction route was analyzed using Au 38 . First, the arrangements of substrates, including ligands, were estimated. Next, these ligands were replaced with negative point charge of −1, and each system was re-optimized. The results obtained from these models exhibited the same tendency for the two reaction pathways. By estimating the electron density transfers between the substrates and oxidants, it was suggested that the electron affinity of the active oxygen species and Au NC is a good index for determining the main reaction pathways.
Text mining in a digital library

Digital librarians strive to add value to the collections they create and maintain. One way is through selectivity: a carefully chosen set of authoritative documents in a particular topic area is far more useful to those working in the area than a huge, unfocused collection (like the Web). Another is by augmenting the collection with highquality metadata, which supports activities of searching and browsing in a uniform and useful way. A third way, and our topic here, is to enrich the documents by examining their content, extracting information, and using it to enhance the ways they can be located and presented. Text mining is a burgeoning new field that attempts to glean meaningful information from natural-language text. It may be loosely characterized as the process of analyzing text to extract information that is useful for particular purposes. It most commonly targets text whose function is the communication of factual information or opinions, and the motivation for trying to extract information from such text automatically is compelling – even if success is only partial. “Text mining” (sometimes called “text data mining”; [4]) defies tight definition but encompasses a wide range of activities: text summarization; document retrieval; document clustering; text categorization; language identification; authorship ascription; identifying phrases, phrase structures, and key phrases; extracting “entities” such as names, dates, and abbreviations; locating acronyms and their definitions; filling predefined templates with extracted information; and even learning rules from such templates [8]. Techniques of text mining have much to offer digital libraries and their users. Here we describe the marriage of a widely used digital library system (Greenstone) with a development environment for text mining (GATE) to enrich the library reader’s experience. The work is in progress: one level of integration has been demonstrated and another is planned. The project has been greatly facilitated by the fact that both systems are publicly available under the GNU public license – and, in addition, this means that the benefits gained by leveraging text mining techniques will accrue to all Greenstone users.
Atom-by-atom spectroscopy at graphene edge

The properties of many nanoscale devices are sensitive to local atomic configurations, and so elemental identification and electronic state analysis at the scale of individual atoms is becoming increasingly important. For example, graphene is regarded as a promising candidate for future devices, and the electronic properties of nanodevices constructed from this material are in large part governed by the edge structures. The atomic configurations at graphene boundaries have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy, but the electronic properties of these edge states have not yet been determined with atomic resolution. Whereas simple elemental analysis at the level of single atoms can now be achieved by means of annular dark field imaging or electron energy-loss spectroscopy, obtaining fine-structure spectroscopic information about individual light atoms such as those of carbon has been hampered by a combination of extremely weak signals and specimen damage by the electron beam. Here we overcome these difficulties to demonstrate site-specific single-atom spectroscopy at a graphene boundary, enabling direct investigation of the electronic and bonding structures of the edge atoms—in particular, discrimination of single-, double- and triple-coordinated carbon atoms is achieved with atomic resolution. By demonstrating how rich chemical information can be obtained from single atoms through energy-loss near-edge fine-structure analysis, our results should open the way to exploring the local electronic structures of various nanodevices and individual molecules.
The effect of Cognitive Style Analysis (CSA) test on achievement: A meta-analytic review

Abstract Riding's (1991) Cognitive Style Analysis test has been a popular UK test of the verbal–imagery and wholistic–analytic cognitive style dimensions. Researchers have claimed numerous academic advantages for these style dimensions, but the direction of the effects is inconsistent. A meta-analysis was therefore conducted that used the CSA along with an academic outcome measure. While 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, only 15 provided sufficient information for statistical analysis. The studies included five experimental and 10 observational studies and involved participants in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The results show no clear academic achievement advantage for either the verbal–imagery cognitive style dimension or the wholistic–analytic cognitive style dimension, regardless of the learning task or environment. While the final sample of included studies was relatively small the results of this meta-analysis suggest that the relationship between the CSA's cognitive style dimensions and academic achievement, if any, is likely to be negligible.
Optimal Adaptive Cruise Control with Guaranteed String Stability

Chi-Ying Liang Huei Peng Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Michigan 2272 G.G. Brown Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA hpeng@umich.edu TEL: (734) 936-0352 FAX: (734) 647-3170 Abstract A two-level Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) synthesis method is presented in this paper. At the upper level, desired vehicle acceleration is computed based on vehicle range and range rate measurement. At the lower (servo) level, an adaptive control algorithm is designed to ensure the vehicle follows the upper level acceleration command accurately. It is shown that the servo-level dynamics can be included in the overall design and string stability can be guaranteed. In other words, the proposed control design produces minimum negative impact on surrounding vehicles. The performance of the proposed ACC algorithm is examined by using a microscopic simulation program—ACCSIM created at the University of Michigan. The architecture and basic functions of ACCSIM are described in this paper. Simulation results under different ACC penetration rate and actuator/engine bandwidth are reported.
Lichen planopilaris: Epidemiology and prevalence of subtypes - a retrospective analysis in 104 patients.

BACKGROUND
Management of patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is rendered difficult as robust epidemiologic data, insights on pathogenesis, associated diseases, possible relevance of concomitant medications or environmental factors are lacking.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Retrospective analysis of demography, skin status, concomitant medication and diagnostic procedures were performed on 104 medical records (71 classic LPP, 32 FFA, and one Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome).


RESULTS
Women were more often affected (distribution F: M classic LPP 4.9: 1; FFA: 31: 1). Compared to LPP patients, patients with FFA were significantly older (p < 0.001), more often postmenopausal, and more frequently on hormone replacement therapy. No other specific associations were identified. An association with lichen planus, other autoimmune diseases, or hepatitis virus infection was found only in individual patients. Clinically, FFA patients were significantly more often reported to have reduced eyebrows (p < 0.005), axillary, and/or pubic hair (p = 0.050).


CONCLUSIONS
The findings obtained from this study, with currently largest LPP/FFA patient cohort in Germany, encouraged us to set up a national FFA patient registry. Prospective data collected from larger numbers of patients with standardized questionnaires will help to assess assumed associations and influencing factors and to develop, in the long-term, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.
The in vivo adherence intervention for at risk adolescents with asthma: report of a randomized pilot trial.

OBJECTIVE
Low-income and minority adolescents are at high risk for poor asthma outcomes, due in part to adherence. We tested acceptability, feasibility, and effect sizes of an adherence intervention for low socioeconomic status (SES) minority youth with moderate- and severe-persistent asthma. Design and Methods Single-site randomized pilot trial: intervention (n = 12; asthma education, motivational interviewing, problem-solving skills training, 1 month cell-phone with tailored text messaging) versus control (n = 14; asthma education; cell-phone without tailored messaging). Calculated effect-sizes of relative change from baseline (1 and 3 months).


RESULTS
Intervention was judged acceptable and feasible by participants. Participants (12-18 years, mean = 15.1, SD = 1.67) were 76.9% African-American, 80.7% public/no insurance. At 1 and 3 months, asthma symptoms (Cohen's d's = 0.40, 0.96) and HRQOL (PedsQL™; Cohen's d's = 0.23, 1.25) had clinically meaningful medium to large effect sizes.


CONCLUSIONS
This intervention appears promising for at-risk youth with moderate- and severe-persistent asthma.
A randomized controlled trial of a parent training and emotion socialization program for families of hyperactive preschool-aged children.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a parent training and emotion socialization program designed specifically for hyperactive preschoolers. Participants were 31 preschool-aged children whose parents were randomly assigned to a parent training (PT) or waitlist (WL) control group. PT parents took part in a 14-week parenting program that involved teaching parenting strategies for managing hyperactive and disruptive behavior as well as emotion socialization strategies for improving children's emotion regulation. Compared to WL mothers, PT mothers reported significantly less child inattention, hyperactivity, oppositional defiance, and emotional lability; were observed using significantly more positive and less negative parenting; and reported significantly less maternal verbosity and unsupportive emotion socialization practices. Results provide some support for the effectiveness of this parenting program for reducing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and associated problems in preschool-aged children.
Rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury in active duty military personnel and veterans: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center randomized controlled trial of two rehabilitation approaches.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the relative efficacy of 2 different acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation approaches: cognitive didactic versus functional-experiential, and secondarily to determine relative efficacy for different patient subpopulations.


DESIGN
Randomized, controlled, intent-to-treat trial comparing 2 alternative TBI treatment approaches.


SETTING
Four Veterans Administration acute inpatient TBI rehabilitation programs.


PARTICIPANTS
Adult veterans or active duty military service members (N=360) with moderate to severe TBI.


INTERVENTIONS
One and a half to 2.5 hours of protocol-specific cognitive-didactic versus functional-experiential rehabilitation therapy integrated into interdisciplinary acute Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities-accredited inpatient TBI rehabilitation programs with another 2 to 2.5 hours daily of occupational and physical therapy. Duration of protocol treatment varied from 20 to 60 days depending on the clinical needs and progress of each participant.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The 2 primary outcome measures were functional independence in living and return to work and/or school assessed by independent evaluators at 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcome measures consisted of the FIM, Disability Rating Scale score, and items from the Present State Exam, Apathy Evaluation Scale, and Neurobehavioral Rating Scale.


RESULTS
The cognitive-didactic and functional-experiential treatments did not result in overall group differences in the broad 1-year primary outcomes. However, analysis of secondary outcomes found differentially better immediate posttreatment cognitive function (mean+/-SD cognitive FIM) in participants randomized to cognitive-didactic treatment (27.3+/-6.2) than to functional treatment (25.6+/-6.0, t332=2.56, P=.01). Exploratory subgroup analyses found that younger participants in the cognitive arm had a higher rate of returning to work or school than younger patients in the functional arm, whereas participants older than 30 years and those with more years of education in the functional arm had higher rates of independent living status at 1 year posttreatment than similar patients in the cognitive arm.


CONCLUSIONS
Results from this large multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-didactic and functional-experiential approaches to brain injury rehabilitation indicated improved but similar long-term global functional outcome. Participants in the cognitive treatment arm achieved better short-term functional cognitive performance than patients in the functional treatment arm. The current increase in war-related brain injuries provides added urgency for rigorous study of rehabilitation treatments. (http://ClinicalTrials.gov ID# NCT00540020.).
Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants.

BACKGROUND
In countries with a high seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV infection contributes significantly to infant mortality. We investigated antiretroviral-treatment strategies in the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy (CHER) trial.


METHODS
HIV-infected infants 6 to 12 weeks of age with a CD4 lymphocyte percentage (the CD4 percentage) of 25% or more were randomly assigned to receive antiretroviral therapy (lopinavir-ritonavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine) when the CD4 percentage decreased to less than 20% (or 25% if the child was younger than 1 year) or clinical criteria were met (the deferred antiretroviral-therapy group) or to immediate initiation of limited antiretroviral therapy until 1 year of age or 2 years of age (the early antiretroviral-therapy groups). We report the early outcomes for infants who received deferred antiretroviral therapy as compared with early antiretroviral therapy.


RESULTS
At a median age of 7.4 weeks (interquartile range, 6.6 to 8.9) and a CD4 percentage of 35.2% (interquartile range, 29.1 to 41.2), 125 infants were randomly assigned to receive deferred therapy, and 252 infants were randomly assigned to receive early therapy. After a median follow-up of 40 weeks (interquartile range, 24 to 58), antiretroviral therapy was initiated in 66% of infants in the deferred-therapy group. Twenty infants in the deferred-therapy group (16%) died versus 10 infants in the early-therapy groups (4%) (hazard ratio for death, 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11 to 0.51; P<0.001). In 32 infants in the deferred-therapy group (26%) versus 16 infants in the early-therapy groups (6%), disease progressed to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C or severe stage B (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.41; P<0.001). Stavudine was substituted for zidovudine in four infants in the early-therapy groups because of neutropenia in three infants and anemia in one infant; no drugs were permanently discontinued. After a review by the data and safety monitoring board, the deferred-therapy group was modified, and infants in this group were all reassessed for initiation of antiretroviral therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Early HIV diagnosis and early antiretroviral therapy reduced early infant mortality by 76% and HIV progression by 75%. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00102960.)
Effects of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial substrate utilization early after coronary artery bypass grafting.

AIMS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on systemic and coronary haemodynamics and myocardial substrate utilization of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, after coronary artery bypass grafting.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Twenty-three low-risk patients were included in this randomized and double-blind study. They received placebo (n = 8), 8 (n = 8) or 24 (n = 7) micrograms.kg-1 of levosimendan after coronary artery bypass operation. Systemic and coronary sinus haemodynamics with thermodilution and myocardial substrate utilization were measured. The heart rate increased 11 beats.min-1 after the higher dose (P < 0.05). Cardiac output increased by 0.7 and 1.61.min-1 (P < 0.05 for both) after 8 and 24 micrograms.kg-1 of levosimendan, respectively. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly after both doses. Coronary sinus blood flow increased by 28 and 42 ml/(P = 0.054 for the combined effect) after the lower and higher dose, respectively. Myocardial oxygen consumption or substrate extractions did not change statistically significantly.


CONCLUSION
Despite improved cardiac performance, levosimendan did not increase myocardial oxygen consumption or change myocardial substrate utilization. Thus levosimendan has the potential to treat low cardiac output states after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Randomised phase II trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with chronic arm lymphoedema after radiotherapy for cancer.

BACKGROUND
A non-randomised phase II study suggested a therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on arm lymphoedema following adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer, justifying further investigation in a randomised trial.


METHODS
Fifty-eight patients with ≥ 15% increase in arm volume after supraclavicular ± axillary radiotherapy (axillary surgery in 52/58 patients) were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to HBO (n=38) or to best standard care (n=20). The HBO group breathed 100% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres absolute for 100 min on 30 occasions over 6 weeks. Primary endpoint was ipsilateral limb volume expressed as a percentage of contralateral limb volume. Secondary endpoints included fractional removal rate of radioisotopic tracer from the arm, extracellular water content, patient self-assessments and UK SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire.


FINDINGS
Of 53/58 (91.4%) patients with baseline assessments, 46 had 12-month assessments (86.8%). Median volume of ipsilateral limb (relative to contralateral) at baseline was 133.5% (IQR 126.0-152.3%) in the control group, and 135.5% (IQR 126.5-146.0%) in the treatment group. Twelve months after baseline the median (IQR) volume of the ipsilateral limb was 131.2% (IQR 122.7-151.5%) in the control group and 133.5% (IQR 122.3-144.9%) in the treatment group. Results for the secondary endpoints were similar between randomised groups.


INTERPRETATION
No evidence has been found of a beneficial effect of HBO in the treatment of arm lymphoedema following primary surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer.
3-D Snake Robot Motion: Nonsmooth Modeling, Simulations, and Experiments

A nonsmooth (hybrid) 3-D mathematical model of a snake robot (without wheels) is developed and experimentally validated in this paper. The model is based on the framework of nonsmooth dynamics and convex analysis that allows us to easily and systematically incorporate unilateral contact forces (i.e., between the snake robot and the ground surface) and friction forces based on Coulomb's law of dry friction. Conventional numerical solvers cannot be employed directly due to set-valued force laws and possible instantaneous velocity changes. Therefore, we show how to implement the model for numerical treatment with a numerical integrator called the time-stepping method. This method helps to avoid explicit changes between equations during simulation even though the system is hybrid. Simulation results for the serpentine motion pattern lateral undulation and sidewinding are presented. In addition, experiments are performed with the snake robot ldquoAikordquo for locomotion by lateral undulation and sidewinding, both with isotropic friction. For these cases, back-to-back comparisons between numerical results and experimental results are given.
Molecular aspects of age-related cognitive decline: the role of GABA signaling.

Alterations in inhibitory interneurons contribute to cognitive deficits associated with several psychiatric and neurological diseases. Phasic and tonic inhibition imparted by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors regulates neural activity and helps to establish the appropriate network dynamics in cortical circuits that support normal cognition. This review highlights basic science demonstrating that inhibitory signaling is altered in aging, and discusses the impact of age-related shifts in inhibition on different forms of memory function, including hippocampus-dependent spatial reference memory and prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent working memory. The clinical appropriateness and tractability of select therapeutic candidates for cognitive aging that target receptors mediating inhibition are also discussed.