LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
FitLoc: Fine-Grained and Low-Cost Device-Free Localization for Multiple Targets Over Various Areas

Many emerging applications driven the fast development of the device-free localization DfL technique, which does not require the target to carry any wireless devices. Most current DfL approaches have two main drawbacks in practical applications. First, as the pre-calibrated received signal strength RSS in each location i.e., radio-map of a specific area cannot be directly applied to the new areas, the manual calibration for different areas will lead to a high human effort cost. Second, a large number of RSS are needed to accurately localize the targets, thus causes a high communication cost and the areas variety will further exacerbate this problem. This paper proposes FitLoc, a fine-grained and low cost DfL approach that can localize multiple targets over various areas, especially in the outdoor environment and similar furnitured indoor environment. FitLoc unifies the radio-map over various areas through a rigorously designed transfer scheme, thus greatly reduces the human effort cost. Furthermore, benefiting from the compressive sensing theory, FitLoc collects a few RSS and performs a fine-grained localization, thus reduces the communication cost. Theoretical analyses validate the effectivity of the problem formulation and the bound of localization error is provided. Extensive experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of FitLoc.
How mindfulness changed my sleep: focus groups with chronic insomnia patients

BACKGROUND
Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem affecting approximately 10% of adults. Use of meditation and yoga to develop mindful awareness ('mindfulness training') may be an effective approach to treat chronic insomnia, with sleep outcomes comparable to nightly use of prescription sedatives, but more durable and with minimal or no side effects. The purpose of this study was to understand mindfulness training as experienced by patients with chronic insomnia, and suggest procedures that may be useful in optimizing sleep benefits.


METHODS
Adults (N = 18) who completed an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program as part of a randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate MBSR as a treatment for chronic insomnia were invited to participate in post-trial focus groups. Two groups were held. Participants (n = 9) described how their sleep routine, thoughts and emotions were affected by MBSR and about utility (or not) of various mindfulness techniques. Groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis.


RESULTS
Four themes were identified: the impact of mindfulness on sleep and motivation to adopt a healthy sleep lifestyle; benefits of mindfulness on aspects of life beyond sleep; challenges and successes in adopting mindfulness-based practices; and the importance of group sharing and support. Participants said they were not sleeping more, but sleeping better, waking more refreshed, feeling less distressed about insomnia, and better able to cope when it occurred. Some participants experienced the course as a call to action, and for them, practicing meditation and following sleep hygiene guidelines became priorities. Motivation to sustain behavioral changes was reinforced by feeling physically better and more emotionally stable, and seeing others in the MBSR class improve. The body scan was identified as an effective tool to enable falling asleep faster. Participants described needing to continue practicing mindfulness to maintain benefits.


CONCLUSIONS
First-person accounts are consistent with published trial results of positive impacts of MBSR on sleep measured by sleep diary, actigraphy, and self-report sleep scales. Findings indicate that mindfulness training in a group format, combined with sleep hygiene education, is important for effective application of MBSR as a treatment for chronic insomnia.
Spectral reflectance of coral reef bottom-types worldwide and implications for coral reef remote sensing

Coral reef benthic communities are mosaics of individual bottom-types that are distinguished by their taxonomic composition and functional roles in the ecosystem. Knowledge of community structure is essential to understanding many reef processes. To develop techniques for identification and mapping of reef bottom-types using remote sensing, we measured 13,100 in situ optical reflectance spectra (400–700 nm, 1-nm intervals) of 12 basic reef bottom-types in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans: fleshy (1) brown, (2) green, and (3) red algae; non-fleshy (4) encrusting calcareous and (5) turf algae; (6) bleached, (7) blue, and (8) brown hermatypic coral; (9) soft/gorgonian coral; (10) seagrass; (11) terrigenous mud; and (12) carbonate sand. Each bottom-type exhibits characteristic spectral reflectance features that are conservative across biogeographic regions. Most notable are the brightness of carbonate sand and local extrema near 570 nm in blue (minimum) and brown (maximum) corals. Classification function analyses for the 12 bottom-types achieve mean accuracies of 83%, 76%, and 71% for full-spectrum data (301-wavelength), 52-wavelength, and 14-wavelength subsets, respectively. The distinguishing spectral features for the 12 bottom-types exist in well-defined, narrow (10–20 nm) wavelength ranges and are ubiquitous throughout the world. We reason that spectral reflectance features arise primarily as a result of spectral absorption processes. Radiative transfer modeling shows that in typically clear coral reef waters, dark substrates such as corals have a depth-of-detection limit on the order of 10–20 m. Our results provide the foundation for design of a sensor with the purpose of assessing the global status of coral reefs. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
An evaluation of reading comprehension of expository text in adults with traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE
This project was conducted to obtain information about reading problems of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and to investigate how these readers respond to reading comprehension strategy prompts integrated into digital versions of text.


METHOD
Participants from 2 groups, adults with TBI (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15), read 4 different 500-word expository science passages linked to either a strategy prompt condition or a no-strategy prompt condition. The participants' reading comprehension was evaluated using sentence verification and free recall tasks.


RESULTS
The TBI and control groups exhibited significant differences on 2 of the 5 reading comprehension measures: paraphrase statements on a sentence verification task and communication units on a free recall task. Unexpected group differences were noted on the participants' prerequisite reading skills. For the within-group comparison, participants showed significantly higher reading comprehension scores on 2 free recall measures: words per communication unit and type-token ratio. There were no significant interactions.


CONCLUSION
The results help to elucidate the nature of reading comprehension in adults with TBI with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and endorse further evaluation of reading comprehension strategies as a potential intervention option for these individuals. Future research is needed to better understand how individual differences influence a person's reading and response to intervention.
Multifaceted Feature Visualization: Uncovering the Different Types of Features Learned By Each Neuron in Deep Neural Networks

We can better understand deep neural networks by identifying which features each of their neurons have learned to detect. To do so, researchers have created Deep Visualization techniques including activation maximization, which synthetically generates inputs (e.g. images) that maximally activate each neuron. A limitation of current techniques is that they assume each neuron detects only one type of feature, but we know that neurons can be multifaceted, in that they fire in response to many different types of features: for example, a grocery store class neuron must activate either for rows of produce or for a storefront. Previous activation maximization techniques constructed images without regard for the multiple different facets of a neuron, creating inappropriate mixes of colors, parts of objects, scales, orientations, etc. Here we introduce an algorithm that explicitly uncovers the multiple facets of each neuron by producing a synthetic visualization of each of the types of images that activate a neuron. We also introduce regularization methods that produce state-of-the-art results in terms of the interpretability of images obtained by activation maximization. By separately synthesizing each type of image a neuron fires in response to, the visualizations have more appropriate colors and coherent global structure. Multifaceted feature visualization thus provides a clearer and more comprehensive description of the role of each neuron. Proceedings of the 33 rd International Conference on Machine Learning, New York, NY, USA, 2016. JMLR: W&CP volume 48. Copyright 2016 by the author(s). Figure 1. Top: Visualizations of 8 types of images (feature facets) that activate the same “grocery store” class neuron. Bottom: Example training set images that activate the same neuron, and resemble the corresponding synthetic image in the top panel.
Vision: The Case for Symbiosis in the Internet of Things

Smart devices are becoming more powerful with faster processors, larger storage, and different types of communication modalities (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, and cellular). In the predominant view of Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, all smart devices are expected to communicate with cloud services and/or user-held mobile devices for processing, storage, and user interaction. This architecture heavily taxes Internet bandwidth by moving large volumes of data from the edge to the cloud, and presumes the availability of low-cost, high-performance cloud services that satisfy all user needs. We envision a new approach where all devices within the same network are 1) logically mesh connected either directly through Bluetooth or indirectly through WiFi, and 2) cooperate in a symbiotic fashion to perform different tasks. We consider instantiating this vision in a system we call SymbIoT. We first present the design goals that need to be satisfied in SymbIoT. We then discuss a strawman system's architecture that allows devices to assume different roles based on their capabilities (e.g., processing, storage, and UI). Finally, we show that it is, indeed, feasible to use low-end smart device capabilities in a cooperative manner to meet application requirements.
Estimating Consumers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Over-The-Counter Analgesic Medication in Greece in the Years of Financial Crisis: The Case of Paracetamol

INTRODUCTION
Non-prescription over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are widely used by patients to control aches, pain, and fever. One of the most frequently used OTC medications worldwide is paracetamol (acetaminophen). The aim of the present study was to fill the current knowledge gap regarding the beliefs and attitudes of people in Greece associated with the use of paracetamol during the years of financial crisis.


METHODS
The present study employed a sample of individuals visiting community pharmacies in the second largest city of Greece, Thessaloniki. All participants anonymously answered a questionnaire regarding their beliefs and characteristics of paracetamol consumption. Their answers were then statistically analyzed.


RESULTS
The generic paracetamol compound was shown to be more well known than the original. A significant percentage of participants, ranging between 9.9% and 33.7%, falsely believed that certain medications [mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] contained paracetamol. Participants' age, level of education, and gender were shown to be predictive of this false belief. Additionally, 11.1% of participants believed that the maximum allowed daily dose of paracetamol was higher than the correct one. Better educated individuals were less likely to consume alcohol in parallel with paracetamol (odd ratio 0.230, 95% confidence interval 0.058-0.916, P = 0.037).


CONCLUSION
Paracetamol is commonly used, both in its original and generic forms. However, a significant number of individuals confuse it with NSAIDs. Age, level of education, and gender are important determinants of the characteristics of paracetamol consumption. It seems that patients prefer to take paracetamol on their own decision during the financial crisis.
Effects of 6 months exercise training on ventricular remodelling and autonomic tone in patients with acute myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of 6 months exercise training on ventricular remodelling and autonomic tone in patients with acute myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention.


DESIGN
Single-blinded randomized control trial.


PARTICIPANTS
Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention.


METHODS
The exercise group followed a 6-month supervised exercise programme, while the control group received routine recommendations. All patients underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 6 months.


RESULTS
Three patients in the exercise group did not complete the programme. At 6 months follow-up, an improvement was seen in the exercise group compared with the control group regarding peak VO2 (p<0.01), Powermax (p<0.05), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (p<0.01), time to reach anaerobic threshold (p<0.05), heart rate recovery (p<0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (p<0.01) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.05).


CONCLUSION
Six months exercise training in patients with acute myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention with mild ventricular systolic dysfunction could prevent ventricular remodelling to a certain extent, and favourable modulating sympatho-vagal balance may be an important mechanism.
Temporal Dynamics of Avian Populations during Pleistocene Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequences

Global climate fluctuations have significantly influenced the distribution and abundance of biodiversity. During unfavorable glacial periods, many species experienced range contraction and fragmentation, expanding again during interglacials. An understanding of the evolutionary consequences of both historical and ongoing climate changes requires knowledge of the temporal dynamics of population numbers during such climate cycles. Variation in abundance should have left clear signatures in the patterns of intraspecific genetic variation in extant species, from which historical effective population sizes (N(e)) can be estimated. We analyzed whole-genome sequences of 38 avian species in a pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC, [5]) framework to quantitatively reveal changes in N(e) from approximately 10 million to 10 thousand years ago. Significant fluctuations in N(e) over time were evident for most species. The most pronounced pattern observed in many species was a severe reduction in N(e) coinciding with the beginning of the last glacial period (LGP). Among species, N(e) varied by at least three orders of magnitude, exceeding 1 million in the most abundant species. Several species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species showed long-term reduction in population size, predating recent declines. We conclude that cycles of population expansions and contractions have been a common feature of many bird species during the Quaternary period, likely coinciding with climate cycles. Population size reduction should have increased the risk of extinction but may also have promoted speciation. Species that have experienced long-term declines may be especially vulnerable to recent anthropogenic threats.
Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Antennas Based on Negative Order Resonance

Miniaturized waveguide slot antennas using negative order resonance are proposed and developed in this paper. The design of these novel resonant-type antennas is based on the study of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) starting from the dispersion diagram and the equivalent circuit. These proposed CRLH resonators are realized by etching the interdigital slot on the surface of the SIW. The slot acts as a series capacitor as well as a radiator leading to a CRLH antenna application. Two types of slot antennas, which are open-ended and short-ended, respectively, are proposed and discussed. The short-ended antenna, which represents a quasi-quarter-wavelength resonator, is characterized by a cavity-backed slot antenna thus providing a high gain. On the other hand, the open-ended antenna exhibits a small size owing to a quasi-half-wavelength operation in the left-handed (LH) region. Four antennas with one or two unit cells are fabricated and measured. Compared with the existing CRLH patch antennas and waveguide slot antennas, our antennas show advantages in terms of simplicity, low-profile, high efficiency, easy fabrication and integration with other circuits.
The burden of physical activity-related ill health in the UK.

BACKGROUND
Despite evidence that physical inactivity is a risk factor for a number of diseases, only a third of men and a quarter of women are meeting government targets for physical activity. This paper provides an estimate of the economic and health burden of disease related to physical inactivity in the UK. These estimates are examined in relation to current UK government policy on physical activity.


METHODS
Information from the World Health Organisation global burden of disease project was used to calculate the mortality and morbidity costs of physical inactivity in the UK. Diseases attributable to physical inactivity included ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, breast cancer, colon/rectum cancer and diabetes mellitus. Population attributable fractions for physical inactivity for each disease were applied to the UK Health Service cost data to estimate the financial cost.


RESULTS
Physical inactivity was directly responsible for 3% of disability adjusted life years lost in the UK in 2002. The estimated direct cost to the National Health Service is pound 1.06 billion.


CONCLUSION
There is a considerable public health burden due to physical inactivity in the UK. Accurately establishing the financial cost of physical inactivity and other risk factors should be the first step in a developing national public health strategy.
Mediterranean diet reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids: one-year randomized, clinical trial.

UNLABELLED
The PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial showed that Mediterranean diets (MedDiets) supplemented with either extravirgin olive oil or nuts reduced cardiovascular events, particularly stroke, compared with a control, lower fat diet. The mechanisms of cardiovascular protection remain unclear. We evaluated the 1-year effects of supplemented MedDiets on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, and lipids. Randomized, parallel-design, controlled trial was conducted in 2 PREDIMED sites. Diets were ad libitum, and no advice on increasing physical activity or reducing sodium intake was given. Participants were 235 subjects (56.5% women; mean age, 66.5 years) at high cardiovascular risk (85.4% with hypertension). Adjusted changes from baseline in mean systolic BP were -2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.0 to -0.5) mm Hg and -2.6 (95% CI, -4.3 to -0.9) mm Hg in the MedDiets with olive oil and the MedDiets with nuts, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI, -0.1 to 3.5) mm Hg in the control group (P<0.001). Respective changes in mean diastolic BP were -1.2 (95% CI, -2.2 to -0.2), -1.2 (95% CI, -2.2 to -0.2), and 0.7 (95% CI, -0.4 to 1.7) mm Hg (P=0.017). Daytime and nighttime BP followed similar patterns. Mean changes from baseline in fasting blood glucose were -6.1, -4.6, and 3.5 mg/dL (P=0.016) in the MedDiets with olive oil, MedDiets with nuts, and control diet, respectively; those of total cholesterol were -11.3, -13.6, and -4.4 mg/dL (P=0.043), respectively. In high-risk individuals, most with treated hypertension, MedDiets supplemented with extravirgin olive oil or nuts reduced 24-hour ambulatory BP, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Wireless network for health monitoring: heart rate and temperature sensor

In the field of human health, collecting real-time data is vital. A system that can remotely monitor heart rate and body temperature is presented in this paper. The data was collected from a group of volunteers using the sensors developed by the research team to test the system. The Arduino micro-controller is programmed to transmit the data securely to a remote PC station using an XBee wireless network for display and storage. Power consumption by the system was minimized by activating the sensors when a command from a remote PC is received.
Factors influencing a nurse's decision to question medication administration in a neonatal clinical care unit.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence nurse's decisions to question concerning aspects of medication administration within the context of a neonatal clinical care unit.


BACKGROUND
Medication error in the neonatal setting can be high with this particularly vulnerable population. As the care giver responsible for medication administration, nurses are deemed accountable for most errors. However, they are recognised as the forefront of prevention. Minimal evidence is available around reasoning, decision making and questioning around medication administration. Therefore, this study focuses upon addressing the gap in knowledge around what nurses believe influences their decision to question.


DESIGN
A critical incident design was employed where nurses were asked to describe clinical incidents around their decision to question a medication issue. Nurses were recruited from a neonatal clinical care unit and participated in an individual digitally recorded interview.


RESULTS
One hundred and three nurses participated between December 2013-August 2014. Use of the constant comparative method revealed commonalities within transcripts. Thirty-six categories were grouped into three major themes: 'Working environment', 'Doing the right thing' and 'Knowledge about medications'.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight factors that influence nurses' decision to question issues around medication administration. Nurses feel it is their responsibility to do the right thing and speak up for their vulnerable patients to enhance patient safety. Negative dimensions within the themes will inform planning of educational strategies to improve patient safety, whereas positive dimensions must be reinforced within the multidisciplinary team.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The working environment must support nurses to question and ultimately provide safe patient care. Clear and up to date policies, formal and informal education, role modelling by senior nurses, effective use of communication skills and a team approach can facilitate nurses to appropriately question aspects around medication administration.