LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Fiber-Reinforced Filling Composite and Conventional Restorative Materials

OBJECTIVES.: The aim was to investigate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to a short glass fibers reinforced semi-IPN polymer matrix composite resin. The effect of surface roughness on adhesion was also studied. For comparison, different commercial restorative materials were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Experimental composite FC resin was prepared by mixing 22.5 wt% of short E-glass fibers, 22.5 wt% of IPN-resin and 55 wt% of silane treated silica fillers using high speed mixing machine. Three direct composite resins (Z250, Grandio and Nulite), resin-modified glass ionomers (Fuji II LC), amalgam (ANA 2000), fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) (everStick and Ribbond), and pre-fabricated ceramic filling insert (Cerana class 1) were tested in this study. Enamel and dentin were used as controls. The specimens (n=3/group) with or without saliva were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans allowing initial adhesion to occur. For the enumeration of cells on the disc surfaces as colony forming units (CFU) the vials with the microbe samples were thoroughly Vortex-treated and after serial dilutions grown anaerobically for 2 days at +37 degrees C on Mitis salivarius agars (Difco) containing bacitracin. Bacterial adhesion was also evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness (Ra) of the materials was also determined using a surface profilometer. All results were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS.: Composite FC resin and other commercial restorative materials showed similar adhesion of S. mutans, while adhesion to dentin and enamel was significantly higher (p<0.05). Surface roughness had no effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating significantly decreased the adhesion for all materials (p<0.05). Composite FC resin had a significantly higher Ra value than control groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS.: Short fiber-reinforced composite with semi-IPN polymer matrix revealed similar S. mutans adhesion than commercial restorative materials.
Subjective Ratings of Robot Video Clips for Human Likeness , Familiarity , and Eeriness : An Exploration of the Uncanny Valley

Masahiro Mori observed that as robots come to look more humanlike, they seem more familiar, until a point is reached at which subtle deviations from human norms cause them to look creepy. He referred to this dip in familiarity and corresponding surge in strangeness as the uncanny valley. The eerie sensation associated with a mismatch between human expectations and a robot’s behavior provides a useful source of feedback to improve the cognitive models implemented in the robot. Is the uncanny valley a necessary property of near-humanlike forms? This paper contributes to ongoing work in understanding the nature and causes of the uncanny valley by means of an experiment: 56 participants were asked to rate 13 robots and 1 human, shown in video clips, on a very mechanical (1) to very humanlike (9) scale, a very strange (1) to very familiar (9) scale, and a not eerie (0) to extremely eerie (10) scale. Contrary to earlier studies with morphs [MacDorman and Ishiguro, 2006], plots of average and median values for ratings on these scales do not reveal a single U-shaped valley as predicted by Mori’s uncanny valley hypothesis [1970], although his hypothesis allows for some variation owing to movement. Robots rated similarly on the mechanical versus humanlike scale can be rated quite differently on the strange versus familiar or the eeriness scales. The results indicate that the perceived human likeness of a robot is not the only factor determining the perceived familiarity, strangeness, or eeriness of the robot. This suggests that other factors could be manipulated to vary the familiarity, strangeness, or eeriness of a robot independently of its human likeness. Introduction To build robots that at least superficially approach human likeness is leading to insights in human perception and face-to-face interaction. These android robots possess the physical presence that simulated characters lack, yet can be more perfectly controlled than any human actor, to isolate the factor under study. Even in experiments in which the android’s responses are identical, we can observe how human responses vary according to their beliefs. For example, Japanese participants showed the same modesty with their eyes by averting gaze downward when interacting with an android as when interacting with a human interlocutor if they believed the android were under human control by telepresence [MacDorman et al., 2005]. In addition, androids provide an ideal testing ground for theories from the social and cognitive sciences because competing models can be implemented in an android and then tested by letting the android interact with industrial robot humanoid robot
Deriving respiration from photoplethysmographic pulse width

A method for deriving respiration from the pulse photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal is presented. This method is based on the pulse width variability (PWV), and it exploits the respiratory information present in the pulse wave velocity and dispersion. It allows to estimate respiration signal from only a pulse oximeter which is a cheap and comfortable sensor. Evaluation is performed over a database containing electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), PPG, and respiratory signals simultaneously recorded in 17 subjects during a tilt table test. Respiratory rate estimation error is computed obtaining of 1.27 ± 7.81 % (0.14 ± 14.78 mHz). For comparison purposes, we have also obtained a respiratory rate estimation from other known methods which involve ECG, BP, or also PPG signals. In addition, we have also combined respiratory information derived from different methods which involve only PPG signal, obtaining a respiratory rate error of −0.17 ± 6.67 % (−2.16 ± 12.69 mHz). The presented methods, PWV and combination of PPG derived respiration methods, avoid the need of ECG to derive respiration without degradation of the obtained estimates, so it is possible to have reliable respiration rate estimates from just the PPG signal.
An Ontology for Software

The domain of software is a primary candidate for being formalized in an ontology. On the one hand, the domain is sufficiently complex with different paradigms (e.g., object orientation) and different aspects (e.g., security, legal information, interface descriptions, etc.). On the other hand, the domain is sufficiently stable, i.e., new paradigms and aspects occur rather seldom. Capturing this stable core in a reference ontology for software can be fruitful in order to prevent modeling from scratch. For example, the approaches described in the Chapter “Ontologies and Software Engineering” introduce individual formalizations of at least one paradigm or aspect although they share basic principles. In this chapter, we present such a reference ontology for software, called the Core Software Ontology, which formalizes common concepts in the software engineering realm, such as data, software with its different shades of meaning, classes, methods, etc. As we cannot possibly formalize a complete and comprehensive view of software, the Core Software Ontology is designed for extensibility in different directions. In order to demonstrate the extensibility, the chapter presents three examples of how to extend the core ontology with the notions of libraries, policies, and software components. The reference nature of such an ontology makes it important to clarify the intended meanings of its concepts and associations. Otherwise, users often have a hard time untangling the intended meanings. The prevailing type of ontologies, namely ones which are lightweight and quite often reduced to simple taxonomies, are not eligible for this purpose because they exhibit the following shortcomings (as identified in [10]):
Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Preclinical studies suggest that exogenous surfactant may be of value in the treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and two phase 2 clinical trials have shown a trend toward benefit. We conducted two phase 3 studies of a protein-containing surfactant in adults with ARDS.


METHODS
In two multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials involving 448 patients with ARDS from various causes, we compared standard therapy alone with standard therapy plus up to four intratracheal doses of a recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant given within a period of 24 hours.


RESULTS
The overall survival rate was 66 percent 28 days after treatment, and the median number of ventilator-free days was 0 (68 percent range, 0 to 26); there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation. Patients receiving surfactant had a significantly greater improvement in blood oxygenation during the initial 24 hours of treatment than patients receiving standard therapy, according to both univariate and multivariate analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of exogenous surfactant in a heterogeneous population of patients with ARDS did not improve survival. Patients who received surfactant had a greater improvement in gas exchange during the 24-hour treatment period than patients who received standard therapy alone, suggesting the potential benefit of a longer treatment course.
Delay in ACL reconstruction is associated with more severe and painful meniscal and chondral injuries

The goal of our study was to investigate the associations between surgical delay, pain and meniscus, and articular cartilage lesions seen at the time of ACL reconstruction. One hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients who had received ACL reconstruction were recruited. The preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires, and cartilage and meniscal lesions seen at the time of surgery were analysed. Patients with surgery within 12 months were less likely to have meniscus injury (59.8/77.4 %, p = 0.032), and the meniscus injury was more likely to be salvageable. (56.3/36.0 %, p = 0.042). Patients with meniscal tear larger than 10 mm had higher pain intensity than tear <10 mm (mean 6.8/8.2, p = 0.007). Patients older than 35 years of age were more likely to suffer from cartilage injury (76.4/39.1 %, p = 0.004). Patients with cartilage lesions had longer surgical delay (mean 18.9/12.1 months, p = 0.033). The presence of meniscal tear increased the risk of cartilage lesions (p = 0.038, OR = 2.14). Patients with cartilage lesions had a greater pain frequency (mean 6.9/7.7, p = 0.048). Moderate correlation was found between the size of cartilage lesion and the frequency of pain (p = 0.013). Increased surgical delay was associated with an increased incidence of meniscus and articular cartilage injuries in patients suffering from ACL tear; also, the meniscus was less likely to be salvageable. The presence of cartilage lesions was associated with an increased frequency of pain. Size of meniscal and cartilage lesions was significantly associated with pain. Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
Experiments on authorship attribution by intertextual distance in English

How can it be said that texts are "near" or "distan t" from one another? Are different texts by a single author more similar tha n texts by different authors? To answer these questions, a method is proposed by com bination of the calculus of intertextual distance with automatic clustering and tree-classification. A blind test and some additional experiments show that this method offers an interesting tool for non-traditional authorship attribution.
How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND
Healthcare organisations monitor patient experiences in order to evaluate and improve the quality of care. Because nurses spend a lot of time with patients, they have a major impact on patient experiences. To improve patient experiences of the quality of care, nurses need to know what factors within the nursing work environment are of influence. The main focus of this research was to comprehend the views of Dutch nurses on how their work and their work environment contribute to positive patient experiences.


METHODS
A descriptive qualitative research design was used to collect data. Four focus groups were conducted, one each with 6 or 7 registered nurses in mental health care, hospital care, home care and nursing home care. A total of 26 nurses were recruited through purposeful sampling. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.


RESULTS
The nurses mentioned essential elements that they believe would improve patient experiences of the quality of nursing care: clinically competent nurses, collaborative working relationships, autonomous nursing practice, adequate staffing, control over nursing practice, managerial support and patient-centred culture. They also mentioned several inhibiting factors, such as cost-effectiveness policy and transparency goals for external accountability. Nurses feel pressured to increase productivity and report a high administrative workload. They stated that these factors will not improve patient experiences of the quality of nursing care.


CONCLUSIONS
According to participants, a diverse range of elements affect patient experiences of the quality of nursing care. They believe that incorporating these elements into daily nursing practice would result in more positive patient experiences. However, nurses work in a healthcare context in which they have to reconcile cost-efficiency and accountability with their desire to provide nursing care that is based on patient needs and preferences, and they experience a conflict between these two approaches. Nurses must gain autonomy over their own practice in order to improve patient experiences.
Sociomaterial bricolage: The creation of location-spanning work practices by global software developers

Context: Studies on global software development have documented severe coordination and communication problems among coworkers due to geographic dispersion and consequent dependency on technology. These problems are exacerbated by increase in the complexity of work undertaken by global teams. However, despite these problems, global software development is on the rise and firms are adopting global practices across the board, raising the question: What does successful global software development look like and what can we learn from its practitioners? Objective: This study draws on practice-based studies of work to examine successful work practices of global software developers. The primary aim of this study was to understand how workers develop practices that allow them to function effectively across geographically dispersed locations. Method: An ethnographically-informed field study was conducted with data collection at two international locations of a firm. Interview, observation and archival data were collected. A total of 42 interviews and 3 weeks of observations were conducted. Results: Teams spread across different locations around the world developed work practices through sociomaterial bricolage. Two facets of technology use were necessary for the creation of these practices: multiplicity of media and relational personalization at dyadic and team levels. New practices were triggered by the need to achieve a work-life balance, which was disturbed by global development. Reflecting on my role as a researcher, I underscore the importance of understanding researchers’ own frames of reference and using research practices that mirror informants’ work practices. Conclusion: Software developers on global teams face unique challenges which necessitate a shift in their work practices. Successful teams are able to create practices that span locations while still being tied to location based practices. Inventive use of material and social resources is central to the creation of these
Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty versus drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of infrapopliteal long-segment arterial occlusive disease: the IDEAS randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to report the results of a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) versus drug-eluting stents (DES) in long infrapopliteal lesions.


BACKGROUND
DES have an established role in the treatment of short infrapopliteal lesions, whereas there is increasing evidence for the use of PCB in longer below-the-knee lesions.


METHODS
Inclusion criteria were patients with Rutherford classes 3 to 6 and angiographically documented infrapopliteal disease with a minimum lesion length of 70 mm. The primary endpoint was target lesion restenosis >50% assessed by digital angiography at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included immediate post-procedure stenosis and target lesion revascularization.


RESULTS
Fifty patients were randomized to undergo infrapopliteal PCB angioplasty (25 arteries in 25 limbs; PCB group) or primary DES placement (30 arteries in 27 limbs; DES group). Immediate residual post-procedure stenosis was significantly lower in DES (9.6 ± 2.2% vs. 24.8 ± 3.5% in PCB; p < 0.0001). At 6 months, 5 patients died (2 in PCB vs. 3 in DES; p = 1.00) and 3 suffered a major amputation (1 in PCB vs. 2 in DES; p = 1.00). In total, 44 angiograms were evaluable with quantitative vessel analysis. Binary (>50%) angiographic restenosis rate was significantly lower in DES (7 of 25 [28%] vs. 11 of 19 [57.9%] in PCB; p = 0.0457). There were no significant differences with regard to target lesion revascularization (2 of 26 [7.7%] in DES vs. 3 of 22 [13.6%] in PCB; p = 0.65). Positive vessel wall remodeling was observed in 3 cases in the PCB arm (3 of 19 [(15.8%)] vs. 0 of 19 [0%] in DES; p = 0.07).


CONCLUSIONS
Compared with PCB in long infrapopliteal lesions, DES are related with significantly lower residual immediate post-procedure stenosis and have shown significantly reduced vessel restenosis at 6 months. PCB may produce positive vessel remodeling. (Infrapopliteal Drug-Eluting Angioplasty Versus Stenting [IDEAS-I]; NCT01517997).
Randomized controlled trial of interval-compressed chemotherapy for the treatment of localized Ewing sarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.

PURPOSE
Chemotherapy with alternating vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide-etoposide cycles and primary tumor treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy constitute the usual approach to localized Ewing sarcoma in North America. We tested whether chemotherapy intensification through interval compression could improve outcome.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial for patients younger than 50 years old with newly diagnosed localized extradural Ewing sarcoma. Patients assigned to standard and intensified treatment were to begin chemotherapy cycles every 21 and 14 days, respectively, provided an absolute neutrophil count greater than 750×10(6)/L and a platelet count greater than 75×10(9)/L. Patients received vincristine (2 mg/m2), doxorubicin (75 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (1.2 g/m2) alternating with ifosfamide (9 g/m2) and etoposide (500 mg/m2) for 14 cycles, with filgrastim (5 mg/kg per day; maximum, 300 mg) between cycles. Primary tumor treatment (surgery, radiation, or both) was to begin at week 13 (after four cycles in the standard arm and six cycles in the intensified arm). The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS). The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT00006734).


RESULTS
Five hundred eighty-seven patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, and 568 patients were eligible, with 284 patients in each regimen. For all cycles, the median cycle interval for standard treatment was 21 days (mean, 22.45 days); for intensified treatment, the median interval was 15 days (mean, 17.29 days). EFS at a median of 5 years was 65% in the standard arm and 73% in the intensified arm (P=.048). The toxicity of the regimens was similar.


CONCLUSION
For localized Ewing sarcoma, chemotherapy administered every 2 weeks is more effective than chemotherapy administered every 3 weeks, with no increase in toxicity.
Body composition, muscle strength deficits and mobility limitations in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND
Chronicity of muscle weakness from cancer and its treatment may be problematic, particularly in those treated for cancer during childhood. We compared body composition, muscle strength, and mobility between 75 adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and expected values based on population normative data.


METHODS
Subjects were young adults treated for childhood ALL between 1970 and 1986, selected randomly from participants in an ongoing study of cancer survivors. DeXA scans were performed to evaluate body composition, and myometry used to measure strength. Mobility was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 2-min walk (TMW). One sample t-tests compared ALL survivors to population norms.


RESULTS
Males had 4.5% and females had 2.3% more body fat than expected (expected males 21.5%, females 36.0%). Males were 76.7 Newtons and females were 58.6 Newtons weaker in quadriceps strength than expected (expected males 569.87 N, females 464.67 N). Males walked 100.88 m and females walked 85.38 m less on the TMW (expected values: males 304.23 m, females 276.26 m), and took longer to complete the TUG (males 5.82 vs. 2.84 sec, females 5.88 vs. 3.00 sec) than expected. Treatment with cranial radiation and current growth hormone (GH) deficiency were associated with lower body weakness among females.


CONCLUSIONS
Young adult survivors of childhood ALL have strength and mobility deficits. Decreased strength may reduce ability to participate in physical activity, perpetuating fitness deficits in survivors of childhood ALL.
Supermembranes and super matrix models

We review recent developments in the theory of supermembranes and their relation to matrix models.
Recent Advances in Convolutional Neural Network Acceleration

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great performance in various fields such as image classification, pattern recognition, and multi-media compression. Two of the feature properties, local connectivity and weight sharing, can reduce the number of parameters and increase processing speed during training and inference. However, as the dimension of data becomes higher and the CNN architecture becomes more complicated, the end-to-end approach or the combined manner of CNN is computationally intensive, which becomes limitation to CNN’s further implementation. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to implement CNN in a faster way. In this paper, we first summarize the acceleration methods that contribute to but not limited to CNN by reviewing a broad variety of research papers. We propose a taxonomy in terms of three levels, i.e. structure level, algorithm level, and implementation level, for acceleration methods. We also analyze the acceleration methods in terms of CNN architecture compression, algorithm optimization, and hardware-based improvement. At last, we give a discussion on different perspectives of these acceleration and optimization methods within each level. The discussion shows that the methods in each level still have large exploration space. By incorporating such a wide range of disciplines, we expect to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers who are interested in CNN acceleration. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Design Concepts in Architecture: the Porosity Paradigm

Presented is a paradigm of how a design concept can be converted into a system of production rules to generate designs. The rules are expressed by the means of shape grammar formalism. The paradigm demonstrates how porosity a concept transferred from biology, medicine and organic chemistry was implemented by architect Steven Holl and his team in designing the 350-unit student residence Simmons Hall at MIT. In the presentation, spatial algebras, rule schemata and shape rules are used to capture Holl’s version of porosity.