LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
SCREENING IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL QED

We compute the quark-antiquark potential in three dimensional massive Quantum Electrodynamics. The result indicates that screening prevails for large quark masses, contrary to the classical expectations. The classical result is reproduced for small separation of the quarks.
Towards generating patient specific summaries of medical articles

The end users of medical digital libraries need quick access to information that is specific to the patients under their care. We present a summarization system that finds and extracts results from multiple medical journal articles returned by a search, filters results that match the patient and merges and orders the remaining facts for the summary. Our approach features an integration of text categorization, information extraction, information fusion and text reformulation for the summarization task.
Salvage chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and nedaplatin in patients with urothelial cancer who had received prior cisplatin-based therapy

Background and aims: The aim of the present phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and nedaplatin (PIN regimen) in patients with recurrent urothelial cancer who had been treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients/methods: Eligible patients were those with histologically confirmed urothelial cancer who had progressed or relapsed after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The PIN regimen consisted of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 on day 1; ifosfamide 4.5 g/m2 divided over days 1, 2, and 3; and nedaplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1; PIN was given every 28 days. Results: Among the 32 patients enrolled in the study (median age, 66 years), complete and partial responses were obtained in 5 patients and 19 patients, respectively, with an overall response rate of 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59–91%). The median time to progression was 8 months (range, 0–50+ months) and the median survival was 22 months (range, 4–52+ months). The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 53.7 and 42.9%, respectively. All patients experienced Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, while Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was seen in 8 patients; Grade 3 or 4 anemia was seen in 6 patients; Grade 3 neuropathy was observed in 1 patient, for whom the PIN therapy was discontinued. There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: The PIN combination was highly active and tolerable in previously treated patients with urothelial cancer as a second-line treatment.
Exploration of printing-friendly RFID antenna designs on paper substrates

Printed RFID antenna is a promising solution for itemlevel tagging applications. In order to integrate the antenna printing with the package printing process, it is highly preferred that antenna geometries are printed on paper substrates. However, the electromagnetic property and thickness of paper substrates are subject to change. Thus wideband and material-insensitive printed RFID antennas are desired. This paper presents an analytical model for wideband tag antenna designs. Two matching scenarios, i.e. single-tuned match and double-tuned match, are particularly discussed in detail. Two slim-line antennas printed on paper with screen printing technique are proposed. They benefit from the single-tuned/double-tuned bandwidth optimization and demonstrate a great potential in conductive ink saving. Influences of dielectrics on the bandwidth performance are also studied. It is demonstrated that the proposed double-tuned antenna can cover the whole UHF RFID band, and can tolerate a considerable variation in the permittivity like 1∼9 on thin paper substrates.
Randomized trial of critical time intervention to prevent homelessness after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the effectiveness of a previously tested model, critical time intervention (CTI), in producing an enduring reduction in the risk of homelessness for persons with severe mental illness who were discharged from inpatient psychiatric treatment facilities.


METHODS
A total of 150 previously homeless men and women with severe mental illness and who were discharged from inpatient psychiatric hospitalization to transitional residences on the hospital grounds were randomly assigned to receive usual care or usual care plus CTI at the point of discharge to the community. The nine-month intervention aims to gradually pass responsibility to community sources for providing ongoing support after the intervention ends, thereby leading to a durable reduction in risk of future homelessness. After participants were discharged from the transitional residence (length of stay six to 937 days), their housing status was assessed every six weeks for 18 months via participant self-report collected by interviewers blind to study condition.


RESULTS
In an intent-to-treat analysis, participants assigned to the CTI group had significantly less homelessness at the end of the follow-up period (the final three six-week intervals) than those assigned to the control group (odds ratio=.22, 95% confidence interval=.06-.88).


CONCLUSIONS
A relatively brief, focused intervention for persons with severe mental illness led to a reduction in the risk of homelessness that was evident nine months after the intervention ended. This work suggests that targeted, relatively short interventions applied at critical transition points may enhance the efficacy of long-term supports for persons with severe mental illness who are living in the community.
Abnormally long penis in children with vesical calculus.

Dear Editor, A 31-month-old boy was investigated for increased frequency of urination for the past 4 months. He voided a small quantity of urine every 20 to 30 min. However, other urinary symptoms such as pain, hematuria, and fever were conspicuously absent. His physical examination was unremarkable except for an abnormally long penis (Fig. 1). The penis in flaccid state measured 7 cm, and its stretched length was 9 cm (Fig. 2). This is approximately equal to the average penile length of Indian adults [1]. The stretched penis length expected for his age group, according to European standards, is 5.15±0.46 cm (range, 4.2 to 6 cm) [2]. A 4×3×3-cm calcium oxalate stone in the urinary bladder was diagnosed by plain radiograph, and the stone was surgically removed. Sensitized by this experience, I carefully observed the length of penis in two subsequent boys with vesical calculus. In both of them, penile length was slightly more than two standard deviations of the expected mean of age-matched penile length. It is possible that penile length is influenced by the presence of a bladder stone. In vesical calculus, pain is often referred to the tip of the penis. Therefore, young boys with a bladder stone are known to repeatedly pull and squeeze the penis in a futile attempt of alleviating pain [3]. Physical stretching of the penis or tumescence caused by repeated massage could be responsible for lengthening of the penis. This hypothesis is supported by a recent publication [4] wherein prolonged semi-erection of high-flow priapism in a prepubertal boy was shown to increase penile size. This interesting clinical observation definitely warrants further scientific studies. Confirmation of any correlation between penile length and vesical calculus will be truly fascinating as it will not only aid clinical diagnosis but also will widen our understanding of penis-lengthening procedures. Fig. 1 Clinical photograph of genitalia showing an abnormally long penis in a child with vesical calculus
CREDIT RISK MODELS II: STRUCTURAL MODELS

This report reviews the structural approach for credit risk modelling, both considering the case of a single firm and the case with default dependences between firms. In the single firm case, we review the Merton (1974) model and first passage models, examining their main characteristics and extensions. Liquidation process models extend first passage models to account for the possibility of a lengthy liquidation process which might or might not end up in default. Finally, we review structural models with state dependent cash flows (recession vs. expansion) or debt coupons (ratingbased). The estimation of structural models is addressed, covering the different ways proposed in the literature. In the second part of the text, we present some approaches to model default dependences between firms. They account for two types of default correlations: cyclical default correlation and contagion effects. We close the paper with a brief mention of factor models. The paper pretends to be a guide to the literature, providing a comprehensive list of references and, along the way, suggesting different possible extensions for its future development. JEL Codes:
Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Breast-Self Examination amongst Female Health Workers in A Nigerian Community

AIM : This study was designed to assess the awareness, knowledge and practice of breast-self examination amongst female health practitioners at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY : This study was conducted in the month of February,2008. One hundred health workers practicing in the hospital were selected by simple random sampling and interviewed with the aid of structured questionnaire by the author. Informed consent was obtained from each of the respondents. The information obtained included bio data of the respondents, awareness, knowledge and the practice of breast-self examination. The data obtained was collated and analyzed by SPSS soft ware version 12.0.1. RESULTS: Most respondents (94%) were aware of breast-self examination. Some of them (30%) knew the different methods for screening for breast cancer, however most of them (56%) knew that breast-self examination should be performed monthly. Majority of the respondents (80%) practiced breast-self examination even though only some (50%) practiced it monthly. CO CLUSIO : Majority of the respondents were aware of breast-self examination. Knowledge about screening methods for breast cancer was poor. The practice of breast self examination amongst females should be encouraged.
Red blood cell transfusion increases cerebral oxygen delivery in anemic patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Anemia is common after subarachnoid hemorrhage and may exacerbate the reduction in oxygen delivery (DO(2)) underlying delayed cerebral ischemia. The association between lower hemoglobin and worse outcome, including more cerebral infarcts, supports a role for red blood cell transfusion to correct anemia. However, the cerebral response to transfusion remains uncertain, because higher hemoglobin may increase viscosity and further impair cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the setting of vasospasm.


METHODS
Eight patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemoglobin <10 g/dL were studied with (15)O-positron emission tomography before and after transfusion of 1 U red blood cells. Paired t tests were used to analyze the change in global and regional CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and oxygen metabolism after transfusion. DO(2) was calculated from CBF and arterial oxygen content. CBF, oxygen metabolism, and DO(2) are reported in mL/100 g/min.


RESULTS
Transfusion resulted in a 15% rise in hemoglobin (8.7+/-0.8 to 10.0+/-1.0 g/dL) and arterial oxygen content (11.8+/-1.0 to 13.6+/-1.1 mL/dL; both P<0.001). Global CBF remained stable (40.5+/-8.1 to 41.6+/-9.9), resulting in an 18% rise in DO(2) from 4.8+/-1.1 to 5.7+/-1.4 (P=0.017). This was associated with a fall in oxygen extraction fraction from 0.49+/-0.11 to 0.41+/-0.11 (P=0.11) and stable oxygen metabolism. Rise in DO(2) was greater (28%) in regions with oligemia (low DO(2) and oxygen extraction fraction > or =0.5) at baseline but was attenuated (10%) within territories exhibiting angiographic vasospasm, where CBF fell 7%.


CONCLUSIONS
Transfusion of red blood cells to anemic patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage resulted in a significant rise in cerebral DO(2) without lowering global CBF. This was associated with reduced oxygen extraction fraction, which may improve tolerance of vulnerable brain regions to further impairments of CBF. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefit of transfusion on delayed cerebral ischemia and balance this against potential systemic and cerebral risks.
Effects of caffeine on the inflammatory response induced by a 15-km run competition.

PURPOSE
The objective of this study is as follows: 1) to determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on the inflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-10 levels and leukocyte numbers) induced by a 15-km run competition and 2) to examine the effect of caffeine supplementation on the energetic metabolites as well as on the exercise-induced oxidative stress.


METHODS
A double-blinded study of supplementation with caffeine was performed. Athletes participating in the study (n = 33) completed a 15-km run competition. Before competition, athletes took 6 mg · kg(-1) body weight of caffeine (caffeine group, n = 17) or a placebo (placebo group, n = 16). Blood samples were taken before and after competition (immediately and after 2-h recovery). Leukocyte numbers were determined in blood. Concentrations of oxidative stress markers, antioxidants, interleukins (IL-6 and IL-10), caffeine, adrenaline, and energetic metabolites were measured in plasma or serum.


RESULTS
Caffeine supplementation induced higher increases in circulating total leukocytes and neutrophils, with significant differences between groups after recovery. Adrenaline, glucose, and lactate levels increased after exercise, with higher increases in the caffeine group. Exercise induced significant increases in IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels, with higher increases in the caffeine group. Caffeine supplementation induced higher increases in oxidative stress markers after the competition.


CONCLUSION
Caffeine supplementation induced higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in response to exercise, enhancing the anti-inflammatory response. The caffeine-induced increase in adrenaline could be responsible for the higher increase in IL-6 levels, as well as for the increased lactate levels. Furthermore, caffeine seems to enhance oxidative stress induced by exercise.
MicroRNA Signature Distinguishes the Degree of Aggressiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has relatively indolent behavior, although some tumors recur and disseminate to distant sites. The aggressive biological behavior of PTC is difficult to predict. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in various tumors types, and some of them serve as markers of poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated miRNA expression as a marker of more aggressive behavior in PTC. miRNA array was used to identify a subset of differentially expressed miRNAs between aggressive and nonaggressive PTC. These miRNAs were further validated by real-time RT-PCR in a cohort of 17 PTC with local tumor recurrence or distant metastases and 15 PTC with no extrathyroidal dissemination and correlated with BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutations and MET expression. The miRNA array identified miR-146b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-155, miR-31 upregulation and miR-1, miR-34b, miR-130b, miR-138 downregulation in aggressive compared with nonaggressive PTC. Significant miRNA deregulation was confirmed in the validation cohort, with upregulation of miR-146b and miR-222 and downregulation of miR-34b and miR-130b seen in aggressive PTC. Among BRAF-positive tumors, miR-146b showed strong association with aggressive PTC. MET was identified as a potential target gene for 2 downregulated miRNAs (miR-34b and miR-1), and significantly higher level of MET expression was observed in aggressive PTC. We demonstrate that miR-146b, miR-222, miR-34b, miR-130b are differentially expressed in aggressive compared with nonaggressive PTC. Among BRAF-positive tumors, overexpression of miR-146b was associated with aggressive behavior, suggesting that it may further refine the prognostic importance of BRAF.
BiPV System Performance and Efficiency Drops: Overview on PV Module Temperature Conditions of Different Module Types☆

A typical problem of BiPV systems (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) is the power loss due to temperature increase, because modules often operate close to the building envelope with low ventilation. It is thus essential to properly evaluate and compare the PV temperature conditions of different PV module categories (in terms of PV technology and material type). Several explicit correlations exist for the evaluation of the PV module temperature, among which the simplest and most handy is a linear expression (i.e. Tmod=Tamb+k G) which links Tmod with the ambient temperature (Tamb) and the incident solar radiation flux (G). Within this expression the value of the dimensional parameter k, known as the Ross coefficient, depends on several aspects (i.e. module type, wind velocity and integration characteristics). However, dispersed values for this parameter can be found in literature (in the range of 0.02-0.06 K m/W) according to different module types, while more information are provided regarding different integration characteristics. This paper aims at giving an overview of the value of k for different module types according to monitored data registered over one year time period at the ABD-PV plant in Bolzano (Italy). The highest values of k, which means the highest module temperature at a certain G, are registered for the three glass-glass (G-G) module types (kTmod,c from 0.033 K m/W to 0.037 K m/W). The glass-tedlar (G-T) module types operate at slight lower temperature values (kTmod,c ranging from 0.029 K m/W to 0.032 K m/W). © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review by the scientific conference committee of SHC 2013 under responsibility of PSE AG. Building Integrated Photovoltaic; BiPV; PV temperature; PV modules; PV outdoor monitoring Author name / Energy Procedia 00 (2014) 000–000
Genital injuries following sexual assault of women with and without prior sexual intercourse experience.

BACKGROUND
The literature on sexual assault has not directly addressed the question of genital injuries in women without prior sexual intercourse experience. Given the paucity of research and the current importance of physical evidence in the criminal justice system, this study was designed to document the type and site of genital injuries from sexual assault in women without and with prior sexual intercourse experience.


METHODS
The charts were reviewed of 132 women who had been sexually assaulted and had sought medical treatment at the Sexual Assault Care Centre (SACC), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, within 10 days after the assault. Half (66) of the women reported that, at the time of the assault, they had no prior sexual intercourse experience. The Sexual Assault Evidence Kit in each patient's file was reviewed to ascertain the type and location of genital injuries. Types of injuries were classified into 3 categories (nonperforating soft-tissue injuries, lacerations or current bleeding) and locations into 6 categories (labia majora and minora, posterior fourchette and introitus, hymen, vagina, cervix, and anus).


RESULTS
Significantly more women without than with prior sexual intercourse experience had visible genital injuries (65.2% v. 25.8%, p < 0.01). However, of the women without prior experience, only 9.1% had hymenal perforation. Analyses of the data for only women with genital injuries indicated no difference between those without and those with prior sexual intercourse experience in the overall mean number of injured sites (1.65 and 1.47 respectively) or in the mean number of sites with nonperforating soft-tissue injuries (0.349 and 0.706), lacerations (0.953 and 0.471) and bleeding (0.279 and 0.294).


INTERPRETATION
The results suggest that genital injuries are more common in women without prior sexual intercourse experience but that substantial proportions of all women, regardless of their prior sexual experience at the time of assault, will not have visible genital injuries. Emergency department staff and members of the criminal justice system need to be aware of the variable presentation of genital trauma related to sexual assault in women with and without prior sexual intercourse experience.
Reducing the population's sodium intake: the UK Food Standards Agency's salt reduction programme.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the UK Food Standards Agency's (FSA) salt reduction programme undertaken between 2003 and 2010 and to discuss its effectiveness.


DESIGN
Relevant scientific papers, campaign materials and evaluations and consultation responses to the FSA's salt reduction programme were used.


SETTING
Adult salt intakes, monitored using urinary Na data collected from UK-wide surveys, indicate a statistically significant reduction in the population's average salt intake from 9·5 g/d in 2000-2001 to 8·6 g/d in 2008, which is likely to have health benefits.


SUBJECTS
Reducing salt intake will have an impact on blood pressure; an estimated 6 % of deaths from CHD in the UK can be avoided if the number of people with high blood pressure is reduced by 50 %.


RESULTS
Salt levels in food, monitored using commercial label data and information collected through an industry self-reporting framework, indicated that substantial reductions of up to 70 % in some foods had been achieved. The FSA's consumer campaign evaluation showed increased awareness of the benefits of reducing salt intake on health, with 43 % of adults in 2009 claiming to have made a special effort to reduce salt in their diet compared with 34 % of adults in 2004, before the campaign commenced.


CONCLUSIONS
The UK's salt reduction programme successfully reduced the average salt intake of the population and increased consumers' awareness. Significant challenges remain in achieving the population average salt intake of 6 g/d recommended by the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. However, the UK has demonstrated the success of its programme and this approach is now being implemented elsewhere in the world.
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity

Preface A note on conventions Part I. Introduction: 1. Historiographical introduction 2. The nature of the Arab conquest Part II. The Evolution of the Conquest Society: 3. The Sufyanid pattern, 661-84 [41-64] 4. Syria of 684 [64] 5. The Marwanid evolution, 684-744 [64-126] 6. The Marwanid faction 7. Syria of 744 [126] 8. Umayyad clientage Part III. The Failure of the Islamic Empire: 9. The abortive service aristocracy 10. The emergence of the slave soldiers 11. The emergence of the medieval polity Appendices Notes Bibliography General index Prosopographical index.