LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Organon for Theology: Whately's Rhetoric and Logic in Religious Context

Abstract This essay argues that Whateley9s rhetorical and logical theories are systematically related to his religious thought and the religious controversies in which he was involved. It analyzes Whately9s works on reasoning in light of his pertinent religious notions, namely, a distinction between true and nominal Christianity; rejection of idolatry; abrogation of Mosaic Law; the relationship of the empirical facts of God9s Creation and Revelation to human speculations; the priesthood of all believers; and the concomitant necessity of private judgment.
INTERNET USAGE AND STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI

This paper examines the extent of usage of Internet among NigerianUniversity undergraduate and how this has affected their performance. Internet is indeed a powerful tool for academics students and researchers. The Internet has been shown to influence the academic performance of students at the tertiary level. The influence of the Internet on academic performance as shown in available literature has shown that it could be positive and/or negative. A questionnaire was designed and administered to students in the Departments of Accountancy and Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 350 respondents returned the completed questionnaire. Three research questions were raised and were accordingly addressed. The paper was therefore of the opinion that if Internet Services are fully exploited, the performance of students in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria will improve.
Automatic Inference of Structural Changes for Matching across Program Versions

Mapping code elements in one version of a program to corresponding code elements in another version is a fundamental building block for many software engineering tools. Existing tools that match code elements or identify structural changes--refactorings and API changes--between two versions of a program have two limitations that we overcome. First, existing tools cannot easily disambiguate among many potential matches or refactoring candidates. Second, it is difficult to use these tools' results for various software engineering tasks due to an unstructured representation of results. To overcome these limitations, our approach represents structural changes as a set of high-level change rules, automatically infers likely change rules and determines method-level matches based on the rules. By applying our tool to several open source projects, we show that our tool identifies matches that are difficult to find using other approaches and produces more concise results than other approaches. Our representation can serve as a better basis for other software engineering tools.
Society of Interventional Radiology quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous vertebroplasty.

THE membership of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Standards of Practice Committee represents experts in a broad spectrum of interventional procedures from the private and academic sectors of medicine. Generally, Standards of Practice Committee members dedicate the vast majority of their professional time to performing interventional procedures; as such, they represent a valid, broad expert constituency of the subject matter under consideration for standards production. Technical documents specifying the exact consensus and literature review methodologies as well as the institutional affiliations and professional credentials of the authors of this document are available on request from the Society of Interventional Radiology, 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22030.
Central Sleep Apnoea Is Related to the Severity and Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relation of central sleep apnoea (CSA) to the severity and short-term prognosis of patients who experience acute coronary syndrome (ACS).


METHODS
Observational study with cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Patients acutely admitted to participating hospitals because of ACS underwent respiratory polygraphy during the first 24 to 72 h. CSA was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) >15 events•h-1 (>50% of central apnoeas). ACS severity (Killip class, ejection fraction, number of diseased vessels and peak plasma troponin) was evaluated at baseline, and short-term prognosis (length of hospitalization, complications and mortality) was evaluated at discharge.


RESULTS
A total of 68 CSA patients (AHI 31±18 events•h-1, 64±12 years, 87% males) and 92 controls (AHI 7±5 events•h-1, 62±12 years, 84% males) were included in the analyses. After adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension and smoking status, patients diagnosed with CSA spent more days in the coronary unit compared with controls (3.7±2.9 vs. 1.5±1.7; p<0.001) and had a worse Killip class (Killip I: 16% vs. 96%; p<0.001). No differences were observed in ejection fraction estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
CSA patients exhibited increased ACS severity as indicated by their Killip classification. These patients had a worse prognosis, with longer lengths of stay in the coronary care units. Our results highlight the relevance of CSA in patients suffering ACS episodes and suggest that diagnosing CSA may be a useful strategy to improve the management of certain ACS patients.
Assessing cancer patients' trust in their oncologist: development and validation of the Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS)

The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS), which aims to measure cancer patients' trust in their oncologist. Structure, reliability and validity were examined. Construction of the TiOS was based on a multidimensional theoretical framework. Cancer patients were surveyed within a week after their consultation. Trust, satisfaction, trust in health care, self-reported health and background variables were assessed. Dimensionality, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity were investigated. Data of 423 patients were included (response rate = 65%). After item reduction, the TiOS included 18 items. Trust scores were high. Exploratory factor analysis suggested one-dimensionality. Confirmatory factor analysis nevertheless indicated a reasonable fit of our four-dimensional theoretical model, distinguishing competence, fidelity, honesty and caring. Internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities were high. Good construct validity was indicated by moderate correlations of trust (TiOS) with satisfaction, trust in health care, willingness to recommend and number of consultations with the oncologist. Exploratory analyses suggested significant correlations of trust with ethnicity and age. The TiOS reliably and validly assesses cancer patients' trust in their oncologist. The questionnaire can be employed in both clinical practice and future research of cancer patients' trust.
The Global City: Strategic Site, New Frontier

The master images in the currently dominant account about economic globalization emphasize hypermobility, global communications, the neutralization of place and distance. There is a tendency in that account to take the existence of a global economic system as a given, a function of the power of transnational corporations and global communications. But the capabilities for global operation, coordination and control contained in the new information technologies and in the power of transnational corporations need to be produced. By focusing on the production of these capabilities we add a neglected dimension to the familiar issue of the power of large corporations and the new technologies. The emphasis shifts to the practices that constitute what we call economic globalization and global control: the work of producing and reproducing the organization and management of a global production system and a global marketplace for finance, both under conditions of economic concentration. A focus on practices draws the categories of place and production process into the analysis of economic globalization. These are two categories easily overlooked in accounts centered on the hypermobility of capital and the power of transnationals. Developing categories such as place and production process does not negate the centrality of hypermobility and power. Rather, it brings to the fore the reality that many of the resources necessary for global economic activities are not hypermobile and are, indeed, deeply embedded in place, notably places such as global cities and export processing zones.
Digital Transformation Strategies

In recent years, firms in almost all industries have conducted a number of initiatives to explore new digital technologies and to exploit their benefits. This frequently involves transformations of key business operations and affects products and processes, as well as organizational structures and management concepts. Companies need to establish management practices to govern these complex transformations. An important approach is to formulate a digital transformation strategy that serves as a central concept to integrate the entire coordination, prioritization, and implementation of digital transformations within a firm. The exploitation and integration of digital technologies often affect large parts of companies and even go beyond their borders, by impacting products, business processes, sales channels, and supply chains. Potential benefits of digitization are manifold and include increases in sales or productivity, innovations in value creation, as well as novel forms of interaction with customers, among others. As a result, entire business models can be reshaped or replaced (Downes and Nunes 2013). Owing to this wide scope and the far-reaching consequences, digital transformation strategies seek to coordinate and prioritize the many independent threads of digital transformation. To account for their company-spanning characteristics, digital transformation strategies cut across other business strategies and should be aligned with them (Fig. 1). While there are various concepts of IT strategies (Teubner 2013), these mostly define the current and the future operational activities, the necessary application systems and infrastructures, and the adequate organizational and financial framework for providing IT to carry out business operations within a company. Hence, IT strategies usually focus on the management of the IT infrastructure within a firm, with rather limited impact on driving innovations in business development. To some degree, this restricts the product-centric and customer-centric opportunities that arise from new digital technologies, which often cross firms’ borders. Further, IT strategies present systemcentric road maps to the future uses of technologies in a firm, but they do not necessarily account for the transformation of products, processes, and structural aspects that go along with the integration of technologies. Digital transformation strategies take on a different perspective and pursue different goals. Coming from a business-centric perspective, these strategies focus on the transformation of products, processes, and organizational aspects owing to new technologies. Their scope is more broadly designed and explicitly includes digital activities at the interface with or fully on the side of customers, such as Accepted after one revision by Prof. Dr. Sinz.
Effects of Vitamin D Intake on FEV 1 and COPD Exacerbation : A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D intake on COPD exacerbation and FEV1 in the patients with severe and very severe COPD. Methods: This double blind placebo control randomized clinical trial study was done in the Ashayer university hospital in Khorramabad in 2012. Eighty eight patients with severe and very severe COPD were randomly selected from those who recoursed to the internal medicine clinic of Ashayer hospital. They were randomly allocated to case and placebo group. The patients received routine treatment for COPD. Along with the routine treatment, placebo group received 100,000 IU of oral vitamin D per month, for 6 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer software, paired t-test, independent t-test, non parametric t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: In each group, there were 44 patients. After the intervention, there were significant differences in FEV1 and the number of COPD exacerbation between the case and control group patients. Also, after the study, in the case group, FEV1 was increased and the number of COPD exacerbation was decreased significantly. Conclusion: Vitamin D intake decreased COPD exacerbation and improved FEV1 in the patients with severe and very severe COPD. It is suggested that baseline serum vitamin D levels will recorded in similar studies and the effect of vitamin D intake will evaluated regarding the baseline serum vitamin D levels.
Semantic Approach for the Building of User Profile for Recommender System

The major problem in the use of the Web is that of searching for relevant information that meets the expectations of a user. This problem increases every day and especially with the emergence of web 2.0 or social web. Our paper, therefore, ignores the disadvantage of social web and operates it to rich user profile.
Dual Band-Notch Small Square Monopole Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth Characterestics for UWB Applications

─ This article proposes a novel printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband applications with dual band-notch function. The antenna consists of a square radiating patch with four rectangular slits and a ground plane with a pair of T-shaped parasitic structures, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 165% (2.79-14.83 GHz). In order to generate single band-notch characteristics, we use two rectangular slits in the corners of square radiating patch. By adding two rectangular slits in the center of the modified radiating patch, a dual band notch function is achieved and also by inserting a pair of T-shaped parasitic structures in the ground plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band-notch monopole antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with two notched bands, covering all the 5.2/5.8GHz WLAN, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX and 4GHz C bands. The designed antenna has a small size of 12×18 mm 2 . Index Terms ─ Dual band notch function, square monopole antenna, ultra-wideband (UWB) applications.
Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic Similarity in a Taxonomy

1. Please explain how this manuscript advances this field of research and/or contributes something new to the literature. They tackle the problem of semantic similarity based on the information content the concepts share. They combine the taxonomic structure with the empirical problem estimates which provides better way of adapting knowledge to multiple context concepts. They also try to find a solution to the multiple inheritance problems.
Genetic and hormonal sensitivity to threat : Testing a serotonin transporter genotype testosterone interaction

The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
An Evolutionary Theory of Commons Management

Our aim in this chapter is to draw lessons from current theory on the evolution of human cooperation for the management of contemporary commons. Evolutionary theorists have long been interested in cooperation but social scientists have documented patterns of cooperation in humans that present unusual problems for conventional evolutionary theory (and for rational choice explanations as well). Humans often cooperate with nonrelatives and are prone to cooperate in one-shot games. Cooperation is quite dependent on social institutions. We believe that this last fact is the critical clue to understanding human cooperation. Models of cultural evolution suggest that group selection is a more potent force on culture than on genes. Evolutionary theory is in essence a theory of preferences in terms of rational actor theory and is thus complementary to the bounded rational choice models that underpin so much theorizing in the social sciences. Thus, the theory suggests a source for prosocial impulses, and leads to predictions about the limits of human altruism and constraints likely to be imposed upon the evolution of social institutions. We also consider the dynamics of genes as they coevolved with increasingly sophisticated cultural institutions over the long course of human evolution in the Pleistocene. We hypothesize that the long exposure of human populations to group selected cultural norms and preferences is likely to have resulted in an innate psychology adapted to living in egalitarian, cooperative societies of a few hundred to a few thousand people. We call this the tribal social instincts hypothesis. The evolution of complex societies in the past few thousand years constitutes a series of natural experiments that test this hypothesis. If it is correct, the institutions of complex societies must somehow take advantage of the prosocial elements of the tribal instincts while finessing the problem that the tribal social instincts are ill adapted to life in large, hierarchical, inegalitarian societies with extensive dominance of subordinates by elites. We call this the work-arounds hypothesis. Much of the data collected by students of commons management institutions conforms well to the work-arounds hypothesis, thus lending credibility to the tribal instincts hypothesis. For example, much evidence suggests that efficient commons management is frequently provided by tribal-scale political entities embedded in complex societies. Many of the toughest problems in effective commons management involve dysfunctional vertical linkages between levels of organization. Evolutionary theory provides new tools to think about applied problems. For example, rates of adaptive institutional change are often painfully slow, and the theory highlights rate-limiting processes for possible designed intervention.
Root spatial metabolite profiling of two genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) reveals differences in response to short-term salt stress

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop and has excellent genetic and genomic resources. It is therefore a good model to study salt-tolerance mechanisms in cereals. We aimed to determine metabolic differences between a cultivated barley, Clipper (tolerant), and a North African landrace, Sahara (susceptible), previously shown to have contrasting root growth phenotypes in response to the early phase of salinity stress. GC-MS was used to determine spatial changes in primary metabolites in barley roots in response to salt stress, by profiling three different regions of the root: root cap/cell division zone (R1), elongation zone (R2), and maturation zone (R3). We identified 76 known metabolites, including 29 amino acids and amines, 20 organic acids and fatty acids, and 19 sugars and sugar phosphates. The maintenance of cell division and root elongation in Clipper in response to short-term salt stress was associated with the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids (i.e. proline), sugars (maltose, sucrose, xylose), and organic acids (gluconate, shikimate), indicating a potential role for these metabolic pathways in salt tolerance and the maintenance of root elongation. The processes involved in root growth adaptation and the underlying coordination of metabolic pathways appear to be controlled in a region-specific manner. This study highlights the importance of utilizing spatial profiling and will provide us with a better understanding of abiotic stress response(s) in plants at the tissue and cellular level.
Graduates from a reformed undergraduate medical curriculum based on Tomorrow's Doctors evaluate the effectiveness of their curriculum 6 years after graduation through interviews

BACKGROUND
In 1996 Liverpool reformed its medical curriculum from a traditional lecture based course to a curriculum based on the recommendations in Tomorrow's Doctors. A project has been underway since 2000 to evaluate this change. This paper focuses on the views of graduates from that reformed curriculum 6 years after they had graduated.


METHODS
Between 2007 and 2009 45 interviews took place with doctors from the first two cohorts to graduate from the reformed curriculum.


RESULTS
The interviewees felt like they had been clinically well prepared to work as doctors and in particular had graduated with good clinical and communication skills and had a good knowledge of what the role of doctor entailed. They also felt they had good self directed learning and research skills. They did feel their basic science knowledge level was weaker than traditional graduates and perceived they had to work harder to pass postgraduate exams. Whilst many had enjoyed the curriculum and in particular the clinical skills resource centre and the clinical exposure of the final year including the "shadowing" and A & E attachment they would have liked more "structure" alongside the PBL when learning the basic sciences.


CONCLUSION
According to the graduates themselves many of the aims of curriculum reform have been met by the reformed curriculum and they were well prepared clinically to work as doctors. However, further reforms may be needed to give confidence to science knowledge acquisition.
Tranexamic acid for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a randomized controlled pilot trial (ISRCTN50867461).

BACKGROUND
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be devastating, particularly if hematoma expansion (HE) occurs. Tranexamic acid (TA), an antifibrinolytic drug, significantly reduced mortality in bleeding patients after trauma in the large CRASH-2 trial. The CRASH-2 ICH substudy found that TA nonsignificantly reduced mortality and dependency in traumatic ICH. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of performing a randomized controlled trial of tranexamic acid in spontaneous ICH, ahead of a definitive study.


METHODS
We performed a single-center, prospective, randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled blinded endpoint trial of TA (intravenous 1 g bolus, 1 g infusion/8 h) in acute (<24 hours) spontaneous ICH. The primary objective was to test the feasibility of recruiting to the trial. Other objectives included tolerability (adverse events) and the effect of TA on HE and death and dependency.


RESULTS
The trial was feasible, with 24 patients enrolled (TA, n=16; placebo, n=8) between March 2011 and March 2012, and acceptable-only 3 patients declined to participate. All patients received the correct randomized treatment; 1 patient in the TA group did not complete the infusion because of neurologic deterioration. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes including adverse events, HE, death, and dependency. One patient in the TA group had a deep vein thrombosis .


CONCLUSIONS
This, the first randomized controlled trial of TA in ICH, found that the protocol could be delivered on schedule (2 patients/mo) and was feasible. Larger studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of TA in ICH.