LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
DisCo: Distributed Co-clustering with Map-Reduce: A Case Study towards Petabyte-Scale End-to-End Mining

Huge datasets are becoming prevalent; even as researchers, we now routinely have to work with datasets that are up to a few terabytes in size. Interesting real-world applications produce huge volumes of messy data. The mining process involves several steps, starting from pre-processing the raw data to estimating the final models. As data become more abundant, scalable and easy-to-use tools for distributed processing are also emerging. Among those, Map-Reduce has been widely embraced by both academia and industry. In database terms, Map-Reduce is a simple yet powerful execution engine, which can be complemented with other data storage and management components, as necessary. In this paper we describe our experiences and findings in applying Map-Reduce, from raw data to final models, on an important mining task. In particular, we focus on co-clustering, which has been studied in many applications such as text mining, collaborative filtering, bio-informatics, graph mining. We propose the distributed co-clustering (DisCo) framework, which introduces practical approaches for distributed data pre-processing, and co-clustering. We develop DisCo using Hadoop, an open source Map-Reduce implementation. We show that DisCo can scale well and efficiently process and analyze extremely large datasets (up to several hundreds of gigabytes) on commodity hardware.
Tail of Gravitational Radiation and Coulomb Final-State Interaction

We present a simple intuitive derivation of the corrections to the intensity of gravitational radiation due to the so-called tail effect.
Psychosocial development among adolescents with visual impairment

The psychosocial development of adolescents with visual impairment was studied in a group of 54 adolescents (40 boys, 14 girls) attending Finnish regular schools. Mean age was 14.0 (SD 0.87). The control group consisted of normally sighted adolescents of the same age level (N=385, 172 boys, 213 girls). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that the adolescent group with visual impairment did not differ from the control group in the frequency of depression, distress symptoms or in their relations with parents and siblings. Adolescents with visual impairment less often had many friends and dates with other young people than those without visual impairment. They also reported more often feelings of loneliness and difficulties in making friends. Self-esteem, school achievement and social skills were lower in girls with visual impairment than in the control girls. In summary, our results showed that the psychosocial developmental outcomes of many adolescents with visual impairment were similar to their peers without visual impairment. However, some adolescents with visual impairment, especially girls, need more support in their psychosocial development.
Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.

UNLABELLED
Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age of onset of psychosis (AOP). However, the reasons for this remain debated.


METHODS
We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to 410 first-episode psychosis patients to investigate the association between gender, patterns of cannabis use, and AOP.


RESULTS
Patients with a history of cannabis use presented with their first episode of psychosis at a younger age (mean years = 28.2, SD = 8.0; median years = 27.1) than those who never used cannabis (mean years = 31.4, SD = 9.9; median years = 30.0; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16-1.74; P < .001). This association remained significant after controlling for gender (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11-1.68; P < .001). Those who had started cannabis at age 15 or younger had an earlier onset of psychosis (mean years = 27.0, SD = 6.2; median years = 26.9) than those who had started after 15 years (mean years = 29.1, SD = 8.5; median years = 27.8; HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.84; P = .050). Importantly, subjects who had been using high-potency cannabis (skunk-type) every day had the earliest onset (mean years = 25.2, SD = 6.3; median years = 24.6) compared to never users among all the groups tested (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.50- 2.65; P < .0001); these daily users of high-potency cannabis had an onset an average of 6 years earlier than that of non-cannabis users.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.
Socio-demographic Factors Influencing Career Decision-making among Undergraduate Psychology Students in South Africa

The study explored the socio-demographic factors that anchor career choice among psychology students at the University of Venda in South Africa. Ex post facto research design was employed. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The chi-square and t-test were used to test differences in the data profiles. Response frequencies and corresponding percentages were calculated. Results showed that the participants attended rural-situated public schools. Most had either both parents with post secondary education or both parents with below secondary education. The majority of the participants made delayed career decisions. The participants were mainly influenced by parents, teachers and friends to choose psychology as a career. The most common method of funding was the bursary. The majority of students chose psychology after completing their secondary education. The present study needs to be replicated with a larger sample drawn from diverse academic disciplines and institutions of higher learning for generalisability of the findings. *Address for correspondence: Professor Regis Chireshe College of Education, Department of Further Teacher Education Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, City of Tshwane, P.O Box 392, UNISA 0003, South Africa E-mail: chirer@unisa.ac.za, chireshe@yahoo.co.uk INTRODUCTION Today, young people face a complex and rapidly changing society. It has been reported that regardless of great effort put forth by families, government agencies and non-government agencies, many young people encounter difficulties in the transition from the world of school to that of work (Atchoarena 2005; Nykanen et al. 2010). Investigating and better understanding the myriad factors that contribute to career choice is a topic of recurring interest in higher education. Some studies suggest that the factors that anchor career preferences include parental support (Wims 1994) and gender, socio-economic status (Mathombela 1997). To guide young people in their career decisionmaking, socio-demographic factors play a central role in this lifelong process. The factors include family, school, career guidance program, media and peers.
Component position alignment with patient-specific jigs in total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND
The failure to restore mechanical alignment and appropriate rotational axis intraoperatively has been described as one of the most common causes of implant failure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Both conventional and computer-assisted TKA have their limitations. Patient-specific jigs (PSJ) offer a possible alternative method for TKA. The aim of this study was to investigate if the use of PSJ offers reproducible and accurate orientation of the components in TKA compared with conventional and computer-assisted surgery.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective case series looking at 261 consecutive patients undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis using the Signature Patient Specific System (Biomet, North Ryde, NSW, Australia). Each patient underwent a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for planning. Using a computer software program, specialized femoral and tibial pin placement jigs were generated. Post-operative femoral and tibial component alignment was measured using computed tomography.


RESULTS
Of patients, 96.2% achieved femoral rotational alignment ±3 degrees of the transepicondylar axis. Tibial coronal alignment showed 92.7% of cases were 90 ± 3 degrees to the tibial medullary axis. Implant measurements of the posterior tibial slope demonstrated 76.6% of cases were within our accepted 0 to 7 degrees slope and 81.2% of patients had an overall mechanical axis within ±3 degrees of neutral. We also recorded femoral coronal alignment of the last 98 patients of our group and found that 99% were within 90 ± 3 degrees.


CONCLUSION
PSJ for TKA shows good accuracy in alignment when compared with conventional TKA. However, improvements in the development of the tibial alignment cutting guides will aid in further increasing its overall accuracy and reproducibility.
Self-management of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial of group cognitive-behavioural therapy

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for fatigue self-management, compared with groups receiving fatigue information alone, on fatigue impact among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


METHODS
Two-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial in adults with RA, fatigue ≥ 6/10 (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 0-10, high bad) and no recent change in RA medication. Group CBT for fatigue self-management comprised six (weekly) 2 h sessions, and consolidation session (week 14). Control participants received fatigue self-management information in a 1 h didactic group session. Primary outcome at 18 weeks was the impact of fatigue measured using two methods (Multi-dimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) 0-50; VAS 0-10), analysed using intention-to-treat analysis of covariance with multivariable regression models.


RESULTS
Of 168 participants randomised, 41 withdrew before entry and 127 participated. There were no major baseline differences between the 65 CBT and 62 control participants. At 18 weeks CBT participants reported better scores than control participants for fatigue impact: MAF 28.99 versus 23.99 (adjusted difference -5.48, 95% CI -9.50 to -1.46, p=0.008); VAS 5.99 versus 4.26 (adjusted difference -1.95, 95% CI -2.99 to -0.90, p<0.001). Standardised effect sizes for fatigue impact were MAF 0.59 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.03) and VAS 0.77 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.21), both in favour of CBT. Secondary outcomes of perceived fatigue severity, coping, disability, depression, helplessness, self-efficacy and sleep were also better in CBT participants.


CONCLUSIONS
Group CBT for fatigue self-management in RA improves fatigue impact, coping and perceived severity, and well-being.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN 32195100.
Evaluation of the comparative analgesic effectiveness of transdermal and oral opioids in cancer patients: a propensity score analysis.

BACKGROUND
Transdermal delivery systems containing fentanyl or buprenorphine, despite the relatively lack of comparative studies, have reached an impressive share of the market in several countries. In the context of a wider observational study, we applied the propensity score to test the comparative effectiveness of the two routes of administration (oral vs. transdermal).


METHODS
We applied the propensity score in a subgroup of patients (starting the World Health Organization third step therapy during the scheduled follow-up of 28 days) using pre-planned primary (pain intensity change) and secondary endpoints, such as increase in doses, need for switching and safety profile. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out.


RESULTS
Three-hundred sixty-six eligible cases were analysed. We found a difference among the two groups in terms of variables potentially associated with therapy choice and outcomes. After adjusting for propensity score, results were in favour of transdermal delivery systems for the primary endpoint (odds ratio 1.68; p = 0.04). A similar trend was also present for the other secondary endpoints. Only in the case of nausea and vomiting, patients receiving transdermal delivery systems reported a higher frequency of events.


CONCLUSION
The application of the propensity score has helped understand better the actual effectiveness of transdermal delivery systems that are at least equivalent to the oral opioids, and even more effective for pain intensity reduction.
Tracking resistance of nanocomposites of HDPE and TiO2 nanoparticles

Electrical tracking is a phenomenon that starts on the surface of materials subjected to high and divergent electrical field stress, causing deterioration in their insulation capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different particle sizes and concentrations of TiO2 filler (2 and 5 wt.%) in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites on the electrical tracking process. The nanocomposites, obtained by extrusion, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanocomposites with the lowest filler concentration (2 wt.%) presented the best dispersion in the HDPE matrix, as confirmed by SEM, and the best electrical tracking results compared to the nanocomposites with 5wt.% of TiO2. The unfilled HDPE and the nanocomposite containing 2wt.% TiO2 with the smallest particle size were submitted to accelerated aging in an ultraviolet light chamber. The nanocomposite before and after aging presented resistance to tracking greater than 2.5 kV, indicating the possibility of applying this material in accessories of power distribution networks, such as electrical polymer crossarms.
Learning Social Etiquette: Human Trajectory Understanding In Crowded Scenes

• New large-scale dataset publicly available • Better understanding of a target behaviors • Better prediction and tracking • [1] Yamaguchi, K., Berg, A.C., Ortiz, L.E., Berg, T.L.: Who are you with and where are you going? In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011 IEEE Conference on, IEEE (2011) 1345–1352 • [39] Yamaguchi, K., Berg, A.C., Ortiz, L.E., Berg, T.L.: Who are you with and where are you going? In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011 IEEE Conference on, IEEE (2011) 1345–1352 • [45] Trautman, P., Krause, A.: Unfreezing the robot: Navigation in dense, interacting crowds. In: Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, IEEE (2010) 797–803 Acknowledgments
Evaluation of individualized clopidogrel therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with high residual platelet reactivity: design and rationale of the GRAVITAS trial.

BACKGROUND
The inhibitory response to clopidogrel varies widely among individuals. Data suggest that patients with high residual platelet reactivity despite clopidogrel therapy are at greater risk for thrombotic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). The Gauging Responsiveness with A VerifyNow assay--Impact on Thrombosis And Safety (GRAVITAS) trial is designed to evaluate whether tailored clopidogrel therapy using a point-of-care platelet function assay reduces major adverse cardiovascular events after DES implantation.


STUDY DESIGN
GRAVITAS is an international, randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Approximately 2,800 patients with stable angina/ischemia or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI with DES will be enrolled. Patients with high residual platelet reactivity on clopidogrel therapy 12 to 24 hours post-PCI will be randomized to standard maintenance clopidogrel therapy (75 mg daily) or high-dose clopidogrel therapy (additional loading dose followed by 150 mg daily) for 6 months. A random sample of patients without high residual reactivity will be followed and treated with standard clopidogrel therapy for 6 months. The primary end point is the time to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or definite/probable stent thrombosis. Platelet function analyses will also be performed at 30 days and 6 months. Major safety end points include GUSTO severe and moderate bleeding unrelated to coronary artery bypass surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
GRAVITAS is the first large-scale clinical trial designed to examine whether adjustment of clopidogrel therapy on the basis of platelet function testing using a point-of-care assay safely improves outcomes after PCI with DES.
PIK3R1 mutations cause syndromic insulin resistance with lipoatrophy.

Short stature, hyperextensibility of joints and/or inguinal hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay (SHORT) syndrome is a developmental disorder with an unknown genetic cause and hallmarks that include insulin resistance and lack of subcutaneous fat. We ascertained two unrelated individuals with SHORT syndrome, hypothesized that the observed phenotype was most likely due to de novo mutations in the same gene, and performed whole-exome sequencing in the two probands and their unaffected parents. We then confirmed our initial observations in four other subjects with SHORT syndrome from three families, as well as 14 unrelated subjects presenting with syndromic insulin resistance and/or generalized lipoatrophy associated with dysmorphic features and growth retardation. Overall, we identified in nine affected individuals from eight families de novo or inherited PIK3R1 mutations, including a mutational hotspot (c.1945C>T [p.Arg649Trp]) present in four families. PIK3R1 encodes the p85α, p55α, and p50α regulatory subunits of class IA phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks), which are known to play a key role in insulin signaling. Functional data from fibroblasts derived from individuals with PIK3R1 mutations showed severe insulin resistance for both proximal and distal PI3K-dependent signaling. Our findings extend the genetic causes of severe insulin-resistance syndromes and provide important information with respect to the function of PIK3R1 in normal development and its role in human diseases, including growth delay, Rieger anomaly and other ocular affections, insulin resistance, diabetes, paucity of fat, and ovarian cysts.
Allergen stabilities and compatibilities in mixtures of high-protease fungal and insect extracts.

BACKGROUND
Current practice guidelines state that protease-rich fungal and insect extracts can be combined when preparing immunotherapy vaccines, but data supporting the stability of allergens in these mixtures have not been reported.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the stabilities and compatibilities of Alternaria alternata and German cockroach allergens in mixtures with other high-protease fungal and insect (cockroach, imported fire ant) extracts at final extract concentrations consistent with injection dose targets for maintenance immunotherapy.


METHODS
Mixtures containing Alternaria, German cockroach, and other fungal and insect extracts frequently included in immunotherapy vaccines were analyzed by a combination of quantitative analyses (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for multiallergen immunoglobulin E [IgE]-binding potency, major Alternaria allergen Alt a 1, and major German cockroach allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) and qualitative methods (immunoblotting). Mixtures and analogous single-extract controls containing 10 to 50% glycerin were evaluated after storage for up to 12 months at 2°C to 8°C.


RESULTS
Mixtures of extracts within the same phylogenetic groups (fungal-fungal, insect-insect) retained favorable Alternaria and German cockroach allergen levels and activities under most conditions examined. For several cross-taxonomic (fungal-insect) extract combinations at 10 to 25% glycerin concentrations, different immunochemical test methods measuring single (major) or multiple allergens yielded threefold to 10-fold variations in allergen recoveries.


CONCLUSION
Allergen compatibilities can be compromised in some fungal-insect extract mixtures, contrary to current immunotherapy practice parameter recommendations. Separation of these products into different treatment vials may be required to produce stable mixtures for subcutaneous immunotherapy. Data from assay methodologies with distinct binding specificities provide a critical assessment of allergen activities in high-protease extract mixtures.
Supply Chain Management Information Systems Critical Failure Factors

Effectively integrating the information and material flows within the demand and supply process is what supply chain management is all about. A supply chain management information system (SCMIS) is user-interfaced and designed to provide information and information processing capability to support the strategy, operations, management analysis, and decision-making functions in an organization's supply network. SCMIS provides high quality, relevant and timely information flow that effectively supports decision-making for inventory replenishment, capacity activation, and for synchronizing material flows at all tiers within the supply chain. In recent years, there have been some efforts on designing an efficient information system for supply chain management; but many of them have led to failure. The three main purposes of this paper are to (1) identify SCMIS and its characteristics, (2) introduce and categorize critical failure factors (CFFs) for SCM and SCMIS, and (3) investigate the explanatory power of these CFFs on the performance of supply channel processes performed through SCMIS
Stress management training for breast cancer surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the psychological effects of a pre-surgical stress management training (SMT) in cancer patients.


METHODS
Stress management training comprised four sessions in total: on 5 days and 1 day pre-surgery and on 2 days and 1 month post-surgery. Patients also received audio CDs with relaxation and coping skills exercises. Patients were randomly assigned to the SMT (N = 34) or a regular care condition (N = 36). Depression, anxiety, quality of life, perception of control, fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and surgery-related somatic symptoms were measured at Day 6 and Day 1 pre-surgery, and Day 2, 5, 30 and 90 post-surgery.


RESULTS
Depression and fatigue decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group, leading to significant group differences at Day 2 (fatigue) and Day 5 post-surgery (fatigue and depression). It also appeared that surgery-related symptoms had increased more in the control group 3 months post-surgery than in the SMT group. No intervention effects were observed for anxiety, pain, and sleep problems.


CONCLUSION
The use of a short psychological intervention is effective in reducing depression and fatigue in the post-surgical period, although the effects are of short duration.
iSeeYou: Disabling the MacBook Webcam Indicator LED

The ubiquitous webcam indicator LED is an important privacy feature which provides a visual cue that the camera is turned on. We describe how to disable the LED on a class of Apple internal iSight webcams used in some versions of MacBook laptops and iMac desktops. This enables video to be captured without any visual indication to the user and can be accomplished entirely in user space by an unprivileged (non-root) application. The same technique that allows us to disable the LED, namely reprogramming the firmware that runs on the iSight, enables a virtual machine escape whereby malware running inside a virtual machine reprograms the camera to act as a USB Human Interface Device (HID) keyboard which executes code in the host operating system. We build two proofs-of-concept: (1) an OS X application, iSeeYou, which demonstrates capturing video with the LED disabled; and (2) a virtual machine escape that launches Terminal.app and runs shell commands. To defend against these and related threats, we build an OS X kernel extension, iSightDefender, which prohibits the modification of the iSight’s firmware from user space.