LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Slicing Algorithm Using Nearest Distance Analysis for Layer Manufacturing

Although the STL (stereo lithography) file format is widely used as a de facto industry standard in the rapid prototyping industry due to its simplicity and ability to tessellation of almost all surfaces, but there are always some defects and shortcoming in their usage, which many of them are difficult to correct manually. In processing the complex models, size of the file and its defects grow extremely, therefore, correcting STL files become difficult. In this paper through optimizing the exiting algorithms, size of the files and memory usage of computers to process them will be reduced. In spite of type and extent of the errors in STL files, the tail-to-head searching method and analysis of the nearest distance between tails and heads techniques were used. As a result STL models sliced rapidly, and fully closed contours produced effectively and errorless. Keywords—Layer manufacturing, STL files, slicing algorithm, nearest distance analysis.
Field Experience With Performances Evaluation of a Single-Crystalline Photovoltaic Panel in an Underwater Environment

In this paper, the electrical and thermal performances of a single-crystalline submerged photovoltaic (PV) solar panel (SP2) is investigated. In particular, due to the presence of water, several phenomena occur such as the modification of solar-radiation spectrum and the reduction of the module operating temperature. These phenomena have different impacts on the global energy performance of the PV module, which depends on the environmental conditions, on the PV technology, and on the water depth. Energy performances of an SP2 module are measured using two different experimental setups in different environmental conditions, with an increase in power ranging from 10% to 15%.
Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE
The authors conducted a meta-analysis of relevant data from primary studies of the genetic epidemiology of major depression.


METHOD
The authors searched MEDLINE and the reference lists of previous review articles to identify relevant primary studies. On the basis of a review of family, adoption, and twin studies that met specific inclusion criteria, the authors derived quantitative summary statistics.


RESULTS
Five family studies met the inclusion criteria. The odds ratios for proband (subjects with major depression or comparison subjects) versus first-degree relative status (affected or unaffected with major depression) were homogeneous across the five studies (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio=2.84, 95% CI=2.31-3.49). No adoption study met the inclusion criteria, but the results of two of the three reports were consistent with genetic influences on liability to major depression. Five twin studies met the inclusion criteria, and their statistical summation suggested that familial aggregation was due to additive genetic effects (point estimate of heritability of liability=37%, 95% CI=31%-42%), with a minimal contribution of environmental effects common to siblings (point estimate=0%, 95% CI=0%-5%), and substantial individual-specific environmental effects/measurement error (point estimate=63%, 95% CI=58%-67%). The literature suggests that recurrence best predicts the familial aggregation of major depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Major depression is a familial disorder, and its familiality mostly or entirely results from genetic influences. Environmental influences specific to an individual are also etiologically significant. Major depression is a complex disorder that does not result from either genetic or environmental influences alone but rather from both. These findings are notably consistent across samples and methods and are likely to be generally applicable.
Application of PK/PD Modeling in Veterinary Field: Dose Optimization and Drug Resistance Prediction

Among veterinary drugs, antibiotics are frequently used. The true mean of antibiotic treatment is to administer dose of drug that will have enough high possibility of attaining the preferred curative effect, with adequately low chance of concentration associated toxicity. Rising of antibacterial resistance and lack of novel antibiotic is a global crisis; therefore there is an urgent need to overcome this problem. Inappropriate antibiotic selection, group treatment, and suboptimal dosing are mostly responsible for the mentioned problem. One approach to minimizing the antibacterial resistance is to optimize the dosage regimen. PK/PD model is important realm to be used for that purpose from several years. PK/PD model describes the relationship between drug potency, microorganism exposed to drug, and the effect observed. Proper use of the most modern PK/PD modeling approaches in veterinary medicine can optimize the dosage for patient, which in turn reduce toxicity and reduce the emergence of resistance. The aim of this review is to look at the existing state and application of PK/PD in veterinary medicine based on in vitro, in vivo, healthy, and disease model.
Predicting Quality of Service for Selection by Neighborhood-Based Collaborative Filtering

Quality-of-service-based (QoS) service selection is an important issue of service-oriented computing. A common premise of previous research is that the QoS values of services to target users are supposed to be all known. However, many of QoS values are unknown in reality. This paper presents a neighborhood-based collaborative filtering approach to predict such unknown values for QoS-based selection. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method has three new features: 1) the adjusted-cosine-based similarity calculation to remove the impact of different QoS scale; 2) a data smoothing process to improve prediction accuracy; and 3) a similarity fusion approach to handle the data sparsity problem. In addition, a two-phase neighbor selection strategy is proposed to improve its scalability. An extensive performance study based on a public data set demonstrates its effectiveness.
Impact of platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate before implantation of drug-eluting stents on subsequent adverse cardiac events in patients with stable angina.

BACKGROUND
Diverse pharmacological effects of anti-platelet thienopyridines due to individual differences in metabolism have been reported. However, an association between on-treatment platelet reactivity and adverse ischemic events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in Japanese patients has not been fully elucidated.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 450 consecutive patients on dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin and ticlopidine) with stable angina who underwent DES implantation were enrolled. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was measured before DES implantation using the screen filtration pressure method. The ADP concentration necessary for 50% aggregation was designated as the platelet aggregation threshold index (PATI). A composite primary endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis occurring within 1 year after stenting, was evaluated. A PATI value <4.8 µmol/L was defined as high on-treatment reactivity to ADP. The composite primary endpoint occurred in 55 patients (12.2%) in the 1-year-period after DES implantation, and the prevalence was 19.0% and 5.1% in groups with high and low on-treatment reactivity to ADP, respectively, showing a significantly higher prevalence in the high reactivity group (P<0.001). The main event was TLR (18.1% vs. 5.1%, P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggested that high on-treatment platelet reactivity to ADP and subsequent occurrence of adverse ischemic events (particularly TLR) were correlated in patients with stable angina who underwent DES implantation.
Implementation of Image Steganography Using 2-Level DWT Technique

Image steganography is an engineering term defining a different and significant discipline for information hiding. This process can be described as „hiding of secret information behind an image‟. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is one of the known methods used in steganography. The focus of the proposed work in this paper is on decreasing the complexity in image hiding through DWT technique while providing better undetectability and lesser distortion in the stego image. This paper proposes the algorithm for embedding and extracting the secret image embedded behind the cover gray scale image. Also, the analysis of performance measurement methods such as Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Mean square error (MSE), gives us the experimental summary for four different cases where each case spans different sizes of cover and secret image, comparing the cover image and stego image at the sender‟s side and embedded secret and extracted secret at the receiver‟s side. The stego attacks are then applied on the stego image and after each of the attack, the secret image is extracted from the distorted image. For better analysis, this extracted secret is compared with the expected result on the basis of PSNR and MSE. Also, the proposed algorithm is compared with one of the existing method using DWT technique, proposed by K.B. Shiva Kumar et. al. [7].
Fenoldopam in critically ill patients with early renal dysfunction. A crossover study.

BACKGROUND
Acute kidney injury is a frequent problem among many critically ill patients, commonly in the context of multiple organ failure and decreased renal perfusion. Its presence conveys a poor prognosis. Currently, effective therapeutic interventions are limited and dopaminergic agonists have been suggested as an option to prevent further damage.


METHODS
We performed a randomized, double-blinded, prospective crossover study in 17 patients admitted to our trauma intensive care unit (ICU) with evidence of impaired renal function. Patients were randomized to a 24-h intravenous infusion of low-dose fenoldopam or placebo. When the infusion of fenoldopam or placebo was completed, patients underwent a 24-h "washout" period in which no study intervention was performed. This sequence was repeated in each patient with the opposite agent, so each patient served as his own control. Four-hour creatinine collections were taken during the last 4 h of each infusion and washout periods to determine creatinine clearance changes during and after the administration of the study drug.


RESULTS
The creatinine clearance was higher with fenoldopam infusion than with placebo infusion (P = 0.045). The FENa was not significantly different.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that low-dose Fenoldopam increases creatinine clearance in the critically ill with renal insufficiency. Fenoldopam may be a useful drug in ICU patients with early renal dysfunction.
Inflated Beta Regression : Zero , One , and Everything in Between

Beta Regression, an extension of generalized linear models, can estimate the effect of explanatory variables on data falling within the (0,1) interval. Recent developments in Beta Regression theory extend the support interval to now include 0 and 1. The %Beta_Regression macro is updated to now allow for Zero-One Inflated Beta Regression.
Quadcopter control in three-dimensional space using a noninvasive motor imagery-based brain-computer interface.

OBJECTIVE
At the balanced intersection of human and machine adaptation is found the optimally functioning brain-computer interface (BCI). In this study, we report a novel experiment of BCI controlling a robotic quadcopter in three-dimensional (3D) physical space using noninvasive scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) in human subjects. We then quantify the performance of this system using metrics suitable for asynchronous BCI. Lastly, we examine the impact that the operation of a real world device has on subjects' control in comparison to a 2D virtual cursor task.


APPROACH
Five human subjects were trained to modulate their sensorimotor rhythms to control an AR Drone navigating a 3D physical space. Visual feedback was provided via a forward facing camera on the hull of the drone.


MAIN RESULTS
Individual subjects were able to accurately acquire up to 90.5% of all valid targets presented while travelling at an average straight-line speed of 0.69 m s(-1).


SIGNIFICANCE
Freely exploring and interacting with the world around us is a crucial element of autonomy that is lost in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Brain-computer interfaces are systems that aim to restore or enhance a user's ability to interact with the environment via a computer and through the use of only thought. We demonstrate for the first time the ability to control a flying robot in 3D physical space using noninvasive scalp recorded EEG in humans. Our work indicates the potential of noninvasive EEG-based BCI systems for accomplish complex control in 3D physical space. The present study may serve as a framework for the investigation of multidimensional noninvasive BCI control in a physical environment using telepresence robotics.
Changes in levels of prostate-specific antigen and testosterone following discontinuation of long-term hormone therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION
We evaluated changes in levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone following discontinuation of long-term hormone therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Treatment was discontinued in 31 patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer (clinical stage B-C) after ≥ 5 years of hormone therapy, during which time PSA level had been maintained less than 0.5 ng/ml. PSA and testosterone levels were measured after discontinuation of therapy. PSA > 4.0 ng/ml was defined as PSA relapse in this study.


RESULTS
Mean age at discontinuation of hormone therapy was 78.7 years (range, 66-90). Mean duration of follow-up after discontinuation of therapy was 25.5 months. PSA non-relapse rate was quite high (87.1%). 4 of the 31 patients showed PSA relapse, after 12-24 months. Testosterone level exceeded castration level (< 1.0 ng/ml) in 3 patients, each of whom developed PSA relapse.


CONCLUSIONS
During follow-up, the PSA relapse rate was relatively low. These results suggest that treatment may be safely discontinued in many prostate cancer patients. In addition, rate of testosterone recovery after treatment discontinuation may be associated with PSA relapse. When considered the adaptation of discontinued, or intermittent hormone therapy for aged people, these findings may be useful.
Correlation of Tourette syndrome and allergic disease: nationwide population-based case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
Linkage between allergy and increased immune response activation in Tourette syndrome (TS) has been reported. We performed a matched case-control study to evaluate correlation between allergic diseases and TS.


METHODS
Data in this case-control study were from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The sample comprised 845 2- to 18-year-old patients with newly diagnosed TS in 2003–2007 and 3378 controls frequency matched with cases on age, sex, and urbanization level. Unconditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between allergic disease (e.g., allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic conjunctivitis), the number of allergic comorbidities, and TS.


RESULTS
The majority (76.0%) of incident TS cases were boys; the 4 allergic diseases strongly correlated with higher risk of TS. In a model simultaneously considering all 4 allergic diseases, subjects with allergic rhinitis showed double the risk of TS (adjusted OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.83–2.59; p < 0.0001); adjusted ORs were 1.82, 1.61, and 1.33, respectively, for asthma (95% CI 1.47–2.24; p < 0.0001), dermatitis (95%CI 1.32–1.95; p < 0.0001), and allergic conjunctivitis (95% CI 1.13–1.57; p < 0.001). Risk increased with number of comorbidities (p < 0.0001); this association was positively modified by age (p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data showed significant correlation between allergic diseases and TS. Risk also increased with number of allergic comorbidities and with age. Further studies on the mechanism of neuroimmunology of TS are required.
Exploring older peoples' experiences of nocturia: a poorly recognised urinary condition that limits participation.

PURPOSE
This study sought to understand the experience of living and coping with nocturia, from the perspective of community-living older men and women.


METHOD
Individual semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 32 older people with self-reported nocturia of twice nightly or more.


RESULTS
Four key characteristics of nocturia were identified. Nocturia was described as simultaneously debilitating, frustrating, distressing and puzzling. It impacted on sleep patterns and quality, personal relationships and increased the fear of falling among older people when rising to use the toilet at night. Previously unrecognised variability and unpredictability in the condition were highlighted features. Nocturia was not prioritised for health intervention. There were gender differences in initial help-seeking however once prostate disease was eliminated, self-management strategies to cope with the effects of nocturia were the norm.


CONCLUSIONS
. This study indicates that nocturia has a widespread and profound influence on older people's quality of life and participation, despite being regarded as a relatively benign condition by both older people and health professionals. Several features of the condition, which have the potential for great impact, are poorly recognised in particular its variability and unpredictability.
Biomechanical comparison between the rectangular-tunnel and the round-tunnel anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques using a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft with femoral tunnel, either a rectangular tunnel (RET) or a round tunnel (ROT).


METHODS
For experiment 1, nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested with a robotic/universal force-moment sensor system to determine the initial optimal tension: the amount of graft tension at 15° of flexion most closely resembling the anterior laxity of a normal knee. The value was estimated by repeatedly measuring anterior laxity when 100 N of anteroposterior drawer load was applied to the knees at 30° of flexion after RET ACL or ROT ACL reconstruction. For experiment 2, six fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were selected. On the basis of the initial tension determined in experiment 1, RET ACL reconstruction was conducted with the graft tensioned to 10 N, followed by ROT ACL reconstruction on the same knee at 40 N of initial tension, and the biomechanical efficacy of the 2 methods was compared.


RESULTS
For experiment 1, the mean laxity match tension at 15° of flexion was 8.6 ± 4.8 N and 34.8 ± 9.2 N for RET- and ROT-reconstructed knees, respectively. For experiment 2, both RET and ROT ACL reconstructions were successful in controlling anterior tibial translation under anterior tibial loads, with the graft initially tensioned to 10 N in the former and to 40 N in the latter. However, the greater tensioning in ROT reconstruction led to proximal, posterior, and lateral displacement of the tibia along with its external and valgus rotation.


CONCLUSIONS
The RET ACL-reconstructed knee more closely resembled the normal knee in biomechanical behavior. Although ROT reconstruction successfully controlled anterior translation with greater initial tensioning to the graft, the normal positional relation between the tibia and femur was impaired.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Rectangular femoral ACL fixation constructs and grafts may prove more efficacious at restoring in vivo ACL kinematics than round femoral tunnels.
On the computation of spherical designs by a new optimization approach based on fast spherical Fourier transforms

Spherical t-designs are point sets XM := {x1, . . . ,xM} ⊂ S2 which provide quadrature rules with equal weights for the sphere which are exact for polynomials up to degree t. In this paper we consider the problem of finding numerical spherical t-designs on the sphere S2 for high polynomial degree t ∈ N. That is, we compute numerically local minimizers of a certain quadrature error At(XM ). The quadrature error At was also used for a variational characterization of spherical t-designs by Sloan and Womersley in [25]. For the minimization problem we regard several nonlinear optimization methods on manifolds, like Newton and conjugate gradient methods. We show that by means of the nonequispaced fast spherical Fourier transforms we perform gradient and Hessian evaluations in O(t2 log t+M log(1/ )) arithmetic operations, where > 0 is a prescribed accuracy. Using these methods we present numerical spherical t-designs for t ≤ 1000, even in the case M ≈ 1 2 t 2.
Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus

Much study has been devoted to the possible causes of an apparent decrease in the upward trend of global surface temperatures since 1998, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the global warming “hiatus.” Here, we present an updated global surface temperature analysis that reveals that global trends are higher than those reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, especially in recent decades, and that the central estimate for the rate of warming during the first 15 years of the 21st century is at least as great as the last half of the 20th century. These results do not support the notion of a “slowdown” in the increase of global surface temperature.
Impact of animal-assisted therapy for outpatients with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVES
Animal-assisted therapy using dogs trained to be calm and provide comfort to strangers has been used as a complementary therapy for a range of medical conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of brief therapy dog visits for fibromyalgia patients attending a tertiary outpatient pain management facility compared with time spent in a waiting room.


DESIGN
Open label with waiting room control.


SETTING
Tertiary care, university-based, outpatient pain management clinic.


SUBJECTS
A convenience sample of fibromyalgia patients was obtained through advertisements posted in the clinic.


INTERVENTIONS
Participants were able to spend clinic waiting time with a certified therapy dog instead of waiting in the outpatient waiting area. When the therapy dog was not available, individuals remained in the waiting area. OUTCOME MEASURES.: Self-reported pain, fatigue, and emotional distress were recorded using 11-point numeric rating scales before and after the therapy dog visit or waiting room time.


RESULTS
Data were evaluated from 106 therapy dog visits and 49 waiting room controls, with no significant between-group demographic differences in participants. Average intervention duration was 12 minutes for the therapy dog visit and 17 minutes for the waiting room control. Significant improvements were reported for pain, mood, and other measures of distress among patients after the therapy dog visit, but not the waiting room control. Clinically meaningful pain relief (≥2 points pain severity reduction) occurred in 34% after the therapy dog visit and 4% in the waiting room control. Outcome was not affected by the presence of comorbid anxiety or depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Brief therapy dog visits may provide a valuable complementary therapy for fibromyalgia outpatients.