LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-behavioral mechanisms in a pain-avoidance and a pain-persistence treatment for high-risk fibromyalgia patients.

OBJECTIVE
The heterogeneity of cognitive-behavioral patterns in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) has been proposed to underlie the variability in treatment outcomes. It has previously been shown that pain-avoidance and pain-persistence treatments tailored to the patient's pattern are effective in improving physical and psychological functioning and overall impact in high-risk patients with heightened psychological distress. In the present study, the cognitive-behavioral effects of these treatments were evaluated to provide insight into the main proposed mechanisms, specifically pain-avoidance behaviors and activity pacing in the pain-avoidance and pain-persistence treatments, respectively.


METHODS
High-risk FM patients were classified into 2 groups, pain avoidance and pain persistence, and randomized in groups to the relevant treatment or waiting-list control condition. The pain-avoidance and pain-persistence treatments both comprised 16 twice-weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise training. Cognitive--behavioral factors assessed at pre- and posttreatment and 6 months of followup were evaluated using linear mixed models.


RESULTS
A significant treatment effect was found for pain-avoidance behavior in the pain-avoidance treatment and for activity pacing in the pain-persistence treatment, showing improvements in the treatment condition relative to the controls. Furthermore, the effect on functioning was mediated by changes in pain-avoidance behavior in the pain-avoidance treatment and by changes in activity pacing in the pain-persistence treatment. Both treatments also showed significant improvements in other relevant cognitive-behavioral factors.


CONCLUSION
Both the pain-avoidance and pain-persistence treatments are effective in improving cognitive-behavioral factors in high-risk FM patients. Pain-avoidance behavior and activity pacing might be important mediating mechanisms for beneficial outcomes in pain-avoidance and pain-persistence treatments, respectively.
Biologically Inspired Design : A Tool for Interdisciplinary Education

over the human problem, don’t just repeat it. Make certain the source is actually solving the problem you want addressed; look at MANY sources. Focus on the behaviors and functions of the structure; pay attention to constraints. Try to eliminate specific structural reference altogether. Does this remove constraints? Don’t forget your original constraints. Reframe problem Biological solution search Solution understanding Principle abstraction
The immediate effects of muscle energy technique on posterior shoulder tightness: a randomized controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.


OBJECTIVES
To compare a muscle energy technique (MET) for the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) horizontal abductors and an MET for the GHJ external rotators to improve GHJ range of motion (ROM) in baseball players.


BACKGROUND
Overhead athletes often exhibit loss of GHJ ROM in internal rotation, which has been associated with shoulder pathology. Current stretching protocols aimed at improving flexibility of the posterior shoulder have resulted in inconsistent outcomes. Although utilization of MET has been hypothesized to lengthen tissue, there are limited empirical data describing the effectiveness of such stretches for treating posterior shoulder tightness.


METHODS
Sixty-one Division I baseball players were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: MET for the GHJ horizontal abductors (n = 19), MET for the GHJ external rotators (n = 22), and control (n = 20). We measured preintervention and postintervention GHJ horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM, and conducted analyses of covariance, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc analysis for significant group-by-time interactions (P<.05).


RESULTS
The group treated with the MET for the horizontal abductors had a significantly greater increase in GHJ horizontal adduction ROM postintervention (mean ± SD, 6.8° ± 10.5°) compared to the control group (-1.1° ± 6.8°) (P = .011) and a greater increase in internal rotation ROM postintervention (4.2° ± 5.3°) compared to the group treated with the MET for the external rotators (0.2° ± 6.3°) (P = .020) and the control group (-0.2° ± 4.0°) (P = .029). No significant differences among groups were found for any other variables (P>.05).


CONCLUSION
A single application of an MET for the GHJ horizontal abductors provides immediate improvements in both GHJ horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM in asymptomatic collegiate baseball players. Application of MET for the horizontal abductors may be useful to gain ROM in overhead athletes.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapy, level 2b-.
Cranial base, maxillary and mandibular morphology in Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between craniofacial measurements of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and normal controls.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cephalometric analysis including additional landmarks and measurements to study specific craniofacial features was undertaken on pretreatment cephalograms of 25 patients with DS (12 male, 13 female; mean age 15.1 years) treated at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Measurements were compared with those from cephalograms of racial groups age and gender matched, normal, Class I children, available from the Burlington Growth Center. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests.


RESULTS
Large reductions were measured in the size and spatial relationships of craniofacial structures in the DS group. The greatest differences included a larger cranial base angle; reduced elevation of sella from FHP; reduced anterior and posterior cranial base lengths; reduced anterior and posterior face heights; smaller maxilla with reduced anterior basal and apical dimensions; and smaller mandibular ramus, body and symphyseal dimensions and proclined symphysis. Maxillary incisors were severely proclined and undererupted, while mandibular incisors were undererupted. Alveolar heights were reduced. Anterior open bite was frequently noted. Maxillary and mandibular planes exhibited forward rotation patterns, promoting overclosure. Mandibular hypoplasia was less severe than cranial base and maxillary hypoplasia. Hypodontia of one or more permanent teeth was found in 92% of the sample.


CONCLUSIONS
The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant hypoplasia in endochondral, mesodermal, and ectomesenchymal derived structures of the cranium and face in subjects with DS was clearly evident. More severe platybasia than previously reported was found.
Airway tissue mast cells in persistent asthma: predictor of treatment failure when patients discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when patients discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).


DESIGN
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.


SETTING
Multicenter, tertiary referral centers.


PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS
Forty-five subjects with asthma recruited from six medical centers in the United States.


INTERVENTIONS
The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent asthma. A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive salmeterol (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue TAA for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either salmeterol or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with TAA (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with TAA predict treatment failure in patients for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.
Intelligent multi-camera video surveillance: A review

0167-8655/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2012.07.005 ⇑ Tel.: +852 39438283; fax: +852 26035558. E-mail address: xgwang@ee.cuhk.edu.hk Intelligent multi-camera video surveillance is a multidisciplinary field related to computer vision, pattern recognition, signal processing, communication, embedded computing and image sensors. This paper reviews the recent development of relevant technologies from the perspectives of computer vision and pattern recognition. The covered topics include multi-camera calibration, computing the topology of camera networks, multi-camera tracking, object re-identification, multi-camera activity analysis and cooperative video surveillance both with active and static cameras. Detailed descriptions of their technical challenges and comparison of different solutions are provided. It emphasizes the connection and integration of different modules in various environments and application scenarios. According to the most recent works, some problems can be jointly solved in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy. With the fast development of surveillance systems, the scales and complexities of camera networks are increasing and the monitored environments are becoming more and more complicated and crowded. This paper discusses how to face these emerging challenges. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Self-Play and Using an Expert to Learn to Play Backgammon with Temporal Difference Learning

A promising approach to learn to play board games is to use reinforcement learning algorithms that can learn a game position evaluation function. In this paper we examine and compare three different methods for generating training games: 1) Learning by self-play, 2) Learning by playing against an expert program, and 3) Learning from viewing experts play against each other. Although the third possibility generates high-quality games from the start compared to initial random games generated by self-play, the drawback is that the learning program is never allowed to test moves which it prefers. Since our expert program uses a similar evaluation function as the learning program, we also examine whether it is helpful to learn directly from the board evaluations given by the expert. We compared these methods using temporal difference methods with neural networks to learn the game of backgammon.
ADME of Biologics—What Have We Learned from Small Molecules?

Thorough characterization and in-depth understanding of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties of a drug candidate have been well recognized as an important element in small molecule (SM) drug discovery and development. This has been the area of focus for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) scientists, whose role has been evolving over the past few decades from primarily being involved in the development space after a preclinical candidate was selected to extending their involvement into the discovery stage prior to candidate selection. This paradigm shift has ensured the entry into development of the best candidates with optimal ADME properties, and thus has greatly impacted SM drug development through significant reduction of the failure rate for pharmacokinetics related reasons. In contrast, the sciences of ADME and DMPK have not been fully integrated into the discovery and development processes for large molecule (LM) drugs. In this mini-review, we reflect on the journey of DMPK support of SM drug discovery and development and highlight the key enablers that have allowed DMPK scientists to make such impacts, with the aim to provide a perspective on relevant lessons learned from SM drugs that are applicable to DMPK support strategies for LMs.
Double unit grafts successfully extend the application of umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults with acute leukemia.

UNLABELLED
Cell dose is a major limitation for umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation because units containing a minimum of 2.5 x 10(7) total nucleated cells (TNC)/kilogram patient body weight are frequently not available. The transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched UCB units has been adopted as a simple approach for increasing the TNC.We sought to determine whether the relative safety and efficacy of this approach was comparable with a single UCB transplantation. Included are adults with acute leukemia who received transplants with 1 (n =106) or 2 (n =303) UCB units. All UCB units for single UCB transplantations contained TNC ≥ 2.5 x 10(7)/kg. For double UCB transplantations, the total TNC for units 1 and 2 were > 2.5 x 10(7)/kg but in approximately half of these transplantations, 1 of the 2 units contained < 2.5 x 10(7) TNC/kg. Adjusting for factors associated with outcomes, risks of neutrophil recovery (odds ratio 0.83, P =.59), transplantation-related mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, P= .63), relapse (HR 0.90, P= .64), and overall mortality (HR 0.93, P= .62) was similar after double UCB and adequate dose single UCB transplantations. These data support double UCB unit transplantation for acute leukemia when an adequately dosed single UCB unit is not available thereby extending access to nearly all patients.


KEY POINTS
Efficacy of transplanting adequately dosed 1- or 2-cord blood units.
Current and past Epstein-Barr virus infection in risk of initial CNS demyelination.

OBJECTIVES
To assess risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD) in relation to measures of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection within the context of other known risk factors.


METHODS
This was a multicenter incident case-control study. FCD cases (n = 282) aged 18-59 years and controls (n = 558, matched on age, sex, and region) were recruited from 4 Australian centers between November 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. A nested study (n = 215 cases, n = 216 controls) included measurement of whole blood quantitative EBV DNA load and serum EBV-specific antibodies. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze case-control differences.


RESULTS
There were no significant case-control differences in the proportion with detectable EBV DNA (55.8% vs 50.5%, respectively, p = 0.28), or in quantitative EBV DNA load (p = 0.33). Consistent with previous work, higher anti-EBV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and a history of infectious mononucleosis were associated with increased FCD risk and there was an additive interaction with HLA-DRB1*1501 status. We found additional interactions between high anti-EBNA IgG titer and SNPs in HLA-A (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 19.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.95 to 66.21] for both factors compared to neither) and CTLA-4 genes (AOR = 0.31 [95% CI 0.13 to 0.76] for neither factor compared to both). EBV DNA load was lower at higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in controls (r = -0.17, p = 0.01). An adverse effect of higher EBV DNA load on FCD risk was increased with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (p[interaction] = 0.02).


CONCLUSION
Past infection with EBV, but not current EBV DNA load in whole blood, is significantly associated with increased FCD risk. These associations appear to be modified by immune-related gene variants.
Limited resection for noninvasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma diagnosed by intraoperative pathologic examination.

BACKGROUND
The establishment of limited resection procedures for non-small cell lung cancer is expected. Many groups have suggested noninvasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) to be a potential indication for limited resection.


METHODS
We designed a prospective phase II study evaluating limited resection for noninvasive BAC diagnosed by intraoperative pathologic examination. From 1999 to 2007, limited resection was the procedure in 46 patients (16 men and 30 women; median age, 69 years; range, 49 to 83) who were diagnosed intraoperatively as having noninvasive BAC. The first end point was the predictive value of the intraoperative pathologic examination for noninvasive BAC diagnosis. The second end point was overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.


RESULTS
We performed wedge resections for 44 patients and segmentectomy for 2 patients. Permanent pathologic examination revealed 3 patients had primary lung adenocarcinomas other than noninvasive BAC. The predictive value of intraoperative pathologic examination for noninvasive BAC diagnosis was 94%. During a median 51-month follow-up, there were only 2 cancer unrelated deaths. The 5-year overall survival rate and the disease-free survival rate were 93%, and the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 100%.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of our prospective phase II study indicate that limited resection, mainly by wedge resection, is a potentially curative surgical procedure and may be an acceptable alternative to lobectomy for patients with noninvasive BAC. Furthermore, an intraoperative pathologic diagnosis of noninvasive BAC is strongly predictive and allows for an intraoperative decision to perform a limited resection in these patients.
A multi-agent negotiation based service composition method for on-demand service

This paper provides a multi-agent negotiation based service composition approach to deal with end user on-demand service requirements. We introduce a system framework for service composition. In this framework, a workflow defines a generic and service-independent process model within which each service agent is able to select appropriate task node that fits for the end user requirement in run time. Specifically, agents will negotiate with one other to guarantee the satisfaction of the service consumers' requirements. This paper introduces a methodology of how to model a service composition as a constraint satisfaction problem and solve the problem by a multi-agent negotiation algorithm.
Target detection in synthetic aperture radar imagery : a state-ofthe-art survey

Target detection is the front-end stage in any automatic target recognition system for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (SAR-ATR). The efficacy of the detector directly impacts the succeeding stages in the SAR-ATR processing chain. There are numerous methods reported in the literature for implementing the detector. We offer an umbrella under which the various research activities in the field are broadly probed and taxonomized. First, a taxonomy for the various detection methods is proposed. Second, the underlying assumptions for different implementation strategies are overviewed. Third, a tabular comparison between careful selections of representative examples is introduced. Finally, a novel discussion is presented, wherein the issues covered include suitability of SAR data models, understanding the multiplicative SAR data models, and two unique perspectives on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection: signal processing and pattern recognition. From a signal processing perspective, CFAR is shown to be a finite impulse response band-pass filter. From a statistical pattern recognition perspective, CFAR is shown to be a suboptimal one-class classifier: a Euclidean distance classifier and a quadratic discriminant with a missing term for one-parameter and two-parameter CFAR, respectively. We make a contribution toward enabling an objective design and implementation for target detection in SAR imagery. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.7.071598]
Towards user-centric concrete model transformation

Model transformations are the key part of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). However, their specification is not user-friendly, due to excessive use of metamodels and textual representation of transformation languages. This paper briefly describes the approach and tool under development for user-centric transformation generation using concrete model visualisations.
Intergenerational Place-based Education: where schools, communities and nature meet

The research collected evidence from two case studies. 1. The first case we researched was a small primary school in an urban area with considerable experience in this work that engaged with their parents and community members to develop a community garden. 2. The second case was a secondary school in the Highlands who sought to experiment with outdoor 'journeying' in their local National Park with one 'year group'. These cases provide a useful platform for readers to consider what may be possible across the school system if the resources found in local communities are to be harnessed for learning in, about and for local outdoor natural environments in Scotland and beyond. Summary This research was commissioned by the Scottish Centre for Intergenerational Practice. The research is an exploration of the synergies (existing and possible) between intergenerational practice, formal school-linked provisions, and the field of place-focused approaches to education. The focus of the research was to consider intergenerational educational programmes that were connected to schools and at the same time, were concerned with making community-wide connections to some local, outdoor and natural places through outdoor experiences of different kinds. Thus, the key aim of the research was to consider what were the opportunities and issues for intergenerational place-based education, what its effects might be, and what the consequences are for schooling.
Estimating efficiency in automatic milking systems

Automatic Milking Systems (AMS), also known as robotic milking, are internationally accepted as a valid alternative to conventional milking parlour, and also as an advanced mean for dairy farm management. The continuous growth of labour and production costs are leading to the development of new improved AMS machines, especially for heaviest milking operations. Accordingly, AMS presence in European dairy farms is expected to continuously grow in the near future. AMS reduces heavy workload and allows milking frequency monitoring of each cow, based on its production level or lactation stage, without any additional labour cost. In this study, milking data of 15 dairy farms located in the Veneto region (North-Eastern Italy) were analyzed with the aim to estimate the Automatic Milking Systems performances, and eventually recognize operative limits and bottlenecks. Results are also of interest to allow definition of relations between the AMS capacity and milking time, which is useful to optimize operations and increase profitability. In particular, data relative to milk yield, daily milking sessions per cow, effective milking time, rejected milking time, cleaning time and machine downtime have been collected and used to evaluate the operative performance of each farm. Specifically, the analysis highlighted an average of 17 h·day -1 of milking activity, 5.6 h·day -1 of inactivity and 1.4 h·day -1 for cleaning and self-diagnosis. Additionally, 40 % of the AMS reported the use for milking activities lower than 16 h·day -1 with idle periods exceeding in some cases 7-8 h·day -1 .