LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Review article Genetic resources of energy crops: Biological systems to combat climate change

Bioenergy crop plants that function as solar energy collectors and thermo-chemical energy storage systems are the basis for biological systems that are expected to contribute to renewable energy production, help stabilize the rising levels of green house gases (GHG), and mitigate the risk of global climate change (GCC). Wide genetic resource bases, especially of wild and semidomesticated perennial grasses and woody species of starch-, oil, and lingocellulose-producing plants, are available to select, breed, genetically-modify, and develop environmentally-friendly bioenergy crops. Plant species, with fast growth, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and low requirements for biological, chemical or physical pretreatments, are being evaluated as potential bioenergy crops. Currently, bioenergy systems based on traditional sources and first generation bioenergy crops, are not sustainable and their exploitation may contribute to environmental degradation. New genetic resources and technological breakthroughs are being employed to develop dedicated bioenergy crops (DECs) with better GHG profiles and with a suite of eco-physiological traits to maximize radiation interception, water(WUE) and nutrient-use efficiencies (NUE), improved lingocellulosic accessibility to enzymatic degradation, and to confer environmental sustainability. Large-scale bioenergy crop plantations pose both opportunities and challenges, and will inevitably compete with food crops for land, water, nutrient resources and other inputs; whereas, biodiversity consequences of increased biofuel production will most likely result in habitat loss, increased and enhanced dispersion of invasive species, and pollution. Recent genetic modifications and breeding efforts of bioenergy crops aim at improving biomass yield, quality, and conversion efficiency. Improvements in composition and structure of bio-chemicals in bioenergy crops will enable the production of more energy per ton of biomass and will improve its caloric value, GHG profile, and GCC mitigation potential.
Lead isotopic compositions in the EPICA Dome C ice core and Southern Hemisphere potential source areas

A record of Pb isotopic compositions and Pb and Ba concentrations are presented for the EPICA Dome C ice core covering the past 220 ky, indicating the characteristics of dust and volcanic Pb deposition in central East Antarctica. Lead isotopic compositions are also reported in a suite of soil and loess samples from the Southern Hemisphere (Australia, Southern Africa, Southern South America, New Zealand, Antarctica) in order to evaluate the provenance of dust present in Antarctic ice. Lead isotopic compositions in Dome C ice support the contention that Southern South America was an important source of dust in Antarctica during the last two glacial maxima, and furthermore suggest occasional dust contributions from local Antarctic sources. The isotopic signature of Pb in Antarctic ice is altered by the presence of volcanic Pb, inhibiting the evaluation of glacial–interglacial changes in dust sources and the evaluation of Australia as a source of dust to Antarctica. Consequently, an accurate evaluation of the predominant source(s) of Antarctic dust can only be obtained from glacial maxima, when dust-Pb concentrations were greatest. These data confirm that volcanic Pb is present throughout Antarctica and is emitted in a physical phase that is free from Ba, while dust Pb is transported within a matrix containing Ba and other crustal elements. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. iend and colleague Professor ts, pioneered the accurate snow and ice. : þ39 041 2348628. elonga), gabrielli.1@osu.edu liana), anna.wegner@awi.de nte), clara.turetta@idpa.cnr.it , frank.vanhaecke@ugent.be tron@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr unive.it (C. Barbante). All rights reserved.
A NOVEL ULTRA-WIDEBAND BOW-TIE SLOT ANTENNA IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A novel ultra-wideband bow-tie slot antenna fed by CPW is proposed in this paper. This antenna has been demonstrated to provide an UWB with return loss less than −10 dB from 9.5 GHz to 22.4 GHz. The bandwidth is up to 80%, which is quite better than the traditional bow-tie slot antenna. Simulated and measured results are presented.
Reaction time and movement time after embryonic cell implantation in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND
Embryonic nigral cell implants are a novel treatment for Parkinson disease (PD). Reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) analysis, validated quantitative measures of premovement neural processing and motor execution, can be used as objective physiological markers of motor performance in PD.


OBJECTIVES
To gauge the change in motor performance in patients with PD who received implants, and to determine whether the physiological findings correlate with clinical outcome measures after transplantation.


DESIGN
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients Forty patients with levodopa-responsive, Hoehn and Yahr stage III or greater PD.


INTERVENTIONS
Random assignment to embryonic tissue implants or placebo (sham) operation.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Combined RT + MT scores measured preoperatively and at 4 and 12 months postoperatively in the "off" state.


RESULTS
The difference in mean RT + MT scores between the sham and implant groups was statistically significant (P =.005) and was greatest in those 60 years or older (P =.003). Changes correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale off scores at 4 (r = 0.87, P =.001) and 12 (r = 0.75, P =.01) months in those younger than 60 years. There was a significant deterioration in the sham surgery group at 12 months (P =.03) that was thought to be due to worsening in subjects 60 years and older (P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The physiological measures detected significant changes in patients undergoing embryonic nigral cell implants and correlated directly with clinical outcome measures. Comprehensive analyses of RT paradigms can document subtle changes in motor performance over time, making them useful outcome measures in therapeutic trials of PD. These findings support further research into nigral cell implantation for PD.
Phase I–II study of high-dose etoposide in patients with refractory breast cancer

At conventional doses of 200-400 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks, etoposide has shown marginal activity in pretreated breast cancer patients [1], but it may have additive activity in combination with cisplatin [2] or cyclophosphamide [3], In other malignancies, its activity appears dose-dependent and doses of 1200 to 1500 mg/m ~ have been given without bone marrow support with severe, yet transient, myelosuppression [4]. Based on these considerations, high-dose etoposide has been incorporated in autologous bone marrow transplant regimens for breast cancer patients [5], although there are no data to substantiate its increased activity or additive effect at higher than standard doses in combination chemotherapy programs. In this study we attempted to define the nonhematologic maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxic effects of etoposide administered to breast cancer patients without autologous bone marrow support, and to assess its efficacy at higher-than-conventional doses.
Algebraic combinatorics of diametric magic circles

Abstract: We provide a definition of a diametric magic circle of order n. In this paper, we use techniques in computational algebraic combinatorics and enumerative geometry to construct and to count d-magic circles. We also provide a description of its minimal Hilbert basis and determine the symmetry operations on d-magic circles. Finally, we give an algorithm for writing a natural d-magic circle in terms of the minimal Hilbert basis.
THE SUCCESS OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AMONG DISTANCE LEARNERS IN MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITIES

Continuing formal education is essential for distance learners to improve their learning skills and knowledge to meet the challenge career in modern competitive world. This study examines the success factors that influence learners' use of the Learning Management System (LMS) and tests the applicability of the propose model, in the context of distance learning practices in higher education. A survey was conducted to higher education learners who involved in distance learning instruction. This study used a set of questionnaire which was adapted from the literatures to examine three groups of dimensions, system design (system quality, service quality, information quality, usefulness and ease of use), system usage (system use, behavioural intention to use and user satisfaction) and System Outcome (net benefit). Using data from a survey to distance learning students (N=425), a path analysis revealed that system design has a significant influence on user satisfaction and intention to use of the LMS which directly affect the use of the system. Consequently user satisfaction and system used show strong impact to the net benefit.
Investigating strategies to reduce toxicity in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for central lung tumors.

BACKGROUND
[corrected] Stereotactic radiotherapy for central lung tumors has a narrower therapeutic index than that for peripheral tumors. Tumor tracking strategies have been proposed to reduce treatment volumes and toxicity, however they need to consider uncertainties in tumor size and shape change throughout respiration to ensure optimal local control. We quantified these uncertainties and explored strategies to account for them.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ten patients with central tumors, PTV > 100 cm(3), motion > 5 mm and a 10-phase 4DCT without significant artifact in the tumor region were evaluated. Uncertainties were quantified using GTV size in different phases, and the Hausdorff distance (HD) between the phase 50% GTV and other phases after soft-tissue rigid registration. An individualized internal target volume for tracking (ITV(T)) was generated from the union of the GTVs in all phases after rigid registration. This was compared to ITVs generated for tracking based on the phase 50% GTV alone or with isotropic margins of 3 or 5 mm for size and volume overlap.


RESULTS
Median free-breathing PTV size and motion were 162.1 cm(3) (110-210) and 8.9 mm (6.1-14.1). Overall, median GTV size variation and HD were 4.7% (0.2-22.3) and 6.3 mm (3.9-17.6). Tracking using GTV 50% alone resulted in median volume overlap with ITV(T) of 71.7% (range 56.8-85.1). Isotropic margins of 3 or 5mm always resulted in a volume overlap less than 95% or a volume larger than the ITV(T).


CONCLUSIONS
Changes in size and shape of central lung tumors are substantial during respiration. These limit the ability to reduce treatment volumes with tracking, especially if isotropic margins are used. An individualized ITV for tracking, such as the ITV(T) is preferred.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a risk factor for readmission for pneumonia in the very elderly persons: observational prospective study.

BACKGROUND
To determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia is a risk factor for readmission for pneumonia in elderly persons discharged from an acute geriatric unit.


METHODS
Observational prospective cohort study with data collection based on clinical databases and electronic clinical notes. All elderly individuals discharged from an acute geriatric unit from June 2002 to December 2009 were recruited and followed until death or December 31, 2010. All individuals were initially classified according to the presence of oropharyngeal dysphagia assessed by bedside clinical examination. Main outcome measure was readmission for pneumonia. Clinical notes were reviewed by an expert clinician to verify diagnosis and classify pneumonia as aspiration or nonaspiration pneumonia.


RESULTS
A total of 2,359 patients (61.9% women, mean age 84.9 y) were recruited and followed for a mean of 24 months. Dysphagia was diagnosed in 47.5% of cases. Overall, 7.9% of individuals were readmitted for pneumonia during follow-up, 24.2% of these had aspiration pneumonia. The incidence rate of hospital readmission for pneumonia was 3.67 readmissions per 100 person-years (95% CI 3.0-4.4) in individuals without dysphagia and 6.7 (5.5-7.8) in those with dysphagia, with an attributable risk of 3.02 readmissions per 100 person-years (1.66-4.38) and a rate ratio of 1.82 (1.41-2.36). Multivariate Cox regression showed an independent effect of oropharyngeal dysphagia, with a hazard ratio of 1.6 (1.15-2.2) for hospitalization for pneumonia, 4.48 (2.01-10.0) for aspiration pneumonia, and 1.44 (1.02-2.03) for nonaspiration pneumonia.


CONCLUSION
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a very prevalent and relevant risk factor associated with hospital readmission for both aspiration and nonaspiration pneumonia in the very elderly persons.
Specific antinuclear antibodies are associated with clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES
To study associations between antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and signs/symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).


METHODS
A consecutive cohort of 289 patients with SLE was included; 235 fulfilled ACR criteria for SLE and were further analysed. ANA profiles were determined by line immunoassay and by indirect immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae. An extensive list of signs/symptoms was evaluated.


RESULTS
Five clusters of antibodies were defined by cluster analysis: 1-antibodies to SmB, SmD, RNP-A, RNP-C, and RNP-70k; 2-antibodies to Ro52, Ro60, and SSB; 3, 4, and 5-antibodies to ribosomal P, histones and dsDNA, respectively. Significant associations (p< or =0.01) were found between anti-RNP-70k, anti-RNP-A, anti-RNP-C and Raynaud's phenomenon, between anti-RNP-A, anti-RNP-70k and leucopenia, and between anti-RNP-A, anti-RNP-C and a lower prevalence of urine cellular casts. Anti-SSA, anti-SSB were associated with xerostomia, and anti-SSB with pericarditis. Antibodies to ribosomal P were associated with haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, and alopecia. Patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had a higher risk for cellular casts and a lower risk for photosensitivity. Antihistone antibodies were associated with arthritis.


CONCLUSIONS
In a large and consecutive cohort of patients with SLE, clusters of antibodies were identified. Previously reported associations of antibodies with symptoms were confirmed and new associations found.
Implementation of an Intelligent Target Classifier with Bicoherence Feature Set

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the feasibility of bispectral analysing of acoustic signals emanated from underwater targets, for the purpose of classification. Higher order analysis, especially bispectral analysis has been widely used to analyse signals when non-Gaussianity and non-linearity are involved. Bicoherence, which is a normalized form of bispectrum, has been used to extract source specific features, which is finally fed to a neural network classifier. Vector quantization has been used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature set, thereby reducing computational costs. Simulations were carried out with linear, tan and log-sigmoid transfer functions and also with different code book sizes. It is found that the bicoherence feature set can provide acceptable levels of classification accuracy with a properly trained neural network classifier.
An alternative degradation reliability modeling approach using maximum likelihood estimation

An alternative degradation reliability modeling approach is presented in this paper. This approach extends the graphical approach used by several authors by considering the natural ordering of performance degradation data using a truncated Weibull distribution. Maximum Likelihood Estimation is used to provide a one-step method to estimate the model's parameters. A closed form expression of the likelihood function is derived for a two-parameter truncated Weibull distribution with time-independent shape parameter. A semi-numerical method is presented for the truncated Weibull distribution with a time-dependent shape parameter. Numerical studies of generated data suggest that the proposed approach provides reasonable estimates even for small sample sizes. The analysis of fatigue data shows that the proposed approach yields a good match of the crack length mean value curve obtained using the path curve approach and better results than those obtained using the graphical approach.
Repeatability of in vitro power profile measurements for multifocal contact lenses.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device (NIMO TR1504, Lambda-X, Belgium) for measuring multifocal contact lens power profiles.


METHODS
The NIMO TR1504 was used to measure power profiles 30 times for each of 10 different contact lenses from 4 major companies. All contact lenses were labelled as -3D for distance vision; half were for high addition and half for low addition. The optical zone in all measurements was set to 3-mm radius. For each lens, the median power profile and the residuals of the 30 measurements were calculated. The 95% confidence bands and two indices that summarize measurement errors were calculated: the repeatability limit and an index of repeatability heterogeneity, quantifying heterogeneity of measurement errors over the optical zone.


RESULTS
The repeatability limit was good (from 0.04D to 0.12D), for all multifocal contact lenses. Variability of measurement errors of power profiles was quite homogeneous along the optical zone for all lenses, although for some lenses variability was slightly higher in the centre than peripherally.


CONCLUSIONS
The repeatability of measured power profiles obtained by the NIMO TR1504 is lower than 0.12D for the multifocal contact lenses.
Small bowel capsule endoscopy in the management of established Crohn's disease: clinical impact, safety, and correlation with inflammatory biomarkers.

BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have established the superior diagnostic accuracy of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for the diagnosis of small bowel (SB) Crohn's disease (CD). However, data on the clinical impact of VCE in patients with established CD are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the impact and safety of VCE on the clinical management of patients with established CD.


METHODS
A retrospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. The study cohort included consecutive patients with established SB CD who underwent VCE in 4 tertiary referral centers (1 Canada, 1 Sweden, and 2 United Kingdom) from January 2008 to October 2013. Patients were excluded if VCE was performed as a part of the initial diagnostic workup. The presence of SB mucosal inflammation was quantified using the Lewis score. Inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin) were measured and correlated with the Lewis score.


RESULTS
The study included 187 patients. No SB inflammation was observed in 28.4%, mild-to-moderate inflammation in 26.6%, and moderate-to-severe inflammation in 45% of the patients (median Lewis score, 662; range, 0-6400). A change in management was recommended in 52.3% of the patients based on VCE findings. Elevated C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, or the combination of both were poorly correlated with significant SB inflammation. SB capsule retention occurred in 4 patients (2.1%).


CONCLUSIONS
VCE in patients with established CD is safe, and the results often have a significant clinical impact. VCE should not be limited to CD patients with positive inflammatory markers because their predictive value for significant SB inflammation is poor.
Effect of nutritional supplementation of breastfeeding HIV positive mothers on maternal and child health: findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND
It has been well established that breastfeeding is beneficial for child health, however there has been debate regarding the effect of lactation on maternal health in the presence of HIV infection and the need for nutritional supplementation in HIV positive lactating mothers.


AIMS
To assess the effect of nutritional supplementation to HIV infected lactating mothers on nutritional and health status of mothers and their infants.


METHODS
A randomized controlled clinical trial to study the impact of nutritional supplementation on breastfeeding mothers. Measurements included anthropometry; body composition indicators; CD4 count, haemoglobin and albumin; as well as incidence rates of opportunistic infections; depression and quality of life scores. Infant measurements included anthropometry, development and rates of infections.


RESULTS
The supplement made no significant impact on any maternal or infant outcomes. However in the small group of mothers with low BMI, the intake of supplement was significantly associated with preventing loss of lean body mass (1.32 kg vs. 3.17 kg; p = 0.026). There was no significant impact of supplementation on the infants.


CONCLUSIONS
A 50 g daily nutritional supplement to breastfeeding mothers had no or limited effect on mother and child health outcomes.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN68128332 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN68128332).
Discovering patterns in categorical time series using IFS

The detection of patterns in categorical time series data is an important task in many fields of science. Several efficient algorithms for finding frequent sequential patterns have been proposed. An online-approach for sequential pattern analysis based on transforming the categorical alphabet to real vectors and generating fractals by an iterated function systems (IFS) is suggested. Sequential patterns can be analyzed with standard methods of cluster analysis using this approach. A version of the procedure allows detecting patterns visually. c © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Demos

Demos [1,2] is yet another discrete event simulation language hosted in Simula. It was released in 1979 and is now running on IBM, DEC, UNIVAC, and CDC hardwares amongst others. The paper contains a short introduction to Simula's object and context features; an explanation of the process approach to simulation; a brief comparison of Simula and GPSS; and finally, the main features of Demos are presented via an example.
Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a key signal transduction system that links oncogenes and multiple receptor classes to many essential cellular functions, and is perhaps the most commonly activated signalling pathway in human cancer. This pathway therefore presents both an opportunity and a challenge for cancer therapy. Even as inhibitors that target PI3K isoforms and other major nodes in the pathway, including AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reach clinical trials, major issues remain. Here, we highlight recent progress that has been made in our understanding of the PI3K pathway and discuss the potential of and challenges for the development of therapeutic agents that target this pathway in cancer.
Aligning Packed Dependency Trees: A Theory of Composition for Distributional Semantics

We present a new framework for compositional distributional semantics in which the distributional contexts of lexemes are expressed in terms of anchored packed dependency trees. We show that these structures have the potential to capture the full sentential contexts of a lexeme and provide a uniform basis for the composition of distributional knowledge in a way that captures both mutual disambiguation and generalization.
Automatic inference of code transforms for patch generation

We present a new system, Genesis, that processes human patches to automatically infer code transforms for automatic patch generation. We present results that characterize the effectiveness of the Genesis inference algorithms and the complete Genesis patch generation system working with real-world patches and defects collected from 372 Java projects. To the best of our knowledge, Genesis is the first system to automatically infer patch generation transforms or candidate patch search spaces from previous successful patches.