LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal expression of duplicate AGAMOUS orthologues during floral development in Phalaenopsis

The AGAMOUS (AG) family of MADS-box genes plays important roles in controlling the development of the reproductive organs of flowering plants. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the floral development in the orchid, we isolated and characterized two AG-like genes from Phalaenopsis that we denoted PhalAG1 and PhalAG2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PhalAG1 and PhalAG2 fall into different phylogenetic positions in the AG gene family as they belong to the C- and D-lineages, respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chair reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that PhalAG1 and PhalAG2 transcripts were detected in flower buds but not in vegetative organs. Moreover, in situ hybridization experiments revealed that PhalAG1 and PhalAG2 hybridization signals were observed in the lip, column, and ovule during the floral development of Phalaenopsis, with little difference between the expression patterns of the two genes. These results suggest that both AG-like genes in Phalaenopsis act redundantly with each other in floral development.
Pexelizumab, an anti-C5 complement antibody, as adjunctive therapy to primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction: the COMplement inhibition in Myocardial infarction treated with Angioplasty (COMMA) trial.

BACKGROUND
Complement, activated during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, causes myocardial damage through multiple processes. The COMplement inhibition in Myocardial infarction treated with Angioplasty (COMMA) trial was performed to determine the effect of pexelizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, on infarct size in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In COMMA, 960 patients with MI (20% isolated inferior MI) were randomized to placebo, pexelizumab 2.0-mg/kg bolus, or pexelizumab 2.0-mg/kg bolus and 0.05-mg/kg per h infusion for 20 hours. Infarct size by creatine kinase-MB area under the curve, the primary outcome, did not differ significantly between groups (placebo median, 4393; bolus pexelizumab, 4526; bolus plus infusion pexelizumab, 4713 [ng/mL] x h; P=0.89 for bolus versus placebo; P=0.76 for bolus plus infusion versus placebo), nor did the composite of 90-day death, new or worsening heart failure, shock, or stroke (placebo, 11.1%; bolus, 10.7%; bolus plus infusion, 8.5%). The ninety-day mortality rate was significantly lower with pexelizumab bolus plus infusion (1.8% versus 5.9% with placebo; nominal P=0.014); the bolus-only group had an intermediate mortality rate (4.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ST-elevation MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, pexelizumab had no measurable effect on infarct size. However, the significant reduction in mortality suggests that pexelizumab may benefit patients through alternative novel mechanisms and provides impetus for additional investigation.
"Homelessness and trauma go hand-in-hand": pathways to homelessness among women veterans.

BACKGROUND
Veterans comprise a disproportionate fraction of the nation's homeless population, with women veterans up to four times more likely to be homeless than non-veteran women. This paper provides a grounded description of women veterans' pathways into homelessness.


METHODS
Three focus groups were held in Los Angeles, California, with a total of 29 homeless women veterans.


RESULTS
Five predominant "roots" (precipitating experiences) initiated pathways toward homelessness: 1) childhood adversity, 2) trauma and/or substance abuse during military service, 3) post-military abuse, adversity, and/or relationship termination, 4) post-military mental health, substance abuse, and/or medical problems, and 5) unemployment. Contextual factors, which promoted development of homelessness in the setting of primary roots, included women veterans' "survivor instinct," lack of social support and resources, sense of isolation, pronounced sense of independence, and barriers to care. These contextual factors also reinforced persistence of the roots of post-military adversity and mental health and substance abuse problems, serving to maintain cycles of chronic homelessness.


CONCLUSION
Collectively, these multiple, interacting roots and contextual factors form a "web of vulnerability" that is a target for action. Multiple points along the pathways to homelessness represent critical junctures for VA and community-based organizations to engage in prevention or intervention efforts on behalf of women veterans. Considering the multiple, interconnected challenges that these women veterans described, solutions to homelessness should address multiple risk factors, include trauma-informed care that acknowledges women veterans' traumatic experiences, and incorporate holistic responses that can contribute to healing and recovery.
Prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation.


DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.


SETTING
The National Population Health Survey of Canada, with frailty estimated at baseline (1994/95) and mortality follow-up to 2004/05.


PARTICIPANTS
Community-dwelling older adults (N=2,740, 60.8% women) aged 65 to 102 from 10 Canadian provinces. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,208 died.


MEASUREMENTS
Self-reported health information was used to construct a frailty index (Frailty Index) as a proportion of deficits accumulated in individuals. The main outcome measure was mortality.


RESULTS
The prevalence of frailty increased with age in men and women (correlation coefficient=0.955-0.994, P<.001). The Frailty Index estimated that 622 (22.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=21.0-24.4%) of the sample was frail. Frailty was more common in women (25.3%, 95% CI=23.2-27.5%) than in men (18.6%, 95% CI=15.9-21.3%). For those aged 85 and older, the Frailty Index identified 39.1% (95% CI=31.3-46.9%) of men as frail, compared with 45.1% (95% CI=39.7-50.5%) of women. Frailty significantly increased the risk of death, with an age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for the Frailty Index of 1.57 (95% CI=1.41-1.74).


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of frailty increases with age and at any age lessens survival. The Frailty Index approach readily identifies frail people at risk of death, presumably because of its use of multiple health deficits in multidimensional domains.
Decoupling capacitance allocation for power supply noise suppression

We investigate the problem of decoupling capacitance allocation for power supply noise suppression at floorplan level. Decoupling capacitance budgets for the circuit modules are calculated based on the power supply noise estimates. A linear programming technique is used to maximize the allocation of the existing white space in the floorplan for the placement of decoupling capacitors. An incremental heuristic is proposed to insert more white space into the existing floorplan to meet the remaining demand required for decoupling capacitance fabrication. Experimental results on six MCNC benchmark circuits show that the white space allocated for decoupling capacitance is about 6%-12% of the chip area for the 0.25μμ technology, and the power supply noise can be kept below 10%Vdd.
Channel Tracking for Wireless Energy Transfer: A Deep Recurrent Neural Network Approach

In this paper, we study channel tracking for the wireless energy transfer (WET) system, which is practically a very important, but challenging problem. Regarding the timevarying channels as a sequence to be predicted, we exploit the recurrent neural network (RNN) technique for channel tracking. Particularly, combining the deep long short-term memory (LSTM) RNN with the deep feedforward neural network, we develop a novel channel tracking scheme for the WET system, which estimates the channel state information (CSI) at the energy transmitter based on the previous CSI estimates, and the current and previous harvested energy feedback information from the energy receiver. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Gain-of-function mutations in SMAD4 cause a distinctive repertoire of cardiovascular phenotypes in patients with Myhre syndrome.

Myhre syndrome is a rare, distinctive syndrome due to specific gain-of-function mutations in SMAD4. The characteristic phenotype includes short stature, dysmorphic facial features, hearing loss, laryngotracheal anomalies, arthropathy, radiographic defects, intellectual disability, and a more recently appreciated spectrum of cardiovascular defects with a striking fibroproliferative response to surgical intervention. We report four newly described patients with typical features of Myhre syndrome who had (i) a mildly narrow descending aorta and restrictive cardiomyopathy; (ii) recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions; (iii) a large persistent ductus arteriosus with juxtaductal aortic coarctation; and (iv) restrictive pericardial disease requiring pericardiectomy. Additional information is provided about a fifth previously reported patient with fatal pericardial disease. A literature review of the cardiovascular features of Myhre syndrome was performed on 54 total patients, all with a SMAD4 mutation. Seventy percent had a cardiovascular abnormality including congenital heart defects (63%), pericardial disease (17%), restrictive cardiomyopathy (9%), and systemic hypertension (15%). Pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy are associated with high mortality (three patients each among 10 deaths); one patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy also had epicarditis. Cardiomyopathy and pericardial abnormalities distinguish Myhre syndrome from other disorders caused by mutations in the TGF-β signaling cascade (Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, or Shprintzen-Goldberg syndromes). We hypothesize that the expanded spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities relates to the ability of the SMAD4 protein to integrate diverse signaling pathways, including canonical TGF-β, BMP, and Activin signaling. The co-occurrence of congenital and acquired phenotypes demonstrates that the gene product of SMAD4 is required for both developmental and postnatal cardiovascular homeostasis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Value of body mass index in the diagnosis of obesity according to DEXA in well-controlled RA patients.

BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has an indirect effect on body composition. Body mass index (BMI) is not a valid predictor of body fat in RA patients.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of BMI in identifying obesity diagnosed according to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in well-controlled RA patients.


METHODS
An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study. We used 3 different cutoffs for obesity as determined by DXA: >35% total fat, >40% total fat, and >35% central fat mass (central obesity).


RESULTS
One hundred one patients were included. We found that 35% total fat corresponded to a BMI of 24kg/m2, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 75% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.917); 40% total fat to a BMI of 25kg/m2, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 39% (AUC 0.822); and 35% central fat mass to a BMI of 22kg/m2, with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 84% (AUC 0.951).


CONCLUSION
Obesity according to DXA was underdiagnosed when the classic BMI cutoffs were used in well-controlled RA patients.
Detecting Compounded Anomalous SNMP Situations Using Cooperative Unsupervised Pattern Recognition

This research employs unsupervised pattern recognition to approach the thorny issue of detecting anomalous network behavior. It applies a connectionist model to identify user behavior patterns and successfully demonstrates that such models respond well to the demands and dynamic features of the problem. It illustrates the effectiveness of neural networks in the field of Intrusion Detection (ID) by exploiting their strong points: recognition, classification and generalization. Its main novelty lies in its connectionist architecture, which up until the present has never been applied to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and network security. The IDS presented in this research is used to analyse network traffic in order to detect anomalous SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) traffic patterns. The results also show that the system is capable of detecting independent and compounded anomalous SNMP situations. It is therefore of great assistance to network administrators in deciding whether such anomalous situations represent real intrusions.
Online signal processing of internal anal sphincter activity during pelvic autonomic nerve stimulation: a new method to improve the reliability of intra-operative neuromonitoring signals.

AIM
Intra-operative neuromonitoring is increasingly applied in several surgical disciplines and has been introduced to facilitate pelvic autonomic nerve preservation. Nevertheless, it has been considered a questionable tool for the minimization of risk, as the results are variable and might be misleading. The aim of the present experimental study was to develop an intra-operative neuromonitoring system with improved reliability for monitoring pelvic autonomic nerve function.


METHOD
Fifteen pigs underwent low anterior rectal resection with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation. Intra-operative neuromonitoring was performed under autonomic nerve stimulation with observation of electromyographic signals of the internal anal sphincter and bladder manometry. As the internal anal sphincter frequency spectrum during stimulation was found to be mainly in the range of 5-20 Hz, intra-operative neuromonitoring signals were postoperatively processed by implementation of matching band pass filters.


RESULTS
In 10 preliminary experiments, signal processing was performed offline in the postoperative analysis. Of 163 stimulations intra-operatively assessed by the surgeon as positive responses, 135 (83%) were confirmed after signal processing. In the following five consecutive experiments intra-operative online signal processing was realized and demonstrated reliable intra-operative neuromonitoring signals of internal anal sphincter activity with significant increase during pelvic autonomic nerve stimulation [0.5 μV (interquartile range = 0.3-0.7) vs 4.8 μV (interquartile range = 2.5-7.5); P < 0.001].


CONCLUSION
Online signal processing of internal anal sphincter activity aids reliable identification of pelvic autonomic nerves with potential for improvement of intra-operative neuromonitoring in pelvic surgery.
The sertraline vs. electrical current therapy for treating depression clinical study: results from a factorial, randomized, controlled trial.

IMPORTANCE
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trials for major depressive disorder (MDD) have shown positive but mixed results.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the combined safety and efficacy of tDCS vs a common pharmacological treatment (sertraline hydrochloride, 50 mg/d).


DESIGN
Double-blind, controlled trial. Participants were randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial design to sertraline/placebo and active/sham tDCS.


SETTING
Outpatient, single-center academic setting in São Paulo, Brazil.


PARTICIPANTS
One hundred twenty antidepressant-free patients with moderate to severe, nonpsychotic, unipolar MDD.


INTERVENTIONS
Six-week treatment of 2-mA anodal left/cathodal right prefrontal tDCS (twelve 30-minute sessions: 10 consecutive sessions once daily from Monday to Friday plus 2 extra sessions every other week) and sertraline hydrochloride (50 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In this intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome measure was the change in Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale score at 6 weeks (end point). We considered a difference of at least 3 points to be clinically relevant. The analysis plan was previously published. Safety was measured with an adverse effects questionnaire, the young mania rating scale, and cognitive assessment. Secondary measures were rates of clinical response and remission and scores on other scales.


RESULTS
At the main end point, there was a significant difference in Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale scores when comparing the combined treatment group (sertraline/active tDCS) vs sertraline only (mean difference, 8.5 points; 95% CI, 2.96 to 14.03; P = .002), tDCS only (mean difference, 5.9 points; 95% CI, 0.36 to 11.43; P = .03), and placebo/sham tDCS (mean difference, 11.5 points; 95% CI, 6.03 to 17.10; P < .001). Analysis of tDCS only vs sertraline only presented comparable efficacies (mean difference, 2.6 points; 95% CI, -2.90 to 8.13; P = .35). Use of tDCS only (but not sertraline only) was superior to placebo/sham tDCS. Common adverse effects did not differ between interventions, except for skin redness on the scalp in active tDCS (P = .03). There were 7 episodes of treatment-emergent mania or hypomania, 5 occurring in the combined treatment group.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In MDD, the combination of tDCS and sertraline increases the efficacy of each treatment. The efficacy and safety of tDCS and sertraline did not differ. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01033084.
Adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): a phase 3 open-label, randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
D2 gastrectomy is recommended in US and European guidelines, and is preferred in east Asia, for patients with resectable gastric cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves patient outcomes after surgery, but the benefits after a D2 resection have not been extensively investigated in large-scale trials. We investigated the effect on disease-free survival of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin after D2 gastrectomy compared with D2 gastrectomy only in patients with stage II-IIIB gastric cancer.


METHODS
The capecitabine and oxaliplatin adjuvant study in stomach cancer (CLASSIC) study was an open-label, parallel-group, phase 3, randomised controlled trial undertaken in 37 centres in South Korea, China, and Taiwan. Patients with stage II-IIIB gastric cancer who had had curative D2 gastrectomy were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy of eight 3-week cycles of oral capecitabine (1000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14 of each cycle) plus intravenous oxaliplatin (130 mg/m(2) on day 1 of each cycle) for 6 months or surgery only. Block randomisation was done by a central interactive computerised system, stratified by country and disease stage. Patients, and investigators giving interventions, assessing outcomes, and analysing data were not masked. The primary endpoint was 3 year disease-free survival, analysed by intention to treat. This study reports a prespecified interim efficacy analysis, after which the trial was stopped after a recommendation by the data monitoring committee. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00411229).


FINDINGS
1035 patients were randomised (520 to receive chemotherapy and surgery, 515 surgery only). Median follow-up was 34·2 months (25·4-41·7) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and 34·3 months (25·6-41·9) in the surgery only group. 3 year disease-free survival was 74% (95% CI 69-79) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and 59% (53-64) in the surgery only group (hazard ratio 0·56, 95% CI 0·44-0·72; p<0·0001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in 279 of 496 patients (56%) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and in 30 of 478 patients (6%) in the surgery only group. The most common adverse events in the intervention group were nausea (n=326), neutropenia (n=300), and decreased appetite (n=294).


INTERPRETATION
Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin treatment after curative D2 gastrectomy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with operable gastric cancer.


FUNDING
F Hoffmann-La Roche and Sanofi-Aventis.
Toward a ban on lethal autonomous weapons: surmounting the obstacles

A 10-point plan toward fashioning a proposal to ban some---if not all---lethal autonomous weapons.
Driver Action Prediction Using Deep (Bidirectional) Recurrent Neural Network

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can be significantly improved with effective driver action prediction (DAP). Predicting driver actions early and accurately can help mitigate the effects of potentially unsafe driving behaviors and avoid possible accidents. In this paper, we formulate driver action prediction as a timeseries anomaly prediction problem. While the anomaly (driver actions of interest) detection might be trivial in this context, finding patterns that consistently precede an anomaly requires searching for or extracting features across multi-modal sensory inputs. We present such a driver action prediction system, including a real-time data acquisition, processing and learning framework for predicting future or impending driver action. The proposed system incorporates camera-based knowledge of the driving environment and the driver themselves, in addition to traditional vehicle dynamics. It then uses a deep bidirectional recurrent neural network (DBRNN) to learn the correlation between sensory inputs and impending driver behavior achieving accurate and high horizon action prediction. The proposed system performs better than other existing systems on driver action prediction tasks and can accurately predict key driver actions including acceleration, braking, lane change and turning at durations of 5sec before the action is executed by the driver. Keywords— timeseries modeling, driving assistant system, driver action prediction, driver intent estimation, deep recurrent neural network
A Question Answering System on Holy Quran Translation Based on Question Expansion Technique and Neural Network Classification

Corresponding Author: Suhaib Kh. Hamed Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology (CAIT), Faculty of Information Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia Tel:0060-1139044355 Email: Suhaib83.programmer@gmail.com Abstract: In spite of great efforts that have been made to present systems that support the user’s need of the answers from the Holy Quran, the current systems of English translation of Quran still need to do more investigation in order to develop the process of retrieving the accurate verse based on user’s question. The Islamic terms are different from one document to another and might be undefined for the user. Thus, the need emerged for a Question Answering System (QAS) that retrieves the exact verse based on a semantic search of the Holy Quran. The main objective of this research is to develop the efficiency of the information retrieval from the Holy Quran based on QAS and retrieving an accurate answer to the user’s question through classifying the verses using the Neural Network (NN) technique depending on the purpose of the verses’ contents, in order to match between questions and verses. This research has used the most popular English translation of the Quran of Abdullah Yusuf Ali as the data set. In that respect, the QAS will tackle these problems by expanding the question, using WordNet and benefitting from the collection of Islamic terms in order to avoid differences in the terms of translations and question. In addition, this QAS classifies the Al-Baqarah surah into two classes, which are Fasting and Pilgrimage based on the NN classifier, to reduce the retrieval of irrelevant verses since the user’s questions are asking for Fasting and Pilgrimage. Hence, this QAS retrieves the relevant verses to the question based on the N-gram technique, then ranking the retrieved verses based on the highest score of similarity to satisfy the desire of the user. According to F-measure, the evaluation of classification by using NN has shown an approximately 90% level and the evaluation of the proposed approach of this research based on the entire QAS has shown an approximately 87% level. This demonstrates that the QAS succeeded in providing a promising outcome in this critical field.