LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prostacyclin treatment in severe traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis and outcome study.

UNLABELLED
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a potent vasodilator, inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. In trauma the balance between PGI(2) and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is shifted towards TXA(2). Externally provided PGI(2) would, from a theoretical and experimental point of view, improve the microcirculation in injured brain tissue. This study is a prospective consecutive double-blinded randomized study on the effect of PGI(2) versus placebo in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). All patients with sTBI were eligible.


INCLUSION CRITERIA
verified sTBI, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at intubation and sedation of <or=8, age 15-70 years, a first-recorded cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of >or=10 mm Hg, and arrival within 24 h of trauma. All subjects received an intracranial pressure (ICP) measuring device, bilateral intracerebral microdialysis catheters, and a microdialysis catheter in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subjects were treated according to an ICP-targeted therapy based on the Lund concept. 48 patients (mean age of 35.5 years and a median GCS of 6 [3-8]) were included. We found no significant effect of prostacyclin (epoprostenol, Flolan) on either the lactate-pyruvate ratio (L/P) at 24 h or the brain glucose levels. There was no significant difference in clinical outcome between the two groups. The median Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months was 4, and mortality was 12.5%. The favorable outcome (GOS 4-5) was 52%. The initial L/P did not prognosticate for outcome. Thus our results indicate that there is no effect of PGI(2) at a dose of 0.5 ng/kg/min on brain L/P, brain glucose levels, or outcome at 3 months.
Reaching Gender Equity in Mathematics Education

Equity in mathematics education has been viewed by Fennema (1990) and by the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation (1992, 1998) as comprising several elements, among them equity of educational outcome. Equity of outcome is taken here to mean outcomes which, though they may vary from individual to individual, are not correlated with gender, race, class, or ethnicity. This paper will concern itself with the factor of gender alone, however, and from that point of view will consider two aspects of educational outcome: Part I will discuss the relative mathematics achievement (student performance) of boys and girls at the elementary and secondary levels, while Part II will discuss the relative representation of males and females at all levels of education in general and in the mathematical sciences in particular. The paper will present information on the progress towards gender equity in mathematics outcomes that has been made since the early sixties.
Benefits and Feasibility of the Flexible Airspace Management Concept: A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of Roles, Procedures, and Tools

A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to assess potential user and system benefits of the Flexible Airspace Management (FAM) concept, as well as designing role definitions, procedures, and tools to support the FAM operations in the midterm en route environment. The study evaluated the benefits and feasibility of flexible airspace reconfiguration in response to traffic overload caused by weather deviations versus a baseline condition with no airspace reconfiguration. The test airspace consisted of either four sectors in one Area of Specialization or seven sectors across two Areas. The test airspace was assumed to be at or above FL340 and required all aircraft to be fully equipped with data communications, automated transfer-of-communication, and advanced conflict detection and resolution capabilities on the controller stations. Overall, results showed that FAM operations with multiple Traffic Management Coordinators, Area Supervisors, and radar controllers worked remarkably well. The results showed both user and system benefits, including decreased flight distance, fewer reroutes, and increased airspace utilization. Also, the roles, procedures, airspace designs, and tools were well received by the participants. Airspace configuration options that resulted from a combination of algorithm-generated airspace configurations with manual modifications were well accepted during the airspace reconfiguration process. The results suggest a positive impact of the FAM operations in an en route environment with low traffic complexities and when aircraft are fully equipped with data communications. Further investigation needs to evaluate whether the benefits and feasibility of FAM extend to other environments such as those with mixed equipage and/or higher traffic
Electronic commerce, marketing channels and logistics platforms--a wholesaler perspective

Electronic commerce may impose new demands which the supply chain has to react to, while at the same time being an enabler of effective marketing and logistics. This paper describes alternative strategies for wholesalers conducting electronic commerce and how logistics may support the development of marketing channels and improve flexibility. Related issues with logistics implications are the decisions whether or not to use multiple channels and if intermediaries should totally bypass dealers, or rather collaborate by letting them manage the marketing relations and bypass them logistically. The concept of ‘‘logistics platforms’’ is discussed, based on empirical findings. Empirically the base is a case study of an intermediary with extensive use of business-to-business electronic commerce in a supply chain with independent dealers. The paper compares theoretical aspects with findings from the case and gives some indications of the potential of electronic commerce and logistics platforms. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study.

BACKGROUND
Multivitamin supplements are used by millions of Americans because of their potential health benefits, but the relationship between multivitamin use and prostate cancer is unclear.


METHODS
We prospectively investigated the association between multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer (localized, advanced, and fatal) in 295,344 men enrolled in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study who were cancer free at enrollment in 1995 and 1996. During 5 years of follow-up, 10,241 participants were diagnosed with incident prostate cancer, including 8765 localized and 1476 advanced cancers. In a separate mortality analysis with 6 years of follow-up, 179 cases of fatal prostate cancer were ascertained. Multivitamin use was assessed at baseline as part of a self-administered, mailed food-frequency questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by use of Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for established or suspected prostate cancer risk factors.


RESULTS
No association was observed between multivitamin use and risk of localized prostate cancer. However, we found an increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancers (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.67 and RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.07 to 3.66, respectively) among men reporting excessive use of multivitamins (more than seven times per week) when compared with never users. The incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for advanced and fatal prostate cancers for those who took a multivitamin more than seven times per week were 143.8 and 18.9, respectively, compared with 113.4 and 11.4 in never users. The positive associations with excessive multivitamin use were strongest in men with a family history of prostate cancer or who took individual micronutrient supplements, including selenium, beta-carotene, or zinc.


CONCLUSION
These results suggest that regular multivitamin use is not associated with the risk of early or localized prostate cancer. The possibility that men taking high levels of multivitamins along with other supplements have increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancers is of concern and merits further evaluation.
Speed-dependent treadmill training in ambulatory hemiparetic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
A new gait training strategy for patients with stroke seeks to increase walking speed through treadmill training. This study compares the effects of structured speed-dependent treadmill training (STT) (with the use of an interval paradigm to increase the treadmill speed stepwise according to principles of sport physiology) with limited progressive treadmill training (LTT) and conventional gait training (CGT) on clinical outcome measures for patients with hemiparesis.


METHODS
Sixty ambulatory poststroke patients were each randomly selected to receive 1 of the 3 different gait therapies: 20 subjects were treated with STT, 20 subjects were trained to walk on a treadmill with a 20% increase of belt speed over the treatment period (LTT), and 20 subjects were treated with CGT. Treatment outcomes were assessed on the basis of overground walking speed, cadence, stride length, and Functional Ambulation Category scores.


RESULTS
After a 4-week training period, the STT group scored significantly higher than the LTT and CGT groups for overground walking speed (STT versus LTT, P<0.001; STT versus CGT, P<0.001), cadence (STT versus LTT, P=0.007; STT versus CGT, P<0.001), stride length (STT versus LTT, P<0.001; STT versus CGT, P<0.001), and Functional Ambulation Category scores (STT versus LTT, P=0.007; STT versus CGT, P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Structured STT in poststroke patients resulted in better walking abilities than LTT or CGT. This gait training strategy provides a dynamic and integrative approach for the treatment of gait dysfunction after stroke.
Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications

Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. In fact, the WPT adopts the same basic theory which has already been developed for at least 30 years with the term inductive power transfer. WPT technology is developing rapidly in recent years. At kilowatts power level, the transfer distance increases from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency above 90%. The advances make the WPT very attractive to the electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both stationary and dynamic charging scenarios. This paper reviewed the technologies in the WPT area applicable to EV wireless charging. By introducing WPT in EVs, the obstacles of charging time, range, and cost can be easily mitigated. Battery technology is no longer relevant in the mass market penetration of EVs. It is hoped that researchers could be encouraged by the state-of-the-art achievements, and push forward the further development of WPT as well as the expansion of EV.
Brain responses to number sequences with and without active task requirement

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of the active task involvement versus the passive knowledge of the structure of the stimulation on event-related potentials (ERPs) to violation in number sequences. This should contribute to future development of an ERP test for neurological patients.


METHODS
ERPs were recorded in subjects who listened to 4-item sequences of numbers incrementing by one. Half of the sequences had an appropriate end item, whereas the other half ended inappropriately. The role of active versus passive condition was investigated in a between-subject design.


RESULTS
Incorrectly ending sequences yielded a large P300 wave in all groups. Subjects who were explicitly informed about the nature of the stimulation but did not have a motor task displayed a slow negativity which followed P300 and slightly suppressed it. In addition, incorrect sequence endings elicited an early (70-200 ms) negativity at frontal sites. This effect was inverted on mastoids.


CONCLUSIONS
Auditory perception of 3 consecutive numbers constituting a simple incrementing row leads to building a strong expectancy concerning the subsequent number, and unexpected events are detected already after the initial phoneme.
Triage template pipelines in digital forensic investigations

This paper addresses the increasing resources overload being experienced by law enforcement digital forensics units with the proposal to introduce triage template pipelines into the investigative process, enabling devices and the data they contain to be examined according to a number of prioritised criteria. a 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Scratch Programming Language and Environment

Scratch is a visual programming environment that allows users (primarily ages 8 to 16) to learn computer programming while working on personally meaningful projects such as animated stories and games. A key design goal of Scratch is to support self-directed learning through tinkering and collaboration with peers. This article explores how the Scratch programming language and environment support this goal.
Removal of direct blue-106 dye from aqueous solution using new activated carbons developed from pomegranate peel: adsorption equilibrium and kinetics.

The use of cheap, high efficiency and ecofriendly adsorbent has been studied as an alternative source of activated carbon for the removal of dyes from wastewater. This study investigates the use of activated carbons prepared from pomegranate peel for the removal of direct blue dye from aqueous solution. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to assess the effect of the system variables, i.e. initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration adsorbent dosage and contact time. The results showed that the adsorption of direct blue dye was maximal at pH 2, as the amount of adsorbent increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly but it decreased with the increase in initial dye concentration and solution temperature. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo-second-order rate kinetic model, with a good correlation (R(2)>0.99) and intra-particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-RadushKevich (D-R) and Harkins-Jura isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (DeltaG degrees ), standard enthalpy (DeltaH degrees ), standard entropy (DeltaS degrees ), and the activation energy (E(a)) have been calculated. The adsorption process of direct blue dye onto different activated carbons prepared from pomegranate peel was found to be spontaneous and exothermic process. The findings of this investigation suggest that the physical sorption plays a role in controlling the sorption rate.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy for incurable colorectal cancer: living with a PICC-line.

AIMS
(i) To determine which aspects of living with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line cause Modified de Gramont (MdG) patients most difficulty. (ii) To explore MdG patients' views of the PICC-line experience. (iii) To determine if patients view PICC-lines as a benefit or a burden when receiving ambulatory MdG chemotherapy.


DESIGN
A two-stage, descriptive study.


METHODS
Phase 1 comprised semi-structured interviews. Phase 2 surveyed the MdG population. Phase 1 interview data informed the Phase 2 questionnaire. The setting was a West of Scotland Cancer Care Centre and the sample was: Phase 1, a convenience sample of 10 MdG patients; Phase 2, 62 consecutive patients.


RESULTS
A response rate of 93.9% for Phase 2. The majority of PICC-line patients held favourable views towards having a PICC-line and adapted well with minimal disruption to daily life. Concerns were evident regarding coping at home with a PICC-line, chemotherapy spillage, dealing with complex information and the responsibility of patients/carers regarding PICC-line management. Patients preferred ambulatory chemotherapy to in-patient treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
PICC-lines should be considered for more chemotherapy patients but service development is necessary to ensure individual needs are addressed.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Contributes to the PICC-line literature by providing a national patient perspective on a range of daily living activities (DLAs). PICC-line patients prefer out-patient ambulatory chemotherapy rather than in-patient treatment. The longer a patient has a PICC-line, the more able they are to manage activities such as dressing. Concerns remain over chemotherapy spillage, partner/carer responsibility for PICC-line maintenance and the proper balance between required information and what the patient wants to know.
E-sports on the rise?: Critical considerations on the growth and erosion of organized digital gaming competitions

At a recent Reddit AMA (Ask Me Anything), Emmett Shear, CEO of Twitch.tv, the leading live video platform for streaming games, claimed that in a decade e-sports will be bigger than athletic sports [7]. While his statement was both hyperbolic and speculative, the particulars were not: e-sports tournaments have spectator numbers in the millions, recent franchise games have logged over a billion hours of gameplay, while experts and amateur e-sports enthusiasts alike regularly broadcast and share their competitive play online [1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10]. The growing passion for mainstream e-sports is apparent, though there are also interesting, less visible happenings on the periphery of the e-sports media industry - notably, the acts of life and death that happen off the polished main stage. Smaller tournaments have been cut to make way for major e-sports franchises [11]; games with a strong culture of dark play have attempted to encourage esport iterations, encountering conflict where bribery and espionage is interwoven with traditional sporting structures [2]; and third party organizations have created new ways to watch, participate, celebrate, but also profit from one's love of games [3]. In these actions, we find some of the ways in which competitive games and gaming lifestyles are extended, but also often dissolved from the main stages of e-sports. At a broader level, these events allow us to witness the growth and sedimentation of this new socio-technical form. Simultaneously, we observe its erosion as the practices and form of e-sports are subject to the compromises demanded by processes of cultural and audience reception, and attempts to maximise cultural appeal and commercial success. It is in the interplay between this ceaseless growth and erosion that the significance of e-sport can be found. E-sport represents a rare opportunity to observe the historical emergence of interactive gaming in a sporting 'skin', as well as new forms of sports-like competition realised through interactive gaming platforms. The position of this panel moves beyond questions of (sports) disciplinary rivalry to consider how e-sports extend our understanding of sports and competitive games more broadly. Drawing on qualitative studies, theoretical considerations, and practical work, this panel explores the tensions, but also the new "sporting" possibilities which emerge in moments of transition -- between the life and death of a tournament, the extension of spectatorship opportunities, the construction of a competitive gaming scene, and the question of how to best conceptualise e-sport at the intersection of gaming and sport.
Botulinum A toxin for glabellar wrinkles. Dose and response.

BACKGROUND
Botulinum A exotoxin injection is a well-established method for treatment of glabellar frown lines, crow's feet, and horizontal furrows of the forehead. However, there is no consensus as to the optimal dosage per injection site or the concentration of injectate to be used.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal effective dose per injection site to be used as well as the effect of concentration in response to treatment.


RESULTS
A total of 46 subjects were divided into ten groups and injected with escalating doses and concentrations of botulinum toxin. The response and longevity of treatment were then followed on a monthly basis. A dose between 2.5-4 U per injection site (12.5-20 U total) was determined to be an effective starting dose, with a duration of 2-5 months (median 14 weeks).


CONCLUSIONS
There was no statistically significant difference in safety or efficacy for concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 U/ml of botulinum toxin.
Phase I study to determine the maximal tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of orally administered idarubicin in dogs with lymphoma.

BACKGROUND
Idarubicin, a PO bioavailable anthracycline antibiotic-class chemotherapeutic, could have substantial convenience advantages over currently available similar class agents in use that require IV delivery.


OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and basic pharmacokinetic parameters of oral idarubicin exposure in dogs with lymphoma after a single oral dose. A secondary objective was to document preliminary antitumor efficacy in an expanded treatment cohort using the established MTD.


ANIMALS
Client-owned dogs with measurable lymphoma.


METHODS
Dogs (n = 31) were enrolled in a prospective open label phase I study of oral idarubicin. By means of a 3 + 3 cohort design, dose escalations were made with 3 dogs per dose level, and the MTD was established based on the number of patients experiencing a DLT. Plasma concentrations of idarubicin and idarubicinol were determined by postdose sampling. Assessment of antitumor efficacy focused on evaluation of accessible, measurable lymph nodes and skin lesions by modified RECIST guidelines.


RESULTS
The MTD in dogs > 15 kg body weight was 22 mg/m(2) . Adverse hematologic events (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) were the predominant DLT and generally correlated with higher plasma concentrations of idarubicin and idarubicinol.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
PO administered idarubicin was generally well-tolerated and had preliminary antitumor activity in dogs with lymphoma. Furthermore, the potential clinical advantage of a safe and efficacious oral anthracycline alternative supports further investigations of this agent in repeated-dose, randomized clinical trials.
MICROCONTROLLER BASED POWER INVERTER

1 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND STUDY 2 1.
Complexité et facteurs spéciaux

Among the factors of an infinite sequence on a finite alphabet, some elements have a particular importance: special and bispecial factors. We show how they can be used to compute the complexity of sequences, i.e. the number of factors with a given length, and to prove that certain functions are obtainable as sequence complexity whereas other functions are not.