LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Value of the SYNTAX score for risk assessment in the all-comers population of the randomized multicenter LEADERS (Limus Eluted from A Durable versus ERodable Stent coating) trial.

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the predictive value of the SYNTAX score (SXscore) for major adverse cardiac events in the all-comers population of the LEADERS (Limus Eluted from A Durable versus ERodable Stent coating) trial.


BACKGROUND
The SXscore has been shown to be an effective predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with multivessel disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.


METHODS
The SXscore was prospectively collected in 1,397 of the 1,707 patients enrolled in the LEADERS trial (patients after surgical revascularization were excluded). Post hoc analysis was performed by stratifying clinical outcomes at 1-year follow-up, according to 1 of 3 SXscore tertiles.


RESULTS
The 1,397 patients were divided into tertiles based on the SXscore in the following fashion: SXscore<or=8 (SXlow) (n=464), SXscore>8 and <or=16 (SXmid) (n=472), and SXscore>16 (SXhigh) (n=461). At 1-year follow-up, there was a significantly lower number of patients with major cardiac event-free survival in the highest tertile of SXscore (SXlow=92.2%, SXmid=91.1%, and SXhigh=84.6%; p<0.001). Death occurred in 1.5% of SXlow patients, 2.1% of SXmid patients, and 5.6% of SXhigh patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29 to 3.01; p=0.002). The myocardial infarction rate tended to be higher in the SXhigh group. Target vessel revascularization was 11.3% in the SXhigh group compared with 6.3% and 7.8% in the SXlow and SXmid groups, respectively (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.75; p=0.006). Composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target vessel revascularization was 7.8%, 8.9%, and 15.4% in the SXlow, SXmid, and SXhigh groups, respectively (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.81; p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The SXscore, when applied to an all-comers patient population treated with drug-eluting stents, may allow prospective risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. (LEADERS Trial Limus Eluted From A Durable Versus ERodable Stent Coating; NCT00389220).
Environments of formation of lithologic associations in the Torlesse accretionary wedge, Tararua Range, New Zealand

Abstract The Torlesse Complex in the southeastern Tararua Range, New Zealand, consists of two distinctive lithologic associations: a sedimentary association (95% of outcrop), consisting of sandstone, mudstone, calcareous siltstone, conglomerate, and olistostrome; and a volcanic association (5% of outcrop) which consists of basalt, red and green argillite, chert, and limestone. Rocks of the sedimentary association were deposited by turbidity currents and debris flows in a deep marine environment, as part of a mid-outer submarine fan. Detrital framework modes and whole rock geochemistry indicate that the sediments were eroded from an active, continental-margin magmatic arc that was heavily dissected and shedding sediment of mainly plutonic and metamorphic origin. Rocks of the volcanic association, although volumetrically insignificant, are widely distributed but occur mainly in the western half of the area. Both tholeiitic and alkalic basalts occur, and were erupted in an oceanic environment, both in mid-oc...
Analytical Closed-Form Expressions for Harmonic Distortion Corresponding to Novel Switching Sequences for Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters

Analytical closed-form expressions for harmonic distortion factors corresponding to various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques for a two-level inverter have been reported in the literature. This paper derives such analytical closed-form expressions, pertaining to centered space-vector PWM (CSVPWM) and eight different advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABCPWM) schemes, for a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. These ABCPWM schemes switch each phase at twice the nominal switching frequency in certain intervals of the line cycle while clamping each phase to one of the dc terminals over certain other intervals. The harmonic spectra of the output voltages, corresponding to the eight ABCPWM schemes, are studied and compared experimentally with that of CSVPWM over the entire modulation range. The measured values of weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) of the line voltage VWTHD are used to validate the analytical closed-form expressions derived. The analytical expressions, pertaining to two of the ABCPWM methods, are also validated by measuring the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line current ITHD on a 2.2-kW constant volts-per-hertz induction motor drive.
Analysis of Decoupled d-q Vector Control in DFIG Back-to-Back PWM Converter

The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is a 'special' variable speed induction machine and is widely used as modern large wind turbine generators. It is a standard, wound rotor induction machine with its stator windings directly connected to the grid and its rotor windings connected to the grid through an AC/DC/AC PWM converter. The AC/DC/AC converter normally consists of a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter, both of which are controlled by decoupled d- q control approaches. In order to gain proper control of a DFIG and appropriate DFIG integration with the grid, it is important to understand the power control characteristics of the two AC/DC converters. This paper focuses on the analysis of traditional decoupled d-q vector control approaches for control of DFIG wind turbines. A typical d-q control concept that has been used widely in DFIG converter control is reviewed in the paper. Then, detailed study is performed to investigate the power control characteristics of DFIG converter using decoupled d-q control approaches. Deficiencies of conventional d-q control mechanisms are discovered and analyzed both analytically and through computer simulation. An extensive simulation study is performed to examine the power control characteristics of DFIG PWM converter under different d-q control conditions.
The role of multidimensional social capital in crowdfunding: A comparative study in China and US

How does an entrepreneur’s social network impact crowdfunding? Based on social capital theory, we developed a research model and conducted a comparative study using objective data collected from China and the U.S. We found that an entrepreneur’s social network ties, obligations to fund other entrepreneurs, and the shared meaning of the crowdfunding project between the entrepreneur and the sponsors had significant effects on crowdfunding performance in both China and the U.S. The predictive power of the three dimensions of social capital was stronger in China than it was in the U.S. Obligation also had a greater impact in China. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. § This study is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (71302186), the Chinese Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Young Scholar Fund (12YJCZH306), the China National Social Sciences Fund (11AZD077), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JBK120505). * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 218 726 7334. E-mail addresses: haichao_zheng@163.com (H. Zheng), dli@d.umn.edu (D. Li), kaitlynwu@swufe.edu.cn (J. Wu), xuyun@swufe.edu.cn (Y. Xu).
Architectured materials in engineering and biology: fabrication, structure, mechanics and performance

Ever-increasing requirements for structural performance drive the research and the development of stronger, tougher and lighter materials. Specific microstructures, heterogeneities or hybrid compositions are now used in modern materials to generate high performance structures. Pushed to the extreme, these concepts lead to architectured materials, which contain highly controlled structures at length scales which are intermediate between the microscale and the size of the component. This review focuses on dense architectured materials made of building blocks of well-defined size and shape, arranged in two or three dimensions. These building blocks are stiff so their deformation remains small and within elastic limits, but their interfaces can channel cracks and undergo large deformations. These basic principles lead to building blocks which can slide, rotate, separate or interlock collectively, providing a wealth of tunable mechanisms. Nature is well ahead of engineers in making use of architectured materials. Materials such as bone, teeth or mollusc shells are made of stiff building blocks of well-defined sizes and shapes, bonded together by deformable bio-adhesives. These natural materials demonstrate how the interplay between building block properties, shape, size and arrangement together with non-linear behaviour at the interfaces generate unusual combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness. In this review we discuss the general principles underlying the structure and mechanics of engineering architectured materials and of biological and bio-inspired architectured materials. Recent progress and remaining issues in the modelling, design optimisation and fabrication of these materials are also presented. The discussion draws from examples in the engineering and natural worlds, emphasising not only how natural materials can help us improve existing architectured materials, but also how they can inspire entirely new structural materials with unusual and highly attractive combinations of properties.
Fog Computing: Principles, Architectures, and Applications

The Internet of Everything (IoE) solutions gradually bring every object online, and processing data in centralized cloud does not scale to requirements of such environment. This is because, there are applications such as health monitoring and emergency response that require low latency and delay caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact the performance. To this end, Fog computing has emerged, where cloud computing is extended to the edge of the network to decrease the latency and network congestion. Fog computing is a paradigm for managing a highly distributed and possibly virtualized environment that provides compute and network services between sensors and cloud data centers. This chapter provides background and motivations on emergence of Fog computing and defines its key characteristics. In addition, a reference architecture for Fog computing is presented and recent related development and applications are discussed. KeywordsInternet of Things; IoT; Web of Things; Cloud of Things; Fog Computing; IoT Applications; Edge Computing. 4.
The global k-means clustering algorithm

We present the global k-means algorithm which is an incremental approach to clustering that dynamically adds one cluster center at a time through a deterministic global search procedure consisting of N (with N being the size of the data set) executions of the k-means algorithm from suitable initial positions. We also propose modi2cations of the method to reduce the computational load without signi2cantly a3ecting solution quality. The proposed clustering methods are tested on well-known data sets and they compare favorably to the k-means algorithm with random restarts. ? 2002 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Layered architecture revisited — Comparison of research and practice

Organizing a software architecture into layers has been one of the earliest architectural styles ever used. Even today layered structure is a very common architectural style used in various industrial systems. However, we have observed that the usage of layered architectural style varies greatly in different contexts. This paper aims to compare the notion of software architecture layers in research literature as well as in industrial practice. Firstly, we performed a systematic literature review of research articles on layered software architectures; we also reviewed selected books of software architecture. Secondly, to understand the practice, we investigated a number different recent architecture documents to cover the current usage of layered architectures. Our results indicate that there is very little actual research done on layered architectures. The current usage of layered structures seems to be more complex than reported before. This gap between the research and practice needs to be bridged by researchers.
Maximizing lithium ion vehicle battery life through optimized partial charging

The limited lifetime, high cost, and large size of current lithium ion batteries are some of the primary obstacles to wider adoption of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Simulations presented in this paper predict that Li-ion battery life can be extended through intelligent charging, especially when predictions of next-day energy needs are used to charge the battery only as needed. As-needed charging minimizes battery degradation by minimizing time spent at high state-of-charge. Preliminary results presented here indicate that the battery of a vehicle used for daily commuting and short errands could see its useable life extended by up to 150 % over unoptimized charging.
Are community-based pharmacists underused in the care of persons living with HIV? A need for structural and policy changes.

OBJECTIVE
To describe community pharmacists' perceptions on their current role in direct patient care services, an expanded role for pharmacists in providing patient care services, and changes needed to optimally use pharmacists' expertise to provide high-quality direct patient care services to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Four Midwestern cities in the United States in August through October 2009.


PARTICIPANTS
28 community-based pharmacists practicing in 17 pharmacies.


INTERVENTIONS
Interviews.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Opinions of participants about roles of specialty and nonspecialty pharmacists in caring for patients living with HIV infections.


RESULTS
Pharmacists noted that although challenges in our health care system characterized by inaccessible health professionals presented opportunities for a greater pharmacist role, there were missed opportunities for greater level of patient care services in many community-based nonspecialty settings. Many pharmacists in semispecialty and nonspecialty pharmacies expressed a desire for an expanded role in patient care congruent with their pharmacy education and training.


CONCLUSION
Structural-level policy changes needed to transform community-based pharmacy settings to patient-centered medical homes include recognizing pharmacists as important players in the multidisciplinary health care team, extending the health information exchange highway to include pharmacist-generated electronic therapeutic records, and realigning financial incentives. Comprehensive policy initiatives are needed to optimize the use of highly trained pharmacists in enhancing the quality of health care to an ever-growing number of Americans with chronic conditions who access care in community-based pharmacy settings.
Analysis of Unexpected Conversion to Thoracotomy During Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND
Since anatomical lung resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was first introduced, VATS has played a major role in lung cancer. However, conversion to thoracotomy is a major concern because an unexpected thoracotomy increases the risk of potentially adverse outcomes. Therefore, we compared patients who were and were not converted to thoracotomy and identified the risk factors for thoracotomy conversion.


METHODS
Between January 2005 and December 2013, 69 of 1,110 VATS lobectomies for lung cancer required an unexpected conversion to thoracotomy. Each converted patient was individually matched to 3 randomly selected nonconverted patients based on date of operation, type of operation, and pathologic stage.


RESULTS
The most common cause of conversion was fibrocalcified lymph nodes, found in 28 patients (40.6%), followed by vascular injury in 20, tumor invasion or extension in 11, pleural adhesion in 5, incomplete interlobar fissure in 3, and failure of single-lung ventilation in 2. The differences in overall postoperative complications and in-hospital deaths were not significant; however, respiratory complications were significantly more common in the conversion group (p = 0.012). The independent risk factors for conversion were age 65 years and older, forced expiratory volume in 1 second of less than 1.8 L, and the presence of fibrocalcified lymph nodes on preoperative chest computed tomography.


CONCLUSIONS
Unexpected conversion to thoracotomy during VATS lobectomy in lung cancer does not appear to increase overall surgical morbidity and mortality. However, with high-risk patients, the surgeon requires careful selection for VATS candidate. Also, if necessary, the decision to convert must be made promptly to reduce possible critical respiratory complications.
Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm

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Multi Document Centroid-based Text Summarization

Text summarization is the process of taking a text document and creating a compressed version that consists of the most useful information for the user. One distinguishes between single-document summarizers (SDS) and multi-document summarizers (MDS). Multi-document summarization is much more complicated than single-document summarization. Factors that make multi-document summarization more difficult include: Multiple articles can be written by different authors, having different writing styles and document structure. Multiple articles might have contradictory views of the same event. A useful summarizer should be able to detect and handle this situation. Facts and views can change over time, documents written at different times may have conflicting information.
Parallel algorithms for hypergraph partitioning

Near-optimal decomposition is central to the efficient solution of numerous problems in scientific computing and computer-aided design. In particular, intelligent a priori partitioning of input data can greatly improve the runtime and scalability of large-scale parallel computations. Discrete data structures such as graphs and hypergraphs are used to formalise such partitioning problems, with hypergraphs typically preferred for their greater expressiveness. Optimal graph and hypergraph partitioning are NP-complete problems; however, serial heuristic algorithms that run in low-order polynomial time have been studied extensively and good tool support exists. Yet, to date, only graph partitioning algorithms have been parallelised. This thesis presents the first parallel hypergraph partitioning algorithms, enabling both partitioning of much larger hypergraphs, and computation of partitions with significantly reduced runtimes. In the multilevel approach which we adopt, the coarsening and refinement phases are performed in parallel while the initial partitioning phase is computed serially. During coarsening and refinement, a twophase approach overcomes concurrency issues involved in distributing the serial algorithms, while a hash-based data distribution scheme maintains load balance. A theoretical analysis demonstrates our algorithms’ asymptotic scalability. The algorithms are implemented in the Parkway tool. Experiments on hypergraphs from several application domains validate our algorithms and scalability model in two ways. Very large hypergraphs (10 vertices) are partitioned with consistent improvements in partition quality (of up to 60%) over an approximate approach that uses a state-of-the-art parallel graph partitioning tool. The algorithms also exhibit good empirical scalability and speedups are observed over serial hypergraph partitioning tools, while maintaining competitive partition quality. An application case study of parallel PageRank computation is presented. Applying hypergraph models for oneand two-dimensional sparse matrix decomposition on a number of publicly-available web graphs results in a significant reduction in communication overhead and a halving of per-iteration runtime.
Using multi-bit logic blocks and automated packing to improve field-programmable gate array density for implementing datapath circuits

As the logic capacity of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) increases, they are being increasingly used to implement large arithmetic-intensive applications, which often contain a large proportion of datapath circuits. Since datapath circuits usually consist of regularly structured components, called bit-slices, it is possible to utilize datapath regularity in order to achieve significant area savings through FPGA architectural innovations. This work describes such an FPGA logic block architecture, called a multi-bit logic block, which employs configuration memory sharing to exploit datapath regularity. It is experimentally shown that, comparing to conventional FPGA logic blocks, the multi-bit logic blocks can achieve 18% to 26% logic block area reduction for implementing datapath circuits, which represents an overall FPGA area saving of 5% to 13%. A packing algorithm for the multi-bit logic block architecture is also proposed in this paper; and it is used to empirically find the best values for several important architectural parameters of the new architecture, including the most area efficient granularity values and the most area efficient amount of configuration memory sharing.