LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Composition chimique et activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc

Ce travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne et antifongique et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de Thymus capitatus et de Thymus bleicherianus du Maroc. Les échantillons de Thymus capitatus ont fourni le rendement le plus élevé: 2,05 % contre 1,75 % pour Thymus bleicherianus. Les analyses chromatographiques (CG et CG/SM) ont montré que l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus contient le carvacrol (70,92 %) comme constituant majoritaire et que celle de Thymus bleicherianus est dominée par l’a-terpinène (42,20 %) et le thymol (23,90 %). L’activité antimicrobienne des deux huiles essentielles a été étudiée vis-à-vis de sept micro-organismes. Pour l’huile essentielle de Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus et Penicillium expansum sont les plus sensibles, ils ont été inhibés à partir de 1/3000 v/v. Quant à l’huile essentielle de Thymus bleicherianus, toutes les souches bactériennes ont été inhibées à faible concentration de 1/2000 v/v. Cette bioactivité est due principalement à la richesse de ces essences en carvacrol et en thymol qui sont connus pour leur efficacité contre les agents microbiens. L’effet inhibiteur de ces huiles sur le développement bactérien et fongique laisse entrevoir des perspectives d’application dans les domaines de l’industrie alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique. This work studies the chemical composition and antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Moroccan Thymus capitatus and Thymus bleicherianus. The samples of Thymus capitatus provided the highest yield: 2.05 % as against 1.75% for Thymus bleicherianus. The chromatographic analyses (GC and GC/MS) showed that the main constituent of essential oil of Thymus capitatus is carvacrol (70.92 %), while essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus contains mainly α-terpinene (42.2%) and thymol (23.9%). Antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was studied with respect to seven microorganisms. For essential oil of Thymus capitatus, Bacillus subtilus and Penicillium expansum were most sensitive, being inhibited as from 1/3000 v/v. As for essential oil of Thymus bleicherianus, however, all bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations as weak as 1/2000 v/v. This bioactivity is due mainly to their high carvacrol and thymol content, substances known for their effectiveness against microbial agents. The inhibiting effect of these oils on bacterial and fungal development indicates their potential use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Evaluation of the European LeukemiaNet recommendations for predicting outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC): A Brazilian experience.

BACKGROUND
Current results regarding treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) point to significant differences between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). Excluding well-known socioeconomic issues, genetic markers important for prognosis have not been properly incorporated into the clinical practice so far and their usefulness outside of well-controlled clinical trials remain unknown.


METHODS
Here, we assessed the clinical significance of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations in 196 consecutive patients with AML in a real-life setting. All patients were younger than 60 years of age (49% male) and treated with conventional chemotherapy for induction and consolidation in three Brazilian Institutions that well represent Brazilian geographic and socioeconomic diversity.


FINDINGS
Multivariable analysis showed that ELN recommendations had a slight association with complete remission achievement (odds ratio: 0.74, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.53-1.01; P=0.06), but were independently associated with poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio, HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.54; P=0.002), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.03-1.95; P=0.028) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.47; P=0.007), considering initial leukocyte counts and age as confounders. ELN recommendations had no impact on cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.09).


INTERPRETATION
Our results suggest that within the context of LMIC, the prognostic markers recommended by ELN may be useful to predict patient's clinical outcomes; however, the OS, DFS and EFS were shorter than the reported in Europe and US for the respective risk groups.
A new society.

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading new society is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Fault Location for Underground Power Cable Using Distributed Parameter Approach

This paper proposes an extensive fault location model for underground power cable in distribution system using voltage and current measurements at the sending-end. First, an equivalent circuit that models a faulted underground cable system is analyzed using distributed parameter approach. Then, the analysis of sequence networks in three-phase network is obtained by applying the boundary conditions. This analysis is used to calculate a fault distance in single section using voltage and current equations. The extension to multi-section is further analyzed based on Korean distribution systems. This method is an iterative process to determine a faulted section from the network. Finally, the case studies are evaluated with variations of fault distance and resistance, which also includes the evaluation of its robustness to load uncertainty.
Municipal Experience with “Pay-as-You-Throw” Policies: Findings from a National Survey

Municipal Experience with "Pay-As-You-Throw" Policies: Findings From a National Survey Based on a large, nationally representative sample of cities with recycling programs, this study examines whether a Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) pricing policy for solid waste collection and disposal service is an incentive for households to change their waste disposal and recycling behaviors. The study finds that cities that adopted this policy realized significant reductions in the amount of waste disposed per household and significant increases in the amount of materials recycled, controlling for the effects of other policies and demographic features. The study concludes that a PAYT policy has potential to help local officials advance the strategic waste management goals of waste reduction, increased recycling, and control of waste disposal costs. Municipal Experience with "Pay As You Throw" Policies: Findings From a National Survey Pay as you throw (PAYT), also known as variable rate or unit based pricing charges customers based on the amount of solid waste they discard. This strategy for pricing local solid waste collection and disposal services is analogous to that used by local utilities for electricity, gas, water, and sanitary sewer services where customers pay for what they use, except in this case, citizens pay for how much they throw away. Once limited to a few hundred cities 20 years ago, there now are 4,032 communities in 43 states with PAYT programs (U.S. EPA 2000). Collectively, these communities serve about 10% of the U.S. population or about 27 million residents (Burgiel and Randall 1998). What prompted local officials in these communities to tackle the political challenges of persuading citizens to pay for solid waste collection and disposal based on the volume of waste discarded? Why adopt this method of financing and abandon reliance on local taxes as the primary funding mechanism, especially when many citizens might conclude that they must now pay for this formerly "free" service? Similarly, are the merits of a variable fee system sufficient to overcome the simplicity of a flat fee policy that charges all households the same amount regardless of how much waste they place at the curb? What have communities with PAYT policies learned that might benefit other local officials considering adoption of this policy? There are several purported benefits of PAYT policies. Among the more prominent advantages described in the literature are the potential to: reduce solid waste collection and disposal costs for the community, reduce the volume of waste generated by households, and increase the levels of solid waste recycling and composting (Kutzmark and Canterbury 1996, Canterbury 1998, Horton 1999, Bauer and Miranda 1996). Claims of savings in collection and disposal costs are predicated primarily on less municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed by
System for protecting software and method for verifying software

PURPOSE: To disable unauthorized use of software without inconveniencing the developer or user of the software. CONSTITUTION: An enciphering program related with this system converts all existing programs into new programs called software with protection. The software with protection is a program including the original software in an encoded configuration, and the large part of redundancy is removed by compression so that the removal of the protect can be made difficult, and the size of the software with protection can be reduced. A user dials a certain telephone number, and obtains a number used for decoding an enciphered computer program by the software with protection in order to use the software. This telephone number is used for a service fee payment speech so that the action of the speech can guarantee that the user pays fees related with the usage of the software.
TAPHS: thermal-aware unified physical-level and high-level synthesis

Thermal effects are becoming increasingly important during integrated circuit design. Thermal characteristics influence reliability, power consumption, cooling costs, and performance. It is necessary to consider thermal effects during all levels of the design process, from the architectural level to the physical level. However, design-time temperature prediction requires access to block placement, wire models, power profile, and a chip-package thermal model. Thermal-aware design and synthesis necessarily couple architectural-level design decisions (e.g., scheduling) with physical design (e.g., floorplanning) and modeling (e.g., wire and thermal modeling).This article proposes an efficient and accurate thermal-aware floorplanning high-level synthesis system that makes use of integrated high-level and physical-level thermal optimization techniques. Voltage islands are automatically generated via novel slack distribution and voltage partitioning algorithms in order to reduce the design's power consumption and peak temperature. A new thermal-aware floorplanning technique is proposed to balance chip thermal profile, thereby further reducing peak temperature. The proposed system was used to synthesize a number of benchmarks, yielding numerous designs that trade off peak temperature, integrated circuit area, and power consumption. The proposed techniques reduces peak temperature by 12.5°C on average. When used to minimize peak temperature with a fixed area, peak temperature reductions are common. Under a constraint on peak temperature, integrated circuit area is reduced by 9.9% on average.
Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell implantation reduces long-term major amputation risk in patients with critical limb ischemia: a comparison of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease and Buerger disease.

BACKGROUND
Bone-marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) implantation improves ischemic symptoms in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes after autologous BM-MNC implantation in patients with CLI.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We assessed long-term clinical outcomes after BM-MNC implantation in 51 patients with CLI, including 25 patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and 26 patients with Buerger disease. Forty-six CLI patients who had no BM-MNC implantation served as control subjects. Median follow-up period was 4.8 years. The 4-year amputation-free rates after BM-MNC implantation were 48% in PAD patients and 95% in Buerger disease, and they were 0% in control PAD patients and 6% in control Buerger disease. The 4-year overall survival rates after BM-MNC implantation were 76% in PAD patients and 100% in Buerger disease, and they were 67% in control PAD patients and 100% in control Buerger disease. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that BM-MNC implantation correlated with prevention of major amputation and that hemodialysis and diabetes mellitus correlated with major amputation. In Buerger disease, ankle brachial pressure index and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were significantly increased after 1 month and remained high during 3-year follow-up. However, in patients with PAD, ankle brachial pressure index and transcutaneous oxygen pressure significantly increased after 1 month and gradually decreased during 3-year follow-up and returned to baseline levels.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that BM-MNC implantation is safe and effective in patients with CLI, especially in patients with Buerger disease. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/angio/. Unique identifier: 001769.
Effects of zinc supplementation on subscales of anorexia in children: A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess the effects of zinc supplementation on improving the appetite and its subscales in children.


METHODS
This study was conducted in 2013 in Isfahan, Iran. It had two phases. At the first step, after validation of the Child Eating Behaviour Questionaire (CEBQ), it was completed for 300 preschool children, who were randomly selected. The second phase was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. Eighty of these children were randomly selected, and were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number receiving zinc (10 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks.


RESULTS
Overall 77 children completed the trial (39 in the case and 3 in the control group).The results showed that zinc supplement can improve calorie intake in children by affecting some CEBQ subscales like Emotional over Eating and Food Responsible.


CONCLUSION
Zinc supplementation had positive impact in promoting the calorie intake and some subscales of anorexia.
A randomized trial of yoga for adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently experience interference with everyday activities. Mind-body approaches such as yoga have been recommended as interventions for patients with IBS. Despite promising results among adult samples, there have been limited studies exploring the efficacy of yoga with pediatric patients.


OBJECTIVE
To conduct a preliminary randomized study of yoga as treatment for adolescents with IBS.


METHODS
Twenty-five adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with IBS were randomly assigned to either a yoga or wait list control group. Before the intervention, both groups completed questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, functional disability, coping, anxiety and depression. The yoga intervention consisted of a 1 h instructional session, demonstration and practice, followed by four weeks of daily home practice guided by a video. After four weeks, adolescents repeated the baseline questionnaires. The wait list control group then received the yoga intervention and four weeks later completed an additional set of questionnaires.


RESULTS
Adolescents in the yoga group reported lower levels of functional disability, less use of emotion-focused avoidance and lower anxiety following the intervention than adolescents in the control group. When the pre- and postintervention data for the two groups were combined, adolescents had significantly lower scores for gastrointestinal symptoms and emotion-focused avoidance following the yoga intervention. Adolescents found the yoga to be helpful and indicated they would continue to use it to manage their IBS.


CONCLUSIONS
Yoga holds promise as an intervention for adolescents with IBS.
Evaluation of the Intel RealSense SR300 camera for image-guided interventions and application in vertebral level localization

PURPOSE: Optical pose tracking of medical instruments is often used in image-guided interventions. Unfortunately, compared to commonly used computing devices, optical trackers tend to be large, heavy, and expensive devices. Compact 3D vision systems, such as Intel RealSense cameras can capture 3D pose information at several magnitudes lower cost, size, and weight. We propose to use Intel SR300 device for applications where it is not practical or feasible to use conventional trackers and limited range and tracking accuracy is acceptable. We also put forward a vertebral level localization application utilizing the SR300 to reduce risk of wrong-level surgery. METHODS: The SR300 was utilized as an object tracker by extending the PLUS toolkit to support data collection from RealSense cameras. Accuracy of the camera was tested by comparing to a high-accuracy optical tracker. CT images of a lumbar spine phantom were obtained and used to create a 3D model in 3D Slicer. The SR300 was used to obtain a surface model of the phantom. Markers were attached to the phantom and a pointer and tracked using Intel RealSense SDK’s built-in object tracking feature. 3D Slicer was used to align CT image with phantom using landmark registration and display the CT image overlaid on the optical image. RESULTS: Accuracy of the camera yielded a median position error of 3.3mm (95 percentile 6.7mm) and orientation error of 1.6 (95 percentile 4.3) in a 20x16x10cm workspace, constantly maintaining proper marker orientation. The model and surface correctly aligned demonstrating the vertebral level localization application. CONCLUSION: The SR300 may be usable for pose tracking in medical procedures where limited accuracy is acceptable. Initial results suggest the SR300 is suitable for vertebral level localization.
Outcomes and stability in patients with anterior open bite and long anterior face height treated with temporary anchorage devices and a maxillary intrusion splint.

INTRODUCTION
Temporary skeletal anchorage devices now offer the possibility of closing anterior open bites and decreasing anterior face height by intruding maxillary posterior teeth, but data for treatment outcomes are lacking. This article presents outcomes and posttreatment changes for consecutive patients treated with a standardized technique.


METHODS
The sample included 33 consecutive patients who had intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth with a maxillary occlusal splint and nickel-titanium coil springs to temporary anchorage devices in the zygomatic buttress area, buccal and apical to the maxillary molars. Of this group, 30 had adequate cephalograms available for the period of treatment, 27 had cephalograms including 1-year posttreatment, and 25 had cephalograms from 2 years or longer.


RESULTS
During splint therapy, the mean molar intrusion was 2.3 mm. The mean decrease in anterior face height was 1.6 mm, less than expected because of a 0.6-mm mean eruption of the mandibular molars. During the postintrusion orthodontics, the mean change in maxillary molar position was a 0.2-mm extrusion, and there was a mean 0.5-mm increase in face height. Positive overbite was maintained in all patients, with a slight elongation (<2 mm) of the incisors contributing to this. During the 1 year of posttreatment retention, the mean changes were a further eruption of 0.5 mm of the maxillary molars, whereas the mandibular molars intruded by 0.6 mm, and there was a small decrease in anterior face height. Changes beyond 1 year posttreatment were small and attributable to growth rather than relapse in tooth positions.


CONCLUSIONS
Intrusion of the maxillary posterior teeth can give satisfactory correction of moderately severe anterior open bites, but 0.5 to 1.5 mm of reeruption of these teeth is likely to occur. Controlling the vertical position of the mandibular molars so that they do not erupt as the maxillary teeth are intruded is important in obtaining a decrease in face height.
The tempotron: a neuron that learns spike timing–based decisions

The timing of action potentials in sensory neurons contains substantial information about the eliciting stimuli. Although the computational advantages of spike timing–based neuronal codes have long been recognized, it is unclear whether, and if so how, neurons can learn to read out such representations. We propose a new, biologically plausible supervised synaptic learning rule that enables neurons to efficiently learn a broad range of decision rules, even when information is embedded in the spatiotemporal structure of spike patterns rather than in mean firing rates. The number of categorizations of random spatiotemporal patterns that a neuron can implement is several times larger than the number of its synapses. The underlying nonlinear temporal computation allows neurons to access information beyond single-neuron statistics and to discriminate between inputs on the basis of multineuronal spike statistics. Our work demonstrates the high capacity of neural systems to learn to decode information embedded in distributed patterns of spike synchrony.Note: The PDF version of this article was corrected on the 14th of February, and the HTML version on the 16th of February. Please see the PDF for details.
Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee: Medial Closing Wedge Versus Lateral Opening Wedge: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE
(1) To determine the radiographic correction/healing rate, patient-reported outcomes, reoperation rate, and complication rate after distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) for the valgus knee with lateral compartment pathology. (2) To summarize the reported results of medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge DFO.


METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to identify studies reporting outcomes of DFOs for the valgus knee. Keywords included "distal femoral osteotomy," "chondral," "cartilage," "valgus," "joint restoration," "joint preservation," "arthritis," and "gonarthrosis." Two authors first reviewed the articles; our study exclusion criteria were then applied, and the articles were included on the basis relevance defined by the aforementioned criteria. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scale judged the quality of the literature. Sixteen studies were relevant to the research questions out of 191 studies identified by the original search.


RESULTS
Sixteen studies were identified reporting on 372 osteotomies with mean follow-up of 45 to 180 months. All studies reported mean radiographic correction to a near neutral mechanical axis, with 3.2% nonunion and 3.8% delayed union rates. There was a 9% complication rate and a 34% reoperation rate, of which 15% were converted to arthroplasty. There were similar results reported for medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge techniques, with a higher conversion to arthroplasty in the medial closing wedge that was confounded by longer mean follow-up in this group (mean follow-up 100 v 58 months).


CONCLUSIONS
DFOs for the valgus knee with lateral compartment disease provide improvements in patient-reported knee health-related quality of life at midterm follow-up but have high rates of reoperation. No evidence exists proving better results of either the lateral opening wedge or medial closing wedge techniques.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.