LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancement of metal nanowire transparent conducting electrodes by mesoscale metal wires.

For transparent conducting electrodes in optoelectronic devices, electrical sheet resistance and optical transmittance are two of the main criteria. Recently, metal nanowires have been demonstrated to be a promising type of transparent conducting electrode because of low sheet resistance and high transmittance. Here we incorporate a mesoscale metal wire (1-5 μm in diameter) into metal nanowire transparent conducting electrodes and demonstrate at least a one order of magnitude reduction in sheet resistance at a given transmittance. We realize experimentally a hybrid of mesoscale and nanoscale metal nanowires with high performance, including a sheet resistance of 0.36 Ω sq(-1) and transmittance of 92%. In addition, the mesoscale metal wires are applied to a wide range of transparent conducting electrodes including conducting polymers and oxides with improvement up to several orders of magnitude. The metal mesowires can be synthesized by electrospinning methods and their general applicability opens up opportunities for many transparent conducting electrode applications.
USING THE JOB DEMANDS-RESOURCES MODEL TO PREDICT BURNOUT AND

characteristics, burnout, and (other-ratings of) performance (N 146). We hypothesized that job demands (e.g., work pressure and emotional demands) would be the most important antecedents of the exhaustion component of burnout, which, in turn, would predict in-role performance (hypothesis 1). In contrast, job resources (e.g., autonomy and social support) were hypothesized to be the most important predictors of extra-role performance, through their relationship with the disengagement component of burnout (hypothesis 2). In addition, we predicted that job resources would buffer the relationship between job demands and exhaustion (hypothesis 3), and that exhaustion would be positively related to disengagement (hypothesis 4). The results of structural equation modeling analyses provided strong support for hypotheses 1, 2, and 4, but rejected hypothesis 3. These findings support the JD-R model’s claim that job demands and job resources initiate two psychological processes, which eventually affect organizational outcomes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pebblings, Edgings, and Equational Logic

A lower bound of Ω(<italic>n/logn</italic>) space is shown for two natural proof systems for equational logic. The method introduces an <italic>edging game,</italic> a generalization of the pebble game [P].
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose

We present a generative appearance-based method for recognizing human faces under variation in lighting and viewpoint. Our method exploits the fact that the set of images of an object in fixed pose, but under all possible illumination conditions, is a convex cone in the space of images. Using a small number of training images of each face taken with different lighting directions, the shape and albedo of the face can be reconstructed. In turn, this reconstruction serves as a generative model that can be used to render—or synthesize—images of the face under novel poses and illumination conditions. The pose space is then sampled, and for each pose the corresponding illumination cone is approximated by a low-dimensional linear subspace whose basis vectors are estimated using the generative model. Our recognition algorithm assigns to a test image the identity of the closest approximated illumination cone (based on Euclidean distance within the image space). We test our face recognition method on 4050 images from the Yale Face Database B; these images contain 405 viewing conditions (9 poses 45 illumination conditions) for 10 individuals. The method performs almost without error, except on the most extreme lighting directions, and significantly outperforms popular recognition methods that do not use a generative model.
Comparative Analysis of Different Types of Full Adder Circuits

The Full Adder circuit is an important component in application such as Digital Signal Processing (DSP) architecture, microprocessor, and microcontroller and data processing units. This paper discusses the evolution of full adder circuits in terms of lesser power consumption, higher speed. Starting with the most conventional 28 transistor full adder and then gradually studied full adders consisting of as less as 8 transistors. We have also included some of the most popular full adder cells like dynamic CMOS [9], Dual rail domino logic[14], Static Energy Recovery Full Adder (SERF) [7] [8], Adder9A, Adder9B, GDI based full adder.
Beyond the 'east-west' dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood.

Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
Green explosives: Collateral damage

Nature 427, 580-581 (12 February 2004) | doi: 10.1038/427580a Green explosives: Collateral damage Jim Giles1 1. Jim Giles is a reporter for Nature, based in London. Abstract Even munitions that are never used in anger can have a long-term impact on the environment, a minimize the risks. Jim Giles talks to the chemists who are developing 'green' explosives. "I know ... some people think it is an oxymoron." Ron Jones sounds weary. He has had to deal w questioning before. "But we really do need green explosives." Bombing and shelling can't be good for any ecosystem. But away from the heat of battle, military research funds into developing less-toxic explosives that should be better both for the personnel the environment. Jones and his colleagues at the US Naval Air Warfare Center in China Lake, California, for insta based compounds used to fire guns. Other groups want to phase out explosives whose residues n when detonated, but also cause problems when unused ordnance is disposed of. "The environm beyond what you see in combat," says Jones. Pollution is a particularly pressing issue at the firing ranges where soldiers and law-enforcemen When you pull the trigger of a firearm, two small explosions follow. First a hammer or an electri amount of 'primer' explosive. This ignites a larger amount of explosive, which forces the bullet d The problem is that the most widely used primers contain lead. Two of the current favourites — responsible for the dangerously high levels of lead found at some firing ranges. A 1991 survey, fo who had just cleaned a range run by the FBI in Quantico, Virginia, had levels of lead in their blo government health limits1. Target practice Jones and his colleagues hope to replace lead compounds with nanoparticles of aluminium, whi mix particles averaging 50 nanometres across with acetylene black, a form of carbon, and molyb the mixture electrically conductive, allowing it to be ignited by passing a current through it. The The researchers are now running tests to assess 'action times' — the gap between the ignition cu leaving the muzzle of the gun, which for military purposes needs to be less than 4 milliseconds. and other assessments, they could be in use sometime in the next decade. At Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, chemists led by Thomas Klapötke have Page 1 of 4 Green explosivesCollateral damage : Nature
Female College Students' Media Use and Academic Outcomes: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study.

This longitudinal study describes women's media use during their first year of college and examines associations between media use and academic outcomes. Female students (N = 483, Mage = 18.1 years) reported on their use of 11 media forms and their grade point average, academic behaviors, academic confidence, and problems affecting schoolwork. Allowing for multi-tasking, women reported nearly 12 hours of media use per day; use of texting, music, the Internet, and social networking was heaviest. In general, media use was negatively associated with academic outcomes after controlling for prior academics and demographics. Exceptions were newspaper reading and music listening, which were positively associated with academic outcomes. There were significant indirect effects of magazine reading and social networking on GPA via academic behaviors, confidence, and problems. Results show that female college students are heavy users of new media, and that some forms of media use may adversely impact academic performance.
Adherence to Cardiovascular Disease Medications: Does Patient-Provider Race/Ethnicity and Language Concordance Matter?

Patient–physician race/ethnicity and language concordance may improve medication adherence and reduce disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by fostering trust and improved patient–physician communication. To examine the association of patient race/ethnicity and language and patient–physician race/ethnicity and language concordance on medication adherence rates for a large cohort of diabetes patients in an integrated delivery system. We studied 131,277 adult diabetes patients in Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2005. Probit models assessed the effect of patient and physician race/ethnicity and language on adherence to CVD medications, after controlling for patient and physician characteristics. Ten percent of African American, 11 % of Hispanic, 63% of Asian, and 47% of white patients had same race/ethnicity physicians. 24% of Spanish-speaking patients were linguistically concordant with their physicians. African American (46%), Hispanic (49%) and Asian (52%) patients were significantly less likely than white patients (58%) to be in good adherence to all of their CVD medications (p < 0.001). Spanish-speaking patients were less likely than English speaking patients to be in good adherence (51% versus 57%, p < 0.001). Race concordance for African American patients was associated with adherence to all their CVD medications (53% vs. 50%, p < 0.05). Language concordance was associated with medication adherence for Spanish-speaking patients (51% vs. 45%, p < 0.05). Increasing opportunities for patient–physician race/ethnicity and language concordance may improve medication adherence for African American and Spanish-speaking patients, though a similar effect was not observed for Asian patients or English-proficient Hispanic patients.
SOME REMARKS ON THE CAPACITY OF A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

One of the most important and well-known theorems in information theory is the capacity theorem (Theorem 1) of a discrete. memory less and regular channel. Another is the matching theorem (Theorem 3) about the information systems with symbols possessing time-durations. Although the two are seemingly irrelevant to each other, a close connection between them will be shown in Section 2 by presenting a general theorem which includes the two theorems as the two special cases. In Section I an interpretation of the capacity theorem is given by introduing the cost consideration into the information system. Information theory in its communication-engineering sense, the author thinks, consists of the two main branches, coding theory and information transmission theory. As to the former we do not know any example of applications to operations research problems. But as to the latter, Professor Kunisawa of Tokyo Institute of Technology has devoted his efforts in these several years to the exploration of both the theory and case studies [2]. The present note will be a little and further contribution along this line.
Statistics on Adoption in the United States.

Adoption is a topic of crucial importance both to those directly involved and to society. Yet, at this writing, the federal government collects no comprehensive national statistics on adoption. The purpose of this article is to address what we do know, what we do not know, and what we need to know about the statistics on adoption. The article provides an overview of adoption and describes data available regarding adoption arrangements and the characteristics of parents who relinquish children, of children who are adopted or in substitute care, and of adults who seek to adopt. Recommendations for future data collection are offered, including the establishment of a national data collection system for adoption statistics. doption is an issue of vital importance for all persons involved in Kathy S. Stolley, M.A., is an instructor in the A the adoption triangle: the child, the adoptive parents, and the Department of Sociology birthparents. According to national estimates, one million children in the United States live with adoptive parents, and from 2% to and Criminal Justice at Old Dominion Univer4% of American families include an adopted child. sity, Norfolk, VA. Adoption is most important for infertile couples seeking children and children in need of parents. Yet adoption issues also have consequences for the larger society in such areas as public welfare and mental health. Additionally, adoption can be framed as a public health issue, particularly in light of increasing numbers of pediatric AIDS cases and concerns regarding drug-exposed infants, and “boarder” babies available for adoption. Adoption is also often supported as an alternative to abortion. Limitations of Available Data Despite the importance of adoption to many groups, it remains an underresearched area and a topic on which the data are incomplete. Indeed, at this writing, no comprehensive national data on adoption are collected by the federal government. Through the Children’s Bureau and later the National Center for Social Statistics (NCSS), the federal government collected adoption data periodically between 1944 and 1957, then annually from 1957 to 1975. States voluntarily reported summary statistics on all types of finalized adoptions using data primarily drawn from court records. The number of states and territories participating in this reporting system varied from year to year, ranging from a low of 22 in 1944 to a high of 52 during the early 1960s.4 This data collection effort ended in 1975 with the dissolution of the NCSS. The Future of Children ADOPTION Vol. 3 • No. 1 Spring 1993
From anchors to orientations: Towards a contemporary theory of career preferences

Abstract The way people make sense of their careers in the contemporary world can no longer be usefully captured by objective benchmarks of career success, such as salary growth and promotion. Commentators have highlighted the need to address subjective criteria reflecting idiosyncratic needs, values and goals underpinning people's career choices and behavior. Our paper contributes to this debate by discussing and empirically exploring the core features of a contemporary theory of career preferences. Taking Schein's influential work on career anchors as a point of departure we identify and explore a set of research questions among a sample of professional workers. Our findings suggest that orientations are partially shaped in the broad social and family context; that people can have primary and secondary orientations; that orientations are adaptable to people's work and life circumstances; and that career preferences are, to a large extent, context specific limiting generalizations across national and occupational cultures.
Exponential smoothing model selection for forecasting

Applications of exponential smoothing to forecasting time series usually rely on three basic methods: simple exponential smoothing, trend corrected exponential smoothing and a seasonal variation thereof. A common approach to selecting the method appropriate to a particular time series is based on prediction validation on a withheld part of the sample using criteria such as the mean absolute percentage error. A second approach is to rely on the most appropriate general case of the three methods. For annual series this is trend corrected exponential smoothing: for sub-annual series it is the seasonal adaptation of trend corrected exponential smoothing. The rationale for this approach is that a general method automatically collapses to its nested counterparts when the pertinent conditions pertain in the data. A third approach may be based on an information criterion when maximum likelihood methods are used in conjunction with exponential smoothing to estimate the smoothing parameters. In this paper, such approaches for selecting the appropriate forecasting method are compared in a simulation study. They are also compared on real time series from the M3 forecasting competition. The results indicate that the information criterion approaches provide the best basis for automatedmethod selection, theAkaike information criteria having a slight edge over its information criteria counterparts. D 2005 International Institute of Forecasters. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals.

CONTEXT
Risk markers including coronary artery calcium, carotid intima-media thickness, ankle-brachial index, brachial flow-mediated dilation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been reported to improve on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) for prediction of CHD, but there are no direct comparisons of these markers for risk prediction in a single cohort.


OBJECTIVE
We compared improvement in prediction of incident CHD/cardiovascular disease (CVD) of these 6 risk markers within intermediate-risk participants (FRS >5%-<20%) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Of 6814 MESA participants from 6 US field centers, 1330 were intermediate risk, without diabetes mellitus, and had complete data on all 6 markers. Recruitment spanned July 2000 to September 2002, with follow-up through May 2011. Probability-weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement were used to compare incremental contributions of each marker when added to the FRS, plus race/ethnicity.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incident CHD defined as myocardial infarction, angina followed by revascularization, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or CHD death. Incident CVD additionally included stroke or CVD death.


RESULTS
After 7.6-year median follow-up (IQR, 7.3-7.8), 94 CHD and 123 CVD events occurred. Coronary artery calcium, ankle-brachial index, high-sensitivity CRP, and family history were independently associated with incident CHD in multivariable analyses (HR, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.94-3.50]; HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66-0.95]; HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.00-1.64]; and HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.38-3.42], respectively). Carotid intima-media thickness and brachial flow-mediated dilation were not associated with incident CHD in multivariable analyses (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.95-1.45] and HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.78-1.14]). Although addition of the markers individually to the FRS plus race/ethnicity improved AUC, coronary artery calcium afforded the highest increment (0.623 vs 0.784), while brachial flow-mediated dilation had the least (0.623 vs 0.639). For incident CHD, the net reclassification improvement with coronary artery calcium was 0.659, brachial flow-mediated dilation was 0.024, ankle-brachial index was 0.036, carotid intima-media thickness was 0.102, family history was 0.160 and high-sensitivity CRP was 0.079. Similar results were obtained for incident CVD.


CONCLUSIONS
Coronary artery calcium, ankle-brachial index, high-sensitivity CRP, and family history were independent predictors of incident CHD/CVD in intermediate-risk individuals. Coronary artery calcium provided superior discrimination and risk reclassification compared with other risk markers.
Diabetes foot self-care practices in a rural triethnic population.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to assess the level of foot self-care performed in a rural, multiethnic population of older adults and to identify factors associated with foot self-care.


METHODS
The Evaluating Long-term Diabetes Self-management Among Elder Rural Adults study included a random sample of 701 African American, Native American, and white adults from 2 rural North Carolina counties. Participants completed in-home interviews, 5 foot self-care practices from the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), functional status measures, and measures of education and support for foot care.


RESULTS
Foot care practices/behaviors reported at least 6 days/week ranged from 35.6% for inspecting shoes to 79.2% for not soaking feet. Four independent predictors of the SDSCA summary foot care index score were observed: having been shown how to care for feet (P < .0001), female gender (P = .03), having had a doctor check nerves in feet in past year (P = .02), and not receiving support caring for feet (P = .0425).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that educating patients about foot self-care may encourage routine foot care but that those dependent on either formal or informal support to perform foot care do so less frequently than those who perform it independently.
User Adoption of Online Banking in Nigeria : A Qualitative Study

The emergence of the internet has created a great impact on our daily lives. In recent times, financial institutions worldwide have rapidly moved from branchJIBC December 2015, Vol. 20, No.3 2 based banking to online based service delivery changing the way services are rendered to customers. Despite the deployment of technology driven services in the banking sector, the adoption of Internet banking especially in developing countries such as Nigeria is still an innovation. This paper aims to explore the factors that may influence or hinder the acceptance of internet banking in Nigeria. An interpretive approach was employed to gain a deeper insight of the subject topic. The findings show that security is the main concerning factor that influences customers’ decision to adopt online banking services. Culture and religion were also found to be influencing factors. A set of recommendations were provided on how user adoption of online banking can be increased amongst Nigerian customers. This paper concludes that the banks should better manage consumers’ experiences to enhance the use of internet banking services by including a process of adjustment and learning over time, and not just focusing on the adoption process itself.
From model-based control to data-driven control: Survey, classification and perspective

Article history: Available online 4 August 2012