LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Data fusion - Resolving Data Conflicts for Integration

The amount of information produced in the world increases by 30% every year and this rate will only go up. With advanced network technology, more and more sources are available either over the Internet or in enterprise intranets. Modern data management applications, such as setting up Web portals, managing enterprise data, managing community data, and sharing scientific data, often require integrating available data sources and providing a uniform interface for users to access data from different sources; such requirements have been driving fruitful research on data integration over the last two decades [13, 15]. Data integration systems face two folds of challenges. First, data from disparate sources are often heterogeneous. Heterogeneity can exist at the schema level, where different data sources often describe the same domain using different schemas; it can also exist at the instance level, where different sources can represent the same real-world entity in different ways. There has been rich body of work on resolving heterogeneity in data, including, at the schema level, schema mapping and matching [17], model management [1], answering queries using views [14], data exchange [10], and at the instance level, record linkage (a.k.a., entity resolution, object matching, reference linkage, etc.) [9, 18], string similarity comparison [6], etc. Second, different sources can provide conflicting data. Conflicts can arise because of incomplete data, erroneous data, and out-of-date data. Returning incorrect data in a query result can be misleading and even harmful: one may contact a person by an out-of-date phone number, visit a clinic at a wrong address, carry wrong knowledge of the real world, and even make poor business decisions. It is thus critical for data integration systems to resolve conflicts from various sources and identify true values from false ones. This problem becomes especially prominent with the ease of publishing and spreading false information on the Web and has recently received increasing attention. This tutorial focuses on data fusion, which addresses the second challenge by fusing records on the same real-world
Dorsal onlay versus ventral onlay urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
Ventral and dorsal sides of urethra were chosen to place grafts in free graft onlay urethroplasty. As the advantages and disadvantages of these two sites are still unclear, we systemically analyzed clinical articles reported in the literature.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature till October 2007 regarding the use of ventral/dorsal graft urethroplasty in anterior urethral strictures was searched using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. 'Urethral stricture' or 'urethral stenosis' and 'urethroplasty' or 'urethral reconstruction' were used as search terms. Data were analyzed independently by two reviewers.


RESULTS
49 studies (1,263 cases) were included. The success rates of ventral onlay urethroplasty (750 cases) and dorsal onlay (513 cases) were 82.5 and 86.9% (p = 0.034). Buccal mucosa graft had the highest success rate (88.1%) and had a similar rate between the dorsal and ventral onlay techniques (89.2 vs. 87.6%, p = 0.472). For free skin graft, the dorsal onlay success rate was higher than ventral (84.7 vs. 74.7, p = 0.016). Bulbar urethral stricture achieved the higher success rate than pendulous urethral stricture (87.4 vs. 77.6%, p = 0.019).


CONCLUSIONS
Dorsal onlay is better than ventral onlay in free skin graft urethroplasty. Bulbar urethra is the most suitable site for graft onlay urethroplasty, and buccal mucosa graft is helpful for achieving good results.
Security Requirements Engineering for Software Systems: Case Studies in Support of Software Engineering Education

Software engineering curricula too often neglect the development of security requirements for software systems. As a consequence, programmers often produce buggy code with weak security measures. This report focuses on three case studies in which graduate students applied a novel security requirements engineering methodology to real-world software development projects. The experiences showed promise for curriculum integration in educating students about the importance of security requirements in software engineering, as well as how to develop such requirements
Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND
Hyperuricemia has been linked to cardiovascular and renal diseases, possibly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent endothelial dysfunction. The enzymatic effect of xanthine oxidase is the production of ROS and uric acid. Studies have shown that inhibiting xanthine oxidase with allopurinol can reverse endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, rat studies have shown that hyperuricemia-induced hypertension and vascular disease is at least partially reversed by the supplementation of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate, L-arginine. Therefore, we hypothesized that uric acid induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting nitric oxide production.


METHODS
Hyperuricemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid, by gavage; control rats received vehicle. Allopurinol was placed in drinking water to block hyperuricemia. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) allopurinol only, (3) oxonic acid only, and (4) oxonic acid + allopurinol. Rats were sacrificed at 1 and 7 days, and their serum analyzed for serum uric acid and nitrites/nitrates concentrations. The effect of uric acid on nitric oxide production was also determined in bovine aortic endothelial cells.


RESULTS
Oxonic acid induced mild hyperuricemia at both 1 and 7 days (P < 0.05). Allopurinol reversed the hyperuricemia at 7 days (P < .001). Serum nitrites and nitrates (NO(X)) were reduced in hyperuricemic rats at both 1 and 7 days (P < .001). Allopurinol slightly reversed the decrease in NO(X) at 1 day and completely at 7 days (P < .001). There was a direct linear correlation between serum uric acid and NO(X) (R(2)= 0.56) and a trend toward higher systolic blood pressure in hyperuricemic rats (P= NS). Uric acid was also found to inhibit both basal and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced nitric oxide production in bovine aortic endothelial cells.


CONCLUSION
Hyperuricemic rats have a decrease in serum nitric oxide which is reversed by lowering uric acid levels. Soluble uric acid also impairs nitric oxide generation in cultured endothelial cells. Thus, hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction; this may provide insight into a pathogenic mechanism by which uric acid may induce hypertension and vascular disease.
Secure communication in cognitive radio networks

Support for various multimedia applications in wireless networks demands additional bandwidth in the radio frequency spectrum. Efficient spectrum management algorithms are necessary to achieve immense success in wireless communications. Cognitive radio seems to be a panacea for increased utilization of licensed spectrum. It is defined as the new state of art technique that opportunistically share the licensed spectrum while imposing minimum interference to the licensed users. In this paper, we explore the adaptive characteristics of cognitive radio in secure and reliable communication. But the question is how to make the communication reliable such that there occurs no eavesdropping and information leakage. The possible solutions include integrating the merits of spread spectrum modulation, using encryption algorithms (public key and private key encryption), and its potential to switch over various frequency bands. In this paper, we focus on the various applications of cognitive radio and the numerous methodologies which enable a secure communication network.
Arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb with plate fixation and bone grafting: a retrospective review.

BACKGROUND
Arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal (CM) joint of the thumb has been recognized as a common technique that gives pain relief, stability, and strength, but it has some disadvantages, such as nonunion, pantrapezial osteoarthritis, and reduced mobility.


METHODS
Thirteen thumbs of 12 patients with CM joint arthritis who underwent CM joint arthrodesis were reviewed retrospectively. The average age of the patients was 61.0 years. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5 years. Arthrodesis was performed with a T-plate and an autogenous iliac cancellous bone graft for all patients.


RESULTS
All thumbs had radiographic evidence of union, and there was no nonunion. No reduction of motion of the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb was found after surgery. Postoperatively, scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthritis and metacarpophalangeal arthritis progressed in two joints each. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score improved from 39.9 (range 8-69) to 11.1 (range 0-23.1). All patients had no or slight problems of the thumb and no complaints related to the pelvis in daily living and were either very satisfied or satisfied with the surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Arthrodesis of the thumb CM joint with a plate and bone graft achieved satisfactory results in all cases with very few complications. This procedure is a valuable tool in middle-aged and elderly patients with thumb CM joint arthritis.
Action Systems in Pipelined Processor Design

We show that the action systems framework combined with the re nement calculus is a powerful method for handling a central problem in hardware design the design of pipelines We present a methodology for developing asynchronous pipelined microprocessors relying on this framework Each functional unit of the processor is stepwise brought about which leads to a structured and modular design The handling of di erent hazard situations is realized when verifying re nement steps Our design is carried out with circuit implementation using speed independent techniques in mind
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Hospital Corporate Image and Performance

This study examines the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour, hospital corporate image and performance. Questionnaires were distributed to 350 patients and 298 usable questionnaires were returned representing a return rate of 85.7%. The study employs a Structural Equation Model to test four hypotheses on organizational citizenship behaviours, hospital corporate image and performance. The findings reveal that hospitals can increase performance through organizational citizenship behaviour and positive corporate image. However, it was also discovered that there is a negative covariance between organizational citizenship behaviour and hospital corporate image despite their individual positive contribution to performance. Therefore, hospital management should develop an organizational climate (such as recognition, additional reward, promotion, etc.) that can promote organizational citizenship behaviour and enhance a positive corporate image while preventing situations that will discourage staff from rendering extra positive discretionary work related services.
(In)Visibility in Disability and Assistive Technology

In this article, we present a meta-analysis of research examining visibility of disability. In interrogating the issue of visibility and invisibility in the design of assistive technologies, we open a discussion about how perceptions surrounding disability can be probed through an examination of visibility and how these tensions do, and perhaps should, influence assistive technology design and research.
Perioperative management of antithrombotic medication in head and neck reconstruction-a retrospective analysis of 137 patients.

PURPOSE
Various protocols exist to prevent thrombosis after free flap surgery in the head and neck. This study reviews the outcome and incidence of perioperative complications in patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction, simply using subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 137 free tissue transfers performed between 2007 and 2010 were reviewed. All patients received a general thrombosis prophylaxis with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight enoxaparin. No aspirin, dextran, or additional antithrombotic medication was administered.


RESULTS
Overall flap survival was 97.1%. A total of 3 complete and 1 partial flap loss occurred, all due to venous thrombosis. Five cases of venous congestion were successfully revised.


CONCLUSION
The free flap survival rate using simple subcutaneous heparin seems to be equivalent to other management regimens. Therefore, we suggest that no additional antithrombotic treatment is needed for patients who undergo head and neck reconstruction with free tissue transfer.
Impact of dialysis modality on survival after kidney transplant failure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
An increasing number of patients are returning to dialysis after allograft loss (DAGL). These patients are at a higher mortality risk compared with incident ESRD patients. Among transplant-naïve patients, those treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) enjoy an early survival advantage compared with those treated with hemodialysis (HD), but this advantage is not sustained over time. Whether a similar time-dependent survival advantage exists for PD-treated patients after allograft loss is unclear and may impact dialysis modality selection in these patients.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
We identified 2110 adult patients who initiated dialysis after renal transplant failure between January 1991 and December 2005 from The Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of initial dialysis modality on early (2 years), late (after 2 years), and overall mortality using an intention-to-treat approach.


RESULTS
After adjustment, there was no difference in overall survival between HD- and PD-treated patients (hazard ratio((HD:PD)), 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.31), with similar results seen for both early and late survival. Superior survival was seen in more contemporary cohorts of patients returning to DAGL.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of PD compared with HD is associated with similar early and overall survival among patients initiating DAGL. Differences in both patient characteristics and predialysis management between patients returning to DAGL and transplant-naive incident dialysis patients may be responsible for the absence of an early survival advantage with the use of PD in DAGL patients.
Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey

Internet of Things (IoT) has provided a promising opportunity to build powerful industrial systems and applications by leveraging the growing ubiquity of radio-frequency identification (RFID), and wireless, mobile, and sensor devices. A wide range of industrial IoT applications have been developed and deployed in recent years. In an effort to understand the development of IoT in industries, this paper reviews the current research of IoT, key enabling technologies, major IoT applications in industries, and identifies research trends and challenges. A main contribution of this review paper is that it summarizes the current state-of-the-art IoT in industries systematically.
Angiogenesis in skeletal muscle precede improvements in peak oxygen uptake in peripheral artery disease patients.

OBJECTIVE
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired blood flow to the lower extremities, causing claudication and exercise intolerance. The mechanism(s) by which exercise training improves functional capacity is not understood. This study tested the hypothesis that in PAD patients who undergo supervised exercise training, increases in capillary density (CD) in calf muscle take place before improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Thirty-five PAD patients were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of directly supervised or home-based exercise training. Peak VO(2) testing and gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and after training. CD (endothelial cells/mm(2)) was measured using immunofluorescence staining. After 3 weeks of directly supervised training, patients had an increase in CD (216±66 versus 284±77, P<0.01) but no increase in peak VO(2). However, after 12 weeks, peak VO(2) increased (15.3±2.8 versus 16.8±3.8, P<0.01), whereas in muscle, CD remained increased over baseline, but there were no changes in markers of oxidative capacity. Within subjects, CD was related to peak VO(2) before and after directly supervised training.


CONCLUSION
Changes in CD in ischemic muscle with training may modulate the response to training, and those changes precede the increase in VO(2).
Selected Determinants of Acceleration in the 100m Sprint

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between kinematics, motor abilities, anthropometric characteristics, and the initial (10 m) and secondary (30 m) acceleration phases of the 100 m sprint among athletes of different sprinting performances. Eleven competitive male sprinters (10.96 s ± 0.36 for 100 with 10.50 s fastest time) and 11 active students (12.20 s ± 0.39 for 100 m with 11.80 s fastest time) volunteered to participate in this study. Sprinting performance (10 m, 30 m, and 100 m from the block start), strength (back squat, back extension), and jumping ability (standing long jump, standing five-jumps, and standing ten-jumps) were tested. An independent t-test for establishing differences between two groups of athletes was used. The Spearman ranking correlation coefficient was computed to verify the association between variables. Additionally, the Ward method of hierarchical cluster analysis was applied. The recorded times of the 10 and 30 m indicated that the strongest correlations were found between a 1-repetition maximum back squat, a standing long jump, standing five jumps, standing ten jumps (r = 0.66, r = 0.72, r = 0.66, and r = 0.72), and speed in the 10 m sprint in competitive athletes. A strong correlation was also found between a 1-repetition maximum back squat and a standing long jump, standing five jumps, and standing ten jumps (r = 0.88, r = 0.87 and r = 0.85), but again only for sprinters. The most important factor for differences in maximum speed development during both the initial and secondary acceleration phase among the two sub-groups was the stride frequency (p<0.01).
Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth : The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors

Individual investors who hold common stocks directly pay a tremendous performance penalty for active trading. Of 66,465 households with accounts at a large discount broker during 1991 to 1996, those that trade most earn an annual return of 11.4 percent, while the market returns 17.9 percent. The average household earns an annual return of 16.4 percent, tilts its common stock investment toward high-beta, small, value stocks, and turns over 75 percent of its portfolio annually. Overconfidence can explain high trading levels and the resulting poor performance of individual investors. Our central message is that trading is hazardous to your wealth. The investor’s chief problem—and even his worst enemy—is likely to be himself. Benjamin Graham In 1996, approximately 47 percent of equity investments in the United States were held directly by households, 23 percent by pension funds, and 14 percent by mutual funds ~Securities Industry Fact Book, 1997!. Financial economists have extensively analyzed the return performance of equities managed by mutual funds. There is also a fair amount of research on the performance of equities managed by pension funds. Unfortunately, there is little research on the return performance of equities held directly by households, despite their large ownership of equities. * Graduate School of Management, University of California, Davis. We are grateful to the discount brokerage firm that provided us with the data for this study. We appreciate the comments of Christopher Barry, George Bittlingmayer, Eugene Fama, Ken French, Laurie Krigman, Bing Liang, John Nofsinger, Srinivasan Rangan, Mark Rubinstein, René Stulz ~the editor!, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, Kent Womack, Jason Zweig, two anonymous reviewers, seminar participants at the American Finance Association Meetings ~New York, 1999!, the 9th Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accountancy at New York University, Notre Dame University, the University of Illinois, and participants in the Compuserve Investor Forum. All errors are our own. THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LV, NO. 2 • APRIL 2000
Vision-assisted control for manipulation using virtual fixtures

This work focuses on the implementation of a vision-based motion guidance method, called virtual fixtures, on admittance-controlled human-machine cooperative robots with compliance. The robot compliance here refers to the structural elastic deformation of the device. The system uses computer vision as a sensor for providing a reference trajectory, and the virtual fixture control algorithm then provides haptic feedback to implemented direct, shared manipulation. It then discusses experiments to evaluate both speed and accuracy of the proposed constraints on human speed and accuracy versus free motion in a steady-hand paradigm. The result indicates improvements in the performance of human in the desired task execution.
Gaining insights from social media language: Methodologies and challenges.

Language data available through social media provide opportunities to study people at an unprecedented scale. However, little guidance is available to psychologists who want to enter this area of research. Drawing on tools and techniques developed in natural language processing, we first introduce psychologists to social media language research, identifying descriptive and predictive analyses that language data allow. Second, we describe how raw language data can be accessed and quantified for inclusion in subsequent analyses, exploring personality as expressed on Facebook to illustrate. Third, we highlight challenges and issues to be considered, including accessing and processing the data, interpreting effects, and ethical issues. Social media has become a valuable part of social life, and there is much we can learn by bringing together the tools of computer science with the theories and insights of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record
Ways of Asking and Replying in Duplicate Question Detection

This paper presents the results of systematic experimentation on the impact in duplicate question detection of different types of questions across both a number of established approaches and a novel, superior one used to address this language processing task. This study permits to gain a novel insight on the different levels of robustness of the diverse detection methods with respect to different conditions of their application, including the ones that approximate real usage scenarios.
Realistic Evaluation of Deep Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithms

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark tasks. However, we argue that these benchmarks fail to address many issues that SSL algorithms would face in real-world applications. After creating a unified reimplementation of various widely-used SSL techniques, we test them in a suite of experiments designed to address these issues. We find that the performance of simple baselines which do not use unlabeled data is often underreported, SSL methods differ in sensitivity to the amount of labeled and unlabeled data, and performance can degrade substantially when the unlabeled dataset contains out-ofdistribution examples. To help guide SSL research towards real-world applicability, we make our unified reimplemention and evaluation platform publicly available.2