LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim , 1993-99

Estimates from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) indicate that in 1999 persons age 12 or older experienced about 791,210 violent crimes by a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend. Intimate partner violence is primarily a crime against women: During 1999 females experienced 671,110 (85%) such violent victimizations; males, 120,100 (15%). Younger women generally had higher rates of intimate partner violence than older women. 1 The 1999 per capita rate of intimate partner violence against women was 6 victimizations per 1,000; per 1,000 females age 16-24, it was 16 victimizations, and per 1,000 females age 25-34, 9 victimizations. Overall, older women experienced intimate partner violence at rates that were about equal among different ethnic or racial groups. Only among women age 20-24 did blacks experience more intimate violence than whites. • Intimate partner violence rates differ greatly based on the age of the victim. While the overall per capita rate of intimate partner violence against women was 5.8 victimizations per 1,000 in 1999, among females age 16-24, it was 15.6 per 1,000. • Between 1993 and 1999 the overall rate of intimate partner violence against all females decreased 41% from 10 to 6 victimizations per 1,000 females age 12 or older. Rates of intimate partner violence fell for females age 20-24, 25-34, and 35-49. • Black and white females experienced intimate partner violence at similar rates for every age group examined except age 20-24. For this age, there were 29 intimate partner victimizations per 1,000 black women and 20 per 1,000 white women. • Women separated from their husbands were victimized by an intimate at rates higher than married, divorced, widowed, or never married women. • Intimate partners murdered 1,218 women during 1999. From 1993 to 1999 intimates killed 32% of all female murder victims age 20-24. • Women age 35-49 were the most vulnerable to intimate murder.
Meta-alinhamento de Ontologias Utilizando a Abordagem Presa-predador

Every year, several new ontology matchers are proposed in the literature, each one using a different heuristic, which implies in different performances according to the characteristics of the ontologies. An ontology metamatcher consists of an algorithm that combines several approaches in order to obtain better results in different scenarios. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to define a criterion for the use of matchers. We presented in this work an ontology meta-matcher that combines several ontology matchers making use of the evolutionary meta-heuristic prey-predator as a means of parameterization of the same. Resumo. Todo ano, diversos novos alinhadores de ontologias são propostos na literatura, cada um utilizando uma heurı́stica diferente, o que implica em desempenhos distintos de acordo com as caracterı́sticas das ontologias. Um meta-alinhador consiste de um algoritmo que combina diversas abordagens a fim de obter melhores resultados em diferentes cenários. Para atingir esse objetivo, é necessária a definição de um critério para melhor uso de alinhadores. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um meta-alinhador de ontologias que combina vários alinhadores através da meta-heurı́stica evolutiva presa-predador como meio de parametrização das mesmas.
Does Teacher Preparation Matter for Beginning Teachers in Either Special or General Education

Upon reviewing “scientifically rigorous” evidence (from Goldhaber & Brewer, 1999; Walsh, 2001) in a report on teacher quality, the U.S. Department of Education (USDOE) concluded that teacher preparation was of little or no demonstrated value for enhancing student achievement (USDOE, 2002). This conclusion about the value of teacher preparation applied both to traditional and alternative teacher preparation. Traditional teacher preparation (TTP) leads to degrees from colleges and universities and entails unpaid practice teaching. Alternative teacher preparation (ATP) typically targets individuals with degrees who seek a fast-track route to full-time paid teaching employment. ATP programs vary widely in the amount of preparation provided and in their institutional sponsorship (Feistritzer, 2005; Rosenberg & Sindelar, 2005). According to the USDOE (2002), neither attendance at traditional schools of education nor teacher certification improved student achievement. Likewise, with respect to ATP programs, the USDOE’s position was that “further research is required to provide evidence of their effectiveness” (2003, p. 21). With respect to the production of qualified teachers, the USDOE report stated that the “best available research shows that solid verbal ability and content knowledge are what matters most” (2002, p. 9). With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, the topic of teacher quality has been spotlighted. According to the USDOE (2002), the NCLB definition of a “highly qualified teacher” (HQT) focuses on content knowlDoes Teacher Preparation Matter for Beginning Teachers in Either Special or General Education?
Towards High-Quality Next-Generation Text-to-Speech Synthesis: A Multidomain Approach by Automatic Domain Classification

This paper is a contribution to the recent advancements in the development of high-quality next generation text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis systems. Two of the hottest research topics in this area are oriented towards the improvement of speech expressiveness and flexibility of synthesis. In this context, this paper presents a new TTS strategy called multidomain TTS (MD-TTS) for synthesizing among different domains. Although the multidomain philosophy has been widely applied in spoken language systems, few research efforts have been conducted to extend it to the TTS field. To do so, several proposals are described in this paper. First, a text classifier (TC) is included in the classic TTS architecture in order to automatically conduct the selection of the most appropriate domain for synthesizing the input text. In contrast to classic topic text classification tasks, the MD-TTS TC should not only consider the contents of text but also its structure. To this end, this paper introduces a new text modeling scheme based on an associative relational network, which represents texts as a directional weighted word-based graph. The conducted experiments validate the proposal in terms of both objective (TC efficiency) and subjective (perceived synthetic speech quality) evaluation criteria.
Developments in Spray Modeling in Diesel and Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

Developments in Spray Modeling in Diesel and Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines — In directinjection engines the fuel spray characteristics influence the combustion efficiency and exhaust emissions. The performance of available spray models for predicting liquid and vapor fuel distributions, and their influence on combustion is reviewed for both diesel and gasoline direct injection engines. A phenomenological nozzle flow model is described for simulating the effects of diesel injector nozzle internal geometry on the fuel injection and spray processes. The flow model provides initial conditions for the liquid jet breakup model that considers wave instabilities due to Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) and Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mechanisms. A linearized instability analysis has also been extended to consider the breakup of liquid sheets for modeling pressure-swirl gasoline injectors. Diesel engine predictions have been compared with extensive data from in-cylinder laser diagnostics carried out in optically accessible heavy-duty, DI Diesel engines over a wide range of operating conditions. The results show that the nozzle flow model used in combination with the KH and RT models gives realistic spray predictions. In particular, the limited liquid fuel penetration length observed experimentally and the flame shape details are captured accurately. The liquid sheet breakup model has also been compared favorably with experimental spray penetration and drop size data for gasoline hollow-cone sprays. This model is currently being applied to study stratified charge combustion in GDI engines.
Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the cumulative costs of public services used through to adulthood by individuals with three levels of antisocial behaviour in childhood.


DESIGN
Costs applied to data of 10 year old children from the inner London longitudinal study selectively followed up to adulthood.


SETTING
Inner London borough.


PARTICIPANTS
142 individuals divided into three groups in childhood: no problems, conduct problems, and conduct disorder.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Costs in 1998 prices for public services (excluding private, voluntary agency, indirect, and personal costs) used over and above basic universal provision.


RESULTS
By age 28, costs for individuals with conduct disorder were 10.0 times higher than for those with no problems (95% confidence interval of bootstrap ratio 3.6 to 20.9) and 3.5 times higher than for those with conduct problems (1.7 to 6.2). Mean individual total costs were 70 019 pounds sterling for the conduct disorder group (bootstrap mean difference from no problem group 62 pound sterling; 898 pound sterling 22 692 pound sterling to 117 pound sterling) and 24 324 pound sterling (16 707 pound sterling; 6594 pound sterling to 28 149 pound sterling) for the conduct problem group, compared with 7423 pound sterling for the no problem group. In all groups crime incurred the greatest cost, followed by extra educational provision, foster and residential care, and state benefits; health costs were smaller. Parental social class had a relatively small effect on antisocial behaviour, and although substantial independent contributions came from being male, having a low reading age, and attending more than two primary schools, conduct disorder still predicted the greatest cost.


CONCLUSIONS
Antisocial behaviour in childhood is a major predictor of how much an individual will cost society. The cost is large and falls on many agencies, yet few agencies contribute to prevention, which could be cost effective.
A MATLAB based Face Recognition System using Image Processing and Neural Networks

Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during recent years due to its many applications in different fields. Face recognition is one of those challenging problems and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations. This paper presents a new technique for human face recognition. This technique uses an image-based approach towards artificial intelligence by removing redundant data from face images through image compression using the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT). The DCT extracts features from face images based on skin color. Featurevectors are constructed by computing DCT coefficients. A self-organizing map (SOM) using an unsupervised learning technique is used to classify DCT-based feature vectors into groups to identify if the subject in the input image is “present” or “not present” in the image database. Face recognition with SOM is carried out by classifying intensity values of grayscale pixels into different groups. Evaluation was performed in MATLAB using an image database of 25 face images, containing five subjects and each subject having 5 images with different facial expressions. After training for approximately 850 epochs the system achieved a recognition rate of 81.36% for 10 consecutive trials. The main advantage of this technique is its high-speed processing capability and low computational requirements, in terms of both speed and memory utilization. Keywords—Face recognition, discrete cosine transform, self-organizing map, neural network, artificial intelligence.
History Lesson [review of The Story of the L Street Power Station, 1898-2006 (Cooke, G.G.; 2007)] [Book review]

This book covers the construction and evolution of a major fossil electric generating station over a period of 109 years. The author has plumbed an large number of sources to bring us an outstanding textual and pictorial history of an important part of the history of electrical engineering and design.
Long-Term Clinical Outcome of a Single Stent Approach With and Without a Final Kissing Balloon Technique for Coronary Bifurcation – Subanalysis of the TAXUS Japan Postmarket Surveillance Study –

oronary bifurcation has been regarded as one of the most challenging lesion subsets due to poor clinical outcomes compared with non-bifurcated lesions.1 Provisional intervention of the side branch (SB) after main vessel (MV) stenting is now the standard approach for most bifurcations.2,3 Although the final kissing balloon technique (FKB) has been established as the first-line strategy for bifurcations treated with an elective 2-stent approach,4,5 its efficacy in a 1-stent approach is presently under debate.6,7 Randomized trials showed no benefit of FKB in a 1-stent approach;8,9 however, the long-term clinical outcome remains unclear as limited data is currently available.6,10 The purpose of the present study is to: (1) investigate the long-term outcomes after a 1-stent approach with and without FKB; and (2) to ascertain the clinical outcome after cross-over stenting without FKB in comparison with non-bifurcation patients.
Exact algorithms for the vehicle routing problem, based on spanning tree and shortest path relaxations

We consider the problem of routing vehicles stationed at a central facility (depot) to supply customers with known demands, in such a way as to minimize the total distance travelled. The problem is referred to as the vehicle routing problem (VRP) and is a generalization of the multiple travelling salesman problem that has many practical applications. We present tree search algorithms for the exact solution of the VRP incorporating lower bounds computed from (i) shortest spanning k-degree centre tree (k-DCT), and (ii) q-routes. The final algorithms also include problem reduction and dominance tests. Computational results are presented for a number of problems derived from the literature. The results show that the bounds derived from the q-routes are superior to those from k-DCT and that VRPs of up to about 25 customers can be solved exactly.
Competition Experiments on Alien Weeds with Crops: Lessons for Measuring Plant Invasion Impact?

Can we quantify the impact of invasive species? Here we use the per-plant competitiveness of alien weeds on crops as a model of invasive species impact in general. We reviewed 97 weed–crop competition experiments in 32 papers that included 30 alien weed and 14 crop species. The majority (68.92%) were randomised block designs where the alien weed had been either added (additive experiments) or removed (removal experiments). We propose using the relative competition index to estimate the effect of alien species in all systems, specifying in each case the density and proportion of alien and native plants essayed. We found that the impact of the weed cannot be considered independently of the crop and, thus, we should be cautious in ranking weed species according to their competition effect. A similar situation can be postulated for alien plants interfering with native species. Invaded communities are not random assemblages, and researchers tend to study the most competitive alien plants. We also found that the effect of the weed on crop yield depends on the duration of the interference and the life-history stage of the weed–crop system at which the interaction takes place. We were not able to conduct a more rigorous comparative analysis of the impacts, such as a meta-analysis. To do this would require some measure of the variation of the competition effect such as standard deviation or standard error, which we found are almost never reported.
Management of the clinically negative neck in early-stage head and neck cancers after transoral resection.

The decision regarding treatment of the clinically negative neck has been debated extensively. This is particularly true with early-stage tumors for which surgery is the treatment of choice, and the tumor has been resected transorally without a cervical incision. Elective neck dissection in this situation is an additional procedure with potential associated morbidity. The alternative strategy for the clinically negative neck is to "wait and watch." Both an elective neck dissection policy and a "watchful waiting" policy have their proponents. The purpose of this article was for us to review the literature about this subject to try to answer the following question: if the tumor has been resected transorally, should an elective treatment of the neck be performed or is a "watchful waiting" policy safe and adequate? We conclude that, currently, the best available evidence suggests that elective neck dissection does not seem to be superior to the policy of observation without neck surgery, with regard to survival and control of neck disease. This review highlights the need for further well-designed prospective studies that will provide more reliable answers to the debatable issue of the management of the clinically negative neck in such cases.
Implant stability and marginal bone level of microgrooved zirconia dental implants: A 3-month experimental study on dogs.

BACKGROUND/AIM
The modification of implant surfaces could affect mechanical implant stability as well as dynamics and quality of peri-implant bone healing. The aim of this 3-month experimental study in dogs was to investigate implant stability, marginal bone levels and bone tissue response to zirconia dental implants with two laser-micro-grooved intraosseous surfaces in comparison with nongrooved sandblasted zirconia and sandblasted, high-temperature etched titanium implants.


METHODS
Implant surface characterization was performed using optical interferometric profilometty and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A total of 96 implants (4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) were inserted randomly in both sides of the lower jaw of 12 Fox Hound dogs divided into groups of 24 each: the control (titanium), the group A (sandblasted zirconia), the group B (sandolasted zirconia plus microgrooved neck) and the group C (sandblasted zirconia plus all microgrooved). All the implants were immediately loaded. Insertion torque, periotest values, radiographic crestal bone level and removal torque were recorded during the 3-month follow-up. Qualitative scanning electon microscope (SEM) analysis of the bone-implant interfaces of each group was performed.


RESULTS
Insertion torque values were higher in the group C and control implants (p < 0.05). Periotest values increased in all the periods in proportion to the extent of microgrooving as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). Radiographic measurements showed minimal crestal bone loss at 3 months for microgrooved zirconia implants (groups C and B) and control implants compared with the group A implants (p < 0.05). The removal torque values increased with time for all the groups as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). SEM showed that implant surfaces of the groups B and C had an extra bone growth inside the microgrooves that corresponded to the shape and direction of the microgrooves.


CONCLUSION
The addition of microgrooves to the entire intraosseous surface of zirconia dental implants enhances primary and secondary implant stability, promotes bone tissue ingrowth and preserves crestal bone levels.
Impact of antidepressant discontinuation after acute bipolar depression remission on rates of depressive relapse at 1-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE
While guidelines for treating patients with bipolar depression recommend discontinuing antidepressants within 6 months after remission, few studies have assessed the implications of this strategy on the risk for depressive relapse. This study examined the effect of antidepressant discontinuation or continuation on depressive relapse risk among bipolar subjects successfully treated for an acute depressive episode.


METHOD
Eighty-four subjects with bipolar disorder who achieved remission from a depressive episode with the addition of an antidepressant to an ongoing mood stabilizer regimen were followed prospectively for 1 year. The risk of depressive relapse among 43 subjects who stopped antidepressant treatment within 6 months after remission ("discontinuation group") was compared with the risk among 41 subjects who continued taking antidepressants beyond 6 months ("continuation group").


RESULTS
A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that shorter antidepressant exposure time following successful treatment was associated with a significantly shorter time to depressive relapse. Furthermore, patients who discontinued antidepressant treatment within the first 6 months after remission experienced a significantly shorter period of euthymia before depressive relapse over the length of 1-year follow-up. One year after successful antidepressant response, 70% of the antidepressant discontinuation group experienced a depressive relapse compared with 36% of the continuation group. By the 1-year follow-up evaluation, 15 (18%) of the 84 subjects had experienced a manic relapse; only six of these subjects were taking an antidepressant at the time of manic relapse.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk of depressive relapse in patients with bipolar illness was significantly associated with discontinuing antidepressants soon after remission. The risk of manic relapse was not significantly associated with continuing use of antidepressant medication and, overall, was substantially less than the risk of depressive relapse. Maintenance of antidepressant treatment in combination with a mood stabilizer may be warranted in some patients with bipolar disorder.
Chemical constituents and antibacterial property of the essential oil of the roots of Cyathocline purpurea.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Cyathocline purpurea (D. Don.) O. Ktze. (Asteraceae) is a rare existence Indian medicinal plant and traditionally has antimicrobial property.


AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Cyathocline purpurea and to screened in vitro antibacterial activity against eight human pathogenic bacteria.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The essential oil of roots was analyzed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. The antibacterial activity of oil was tested against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial activity was determined by the tube dilution method.


RESULTS
The main constituents of the oil were thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (57.4%) and β-selinene (14.0%), among twenty five identified compounds, which represented 90.1% of the total oil. The oil was found active against Gram-positive bacteria with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values in the range of 0.26-0.57 mg/mL.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of roots of Cyathocline purpurea. The observation of MBC assay suggested that the Gram positive microorganisms were susceptible to essential oil, while oil was found to be resistant against Gram-negative bacteria, and the oil has bactericidal property.