LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Health and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women attending and not-attending ANC clinics in Western Kenya: a cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUND
Antenatal care (ANC) is a key strategy to decreasing maternal mortality in low-resource settings. ANC clinics provide resources to improve nutrition and health knowledge and promote preventive health practices. We sought to compare the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among women seeking and not-seeking ANC in rural Kenya.


METHODS
Data from a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Western Province, Kenya were used. Nutrition knowledge (NKS), health knowledge (HKS), attitude score (AS), and dietary diversity score (DDS) were constructed indices. χ2 test and Student's t-test were used to compare proportions and means, respectively, to assess the difference in KAP among pregnant women attending and not-attending ANC clinics. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the number of ANC visits (none, <4, ≥4) on knowledge and practice scores, adjusting for maternal socio-demographic confounders, such as age, gestational age, education level and household wealth index.


RESULTS
Among the 979 pregnant women in the survey, 59% had attended ANC clinics while 39% had not. The mean (±SD) NKS was 4.6 (1.9) out of 11, HKS was 6.2 (1.7) out of 12, DDS was 4.9 (1.4) out of 12, and AS was 7.4 (2.2) out of 10. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and DDS were not significantly different between ANC clinic attending and non-attending women. Among women who attended ANC clinics, 82.6% received malaria and/or antihelmintic treatment, compared to 29.6% of ANC clinic non-attendees. Higher number of ANC clinic visits and higher maternal education level were significantly positively associated with maternal health knowledge.


CONCLUSIONS
Substantial opportunities exist for antenatal KAP improvement among women in Western Kenya, some of which could occur with greater ANC attendance. Further research is needed to understand multi-level factors that may affect maternal knowledge and practices.
A novel non-isolated high-gain dc-dc boost converter

In this paper, a novel interleaved boost converter topology is introduced. The proposed converter is based on a combination of two types of voltage multiplier cells (VMC): Dickson and Cockroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier. Connecting VMCs to an interleaved boost stage yields many benefits, including smaller ripples on the input current, reduced voltage stress across switches and capacitors, and high overall voltage gain. These advantages allow designers to design high gain dc-dc converters with low-rated and highly efficient semiconductor components. Moreover, the use of VMC can reduce the requirements of the required energy storage and also allow to design with smaller capacitors than the conventional boost converter. This paper presents the analysis of steady state voltage gain, the design of the converter, selection of the components, and simulation of the voltage and current stresses across switches and storage elements. Also, A 200 W prototype was implemented to convert 20 to 400 Vdc. The implementation details and major waveforms are included and illustrated.
Clinical significance of treatment effects with aripiprazole versus placebo in a study of manic or mixed episodes associated with pediatric bipolar I disorder.

OBJECTIVE
Published studies in adult and pediatric bipolar disorder have used different definitions of treatment response. This analysis aimed to compare different definitions of response in a large sample of children and adolescents.


METHODS
Anexploratory analysis of a 4-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled study assessed patients (n=296; ages, 10-17 years) with an acute manic/mixed episode associated with BIPOLAR I disorder who were randomized to aripiprazole (10 or 30 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 4 in young mania rating scale (YMRS) total score. Additional assessments included: clinical global impressions-bipolar disorder (CGI-BP) Overall and mania scales, child global assessment scale (CGAS), and parent and subject general behavior inventory. Response was compared across seven operational definitions. Cohen's κ and Spearman's correlation tested relationships between various response definitions or changes in outcome measures and clinically meaningful improvement (defined as a CGI-BP overall improvement score of 1 or 2).


RESULTS
Response rates varied depending upon the operational definition, but were highest for 95% reliable change (statistical method used to determine individual change from previous assessment) and ≥33% reduction in YMRS total score. Response rate definitions with the highest validity in terms of predicting clinically meaningful improvement were: ≥50% reduction on YMRS (κ=0.64), a composite definition of response (YMRS <12.5, children's depression rating scale-revised (CDRS-R) ≤40, and CGAS ≥51; κ=0.59), and 95% reliable change on the CGAS or 33% reduction on YMRS (κ=0.56). Parent ratings of symptoms were generally better at detecting symptom improvement than were subject ratings (κ=∼0.4-0.5 vs. ∼0.2 when compared with CGI-BP overall improvement score).


CONCLUSIONS
Clinically meaningful definitions of response in acute treatment of a manic/mixed episode in pediatric subjects include a 50% change in YMRS and a composite measure of response. Parent-reported measures of symptom improvement appear reliable for assessing symptom change.
Image-based lighting

This tutorial shows how image-based lighting can illuminate synthetic objects with measurements of real light, making objects appear as if they're actually in a real-world scene.
What employees with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus and hearing loss need to cope at work.

OBJECTIVES
This study attempted to determine factors that help currently employed people with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus or hearing loss to continue working.


METHODS
This was a qualitative study that used three concept-mapping sessions. Sixty-nine participants (rheumatoid arthritis 21, diabetes mellitus 23, and hearing loss 25) were recruited from the patient records of the rheumatology, diabetes, and audiology outpatients of the Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, and referrals from occupational physicians and patient associations. An arthritis consultant, a diabetes consultant, and an audiologist screened the patients for the used illness inclusion criteria. A researcher screened the patients for the inclusion criteria of age and work.


RESULTS
The main factors enabling employees to continue working were ability to cope with the illness, support from management and colleagues, adequate work conditions, support of patient organizations and society, support of medical professionals and facilities, and benefits. The three groups of employees rated the priority of these factors differently. For the employees with rheumatoid arthritis, the support of management was the most important, followed by self-acceptance, self-efficacy, and professional advice on how to cope at work. For those with diabetes mellitus, self-acceptance, self-care, and support from management, colleagues and health professionals were the most important. For employees with hearing loss, being well informed about hearing equipment, reimbursement, and self-acceptance were the most important. A topic list was developed that can be used by health professionals as a guideline for exploring the work-related problems of patients with a chronic disease.


CONCLUSION
The results provide an understanding of the needs chronically ill employees have at work and the areas to which health professionals need to pay attention.
An empirical study of customers' perceptions of security and trust in e-payment systems

It is commonly believed that good security improves trust, and that the perceptions of good security and trust will ultimately increase the use of electronic commerce. In fact, customers’ perceptions of the security of e-payment systems have become a major factor in the evolution of electronic commerce in markets. In this paper, we examine issues related to e-payment security from the viewpoint of customers. This study proposes a conceptual model that delineates the determinants of consumers’ perceived security and perceived trust, as well as the effects of perceived security and perceived trust on the use of epayment systems. To test the model, structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data collected from 219 respondents in Korea. This research provides a theoretical foundation for academics and also practical guidelines for service providers in dealing with the security aspects of e-payment systems. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuroanatomical characterisation of Alzheimer ’ s disease using deep learning

Motivation: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurological condition which causes progressive mental deterioration, especially in the elderly. The focus of our work is to improve our understanding about the progression of AD. By finding brain regions which degenerate together in AD we can understand how the disease progresses during the lifespan of an Alzheimer’s patient. Our aim is to work towards not only achieving diagnostic performance but also generate useful clinical information. Objective: The main objective of this study is to find important sub regions of the brain which undergo neuronal degeneration together during AD using deep learning algorithms and other machine learning techniques. Methodology: We extract 3D brain region patches from 100 subject MRI images using a predefined anatomical atlas. We have devised an ensemble of pair predictors which use 3D convolutional neural networks to extract salient features for AD from a pair of regions in the brain. We then train them in a supervised manner and use a boosting algorithm to find the weightage of each pair predictor towards the final classification. We use this weightage as the strength of correlation and saliency between the two input sub regions of the pair predictor. Result: We were able to retrieve sub regional association measures for 100 sub region pairs using the proposed method. Our approach was able to automatically learn sub regional association structure in AD directly from images. Our approach also provides an insight into computational methods for demarcating effects of AD from effects of ageing (and other neurological diseases) on our neuroanatomy. Our meta classifier gave a final accuracy of 81.79% for AD classification relative to healthy subjects using a single imaging modality dataset.
Asymptomatic peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage: a study of 10 cases.

BACKGROUND
Peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage (PSH) is often found together with optic disc drusen, optic disc edema, peripapillary subretinal neovascular membranes, vitreous traction, and bleeding diatheses. Previous reports have stated that such optic disc hemorrhages are associated with intrapapillary bleeding largely in patients of Asian origin who are visually symptomatic from this process. We have encountered patients with PSH who have clinical features that differ from those described in these reports.


METHODS
This is a retrospective observational case series. Medical records of 10 patients with isolated peripapillary subretinal hemorrhages were reviewed for clinical characteristics and ancillary testing, including demographics, history, complete eye examination, visual fields, fundus photos, ultrasound, and fluorescein angiography (four patients) at presentation and follow-up. We excluded patients with drusen, neovascular membranes, disc edema, and intrapapillary hemorrhages.


RESULTS
There were 10 patients, all white women without visual symptoms, who had isolated, monocular, nasal, or superonasal peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, a dysplastic crowded-tilted optic disc, myopia, and normal visual function. The hemorrhages resolved without sequelae over 3-6 months. The findings were frequently discovered on routine examination and suspected of representing papilledema.


CONCLUSIONS
We have described a benign syndrome of isolated PSH in crowded and tilted optic discs in myopic eyes of white women. The PSHs do not cause visual symptoms and resolve spontaneously. We propose that an interplay of ocular motor forces, scleral thinning, and vitreopapillary traction acting on a morphologically vulnerable optic disc explains these hemorrhages.
Calculation of a lower bound ratchet limit part 1 – Theory, numerical implementation and verification

It is important to be able to calculate the ratchet limit of a component when performing integrity assessments of plant components. This paper details the addition of a lower bound ratchet limit calculation to the Linear Matching Method. The extension of Melan's theorem into the alternating plasticity region is explained, followed by its implementation into the Linear Matching Method calculation procedure. Finally, the convergence properties of this method are analysed by the analysis of a plate with a central hole subject to cyclic thermal and mechanical loading
Sign of a Threat : The Effects of Warning Systems in Survival Horror Games

This paper studies the way survival horror games are designed to frighten and scare the gamer. Comparing video games and movies, the experiential state of the gamer and that of the spectator, as well as the shock of surprise and tension suspense, it focuses on the effects of forewarning on the emotional responses to survival horror games.
P05.31. Development of a manualized protocol of massage therapy for clinical trials in osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND
Clinical trial design of manual therapies may be especially challenging as techniques are often individualized and practitioner-dependent. This paper describes our methods in creating a standardized Swedish massage protocol tailored to subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee while respectful of the individualized nature of massage therapy, as well as implementation of this protocol in two randomized clinical trials.


METHODS
The manualization process involved a collaborative process between methodologic and clinical experts, with the explicit goals of creating a reproducible semi-structured protocol for massage therapy, while allowing some latitude for therapists' clinical judgment and maintaining consistency with a prior pilot study.


RESULTS
The manualized protocol addressed identical specified body regions with distinct 30- and 60-min protocols, using standard Swedish strokes. Each protocol specifies the time allocated to each body region. The manualized 30- and 60-min protocols were implemented in a dual-site 24-week randomized dose-finding trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, and is currently being implemented in a three-site 52-week efficacy trial of manualized Swedish massage therapy. In the dose-finding study, therapists adhered to the protocols and significant treatment effects were demonstrated.


CONCLUSIONS
The massage protocol was manualized, using standard techniques, and made flexible for individual practitioner and subject needs. The protocol has been applied in two randomized clinical trials. This manualized Swedish massage protocol has real-world utility and can be readily utilized both in the research and clinical settings.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00970008 (18 August 2009).
Japan's Contested War Memories: The 'memory Rifts' in Historical Consciousness of World War II

Introduction 1. Historical Consciousness in Contemporary Japan 2. The 'Long Postwar' 3. 'Addressing the Past' 4. The War as a Current Affairs Issue 5. August Commemorations 6. History and Ideology 7. War Stories 8. Regional Memories 9. War and the Family. Epilogue
Gene Expression of Ornithine Decarboxylase, Cyclooxygenase-2, and Gastrin in Atrophic Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori Before and After Eradication Therapy

H. pylori (Hp) -induced atrophic gastritis is a well-known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Whether Hp eradication can prevent or retard the progress of atrophy and metaplasia has been the topic of numerous studies but the subject remains controversial. Recently, the increased expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), gastrin and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been shown to be increased in premalignant lesions in gastric mucosa and to play an essential role in the malignant transformation. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of eradication therapy on atrophic gastritis and analyze the gene expression for ODC, COX-2 and gastrin in gastric mucosa after succesful eradication in patients with atrophic gastritis. Twenty patients with chronic atrophic gastritis including both corpus and antrum of the stomach were included in this study. Four antral mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained from antrum and four from corpus. The histopathologic evaluation of gastritis was based on Sydney classification of gastritis. All patients were Hp positive based on the [13C] urea breath test (UBT) and the presence of anti-Hp IgG and anti-CagA-antibodies detected by ELISA. The patients were then eradicated with triple therapy consiting of omeprazol (2 × 20 mg), amoxycillin (2 × 1 g) and clarithromycin (2 × 500 mg) for seven days and vitamin C 1 g/day for three months. In gastric mucosal samples obtained from the antrum and corpus before and after eradication, the mRNA expression for ODC, COX-2, and gastrin was assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In all patients the gastric secretory analysis was performed by measuring gastric acid output and serum gastrin levels. After triple therapy the successful eradication assessed by UBT was observed in 95% of patients. In 45% of patients the infection with CagA-positive Hp strain was observed. Three months after eradication a significant reduction in the gastric activity (neutrophilic infiltrate) and severity (mononuclear infiltrate) of gastritis was observed. The atrophy score improved in both antrum and corpus after eradication. The expression of COX-2 and ODC was significantly up-regulated in the gastric mucosa of patients with atrophic gastritis and significantly reduced after eradication therapy. In all successfully eradicated patients with atrophic gastritis a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and decrease in serum gastrin were observed. We conclude that: (1) Hp eradication leads to the decrease in ODC and COX-2 gene expression in the gastric mucosa, and this may be relevant for the prevention of the Hp-associated gastric carcinogenesis. (2) gastric atrophy ameliorates upon successful Hp eradication therapy.
A systematic approach for soft sensor development

This paper presents a systematic approach based on robust statistical techniques for development of a data-driven soft sensor, which is an mportant component of the process analytical technology (PAT) and is essential for effective quality control. The data quality is obviously of ssential significance for a data-driven soft sensor. Therefore, preprocessing procedures for process measurements are described in detail. First, a emplate is defined based on one or more key process variables to handle missing data related to severe operation interruptions. Second, a univariate, ollowed by a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) approach, is used to detect outlying observations. Then, robust regression techniques re employed to derive an inferential model. A dynamic partial least squares (DPLS) model is implemented to address the issue of auto-correlation n process data and thus to provide smoother estimation than using a static regression model. The proposed methodology is illustrated through pplications to a cement kiln system for estimation of variables related to product quality, i.e., free lime, and to emission quality, i.e., nitrogen xides (NOx) emission. The case studies reveal the effectiveness of the systematic framework in deriving data-driven soft sensors that provide easonably reliable one-step-ahead predictions. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of advanced fibrosis measured by transient elastography after hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor-based triple therapy.

AIM
Few studies have investigated the course of liver stiffness after treatment with protease inhibitors. We evaluated the impact of this therapy on liver fibrosis measured by transient elastography.


METHODS
This multicenter observational, cohort, prospective study included 90 patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 treated with telaprevir or boceprevir who had advanced fibrosis evidenced by liver stiffness (≥9.5 kPa). Liver stiffness was measured at baseline and 24 weeks after treatment ended, and was compared with virological responses at week 12.


RESULTS
Liver stiffness decreased in 89% of patients who achieved sustained virological response. The median intrapatient liver stiffness value at the end of follow-up decreased by 5.1 kPa (35%) from baseline compared with 0.1 kPa (0.5%) in those who did not achieve a sustained virological response (P<0.001). The liver stiffness level fell below 9.5 kPa in 58% of patients with sustained virological response, and 71% of those with sustained virological response and cirrhosis evidenced by liver stiffness at baseline achieved regression below 12.5 kPa by the end of follow-up. Sustained virological response was the only variable associated with improved liver stiffness in multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 17.3; 95% confidence interval: 4.4-67.6; P<0.001).


CONCLUSION
In patients with advanced fibrosis measured by transient elastography at the beginning of protease inhibitor-based therapy with sustained virological response, liver stiffness was significantly reduced 24 weeks after treatment. This suggests the possibility of liver cirrhosis evidenced by liver stiffness regression after sustained virological response in a significant proportion of patients.
Darwin the detective : Observable facial muscle contractions reveal emotional high-stakes lies ☆

Deception—a fundamental aspect of human communication—often is accompanied by the simulation of unfelt emotions or the concealment of genuine emotions to correspond to the false message. We investigated the consequences of extremely high-stakes emotional deception on the engagement of particular facial muscles, posited by Darwin [Darwin, C. (1872/2005). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. In J. D. Watson (Ed.), Darwin: The indelible stamp (pp. 1066–1257) Philadelphia: Running Press] to reveal the false face. The videotaped facial actions of a sample of individuals (N=52) emotionally pleading to the public for the return of a missing relative—half of whom eventually were convicted of murdering that person—were coded frame by frame (30 frames/s for a total of 23,622 frames). Findings support the view that emotional “leakage,” particularly via those facial muscles under less cortical control, is a byproduct of the overextended cognitive resources available to convey elaborate lies. Specifically, the “grief” muscles (corrugator supercilii, depressor anguli oris) were more often contracted in the faces of genuine than deceptive pleaders. Subtle contraction of the zygomatic major (masking smiles) and full contraction of the frontalis (failed attempts to appear sad) muscles were more commonly identified in the faces of deceptive pleaders. Thus, while interpersonal deception often is highly successful, signs of covert emotional states are communicated clearly to the informed observer. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.