LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Daily practice of mechanical ventilation in Italian pediatric intensive care units: a prospective survey.

OBJECTIVES
To assess how children requiring endotracheal intubation are mechanically ventilated in Italian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).


DESIGN
A prospective, national, observational, multicenter, 6-month study.


SETTING
Eighteen medical-surgical PICUs.


PATIENTS
A total of 1943 consecutive children, aged 0-16 yrs, admitted between November 1, 2006 and April 30, 2007.


INTERVENTIONS
None.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Data on cause of respiratory failure, length of mechanical ventilation (MV), mode of ventilation, use of specific interventions were recorded for all children requiring endotracheal intubation for >24 hrs. Children were stratified for age, type of patient, and cause of respiratory failure. A total of 956 (49.2%) patients required MV via an endotracheal tube; 673 (34.6%) were ventilated for >24 hrs. The median length of MV was 4.5 days for all patients. If postoperative patients were excluded, the median time was 5 days. Bronchiolitis (6.7%), pneumonia (6.7%), and upper airway obstruction (5.3%) were the most frequent causes of acute respiratory failure, and altered mental status (9.2%) was the most frequent reason for MV. The overall mortality was 6.7% with highest rates for heart disease (nonoperative), sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (26.1%, 22.2%, and 16.7% respectively). Length of stay, associated chronic disease, severity score on admission, and PICU mortality were significantly higher in children who received MV (p < .05) than in children who did not. Controlled MV and pressure support ventilation + synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation were the most frequently used modes of ventilatory assistance during PICU stay.


CONCLUSIONS
Mechanical ventilation is frequently used in Italian PICUs with almost one child of two requiring endotracheal intubation. Children treated with MV represent a more severe category of patients than children who are breathing spontaneously. Describing the standard care and how MV is performed in children can be useful for future clinical studies.
OCTET: capturing and controlling cross-thread dependences efficiently

Parallel programming is essential for reaping the benefits of parallel hardware, but it is notoriously difficult to develop and debug reliable, scalable software systems. One key challenge is that modern languages and systems provide poor support for ensuring concurrency correctness properties - atomicity, sequential consistency, and multithreaded determinism - because all existing approaches are impractical. Dynamic, software-based approaches slow programs by up to an order of magnitude because capturing and controlling cross-thread dependences (i.e., conflicting accesses to shared memory) requires synchronization at virtually every access to potentially shared memory.
 This paper introduces a new software-based concurrency control mechanism called OCTET that soundly captures cross-thread dependences and can be used to build dynamic analyses for concurrency correctness. OCTET achieves low overheads by tracking the locality state of each potentially shared object. Non-conflicting accesses conform to the locality state and require no synchronization; only conflicting accesses require a state change and heavyweight synchronization. This optimistic tradeoff leads to significant efficiency gains in capturing cross-thread dependences: a prototype implementation of OCTET in a high-performance Java virtual machine slows real-world concurrent programs by only 26% on average. A dependence recorder, suitable for record & replay, built on top of OCTET adds an additional 5% overhead on average. These results suggest that OCTET can provide a foundation for developing low-overhead analyses that check and enforce concurrency correctness.
Bond strength of composite luting cement to zirconia ceramic surfaces.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the bond strength of dental resin agent to zirconia ceramic after surface pre-treatment with different techniques.


METHODS
Specimens of hot isostatic pressed yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia blocks (ZF) were fabricated (Procera Zircon, Nobel Biocare, Sweden) and compared to glossy dense zirconia blocks (ZG). Four groups of specimens with different surface treatment were prepared. Group I: ZF (n = 5) and ZG (n = 5) without any pre-treatment, Group II: ZF-s (n = 5) and ZG-s (n = 5) treated with silane solution, Group III: ZF-P (n = 10) and ZG-P (n = 10) treated with RF plasma spraying (hexamethyldisiloxane) using a reactor (Plasma Electronic, Germany), Group IV: ZF-p (n = 10) and ZG-p (n = 10) treated with micro pearls of low fusing porcelain (720 degrees C) on the surfaces. Composite cylinders (Charisma, Hereus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany) were luted with Variolink II (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) to the test specimens. The specimens were then stored in air for 1 h before shear loading in a universal testing machine (LRX, Lloyd Instruments, Farnham, England) until failure.


RESULTS
No statistical difference was found between the untreated ZF and ZG specimens (Group I) neither between the specimens treated with silane (Group II). Plasma spraying treatment improved bond strength by a factor of three (p < 0.001). Treatment with low fusing porcelain micro pearls increased the bond strength by a factor of 10 compared to untreated surfaces (p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen between the surfaces treated ZF-p and ZG-p specimens. The thickness of the glass pearls layer did not exceed 5 microm. SEM showed dense grain borders of ZF and a flat glossy texture of ZG.


SIGNIFICANCE
Treatment of zirconia ceramic surfaces with plasma spraying or a low fusing porcelain pearl layer significantly increased the bond strength of resin cement to the ceramic surface.
Reading logs: an application of reader-response theory in ELT

This article introduces the activity of student-written reading logs as a practical application of reader-response theory in EFL literature teaching. Since reader-response theory stresses the synthesis between reader and text, so it is proposed that practical applications should be based on this interaction. Students make notes in their reading logs as they read a novel, setting down their thoughts and feelings. This encourages them to interact with the text, and to tap into their individual responses to the literature. While reading logs are already used in L1 literature teaching, this article argues that the activity is particularly appropriate for L2 use, since it stimulates foreign language readers to go beyond the first barrier of semantic understanding and to move towards critical appreciation. The article describes how reading logs were successfully used in literature classes at a junior college in Taiwan.
Cross-Lingual Entity Linking for Web Tables

This paper studies the problem of linking string mentions from web tables in one language to the corresponding named entities in a knowledge base written in another language, which we call the cross-lingual table linking task. We present a joint statistical model to simultaneously link all mentions that appear in one table. The framework is based on neural networks, aiming to bridge the language gap by vector space transformation and a coherence feature that captures the correlations between entities in one table. Experimental results report that our approach improves the accuracy of cross-lingual table linking by a relative gain of 12.1%. Detailed analysis of our approach also shows a positive and important gain brought by the joint framework and coherence feature. 1
Trust and distrust on the web: User experiences and website characteristics

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.064 0747-5632/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ⇑ Corresponding author at: University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive Psychology and Methodology, Missionsstrasse 62a, CH 4055 Basel, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 (0) 61 267 06 17; fax: +41 (0) 61 267 06 32. E-mail address: mirjam.seckler@unibas.ch (M. Seckler). Mirjam Seckler ⇑, Silvia Heinz, Seamus Forde, Alexandre N. Tuch, Klaus Opwis
Polynomial meta-models with canonical low-rank approximations: Numerical insights and comparison to sparse polynomial chaos expansions

The growing need for uncertainty analysis of complex computational models has led to an expanding use of meta-models across engineering and sciences. The efficiency of meta-modeling techniques relies on their ability to provide statistically-equivalent analytical representations based on relatively few evaluations of the original model. Polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) have proven a powerful tool for developing meta-models in a wide range of applications; the key idea thereof is to expand the model response onto a basis made of multivariate polynomials obtained as tensor products of appropriate univariate polynomials. The classical PCE approach nevertheless faces the “curse of dimensionality”, namely the exponential increase of the basis size with increasing input dimension. To address this limitation, the sparse PCE technique has been proposed, in which the expansion is carried out on only a few relevant basis terms that are automatically selected by a suitable algorithm. An alternative for developing meta-models with polynomial functions in high-dimensional problems is offered by the newly emerged low-rank approximations (LRA) approach. By exploiting the tensor-product structure of the multivariate basis, LRA can provide polynomial representations in highly compressed formats. Through extensive numerical investigations, we herein first shed light on issues relating to the construction of canonical LRA with a particular greedy algorithm involving a sequential updating of the polynomial coefficients along separate dimensions. Specifically, we examine the selection of optimal rank, stopping criteria in the updating of the polynomial coefficients and error estimation. In the sequel, we confront canonical LRA to sparse PCE in structural-mechanics and heat-conduction applications based on finite-element solutions. Canonical LRA exhibit smaller errors than sparse PCE in cases when the number of available model evaluations is small with respect to the input dimension, a situation that is often encountered in real-life problems. By introducing the conditional generalization error, we further demonstrate that canonical LRA tend to outperform sparse PCE in the prediction of extreme model responses, which is critical in reliability analysis.
Effect of a stroke-specific follow-up care model on the quality of life of stroke patients and caregivers: A controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a stroke-specific follow-up care model on quality of life for stroke patients, being discharged home, and their caregivers.


DESIGN
A non-randomized, controlled trial, comparing an intervention group with a control group (usual care).


SUBJECTS
Stroke patients and their caregivers.


METHODS
Intervention involved 5 home visits by a stroke care coordinator over a period of 18 months, using a structured assessment tool. Outcome measures were conducted at baseline (T0) and every 6 months thereafter (T6, T12 and T18) in the domains of quality of life (primary), activities of daily living, social activities, depression, anxiety and caregiver strain.


RESULTS
The intervention group (n = 62) had significantly increased its social activities after 18 months, whereas the control group (n = 55) showed significantly decreased levels of social activities. In the first 6 months, levels of depression decreased significantly in caregivers of the intervention group. No differences were found for quality of life and the other outcome measures.


CONCLUSION
The intervention was not effective in improving quality of life, but was effective in improving levels of social activities. The intervention may have focussed too much on screening for stroke-related problems and not as much on adequate follow-up care and referral.
Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States.

CONTEXT
Youth worldwide play violent video games many hours per week. Previous research suggests that such exposure can increase physical aggression.


OBJECTIVE
We tested whether high exposure to violent video games increases physical aggression over time in both high- (United States) and low- (Japan) violence cultures. We hypothesized that the amount of exposure to violent video games early in a school year would predict changes in physical aggressiveness assessed later in the school year, even after statistically controlling for gender and previous physical aggressiveness.


DESIGN
In 3 independent samples, participants' video game habits and physically aggressive behavior tendencies were assessed at 2 points in time, separated by 3 to 6 months.


PARTICIPANTS
One sample consisted of 181 Japanese junior high students ranging in age from 12 to 15 years. A second Japanese sample consisted of 1050 students ranging in age from 13 to 18 years. The third sample consisted of 364 United States 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-graders ranging in age from 9 to 12 years. RESULTS. Habitual violent video game play early in the school year predicted later aggression, even after controlling for gender and previous aggressiveness in each sample. Those who played a lot of violent video games became relatively more physically aggressive. Multisample structure equation modeling revealed that this longitudinal effect was of a similar magnitude in the United States and Japan for similar-aged youth and was smaller (but still significant) in the sample that included older youth.


CONCLUSIONS
These longitudinal results confirm earlier experimental and cross-sectional studies that had suggested that playing violent video games is a significant risk factor for later physically aggressive behavior and that this violent video game effect on youth generalizes across very different cultures. As a whole, the research strongly suggests reducing the exposure of youth to this risk factor.
UTTime: Temporal Relation Classification using Deep Syntactic Features

In this paper, we present a system, UTTime, which we submitted to TempEval-3 for Task C: Annotating temporal relations. The system uses logistic regression classifiers and exploits features extracted from a deep syntactic parser, including paths between event words in phrase structure trees and their path lengths, and paths between event words in predicateargument structures and their subgraphs. UTTime achieved an F1 score of 34.9 based on the graphed-based evaluation for Task C (ranked 2) and 56.45 for Task C-relationonly (ranked 1) in the TempEval-3 evaluation.
Assessment of the psychometric properties of an English version of the cancer dyspnea scale in people with advanced lung cancer.

CONTEXT
Dyspnea is a poorly understood subjective sensation. Existing dyspnea measures fail to adequately address its multidimensionality. A Japanese group developed and validated the Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS) for assessing dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer.


OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the validity and reliability of the English version of the CDS (CDS-E) that has 12 items and takes, on average, 140 seconds for individuals to complete.


METHODS
Eligible patients had advanced lung cancer, consented, and were fluent in English. Participants completed a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), the modified Borg scale, the CDS-E, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy--Lung quality-of-life scale. Demographic, radiographic, and treatment information were obtained from patients' medical records.


RESULTS
One hundred twelve participants were enrolled at three sites in the U.S., Australia, and the U.K. Mean age was 64.5 years (SD 11.5); 90% were Caucasian, 68% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, and 50% had non-small cell carcinoma. All completed the CDS-E independently, without difficulty. The CDS-E had reasonable internal consistency overall (Cronbach's α = 0.71) and for each of the three factors (effort, anxiety, discomfort Cronbach's α = 0.80-0.84). CDS-E scores were significantly correlated with the 100mm VAS (r = 0.82; P < 0.001) and the modified Borg (r = 0.87; P < 0.001). After factor analysis, the CDS-E was revised by removing three items (r-CDS-E).


CONCLUSION
The CDS-E and r-CDS-E are reliable and valid measures of the sensation and the psychological components of dyspnea, with the shorter version having similar psychometric properties.
Synchronization of Firing in Cortical Fast-Spiking Interneurons at Gamma Frequencies: A Phase-Resetting Analysis

Fast-spiking (FS) cells in the neocortex are interconnected both by inhibitory chemical synapses and by electrical synapses, or gap-junctions. Synchronized firing of FS neurons is important in the generation of gamma oscillations, at frequencies between 30 and 80 Hz. To understand how these synaptic interactions control synchronization, artificial synaptic conductances were injected in FS cells, and the synaptic phase-resetting function (SPRF), describing how the compound synaptic input perturbs the phase of gamma-frequency spiking as a function of the phase at which it is applied, was measured. GABAergic and gap junctional conductances made distinct contributions to the SPRF, which had a surprisingly simple piecewise linear form, with a sharp midcycle break between phase delay and advance. Analysis of the SPRF showed how the intrinsic biophysical properties of FS neurons and their interconnections allow entrainment of firing over a wide gamma frequency band, whose upper and lower frequency limits are controlled by electrical synapses and GABAergic inhibition respectively.
Inter-industry Wage Differences and Individual Heterogeneity

Two well-established findings are apparent in the analyses of individual wage determination: cross-section wage equations can account for less than half of the variance in earnings and there are large and persistent inter-industry wage differentials. We explore these two empirical regularities using longitudinal data from the BHPS. We show that around 90% of the variation in earnings can be explained by observed and unobserved individual characteristics. However, small but statistically significant industry wage premia do remain, and there is also a role for a rich set of job and workplace controls. * Department of Economics, University of Kent † Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick JEL Classification: C21, C23, J31
Animation multirésolution d'objets déformables en temps-réel. Application à la simulation chirurgicale. (Real-time multiresolution animation of deformable objects Application to surgery simulation)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Animation multirésolution d’objets déformables en temps-réel. Application à la simulation chirurgicale Gilles Debunne
Overview of the CLEF 2016 Cultural Micro-blog Contextualization Workshop

Many statistical studies have shown the importance of social media; they seem to be now the main Internet activity for Americans, even when compared to email , and most of the social media. Chinese users spend an average of almost 90 minutes per day on social networks . Social media is thus a key media for any company or organization, specifically in Business Intelligence related activities. Companies use social data to gather insights on customer satisfaction, but can also relate this data to key performance indicators [1], forecast product or services revenues [2] or measure and optimize their marketing. On the other hand, there are several levers that make social media popular in such ways. In the context of Twitter, Liu et al. mention content gratification (“content of the information carried through Twitter”) and technology gratification (“easy to use”) as the main gratifications influencing user intentions to continue to use Twitter; other gratifications being process (“searching for something or to pass time”) and social (“interactivity with other parties through media”) gratifications [3]. With regard to events such as festivals, social media is now widely used, and gathers various communities at cultural events: organizers, media, attendees, general public not attending the event. These communities are generally interested in different aspects of the generated information:
Evidence base for primary prevention of obesity in children and adolescents

Effective interventions to prevent obesity in children have never been more necessary. There have been over 30 published reviews and meta-analyses on such interventions (randomized and controlled trials) since 2008. In summary, interventions which involve the whole community (community-based) in complex interventions (promoting healthy eating, reduction in sedentary behaviours and increase in physical activity) that target environments and upstream determinants appear to be more effective. In this article the strengths and weaknesses of community-based complex interventions which aim to prevent obesity in children will be discussed and a selection of recent and ongoing interventions that are shaping the evidence-base in this field will be highlighted (beyond those reported in other papers in this supplement: KOPS, CHILT, TigerKids, IDEFICS and TrinkFit). This paper reviews the challenges and opportunities associated with designing and evaluating community-based complex interventions and initiatives. These include a) design issues (strengths and weaknesses of different types of evidence), b) measurement of (effectiveness) outcomes, c) development of interventions (pilot work, planning frameworks and underpinning theories), d) partnership working and community engagement and e) health inequalities. Noch nie waren effektive Interventionen zur Prävention von Adipositas von Kindern so nötig wie jetzt. Seit 2008 wurden mehr als 30 Reviews und Metaanalysen zu Adipositasinterventionen (randomisierte und kontrollierte Studien) publiziert. Insgesamt lässt sich feststellen, dass solche Präventionsprogramme besonders effektiv zu sein scheinen, die die ganze Gemeinde (gemeindebasiert) in komplexe Interventionen (Förderung von gesunder Ernährung, Verringerung von sitzenden Tätigkeiten und Erhöhung körperlicher Aktivität) einbeziehen und zudem die Umgebung sowie vorgelagerte Determinanten adressieren. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Stärken und die Schwächen von gemeindebasierten komplexen Interventionen zur Prävention von Adipositas in Kindern auf. Zudem wird eine Auswahl von jüngeren und noch andauernden Interventionen hervorgehoben, die die Evidenzbasis auf diesem Gebiet schärfen. (Dabei werden andere Beispiele aufgezeigt als diejenigen, die schon in diesem Heft vorgestellt werden: KOPS, CHILT, TigerKids, IDEFICS und TrinkFit.) Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten bei Design und Evaluation von gemeindebasierten komplexen Interventionen und Initiativen. Dazu gehören a) Designaspekte (Stärken und Schwächen verschiedener Typen der Evidenz), b) Messung der (effektivitätsbezogenen) Endpunkte, c) Entwicklung der Intervention (Vorarbeiten, Planungsrahmen und zugrunde liegende Theorien), d) Aufbau von Partnerschaften und Engagement in der Gemeinde und e) gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten.