LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Method for Classification of EEG Data Based on Motor Imagery

Effectively extracting EEG data features is the key point in Brain Computer Interface technology. In this paper, aiming at classifying EEG data based on Motor Imagery task, Deep Learning (DL) algorithm was applied. For the classification of left and right hand motor imagery, firstly, based on certain single channel, a weak classifier was trained by deep belief net (DBN); then borrow the idea of Ada-boost algorithm to combine the trained weak classifiers as a more powerful one. During the process of constructing DBN structure, many RBMs (Restrict Boltzmann Machine) are stacked on top of each other by setting the hidden layer of the bottom layer RBM as the visible layer of the next RBM, and Contrastive Divergence (CD) algorithm was also exploited to train multilayered DBN effectively. The performance of the proposed DBN was tested with different combinations of hidden units and hidden layers on multiple subjects, the experimental results showed that the proposed method performs better with 8 hidden layers. The recognition accuracy results were compared with Support vector machine (SVM) and DBN classifier demonstrated better performance in all tested cases. There was an improvement of 4 – 6% for certain cases.
Intelligent Access to Digital Video: Informedia Project

Computer he Informedia Digital Video Library project' will establish a large, on-line digital video library featuring full-content and knowledge-based search and retrieval. Intelligent, automatic mecha nisms will be developed to populate the library. Search and retrieval from digital video, audio, and text libraries will take place via desktop computer over local-, metropolitan-, and wide-area networks. Initially, the library will be populated with 1,000 hours of raw and edited documentary and education videos drawn from video assets of WQED/Pittsburgh, Fairfax County (Virginia) Public Schools, and the Open University (United Kingdom). To assess the value of video reference libraries for enhanced learning at different ages, we will deploy the library at Carnegie Mellon University and local schools, from elementary school through high school. Our approach applies several techniques for content-based searching and video-sequence retrieval. Content is conveyed in both the narrative (speech and language) and the image. Only by the collaborative interaction of image, speech, and natural-language understanding technology can we successfully populate, segment, index, and search diverse video collections with satisfactory recall and precision. This collaborative interaction approach uniquely compensates for problems of interpretation and search in error-ridden and ambiguous data sets. We start with a highly accurate, speaker-independent, connected speech recognizer that automatically transcribes video soundtracks. A language-understanding system then analyzes and organizes the transcript and stores it in a full-text information retrieval system. This text database permits rapid retrieval of individual video segments that satisfy an arbitrary query on the basis of the words in the soundtrack and in associated annotations and credits. Image and language understanding lets us locate and delineate the corresponding "video paragraph" context through combined source information about camera cuts, object tracking, speaker changes, timing of audio and/or background music, and change in content of spoken words. Controls let the user interactively request corresponding video paragraphs to full volumes, browse the results, intelligently "skim" the returned content, and reuse the stored video objects in different ways. Figure 1 illustrates a typical user retrieval display. The data and network architecture we have implemented provides a distributed data multilevel hierarchy and enables networking on commercial data services. To protect data rights in intellectual property and to provide security and privacy, we've incorporated network billing, variable pricing, and access control. All digital libraries share common technical and sociological issues, attributes, features, and challenges 2 The digital video library exacerbates many of these problems. Moreover, it generates new research challenges across diverse disciplines, beginningwith automated techniques to derive
Impact of sinus surgery on pseudomonal airway colonization, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and survival in cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND
Lung transplantation (LTx) is a therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) end-stage lung disease. Pseudomonal airway colonization (PAC) is common in CF.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated the influence of post-transplant sinus surgery and daily nasal douching on PAC after LTx and the influence of PAC on survival and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).


METHODS
CF patients transplanted at our centre were included (November 1992 to December 2009). Clinical data, including microbiological data before and after LTx were collected. Survival and BOS following LTx were compared for CF recipients with and without PAC by Kaplan-Meier statistics and Cox regression analysis.


RESULTS
Ninety-four CF patients were transplanted, of whom 82 (87%) underwent sinus surgery after transplantation, and 65% of 66 patients with pre-transplant PAC had persistent PAC after transplantation. Upper and lower PAC is related. Patients without PAC after transplantation had a significantly better survival rate, and BOS was less frequent with a later onset. PAC was the only significant parameter for the development of BOS stage 2 in the multivariate analysis for cytomegalovirus infection, acute rejection and PAC.


CONCLUSIONS
Sinus surgery and daily nasal douching reduced PAC in LTx recipients. Absence of post-transplant PAC had a positive impact on post-transplant survival and the development of BOS.
Therapeutic effects of magnetic and copper bracelets in osteoarthritis: a randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial.

OBJECTIVES
To test the effectiveness of a typical magnetic wrist strap for reducing pain and stiffness, and for improving physical functioning amongst patients with osteoarthritis.


DESIGN
A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Each participant wore four devices over a 16-week period.


SETTING
Forty five patients with osteoarthritis were recruited from general practices in rural and urban areas of Yorkshire.


INTERVENTIONS
Experimental device: a commercially available magnetic wrist strap. Control devices: a weak magnetic wrist strap, a demagnetised wrist strap, and a copper bracelet.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Pain Rating Index (PRI), a pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and medication use.


RESULTS
No difference was observed between devices in terms of their effects on pain as measured by the primary outcome measure (WOMAC A), the PRI and the VAS. Similar results were obtained for stiffness (WOMAC B), physical function (WOMAC C), and medication use. Further analyses of the PRI subscales revealed a statistically significant difference between devices (P=0.025), which favoured the experimental device. Participants reported lower sensory pain after wearing the standard magnetic wrist strap, than when wearing control devices. However, no adjustment was made for multiple testing.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that magnetic and copper bracelets are generally ineffective for managing pain, stiffness and physical function in osteoarthritis. Reported therapeutic benefits are most likely attributable to non-specific placebo effects. However such devices have no major adverse effects and may provide hope.
Prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer by curcumin in combination with omega-3 fatty acids.

Pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells were exposed to curcumin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or combinations of both and analyzed for proliferation and apoptosis. Pancreatic tumor xenografts were established by injecting BxPC-3 cells into each flank of nude mice. After the tumors reached a size of approximately 190-200 mm(3), animals were fed diets with or without 2,000 ppm curcumin in 18% corn oil or 15% fish oil + 3% corn oil for 6 more wk before assessing the tumor volume and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygeanse-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxinase (5-LOX), and p21. A synergistic effect was observed on induction of apoptosis (approximately sixfold) and inhibition of cell proliferation (approximately 70%) when cells were treated with curcumin (5 microM) together with the DHA (25 microM). Mice fed fish oil and curcumin showed a significantly reduced tumor volume, 25% (P < 0.04) and 43% (P < 0.005), respectively, and importantly, a combination of curcumin and fish oil diet showed > 72% (P < 0.0001) tumor volume reduction. Expression and activity of iNOS, COX-2, and 5-LOX are downregulated, and p21 is upregulated in tumor xenograft fed curcumin combined with fish oil diet when compared to individual diets. The preceding results evidence for the first time that curcumin combined with omega-3 fatty acids provide synergistic pancreatic tumor inhibitory properties.
Insulin pump therapy: guidelines for successful outcomes.

PURPOSE
Current forms of insulin delivery used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (diabetes) include syringes, pens, and insulin pumps. Technical advantages of insulin pump therapy, or continuous subcutaneous insulin delivery (CSII), include precise and flexible insulin dosing. In the context of intensive diabetes management, insulin pumps can facilitate improved long-term glycemic control and reduce the risk for diabetes complications, with improved lifestyle flexibility for patients and their families. Comprehensive patient education, carbohydrate counting, and frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose or continuous glucose monitoring are necessary components of successful insulin pump therapy. Technological advances have increased the appeal of pump therapy to patients and clinicians. Physically, current insulin pumps are discreet, ergonomic, and water resistant. Meanwhile, software improvements have yielded smart pumps with features that support pump users in their daily diabetes management. Robust data analysis software packages allow patients and clinicians unprecedented insight into the quality of diabetes control. Furthermore, widespread insurance reimbursement for CSII has expanded access to therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
As the number of pump users and potential users expands, diabetes educators face new challenges and opportunities to improve patients' lives with diabetes. This activity describes the rationale for insulin pump therapy, its potential advantages and disadvantages, and strategies regarding patient selection and education.
A widely tunable RF MEMS end-coupled filter

A three-pole tunable end-coupled filter from 6 to 10 GHz was developed with a broad 35% tuning range. This tuning range was realized by switching distributed loading structures with radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) capacitive switches. By tuning the coupling capacitors as well as the loading capacitors, the filter achieved a constant fractional bandwidth of 15/spl plusmn/0.3% and an insertion loss ranging from 3.3 dB to 3.8 dB over the entire band. Digital switching ensured good thermal stability, and microstrip transmission lines provided lower insertion loss than with coplanar waveguide. Future improvements are expected to decrease the insertion loss to below 2.1 dB.
Childhood nephrotic syndrome—current and future therapies

The introduction of corticosteroids more than 50 years ago dramatically improved the prognosis of children with nephrotic syndrome. Corticosteroids remain the standard initial treatment for children with this disease, but a considerable proportion of patients do not respond and are therefore at risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease. Because of this risk, new therapeutic strategies are needed for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. These strategies have historically focused on identifying effective alternative immunosuppressive agents, such as ciclosporin and tacrolimus, yet evidence now indicates that nephrotic syndrome results from podocyte dysfunction. Even conventional immunosuppressive agents, such as glucocorticoids and ciclosporin, directly affect podocyte structure and function, challenging the 'immune theory' of the pathogenesis of childhood nephrotic syndrome in which disease is caused by T cells. This Review summarizes the currently available treatments for childhood nephrotic syndrome, and discusses selected novel pathways in podocytes that could be targeted for the development of next-generation treatments for children with this syndrome.
Serum Phosphate as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events in People with and without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Large Community Based Cohort Study

BACKGROUND
Serum phosphate is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however data on the association of these outcomes with serum phosphate in the general population are scarce. We investigate this relationship in people with and without CKD in a large community-based population.


METHODS
Three groups from an adult cohort of the Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease (QICKD) cluster randomised trial (ISRCTN56023731) were followed over a period of 2.5 years: people with normal renal function (N = 24,184), people with CKD stages 1-2 (N = 20,356), and people with CKD stages 3-5 (N = 13,292). We used a multilevel logistic regression model to determine the association between serum phosphate, in these groups, and a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and advanced coronary artery disease. We adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors.


FINDINGS
Higher phosphate levels were found to correlate with increased cardiovascular risk. In people with normal renal function and CKD stages 1-2, Phosphate levels between 1.25 and 1.50 mmol/l were associated with increased cardiovascular events; odds ratio (OR) 1.36 (95% CI 1.06-1.74; p = 0.016) in people with normal renal function and OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.09-1.81; p = 0.010) in people with CKD stages 1-2. Hypophosphatemia (<0.75 mmol/l) was associated with fewer cardiovascular events in people with normal renal function; OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.36-0.97; p = 0.049). In people with CKD stages 3-5, hyperphosphatemia (>1.50 mmol/l) was associated with increased cardiovascular risk; OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.64-3.32; p<0.001). Other phosphate ranges were not found to have a significant impact on cardiovascular events in people with CKD stages 3-5.


CONCLUSIONS
Serum phosphate is associated with cardiovascular events in people with and without CKD. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Chapter 3 Large-Scale Image Geolocalization

In this chapter, we explore the task of global image geolocalization— estimating where on the Earth a photograph was captured. We examine variants of the “im2gps” algorithm using millions of “geotagged” Internet photographs as training data. We first discuss a simple to understand nearest-neighbor baseline. Next, we introduce a lazy-learning approach with more sophisticated features that doubles the performance of the original “im2gps” algorithm. Beyond quantifying geolocalization accuracy, we also analyze (a) how the nonuniform distribution of training data impacts the algorithm (b) how performance compares to baselines such as random guessing and land-cover recognition and (c) whether geolocalization is simply landmark or “instance level” recognition at a large scale. We also show that geolocation estimates can provide the basis for image understanding tasks such as population density estimation or land cover estimation. This work was originally described, in part, in “im2gps” [9] which was the first attempt at global geolocalization using Internet-derived training data.
Aquaponics: integrating fish feeding rates and ion waste production for strawberry hydroponics.

Aquaponics is the science of integrating intensive fish aquaculture with plant production in recirculating water systems. Although ion waste production by f ish cannot satisfy all plant requirements, less is known about the relationship between total feed provided for f ish and the production of milliequivalents (mEq) of different macronutrients for plants, especially for nutrient flow hydroponics used for strawberry production in Spain. That knowledge is essential to consider the amount of macronutrients available in aquaculture systems so that farmers can estimate how much nutrient needs to be supplemented in the waste water from fish, to produce viable plant growth. In the present experiment, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were grown in a small-scale recirculating system at two different densities while growth and feed consumption were noted every week for five weeks. At the same time points, water samples were taken to measure pH, EC25, HCO3, Cl, NH4, NO2, NO3, H2PO4, SO4, Na, K, Ca and Mg build up. The total increase in mEq of each ion per kg of feed provided to the fish was highest for NO3, followed, in decreasing order, by Ca, H2PO4, K, Mg and SO4. The total amount of feed required per mEq ranged from 1.6113.1 kg for the four most abundant ions (NO3, Ca, H2PO4 and K) at a density of 2 kg fish m, suggesting that it would be rather easy to maintain small populations of fish to reduce the cost of hydroponic solution supplementation for strawberries. Additional key words: aquaculture; nutrients; recirculating system; tilapia; water quality.
Bacterial Cellulose Film Coating as Drug Delivery System: Physicochemical, Thermal and Drug Release Properties (Penyalutan Filem Selulosa Bakteria sebagai Satu Sistem Penyampaian Dadah: Sifat-sifat Fizikokima, Terma dan Pelepasan Dadah)

There has been an increasing interest in the use of natural materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and ready availability. These properties make bacterial cellulose (BC), from nata de coco, a promising biopolymer for drug delivery applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the film-coating and drug release properties of this biopolymer. Physicochemical, morphological and thermal properties of BC films were studied. Model tablets were film coated with BC, using a spray coating technique, and in vitro drug release studies of these tablets were investigated. It was found that BC exhibited excellent ability to form soft, flexible and foldable films without the addition of any plasticizer. They were comparable to Aquacoat ECD (with plasticizer) in tensile strength, percentage elongation and elasticity modulus. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) BC showed a high Tg value indicating thermally stability of films. These results suggest that BC can be used as novel aqueous film-coating agent with lower cost and better film forming properties than existing film-coating agents.
Kernel sparse representation for time series classification

Article history: Received 12 February 2014 Received in revised form 13 August 2014 Accepted 29 August 2014 Available online 8 September 2014
An Efficient Parameter Extraction Methodology for the EKV MOST Model

This paper presents a new parameter extraction methodology, based on an accurate and continuous MOS model dedicated to low-voltage and low-current analog circuit design and simulation (EKV MOST Model). The extraction procedure provides the key parameters from the pinch-off versus gate voltage characteristic, measured at constant current from a device biased in moderate inversion. Unique parameter sets, suitable for statistical analysis, describe the device behavior in all operating regions and over all device geometries. This efficient and simple method is shown to be accurate for both submicron bulk CMOS and fully depleted SOI technologies. INTRODUCTION The requirements for good MOS analog simulation models such as accuracy and continuity of the largeand small-signal characteristics are well established [1][2]. Continuity of the largeand small-signal characteristics from weak to strong inversion is one of the main features of the Enz-Krummenacher-Vittoz or EKV MOS transistor model [3][4][5]. One of the basic concepts of this model is the pinch-off voltage. A constant current bias is used to measure the pinch-off voltage versus gate voltage characteristic in moderate inversion (MI). This measure allows for an efficient and simple characterization method to be formulated for the most important model parameters as the threshold voltage and the other parameters related to the channel doping, using a single measured characteristic. The same principle is applied for various geometries, including shortand narrow-channel devices, and forms the major part of the complete characterization methodology. The simplicity of the model and the relatively small number of parameters to be extracted eases the parameter extraction. This is of particular importance if large statistical data are to be gathered. This method has been validated on a large number of different CMOS processes. To show its flexibility as well as the abilities of the model, results are presented for submicron bulk and fully depleted SOI technologies. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE STATIC MODEL A detailed description of the model formulation can be found in [3]; important concepts are shortly recalled here since they form the basis of the parameter extraction. A set of 13 intrinsic parameters is used for first and second order effects, listed in Table I. Unlike most other MOS simulation models, in the EKV model the gate, source and drain voltages, VG , VS and VD , are all referred to the substrate in order to preserve the intrinsic symmetry of the device. The Pinch-off Voltage The threshold voltage VTO, which is consequently also referred to the bulk, is defined as the gate voltage for which the inversion charge forming the channel is zero at equilibrium. The pinch-off voltage VP corresponds to the value of the channel potential Vch for which the inversion charge becomes zero in a non-equilibrium situation. VP can be directly related to VG :
Ablation of Stable VTs Versus Substrate Ablation in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: The VISTA Randomized Multicenter Trial.

BACKGROUND
Catheter ablation reduces ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in patients with VT and ischemic cardiomyopathy. The most effective catheter ablation technique is unknown.


OBJECTIVES
This study determined rates of VT recurrence in patients undergoing ablation limited to clinical VT along with mappable VTs ("clinical ablation") versus substrate-based ablation.


METHODS
Subjects with ischemic cardiomyopathy and hemodynamically tolerated VT were randomized to clinical ablation (n = 60) versus substrate-based ablation that targeted all "abnormal" electrograms in the scar (n = 58). Primary endpoint was recurrence of VT. Secondary endpoints included periprocedural complications, 12-month mortality, and rehospitalizations.


RESULTS
At 12-month follow-up, 9 (15.5%) and 29 (48.3%) patients had VT recurrence in substrate-based and clinical VT ablation groups, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). More patients undergoing clinical VT ablation (58%) were on antiarrhythmic drugs after ablation versus substrate-based ablation (12%; p < 0.001). Seven (12%) patients with substrate ablation and 19 (32%) with clinical ablation required rehospitalization (p = 0.014). Overall 12-month mortality was 11.9%; 8.6% in substrate ablation and 15.0% in clinical ablation groups, respectively (log-rank p = 0.21). Combined incidence of rehospitalization and mortality was significantly lower with substrate ablation (p = 0.003). Periprocedural complications were similar in both groups (p = 0.61).


CONCLUSIONS
An extensive substrate-based ablation approach is superior to ablation targeting only clinical and stable VTs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy presenting with tolerated VT. (Ablation of Clinical Ventricular Tachycardia Versus Addition of Substrate Ablation on the Long Term Success Rate of VT Ablation (VISTA); NCT01045668).