LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Influence of inclination error in sedimentary rocks on the Triassic and Jurassic apparent pole wander path for North America and implications for Cordilleran tectonics

[1] Because of paleomagnetic inclination error (I error) in sedimentary rocks, we argue that previous estimates of Triassic and Jurassic paleolatitudes of the North American craton have generally been too low, the record being derived mostly from sedimentary rocks. Using results from all major cratons, we construct a new composite apparent pole wander (APW) path for Triassic through Paleogene based on 69 paleopoles ranging in age from 243 to 43 Ma. The poles are from igneous rocks and certain sedimentary formations corrected for I error brought into North American coordinates using plate tectonic reconstructions. Key features of the new APW path are a 25° northward progression from 230 to 190 Ma to high latitudes (off northernmost Siberia) where the pole lingers until 160 Ma, a jump to the Aleutians followed by a hook in western Alaska by ∼145 Ma that leads to the 130–60 Ma stillstand, after which the pole moves to its present position. As an example of the application of this new path we use paleomagnetic results to determine that southern Wrangellia and Stikinia (W/S), the two most westerly terranes in the Canadian Cordillera, lay 630 to 1650 km farther south than at present relative to the craton during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. This is consistent with an exotic Tethyan origin as paleontological and mantle geochemical evidences imply. During the Late Triassic through Early Cretaceous, W/S moved northward more slowly than the craton, implying oblique sinistral net convergence over this 130 Myr interval. This was followed by dextral shear in latest Cretaceous through Eocene.
Addition related arithmetic operations via controlled transport of charge

This work investigates the single electron tunneling (SET) technology-based computation of basic addition related arithmetic functions, e.g., addition and multiplication, via a novel computation paradigm, which we refer to as electron counting arithmetic, that is based on controlling the transport of discrete quantities of electrons within the SET circuit. First, assuming that the number of controllable electrons within the system is unrestricted, we prove that the addition of two n-bit operands can be computed with a depth-2 network composed out of 3n+1 circuit elements and that the multiplication of two n-bit operands can be computed with a depth-3 network composed out of 4n-1 circuit elements. Second, assuming that the number of controllable electrons cannot be higher than a given constant r determined by practical limitations, we prove that the addition of two n-bit operands can be computed with a depth-(n/r+3) network composed out of 3n+1+n/r circuit elements. Under the same restriction, we suggest methods to reduce the addition network depth in the order of logn/r and to perform n-bit multiplication in an O(logn/r) delay. Finally, we propose SET-based implementations for a set of basic electron counting building blocks and implement a number of circuits operating under the electron counting paradigm as follows: 4-bit digital to analog converter, 5-bit analog to digital converter, 4-bit adder, and 3-bit multiplier. All proposed implementations are verified by means of simulation.
Segmenting and Tagging Text with Neural Networks

Shao, Y. 2018. Segmenting and Tagging Text with Neural Networks. Studia Linguistica Upsaliensia 21. 76 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0340-6. Segmentation and tagging of text are important preprocessing steps for higher-level natural language processing tasks. In this thesis, we apply a sequence labelling framework based on neural networks to various segmentation and tagging tasks, including sentence segmentation, word segmentation, morpheme segmentation, joint word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging, and named entity transliteration. We apply a general neural CRF model to different tasks by designing specific tag sets. In addition, we explore effective ways of representing input characters, such as utilising concatenated n-grams and sub-character features, and use ensemble decoding to mitigate the effects of random parameter initialisation. The segmentation and tagging models are evaluated in a truly multilingual setup with more than 70 datasets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed neural CRF model is effective for segmentation and tagging in general as state-of-the-art accuracies are achieved on datasets in different languages, genres, and annotation schemes for various tasks. For word segmentation, we propose several typological factors to statistically characterise the difficulties posed by different languages and writing systems. Based on this analysis, we apply language-specific settings to the segmentation system for higher accuracy. Our system achieves substantially better results on languages that are more difficult to segment when compared to previous work. Moreover, we investigate conventionally adopted evaluation metrics for segmentation tasks. We propose that precision should be excluded and using recall alone is more adequate for sentence segmentation and word segmentation. The segmentation and tagging tools implemented along with this thesis are publicly available as experimental frameworks for future development as well as preprocessing tools for higher-level NLP tasks.
'Leave me alone' lesions of the petrous apex.

PURPOSE
When troublesome MR imaging findings are noted in the petrous apex, the radiologist must determine if the area in question needs surgical therapy. Two nonsurgical entities, asymmetric fatty marrow and fluid-filled petrous air cells (trapped fluid), can be noted on conventional brain MR images and confused with pathologic lesions. Our observation that radiologists do not always confidently define the nonsurgical petrous apex lesions precipitated this investigation.


METHODS
Twenty-three patients with either asymmetric fatty marrow (six) or unilateral effusion in a pneumatized petrous apex (17) on MR images were studied. Eighteen patients underwent high-resolution temporal bone CT. For all patients, the medical charts were reviewed retrospectively and/or the surgical and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed with the referring physician.


RESULTS
In the patients with asymmetric fatty marrow, MR signal intensity followed fat on all sequences. The questioned apex in the patients with trapped fluid showed mixed MR signal characteristics (low to high T1 signal, high T2 signal). CT scans confirmed nonexpansile air-cell opacification.


CONCLUSION
Asymmetric fatty marrow in the petrous apex and petrous air-cell effusions have characteristic MR and CT features that facilitate their correct diagnosis. Effusions with intermediate or high T1 signal are most frequently confused with cholesterol granulomas. In those patients, long-term CT follow-up may be helpful to confirm their stability.
FEMINIST ATTITUDES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AND MEN

Research on the intersection of race and gender suggests that for African Americans, racial inequality is more salient than gender inequality. However theoretical perspectives on the multiplicative effects of status positions and "outsider within" models suggest that minority group membership can be a catalyst for the development of feminist attitudes. This article examines three issues central to feminism: (1) recognition and critique of gender inequality, (2) egalitarian gender roles, and (3) political activism for the rights of women. The authors found that support for feminist ideology was common for both African American women and men, although the level of support varied depending on the issue and by gender Factors predicting the endorsement of feminist ideology also varied depending on the issue and by gender The authors found partial support for the race saliency hypothesis, but there was also evidence of the multiplicative effects of status positions on African Americans feminist attitudes. Feminist Ideology | Race | African Americans | Gender Roles
Impact of malaria morbidity on gross domestic product in Uganda

BACKGROUND
The burden of malaria is a key challenge to both human and economic development in malaria endemic countries. The impact of malaria can be categorized from three dimensions, namely: health, social and economic. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of malaria morbidity on gross domestic product (GDP) of Uganda.


METHODS
The impact of malaria morbidity on GDP of Uganda was estimated using double-log econometric model. The 1997-2003 time series macro-data used in the analysis were for 28 quarters, i.e. 7 years times 4 quarters per year. It was obtained from national and international secondary sources.


RESULTS
The slope coefficient for Malaria Index (M) was -0.00767; which indicates that when malaria morbidity increases by one unit, while holding all other explanatory variables constant, per capita GDP decreases by US$0.00767 per year. In 2003 Uganda lost US$ 49,825,003 of GDP due to malaria morbidity. Dividing the total loss of US$49.8 million by a population of 25,827,000 yields a loss in GDP of US$1.93 per person in Uganda in 2003.


CONCLUSION
Malaria morbidity results in a substantive loss in GDP of Uganda. The high burden of malaria leads to decreased long-term economic growth, and works against poverty eradication efforts and socioeconomic development of the country.
Bullet-Proof Robust Real-Time Ball Tracking

This paper proposes a novel ball tracking approach for coping with difficult situations as occlusion and fast object movement, in the context of collective sports. In particular, in the context of soccer, the ball cannot be represented by the features which are commonly utilised in the state of the art, because of the high distortion of the ball in case of fast movement, and considering the small size of the ball (below 30 pixels), due to the distance of the static cameras with respect to football ground. In this work, we propose an elliptical model able to represent the distortion of the ball when is moving fast, which combines elliptical shape features with its current appearance, and the available information about the object dynamics. For ball tracking, we apply a two stage algorithm. At the first stage, a ball image matching method is applied, finding all the candidate regions for the position of the ball in the field. At the second stage, the detected regions are analysed in relation with the dynamics of the previously detected ball candidates, and their similarity with regions in the previous frames, rejecting candidates when the current region is more similar to previous no-ball regions in comparison to previous ball regions. If the ball is occluded by players or camouflaged by field lines, we apply a new additional method for recovering the position of the ball. The main contributions of our method are: the incorporation of the ball distortion to the ball model, and a new algorithm for the detection of the ball in occlusion situations. We have tested our approach in real benchmark sequences, facing complex challenges related to occlusion, low resolution, distortion due to speed, and illumination problems, with very competitive results.
Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing

sprightly style and is interesting from cover to cover. The comments, critiques, and summaries that accompany the chapters are very helpful in crystalizing the ideas and answering questions that may arise, particularly to the self-learner. The transparency in the presentation of the material in the book equips the reader to proceed quickly to a wealth of problems included at the end of each chapter. These problems ranging from elementary to research-level are very valuable in that a solid working knowledge of the invariant imbedding techniques is acquired as well as good insight in attacking problems in various applied areas. Furthermore, a useful selection of references is given at the end of each chapter. This book may not appeal to those mathematicians who are interested primarily in the sophistication of mathematical theory, because the authors have deliberately avoided all pseudo-sophistication in attaining transparency of exposition. Precisely for the same reason the majority of the intended readers who are applications-oriented and are eager to use the techniques quickly in their own fields will welcome and appreciate the efforts put into writing this book. From a purely mathematical point of view, some of the invariant imbedding results may be considered to be generalizations of the classical theory of first-order partial differential equations, and a part of the analysis of invariant imbedding is still at a somewhat heuristic stage despite successes in many computational applications. However, those who are concerned with mathematical rigor will find opportunities to explore the foundations of the invariant imbedding method. In conclusion, let me quote the following: "What is the best method to obtain the solution to a problem'? The answer is, any way that works." (Richard P. Feyman, Engineering and Science, March 1965, Vol. XXVIII, no. 6, p. 9.) In this well-written book, Bellman and Wing have indeed accomplished the task of introducing the simplicity of the invariant imbedding method to tackle various problems of interest to engineers, physicists, applied mathematicians, and numerical analysts.
Modelling multivariate biomechanical measurements of the spine during a rowing exercise.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the ability of statistical techniques to detect systematic changes in rowing technique during a rowing session and to discriminate between rowers of different abilities with and without back pain.


DESIGN
Statistical techniques were applied to kinematic datasets of elite level rowers, in order to construct an empirical model of the rowing stroke.


BACKGROUND
The size and complexity of datasets generated by biomechanical kinematics evaluations has led to opportunities for analysing pathology whilst introducing substantial challenges for statistical analysis.


METHODS
Spinal motion and load output of 18 International and National standard competitive rowers were monitored during ergometer rowing sessions. International rower data were used to construct an empirical model of this activity. Linear stroke models were derived using principal components and a generalized cross-validation procedure. Performance characteristics of the identified models were calculated for all rowing groups. The stroke model was applied to distinguishing pattern variations within and between rowers. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between stroke model parameters on the incidence of low back pain.


RESULTS
90% of the variability in the data was explained by the first three principal component variables. Stroke models with three basis functions were selected for each variable. The models performed well on the National rowers, providing validation of the models. A 2-variable model showed a significant difference between the rowing stroke characteristics of rowers with and without low back pain (P<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
A parsimonious collection of empirical models effectively describes motion and load characteristics of ergometer rowing. Patterns in rowing technique are found to be strongly associated with the incidence lower back pain.


RELEVANCE
Empirical statistical models can be used to track changes in rowing technique, and discriminate between different rowing groups. This may impact rowing training, and rehabilitation.
Amorphous Fe Co Ni oxide for oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract Development of scalable, efficient and stable nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is of great significance in electrochemical water splitting. Multicomponent metal mixed oxides with controlled structures and compositions are recently considered as promising candidates to realize efficient oxygen evolution reaction at low overpotential. Herein, a Fe Co Ni gel with uniform dispersion of Fe/Co/Ni is prepared by a facile sol-gel method, followed by a vacuum drying process to obtain an amorphous ternary Fe Co Ni oxide. Of note, this strategy can be extended to synthesize other amorphous multicomponent metal oxides in force. Benefiting from the structural and compositional advantages, the as-prepared FeCoNiO x exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution with an overpotential of only 240 and 203 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 on a glassy carbon electrode and Ni foam electrode, respectively. The present approach provides some insight in design and synthesis of amorphous multicomponent metal oxide materials for energy storage and conversion applications.
Graft maturity of the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament 6 months postoperatively: a magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of quadriceps tendon with bone block and hamstring tendon autografts

The purpose of this study was to report the potential differences associated with graft maturity measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between quadriceps tendon with bone block and hamstring tendon autografts 6 months after ACL reconstruction. Twenty-six patients (15 male, 11 female; mean age 29.4 ± 17 years, range 13–46 years) who had undergone anatomic SB ACL reconstruction with either hamstring or quadriceps tendon with bone block autografts and had postoperative MRI 6 months after surgery. In 12 cases, the quadriceps tendon with bone block was used and hamstring in 14 cases. The signal/noise quotient was calculated to compare the difference between quadriceps tendon with bone block and hamstring autografts. Mean signal/noise quotient is lesser in quadriceps tendon with bone block (1.74 ± 0.39) compared with HS (2.44 ± 0.61) autografts (p = 0.020). For hamstring autograft, the distal region showed a significantly lower mean signal/noise quotient value compared with middle region, and the mean signal/noise quotient value in proximal region was the highest (distal vs middle p < 0.001; middle vs proximal p = 0.007; proximal vs distal p < 0.001). The mean signal/noise quotient of proximal region in quadriceps tendon with bone block autograft was lesser than that in hamstring. The middle region of the quadriceps tendon with bone block graft demonstrated the greatest signal/noise quotient [distal vs middle p = 0.001; middle vs proximal p = 0.027; proximal vs distal (n.s.)]. The maturity of quadriceps tendon with bone block was better in comparison with hamstring 6 months after anatomic SB ACL reconstruction. This study is clinically relevant in that modifying the individual rehabilitation according to the extent of graft maturity may be necessary to optimize patient function and prevent re-injury of the ACL graft. Retrospective case series, Level IV.
Paper in Business Analytics Feature Selection using LASSO

Which are the most relevant attributes to describe a response variable? This is one of the first question a researcher need to ask himself while analyzing a dataset, and the answer is not trivial. This research paper aims to explain and discuss the use of the LASSO method to address the feature selection task. Feature selection is a crucial and challenging task in the statistical modeling field, there are many studies that try to optimize and standardize this process for any kind of data, but this is not an easy thing to do. In the first chapter an introduction of feature selection task and the LASSO method are presented. In the second chapter we will apply the LASSO feature selection property to a Linear Regression problem, and the results of the analysis on a real dataset will be shown. Finally, in the third chapter the same analysis is repeated on a Generalized Linear Model in particular a Logistic Regression Model for a high-dimensional dataset. In the same chapter the findings of the scientific study of J.Chen and Z.Chen [4] are presented.
A Role for the Superior Colliculus in Decision Criteria

Simple decisions arise from the evaluation of sensory evidence. But decisions are determined by more than just evidence. Individuals establish internal decision criteria that influence how they respond. Where or how decision criteria are established in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we show that neuronal activity in the superior colliculus (SC) predicts changes in decision criteria. Using a novel "Yes-No" task that isolates changes in decision criterion from changes in decision sensitivity, and computing neuronal measures of sensitivity and criterion, we find that SC neuronal activity correlates with the decision criterion regardless of the location of the choice report. We also show that electrical manipulation of activity within the SC produces changes in decisions consistent with changes in decision criteria and are largely independent of the choice report location. Our correlational and causal results together provide strong evidence that SC activity signals the position of a decision criterion. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Adding Communicative and Affective Strategies to an Embodied Conversational Agent to Enhance Second Language Learners’ Willingness to Communicate

This paper describes an embodied conversational agent enhanced with specific conversational strategies aiming to foster learners’ readiness towards communication in a second language (L2). Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language is believed to have a direct and sustained influence on learners’ actual usage frequency of the target language. To help overcome the lack of suitable environments for increasing L2 learners’ WTC, our approach is to build embodied conversational agents that can help learners surmount their apprehension towards communication in L2. Here, we focus on the dialogue management aspects of our approach and propose a model based on a set of communication strategies (CS) and affective backchannels (AB) to foster such agents’ ability to carry on natural and WTC-friendly conversations with learners. We examined learners’ expected WTC after interacting with one of the following versions of the system: an agent featuring both CS and AB; an agent featuring only CS; and an agent featuring only AB. The results suggested that combining CS and AB empowers the conversational agent and leads to higher expected WTC among L2 learners. We also found that even the AB-only version of the system had the potential to enhance WTC to some extent. These findings are evidence of the feasibility of enhancing L2 learners’ engagement towards communication using a computer-based environment coupled with appropriate conversational strategies.