LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
General law of motion of electrons: Ions and molecules in dielectric liquids

A new general formula has been established by the author to explain the transport mechanism of electrons, ions and molecules in ionised saturated hydrocarbon groups and other liquids.
Adenomyoepithelial tumours and myoepithelial carcinomas of the breast – a spectrum of monophasic and biphasic tumours dominated by immature myoepithelial cells

Adenomyoepithelial tumours and myoepithelial carcinomas of the breast are primarily defined by the presence of neoplastic cells with a myoepithelial immunophenotype. Current classification schemes are based on purely descriptive features and an assessment of individual prognosis is still problematic. A series of 27 adenomyoepithelial tumours of the breast was analysed immunohistochemically with antibodies directed against various cytokeratins, p63, smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) and vimentin. Additionally, double immunofluorescence and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) was performed. Immunohistochemically, all the tumours showed a constant expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins (Ck) Ck5 and Ck14, p63, SMA and vimentin. With exception of one case diagnosed as myoepithelial carcinoma, all tested tumours expressed low molecular weight cytokeratin Ck18 in variable proportions of cells. Even in monophasic tumours lacking obvious glandular differentiation in conventional staining, a number of neoplastic cells still expressed those cytokeratins. Double immunofluorescence revealed tumour cells exclusively staining for Ck5/Ck14 in the presence of other cell populations that co-expressed high molecular weight Ck5/Ck14 as well as either low molecular weight Ck8/18 or SMA. Based on morphology, we assigned the series to three categories, benign, borderline and malignant. This classification was supported by a stepwise increase in cytogenetic alterations on CGH. Adenomyoepithelial tumours comprise a spectrum of neoplasms consisting of an admixture of glandular and myoepithelial differentiation patterns. As a key component SMA-positive cells co-expressing cytokeratins could be identified. Although categorisation of adenomyoepithelial tumours in benign, borderline and malignant was supported by results of CGH, any assessment of prognosis requires to be firmly based on morphological grounds. At present it is not yet clear, if and to what extent proposed Ck5-positive progenitor cells contribute to the immunohistochemical and morphological heterogeneity of these neoplasms of the breast.
Improving the Ridge Based Fingerprint Recognition Method Using Sweat Pores

Among several biometric traits possible to be used for people identification, fingerprint is still the most used. Current automated fingerprint identification systems are based on ridge patterns and minutiae, classified as first and second level features, respectively. However, the development of new fingerprint sensors and the growing demand for more secure systems are leading to the use of additional discriminative fingerprint characteristics known as third level features, such as the sweat pores. Recent researches on fingerprint recognition have focused on fingerprint fragments, in which methods based only on first and second level features tend to obtain low recognition rates. This paper proposes a robust method developed for fingerprint recognition from fingerprint fragments based on ridges and sweat pores. We have extended a ridgebased fingerprint recognition method previously proposed in the literature, based on Hough Transform, by incorporating sweat pores information in the matching step. Experimental results showed that although the reduction of Equal Error Rate is modest, a significant improvement was observed when analyzing the FMR100 and FMR1000 metrics, which are more suitable for high security applications. For these two metrics, the proposed approach obtained a reduction superior to 10% of the rates, when compared to the original ridge-based approach. Keywords-biometrics; fingerprints; ridges; sweat pores
A produção do conhecimento em enfermagem

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Parallel photonic information processing at gigabyte per second data rates using transient states

The increasing demands on information processing require novel computational concepts and true parallelism. Nevertheless, hardware realizations of unconventional computing approaches never exceeded a marginal existence. While the application of optics in super-computing receives reawakened interest, new concepts, partly neuro-inspired, are being considered and developed. Here we experimentally demonstrate the potential of a simple photonic architecture to process information at unprecedented data rates, implementing a learning-based approach. A semiconductor laser subject to delayed self-feedback and optical data injection is employed to solve computationally hard tasks. We demonstrate simultaneous spoken digit and speaker recognition and chaotic time-series prediction at data rates beyond 1 Gbyte/s. We identify all digits with very low classification errors and perform chaotic time-series prediction with 10% error. Our approach bridges the areas of photonic information processing, cognitive and information science.
Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients.

PURPOSE
To test the hypothesis that physicians' empathy is associated with positive clinical outcomes for diabetic patients.


METHOD
A correlational study design was used in a university-affiliated outpatient setting. Participants were 891 diabetic patients, treated between July 2006 and June 2009, by 29 family physicians. Results of the most recent hemoglobin A1c and LDL-C tests were extracted from the patients' electronic records. The results of hemoglobin A1c tests were categorized into good control (<7.0%) and poor control (>9.0%). Similarly, the results of the LDL-C tests were grouped into good control (<100) and poor control (>130). The physicians, who completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in 2009, were grouped into high, moderate, and low empathy scorers. Associations between physicians' level of empathy scores and patient outcomes were examined.


RESULTS
Patients of physicians with high empathy scores were significantly more likely to have good control of hemoglobin A1c (56%) than were patients of physicians with low empathy scores (40%, P < .001). Similarly, the proportion of patients with good LDL-C control was significantly higher for physicians with high empathy scores (59%) than physicians with low scores (44%, P < .001). Logistic regression analyses indicated that physicians' empathy had a unique contribution to the prediction of optimal clinical outcomes after controlling for physicians' and patients' gender and age, and patients' health insurance.


CONCLUSIONS
The hypothesis of a positive relationship between physicians' empathy and patients' clinical outcomes was confirmed, suggesting that physicians' empathy is an important factor associated with clinical competence and patient outcomes.
Transport properties of liquid metals and semiconductors from molecular dynamics simulation with the Kubo-Greenwood formula

Abstract Short but intense laser pulses may produce the high surface temperatures of metal or semiconductor targets exceeding the corresponding melting points. Hydrodynamic modeling of nano-scale fragmentation of a thin surface layer is feasible if the reflectivity and heat conductivity coefficients, usually obtained from experiments, are available. However, for such materials as silicon and titanium the experimental electric resistivity and heat conductivity are available only in narrow temperature ranges above the melting points. On the other hand, the heated surface layer keeps its initial density during a short two-temperature stage because the timescales of both femtosecond laser heating and electron-ion energy exchange are too short for material expansion. The short-lived high-temperature states of materials in this layer are also challenging for experimental study with techniques such as electrical explosion of wires or films. We perform accurate simulations of several materials in such states, including aluminum, copper, gold, silicon, and titanium, at the corresponding equilibrium volumes at room temperature and along their liquid-vapor coexistence curves using both classical and quantum molecular dynamics. The corresponding electron transport properties calculated by the Kubo-Greenwood theory are presented.
ON SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING FOR GLOBAL METAMODELING IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

Approximation models (also known as metamodels) have been widely used in engineering design to facilitate analysis and optimization of complex systems that involve computationally expensive simulation programs. The accuracy of metamodels is directly related to the sampling strategies used. Our goal in this paper is to investigate the general applicability of sequential sampling for creating global metamodels. Various sequential sampling approaches are reviewed and new approaches are proposed. The performances of these approaches are investigated against that of the onestage approach using a set of test problems with a variety of features. The potential usages of sequential sampling strategies are also discussed. NOMENCLATURE d Distance between two sample points ds Scaled distance between two sample points k Number of input variables n Number of sample points l Number of sample points generated at all the previous sampling stages m Number of sample points generated at the new sampling stage XD A sample set with n sample points Dn D D x x x ,..., , 2 1 XP A sample set with all l previous sample points Pl P P x x x ,..., , 2 1 XC A sample set with m new sample points Cm C C x x x ,..., , 2 1 R Correlation matrix INTRODUCTION Mathematical models have been widely used to simulate and analyze complex real world systems in the area of engineering design. These mathematical models, often implemented by computer codes (e.g., Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite Element Analysis), could be computationally expensive. For example, one run of a finite element model for vehicle crashworthiness can take several hours. While the capacity of computer keeps increasing, to capture the real world systems more accurately, today’s simulation codes are even getting much more complex and unavoidably more expensive. The multidisciplinary nature of design and the need for incorporating uncertainty in design optimization have posed additional challenges. A widely used strategy is to utilize approximation models which are often referred to as metamodels as they provide a model of the model [1], replacing the expensive simulation model during the process. Recent studies on using metamodels in design applications include [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], etc. For dealing with multidisciplinary systems, Meckesheimer, et al. [7] presented a generic integration framework to integrate metamodels from multiple subsystems. An important research issue related to metamodeling is how to achieve a good accuracy of a metamodel with a reasonable number of sample points. While the accuracy of a metamodel is directly related to the metamodeling technique used and the properties of a problem itself, the types of sampling approaches also have direct influences on the performance of a metamodel. Koehler and Owen [8] provided a good review on various sampling approaches for computer experiments. Simpson, et al. [9] compared five sampling strategies and four metamodeling approaches in terms of their
Market Making in the Interbank Foreign Exchange Market

This paper studies the market making behavior of FX dealers in the interbank market which is characterized by high trade volume and decentralized market structure. The dataset for my empirical estimation is based on the complete trade records of a FX dealer at a major commercial bank over 25 trading days. The dealer is among the five largest DM/$ dealers in the world, and the composition of his trades (customer trades, inter-dealer trades, etc.) is representative of the industry. I find evidence that incoming trades have information effects. However, I do not find evidence of price-shading as a tool for inventory control in inter-dealer trades. This is consistent with the view that quote shading signals a dealer’s position, and further reveals information from his proprietary order flows. A representative FX dealer instead lays off most undesired inventories through outgoing trades against other dealers’ quotes. Price impacts of such outgoing trades are minimized because the depth and low transparency of this market, together with the electronic dealing systems, allow a dealer to search effectively for the best prices. A dynamic analysis indicates that large trades have significant lagged price impacts, and that FX dealer often strategically delays quote revision to take advantage of low market transparency while working off inventory shocks. My study also suggests that dealers with diverse market positions might prefer different trading strategies. For example, an uninformed dealer with little customer business is likely to shade quotes for inventory control.
Does medical training promote or deter self-directed learning? A longitudinal mixed-methods study.

PURPOSE
The School of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan curriculum promotes self-direction as one of its learning philosophies. The authors sought to identify changes in self-directed learning (SDL) readiness during training.


METHOD
Guglielmino's SDL Readiness Scale (SDLRS) was administered to five student cohorts (N = 375) at admission and the end of every year of training, 2006 to 2010. Scores were analyzed using repeated-measurement analysis. A focus group and interviews captured students' and instructors' perceptions of self-direction.


RESULTS
Overall, the mean SDLRS score was 230.6; men (n = 168) 229.5; women (n = 197) 232.3, higher than in the average adult population. However, the authors were able to follow only 275 students through later years of medical education. There were no significant effects of gender, years of premedical training, and Medical College Admission Test scores on SDLRS scores. Older students were more self-directed. There was a significant drop in scores at the end of year one for each of the cohorts (P < .001), and no significant change to these SDLRS scores as students progressed through medical school. Students and faculty defined SDL narrowly and had similar perceptions of curricular factors affecting SDL.


CONCLUSIONS
The initial scores indicate high self-direction. The drop in scores one year after admission, and the lack of change with increased training, show that the current educational interventions may require reexamination and alteration to ones that promote SDL. Comparison with schools using a different curricular approach may bring to light the impact of curriculum on SDL.
Classification of public elementary students' game play patterns in a digital game-based learning system with pedagogical agent

This study investigates gameplay attributes that were used to classify student performance in a digital game-based learning system to determine if it will contribute to achieving learning gain. The study was conducted in selected public elementary schools which comprised of 10% of all grade four students in each school visited. Word Infection Version 4, a local-area-network digital game-based learning (DGBL) system with a pedagogical agent, and a pretest and posttest module which served as the tool to collect gameplay logs of students were developed. Also, a dashboard tool was developed to manage, facilitate and administer the game in a distributed network. Usability test results showed strong agreement on its usability, aesthetics and usefulness. Log attributes, gameplay patterns, and performance of elementary students' vocabulary learning were recorded then described using K-means algorithm to determine the different clusters of students' gameplay patterns and performance while using the system. Four clusters were produced to represent the different gameplay styles of the students: gaming, proficient, productive and idle. A model that classified game play patterns of student's performance using Naïve Bayes and J48 algorithms was produced. The accuracy and kappa statistic of the produced models were determined. Higher ratings in accuracy and kappa statistic were yielded by the decision tree algorithm; 52.34% and 0.216 respectively in comparison 42.88% and 0.062 respectively from Naïve Bayes.
Covariant Treatment of Neutrino Spin (Flavour) Conversion in Matter under the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields

Within the recently proposed Lorentz invariant formalism for description of neutrino spin evolution in presence of an arbitrary electromagnetic fields effects of matter motion and polarization are considered.
Attitude after a mild aortic valve lesion during rheumatic mitral valve surgery.

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated whether rheumatic aortic valve disease of mild degree should be treated in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.


METHODS
From 1992 to 2010, 197 patients (aged 52 [19-82] years, male:female = 60:137) who had rheumatic mitral valve disease and mild aortic valve disease were enrolled. The aortic valve was untreated in 114 patients (no treatment group), repaired in 40 patients (aortic valvuloplasty group), and replaced in 43 patients (aortic valve replacement group).


RESULTS
Operative mortality occurred in 4 patients (2.0%). There were no differences in early mortality and postoperative complications among the 3 groups. Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 96.3%, 92.1%, and 85.7%, respectively. In the no treatment group, progression-free survival in significant aortic valve disease at 5, 10, and 15 years was 98.7%, 91.3%, and 81.1%, respectively. This was not superior in the aortic valvuloplasty group (85.9%, 77.6%, and 69.8%, respectively) than in the no treatment group. Freedom from aortic valve disease was lower in patients with aortic stenosis than in those with aortic regurgitation in univariate and multivariable analyses (P < .001). Reoperation was performed in 19 patients, including 2 aortic valve reoperations. Aortic valve-related event-free survival was similar among the 3 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Mild aortic valve disease in patients undergoing rheumatic mitral valve surgery could be left untreated, because preventive aortic valve operation does not result in better clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.
Growth hormone therapy improves bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy: a preliminary pilot study.

CONTEXT
Cerebral palsy is associated with osteopenia, increased fracture risk, short stature, and decreased muscle mass, whereas GH therapy is associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD) and linear growth and improvement in body composition.


OBJECTIVE
We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the effect of 18 months of GH therapy on spinal BMD, linear growth, biochemical markers, and functional measures in children with cerebral palsy.


DESIGN AND SETTING
The study was a randomized control trial, conducted from 2002-2005 at the University of California, Los Angeles, Orthopedic Hospital's Center for Cerebral Palsy.


PATIENTS
Patients included 12 males with cerebral palsy, ages 4.5-15.4 yr.


INTERVENTION
We compared 18 months of GH (50 microg daily) vs. no treatment.


PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Spinal BMD (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan), height, growth factors, and bone markers were assessed.


RESULTS
Ten subjects (five in each group) completed the study. Pre- and post-average height z-scores were -1.47 +/- 0.23 and 0.8 +/- 0.2 (GH-treated group) vs. -1.35 +/- 1.26 and -1.36 +/- 1.27 (control group) (Delta SD score, 0.67 vs. -0.01; P = 0.01). Average change in spinal BMD z-score (Delta SD score corrected for height) was 1.169 +/- 0.614 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.25 in the treated and control groups, respectively (P = 0.03). Osteocalcin, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein 3 levels increased during GH therapy. There was no change in quality of life scores as measured by the Pediatric Orthopedic Disability Inventory.


CONCLUSIONS
This small pilot study suggests that 18 months of GH therapy is associated with statistically significant improvement in spinal BMD and linear growth.
An Affiliate Research Program in Power Engineering

A highly successful cooperative program between the College of Engineering and the power industry plays an important role in power engineering education at Iowa State University. This paper describes the history, operation, student participation, and the effect on both the undergraduate and graduate curriculum of the Power Affiliate Research Program at Iowa State. An associated program, the Power System Computer Service, is also described and its educational impact on Iowa State and other institutions is evaluated.
On Arithmetic Progressions Of Cycle Lengths In Graphs

A recently posed question of Häggkvist and Scott’s asked whether or not there exists a constant c such that if G is a graph of minimum degree ck then G contains cycles of k consecutive even lengths. In this paper we answer the question by proving that for k ≥ 2, a bipartite graph of average degree at least 4k and girth g contains cycles of (g/2 − 1)k consecutive even lengths. We also obtain a short proof of the theorem of Bondy and Simonovits, that a graph of order n and size at least 8(k− 1)n has a cycle of length 2k. Erdős and Burr [4] conjectured that for every odd number k, there is a constant ck such that for every natural number m, every graph of average degree at least ck contains a cycle of length m modulo k. Erdős and Burr [4] settled their conjecture in the case m = 2 and Robertson (see [4]) settled the case m = 0. The full conjecture was resolved by Bollobás [1], who proved the conjecture with ck = 2[(k + 1) k − 1]/k. In this paper, we show that ck = 8k will do. Thomassen [11] later showed cycles of all even lengths modulo k are obtained under the hypothesis that the average degree is at least 4k(k + 1), without requiring k to be odd. Thomassen [10] also proved that if G is a graph of minimum degree at least three and girth at least 2(k2 +1)(3 ·2k +1 +(k2 +1)2 −1), then G contains cycles of all even lengths modulo k.