LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Heme oxygenase-1 as a target for drug discovery.

SIGNIFICANCE
Heme oxygenase enzymes, which exist as constitutive (HO-2) and inducible (HO-1) isoforms, degrade heme to carbon monoxide (CO) and the bile pigment biliverdin. In the last two decades, substantial scientific evidence has been collected on the function of HO-1 in cell homeostasis, emphasizing these two important features: (i) HO-1 is a fundamental "sensor" of cellular stress and directly contributes toward limiting or preventing tissue damage; (ii) the products of HO-1 activity dynamically participate in cellular adaptation to stress and are inherently involved in the mechanisms of defence.


RECENT ADVANCES
On the basis of its promising cytoprotective features, scientists have pursued the targeting of HO-1 as an attractive cellular pathway for drug discovery. Three different pharmacological approaches are currently being investigated in relation to HO-1, namely the use of CO gas, the development of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), and small molecules possessing the ability to up-regulate HO-1 in cells and tissues. CRITICAL ISSUE: Studies on the regulation and amplification of the HO-1/CO pathway by selective pharmacological approaches may lead to the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of a variety of diseases.


FUTURE DIRECTIONS
In this review, we will discuss in detail the importance of pharmacologically manipulating the HO-1 pathway and its products for conferring protection against a variety of conditions that are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. We will also evaluate each of the strategic approaches being developed by considering their intrinsic advantages and disadvantages, which may have implications for their use as therapeutics in specific pathological conditions.
Decision-tree early warning score (DTEWS) validates the design of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS).

AIM OF STUDY
To compare the performance of a human-generated, trial and error-optimised early warning score (EWS), i.e., National Early Warning Score (NEWS), with one generated entirely algorithmically using Decision Tree (DT) analysis.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used DT analysis to construct a decision-tree EWS (DTEWS) from a database of 198,755 vital signs observation sets collected from 35,585 consecutive, completed acute medical admissions. We evaluated the ability of DTEWS to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission or death, each within 24h of a given vital signs observation. We compared the performance of DTEWS and NEWS using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.


RESULTS
The structures of DTEWS and NEWS were very similar. The AUROC (95% CI) for DTEWS for cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission, death, and any of the outcomes, all within 24h, were 0.708 (0.669-0.747), 0.862 (0.852-0.872), 0.899 (0.892-0.907), and 0.877 (0.870-0.883), respectively. Values for NEWS were 0.722 (0.685-0.759) [cardiac arrest], 0.857 (0.847-0.868) [unanticipated ICU admission}, 0.894 (0.887-0.902) [death], and 0.873 (0.866-0.879) [any outcome].


CONCLUSIONS
The decision-tree technique independently validates the composition and weightings of NEWS. The DT approach quickly provided an almost identical EWS to NEWS, although one that admittedly would benefit from fine-tuning using clinical knowledge. We believe that DT analysis could be used to quickly develop candidate models for disease-specific EWSs, which may be required in future.
Knowledge management issues in knowledge-intensive SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a study of knowledge management understanding and usage in small and medium knowledge-intensive enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The study has taken an interpretitivist approach, using two knowledge-intensive South Yorkshire (England) companies as case studies, both of which are characterised by the need to process and use knowledge on a daily basis in order to remain competitive. The case studies were analysed using qualitative research methodology, composed of interviews and concept mapping, thus deriving a characterisation of understandings, perceptions and requirements of SMEs in relation to knowledge management. Findings – The study provides evidence that, while SMEs, including knowledge intensive ones, acknowledge that adequately capturing, storing, sharing and disseminating knowledge can lead to greater innovation and productivity, their managers are not prepared to invest the relatively high effort on long term knowledge management goals for which they have difficulty in establishing the added value. Thus, knowledge management activities within SMEs tend to happen in an informal way, rarely supported by purposely designed ICT systems. Research limitations/implications – This paper proposes that further studies in this field are required that focus on organisational and practical issues in order to close the gap between theoretical propositions and the reality of practice. Practical implications – The study suggests that in order to implement an appropriate knowledge management strategy in SMEs cultural, behavioural, and organisational issues need to be tackled before even considering technical issues. Originality/value – KM seems to have been successfully applied in large companies, but it is largely disregarded by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). This has been attributed primarily to a lack of a formal approach to the sharing, recording, transferring, auditing and exploiting of organisational knowledge, together with a lack of utilisation of available information technologies. This paper debates these concepts from a research findings point of view.
Functional characterization of fault tolerant integration in distributed sensor networks

Fault-tolerance is an important issue in network design because sensor networks must function in a dynamic, uncertain world. A functional characterization of the fault-tolerant integration of abstract interval estimates is proposed. This model provides a preliminary version for a general framework that is hoped to develop to address the general problem of fault-tolerant integration of abstract sensor estimates. It is further proposed that a scheme for narrowing the width of the sensor output in a specific failure model and give it a functional representation. The main distinguishing feature of our model over the original Marzullo's model is in reducing the width of the output interval estimate significantly in most cases where the number of sensors involved is large.
Do bisphosphonates affect bone healing? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND
Whether bisphosphonates affect indirect bone healing is still unclear.


METHOD
We carried out a comprehensive search strategy. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological qualities and extracted outcome data. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2.


RESULTS
Eight eligible randomized controlled trials with 2,508 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that no statistically significant differences were founded in indirect bone healing in short time (within 3 months) (relative risk (RR) 1.40, relative the control group; 95% CI 0.36 to 5.49) and in long-term (more than 12 months) postoperation (RR 1.0; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02) between bisphosphonates infusion groups and control groups. There were no statistically significant differences of indirect bone healing between early and delay bisphosphonates administration groups. Bisphosphonates infusion after lumbar infusion surgery could promote bone healing and shorten fusion time in 6 months postoperation (RR 1.35; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.66).


CONCLUSION
There was no clinically detectable delay to fracture healing via external callus formation following bisphosphonates treatment. Considering the benefit aspects of bisphosphonates for osteoporosis treatment, we recommend bisphosphonates infusion after fracture fixation surgery and lumbar fusion surgery.
Nurses' responses to ethical dilemmas in nursing practice: meta-analysis.

AIM
This paper is a report of a study to explore nurses' responses to ethical dilemmas in daily nursing practice.


BACKGROUND
Concern about nurses' ethical competence is growing. Most nurses perceived that there were barriers in their work environment to ethical practice, compromising their ability to perform ethically. Since most research focuses on contextual barriers to nurses' ethical practice, little is known about how nurses involve themselves in ethical decision-making and action in daily care.


METHOD
A meta-analysis of nurses' ethical behaviour was conducted using data from nine studies in four countries (n = 1592 registered nurses). In all studies, the Ethical Behaviour Test was used to measure nurses' ethical responses, based on an adapted version of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Data were analysed using random-intercept regression analysis.


FINDINGS
All groups, except the expert group, displayed a uniform pattern of conventional ethical reasoning and practice. When nurses were faced with ethical dilemmas, they tended to use conventions as their predominant decision-guiding criteria rather than patients' personal needs and well-being.


CONCLUSION
Conformist practice (following conventions rather than pursuing good for the patient) constitutes a major barrier for nurses to take the appropriate ethical actions, as creativity and critical reflection are absent. There is an urgent need to find ways to promote nurses' ethical development from conventional to postconventional ethical practice. More research is needed to strengthen existing empirical evidence.
Clinical features of bowel disease in patients aged <50 years in primary care: a large case-control study

BACKGROUND
Incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing in those aged <50 years.


AIM
To identify and quantify clinical features in primary care of CRC/IBD in those aged <50 years. This study considered the two conditions together and aimed to determine which younger patients, presenting in primary care with symptoms, would benefit from investigation for potentially serious colorectal disease.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Matched case-control study using primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, UK.


METHOD
Incident cases (aged <50 years) of CRC (n = 1661) and IBD (n = 9578) diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 were each matched with up to three controls (n = 3979 CRC; n = 22 947 IBD). Odds ratios (OR) and positive predictive values (PPV) were estimated for features of CRC/IBD in the year before diagnosis.


RESULTS
Ten features were independently associated with CRC/IBD (all P<0.001): rectal bleeding, change in bowel habit, diarrhoea, raised inflammatory markers, thrombocytosis, abdominal pain, low mean cell volume (MCV), low haemoglobin, raised white cell count, and raised hepatic enzymes. PPVs were >3% for rectal bleeding with diarrhoea, thrombocytosis, low MCV, low haemoglobin or raised inflammatory markers; for change in bowel habit with low MCV, thrombocytosis or low haemoglobin; and for diarrhoea with thrombocytosis.


CONCLUSION
This study quantified the risk of serious bowel disease in symptomatic patients aged <50 years in primary care. Rectal bleeding and change in bowel habit are strongly predictive of CRC/IBD when combined with abnormal haematology. The present findings help prioritise patients for colonoscopy where the diagnosis is not immediately apparent.
Video-based 3D reconstruction, laparoscope localization and deformation recovery for abdominal minimally invasive surgery: a survey.

BACKGROUND
The intra-operative three-dimensional (3D) structure of tissue organs and laparoscope motion are the basis for many tasks in computer-assisted surgery (CAS), such as safe surgical navigation and registration of pre-operative and intra-operative data for soft tissues.


METHODS
This article provides a literature review on laparoscopic video-based intra-operative techniques of 3D surface reconstruction, laparoscope localization and tissue deformation recovery for abdominal minimally invasive surgery (MIS).


RESULTS
This article introduces a classification scheme based on the motions of a laparoscope and the motions of tissues. In each category, comprehensive discussion is provided on the evolution of both classic and state-of-the-art methods.


CONCLUSIONS
Video-based approaches have many advantages, such as providing intra-operative information without introducing extra hardware to the current surgical platform. However, an extensive discussion on this important topic is still lacking. This survey paper is therefore beneficial for researchers in this field. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The canzone villanesca alla napolitana : social, cultural and historical contexts

Contents: Introduction The debut of the canzone villanesca alla napolitana Musical and metrical forms of the canzone villanesca and villanella alla napolitana Madrigali a tre et arie napolitane: a typographical and repertorial study The Prince of Salerno and the dynamics of oral transmission in songs of political exile Orlando di Lasso and pro-French factions in Rome A colorful bouquet of arie napolitane The salon as marketplace in the 1550s: patrons and collectors of Lasso's secular music Guilio Bonagiunta: a composer with a progressive attitude Orlando di Lasso et al.: a new reading of the Roman villanella book (1555) Erotic jest and gesture in Roman anthologies of Neapolitan dialect songs Indexes.
Model-based head pose estimation for air-traffic controllers

We present a method for estimating the point of fixation of an air traffic controller from a low resolution video sequence. A geometric model of the head is used to estimate head orientation; head pose estimates are combined with a 3D model of the environment to compute the target of gaze. The head model is constructed from a small set of images. Two methods are considered: in the first, we treat the head as a textured object and ignore lighting effects; in the second, we jointly estimate the albedo of each facet of the head model, and the parameters of a simple lighting model. Because ground-truth data are unavailable, the absolute accuracy of the gaze estimates is unknown, but incorporation of the lighting model does appear to reduce the noise level. With either method, the results are sufficiently accurate to answer questions of operational interest, such as ”is the controller looking out the window.”
Adaptive Clustering with Feature Ranking for DDoS Attacks Detection

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose an increasing threat to the current internet. The detection of such attacks plays an important role in maintaining the security of networks. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive clustering method combined with feature ranking for DDoS attacks detection. First, based on the analysis of network traffic, preliminary variables are selected. Second, the Modified Global K-means algorithm (MGKM) is used as the basic incremental clustering algorithm to identify the cluster structure of the target data. Third, the linear correlation coefficient is used for feature ranking. Lastly, the feature ranking result is used to inform and recalculate the clusters. This adaptive process can make worthwhile adjustments to the working feature vector according to different patterns of DDoS attacks, and can improve the quality of the clusters and the effectiveness of the clustering algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective and adaptive in detecting the separate phases of DDoS attacks.
Coherence Analysis between Respiration and PPG Signal by Bivariate AR Model

PPG is a potential tool in clinical applications. Among such, the relationship between respiration and PPG signal has attracted attention in past decades. In this research, a bivariate AR spectral estimation method was utilized for the coherence analysis between these two signals. Ten healthy subjects participated in this research with signals measured at different respiratory rates. The results demonstrate that high coherence exists between respiration and PPG signal, whereas the coherence disappears in breath-holding experiments. These results imply that PPG signal reveals the respiratory information. The utilized method may provide an attractive alternative approach for the related researches. Keywords—Coherence analysis, photoplethysmography (PPG), bivariate AR spectral estimation.
Social commerce constructs and consumer's intention to buy

Social commerce is a new development in e-commerce generated by the use of social media to empower customers to interact on the Internet. The recent advancements in ICTs and the emergence of Web 2.0 technologies along with the popularity of social media and social networking sites have seen the development of new social platforms. These platforms facilitate the use of social commerce. Drawing on literature from marketing and information systems (IS) the author proposes a new model to develop our underocial media ocial networking site rust LS-SEM standing of social commerce using a PLS-SEM methodology to test the model. Results show that Web 2.0 applications are attracting individuals to have interactions as well as generate content on the Internet. Consumers use social commerce constructs for these activities, which in turn increase the level of trust and intention to buy. Implications, limitations, discussion, and future research directions are discussed at the end of the paper. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hair loss in women: medical and cosmetic approaches to increase scalp hair fullness.

Androgenetic alopecia affects both men and women. In men it produces male pattern hair loss with bitemporal recession and vertex baldness. In women it produces female pattern hair loss (FPHL) with diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. FPHL occurs as a result of nonuniform hair follicle miniaturization within follicular units. Diffuse alopecia is produced by a reduction in the number of terminal fibres per follicular unit. Baldness occurs only when all hairs within the follicular units are miniaturized and is a relatively late event in women. The concepts of follicular units and primary and secondary hair follicles within follicular units are well established in comparative mammalian studies, particularly in sheep. However, discovery of these structures in the human scalp hair and investigation of the changes in follicular unit anatomy during the development of androgenetic alopecia have provided a clearer understanding of the early stages of androgenetic alopecia and how the male and female patterns of hair loss are related. FPHL is the most common cause of alopecia in women and approximately one-third of adult caucasian women experience hair loss. The impact of FPHL is predominantly psychological. While men anticipate age-related hair loss, hair loss in women is usually unexpected and unwelcome at any age. Treatment options to arrest hair loss progression and stimulate partial hair regrowth for FPHL include the androgen receptor antagonists spironolactone and cyproterone acetate, the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the androgen-independent hair growth stimulator minoxidil. These treatments appear to work best when initiated early. Hair transplantation should be considered in advanced FPHL that is resistant to medical treatments. Hair transplantation requires well-preserved hair growth over the occipital donor area. The psychological impact of FPHL may also be reduced by cosmetic products that improve the appearance of the hair. These agents work to minimize hair fibre breakage, improve hair volume or conceal visible bald scalp.
Size and Share of Customer Wallet

Many companies collect substantial information about their interactions with their customers. Yet information about their customers’ transactions with competing firms is often sparse or nonexistent. As a result, firms are often compelled to manage customer relationships from an inward view of their customers. However, the empirical analysis in this study indicates that (1) the volume of customers’ transactions within a firm has little correlation with the volume of their transactions with the firm’s competitors and (2) a small percentage of customers account for a large portion of all the external transactions, suggesting the considerable potential to increase sales if these customers can be correctly identified and incentivized to switch. Thus, the authors argue for a more outward view in customer relationship management and develop a list augmentation–based approach to augment firms’ internal records with insights into their customers’ relationships with competing firms, including the size of each customer’s wallet and the firm’s share of it.
Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

The negative impact of the automotive industry on climate change can be tackled by changing from fossil driven vehicles towards battery electric vehicles with no tailpipe emissions. However their adoption mainly depends on the willingness to pay for the extra cost of the traction battery. The goal of this paper is to predict the cost of a battery pack in 2030 when considering two aspects: firstly a decade of research will ensure an improvement in material sciences altering a battery’s chemical composition. Secondly by considering the price erosion due to the production cost optimization, by maturing of the market and by evolving towards to a mass-manufacturing situation. The cost of a lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: graphite) as well as silicon based lithium-ion battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: silicon alloy), expected to be on the market in 10 years, will be predicted to tackle the first aspect. The second aspect will be considered by combining process-based cost calculations with learning curves, which takes the increasing battery market into account. The 100 dollar/kWh sales barrier will be reached respectively between 2020-2025 for silicon based lithium-ion batteries and 2025–2030 for NMC batteries, which will give a boost to global electric vehicle adoption.