LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis

CONTEXT
It is well established in the literature that healthier diets cost more than unhealthy diets.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to examine the contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic inequalities in diet quality.


DATA SOURCES
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was performed.


STUDY SELECTION
Publications linking food prices, dietary quality, and socioeconomic status were selected.


DATA EXTRACTION
Where possible, review conclusions were illustrated using a French national database of commonly consumed foods and their mean retail prices.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Foods of lower nutritional value and lower-quality diets generally cost less per calorie and tended to be selected by groups of lower socioeconomic status. A number of nutrient-dense foods were available at low cost but were not always palatable or culturally acceptable to the low-income consumer. Acceptable healthier diets were uniformly associated with higher costs. Food budgets in poverty were insufficient to ensure optimum diets.


CONCLUSIONS
Socioeconomic disparities in diet quality may be explained by the higher cost of healthy diets. Identifying food patterns that are nutrient rich, affordable, and appealing should be a priority to fight social inequalities in nutrition and health.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on systemic inflammation in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has been associated with cardiovascular disease in epidemiological and observational studies. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for OSAS, but the impact of this intervention on systemic inflammation involved in the atherosclerotic process remains unclear.


METHODS
100 men with moderate-severe OSAS were randomised to therapeutic (n = 51) or subtherapeutic (n = 49) CPAP treatment for 4 weeks to investigate the effects of active treatment on inflammatory markers such as highly sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)6, interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and anti-inflammatory adiponectin.


RESULTS
4 weeks of therapeutic CPAP did not significantly change blood levels of hsCRP compared with the subtherapeutic control group (difference between median changes -0.24 mg/l (95% CI -0.88 to +0.24); p = 0.30). Plasma levels of IL6 and IFNgamma did not change significantly following therapeutic compared with subtherapeutic CPAP (difference between median changes +0.52 and -0.07 pg/ml (95% CI -0.72 to +1.94 and -0.81 to +0.44); p = 0.45 and p = 0.82, respectively). Furthermore, 4 weeks of therapeutic CPAP did not significantly change levels of adiponectin in plasma compared with the subtherapeutic control group (difference between median changes +0.05 pg/ml (95% CI -0.36 to +0.47); p = 0.84). If patients with hsCRP values above 8 mg/l at baseline were excluded, differences between the changes in hsCRP, IL6, IFNgamma and adiponectin after 4 weeks of CPAP were smaller, and again not statistically different between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
4 weeks of CPAP treatment has no beneficial effect on blood markers of inflammation and adiponectin in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnoea.
Ocean and Coastal Data Stewardship

As the ocean community looks to the next decade of ocean observations, end-to-end data management must be considered as an integral part of the design of any ocean observing system. Ocean data stewardship ensures that observations deliver the maximum service to society. Ocean data stewardship means more than mere mechanical or electronic acts of data archiving and transfer. It consists of an integrated suite of functions to preserve and realize the full value of environmental data. Data stewards and data providers need to work toward standardization of vocabularies and formats, quality and complete metadata, and making the archival and dissemination of data a part of the initial design of an observing system. These functions must be successfully implemented to ensure optimal use of oceanographic data and information, both now and in future. 1. WHY OCEAN DATA STEWARDSHIP? No single country can monitor the entire world ocean alone. Over the past decade, the international ocean community has launched a number of highly successful programs that have led to an understanding of how the Earth’s climate system and its many components function and change over time. Data from the implementation of global ocean monitoring programs, such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) [1], Argo [2], and the Repeat Hydrography Program [3], have been used to document changes in the ocean heat and freshwater content, as well as changes in the acidity of the oceans. However, to understand how both the ocean and climate are changing, we must first quantify and understand past variability. Therefore, we must ensure the quality and preservation of the data that provide the historical record of Earth's changing marine environment so it can be used for operational applications and ocean climate research. Observation data are unique, irreplaceable, and collected at great cost. The acquisition, processing, preservation, quality assurance, and dissemination of coastal and ocean data by national and international data centers are key elements of curating and archiving data – what we call “Data Stewardship”. These functions are required to ensure future accessibility, readability, quality (e.g. richness, trustworthiness, etc.), and usefulness of all types of oceanographic and related ecosystem data.). National Data Centers, Data Assembly Centers, and World Data Centers (WDC) data collections and databases are a result of international data exchange and all countries and scientists benefit from this cooperation. For example, the international Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP) and Global Argo Data Repository project coordinate with the US NODC/WDC World Ocean Database to archive historic, delayed-mode and real-time oceanographic profile and Argo float data and produce atlases and analysis products [4]. The importance of NODC/WDC databases, and atlases based on those databases, can be quantified: Figure 1 shows that NODC/WDC databases and products based on those databases have been cited more than 5,900 times since 1982. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Ezrin is Associated with Gastric Cancer Progression and Prognosis

To investigat the clinical significance of Ezrin in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze Ezrin expression in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases. Ezrin protein levels were up-regulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Positive expression of Ezrin correlated with age, size of tumor, location of tumor, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis and TNM stage. In stages I, II and III, the 5 year survival rate of patients with a high expression of Ezrin was significantly lower than those in patients with low expression. In stage IV, Ezrin expression did not correlate with the 5 year survival rate. Further multivariate analysis suggested that the depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, TNM stage, and up-regulation of Ezrin were independent prognostic indicators for the disease. Expression of Ezrin in gastric cancer is significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Ezrin protein could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis.
Exploring how nursing uniforms influence self image and professional identity.

BACKGROUND
Uniforms are thought to hold personal significance for those who wear them and act as powerful symbols representing the profession's identity and image.


AIM
To gain an insight into the influence of uniform on self image and professional identity among student nurses.


METHOD
Fourteen qualitative, semi structured interviews were carried out with pre registration nurses on diploma and degree programmes at a university in England.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Uniform raised issues in a number of areas including gender, equality, power and identity. Pride, combined with a strong self image and professional identity, lead to enhanced confidence and, therefore, better performance in clinical practice.


CONCLUSION
Since this study shows the importance of uniform to students, uniforms need to balance a professional and modern image while retaining an appreciation for nursing's heritage. This will project a realistic image to the public and help nurses to form a positive professional identity.
Customer segmentation and strategy development based on customer lifetime value: A case study

The more a marketing paradigm evolves, the more long-term relationship with customers gains its importance. CRM, a recent marketing paradigm, pursues long-term relationship with profitable customers. It can be a starting point of relationship management to understand and measure the true value of customers since marketing management as a whole is to be deployed toward the targeted customers and profitable customers, to foster customers’ full profit potential. Corporate success depends on an organization’s ability to build and maintain loyal and valued customer relationships. Therefore, it is essential to build refined strategies for customers based on their value. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing customer value and segmenting customers based on their value. After segmenting customers based on their value, strategies building according to customer segment will be illustrated through a case study on a wireless telecommunication company. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
THE USE OF CRYOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS O uso da crioterapia no tratamento das disfunções temporomandibulares

Conflict of interest: non-existent has been widely used in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) when the patient has painful symptoms. The local effects of cryotherapy include: vasoconstriction; decreasing of inflammation and pain; myorelaxation, reduction of muscle spasm and stiffness 3. Analgesia occurs due to the decreasing of activity of the muscle spindles, the neuromuscular junction, the conduction velocity of the peripheral nerves and hence of the transmission of nociceptive information. The reduction of blood flow also helps to reduce pain by preventing excessive release of the chemical mediators that activate nociceptors 4. Although very effective in relieving pain, it is rarely used, since most speech therapy professionals are not familiar with its usage. However, among the cutaneous stimuli, it is considered one of the most effective pain relief. Cold provides analgesia, often more effective, early and lasting than heat 3.  INTRODUCTION
Cabergoline effect on blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients with oral agent failure.

UNLABELLED
Ergot-derived dopamine D2 receptor agonists are the usual treatment of hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson's disease and recently bromocriptine has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the evaluation of short-term effect of cabergoline in poorly controlled diabetic patients with oral agent failure who refused insulin therapy.


METHODS
This study was performed in 17 overweight women and men with type 2 diabetes with persistent hyperglycemia in spite of treatment with maximum dose of sulfonylurea, metformin and pioglitazone. 10 patients (group I) randomized to be treated with cabergoline 0.5 mg weekly for 3 months and 7 patients (group II) with placebo. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentration and HbAlc measured in beginning and end of the study.


RESULTS
FBS decreased from 210.70 +/- 21.29 to 144.90 +/- 26.56 mg/dl in cabergoline group whereas it decreased in placebo group insignificantly. Postprandial blood glucose decreased from 264.2 +/- 28 mg/dl to 203.6 +/- 34.34 mg/dl in cabergoline group whereas it increased in placebo group insignificantly. HbA1c decreased in cabergoline group from 8.48 +/- 0.44 to 7.7 +/- 0.11 whereas in control group it increased insignificantly from 8.7 +/- 0.33 to 8.8 +/- 0.16.


CONCLUSION
Cabergoline improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with oral agent failure. It reduces both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels and causes 0.45-1.11 reduction in HbA1c.
Changing photovoltaic array interconnections to reduce mismatch losses: a case study

Partial shading of photovoltaic (PV) modules can affect a wide variety of plants ranging from utility-sized solar trackers to residential building-integrated PV, resulting in lower energy production yields. The traditional series-parallel interconnection scheme of solar arrays is sensitive to disparate solar irradiation levels on modules of the plant. By using alternative topologies, the effects of unavoidable partial shade can be decreased. In this paper, module interconnections inside a PV array are modified to reduce mismatch losses caused by partial shading. Results from a measurement campaign on a 2.2kW plant carried out on Jaén University's campus using various interconnection schemes are presented.
A Grid-Based Energy Aware Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing Algorithm for MANETs

Now most of the on-demand routing protocols for current mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) build and rely on single route for each data session. However, the single path is easily broken and needs to perform a route discovery process again due to the dynamic topology of ad hoc networks. In ad hoc networks, multipath routing is better suited than single path in stability and load balance. Because mobile nodes have limited battery power, it is therefore very important to use energy in a MANETs efficiently. In this paper, we propose a new routing algorithm called grid-based energy aware node-disjoint multipath routing algorithm (GEANDMRA). In GEANDMRA, grid partitioning is the same as in the GRID routing protocol. The main difference between these two protocols is that GEANDMRA considers energy- aware and node-disjoint multipath but the GRID does not. Simulation results indicate that GEANDMRA outperforms AODV and DSR.
The language of RNA: a formal grammar that includes pseudoknots

MOTIVATION
In a previous paper, we presented a polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm for predicting optimal RNA secondary structure including pseudoknots. However, a formal grammatical representation for RNA secondary structure with pseudoknots was still lacking.


RESULTS
Here we show a one-to-one correspondence between that algorithm and a formal transformational grammar. This grammar class encompasses the context-free grammars and goes beyond to generate pseudoknotted structures. The pseudoknot grammar avoids the use of general context-sensitive rules by introducing a small number of auxiliary symbols used to reorder the strings generated by an otherwise context-free grammar. This formal representation of the residue correlations in RNA structure is important because it means we can build full probabilistic models of RNA secondary structure, including pseudoknots, and use them to optimally parse sequences in polynomial time.
Calandra lark habitat selection: Strong fragmentation effects in a grassland specialist

Conserving grassland birds in farmed landscapes requires the maintenance of favourable agricultural land uses over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here we examined the field and landscape-scale habitat requirements of the calandra lark (Melanocorypha calandra), an obligate grassland bird often associated with open Mediterranean farmland. Breeding and wintering lark densities were assessed in 42 fallow fields in southern Portugal, and related to three sets of variables reflecting field, landscape and neighbourhood effects. Variation partitioning was used to isolate the unique and shared contributions of sets of variables to explained variation in lark distribution and abundance models. At the field scale, the presence of trees and shrubs showed the strongest negative effects on calandra lark. At the landscape scale there were strong positive response of larks to the amount and patch size of open farmland habitats, and negative responses, albeit weaker, to drainage and road densities. Calandra lark distribution and abundance was also positively related to that of conspecifics in surrounding fields, particularly in spring. Results suggest that calandra larks are highly sensitive to habitat fragmentation, requiring fallow fields with no shrubs or trees, embedded in large expanses of open farmland. This supports the view that grassland bird conservation in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes may require a combination of land-use regulations and agri-environment schemes preventing ongoing shrub encroachment and afforestation of marginal farmland. 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Fractional Order Memristor No Equilibrium Chaotic System with Its Adaptive Sliding Mode Synchronization and Genetically Optimized Fractional Order PID Synchronization

This paper introduces a fractional order memristor no equilibrium (FOMNE) chaotic system and investigates its adaptive sliding mode synchronization. Firstly the dynamic properties of the integer order memristor no equilibrium system are analyzed. The fractional order memristor no equilibrium system is then derived from the integer order model. Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation with fractional order are investigated. An adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is derived to globally synchronize the identical fractional order memristor systems and genetically optimized fractional order PID controllers are designed and used to synchronize the FOMNE systems. Finally the fractional order memristor no equilibrium system is realized using FPGA.
Guido: A Musical Score Recognition System

This paper presents an optical music recognition system Guido that can automatically recognize the main musical symbols of music scores that were scanned or taken by a digital camera. The application is based on object model of musical notation and uses linguistic approach for symbol interpretation and error correction. The system offers musical editor with a partially automatic error correction.
Real-time detection of distributed denial-of-service attacks using RBF networks and statistical features

In this paper we present and evaluate a Radial-basis-function neural network detector for Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in public networks based on statistical features estimated in short-time window analysis of the incoming data packets. A small number of statistical descriptors were used to describe the DDoS attacks behaviour, and an accurate classification is achieved using the Radial-basis-function neural networks (RBF-NN). The proposed method is evaluated in a simulated public network and showed detection rate better than 98% of DDoS attacks using only three statistical features estimated from one window of data packets of 6 s length. The same type of experiments were carried out on a real network giving significantly better results: a 100% DDoS detection rate is achieved followed by a 0% of false alarm rate using different statistical descriptors and training conditions for the RBF-NN. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sensor networks and grid middleware for laboratory monitoring

By combining automatic environment sensing and experimental data collection with broker based messaging middleware, a system has been produced far the real-time monitoring of experiments whilst away from the lab. Changes in the laboratory environment are encapsulated as simple messages, which are published using an MQTT compliant broker. Clients subscribe to the MQTT stream, and perform a data transform on the messages; this may be to produce a user display or to change the format of the message for republishing. For example, an MQTT client written for the Java MIDP platform can be run on a smart-phone with a GPRS Internet connection, freeing us from the constraints of the network. We present an overview of the technologies used, and how these are helping chemists make the best use of their time
Maneuvering Target Tracking with ESM Sensor

This paper addresses the maneuvering target tracking with a single ESM sensor where only the bearing and elevation measurements are available and used for the target trajectory estimation. In single ESM tracking system the maneuvers of observer platform are required for the observability. The maneuver detection procedure for ESM tracking system is based on NIS. In view of the nonlinearity of the measurement equation, the two-stage extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used for target trajectory estimation. A simulation scenario illustrated the effectiveness of our algorithm. Keywords-maneuvering target; electronic support measure; extended Kalman filter; bearings-only tracking
Developing a Usability Evaluation Method for e-Learning Applications: Beyond Functional Usability

concepts (principles, formulas, rules, etc.) are illustrated with concrete, specific examples (Horton, 2001) All units/modules in the Web course include an overview and a summary (Chua, 2002; Miller, 2002; Weston et al., 1999) Learners are made aware of learning objective for each unit/module of the Web course. (Chua, 2002; Miller, 2002) Media use Graphics and multimedia assist in noticing and learning critical content rather than merely entertaining or possibly distracting learners (Horton, 2001; Nielsen, 2000) Graphics (illustrations, photographs, graphs, diagrams, etc.) are used appropriately; for example, to communicate visual and spatial concept (Keeker, 1997; Nielsen, 2000) Media (text, images, animations, etc.) included have a strong connection to the objectives and design of the courses. (Horton, 2001; Keeker, 1997; Nielsen, 2000) Learning strategies design The Web course provides opportunities and support for learning through interaction with others through discussion or other collaborative activities (Quinn, 1996) It is clear to the learner what is to be accomplished and what will be gained from its use (Quinn, 1996) The Web course is designed with activities that are both individual and group based (Johnson & Aragon, 2002) The Web course provides the learners opportunities to reflect (Johnson & Aragon, 2002) (Continued) D o w n l o a d e d B y : [ Z a h a r i a s , P a n a g i o t i s ] A t : 1 5 : 1 0 1 4 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9 98 Zaharias and Poylymenakou Appendix (Continued) Usability items used in questionnaire Literature Instructional feedback The Web course provides learners with opportunities to access extended feedback from instructors, experts, peers, or others through E-mail or other Internet communications (Reeves et al., 2002) Feedback given at any specific time is tailored to the content being studied, problem being solved, or task being completed by the learner (Reeves et al., 2002) Instructional assessment The Web course provides opportunities for selfassessments that advance learner achievement (Reeves et al., 2002) Wherever appropriate, higher order assessments are (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) provided rather than lower order assessments (recall and recognition) (Reeves et al., 2002) Posttests and other assessments adequately measure accomplishment of the learning objectives (Horton, 2000; Quinn, 1996) Learner guidance and support The online help or documentation is written clearly (Reeves et al., 2002) The online help is screen or context specific (Albion, 1999; Reeves et al., 2002) The Web course offers tools (taking notes, job aids, recourses, glossary, etc.) that support learning (Chua, 2002) The Web course provides support for learner activities to allow working within existing competence while encountering meaningful chunks of knowledge (Quinn, 1996) D o w n l o a d e d B y : [ Z a h a r i a s , P a n a g i o t i s ] A t : 1 5 : 1 0 1 4 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9