LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Special interest protectionism and the antebellum woolen textile industry : A contemporary issue in a historical context

Academic and nonacademic work focusing on special interest lobbying tends to ignore America's early history in favor of the 20-super-th century, leaving the origins of the organized commercial lobby vague. Using the antebellum woolen textile industry as a case study, this article finds that this industry was one of the first to demonstrate the potential benefits of interstate, interindustry coalitions for rent-seeking activities. Using pressure tactics frequently observed today, but innovative for the time, the industry was not only successful in obtaining relatively high legislated tariffs by 1828, it also altered the traditional congressional avenues for obtaining information from aggrieved parties. This article clearly demonstrates that organized and public lobbying by commercial interests has a longer history than is typically recognized. Copyright 2006 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..
A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: the SEE study.

PURPOSE
To determine the role of vision and visual attention factors in automobile crash involvement.


METHODS
Drivers aged 65 to 84 years were identified during the baseline interview (1993-1995) of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study. Crash involvement through December 1997 was determined from Maryland State motor vehicle records. Vision tests at baseline included distance acuity at normal and low luminance, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, stereoacuity, and visual fields. Visual attention was evaluated with the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV; Visual Awareness, Chicago, IL). Survival analysis was used to determine the relative risk of a crash as a function of demographic variables, miles driven, vision, and visual attention.


RESULTS
One hundred twenty (6.7%) of the 1801 drivers were involved in a crash during the observation interval. Glare sensitivity and binocular field loss were significant predictors of crash involvement (P < 0.05). For those with moderate or better vision (<3 letters for glare sensitivity and <20 points missed for binocular visual fields) increased glare sensitivity or reduced visual fields were, paradoxically, associated with a reduction in crash risk, whereas for those with poorer levels of vision, increased glare sensitivity or reduced visual fields were associated with increased crash risk. Worse UFOV score was associated with increased crash risk.


CONCLUSIONS
Glare sensitivity, visual field loss, and UFOV were significant predictors of crash involvement. Acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoacuity were not associated with crashes. These results suggest that current vision screening for drivers' licensure, based primarily on visual acuity, may miss important aspects of visual impairment.
Normative values of olfactory function testing using the 'sniffin' sticks'.

OBJECTIVES
Quantitative olfactory assessment is often neglected in clinical practice, although olfactory loss can assist to diagnosis and may lead to significant morbidity. "Sniffin' Sticks" is a modern test of nasal chemosensory performance that is based on penlike odor-dispensing devices. It consists of three tests of olfactory function: odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. The results of this test may be presented as a composite threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score. The aim of this study was first to develop normative data of olfactory function for the Greek population using this test and second to relate olfactory performance to age, sex, and side examined.


STUDY DESIGN
The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial.


METHODS
A total of 93 healthy subjects were included in the study, 48 males and 45 females, mean age of 44.5 years (range, 6-84 years).


RESULTS
A database of normal values for olfactory testing was established for the Greek population. Females performed better than males and older subjects performed less efficiently in all tests. We also found a right nostril advantage compared with the left. Additionally, scores obtained from bilateral presentation were similar with scores obtained from the nostril with the better performance.


CONCLUSIONS
The "Sniffin' Sticks" can be used effectively in the Greek population to evaluate olfactory performance. Mean values of olfactory tests obtained were better in comparison with data from settings located in central and northern Europe.
Evaluation of a wireless infrared thermometer with a narrow field of view

Many agricultural studies rely on infrared sensors for remote measurement of surface temperatures for crop status monitoring and estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes. Historically, applications for these non-contact thermometers employed the use of hand-held or stationary industrial infrared thermometers (IRTs) wired to data loggers. Wireless sensors in agricultural applications are a practical alternative, but the availability of low cost wireless IRTs is limited. In this study, we designed prototype narrow (10◦) field of view wireless infrared sensor modules and evaluated the performance of the IRT sensor by comparing temperature readings of an object (Tobj) against a blackbody calibrator in a controlled temperature room at ambient temperatures of 15 ◦C, 25 ◦C, 35 ◦C, and 45 ◦C. Additional comparative readings were taken over plant and soil samples alongside a hand-held IRT and over an isothermal target in the outdoors next to a wired IRT. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) between the collected IRT object temperature readings and the blackbody target ranged between 0.10 and 0.79 ◦C. The wireless IRT readings also compared well with the hand-held IRT and wired industrial IRT. Additional tests performed to investigate the influence of direct radiation on IRT measurements indicated that housing the sensor in white polyvinyl chloride provided ample shielding for the self-compensating circuitry of the IR detector. The relatively low cost of the wireless IRT modules and repeatable measurements against a blackbody calibrator and commercial IR thermometers demonstrated that these wireless prototypes have the potential to provide accurate surface radiometric temperature readings in outdoor applications. Further studies are needed to thoroughly test radio frequency communication and power consumption characteristics in an outdoor setting. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Basal cell adenocarcinoma of a hard palate minor salivary gland: case report and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE
Basal cell adenocarcinoma of a minor salivary gland is extremely rare. The goal of this report is to increase awareness of this rare disease and to review and discuss the differential diagnosis and important considerations in treatment.


STUDY DESIGN
Case report and review of the literature.


METHODS
Case report of a basal cell adenocarcinoma of a hard palate minor salivary gland and review of the literature of basal cell adenocarcinoma.


RESULTS
Basal cell adenocarcinomas are slow-growing tumours that most commonly involve the parotid gland and very rarely involve minor salivary glands. Although recurrence rates for these tumours are high, mortality rates are low. Histological diagnosis is important to distinguish this tumour from adenoid cystic carcinoma given the significant difference in disease prognosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis of these tumours must be made histologically. Recommended treatment options include wide local excision with radiotherapy reserved for close surgical margins or for local recurrence.
(Artificial) Mind over Matter: Integrating Humans and Algorithms in Solving Matching Problems

1 PROBLEM AND MOTIVATION Schema matching is a data integration task that provides correspondences between concepts describing the meaning of data in various heterogeneous, distributed data sources (e.g., attributes in database schemata). The research of data integration and schema matching spans over multiple decades, holds both theoretical and practical appeal, and enjoys a continued interest by researchers and practitioners (See surveys [7] and books [6, 18] for an overview). In recent years, there has been an evolution of data accumulation, management, analytics, and visualization (also known as big data). Big data is primarily about collecting volumes of data in an increased velocity from various sources and varying veracity. Big data is characterized by technological advancements such as Internet of things (accumulation), cloud computing (management), and deep learning (analytics). Putting it all together provides us with a new, exciting, and challenging research agenda. Schema matching problems have been historically defined as a semi-automated task in which correspondences are generated by matching algorithms and subsequently validated by a single human expert. The reason for that is the inherent assumption that humans “do it better," which is not necessarily the case [28]. This research is devoted to the investigation of respective roles of humans and machines in achieving cognitive tasks. We focus on matching as a concrete task where the traditional roles of humans and machines are subject to change due to the availability of data and advances in machine learning. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Preliminaries are given in Section 2 followed the model and approach (Section 3). We conclude in 4 with our main contributions and results.
A SURVEY AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SELECTED OFF-LINE ARABIC HANDWRITTEN CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

In this study we tried to cover the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems used for off-line Arabic Optical Text Recognition (AOTR). We cast some light on the characteristics of Arabic writing. This paper will also present a general concept on the different stages normally followed for handwritten character recognition: preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and post-processing. In addition, evaluation methods for different AOTR systems are presented.
The Impact of Industrial Sites on Residential Property Values: A Hedonic Pricing Analysis from the Netherlands

Industrial sites cause several negative externalities, such as traffic noise disturbance, congestion, and obstruction of view. In order to quantify the negative effects stemming from industrial sites, we estimate – using a hedonic pricing model – the impact of distance to industrial sites on residential property values. We use data on houses sold in the Randstad region and the province of NoordBrabant (both located in the Netherlands) in the year 2005, together with data on characteristics of a substantial number of industrial sites in the same regions and period. The results reveal that the distance to an industrial site has a statistically significant negative effect on the value of residential properties. However, the effect is largely localized within a relatively short distance from the nearest industrial site. Furthermore, we obtain statistical evidence for substantial localized price differentials, which vary according to the size of an industrial site.
Gesture Recognition: A Survey

Gesture recognition pertains to recognizing meaningful expressions of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head, and/or body. It is of utmost importance in designing an intelligent and efficient human-computer interface. The applications of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language through medical rehabilitation to virtual reality. In this paper, we provide a survey on gesture recognition with particular emphasis on hand gestures and facial expressions. Applications involving hidden Markov models, particle filtering and condensation, finite-state machines, optical flow, skin color, and connectionist models are discussed in detail. Existing challenges and future research possibilities are also highlighted
A retrospective study of 889 injured permanent teeth.

The aim of this study was to investigate pre-injury factors, causes of dental injuries and healing complications after traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. The analysed sample comprised 889 permanent teeth of 384 patients, who were treated in the Dentistry Department in Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. Enamel-dentin fractures [233 teeth (26.2%)] and lateral luxations [207 teeth (23.3%)] were the most frequent injuries. The age of the patients at the time of injury varied between 7 and 65 years. Predominantly, children were affected [587 injured teeth (66.0%)]. The most frequent causes of injuries in patients older than 11 years were various sport activities, predominantly bicycling. Pulp necrosis was observed in 239 teeth (26.9%). It was the most frequent post-traumatic complication in all types of dental traumas. Teeth with a completed root formation demonstrated a higher prevalence of pulp necrosis than teeth with an incomplete root formation in all types of luxation injuries. External root resorption was observed in 144 teeth. The rate of inflammatory resorption differed between the various types of luxation injuries (extrusive luxation 5.6%, lateral luxation 11.6%, intrusive luxation 33.3%). Following avulsion and replantation, active inflammatory resorptions were diagnosed in 13 (26.5%) of 49 replanted teeth and ankylosis/replacement resorptions were observed in 21 (42.9%) of 49 replanted teeth. After avulsion, primarily, immature teeth were affected by these complications. Within the observation period of 5 years, 39 teeth (4.4%) had to be removed (16 teeth with root fractures, 19 avulsed and replanted teeth, 3 luxated teeth, 1 tooth with crown-root fracture).
Halves, Pieces, and Twoths: Constructing Representational Contexts in Teaching Fractions. Craft Paper 90-2.

Goals of Teaching and Learning Mathematics Current discourse about the desirable ends of mathematics teaching and learning centers on the development of mathematical understanding and mathematical power——the capacity to make sense with and about mathematics (cf. California State Department of Education, 1985; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989a; National Research Council, 1989). Learning mathematics with understanding, according to this view, entails making connections between informal understandings— —about mathematical ideas, quantitative and spatial patterns, and relationships——and more formal mathematical ideas. Connections must be forged among mathematical ideas (Fennema, Carpenter, and Peterson, 1989). Students must develop the tools and dispositions to frame and solve problems, reason mathematically, and communicate about mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989a). These goals go beyond understanding of particular ideas——place value, functions, triangles, area measurement. "Knowing mathematics" includes knowing how to do mathematics: "To know mathematics is to investigate and express relationships among patterns, to be able to discern patterns in complex and obscure contexts, to understand and transform relationships among patterns" (National Research Council, 1990, p. 12). Included in this view of understanding mathematics also are ways of seeing, interpreting, thinking, doing, and communicating that are special to the community of mathematicians. These specialized skills and ways of framing and solving problems can contribute to everyday confidence and competence; they are personally as well as intellectually empowering. Schoenfeld (1989) summarizes this dimension of mathematical knowledge:
Evaluation of a liquid dressing for minor nonbleeding abrasions and class I and II skin tears in the emergency department.

BACKGROUND
Minor abrasions and skin tears are usually treated with gauze dressings and topical antibiotics requiring frequent and messy dressing changes.


OBJECTIVE
We describe our experience with a low-cost, cyanoacrylate-based liquid dressing applied only once for minor abrasions and skin tears.


METHODS
We conducted a single-center, prospective, noncomparative study in adult emergency department (ED) patients with minor nonbleeding skin abrasions and class I and II skin tears. After cleaning the wound and achieving hemostasis, the wounds were covered with a single layer of a cyanoacrylate liquid dressing. Patients were followed every 1-2 days until healing.


RESULTS
We enrolled 40 patients with 50 wounds including 39 abrasions and 11 skin tears. Mean (standard deviation) age was 54.5 (21.9) years and 57.5% were male. Wounds were located on the face (n = 16), hands (n = 14), legs (n = 11), and arms (n = 9). Pain scores (0 to 10 from none to worst) after application of the liquid dressing were 0 in 62% and 1-3 in the remaining patients. Follow-up was available on 36 patients and 46 wounds. No wounds re-bled and there were no wound infections. Only one wound required an additional dressing. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to complete sloughing of the adhesive was 7 (5.5-8) days. Median (IQR) time to complete healing and sloughing of the overlying scab was 10 (7.4-14) days.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that a single application of a low-cost cyanoacrylate-based liquid adhesive is a safe and effective treatment for superficial nonbleeding abrasions and class I and II skin tears that eliminates the need for topical antibiotics and dressings.
Development of serum-free medium supplemented with hydrolysates for the production of therapeutic antibodies in CHO cell cultures using design of experiments

An efficient method of formulating serum-free medium (SFM) for production of therapeutic antibodies by recombinant CHO (rCHO) cells was developed using two rCHO cell lines producing a therapeutic antibody. In this method, ten kinds of SFM were prepared by supplementing the basal SFM with statistically designed mixtures (total 5 g L−1) of three non-animal-derived hydrolysates: yeastolate, soy hydrolysate, and wheat gluten hydrolysate. When the two rCHO cell lines were cultivated, the mixtures of soy hydrolysate and wheat gluten hydrolysate showed a positive effect on cell growth. On the other hand, the mixtures including a high portion of yeastolate significantly enhanced specific antibody productivity. To reconstitute the mixture ratios of the three hydrolysates for high growth and antibody production, the effect of each medium was analyzed by the statistical program Design-Expert®. The resulting medium gave a 1.9–3.3-fold increase in the maximum antibody concentration, compared to the basal SFM. Taken together, the supplementation of hydrolysates to the basal SFM with the help of statistical analysis is an efficient means of developing SFM for therapeutic antibody production by rCHO cells.
A study on scar revision

Scar evaluation and revision techniques are chief among the most important skills in the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon’s armamentarium. Often minimized in importance, these techniques depend as much on a thorough understanding of facial anatomy and aesthetics, advanced principles of wound healing, and an appreciation of the overshadowing psychological trauma as they do on thorough technical analysis and execution [1,2]. Scar revision is unique in the spectrum of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery because the initial traumatic event and its immediate treatment usually cannot be controlled. Patients who are candidates for scar revision procedures often present after significant loss of regional tissue, injury that crosses anatomically distinct facial aesthetic units, wound closure by personnel less experienced in plastic surgical technique, and poor post injury wound management [3,4]. While no scar can be removed completely, plastic surgeons can often improve the appearance of a scar, making it less obvious through the injection or application of certain steroid medications or through surgical procedures known as scar revisions.There are many variables affect the severity of scarring, including the size and depth of the wound, blood supply to the area, the thickness and color of your skin, and the direction of the scar [5,6].
Suture-button versus screw fixation in a syndesmosis rupture model: a biomechanical comparison.

BACKGROUND
Flexible suture-button devices are used to stabilize the distal tibiofibular joint after syndesmotic rupture, but little is known about how they affect fibular motion during cyclic physiological loading. This study examined how much fibular motion occurs during cyclic loading of ankles repaired with suture-buttons or screws relative to one with intact ligaments.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten pairs of cadaveric legs with intact ligaments were tested in axial compression (750 N), external rotational torque (7.5 Nm), and a combination thereof. Fibular rotation and translation in the sagittal and frontal planes were measured with linear variable displacement transducers. Then we sectioned the anterior tibiofibular, posterior tibiofibular, deltoid, and interosseous ligaments. Ankles were repaired with suture-buttons or a 3.5-mm screw through four-cortices. The ankles were tested for 10,000 cycles using the same loading protocol. Surviving ankles were brought to failure by increasing external rotation (1 degree/sec). Data from the linear variable differential transducers were used to calculate fibular motion at 100, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 cycles.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the effect of the suture-button or screw for translation in the sagittal or coronal plane or for rotation about the fibular axis. The screw repair had a significantly greater (p = 0.02) failure torque (median, 26.5 Nm; inner quartile range, 25.7 to 35.2 Nm) than did the suture-button repair (median, 23.6 Nm; inner quartile range, 16.5 to 25.6 Nm).


CONCLUSION
The fibular motion that occurs during cyclic loading appears to be similar for the suture-button and syndesmotic screw. Motion in both constructs was similar, but neither restored native ankle motion.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
It appears the suture-button behaves similarly to the syndesmotic screw in the syndesmotic rupture injury model tested. Clinical trials are needed to determine how the device performs in vivo.
An experiment on learning in a multiple games environment

We study experimentally how players learn to make decisions if they face many different (normal–form) games. Games are generated randomly from a uniform distribution in each of 100 rounds. We find that agents do extrapolate between games but learn to play strategically equivalent games in the same way. If either there are few games or if access to information about the opponents’ behavior is easy (or both) convergence to the unique Nash equilibrium generally occurs. Otherwise this is not the case and play converges to a distribution of actions which is Non–Nash and which can be rationalized by theoretical models of categorization. Estimating different learning models we find that Nash choices are best explained by finer categorizations than Non–Nash choices. Furthermore participants scoring better in the ”Cognitive Reflection Test” choose Nash actions more often than other participants. JEL-classification: C70, C91