LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Completion of the modified World Health Organization (WHO) partograph during labour in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using the partograph to follow labour and delivery, with the objective to improve health care and reduce maternal and foetal morbidity and death. The partograph consists of a graphic representation of labour and is an excellent visual resource to analyze cervix, uterine contraction and foetal presentation in relation to time. However, poor utilization of the partograph was found in the public health institutions which reflect poor monitoring of mothers in labour and/or poor pregnancy outcome.


METHODS
A retrospective document review was undertaken to assess the completion of the modified WHO partograph during labour in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 420 of the modified WHO partographs used to monitor mothers in labour from five public health institutions that provide maternity care were reviewed. A structured checklist was used to gather the required data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Frequency distributions, cross-tabulations and a graph were used to describe the results of the study.


RESULTS
All facilities were using the modified WHO partograph. The correct completion of the partograph was very low. From 420 partographs reviewed across all the five health facilities, foetal heart rate was recorded into the recommended standard in 129(30.7%) of the partographs, while 138 (32.9%) of cervical dilatation and 87 (20.70%) of uterine contractions were recorded to the recommended standard. The study did not document descent of the presenting part in 353 (84%). Moulding in 364 (86.7%) of the partographs reviewed was not recorded. Documentation of state of the liquor was 113(26.9%), while the maternal blood pressure was recorded to standard only in 78(18.6%) of the partographs reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
This study showed a poor completion of the modified WHO partographs during labour in public health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The findings may reflect poor management of labour or simply inappropriate completion of the instrument and indicate the need for pre-service and periodic on-job training of health workers on the proper completion of the partograph. Regular supportive supervision, provision of guidelines and mandatory health facility policy are also needed in support of a collaborative effort to reduce maternal and perinatal deaths.
Supply chain management and advanced planning--basics, overview and challenges

Literature on supply chain management (SCM) covers several disciplines and is growing rapidly. This paper firstly aims at extracting the essence of SCM and advanced planning in the form of two conceptual frameworks: The house of SCM and the supply chain planning matrix. As an illustration, contributions to this feature issue will then be assigned to the building blocks of the house of SCM or to the modules covering the supply chain planning matrix. Secondly, focusing on software for advanced planning, we outline its main shortcomings and present latest research results for their resolution. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluating FrameNet-style semantic parsing: the role of coverage gaps in FrameNet

Supervised semantic role labeling (SRL) systems are generally claimed to have accuracies in the range of 80% and higher (Erk and Padó, 2006). These numbers, though, are the result of highly-restricted evaluations, i.e., typically evaluating on hand-picked lemmas for which training data is available. In this paper we consider performance of such systems when we evaluate at the document level rather than on the lemma level. While it is wellknown that coverage gaps exist in the resources available for training supervised SRL systems, what we have been lacking until now is an understanding of the precise nature of this coverage problem and its impact on the performance of SRL systems. We present a typology of five different types of coverage gaps in FrameNet. We then analyze the impact of the coverage gaps on performance of a supervised semantic role labeling system on full texts, showing an average oracle upper bound of 46.8%.
Palindrome complexity

We study the palindrome complexity of in/nite sequences on /nite alphabets, i.e., the number of palindromic factors (blocks) of given length occurring in a given sequence. We survey the known results and obtain new results for some sequences, in particular for Rote sequences and for /xed points of primitive morphisms of constant length belonging to “class P” of Hof–Knill– Simon. We also give an upper bound for the palindrome complexity of a sequence in terms of its (block-)complexity. c © 2002 Michael Baake: Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimal sizing of CMOS analog circuits using gravitational search algorithm with particle swarm optimization

In this paper, a hybrid population based metaheuristic search algorithm named as gravitational search algorithm (GSA) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) (GSA–PSO) is proposed for the optimal designs of two commonly used analog circuits, namely, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) differential amplifier circuit with current mirror load and CMOS twostage operational amplifier circuit. PSO and GSA are simple, population based robust evolutionary algorithms but have the problem of suboptimality, individually. The proposed GSA–PSO based approach has overcome this disadvantage faced by both the PSO and the GSA algorithms and is employed in this paper for the optimal designs of two amplifier circuits. The transistors’ sizes are optimized using GSA–PSO in order to minimize the areas occupied by the circuits and to improve the design/performance parameters of the circuits. Various design specifications/performance parameters are optimized to optimize the transistor’s sizes and some other design parameters using GSA–PSO. By using the optimal transistor sizes, Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis simulation has been carried out in order to show the performance parameters. The simulation results justify the superiority of GSA–PSO over differential evolution, harmony search, artificial bee colony and PSO in terms of convergence speed, design specifications and performance parameters of the optimal design of the analog CMOS amplifier circuits. It is shown that GSA– PSO based design technique for each amplifier circuit yields the least MOS area, and each designed circuit is shown to have the best performance parameters like gain, power dissipation etc., as compared with those of other recently reported literature. Still the difficulties and challenges faced in this work are proper tuning of control parameters of the algorithms GSA and PSO, some conflicting design/performance parameters and design specifications, which have been partially overcome by repeated manual tuning. Multiobjective optimization may be the proper alternative way to overcome the above difficulties.
Assessment of muscle fatigue using sonomyography: muscle thickness change detected from ultrasound images.

Muscle fatigue is an exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary muscle force. As the surface electromyography (SEMG) can be used to estimate the features of neuromuscular activations associated with muscle contractions, it has been widely employed as an objective tool to evaluate muscle fatigue. On the other hand, ultrasound imaging can inherently provide the morphological information of individual muscle, thus the architectural changes of muscles during fatigue can be obtained. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using the dimensional change of muscles detected by ultrasound images, named as sonomyography (SMG), to characterize the behavior of muscles when they were in fatigue. The SEMG signals of the muscles were also recorded simultaneously and used for comparison. The right biceps brachii muscles of 8 normal young male adult subjects were tested for 30s under 80% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The muscle fatigue was indicated by the change of the root-mean-square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) of the SEMG signals. The results showed that the SEMG RMS had a linear increase with time with a rate of 2.9+/-1.9%/s (mean+/-S.D.), while the MDF decreased linearly with a rate of -0.60+/-0.26Hz/s. The muscle thickness, detected from the ultrasound images, continuously increased during the muscle fatigue but with a nonlinear increase with time, which was rapid during the initial 8.1+/-2.1s with a mean deformation rate of 0.30+/-0.19%/s and then became slower with a rate of 0.067+/-0.024%/s up to 20s after the contraction. The muscle deformation at 20s was 3.5+/-1.6%. The results demonstrated that the architectural change of muscles detected using SMG could potentially provide complementary information for SEMG for the muscle fatigue assessment.
The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering

Additive manufacturing (AM) is poised to bring about a revolution in the way products are designed, manufactured, and distributed to end users. This technology has gained significant academic as well as industry interest due to its ability to create complex geometries with customizable material properties. AM has also inspired the development of the maker movement by democratizing design and manufacturing. Due to the rapid proliferation of a wide variety of technologies associated with AM, there is a lack of a comprehensive set of design principles, manufacturing guidelines, and standardization of best practices. These challenges are compounded by the fact that advancements in multiple technologies (for example materials processing, topology optimization) generate a ‘‘positive feedback loop’’ effect in advancing AM. In order to advance research interest and investment in AM technologies, some fundamental questions and trends about the dependencies existing in these avenues need highlighting. The goal of our review paper is to organize this body of knowledge surrounding AM, and present current barriers, findings, and future trends significantly to the researchers. We also discuss fundamental attributes of AM processes, evolution of the AM industry, and the affordances enabled by the emergence of AM in a variety of areas such as geometry processing, material design, and education. We conclude our paper by pointing out future directions such as the ‘‘print-it-all’’ paradigm, that have the potential to re-imagine current research and spawn completely new avenues for exploration. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: gao51@purdue.edu (W. Gao). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2015.04.001 0010-4485/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Institutional Determinants of Capital Structure Adjustment Speeds

Many authors relate a firm’s performance to legal and political features and the regulatory environment in which they operate. This article compares firms’ capital structure adjustments across countries and investigates whether institutional differences help explain the variance in estimated adjustment speeds. We find that legal and financial traditions significantly correlate with firm adjustment speeds. More narrowly, institutional features also relate to adjustment speeds, consistent with the hypothesis that better institutions lower the transaction costs associated with adjusting a firm’s leverage. Such associations between institutional arrangements and leverage adjustment speeds are consistent with the dynamic tradeoff theory of capital structure choice.
Real-time coherent stylization for augmented reality

This paper presents a new stylized augmented reality (AR) framework which can generate line drawing and abstracted shading styles. In comparison with the state-of-art work, our framework can significantly improve both the visual immersion of a single frame and the temporal coherence of augmented video streams in real time. In our framework, we first render virtual objects over the input camera images and then uniformly process the combined contents with stylization techniques. For generating line drawing stylization, we first propose a specially designed shading method to render the virtual objects, and then use an adapted Flow-based anisotropic Difference-of-Gaussion (FDoG) filter to yield the high-quality line drawing effect. For generating the abstracted stylization, a focus-guided diffusion filter and a soft color quantization operator are sequentially applied to the augmented image, and then the processed result is combined with the detected edges to produce the final abstraction effect. The presented algorithms are all sympathetic to highly parallel processing, allowing a real-time performance on contemporary graphics hardware.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF DAUCUS CAROTA L. AQUEOUS EXTRACT AGAINST PARACETAMOL, ISONIAZID AND ALCOHOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN MALE WISTAR RATS.

Daucus carota L. commonly known as carrot, very widely consumed vegetable in south asia, been shown to provide protection against hepatotoxicity, thus its regular consumption during the exposure to hepatotoxins in clinical setup (INH in treatment of tuberculosis) may reduce their toxic effects. The effect of Daucus carota L. (DCE) on paracetamol, isoniazid (INH) and alcohol induced liver damage was evaluated. Hepatotoxicity were induced in different group of Wistar rats, with paracetamol (4 mg/kg), INH (100 mg/kg) and alcohol (20 mg/kg of 40% v/v). The biochemical markers viz. Alanine transaminase(ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin (both total and direct) and prothrombin time (PT) were estimated and compared with histopathological study. The paracetamol, INH and alcohol-induced increase in biochemical markers mentioned above were significantly lowered by pretreatment with the DCE. The histopathologic studies showed that pretreatment with DCE restored the hepatic histology to normal in INH and alcohol challenged groups, but failed to do so in paracetamol group. The carrot extract could provide a significant protection against paracetamol, INH and alcohol induced hepatocellular injury in Wistar rats.
Siliceous microfossil distribution in the surficial sediments of Lake Baikal

Examination of surficial sediments at 16 stations shows minor, but consistent differences in the numbers and kinds of siliceous microfossils deposited in different regions of Lake Baikal. There is a general north-south decreasing trend in total microfossil abundance on a weight basis. Endemic plankton diatom species are the most abundant component of assemblages at all stations. Chrysophyte cysts are present at all stations, but most forms are more abundant at northern stations. Non-endemic plankton diatom species are most abundant at southern stations. Small numbers of benthic diatoms and sponge spicules are found in all samples. Although low numbers are present in offshore sediments, the benthic diatom flora is very diverse. Principal components analysis confirms primary north-south abundance trends and suggests further differentiation by station location and depth.
Case report: Acute calcific discitis with intravertebral disc herniation in the dorsolumbar spine

Acute calcific discitis is a rare but well-known condition of unknown etiology. In symptomatic cases, the most common site is the cervical spine. We describe the CT scan and MRI findings in a symptomatic patient, with a lesion in the dorsolumbar spine.
Cloud Migration Research: A Systematic Review

Background--By leveraging cloud services, organizations can deploy their software systems over a pool of resources. However, organizations heavily depend on their business-critical systems, which have been developed over long periods. These legacy applications are usually deployed on-premise. In recent years, research in cloud migration has been carried out. However, there is no secondary study to consolidate this research. Objective--This paper aims to identify, taxonomically classify, and systematically compare existing research on cloud migration. Method--We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 23 selected studies, published from 2010 to 2013. We classified and compared the selected studies based on a characterization framework that we also introduce in this paper. Results--The research synthesis results in a knowledge base of current solutions for legacy-to-cloud migration. This review also identifies research gaps and directions for future research. Conclusion--This review reveals that cloud migration research is still in early stages of maturity, but is advancing. It identifies the needs for a migration framework to help improving the maturity level and consequently trust into cloud migration. This review shows a lack of tool support to automate migration tasks. This study also identifies needs for architectural adaptation and self-adaptive cloud-enabled systems.
Outcome prediction in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a focus on computed tomography variables.

BACKGROUND
With this study we aimed to design validated outcome prediction models in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using demographic, clinical, and radiological parameters.


METHODS
Seven hundred consecutive moderate or severe TBI patients were included in this observational prospective cohort study. After inclusion, clinical data were collected, initial head computed tomography (CT) scans were rated, and at 6 months outcome was determined using the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between potential predictors and three different outcome endpoints. The prognostic models that resulted were externally validated in a national Dutch TBI cohort.


RESULTS
In line with previous literature we identified age, pupil responses, Glasgow Coma Scale score and the occurrence of a hypotensive episode post-injury as predictors. Furthermore, several CT characteristics were associated with outcome; the aspect of the ambient cisterns being the most powerful. After external validation using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis our prediction models demonstrated adequate discriminative values, quantified by the area under the ROC curve, of 0.86 for death versus survival and 0.83 for unfavorable versus favorable outcome. Discriminative power was less for unfavorable outcome in survivors: 0.69.


CONCLUSIONS
Outcome prediction in moderate and severe TBI might be improved using the models that were designed in this study. However, conventional demographic, clinical and CT variables proved insufficient to predict disability in surviving patients. The information that can be derived from our prediction rules is important for the selection and stratification of patients recruited into clinical TBI trials.
Simulating service reliability of a high frequency bus route using automatically collected data

High frequency bus routes are subject to a variety of influences that can affect the quality of service provided to passengers. Since they have short headways and high passenger demand interaction between buses can easily develop, causing degradation in service reliability. This, in turn, can prompt service interventions to correct service reliability. Transit agencies are implementing new technology that provide rich data sets for analysis and are also experimenting with a variety of operating policies to improve service reliability. This research develops a simulation model of high frequency bus service in order to study the causes of service unreliability and strategies to alleviate it. The model is designed to be used in conjunction with data recorded by the Automatic Voice Annunciation System (AVAS), Automatic Passenger Counting (APC), and Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems and is calibrated to represent route 63, a key bus route in the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) network The simulation model is first used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the factors influencing reliability, such as passenger demand, terminal departure behavior, and unfilled trips. Next, several operating strategies, including terminal departure and timepoint holding for schedule or headway, are modeled and evaluated for their potential to improve reliability. The sensitivity analysis and application testing support the use of passenger-centric metrics such as passenger-experienced waiting time and crowding over more aggregate headway measures such as large headways and bunching. Model results show that headway management strategies implemented at the terminal can significantly improve bus service reliability and ameliorate the impacts of unfilled trips on route 63, as measured by passenger waiting time, crowding, and big-gaps / bunches. The simulation model is a valuable research tool for applications beyond those tested in this thesis. The model developed can be applied with from data collected by automatic collection systems which is a particularly useful feature for transit agencies. Thesis Supervisor: Nigel H.M. Wilson, Ph.D. Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Novel Prokinetic Acotiamide Reduces Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation in Healthy Subjects.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Currently, there is no study evaluating the effect of acotiamide on transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acotiamide on TLESRs using simultaneous high-resolution manometry (HRM) and impedance-pH monitoring.


METHODS
Ten healthy subjects were enrolled. On day 1, subjects underwent HRM and impedance-pH recordings as a baseline. Subjects ate a 750-kcal liquid meal; recording was continued for 2 h while the subjects were in a sitting position. After the administration of acotiamide 100 mg three times a day for 1 week, subjects underwent HRM and impedance-pH recording under the same protocol.


RESULTS
A total of 208 TLESRs were identified at baseline. Acotiamide decreased the total number of TLESRs from 208 to 143 (p < 0.05). The rate of reflux events during TLESRs after acotiamide administration was similar to that at baseline (57% after acotiamide vs. 58% at baseline). Bolus clearance time was significantly reduced by acotiamide.


CONCLUSIONS
Acotiamide was believed to have the potential for reducing TLESRs and for enhancing esophageal bolus clearance in healthy volunteers. Future research is needed to determine whether the effects of acotiamide that reduce TLESRs and enhance esophageal motility could improve symptoms in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.