LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Air quality data clustering using EPLS method

Nowadays air quality data can be easily accumulated by sensors around the world. Analysis on air quality data is very useful for society decision. Among five major air pollutants which are calculated for AQI (Air Quality Index), PM2.5 data is the most concerned by the people. PM2.5 data is also cross-impacted with the other factors in the air and which has properties of non-linear nonstationary including high noise level and outlier. Traditional methods cannot solve the problem of PM2.5 data clustering very well because of their inherent characteristics. In this paper, a novel model-based feature extraction method is proposed to address this issue. The EPLS model includes 1) Mode Decomposition, in which EEMD algorithm is applied to the aggregation dataset; 2) Dimension Reduction, which is carried out for a more significant set of vectors; 3) Least Squares Projection, in which all testing data are projected to the obtained vectors. Synthetic dataset and air quality dataset are applied to different clustering methods and similarity measures. Experimental results demonstrate IFully documented templates are available in the elsarticle package on CTAN. ∗Corresponding author at: Department of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. ∗∗Corresponding author at: Department of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. Email addresses: lizhewang@icloud.com (Lizhe Wang), lfy_cug@hotmail.com (Fangyuan Li) 1Email address: Cyl king@hotmail.com. Preprint submitted to Journal of LTEX Templates December 1, 2016
One day ahead prediction of wind speed using annual trends

The growing revolution in wind energy encourages for more accurate models for wind speed forecasting and wind power generation prediction. This paper presents a new technique for wind speed forecasting based on using a time series model relating the predicted interval to its corresponding one and two year old data. A set of data that extends to 72 hours is used in investigating the accuracy of the model for predicting wind speeds up 24 hours ahead. Obtained results, form the proposed model, are compared with their corresponding values generated when using the persistence model. The presented results validate the effectiveness of the new prediction models for wind speed
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSA

This document updates RFC 3279 to specify algorithm identifiers and ASN.1 encoding rules for the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) digital signatures when using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 as the hashing algorithm. This specification applies to the Internet X.509 Public Key infrastructure (PKI) when digital signatures are used to sign certificates and certificate revocation lists (CRLs). This document also identifies all four SHA2 hash algorithms for use in the Internet X.509 PKI. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Two simple questions to assess outcome after stroke: a European study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The "2 simple questions" were designed as an efficient way of measuring outcome after stroke. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of this tool, adapted for use in 8 European centers, and used it to compare outcomes across centers.


METHODS
Data were taken from the Biomed II prospective study of stroke care and outcomes. Three-month poststroke data from 8 European centers were analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed by comparing responses to the 2 simple questions with Barthel Index and modified Rankin scale scores. Adjusting for case mix, logistic regression was used to compare patients in each center with "good" outcome (not dependent and fully recovered) at 3 months.


RESULTS
Data for 793 patients were analyzed. For the total sample, the dependency question had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 77%; the recovery question had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 90%. Dependency data from Riga had much lower sensitivity. There was variation in good outcome between centers (P:=0.0015). Compared with the reference center (Kaunas), patients in Dijon, Florence, and Menorca were more likely to have good outcome, after adjusting for case mix.


CONCLUSIONS
Dependency and recovery questions showed generally high sensitivity and specificity. There were significant differences across centers in outcome, but reasons for these are unclear. Such differences raise particular questions about how patients interpreted and answered the simple questions and the extent to which expectations of recovery and perceived needs for assistance vary cross-culturally.
Potential and optimal control of human head movement using Tait-Bryan parametrization

Human head movement can be looked at, as a rotational dynamics on the space SO(3) with constraints that have to do with the axis of rotation. Typically the axis vector, after a suitable scaling, is assumed to lie in a surface called Donders’ surface. Various descriptions of Donders’ surface are in the literature and in this paper we assume that the surface is described by a quadratic form. We propose a Tait–Bryan parametrization of SO(3), that is new in the head movement literature, and describe Donders’ constraint in these parameters. Assuming that the head is a perfect sphere with its mass distributed uniformly and rotating about its own center, head movement models are constructed using classical mechanics. A new potential control method is described to regulate the head to a desired final orientation. Optimal head movement trajectories are constructed using a pseudospectral method, where the goal is to minimize a quadratic cost function on the energy of the applied control torques. Themodel trajectories are compared with measured trajectories of human head movement. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Temporal expert finding through generalized time topic modeling

Please cite this article in press as: A. Daud et al., j.knosys.2010.04.008 This paper addresses the problem of semantics-based temporal expert finding, which means identifying a person with given expertise for different time periods. For example, many real world applications like reviewer matching for papers and finding hot topics in newswire articles need to consider time dynamics. Intuitively there will be different reviewers and reporters for different topics during different time periods. Traditional approaches used graph-based link structure by using keywords based matching and ignored semantic information, while topic modeling considered semantics-based information without conferences influence (richer text semantics and relationships between authors) and time information simultaneously. Consequently they result in not finding appropriate experts for different time periods. We propose a novel Temporal-Expert-Topic (TET) approach based on Semantics and Temporal Information based Expert Search (STMS) for temporal expert finding, which simultaneously models conferences influence and time information. Consequently, topics (semantically related probabilistic clusters of words) occurrence and correlations change over time, while the meaning of a particular topic almost remains unchanged. By using Bayes Theorem we can obtain topically related experts for different time periods and show how experts’ interests and relationships change over time. Experimental results on scientific literature dataset show that the proposed generalized time topic modeling approach significantly outperformed the non-generalized time topic modeling approaches, due to simultaneously capturing conferences influence with time information. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Arthroscopic evaluation of the accuracy of clinical examination versus MRI in diagnosing meniscus tears and cruciate ligament ruptures.

BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint has often been regarded as a noninvasive alternative to diagnostic arthroscopy. In day-to-day clinical practice, the MRI scan is routinely used to support the diagnosis for meniscus or ligamentous injuries prior to recommending arthroscopic examination and surgery. On the other hand, rapidly progressing medical technology sometimes obscures the importance of history and physical examination. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of physical examination and MRI scanning in the diagnosis of knee injury, including meniscus tears and cruciate ligament ruptures.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study, 120 patients with knee injury who were candidates for arthroscopy were referred to Tabriz Shohada Hospital during a one-year period. Prior history of arthroscopy or knee surgery was considered as exclusion criteria. Before ordering an MRI and arthroscopy, a thorough physical examination of the affected knee was performed and a preliminary diagnosis made. The results of arthroscopy were considered as the definitive diagnosis, therefore the results of the physical examination and MRI were judged accordingly.


RESULTS
Of the 120 evaluated patients with knee injuries, there were 108 males and 12 females with a mean age of 29.13 ± 7.37 (16-54) years. For medial meniscus injuries, clinical examination had an accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 94.8%, and specificity of 75.8%. Lateral meniscus injuries had the following results: accuracy (85%), sensitivity (70.8%) and specificity (88.5%). Clinical examination of anterior cruciate injuries had an accuracy of 95.8%, sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 91.7%. According to MRI results, for medial meniscus injuries there was an accuracy of 77.5%, sensitivity of 84.2%, and specificity of 71.4%. In lateral meniscus injuries, MRI had an accuracy of 85.8%, sensitivity of 56.5% and 92.8% specificity. MRI evaluation of anterior cruciate injuries was 92.5% for accuracy, 98.6% for sensitivity, and 83.3% for specificity. Both clinical examination and MRI were 100% for posterior cruciate injuries. Overall, in isolated injuries, the accuracy of clinical examination was relatively better than with complicated cases. The opposite results were seen for MRI findings in this regard.


CONCLUSION
According to our results, both physical examination and MRI scans are very sensitive and accurate in the diagnosis of knee injuries, with a mild preference for physical examination. MRI should be reserved for doubtful cases or complicated injuries.
A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

How much and how fast should we react to the threat of global warming? The Stern Review argues that the damages from climate change are large, and that nations should undertake sharp and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. An examination of the Review’s radical revision of the economics of climate change finds, however, that it depends decisively on the assumption of a near-zero time discount rate combined with a specific utility function. The Review’s unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of assumptions that are consistent with today’s marketplace real interest rates and savings rates.
Menopause occurs late in life in the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Menopause in women occurs at mid-life. Chimpanzees, in contrast, continue to display cycles of menstrual bleeding and genital swelling, suggestive of ovulation, until near their maximum life span of about 60 years. Because ovulation was not confirmed hormonally, however, the age at which chimpanzees experience menopause has remained uncertain. In the present study, we provide hormonal data from urine samples collected from 30 female chimpanzees, of which 9 were old (>30 years), including 2 above the age of 50 years. Eight old chimpanzees showed clear endocrine evidence of ovulation, as well as cycles of genital swelling that correlated closely with measured endocrine changes. Endocrine evidence thus confirms prior observations (cyclic anogenital swelling) that menopause is a late-life event in the chimpanzee. We also unexpectedly discovered an idiopathic anovulation in some young and middle-aged chimpanzees; this merits further study. Because our results on old chimpanzees validate the use of anogenital swelling as a surrogate index of ovulation, we were able to combine data on swelling and urinary hormones to provide the first estimates of age-specific rates of menopause in chimpanzees. We conclude that menopause occurs near 50 years of age in chimpanzees as it does in women. Our finding identifies a basic difference between the human and chimpanzee aging processes: female chimpanzees can remain reproductively viable for a greater proportion of their life span than women. Thus, while menopause marks the end of the chimpanzee’s life span, women may thrive for decades more.
DiReCt: Resource-Aware Dynamic Model Reconfiguration for Convolutional Neural Network in Mobile Systems

Although Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied in various applications, their deployment in resource-constrained mobile systems remains a significant concern. To overcome the computation resource constraints, such as limited memory and energy capacity, many works are proposed for mobile CNN optimization. However, most of them lack a comprehensive modeling analysis of the CNN computation consumption and merely focus on static optimization schemes regardless of different mobile computation scenarios. In this work, we proposed DiReCt -- a resource-aware CNN reconfiguration system. Leveraging accurate CNN computation consumption modeling and mobile resource constraint analysis, DiReCt can reconfigure a CNN with different accuracy and resource consumption levels to adapt to various mobile computation scenarios. The experiment results show that: the proposed computation consumption models in DiReCt can well estimate the CNN computation consumption with 94.1% accuracy, and DiReCt achieves at most 34.9% computation acceleration, 52.7% memory reduction, and 27.1% energy saving. Eventually, DiReCt can effectively adapt CNNs to dynamic mobile usage scenarios for optimal performance.
Mortality and its risk factors in Malawian children admitted to hospital with clinical pneumonia, 2001-12: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND
Few studies have reported long-term data on mortality rates for children admitted to hospital with pneumonia in Africa. We examined trends in case fatality rates for all-cause clinical pneumonia and its risk factors in Malawian children between 2001 and 2012.


METHODS
Individual patient data for children (<5 years) with clinical pneumonia who were admitted to hospitals participating in Malawi's Child Lung Health Programme between 2001 and 2012 were recorded prospectively on a standardised medical form. We analysed trends in pneumonia mortality and children's clinical characteristics, and we estimated the association of risk factors with case fatality for children younger than 2 months, 2-11 months of age, and 12-59 months of age using separate multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models.


FINDINGS
Between November, 2012, and May, 2013, we retrospectively collected all available hard copies of yellow forms from 40 of 41 participating hospitals. We examined 113 154 pneumonia cases, 104 932 (92·7%) of whom had mortality data and 6903 of whom died, and calculated an overall case fatality rate of 6·6% (95% CI 6·4-6·7). The case fatality rate significantly decreased between 2001 (15·2% [13·4-17·1]) and 2012 (4·5% [4·1-4·9]; ptrend<0·0001). Univariable analyses indicated that the decrease in case fatality rate was consistent across most subgroups. In multivariable analyses, the risk factors significantly associated with increased odds of mortality were female sex, young age, very severe pneumonia, clinically suspected Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, moderate or severe underweight, severe acute malnutrition, disease duration of more than 21 days, and referral from a health centre. Increasing year between 2001 and 2012 and increasing age (in months) were associated with reduced odds of mortality. Fast breathing was associated with reduced odds of mortality in children 2-11 months of age. However, case fatality rate in 2012 remained high for children with very severe pneumonia (11·8%), severe undernutrition (15·4%), severe acute malnutrition (34·8%), and symptom duration of more than 21 days (9·0%).


INTERPRETATION
Pneumonia mortality and its risk factors have steadily improved in the past decade in Malawi; however, mortality remains high in specific subgroups. Improvements in hospital care may have reduced case fatality rates though a lack of sufficient data on quality of care indicators and the potential of socioeconomic and other improvements outside the hospital precludes adequate assessment of why case-fatality rates fell. Results from this study emphasise the importance of effective national systems for data collection. Further work combining this with data on trends in the incidence of pneumonia in the community are needed to estimate trends in the overall risk of mortality from pneumonia in children in Malawi.


FUNDING
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Analysis of MUTYH genotypes and colorectal phenotypes in patients With MUTYH-associated polyposis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Biallelic mutations in the base excision DNA repair gene MUTYH lead to MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). Functional studies have demonstrated significant differences in base recognition and glycosylase activity between various MUTYH mutations, notably for the 2 mutations most frequently reported in MAP patients: Y179C and G396D (previously annotated as Y165C and G382D). Our goal was to establish correlations between genotypes and colorectal phenotype of patients with MAP.


METHODS
In this multicenter study, we analyzed genotype and phenotype data from 257 MAP patients. Data included age at presentation of MAP, polyp count, and the occurrence, location, and age at presentation of CRC.


RESULTS
Patients with a homozygous G396D mutation or compound heterozygous G396D/Y179C mutations presented later with MAP and had a significantly lower hazard of developing CRC than patients with a homozygous Y179C mutation (P < .001). The mean ages of CRC diagnosis in patients were 58 years (homozygous G396D) and 52 years (compound heterozygous G396D/Y179C) versus 46 years (homozygous Y179C; P = .001, linear regression).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified the phenotypic effects of Y179C as relatively severe and of G396D as relatively mild. These clinical data are in accord with findings from in vitro functional assays. Genotypic stratification may become useful in the development of guidelines for counseling, surveillance, and management of families with MAP.
Verification and validation: verification and validation of simulation models

In this paper we discuss verification and validation of simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described; two different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the model development process are presented; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; a way to document results is given; a recommended procedure for model validation is presented; and accreditation is briefly discussed.
Developing International Standards for Very Small Enterprises

In this article software engineering addresses the needs of small organizations, especially those with a low capability level. Industry recognizes that very small enterprises (VSEs) contribute valuable products and services.According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Small and Medium Enterprise Outlook, 2002, enterprises with fewer than 10 employees represent 93 percent of all companies in Europe and 56 percent in the US - 66 percent of total employment. The current software engineering standards do not address the needs of these organizations, especially those with a low capability level. Compliance with standards such as those from ISO and the IEEE is difficult if not impossible for them to achieve. Subsequently, VSEs have no or very limited ways to be recognized as enterprises that produce quality software systems in their domain. Therefore, they are often cut off from some economic activities.
CYP2D6 polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Objectives: To determine whether patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with impaired CYP2D6 activity and to gain insight into whether there is an association between particular CYP2D6 genotypes and susceptibility to SLE, and whether CYP2D6 polymorphism is linked to any specific clinical features of SLE. Methods: Debrisoquine sulfate (10 mg p.o.) was given to 159 healthy volunteers and 39 idiopathic SLE patients. Genotypic assay was carried out in 80 healthy volunteers and 32 patients. A 10-ml blood sample was drawn for genotypic assay. Debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine were determined in 8-h urine samples. Blood samples were analysed for the presence of mutations in the CYP2D6 gene, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 alleles. Results: The metabolic ratio of debrisoquine to 4-hydroxydebrisoquine ranged from 0.01 to 86.98 in healthy subjects and from 0.02 to 96 in SLE patients. We observed the poor metabolizer(PM) debrisoquine phenotype in three of 39 patients with idiopathic SLE (7.6%) and five of 159 healthy subjects (3.1%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of PM phenotypes between idiopathic SLE and healthy subjects (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.19). No significant difference in the distribution of overall genotypes and allele frequencies were observed between the two groups. No significant relationships were found between specific clinical features and the overall genotype. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that CYP2D6 activity is not impaired in SLE and that there is no association between SLE and phenotypic CYP2D6 status. The results also showed that there was no difference in the frequency of CYP2D6A and CYP2D6B alleles between controls and patients with SLE.