LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationship of the populations within and around Japan using 105 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci

We have analyzed 105 autosomal polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci for nine East and South-eastern Asian populations (two Japanese, five Han Chinese, Thai, and Burmese populations) and a Caucasian population using a multiplex PCR typing system. All the STR loci are genomewide tetranucleotide repeat markers of which the total number of observed alleles and the observed heterozygosity were 756 and 0.743, respectively, for Japanese populations. Phylogenetic analysis for these allele frequency data suggested that the Japanese populations are more closely related with southern Chinese populations than central and/or northern ones. STRUCTURE program analysis revealed the almost clearly divided and accountable population structure at K=2–6, that the two Japanese populations always formed one group separated from the other populations and never belong to different groups at K≥3. Furthermore, our new allele frequency data for 91 loci were analyzed with those for 52 worldwide populations published by previous studies. Phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses indicated that Asian populations with large population size (six Han Chinese, three Japanese, two Southeast Asia) formed one distinct cluster and are closer to each other than other ethnic minorities in east and Southeast Asia. This pattern may be the caviar of comparing populations with greatly differing population sizes when STR loci were analyzed.
Upper and lower extremity robotic devices to promote motor recovery after stroke -recent developments

Successful motor rehabilitation of stroke, TBI and SCI subjects requires an intensive and task-specific therapy approach. Budget constrains limit a hand-to-hand therapy approach, so that intelligent machines may offer a solution to further promote motor recovery and to better understand motor control. This new field of automated or robot-assisted motor rehabilitation has emerged since the nineties. The article presents clinically viable devices for the upper and lower extremity rehabilitation, which have been developed by our group. The Bi-Manu-Track, enables the bilateral practice of a forearm and wrist movement, and is currently tested. For gait rehabilitation after stroke, the electromechanical gait trainer GT I has proven effective as compared to treadmill training with body weight support (BWS). The latest development is the HapticWalker, a robotic walking simulator for gait training, which allows the training of arbitrary daily life foot trajectories. The foot trajectories can be individually adjusted to each patient, in addition the machine will offer a sophisticated patient-machine-interaction. A prototype of the machine has been designed and built succesfully and is being evaluated at present. Technical possibilities are one aspect, but multi-centre trials and the consideration of unsubstantiated fears among therapists of being replaced by the machines will decide on the successful implementation of this most promising field to the benefit of patients.
85.9 Gb/in $^{ {2}}$  Recording Areal Density on Barium Ferrite Tape

The recording performance of a new magnetic tape based on perpendicularly oriented barium ferrite particles was investigated using a 90-nm-wide giant-magnetoresistive reader and a prototype enhanced-field write head. A linear density of 600 kb/in with a postdetection byte-error rate <;3 × 10-2 was demonstrated based on measured recording data and a software read channel that used a noise-predictive maximum likelihood detection scheme. Using a new iterative decoding architecture, a user bit-error rate of <;1 × 10-20 can be achieved at this operating point. To facilitate aggressive scaling of the track density, we made several advances in the area of the track-following servo. First, we developed an experimental low-noise tape transport. Second, we implemented an optimized servo channel that together with an experimental timing-based servo pattern enables the generation of position estimates with nanoscale resolution at a high update rate. Third, we developed a field-programmable gate array-based prototyping platform in which we have implemented the servo channel and an H∞-based track-following controller, enabling real-time closed-loop track-following experiments. Combining these technologies, we achieved a position-error signal (PES) with a standard deviation of 10.3 nm. This magnitude of PES in combination with a 90-nm-wide reader allows the writing and reading of 177-nm-wide tracks at 600 kb/in, for an equivalent areal density of 85.9 Gb/in2. This paper clearly demonstrates the continued scaling potential of tape technologies based on low-cost particulate media.
A Literature Review on Organizational Commitment – A Comprehensive Summary

The paper encapsulates the evolution of the concept of organizational commitment, and its constructs. It focuses and analyses the literature findings of organizational commitments over the last five decades. It categorizes the approaches into six broad eras, each era being an extension and modification over the preceding ones. This review paper brings to the fore the theories that have emerged in the body of knowledge regarding commitment in organizations in a chronological order, starting from the side bet theory to the more recent multiple commitment approach. The gaps in the theories proposed have been identified and reviewed critically. It is difficult to conceptualize and measure organizational commitment as it encompasses a vast and highly diverse body of knowledge. Due to this it becomes difficult to interpret and conclude from the existing bodies of literature. The paper also highlights the importance of recognizing the individual/employee‟s perspective towards organizational commitment.
Design of 10 kW resonant push-pull DC-DC converter for solid oxide fuel cell applications

In this paper, a 10 kW current-fed DC-DC converter using resonant push-pull topology is demonstrated and analyzed. The grounds for component dimensioning are given and the advantages and disadvantages of the resonant push-pull topology are discussed. The converter characteristics and efficiencies are demonstrated by calculations and prototype measurements.
Attenuation of pathological tremors by functional electrical stimulation I: Method

In this study we explored the possibility of suppressing pathological tremors using closed-loop functional electrical stimulation (FES) to activate the tremorogenic muscles out-of-phase. A displacement signal monitored with a transducer was filtered so as to be “tuned” to the tremor frequency at the wrist or elbow. The filtered signal was used to amplitude-modulate the electrical stimulation. The design process was based on measurements of the open-loop frequency response characteristics of the forearm and hand to stimulation of the elbow and wrist flexors and extensors in a number of subjects. These data allowed us to identify closed-loop configurations, which attenuated 2–5 Hz tremors substantially, while only minimally attenuating functional movements in the 0–1 Hz range. There was a fairly delicate balance between efficacy and the risk of instability. However, designs were identified that offered enough tremor suppression and adequate immunity to muscle/load variations for the technique to be considered seriously for clinical application.
Class D Audio Amplifiers: What, Why, and How

Class D amplifiers, first proposed in 1958, have become increasingly popular in recent years. What are Class D amplifiers? How do they compare with other kinds of amplifiers? Why is Class D of interest for audio? What is needed to make a " good " audio Class D amplifier? What are the features of ADI's Class D amplifier products? Find the answers to all these questions in the following pages. The goal of audio amplifiers is to reproduce input audio signals at sound-producing output elements, with desired volume and power levels—faithfully, efficiently, and at low distortion. Audio frequencies range from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz, so the amplifier must have good frequency response over this range (less when driving a band-limited speaker, such as a woofer or a tweeter). Power capabilities vary widely depending on the application, from milliwatts in headphones, to a few watts in TV or PC audio, to tens of watts for " mini " home stereos and automotive audio, to hundreds of watts and beyond for more powerful home and commercial sound systems—and to fill theaters or auditoriums with sound. A straightforward analog implementation of an audio amplifier uses transistors in linear mode to create an output voltage that is a scaled copy of the input voltage. The forward voltage gain is usually high (at least 40 dB). If the forward gain is part of a feedback loop, the overall loop gain will also be high. Feedback is often used because high loop gain improves performance— suppressing distortion caused by nonlinearities in the forward path and reducing power supply noise by increasing the power-supply rejection (PSR). In a conventional transistor amplifier, the output stage contains transistors that supply the instantaneous continuous output current. The many possible implementations for audio systems include Classes A, AB, and B. Compared with Class D designs, the output-stage power dissipation is large in even the most efficient linear output stages. This difference gives Class D significant advantages in many applications because the lower power dissipation produces less heat, saves circuit board space and cost, and extends battery life in portable systems. Linear-amplifier output stages are directly connected to the speaker (in some cases via capacitors). If bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are used in the output stage, they generally operate in the linear mode, with large collector-emitter voltages. The output stage could also be implemented with MOS transistors, as shown in …
Changes in Serum Concentrations of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Soluble Klotho in Hemodialysis Patients after Total Parathyroidectomy

Background. We examined the changes in circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho concentrations in hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Methods. We enrolled a cohort of hemodialysis patients who received PTX. Postoperatively, patients received calcium supplements and/or vitamin D analogue (calcitriol) to maintain serum calcium within 7.0-8.0 mg/dL. Information on clinical parameters including bone-mineral metabolic variables was collected pre-PTX and on days 5 and 90 after PTX. Concomitantly, serum full-length FGF23 and α-Klotho levels were measured. The relationship between FGF23 and clinical parameters was analyzed by single linear regression. Results. Forty-six participants (33 women; 13 men) were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 56.49 years. Serum FGF23 and α-Klotho concentrations were elevated on days 5 and 90 after PTX compared to baseline (p > 0.05). Serum FGF23 concentrations negatively correlated with serum calcium concentrations pre-PTX (Beta -0.31; R2 0.0949; p = 0.040), day 5 post-PTX (Beta -0.31; R2 0.0982; p = 0.036), and day 90 post-PTX (Beta -0.39; R2 0.1528; p = 0.008). Conclusions. There was no change in circulating FGF23 and Klotho concentrations after PTX in hemodialysis patients given postoperative calcium supplements and/or vitamin D analogue. Serum FGF23 concentrations pre-PTX and at days 5 and 90 after PTX were inversely related to serum calcium concentrations.
2426 /-Blockade With Bucindolol in Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Versus Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background. We investigated the effects of bucindolol, a nonselective, non-ISA j-blocker with mild vasodilatory properties, in patients with congestive heart failure from ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ISCDC, n=27) and compared the results with those in subjects with heart failure from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC, n=22). Methods and Results. Patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive 12 weeks' treatment with either bucindolol or placebo, with randomization stratified for IDC or ISCDC. Invasive (right heart catheterization) and noninvasive (echo, MUGA, central venous norepinephrine, exercise treadmill studies, and symptom scores) tests of heart failure severity were determined at baseline and end of the study. For all subjects (ISCDC plus IDC), relative to placebo treatment, bucindolol-treated patients had significant improvement in ejection fraction, left ventricular size and filling pressure, stroke work index, symptom score, and central
Measuring fatigue among women with Sjögren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of the Profile of Fatigue (ProF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI).

BACKGROUND
Fatigue is common in both Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can restrict functioning.


AIMS
We tested the convergent validity of the Profile of Fatigue (ProF) using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) in SS and RA.


METHODS
The 16-item ProF and the 20-item MFI were completed by 82 White-British women aged 35-79 years (mean 60.4 years). Thirty-four had been diagnosed with SS for a mean of 7.0 years and 48 had been diagnosed with RA for a mean of 14.5 years. The ProF measures four somatic facets of fatigue and two mental facets; the MFI contains one mental and four somatic facets. The structures of the items from both measures were tested by principal component factor analysis using varimax rotation.


RESULTS
No significant differences in fatigue were found between the women with SS or RA. Five factors explained a total of 76% of the variance of the MFI; six factors explained 94% of the variance of the ProF. Mental fatigue items from both questionnaires loaded onto separate factors from somatic fatigue items; the two original facets of mental fatigue in the ProF were replicated. The four somatic fatigue facets of the ProF were generally replicated but the somatic facets of the MFI did not replicate as clearly. Equivalent facets correlated well between the two questionnaires (r >or= 0.65).


CONCLUSIONS
Both the ProF and the MFI distinguish between somatic and mental fatigue in SS and RA but the ProF appears better at resolving somatic facets of fatigue.
Emotion and decision-making explained: Response to commentators

One of the themes of Emotion and Decision-Making Explained (Rolls, 2014c) is that there are multiple routes to emotionrelated responses, with some illustrated in Fig. 1. Brain systems involved in decoding stimuli in terms of whether they are instrumental reinforcers so that goal directed actions may be performed to obtain or avoid the stimuli are emphasized as being important for emotional states, for an intervening state may be needed to bridge the time gap between the decoding of a goal-directed stimulus, and the actions that may need to be set into train and directed to obtain or avoid the emotionrelated stimulus. In contrast, when unconditioned or classically conditioned responses such as autonomic responses, freezing, turning away etc. are required, there is no need for intervening states such as emotional states. These points are covered in Chapters 2e4 and 10 of the book. Ono and Nishijo (2014) raise the issue of the extent to which subcortical pathways are involved in the elicitation of some of these emotion-related responses. They describe interesting research that pulvinar neurons in macaques may respond to snakes, and may provide a route that does not require cortical processing for some probably innately specified visual stimuli to produce responses. With respect to Fig. 1, the pathway is that some of the inputs labeled as primary reinforcers may reach brain regions including the amygdala by a subcortical route. LeDoux (2012) provides evidence in the same direction, in his case involving a ‘low road’ for auditory stimuli such as tones (which do not required cortical processing) to reach, via a subcortical pathway, the amygdala, where classically conditioned e.g., freezing and autonomic responses may be learned. Consistently, there is evidence (Chapter 4) that humans with damage to the primary visual cortex who describe themselves as blind do nevertheless show some responses to stimuli such as a face expression (de Gelder, Vroomen, Pourtois, & Weiskrantz, 1999; Tamietto et al., 2009; Tamietto & de Gelder, 2010). I agree that the elicitation of unconditioned and conditioned responses to these particular types of stimuli (LeDoux, 2014) is of interest (Rolls, 2014a). However, in Emotion and Decision-Making Explained, I emphasize that there aremassive cortical inputs to structures involved in emotion such as the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and that neurons in both structures can have viewinvariant responses to visual stimuli including faces which specify face identity, and can have responses that are selective for particular emotional expressions (Leonard, Rolls, Wilson, & Baylis, 1985; Rolls, 1984, 2007, 2011, 2012; Rolls, Critchley, Browning, & Inoue, 2006) which reflect the neuronal responses found in the temporal cortical and related visual areas, as we discovered (Perrett, Rolls, & Caan, 1982; Rolls, 2007, 2008a, 2011, 2012; Sanghera, Rolls, & Roper-Hall, 1979). View invariant representations are important for
A multimedia recommender integrating object features and user behavior

Despite the great amount of work done in the last decade, retrieving information of interest from a large multimedia repository still remains an open issue. In this paper, we propose an intelligent browsing system based on a novel recommendation paradigm. Our approach combines usage patters with low-level features and semantic descriptors in order to predict users’ behavior and provide effective recommendations. The proposed paradigm is very general and can be applied to any type of multimedia data. In order to make the recommender system even more flexible, we introduce the concept of multichannel browser, i.e. a browser that allows concurrent browsing of multiple media channels. We implemented a prototype of the proposed system and tested the effectiveness of our approach in a virtual museum scenario. Experimental results have proved that the system greatly enhances users’ experience, thus encouraging further research in this direction.
A comparison of patient characteristics and 30-day mortality outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement for the treatment of aortic stenosis: a two-centre study.

AIMS
It is unclear whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) addresses an unmet clinical need for those currently rejected for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and whether there is a subgroup of high-risk patients benefiting more from TAVI compared to SAVR. In this two-centre, prospective cohort study, we compared baseline characteristics and 30-day mortality between TAVI and SAVR in consecutive patients undergoing invasive treatment for aortic stenosis.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We pre-specified different adjustment methods to examine the effect of TAVI as compared with SAVR on overall 30-day mortality: crude univariable logistic regression analysis, multivariable analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics, analysis adjusted for propensity scores, propensity score matched analysis, and weighted analysis using the inverse probability of treatment (IPT) as weights. A total of 1,122 patients were included in the study: 114 undergoing TAVI and 1,008 patients undergoing SAVR. The crude mortality rate was greater in the TAVI group (9.6% vs. 2.3%) yielding an odds ratio [OR] of 4.57 (95%-CI 2.17-9.65). Compared to patients undergoing SAVR, patients with TAVI were older, more likely to be in NYHA class III and IV, and had a considerably higher logistic EuroSCORE and more comorbid conditions. Adjusted OR depended on the method used to control for confounding and ranged from 0.60 (0.11-3.36) to 7.57 (0.91-63.0). We examined the distribution of propensity scores and found scores to overlap sufficiently only in a narrow range. In patients with sufficient overlap of propensity scores, adjusted OR ranged from 0.35 (0.04-2.72) to 3.17 (0.31 to 31.9). In patients with insufficient overlap, we consistently found increased odds of death associated with TAVI compared with SAVR irrespective of the method used to control confounding, with adjusted OR ranging from 5.88 (0.67-51.8) to 25.7 (0.88-750). Approximately one third of patients undergoing TAVI were found to be potentially eligible for a randomised comparison of TAVI versus SAVR.


CONCLUSIONS
Both measured and unmeasured confounding limit the conclusions that can be drawn from observational comparisons of TAVI versus SAVR. Our study indicates that TAVI could be associated with either substantial benefits or harms. Randomised comparisons of TAVI versus SAVR are warranted.
A robust omnidirectional vision sensor for soccer robots

How to make robot vision work robustly under varying lighting conditions and without the constraint of the current color-coded environment are two of the most challenging issues in the RoboCup community. In this paper, we present a robust omnidirectional vision sensor to deal with these issues for the RoboCup Middle Size League soccer robots, in which two novel algorithms are applied. The first one is a camera parameters auto-adjusting algorithm based on image entropy. The relationship between image entropy and camera parameters is verified by experiments, and camera parameters are optimized by maximizing image entropy to adapt the output of the omnidirectional vision to the varying illumination. The second one is a ball recognition method based on the omnidirectional vision without color classification. The conclusion is derived that the ball on the field can be imaged to be an ellipse approximately in our omnidirectional vision, and the arbitrary FIFA ball can be recognized by detecting the ellipse imaged by the ball. The experimental results show that a robust omnidirectional vision sensor can be realized by using the two algorithms mentioned above. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A universal algorithm for sequential data compression

A universal algorithm for sequential data compression is presented. Its performance is investigated with respect to a nonprobabilistic model of constrained sources. The compression ratio achieved by the proposed universal code uniformly approaches the lower bounds on the compression ratios attainable by block-to-variable codes and variable-to-block codes designed to match a completely specified source.