LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving Metabolic Health in Obese Male Mice via Diet and Exercise Restores Embryo Development and Fetal Growth

Paternal obesity is now clearly associated with or causal of impaired embryo and fetal development and reduced pregnancy rates in humans and rodents. This appears to be a result of reduced blastocyst potential. Whether these adverse embryo and fetal outcomes can be ameliorated by interventions to reduce paternal obesity has not been established. Here, male mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were used, to determine if early embryo and fetal development is improved by interventions of diet (CD) and/or exercise to reduce adiposity and improve metabolism. Exercise and to a lesser extent CD in obese males improved embryo development rates, with increased cell to cell contacts in the compacting embryo measured by E-cadherin in exercise interventions and subsequently, increased blastocyst trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast cell numbers. Implantation rates and fetal development from resulting blastocysts were also improved by exercise in obese males. Additionally, all interventions to obese males increased fetal weight, with CD alone and exercise alone, also increasing fetal crown-rump length. Measures of embryo and fetal development correlated with paternal measures of glycaemia, insulin action and serum lipids regardless of paternal adiposity or intervention, suggesting a link between paternal metabolic health and subsequent embryo and fetal development. This is the first study to show that improvements to metabolic health of obese males through diet and exercise can improve embryo and fetal development, suggesting such interventions are likely to improve offspring health.
Diagnosis of foot-and mouth disease by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction under field conditions in Brazil

BACKGROUND
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important and highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. Virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the gold standard tests for diagnosis of FMD. As these methods are time consuming, assays based on viral nucleic acid amplification have been developed.


RESULTS
A previously described real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with high sensitivity and specificity under laboratorial and experimental conditions was used in the current study. To verify the applicability of this assay under field conditions in Brazil, 460 oral swabs from cattle were collected in areas free of FMD (n = 200) and from areas with outbreaks of FMD (n = 260). Three samples from areas with outbreaks of FMD were positive by real-time RT-PCR, and 2 of those samples were positive by virus isolation and ELISA. Four other samples were considered inconclusive by real-time RT-PCR (threshold cycle [Ct] > 40); whereas all 200 samples from an area free of FMD were real-time RT-PCR negative.


CONCLUSION
real-time RT-PCR is a powerful technique for reliable detection of FMDV in a fraction of the time required for virus isolation and ELISA. However, it is noteworthy that lack of infrastructure in certain areas with high risk of FMD may be a limiting factor for using real-time RT-PCR as a routine diagnostic tool.
Political Art of Bob Dylan: Revised and Expanded Second Edition

Bob Dylan is one of the most significant figures in popular culture. In this book, the authors provide a multi-faceted analysis of his political art. They address Dylan’s career as a whole, dealing with such themes as alienation, protest, non-conformity, the American Dream, modernity and postmodernism and pivotal moments of Dylan’s career such as the ‘Judas’ accusation at the 1966 Manchester Free Trade Hall concert and Dylan’s comments on the need to aid American farmers at Live Aid, 1985. Dylan’s songs are analysed for their political meaning and for the songs in contemporary American political and popular culture. As notable specialists in the fields of political theory, literary criticism and popular culture the authors examine Dylan’s work from a variety of perspectives—aesthetic theory, Kant, Adorno, Lyotard, Lorca and Collingwood. Collectively, they question how Dylan’s work relates to the theory and practice of politics. In this second revised and expanded edition, the chapters have been revised and rewritten, with a new introduction exploring the enigma of Bob Dylan throughout the whole of his career and with a completely new Bob Dylan Timeline integrating Dylan’s life, songs and actions into the historical events that shaped his views. Two new chapters have been added, one focusing on the late Dylan, Masked and Anonymous and Love and Theft and another on Dylan at Live Aid and his stance on Farm Aid. This book is a must for anyone seriously interested in the legendary Bob Dylan. [Book Synopsis]
Error detection is already helpful on the IBM 5 Q chip

This paper reports on an experiment realized on the IBM 5Q chip which demonstrates strong evidence for the advantage of using error detection and fault-tolerant design of quantum circuits. By showing that fault-tolerant quantum computation is already within our reach, the author hopes to encourage this approach.
Africa in Crisis: The Causes, the Cures of Environmental Bankruptcy

Introduction * A Continent on the Brink * Why Famine: Is The Climate Changing? * The Backdrop to Despair: Importing Poverty - The Population 'Crises' - Health and Poverty * Misuse of Land, Misuse of Water: Overcultivation - Cash Crops Versus Food Crops - Irrigation: The Need and the Reality - The Big Dam * Overgrazing and the Nomads * Forests, Fuel and Energy - Energy and Firewood * Soil and Fish: Peasant Farmers, Peasant Fishermen: Peasants and Rainfed Food Crops - Conserving Africa for Africans - The Fisheries of Africa * Apartheid: Institutionalized Bankruptcy * Conflict, Refugees and the Environment * Aid, Development and the Future: Africa, Is there Hope? References * Further Reading
Bringing Relational Data into the SemanticWeb using SPARQL and Relational.OWL

Despite all the efforts to build up a Semantic Web, where each machine can understand and interpret the data it processes, information is usually still stored in ordinary relational databases. Semantic Web applications needing access to such semantically unexploited data, have to create their own manual relational database to Semantic Web mappings. In this paper we analyze, whether the combination of Relational.OWL as a Semantic Web representation of relational databases and a semantic query language like SPARQL could be an alternative. The benefits of such an approach are clear, since it enables Semantic Web applications to access and query data actually stored in relational databases using their own built-in functionality.
Oncology: Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England

Traditional risk factors may not be the only ones implicated in oral cancer in young patients.
Early-Phase Recovery of Cardiorespiratory Measurements after Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background. This study investigated respiratory gas exchanges and heart rate (HR) kinetics during early-phase recovery after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) grouped according to airflow limitation. Methods. Thirty control individuals (control group: CG) and 81 COPD patients (45 with "mild" or "moderate" airflow limitation, COPDI-II, versus 36 with "severe" or "very severe" COPD, COPDIII-IV) performed a maximal CPET. The first 3 min of recovery kinetics was investigated for oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2), minute ventilation ([Formula: see text]), respiratory equivalence, and HR. The time for [Formula: see text]O2 to reach 25% (T1/4[Formula: see text]O2) of peak value was also determined and compared. Results. The [Formula: see text]O2, [Formula: see text], and HR recovery kinetics were significantly slower in both COPD groups than CG (p < 0.05). Moreover, COPDIII-IV group had significantly higher [Formula: see text]O2 and [Formula: see text] during recovery than COPDI-II group (p < 0.05). T1/4[Formula: see text]O2 significantly differed between groups (p < 0.01; 58 ± 18 s in CG, 79 ± 26 s in COPDI-II group, and 121 ± 34 s in COPDIII-IV) and was significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second in COPD patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.53) and with peak power output (p < 0.001, r = 0.59). Conclusion. The COPD groups showed slower kinetics in the early recovery period than CG, and the kinetics varied with severity of airflow obstruction.
Design of a Multi-Segmented Magnetic Robot for Hull Inspection

The use of a hull-climbing robot is proposed to assist hull surveyors in their inspection tasks, reducing cost and risk to personnel. A novel multisegmented hull-climbing robot with magnetic wheels is introduced where multiple two-wheeled modular segments are adjoined by flexible linkages. Compared to traditional rigid-body tracked magnetic robots that tend to detach easily in the presence of surface discontinuities, the segmented design adapts to such discontinuities with improved adhesion to the ferrous surface. Coordinated mobility is achieved with the use of a motion-control algorithm that estimates robot pose through position sensors located in each segment and linkage in order to optimally command each of the drive motors of the system. Self-powered segments and an onboard radio allow for wireless transmission of video and control data between the robot and its operator control unit. The modular-design approach of the system is highly suited for upgrading or adding segments as needed. For example, enhancing the system with a segment that supports an ultrasonic measurement device used to measure hull-thickness of corroded sites can help minimize the number of areas that a surveyor must personally visit for further inspection and repair. Future development efforts may lead to the design of autonomy segments that accept high-level commands from the operator and automatically execute wide-area inspections. It is also foreseeable that with several multi-segmented robots, a coordinated inspection task can take place in parallel, significantly reducing inspection time and cost. *aaron.burmeister@navy.mil The focus of this paper is on the development efforts of the prototype system that has taken place since 2012. Specifically, the tradeoffs of the magnetic-wheel and linkage designs are discussed and the motion-control algorithm presented. Overall system-performance results obtained from various tests and demonstrations are also reported.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELING OF GRINDING OF DUCTILE CAST IRON USING WATER BASED SiO 2 NANOCOOLANT

This paper presents optimization of the grinding progress of ductile cast iron using water-based SiO2 nanocoolant. Conventional and water-based nanocoolant grinding was performed using a precision surface grinding machine. The study is aimed to investigate the effect of table speed and depth of cut on the surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). Mathematical modeling is developed using the response surface method. An artificial neural network model is developed for predicting the surface roughness and MRR. Multi-layer perception and a batch back propagation algorithm are used. MLP is a gradient descent technique to minimize the error through a particular training pattern in which it adjusts the weight by a small amount at a time. From the experiment, the depth of cut is directly proportional to the surface roughness, but the table speed is inversely proportional to the surface roughness. The higher the value of the depth of cut, the lower the value of MRR, and vice versa for the table speed. It is concluded that the surface quality together with the material removal rate are the most affected by the depth of cut(s) and table speed.
Atom Transport Under Varying Pressure

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“Enslaved sovereign”: Aesthetics of power in Foucault, Velázquez and Ovid

Summary Michel Foucault's essay on Las Meninas has created spaces for diverse analyses of Velazquez's painting and of Foucault's reading of its intimations. My purpose in this paper is to argue for an interpretation of both painting and essay that is shaped by an exploration of aesthetics of power rather than by perspectival considerations. To further delineate Velazquez's interest in the inherently antagonistic relation between artistic expression and institutional power, I extend my inquiry to his Fable of Arachne, a painting that could have served Foucault's aesthetic and epistemological purposes well, and to a text from Ovid's Metamorphoses, in which this painting is firmly rooted.
Alternative Interfaces for Chat

We describe some common problems experienced by users of computer-based text chat, and show how many of these problems relate to the loss of timing-specific information. We suggest that thinking of chat as a real-time streaming media data type, with status and channel indicators, might solve some of these problems. We then present a number of alternative chat interfaces along with results from user studies comparing and contrasting them both with each other and with the standard chat interface. These studies show some potential, but indicate that more work needs to be done.
EXPLORING EMOTIONAL AND IMITATIONAL ANDROID-BASED INTERACTIONS IN AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

1 Interdepartmental Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Italy 2 Scientific Institute Stella Maris (IRCCS), Pisa, Italy Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have impairments in processing of social and emotional information. To widen emotive responsiveness, the employment of robotic systems to engage proactive interactive responses in children with ASDs has been recently suggested. Understanding and teaching the processing of socio-emotional abilities is the inspiring principle of this novel approach and could be of tremendous clinical significance. Encouraging studies with robotic dolls, mobile robots and humanoids acting as social mediators have provided important insights and demonstrate the necessity of long term studies. In this study we report on a series of experiments on four subjects affected by ASDs as they interact with a biomimetic android. We assessed both their spontaneous behavior and reactions to therapist presses in correlation with the time course of the physiological and behavioral data, as well as the focusing of attention towards the android’s eye movements and the spontaneous ability to imitate gesture and facial expressions. Overall, subjects demonstrated a decrease in dysfunction in the areas of social communication, implying a marked improvement in these areas after interacting with the android. EXPLORING EMOTIONAL AND IMITATIONAL ANDROID-BASED INTERACTIONS IN AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS
An Investigation of Optimal Project Scheduling and Team Staffing in Software Development using Particle Swarm Optimization

Software development organizations often struggle to deliver projects on time, within budget and with the required quality. One possible cause of this problem is poor software project management and, in particular, inadequate project scheduling and ineffective team staffing. This paper investigates the application of a particle swarm optimization algorithm to help software project managers perform these activities effectively. Specifically, the proposed approach aims to create optimal project schedules by specifying the best sequence for executing a project’s tasks and minimizing the total project duration. Simultaneously, it seeks to form skilful and productive working teams with the best utilization of developer skills. These considerations have been suitably encoded into the algorithm, with several hard constraints and objective functions appropriately formulated so as to assess the generated solutions with respect to their feasibility and also their quality. The initial results obtained are quite encouraging for the majority of the performed tests and indicate that the proposed approach is able to deal with the issues of scheduling and staffing in software project management.
Ketamine Decreases Resting State Functional Network Connectivity in Healthy Subjects: Implications for Antidepressant Drug Action

Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence underscores the strong and rapid antidepressant properties of the glutamate-modulating NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Targeting the glutamatergic system might thus provide a novel molecular strategy for antidepressant treatment. Since glutamate is the most abundant and major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, pathophysiological changes in glutamatergic signaling are likely to affect neurobehavioral plasticity, information processing and large-scale changes in functional brain connectivity underlying certain symptoms of major depressive disorder. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), the "dorsal nexus "(DN) was recently identified as a bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal cortex region showing dramatically increased depression-associated functional connectivity with large portions of a cognitive control network (CCN), the default mode network (DMN), and a rostral affective network (AN). Hence, Sheline and colleagues (2010) proposed that reducing increased connectivity of the DN might play a critical role in reducing depression symptomatology and thus represent a potential therapy target for affective disorders. Here, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover rsfMRI challenge in healthy subjects we demonstrate that ketamine decreases functional connectivity of the DMN to the DN and to the pregenual anterior cingulate (PACC) and medioprefrontal cortex (MPFC) via its representative hub, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These findings in healthy subjects may serve as a model to elucidate potential biomechanisms that are addressed by successful treatment of major depression. This notion is further supported by the temporal overlap of our observation of subacute functional network modulation after 24 hours with the peak of efficacy following an intravenous ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depression.
Estimating Harrell's Optimism on Predictive Indices Using Bootstrap Samples

In aging research, it is important to develop and validate accurate prognostic models whose predictive accuracy will not degrade when applied in external data sources. While the most common method of validation is split sample, alternative methods such as cross-validation and bootstrapping have some significant advantages. The macro that we present calculates Harrell’s optimism for logistic and Cox regression models based on either the c-statistic (for logistic) or Harrell’s c (for Cox). It allows for both stepwise and best subset variable selection methods (and can handle class variables for both methods), and uses both traditional and .632 bootstrapping methods. In addition, we present and discuss the advantages of using Best Subsets regression for model selection instead of stepwise procedures. The uses of Best Subsets regression and our Harrell_Optimism macro are demonstrated using data on post-hospitalization mortality.
Some remarks on Liouville type theorems

The goal of this note is to present elementary proofs of statements related to the Liouville theorem.
Recent theories of glasses as out of equilibrium systems

We discuss a theoretical approach to structural glasses as they happen in real situations. Older ideas based on `configurational entropy', on `fictive temperatures' and on Edwards' `compactivity' are sharpened and unified in an out of equilibrium context. The picture is such that it may be supported or disproved by an experimental test, which we describe.
Radiography of the surgical specimen in early stage breast lesions: diagnostic reliability in the analysis of the resection margins

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of specimen radiography in the assessment of the status of resection margins in early stage breast lesions. The study involved 123 consecutive patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for early stage breast lesions. Specimen radiography in the two orthogonal views and with direct magnification was obtained in all cases to assess presence or absence of the lesion, position of the lesion within the surgical specimen and direction in which to extend the excision in cases of lesions located close to the margin. Diagnostic reliability was evaluated for only 102 patients with malignant lesions. Comparison between the radiological and histological diagnoses before immediate reexcision had 66% sensitivity, 86% specificity, 74% positive predictive value and 81% negative predictive value. Definitive histological assessment of margin status, including status after reexcision, was infiltrated margins in 23 patients (23%) and clear margins in 79 patients (77%). Definitive histological assessment in 12/19 patients (63.15%) with intraoperative reexcision, confirmed margin infiltration of the first specimen. Twenty patients (20%) underwent a second surgical procedure. Specimen radiography was reliable in identifying clear margins (74% positive predictive value) and reduced the rate of reintervention from 31% to 20%. Better results will be provided by digital mammographic equipment.
A Plagiarism Detection Algorithm based on Extended Winnowing

Plagiarism is a common problem faced by academia and education. Mature commercial plagiarism detection system has the advantages of comprehensive and high accuracy, but the expensive detection costs make it unsuitable for real-time, lightweight application environment such as the student assignments plagiarism detection. This paper introduces the method of extending classic Winnowing plagiarism detection algorithm, expands the algorithm in functionality. The extended algorithm can retain the text location and length information in original document while extracting the fingerprints of a document, so that the locating and marking for plagiarism text fragment are much easier to achieve. The experimental results and several years of running practice show that the expansion of the algorithm has little effect on its performance, normal hardware configuration of PC will be able to meet small and medium-sized applications requirements. Based on the characteristics of lightweight, high efficiency, reliability and flexibility of Winnowing, the extended algorithm further enhances the adaptability and extends the