LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Research needs in manufacturing systems

This paper represents the findings of the IEEE Task Force on Research Needs in Manufacturing Systems, chaired by Yu-Chi Ho. The report was prepared for the Engineering Research Board of the National Academy of Engineering.
A randomised controlled trial of etanercept and methotrexate to induce remission in early inflammatory arthritis: the EMPIRE trial.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of etanercept (ETN) and methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX monotherapy for remission induction in patients with early inflammatory arthritis.


METHODS
In a 78-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled superiority trial, 110 DMARD-naïve patients with early clinical synovitis (≥1 tender and swollen joint, and within 3 months of diagnosis) and either rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibodies or shared epitope positive were randomised 1:1 to receive MTX+ETN or MTX+placebo (PBO) for 52 weeks. Injections (ETN or PBO) were stopped in all patients at week 52. In those with no tender or swollen joints (NTSJ) for >26 weeks, injections were stopped early. If patients had NTSJ >12 weeks after stopping the injections, MTX was weaned. The primary endpoint was NTSJ at week 52.


RESULTS
No statistically significant difference was seen for the primary endpoint (NTSJ at week 52 (32.5% vs 28.1% [adjusted OR 1.32 (0.56 to 3.09), p=0.522]) in the MTX+ETN and MTX+PBO groups, respectively). The secondary endpoints did not differ between groups at week 52 or 78. Exploratory analyses showed a higher proportions of patients with DAS28-CRP<2.6 in the MTX+ETN group at week 2 (38.5% vs 9.2%, adjusted OR 8.87 (2.53 to 31.17), p=0.001) and week 12 (65.1% vs 43.8%, adjusted OR 2.49 (1.12 to 5.54), p=0.026).


CONCLUSIONS
In this group of patients with early inflammatory arthritis, almost a third had no tender, swollen joints after 1 year. MTX+ETN was not superior to MTX monotherapy in achieving this outcome. Clinical responses, however, including DAS28-CRP<2.6, were achieved earlier with MTX+ETN combination therapy.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
The EMPIRE trial is registered on the following trial registries: Eudract-2005-005467-29; ISRCTN 55428162 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN55428162/EMPIRE). The full trial protocol can be obtained from the corresponding author.
Arithmetic Coding for Data Compression

The state of the art in data compression is arithmetic coding, not the better-known Huffman method. Arithmetic coding gives greater compression, is faster for adaptive models, and clearly separates the model from the channel encoding.
Improving forecasts of GARCH family models with the artificial neural networks: An application to the daily returns in Istanbul Stock Exchange

In the study, we discussed the ARCH/GARCH family models and enhanced them with artificial neural networks to evaluate the volatility of daily returns for 23.10.1987–22.02.2008 period in Istanbul Stock Exchange. We proposed ANN-APGARCH model to increase the forecasting performance of APGARCH model. The ANN-extended versions of the obtained GARCH models improved forecast results. It is noteworthy that daily returns in the ISE show strong volatility clustering, asymmetry and nonlinearity characteristics. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Compressed Inverted Indexes for In-Memory Search Engines

We present the algorithmic core of a full text data base that allows fast Boolean queries, phrase queries, and document reporting using less space than the input text. The system uses a carefully choreographed combination of classical data compression techniques and inverted index based search data structures. It outperforms suffix array based techniques for all the above operations for real world (natural language) texts.
Dynamic Capabilities and the Role of Managers in Business Strategy and Economic Performance

This paper discusses some developments in the theory of the organizational capabilities of the business enterprise. Antecedents are recognized, and some promising new developments and areas for future research are identified. The role of managers in the economic system is highlighted and discussed within the context of economic and organizational research. Suggestions for future developments of dynamic capability research involve employment of evolutionary and behavioral theories.
THE COBE DIFFUSE INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT SEARCH FOR THE COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND . I . LIMITS AND DETECTIONS

The Di†use Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft was designed primarily to conduct a systematic search for an isotropic cosmic infrared background (CIB) in 10 photometric bands from 1.25 to 240 km. The results of that search are presented here. Conservative limits on the CIB are obtained from the minimum observed brightness in all-sky maps at each wavelength, with the faintest limits in the DIRBE spectral range being at 3.5 km (lIl \ 64 nW m~2 sr~1, 95% conÐdence level) and at 240 km nW m~2 sr~1, 95% conÐdence level). The (lIl\ 28 bright foregrounds from interplanetary dust scattering and emission, stars, and interstellar dust emission are the principal impediments to the DIRBE measurements of the CIB. These foregrounds have been modeled and removed from the sky maps. Assessment of the random and systematic uncertainties in the residuals and tests for isotropy show that only the 140 and 240 km data provide candidate detections of the CIB. The residuals and their uncertainties provide CIB upper limits more restrictive than the dark sky limits at wavelengths from 1.25 to 100 km. No plausible solar system or Galactic source of the observed 140 and 240 km residuals can be identiÐed, leading to the conclusion that the CIB has been detected at levels of and 14^ 3 nW m~2 sr~1 at 140 and 240 km, respectively. The intelIl\ 25 ^ 7 grated energy from 140 to 240 km, 10.3 nW m~2 sr~1, is about twice the integrated optical light from the galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field, suggesting that star formation might have been heavily enshrouded by dust at high redshift. The detections and upper limits reported here provide new constraints on models of the history of energy-releasing processes and dust production since the decoupling of the cosmic microwave background from matter. Subject headings : cosmology : observations È di†use radiation È infrared : general
From Graph Theory to Network Science: The Natural Emergence of Hyperbolicity (Tutorial)

Network science is driven by the question which properties large real-world networks have and how we can exploit them algorithmically. In the past few years, hyperbolic graphs have emerged as a very promising model for scale-free networks. The connection between hyperbolic geometry and complex networks gives insights in both directions: (1) Hyperbolic geometry forms the basis of a natural and explanatory model for real-world networks. Hyperbolic random graphs are obtained by choosing random points in the hyperbolic plane and connecting pairs of points that are geometrically close. The resulting networks share many structural properties for example with online social networks like Facebook or Twitter. They are thus well suited for algorithmic analyses in a more realistic setting. (2) Starting with a real-world network, hyperbolic geometry is well-suited for metric embeddings. The vertices of a network can be mapped to points in this geometry, such that geometric distances are similar to graph distances. Such embeddings have a variety of algorithmic applications ranging from approximations based on efficient geometric algorithms to greedy routing solely using hyperbolic coordinates for navigation decisions. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Computing methodologies → Network science
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors: a prospective study in 77 operated patients.

CONTEXT
Most adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs). Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare but should be recognized at an early stage.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) to predict malignancy in patients without a previous history of cancer.


DESIGN
This was a prospective, multicenter study from 2001 to 2006.


SETTING
The study was conducted at a network of seven university hospitals in Paris.


PATIENTS
Seventy-seven patients were included. All underwent surgery because of hypersecretory and/or growing benign lesions (n = 18), obvious ACCs (n = 21), or radiologically indeterminate lesions (n = 38).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The degree of (18)F-FDG PET uptake [maximum standardized uptake value (maxSUV)] was related to the pathological findings serving as a reference, and its diagnostic value was compared with that of computerized tomography (CT) scan.


RESULTS
Pathology eventually diagnosed 43 ACAs, 22 ACCs, and 12 nonadrenocortical lesions. Using a cutoff value above 1.45 for adrenal to liver maxSUV ratio, the sensitivity and specificity to distinguish ACAs from ACCs were, respectively, 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.85-1.00) and 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.96). Among the 38 indeterminate lesions at CT scan, we could analyze a subgroup of 16 adrenocortical tumors with high unenhanced density (>10 HU) and an inappropriate washout: (18)F-FDG PET correctly predicted the benignity in 13 of 15 ACAs.


CONCLUSIONS
In a multidisciplinary team approach, (18)F-FDG PET helps to manage suspicious CT scan lesions. An adrenal to liver maxSUV ratio less than 1.45 is highly predictive of a benign lesion.
Practical delegation of computation using multiple servers

The current move to Cloud Computing raises the need for verifiable delegation of computations, where a weak client delegates his computation to a powerful server, while maintaining the ability to verify that the result is correct. Although there are prior solutions to this problem, none of them is yet both general and practical for real-world use. We demonstrate a relatively efficient and general solution where the client delegates the computation to several servers, and is guaranteed to determine the correct answer as long as even a single server is honest. We show: A protocol for any efficiently computable function, with logarithmically many rounds, based on any collision-resistant hash family. The protocol is set in terms of Turing Machines but can be adapted to other computation models. An adaptation of the protocol for the X86 computation model and a prototype implementation, called Quin, for Windows executables. We describe the architecture of Quin and experiment with several parameters on live clouds. We show that the protocol is practical, can work with nowadays clouds, and is efficient both for the servers and for the client.
Diabetes mellitus and gait dysfunction: possible explanatory factors.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Gait characteristics differ in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. Limited information regarding potential explanatory factors for this association exists. This study examined the association between diabetes and gait characteristics in older adults and explored potential explanatory factors.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional, observational study design was used.


METHODS
At the 1998-1999 clinic visit, 558 ambulatory older adults (mean age=79 years) from the Pittsburgh site of the Cardiovascular Health Study had an assessment of their gait characteristics, diabetes, health status, cognition, mood, lower-extremity circulation and sensation, vision, lower-extremity strength (force-producing capacity), physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). A series of linear regression models were developed to examine the association between diabetes and gait characteristics and to examine potential explanatory factors for the associations.


RESULTS
Diabetes was related to gait speed (beta=-.06 m/s); however, the association was partially explained by health status variables, cognition, mood, lower-extremity circulation and sensation, visual impairment, lower-extremity strength, physical activity, and BMI. Health status and lower-extremity strength each explained the greatest proportion of the association (beta reduced 66% by each). Diabetes was related to step width (beta=.02 m), and the association could not be explained by the examined factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes was associated with gait alterations in older adults. Slowed gait speed appears to be secondary to the peripheral effect of the disease on other body systems. The effect of diabetes on step width was not explained in the analyses and may be related to peripheral motor nerve function or central influences of the disease, which could not be assessed in this study.
Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms

This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brain-body mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in "emotional" brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognized factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post-prandially, post-exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.
Modularization and Hierarchy in a Family of Operating Systems

This paper describes the design philosophy used in the construction of a family of operating systems. It is shown that the concepts of module and level do not coincide in a hierarchy of functions. Family members can share much software as a result of the implementation of run-time modules at the lowest system level.
The role of mindfulness and psychological capital on the well-being of leaders.

In today's highly competitive and extremely complex global economy, organizational leaders at all levels are facing unprecedented challenges. Yet, some seem to be handling the pressure better than others. Utilizing 4 samples of CEOs/presidents/top (n = 205), middle (n = 183), and junior (n = 202) managers, as well as 107 entrepreneurs, using Structural Equation Modeling we tested the direct effect that their level of mindfulness (heightened awareness) and the mediating effect of their psychological capital (i.e., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism) may have on their mental well-being. In all 4 samples, mindfulness was found to be negatively related to various dysfunctional outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and negative affect of the managerial leaders and burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and cynicism) of the entrepreneurs. For all 4 samples, the model with psychological capital mediating the effects of mindfulness on dysfunctional outcomes fit the data best. The study limitations, future research and practical implications of these findings conclude the article.
Design of anthropomorphic dexterous hand with passive joints and sensitive soft skins

Installation of passive elements on the skin (whole-part covered soft skin) and inside joints of the robotic hand becomes a key-technology to remarkably enhance the stability of object handling and manipulation and adaptability to external forces. Based on this idea, in this paper a sophisticated mechanism design of TWENDY-ONE hands with mechanical springs in DIP and MP joints and whole-part covered soft skins is presented. In addition, we present a design method of tactile sensors for highly dexterous robotic hand, whish are necessary for recognition of volume and softness of objects grasped as well as improvement of handling and manipulation more stably. Evaluation experiments focusing on kitchen supports using TWENDY-ONE hands indicate that this new robot has high dexterity due to the hand and will be extremely useful to enhance the quality of life for the elderly in the near future where human and robot co-exist.
Fundamental Research in Ceramics.

Abstract : Electrical conductivity measurements on high purity polycrystalline specimens of TiO2 indicate that the influence of impurities on the defect structure is not as great as in less pure single crystals. Thermoluminescent data obtained on polycrystalline ZnO are presented and interpreted in terms of a copper impurity - zinc vacancy defect complex.
Review: The Organs of J. S. Bach: A Handbook

The Organs of J. S. Bach: A Handbook , by Christoph Wolff and Markus Zepf. Translation by Lynn Edwards Butler. Introduction by Christoph Wolff. Published in cooperation with the American Bach Society. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2012. xxv, 208 pp.

 J. S. Bach at His Royal Instrument: Essays on His Organ Works , by Russell Stinson. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. xi, 203 pp.

 Bach's Feet: The Organ Pedals in European Culture , by David Yearsley. Musical Performance and Reception. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. xiv, 298 pp.

Ever since the ancient Greeks, technological innovation has been a driving force in Western civilization. Inventions such as the repeating rifle, the battleship, nuclear weapons, and drones have revolutionized relationships and interactions among peoples, nations, empires, and alliances. Notation, the printing press, the invention and improvement of instruments, electronic synthesis, the computer, sampling, and the internet have successively disrupted and revolutionized the fields of music and musicology. Among musical instruments, the organ has been especially susceptible to technological changes—from the water organs of Egypt, to the powerful mechanical-action instruments of J. S. Bach's day, to the electro-pneumatic action pipe organs of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, to analog, digitized, and sampled electronic instruments of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Three recent publications focused on one of the oldest topics in music scholarship—J. S. Bach as organist, organ composer, organ expert, and canonic culture-hero—offer new perspectives and insights. The Handbook by Christoph Wolff and Markus Zepf leads us into experiential engagement with Bach's instruments—a scholarly guidebook to the organological landscape. Russell Stinson's collection of essays provides new studies concerning the historical construction of Bach the Organist. And David Yearsley's Bach's Feet shows us how knowledge of Bach research of the past sixty-five years can be blended with insights derived from new ways of musicological thinking—such as compositional procedure, carnal musicology, disability studies, memory studies, politics, and others—to produce thematically based narratives which, at times, have the page-turning qualities of a Dan Brown novel.

“Historically informed performance” is a widely (though not universally) endorsed musicological aspiration, and nowhere is it more relevant than with respect to music for the organ, of which Bach's compositions comprise a substantial percentage of the repertory. Understanding how an organ work was originally created for a vast cathedral, a city church, a castle chapel, or a …
Endurance and strength training in patients with COPD.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of endurance training only to endurance plus strength (combined) training in a randomized trial of patients with COPD.


METHODS
Twenty-four patients completed the study: 11 patients in the combined training group (FEV(1) 45 +/- 5% predicted), and 13 patients in the endurance training group (FEV(1) 40 +/- 4% predicted) [mean +/- SE]. Muscle strength, quality of life, exercise performance, and quadriceps fatigability were measured before and after rehabilitation.


RESULTS
Combined training led to significant improvements in quadriceps (23.6%), hamstring (26.7), pectoralis major (17.5%), and latissimus dorsi (20%) muscle strength. Endurance training alone did not produce significant improvements in muscle strength: quadriceps (1.1% decrease), hamstring (12.2% increase), pectoralis major (7.8% increase), and latissimus dorsi (2.8% decrease). The increase in strength after training was significantly greater in the combined group compared to the endurance group for the quadriceps and latissimus dorsi muscles but not for the hamstring and pectoralis major muscles. Six-minute walk distance, endurance exercise time, and quality of life (as measured by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire) significantly increased in both groups after rehabilitation with no significant differences in the extent of improvement between groups. The extent of improvement in quadriceps fatigability after training (assessed by quadriceps twitch force before and after exercise) was not significantly different between groups.


CONCLUSION
Strength training can lead to significant improvement in muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD. However, this improvement in muscle strength does not translate into additional improvement in quality of life, exercise performance or quadriceps fatigability compared to that achieved by endurance exercise alone.
Iterative gradient projection algorithm for two-dimensional compressive sensing sparse image reconstruction

The basic theories and techniques in compressive sensing (CS) are established on the sampling and reconstruction of one-dimensional (1D) signals. When it is applied to twodimensional (2D) images, the images are first stacked in a large vector. However, this vectorization not only destroys the spatial structure of the 2D image, but also increases computational complexity and memory requirements. As a result, some researchers proposed the concept of 2D CS. The major challenge of 2D CS is to design a reconstruction algorithm that can directly reconstruct the 2D image data from the 2D random projection. In this paper, a 2D CS sparse image reconstruction algorithm based on iterative gradient projection is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the sparse solution is searched iteratively in the 2D solution space and then updated by gradient descent of the total variation (TV) and bivariate shrinkage in the dual-tree discrete wavelet transform (DDWT) domain. Numerous experiments are performed on several natural images. Compared with several state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more efficient and robust, not only yielding higher peak-signal-to-noise ratio but also reconstructing images of better subjective visual quality. & 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.