LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a hybrid power system for economic analysis and environmental impact in HOMER

This paper shows the way to design the aspects of a hybrid power system that will target remote users. It emphasizes the renewable hybrid power system to obtain a reliable autonomous system with the optimization of the components size and the improvement of the capital cost. The system can provide electricity for a remote located village. The main power of the hybrid system comes from the photovoltaic panels and wind generators, while the fuel cell and batteries are used as backup units. The optimization software used for this paper is HOMER. HOMER is a design model that determines the optimal architecture and control strategy of the hybrid system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid system would be a feasible solution for distributed generation of electric power for stand-alone applications at remote locations.
Image Steganography: A Review

Steganography can be defined as the study of invisible communication that usually deals with the ways of hiding the existence of the communicated message. If it is achieved successfully, the message does not attract attention from eavesdroppers and attackers. The main objectives of steganography are undetectability, robustness (resistance to various image processing methods and compression) and capacity of the hidden data. These are the main factors which make it different from other techniques watermarking and cryptography. This paper includes the important steganography methods and the main focus is on the review of steganography in digital images. Keywords—Adaptive steganography, Frequency domain, Image steganography, Spatial domain, Steganography.
Hot flushes, coronary heart disease, and hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine interactions between hot flushes, estrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT), and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in postmenopausal women with CHD.


METHODS
We analyzed data from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate in 2,763 postmenopausal women with CHD. Hot flushes were assessed at baseline using self-administered questionnaires; women reporting bothersome hot flushes "some" to "all" of the time were considered to have clinically significant flushing. Cox regression models were used to examine the effect of EPT on risk of CHD events among women with and without significant flushing at baseline.


RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 66.7 +/- 6.8 years, and 89% (n = 2,448) were white. Sixteen percent (n = 434) of participants reported clinically significant hot flushes at baseline. Among women with baseline flushing, EPT increased risk of CHD events nine-fold in the first year compared with placebo (hazard ratio = 9.01; 95% CI, 1.15-70.35); among women without baseline flushing, treatment did not significantly affect CHD event risk in the first year (hazard ratio = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.86-2.03; P = 0.07 for interaction of hot flushes with treatment). The trend toward differential effects of EPT on risk for CHD among women with and without baseline flushing did not persist after the first year of treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Among older postmenopausal women with CHD, EPT may increase risk of CHD events substantially in the first year of treatment among women with clinically significant hot flushes but not among those without hot flushes.
Blood transfusion for acute decompensated heart failure--friend or foe?

BACKGROUND
In acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), blood transfusion (BT) has been associated with worse outcomes. The impact of BT among patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains unknown.


METHODS
Propensity score analysis of patients with ADHF with and without BT in a national heart failure (HF) survey was used in this study.


RESULTS
Of the 4,102 enrolled patients, 2,335 had ADHF, of whom 166 (7.1%) received BT. These patients were older (75.6% vs 73.6%, P = .04), more likely to be females (54.8% vs 43.9%, P = .007), more likely to have diabetes (59.0% vs 51.1%, P = .04) and renal dysfunction (59.0% vs 40.2%, P < .001), and more likely to receive inotropes (16.9% vs 8.0%, P < .001), but they had similar rates of ACS (41.0% vs 39.4%, P = .69) and prior HF (64.5% vs 70.0%, P = .23). Nadir hemoglobin levels were commonly <10 g/dL in BT patients (92.7% vs 8.0%); 15 BT patients had bleeding complications, of which 10 are major bleeding. Major predictors for BT were ACS (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.15-2.96), inotropes use (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.22-4.55), and nadir hemoglobin (OR 0.18 per 1 g/dL increase, 95% CI 0.14-0.22). In-hospital, 30-day, 1-year, and 4-year unadjusted mortality rates were higher for BT patients (10.8% vs 5.2%, P = .02; 11.0% vs 8.5%, P = .27; 39.6% vs 28.5%, P = .03; 69.5% vs 59.5%, P = .01, respectively). However, in 103 propensity-matched pairs (c-statistic 0.97), short-term mortality tended to be lower with BT (8.7% vs 14.6%, P = .20; 9.7% vs 18.4%, P = .08; 38.8% vs 42.7%, P = .59; and 72.8% vs 76.7%, P = .52, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Acute decompensated HF patients receiving BT had worse clinical features and unadjusted outcomes, but BT per se seemed to be safe and perhaps even beneficial.
High-frequency transducers based on integrated piezoelectric thick films for medical imaging

A screen-printed PZT thick film with a final thickness of about 40 mum was deposited on a porous PZT substrate to obtain an integrated structure for ultrasonic transducer applications. This process makes it possible to decrease the number of steps in the fabrication of high-frequency, single-element transducers. The porous PZT substrates allow high acoustic impedance and attenuation to be obtained, satisfying transducer backing requirements for medical imaging. The piezoelectric thick films deliver high electromechanical performance, comparable to that of standard bulk ceramics (thickness coupling factor over 45%). Based on these structures, high-frequency transducers with a center frequency of about 25 MHz were produced and characterized. As a result, good sensitivity and axial resolution were obtained in comparison with similar transducers integrating a lead titanate (PT) disk as active material. The two transducers were integrated into a high-frequency imaging system, and comparative skin images are shown
The Cricket indoor location system

Indoor environments present opportunities for a rich set of location-aware applications such as navigation tools for humans and robots, interactive virtual games, resource discovery, asset tracking, location-aware sensor networking etc. Typical indoor applications require better accuracy than what current outdoor location systems provide. Outdoor location technologies such as GPS have poor indoor performance because of the harsh nature of indoor environments. Further, typical indoor applications require different types of location information such as physical space, position and orientation. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of the Cricket indoor location system that provides accurate location in the form of user space, position and orientation to mobile and sensor network applications. Cricket consists of location beacons that are attached to the ceiling of a building, and receivers, called listeners, attached to devices that need location. Each beacon periodically transmits its location information in an RF message. At the same time, the beacon also transmits an ultrasonic pulse. The listeners listen to beacon transmissions and measure distances to nearby beacons, and use these distances to compute their own locations. This active-beacon passive-listener architecture is scalable with respect to the number of users, and enables applications that preserve user privacy. This dissertation describes how Cricket achieves accurate distance measurements between beacons and listeners. Once the beacons are deployed, the MAT and AFL algorithms, described in this dissertation, use measurements taken at a mobile listener to configure the beacons with a coordinate assignment that reflects the beacon layout. This dissertation presents beacon interference avoidance and detection algorithms, as well as outlier rejection algorithms to prevent and filter out outlier distance estimates caused by uncoordinated beacon transmissions. The Cricket listeners can measure distances with an accuracy of 5 cm. The listeners can detect boundaries with an accuracy of 1 cm. Cricket has a position estimation accuracy of 10 cm and an orientation accuracy of 3 degrees. Thesis Supervisor: Hari Balakrishnan Title: Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Participant satisfaction in a study of stimulant, parent training, and risperidone in children with severe physical aggression.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of families who participated in the Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) study.


METHODS
TOSCA was a randomized clinical trial of psychostimulant plus parent training plus placebo (basic treatment) versus psychostimulant plus parent training plus risperidone (augmented treatment) for children with severe physical aggression, disruptive behavior disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Parents completed a standardized Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ).


RESULTS
Of the 168 families randomized, 150 (89.3%) provided consumer satisfaction data. When they were asked if they would join the study again if they had the option to repeat, 136 (91%) said "yes," 11 (7%) said "maybe," and one (<1%) said "no." When asked if they would recommend the study to other parents with children having similar problems, 147 (98%) said "yes" and 3 (2%) said "maybe." Between 71% (rating one aspect of the Parent Training) and 96% (regarding the diagnostic interview) endorsed study procedures using the most positive response option. Asked if there were certain aspects of the study that they especially liked, 64 (43%) spontaneously reported parent training. Treatment assignment (basic vs. augmented) and responder status were not associated with reported satisfaction. However, responder status was strongly associated with parent confidence in managing present (p<0.001) and future (p<0.005) problem behaviors.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate high levels of satisfaction with TOSCA study involvement and, taken together with previous pediatric psychopharmacology social validity studies, suggest high levels of support for the research experience. These findings may inform research bioethics and may have implications for deliberations of institutional review boards.


TRIAL REGISTRY
Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (The TOSCA Study), NCT00796302, clinicaltrials.gov .
A hybrid of fuzzy and fuzzy self-tuning PID controller for servo electro-hydraulic system

Because of the existing hybrid fuzzy PID controller does not perform well when applied to servo electro-hydraulic system (SEHS). Forasmuch, when the system parameters changes will require a new adjustment variable of PID controller. Therefore, a hybrid of fuzzy and fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is proposed in this paper. The proposed control scheme is separated into two parts, fuzzy controller and fuzzy self-tuning PID controller. Fuzzy controller is used to control systems when the output value of system far away from the target value. Fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is applied when the output value is near the desired value. In the terms of adjusting the PID parameters are tuned by using fuzzy tuner as to obtain the optimum value. We demonstrate the performance of control scheme via experiments performed on the motor speed control of the SEHS. The results from the experiments show that the proposed a hybrid of fuzzy and fuzzy self-tuning PID controller has superior performance compared to a hybrid of fuzzy and PID controller.
Treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a comparison of calcium polystyrene sulphonate and sodium polystyrene sulphonate.

BACKGROUND
Hyperkalemia is one of the most dreadful complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Medical management includes use of cation exchange resins to reduce the amount of excessive potassium from the body. Sodium polystyrene sulphonate (SPS) and calcium polystyrene sulphonate (CPS) are currently used for hyperklemia of CKD all over the world. The objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of two different cation exchange resins (CPS and SPS) in patients of CKD with hyperkalemia.


METHODS
This randomized control trial was done at the Kidney Centre, Post Graduate Training Institute (PGTi), Karachi, Pakistan between 15 January 2010 till 31st December 2010 to compare the efficacy and safety of, CPS and SPS in 97 CKD patients with hyperkalemia. The subjects were divided in two groups. Group-A received CPS while group-B received SPS. The data included symptoms, food recall, physical signs of volume overload and electrolytes. After receiving potassium binding resin for 3 days patients were evaluated for symptoms, weight gain, worsening of blood pressure and effect on electrolytes. Adverse events were recorded in an event reporting form.


RESULTS
Average potassium level pre resin was 5.8_0.26 in group-A and 5.8±0.6 in group-B, which reduced to 4.8±0.5 in group-A and 4.3±0.53 in group-B suggesting the efficacy of both drugs for treatment of hyperkalemia in CKD patients. Systolic blood pressure remains stable in both the groups while an increase in diastolic blood pressure was noticed in group-B patients (p-value 0.004). No major adverse effect occurred in both the groups.


CONCLUSION
Both CPS and SPS can be used effectively for reducing hyperkalemia of CKD. CPS showed fewer side effects as compared to SPS.
Fully Mechanized Proofs of Dilworths Theorem and Mirskys Theorem

We present two fully mechanized proofs of Dilworths and Mirskys theorems in the Coq proof assistant. Dilworths Theorem states that in any finite partially ordered set (poset), the size of a smallest chain cover and a largest antichain are the same. Mirskys Theorem is a dual of Dilworths Theorem. We formalize the proofs by Perles [2] (for Dilworths Theorem) and by Mirsky [5] (for the dual theorem). We also come up with a library of definitions and facts that can be used as a framework for formalizing other theorems on finite posets.
Mathematical programming for piecewise linear regression analysis

In data mining, regression analysis is a computational tool that predicts continuous output variables from a number of independent input variables, by approximating their complex inner relationship. A large number of methods have been successfully proposed, based on various methodologies, including linear regression, support vector regression, neural network, piece-wise regression etc. In terms of piece-wise regression, the existing methods in literature are usually restricted to problems of very small scale, due to their inherent non-linear nature. In this work, a more efficient piece-wise regression method is introduced based on a novel integer linear programming formulation. The proposed method partitions one input variable into multiple mutually exclusive segments, and fits one multivariate linear regression function per segment to minimise the total absolute error. Assuming both the single partition feature and the number of regions are known, the mixed integer linear model is proposed to simultaneously determine the locations of multiple break-points and regression coefficients for each segment. Furthermore, an efficient heuristic procedure is presented to identify the key partition feature and final number of break-points. 7 real world problems covering several application domains have been used to demon∗Corresponding author: Tel.: +442076792563; Fax.: +442073882348 Email addresses: lingjian.yang.10@ucl.ac.uk (Lingjian Yang), s.liu@ucl.ac.uk (Songsong Liu), sophia.tsoka@kcl.ac.uk (Sophia Tsoka), l.papageorgiou@ucl.ac.uk (Lazaros G. Papageorgiou) Preprint submitted to Journal of Expert Systems with Applications August 12, 2015 Accepted Manuscript of a publised work apears its final form in Expert Systems with Applications. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.08.034. Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND user license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Automatic exploit generation

The idea is to identify security-critical software bugs so they can be fixed first.
Mokken scaling and principal components analyses of the CORE-OM in a large clinical sample.

In a sample of 543 adult National Health Service (NHS) patients referred to a Psychological Therapies Service, the responses to the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) self-report questionnaire were examined using conventional principal components analysis (PCA) and a unique application of Mokken Scaling Procedure (MSP). Following the theoretical views of G. A. Foulds, it was suggested that some items more properly belong to the universe of attitudes and traits rather than that of symptoms and states. Accordingly, the analyses were carried out both with and without the CORE-OM Risk domain items. Both PCAs produced a very large first component of Psychological distress, while the small second component differs. With all items included, the second component was of Risk. With the risk items excluded, the second component was now Functioning. The MSP results, respectively, were of a five-item scale of Functioning (impaired by depression) and on the second analysis, a five-item Functioning scale (impaired by anxiety). There was discussion on the criteria for item selection, the time scale specified in questionnaire instructions and the optimum number of items required for a symptom scale. It was concluded that the CORE-OM item pool did not conform to its purported face validity domains and subdomains, but predominantly constitutes a large Psychological distress scale with considerable item redundancy.
Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Teaching of English and Chinese Idioms

This paper talks about the relationship between conceptual metaphor and semantic motivation of English and Chinese idioms from three aspects, namely, structural metaphor, orientation metaphor and ontological metaphor. Based on that, the author puts forward applying conceptual metaphor theory to English and Chinese idiom teaching.
Transient high temperatures in mantle plume heads inferred from magnesian olivines in Phanerozoic picrites

Both scaled laboratory experiments and numerical models of terrestrial mantle plumes produce ‘balloon-on-a-string’ structures, with a bulbous head followed by a stem-like tail. Discussions have focused on whether their initial upwelling heads are hotter than the tails or cooler, as a result of entrainment of ambient mantle during ascent, and also on whether initial plume upwelling is a newtonian or non-newtonian process. The temperature of the mantle delivered to the base of the lithosphere is a critical parameter in such debates. Dry continental magmas can normally contribute little to this topic because their hottest (ultramafic) examples can be expected to be trapped, owing to their density, beneath the Moho. Here we report a rare case in which olivine (with 93.3% forsterite; Mg2SiO 4) phenocrysts, precipitated from an unerupted komatiitic melt (∼24% MgO) of the Tristan mantle plume head 132 Myr ago, were carried to upper-crust levels in northwest Namibia by less Mg-rich (9.6–18.5% MgO) magmas. We infer that the hidden melt, generated when the plume impinged on the base of the lithosphere, originated in the mantle with a potential temperature of ∼1,700 °C. This is ∼400 °C above ambient and much hotter than the temperatures previously calculated for steady-state Phanerozoic mantle plumes. Published data show that the same conclusion can be reached for the initial Iceland and Galapagos plumes.
Identifying natural and artificial odours through noise analysis with a sampling-and-hold electronic nose

A sampling-and-hold type electronic nose was used to investigatè`frozen'' sensor dynamics. The sensor was heated to the sensing temperature and exposed to a chemical environment for a short time. Then, while keeping the sensor in the chemical environment, the heating was switched off so that the sensor cooled down to room temperature. Chemicals species become trapped in the sensor ®lm, and therefore, the current transport in the ®lm is changed. The trapped chemicals are usually located at grain boundaries, and they in¯uence the charge transport in the grains and between the grains. This gives random ¯uctuations to the local conductivity. Resistance noise was employed to extract chemical information from the sensor in the cold state.
The Science and Theory behind Facial Aging

SUMMARY
The etiology of age-related facial changes has many layers. Multiple theories have been presented over the past 50-100 years with an evolution of understanding regarding facial changes related to skin, soft tissue, muscle, and bone. This special topic will provide an overview of the current literature and evidence and theories of facial changes of the skeleton, soft tissues, and skin over time.
Effect of sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on sow and piglet colonization and seroconversion, and pig lung lesions at slaughter.

The objectives of the present study were to compare Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) colonization and serologic status on Mh vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows and to assess the effect of sow vaccination on colonization and serologic status of their piglets at weaning as well as presence of enzootic pneumonia (EP) lung lesions at slaughter. Fifty sows (25 vaccinated and 25 unvaccinated) as well as five of their piglets were included in the study. Blood samples and nasal swabs from sows at 7 weeks pre-farrowing and 1 week post-farrowing and from piglets at 3-4 weeks of age were taken. Nasal swabs and sera were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) to detect Mh DNA and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect antibodies to the pathogen, respectively. Finally, at 23 weeks of age, pigs were sent to the slaughter where the extension of EP-compatible gross lesions was assessed. Vaccination with two doses of Mh vaccine resulted in a significantly higher (p<0.05) percentage of seropositive sows than in the non-vaccinated group at 1 week post-farrowing. On the contrary, no statistical significant differences were found in the number of nasal nPCR positive sows among different treatments (p>0.05). At 3-4 weeks of age, a significantly higher percentage (p<0.001) of seropositive piglets came from vaccinated than from non-vaccinated sows. Although the number of Mh infected piglets coming from non-vaccinated sows was higher than the one from vaccinated sows, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Overall, piglets from vaccinated sows had a significant lower (p<0.05) mean of EP-compatible lung lesions (1.83+/-2.8) than piglets from non-vaccinated sows (3.02+/-3.6). Under the conditions described in this study, sow vaccination did not affect sow or piglet colonization but increased the percentage of seropositive sows and piglets at weaning and reduced significantly the mean EP-compatible lung lesion scoring at slaughter.