LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A premenarcheal girl with urogenital bleeding.

An 8-year-old Caucasian girl was referred with perineal bleeding of sudden onset during micturition. There was no history of trauma, fever or dysuria, but she had a history of constipation. Family history was unremarkable. Physical examination showed a prepubertal girl with a red ‘doughnut’-shaped lesion surrounding the urethral meatus (figure 1). Laboratory findings, including platelet count and coagulation, were normal. A vaginoscopy, performed using sedation, was negative. Swabs tested negative for sexually transmitted pathogens. A diagnosis of urethral prolapse (UP) was made on clinical appearance. Treatment with topical oestrogen cream was started and constipation treated with oral polyethylene glycol. On day 10, the bleeding stopped, and at week 5 there was a moderate regression of the UP. However, occasional mild bleeding persisted at 10 months, so she was referred to a urologist (figure 2). UP is an eversion of the distal urethral mucosa through the external meatus. It is most commonly seen in postmenopausal women and is uncommon in prepubertal girls. UP is rare in Caucasian children and more common in patients of African descent. 2 It may be asymptomatic or present with bleeding, spotting or urinary symptoms. The exact pathophysiological process of UP is unknown. Increased intra-abdominal pressure with straining, inadequate periurethral supporting tissue, neuromuscular dysfunction and a relative oestrogen deficiency are possible predisposing factors. Differential diagnoses include ureterocele, polyps, tumours and non-accidental injury. 3 Management options include conservative treatments such as tepid water baths and topical oestrogens. Surgery is indicated if bleeding, dysuria or pain persist. 5 Vaginoscopy in this case was possibly unnecessary, as there were no signs of trauma to the perineal area or other concerning signs or history of abuse. In the presence of typical UP, invasive diagnostic procedures should not be considered as first-line investigations and they should be reserved for cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology.

OBJECTIVE
Although the underlying cause of Huntington's disease (HD) is well established, the actual pathophysiological processes involved remain to be fully elucidated. In other proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, there is evidence for impairments of the cerebral vasculature as well as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which have been suggested to contribute to their pathophysiology. We investigated whether similar changes are also present in HD.


METHODS
We used 3- and 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging as well as postmortem tissue analyses to assess blood vessel impairments in HD patients. Our findings were further investigated in the R6/2 mouse model using in situ cerebral perfusion, histological analysis, Western blotting, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy.


RESULTS
We found mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) aggregates to be present in all major components of the neurovascular unit of both R6/2 mice and HD patients. This was accompanied by an increase in blood vessel density, a reduction in blood vessel diameter, as well as BBB leakage in the striatum of R6/2 mice, which correlated with a reduced expression of tight junction-associated proteins and increased numbers of transcytotic vesicles, which occasionally contained mHtt aggregates. We confirmed the existence of similar vascular and BBB changes in HD patients.


INTERPRETATION
Taken together, our results provide evidence for alterations in the cerebral vasculature in HD leading to BBB leakage, both in the R6/2 mouse model and in HD patients, a phenomenon that may, in turn, have important pathophysiological implications.
Public Sector Sponsored Continuous Vocational Training in East Germany: Institutional Arrangements, Participants, and Results of Empirical Evaluations

After unification of the East and West German economies in July 1990 the public sector devoted substantial resources to train the labour force of the former centrally planned East German economy. In this paper we describe the basic trends of the rules and regulations governing these efforts. We supplement this description with empirical stylized facts. Additionally, we report evaluations of the effects of this policy for training participants beginning their training between mid 1990 and early 1993. These evaluations are based on micro data from the Socio-economic Panel (1990-1994) which allows us to follow the individuals ́ labour market status before and after training on a monthly and yearly basis, respectively. Our general findings of these evaluations suggest that there are no positive effects on such measures as post-training unemployment risk or earnings.
Implementation of Back Propagation Algorithm ( of neural networks ) in VHDL

authentic record of my own work carried under the supervision of Mr. SANJAY SHARMA and Mrs. MANU BANSAL at TIET, PATIALA. The matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted in any other University or Institute for the award of Master of Engineering. Signature of the student This is certified that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. ACKNOWLEGEMENT Words are often too less to reveal one's deep regards. An understanding of the work like this is never the outcome of the efforts of a single person. I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped me through the duration of this thesis. Lecturer, TIET, PATIALA. Their enthusiasm and optimism made this experience both rewarding and enjoyable. Most of the novel ideas and solutions found in this thesis are the result of our numerous stimulating discussions. His feedback and editorial comments were also invaluable for the writing of this thesis. facilities for the completion of thesis. I take pride of my self being daughter of ideal great parents whose everlasting desire, sacrifice, affectionate blessing and help without which it would have not been possible for me to complete my studies. At last, I would like to thank all the members and employees of Electronics and Communication Department, TIET Patiala whose love and affection made this possible.
CR-GAN: Learning Complete Representations for Multi-view Generation

Generating multi-view images from a single-view input is an essential yet challenging problem. It has broad applications in vision, graphics, and robotics. Our study indicates that the widely-used generative adversarial network (GAN) may learn “incomplete” representations due to the single-pathway framework: an encoder-decoder network followed by a discriminator network. We propose CR-GAN to address this problem. In addition to the single reconstruction path, we introduce a generation sideway to maintain the completeness of the learned embedding space. The two learning pathways collaborate and compete in a parameter-sharing manner, yielding considerably improved generalization ability to “unseen” dataset. More importantly, the two-pathway framework makes it possible to combine both labeled and unlabeled data for self-supervised learning, which further enriches the embedding space for realistic generations. The experimental results prove that CR-GAN significantly outperforms stateof-the-art methods, especially when generating from “unseen” inputs in wild conditions. 1
Self-Reported and Serum Cotinine-Validated Smoking in Pregnant Women in Estonia

Objectives: Although widely used in epidemiological studies, self-report has been shown to underestimate the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. Objectives of this study were to examine the discrepancy between self-reported and cotinine-validated smoking status, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with the misclassification of real smoking status among pregnant women in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Methods: Serum cotinine assays were performed on a subsample (n= 1360) of the pregnant women, who had participated in a recent study of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) seroprevalence in Estonia. In the present study, serum concentrations ≥15 ng/ml were used to distinguish current smokers from nonsmokers. The serum-validated smoking level was compared with the self-reported level in the records of the Estonian Medical Birth Registry. For the group of self-reported non-smokers, the differences between the cotinine-validated smokers and the cotinine-validated nonsmokers, with respect to their sociodemographic characteristics (age, ethnicity, educational level, employment status, marital status, parity), were estimated by logistic regression. Results: Of 1239 women who reported being nonsmokers, 259 (20.9%) had serum cotinine levels ≥15 ng/ml, and can be regarded as current smokers. Among self-reported nonsmokers, nondisclosure of current smoking was significantly more frequent in non-Estonian, less educated, socially inactive, cohabiting and multiparous women. Conclusions: Self-reported data on smoking in pregnant women underestimates the real smoking prevalence in Estonia. Maternal unwillingness to declare smoking during pregnancy needs to be taken into account in the practice of maternal and child health to better target prenatal smoking cessation interventions.
Toxicity of three phenolic compounds and their mixtures on the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis in the aquatic environment.

Although phenolic compounds are intensively studied for their toxic effects on the environment, the toxicity of catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone mixtures are still not well understood because most previous bioassays are conducted solely using single compound based on acute tests. In this work, the adverse effect of individual phenolic compounds (catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone) and the interactive effect of the binary and tertiary mixtures on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) using microcalorimetric method were examined. The toxicity of individual phenolic compounds follows the order catechol>resorcinol>hydroquinone with their respective half inhibitory concentration as 437, 728 and 934 microg mL(-)(1). The power-time curve of B. subtilis growth obtained by microcalorimetry is in complete agreement with the change in turbidity of B. subtilis against time, demonstrating that microcalorimetric method agrees well with the routine microbiological method. The toxicity data obtained from phenolic compound mixtures show that catechol and hydroquinone mixture possess synergistic effect while the other mixtures display additive joint actions. Furthermore, the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models were employed to predict the toxicities of the phenolic compounds. The experimental results of microcalorimetry show no significant difference on the toxicity of the phenolic compound mixtures from that predicted by CA. However, IA prediction underestimated the mixture effects in all the experiments.
A Performance Comparison of RAID-5 and Log-Structured Arrays

Increasmg performance of CPUs and memorres wrll be squandered lf not matched by a sunrlm peformance ourease m II0 Whde the capactty of Smgle Large Expenstve D&T (SLED) has grown rapuily, the performance rmprovement of SLED has been modest Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), based on the magnetic duk technology developed for personal computers, offers an attractive alternattve IO SLED, promtang onprovements of an or&r of mogm&e m pctformance, rehabdlty, power consumption, and scalalnlrty Thu paper rntroducesfivc levels of RAIDS, grvmg rheu relative costlpetfotmance, and compares RAID to an IBM 3380 and a Fupisu Super Eagle 1 Background: Rlsrng CPU and Memory Performance The users of computers are currently enJoymg unprecedented growth m the speed of computers Gordon Bell said that between 1974 and 1984. smgle chip computers improved m performance by 40% per year, about twice the rate of mmlcomputers [Bell 841 In the followmg year B111 Joy predicted an even faster growth [Joy 851 Mamframe and supercomputer manufacturers, havmg &fficulty keeping pace with the rapId growth predicted by “Joy’s Law,” cope by offermg m&processors as theu top-of-the-lme product. But a fast CPU does not a fast system make Gene Amdahl related CPU speed to mam memory s12e usmg this rule [Siewmrek 821 Each CPU mnstrucaon per second requues one byte of moan memory, If computer system costs are not to be dommated by the cost of memory, then Amdahl’s constant suggests that memory chip capacity should grow at the same rate Gordon Moore pr&cted that growth rate over 20 years fransuforslclup = 2y*-1%4 AK predzted by Moore’s Law, RAMs have quadrupled m capacity every twotMoom75110threeyeaFIyers861 Recently the rauo of megabytes of mam memory to MIPS ha9 been defti as ahha [Garcm 841. vvlth Amdahl’s constant meanmg alpha = 1 In parl because of the rapti drop of memory prices, mam memory we.9 have grownfastexthanCPUspeedsandmanymachmesare~ppedtoday~th alphas of 3 or tigha To mamtam the balance of costs m computer systems, secondary storage must match the advances m other parts of the system A key measPemuswn to copy mthout fee all or w of &IS matcnal IS granted pronded that the COP!S zzrc not made or lstnbuted for dwct commernal advantage, the ACM copyright notIce and the tltk of the pubbcatuon and IW da’, appear, and notxe IS @“en that COPYI"K IS by pemtrs~on of the Association for Computing Machtnery To COPY otherwIse, or to repubbsh, requres B fee and/or spenfic perm~ss~o”
Construction and Practice of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Specialty Practice Teaching System

The four dimensions are rule system dimension, organization dimension, practice base dimension and innovation dimension of Surveying and Mapping Engineering. "Four Dimensional Integration" practice teaching system is summarized in this article. The methods of construct practical teaching quality guarantee system is described in detail. The construction of whole process, all aspects, multi-method integrated practice teaching quality monitoring system is introduced. The implementation achievements of the "Four Dimensional Integration" practice teaching system is summed up, in order to provide references to general university in strengthening the practice teaching. Keywords-Surveying and Mapping Engineering; Four Dimensions Integration; Practice teaching; Quality guarantee system; Quality monitoring system
Effect of adjunct fluticasone propionate on airway physiology during rest and exercise in COPD.

RATIONALE
Combination therapy with corticosteroid and long-acting β(2)-agonists (LABA) in a single inhaler is associated with superior effects on airway function and exercise performance in COPD compared with LABA monotherapy. The physiological effects of adding inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy to maintenance bronchodilator therapy (long-acting anticholinergics and LABA singly or in combination) in COPD are unknown.


METHODS
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study (NCT00387036) to compare the effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate 500 μg (FP500) twice-daily and placebo (PLA) on airway function during rest and exercise, measured during constant work rate cycle exercise at 75% of maximum incremental cycle work rate, in 17 patients with COPD (FEV(1) ≤ 70% predicted).


RESULTS
After treatment with FP500 compared to PLA, there were significant increases in post-dose measurements of FEV(1) (+115 mL, P = 0.006) and the FEV(1)/FVC ratio (+2.5%, P = 0.017), along with decreases in plethysmographic residual volume (-0.32L; P = 0.031), functional residual capacity (-0.30L, P = 0.033), and total lung capacity (-0.30L, P = 0.027) but no changes in vital capacity or inspiratory capacity (IC). Post-treatment comparisons demonstrated a significant improvement in endurance time by 188 ± 362 s with FP500 (P = 0.047) with no concomitant increase in dyspnea intensity. End-inspiratory and end-expiratory lung volumes were reduced at rest and throughout exercise with FP500 compared with PLA (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Inhaled FP500 monotherapy was associated with consistent and clinically important improvements in FEV(1), static lung volumes, dynamic operating lung volumes, and exercise endurance when added to established maintenance long-acting bronchodilator therapy in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
Programmable rendering of line drawing from 3D scenes

This article introduces a programmable approach to nonphotorealistic line drawings from 3D models, inspired by programmable shaders in traditional rendering. This approach relies on the assumption generally made in NPR that style attributes (color, thickness, etc.) are chosen depending on generic properties of the scene such as line characteristics or depth discontinuities, etc. We propose a new image creation model where all operations are controlled through user-defined procedures in which the relations between style attributes and scene properties are specified. A view map describing all relevant support lines in the drawing and their topological arrangement is first created from the 3D model so as to ensure the continuity of all scene properties along its edges; a number of style modules operate on this map, by procedurally selecting, chaining, or splitting lines, before creating strokes and assigning drawing attributes. Consistent access to properties of the scene is provided from the different elements of the map that are manipulated throughout the whole process. The resulting drawing system permits flexible control of all elements of drawing style: First, different style modules can be applied to different types of lines in a view; second, the topology and geometry of strokes are entirely controlled from the programmable modules; and third, stroke attributes are assigned procedurally and can be correlated at will with various scene or view properties. We illustrate the components of our system and show how style modules successfully encode stylized visual characteristics that can be applied across a wide range of models.
Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants? A systematic literature review.

AIM
The aim of this systematic review was to screen the literature in order to locate animal and clinical data on bone-implant contact (BIC) and clinical survival/success that would help to answer the question 'Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants?'


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A literature search was performed in the following databases: (1) the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, (2) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (3) MEDLINE (Ovid), and (4) PubMed. To evaluate biocompatibility, animal investigations were scrutinized regarding the amount of BIC and to assess implant longevity clinical data were evaluated.


RESULTS
The PubMed search yielded 349 titles and the Cochrane/MEDLINE search yielded 881 titles. Based upon abstract screening and discarding duplicates from both searches, 100 full-text articles were obtained and subjected to additional evaluation. A further publication was included based on the manual search. The selection process resulted in the final sample of 25 studies. No (randomized) controlled clinical trials regarding the outcome of zirconia and alumina ceramic implants could be found. The systematic review identified histological animal studies showing similar BIC between alumina, zirconia and titanium. Clinical investigations using different alumina oral implants up to 10 years showed survival/success rates in the range of 23 to 98% for different indications. The included zirconia implant studies presented a survival rate from 84% after 21 months to 98% after 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
No difference was found in the rate of osseointegration between the different implant materials in animal experiments. Only cohort investigations were located with questionable scientific value. Alumina implants did not perform satisfactorily and therefore, based on this review, are not a viable alternative to titanium implants. Currently, the scientific clinical data for ceramic implants in general and for zirconia implants in particular are not sufficient to recommend ceramic implants for routine clinical use. Zirconia, however, may have the potential to be a successful implant material, although this is as yet unsupported by clinical investigations.
Efficacy of cranial electric stimulation for the treatment of insomnia: a randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVES
This pilot study examined the potential efficacy of cranial electric stimulation for the treatment of insomnia.


DESIGN
The researchers tested the hypothesis through a randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled clinical trial. The researchers approached eligible subjects who scored 21 or above on the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale. The researchers then randomly assigned the subjects to receive either an active or sham device. Each study subject received 60min of active or sham treatment for five days. Following each intervention the subjects completed a sleep log, as well as three and ten days later.


SETTING
The researchers conducted the study among active duty service members receiving mental health care on the Psychiatry Continuity Service (PCS), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, MD.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The study's primary outcome variables were the time to sleep onset, total time slept, and number of awakenings as reported by the subjects in the serial sleep logs. The researchers identified a nearly significant increase in total time slept after three cranial electric stimulation treatments among all study subjects. A closer examination of this group revealed an interesting gender bias, with men reporting a robust increase in total time slept after one treatment, decay in effect over the next two interventions, and then an increase in total time slept after the fourth treatment. The researchers speculate that the up and down effect on total time slept could be the result of an insufficient dose of cranial electric stimulation.
Automatic verification of EMC immunity by simulation

Immunity of analog circuit blocks is becoming a major design risk. This paper presents an automated methodology to simulate the susceptibility of a circuit during the design phase. More specifically, we propose a CAD tool which determines the fail/pass criteria of a signal under direct power injection (DPI). This contribution describes the function of the tool which is validated by a LDO regulator.
Combining equilibrium , resampling , and analysts ’ views in portfolio optimization

Portfolio optimization methodologies play a central role in strategic asset allocation (SAA), where it is desirable to have portfolios that are efficient, diversified, and stable. Since the development of the traditional mean-variance approach of Markowitz (1952), many improvements have been made to overcome problems such as lack of diversification and strong sensitivity of optimal portfolio weights to expected returns.