LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Detection Model Based on Representation of Quantum Particles by Classical Random Fields: Born’s Rule and Beyond

Recently a new attempt to go beyond quantum mechanics (QM) was presented in the form of so called prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT). Its main experimental prediction is violation of Born’s rule which provides only an approximative description of real probabilities. We expect that it will be possible to design numerous experiments demonstrating violation of Born’s rule. Moreover, recently the first experimental evidence of violation was found in the triple slit interference experiment, see Sinha, et al. (Foundations of Probability and Physics-5. American Institute of Physics, Ser. Conference Proceedings, vol. 1101, pp. 200–207, 2009). Although this experimental test was motivated by another prequantum model, it can be definitely considered as at least preliminary confirmation of the main prediction of PCSFT. In our approach quantum particles are just symbolic representations of “prequantum random fields,” e.g., “electron-field” or “neutron-field”; photon is associated with classical random electromagnetic field. Such prequantum fields fluctuate on time and space scales which are essentially finer than scales of QM, cf. ’t Hooft’s attempt to go beyond QM (see ’t Hooft arXiv:hep-th/0105105, 2001; arXiv:quant-ph/0212095, 2002; arXiv:quant-ph/0701097, 2007). In this paper we elaborate a detection model in the PCSFT-framework. In this model classical random fields (corresponding to “quantum particles”) interact with detectors inducing probabilities which match with Born’s rule only approximately. Thus QM arises from PCSFT as an approximative theory. New tests of violation of Born’s rule are proposed.
Knowledge-Based Data Mining Using Semantic Web

Semantic web offers a smarter web service which synchronizes and arranges all the data over web in a disciplined manner. In data mining over web, the accuracy of selecting necessary data according to user demand and pick them for output is considered as a major challenging task over the years. This paper proposes an approach to mapping data over the web 3.0 through ontology and access the required data via an intelligent agent. The agent provides all the searched data related to user query from which user can find desired information. When the user does not have sufficient search parameter, knowledge can be perceived from the information provided by the agent. The derivation of such unknown knowledge from the existing can be achieved by semantic web mining. We present an intelligent agent-based web mining model where users’ query is being searched by following existing traditional way, e.g. by Google. The intelligent agent checks the searched data and derives only those are the semantically related to users search parameter. A work-in-progress case study of University Faculty Information presented to examine the effectiveness of the proposed model. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute
Making sense of ethnography and medical education.

OBJECTIVE
This paper aims to locate the ethnographic tradition in a socio-historical context.


METHOD
In this paper we chart the history of the ethnographic tradition, explaining its roots and highlighting its value in enabling the ethnographic researcher to explore and make sense of the otherwise invisible aspects of cultural norms and practices. We discuss a number of studies that have provided detailed and context-sensitive accounts of the everyday life of medical schools, medical practitioners and medical students. We demonstrate how the methods of ethnographic fieldwork offer "other ways of knowing" that can have a significant impact on medical education.


CONCLUSIONS
The ethnographic research tradition in sociological and anthropological studies of educational settings is a significant one. Ethnographic research in higher education institutions is less common, but is itself a growing research strategy.
Use of ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava diameter as an objective tool in the assessment of children with clinical dehydration.

OBJECTIVES
Bedside ultrasonography (US) measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta (Ao) may be useful in objectively assessing children with dehydration. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare the IVC and Ao diameters (IVC/Ao) ratio of dehydrated children with controls and 2) to compare the IVC/Ao ratio before and after intravenous (i.v.) rehydration in children with dehydration.


METHODS
This prospective observational study was performed in an urban pediatric emergency department. Children between 6 months and 16 years of age with clinical evidence of dehydration were enrolled. Bedside US measurements of the IVC and Ao were taken before and immediately after i.v. fluids were administered. An age-, gender-, and weight-matched control without dehydration was enrolled for each subject. The IVC/Ao ratios of subjects and controls were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test, as were the ratios before and after i.v. hydration for each subject.


RESULTS
Thirty-six pairs of subjects and matched controls were enrolled. The IVC/Ao ratios in the subjects were lower as compared with controls (mean of 0.75 vs. 1.01), with a mean difference of 0.26 (95% confidence interval = 0.18 to 0.35). In subjects, the IVC/Ao ratios were significantly lower before i.v. hydration (mean of 0.75 vs. 1.09), with a mean difference of 0.34 (95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 0.39).


CONCLUSIONS
As measured by bedside US measurement, the IVC/Ao ratio is lower in children clinically assessed to be dehydrated. Furthermore, it increases with administration of i.v. fluid boluses.
P02.108. Effects of integrative medicine on pain and anxiety for inpatient orthopedic patients

Methods Data were obtained from the electronic health record (EHR) for selected orthopedic inpatient admissions during 2010. Four orthopedic populations were identified by APR-DRG categories: 1) hip replacement, 2) knee replacement, 3) back surgery, and 4) medical back pain. Receipt of IM therapies was the treatment of interest. Primary outcomes were change in patient reported pain and anxiety. Patients rated pain and anxiety levels before and after IM treatments using a self-report intensity scale (0 to 10), with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain and anxiety. Chi-square tests were used to test for significant differences in the percentage of patients who received specific IM therapies. Significant differences in mean pain and anxiety score changes were evaluated using paired t-tests.
jContractor: Bytecode Instrumentation Techniques for Implementing Design by Contract in Java

Design by Contract is a software engineering practice that allows semantic information to be added to a class or interface to precisely specify the conditions that are required for its correct operation. The basic constructs of Design by Contract are method preconditions and postconditions, and class invariants. This paper presents a detailed design and implementation overview of jContractor, a freely available tool that allows programmers to write “contracts” as standard Java methods following an intuitive naming convention. Preconditions, postconditions, and invariants can be associated with, or inherited by, any class or interface. jContractor performs on-the-fly bytecode instrumentation to detect violation of the contract specification during a program’s execution. jContractor’s bytecode engineering technique allows it to specify and check contracts even when source code is not available. jContractor is a pure Java library providing a rich set of syntactic constructs for expressing contracts without extending the Java language or runtime environment. These constructs include support for predicate logic expressions, and referencing entry values of attributes and return values of methods. Fine grain control over the level of monitoring is possible at runtime. Since contract methods are allowed to use unconstrained Java expressions, in addition to runtime verification they can perform additional runtime monitoring, logging, and testing. 1 Email: parkera@cs.ucsb.edu 2 Email: muratk@ti.com This is a preliminary version. The final version will be published in Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science URL: www.elsevier.nl/locate/entcs Abercrombie and Karaorman
IGIP History: A glance from the 21st century

The authors present the book “IGIP-International Society of Engineering Pedagogy: the Present, Past and Future”, that shows the dynamics of the Society changes and the development of Engineering Pedagogy. The paper is focused on the history of IGIP. It begins with the historical information on engineering education, describes the foundation of the Association and its main activities: the Prototype Curriculum, Ing.Paed.IGIP Register, Training Centers, Symposia, Presidency, Membership, etc.
Simple self-driven synchronous rectifier for resonant inductive coupling wireless power transfer

Resonant inductive coupling wireless power transfer (RIC-WPT) is attracting attention as a convenient power supply method to small mobile apparatus. The efficiency and the power transfer capability of RIC-WPT has been known to be profoundly dependent on the quality factor of the receiving resonator. However, the quality factor of the receiving resonator tends to be deteriorated because of the conduction loss at the diode rectifier, particularly for low output voltage applications. In order to improve the efficiency and the power transfer capability, this paper propose a novel simple synchronous rectifier, which can reduce the conduction loss. The proposed rectifier has simple circuit configuration, which contributes to straightforward application to the wireless power transfer to small mobile apparatus with limited installation space. Experiment was carried out to verify the operation principle of the proposed rectifier. As a result, the proposed rectifier revealed successful suppression of the conduction loss. In addition, the experimental wireless power transfer system verified successful improvement in the rectification efficiency, supporting usefulness of the proposed rectifier for practical applications of the RIC-WPT for small mobile apparatus.
Maxillary third molar: patterns of impaction and their relation to oroantral perforation.

PURPOSE
The objectives of this study were to examine 1) the patterns of the impacted maxillary wisdom tooth and 2) the proximity of the impacted maxillary wisdom tooth to the maxillary sinus in relation to oroantral perforation during the removal of a maxillary wisdom tooth.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records and dental pantomograms of patients who underwent the removal of maxillary wisdom teeth under general anesthesia over a 6-month period. Using a modified version of the Archer classification of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth, types of impaction were classified according to depth, angulation of impaction, and proximity to the floor of the sinus. Clinical records showed the occurrence of oroantral perforation.


RESULTS
In total, 845 maxillary wisdom teeth were removed; 66.8% were by routine extraction and 33.2% were removed surgically. The most common type of impaction was vertical followed by mesioangular. Most impacted teeth were at the level between the occlusal and cervical level of the adjacent second molar. Only 7 of the 278 excised wisdom teeth produced an oroantral perforation. Only 0.9% of all cases with a close sinus approximation showed an oroantral perforation. Statistical analysis with the Fisher exact test showed statistically significant associations of depth of impaction (P < .001), eruption status (P = .001), and long-axis position (P < .001) to the occurrence of an oroantral perforation. Sinus approximation showed no association with the occurrence of an oroantral perforation (P = 1.000).


CONCLUSION
The depth of impaction of the maxillary wisdom tooth is a possible predictor of the possibility of oro-antral perforation if removal of the tooth is required. Due to the limitation of the radiograph, it is not a reliable to use radiographic close proximity of the sinus to predict the occurrence of oro-antral perforation when the maxillary wisdom tooth is removed.
The BioASP Library: ASP Solutions for Systems Biology

Today's molecular biology is confronted with enormous amounts of data, generated by new high-throughput technologies, along with an increasing number of biological models available over web repositories. This poses new challenges for bioinformatics to invent methods coping with incompleteness, heterogeneity, and mutual inconsistency of data and models. To this end, we built the library BioASP, providing a framework for analyzing biological data and models with Answer Set Programming (ASP). Due to the expressive modeling language, the inherent tolerance of incomplete knowledge, and efficient solving engines, ASP has proven to be an excellent tool for solving a variety of biological questions. The BioASP library implements methods for analyzing metabolic and gene regulatory networks, consistency checking, diagnosing, and repairing biological data and models. In particular, it allows for computing predictions and generating hypotheses about required expansions of biological models. To accomplish this, expert knowledge of both the biological application and the ASP paradigm needs to be combined. In fact, the functionalities provided by the BioASP library exploit technical know-how of modeling (biological) problems in ASP and gearing ASP solvers' parameters to them. Often, such best-practice technology is the result of an exhaustive series of tests. The BioASP library %, we gather % this knowledge integrates our practical experience and offers them via easy-to-use Python functions, thus enabling ASP non-experts to solve biological questions with ASP.
Progress in Breeding Groundnut Varieties Resistantto Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus and its Vector

Dwivedi, S.L., Nigam, S.N., Reddy, D.V.R., Reddy, A.S., and Ranga Rao, G.V. 1995. Progress in breeding groundnut varieties resistant to peanut bud necrosis virus and its vector. Pages 35-40 in Recent studies on peanut bud necrosis disease: proceedings of a Meeting, 20 Mar 1995, ICRISAT Asia Center, India (Buiel, A.A.M., Parlevliet, J.E., and J.M., eds.). Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; and P O Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands: Department of Plant Breeding, Agricultural University of Wageningen. Abstract
Randomised trial of early diet in preterm babies and later intelligence quotient.

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether perinatal nutrition influences cognitive function at 7 1/2 - 8 years in children born preterm.


DESIGN
Randomised, blinded nutritional intervention trial. Blinded follow up at 7 1/2 - 8 years.


SETTING
Intervention phase in two neonatal units; follow up in a clinic or school setting.


SUBJECTS
424 preterm infants who weighed under 1850 g at birth; 360 of those who survived were tested at 7 1/2 - 8 years.


INTERVENTIONS
Standard infant formula versus nutrient enriched preterm formula randomly assigned as sole diet (trial A) or supplements to maternal milk (trial B) fed for a mean of 1 month.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Intelligence quotient (IQ) at 7 1/2 - 8 years with abbreviated Weschler intelligence scale for children (revised).


RESULTS
There was a major sex difference in the impact of diet. At 7 1/2 - 8 years boys previously fed standard versus preterm formula as sole diet had a 12.2 point disadvantage (95% confidence interval 3.7 to 20.6; P<0.01) in verbal IQ. In those with highest intakes of trial diets corresponding figures were 9.5 point disadvantage and 14.4 point disadvantage in overall IQ (1.2 to 17.7; P<0.05) and verbal IQ (5.7 to 23.2; P<0.01). Consequently, more infants fed term formula had low verbal IQ (<85): 31% versus 14% for both sexes (P=0.02) and 47% versus 13% in boys P=0.009). There was a higher incidence of cerebral palsy in those fed term formula; exclusion of such children did not alter the findings.


CONCLUSIONS
Preterm infants are vulnerable to suboptimal early nutrition in terms of their cognitive performance--notably, language based skills--at 7 1/2 - 8 years, when cognitive scores are highly predictive of adult ones. Our data on cerebral palsy generate a new hypothesis that suboptimal nutritional management during a critical or plastic early period of rapid brain growth could impair functional compensation in those sustaining an earlier brain insult. Cognitive function, notably in males, may be permanently impaired by suboptimal neonatal nutrition.
Replacement of partially hydrogenated soybean oil by palm oil in margarine without unfavorable effects on serum lipoproteins

We have compared the effects of three different margarines, one based on palm oil (PALM-margarine), one based on partially hydrogenated soybean oil (TRANS-margarine) and one with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-margarine), on serum lipids in 27 young women. The main purpose of the study was to test if replacement of trans fatty acids in margarine by palmitic acid results in unfavorable effects on serum lipids. The sum of saturated fatty acids (12∶0, 14∶0, 16∶0) was 36.3% of total fatty acids in the PALM-diet, the same as the sum of saturated (12∶0, 14∶0, 16∶0) (12.5%) and trans (23.1%) fatty acids in the TRANS-diet. This sum was 20.7% in the PUFA-diet. The content of oleic acid was 37.9, 35.2, and 38.6%, respectively, in the three diets, whereas linoleic acid amounted to 16, 13.5, and 27.3%, respectively. Total fat provided 30–31% and the test margarines 26% of total energy in all three diets. The subjects consumed each of the diets for 17 d in a Latin-square crossover design. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) between the TRANS-and the PALM-diets. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apoA-I were significantly higher on the PALM-diet compared to the TRANS-diet whereas the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was lower, although not significantly (P=0.077) on the PALM-diet. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apoB were significantly lower on the PUFA-diet compared to the two other diets. HDL-cholesterol was not different on the PALM-and the PUFA-diets but it was significantly lower on the TRANS-diet compared to the PUFA diet. Compared to the PUFA-diet the ratio of LDL-to HDL-cholesterol was higher on both the PALM- and the TRANS-diets whereas apoA-I was not different. Triglycerides and lipoprotein (a) were not significantly different among the three diets. We concluded that nutritionally, palmitic acid from palm oil may be a reasonable alternative to trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated soybean oil in margarine if the aim is to avoid trans fatty acids. A palm oil-based margarine is, however, less favorable than one based on a more polyunsaturated vegetable oil.
Incorporating demand uncertainty and forecast error in supply chain planning models

This paper develops a framework for examining the effect of demand uncertainty and forecast error on unit costs and customer service levels in the supply chain, including Material Requirements Planning (MRP) type manufacturing systems. The aim is to overcome the methodological limitations and confusion that has arisen in much earlier research. To illustrate the issues, the problem of estimating the value of improving forecasting accuracy for a manufacturer was simulated. The topic is of practical importance because manufacturers spend large sums of money in purchasing and staffing forecasting support systems to achieve more accurate forecasts. In order to estimate the value a two-level MRP system with lot sizing where the product is manufactured for stock was simulated. Final product demand was generated by two commonly occurring stochastic processes and with different variances. Different levels of forecasting error were then introduced to arrive at corresponding values for improving forecasting accuracy. The quantitative estimates of improved accuracy were found to depend on both the demand generating process and the forecasting method. Within this more complete framework, the substantive results confirm earlier research that the best lot sizing rules for the deterministic situation are the worst whenever there is uncertainty in demand. However, size matters, both in the demand uncertainty and forecasting errors. The quantitative differences depend on service level and also the form of demand uncertainty. Unit costs for a given service level increase exponentially as the uncertainty in the demand data increases. The paper also estimates the effects of mis-specification of different sizes of forecast error in addition to demand uncertainty. In those manufacturing problems with high demand uncertainty and high forecast error, improved forecast accuracy should lead to substantial percentage improvements in unit costs. Methodologically, the results demonstrate the need to simulate demand uncertainty and the forecasting process separately. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2011) 62, 483–500. doi:10.1057/jors.2010.40 Published online 16 June 2010
Currency Substitution : Evidence from Nigeria 1

This paper examines the existence, causes and effects of currency substitution in Nigeria by estimating conventional money demand equations based on a partial adjustment and an autoregressive distributed lag models using three definitions of monetary aggregates. The behavior of the foreign currency/Naira deposit ratios have been influenced by devaluation expectations, exchange rate risks and political uncertainties during the Yar’adua-Jonathan presidency. Also, the money demand estimations reveal that short-term foreign interest rates significantly affect the demand for the Naira, suggesting strong evidence of currency substitution and the possibility of importing considerable instability in the economy.
Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy for melanoma diagnosis in patients with clinically equivocal skin lesions

BACKGROUND
Melanoma is a cancer of the skin and is increasing in incidence in the UK and Europe. Melanoma is a condition that is often curable if detected at an early stage, which makes accurate diagnosis vital. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a tool used to image the skin. It gives high magnification images of the skin, which may provide more accurate diagnosis of lesions that are equivocal on clinical examination and dermoscopy.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), for melanoma diagnosis, as an add-on test to clinical examination and dermoscopy in the diagnosis of equivocal pigmented skin lesions using histopathology as the reference standard.


METHODS
A search was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE and six other electronic databases from inception to present. Forward citation searching and hand searching of reference lists were also conducted. Diagnostic accuracy studies that assess RCM in the diagnosis of melanoma were included in the review. Two contributors conducted the search, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality using QUADAS-2. Statistical analysis was performed using hierarchical bivariate random effects meta-analysis.


RESULTS
951 titles and abstracts were screened. Five studies comprising 909 lesions were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis returned a per lesion sensitivity of 93% [95% CI 89-96] and a specificity of 76% [95% CI 68-83].


CONCLUSIONS
The utility of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as an add-on test for the diagnosis of melanoma depends on the trade off between over-excising benign lesions and misdiagnosing melanoma as benign. This becomes important when considering lesions on surgically difficult or cosmetically important areas of the body.