LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Large Graphs in 3D Hyperbolic Space

graph is a simple, powerful, elegant abstraction with broad applicability in computer science and many related fields. Algorithms that operate on graphs see heavy use in both theoretical and practical contexts. Graphs have a very natural visual representation as nodes and connecting links arranged in space. Seeing this structure explicitly can aid tasks in many domains. Many people automatically sketch such a picture when thinking about small graphs, often including simple annotations. The pervasiveness of visual representations of small graphs testifies to their usefulness. On the other hand, although many large data sets can be expressed as graphs, few such visual representations exist. What causes this discrepancy? For one thing, graph layout poses a hard problem, 1 one that current tools just can't overcome. Conventional systems often falter when handling hundreds of edges, and none can handle more than a few thousand edges. 2 However, nonvisual manipulation of graphs with 50,000 edges is commonplace , and much larger instances exist. We can consider the Web as an extreme example of a graph with many millions of nodes and edges. Although many individual Web sites stay quite small, a significant number have more than 20,000 documents. The Unix file system reachable from a single networked workstation might include more than 100,000 files scattered across dozens of gigabytes worth of remotely mounted disk drives. Computational complexity is not the only reason that software to visually manipulate large graphs has lagged behind software to computationally manipulate them. Many previous graph layout systems have focused on fine-tuning the layout of relatively small graphs in support of polished presentations. A graph drawing system that focuses on the interactive browsing of large graphs can instead target the quite different tasks of browsing and exploration. Many researchers in scientific visual-ization have recognized the split between explanatory and exploratory goals. This distinction proves equally relevant for graph drawing. Contribution This article briefly describes a software system that explicitly attempts to handle much larger graphs than previous systems and support dynamic exploration rather than final presentation. I'll then discuss the applicability of this system to goals beyond simple exploration. A software system that supports graph exploration should include both a layout and an interactive drawing component. I have developed new algorithms for both layout and drawing—H3 and H3Viewer. A paper from InfoVis 97 contains a more extensive presentation of the H3 layout algorithm. 3 The H3Viewer drawing algorithm remains …
A high-speed silicon FET for efficient DC-DC power conversion

A novel silicon device architecture for DC-DC power conversion is reported. Efficient switching at high frequencies (1-5 MHz) is achieved by simultaneously reducing gate charge, reverse capacitance, and gate resistance while still maintaining good on-state resistance and off-state breakdown voltage. Power efficiencies in excess of 88% were realized in a synchronous buck converter running at 1.3 MHz.
Association of excessive smartphone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand

BACKGROUND
Despite the pervasive use of smartphones among university students, there is still a dearth of research examining the association between smartphone use and psychological well-being among this population. The current study addresses this research gap by investigating the relationship between smartphone use and psychological well-being among university students in Thailand.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018 among university students aged 18-24 years from the largest university in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The primary outcome was psychological well-being, and was assessed using the Flourishing Scale. Smartphone use, the primary independent variable, was measured by five items which had been adapted from the eight-item Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction. All scores above the median value were defined as being indicative of excessive smartphone use.


RESULTS
Out of the 800 respondents, 405 (50.6%) were women. In all, 366 (45.8%) students were categorized as being excessive users of smartphones. Students with excessive use of smartphones had lower scores the psychological well-being than those who did not use smartphone excessively (B = -1.60; P < 0.001). Female students had scores for psychological well-being that were, on average, 1.24 points higher than the scores of male students (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
This study provides some of the first insights into the negative association between excessive smartphone use and the psychological well-being of university students. Strategies designed to promote healthy smartphone use could positively impact the psychological well-being of students.
Music in late Renaissance & early Baroque Italy

This study of Italian music in the 16th and early 17th centuries proposes new ways of thinking about styles and genres, performance practices and the social and political context of the period. The book includes evidence drawn from contemporary documents and copious musical examples. In studying the vocal and instrumental music of Italy during this period, the author takes the perspective that music was an essentially political phenomenon, conditioned by social and cultural constraints.
System for Road Vehicle Energy Optimization Using Real Time Road and Traffic Information

Nowadays, reducing the energy and fuel consumption of road vehicles is a key issue. Different strategies have been proposed. One of them is to promote Eco-driving behaviour among drivers. Most Eco-driving tips take into account only the road stretch where the vehicle is located. However, larger improvements could be achieved if information from subsequent stretches is used. The main objective of this work is to develop a system to warn the driver in real time of the optimal speed that should be maintained on every road segment in order to optimize the energy used and the fuel consumed while observing a time schedule. The system takes into account the road vertical profile, the fixed and variable speed limits and the traffic information retrieved using V2V and V2I communications. The system has been tested on real road sections with satisfactory results in fuel savings.
Analysis on paralinguistic prosody control in perceptual impression space using multiple dimensional scaling

A multi-dimensional perceptual space for communicative speech prosodies was derived using a psychometric method from multidimensional expressions of impressions to characterize paralinguistic information conveyed by prosody in communication. Single word utterances of ‘‘n” were employed to allow freedom from lexical effects and to cover communicative prosodic variations as much as possible. The analysis of daily conversations showed that conversational speech impressions were manifested in the global F0 control of ‘‘n” as differences of average height (high–low) and dynamic patterns (rise, fall, gradual fall, and rise&fall). Using controlled single utterances of ‘‘n”, multiple dimensional scaling analysis was applied to a mutual distance matrix obtained by 26 dimensional vectors expressing perceptual impressions. The result showed the three-dimensional structure of a perceptual impression space, and each dimension corresponded to different F0 control characteristics. The positive–negative impression can be controlled by average F0 height while confident– doubtful or allowable–unacceptable impressions can be controlled by F0 dynamic patterns. Unlike conventional categorical classification of prosodic patterns frequently observed in studies of emotional prosody, this control characterization enables us to flexibly and quantitatively describe prosodic impressions. These experimental results allow the possibility of input specifications for communicative prosody generation using impression vectors and control through average F0 height and F0 dynamic patterns. Instead of the generation of speech with categorical prototypical prosody, more adequate communicative speech synthesis can be approached through input specification and its correspondence with control characteristics. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Third-line chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: an international analysis.

INTRODUCTION
Small-cell lung cancer is an aggressive disease for which the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy. Despite good initial responses most patients will relapse. Some will receive second-line therapy with clinical benefit, but for third-line chemotherapy there is little evidence to guide treatment decisions and the benefits of treatment are unknown. This study investigated the treatment of SCLC in the third-line setting.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
An international, multicenter retrospective analysis of patients who received at least 3 lines of chemotherapy for their SCLC was performed.


RESULTS
From 2000 to 2010, 120 patients were identified from 5 centers: median age 61, 40% (n = 72) limited stage, and 79% (n = 95) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1. Only 22% of these patients received 3 distinct lines of chemotherapy. The remainder were rechallenged with a chemotherapy regimen used at least once previously. Six percent received platinum-based chemotherapy in all 3 lines. In third-line, response rate was 18% and median overall survival was 4.7 months. Factors associated with longer survival included normal baseline LDH levels and response to second-line chemotherapy. On multivariate analysis only normal baseline LDH retained statistical significance. Thirty-five patients went on to receive chemotherapy beyond the third line.


CONCLUSION
Few SCLC patients receive 3 chemotherapy lines. Most patients were rechallenged with a similar regimen at least once. Response and survival in the third-line setting are modest. Lack of response to second-line chemotherapy and elevated baseline LDH level might predict lack of benefit from third-line treatment. This data set does not include patients receiving fewer lines for comparison.
How social cognition can inform social decision making

Social decision-making is often complex, requiring the decision-maker to make inferences of others' mental states in addition to engaging traditional decision-making processes like valuation and reward processing. A growing body of research in neuroeconomics has examined decision-making involving social and non-social stimuli to explore activity in brain regions such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex, largely ignoring the power of the social context. Perhaps more complex processes may influence decision-making in social vs. non-social contexts. Years of social psychology and social neuroscience research have documented a multitude of processes (e.g., mental state inferences, impression formation, spontaneous trait inferences) that occur upon viewing another person. These processes rely on a network of brain regions including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), superior temporal sulcus (STS), temporal parietal junction, and precuneus among others. Undoubtedly, these social cognition processes affect social decision-making since mental state inferences occur spontaneously and automatically. Few studies have looked at how these social inference processes affect decision-making in a social context despite the capability of these inferences to serve as predictions that can guide future decision-making. Here we review and integrate the person perception and decision-making literatures to understand how social cognition can inform the study of social decision-making in a way that is consistent with both literatures. We identify gaps in both literatures-while behavioral economics largely ignores social processes that spontaneously occur upon viewing another person, social psychology has largely failed to talk about the implications of social cognition processes in an economic decision-making context-and examine the benefits of integrating social psychological theory with behavioral economic theory.
JOSÉ MARÍA QUIROGA PLÁ, POETA NEOCLÁSICO

Jose Maria Quiroga Pla (1902-1955) was a Spanish writer, born in Madrid, whose work to date consists of critical essays, uncollected poems and two books of sonnets published in exile which have hardly circulated at all. After briefly visiting the avant-garde movements of the 1920’s, and despite his leftwing politics, Quiroga ended up as neoclassical poet. If the term “neoclassic” is often employed in a derogatory sense, it is here used in the noblest and most positive sense, one which the present article relates to the poet’s extensive knowledge of 19th century and early 20th century French and Latin American literature.
Accuracy of stroke recognition by emergency medical dispatchers and paramedics--San Diego experience.

BACKGROUND
Prehospital personnel in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems have varying levels of accuracy in stroke recognition. Identifying the accuracy of emergency medical dispatcher using Medical Priority Dispatch Systems (MPDS) stroke protocol and paramedics may help understand the accuracy of stroke recognition in about 3000 emergency medical dispatch systems and prehospital systems world wide.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to assess the accuracy of stroke identification in emergency medical dispatchers (EMD) with high compliance to MPDS protocol and paramedics using Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CSS).


METHODS
This was a retrospective observational study. Data was acquired from a computer assisted dispatch (CAD) system, a computerized paramedic record database and discharge diagnosis from billing records or stroke registry containing all stroke assessments of patients who presented to the participating study hospitals within 12 hours of symptom onset. We included patients 18 years or older, identified as having stroke by EMD and city agency paramedics. We excluded patients taken to hospitals not participating in the study, patients with a dispatch determinant of Stroke (card 28) not transported by City EMS agency (SDMSE) to participating hospitals, patients in the stroke registry not transported by SDMSE or patients with no final outcome data. A stroke neurologist or hospital discharge diagnosis of stroke (physician diagnosis) was used to determine the sensitivity and predictive values of EMD and paramedic recognition of stroke.


RESULTS
Of 882 patients with a dispatch determinant of stroke using MPDS Stroke protocol, 367 had a final discharge diagnosis of stroke. This gives a sensitivity of 83% and a positive predictive value of 42% for EMD using MPDS Stroke protocol. Of 477 patients with a paramedic assessment of stroke using CSS, 193 had a final discharge diagnosis of stroke. This gives a sensitivity of 44% and a PPV of 40% for paramedics using CSS.


CONCLUSIONS
In our EMS system, EMD using MPDS Stroke protocol with a high compliance has a higher sensitivity than paramedics using CSS.
Versions of Vygotsky.

The current prominent influence of the theories of L. S. Vygotsky on studies of education, particularly of pedagogic practice, requires a re-examination. The dominance of deficient editions of his writings has had regrettable consequences such as a misplaced reading of the ‘zone of proximal development’. The publication of his recent, albeit incomplete, Collected Works in English affords an opportunity to reassess Vygotsky’s work. Potential areas for such rethinking include: a comparison between his work and influence with that of Piaget; Vygotsky’s own epistemology and methodology; and the relevance of his approach to contemporary concerns.
Coastal cod and north-east Arctic cod - do they mingle at the spawning grounds in Lofoten?

Cod (Gadus morhua L.) off northern Norway are divided into two main groups. The north-east Arctic cod (NAC) migrate southwards from the Barents Sea to the main spawning area near the Lofoten Islands on the coast off northern Norway. Coastal cod (CC) are relatively stationary, live and spawn along the entire Norwegian coast, including near the Lofoten Islands. In order to test if the two groups physically intermingle at the spawning grounds, cod were sampled by trawl and Danish seine at the traditionally important spawning grounds near the Lofoten Islands during the spawning season in 1995-97. Cod from 24 samples were examined for haemoglobin alleles, length, sex and stage of sexual maturity. The results indicate that: (1) NAC and CC did not mingle randomly. (2) However, specimens from both groups may stay simultaneously at the same local spawning ground within an area of less than 0.012 km2. (3) Distribution of NAC and CC overlapped vertically, although NAC was more abundant than CC in samples from deep waters. (4) The sex ratio was skewed towards males in a majority of the samples. (5) A larger percentage of males compared to females was ready to spawn. (6) Cod shoals may be size-assorted. The results are discussed in relation to existing hypotheses about cod spawning behaviour.
Some basic issues in teletaction

Teletaction is the transmission of cutaneous information from a remote tactile sensor to an operator’s skin, typically the finger tips. Ideally, one would like a realistic sensation of directly touching an object with one’s own finger and sense properties such as local shape, hardness, or texture. Teletaction or tactile feedback is one component of haptic feedback, the other component being force or kinesthetic feedback. This paper considers design issues for teletaction systems, particularly sampling density, aliasing, and the limitations of using an array of 1 DOF actuators to approximate a continuous stress distribution on the human finger.
Concurrent Cognitive Control Training Augments the Antidepressant Efficacy of tDCS: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently associated with underactivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) which has led to this brain region being identified as an important target for the development of neurobiological treatments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administered to the DLPFC has antidepressant efficacy, however the magnitude of antidepressant outcomes are limited. Concurrent cognitive activity has been shown to enhance tDCS induced stimulation effects. Cognitive control training (CCT) is a new cognitive therapy for MDD that aims to enhance DLPFC activity via behavioral methods.


HYPOTHESIS
We tested the hypothesis that co-administration of DLPFC tDCS and CCT would result in a greater reduction in depressive symptomology than administration of tDCS or CCT alone.


METHODS
27 adult participants with MDD were randomized into a three-arm sham-controlled between-groups pilot study comparing the efficacy of 2 mA tDCS + CCT, sham tDCS + CCT and sham CCT + 2 mA tDCS (5 sessions administered on consecutive working days). Blinded assessments of depression severity and cognitive control were conducted at baseline, end of treatment and a three week follow up review.


RESULTS
All three treatment conditions were associated with a reduction in depression severity at the end of five treatment sessions. However, only administration of tDCS + CCT resulted in sustained antidepressant response at follow up, the magnitude of which was greater than that observed immediately following conclusion of the treatment course.


CONCLUSIONS
The results provide preliminary evidence that concurrent CCT enhances antidepressant outcomes from tDCS. In the current sample, participants receiving concurrent tDCS and CCT continued to improve following cessation of treatment. The clinical superiority of a combined therapeutic approach was apparent even in a small sample and following a relatively short treatment course.
Impact of irrigation water quality, irrigation systems, irrigation rates and soil amendments on tomato production in sandy calcareous soil

Low quality water for irrigation can impose a major environmental constraint to crop productivity. Effects of water quality, irrigation system, irrigation rates, and type of amendment on the yield and quality of tomato plants were investigated during the 2 growing seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. Two water quality treatments (fresh water with electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.86 dS m, and saline water with EC of 3.6 dS m), 2 drip irrigation systems (surface and subsurface), 3 irrigation rates (2, 4, and 6 L h) and 3 amendment types (clay deposit, and organic matter and without amendment) were applied. The results revealed that the water quality significantly affected both the yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The decreases in yields due to using low quality water were 39.2% and 17.6% for the first and second season, respectively. At a high irrigation rate (6 L h), tomato yields were higher and decreased significantly at a low irrigation rate (2 L h) in both seasons. When fresh water was used, the amendment type affected both the yield and WUE in both seasons. Clay deposit increased the yield by 11.7% and 15% in the control treatments in the first and second season, respectively. Low quality of irrigation water significantly increased fruit pH, and significantly decreased the other 3 traits (average fruit weight, total soluble solid, and fruit thickness). The influence of salinity was more obvious on average fruit weight than the other 2 traits. Application of clay deposits on sandy soils modifies the distribution of soil water content in the root zone area where water could be retained by clay deposits applied in the subsurface layer. Using saline water increased the salt accumulation in the surface to about 15 dS m compared with 5 dS m for fresh water treatments. The clay deposit amendments for subsurface sandy soils using good irrigation water show quite valuable effects in storing irrigation water and then enhance the root growth and the yield.
Effects of preoperative aspirin in coronary artery bypass grafting: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE
This trial was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of preoperative aspirin administration in a contemporary cardiac surgical practice setting.


METHODS
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-center trial involved patients with stable coronary artery disease who were assigned to receive either 300 mg of aspirin or placebo the night before coronary bypass surgery. Using a random digit table, patients were allocated to receive the tablet from 1 of the 40 coded bottles containing either aspirin or placebo. Patients, surgeons, anesthetists, and investigators were all masked to treatment allocation. The primary safety end points were as follows: more than 750 mL of bleeding during the first postoperative 12 hours and more than 1000 mL of total discharge from the chest drains. The secondary efficacy end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization.


RESULTS
A total of 390 patients were allocated to aspirin (387 analyzed) and 399 to placebo (396 analyzed). The follow-up median was 53 months. Fifty-four placebo recipients and 86 aspirin recipients bled more than 750 mL in the first 12 hours (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.63), while total chest drain discharge was above 1000 mL in 96 placebo and 131 aspirin recipients (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17-2.18). Preoperative aspirin decreased the long-term hazard of nonfatal coronary event (infarction or repeat revascularization)-hazard ratio (HR), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.33-0.99)--and tended to decrease the hazard of a major cardiac event (cardiovascular death, infarction, or repeat revascularization--HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.41-1.03]).


CONCLUSIONS
Performing coronary grafts on aspirin is associated with increased postoperative bleeding but may decrease the long-term hazard of coronary events.