LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting sustainable adoption of e-health technology in developing countries: an exploratory survey of Nigerian hospitals from the perspective of healthcare professionals

Background
E-health technology applications are essential tools of modern information technology that improve quality of healthcare delivery in hospitals of both developed and developing countries. However, despite its positive benefits, studies indicate that the rate of the e-health adoption in some developing countries is either low or underutilized. This is due in part, to barriers such as resistance from healthcare professionals, poor infrastructure, and low technical expertise among others.


Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate, identify and analyze the underlying factors that affect healthcare professionals decision to adopt and use e-health technology applications in developing countries, with particular reference to hospitals in Nigeria.


Methods
The study used a cross sectional approach in the form of a close-ended questionnaire to collect quantitative data from a sample of 465 healthcare professionals randomly selected from 15 hospitals in Nigeria. We used the modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the dependent variable and external factors as independent variables. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis such as frequency test, reliability analysis, and correlation coefficient analysis.


Results
The results obtained, which correspond with findings from other researches published, indicate that perceived usefulness, belief, willingness, as well as attitude of healthcare professionals have significant influence on their intention to adopt and use the e-health technology applications. Other strategic factors identified include low literacy level and experience in using the e-health technology applications, lack of motivation, poor organizational and management policies.


Conclusion
The study contributes to the literature by pinpointing significant areas where findings can positively affect, or be found useful by, healthcare policy decision makers in Nigeria and other developing countries. This can help them understand their areas of priorities and weaknesses when planning for e-health technology adoption and implementation.
The global kernel k-means clustering algorithm

Kernel k-means is an extension of the standard k-means clustering algorithm that identifies nonlinearly separable clusters. In order to overcome the cluster initialization problem associated with this method, in this work we propose the global kernel k-means algorithm, a deterministic and incremental approach to kernel-based clustering. Our method adds one cluster at each stage through a global search procedure consisting of several executions of kernel k-means from suitable initializations. This algorithm does not depend on cluster initialization, identifies nonlinearly separable clusters and, due to its incremental nature and search procedure, locates near optimal solutions avoiding poor local minima. Furthermore a modification is proposed to reduce the computational cost that does not significantly affect the solution quality. We test the proposed methods on artificial data and also for the first time we employ kernel k-means for MRI segmentation along with a novel kernel. The proposed methods compare favorably to kernel k-means with random restarts.
Fetal nasal bone length at 19-26 weeks' gestation in Vietnam.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish the normal range of fetal nasal bone length (NBL) at the second trimester of gestation in Vietnamese pregnancies. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 2432 singleton pregnancies were evaluated for fetal NBL at 19–26 weeks 6 days between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014. Three measurements of NBL were taken and the largest value was chosen. Fetal anomalies and neonatal abnormalities were excluded. Results: Mean fetal NBL was 6.75 ± 0.82 mm and mean gestational age was 22.2 ± 1.4 weeks. Median NBL increased linearly with advancing gestational age: NBL (mm) = 0.26 × gestational age (weeks) + 1.03 (R = 0.20; P < 0.000). The fifth percentile of fetal NBL ranged from 4.6 to 6.3 mm, corresponding with gestational age 19–26 weeks. Conclusion: The normal range ofNBLwas established at second trimester in Vietnamese pregnancies. NBL at the fifth percentile for gestational age was different from that of other Asian ethnicities. It is necessary to define short NBL or hypoplasia of NBL with regard to ethnicity.
Feature Learning based Deep Supervised Hashing with Pairwise Labels

Recent years have witnessed wide application of hashing for large-scale image retrieval. However, most existing hashing methods are based on handcrafted features which might not be optimally compatible with the hashing procedure. Recently, deep hashing methods have been proposed to perform simultaneous feature learning and hash-code learning with deep neural networks, which have shown better performance than traditional hashing methods with hand-crafted features. Most of these deep hashing methods are supervised whose supervised information is given with triplet labels. For another common application scenario with pairwise labels, there have not existed methods for simultaneous feature learning and hash-code learning. In this paper, we propose a novel deep hashing method, called deep pairwise-supervised hashing (DPSH), to perform simultaneous feature learning and hashcode learning for applications with pairwise labels. Experiments on real datasets show that our DPSH method can outperform other methods to achieve the state-of-the-art performance in image retrieval applications.
A clinical study of edentulous patients rehabilitated according to the "all on four" immediate function protocol.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare definitive acrylic resin prostheses with or without a cast metal framework that were immediately loaded and supported by axial and tilted implants in completely edentulous patients after 3 years of function.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients who were completely or partially edentulous in one or both arches with severe atrophy of the posterior regions were selected for this study. All patients immediately received prosthetic rehabilitations, each supported by four implants (two axial and two tilted). The patients were randomized to receive a definitive prosthesis with a cast metal framework or one made of acrylic resin only. Follow-up visits were performed up to 36 months after implant insertion and included radiographic assessments of bone levels around the implants.


RESULTS
Thirty-six patients participated, and 44 complete-arch immediately loaded prostheses (24 maxillary and 20 mandibular), each supported by four implants (in total 176 implants), were placed. In all, 21 screw-retained full-arch acrylic resin prostheses and 23 cast-metal-framework prostheses were delivered to the patients. The 3-year overall implant survival rate was 100% for axially positioned implants and 96.59% for tilted implants. Implant survival rates were 98.96% in the maxilla and 97.5% in the mandible. None of the 44 fixed prostheses were lost during the observation period, representing a prosthetic survival rate of 100%. No statistically significant differences were seen in crestal bone loss between tilted and axial implants at 12, 24, and 36 months in either arch.


CONCLUSIONS
The same clinical outcome was seen for patients treated with the so-called All on Four protocol, regardless of whether the acrylic resin restorations were reinforced with metal.
The Clipmap: A Virtual Mipmap

We describe theclipmap, a dynamic texture representation that efficiently caches textures of arbitrarily large size in a finite amount of physical memory for rendering at real-time rates. Further, we describe a software system for managing clipmaps that supports integration into demanding real-time applications. We show the scale and robustness of this integrated hardware/software architecture by reviewing an application virtualizing a 170 gigabyte texture at 60 Hertz. Finally, we suggest ways that other rendering systems may exploit the concepts underlying clipmaps to solve related problems. CR
Knowledge translation on dementia: a cluster randomized trial to compare a blended learning approach with a "classical" advanced training in GP quality circles

BACKGROUND
Thus far important findings regarding the dementia syndrome have been implemented into patients' medical care only inadequately. A professional training accounting for both, general practitioners' (GP) needs and learning preferences as well as care-relevant aspects could be a major step towards improving medical care. In the WIDA-study, entitled "Knowledge translation on dementia in general practice" two different training concepts are developed, implemented and evaluated. Both concepts are building on an evidence-based, GP-related dementia guideline and communicate the guideline's essential insights.


METHODS/DESIGN
Both development and implementation emphasize a procedure that is well-accepted in practice and, thus, can achieve a high degree of external validity. This is particularly guaranteed through the preparation of training material and the fact that general practitioners' quality circles (QC) are addressed. The evaluation of the two training concepts is carried out by comparing two groups of GPs to which several quality circles have been randomly assigned. The primary outcome is the GPs' knowledge gain. Secondary outcomes are designed to indicate the training's potential effects on the GPs' practical actions. In the first training concept (study arm A) GPs participate in a structured case discussion prepared for by internet-based learning material ("blended-learning" approach). The second training concept (study arm B) relies on frontal medical training in the form of a slide presentation and follow-up discussion ("classical" approach).


DISCUSSION
This paper presents the outline of a cluster-randomized trial which has been peer reviewed and support by a national funding organization--Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)--and is approved by an ethics commission. The data collection has started in August 2006 and the results will be published independently of the study's outcome.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials [ISRCTN36550981].
N. elongata Produces Type IV Pili That Mediate Interspecies Gene Transfer with N. gonorrhoeae

The genus Neisseria contains at least eight commensal and two pathogenic species. According to the Neisseria phylogenetic tree, commensals are basal to the pathogens. N. elongata, which is at the opposite end of the tree from N. gonorrhoeae, has been observed to be fimbriated, and these fimbriae are correlated with genetic competence in this organism. We tested the hypothesis that the fimbriae of N. elongata are Type IV pili (Tfp), and that Tfp functions in genetic competence. We provide evidence that the N. elongata fimbriae are indeed Tfp. Tfp, as well as the DNA Uptake Sequence (DUS), greatly enhance N. elongata DNA transformation. Tfp allows N. elongata to make intimate contact with N. gonorrhoeae and to mediate the transfer of antibiotic resistance markers between these two species. We conclude that Tfp functional for genetic competence is a trait of a commensal member of the Neisseria genus. Our findings provide a mechanism for the horizontal gene transfer that has been observed among Neisseria species.
Inferring Visual Persuasion via Body Language, Setting, and Deep Features

The computer vision community has reached a point when it can start considering high-level reasoning tasks such as the "communicative intents" of images, or in what light an image portrays its subject. For example, an image might imply that a politician is competent, trustworthy, or energetic. We explore a variety of features for predicting these communicative intents. We study a number of facial expressions and body poses as cues for the implied nuances of the politician's personality. We also examine how the setting of an image (e.g. kitchen or hospital) influences the audience's perception of the portrayed politician. Finally, we improve the performance of an existing approach on this problem, by learning intermediate cues using convolutional neural networks. We show state of the art results on the Visual Persuasion dataset of Joo et al. [11].
Comparative study of covered stent with coil embolization in the treatment of cranial internal carotid artery aneurysm: a nonrandomized prospective trial

To evaluate whether Willis covered stent implantation yielded angiographic and clinical results were better than those with coil embolization. Eighty-nine patients with cranial internal carotid artery (CICA) aneurysms were treated nonrandomly with covered stents (n = 43, group A) or coil embolization (n = 46, group B). Data on the technical success, procedure time, initial and final angiographic results, and final clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed at >6 months post-procedure. Covered stent placement and coil embolization were successful in all patients, except for one patient in group A. The initial angiographic results showed complete occlusion in 34 group-A patients (80.9%; 95% CI: 69%, 93%) and 24 group-B patients (52.2%; 95% CI: 37%, 67%) (P = 0.004). The final angiographic results indicated complete occlusion in 39 group A patients (39/41, 95.1%; 95% CI: 88%, 102%) and 22 group B patients (48.9%; 95% CI: 34%, 64%) (P < 0.001). The average procedure time was shorter in group A than that in group B (P < 0.001). CICA aneurysm treatment with covered stents yielded better intermediate-term angiographic outcome than those with the recommended approach of coil embolization. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01029938)
Hospitalisation of severely mentally ill patients with and without problematic substance use before and during Assertive Community Treatment: an observational cohort study

BACKGROUND
Co-occurring substance use increases the risk of hospitalisation in people with severe mental illness, whereas Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) generally reduces hospitalisation in patients with severe mental illness and high inpatient service use. Because the superiority of ACT over standard services amongst patients with problematic substance use is uncertain, the present study examined inpatient service use amongst patients with and without problematic substance use in the 2 years before and the 2 years after they enrolled into ACT teams.


METHODS
This naturalistic observational study included 142 patients of 12 different ACT teams throughout Norway. The teams assessed the patients upon enrolment into ACT using clinician-rated and self-reported questionnaires. We obtained hospitalisation data from the Norwegian Patient Register for the 2 years before and the 2 years after enrolment into ACT. We used linear mixed models to assess changes in hospitalisation and to explore associations between problematic substance use and changes in hospitalisation, controlling for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.


RESULTS
A total of 84 (59%) participants had problematic substance use upon enrolment into the ACT teams. In the 2 years after ACT enrolment both participants with and without problematic substance use experienced a reduction in total inpatient days. Those with problematic substance use also had fewer involuntary inpatient days. Exploratory analyses suggested that symptom severity and functioning level interacted with problematic substance use to influence change in total inpatient days.


CONCLUSION
These findings may suggest that ACT teams successfully support people with complex mental health problems in the community, including those with problematic substance use, and thereby contribute to a reduction in inpatient service use.
Petri Nets and Dependability

Dependability evaluation main objective is to assess the ability of a system to correctly function over time. There are many possible approaches to the evaluation of dependability: in these notes we are mainly concerned with dependability evaluation based on probabilistic models. Starting from simple probabilistic models with very efficient solution methods we shall then come to the main topic of the paper: how Petri nets can be used to evaluate the dependability of complex systems.
Dietary L-arginine supplementation improves intestinal function in weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge.

This study was conducted to determine whether L-arginine (Arg) supplementation could improve intestinal function in weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Treatments included: i) non-challenged control (CONTR, pigs fed a control diet and injected with sterile saline); ii) LPS-challenged control (LPS, pigs fed the same control diet and challenged by injection with Escherichia coli LPS); iii) LPS+0.5% Arg (pigs fed a 0.5% Arg diet and challenged with LPS); and iv) LPS+1.0% Arg (pigs fed a 1.0% Arg diet and challenged with LPS). On d 16, pigs were administrated with LPS or sterile saline. D-xylose was orally administrated at 2 h following LPS challenge, and blood samples were collected at 3 h following LPS challenge. At 6 h post-challenge, pigs were sacrificed and intestinal mucosa samples were collected. Supplementation of Arg attenuated LPS-induced damage in gut digestive and barrier functions, as indicated by an increase in ileal lactase activity, and duodenal and ileal diamine oxidase activities (p<0.05). Arg administration also prevented the increase of jejunal malondialdehyde content and the decrease of ileal superoxide dismutase activity by LPS challenge (p<0.05). Furthermore, the jejunal nitric oxide level and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity were also improved after Arg supplementation (p<0.05). These results indicate that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in alleviating the impairment of gut function induced by LPS challenge. (
An always-on 3.8μJ/86% CIFAR-10 mixed-signal binary CNN processor with all memory on chip in 28nm CMOS

The trend of pushing deep learning from cloud to edge due to concerns of latency, bandwidth, and privacy has created demand for low-energy deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The single-layer classifier in [1] achieves sub-nJ operation, but is limited to moderate accuracy on low-complexity tasks (90% on MNIST). Larger CNN chips provide dataflow computing for high-complexity tasks (AlexNet) at mJ energy [2], but edge deployment remains a challenge due to off-chip DRAM access energy. This paper describes a mixed-signal binary CNN processor that performs image classification of moderate complexity (86% on CIFAR-10) and employs near-memory computing to achieve a classification energy of 3.8μJ, a 40x improvement over TrueNorth [3]. We accomplish this using (1) the BinaryNet algorithm for CNNs with weights and activations constrained to +1/−1 [4], which drastically simplifies multiplications (XNOR) and allows integrating all memory on-chip; (2) an energy-efficient switched-capacitor (SC) neuron that addresses BinaryNet's challenge of wide vector summation; (3) architectural parallelism, parameter reuse, and locality.
A long-distance underwater laser communication system with photon-counting receiver

We design and demonstrate a long-distance underwater optical communication system with photon-counting receiver. Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to determine system parameters and estimate system performance. According to the simulation results, a Q-switched all solid state 532nm laser with pulse energy of 100uJ@10kHz is used as the optical source of transmitter. A telescope with 1° field of view, 100mm clear aperture, and a photon counting detector is used to collect the laser in the photon-counting receiver. We then present an experimental implementation in a long tank filled with clean water. The experimental results show that optical communication is established over a distance of 85m(∼24 optical attenuation lengths) at a data rate of 80kbps.
Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
This study compared the effectiveness of psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization with standard psychiatric care for patients with borderline personality disorder.


METHOD
Thirty-eight patients with borderline personality disorder, diagnosed according to standardized criteria, were allocated either to a partially hospitalized group or to a standard psychiatric care (control) group in a randomized controlled design. Treatment, which included individual and group psychoanalytic psychotherapy, was for a maximum of 18 months. Outcome measures included the frequency of suicide attempts and acts of self-harm, the number and duration of inpatient admissions, the use of psychotropic medication, and self-report measures of depression, anxiety, general symptom distress, interpersonal function, and social adjustment. Data analysis used repeated measures analysis of covariance and nonparametric tests of trend.


RESULTS
Patients who were partially hospitalized showed a statistically significant decrease on all measures in contrast to the control group, which showed limited change or deterioration over the same period. An improvement in depressive symptoms, a decrease in suicidal and self-mutilatory acts, reduced inpatient days, and better social and interpersonal function began at 6 months and continued until the end of treatment at 18 months.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization is superior to standard psychiatric care for patients with borderline personality disorder. Replication is needed with larger groups, but these results suggest that partial hospitalization may offer an alternative to inpatient treatment.
Higher anticholinergic drug scale (ADS) scores are associated with peripheral but not cognitive markers of cholinergic blockade. Cross sectional data from 21 Norwegian nursing homes.

AIM
This study evaluated a presumed gradual decline in cognitive function in nursing home residents when the anticholinergic drug scale (ADS) score increased above 3.


METHOD
The study population was recruited from 21 nursing homes in Norway. Criteria for inclusion were ADS score ≥ 3 and no severe dementia, defined as Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score < 3. Primary cognitive end points were CERAD 10-word lists for recall and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Secondary end points were activity of daily living (ADL), mouth dryness and serum anticholinergic activity (SAA). The patients were stratified into subgroups according to ADS score, i.e. a reference group with score 3 and test groups with scores 4, 5 or ≥6. End points were compared by analyses of covariance (ancova).


RESULTS
Overall, 230 of the 1101 screened nursing home residents (21%) had an ADS score ≥3. After exclusion 101 residents were recruited and among these, 87 managed to participate in the study. No significant differences were detected in cognitive function or ADL when ADS increased above 3 (P > 0.10), but in vivo (mouth dryness) and in vitro (SAA) measures of peripheral anticholinergic activity were significantly higher in patients with an ADS score ≥6 (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSION
The present study does not support a progressive decline in cognitive function with ADS score above 3. This might indicate that the ADS score model has limited potential to predict the clinical risk of central anticholinergic side effects in frail elderly patients receiving multiple anticholinergic drugs.