LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Spectrum Utilization of UHF Broadcast Band

The UHF band between 470-790 MHz, currently occupied by digital terrestrial TV (DTT) distribution in Europe, is widely regarded as a premium spectrum band for providing mobile coverage. With the exponential increase in wireless data traffic in recent years, there has been growing interests in gaining access to this spectrum band for wireless broadband services. The secondary access in TV White Space is considered as one cost-effective way to reuse the spectrum unoccupied by the primary DTT network. On the other hand, the declining influence of DTT and the converging trends of video consumption on TV and mobile platforms are new incentives for the regulator to reconsider the optimal utilization of the UHF broadcast band. The proposal to re-farm the UHF band for a converged content distribution network was born under theses circumstances. This thesis intends to develop a methodology for evaluating the technical performance of these options for utilizing UHF broadcast band and quantifying their gains in terms of achievable extra capacity and spectrum savings. For the secondary access in TV white space, our study indicates a considerable potential for low power secondary, which is mostly limited by the adjacent channel interference generated from the densely deployed secondary devices due to the cumulative effect of multichannel interference. On the other hand, this potential does not translate directly into capacity for a WiFi-like secondary system based on CSMA/CA protocol, as the network congestion and selfinterference within the secondary system has a greater impact on the network throughput than the primary interference constraint. Our study on the cellular content distribution network reveals more potential benefits for re-farming the UHF broadcast band and reallocating it for a converged platform. This platform is based on cellular infrastructure and can provide TV service with the same level of quality requirement as DTT by delivering the video content via either broadcast or unicast as the situation dictates. We have developed a resource manage framework to minimize its spectrum requirement for providing TV service and identified a significant amount of spectrum that can be reused by the converged platform to provide extra mobile broadband capacity in urban and sparsely populated rural areas. Overall, we have arrived at the conclusion that the concept of cellular content distribution in a re-farmed UHF band shows a more promising prospect than the secondary access in TV white space in the long run. Nevertheless, low power secondary is still considered as a flexible and low-cost way to exploit the underutilized spectrum in the short term, despite its uncertainty in future availability. On the other hand, the re-farming of UHF broadcast band is a long and difficult regulation process with substantial opposition from the incumbent.The results from this study could serve as input for future regulatory decisions on the UHF band allocation and cost-benefit analysis for deploying new systems to access this spectrum band.
Efficient heuristic for non-linear transportation problem on the route with multiple ports

We need a better transport planning tool for loading maximization and transport cost minimization on the voyage route with multiple loading/unloading (discharging) ports. The implemented heuristic algorithm is able to find out an appropriate routing sequence with maximal earnings and profit. In the same time it looks for minimal loading/discharging and transshipment costs, but with fulfillment of cargo demands in a number of ports on the route. The efficient algorithm for optimal transport of N cargo loads (e.g. contingent of containers) for ships with limited capacity is being developed. This efficient tool may significantly reduce transport costs and ensure maximal profit to freight forwarders. Also, it can be applied for supply chain management of different goods from numerous vendors. The proposed algorithm shows acceptable complexity that means that such optimization tool can be used in shipping supported with limited computing power.
A New Paleozoic Symmoriiformes (Chondrichthyes) from the Late Carboniferous of Kansas (USA) and Cladistic Analysis of Early Chondrichthyans

BACKGROUND
The relationships of cartilaginous fishes are discussed in the light of well preserved three-dimensional Paleozoic specimens. There is no consensus to date on the interrelationship of Paleozoic chondrichthyans, although three main phylogenetic hypotheses exist in the current literature: 1. the Paleozoic shark-like chondrichthyans, such as the Symmoriiformes, are grouped along with the modern sharks (neoselachians) into a clade which is sister group of holocephalans; 2. the Symmoriiformes are related to holocephalans, whereas the other Paleozoic shark-like chondrichthyans are related to neoselachians; 3. many Paleozoic shark-like chondrichthyans, such as the Symmoriiformes, are stem chondrichthyans, whereas stem and crown holocephalans are sister group to the stem and crown neoselachians in a crown-chondrichthyan clade. This third hypothesis was proposed recently, based mainly on dental characters.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
On the basis of two well preserved chondrichthyan neurocrania from the Late Carboniferous of Kansas, USA, we describe here a new species of Symmoriiformes, Kawichthys moodiei gen. et sp. nov., which was investigated by means of computerized X-ray synchrotron microtomography. We present a new phylogenetic analysis based on neurocranial characters, which supports the third hypothesis and corroborates the hypothesis that crown-group chondrichthyans (Holocephali+Neoselachii) form a tightly-knit group within the chondrichthyan total group, by providing additional, non dental characters.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Our results highlight the importance of new well preserved Paleozoic fossils and new techniques of observation, and suggest that a new look at the synapomorphies of the crown-group chondrichthyans would be worthwhile in terms of understanding the adaptive significance of phylogenetically important characters.
Short-term stock price prediction based on echo state networks

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.09.049 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 62777703. E-mail addresses: linxw05@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn com (Z. Yang), songyixu@sohu.com (Y. Song). Neural network has been popular in time series prediction in financial areas because of their advantages in handling nonlinear systems. This paper presents a study of using a novel recurrent neural network– echo state network (ESN) to predict the next closing price in stock markets. The Hurst exponent is applied to adaptively determine initial transient and choose sub-series with greatest predictability during training. The experiment results on nearly all stocks of S&P 500 demonstrate that ESN outperforms other conventional neural networks in most cases. Experiments also indicate that if we include principle component analysis (PCA) to filter noise in data pretreatment and choose appropriate parameters, we can effectively prevent coarse prediction performance. But in most cases PCA improves the prediction accuracy only a little. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cloud task scheduling based on ant colony optimization

Cloud computing is the development of distributed computing, parallel computing and grid computing, or defined as the commercial implementation of these computer science concepts. One of the fundamental issues in this environment is related to task scheduling. Cloud task scheduling is an NP-hard optimization problem, and many meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed to solve it. A good task scheduler should adapt its scheduling strategy to the changing environment and the types of tasks. In this paper a cloud task scheduling policy based on ant colony optimization algorithm compared with different scheduling algorithms FCFS and round-robin, has been presented. The main goal of these algorithms is minimizing the makespan of a given tasks set. Ant colony optimization is random optimization search approach that will be used for allocating the incoming jobs to the virtual machines. Algorithms have been simulated using Cloudsim toolkit package. Experimental results showed that the ant colony optimization outperformed FCFS and round-robin algorithms.
Neural Network Detection of Data Sequences in Communication Systems

We consider detection based on deep learning, and show it is possible to train detectors that perform well without any knowledge of the underlying channel models. Moreover, when the channel model is known, we demonstrate that it is possible to train detectors that do not require channel state information (CSI). In particular, a technique we call a sliding bidirectional recurrent neural network (SBRNN) is proposed for detection where, after training, the detector estimates the data in real time as the signal stream arrives at the receiver. We evaluate this algorithm, as well as other neural network (NN) architectures, using the Poisson channel model, which is applicable to both optical and molecular communication systems. In addition, we also evaluate the performance of this detection method applied to data sent over a molecular communication platform, where the channel model is difficult to model analytically. We show that SBRNN is computationally efficient, and can perform detection under various channel conditions without knowing the underlying channel model. We also demonstrate that the bit error rate performance of the proposed SBRNN detector is better than that of a Viterbi detector with imperfect CSI as well as that of other NN detectors that have been previously proposed. Finally, we show that the SBRNN can perform well in rapidly changing channels, where the coherence time is on the order of a single symbol duration.
The Third International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff: Word Segmentation and Named Entity Recognition

The Third International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff was held in Spring 2006 to assess the state of the art in two important tasks: word segmentation and named entity recognition. Twenty-nine groups submitted result sets in the two tasks across two tracks and a total of five corpora. We found strong results in both tasks as well as continuing challenges.
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy for studying chemical effects of environmental factors on microbial signalling: Redox processes involving iron(III) and some microbial autoinducer molecules

Abstract Diverse processes of microbial remote intercellular communication as well as the exchange of molecular signals between microbial cells and their host macroorganisms, involving specific low-molecular-mass diffusible substances (used as a ‘chemical language’), are at the peak of current research in biosciences. This fundamental interest is due to the unique possibility of controlling the microbial behaviour and metabolism by influencing merely their signalling pathways. On the other hand, abiotic impact of the environment (medium) on extracellular molecular signals is also of great importance, as any of their chemical interactions (e.g., complexation or oxidation) represent direct interferences in the process of ‘signal delivery’ through the medium. In this work, chemical interactions of microbial extracellular molecular signals (alkylresorcinols (AR), homoserine lactone (HL) – chemical analogues of microbial autoregulatory substances) with iron(III) were monitored using freeze-quench 57 Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy in moderately acidic aqueous solutions as well as in the dried solids obtained thereof. The conditions applied were designed to simulate possible processes occurring in soils, where ferric iron is commonly ubiquitous. Gradual reduction of iron(III) by AR was observed, coupled to oxidative degradation of the organics, in solution, while iron(II) also remained dominant upon drying, whereas for HL, some iron(II) was detected in the dried solid only. The iron(III) reduction rate in solution for AR with a longer alkyl chain (4- n -C 6 ) was found to be much higher than that for the methyl (5-C 1 )-substituted derivative, pointing to the importance of the structure (i.e., the position and/or the nature of the alkyl substituent) of the alkylresorcinol molecule for the redox process rate. The results obtained indicate that ARs can be readily oxidised abiotically by soil iron(III) in moderately acidic media, thus being excluded from signalling pathways, which is equal to “message undelivery”, directly affecting microbial autoregulation.
Metamorphic GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells with ≫ 41 % efficiency

The use of lattice-mismatched materials offers an additional degree of freedom to the design of an optimum bandgap combination in a multi-junction solar cell. This allows for achieving higher conversion efficiencies compared to state-of-the-art lattice-matched systems if the material quality of the pn-junctions can be kept sufficiently high. Work performed at the Fraunhofer ISE on metamorphic GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells with 1.2% lattice-mismatch between the middle and bottom cell recently yielded a new record efficiency of 41.1% under 454-fold concentration of the AM1.5d spectrum. This paper summarizes the main benefits of the metamorphic solar cell approach and discusses some of the challenges associated with the development of this device structure.
A comprehensive quadratic assignment problem for an integrated layout design of final assembly line and manufacturing feeder cells

Article history: Received June 25, 2016 Received in revised format: October 2, 2016 Accepted October 2, 2016 Available online October 3 2016 Assembly lines and cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) design have been widely used in the literature. However the integration of these manufacturing concepts is neglected in an environment where parts need to be assembled after production in different shops. In this paper, a comprehensive quadratic assignment problem is developed for the assignment of machines of each part manufacturing cell, sub-assembly tasks of each sub-assembly cell as well as the assignment of different cells and final assembly tasks within the shop floor in their relevant predetermined locations. A genetic algorithm (GA) as well as a memetic algorithm (MA) consisting of the proposed GA and Tabu search (TS) algorithm are proposed and implemented on different size numerical examples. The obtained results show the efficiency of both algorithms to reach near optimal solutions compared to the optimal solution of small-sized problems. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 7 © 201
Prospecting: From Reader Response to Literary Anthropology

"An important transitional book, usefully summarizing the past and thoughtfully mapping out the future of a significant critic's theoretical project."--'Modern Philology.' "There is a much greater emphasis on the reader's function as `performer' of the text in 'Prospecting' than in Iser's other books. The two brilliant chapters on Beckett's fiction and drama are crucial here...Literature becomes `play' and `game,' and the reader becomes a performer of himself. This idea of performance becomes central to Iser's new theory. Art does not present life; it performs it."--'Yearbook of English Studies.'
Lower serum potassium associated with increased mortality in dialysis patients: A nationwide prospective observational cohort study in Korea

BACKGROUND
Abnormal serum potassium concentration has been suggested as a risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing dialysis patients. We investigated the impact of serum potassium levels on survival according to dialysis modality.


METHODS
A nationwide, prospective, observational cohort study for end stage renal disease patients has been ongoing in Korea since August 2008. Our analysis included patients whose records contained data regarding serum potassium levels. The relationship between serum potassium and mortality was analyzed using competing risk regression.


RESULTS
A total of 3,230 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD, 64.3%) or peritoneal dialysis (PD, 35.7%) were included. The serum potassium level was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in PD (median, 4.5 mmol/L; interquartile range, 4.0-4.9 mmol/L) than in HD patients (median, 4.9 mmol/L; interquartile range, 4.5-5.4 mmol/L). During 4.4 ± 1.7 years of follow-up, 751 patients (23.3%) died, mainly from cardiovascular events (n = 179) and infection (n = 120). In overall, lower serum potassium level less than 4.5 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for mortality after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and nutritional status (sub-distribution hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.53; P = 0.002). HD patients showed a U-shaped survival pattern, suggesting that both lower and higher potassium levels were deleterious, although insignificant. However, in PD patients, only lower serum potassium level (<4.5 mmol/L) was an independent predictor of mortality (sub-distribution hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.80; P = 0.048).


CONCLUSION
Lower serum potassium levels (<4.5 mmol/L) occur more commonly in PD than in HD patients. It represents an independent predictor of survival in overall dialysis, especially in PD patients. Therefore, management of dialysis patients should focus especially on reducing the risk of hypokalemia, not only that of hyperkalemia.
A matrix-free cone complementarity approach for solving large-scale , nonsmooth , rigid body dynamics Preprint ANL / MCS-P 1692-1109

This paper proposes an iterative method that can simulate mechanical systems featuring a large number of contacts and joints between rigid bodies. The numerical method behaves as a contractive mapping that converges to the solution of a cone complementarity problem by means of iterated fixed-point steps with separable projections onto convex manifolds. Since computational speed and robustness are important issues when dealing with a large number of frictional contacts, we have performed special algorithmic optimizations in order to translate the numerical scheme into a matrix-free algorithm with O(n) space complexity and easy implementation. A modified version, that can run on parallel computers is discussed. A multithreaded version of the method has been used to simulate systems with more than a million contacts with friction.
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND
Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent that has been shown to reduce total mortality compared to other anti-hyperglycemic agents, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis, and to evaluate blood lactate levels, for those on metformin treatment compared to placebo or non-metformin therapies.


SEARCH STRATEGY
A comprehensive search was performed of electronic databases to identify studies of metformin treatment. The search was augmented by scanning references of identified articles, and by contacting principal investigators.


SELECTION CRITERIA
Prospective trials and observational cohort studies in patients with type 2 diabetes of least one month duration were included if they evaluated metformin, alone or in combination with other treatments, compared to placebo or any other glucose-lowering therapy.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis was recorded as cases per patient-years, for metformin treatment and for non-metformin treatments. The upper limit for the true incidence of cases was calculated using Poisson statistics. In a second analysis lactate levels were measured as a net change from baseline or as mean treatment values (basal and stimulated by food or exercise) for treatment and comparison groups. The pooled results were recorded as a weighted mean difference (WMD) in mmol/L, using the fixed-effect model for continuous data.


MAIN RESULTS
Pooled data from 347 comparative trials and cohort studies revealed no cases of fatal or nonfatal lactic acidosis in 70,490 patient-years of metformin use or in 55,451 patients-years in the non-metformin group. Using Poisson statistics the upper limit for the true incidence of lactic acidosis per 100,000 patient-years was 4.3 cases in the metformin group and 5.4 cases in the non-metformin group. There was no difference in lactate levels, either as mean treatment levels or as a net change from baseline, for metformin compared to non-metformin therapies.


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence from prospective comparative trials or from observational cohort studies that metformin is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis, or with increased levels of lactate, compared to other anti-hyperglycemic treatments.
AgileEVM - earned value management in Scrum Projects

Scrum is an agile project management framework. This framework specifically focuses on maximizing return on investment (ROI). Scrum, however, does not define how to manage and track costs to evaluate actual ROI against the vision. A reasonable cost measurement that integrates with Scrum would help provide an additional feedback loop. We adapted earned value management (EVM), using values defined in Scrum. The result is called AgileEVM (agile earned value management) and is a simplified set of earned value calculations. From the values in Scrum, we derived a release date estimate using mean velocity and from this equation, generated an equivalent equation using traditional EVM techniques, thus establishing the validity of using EVM with the Scrum framework. Finally, we used this technique on two projects to further test our hypothesis. This investigation also helped us determine the utility of AgileEVM
Math 180B Homework 1 Solutions

be the first time that the Markov chain reaches a state in A. Then for each i ∈ S \ A, we have E[T | X0 = i] = 1 + ∑ j∈S\A P (X1 = j | X0 = i)E[T | X0 = j]. Proof. Suppose i ∈ S \ A and j ∈ S. By the Markov property and time homogeneity, we have E[T | X0 = i,X1 = j] = ∞ ∑ n=0 P (T > n | X0 = i,X1 = j) = ∞ ∑ n=0 P (X0 / ∈ A, . . . , Xn / ∈ A | X0 = i,X1 = j) = 1 + ∞ ∑ n=1 P (X1 / ∈ A, . . . , Xn / ∈ A | X0 = i,X1 = j) = 1 + ∞ ∑ n=1 P (X1 / ∈ A, . . . , Xn / ∈ A | X1 = j) = 1 + ∞ ∑ n=1 P (X0 / ∈ A, . . . , Xn−1 / ∈ A | X0 = j) = 1 + ∞ ∑ n=1 P (T ≥ n | X1 = j) = 1 + E[T | X0 = j]. Also, note that if j ∈ A, then E[T | X0 = j] = 0. Therefore, by first-step analysis, if i / ∈ A, then E[T | X0 = i] = ∞ ∑ n=0 nP (T = n | X0 = i)
Human-Machine-Learner Interaction : The Best of Both Worlds

Paste the appropriate copyright statement here. ACM now supports three different copyright statements: • ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach. • License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license. • Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced in a sans-serif 7 point font. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract This position statement presents a notional framework for more tightly integrating interactive visual systems with machine learning. We posit that increasingly, powerful systems will be built for data analysis and consumer use that leverage the best of both human insight and raw computing power by effectively integrating machine learning and human interaction. We note some existing contributions to this space and provide a framework that organizes existing efforts and illuminates future endeavors by suggesting the categories of machine learning algorithm and interaction type that are most germane to this integration.