LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial of Human Fetal Brain-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Patients with Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

In a phase I/IIa open-label and nonrandomized controlled clinical trial, we sought to assess the safety and neurological effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs) transplanted into the injured cord after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Of 19 treated subjects, 17 were sensorimotor complete and 2 were motor complete and sensory incomplete. hNSPCs derived from the fetal telencephalon were grown as neurospheres and transplanted into the cord. In the control group, who did not receive cell implantation but were otherwise closely matched with the transplantation group, 15 patients with traumatic cervical SCI were included. At 1 year after cell transplantation, there was no evidence of cord damage, syrinx or tumor formation, neurological deterioration, and exacerbating neuropathic pain or spasticity. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improved in 5 of 19 transplanted patients, 2 (A → C), 1 (A → B), and 2 (B → D), whereas only one patient in the control group showed improvement (A → B). Improvements included increased motor scores, recovery of motor levels, and responses to electrophysiological studies in the transplantation group. Therefore, the transplantation of hNSPCs into cervical SCI is safe and well-tolerated and is of modest neurological benefit up to 1 year after transplants. This trial is registered with Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Registration Number: KCT0000879.
Bi-modal First Impressions Recognition using Temporally Ordered Deep Audio and Stochastic Visual Features

We propose a novel approach for First Impressions Recognition in terms of the Big Five personality-traits from short videos. The Big Five personality traits is a model to describe human personality using five broad categories: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness. We train two bi-modal end-to-end deep neural network architectures using temporally ordered audio and novel stochastic visual features from few frames, without over-fitting. We empirically show that the trained models perform exceptionally well, even after training from a small sub-portions of inputs. Our method is evaluated in ChaLearn LAP 2016 Apparent Personality Analysis (APA) competition using ChaLearn LAP APA2016 dataset and achieved excellent performance.
Simple model of spiking neurons

A model is presented that reproduces spiking and bursting behavior of known types of cortical neurons. The model combines the biologically plausibility of Hodgkin-Huxley-type dynamics and the computational efficiency of integrate-and-fire neurons. Using this model, one can simulate tens of thousands of spiking cortical neurons in real time (1 ms resolution) using a desktop PC.
A Summary Report of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Profession and Practice of Marriage and Family Therapy

This purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the cost-effectiveness research for the profession and practice of marriage and family therapy. Studies based on four sources of data were considered: (1) a western United States HMO covering 180,000 subscribers; (2) the Kansas State Medicaid system with over 300,000 beneficiaries; (3) Cigna, a large Unites States health insurance benefits management company with more than nine million subscribers; and (4) a marriage and family therapy training clinic in the western United States serving approximately 300 individuals and families a year. Results from the studies support the potential for a medical offset effect after couple or family therapy, with the largest reduction occurring for high utilizers of health care. The studies also show that covering family therapy as a treatment option and marriage and family therapists as a provider group is not associated with significantly higher treatment costs. An application of cost-effectiveness methodology to medical family therapy is also
The importance of classification in sympathetic surgery and a proposed mechanism for compensatory hyperhidrosis: experience with 464 cases

Compensatory hyperhidrosis is the most troublesome side effect and the leading cause of regret with sympathetic surgery. A new classification is proposed to make the procedure more selective and to minimize the side effects and regret rate. Also, a proposed mechanism for compensatory hyperhidrosis is discussed. Between January 2002 and July 2003, 464 patients with various sympathetic disorders underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy/sympathicotomy (ETS) or sympathetic block by clipping (ESB) at various levels according to the authors’ classification. The surgery was performed on an outpatient basis. The rates of success, compensatory hyperhidrosis, and regret were recorded. All the patients were followed up for 17 to 35 months. All excessive sweating was effectively stopped to varying degrees. The 25 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who insisted on receiving ETS of T4 experienced no compensatory hyperhidrosis. Of the 54 patients with facial blushing who received ESB of T2, 23 experienced compensatory hyperhidrosis. Nine patients expressed regret and requested removal of the clips. Of the 33 patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis who received ESB of T3, 9 experienced compensatory hyperhidrosis. Three expressed regret, and reverse procedures were performed. For 324 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis receiving ESB of T4, no compensatory hyperhidrosis was found. Only two expressed regret because of discomfort. No compensatory hyperhidrosis or regret was noted with 28 patients who received ESB of T5 for axillary sweating. There was no recurrence in the entire series. Different procedures are recommended for different sympathetic disorders according to the classification. The higher the level of sympathetic ganglion blockade, the higher is the regret rate. Therefore, for T2 and T3 ganglion, endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block by the clipping method is strongly recommended because of its reversibility.
Marginal bone level changes and prosthetic maintenance of mandibular overdentures supported by 2 implants: a 5-year randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Documentation of early loading of mandibular overdentures supported by different implant systems is scarce.


PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the biologic and prosthetic outcome of mandibular overdentures supported by unsplinted early-loaded one- and two-stage oral implants after 5 years of function.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-eight consecutive patients were screened following an inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly allocated to treatment groups. Ball-retained mandibular overdentures were fabricated on two unsplinted Straumann (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) and Brånemark (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) dental implants and subjected to an early-loading protocol. During the 5-year period, prosthetic complications were recorded. At 5-years of function, plaque, peri-implant inflammation, bleeding, and calculus index scores were recorded, and standard periapical radiographs were obtained from each implant for measurement of marginal bone loss.


RESULTS
All implants survived during the observation period. The peri-implant inflammation, bleeding, and calculus index scores around Straumann and Brånemark implants were similar (p > .05). The marginal bone loss around Brånemark implants (1.21 +/- 0.1) was higher than Straumann implants (0.73 +/- 0.06) at 5 years of function (p = .002). Kaplan-Meier tests revealed that 1- and 5-year survival of overdentures on Straumann and Brånemark implants were similar (p = .85). Wear of the ball abutment in the Brånemark group was higher than in the Straumann group (p < .05). Complications regarding the retainer and the need for occlusal adjustments were higher in the Straumann group (p < .05). Chi-square test revealed that the frequency of retightening of the retainer was higher in the Straumann group than in the Brånemark group (p < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Mandibular overdentures supported by unsplinted early-loaded Straumann and Brånemark implants lead to similar peri-implant soft tissue and prosthetic outcomes, although higher marginal bone loss could be observed around Brånemark implants after 5 years.
Effect of multivitamin and vitamin A supplements on weight gain during pregnancy among HIV-1-infected women.

BACKGROUND
The pattern of weight gain during pregnancy among HIV-infected women is largely unknown. Multivitamin supplementation was shown to be effective in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-positive women. These protective effects could be mediated in part by an improvement in the pattern of gestational weight gain.


OBJECTIVE
We examined the effects of multivitamin and vitamin A supplements on weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy among HIV-infected women.


DESIGN
We enrolled 1075 pregnant, HIV-1-positive women from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, we assigned each woman to 1 of 4 regimens: multivitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and vitamins B-6, B-12, C, and E), vitamin A, multivitamins including vitamin A, or placebo. The women took these oral supplements daily and were weighed monthly until the end of pregnancy.


RESULTS
The mean rate of weight gain was 306 g/wk during the second trimester and 247 g/wk during the third trimester. During the third trimester, average weight gain was significantly greater (by 304 g; 95% CI: 17, 590; P = 0.04) and the risk of low rate of weight gain (<or= 100 g/wk) was significantly lower (relative risk: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.93) in women who received multivitamins than in women who did not. Multivitamins including vitamin A were protective against low weight gain during the second trimester compared with multivitamins alone.


CONCLUSION
Multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy improves the pattern of weight gain among HIV-infected women.
Whooping cough in school age children with persistent cough: prospective cohort study in primary care.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the proportion of school age children with a persistent cough who have evidence of a recent Bordetella pertussis infection.


DESIGN
Prospective cohort study (October 2001 to March 2005).


SETTING
General practices in Oxfordshire, England.


PARTICIPANTS
172 children aged 5-16 years who presented to their general practitioner with a cough lasting 14 days or more who consented to have a blood test.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Serological evidence of a recent Bordetella pertussis infection; symptoms at presentation; duration and severity of cough; sleep disturbance (parents and child).


RESULTS
64 (37.2%, 95% confidence interval 30.0% to 44.4%) children had serological evidence of a recent Bordetella pertussis infection; 55 (85.9%) of these children had been fully immunised. At presentation, children with whooping cough were more likely than others to have whooping (odds ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 5.82), vomiting (4.35, 2.04 to 9.25), and sputum production (2.39, 1.14 to 5.02). Children with whooping cough were also more likely to still be coughing two months after the start of their illness (85% v 48%; P = 0.001), continue to have more than five coughing episodes a day (P = 0.049), and cause sleep disturbance for their parents (P = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
For school age children presenting to primary care with a cough lasting two weeks or more, a diagnosis of whooping cough should be considered even if the child has been immunised. Making a secure diagnosis of whooping cough may prevent inappropriate investigations and treatment.
Superior compliance with a neuromuscular training programme is associated with fewer ACL injuries and fewer acute knee injuries in female adolescent football players: secondary analysis of an RCT.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about the influence of compliance with neuromuscular training (NMT) on the knee injury rate in football.


AIM
To evaluate team and player compliance with an NMT programme in adolescent female football and to study the association between compliance and acute knee injury rates.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study based on a cluster randomised controlled trial on players aged 12-17 years with 184 intervention teams (2471 players) and 157 control teams (2085 players). Exposure and acute time loss knee injuries were recorded. Team and player compliance was recorded by the coaches on a player attendance form. The intervention group was divided into tertiles of compliance. Injury rates were compared by calculating rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs using exact Poisson tests with the low-compliance tertile as reference. Seasonal compliance trends were analysed using linear regression.


RESULTS
Players in the high-compliance tertile had an 88% reduction in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.85), whereas the rate in the control group players was not significantly different from those in the low-compliance tertile (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.21). A significant deterioration occurred in team (b=-3.0% per month, 95% CI -5.2 to -0.8) and player (b=-5.0% per month, 95% CI -7.1 to -2.9) compliance over the season.


CONCLUSIONS
Players with high compliance with the NMT programme had significantly reduced ACL injury rate compared with players with low compliance. Significant deterioration in team and player compliance occurred over the season.
Calcitriol and calcium regulate cytokine production and adipocyte-macrophage cross-talk.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcitriol on adipocyte and macrophage cytokine expression as well as release and on adipocyte-macrophage cross-talk in local modulation of inflammation.


RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
We investigated calcitriol modulation of the expression of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) and macrophage surface-specific protein CD14, two key factors in regulating macrophage function and survival, in differentiated human adipocytes. Calcitriol significantly increased MIF and CD14 expression by 59% and 33%, respectively, while calcium-channel antagonism with nifedipine completely reversed these effects, indicating that calcitriol stimulates MIF and CD14 expression via a calcium-dependent mechanism. Similar results were also found in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes; in addition, calcitriol also up-regulated macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and stimulated tumor necrosis factor as well as IL-6 expression in RAW 264 macrophages. These effects were blocked by either a calcium-channel antagonist (nifedipine) or a mitochondrial uncoupler (dinitrophenol). Moreover, co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with RAW 264 macrophages significantly increased the expression and production of multiple inflammatory cytokines in response to calcitriol in both cell types.


CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that calcitriol regulates local inflammation via modulating the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages as well as regulating inflammatory cytokine production in each cell type via calcium-dependent and mitochondrial uncoupling-dependent mechanisms. These data provide further mechanistic explanation for our recent observations that suppression of calcitriol by dietary calcium reduces inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress in adipose tissue.
Concepts Behind Divergent Ergodic Averages along the Squares

In this paper we discuss the heuristic background of our work about divergent squares which states that the sequence {k 2 } 1=1 is L 1 -universally bad. Our goal is to present the main ideas without getting distracted by some of the technical details. � Supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research T049727.
Kaluza-Klein Picture of the World and Global Solution of the Spectral Problem

We suggest that Kaluza-Klein idea may provide the global solution of the spectral problem in hadronic spectroscopy.
The smart card detective: a hand-held EMV interceptor

Several vulnerabilities have been found in the EMV system (also known as Chip and PIN). Saar Drimer and Steven Murdoch have successfully implemented a relay attack against EMV using a fake terminal. Recently the same authors have found a method to successfully complete PIN transactions without actually entering the correct PIN. The press has published this vulnerability but they reported such scenario as being hard to execute in practice because it requires specialized and complex hardware. As proposed by Ross Anderson and Mike Bond in 2006, I decided to create a miniature man-in-the-middle device to defend smartcard users against relay attacks. As a result of my MPhil project work I created a hand-held device, called Smart Card Defender (SCD), which intercepts the communication between smartcard and terminal. The device has been built using a low cost ATMEL AT90USB1287 microcontroller and other readily available electronic components. The total cost of the SCD has been around £100, but an industrial version could be produced for less than £20. I implemented several applications using the SCD, including the defense against the relay attack as well as the recently discovered vulnerability to complete a transaction without using the correct PIN. All the applications have been successfully tested on CAP readers and live terminals. Even more, I have performed real tests using the SCD at several shops in town. From the experiments using the SCD, I have noticed some particularities of the CAP protocol compared to the EMV standard. I have also discovered that the smartcard does not follow the physical transport protocol exactly. Such findings are presented in detail, along with a discussion of the results.
ON THE PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS : A NOVEL ZCT PRECODING BASED SLM TECHNIQUE

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is still an important challenge in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we propose a novel Zadoff-Chu matrix Transform (ZCT) precoding based Selected Mapping (SLM) technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems. This technique is based on precoding the constellation symbols with ZCT precoder after the multiplication of phase rotation factor and before the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) in the SLM based OFDM (SLMOFDM) Systems. Computer simulation results show that, the proposed technique can reduce PAPR up to 5.2 dB for N=64 (System subcarriers) and V=16 (Dissimilar phase sequences), at clip rate of 10. Additionally, ZCT based SLM-OFDM (ZCT-SLM-OFDM) systems also take advantage of frequency variations of the communication channel and can also offer substantial performance gain in fading multipath channels.
Diabetes, Psychiatric Disorders, and the Metabolic Effects of Antipsychotic Medications

Diabetes is considered to be one of the most psychologically demanding of the chronic medical illnesses and is often associated with several psychiatric disorders. Antipsychotic medications, first introduced in the 1950s, are a vital component of the medical management of several of these psychiatric disorders. These medications are often prescribed by nonpsychiatric physicians. During the period 1997–2000, according to a large U.S. survey, nearly 1% of all health care visits resulted in an antipsychotic prescription, and almost one-third of these prescriptions were written by nonpsychiatrists.1 The use of newer “atypical” antipsychotics, in particular risperidone and olanzapine, increased during this period, whereas the use of conventional antipsychotics decreased. This article will review the atypical, or second-generation, antipsychotics and their current uses. The relationship between diabetes and two of the most frequent indications for the use of these medications (schizophrenia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia) will be examined. Additionally, this article will explore the complex association between antipsychotic medications and obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemias.
Unravelling the potential mechanisms behind hospitalization-associated disability in older patients; the Hospital-Associated Disability and impact on daily Life (Hospital-ADL) cohort study protocol

BACKGROUND
Over 30 % of older patients experience hospitalization-associated disability (HAD) (i.e., loss of independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)) after an acute hospitalization. Despite its high prevalence, the mechanisms that underlie HAD remain elusive. This paper describes the protocol for the Hospital-Associated Disability and impact on daily Life (Hospital-ADL) study, which aims to unravel the potential mechanisms behind HAD from admission to three months post-discharge.


METHODS/DESIGN
The Hospital-ADL study is a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study aiming to recruit 400 patients aged ≥70 years that are acutely hospitalized at departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology or Geriatrics, involving six hospitals in the Netherlands. Eligible are patients hospitalized for at least 48 h, without major cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination score ≥15), who have a life expectancy of more than three months, and without disablement in all six ADLs. The study will assess possible cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial, physical, and biological factors of HAD. Data will be collected through: 1] medical and demographical data; 2] personal interviews, which includes assessment of cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychosocial functioning, physical functioning, and health care utilization; 3] physical performance tests, which includes gait speed, hand grip strength, balance, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and an activity tracker (Fitbit Flex), and; 4] analyses of blood samples to assess inflammatory and metabolic markers. The primary endpoint is additional disabilities in ADLs three months post-hospital discharge compared to ADL function two weeks prior to hospital admission. Secondary outcomes are health care utilization, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical performance tests, and mortality. There will be at least five data collection points; within 48 h after admission (H1), at discharge (H3), and at one (P1; home visit), two (P2; by telephone) and three months (P3; home visit) post-discharge. If the patient is admitted for more than five days, additional measurements will be planned during hospitalization on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (H2).


DISCUSSION
The Hospital-ADL study will provide information on cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial, physical, and biological factors associated with HAD and will be collected during and following hospitalization. These data may inform new interventions to prevent or restore hospitalization-associated disability.
SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY: FOUNDATIONS, ELABORATIONS, AND APPLICATION OF A THEORY OF JUSTICE

In this essay Salazar explores the extent to which Political Action and Democratic Participation as basic tenets of democratic life are grounded on the concepts of social justice and human rights.