LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Induction chemotherapy followed by alternating chemo-radiotherapy in stage IV undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

In locally advanced undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC), concomitant chemo-radiotherapy is the only strategy that gave better results over radiation alone in a phase III trial. Adding effective chemotherapy to a concomitant chemo-radiotherapy programme may be a way to improve the results further. 30 patients with previously untreated T4 and/or N2–3 undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma were consecutively enrolled and initially treated with 3 courses of epidoxorubicin, 90 mg/m2, day 1 and cisplatin, 40 mg/m2, days 1 and 2, every 3 weeks. After a radiological and clinical response assessment patients underwent 3 courses of cisplatin, 20 mg/m2/day, days 1–4 and fluorouracil, 200 mg/m2/day, days 1–4, i.v. bolus, (weeks 1, 4, 7) alternated to 3 courses of radiation (week 2–3, 5–6, 8–9–10), with a single daily fractionation, up to 70 Gy. WHO histology was type 2 in 30% and type 3 in 70% of the patients. 57% had T4 and 77% N2–3 disease. All the patients are evaluable for toxicity and response. All but one received 3 courses of induction chemotherapy. Toxicity was mild to moderate in any case. At the end of the induction phase 10% of CRs, 83.3% of PRs and 6.7% of SD were recorded. All the patients but one had the planned number of chemotherapy courses in the alternating phase and all received the planned radiation dose. One patient out of 3 developed grade III–IV mucositis. Haematological toxicity was generally mild to moderate. At the final response evaluation 86.7% of CRs and 13.3% of PRs were observed. At a median follow-up of 31 months, 13.3% of patients had a loco-regional progression and 20% developed distant metastases. The 3-year actuarial progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 64% and 83%. Induction chemotherapy followed by alternating chemo-radiotherapy is feasible and patients’ compliance optimal. This approach showed a very promising activity on locally advanced UNPC and merits to be investigated in phase III studies. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com
Teaching Security Engineering Principles

Abstract : The design and construction of secure systems cannot be entirely captured in textbooks or class notes, but must be taught as an art which is learned through apprenticeship and practice. This paper describes a course in Secure Systems that uses the Flaw Hypothesis Methodology for penetration testing as a vehicle for motivating and teaching students fundamental principles of security engineering.
Variations in single/two stage thyroidectomies for cancer may be due to differences in thyroid fine needle cytology provision.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Recommended treatment for thyroid cancers >10 mm is single stage total thyroidectomy (SST). Cancers diagnosed by diagnostic lobectomy may need completion surgery resulting in two stage thyroidectomies (TST). We noticed significant variation in numbers of SST and TST between hospitals within our cancer network and explored reasons for this using a prospective database containing all cases from 2004 to 2011 (n = 1030). We therefore conducted a survey of thyroid cytology provision across the network during 2010-2011.


METHODS
A central university hospital with the largest caseload (21.5% of total) was chosen as "benchmark". Of 14 remaining hospitals 3 were excluded from analysis due to low thyroid operation numbers and the remaining compared with benchmark. We used individual chi-squared tests with Bonferroni correction to explore variation in expected and observed numbers of SST/TST. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine reasons for observed differences.


RESULTS
Significant variance in SST/TST was seen between hospitals (p < 0.00001). Three hospitals had frequencies of SST statistically similar to reference hospital; each reported 201-300 thyroid cytology cases during the survey period. The remaining 8 had lower rates of SST, the 2 lowest performing hospitals having SST rates of 11% (p = 0.0004) and 9% (p < 0.0001). These eight hospitals reported fewer than 200 cytology cases each, shared amongst 4-7 pathologists per site. Differences were unrelated to patient age, gender, tumour histology or stage (ANOVA). Only the reference hospital had specialist cytopathologists.


CONCLUSION
Variation in thyroid cytology provision may increase TST rates. Thyroid cytology should be concentrated in high volume centres with specialist thyroid cytopathologists.
A Novel Quantitative Approach For Measuring Network Security

Evaluation of network security is an essential step in securing any network. This evaluation can help security professionals in making optimal decisions about how to design security countermeasures, to choose between alternative security architectures, and to systematically modify security configurations in order to improve security. However, the security of a network depends on a number of dynamically changing factors such as emergence of new vulnerabilities and threats, policy structure and network traffic. Identifying, quantifying and validating these factors using security metrics is a major challenge in this area. In this paper, we propose a novel security metric framework that identifies and quantifies objectively the most significant security risk factors, which include existing vulnerabilities, historical trend of vulnerability of the remotely accessible services, prediction of potential vulnerabilities for any general network service and their estimated severity and finally policy resistance to attack propagation within the network. We then describe our rigorous validation experiments using real- life vulnerability data of the past 6 years from National Vulnerability Database (NVD) [10] to show the high accuracy and confidence of the proposed metrics. Some previous works have considered vulnerabilities using code analysis. However, as far as we know, this is the first work to study and analyze these metrics for network security evaluation using publicly available vulnerability information and security policy configuration.
Managing stochastic inventory systems with free shipping option

In many industries, customers are offered free shipping whenever an order placed exceeds a minimum quantity specified by suppliers. This allows the suppliers to achieve economies of scale in terms of production and distribution by encouraging customers to place large orders. In this paper, we consider the optimal policy of a retailer who operates a single-product inventory system under periodic review. The ordering cost of the retailer is a linear function of the ordering quantity, and the shipping cost is a fixed constant K whenever the order size is less than a given quantity – the free shipping quantity (FSQ), and it is zero whenever the order size is at least as much as the FSQ. Demands in different time periods are i.i.d. random variables. We provide the optimal inventory control policy and characterize its structural properties for the single-period model. For multi-period inventory systems, we propose and analyze a heuristic policy that has a simple structure, the (s, t,S) policy. Optimal parameters of the proposed heuristic policy are then computed. Through an extensive numerical study, we demonstrate that the heuristic policy is sufficiently accurate and close to optimal. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Regularized group regression methods for genomic prediction: Bridge, MCP, SCAD, group bridge, group lasso, sparse group lasso, group MCP and group SCAD

BACKGROUND
Genomic prediction is now widely recognized as an efficient, cost-effective and theoretically well-founded method for estimating breeding values using molecular markers spread over the whole genome. The prediction problem entails estimating the effects of all genes or chromosomal segments simultaneously and aggregating them to yield the predicted total genomic breeding value. Many potential methods for genomic prediction exist but have widely different relative computational costs, complexity and ease of implementation, with significant repercussions for predictive accuracy. We empirically evaluate the predictive performance of several contending regularization methods, designed to accommodate grouping of markers, using three synthetic traits of known accuracy.


METHODS
Each of the competitor methods was used to estimate predictive accuracy for each of the three quantitative traits. The traits and an associated genome comprising five chromosomes with 10000 biallelic Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP)-marker loci were simulated for the QTL-MAS 2012 workshop. The models were trained on 3000 phenotyped and genotyped individuals and used to predict genomic breeding values for 1020 unphenotyped individuals. Accuracy was expressed as the Pearson correlation between the simulated true and the estimated breeding values.


RESULTS
All the methods produced accurate estimates of genomic breeding values. Grouping of markers did not clearly improve accuracy contrary to expectation. Selecting the penalty parameter with replicated 10-fold cross validation often gave better accuracy than using information theoretic criteria.


CONCLUSIONS
All the regularization methods considered produced satisfactory predictive accuracies for most practical purposes and thus deserve serious consideration in genomic prediction research and practice. Grouping markers did not enhance predictive accuracy for the synthetic data set considered. But other more sophisticated grouping schemes could potentially enhance accuracy. Using cross validation to select the penalty parameters for the methods often yielded more accurate estimates of predictive accuracy than using information theoretic criteria.
Reliability status of GaN transistors and MMICs in Europe

Recent DC- and RF-reliability results of European GaN HEMTs for high frequency power and MMIC applications between 2 and 18 GHz will be presented. The DC-stress test experiments have been performed at high current and high voltage settings in order to test the devices in the different regimes during large signal operation. GaN HEMTs and one stage MMICs have also been tested under RF-operation conditions and the correlation to DC-stress tests has been investigated.
턴이 바뀌지 않는 경우가 있는 게임에서의 Monte Carlo Tree Search를 이용한 게임 전략

representation of the game. It was programmed in LI SP. Further use of abstraction was also studied by Friedenbach (1980). The combination of s earch, heuristics, and expert systems led to the best programs in the eighties. At the end of the eighties a new type of Go programs emerged. Th ese programs made an intensive use of pattern recognition. This approach was dis cussed in detail by Boon (1990). In the following years, different AI techniques, such as Rei nforcement Learning (Schraudolph, Dayan, and Sejnowski, 1993), Monte Carlo (Br ügmann, 1993), and Neural Networks (Richards, Moriarty, and Miikkulainen, 1998), were tested in Go. However, programs applying these techniques were not able to surpass the level of the best programs. The combination of search, heuristics, expert systems, and pattern r ecognition remained the winning methodology. Brügmann (1993) proposed to use Monte-Carlo evaluations as an lter ative technique for Computer Go. His idea did not got many followers in the 199 0s. In the following decade, Bouzy and Helmstetter (2003) and Bouzy (2006) combined Mont e-Carlo evaluations and search in Indigo. The program won three bronze medals at the O lympiads of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Their pioneering research inspired the developme nt of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) (Coulom, 2006; Kocsis and Szepesv ári, 2006; Chaslot et al., 2006a). Since 2007, MCTS programs are dominating the Computer Go field. MCTS will be explained in the next chapter. 2.6 Go Programs MANGO and MOGO In this subsection, we briefly describe the Go programs M ANGO and MOGO that we use for the experiments in the thesis. Their performance in vari ous tournaments is discussed as well.4
Clinical Value of Prognostic Instruments to Identify Patients with an Increased Risk for Osteoporotic Fractures: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
With the broad availability of effective medications, identifying individuals bearing a higher risk for osteoporotic fractures has become an issue of major concern in modern medicine. In recent years various prognostic instruments have become available showing conflicting results regarding estimated risks for individual patients.


OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of current evidence and of opportunities for further research.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Systematic review: We identified studies describing the development of instruments and all subsequent validations in electronic databases and reference lists of included studies. We screened for inclusion, read full papers and extracted data on salient clinical features, performance characteristics and quality in duplicate. Searches retrieved 5,275 records of which full texts of 167 papers were obtained after screening titles and abstract. We included 35 studies enrolling a total of 609,969 patients (median 2546) reporting on 31 derivations and 12 validations after assessing full texts. Median follow-up time was 4.1 years (IQR 3 to 7.7). Only four studies validated an instrument that was developed by another group. None of the existing instruments was validated more than once. The five most frequent included variables in the final model were age, body mass index, bone mass index, past history of falls, and maternal history of fractures. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate.


CONCLUSION
There is a plethora of evidence available studying the association of risk profiles and the development of osteoporotic fractures. The small number of out-of-sample validations, the large variety of study characteristics, outcomes and follow-up periods impedes from deriving robust summaries and from conclusions regarding the clinical performance of many tools. First and foremost, future activity in this field should aim at reaching a consensus among clinical experts in respect to the existing instruments. Then we call for careful validations and expedient adaptations for local circumstances of the most promising candidates.
TaP: Table-based Prefetching for Storage Caches

TaP is a storage cache sequential prefetching and caching technique to improve the read-ahead cache hit rate and system response time. A unique feature of TaP is the use of a table to detect sequential access patterns in the I/O workload and to dynamically determine the optimum prefetch cache size. When compared to some popular prefetching techniques, TaP gives a better hit rate and response time while using a read cache that is often an order of magnitude smaller than that needed by other techniques. TaP is especially efficient when the I/O workload consists of interleaved requests from various applications, where only some of the applications are accessing their data sequentially. For example, TaP achieves the same hit rate as the other techniques with a cache length that is 100 times smaller than the cache needed by other techniques when the interleaved workload consists of 10% sequential application data and 90% random application data.
Family-based therapies for adolescent alcohol and drug use: research contributions and future research needs.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the developmental status of the family-based adolescent alcohol and drug treatment specialty by identifying and discussing research and clinical advances.


METHOD
Selective and interpretative literature review and analysis.


STUDY SELECTION
Controlled trials and mechanisms of change studies of family-based treatments for adolescent alcohol and drug misuse.


RESULTS
Clinical innovations of family-based treatments include development of detailed therapy, training/supervision, and adherence manuals. Different family-based treatments have been tested with success in controlled trials and process studies. Different versions of the same approach might vary on parameters such as treatment dose, setting, and client characteristics. Research advances include findings that engagement and retention rates for family-based treatments are superior to standard treatment engagement/retention methods. Also, in clinical trials in which they are compared with alternative interventions, in the majority of studies, family-based treatments produce superior and stable outcomes with significant decreases on target symptoms of alcohol and drug use, and related problems such as delinquency, school and family problems, and affiliation with substance abusing peers. Mechanisms of change studies support the theory basis of family-based treatments. For instance, improvements in family interaction patterns coincide with decreases in core target alcohol and drug misuse symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Once in the shadows of the adult substance abuse field, the adolescent substance abuse specialty has become a unique, clinically creative, and empirically-based area. Research and clinical advances of family-based treatments have implications for non-family-based interventions in the adolescent substance misuse treatment specialty.
Self-Regulation in the Classroom : A Perspective on Assessment and Intervention

© International Association for Applied Psychology, 2005. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Oxford, UK APPS pplied Psychology: an International Review 0269-994X © Int rnational Association for Applied Psychology, 2005 ri 2005 54 2 riginal Arti le SELF-REGULATION IN THE CLASS OOM OEKA RTS and CORNO Self-Regulation in the Classroom: A Perspective on Assessment and Intervention
Find What You Need, Understand What You Find

The developments of the fields of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Information Retrieval (IR) have followed parallel streams with both achieving significant impact in the early part of the 21 st century. The intersection of these two areas engages an active community of researchers who have influenced user interfaces for World Wide Web (WWW) sites and search engines (Marchionini, 2006). The roots of this confluence of research were nourished by pioneers in several areas, including hypertext and later in digital libraries. Of particular importance is the work of Ben Shneiderman and his collaborators at the University of Maryland‘s HumanComputer Interaction Laboratory (HCIL). Shneiderman not only served as an inspirational leader for others aiming to understand how people search for and use digital resources, but he also is a hands-on pioneer in developing novel user interfaces that support the informationseeking process. Although his work has significant impact in other HCI areas as well, the focus on this paper is the current state of effective and usable systems for information seeking.
Immunotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with different size and electrostatic charge

While zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized to have promising applications in biomedicine, their immunotoxicity has been inconsistent and even contradictory. To address this issue, we investigated whether ZnO NPs with different size (20 or 100 nm) and electrostatic charge (positive or negative) would cause immunotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and explored their underlying molecular mechanism. Using Raw 264.7 cell line, we examined the immunotoxicity mechanism of ZnO NPs as cell viability. We found that in a cell viability assay, ZnO NPs with different size and charge could induce differential cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells. Specifically, the positively charged ZnO NPs exerted higher cytotoxicity than the negatively charged ones. Next, to gauge systemic immunotoxicity, we assessed immune responses of C57BL/6 mice after oral administration of 750 mg/kg/day dose of ZnO NPs for 2 weeks. In parallel, ZnO NPs did not alter the cell-mediated immune response in mice but suppressed innate immunity such as natural killer cell activity. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, a marker for matured T-cells was slightly reduced, which implies the alteration of immune status induced by ZnO NPs. Accordingly, nitric oxide production from splenocyte culture supernatant in ZnO NP-fed mice was lower than control. Consistently, serum levels of pro/anti-inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10) and T helper-1 cytokines (interferon-γ and IL-12p70) in ZnO NP-fed mice were significantly suppressed. Collectively, our results indicate that different sized and charged ZnO NPs would cause in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity, of which nature is an immunosuppression.
‘ Relax to Win ’ – Treating children with anxiety problems with a biofeedback video game

Abstract One of the central components in the treatment of common childhood problems such as anxiety, phobia, and post-traumatic stress is relaxation training. Biofeedback has been developed as an effective means of teaching relaxation skills especially with adults. One of the challenges has been to develop biofeedback protocols that are intelligible and child-centred enough to engage children. In this article we describe the ‘Relax to Win’ biofeedback video game that has been developed by the MindGames team in Media Lab Europe. In particular, we describe how it has been adapted to be used clinically with children who suffer from anxiety problems in a child metal health setting. The application is illustrated with a case study at the end.
Biomechanics Effects of Kinesio Taping for Persons with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome During Stair Climbing

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical effects of kinesio taping for persons with patellofemoral pain syndrome during stair climbing. MethodsFifteen women diagnosed with PFPS by an experienced musculoskeletal physiotherapist were recruited and exclusion criteria were based on previous studies. Ten normal subjects were recruited as control group in this study. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) and the EMG activity timing and ratio of VMO and VL were calculated for no tape, placebo tape, and kinesio taping conditions for PFPS and control groups during ascending and descending stair. Result: The results showed there was significant difference between no tape and Kinesco tape conditions for PFP group during descending stair (p<0.05). And there was significant difference between no tape and Kinesco taping conditions for PFP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed Kinesio taping can reduce pain and improve the ratio of VMO/VL for the mechanism of patellar stability.