LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Near-Memory Architecture for Training Deep Neural Networks on Large In-Memory Datasets

Most investigations into near-memory hardware accelerators for deep neural networks have primarily focused on inference, while the potential of accelerating training has received relatively little attention so far. Based on an in-depth analysis of the key computational patterns in state-of-the-art gradient-based training methods, we propose an efficient near-memory acceleration engine called NTX that can be used to train state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks at scale. Our main contributions are: (i) a loose coupling of RISC-V cores and NTX co-processors reducing offloading overhead by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="schuiki-ieq1-2876312.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> over previously published results; (ii) an optimized IEEE 754 compliant data path for fast high-precision convolutions and gradient propagation; (iii) evaluation of near-memory computing with NTX embedded into residual area on the Logic Base die of a Hybrid Memory Cube; and (iv) a scaling analysis to meshes of HMCs in a data center scenario. We demonstrate a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.7\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="schuiki-ieq2-2876312.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> energy efficiency improvement of NTX over contemporary GPUs at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.4\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="schuiki-ieq3-2876312.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> less silicon area, and a compute performance of 1.2 Tflop/s for training large state-of-the-art networks with full floating-point precision. At the data center scale, a mesh of NTX achieves above 95 percent parallel and energy efficiency, while providing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.1\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="schuiki-ieq4-2876312.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> energy savings or <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.1\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="schuiki-ieq5-2876312.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> performance improvement over a GPU-based system.
Usability and Privacy in Identity Management Architectures

Digital identities represent who we are when engaging in online activities and transactions. The rapid growth in the number of online services leads to an increasing number of different identities that each user needs to manage. As a result, many people feel overloaded with identities and suffer from password fatigue. This is a serious problem and makes people unable properly control and protect their digital identities against identity theft. This paper discusses usability and privacy in online identity management solutions, and proposed a general approach for making users better able to control and manage their digital identities, as well as for creating more secure identity management solutions. More specifically, we propose a user-centric approach based on hardware and software technology on the user-side with the aim of assisting users when accessing online services.
[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in subjects consulting in urban primary care clinics].

BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major worldwide public health problem and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death.


AIM
To assess CKD prevalence in urban Primary Care Services (PCS) of Concepcion, Chile.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The clinical records of 27.894 adults aged 55 ± 18 years (66% females), consulting in outpatient clinics and in whom serum creatinine was measured, with or without assessment of urine albumin levels, were reviewed. The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-4 equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and classified according to the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NFK-KDOQI) guidelines.


RESULTS
Mean eGFR was 77.1 ± 16.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. Twelve percent of subjects had CKD (women, 14.5% and men 7,4%, p < 0,05). The prevalence of stages 3, 4 and 5 of CKD were 11.6, 0.3 and 0.2 % respectively. eGFR was negatively correlated with age ( r = -0,54, p < 0,05). Among patients with an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 96.3% had eGFR 30-59, 2.3% 15-29 and 1.4 % < of 15. Seventy nine percent were women. 75.1% were aged 65 years or more, 26.8% had a serum creatinine equal or less than 1.0 mg/dL and 40.5% had microalbuminuria. Only 1% of outpatients ascribed to Cardiovascular or Diabetes Programs had the diagnosis of CKD registered. Independent risk predictors of CKD were age > 60 years, female sex and microalbuminuria.


CONCLUSIONS
This study showed a high prevalence of CKD in ambulatory patients, mainly among women and older people. The low level of diagnosis of CKD in cardiovascular and diabetes programs is of concern.
Mood-congruent amygdala responses to subliminally presented facial expressions in major depression: associations with anhedonia.

BACKGROUND
Anhedonia has long been recognized as a key feature of major depressive disorders, but little is known about the association between hedonic symptoms and neurobiological processes in depressed patients. We investigated whether amygdala mood-congruent responses to emotional stimuli in depressed patients are correlated with anhedonic symptoms at automatic levels of processing.


METHODS
We measured amygdala responsiveness to subliminally presented sad and happy facial expressions in depressed patients and matched healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala responsiveness was compared between patients and healthy controls within a 2 (group) x 2 (emotion) design. In addition, we correlated patients' amygdala responsiveness to sad and happy facial stimuli with self-report questionnaire measures of anhedonia.


RESULTS
We included 35 patients and 35 controls in our study. As in previous studies, we observed a strong emotion x group interaction in the bilateral amygdala: depressed patients showed greater amygdala responses to sad than happy faces, whereas healthy controls responded more strongly to happy than sad faces. The lack of automatic right amygdala responsiveness to happy faces in depressed patients was associated with higher physical anhedonia scores.


LIMITATIONS
Almost all depressed patients were taking antidepressant medications.


CONCLUSION
We replicated our previous finding of depressed patients showing automatic amygdala mood-congruent biases in terms of enhanced reactivity to negative emotional stimuli and reduced activity to positive emotional stimuli. The altered amygdala processing of positive stimuli in patients was associated with anhedonia scores. The results indicate that reduced amygdala responsiveness to positive stimuli may contribute to anhedonic symptoms due to reduced/inappropriate salience attribution to positive information at very early processing levels.
A Study of Steganography Based Data Hiding Techniques

oday the exponential growth in internet users demand secure data communication, for that it is required to send the data in the form of encrypted or hidden form. Many information system security techniques are available. They are classified into three classes as cryptography, steganography and watermarking. This paper presents a review on steganography techniques and their uses and attacks on these. The steganography is commonly known as covert writing and mainly used in hidden communication. A reliable internet communication is free from the attacks on it. Keywords— Information system security, cryptography, steganography, watermarking.
Elucidating user behavior of mobile learning: A perspective of the extended technology acceptance model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and verify that the technology acceptance model (TAM) can be employed to explain and predict the acceptance of mobile learning (M-learning); an activity in which users access learning material with their mobile devices. The study identifies two factors that account for individual differences, i.e. perceived enjoyment (PE) and perceived mobility value (PMV), to enhance the explanatory power of the model. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted to collect data. A total of 313 undergraduate and graduate students in two Taiwan universities answered the questionnaire. Most of the constructs in the model were measured using existing scales, while some measurement items were created specifically for this research. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the fit of the data with the model by using the LISREL software. Findings – The results of the data analysis shows that the data fit the extended TAM model well. Consumers hold positive attitudes for M-learning, viewing M-learning as an efficient tool. Specifically, the results show that individual differences have a great impact on user acceptance and that the perceived enjoyment and perceived mobility can predict user intentions of using M-learning. Originality/value – There is scant research available in the literature on user acceptance of M-learning from a customer’s perspective. The present research shows that TAM can predict user acceptance of this new technology. Perceived enjoyment and perceived mobility value are antecedents of user acceptance. The model enhances our understanding of consumer motivation of using M-learning. This understanding can aid our efforts when promoting M-learning.
The hand is slower than the eye: a quantitative exploration of visual dominance over proprioception

Without force feedback, a head-mounted display user's avatar may penetrate virtual objects. Some virtual environment designers prevent visual interpenetration, making the assumption that prevention improves user experience. However, preventing visual avatar interpenetration causes discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive cues. We investigated users' detection thresholds for visual interpenetration (the depth at which they see that two objects have interpenetrated) and sensory discrepancy (the displacement at which they notice mismatched visual and proprioceptive cues). We found that users are much less sensitive to visual-proprioceptive conflict than they are to visual interpenetration. We present our plan for using this result to create a better technique for dealing with virtual object penetration.
Design Automation of Electronic Systems: Past Accomplishments and Challenges Ahead [Scanning the Issue]

The articles in this special issue provides an overview of and a perspective on the evolution of electronic design automation (EDA), and offers a perspective on some of the principal avenues of future development.
Functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: the role of orthographic depth

Orthographic depth (OD) (i.e., the complexity, consistency, or transparency of grapheme-phoneme correspondences in written alphabetic language) plays an important role in the acquisition of reading skills. Correspondingly, developmental dyslexia is characterized by different behavioral manifestations across languages varying in OD. This review focuses on the question of whether these different behavioral manifestations are associated with different functional neuroanatomical manifestations. It provides a review and critique of cross-linguistic brain imaging studies of developmental dyslexia. In addition, it includes an analysis of state-of-the-art functional neuroanatomical models of developmental dyslexia together with orthography-specific predictions derived from these models. These predictions should be tested in future brain imaging studies of typical and atypical reading in order to refine the current neurobiological understanding of developmental dyslexia, especially with respect to orthography-specific and universal aspects.
Renal safety and angiotensin II blockade medications in patients undergoing non-emergent coronary angiography: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the major causes of new-onset renal failure in hospitalized patients. Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blocking agents are widely used among patients requiring contrast studies, data on the effect of these agents on the development of CIN are sparse and inconsistent.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate in a randomized controlled trial whether uninterrupted administration of angiotensin II (AnglI) blockade medications influence estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients undergoing non-emergent coronary angiography.


METHODS
Patients receiving treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE-I/ARB) were recruited consecutively. The enrolled subjects were randomized into three groups at a 1:1:1 ratio: group A (ACE/ARB stopped 24 hours prior to the procedure and restarted immediately after the procedure), group B (ACE/ARB stopped 24 hours prior to the procedure and restarted 24 hours after the procedure), and group C (ACE/ARB continued throughout the study period). Plasma creatinine was measured and eGFR was calculated according to the Cockroft-Gault equation before and 48 hours after the coronary angiography. The primary endpoint was a change in eGFR at 48 hours.


RESULTS
Groups A, B and C comprised 30, 31 and 33 patients respectively. The mean age of the study population was 65 +/- 12 years and 67% were males. Fifty percent of the subjects had diabetes mellitus. The primary endpoint analysis showed that at 48 hours after the procedure there was no difference in delta eGFR between groups A and C (4.25 +/- 12.19 vs. 4.65 +/- 11.76, P = 0.90) and groups B and C (3.72 +/- 17.42 vs. 4.65 +/- 11.76, P = 0.82). In post-hoc analysis the patients were clustered according to the following groups: medical alternation (group A and B) versus control (group C), and to baseline eGFR > or = 60 ml/min vs. eGFR (< 60 ml/min. In patients with baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min the delta eGFR (baseline eGFR-eGFR 48 hours post-angiography) was significantly different between the intervention vs. control group (median 5.61 vs. median -2.19, P= 0.03 respectively). While in patients with baseline eGFR > or = 60 ml/min there was no significant difference in delta eGFR between the intervention and control groups.


CONCLUSIONS
ACE-I and ARB can safely be used before and after coronary angiography in patients with eGFR > or = 60 ml/min.
HIV care continuum among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India: barriers to successful engagement.

BACKGROUND
We characterize the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care continuum for men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons who inject drugs (PWID) across India.


METHODS
We recruited 12 022 MSM and 14 481 PWID across 26 Indian cities, using respondent-driven sampling (September 2012 to December 2013). Participants were aged ≥18 years and either self-identified as male and reported sex with a man in the prior year (MSM) or reported injection drug use in the prior 2 years (PWID). Correlates of awareness of HIV-positive status were characterized using multilevel logistic regression.


RESULTS
A total of 1146 MSM were HIV infected, of whom a median of 30% were aware of their HIV-positive status, 23% were linked to care, 22% were retained before antiretroviral therapy (ART), 16% had started ART, 16% were currently receiving ART, and 10% had suppressed viral loads. There was site variability (awareness range, 0%-90%; suppressed viral load range, 0%-58%). A total of 2906 PWID were HIV infected, of whom a median of 41% were aware, 36% were linked to care, 31% were retained before ART, 20% had started ART, 18% were currently receiving ART, and 15% had suppressed viral loads. Similar site variability was observed (awareness range: 2%-93%; suppressed viral load range: 0%-47%). Factors significantly associated with awareness were region, older age, being married (MSM) or female (PWID), use of other services (PWID), more lifetime sexual partners (MSM), and needle sharing (PWID). Ongoing injection drug use (PWID) and alcohol use (MSM) were associated with lower awareness.


CONCLUSIONS
In this large sample, the major barrier to HIV care engagement was awareness of HIV-positive status. Efforts should focus on linking HIV testing to other essential services.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT01686750.
Electrocardiographic predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with intraventricular conduction delay.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of CRT and significant variables on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) to predict response to CRT in those patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Among the cohort of 152 CRT patients, 40 patients with IVCD were evaluated. Sixteen patients (40%) were responders. At baseline, responders had a wider QRS duration (158±18 vs. 144±18ms, P=0.02) and a higher frequency of left axis deviation (LADEV; 75% vs. 29%, P=0.004) compared with non-responders. After CRT, greater shortening of QRS duration (ΔQRS; 26±24 vs. 7±24ms, P=0.02), axis shift from LADEV to right axis deviation (RADEV; 69% vs. 13%, P<0.001), and both rightward forces in lead I and anterior forces in V1 (56% vs. 13%, P=0.003) were found more frequently in responders. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that LADEV at baseline, or ΔQRS and axis shift from LADEV to RADEV after CRT were independent predictors of response to CRT.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with IVCD may not respond to CRT, but LADEV at baseline and reversal of ventricular activation after CRT on surface ECG could be important to predict response to CRT.
High prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in HIV-infected patients with unexplained liver disease.

OBJECTIVE
To look for evidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposure in HIV-infected patients with unexplained elevations of liver stiffness (LS).


METHODS
Case-control study conducted in 31 HIV-infected patients with unexplained elevations of LS and in 31 HIV-controls with normal LS, matched by age, sex and CD4 cell-counts. Serum HEV antibodies were tested by two ELISA procedures and by Immunoblot. We defined exposure to HEV as the detection of serum HEV antibodies by at least one of the two ELISA assays, provided that it was confirmed by Immunoblot. A real-time PCR RNA assay was conducted in all plasma samples to identify subjects with active HEV infection.


RESULTS
Exposure to HEV was demonstrated, according to the criteria used in this study, in 9 (29%) of the cases, whereas it was shown in 5 (16%) of the controls (p=.3). Serum HEV RNA was detected in none of the controls and in only in one case. This patient had a documented chronic hepatitis E with progression to cirrhosis.


CONCLUSIONS
HEV antibodies are frequently found in HIV-infected patients with unexplained liver disease.
LibGuides: Common Reading Experience--The Last Town on Earth: LABOR

Find out more about this year's Common Reading Experience selection, The Last Town on Earth by Thomas Mullen.
Challenges in real-time virtualization and predictable cloud computing

Cloud computing and virtualization technology have revolutionized general-purpose computing applications in the past decade. The cloud paradigm offers advantages through reduction of operation costs, server consolidation, flexible system configuration and elastic resource provisioning. However, despite the success of cloud computing for general-purpose computing, existing cloud computing and virtualization technology face tremendous challenges in supporting emerging soft real-time applications such as online video streaming, cloud-based gaming, and telecommunication management. These applications demand real-time performance in open, shared and virtualized computing environments. This paper identifies the technical challenges in supporting real-time applications in the cloud, surveys recent advancement in real-time virtualization and cloud computing technology, and offers research directions to enable cloud-based real-time applications in the future. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Lisp environment at IBM T J Watson Research

We give a brief description of a Common Lisp programming environment developed at the IBM TJ Watson Research Center over the past two years. The two most novel features of this environment are a program analysis tool and a visual stepper. These are described in more detail.
Adaptive multi-dimensional compliance control of a humanoid robotic arm with anti-windup compensation

An adaptive multi-dimensional compliance model reference controller was implemented in real-time on a 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) of the humanoid Bristol-Elumotion-Robotic-Torso II (BERT II) arm in Cartesian space. The robot manipulator has been controlled in such a way as to follow the compliant passive behaviour of a reference mass-spring-damper system model subject to externally sensed forces/torques in all DOF. The relevant reference model converts all measured torques into their equivalent forces at the end-effector and reacts accordingly. The suggested control scheme takes in particular account of the multi-variable aspect and the problem of body own torques when measuring external torques. The redundant DOF were used to control the robot motion in a human-like pattern via effort minimization. Associated actuator saturation issues were addressed by incorporating a novel anti-windup (AW) compensator.
In-hospital cardiac arrest: incidence, prognosis and possible measures to improve survival

Review. Medical literature on in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) was reviewed to summarise: (a) the incidence of and survival after IHCA, (b) major prognostic factors, (c) possible interventions to improve survival. The incidence of IHCA is rarely reported in the literature. Values range between 1 and 5 events per 1,000 hospital admissions, or 0.175 events/bed annually. Reported survival to hospital discharge varies from 0% to 42%, the most common range being between 15% and 20%. Pre-arrest prognostic factors: the prognostic value of age is controversial. Among comorbidities, sepsis, cancer, renal failure and homebound lifestyle are significantly associated with poor survival. However, pre-arrest morbidity scores have not yet been prospectively validated as instruments to predict failure to survive after IHCA. Intra-arrest factors: ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT) as the first recorded rhythm and a shorter interval between IHCA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation are associated with higher survival. However, VF/VT is present in only 25–35% of IHCAs. Short-term survival is also higher in patients resuscitated with chest compression rates above 80/min. Interventions likely to improve survival include: early recognition and stabilisation of patients at risk of IHCA to enable prevention, faster and better in-hospital resuscitation and early defibrillation. Mild therapeutic hypothermia is effective as post-arrest treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to VF/VT, but its benefit after IHCA and after cardiac arrest with non-VF/VT rhythms has not been clearly demonstrated.