LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Haptoglobin phenotype, sleep-disordered breathing, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

BACKGROUND
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and there is growing evidence that sleep-disordered breathing also may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanism responsible for increased susceptibility of people with diabetes to cardiovascular disease is thought to share several features with sleep-disordered breathing, notably increased oxidative stress. We recently demonstrated that a particular haptoglobin phenotype that is associated with differential antioxidant activity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes. We therefore sought to determine whether sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease are more strongly associated among people with the unfavorable haptoglobin phenotype.


METHODS
We tested this hypothesis in 2612 middle-aged and older participants from the Sleep Heart Health Study. Haptoglobin phenotyping was performed by gel electrophoresis. Respiratory disturbance index was assessed by standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between haptoglobin phenotype and cardiovascular disease, adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, smoking, lipid levels, and hypertension). Possible modification by haptoglobin phenotype of the association of sleep-disordered breathing with cardiovascular disease prevalence was explored by examining interaction terms.


RESULTS
We found no significant association between haptoglobin phenotype and prevalent cardiovascular disease in this cohort, nor were significant interactions found between haptoglobin phenotype and sleep-disordered breathing on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Sleep-disordered breathing did not appear to interact with haptoglobin phenotype in modifying the association with prevalent cardiovascular disease in the Sleep Heart Health Study. These findings could be due to the absence of association or to survivor bias in these cross-sectional analyses.
Nonlinear Control and Combinatorics of Words

This article attempts to bring together some problems in nonlinear control systems and in algebraic combinatorics of words. One the control side recent results in controllability, nilpotent approximating systems, and applications to path planning are surveyed. On the other side, after a brief survey of various bases for free Lie algebras recent developments in the algebraic combinatorics of words are discussed. These two areas are linked together by the applications to and of the Chen series, Fliess series, and product expansions of these series, culminating in the introduction of chronological products. 0 Introduction This is a survey article about an area of overlap of nonlinear control theory and algebraic combinatorics. The unifying theme is the increasingly sophisticated treatment, analysis and usage of the Chen-Fliess series. On the control side we restrict our attention to the problems of local controllability, nilpotent approximations and very brieey, the path planning problem. On the combinatorial side we survey the development of the theory of bases for free Lie algebras, and then concentrate on the problem of resolving the identity map on some free algebra, which leads to the problem of nding explicit formulas for the dual bases of the Poincar e-Birkhoo-Witt basis built on bases of the free Lie algebra. In trying to be accessible to audiences of both control theorists and the combina-torists, most topics are motivated at an elementary level, and complete proofs are given only where they are particularly illuminating (mostly in the last sections which unite
Wave-Current Interaction in an Oceanic Circulation Model with a Vortex-Force Formalism: Application to the Surf Zone

A vortex-force formalism for the interaction of surface gravity waves an d currents is implemented in a three-dimensional (3D), terrain-following, hydrostatic, oceanic circu lation model (Regional Oceanic Modeling System: ROMS; Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2005). Eulerian waveaveraged current equations for mass, momentum, and tracers are included in ROMS based on an asymp totic theory by McWilliams et al. (2004) plus non-conservative wave e ffects due to wave breaking, associated surface roller waves, bottom streaming, and wave-enhanced vertical mixing and bottom drag espe cially for coastal and nearshore applications. The currents are coupled with a spectrum-peak WKB wave-r efraction model that includes the effect of currents on waves, or, alternatively, a spectrum-resolving wav e model ( e.g., SWAN) is used. The coupled system is applied to the nearshore surf zone during the DUCK 94 field measurement campaign. Model results are compared to the observations and e ffects of parameter choices are investigated with emphasis on simulating and interpreting the vertical profiles for alongshor e and cross-shore currents. The model is further compared to another ROMS-based 3D coupled model by Warner et al. (2008) with depth-dependent radiation stresses on a plane beach. In both tests th e present model manifests an onshore surface flow and compensating o ffshore near-bed undertow near the shoreline and around the breaking point. In contrast, the radiation-stress prescription yields signifi ca tly weaker vertical shear. The currents’ cross-shore and vertical structure is significantly shap ed by the wave e ffects of near-surface breaker acceleration, vertical component of vortex force, and wave -enhanced pressure force and bottom drag.
Autonomous Aerobatic Maneuvering of Miniature Helicopters by Vladislav Gavrilets

In this thesis, I present an experimentally proven control methodology for the autonomous execution of aerobatic maneuvers with small-scale helicopters, and a low-order dynamic model which adequately describes a miniature helicopter in a wide range of flight conditions, including aerobatics. The control laws consist of steady-state trim trajectory controllers, used prior to, and upon exit from the maneuvers; and a maneuver execution logic inspired by human pilot strategies. In order to test the control laws, a miniature helicopter was outfitted with a custom digital avionics system, and a hardware-in-the-loop simulation was developed. The logic was tested with several aerobatic maneuvers and maneuver sequences, which demonstrated smooth maneuver entry, automatic recovery to a steady-state trim trajectory, and robustness of the trim-trajectory control system toward measurement and modeling errors. Based on these results, I further propose a simplified hybrid model for a helicopter under such closed loop control. The model can be utilized in the development of computationally tractable motion-planning algorithms for agile vehicles. Thesis Supervisor: Eric Feron Title: Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor: Munther Dahleh Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: David Vos Title: Chief Technology Officer, Athena Technologies Thesis Supervisor: Carlos Cesnik Title: Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan
Instinctive Computing

Instinctive computing is a computational simulation of biological and cognitive instincts. It is a meta-program of life, just like universal gravity in nature. It profoundly influences how we look, feel, think, and act. If we want a computer to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have primitive instincts. In this paper, we will review the recent work in this area, the building blocks for the instinctive operating system, and potential applications. The paper proposes a ‘bottom-up’ approach that is focused on human basic instincts: forage, vigilance, reproduction, intuition and learning. They are the machine codes in human operating systems, where high-level programs, such as social functions can override the low-level instinct. However, instinctive computing has been always a default operation. Instinctive computing is the foundation of Ambient Intelligence as well as Empathic Computing. It is an essential part of Human Computing.
Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized study of cardiovascular effects and quality of life.

BACKGROUND
Peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2peak)) strongly predicts mortality in cardiac patients. We compared the effects of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus moderate continuous training (MCT) on Vo(2peak) and quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).


METHODS
Fifty-nine CABG patients were randomized to either AIT at 90% of maximum heart rate or MCT at 70% of maximum heart rate, 5 d/wk, for 4 weeks at a rehabilitation center. Primary outcome was Vo(2peak), at baseline, after rehabilitation (4 weeks), and after 6 months of home-based exercise (6 months).


RESULTS
Vo(2peak) increased between baseline and 4 weeks in AIT (27.1 +/- 4.5 vs 30.4 +/- 5.5 mL.kg(-1).min(-1), P < .001) and MCT (26.2 +/- 5.2 vs 28.5 +/- 5.6 mL.kg(-1).min(-1), P < .001; group difference, not significant). Aerobic interval training increased Vo(2peak) between 4 weeks and 6 months (30.4 +/- 5.5 vs 32.2 +/- 7.0 mL.kg(-1).min(-1), P < .001), with no significant change in MCT (28.5 +/- 5.6 vs 29.5 +/- 5.7 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)). Quality of life improved in both groups from baseline to 4 weeks, remaining improved at 6 months. There were no changes in echocardiographic systolic and diastolic left ventricular function. Adiponectin increased between 4 weeks and 6 months in both groups (group differences, not significant).


CONCLUSIONS
Four weeks of intense training increased Vo(2peak) significantly after both AIT and MCT. Six months later, the AIT group had a significantly higher Vo(2peak) than MCT. The results indicate that AIT and MCT increase Vo(2peak) similarly in the short term, but with better long-term effect of AIT after CABG.
Air-ground Matching: Appearance-based GPS-denied Urban Localization of Micro Aerial Vehicles

In this paper, we address the problem of globally localizing and tracking the pose of a camera-equipped micro aerial vehicle (MAV) flying in urban streets at low altitudes without GPS. An image-based global positioning system is introduced to localize the MAV with respect to the surrounding buildings. We propose a novel airground image-matching algorithm to search the airborne image of the MAV within a ground-level, geotagged image database. Based on the detected matching image features, we infer the global position of the MAV by back-projecting the corresponding image points onto a cadastral three-dimensional city model. Furthermore, we describe an algorithm to track the position of the flying vehicle over several frames and to correct the accumulated drift of the visual odometry whenever a good match is detected between the airborne and the ground-level images. The proposed approach is tested on a 2 km trajectory with a small quadrocopter flying in the streets of Zurich. Our vision-based global localization can robustly handle extreme changes in viewpoint, illumination, perceptual aliasing, and over-season variations, thus outperforming conventional visual placerecognition approaches. The dataset is made publicly available to the research community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that studies and demonstrates global localization and position tracking of a drone in urban streets with a single onboard camera. C © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building trust in m-commerce: contributions from quality and satisfaction

Purpose – Mobile commerce (m-commerce) represents a new area of business opportunity. Past research has often focused on customer acceptance and its antecedents, rather than factors that build trust in m-commerce. The purpose of this paper is to provide an explanation of factors influencing customer trust towards vendors on the mobile internet. Design/methodology/approach – M-commerce relies on mobile technology and well-maintained service quality. This paper has applied the service quality model (SERVQUAL) and technology acceptance model (TAM), coupled with proposed quality factors in relation to m-commerce that, according to the literature, influence customer trust, to empirically test the formation of trust. The proposed model was empirically evaluated using online survey data from 212 experienced m-commerce customers. Findings – The results showed that despite customisation, brand image and satisfaction all directly affecting customer trust towards the vendor in m-commerce, customisation and brand image equally had a stronger direct effect on trust formation. In addition, interactivity and responsiveness had no direct impact, but had an indirect impact via satisfaction on trust towards the vendor. Practical implications – This paper contributes a theoretical understanding of factors that activate the development of trust towards the vendor. For vendors in general the results enable them to better develop customer trust in m-commerce. Originality/value – The paper verifies the effects of satisfaction and proposed quality factors on customer confidence in m-commerce. Moreover, this article validates the determinants of satisfaction.
Homer1/mGluR5 Activity Moderates Vulnerability to Chronic Social Stress

Stress-induced psychiatric disorders, such as depression, have recently been linked to changes in glutamate transmission in the central nervous system. Glutamate signaling is mediated by a range of receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). In particular, mGluR subtype 5 (mGluR5) is highly implicated in stress-induced psychopathology. The major scaffold protein Homer1 critically interacts with mGluR5 and has also been linked to several psychopathologies. Yet, the specific role of Homer1 in this context remains poorly understood. We used chronic social defeat stress as an established animal model of depression and investigated changes in transcription of Homer1a and Homer1b/c isoforms and functional coupling of Homer1 to mGluR5. Next, we investigated the consequences of Homer1 deletion, overexpression of Homer1a, and chronic administration of the mGluR5 inverse agonist CTEP (2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine) on the effects of chronic stress. In mice exposed to chronic stress, Homer1b/c, but not Homer1a, mRNA was upregulated and, accordingly, Homer1/mGluR5 coupling was disrupted. We found a marked hyperactivity behavior as well as a dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in chronically stressed Homer1 knockout (KO) mice. Chronic administration of the selective and orally bioavailable mGluR5 inverse agonist, CTEP, was able to recover behavioral alterations induced by chronic stress, whereas overexpression of Homer1a in the hippocampus led to an increased vulnerability to chronic stress, reflected in an increased physiological response to stress as well as enhanced depression-like behavior. Overall, our results implicate the glutamatergic system in the emergence of stress-induced psychiatric disorders, and support the Homer1/mGluR5 complex as a target for the development of novel antidepressant agents.
Implementation of Constant-Fraction-Discriminators (CFD) in sub-micron CMOS technologies

This paper presents the design and implementation of Constant-Fraction-Discriminators (CFD) suitable for multi-channel mixed-mode ICs. Issues related to area occupation, power consumption and timing accuracy are discussed in detail. The circuits have been designed targeting a 0.13µm CMOS process.
Intervention with feedback using Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) in a Swedish psychiatric outpatient population. A randomized controlled trial.

AIM
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) with feedback in a Swedish psychiatric outpatient population using a randomized controlled design.


METHOD
In all 1720 patients made at least one regular visit to the clinics in the period 12 February 2007 to 10 February 2008 and received information about the study. Of these, 374 patients (22%) agreed to participate. After written consent, 188 patients were randomized to the feedback group and 186 patients to the control group. Those constituted the intention-to-treat (ITT) group. Two hundred and sixty-two patients (70%) completed the OQ-45 questionnaire at least twice, and they were included in the per-protocol analysis. Those who improved less than expected and were at risk for treatment failure were called alerted patients.


RESULTS
There was a tendency that patients who received feedback improved more than the controls in OQ-45 total score. In the ITT analysis, the P-value was 0.061 and the effect size g = 0.21. In the per-protocol analysis the P-value was 0.076 and the effect size g = 0.24. In the intervention group, 27% of the patients were alerted because of risk of treatment failure vs. 28% in the control group (reaching level of alertness). The OQ-45 differences between the intervention and control groups did not significantly differ for patients who were alerted/reaching level of alertness and for non-alerted patients (g = 0.17 and g = 0.28, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
The feedback group had a tendency to improve more than the control group, possibly indicating that the method is effective, and the result (basically) supports previous findings.
Suicidal ideation of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents has one-year predictive validity for suicide attempts in girls only.

Clinicians commonly incorporate adolescents' self-reported suicidal ideation into formulations regarding adolescents' risk for suicide. Data are limited, however, regarding the extent to which adolescent boys' and girls' reports of suicidal ideation have clinically significant predictive validity in terms of subsequent suicidal behavior. This study examined psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent boys' and girls' self-reported suicidal ideation as a predictor of suicide attempts during the first year following hospitalization. A total of 354 adolescents (97 boys; 257 girls; ages 13-17 years) hospitalized for acute suicide risk were evaluated at the time of hospitalization as well as 3, 6, and 12 months later. Study measures included the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Youth Self-Report, and Personal Experiences Screen Questionnaire. The main study outcome was presence and number of suicide attempt(s) in the year after hospitalization, measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Results indicated a significant interaction between suicidal ideation, assessed during first week of hospitalization, and gender for the prediction of subsequent suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation was a significant predictor of subsequent suicide attempts for girls, but not boys. Baseline history of multiple suicide attempts was a significant predictor of subsequent suicide attempts across genders. Results support the importance of empirically validating suicide risk assessment strategies separately for adolescent boys and girls. Among adolescent boys who have been hospitalized due to acute suicide risk, low levels of self-reported suicidal ideation may not be indicative of low risk for suicidal behavior following hospitalization.
The Sequential Integration of Pharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of the Sequential Model and a Critical Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVE
A number of randomized controlled trials in major depressive disorder have employed a sequential model, which consists of the use of pharmacotherapy in the acute phase and of psychotherapy in its residual phase. The aim of this review was to provide an updated meta-analysis of the efficacy of this approach in reducing the risk of relapse in major depressive disorder and to place these findings in the larger context of treatment selection.


METHOD
Keyword searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library from inception of each database through October 2014. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of the administration of psychotherapy after successful response to acute-phase pharmacotherapy in the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder were considered for inclusion in the meta-analysis.


RESULTS
Thirteen high-quality studies with 728 patients in a sequential treatment arm and 682 in a control treatment arm were included. All studies involved cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The pooled risk ratio for relapse/recurrence was 0.781 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.671-0.909; number needed to treat=8), according to the random-effects model, suggesting a relative advantage in preventing relapse/recurrence compared with control conditions. A significant effect of CBT during continuation of antidepressant drugs compared with antidepressants alone or treatment as usual (risk ratio: 0.811; 95% CI=0.685-0.961; number needed to treat=10) was found. Patients randomly assigned to CBT who had antidepressants tapered and discontinued were significantly less likely to experience relapse/recurrence compared with those assigned to either clinical management or continuation of antidepressant medication (risk ratio: 0.674; 95% CI=0.482-0.943; number needed to treat=5).


CONCLUSIONS
The sequential integration of CBT and pharmacotherapy is a viable strategy for preventing relapse in major depressive disorder. The current indications for the application of psychotherapy in major depressive disorder are discussed, with special reference to its integration with pharmacotherapy.
Efficacy of an insole shoe wedge and augmented pressure sensor for gait training in individuals with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether external feedback to promote symmetrical weight distribution during standing and walking would improve gait performance and balance in people with stroke.


DESIGN
Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial.


SETTING
Rehabilitation unit and physical therapy department.


SUBJECTS
Thirty-five individuals with stroke (mean (SD) age = 53.0 (9.3) years) were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 17) or control group (n = 18). Time post stroke was less than six months for most subjects (n = 27, 77%).


INTERVENTIONS
Subjects participated in 15 rehabilitation sessions including 30 minutes of gait retraining per session. During gait retraining, the experimental group used an insole shoe wedge and sensors set-up (I-ShoWS) while the control group received a conventional programme. The I-ShoWS set-up consisted of a wedge insole and a footswitch for the non-paretic leg and a pressure sensor on the paretic leg.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Gait speed, step length and single support time asymmetry ratio, balance and amount of load on paretic leg during stance were evaluated twice: one day before and after training.


RESULTS
The experimental group demonstrated significant increase in standing and gait symmetry compared with the control group (P < 0.05). They demonstrated 3 times greater improvement in gait speed than the control group (P = 0.02). Balance improvement was significantly greater for the experimental than for the control group (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Gait retraining using the I-ShoWS set-up was more effective in restoration of gait speed, standing and walking symmetry and balance than a conventional treatment programme. These results indicate the benefit of implementing feedback during gait retraining.