LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Presence of chemotherapy-induced toxicity predicts improved survival in patients with localised extremity osteosarcoma treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin: A report from the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup

AIM
Chemotherapy-induced toxicity is an independent prognostic indicator in several cancers. We aimed to determine whether toxicity was related to survival and histological response in high-grade localised extremity osteosarcoma. We undertook a retrospective analysis of patients treated within three consecutive randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup.


METHODS
Between 1982 and 2002, 533 patients were randomised to six cycles of doxorubicin 75 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 100 mg/m(2). Toxicity data were collected prospectively and graded according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Standard univariate and multivariate models were constructed to examine the relationship between reported toxicity, survival, and histological response.


RESULTS
Five- and 10-year overall survival was 57% (95% confidence interval (CI) 52-61%) and 53% (49-58%), respectively. Grades 3-4 oral mucositis (hazard ratio (HR) 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.91), grades 1-2 nausea/vomiting (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.85), grades 1-2 thrombocytopenia (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.87), good histological response (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27-0.65), and distal tumour site (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.71) were associated with improved survival in multivariate analysis. The only factors that were independently associated with histological response were older age (odds ratio (OR) 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.72) and chondroblastic tumour (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.10-0.77), both being associated with a significantly lower chance of achieving a good response.


CONCLUSION
Chemotherapy-induced toxicity predicts survival in patients with localised extremity osteosarcoma. Investigation of the pharmacogenomic mechanisms of constitutional chemosensitivity underlying these observations will present opportunities for personalising treatment and could lead to improved outcomes.
mHealth : A Potential Tool for Health Care Delivery in India

mHealth can be defined as the application of emerging mobile communications and network technologies for health care systems. It involves the use of mobile computing, medical sensors, and communications technologies for health care. Successful implementation of mHealth makes the right information available at the right place, at the right time, and in the correct form. mHealth is gaining ground in developing countries and may some day see global distribution. The communications advantages of mHealth mean it has broad-ranging—and potentially lifesaving— clinical and practical applications. India already has several mHealth pilot programs in place and is working to integrate mHealth into its health care system. As wireless technology increases in flexibility, popularity, and distribution, it will play a key role in the new health care delivery model.
Learners' Roles and Predictable Educational Benefits in Collaborative Learning An Ontological Approach to Support Design and Analysis of CSCL

To facilitate shared understandings of several models of collaborative learning, and collect rational models of effective collaborative learning, we have been constructing a system of concepts to represent collaborative learning sessions relying on existing learning theories. We call the system of concepts Collaborative Learning Ontology, and have been extracting and representing models inspired by the theories with the ontology. In this paper, as a part of the ontology, we concentrated on clarifying behavior and roles for learners in collaborative learning sessions, conditions to assign appropriate roles for each learner, and predictable educational benefits by playing the roles. The system of concepts and models will be beneficial to both designing appropriate groups for collaborative learning sessions, and interaction analysis among learners to assess educational benefits of the learning session.
Ovarian ablation or suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer: results from the international adjuvant breast cancer ovarian ablation or suppression randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Substantial survival benefits exist for patients with early-stage breast cancer who undergo treatment with single-modality tamoxifen, ovarian ablation or suppression, or chemotherapy. To determine whether additional benefits exist with combined treatment, the Adjuvant Breast Cancer (ABC) Trials were undertaken.


METHODS
The ABC Ovarian Ablation or Suppression Trial randomly assigned pre- and perimenopausal patients with early-stage breast cancer who were receiving prolonged (5 years) tamoxifen treatment with or without chemotherapy to ovarian ablation or suppression (by oophorectomy, ovarian irradiation, or treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist) versus no ovarian ablation or suppression. Trial endpoints included relapse-free and overall survival. Hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from Cox models, and all statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
Between 1993 and 2000, 2144 (1063 ovarian ablation or suppression, 1081 no ovarian ablation or suppression) patients were randomly assigned. A total of 942 (89%) received ovarian ablation or suppression as allocated. Overall, no evidence of a benefit for ovarian ablation or suppression was observed for relapse-free survival (relapse in the ovarian ablation/suppression versus no ovarian ablation/suppression group, 290 events versus 306 events, HR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81 to 1.12; P = .56) or overall survival (death from any cause in the ovarian ablation or suppression versus no ovarian ablation/suppression group, 215 events versus 230 events, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.13; P = .44), nor were differences seen after adjustment for age, nodal status, or estrogen receptor (ER) status.


CONCLUSION
Overall, no added effect of ovarian ablation or suppression was seen on relapse-free survival or overall survival of premenopausal women who were treated for early-stage breast cancer. However, the role of ovarian ablation or suppression in young (<40 years) women with ER-positive tumors, especially those not receiving chemotherapy, requires further study.
Significant decrease of the International Index of Erectile Function in male renal failure patients treated with hemodialysis

In order to evaluate the erectile function in male renal failure patients treated with hemodialysis (HD), we investigated the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in patients and healthy controls. The subjects were 174 male patients treated with HD, of whom 43 had diabetes mellitus (DM) and the remaining 131 patients did not have DM. The controls were 1133 healthy males. We evaluated the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) using the erectile function (EF) score, which is one of the five domains of the IIEF, in each age group (upto 39 y old, 40–49 y old, 50–59 y old, 60–69 y old). The severity of ED was classified into five categories using EF in each age group. The univariate logistic regression analysis and multiple variate analysis of IIEF in HD patients were performed. The prevalence of ED in HD patients was significantly higher than that in the controls in each age group. The severity of ED in HD patients was also significantly higher than that in the controls in each age group. In the logistic regression analysis and multiple variate analysis of IIEF in HD patients, DM and age were significant risk factors on sexual dysfunction. ED was more prevalent in male renal failure patients treated with HD than in the controls. In the patient group, ED was more prevalent in older DM patients.
Keying Hash Functions for Message Authentication

The use of cryptographic hash functions like MD5 or SHA for message authentication has become a standard approach in many Internet applications and protocols. Though very easy to implement, these mechanisms are usually based on ad hoc techniques that lack a sound security analysis. We present new constructions of message authentication schemes based on a cryptographic hash function. Our schemes, NMAC and HMAC, are proven to be secure as long as the underlying hash function has some reasonable cryptographic strengths. Moreover we show, in a quantitative way, that the schemes retain almost all the security of the underlying hash function. In addition our schemes are efficient and practical. Their performance is essentially that of the underlying hash function. Moreover they use the hash function (or its compression function) as a black box, so that widely available library code or hardware can be used to implement them in a simple way, and replaceability of the underlying hash function is easily supported. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. Email: mihir@cs.ucsd.edu. http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir. † IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598. Email: canetti@ watson.ibm.com. Work done while author was at MIT, supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Rothschild Foundation. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598. Email:hugo@watson.ibm. com.
Communication architectures and protocols for networking unmanned aerial vehicles

A fundamental but challenging problem in cooperation and control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is efficient networking of the UAVs over the wireless medium in rapidly changing environments. In this paper, we introduce four communication architectures for networking UAVs and review some military communication standards applicable to UAV communications. After discussions of pros and cons of each communication architecture, we conclude that a UAV ad hoc network is the most appropriate architecture to network a team of UAVs, while a multi-layer UAV ad hoc network is more suitable for multiple groups of heterogeneous UAVs. By comparing various legacy and next-generation military data link systems, we highlight that one important feature of the next-generation waveforms is their capability of Internet protocol (IP) based ad hoc networking, which allows UAVs to communicate with each other in a single- or multi-layer UAV ad hoc networks.
Survival of palatal miniscrews used for orthodontic appliance anchorage: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to examine the overall success of miniscrews inserted in the paramedian palatal region for support of various appliances during orthodontic treatment.


METHODS
The patients received 1 or 2 miniscrews in the paramedian anterior palate of 8.0-mm length and 1.6-mm diameter placed during orthodontic treatment by the same experienced orthodontist.


RESULTS
In total, 196 patients (121 girls, 75 boys; median age, 11.7; interquartile range, 3.7) who received 384 miniscrews were evaluated. Two hundred four miniscrews were used with rapid palatal expansion appliances, 136 with appliances for distalization of posterior teeth, and 44 with other appliances, such as transpalatal arches for tooth stabilization. The overall survival of the miniscrews was excellent (97.9%) in the cases examined. Cox regression analysis showed no difference in the overall survival rates of miniscrews loaded with different appliances for sex (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.27; P = 0.73) after adjusting for appliance and age.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that miniscrews placed in the paramedian anterior palate for supporting various orthodontic appliances have excellent survival.
Clinical manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: key considerations and major features.

BACKGROUND
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presents a wide spectrum of manifestations from the common respiratory symptoms to infrequent neurological and cardiac complications. The challenge in diagnosis and management makes the rapidly progressive disorder one of the most challenging dilemmas in clinical medicine.


METHOD
An extensive electronic literature search was done using multiple databases (e.g. PubMed) from January 2007 to August 2017 to gather information on the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and current treatment management plan of GPA. The language used was English. Search items included 'Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis symptoms,' 'Wegener's Granulomatosis,' and 'Treatment of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis' for the databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of published articles in the English language which reported on the clinical manifestations of GPA, as well as on the treatment of the disease. Exclusion criteria included articles that: (1) did not specifically report on GPA vasculitis but also focused on discussion of other vasculitis such as MPA or Churg-Strauss; (2) reported on treatment/symptoms of GPA prior to 2007.


RESULT
This review provides an overview of work undertaken in key areas of GPA research, including its complex multifactorial etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and treatment-related adverse effects.


CONCLUSION
Major advances in the understanding and treatment of GPA over recent decades have contributed to the notable decline in morbidity and mortality of patients. The ultimate goal is an improved prognosis through outcome measures which assesses the disease control with minimal adverse effects of intensive immunosuppressive regimens, an integral part of the clinical approach to improve the quality of life of GPA patients.
Modal Reasoning and Rough Set Theory

In this paper, we would like to present some modal logics with semantics based on rough set theory and related notions. In addition to surveying some well-known results about the links between modal logics and rough set theory, we also develop some new applied logics inspired I)y generalized rough set theory. Kcywor(ls: Rough set, modal logic, cpistcmic logic. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n Tile rough set theory is invented by Pawlak[15, 16] to account for the definability of a concept in terms of some elementary ones in an approximation space. Pawlak claims that knowledge is deep-seated in the classificatory abilities of human beings and other species, so rough set theory is a framework for discussions about knowledge, ill particular when imprecise knowledge is of primary concern([16], p.2). Thus the theory is in particular effective in extracting knowledge from data tables and it has been successfully and widely applied to domains such as intelligent data analysis (data mining and knowledge discovery in database), decision making, machine learning, pattern recognition and conflict analysis[13]. An important common feature of these applications is the classification of objects and the representation of the classificatory knowledge in rough set notions. The most well-known relationship between rough set theory and logics is the connection of approximation space with possible world semantics for the modal epistemic logic $5. Recently, the relationship between more general rough set model and modal logics have been examined in [28, 27, 29]. The common semantic intuition behind them is to view the set of possible worlds as an approximation space. These results all show the cross fertilization between rough set theory and logics, so it is worthwhile to investigate the further relationship between different generalizations of rough set models and logic systems. Based on this background, the purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to survey and present the current results in a uniform way. The second is to fill some missing links between the existing general rough set models and logical formalisms and develop further some applied logics inspired by rough set theory. In what follows, we will first review the rough set theory and some of its main generalizatious. Then different modal logics and their relationship with rough set notions are discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks are given.
Design and methods for a randomized clinical trial of a diabetes self-management intervention for low-Income Latinos: Latinos en Control

BACKGROUND
US Latinos have greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diabetes), uncontrolled diabetes and diabetes co-morbidities compared to non-Latino Whites. They also have lower literacy levels and are more likely to live in poverty. Interventions are needed to improve diabetes control among low-income Latinos.


METHODS AND DESIGN
This randomized clinical trial tested the efficacy of a culturally- and literacy-tailored diabetes self-management intervention (Latinos en Control) on glycemic control among low-income Latinos with diabetes, compared to usual care (control). Participants were recruited from five community health centers (CHCs) in Massachusetts. The theory-based intervention included an intensive phase of 12 weekly sessions and a follow-up maintenance phase of 8 monthly sessions. Assessments occurred at baseline, and at 4 and 12 months. The primary outcome was glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were self-management behaviors, weight, lipids and blood pressure. Additional outcomes included diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, depression and quality of life. The study was designed for recruitment of 250 participants (estimated 20% dropout rate) to provide 90% power for detecting a 7% or greater change in HbA1c between the intervention and control groups. This is a difference in change of HbA1c of 0.5 to 0.6%.


DISCUSSION
Low-income Latinos bear a great burden of uncontrolled diabetes and are an understudied population. Theory-based interventions that are tailored to the needs of this high-risk population have potential for improving diabetes self-management and reduce health disparities. This article describes the design and methods of a theory driven intervention aimed at addressing this need.
A phase II trial of brivanib in recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer: an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

PURPOSE
Brivanib, an oral, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) was investigated as a single agent in a phase II trial to assess the activity and tolerability in recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer (EMC).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eligible patients had persistent or recurrent EMC after receiving one to two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and performance status of ≤2. Treatment consisted of brivanib 800 mg orally every day until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) at six months and objective tumor response. Expression of multiple angiogenic proteins and FGFR2 mutation status was assessed.


RESULTS
Forty-five patients were enrolled. Forty-three patients were eligible and evaluable. Median age was 64 years. Twenty-four patients (55.8%) received prior radiation. Median number of cycles was two (range 1-24). No GI perforations but one rectal fistula were seen. Nine patients had grade 3 hypertension, with one experiencing grade 4 confusion. Eight patients (18.6%; 90% CI 9.6%-31.7%) had responses (one CR and seven PRs), and 13 patients (30.2%; 90% CI 18.9%-43.9%) were PFS at six months. Median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 3.3 and 10.7 months, respectively. When modeled jointly, VEGF and angiopoietin-2 expression may diametrically predict PFS. Estrogen receptor-α (ER) expression was positively correlated with OS.


CONCLUSION
Brivanib is reasonably well tolerated and worthy of further investigation based on PFS at six months in recurrent or persistent EMC.
Opportunities and challenges for quantum-assisted machine learning in near-term quantum computers

Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz, 2, 3, 4, 5, ∗ Marcello Benedetti, 2, 4, 5 John Realpe-Gómez, 6, 7 and Rupak Biswas 8 Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA Qubitera, LLC., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA Department of Computer Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK Cambridge Quantum Computing Limited, CB2 1UB Cambridge, UK SGT Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicadas, Universidad de Cartagena, Boĺıvar 130001, Colombia Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA (Dated: March 20, 2018)
Structural human brain networks: hot topics in diffusion tractography.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
After more than 10 years of methodological developments and clinical applications, diffusion imaging tractography has reached a crossroad. Although the method is still in its infancy, the time has come to address some important questions. Can tractography reproduce reliably known anatomy or describe new anatomical pathways? Are interindividual differences, for example in tract lateralization, important to understand heterogeneity of clinical manifestations? Do novel tractography algorithms provide a real advantage over previous methods? Here we focus on some of the most exciting recent advancements in diffusion tractography and critically highlight their advantages and limitations.


RECENT FINDINGS
A flourishing of diffusion methods and models are bringing new solutions to the well known limitations of classical tractography based on the tensor model. However, these methods pose also new challenges and require the convergence and integration of different disciplines before they can replace what is currently widely available.


SUMMARY
Rigorous postmortem validation, clinical optimization and experimental confirmation are obligatory steps before advanced diffusion technologies can translate into clear benefits for neurological patients.
Outcome of noninvasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of institution of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on clinical outcome and quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of children with severe neuromuscular disorders.


METHODS
We reviewed records and obtained clinical data from the year prior to commencing NIV and annually thereafter. Data obtained included diagnosis, patient symptoms, mortality, NIV adverse effects, pulmonary function tests, polysomnographic data, length of hospitalizations, and health care costs. Patients and parents completed questionnaires assessing QOL with NIV and recalling QOL before NIV.


RESULTS
Fourteen of 17 (82%) suitable patients were enrolled. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months (median 30). Symptoms of daytime sleepiness (p = 0.003) and headache (p = 0.046) improved after initiation of NIV. Sleep quality assessed by polysomnography also improved. Hospitalization rates (p = 0.002) and health care costs (p = 0.003) decreased. QOL remained stable after NIV, despite disease progression.


CONCLUSION
Treatment of respiratory failure, in children with neuromuscular disease, with noninvasive ventilation results in a reduction in symptoms, hospitalizations, and health care costs without adverse effects on quality of life.