LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mammographic Calcification in the Neoadjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer Imaging Evaluation

INTRODUCTION
Investigate the patterns of mammographically detected calcifications before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to determine their value for efficacy evaluation and surgical decision making.


METHODS
187 patients with malignant mammographic calcifications were followed to record the appearances and changes in the calcifications and to analyze their responses to NACT.


RESULTS
Patients with calcifications had higher rates of hormonal receptor (HR) positive tumors (74.3% versus 64.6%) and HER2 positive tumors (51.3% versus 33.4%, p = 0.004) and a similar pathologic complete response (pCR) rate compared to patients without calcifications (35.4% versus 29.8%). After NACT, the range of calcification decreased in 40% of patients, increased in 7.5% and remained stable in 52.5%; the calcification density decreased in 15% of patients, increased in 7.5% and remained stable in 77.5%; none of these change patterns were related to tumor response rate. No significant correlation was observed between the calcification appearance (morphology, distribution, range, diameter or density) and tumor subtypes or pCR rates. Among patients with malignant calcifications, 54 showed calcifications alone, 40 occurred with an architectural distortion (AD) and 93 with a mass. Calcifications were observed inside the tumor in 44% of patients and outside in 56%, with similar pCR rates and patterns of change.


CONCLUSIONS
Calcification appearance did not clearly change after NACT, and calcification patterns were not related to pCR rate, suggesting that mammogram may not accurate to evaluate tumor response changes. Microcalcifications visible after NACT is essential for determining the extent of excision, patients with calcifications that occurred outside of the mass still had the opportunity for breast conservation.
A Study of Encryption Algorithms AES, DES and RSA for Security

In recent years network security has become an important issue. Encryption has come up as a solution, and plays an important role in information security system. Many techniques are needed to protect the shared data. The present work focus on cryptography to secure the data while transmitting in the network. Firstly the data which is to be transmitted from sender to receiver in the network must be encrypted using the encryption algorithm in cryptography. Secondly, by using decryption technique the receiver can view the original data. In this paper we implemented three encrypt techniques like AES, DES and RSA algorithms and compared their performance of encrypt techniques based on the analysis of its stimulated time at the time of encryption and decryption. Experiments results are given to analyses the effectiveness of each algorithm.
Self Adaptive Hypermedia Navigation Based On Learner Model Characters

Nowadays, we are witnesses of a steadily increasing research interest in design, modeling, construction and practical experiments with adaptable e-learning platforms and tools. Adaptive Web based multimedia information authoring, control and delivery tends to be more and more promising as its offer unlimited level of personalization and satisfaction of goals and preferences of particular learners. Moreover, content delivery adapts to assessed level of knowledge and performance shown by the learner at given time of the e-learning process. Modern Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS) try to select content that best fits to the model of given learner, based of various forms of system adaptation. They can adaptive navigation through content pages and adapt content structure and/or presentation to needs and performance of each particular learner. Many contemporary AHS rely on self adaptive mechanisms for navigations, structuring and presentation of content best suited for given learner model. Usually, these mechanisms rely of setting weights for content pages. The article discusses a new approach for self adaptive navigation through concepts used for definition of a polymorphic learner model. The concepts from the learner model such as learner style, goals/preferences and/or learner prior knowledge and shown performance, are used for indexing of working paths of content pages but not pages themselves. Next, path indexes for the learner concepts are used at the decision (control) points within the narrative storyboard graph in order to select the path best suited to particular learner model. This process is called self adaptive content navigation as it dynamically changes the path indexes based on the results of tests and assessment of user satisfaction measured at the control points and, further, it uses them to reason which content to navigate to.
Cloud computing and its impact on economic and environmental performance: A transaction cost economics perspective

Article history: Received 7 September 2015 Received in revised form 15 February 2016 Accepted 27 March 2016 Available online 14 April 2016 For many organizations, managing both economic and environmental performance has emerged as a key challenge. Further,with expanding globalization organizations are finding itmore difficult tomaintain adequate supplier relations to balance both economic and environmental performance initiatives. Drawing on transaction cost economics, this study examines how novel information technology like cloud computing can help firms not only maintain adequate supply chain collaboration, but also balance both economic and environmental performance. We analyze survey data from 247 IT and supply chain professionals using structural equation modeling and partial least squares to verify the robustness of our results. Our analyses yield several interesting findings. First, contrary to other studies we find that collaboration does not necessarily affect environmental performance and only partiallymediates the relationship between cloud computing and economic performance. Secondly, the results of our survey provide evidence of the direct effect of cloud computing on both economic and environmental performance. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation

ral he tuffect as 3; a Abstract. We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes, spatial correlation, and local gray-level surface. 40 selected thresholding methods from various categories are compared in the context of nondestructive testing applications as well as for document images. The comparison is based on the combined performance measures. We identify the thresholding algorithms that perform uniformly better over nondestructive testing and document image applications. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.1631316]
Distribution-Independent Reliable Learning

We study several questions in the reliable agnosticlearning framework of Kalai et al. (2009), which captures learning tasks in which one type of error is costlie r than other types. A positive reliable classifier is one that makes no false positive errors. The goal in the positive reliableagnostic framework is to output a hypothesis with the following properties: (i) its f alse positive error rate is at most ǫ, (ii) its false negative error rate is at most ǫ more than that of the best positive reliable classifier from t he class. A closely related notion isfully reliable agnostic learning, which considers partial classifiersthat are allowed to predict “unknown” on some inputs. The best fully r eliable partial classifier is one that makes no errors and minimizes the probability of predicting “unkn own”, and the goal in fully reliable learning is to output a hypothesis that is almost as good as the best ful ly reliable partial classifier from a class. For distribution-independent learning, the best known alg orithms for PAC learning typically utilize polynomial threshold representations, while the state of t he art agnostic learning algorithms use pointwise polynomial approximations. We show that one-sided polynomial approximations , an intermediate notion between polynomial threshold representations and p oint-wise polynomial approximations, suffice for learning in the reliable agnostic settings. We then show that majorities can be fully reliably learned and disjunctions of majorities can be positive reliably lea rned, through constructions of appropriate onesided polynomial approximations. Our fully reliable algor ithm for majorities provides the first evidence that fully reliable learning may be strictly easier than agn ostic learning. Our algorithms also satisfy strong attribute-efficiency properties, and in many cases t h y provide smooth tradeoffs between sample complexity and running time. University of California, Berkeley. Email: vkanade@eecs.berkeley.edu The Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at UC Berkel ey. Email:jthaler@seas.harvard.edu
Social anxiety and technology: Face-to-face communication versus technological communication among teens

This study examined teens’ use of socially interactive technologies (SITs), such as online social sites, cell phones/text messaging, and instant messaging (IM), and the role that social anxiety plays on how teens communicate with others (technologically or face-to-face). Participants included 280 high school students from a large western city. On average, 35–40% of teens reported using cell phones/text messaging and online social sites between 1 and 4 h daily, 24% reported using IMs 1–4 h daily and only 8% reported using email between 1 and 4 h daily. Females tended to use cell phones/text messaging and online social sites more so than did males. In assessing social anxiety, analyses revealed a positive relationship between social anxiety (not comfortable talking with others face-to-face) and (1) talking with others online and (2) talking with others via text messaging. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between the lack of social anxiety (feeling ‘‘comfortable” talking with others) and making friends online. Assessing gender differences and social anxiety also revealed significant differences. Results revealed females reported more social anxiety (not comfortable talking with others in person) than did males. In addition, females, more than males, reported feeling more comfortable using SITs (text messaging and online social sites only) rather than talking with others face-to-face. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tropane alkaloids production in transgenic Hyoscyamus niger hairy root cultures over-expressing Putrescine N-methyltransferase is methyl jasmonate-dependent

The cDNA from Nicotiana tabacum encoding Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids, has been introduced into the genome of a scopolamine-producing Hyoscyamus niger mediated by the disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1, which also carries Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid pRiA4, and expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Hairy root lines transformed with pmt presented fivefold higher PMT activity than the control, and the methylputrescine (MPUT) levels of the resulting engineered hairy roots increased four to fivefold compared to the control and wild-type roots, but there was no significant increase in tropane alkaloids. However, after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, a considerable increase of PMTase and endogenous H6Hase as well as an increase in scopolamine content was found either in the transgenic hairy roots or the control. The results indicate that hairy root lines over-expressing pmt have a high capacity to synthesize MPUT, whereas their ability to convert hyoscyamine into scopolamine is very limited. Exposure to MeJA strongly stimulated both polyamine and tropane biosynthesis pathways and elicitation led to more or less enhanced production simultaneously.
Environmental Impacts of Waste Management Deficiencies and Health Issues: A Case Study in the City of Kaya, Burkina Faso

In this study, a stratified survey sampling was used in order to broaden our knowledge on the management systems of household waste in the town of Kaya/Burkina Faso. Population study consists of households of the town of Kaya. The sample size was fist determined using the sample size calculation formula. Then four (04) strata comprising the town of Kaya sectors that have a Health and Social Promotion Center (HSPC) have been considered. A random household selection method, used inside each stratum and a number of 468 households representative of the town’s population, was surveyed. We have addressed all solid and liquid waste management strategies in those four strata. For each stratum, waste disposal infrastructure, its management in the households and its impacts on the town’s environment and populations’ health were screened. Data collected are presented through descriptive statistics in mean of tables and graphs. Frequently reported diseases in the four HSPCs have been correlated with waste management and disposal methods in the town. Poor handling, evacuation and disposal of waste have numerous negatives impacts on the city’s environment such as proliferation of mosquitoes and flies, bad odors, visual pollution. These negatives impacts on the environment in turn have negatives impacts on the health of the city residents. Malaria appears the most encountered disease followed by Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea. Suggestions aimed at improving waste management and the reduction of its deficiencies impacts on the health of the population has been made.
Diverging Color Maps for Scientific Visualization

One of the most fundamental features of scientific visualization is the process of mapping scalar values to colors. This process allows us to view scalar fields by coloring surfaces and volumes. Unfortunately, the majority of scientific visualization tools still use a color map that is famous for its ineffectiveness: the rainbow color map. This color map, which näıvely sweeps through the most saturated colors, is well known for its ability to obscure data, introduce artifacts, and confuse users. Although many alternate color maps have been proposed, none have achieved widespread adoption by the visualization community for scientific visualization. This paper explores the use of diverging color maps (sometimes also called ratio, bipolar, or double-ended color maps) for use in scientific visualization, provides a diverging color map that generally performs well in scientific visualization applications, and presents an algorithm that allows users to easily generate their own customized
A potential shift from adaptive immune activity to nonspecific inflammatory activation associated with higher depression symptoms in chronic heart failure patients.

BACKGROUND
Chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with elevated depression symptoms are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms linking symptoms of depression with disease progression in CHF are unclear. However, research studies have found evidence of alterations in immune activity associated with depression symptoms that may influence heart function. The present study sought to determine the relationship between depression symptoms and chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in CHF patients, both at rest and in response to moderate exercise.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Sixty-five patients diagnosed with CHF (mean age, 59.8 +/- 14.5 years) and 45 non-CHF control subjects (mean age, 52.1 +/- 11.6) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) before undergoing a moderate 20-minute bicycle exercise task. Chemotaxis of PBMCs was examined in vitro to a bacterial peptide f-met leu phe (fMLP) and a physiologic chemokine, stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) immediately before and after exercise. CHF patients had reduced chemotaxis to SDF-1 (P = .025) compared with non-CHF subjects. Higher BDI scores were associated with reduced baseline chemotaxis to SDF-1 in both CHF and non-CHF subjects (P = .027). In contrast, higher BDI scores were associated with increased chemotaxis to fMLP (P = .049) and SDF-1 (P = .018) in response to exercise in the CHF patients.


CONCLUSION
The present study suggests a shift in immune cell mobility in CHF patients with greater depression symptom severity, with reduced chemotaxis to a physiologically specific chemokine at rest but increased chemotaxis to both nonspecific and specific chemical attractants in response to physical activity. This could have implications for cardiac repair and remodeling in CHF patients and therefore may affect disease progression.
Influences of the depth-dependent material inhomogeneity of articular cartilage on the fluid pressurization in the human knee.

The material properties of articular cartilage are depth-dependent, i.e. they differ in the superficial, middle and deep zones. The role of this depth-dependent material inhomogeneity in the poromechanical response of the knee joint has not been investigated with patient-specific joint modeling. In the present study, the depth-dependent and site-specific material properties were incorporated in an anatomically accurate knee model that consisted of the distal femur, femoral cartilage, menisci, tibial cartilage and proximal tibia. The collagen fibers, proteoglycan matrix and fluid in articular cartilage and menisci were considered as distinct constituents. The fluid pressurization in the knee was determined with finite element analysis. The results demonstrated the influences of the depth-dependent inhomogeneity on the fluid pressurization, compressive stress, first principal stress and strain along the tissue depth. The depth-dependent inhomogeneity enhanced the fluid support to loading in the superficial zone by raising the fluid pressure and lowering the compressive effective stress at the same time. The depth-dependence also reduced the tensile stress and strain at the cartilage-bone interface. The present 3D modeling revealed a complex fluid pressurization and 3D stresses that depended on the mechanical contact and relaxation time, which could not be predicted by existing 2D models from the literature. The greatest fluid pressure was observed in the medial condyle, regardless of the depth-dependent inhomogeneity. The results indicated the roles of the tissue inhomogeneity in reducing deep tissue fractures, protecting the superficial tissue from excessive compressive stress and improving the lubrication in the joint.
Knowledge repository to improve agile development processes learning

Software process learning depends significantly on technologies to store, search and share knowledge that can be used in software projects. The aim of this work is to provide a set of guidelines to develop a knowledge-based process asset libraries (PALs), using a Wiki (as a Web 2.0 technology), to store software engineering best practices. Fieldwork was carried out in a two-year training course of agile development process. This was validated in two phases (with and without PAL), each of which consisted of two stages: training and project. The study demonstrates that on the one hand, the learning process can be improved using a PAL – Wiki to transfer and share the software process knowledge, and on the other hand, junior software engineers developed software products with a greater degree of independence.
Parallel and Distributed Frequent Pattern Mining in Large Databases

Recently, a significant number of parallel and distributed algorithms have been proposed to mine frequent patterns (FP) from large and/or distributed databases. Among them parallelization of the FP-growth algorithms using the FP-tree has been proved to be highly efficient. However, the FP-tree-based techniques suffer from two major limitations such as multiple database scans requirement (i.e., high I/O cost) and high inter-processor communications cost (during the mining phase). Therefore, we propose a novel tree structure, called PP-tree (Parallel Pattern tree) that significantly reduces the I/O cost by capturing the database contents with a single scan and facilitates the efficient FP-growth mining on it with reduced inter-processor communication overhead. Our parallel algorithm works independently at each local site and locally generates global frequent patterns which are merged at the final stage. The experimental results reflect that parallel and distributed FP mining with PP-tree outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Incidence and root causes of cancellations for elective orthopaedic procedures: a single center experience of 17,625 consecutive cases

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the Swedish public health-care system is to provide care on equal terms for all citizens. In this, as in most other systems where taxes and/or insurances pay for most of the care, normal market forces are set aside at least in part. At times, this has, for example, resulted in long waiting lists, particularly in terms of elective orthopaedic surgery, with several negative consequences, such as cancellations of planned surgery.


METHODS
The main purpose of this retrospective observational single center study was to evaluate and describe the number and reasons for cancellations in elective orthopaedic surgery. Studied were all the elective patients scheduled for joint replacement, arthroscopy and foot & ankle surgery, January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011, whose procedure was cancelled at least once.


RESULTS
Of all 17,625 patients scheduled for elective surgery 6,911 (39%) received at least one, some several cancellations. The most common reason for cancelling a planned surgery was different patient-related factors 3,293 (33%). Cancellations due to treatment guarantee legislation reached 2,885 (29%) and 1,181 (12%) of the cancellations were related to incomplete pre-operative preparation of the patients. Organisational reasons were the cause of approximately 869 (9%) of the cancellations.


CONCLUSIONS
In this study of patients waiting for elective orthopaedic surgery 6,911(39%) had their surgical procedure cancelled at least once, some several times. It appears that it should be possible to eliminate many of these cancellations, while others are unavoidable or caused by factors outside the responsibility of the individual clinic or even hospital. One possible way of influencing the high rate of cancellations might be to change the view of the patients and involve them in the overall planning of the care process.