LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
PERSIANN-CDR Daily Precipitation Climate Data Record from Multisatellite Observations for Hydrological and Climate Studies

AFFILIATIONS: asHouri, Hsu, soroosHian, and braitHwaite— Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Knapp and neLson—NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina; CeCiL—Global Science & Technology, Inc., Asheville, North Carolina; prat—Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University, and NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Hamed Ashouri, Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 E-mail: h.ashouri@uci.edu
A 40 Gb/s transimpedance amplifier in 65 nm CMOS

A 40 Gb/s transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed as a modified regulated cascode in 65 nm CMOS technology using ultra-compact peaking inductors to provide improved frequency response and lower input referred noise. The bandwidth of the TIA is 21.6 GHz with 46.7 dB£J of gain for an input capacitance of 200fF and the simulated input referred noise is below 30pA/√Hz up to 26.1 GHz. The TIA core occupies only 150 µm×50 µm of chip area and for a 1.2V supply voltage the TIA consumes 8.2 mw while the power-hungry buffers need 31.5mW to drive the 50£J load. The TIA is measured in a 50Q environment.
Effects of alloying additions of titanium, molybdenum, silicon, hafnium and tantalum on the microstructure of iron aluminides near Fe3Al

Abstract Additions of titanium, molybdenum, silicon, hafnium and/or tantalum to FeAl alloys near the composition Fe 3 Al have been found to affect many microstructural features including antiphase domain size, types and crystallography of antiphase and interphase boundaries, and slip vectors. In addition, different microstructures are developed with changes in aluminum content in complex alloys containing molybdenum, titanium and hafnium. In particular, with decreasing aluminum level, the microstructure changes from a single phase D0 3 superlattice to a structure having elongated ordered domains with a thin layer of the disordered phase along the antiphase boundaries, and finally to a two-phase modulated structure with D0 3 domains aligned along 〈100〉 directions in a disordered matrix. Stabilization of the D0 3 structure through alloying with molybdenum and titanium causes the slip vector to change from the usually observed 〈111〉 to 〈110〉 which is in agreement with the crystallographic symmetry.
Recent advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

INTRODUCTION
At present, two strategies exist for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB): i) standard or pegylated interferon alpha (IFN) with mainly immune modulatory effects; and ii) nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) with direct antiviral effects. The optimal treatment for an individual patient remains controversial.


AREAS COVERED
The treatment efficacy and prediction of response to antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B are reviewed and discussed.


EXPERT OPINION
The rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss or seroconversion are continuously increasing in CHB patients after stopping a finite course of IFN, whereas long-term NA therapy is usually required to improve the adverse outcomes of CHB. Lower baseline HBV DNA level is a strong predictor for both sustained viral suppression and HBeAg seroconversion in patients receiving IFN-based as well as NAs therapy. In addition, HBeAg-positive patients with genotype A or B infection have better responses to IFN-based therapy than those with genotypes C or D infection. Furthermore, on-treatment predictors such as declines of serum HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg levels may be helpful in making decisions of subsequent therapy. Regarding the association of host genetic factors with responses to antiviral therapy, current evidence is limited.
Measurement of acceleration while walking as an automated method for gait assessment in dairy cattle.

The aims were to determine whether measures of acceleration of the legs and back of dairy cows while they walk could help detect changes in gait or locomotion associated with lameness and differences in the walking surface. In 2 experiments, 12 or 24 multiparous dairy cows were fitted with five 3-dimensional accelerometers, 1 attached to each leg and 1 to the back, and acceleration data were collected while cows walked in a straight line on concrete (experiment 1) or on both concrete and rubber (experiment 2). Cows were video-recorded while walking to assess overall gait, asymmetry of the steps, and walking speed. In experiment 1, cows were selected to maximize the range of gait scores, whereas no clinically lame cows were enrolled in experiment 2. For each accelerometer location, overall acceleration was calculated as the magnitude of the 3-dimensional acceleration vector and the variance of overall acceleration, as well as the asymmetry of variance of acceleration within the front and rear pair of legs. In experiment 1, the asymmetry of variance of acceleration in the front and rear legs was positively correlated with overall gait and the visually assessed asymmetry of the steps (r ≥ 0.6). Walking speed was negatively correlated with the asymmetry of variance of the rear legs (r=-0.8) and positively correlated with the acceleration and the variance of acceleration of each leg and back (r ≥ 0.7). In experiment 2, cows had lower gait scores [2.3 vs. 2.6; standard error of the difference (SED)=0.1, measured on a 5-point scale] and lower scores for asymmetry of the steps (18.0 vs. 23.1; SED=2.2, measured on a continuous 100-unit scale) when they walked on rubber compared with concrete, and their walking speed increased (1.28 vs. 1.22 m/s; SED=0.02). The acceleration of the front (1.67 vs. 1.72 g; SED=0.02) and rear (1.62 vs. 1.67 g; SED=0.02) legs and the variance of acceleration of the rear legs (0.88 vs. 0.94 g; SED=0.03) were lower when cows walked on rubber compared with concrete. Despite the improvements in gait score that occurred when cows walked on rubber, the asymmetry of variance of acceleration of the front leg was higher (15.2 vs. 10.4%; SED=2.0). The difference in walking speed between concrete and rubber correlated with the difference in the mean acceleration and the difference in the variance of acceleration of the legs and back (r ≥ 0.6). Three-dimensional accelerometers seem to be a promising tool for lameness detection on farm and to study walking surfaces, especially when attached to a leg.
The marketplace of ideology : “ Elective af fi nities ” in political psychology and their implications for consumer behavior

An abundance of research in political psychology demonstrates that leftists and rightists (or liberals and conservatives) diverge from one another in terms of: (a) personality characteristics; (b) cognitive processing styles; (c) motivational interests and concerns; (d) the prioritization of personal values; and (e) neurological structures and physiological functions. In this article, I summarize these findings and discuss some of their implications for persuasion, framing, and advertising; consumer choice, judgment, decision-making, and behavior; and customer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction and politically motivated boycotts. I conclude that the theory and practice of consumer psychology will be enriched by taking into account ideological asymmetries and the ways in which human behavior both reflects and gives rise to left–right divergence in political orientation—not only in terms of beliefs, opinions, and values but also in terms of underlying psychological processes. © 2017 Society for Consumer Psychology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions

[1] Pore pressure changes are rigorously included in Coulomb stress calculations for fault interaction studies. These are considered changes under undrained conditions for analyzing very short term postseismic response. The assumption that pore pressure is proportional to faultnormal stress leads to the widely used concept of an effective friction coefficient. We provide an exact expression for undrained fault zone pore pressure changes to evaluate the validity of that concept. A narrow fault zone is considered whose poroelastic parameters are different from those in the surrounding medium, which is assumed to be elastically isotropic. We use conditions for mechanical equilibrium of stress and geometric compatibility of strain to express the effective normal stress change within the fault as a weighted linear combination of mean stress and faultnormal stress changes in the surroundings. Pore pressure changes are determined by fault-normal stress changes when the shear modulus within the fault zone is significantly smaller than in the surroundings but by mean stress changes when the elastic mismatch is small. We also consider an anisotropic fault zone, introducing a Skempton tensor for pore pressure changes. If the anisotropy is extreme, such that fluid pressurization under constant stress would cause expansion only in the fault-normal direction, then the effective friction coefficient concept applies exactly. We finally consider moderately longer timescales than those for undrained response. A sufficiently permeable fault may come to local pressure equilibrium with its surroundings even while that surrounding region may still be undrained, leading to pore pressure change determined by mean stress changes in those surroundings.
Gallstones, cholecystectomy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) MICOL population-based study.

BACKGROUND
Subjects with irritable bowel syndrome may undergo an excess of cholecystectomy. It is not known, however, whether the cholecystectomy rate parallels an increased risk of gallstones.


AIM
Aim was to assess the prevalence and the incidence of gallstones and cholecystectomy in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In this population-based study, 29,139 subjects (63.2% of 46,139 randomly selected subjects, age 30-69 years) underwent a physical examination, an interview on gastrointestinal symptoms and an upper abdominal ultrasonography. An identical survey was carried out 7.8+/-1.0 (M+/-S.D.) years later on 8460 gallstone-free subjects at the first survey. Prevalence and incidence of gallstones and cholecystectomy were assessed in subjects with (1) irritable bowel syndrome; (2) abdominal pain and normal bowel; (3) altered bowel and no abdominal pain and (4) asymptomatic controls; univariate and multivariate regression logistic models were used for statistical analysis.


RESULTS
Prevalence odds of gallstones and cholecystectomy were significantly higher in irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal pain and normal bowel than in controls. Irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal pain and normal bowel subjects were more aware of gallstones than controls (p<0.001), and the prevalence of gallstones in irritable bowel syndrome subjects unaware of their gallbladder status was not significantly different from the controls. The incidence of gallstone disease in irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain and normal bowel, and altered bowel and no abdominal pain subjects did not differ from the controls. The incidence of cholecystectomy was higher in irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal pain and normal bowel groups than in controls and altered bowel and no abdominal pain group.


CONCLUSIONS
Irritable bowel syndrome subjects have an increased risk of cholecystectomy that is not due to an increased risk of gallstones, but rather to abdominal pain, awareness of having gallstones, and inappropriate surgical indications.
Lot-sizing decisions under trade credit depending on the ordering quantity

This paper deals with the problem of determining the economic order quantity for exponentially deteriorating items under the conditions of permissible delay in payments. The delay in payments depends on the quantity ordered. When the order quantity is less than at which the delay in payments is permitted, the payment for the product must be made immediately. Otherwise, the 0xed trade credit period is permitted. Based upon the above arguments, this paper incorporates both Hwang and Shinn (Comput. Oper. Res. 24 (1997) 539) and Khouja and Mehrez (J. Manuf. Systems 15 (1996) 334) under above conditions. In addition, the objective function is modeled as a total variable cost-minimization problem. An algorithm to determine the economic order quantity is developed. Examples are solved to illustrate the results given in this paper. Finally, the results in this paper generalize some already published results. ? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Information fusion to detect and classify pedestrians using invariant features

Article history: Received 4 February 2009 Received in revised form 14 April 2010 Accepted 15 June 2010 Available online xxxx
Referral and diagnosis of common rheumatic diseases by primary care physicians.

OBJECTIVE
To describe primary care patterns of referral and diagnoses of patients with rheumatic diseases referred to rheumatologists.


METHODS
The medical records of all consecutive patients referred in 1994 by >300 primary care physicians to two rheumatologists at an academic centre were reviewed. The referring physician diagnosis was compared with the rheumatologist's diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of primary care diagnoses were estimated using the rheumatologist diagnosis as the 'gold standard'.


SETTING
University-based rheumatology out-patient clinic.


RESULTS
Over half of the patients referred had a rheumatologist diagnosis of soft-tissue rheumatism or a spinal pain syndrome. Three hundred and forty-seven patients (49%) had a primary care diagnosis of a defined rheumatic disease. Of these, 142 (41%) of the primary care diagnoses were subsequently modified by the rheumatologist. The highest agreement between primary care physician and rheumatologist was observed for crystal-induced arthritis (kappa = 0.86), and the lowest agreement for polymyalgia rheumatica (kappa = 0.39) and systemic lupus (kappa = 0.46). Sensitivity was lowest for a primary care diagnosis of fibromyalgia (48%) and highest for ankylosing spondylitis (94%). Positive predictive values were generally low, in particular for systemic lupus erythematosus (33%) and polymyalgia rheumatica (30%).


CONCLUSION
Most patients referred to an academic rheumatology centre had soft-tissue rheumatism or other pain syndromes. In general, diagnostic agreement between rheumatologists and primary care physicians was low. Increased emphasis on musculoskeletal disorders should be encouraged in medical education to increase the efficiency of rheumatology referrals.
Hyperoxia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia as outcome factors after cardiac arrest in children.

PURPOSE
Arterial hyperoxia after resuscitation has been associated with increased mortality in adults. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that post-resuscitation hyperoxia and hypocapnia are associated with increased mortality after resuscitation in pediatric patients.


METHODS
We performed a prospective observational multicenter hospital-based study including 223 children aged between 1 month and 18 years who achieved return of spontaneous circulation after in-hospital cardiac arrest and for whom arterial blood gas analysis data were available.


RESULTS
After return of spontaneous circulation, 8.5% of patients had hyperoxia (defined as PaO(2)>300 mm Hg) and 26.5% hypoxia (defined as PaO(2)<60 mm Hg). No statistical differences in mortality were observed when patients with hyperoxia (52.6%), hypoxia (42.4%), or normoxia (40.7%) (p=0.61). Hypocapnia (defined as PaCO(2)<30 mm Hg) was observed in 13.5% of patients and hypercapnia (defined as PaCO(2)>50 mm Hg) in 27.6%. Patients with hypercapnia or hypocapnia had significantly higher mortality (59.0% and 50.0%, respectively) than patients with normocapnia (33.1%) (p=0.002). At 24h after return of spontaneous circulation, neither PaO(2) nor PaCO(2) values were associated with mortality. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hypercapnia (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.62-6.61; p=0.001) and hypocapnia (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.04-7.05; p=0.04) after return of spontaneous circulation were significant mortality factors.


CONCLUSIONS
In children resuscitated from cardiac arrest, hyperoxemia after return of spontaneous circulation or 24h later was not associated with mortality. On the other hand, hypercapnia and hypocapnia were associated with higher mortality than normocapnia.
Behavior Change Techniques in Apps for Medication Adherence: A Content Analysis.

INTRODUCTION
There are a vast number of smartphone applications (apps) aimed at promoting medication adherence on the market; however, the theory and evidence base in terms of applying established health behavior change techniques underpinning these apps remains unclear. This study aimed to code these apps using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) for the presence or absence of established behavior change techniques.


METHODS
The sample of apps was identified through systematic searches in both the Google Play Store and Apple App Store in February 2015. All apps that fell into the search categories were downloaded for analysis. The downloaded apps were screened with exclusion criteria, and suitable apps were reviewed and coded for behavior change techniques in March 2015. Two researchers performed coding independently.


RESULTS
In total, 166 medication adherence apps were identified and coded. The number of behavior change techniques contained in an app ranged from zero to seven (mean=2.77). A total of 12 of a possible 96 behavior change techniques were found to be present across apps. The most commonly included behavior change techniques were "action planning" and "prompt/cues," which were included in 96% of apps, followed by "self-monitoring" (37%) and "feedback on behavior" (36%).


CONCLUSIONS
The current extent to which established behavior change techniques are used in medication adherence apps is limited. The development of medication adherence apps may not have benefited from advances in the theory and practice of health behavior change.
Limited-Feedback-Based Adaptive Power Allocation and Subcarrier Pairing for OFDM DF Relay Networks With Diversity

A limited-feedback-based dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed for a relay cooperative network with orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. A communication model where one source node communicates with one destination node assisted by one half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) relay is considered in this paper. We first consider the selective DF scheme, in which some relay subcarriers will keep idle if they do not have the advantage of forwarding the received symbols. Furthermore, we consider the enhanced DF scheme where the idle subcarriers are used to transmit new messages at the source. We aim to maximize the system's instantaneous rate by jointly optimizing power allocation and subcarrier pairing on each subcarrier based on the Lloyd algorithm. Both sum and individual power constraints are considered. The joint optimization turns out to be a mixed integer programming problem. We then transform it into a convex optimization by continuous relaxation and achieve the solution in the dual domain. The performance of the proposed joint resource allocation algorithm is verified by simulations. We find that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing methods in various channel conditions. We also observe that only a few feedback bits can achieve most of the performance gain of the perfect channel-state-information (CSI)-based resource allocation algorithm at different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
A palatability study of a flavored dexamethasone preparation versus prednisolone liquid in children.

BACKGROUND
Palatability is an important factor in medication compliance for children where the acceptability of a liquid medication and its ease of administration will be greatly affected by its taste.


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine which, if any of two steroid preparations, oral dexamethasone or oral prednisolone, was more palatable to children requiring steroid treatment for asthma.


METHODS
A single-blind taste test of 2 different steroid suspensions, liquid prednisolone (1mg/ml) versus liquid dexamethasone (1mg/ml), was conducted in children aged 5-12 years, presenting to the pediatric emergency department with an exacerbation of asthma requiring steroid treatment. Children received 2.5mls of either prednisolone or dexamethasone and were asked to score their impression of taste on a 10 cm visual analog scale. After cleansing of the palate they were given the other steroid and scored its taste.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine children (54% male) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 7.1 years (SD=2.0). The median visual analog scale measurement for dexamethasone was 8.2 cm (IQR= 5.2) whilst the median measurement for prednisolone was 5.0 cm (IQR= 7.3), p=0.03. Male children were more likely to prefer dexamethasone than females with a median score of 9.9 cm (IQR=3.8) for males vs. 5.9 cm (IQR=9.3) for females, p=0.005. There was no gender preference for prednisolone.


CONCLUSIONS
There was a statistically significant difference between the taste of dexamethasone and prednisolone, with dexamethasone being the preferred steroid among pediatric patients with asthma. Males were much more likely to prefer dexamethasone than females.
Atrial fibrillation detection and R-wave synchronization by Metrix implantable atrial defibrillator: implications for long-term efficacy and safety. The Metrix Investigators.

BACKGROUND
The long-term efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection and R-wave synchronization are critical safety requirements for the development of an implantable atrial defibrillator (IAD) for treatment of AF.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The long-term efficacy of the Metrix IAD for AF detection and R-wave synchronization was tested in 51 patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 259+/-138 days (72 to 613 days). AF detection tests were performed 2240 times during observed operation with 100% specificity and 92.3% sensitivity for differentiation between sinus rhythm and AF; 2219 episodes and their electrograms stored in the device during AF detection were analyzed. The positive predictive value of the AF detection algorithm was 97.4% (lower 95% confidence limit [CL], 94.5%) in the out-of-hospital setting. A total of 242 435 R waves were analyzed for R-wave synchronization. Of these, 49% were marked for synchronized shock delivery, 82% of sinus rhythm and 36% of AF R waves, respectively. All shock markers were properly synchronized and within the R wave (overall synchronization accuracy, 100%; lower 95% CL, 99.999%). Overall, 3719 shocks have been delivered via the IAD with no instance of unsynchronized shock delivery or any episode of proarrhythmia. The observed proarrhythmic risk was 0%, with an estimated maximum proarrhythmic risk of 0.084% per shock (95% upper CL).


CONCLUSIONS
The Metrix IAD can appropriately detect AF with a high specificity and sensitivity and reliably synchronize within a suitable R wave for shock delivery to minimize the risk of ventricular proarrhythmia.