LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical surface with variable fluid properties

In this paper we present numerical solutions to the unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical stretching surface with variable transport properties and thermal radiation. Both assisting and opposing buoyant flow situations are considered. Using a similarity transformation, the governing time-dependent partial differential equations are first transformed into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Numerical solutions to these equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions are obtained by a second order finite difference scheme known as the Keller-Box method. The numerical results thus obtained are analyzed for the effects of the pertinent parameters namely, the unsteady parameter, the free convection parameter, the suction/injection parameter, the Prandtl number, the thermal conductivity parameter and the thermal radiation parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is worth mentioning that themomentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses decrease with an increase in the unsteady parameter. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Family medicine residents' and community physicians' concerns about patient truthfulness.

PURPOSE
To assess how often family physicians question patient truthfulness, what factors influence them to do so, and how often resident physicians experience such doubts as compared with senior physicians.


METHOD
In 1994-95, after half-day patient care sessions, 44 residents from the University of Kansas School of Medicine's three Wichita family practice residency programs and nine community family physicians associated with the programs recorded their impressions of each patient's truthfulness, what issues prompted concern about patient truthfulness, and their feelings about each encounter.


RESULTS
The residents doubted patients in 54 of 277 encounters (19.5%); the senior physicians doubted patients in 16 of 183 encounters (8.7%) (p = .003). Both groups had more negative than positive emotions toward such encounters, with no significant difference in feelings. The demographics of the resident and senior physician populations differed greatly.


CONCLUSION
Although preliminary, the present study suggests that family physicians question patient truthfulness fairly often, resident physicians more than senior physicians, and that these physicians have some negative feelings toward such situations. Because such feelings may contribute to inadequate patient care, the authors recommend that further research is warranted to understand contributing factors and to guide the development of resident and student education programs in this neglected area of the doctor-patient relationship.
Effects of esomeprazole treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease on quality of life in 12- to 17-year-old adolescents: an international health outcomes study

BACKGROUND
Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in adolescents, the burden of GERD on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents has not been previously evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of GERD on HRQOL in adolescents.


METHODS
This international, 31-site, 8-week safety study randomized adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years inclusive, with GERD to receive esomeprazole 20 or 40 mg once daily. The Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD), previously validated in adults, consists of 25 questions grouped into 5 domains: emotional distress, sleep disturbance, food/drink problems, physical/social functioning, and vitality. The QOLRAD was administered at the baseline and week-8 (final) visits.


RESULTS
Of the 149 patients randomized, 134 completed the QOLRAD at baseline and final visits and were eligible for analysis of their HRQOL data. Baseline QOLRAD scores indicated GERD had a negative effect on the HRQOL of these adolescents, especially in the domains of vitality and emotional distress, and problems with food/drink. At the final visit, mean scores for all 5 QOLRAD domains improved significantly (P < .0001); change of scores (ie, delta) for all domains met or exceeded the adult QOLRAD minimal clinically significant difference standard of 0.5 units.


CONCLUSION
GERD had a negative effect on QOL in adolescents. After esomeprazole treatment, statistically and clinically significant improvements occurred in all domains of the QOLRAD for these adolescents.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
D9614C00098; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00241501.
Is cost-effectiveness analysis preferred to severity of disease as the main guiding principle in priority setting in resource poor settings? The case of Uganda

INTRODUCTION: Several studies carried out to establish the relative preference of cost-effectiveness of interventions and severity of disease as criteria for priority setting in health have shown a strong preference for severity of disease. These preferences may differ in contexts of resource scarcity, as in developing countries, yet information is limited on such preferences in this context. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to identify the key players in priority setting in health and explore their relative preference regarding cost-effectiveness of interventions and severity of disease as criteria for setting priorities in Uganda. DESIGN: 610 self-administered questionnaires were sent to respondents at national, district, health sub-district and facility levels. Respondents included mainly health workers. We used three different simulations, assuming same patient characteristics and same treatment outcome but with varying either severity of disease or cost-effectiveness of treatment, to explore respondents' preferences regarding cost-effectiveness and severity. RESULTS: Actual main actors were identified to be health workers, development partners or donors and politicians. This was different from what respondents perceived as ideal. Above 90% of the respondents recognised the importance of both severity of disease and cost-effectiveness of intervention. In the three scenarios where they were made to choose between the two, a majority of the survey respondents assigned highest weight to treating the most severely ill patient with a less cost-effective intervention compared to the one with a more cost-effective intervention for a less severely ill patient. However, international development partners in in-depth interviews preferred the consideration of cost-effectiveness of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In a survey among health workers and other actors in priority setting in Uganda, we found that donors are considered to have more say than the survey respondents found ideal. Survey respondents considered both severity of disease and cost-effectiveness important criteria for setting priorities, with severity of disease as the leading principle. This pattern of preferences is similar to findings in context with relatively more resources. In-depth interviews with international development partners, showed that this group put relatively more emphasis on cost-effectiveness of interventions compared to severity of disease. These discrepancies in attitudes between national health workers and representatives from the donors require more investigation. The different attitudes should be openly debated to ensure legitimate decisions.
R&D, innovation, and growth: evidence from four manufacturing sectors in OECD countries

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between R&D intensity, rate of innovation and the growth rate of output in four manufacturing sectors from 17 OECD countries. The findings suggest that the knowledge stock is the main determinant of innovation in all four manufacturing sectors and that R&D intensity increases innovation in the chemicals and the electrical and electronics sector. In addition, the rate of innovation has a positive effect on the growth rate of output in all sectors except for the drugs and medical sector. These results lend strong support for the non-scale endogenous growth models.
Improved fibrosis staging by elastometry and blood test in chronic hepatitis C.

AIMS
Our main objective was to improve non-invasive fibrosis staging accuracy by resolving the limits of previous methods via new test combinations. Our secondary objectives were to improve staging precision, by developing a detailed fibrosis classification, and reliability (personalized accuracy) determination.


METHODS
All patients (729) included in the derivation population had chronic hepatitis C, liver biopsy, 6 blood tests and Fibroscan. Validation populations included 1584 patients.


RESULTS
The most accurate combination was provided by using most markers of FibroMeter and Fibroscan results targeted for significant fibrosis, i.e. 'E-FibroMeter'. Its classification accuracy (91.7%) and precision (assessed by F difference with Metavir: 0.62 ± 0.57) were better than those of FibroMeter (84.1%, P < 0.001; 0.72 ± 0.57, P < 0.001), Fibroscan (88.2%, P = 0.011; 0.68 ± 0.57, P = 0.020), and a previous CSF-SF classification of FibroMeter + Fibroscan (86.7%, P < 0.001; 0.65 ± 0.57, P = 0.044). The accuracy for fibrosis absence (F0) was increased, e.g. from 16.0% with Fibroscan to 75.0% with E-FibroMeter (P < 0.001). Cirrhosis sensitivity was improved, e.g. E-FibroMeter: 92.7% vs. Fibroscan: 83.3%, P = 0.004. The combination improved reliability by deleting unreliable results (accuracy <50%) observed with a single test (1.2% of patients) and increasing optimal reliability (accuracy ≥85%) from 80.4% of patients with Fibroscan (accuracy: 90.9%) to 94.2% of patients with E-FibroMeter (accuracy: 92.9%), P < 0.001. The patient rate with 100% predictive values for cirrhosis by the best combination was twice (36.2%) that of the best single test (FibroMeter: 16.2%, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
The new test combination increased: accuracy, globally and especially in patients without fibrosis, staging precision, cirrhosis prediction, and even reliability, thus offering improved fibrosis staging.
Real-time wireless vibration monitoring for operational modal analysis of an integral abutment highway bridge

Remote structural health monitoring systems employing a sensor-based quantitative assessment of in-service demands and structural condition are perceived as the future in long-term bridge management programs. However, the data analysis techniques and, in particular, the technology conceived years ago that are necessary for accurately and efficiently extracting condition assessment measures from highway infrastructure have just recently begun maturation. In this study, a large-scale wireless sensor network is deployed for ambient vibration testing of a single span integral abutment bridge to derive in-service modal parameters. Dynamic behavior of the structure from ambient and traffic loads was measured with accelerometers for experimental determination of the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of the bridge. Real-time data collection from a 40-channel single network operating with a sampling rate of 128Hz per sensor was achieved with essentially lossless data transmission. Successful acquisition of high-rate, lossless data on the highway bridge validates the proprietary wireless network protocol within an actual service environment. Operational modal analysis is performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the acquisition hardware with additional correlation of the derived modal parameters to a Finite Element Analysis of a model developed using as-built drawings to check plausibility of the mode shapes. Results from this testing demonstrate that wireless sensor technology has matured to the degree that modal analysis of large civil structures with a distributed network is a currently feasible and a comparable alternative to cable-based measurement approaches.
The influence of business strategy on project portfolio management and its success — A conceptual framework

Firms are facing more difficulties with the implementation of strategies than with its formulation. Therefore, this paper examines the linkage between business strategy, project portfolio management, and business success to close the gap between strategy formulation and implementation. Earlier research has found some supporting evidence of a positive relationship between isolated concepts, but so far there is no coherent and integral framework covering the whole cycle from strategy to success. Therefore, the existing research on project portfolio management is extended by the concept of strategic orientation. Based on a literature review, a comprehensive conceptual model considering strategic orientation, project portfolio structuring, project portfolio success, and business success is developed. This model can be used for future empirical research on the influence of strategy on project portfolio management and its success. Furthermore, it can easily be extended e.g. by contextual factors. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. and IPMA. All rights reserved.
Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE
There has been uncertainty about whether refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD can be treated effectively in standard psychiatric settings in industrialized countries. In this study, Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) was compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU) in 11 general psychiatric health care units in Norway. The focus was on changes in symptom severity and in the diagnostic status for PTSD and depression.


METHOD
Refugees and asylum seekers fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD (N = 81) were randomized with an a-priori probability of 2:1 to either NET (N = 51) or TAU (N = 30). The patients were assessed with Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton rating scale for depression and the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview before treatment, and again at one and six months after the completion.


RESULTS
Both NET and TAU gave clinically relevant symptom reduction both in PTSD and in depression. NET gave significantly more symptom reduction compared to TAU as well as significantly more reduction in participants with PTSD diagnoses. No difference in treatment efficacy was found between refugees and asylum seekers.


CONCLUSIONS
The study indicated that refugees and asylum seekers can be treated successfully for PTSD and depression in the general psychiatric health care system; NET appeared to be a promising treatment for both groups.
Review of "Reasoning about Uncertainty by Joseph Y. Halpern." The MIT Press, 2003

Dealing with uncertain and imprecise information has been one of the major issues in almost all intelligent systems. Uncertainty is a fundamental and unavoidable feature of our daily life. It arises because agents almost never have access to the whole truth about their environment. It can also occur when the agents have incomplete and/or incorrect information about the properties of their environment.
Around-the-clock, controlled-release oxycodone therapy for osteoarthritis-related pain: placebo-controlled trial and long-term evaluation.

BACKGROUND
Although opioid analgesics have well-defined efficacy and safety in treatment of chronic cancer pain, further research is needed to define their role in treatment of chronic noncancer pain.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of controlled-release oxycodone (OxyContin tablets) treatment on pain and function and its safety vs placebo and in long-term use in patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain.


METHODS
One hundred thirty-three patients experiencing persistent osteoarthritis-related pain for at least 1 month were randomized to double-blind treatment with placebo (n = 45) or 10 mg (n = 44) or 20 mg (n = 44) of controlled-release oxycodone every 12 hours for 14 days. One hundred six patients enrolled in an open-label, 6-month extension trial; treatment for an additional 12 months was optional.


RESULTS
Use of controlled-release oxycodone, 20 mg, was superior (P<.05) to placebo in reducing pain intensity and the interference of pain with mood, sleep, and enjoyment of life. During long-term treatment, the mean dose remained stable at approximately 40 mg/d after titration, and pain intensity was stable. Fifty-eight patients completed 6 months of treatment, 41 completed 12 months, and 15 completed 18 months. Common opioid side effects were reported, several of which decreased in duration as therapy continued.


CONCLUSIONS
Around-the-clock controlled-release oxycodone therapy seemed to be effective and safe for patients with chronic, moderate to severe, osteo-arthritis-related pain. Effective analgesia was accompanied by a reduction in the interference of pain with mood, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Analgesia was maintained during long-term treatment, and the daily dose remained stable after titration. Typical opioid side effects were reported during short- and long-term therapy.
Regular Model Checking Made Simple and Efficient

We present a new technique for computing the transitive closure of a regular relation characterized by a finite-state transducer. The construction starts from the original transducer, and repeatedly adds new transitions which are compositions of currently existing transitions. Furthermore, we define an equivalence relation which we use to merge states of the transducer during the construction. The equivalence relation can be determined by a simple local check, since it is syntactically characterized in terms of “columns” that label constructed states. This makes our algorithm both simpler to present and more efficient to implement, compared to existing approaches. We have implemented a prototype and carried out verification of a number of parameterized protocols.
What I talk about when I talk about Global Law

In this contribution I attempt to sketch what I mean when I talk about ‘global law’, finishing up with a brief consideration of what I think our responsibilities are, as legal scholars, when we engage in such talk.
Vitamin-mineral treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
The role of nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is gaining international attention; however, treatments have generally focused only on diet restriction or supplementing with one nutrient at a time.


AIMS
To investigate the efficacy and safety of a broad-based micronutrient formula consisting mainly of vitamins and minerals, without omega fatty acids, in the treatment of ADHD in adults.


METHOD
This double-blind randomised controlled trial assigned 80 adults with ADHD in a 1:1 ratio to either micronutrients (n = 42) or placebo (n = 38) for 8 weeks (trial registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12609000308291).


RESULTS
Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant between-group differences favouring active treatment on self- and observer- but not clinician-ADHD rating scales. However, clinicians rated those receiving micronutrients as more improved than those on placebo both globally and on ADHD symptoms. Post hoc analyses showed that for those with moderate/severe depression at baseline, there was a greater change in mood favouring active treatment over placebo. There were no group differences in adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides preliminary evidence of efficacy for micronutrients in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in adults, with a reassuring safety profile.
Loan Sales and Relationship Banking

Firms raise money from banks and the bond market. Banks sell loans in a secondary market to recycle their funds or to trade on private information. Liquidity in the loan market depends on the relative likelihood of each motive for trade and affects firms’ optimal financial structure. The endogenous degree of liquidity is not always socially optimal: There is excessive trade in highly rated names, and insufficient liquidity in riskier bonds. We provide testable implications for prices and quantities in primary and secondary loan markets, and bond markets. Further, we posit that risk-based capital requirements may be socially desirable. THE TERM “COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS” (CLOs) was coined in 1989, when corporate loans were first used as collateral in Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs).1 Since then, the growth in loan sales has been enormous. According to Lucas et al. (2006), $1.1 trillion of CDOs were outstanding as of 2005, and 50% of their collateral was comprised of loans. In addition to pooled securities, banks also trade first loss positions on single names through direct sales of individual loans. In the United States, loan sales have grown from $8 billion in 1991 to $154.8 billion by 2004.2 If a bank securitizes or sells a loan that it originated, it is buying insurance on credit events over which it has either more control or more information than the buyer. In the face of this informational friction, why did the secondary market for corporate loans develop in the 1990s? What effect has this had on relationship banking? In this paper, we characterize when a liquid secondary market for loans arises, when a liquid secondary loan market is socially desirable, and we provide testable predictions on the effect of the emergence of this market on prices and quantities in bond and primary loan markets. Our predictions are based on both changes in the parameters that lead to higher loan liquidity and changes in the contracts that are written between banks and firms given this higher liquidity. ∗Parlour is from the Haas School, UC Berkeley, and Plantin is from the London Business School. We have benefitted from helpful comments by Viral Acharya, Doug Diamond, Denis Gromb, Rupert Cox, Martin Ruckes, an anonymous referee, and the editor Rob Stambaugh. In addition, we thank seminar participants at Baruch, IHS (Vienna), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Center for Financial Studies Credit Risk Conference (Frankfurt), the London School of Economics, Yale, Stanford, the Western Finance Association, Berkeley, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. A previous version of this paper was entitled “Credit Risk Transfer.” 1 This is reported in Lucas, Goodman, and Fabozzi (2006). 2 This figure is reported in Drucker and Puri (2006).
Three-Dimensional Urban EM Wave Propagation Model for Radio Network Planning and Optimization Over Large Areas

A new 3D urban electromagnetic wave propagation model is presented. It provides fast 3D deterministic predictions in urban radio configurations and over large areas. The various techniques to make it suitable to the network planning and optimization of large wireless networks are described. The resulting radio propagation maps exhibit seamless coverage between the various environments (dense urban, urban, and suburban). The model efficiently addresses all types of outdoor transmitter configurations (macrocells, minicells, microcells, and picocells) and all types of receiver locations (at ground level, over the rooftop, and at high building floors). It predicts the field strength as well as the dominant specular contributions of the impulse responses to build ray spectra (including delays and angles). Thus, the model may also be used to estimate the performances of new radio systems [diversity and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)]. The narrowband power prediction of the model is evaluated by comparison with microcell measurements. The evaluation stresses the advantage of 3D modeling compared with the vertical-plane approach or 2D ray tracing. Finally, the ability of the model to simulate radio wideband characteristics in a complex environment is demonstrated by comparing delay-spread estimates to measurements collected from a high-macrocell transmitter in a hilly city and to arrival angles collected in a suburban macrocell area.