LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Functional impairments at school age of preterm born children with late-onset sepsis.

BACKGROUND
Late-onset sepsis is a relatively common complication particularly of preterm birth that affects approximately a quarter of very low birth weight infants.


AIM
We aimed to determine the motor, cognitive, and behavioural outcome at school age of preterm children with late-onset sepsis compared to matched controls.


STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS
A prospective case-control study that included preterm infants (gestational age<32weeks and/or birth weight<1500g) admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in 2000-2001 with a culture-proven late-onset sepsis, and controls matched for gestational age.


OUTCOME MEASURES
At school age we assessed motor skills, intelligence, visual perception, visuomotor integration, verbal memory, attention, executive functioning, and behaviour.


RESULTS
At 6-9years, 21 of 32 children with late-onset sepsis (68%) had borderline or abnormal motor outcome with most problems in fine motor skills. Their total IQ was 89 compared to 98 in controls. In addition, verbal memory and attention were affected compared to controls (0.61 standard deviations (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-1.17, p=0.033 and 0.94 SD, 95% CI 0.32-1.62, p=0.011, respectively). Multiple episodes of sepsis and gram-negative sepsis were risk factors for worse cognitive outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
At school age, a majority of preterm children with late-onset sepsis had motor problems. Their IQ was considerably lower than matched controls, and memory and attention were specifically impaired. Outcome at school age of preterm children with late-onset sepsis was worse than previously thought.
Anti-inflammatory properties of BHUx, a polyherbal formulation to prevent atherosclerosis

BHUx is a polyherbal formulation consisting of water-soluble fractions of five medicinal plants (Commiphora mukul, Terminalia arjuna, Boswellia serrata, Semecarpus anacardium and Strychnos nux vomica). The present study was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. BHUx, standardized by HPLC fingerprinting and filtered through 0.2 μm filter paper, was employed for different studies under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, BHUx significantly reduced inflammation in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model of inflammation, suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties. In order to test the mechanism of action of BHUx, further in vitro studies were undertaken on cumene-hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation (CHP) in liver homogenate, LPS-induced NO production in peritoneal macrophages and on key enzymes of arachidonic acid cascade, involved in the mediation of inflammation. Under the conditions, BHUx showed concentration-dependent inhibition of CHP-induced lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate, suggesting its antioxidant properties. Similarly the potent anti-inflammatory effects of BHUx are evident by (a) preferential inhibition of COX-2 (IC50 for COX-2 = 80 μg/ml and IC50 for COX-1 = 169 μg/ml), (b) low ratios in the IC50 values of COX-2/COX-1 (0.47), (c) decreased production of NO in LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages and (d) inhibition of 5-LOX (IC50 = 795 μg/ml). BHUx also showed a preference for inhibiting 15-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 44 μg/ml), a key enzyme implicated in LDL oxidation. These studies suggest that BHUx is acting mainly at three levels, i.e., as a potent natural antioxidant, by reduction of key inflammatory mediators of arachidonic acid cascade and by preventing 15-LOX-mediated LDL oxidations, to prevent atherosclerosis.
Leftover prescription opioids and nonmedical use among high school seniors: a multi-cohort national study.

PURPOSE
To (1) estimate the proportion of nonmedical users of prescription opioids (i.e., used prescription opioids in the past year without a doctor's orders) who used leftover medications from their own previous prescriptions; (2) assess substance use behaviors as a function of diversion source; and (3) identify the sources for these prescribed opioids.


METHODS
We analyzed data collected via self-administered questionnaires from nationally representative samples of high school seniors (modal age, 18 years) as a part of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. The sample consisted of four cohorts (senior years of 2007-2010, n = 8,888), including 647 high school seniors who reported past-year nonmedical use of prescription opioids, of whom 53% were estimated to be women.


RESULTS
An estimated 36.9% of past-year nonmedical users of prescription opioids obtained these opioid medications from their own previous prescriptions. Logistic regression analyses indicated that nonmedical users who used leftover medications from their previous prescriptions were primarily motivated to relieve physical pain, whereas nonmedical users who obtained medications from other sources had significantly higher odds of prescription opioid abuse and other substance use behaviors. Based on a subanalysis of nonmedical users who obtained prescription opioids from their previous prescriptions in 2010 (n = 51), approximately 27.1% obtained them from a dentist, 45.0% obtained them from an emergency room physician, and 38.3% obtained them from another physician.


CONCLUSIONS
Leftover prescription opioids from previous prescriptions represent a major source of nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors. These findings indicate that enhanced vigilance is needed when prescribing and monitoring prescription opioids among adolescents, to reduce leftover medications and nonmedical use.
Trends in computer science research

Keywords in the ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore digital library and in NSF grants anticipate future CS research.
Monitoring of the central pulse pressure is useful for detecting cardiac overload during antiadrenergic treatment: the Japan Morning Surge 1 study.

OBJECTIVE
Lowering of the central pulse pressure (PP) has been shown to contribute to an improvement of the cardiac damage beyond that of lowering the brachial PP. We assessed the hypothesis that the change in the central PP is more useful than that in the brachial PP in the assessment of the change in cardiac load.


METHODS
We studied 434 treated hypertensive patients whose home systolic blood pressure was 135 mmHg or higher. They were followed for 6 months after allocation to either a control group or an added treatment group (doxazosin 1-4 mg and atenolol when needed). We measured the brachial and central (carotid) blood pressure simultaneously using a validated device, and the B-type natriuretic peptide at baseline and at the sixth month of treatment.


RESULTS
In the added treatment group, the brachial systolic blood pressure was successfully reduced, but the central PP increased significantly, whereas the other blood pressure parameters did not change from the baseline. In the added treatment group, the change in the B-type natriuretic peptide was significantly correlated with the change in the brachial PP (r = 0.18), central systolic blood pressure (r = 0.18), central PP (r = 0.26), and PP amplification (r = -0.22) even after adjusting for the confounding factors. The correlation with the central PP was stronger than with the brachial PP (P = 0.018) or central systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002), and these relationships were essentially the same even after adjustment for the use of atenolol or the change in heart rate.


CONCLUSION
This study showed that the central PP measurement may be more important to assess cardiac load than the brachial PP during antiadrenergic treatment.
On Free Deformations of the Braid Arrangement

There has been considerable interest in the past in analyzing specific families of hyperplane arrangements from the perspective of freeness. Examples of such families have primarily included classes of subarrangements of Coxeter arrangements. The subarrangements of the braid arrangement An, the Weyl arrangement of type An−1, are known as the graphical arrangements. They correspond naturally to graphs on n vertices. It follows mainly from the work of Stanley [14] and is recorded in [5, §3] that free graphical arrangements correspond to chordal graphs. Certain classes of arrangements between the root systems An−1 and Bn were studied by Józefiak and Sagan [9]. These arrangements can also be related to graphs. Edelman and Reiner [5] gave a complete classification of the free arrangements in this case and showed that they correspond to threshold graphs. In a more recent work [6] these authors classified free arrangements which arise as discriminantal arrangements of two-dimensional zonotopes with integer side lengths. We will be concerned with deformations of An. The combinatorics of such arrangements was first studied in a systematic way by Stanley and collaborators [15]. They are the affine arrangements which have each of their hyperplanes parallel to one of the hyperplanes xi −xj = 0 of An. A central role in what follows will be played by the Shi arrangement of type An−1, introduced by J.-Y. Shi in [13]. It is the arrangement of affine hyperplanes in Rn of the form
Do long-term hospitalised patients benefit from discharge into the community?

Objective The study investigated whether long-stay patients would benefit from discharge into the community in Berlin, Germany. Method In a prospective controlled study, all long-term hospitalised psychiatric patients from a defined catchment area were assessed using established standardised instruments. Quality of life, treatment satisfaction, needs and psychopathology were re-assessed in 63 non-discharged patients 1.5 years later, and in 65 resettled patients 1 year after discharge. Results Discharged patients were younger and had spent less time in psychiatric hospitalisation. Whilst patients who remained in hospital care did not show significant changes over time, discharged patients did. Changes in subjective quality of life and total number of needs – but not in psychopathology, unmet needs, and treatment satisfaction – were significantly more favourable in resettled patients as compared to the control group. Conclusion The findings are in line with other studies and suggest that long-stay patients can benefit from discharge into the community, particularly with respect to their quality of life. Positive changes in the process of deinstitutionalisation seem not dependent on the specific national context, and also apply to younger patients who have not yet spent 10 or more years in psychiatric hospitals.
Maximum likelihood approach to joint array detection/estimation

The problem of detecting the number of (possibly correlated) narrowband sources of energy and estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of each detected source using data received by an array of sensors is investigated. A combined detection and estimation approach based on the likelihood function (LF) is used. The approach is motivated by detection theoretic considerations instead of information theoretic criteria and uses maximum likelihood (ML) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates of hypothesized sources as detection statistics rather than maximizing the LF with a penalty function. Performance comparisons are made to unstructured and structured techniques based on Akaike information theoretic criteria (AIC), minimum description length (MDL), and Bayesian predictive density (BPD) approaches as well as the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) approach. An important feature that distinguishes this approach is the ability to trade off detection and false alarm performance, which is not possible with the other LF-based approaches, while achieving performance levels comparable to or exceeding the LF-based and MVDR approaches.
Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy for recovery of self-esteem on community-living individuals with mental illness: Non-randomized controlled trial.

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine over a 12-month post-intervention period whether the participation of community-living individuals with mental illness in cognitive behavioral group therapy for recovery of self-esteem (CBGTRS) resulted in improved outcomes.


METHODS
This was a non-randomized controlled trial. The participants were persons with mental illness who resided in communities in the Chugoku region of Japan. In total, 41 were assigned to an experimental group (CBGTRS intervention, 12 group sessions), and 21 to a control group. Outcome indices (self-esteem, moods, cognition, subjective well-being, psychiatric symptoms) were measured for the experimental group prior to intervention (T0), immediately post-intervention (T1), and at 3 (T2) and 12 (T3) months post-intervention. The control group was measured at the same intervals.


RESULTS
For the experimental group, self-esteem scores at T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than at T0. Moods and cognition scores remained significantly low until T2. Scores for Inadequate Mental Mastery in the subjective well-being index had not decreased by T3. Confidence in Coping remained significantly high until T2. Psychiatric symptoms scores at T0, T1, T2, and T3 were significantly lower than at T0. The means and standard errors for self-esteem and Inadequate Mental Mastery increased until T3, and those for Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, and Confusion decreased until T2.


CONCLUSION
From within-group trends and between-group differences in self-esteem, we conclude that CBGTRS may have a relatively long-term effect on self-esteem recovery. T2 is the turning point for moods and cognition; thus, follow-up is needed 3 months following the initial program.
ESR and ESL of ceramic capacitor applied to decoupling applications

Power distribution system noise affects computer product timing performance, signal integrity and electromagnetic interference. Between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the primary means of reducing power distribution noise is with ceramic decoupling capacitors. To achieve a certain target impedance, it is important to characterize the ESR of ceramic decoupling capacitors as they directly determine the number of capacitors required on a board. A new technique to extract ESR is described in this paper. Another factor which determines the capacitance value of decoupling capacitors is the ESL (inductance) associated with capacitors mounted on a PCB. A study that compares the ESL of different pad layout geometries will also be presented.
Effects of ghrelin administration after total gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Body weight (BW) loss and reduction of blood ghrelin level are commonly observed after total gastrectomy (TG). A prospective study was designed to elucidate whether exogenous ghrelin administration prevents postoperative BW loss by improving appetite and oral food intake in patients with gastric cancer after undergoing TG.


METHODS
In this randomized phase II study, 21 patients undergoing TG were assigned to a ghrelin (11 patients) or placebo group (10 patients). They received intravenous infusion of synthetic human ghrelin (3 microg/kg) or saline twice daily for 10 days after starting oral food intake following surgery. Changes in BW, appetite visual analog scale score, food intake calories, body composition, basal metabolic rate, and various blood test results were evaluated.


RESULTS
Excluding one patient who developed profound diaphoresis during ghrelin infusion, 20 patients completed the study. Food intake and appetite were significantly higher with ghrelin compared with placebo (average, 13.8 vs 10.4 kcal/kg/day [P = .030] and 5.7 vs 3.9 cm [P = .032], respectively). BW loss was significantly lower in the ghrelin than in the placebo group (-1.4% vs -3.7%; P = .044). Fat mass, lean body mass, and basal metabolic rate decreased significantly in the placebo group; however, the reductions in lean body mass and basal metabolic rate were not significant in the ghrelin group, although that of fat mass was significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term administration of synthetic ghrelin was safe and successfully lessened postoperative BW loss and improved appetite and food intake after TG.
[Randomized and controlled study on effect of acupuncture on sleep quality in the patient of primary insomnia].

OBJECTIVE
To observe characteristics of acupuncture in improvement of sleep quality in the patient of insomnia.


METHODS
Forty-six cases of primary insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 24) and a control group (n = 22). The observation group were treated by the needling method for regulating mental activity, with Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Shenmen (HT 7) selected as main points; the control group were treated with oral administration of Estazolam. The therapeutic effects and scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.


RESULTS
The total effective rate was 83.3% in the observation group and 72.7% in the control group, the observation group being better than the control group (P < 0.05). Estazolam was better than acupuncture treatment in prolonging sleeping time, and the acupuncture treatment was better than the control group in the improvement of somnipathy and the increase of daytime functional state (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Acupuncture treatment has advantages of improving somnipathy and increasing daytime functional state.
Dentoskeletal and soft-tissue changes with cervical headgear and mandibular protraction appliance therapy in the treatment of Class II malocclusions.

INTRODUCTION
In this study, we cephalometrically compared changes in the dentoskeletal and soft tissues after orthodontic treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusions between the cervical headgear (CHG) and the mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) followed by fixed appliances.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 50 patients divided into 2 groups of 25 patients each (13 male, 12 female). Group 1 patients were treated with CHG and fixed appliance, and group 2 patients were treated with the MPA and fixed appliances. The patients were matched according to sex, age, treatment time, and initial cephalometric variables. The groups were compared regarding pretreatment stage and treatment changes, with t tests, at P <.05.


RESULTS
The CHG group showed statistically greater restriction of the anterior displacement of the maxilla, improvement of the skeletal Class II relationship, decreased facial convexity, extrusion and distalization of the maxillary first molar, and extrusion of the mandibular incisors. The MPA group had statistically greater increases in maxillary length, mandibular protrusion, maxillary incisor retrusion, mesial displacement of the mandibular first molars, and protrusion of the lower lip.


CONCLUSIONS
The changes in Class II malocclusion correction between the CHG and the MPA were that the CHG corrected the Class II malocclusion primarily through greater action on the maxillary skeletal and dentoalveolar structures as compared with the MPA, which corrected the malocclusion through greater action on the mandibular dentoalveolar structures.
Efficient reverse k-nearest neighbor search in arbitrary metric spaces

The reverse k-nearest neighbor (RkNN) problem, i.e. finding all objects in a data set the k-nearest neighbors of which include a specified query object, is a generalization of the reverse 1-nearest neighbor problem which has received increasing attention recently. Many industrial and scientific applications call for solutions of the RkNN problem in arbitrary metric spaces where the data objects are not Euclidean and only a metric distance function is given for specifying object similarity. Usually, these applications need a solution for the generalized problem where the value of k is not known in advance and may change from query to query. However, existing approaches, except one, are designed for the specific R1NN problem. In addition - to the best of our knowledge - all previously proposed methods, especially the one for generalized RkNN search, are only applicable to Euclidean vector data but not for general metric objects. In this paper, we propose the first approach for efficient RkNN search in arbitrary metric spaces where the value of k is specified at query time. Our approach uses the advantages of existing metric index structures but proposes to use conservative and progressive distance approximations in order to filter out true drops and true hits. In particular, we approximate the k-nearest neighbor distance for each data object by upper and lower bounds using two functions of only two parameters each. Thus, our method does not generate any considerable storage overhead. We show in a broad experimental evaluation on real-world data the scalability and the usability of our novel approach.
A GENERATIVE MODELING APPROACH TO ENGINEERING DESIGN

This paper describes an approach at Volvo Aero to systematically develop and use design and evaluation support systems, using Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) generative modeling techniques. Product and process knowledge derived from product strategies and experiences from previous design projects have to be organised into a successful generative model. These generative models support both the synthesis stages of design and the analysis stages, allowing design alternatives to be compared with each other. The designs are described in product models with a full 3D solid and shell representation, together with material and manufacturing information. The organisation of these models uses ideas from well-known theories in engineering design to meet the requirement of flexibility in updating and reorganisation of the generative models. An example of how these generative design and evaluation systems have been used for a jet engine component conceptual design study is presented. The lead-time for a design and evaluation loop was shortened by more than 90%, which allowed multiple candidates to be evaluated and presented at the design review following the design study. The design study also required updating of the design system, which was included in the lead time for design. Generative Modeling, Engineering Design, Aircraft Engine, Methodology, Knowledge Based Engineering
Compositional Sequence Labeling Models for Error Detection in Learner Writing

The task: Detect errors in learner writing (spelling, grammar, word usage, etc). Examples: I want to travel on July and because of it is more suitable for me. We don’t need to wear clothes like layer and layer. The restaurant was closed because unknown reasons. Applications: • Immediate feedback in self-tutoring systems for language learning. •Automated exam grading for language testing. •Providing language checking in general writing applications.
A combination of vision- and vibration-based terrain classification

For safe navigation in outdoor environments, a mobile robot should be able to estimate the type of the current and forthcoming terrain. Based on this estimation, the robot can decide if the terrain is safe and may be traversed securely, or if the terrain is potentially dangerous and must be avoided or traversed carefully. This paper presents a terrain classification approach which fuses terrain predictions based on image data with predictions made by a vibration-based method. Using color images, the robot classifies terrain in front of it. When the robot later traverses the classified area, it uses vibration data to verify its former prediction. Our experiments on 14 different terrain types show that by fusing both predictions, the classification rates are significantly larger than predictions based on data from a single sensor alone.