LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Invention of the modern republic

List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: the invention of the modern republic Biancamaria Fontana 1. Ancient and modern republicanism: 'mixed constitution' and 'ephors' Wilfried Nippel 2. Checks, balances and boundaries: the separation of powers in the constitutional debate of 1787 Bernard Manin 3. From Utopia to repulicanism: the case of Diderot Gerolamo Imbruglia 4. Cordeliers and Girondins: the prehistory of the republic? Patrice Gueniffey 5. The constitutional republicanism of Emmanuel Sieyes Pasquale Pasquino 6. The Thermidorian republic and its principles Biancamaria Fontana 7. Francesco Mario Pagano's 'Republic of Virtue': Naples 1799 Anthony Pagden 8. Kant, the French revolution and the definition of the republic Gareth Stedman Jones 9. French historians and the reconstruction of the republican tradition, 1800-1848 Francois Furet 10. The republic of universal suffrage Pierre Rosanvallon 11. The identity of the bourgeois liberal republic John Dunn Bibliography Index.
Simplified ink spreading equations for CMYK halftone prints

The Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model enables predicting reflectance spectra from surface coverages. In order to provide high prediction accuracy, this model is enhanced with an ink spreading model accounting for physical dot gain. Traditionally, physical dot gain, also called mechanical dot gain, is modeled by one ink spreading curve per ink. An ink spreading curve represents the mapping between nominal to effective dot surface coverages when an ink halftone wedge is printed. In previous publications, we have shown that using one ink spreading curve per ink is not sufficient to accurately model physical dot gain, and that the physical dot gain of a specific ink is modified by the presence of other inks. We therefore proposed an ink spreading model taking all the ink superposition conditions into account. We now show that not all superposition conditions are useful and necessary when working with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks. We therefore study the influence of ink spreading in different superposition conditions on the accuracy of the spectral prediction model. Finally, we propose new, simplified ink spreading equations that better suit CMYK prints and are more resilient to noise.
Effects of prenatal music stimulation on fetal cardiac state, newborn anthropometric measurements and vital signs of pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Music has been used for medicinal purposes throughout history due to its variety of physiological, psychological and social effects.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the effects of prenatal music stimulation on the vital signs of pregnant women at full term, on the modification of fetal cardiac status during a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph, and on anthropometric measurements of newborns taken after birth.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
A randomized controlled trial was implemented. The four hundred and nine pregnant women coming for routine prenatal care were randomized in the third trimester to receive either music (n = 204) or no music (n = 205) during a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph. All of the pregnant women were evaluated by measuring fetal cardiac status (basal fetal heart rate and fetal reactivity), vital signs before and after a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph (maternal heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and anthropometric measurements of the newborns were taken after birth (weight, height, head circumference and chest circumference).


RESULTS
The strip charts showed a significantly increased basal fetal heart rate and higher fetal reactivity, with accelerations of fetal heart rate in pregnant women with music stimulation. After the fetal monitoring cardiotocograph, a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in women receiving music stimulation was observed.


CONCLUSION
Music can be used as a tool which improves the vital signs of pregnant women during the third trimester, and can influence the fetus by increasing fetal heart rate and fetal reactivity.
Clinical feasibility of the Nintendo Wii™ for balance training post-stroke: a phase II randomized controlled trial in an inpatient setting.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of the Nintendo Wii™ for balance rehabilitation after stroke.


DESIGN
Phase II, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
Inpatient rehabilitation facility.


SUBJECTS
Thirty adults (mean age 63.6 (14.7) years) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation who were less than three months post-stroke and able to stand unsupported.


INTERVENTIONS
Participants were allocated to a Balance Group, using the 'Wii Fit Plus' in standing, or Upper Limb Group, using the 'Wii Sports/Sports Resort' in sitting. Both groups undertook three 45 minute sessions per week over two to four weeks in addition to standard care.


MAIN MEASURES
The primary focus was feasibility, addressed by recruitment, retention, adherence, acceptability and safety. Efficacy was evaluated by balance, mobility and upper limb outcomes.


RESULTS
Twenty-one percent of individuals screened were recruited and 86% (n = 30) of eligible people agreed to participate. Study retention and session adherence was 90% and > 99%, respectively, at two weeks; dropping to 70% and 87% at four weeks due to early discharge. All participants reported enjoying the sessions and most felt they were beneficial. No major adverse events occurred. Wii use by the Balance Group was associated with trends for improved balance, with significantly greater improvement in outcomes including the Step Test and Wii Balance Board-derived centre of pressure scores. The Upper Limb Group had larger, non-significant changes in arm function.


CONCLUSIONS
A Wii-based approach appears feasible and promising for post-stroke balance rehabilitation. A larger randomized controlled trial is recommended to further investigate efficacy.
Netlist reverse engineering for high-level functionality reconstruction

In a modern IC design flow, from specification development to chip fabrication, various security threats are emergent. Of particular concern are modifications made to third-party IP cores and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) chips where no golden models are available for comparisons. Toward this direction, we develop a tool, named Reverse Engineering Finite State Machine (REFSM), that helps end-users reconstruct a high-level description of the control logic from a flattened netlist. We demonstrate that REFSM effectively recovers circuit control logic from netlists with varying degrees of complexity. Experimental results also showed that the developed tool can easily identify malicious logic from a flattened (or even obfuscated) netlist. If combined with chip level reverse engineering techniques, the developed REFSM tool can help detect the insertion of hardware Trojans in fabricated circuits.
Testing mechanisms of action for intensive case management.

AIM
This study identified factors that predict, mediate or moderate the effects of intensive case management (ICM) on longer-term drug abstinence outcomes in women on welfare.


DESIGN
In a parent study women were assigned randomly to usual care (UC) or intensive case management (ICM). Treatment was provided for 12 weeks and follow-up continued for 15 months after study intake. A set of hypothesized mediators was assessed at month 3 and a rigorous four-step mediational model was tested using outcomes in months 4-15.


PARTICIPANTS
Participants were 302 drug-dependent women applying and eligible for federal welfare and not currently in drug abuse treatment. Interventions ICM provided intensive treatment engagement including voucher incentives for treatment attendance and case management services; UC provided primarily referral to community treatment programs.


MEASUREMENT
Substance use outcomes were assessed using the time-line follow-back interview and confirmed using biological and collateral measures.


FINDINGS
Participants in ICM had more case manager contacts, better treatment engagement and more self-help attendance than did those in UC. Each of these variables predicted, and was shown to be a mediator of outcome, but case management contact was an especially robust mediator. Further, ICM effects were strongest for those who attended treatment least. Contrary to prediction, greater psychopathology and environmental stressors did not predict worse outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that case management is an active intervention that may both facilitate and substitute for formal drug abuse treatment.
Cubism in the Shadow of Marx

Book reviewed in this article: 
 
 
 
David Cottington Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris, 1905–1914
Power-efficient communication algorithms for wireless mobile sensor networks

One important issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is a scarce resource in a sensor node. Many protocols have been proposed for data-gathering between wireless sensor nodes. However, most of these protocols work on static wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we provide clustering-based and time-driven protocols which minimize energy dissipation for data-gathering in wireless mobile sensor networks where the sensor nodes are capable of mobility. We first consider the node mobility when organizing clusters. Our protocols will have a sensor node select a proper cluster-head to join in order to save energy. We then consider how to elect the cluster-heads and provide two algorithms for cluster-head election. Last, we implement all the protocols and perform the experiments for evaluating the protocols.
The impact of cross-platform development approaches for mobile applications from the user's perspective

Mobile app developers today have a hard decision to make: to independently develop native apps for different operating systems or to develop an app that is cross-platform compatible. The availability of different tools and approaches to support cross-platform app development only makes the decision harder. In this study, we used user reviews of apps to empirically understand the relationship (if any) between the approach used in the development of an app and its perceived quality. We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to classify 787,228 user reviews of the Android version and iOS version of 50 apps as complaints in one of four quality concerns: performance, usability, security, and reliability. We found that hybrid apps (on both Android and iOS platforms) tend to be more prone to user complaints than interpreted/generated apps. In a study of Facebook, an app that underwent a change in development approach from hybrid to native, we found that change in the development approach was accompanied by a reduction in user complaints about performance and reliability.
Teaching tools, teachers’ rules: exploring the impact of teaching styles on young children’s programming knowledge in ScratchJr

Computer programming tools for young children are being created and used in early childhood classrooms more than ever. However, little is known about the relationship between a teacher’s unique instructional style and their students’ ability to explore and retain programming content. In this mixed-methods study, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from N = 6 teachers and N = 222 Kindergarten through second grade students at six schools across the United States. These teachers and students participated in an investigation of the relationship between teaching styles and student learning outcomes. All participants engaged in a minimum of two lessons and a maximum of seven lessons using the ScratchJr programming environment to introduce coding. Teachers reported on their classroom structure, lesson plan, teaching style and comfort with technology. They also administered ScratchJr Solve It assessments to capture various aspects of students’ programming comprehension, which were analyzed for trends in learning outcomes. Results from this descriptive, exploratory study show that all students were successful in attaining foundational ScratchJr programming comprehension. Statistically significant findings revealed higher programming achievement in students whose educators demonstrated flexibility in lesson planning, responsiveness to student needs, technological content expertise, and concern for developing students’ independent thinking. Implications for research in the development of computational thinking strategies are discussed, as well as & Amanda Strawhacker amanda.strawhacker@tufts.edu Melissa Lee leemel@iu.edu Marina Umaschi Bers marina.bers@tufts.edu 1 DevTech Research Group, Eliot Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 105 College Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA 2 Present Address: Department of Curriculum Studies, Indiana University School of Education, 201 N. Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-1006, USA 123 Int J Technol Des Educ DOI 10.1007/s10798-017-9400-9
The CHARMS Study: cardiac patients' experiences of sexual problems following cardiac rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND
Sexual problems are common among cardiac patients. Further information is required on patients' experiences of sexuality and preferences for sexual counselling.


AIM
To characterise sexual dysfunction and related factors among patients following cardiac rehabilitation and examine related treatment delivery.


METHODS
Telephone interviews with 382 patients (32% response rate) recruited from six hospital rehabilitation centres.


RESULTS
Seventy-nine per cent were male; average age was 64 years (SD 9.8). Forty-seven per cent of the total sample reported no sexual relations in the previous year, and nearly a half of sexually active respondents reported at least one sexual problem. Erectile dysfunction (reported by 33%) and lack of interest in sex (reported by 10%) were the most common problems for men and women respectively. Twenty-three per cent reported that sex had deteriorated for them since their cardiac event, and for half of these this was considered a serious problem. In logistic regression analysis, higher anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and being male were associated with reporting a sexual problem (χ(2) = 37.85, p<0.001). Sixty-six per cent reported that sex was never discussed by a health professional and satisfaction with this aspect of care was low. Patients wanted these issues to be addressed and the majority (63%) claimed they would find it easy to discuss sexual problems with a health professional.


CONCLUSIONS
Sexual inactivity and sexual problems are common in this group. Health professionals should address sexual issues with their patients, ideally in a private setting and within the broader context of addressing psychological wellbeing.
Tools for the Development of Application-Specific Virtual Memory Management

The operating system's virtual memory management policy is increasingly important to application performance because gains in processing speed are far outstripping improvements in disk latency. Indeed, large applications can gain large performance bene ts from using a virtual memory policy tuned to their speci c memory access patterns rather than a general policy provided by the operating system. As a result, a number of schemes have been proposed to allow for application-speci c extensions to virtual memory management. These schemes have the potential to improve performance; however, to realize this performance gain, application developers must implement their own virtual memory module, a non-trivial programming task. Current operating systems and programming tools are inadequate for developing application-speci c policies. Our work combines (i) an extensible user-level virtual memory system based on a metaobject protocol with (ii) an innovative graphical performance monitor to make the task of implementing a new application-speci c page replacement policy considerably simpler. The techniques presented for opening up operating system virtual memory policy to user control are general; they could be used to build applicationspeci c implementations of other operating system policies. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CDA-8722788), the Digital Equipment Corporation (the Systems Research Center and the External Research Program), and the AT&T Foundation. Anderson was also supported by a National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award. The authors' e-mail addresses are keithk/dloft/vahdat/tea@cs.berkeley.edu.
Acquired mutations associated with ibrutinib resistance in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Ibrutinib produces high response rates and durable remissions in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) that are impacted by MYD88 and CXCR4WHIM mutations. Disease progression can develop on ibrutinib, although the molecular basis remains to be clarified. We sequenced sorted CD19+ lymphoplasmacytic cells from 6 WM patients who progressed after achieving major responses on ibrutinib using Sanger, TA cloning and sequencing, and highly sensitive and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assays that we developed for Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) mutations. AS-PCR assays were used to screen patients with and without progressive disease on ibrutinib, and ibrutinib-naïve disease. Targeted next-generation sequencing was used to validate AS-PCR findings, assess for other BTK mutations, and other targets in B-cell receptor and MYD88 signaling. Among the 6 progressing patients, 3 had BTKCys481 variants that included BTKCys481Ser(c.1635G>C and c.1634T>A) and BTKCys481Arg(c.1634T>C) Two of these patients had multiple BTK mutations. Screening of 38 additional patients on ibrutinib without clinical progression identified BTKCys481 mutations in 2 (5.1%) individuals, both of whom subsequently progressed. BTKCys481 mutations were not detected in baseline samples or in 100 ibrutinib-naive WM patients. Using mutated MYD88 as a tumor marker, BTKCys481 mutations were subclonal, with a highly variable clonal distribution. Targeted deep-sequencing confirmed AS-PCR findings, and identified an additional BTKCys481Tyr(c.1634G>A) mutation in the 2 patients with multiple other BTKCys481 mutations, as well as CARD11Leu878Phe(c.2632C>T) and PLCγ2Tyr495His(c.1483T>C) mutations. Four of the 5 patients with BTKC481 variants were CXCR4 mutated. BTKCys481 mutations are common in WM patients with clinical progression on ibrutinib, and are associated with mutated CXCR4.
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Reasoning with Hierarchical Rectified Gaussians

Convolutional neural nets (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in recent history. Such approaches tend to work in a "unidirectional" bottom-up feed-forward fashion. However, practical experience and biological evidence tells us that feedback plays a crucial role, particularly for detailed spatial understanding tasks. This work explores "bidirectional" architectures that also reason with top-down feedback: neural units are influenced by both lower and higher-level units. We do so by treating units as rectified latent variables in a quadratic energy function, which can be seen as a hierarchical Rectified Gaussian model (RGs) [39]. We show that RGs can be optimized with a quadratic program (QP), that can in turn be optimized with a recurrent neural network (with rectified linear units). This allows RGs to be trained with GPU-optimized gradient descent. From a theoretical perspective, RGs help establish a connection between CNNs and hierarchical probabilistic models. From a practical perspective, RGs are well suited for detailed spatial tasks that can benefit from top-down reasoning. We illustrate them on the challenging task of keypoint localization under occlusions, where local bottom-up evidence may be misleading. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results on challenging benchmarks.
Treatment intensity and childhood apraxia of speech.

BACKGROUND
Intensive treatment has been repeatedly recommended for the treatment of speech deficits in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). However, differences in treatment outcomes as a function of treatment intensity have not been systematically studied in this population.


AIM
To investigate the effects of treatment intensity on outcome measures related to articulation, functional communication and speech intelligibility for children with CAS undergoing individual motor speech intervention.


METHODS & PROCEDURES
A total of 37 children (32-54 months of age) with CAS received 1×/week (lower intensity) or 2×/week (higher intensity) individual motor speech treatment for 10 weeks. Assessments were carried out before and after a 10-week treatment block to study the effects of variations in treatment intensity on the outcome measures.


OUTCOMES & RESULTS
The results indicated that only higher intensity treatment (2×/week) led to significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with 1×/week (lower intensity) intervention. Further, neither lower nor higher intensity treatment yielded a significant change for speech intelligibility at the word or sentence level. In general, effect sizes for the higher intensity treatment groups were larger for most variables compared with the lower intensity treatment group.


CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS
Overall, the results of the current study may allow for modification of service delivery and facilitate the development of an evidence-based care pathway for children with CAS.
Infliximab for Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to Laser Photocoagulation

OBJECTIVE
Because many patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) do not respond to focal/grid laser photocoagulation, the only currently approved treatment, alternatives are needed. Based on encouraging preliminary findings, we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody infliximab in this condition.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Eleven patients with sight-threatening DME persisting after two sessions of laser photocoagulation received infliximab (5 mg/kg) intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14, followed by placebo at weeks 16, 18, 22, and 30, or vice versa. Blinding was maintained to week 32, when the final assessments were performed. Best corrected visual acuity evaluated by a mixed-models approach for imbalanced crossover design using the percentage difference as the outcome variable was the primary study end point. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.


RESULTS
Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores dropped from 31.6 +/- 5.1 (mean +/- SD) letters read at baseline to 28.8 +/- 11.6 letters read at week 16 in six placebo-treated eyes and improved to 35.4 +/- 11.2 letters read after infliximab. In contrast, visual acuity improved from 23.5 +/- 10.3 at baseline to 30.4 +/- 13.4 letters read at week 16 in eight infliximab-treated eyes and was sustained at completion of placebo treatment (31.4 +/- 12.1 letters read). The excess visual acuity in infliximab-treated eyes was greater by 24.3% compared with that in placebo-treated eyes (95% CI 4.8-43.7; P = 0.017). Infliximab treatment was well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
The positive results of this small phase III study suggest that larger and longer term trials should be conducted to assess the efficacy of systemic or intravitreal anti-TNF agent administration for primary treatment of DME.