LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phrase structure and the syntax of clitics in the history of Spanish

Phrase structure and the syntax of clitics in the history of Spanish Author: Josep M. Fontana Supervisor: Anthony S. Kroch This thesis is a qualitative and quantitative study of the changes that occurred in the phrase structure and system of pronominal clitics in medieval and renaissance Spanish, with the goal of explaining the basic differences between the syntactic properties of clitics in Old Spanish and their counterparts in the various dialects of modern Spanish. Specifically, I argue that these differences are explainable if we classify OSp clitics as Second Position (2P) clitics, in contrast to their modern counterparts. 2P clitics are treated here as prosodically deficient phrasal constituents that appear displaced from their canonical positions as internal arguments of the verb and are adjoined to a phrasal projection at the left edge of the clause (IP). The elements encompassed under the pre-theoretical notion clitic in modern Spanish, however, are not linked to an argument position via a movement chain; rather, they are proposed to be verbal affixes that enter into inflectional relationships with their coindexed argument positions; alternatively put, they are members of the morphological complex instantiating abstract inflectional features, specifically those of object agreement, and hence inherent components of X level type categories. I show that the reanalysis from phrasal categories to X related categories took place as a consequence of an unrelated development in the phrase structure of OSp. The gradual loss of a particular mechanism of topicalization, responsible for the manifestation of the patterns associated with the verb-second (V2) constraint in OSp, resulted in a situation where a reanalysis of the parameters of phonological cliticization became inevitable: Lacking a preceding phonological host (namely, the constituent known in the V2 literature as the first position element), 2P clitics went from being inherently enclitic to procliticize by default onto the lexical category immediately to their right, namely, the tensed verbal head. The resulting superficial association between clitic and verb, found in an increasing number of contexts, triggered in turn a reanalysis of clitics in the syntax as elements associated with the verbal inflection, with the manifestation of a series of concomitant effects: loss of interpolation, requirement of strict orders between verbal head and clitic, and cliticdoubling.
Plant classification system for crop /weed discrimination without segmentation

This paper proposes a machine vision approach for plant classification without segmentation and its application in agriculture. Our system can discriminate crop and weed plants growing in commercial fields where crop and weed grow close together and handles overlap between plants. Automated crop / weed discrimination enables weed control strategies with specific treatment of weeds to save cost and mitigate environmental impact. Instead of segmenting the image into individual leaves or plants, we use a Random Forest classifier to estimate crop/weed certainty at sparse pixel positions based on features extracted from a large overlapping neighborhood. These individual sparse results are spatially smoothed using a Markov Random Field and continuous crop/weed regions are inferred in full image resolution through interpolation. We evaluate our approach using a dataset of images captured in an organic carrot farm with an autonomous field robot under field conditions. Applying the plant classification system to images from our dataset and performing cross-validation in a leave one out scheme yields an average classification accuracy of 93.8 %.
Social neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry.

Most mental disorders involve disruptions of normal social behavior. Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding the biological systems underlying social processes and behavior, and the influence of the social environment on biological processes, health and well-being. Research in this field has grown dramatically in recent years. Active areas of research include brain imaging studies in normal children and adults, animal models of social behavior, studies of stroke patients, imaging studies of psychiatric patients, and research on social determinants of peripheral neural, neuroendocrine and immunological processes. Although research in these areas is proceeding along largely independent trajectories, there is increasing evidence for connections across these trajectories. We focus here on the progress and potential of social neuroscience in psychiatry, including illustrative evidence for a rapid growth of neuroimaging and genetic studies of mental disorders. We also argue that neuroimaging and genetic research focused on specific component processes underlying social living is needed.
Carbon-11 acetate as a tracer of myocardial oxygen consumption

Estimation of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and myocardial blood flow (MBF) is important for the understanding of various (patho)physiological mechanisms and diseases. Clearance rates of carbon-11 labelled acetate, determined with positron emission tomography, allow estimation of MVO2 on a segmental level and non-invasively. In addition, MBF can be determined from uptake rates. In this review, the background to estimation of MVO2 and MBF is discussed, as well as the currently available literature that has used 11C-acetate to estimate MVO2 and MBF.
Community-based individual knowledge construction in the classroom: a process-oriented account

This paper explores the process of knowledge convergence and knowledge sharing in the context of classroom collaboration in which students do a group learning activity mediated by a generic representation tool. In analysing the transcript of the interactions of a group, we adapt the group cognition method of Stahl and the uptake analysis methodology of Suthers to understand how the members of the group did meaning making in their interactions, and how individual members did uptakes of their interactions and applied their new shared knowledge or understanding in new situations. The transcript is taken from our school-based research using the Group Scribbles software technology which provides representation spaces for individual, group or class work to support collaborative practices. Our work contributes toward a methodology for explaining a process-oriented account of a small group interaction through face-toface communication over external shared representations.
Integrity-Based Kernel Malware Detection

This dissertation, written by Feng Zhu, and entitled Integrity-Based Kernel Malware Detection, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. iv DEDICATION To my advisor, my family and my friends.
Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Loop Antenna Covering LTE Bands With MIMO Implementation and Wideband Microstrip Slot Antenna all for Portable Wireless DTV Media Player

A microstrip slot antenna covering Digital TV (DTV) and frequency reconfigurable microstrip printed loop antenna operating at LTE bands 3 (1.8 GHz) and 7 (2.6 GHz) with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) implementation are designed which can find applications in portable wireless DTV media players. The DTV antenna is matched from 496-862 MHz and LTE bands 3 and 7 from 1710-1880 MHz and 2500-2700 MHz, respectively, all considering S11 = -6 dB matching criterion. Further, the LTE bands antennas are frequency reconfigurable antennas and its MIMO implementation shows an envelope correlation (EC) below 0.22 for both the LTE bands. Prototype antennas were fabricated and experimental verification was performed.
Neuroglial differentiation of adult enteric neuronal progenitor cells as a function of extracellular matrix composition.

Enteric neuronal progenitor cells are neural crest-derived stem cells that can be isolated from fetal, post-natal and adult gut. Neural stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapeutic paradigm to replace dysfunctional or lost enteric neurons in several aganglionic disorders of the GI tract. The impetus to identify an appropriate microenvironment for enteric neuronal progenitor cells derives from the need to improve survival and phenotypic stability following implantation. Extracellular matrix composition can modulate stem cell fate and direct differentiation. Adult mammalian myenteric ganglia in vivo are surrounded by a matrix composed primarily of Collagen IV, Laminin and a Heparan sulfate proteoglycan. In these studies, adult mammalian enteric neuronal progenitor cells isolated from full thickness rabbit intestines were induced to differentiate when cultured on various combinations of neural ECM substrates. Neuronal and glial differentiation was studied as a function of ECM composition on coated glass coverslips. Poly-lysine coated coverslips (control) supported extensive glial differentiation but very minimal neuronal differentiation. Individual culture substrata (Laminin, Collagen I and Collagen IV) were conducive for both neuronal and glial differentiation. The addition of laminin or heparan sulfate to collagen substrates improved neuronal differentiation, significantly increased neurite lengths, branching and initiation of neuronal network formation. Glial differentiation was extensive on control poly lysine coated coverslips. Addition of laminin or heparan sulfate to composite collagen substrates significantly reduced glial immunofluorescence. Various neural ECM components were evaluated individually and in combination to study their effect of neuroglial differentiation of adult enteric neuronal progenitor cells. Our results indicate that specific ECM substrates that include type IV Collagen, laminin and heparan sulfate support and maintain neuronal and glial differentiation to different extents. Here, we identify a matrix composition optimized to tissue engineer transplantable innervated GI smooth muscle constructs to remedy aganglionic disorders.
On saying that

"I wish I had said that", said Oscar Wilde in applauding one of Whistler's witticisms. Whistler, who took a dim view of Wilde's originality, retorted, "You will, Oscar; you will". The function of this tale (from Holbrook Jackson's The Eighteen-Nineties) is to remind us that an expression like "Whistler said that" may on occasion serve as a grammatically complete sentence. Here we have, I suggest, the key to a correct analysis of indirect discourse, an analysis that opens a lead to an analysis of psychological sentences generally (sentences about propositional attitudes, so-called), and even, though this looks beyond anything to be discussed in the present paper, a clue to what distinguishes psychological concepts from others. But let us begin with sentences usually deemed more representative of oratio obliqua, for example "Galileo said that the earth moves" or "Scott said that Venus is an inferior planet". One trouble with such sentences is that we do not know their logical form. And to admit this is to admit that, whatever else we may know about them, we do not know the first thing. I f we accept surface grammar as guide to logical form, we will see "Galileo said that the earth moves" as containing the sentence "the earth moves", and this sentence in turn as consisting of the singular term 'the earth', and a predicate, 'moves'. But if 'the earth' is, in this context, a singular term, it can be replaced, so far as the truth or falsity of the containing sentence is concerned, by any other singular term that refers to the same thing. The notorious apparent invalidity of this rule can only be apparent, for the rule no more than spells out what is involved in the idea of a (logically) singular term. Only two lines of explanation, then, are open: we are wrong about the logical form, or we are wrong about the reference of the singular term. What seems anomalous behavior on the part of what seem singular terms dramatizes the problem of giving an orderly account of indirect discourse, but the problem is more pervasive. For what touches singular terms touches what they touch, and that is everything: quantifiers,
Lack of genotoxic effect of food dyes amaranth, sunset yellow and tartrazine and their metabolites in the gut micronucleus assay in mice.

The food dyes amaranth, sunset yellow and tartrazine were administered twice, at 24h intervals, by oral gavage to mice and assessed in the in vivo gut micronucleus test for genotoxic effects (frequency of micronucleated cells) and toxicity (apoptotic and mitotic cells). The concentrations of each compound and their main metabolites (sulfanilic acid and naphthionic acid) were measured in faeces during a 24-h period after single oral administrations of the food dyes to mice. Parent dye compounds and their main aromatic amine metabolites were detected in significant amounts in the environment of colonic cells. Acute oral exposure to food dye additives amaranth, sunset yellow and tartrazine did not induce genotoxic effect in the micronucleus gut assay in mice at doses up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. Food dyes administration increased the mitotic cells at all dose levels when compared to controls. These results suggest that the transient DNA damages previously observed in the colon of mice treated by amaranth and tartrazine by the in vivo comet assay [Sasaki, Y.F., Kawaguchi, S., Kamaya, A., Ohshita, M., Kabasawa, K., Iwama, K., Taniguchi, K., Tsuda, S., 2002. The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives. Mutat. Res. 519, 103-119] are unable to be fixed in stable genotoxic lesions and might be partly explained by local cytotoxicity of the dyes.
Why do people play on-line games? An extended TAM with social influences and flow experience

On-line games have been a highly profitable e-commerce application in recent years. The market value of on-line games is increasing markedly and number of players is rapidly growing. The reasons that people play on-line games is an important area of research. This study views on-line games as entertainment technology. However, while most past studies have focused on task-oriented technology, predictors of entertainment-oriented technology adoption have seldom been addressed. This study applies the technology acceptance model (TAM) that incorporates social influences and flow experience as beliefrelated constructs to predict users’ acceptance of on-line games. The proposed model was empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 233 users about their perceptions of on-line games. Overall, the results reveal that social norms, attitude, and flow experience explain about 80% of game playing. The implications of this study are discussed. # 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Factors influencing migration among Nepalese nurses

Migration of Health workers has devastating consequences leading to loss of health workers in the nation of origin. This research was carried out to identify the push factors related to migration of Nurses from Nepal to other developed countries. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted via different social medias. The data was collected from 67 migrated Nepalese Nurses to: Australia, USA, UK and Canada. Self-administered questionnaire in the form of “Google docs form” was used to collect data from respondents. The study showed that 70.15% of respondents were of 20-29 years of age. In the study, 38.80% of respondents were from Australia followed by 31.34% from USA, 16.43% from UK and 13.43% from Canada. When the researcher advised respondents to prioritize the major cause of migration by giving 1 to major and 8 to least responsible factor of migration, the study revealed that personal ambition (Mean: 3.18), lack of job and career opportunities in Nepal (Mean: 3.57), economical factors (Mean: 3.2), and job dissatisfaction (Mean: 4.90) are the main causes of migration among Nepalese Nurses. This study also showed that 55.22% of respondents were not satisfied with their job in Nepal. 53.74% and 43.28% of the respondents are satisfied and highly satisfied respectively with their job in abroad. It can also be concluded that lack of modern facilities merely is not only the motivating factor for migration among Nepalese nurses, age and personal ambition also play a role in migration.
Parsimonious and efficient assessment of health-related quality of life in osteoarthritis research: validation of the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument

BACKGROUND
The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) utility instrument was psychometrically developed for the general population. This study aimed to explore its potential as an osteoarthritis (OA) outcome measure.


METHODS
WOMAC, Lequesne index, SF-36, Visual analogue scales and the AQoL were administered to 222 people with OA. The ability of each questionnaire to detect differences between groups was based on (i) self-rated health (SRH) and, (ii) differences between people on an orthopedic waiting list (WL) vs people with OA in the community (C). Comparisons included effect size, relative efficiency and receiver operator characteristic curves.


RESULTS
All instruments detected differences between groups; however no one instrument exhibited superior efficiency. The AQoL demonstrated strong psychometric properties.


CONCLUSION
The AQoL has equivalent performance to comparator questionnaires commonly used in OA research and would be a useful adjunct to well-established disease specific scales. The AQoL has important advantages; brevity (12 items), facilitates comparisons between disease groups, and delivers a utility score that can be used in health economic evaluations.
Endoscopic single-incision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft: surgical technique. 1992 [classical article].

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has undergone numerous advances over the past two decades. In the early 1970s, Jones21 popularized open arthrotomy reconstruction using the central one third of the patellar ligament. The 1980s witnessed arthroscopic-assisted techniques that obviated the use of an arthrotomy.3,19,37 Endoscopic ACL reconstruction using a single anterior incision is an attractive technique modification that is currently being investigated as a potential advance over arthroscopic-assisted techniques.31,33,35 Single-incision endoscopic ACL reconstruction has the advantages of arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction and offers several advantages over mini-arthrotomy techniques.* These include improved visualization for graft placement and isometry, exposure provided by fluid distention thus avoiding cartilage desiccation, possibly less thigh girth atrophy, avoidance of an arthrotomy-induced loss of proprioception, improved cosmesis, decreased postoperative pain, and simpler wound care. Reduced postoperative morbidity will allow the future single-incision technique to be performed routinely on an outpatient basis. This may help reduce costs and improve health-care use. Despite the many advantages associated with endoscopic ACL reconstruction, it is a technically demanding procedure with many potential pitfalls.27 This article describes the surgical technique and pitfalls of single-incision endoscopic ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
Extracting Insights from Electronic Health Records: Case Studies, a Visual Analytics Process Model, and Design Recommendations

Current electronic health record (EHR) systems facilitate the storage, retrieval, persistence, and sharing of patient data. However, the way physicians interact with EHRs has not changed much. More specifically, support for temporal analysis of a large number of EHRs has been lacking. A number of information visualization techniques have been proposed to alleviate this problem. Unfortunately, due to their limited application to a single case study, the results are often difficult to generalize across medical scenarios. We present the usage data of Lifelines2 (Wang et al. 2008), our information visualization system, and user comments, both collected over eight different medical case studies. We generalize our experience into a visual analytics process model for multiple EHRs. Based on our analysis, we make seven design recommendations to information visualization tools to explore EHR systems.
Characterization of Circulating and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Extreme-Duration Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
We characterized and correlated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) with lack of vascular complications in the Joslin Medalist Study in patients with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or longer.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
EPC and CPC levels were ascertained by flow cytometry and compared among Medalists (n = 172) with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR; n = 84 of 162), neuropathy (n = 94 of 165), diabetic nephropathy (DN; n = 18 of 172), cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 63 of 168), age-matched controls (n = 83), type 2 diabetic patients (n = 36), and younger type 1 diabetic patients (n = 31). Mitogens, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers were measured in blood or urine. Migration of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Medalists and age-matched controls were compared.


RESULTS
Medalists' EPC and CPC levels equaled those of their nondiabetic age-matched controls, were 10% higher than those in younger type 1 diabetic patients, and were 20% higher than those in age-matched type 2 diabetic patients. CPC levels were 15% higher in Medalists without CVD and nephropathy than in those affected, whereas EPC levels were significantly higher in those without peripheral vascular disease (PVD) than those with PVD. Stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels were higher in Medalists with CVD, DN, and DR than in those not affected and their controls. IGF-I levels were lower in Medalists and correlated inversely with CPC levels. Additionally, cultured PBMCs from Medalists migrated more than those from nondiabetic controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Normal levels of EPC and CPC in the Medalists, unlike other groups with diabetes, especially those without CVD, support the idea that endogenous factors exist to neutralize the adverse effects of metabolic abnormalities of diabetes on vascular tissues.