LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Real Time Target Tracking with Pan Tilt Zoom Camera

We present an approach for real-time tracking of a non-rigid target with a moving pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera. The tracking of the object and control of the camera is handled by one computer in real time. The main contribution of the paper is method for target representation, localisation and detection, which takes into account both foreground and background properties, and is more discriminative than the common colour histogram based back-projection. A Bayesian hypothesis test is used to decide whether each pixel is occupied by the target or not. We show that this target representation is suitable for use with a Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift (CAMSHIFT) tracker. Experiments show that this leads to a tracking system that is efficient and accurate enough to guide a PTZ camera to follow a moving target in real time, despite the presence of background clutter and partial occlusion.
Self-directed adult learning in a ubiquitous learning environment: A meta-review

In our rapidly changing technological society, formal training alone cannot meet the need for development of working individuals. Self-directed learning is seen as a solution for adult learners to keep up with these changes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the essential elements of selfdirected learning that should be integrated into a ubiquitous learning environment for learning in the workplace. To achieve this, a systematic review on self-directed learning was performed. This produced five elements that support self-directed learning: learner control, self-regulating learning strategies, reflection, interaction with the social world and interaction with the physical world. This study shows that the characteristics of adult learning, as well as those of ubiquitous learning, match with the elements that support selfdirected learning. Still, in the development of ubiquitous learning environments some elements of self-directed learning are not used yet. Therefore, the fields of research that focus on learning (e.g. adult learning, self-directed learning) and those that focus on learning technology (e.g. ubiquitous learning) should work towards a more integrated approach in the design of learning environments.
Thalassemia among the tribal communities of India

Though the tribal communities constitute a major part of India, unfortunately they are highly vulnerable to many hereditary disorders causing high degree of morbidity and mortality. To map out thalassemia among the Indian tribes, an extensive review study was conducted from the literature published since last 20 years. Literature review shows that thalassemia and other haemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent (0.028-18%) among the tribal communities. Some types of deleterious mutation are restricted to some particular tribes. Such as tribes of Maharastrya and Gujrat have shown prevalence of 619bp deletion mutations in 49.2% and 45.5% carriers, respectively. HbS (codon 6A→T) mutant allele is widespread among many Indian tribes. HbE mutation among the Bodo Kachari of Assam is found to be the highest observed frequency in the world followed by the tribes of adjoining Tripura. The evidence of the hereditary persistence of rare HbF is also prevalent among the Indian tribes. In case of Gond in Central India, HbF levels varied as much as 42.55% with high G-gamma values. Since last 20 years the high frequencies of these mutant alleles is maintained by the tribal populations probably due to consanguinity and endogamous mating for a long period of time, along with ignorance, lack of awareness and conveyance, lowincome status and high cost of treatment make them vulnerable. Thus, action like community awareness, screening of carriers, establishment of prenatal diagnosis facilities, optimum treatment of thalassemia babies etc. should be taken immediately.
Delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease: bilingualism as a form of cognitive reserve.

OBJECTIVES
There is strong epidemiologic evidence to suggest that older adults who maintain an active lifestyle in terms of social, mental, and physical engagement are protected to some degree against the onset of dementia. Such factors are said to contribute to cognitive reserve, which acts to compensate for the accumulation of amyloid and other brain pathologies. We present evidence that lifelong bilingualism is a further factor contributing to cognitive reserve.


METHODS
Data were collected from 211 consecutive patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer disease (AD). Patients' age at onset of cognitive impairment was recorded, as was information on occupational history, education, and language history, including fluency in English and any other languages. Following this procedure, 102 patients were classified as bilingual and 109 as monolingual.


RESULTS
We found that the bilingual patients had been diagnosed 4.3 years later and had reported the onset of symptoms 5.1 years later than the monolingual patients. The groups were equivalent on measures of cognitive and occupational level, there was no apparent effect of immigration status, and the monolingual patients had received more formal education. There were no gender differences.


CONCLUSIONS
The present data confirm results from an earlier study, and thus we conclude that lifelong bilingualism confers protection against the onset of AD. The effect does not appear to be attributable to such possible confounding factors as education, occupational status, or immigration. Bilingualism thus appears to contribute to cognitive reserve, which acts to compensate for the effects of accumulated neuropathology.
Formation control: a review and a new consideration

In this paper, we presented a review on the current control issues and strategies on a group of unmanned autonomous vehicles/robots formation. Formation control has broad applications and becomes an active research topic in the recent years. In this paper, we attempt to review the key issues in formation control with a focus on the main control strategies for formation control under different kinds of scenarios. Then, we point out some important open questions and the possible future research directions on formation control. This paper contributes with a new and interesting consideration on formation control and its application in distributed parameter systems. We pointed out that formation control should be classified as formation regulation control and formation tracking control, similar to regulator and tracker in conventional control.
Improving Distributed Gradient Descent Using Reed-Solomon Codes

Today's massively-sized datasets have made it necessary to often perform computations on them in a distributed manner. In principle, a computational task is divided into subtasks which are distributed over a cluster operated by a taskmaster. One issue faced in practice is the delay incurred due to the presence of slow machines, known as stragglers. Several schemes, including those based on replication, have been proposed in the literature to mitigate the effects of stragglers and more recently, those inspired by coding theory have begun to gain traction. In this work, we consider a distributed gradient descent setting suitable for a wide class of machine learning problems. We adopt the framework of Tandon et al. [1] and present a deterministic scheme that, for a prescribed per-machine computational effort, recovers the gradient from the least number of machines $f$ theoretically permissible, via an $O(f^{2})$ decoding algorithm. The idea is based on a suitably designed Reed-Solomon code that has a sparsest and balanced generator matrix. We also provide a theoretical delay model which can be used to minimize the expected waiting time per computation by optimally choosing the parameters of the scheme. Finally, we supplement our theoretical findings with numerical results that demonstrate the efficacy of the method and its advantages over competing schemes.
Two-dimension localization of passive RFID tags using AOA estimation

RFID is widely used in electronic identification and tracking. Both identity and location information are important in object tracking applications. Recent techniques in RFID localization generally use active tags and pay attention to RSS (received signal strength). As the signal processing of passive RFID is more complicated, RSS based localization of passive tags has a high error. Note that phase characteristics play an important role in signal propagation. This paper presents a method to locate passive RFID tags by estimating AOA (angle of arrival) using the phase difference. Modelling and experimental results show that AOA estimation by phase difference can be used to locate RFID tags accurately.
Venous and paradoxical air embolism in the sitting position. A prospective study with transoesophageal echocardiography

This prospective study investigates the frequency of patent foramen ovale (PFO), venous air embolism (VAE) and paradoxical air embolism (PAE) by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in neurosurgical patients operated on in the sitting position. The risk of PAE after exclusion of PFO is assessed. A PFO was identified by pre-operative TOE and VAE and PAE by continuous intra-operative TOE. Sixty-two patients were divided into two groups, 22 patients were studied in group 1 (posterior fossa surgery) and group 2 (cervical surgery) contained 40 patients. Pre-operative TOE demonstrated a PFO in 5 of the 22 patients in group 1 (23%). Patients with proven PFO were excluded from the sitting position. Two further patients of this group (12% of 17 patients), in whom a PFO had been excluded pre-operatively, nevertheless had PAE, air occurring in all cavities of the heart. In group 2 the incidence of PFO was 4 out of 40 patients (10%). No PAE was observed in this group. Three morphological types of VAE with different haemodynamic and ventilation changes were demonstrated. VAE was observed in 76% of all posterior fossa operations and in 25% of cervical laminectomies. We conclude that a pre-operative search for PFO is mandatory considering its incidence of 23% in group 1 and of 10% in group 2, and the risk of PAE. If a PFO is detected, the sitting position should be avoided. A residual risk for PAE remains despite exclusion of PFO because the reliability of TOE is limited. TOE is the method of choice for detecting VAE and PAE.
Real-time CPU-based large-scale 3D mesh reconstruction

In Robotics, especially in this era of autonomous driving, mapping is one key ability of a robot to be able to navigate through an environment, localize on it and analyze its traversability. To allow for real-time execution on constrained hardware, the map usually estimated by feature-based or semidense SLAM algorithms is a sparse point cloud; a richer and more complete representation of the environment is desirable. Existing dense mapping algorithms require extensive use of GPU computing and they hardly scale to large environments; incremental algorithms from sparse points still represent an effective solution when light computational effort is needed and big sequences have to be processed in real-time. In this paper we improved and extended the state of the art incremental manifold mesh algorithm proposed in [1] and extended in [2]. While these algorithms do not achieve real-time and they embed points from SLAM or Structure from Motion only when their position is fixed, in this paper we propose the first incremental algorithm able to reconstruct a manifold mesh in real-time through single core CPU processing which is also able to modify the mesh according to 3D points updates from the underlying SLAM algorithm. We tested our algorithm against two state of the art incremental mesh mapping systems on the KITTI dataset, and we showed that, while accuracy is comparable, our approach is able to reach real-time performances thanks to an order of magnitude speed-up.
Roadmap towards beyond 4G: Key technologies and challenges for 5G

5G are being intensively studied in order to deliver systems by 2020. This paper presents technological challenges and perspectives beyond 4G systems. It addresses the research landscape of 5G systems and the requirements to be fullfilled. It also presents some key technologies driving 5G development in order to give form to the future generation mobile systems.
A new suffix tree similarity measure for document clustering

In this paper, we propose a new similarity measure to compute the pairwise similarity of text-based documents based on suffix tree document model. By applying the new suffix tree similarity measure in Group-average Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (GAHC) algorithm, we developed a new suffix tree document clustering algorithm (NSTC). Experimental results on two standard document clustering benchmark corpus OHSUMED and RCV1 indicate that the new clustering algorithm is a very effective document clustering algorithm. Comparing with the results of traditional word term weight tf-idf similarity measure in the same GAHC algorithm, NSTC achieved an improvement of 51% on the average of F-measure score. Furthermore, we apply the new clustering algorithm in analyzing the Web documents in online forum communities. A topic oriented clustering algorithm is developed to help people in assessing, classifying and searching the the Web documents in a large forum community.
Effect of anti-IgE therapy on food allergen specific T cell responses in eosinophil associated gastrointestinal disorders

BACKGROUND
Anti-IgE therapy inhibits mast cell and basophil activation, blocks IgE binding to both FcεRI and CD23 and down regulates FcεRI expression by antigen (Ag) presenting cells (APCs). In addition to its classical role in immediate hypersensitivity, IgE has been shown in vitro to facilitate Ag presentation of allergens, whereby APC bound IgE preferentially takes up allergens for subsequent processing and presentation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether anti-IgE therapy, by blocking facilitated Ag presentation in vivo, attenuates allergen specific Th2 cell responses.


METHODS
To test this hypothesis, food allergen specific T cell responses were examined during a 16-week clinical trial of omalizumab in nine subjects with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and food sensitization. Allergen specific T cell responses were measured using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dye dilution coupled with intracellular cytokine staining and polychromatic flow cytometry. Four independent indices of allergen specific T cell response (proliferation, Ag dose response, precursor frequency, and the ratio of Th2:Th1 cytokine expression) were determined.


RESULTS
Eight of the 9 subjects had measurable food allergen specific responses, with a median proliferation index of 112-fold. Allergen specific T cell proliferation was limited to CD4 T cells, whereas CD8 T cell did not proliferate. Food allergen specific responses were Th2 skewed relative to tetanus specific responses in the same subjects. In contradistinction to the original hypothesis, anti-IgE treatment did not diminish any of the four measured indices of allergen specific T cell response.


CONCLUSIONS
In sum, using multiple indices of T cell function, this study failed to demonstrate that anti-IgE therapy broadly or potently inhibits allergen specific T cell responses. As such, these data do not support a major role for IgE facilitated Ag presentation augmenting allergen specific T cell responses in vivo.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00084097.
A Pedunculated Fibrolipomatous Polyp of Tonsil: A Rare Case Report

Lipoma being the most common mesenchymal tumour of the body is rare in head and neck region. Fibrolipoma is a rare benign tumour of palatine tonsil which may present a pedunculated lesion in oropharynx and can cause dysphagia, foreign body sensation in throat, sleep disturbance and voice change. Our patient presented with foreign body sensation in throat. Examination showed pedunculated polypoidal mass arising from right palatine tonsil, treated with tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed as fibrolipoma of tonsil. Malignant transformation in fibrolipoma is very rare but some cases have been reported. Hence patient was followed up for two years and no recurrence noted.
Phase I clinical trial of the use of zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in dogs.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the threshold for acute toxicosis of parenterally administered zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS(4)), a candidate second-generation photosensitizer, in mice and evaluate the compound's safety in a phase I clinical trial of ZnPcS(4)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in pet dogs with naturally occurring tumors.


ANIMALS
Male Swiss-Webster mice and client-owned dogs with naturally occurring neoplasms.


PROCEDURES
For the study of acute toxicosis, mice were given graded doses of ZnPcS(4). To determine safety, a rapid-titration phase I clinical trial of ZnPcS(4)-based PDT in tumor-bearing dogs was conducted.


RESULTS
In mice, administration of >or= 100 mg of ZnPcS(4)/kg resulted in renal tubular necrosis 24 hours after IP injection. In tumor-bearing dogs, ZnPcS(4) doses <or= 4 mg/kg induced no signs of toxicosis and resulted in partial to complete tumor responses in 10 of 12 dogs 4 weeks after PDT. Tumor remission was observed with ZnPcS(4) doses as low as 0.25 mg/kg.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
A conservative starting dose of ZnPcS(4) was arrived at on the basis of mouse toxicosis findings. Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate-based PDT was tolerated well by all dogs and warrants further study. The identification of the maximum tolerated dose through traditional phase I clinical trials may be unnecessary for evaluating novel PDT protocols.
Plasmonics simulations with the MNPBEM toolbox: Consideration of substrates and layer structures

Within the MNPBEM toolbox, developed for the simulation of plasmonic nanoparticles using a boundary element method approach, we show how to include substrate and layer structure effects. We develop the methodology for solving Maxwell’s equations using scalar and vector potentials within the inhomogeneous dielectric environment of a layer structure. We show that the implementation of our approach allows for fast and efficient simulations of plasmonic nanoparticles situated on top of substrates or embedded in layer structures. The new toolbox provides a number of demo files which can be also used as templates for other simulations. Program summary Program title:MNPBEM toolbox Catalogue identifier: AEKJ_v3_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEKJ_v3_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 56958 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1258497 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language:Matlab 8.3.0 (R2014a). Computer: Any which supports Matlab 8.3.0 (R2014a). Operating system: Any which supports Matlab 8.3.0 (R2014a). Has the code been vectorised or parallelized?: Yes RAM: ≥4 Gbyte Classification: 18. Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEKJ_v2_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 185 (2014) 1177 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Simulation of plasmonic nanoparticles placed on substrates or within layer structures. Solution method: Boundary element method using electromagnetic potentials Reasons for new version: Inclusion of substrate and layer structure effects Summary of revisions: • simulations with layer structures and substrates • simulation control through one options structure ✩ This paper and its associated computer program are available via the Computer Physics Communication homepage on ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/journal/00104655). ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: ulrich.hohenester@uni-graz.at (U. Hohenester). URL: http://physik.uni-graz.at/∼uxh (U. Hohenester). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.03.023 0010-4655/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. J. Waxenegger et al. / Computer Physics Communications 193 (2015) 138–150 139 • refined boundary element integration • consideration of flat and curved particle boundaries • an improved plot function for particle objects • a new polygon3 class for the extrusion of 2d shapes • a new meshfield class for the computation of electric field maps Running time: Depending on surface discretization between seconds and hours. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Characterization of Evaporation and Boiling from Sintered Powder Wicks Fed by Capillary Action

The thermal resistance to heat transfer into the evaporator section of heat pipes and vapor chambers plays a dominant role in governing their overall performance. It is therefore critical to quantify this resistance for commonly used sintered copper powder wick surfaces, both under evaporation and boiling conditions. The objective of the current study is to measure the dependence of thermal resistance on the thickness and particle size of such surfaces. A novel test facility is developed which feeds the test fluid, water, to the wick by capillary action. This simulates the feeding mechanism within an actual heat pipe, referred to as wicked evaporation or boiling. Experiments with multiple samples, with thicknesses ranging from 600 to 1200 lm and particle sizes from 45 to 355 lm, demonstrate that for a given wick thickness, an optimum particle size exists which maximizes the boiling heat transfer coefficient. The tests also show that monoporous sintered wicks are able to support local heat fluxes of greater than 500 W cm 2 without the occurrence of dryout. Additionally, in situ visualization of the wick surfaces during evaporation and boiling allows the thermal performance to be correlated with the observed regimes. It is seen that nucleate boiling from the wick substrate leads to substantially increased performance as compared to evaporation from the liquid free surface at the top of the wick layer. The sharp reduction in overall thermal resistance upon transition to a boiling regime is primarily attributable to the conductive resistance through the saturated wick material being bypassed. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A controlled expansion for certain non-Fermi liquid metals

The destruction of Fermi liquid behavior when a gapless Fermi surface is coupled to a fluctuating gapless boson field is studied theoretically. This problem arises in a number of different contexts in quantum many body physics. Examples include fermions coupled to a fluctuating transverse gauge field pertinent to quantum spin liquid Mott insulators, and quantum critical metals near a Pomeranchuk transition. We develop a new controlled theoretical approach to determining the low energy physics. Our approach relies on combining an expansion in the inverse number (N) of fermion species with a further expansion in the parameter ǫ = zb−2 where zb is the dynamical critical exponent of the boson field. We show how this limit allows a systematic calculation of the universal low energy physics of these problems. The method is illustrated by studying spinon fermi surface spin liquids, and a quantum critical metal at a second order electronic nematic phase transition. We calculate the low energy single particle spectra, and various interesting two particle correlation functions. In some cases deviations from the popular Random Phase Approximation results are found. Some of the same universal singularities are also calculated to leading non-vanishing order using a perturbative renormalization group calculation at small N extending previous results of Nayak and Wilczek. Implications for quantum spin liquids, and for Pomeranchuk transitions are discussed. For quantum critical metals at a nematic transition we show that the tunneling density of states has a power law suppression at low energies.