LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The effects of large-dose propofol on cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation in head-injured patients.

UNLABELLED
In healthy individuals, cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation is preserved or even improved when propofol is infused. We examined the effect of an increase in propofol plasma concentration on pressure autoregulation in 10 head-injured patients. Using target-controlled infusions, the static rate of autoregulation was determined at a moderate (2.3 +/- 0.4 microg/mL) and a large (4.3 +/- 0.04 microg/mL) plasma target concentration of propofol. Using norepinephrine to control cerebral perfusion pressure, transcranial Doppler measurements from the middle cerebral artery were made at a cerebral perfusion pressure of 70 and 85 mm Hg at each propofol concentration. Middle cerebral artery flow velocities at the large propofol concentration were significantly lower than at the moderate concentration, without any concurrent increase in arterio-jugular difference in oxygen content, a finding compatible with maintained flow-metabolism coupling. Despite this, static rate of autoregulation decreased significantly from 54% +/- 36% to 28% +/- 35% (P = 0.029). Our data suggest that after head injury, the cerebrovascular effects of propofol are different from those observed in healthy individuals. We propose that large doses of propofol should be used cautiously in head-injured patients, because there is the potential to increase the injured brain's vulnerability to secondary insults.


IMPLICATIONS
Propofol is used for sedation and control of intracranial pressure in head-injured patients. In contrast to previous data from healthy individuals, we show a deterioration of cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation with fast propofol infusion rates after head injury. Large propofol doses may increase the injured brain's vulnerability to secondary insults.
Poor numeracy skills are associated with glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes.

AIMS
To assess the numeracy and literacy skills of individuals with Type 1 diabetes and determine if there is a relationship with achieved glycaemic control independent of their duration of diabetes, diabetes education, demographic and socio-economic factors.


METHODS
One hundred and twelve patients completed the study (mean current age 43.8 ± 12.5 years, 47% male, mean duration of diabetes 22.0 ± 13.2 years) out of 650 randomly selected patients from the Bournemouth Diabetes and Endocrine Centre's diabetes register. The Skills for Life Initial Assessments were used to measure numeracy and literacy. These indicate skills levels up to level 2, equivalent to the national General Certificate of Secondary Education grades A*-C. HbA(1c) was also measured. Pearson's correlation was used to measure the correlation of numeracy and literacy scores with HbA(1c.) To compare mean HbA(1c) between those with or without level 2 skills, t-tests were used, and multiple linear regression was used to investigate whether any differences were independent of duration of diabetes, diabetes education, demographic and socio-economic factors.


RESULTS
Literacy was not associated with achieved HbA(1c). In contrast, participants with numeracy skills at level 2 or above achieved an HbA(1c) lower than those with numeracy skills below level 2 (P = 0.027). Although higher socio-economic status was associated with lower mean HbA(1c) , the relationship between numeracy and HbA(1c) appeared to be independent of socio-economic factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Low numeracy skills were adversely associated with diabetes control. Assessment of numeracy skills may be relevant to the structure of diabetes education programmes.
Denoising diffusion-weighted magnitude MR images using rank and edge constraints.

PURPOSE
To improve signal-to-noise ratio for diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images.


METHODS
A new method is proposed for denoising diffusion-weighted magnitude images. The proposed method formulates the denoising problem as an maximum a posteriori} estimation problem based on Rician/noncentral χ likelihood models, incorporating an edge prior and a low-rank model. The resulting optimization problem is solved efficiently using a half-quadratic method with an alternating minimization scheme.


RESULTS
The performance of the proposed method has been validated using simulated and experimental data. Diffusion-weighted images and noisy data were simulated based on the diffusion tensor imaging model and Rician/noncentral χ distributions. The simulation study (with known gold standard) shows substantial improvements in single-to-noise ratio and diffusion tensor estimation after denoising. In vivo diffusion imaging data at different b-values were acquired. Based on the experimental data, qualitative improvement in image quality and quantitative improvement in diffusion tensor estimation were demonstrated. Additionally, the proposed method is shown to outperform one of the state-of-the-art nonlocal means-based denoising algorithms, both qualitatively and quantitatively.


CONCLUSION
The single-to-noise ratio of diffusion-weighted images can be effectively improved with rank and edge constraints, resulting in an improvement in diffusion parameter estimation accuracy.
Accelerated large-scale multiple sequence alignment

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a fundamental analysis method used in bioinformatics and many comparative genomic applications. Prior MSA acceleration attempts with reconfigurable computing have only addressed the first stage of progressive alignment and consequently exhibit performance limitations according to Amdahl's Law. This work is the first known to accelerate the third stage of progressive alignment on reconfigurable hardware. We reduce subgroups of aligned sequences into discrete profiles before they are pairwise aligned on the accelerator. Using an FPGA accelerator, an overall speedup of up to 150 has been demonstrated on a large data set when compared to a 2.4 GHz Core2 processor. Our parallel algorithm and architecture accelerates large-scale MSA with reconfigurable computing and allows researchers to solve the larger problems that confront biologists today. Program source is available from http://dna.cs.byu.edu/msa/ .
Tachyonic potential in Bianchi type-I universe

We investigated the effects of a tachyonic field as a source of gravity in a Bianchi type-I metric. A tachyonic potential is constructed in the anisotropic metric and it is observed that a tachyonic field can be a possible candidate to drive the anisotropically expanding universe. The asymptotic nature of the potential is also discussed.
Supporting Scalable Analytics with Latency Constraints

Recently there has been a significant interest in building big data analytics systems that can handle both “big data” and “fast data”. Our work is strongly motivated by recent real-world use cases that point to the need for a general, unified data processing framework to support analytical queries with different latency requirements. Toward this goal, we start with an analysis of existing big data systems to understand the causes of high latency. We then propose an extended architecture with mini-batches as granularity for computation and shuffling, and augment it with new model-driven resource allocation and runtime scheduling techniques to meet user latency requirements while maximizing throughput. Results from real-world workloads show that our techniques, implemented in Incremental Hadoop, reduce its latency from tens of seconds to sub-second, with 2x-5x increase in throughput. Our system also outperforms state-ofthe-art distributed stream systems, Storm and Spark Streaming, by 1-2 orders of magnitude when combining latency and throughput.
How does it really feel to be in my shoes? Patients' experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To understand how patients experience compassion within nursing care and explore their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses.


BACKGROUND
Compassion is a fundamental part of nursing care. Individually, nurses have a duty of care to show compassion; an absence can lead to patients feeling devalued and lacking in emotional support. Despite recent media attention, primary research around patients' experiences and perceptions of compassion in practice and its development in nursing care remains in short supply.


DESIGN
A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach.


METHODS
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 patients in a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic networks were used in analysis.


RESULTS
Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) what is compassion: knowing me and giving me your time, (2) understanding the impact of compassion: how it feels in my shoes and (3) being more compassionate: communication and the essence of nursing.


CONCLUSION
Compassion from nursing staff is broadly aligned with actions of care, which can often take time. However, for some, this element of time needs only be fleeting to establish a compassionate connection. Despite recent calls for the increased focus compassion at all levels in nurse education and training, patient opinion was divided on whether it can be taught or remains a moral virtue. Gaining understanding of the impact of uncompassionate actions presents an opportunity to change both individual and cultural behaviours.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
It comes as a timely reminder that the smallest of nursing actions can convey compassion. Introducing vignettes of real-life situations from the lens of the patient to engage practitioners in collaborative learning in the context of compassionate nursing could offer opportunities for valuable and legitimate professional development.
In the Shadow of David’s Brutus

This essay rereads Jacques-Louis David’s The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789)—long interpreted in terms of revolutionary virtue—in the light of Carl Schmitt’s theories of political foundation and sovereignty. By recovering the early complexity of the figure of Brutus, the essay shows how David’s painting anticipated the constitutional debates of September 1789.
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent

As arti® cial intelligence moves ever closer to the goal of producing fully autonomous agents, the question of how to design and implement an arti® cial moral agent (AMA) becomes increasingly pressing. Robots possessing autonomous capacities to do things that are useful to humans will also have the capacity to do things that are harmful to humans and other sentient beings. Theoretical challenges to developing arti® cial moral agents result both from controversies among ethicists about moral theory itself, and from computational limits to the implementation of such theories. In this paper the ethical disputes are surveyed, the possibility of a `moral Turing Test ' is considered and the computational di culties accompanying the diOE erent types of approach are assessed. Human-like performance, which is prone to include immoral actions, may not be acceptable in machines, but moral perfection may be computationally unattainable. The risks posed by autonomous machines ignorantly or deliberately harming people and other sentient beings are great. The development of machines with enough intelligence to assess the eOE ects of their actions on sentient beings and act accordingly may ultimately be the most important task faced by the designers of arti® cially intelligent automata. 1. Introduction A good web server is a computer that e ciently serves up html code. A good chess program is one that wins chess games. There are some grey areas and fuzzy edges, of course. Is a good chess program one that wins most games or just some ? Against just ordinary competitors or against world class players ? But in one sense of the question, it is quite clear what it means to build a good computer or write a good program. A good one is one that ful® lls the purpose we had in building it. However, if you wanted to build a computer or write a program that is good in a moral sense, that is a good moral agent, it is much less clear what would count as success. Yet as arti® cial intelligence moves ever closer to the goal of producing fully autonomous agents, the question of how to design and implement an arti® cial moral agent becomes increasingly pressing. Robots possessing autonomous capacities to do things that are useful to humans will also have the capacity to do things that are harmful to humans and other sentient beings. How to curb these capacities for harm is …
Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, deep learning has been used extensively in a wide range of fields. In deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks are found to give the most accurate results in solving real world problems. In this paper, we give a comprehensive summary of the applications of CNN in computer vision and natural language processing. We delineate how CNN is used in computer vision, mainly in face recognition, scene labelling, image classification, action recognition, human pose estimation and document analysis. Further, we describe how CNN is used in the field of speech recognition and text classification for natural language processing. We compare CNN with other methods to solve the same problem and explain why CNN is better than other methods. Keywords— Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Computer Vision, Natural Language
Enhancing intentions to attend cervical cancer screening with a stage-matched intervention.

OBJECTIVE
The study evaluated the effects of a pros enhancing intervention on intention to uptake cervical cancer screening. It was hypothesized that the pros enhancement session (compared to an education session) would affect intentions of preintentional women, whereas it was expected to have negligible effects among women in intentional and actional stages of the health action process approach (HAPA). Thus, we tested the HAPA using stage-matched and stage-mismatched interventions. Further, a change in decisional balance was assumed to mediate the relationship between the group assignment and intention, with age acting as the moderator.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Respondents (1,436 women, aged 18-60) were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control condition and filled out questionnaires before and directly after the manipulation (in one web-based session).


RESULTS
Direct effects of the group assignment were observed only among preintentional women. Across the stages, however, change in decisional balance mediated the effects of the group assignment on the intention to uptake screening. Further, among participants in the preintentional stage, this mediation became significant only for women aged 35 or older.


CONCLUSIONS
Although direct effects are in line with stage assumptions of the HAPA, meditational analysis among pre- and post-intentional women indicated that similar processes accounted for post-manipulation intention. Future research testing stage models should account for the mediating processes, which explain the effects of the intervention.
Motivation factors of Blue collar workers verses White collar workers in Herzberg ' s Two Factors theory

Herzberg et al. (1959) developed “Two Factors theory” to focus on working conditions necessary for employees to be motivated. Since Herzberg examined only white collars in his research, this article reviews later studies on motivation factors of blue collar workers verses white collars and suggests some hypothesis for further researches.
Collagen VI regulates peripheral nerve regeneration by modulating macrophage recruitment and polarization

Macrophages contribute to peripheral nerve regeneration and produce collagen VI, an extracellular matrix protein involved in nerve function. Here, we show that collagen VI is critical for macrophage migration and polarization during peripheral nerve regeneration. Nerve injury induces a robust upregulation of collagen VI, whereas lack of collagen VI in Col6a1 −/− mice delays peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro studies demonstrated that collagen VI promotes macrophage migration and polarization via AKT and PKA pathways. Col6a1 −/− macrophages exhibit impaired migration abilities and reduced antiinflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization, but are prone to skewing toward the proinflammatory (M1) phenotype. In vivo, macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization are impaired in Col6a1 −/− mice after nerve injury. The delayed nerve regeneration of Col6a1 −/− mice is induced by macrophage deficits and rejuvenated by transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells. These results identify collagen VI as a novel regulator for peripheral nerve regeneration by modulating macrophage function.
Expression and adhesive properties of basement membrane proteins in cerebral capillary endothelial cell cultures

Previous studies have indicated the importance of basement membrane components both for cellular differentiation in general and for the barrier properties of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in particular. Therefore, we have examined the expression of basement membrane proteins in primary capillary endothelial cell cultures from adult porcine brain. By indirect immunofluorescence, we could detect type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin both in vivo (basal lamina of cerebral capillaries) and in vitro (primary culture of cerebral capillary endothelial cells). In culture, these proteins were secreted at the subcellular matrix. Moreover, the interaction between basement membrane constituents and cerebral capillary endothelial cells was studied in adhesion assays. Type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin proved to be good adhesive substrata for these cells. Although the number of adherent cells did not differ significantly between the individual proteins, spreading on fibronectin was more pronounced than on type IV collagen or laminin. Our results suggest that type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin are not only major components of the cerebral microvascular basal lamina, but also assemble into a protein network, which resembles basement membrane, in cerebral capillary endothelial cell cultures.
TOWARDS LEGGED AMPHIBIOUS MOBILE ROBOTICS

New areas of research focus on bridging the gap between mobile robotics on land and at sea. This paper describes the evolution of RHex, a power-autonomous legged land-based robot, into one capable of both sea and land-based locomotion. In working towards an amphibious robot, three versions of RHex with increasing levels of aquatic capability were created. While all three platforms share the same underlying software, electronic and mechanical architectures, varying emphasis on aspects of similar design criteria resulted in the development of varied platforms with increasing ability of amphibious navigation.
The Effect of Reflexology on the Pain-Insomnia-Fatigue Disturbance Cluster of Breast Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Radiation Therapy.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of reflexology treatment on quality of life, sleep disturbances, and fatigue in breast cancer patients during radiation therapy.


METHODS/SUBJECTS
A total of 72 women with breast cancer (stages 1-3) scheduled for radiation therapy were recruited.


DESIGN
Women were allocated upon their preference either to the group receiving reflexology treatments once a week concurrently with radiotherapy and continued for 10 weeks or to the control group (usual care).


OUTCOME MEASURES
The Lee Fatigue Scale, General Sleep Disturbance Scale, and Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale Cancer were completed by each patient in both arms at the beginning of the radiation treatment, after 5 weeks, and after 10 weeks of reflexology treatment.


RESULTS
The final analysis included 58 women. The reflexology treated group demonstrated statistically significant lower levels of fatigue after 5 weeks of radiation therapy (p < 0.001), compared to the control group. It was also detected that although the quality of life in the control group deteriorated after 5 and 10 weeks of radiation therapy (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), it was preserved in the reflexology group, which also demonstrated a significant improvement in the quality of sleep after 10 weeks of radiation treatment (p < 0.05). Similar patterns were obtained in the assessment of the pain levels experienced by the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study indicate that reflexology may have a positive effect on fatigue, quality of sleep, pain, and quality of life in breast cancer patients during radiation therapy. Reflexology prevented the decline in quality of life and significantly ameliorated the fatigue and quality of sleep of these patients. An encouraging trend was also noted in amelioration of pain levels.
Praxiological Inquiries of Theorizing

It seems that social scientists somehow understand their papers despite the fact that it is impossible to decide “clear” relation between them and what is called methodological criteria. Accordingly, in this paper, theory is addressed not as something to be improved, but as phenomena embedded in our work of writing and reading within those situations where they are done. Two features -‘sign reading practice’ and ‘impression of rationality’- are examined as ways to achieve making sense of [purported] SCIENCE. It is concluded that theorizing activities are never isolated from our everyday work.
Visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of headache before 5 years of age

Headache is a common complaint in children. Diagnosis of the type of headache and therapeutic approach is predominantly clinical based on a detailed history and physical examination. These data are often not available or informative in young children with headache, leading clinicians to look for diagnostic studies. We reviewed our experience with 53 children under the age of 5 years with headache. Of these, 42 (75%) children underwent neuro-imaging studies including CT scan (32 cases), MRI (10 cases), or both studies (6 cases). All were within normal limits except for two cases with a small arachnoid cyst and cerebellar hypoplasia respectively which were not directly related to the headache. Visual evoked potentials were performed in all children. There were no significant differences between the mean latencies of N1P100 and N2 of the children with clinically diagnosed migraine, however, the P100-N2 amplitudes of children with migraine were significantly larger compared to those of children without migraine. Even in young children with headache, neuro-imaging studies have a very limited diagnostic value. Visual evoked potentials may also be used in this age group as a diagnostic tool, particularly when clinical symptoms are either unavailable or not characteristic. Conclusion The diagnosis of migraine in young children remains clinical, based on history obtained from children and parents; however, visual evoked potentials may support the diagnosis in this age group.
Open-Domain Semantic Parsing with Boxer

Boxer is a semantic parser for English texts with many input and output possibilities, and various ways to perform meaning analysis based on Discourse Representation Theory. This involves the various ways that meaning representations can be computed, as well as their possible semantic ingredients.