LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Sexual behaviour and HIV infection in black-Africans in England: results from the Mayisha II survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles.

OBJECTIVES
To estimate HIV prevalence and the distribution of high risk sexual behaviours, sexual health service use, and HIV testing among black Africans aged 16 years or over in England. To determine demographic, behavioural and service use factors associated with HIV prevalence.


METHODS
A cross-sectional community-based survey (Mayisha II) in London, Luton and the West Midlands. A short (24-item) anonymous self-completion questionnaire with linked voluntary anonymous oral fluid sampling, using an Orasure device for HIV testing.


RESULTS
A total of 1359 eligible black African men (51.9%) and women (48.1%) were recruited, of whom 74% (1006) provided a sufficient oral fluid sample for HIV testing. 42.9% of men and 50.9% of women reported ever having had an HIV test. Overall, 14.0% (141, 95% CI 11.9 to 16.3) of respondents tested HIV positive (13.1% of men and 15.0% of women); 9.2% (93) had undiagnosed HIV infection, while 4.8% (48) had a diagnosed HIV infection. HIV prevalence was significantly higher in men: born in East Africa; who had had a previous STI diagnosis; or who were recruited in bars and clubs; and in women: born in East or Southern Africa; aged 25 years and over; who had had two new sexual partners in the past 12 months; or who had had a previous STI diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite about half the sample having had an HIV test at some time in the past, 9.2% of respondents had an undiagnosed HIV infection. This study supports current policy efforts to further promote HIV testing and serostatus awareness.
A Quantitative Approach to Triaging in Mobile Forensics

Forensic study of mobile devices is a relatively new field, dating from the early 2000s. The proliferation of phones (particularly smart phones) on the consumer market has caused a growing demand for forensic examination of the devices, which could not be met by existing Computer Forensics techniques. As a matter of fact, Law enforcement are much more likely to encounter a suspect with a mobile device in his possession than a PC or laptop and so the growth of demand for analysis of mobiles has increased exponentially in the last decade. Early investigations, moreover, consisted of live analysis of mobile devices by examining phone contents directly via the screen and photographing it with the risk of modifying the device content, as well as leaving many parts of the proprietary operating system inaccessible. The recent development of Mobile Forensics, a branch of Digital Forensics, is the answer to the demand of forensically sound examination procedures of gathering, retrieving, identifying, storing and documenting evidence of any digital device that has both internal memory and communication ability [1]. Over time commercial tools appeared which allowed analysts to recover phone content with minimal interference and examine it separately. By means of such toolkits, moreover, it is now possible to think of a new approach to Mobile Forensics which takes also advantage of "Data Mining" and "Machine Learning" theory. This paper is the result of study concerning cell phones classification in a real case of pedophilia. Based on Mobile Forensics "Triaging" concept and the adoption of self-knowledge algorithms for classifying mobile devices, we focused our attention on a viable way to predict phone usage's classifications. Based on a set of real sized phones, the research has been extensively discussed with Italian law enforcement cyber crime specialists in order to find a viable methodology to determine the likelihood that a mobile phone has been used to commit the specific crime of pedophilia, which could be very relevant during a forensic investigation.
A Combined System for Update Logic and Belief Revision

In this paper we propose a logical system combining the update logic of A. Baltag, L. Moss and S. Solecki (to which we will refer to by the generic term BMS, [BMS04]) with the belief revision theory as conceived by C. Alchouròn, P. Gärdenfors and D. Mackinson (that we will call the AGM theory, [GardRott95]) viewed from the point of view of W. Spohn ([Spohn90,Spohn88]). We also give a proof system and a comparison with the AGM postulates. Introduction and Motivation: Update logic is a modal logic trying to model epistemic situations involving several agents, and changes that can occur in these situations due to incoming information or more generally incoming action. Belief revision theory typically deals with changes (revisions) that a database representing a belief state of a unique agent must undergo after adding conflicting information to the database. Roughly speaking, these two theories thus deal with the same kind of phenomenon. However, there are some dissimilarities. On the one hand, belief revision theory is not a logic and it deals with a single agent, unlike update logic. On the other hand, belief revision theory deals with revision (and expansion) of information unlike update logic which deals only with expansion of information. Far from being in contradiction, it seems then that these theories have a lot to give each other. So it makes sense to look for a way in which they can be merged. In Sect. 1, we will set out the BMS theory and the AGM theory viewed from the point of view of W. Spohn. In Sect. 2 we will propose a system combining these two theories. In Sect. 3, we will give an axiomatization of it with a soundness and completeness proof. In Sect. 4, we will show that it fulfills the 8 AGM postulates. 1 Update Logic and Belief Revision Theory
Pathogenic variability within race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its implications for common bean breeding.

The wide pathogenic variability among and within races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum has complicated the process of obtaining cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris that are resistant to anthracnose. Six isolates were inoculated into twelve differential cultivars and seven commercial cultivars of the common bean at concentrations in the range 102 to 106 spores mL-1. Information concerning the vertical and horizontal resistance of hosts and the virulence of isolates was obtained from diallel analysis. It was clear that the set of differential cultivars recommended for the determination of races of C. lindemuthianum is inefficient in detecting differences within race 65, and it is suggested that new sources of resistance should be identified and added to the cultivar set. There were significant differences in the virulence of isolates from race 65, with isolates CL 837 and CL 844 being the most virulence. No horizontal resistance was detected in the C. lindemuthianum-common bean system.
Effect of antispasmodic agents, alone or in combination, in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habit.


AIMS
To determine the clinical effectiveness of the antispasmodic agents available in Mexico for the treatment of IBS.


METHODS
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials on antispasmodic agents for IBS treatment. Clinical trials identified from January 1960 to May 2011 were searched for in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Treatment response was evaluated by global improvement of symptoms or abdominal pain, abdominal distention/bloating, and frequency of adverse events. The effect of antispasmodics vs placebo was expressed in OR and 95% CI.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies were identified, 23 of which fulfilled inclusion criteria. The studied agents were pinaverium bromide, mebeverine, otilonium, trimebutine, alverine, hyoscine, alverine/simethicone, pinaverium/simethicone, fenoverine, and dicyclomine. A total of 2585 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Global improvement was 1.55 (CI 95%: 1.33 to 1.83). Otilonium and the alverine/simethicone combination produced significant values in global improvement while the pinaverium/simethicone combination showed improvement in bloating. As for pain, 2394 patients were included with an OR of 1.52 (IC 95%: 1.28 a 1.80), favoring antispasmodics.


CONCLUSIONS
Antispasmodics were more effective than placebo in IBS, without any significant adverse events. The addition of simethicone improved the properties of the antispasmodic agents, as seen with the alverine/simethicone and pinaverium/simethicone combinations.
Serum lipid responses to phytosterol-enriched milk in a moderate hypercholesterolemic population is not affected by apolipoprotein E polymorphism or diameter of low-density lipoprotein particles

Background/Objectives:The importance of both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) size and the apolipoprotein E (Apo E) in the atherogenic process is known, but there is little information with regard to the effect of phytosterols (PS) on these parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PS on lipid profile and LDLc size according to Apo E genotype.Subjects/Methods:This was a randomized parallel trial employing 75 mild-hypercholesterolemic subjects and consisting of two 3-month intervention phases. After 3 months of receiving a standard healthy diet, subjects were divided into two intervention groups: a diet group (n=34) and a diet+PS group (n=41) that received 2 g/day of PS. Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols, LDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), non-HDLc, Apo A–I and B-100, LDLc size and Apo E genotype were determined.Results:Patients receiving PS exhibited a significant decrease in TC (5.1%), LDLc (8.1%), non-HDLc (7.4%) and Apo B-100/Apo A–I ratio (7.7%), but these effects did not depend on Apo E genotype. No significant changes were found in lipid profile according to Apo E genotype when patients following dietary recommendations were considered as a whole population or separately. No variations in LDLc size were observed in any of the intervention groups.Conclusion:The results of this study show that Apo E genotype does not have an impact on the lipid response to PS as a cholesterol-lowering agent in mild-hypercholesterolemic patients. Furthermore, the evidence obtained confirms that LDLc particle size is not modified when PS are added to a standard healthy diet.
Induced-Partial Saturation for Liquefaction Mitigation: Experimental Investigation

The technical feasibility of a new liquefaction mitigation technique is investigated by introducing small amounts of gas/air into liquefaction-susceptible soils. To explore this potential beneficial effect, partially saturated sand specimens were prepared and tested under cyclic shear strain controlled tests. A special flexible liquefaction box was designed and manufactured that allowed preparation and testing of large loose sand specimens under applied simple shear. Partial saturation was induced in various specimens by electrolysis and alternatively by drainage-recharge of the pore water. Using a shaking table, cyclic shear strain controlled tests were performed on fully and partially saturated loose sand specimens to determine the effect of partial saturation on the generation of excess pore water pressure. In addition, the use of cross-well radar in detecting partial saturation was explored. Finally, a setup of a deep sand column was prepared and the long-term sustainability of air entrapped in the voids of the sand was investigated. The results show that partial saturation can be achieved by gas generation using electrolysis or by drainage-recharge of the pore water without influencing the void ratio of the specimen. The results from cyclic tests demonstrate that a small reduction in the degree of saturation can prevent the occurrence of initial liquefaction. In all of the partially saturated specimens tested, the maximum excess pore pressure ratios ranged between 0.43 and 0.72. Also, the cross-well radar technique was able to detect changes in the degree of saturation when gases were generated in the specimen. Finally, monitoring the degree of partial saturation in a 151 cm long sand column led to the observation that after 442 days, the original degree of saturation of 82.9% increased only to 83.9%, indicating little tendency of diffusion of the entrapped air out of the specimen. The research reported in this paper demonstrated that induced-partial saturation in sands can prevent liquefaction, and the technique holds promise for use as a liquefaction mitigation measure. DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE 1090-0241 2007 133:4 372 CE Database subject headings: Liquefaction; Saturation; Drainage; Shake table tests; Radar.
Design of multi-beam holographic leaky-wave antenna with one/two-dimension frequency sweep

We propose a method to design the holographic leaky-wave antenna composed of the artificial impedance surface, which can radiate the multi-beam with frequency scanning in one-dimension or in two-dimension space. Two samples corresponding to different characteristics of the frequency sweep are simulated to show the validity of our design.
Potassium handling with dual renin-angiotensin system inhibition in diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are the cornerstones of pharmacologic therapy in diabetic nephropathy. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers reduce proteinuria as single agents or add-on therapy to other renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-inhibiting drugs in these patients. The long-term benefits and ultimate role of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers in diabetic nephropathy remain unknown. A clinical trial previously showed that the kalemic effect of spironolactone is higher than losartan when added to lisinopril in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate if renal potassium handling was primarily responsible for that observation.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
In a blinded, randomized, three-arm placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 participants with diabetic nephropathy taking lisinopril (80 mg) were randomized to spironolactone (25 mg daily), losartan (100 mg daily), or placebo (trial dates from July of 2003 to December of 2006). Serum potassium, aldosterone, and 24-hour urine sodium, potassium, and creatinine were measured over 48 weeks. Differences were analyzed with repeated measures mixed models.


RESULTS
Mean follow-up serum potassium was 5.0 mEq/L for spironolactone, 4.7 mEq/L for losartan (P=0.05 versus spironolactone), and 4.5 mEq/L for placebo (P<0.001 versus spironolactone; P=0.03 versus losartan). The difference in serum potassium was 0.23 mEq/L for losartan versus placebo (P=0.02), 0.43 mEq/L for spironolactone versus placebo (P<0.001), and 0.2 mEq/L for spironolactone versus losartan (P=0.05). Serum and urine potassium excretion and secretion rates were similar between groups throughout the study.


CONCLUSION
Spironolactone raised serum potassium more than losartan in patients with diabetic nephropathy receiving lisinopril, despite similar renal sodium and potassium excretion. This finding suggests that extrarenal potassium homeostasis contributes to hyperkalemia in these patients. A better understanding of extrarenal potassium homeostasis will provide an opportunity to use this drug more safely in patients with diabetic nephropathy as well as other patient populations.
ORTHOGONALITY AND IRRATIONALITY

The fairly recent proofs of the irrationality of $\log 2, \pi^2, \zeta(3)$ and various values of polylogarithms are re-examined by using a particular family of orthogonal forms. This allows us to give a uniform and arguably more natural treatment of these results.
High-contrast en bloc staining of neuronal tissue for field emission scanning electron microscopy

Conventional heavy metal poststaining methods on thin sections lend contrast but often cause contamination. To avoid this problem, we tested several en bloc staining techniques to contrast tissue in serial sections mounted on solid substrates for examination by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Because FESEM section imaging requires that specimens have higher contrast and greater electrical conductivity than transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples, our technique uses osmium impregnation (OTO) to make the samples conductive while heavily staining membranes for segmentation studies. Combining this step with other classic heavy metal en bloc stains, including uranyl acetate (UA), lead aspartate, copper sulfate and lead citrate, produced clean, highly contrasted TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) samples of insect, fish and mammalian nervous systems. This protocol takes 7–15 d to prepare resin-embedded tissue, cut sections and produce serial section images.
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED SQUARE SLOT ANTENNA

Bandwidth enhancement technique of circularly polarized square slot antenna is presented in this paper. A square slot antenna with the components of L-probe separated could achieve an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 33.84%. Placing Stubs in the slot by studying the electric field behaviour could enhance the AR bandwidth by around 10%. Creating an L-shaped slot on the ground plane, where the electric field rotates in the desired clockwise direction, can further enhance the bandwidth by 7%. A < −10 dB S11 bandwidth of 46.15% and < 3 dB AR bandwidth of 50.35% could be achieved with the present design. Unidirectional patters are obtained by having a cavity at the wide slot of the antenna and shows a measured bandwidth of 41.79% in S11 and 44.97% in AR. Both antennas show a cross polarization discrimination of more than 15 dB on a wide azimuth range. The measured results well comply with the simulated results.
Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Agents and Chronic Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
In the last decade there has been an increasing use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents in the elderly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between exposure to anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy and chronic subdural haematoma-CSDH.


METHODS
Single institution case-control study involving 138786 patients older than 60 years who visited our academic tertiary care Emergency Department from January 1st 2001 to December 31st 2010. 345 patients with CSDH (cases) were identified by review of ICD-9 codes 432.1 and 852.2x. Case and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio for gender, age (± 5 years), year of admission and recent trauma. A conditional logistic model was built. A stratified analysis was performed with respect to the presence (842 patients) or absence (536 patients) of recent trauma.


RESULTS
There were 345 cases and 1035 controls. Both anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents were associated with an increased risk of CSDH with an OR of 2.46 (CI 95% 1.66-3.64) and 1.42 (CI 95% 1.07-1.89), respectively. OR was 2.70 (CI 95% 1.75-4.15), 1.90 (CI 95% 1.13-3.20), and 1.37(CI 95% 0.99-1.90) for patients receiving oral anticoagulants, ADP-antagonists, or Cox-inhibitors, respectively. History of recent trauma was an effect modifier of the association between anticoagulants and CSDH, with an OR 1.71 (CI 95% 0.99-2.96) for patients with history of trauma and 4.30 (CI 95% 2.23-8.32) for patients without history of trauma.


CONCLUSIONS
Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy have a significant association with an increased risk of CSDH. This association, for patients under anticoagulant therapy, appears even stronger in those patients who develop a CSDH in the absence of a recent trauma.
Mapping the critical links between organizational culture and TQM / Six Sigma practices

This study investigates how organizational culture influences the implementation of different practices incorporated in the recent Six Sigma approach as well as those associated with traditional total quality management (TQM). We employed the competing values framework to capture the underlying value orientations of organizational culture. Using survey data collected from 226 US manufacturing plants, the relationships between four culture types and 10 TQM/Six Sigma practices were examined via the structural equation modeling technique. The results reveal the differential effects of the culture types on the implementation of TQM/Six Sigma practices. The implications of the links between different cultures and different TQM/Six Sigma practices are discussed. While the relationship between TQM practices and culture has been the subject of prior research, this is the first look at the relationship between organizational culture and a comprehensive set of quality management practices including the new Six Sigma practices. The understanding of the advantage of each culture type should help managers achieve effective implementation of TQM/Six Sigma practices from a holistic perspective of both quality management and culture. & 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of Psoriasis on Quality of Life: Relationship between Clinical Response to Therapy and Change in Health-related Quality of Life.

BACKGROUND
Psoriasis exerts significant, negative, impact on patients' quality of life (QOL). Recently, the relationship between QOL and skin lesion improvement has been emphasized in the treatment of psoriasis patients.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of study was to compare the QOL in psoriasis and other skin diseases, and to evaluate the generic QOL, skin specific QOL, stress, depression and anxiety before and after treatment in patients.


METHODS
A total of 138 patients with psoriasis were recruited in this study and 83 patients complete the questionnaire at week 16. Questionnaires were comprised of generic WHO QOL scale, dermatology specific questionnaires (Skindex-29), psoriasis life stress inventory (PLSI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Clinical response was assessed by the PASI.


RESULTS
After treatment, health-related QOL was improved and PASI improvement showed smaller correlation with Skindex-29, compared with the correlations between self-reported severity score (SRSS) improvement and Skindex-29. Regression analysis revealed that duration, SRSS, stress, and depression were factors affecting baseline HRQOL in patients, and age, duration, and SRSS were predictors associated with HTQOL score changes.


CONCLUSION
Treatment improved HRQOL, BAI, BDI, and PLSI scores. Psoriasis may become more burdensome in groups of patients who suffer long disease duration, high SRSS, depression, and stressful environments.
An incentive mechanism with privacy protection in mobile crowdsourcing systems

In order to improve the efficiency and utility of mobile crowdsourcing systems, this paper proposes an incentive mechanism with privacy protection in mobile crowdsourcing systems. Combining the advantages of offline incentive mechanisms and online incentive mechanisms, this paper proposes an incentive mechanism that selects the worker candidates statically, and then dynamically selects winners after bidding. The proposed incentive mechanism includes two algorithms which are an improved two-stage auction algorithm (ITA) and a truthful online reputation updating algorithm (TORU). Through simulations, we verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed incentive mechanism, which can solve the freeriding problem and improve the efficiency and utility of mobile crowdsourcing systems effectively. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.