LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
First IAS/SEPM Meeting on Environmental Sedimentology, Venice 27-29 October 1997 Environmental Sedimentology in the Coastal Zone: Fluvial Processes, Sea-Level Changes, Coastal Erosion, Sea-Floor Instability, and Pollution

ABSTRACT The First IAS/SEPM Meeting on Environmental Sedimentology focused on the coastal zone, which is influenced by fluvial processes, relative sea-level changes, coastal erosion, sea-floor instability, and pollution. In five specialized workshops and in plenary sessions the state-of-the-art in research and implementation was presented, and future needs were discussed. Although each workshop defined specific research needs for its own field, many objectives were revealed to be in common. Furthermore, these objectives concern not only the coastal zone but also environmental sedimentology (and geology) in general. As the human pressure on the natural environment increases and natural hazards become more frequent, environmental sedimentology plays an ever more important role in the evaluation and mitigation of environmental problems and conflicts. Key points of agreement were: Students must be prepared for research and jobs in environmental sedimentology. Their curriculum must include basic science and basic geology, but should also be relevant to actual environmental problems where sedimentological research can find an answer. On the other hand, sedimentology should be taught to engineers, land planners, and other professionals concerned with environmental issues. There is a great need for more detailed data in a narrower framework of space and time. High-resolution monitoring of sedimentological and geochemical processes is necessary in order to quantify and model future developments, and in order to recommend the correct measures to be taken. Interdisciplinary research is important to make the best use of the existing technology and methodology, and in order to develop new research directions. Good research can greatly improve the quality of the natural environment and human life, and, in many cases, also save money on the longer term. Communication with related environmental sciences, planners and managers, members of industry, policy and decision makers, and the general public must be improved. Funding will increasingly be related to remediation projects and environmental impact studies. The remediation of Venice Lagoon is a good example of a multidisciplinary project that involves sedimentologists and sedimentary geologists. Environmental sedimentology offers much expertise, but is not yet well known as an important subdiscipline of geology that deals with human-induced processes and their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Scientists, policy makers, and the general public must be better informed of the extent to which environmental sedimentology is relevant. IAS and SEPM will establish a Committee on Environmental Sedimentology, which will define priorities and strategies concerning the above-mentioned issues. Follow-up meetings on environmental sedimentology will be organized.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the vertebral aponeurosis part of the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

There is significant paucity in the literature regarding vertebral aponeurosis. We were able to find only a few descriptions of this specific fascia in the extant medical literature. To elucidate further the anatomy of this structure, forty adult human cadavers were dissected. Both quantitation and anatomical observations were made of the vertebral aponeurosis. The vertebral aponeurosis was identified in 100% of specimens. This fascia was identified as a thin fibrous layer consisting of longitudinal and transverse connective tissue fibers blended together deep to the latissimus dorsi muscle. It attached medially to the spinous processes of the of the thoracic vertebrae; laterally to the angles of ribs; inferiorly to the fascia covering the serratus posterior inferior muscle (superficial lamina of the posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia); superiorly it ran deep to the serratus posterior superior and splenius capitis muscles to blend with the deep fascia of the neck. At the level of the serratus posterior inferior muscle, the vertebral aponeurosis fused to form a continuous layer descending toward the sacrotuberous ligament covering the erector spinae muscle. Morphometrically, the mean length of the vertebral aponeurosis was 38 cm and the mean width was 24 cm. The mean thickness was three mm. There was no significant difference between left and right sides, gender or age with regard to vertebral aponeurosis length, width, or thickness (P > 0.05). During manual tension of the vertebral aponeurosis, the tensile force necessary for failure had a mean of 38.7 N. In all specimens, the vertebral aponeurosis was capable of holding sutures placed through its substance. We hope that these data will be of use for descriptive purposes and may potentially add to our understanding of the biomechanics involved in movements of the back. As back pain is perhaps the most common reason patients visit their physicians, additional knowledge of this anatomical region is important.
Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE
Sleep disturbances are most prevalent among older adults and often go untreated. Treatment options for sleep disturbances remain limited, and there is a need for community-accessible programs that can improve sleep.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of a mind-body medicine intervention, called mindfulness meditation, to promote sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep disturbances.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel groups conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2012, at a medical research center among an older adult sample (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [7.4] years) with moderate sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] >5).


INTERVENTIONS
A standardized mindful awareness practices (MAPs) intervention (n = 24) or a sleep hygiene education (SHE) intervention (n = 25) was randomized to participants, who received a 6-week intervention (2 hours per week) with assigned homework.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The study was powered to detect between-group differences in moderate sleep disturbance measured via the PSQI at postintervention. Secondary outcomes pertained to sleep-related daytime impairment and included validated measures of insomnia symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue, as well as inflammatory signaling via nuclear factor (NF)-κB.


RESULTS
Using an intent-to-treat analysis, participants in the MAPs group showed significant improvement relative to those in the SHE group on the PSQI. With the MAPs intervention, the mean (SD) PSQIs were 10.2 (1.7) at baseline and 7.4 (1.9) at postintervention. With the SHE intervention, the mean (SD) PSQIs were 10.2 (1.8) at baseline and 9.1 (2.0) at postintervention. The between-group mean difference was 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6-2.9), with an effect size of 0.89. The MAPs group showed significant improvement relative to the SHE group on secondary health outcomes of insomnia symptoms, depression symptoms, fatigue interference, and fatigue severity (P < .05 for all). Between-group differences were not observed for anxiety, stress, or NF-κB, although NF-κB concentrations significantly declined over time in both groups (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The use of a community-accessible MAPs intervention resulted in improvements in sleep quality at immediate postintervention, which was superior to a highly structured SHE intervention. Formalized mindfulness-based interventions have clinical importance by possibly serving to remediate sleep problems among older adults in the short term, and this effect appears to carry over into reducing sleep-related daytime impairment that has implications for quality of life.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01534338.
Management of peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex tears in the ulnar positive patient: arthroscopic repair versus ulnar shortening osteotomy.

PURPOSE
One pattern of injury to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a traumatic peripheral tear located at the ulnar end of the TFCC. Since 1989, this specific injury has been classified as a Palmer type 1B lesion. Various treatment options have been described for 1B injuries, yet when there is coexistent ulnar positive variance, it can make the choice of treatment difficult. The purpose of this article is to help the surgeon decide how to treat type 1B lesions in ulnar positive patients by directly comparing arthroscopic repair (repair) to ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO). The null hypothesis was that repair and USO would provide equivalent postoperative improvement with regard to motion; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; visual analog scale (VAS) score; and grip strength.


METHODS
We tested our hypothesis by retrospectively reviewing prospectively collected data from 51 patients treated surgically between 2000 and 2006 with type 1B tears in the setting of ulnar positive variance. Of these 51 patients, 27 were treated with arthroscopic repair and 24 with USO. All patients were evaluated before surgery as well as at final follow-up for active range of motion measurements, grip strength, DASH score, and VAS score. Radiographs were taken of all patients before surgery to confirm the presence of ulnar positive variance, and after surgery in the USO group to evaluate for bony union.


RESULTS
At the final follow-up, we found no statistically significant difference between the repair and USO groups with regard to flexion, extension, pronation, supination, radial deviation, or ulnar deviation. Likewise, there was no significant difference in grip strength, DASH scores, or VAS scores. When analyzing each cohort individually, both groups improved significantly after surgery with regard to DASH score, VAS score, and wrist extension. There was also a trend toward improved motion in all other directions except for an insignificant decrease in postoperative pronation in the repair group. Two patients in the USO group required additional surgery, with one revision performed for nonunion and one for painful hardware, which caused extensor carpi ulnaris tendonitis.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study suggest that type 1B TFCC tears in the ulnar positive patient can be managed equivalently well with repair or USO.


TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic III.
Different use of medical terminology and culture-specific models of disease affecting communication between Xhosaspeaking patients and English-speaking doctors at a South African paediatric teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND
Language and cultural differences between patients and health care providers may have adverse health consequences. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital is a paediatric teaching hospital in Cape Town where staff communicate mainly in English or Afrikaans, while many patients speak Xhosa as their first language.


OBJECTIVES
To examine whether differences in the definitions of common respiratory medical terminology by patients and doctors cause miscommunication and to explore culture-specific models if used by parents in their definitions.


DESIGN
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three speech communities, viz. 8 English-speaking doctors and 33 Xhosa-speaking parents, educated to grade 12 level or less and recruited from two areas in the hospital, the short-stay ward (Xhosa s-s) and the allergy clinic (Xhosa allergy). The sum of both groups of Xhosa-speaking patients are referred to as 'Xhosa all'. Definitions were elicited for common respiratory terminology in both Xhosa and English. Contrastive linguistic analysis was used to identify the semantic properties for each group in order to condense the groups' definitions into representative 'core definitions'. Differences in the definitions of terminology were identified and words were classified as concordant (used in the same way) or discordant (used in different ways) by the three speech communities.


RESULTS
Parents experience difficulty in understanding terms used by doctors and words in common use were understood differently by these two groups. Most Xhosa words were not in the doctors' vocabulary, and some common English words were not in the parents' vocabulary. Where words were in the vocabulary of both groups, significant differences existed in the number and range of definitions, with many clinically significant discordances of definition being apparent. Some common examples relevant to paediatric respiratory problems are presented. Three culture-specific explanatory models of respiratory illness, ingqele, xakaxa and idliso, are illustrated.
Contributions to High-Performance Big Data Computing

Our project is at Interface Big Data and HPC -High-Performance Big Data computing and this paper describes a collaboration between 7 collaborating Universities at Arizona State, Indiana (lead), Kansas, Rutgers, Stony Brook, Virginia Tech, and Utah. It addresses the intersection of High-performance and Big Data computing with several different application areas or communities driving the requirements for software systems and algorithms. We describe the base architecture including the HPC-ABDS, High-Performance Computing enhanced Apache Big Data Stack, and an application use case study identifying key features that determine software and algorithm requirements. We summarize middleware including Harp-DAAL collective communication layer, Twister2 Big Data toolkit and pilot jobs. Then we present the SPIDAL Scalable Parallel Interoperable Data Analytics Library and our work for it in core machine-learning, image processing and the application communities, Network science, Polar Science, Biomolecular Simulations, Pathology and Spatial systems. We describe basic algorithms and their integration in end-to-end use cases. ​1​ Introduction and Motivation
Prediction error estimation: a comparison of resampling methods

MOTIVATION
In genomic studies, thousands of features are collected on relatively few samples. One of the goals of these studies is to build classifiers to predict the outcome of future observations. There are three inherent steps to this process: feature selection, model selection and prediction assessment. With a focus on prediction assessment, we compare several methods for estimating the 'true' prediction error of a prediction model in the presence of feature selection.


RESULTS
For small studies where features are selected from thousands of candidates, the resubstitution and simple split-sample estimates are seriously biased. In these small samples, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), 10-fold cross-validation (CV) and the .632+ bootstrap have the smallest bias for diagonal discriminant analysis, nearest neighbor and classification trees. LOOCV and 10-fold CV have the smallest bias for linear discriminant analysis. Additionally, LOOCV, 5- and 10-fold CV, and the .632+ bootstrap have the lowest mean square error. The .632+ bootstrap is quite biased in small sample sizes with strong signal-to-noise ratios. Differences in performance among resampling methods are reduced as the number of specimens available increase.


SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
A complete compilation of results and R code for simulations and analyses are available in Molinaro et al. (2005) (http://linus.nci.nih.gov/brb/TechReport.htm).
Biological foundations of language: clues from sign language.

The general objective of the research reviewed here is to examine the biological foundations of human language. We report on language and its formal architecture, as well as its representation in the brain, through studying languages that have arisen outside of the mainstream of spoken languages; the visual gestural systems developed among deaf people. The study of sign languages offers a unique opportunity for insight into the nature of neural mechanisms for language, since sign languages utilize a transmission modality different from that of spoken languages. To understand the extent to which neural mechanisms for language are shaped by the modality of their implementation, we are naturally led to the study of sign language because we cannot solve the problem for language in general within the spoken-auditory modality. In these studies, one can make use of the difference in transmission modality between sign and speech to investigate the biological foundations of language. Manual communi-
Effect of rehabilitation and botulinum toxin injection on gait in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin injections are used to treat spasticity in stroke. Although this treatment is effective on muscle tone, its effect on functional gait-related activities remains uncertain.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effect of a self-rehabilitation programme as an adjunct to botulinum toxin injections on gait-related activities in patients with chronic hemiparesis.


METHODS
Thirty-five outpatients were included. Each patient was randomized to 1 of 2 groups: botulinum toxin + standardized self-rehabilitation programme (R group, n = 19) or botulinum toxin alone (C group, n = 16). Each patient was evaluated with the following tests before botulinum toxin injections and one month afterwards: 10-m timed walk, Timed Up and Go, distance covered in 6 min over an ecological circuit, and the stair test.


RESULTS
There were significant improvements in the R group compared with the C group: maximal gait speed improved by 8% (p = 0.003); distance covered in 6 min over an ecological circuit increased by 7.1% (p = 0.01); and time to ascend and to descend a flight of stairs decreased by 9.8% (p = 0.003) and 6.6% (p = 0.009), respectively. The self-rehabilitation programme was well tolerated and safe.


CONCLUSION
These results strongly suggest that a standardized self-rehabilitation programme constitutes a useful adjunct to botulinum toxin injections in order to improve gait-related activities.
Unconditional Security by the Laws of Classical Physics

There is an ongoing debate about the fundamental security of existing quantum key exchange schemes. This debate indicates not only that there is a problem with security but also that the meanings of perfect, imperfect, conditional and unconditional (information theoretic) security in physically secure key exchange schemes are often misunderstood. It has been shown recently that the use of two pairs of resistors with enhanced Johnsonnoise and a Kirchhoff-loop ‒ i.e., a Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) protocol ‒ for secure key distribution leads to information theoretic security levels superior to those of today’s quantum key distribution. This issue is becoming particularly timely because of the recent full cracks of practical quantum communicators, as shown in numerous peer-reviewed publications. The KLJN system is briefly surveyed here with discussions about the essential questions such as (i) perfect and imperfect security characteristics of the key distribution, and (ii) how these two types of securities can be unconditional (or information theoretical).
Multimedia news digger on emerging topics from social streams

With the overwhelming information from social media networks and news portals, it is crucial to provide users a complete package of visual and textual information with popular interests automatically. To this concern, we present a news detection and pushing system, called Me-Digger (Multimedia News Digger), which not only effectively detects emerging topics from social streams but also provides the corresponding information in multiple modalities. Me-digger is the first systematic effort to leverage three sources of data, that is, Twitter, Flickr and Google news, to output with vivid visual and textual contents on emerging topics. Enabled by a novel general-structured high-order co-clustering approach, it has a more accurate detection of emerging topics compared to the existing methods on micro-blog social streams.
The Orbit as Seen Through Different Surgical Windows: Extensive Anatomosurgical Study.

A thorough understanding of the orbit, structures within it, and complex spatial relationships among these structures bears relevance in a variety of neurosurgical cases. We describe the 3-dimensional surgical anatomy of the orbit and fragile and complex network of neurovascular architectures, flanked by a series of muscular and glandular structures, found within the orbital dura.
The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on return-to-work after low back pain; a prospective two year cohort study in six countries on low back pain patients sicklisted for 3-4 months.

AIMS
To study occurrence and effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on return-to-work applied for workers with low back pain (LBP).


METHODS
A multinational cohort of 1631 workers fully sicklisted 3-4 months due to LBP (ICD-9 codes 721, 722, 724) was recruited from sickness benefit claimants databases in Denmark, Germany, Israel, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States. Medical, ergonomic, and other interventions, working status, and return-to-work were measured using questionnaires and interviews at three months, one and two years after the start of sickleave. Main outcome measure was time to return-to-work. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios regarding the time to return-to-work, adjusted for prognostic factors.


RESULTS
Ergonomic interventions varied considerably in occurrence between the national cohorts: 23.4% (mean) of the participants reported adaptation of the workplace, ranging from 15.0% to 30.5%. Adaptation of job tasks and adaptation of working hours was applied for 44.8% (range 41.0-59.2%) and 46.0% (range 19.9-62.9%) of the participants, respectively. Adaptation of the workplace was effective on return-to-work rate with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.47 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.72; p < 0.0001). Adaptation of job tasks and adaptation of working hours were effective on return-to-work after a period of more than 200 days of sickleave with an adjusted HR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.23; p < 0.0001) and 1.41 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.76; p = 0.002), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that ergonomic interventions are effective on return-to-work of workers long term sicklisted due to LBP.
Neural-Network-Based Low-Speed-Damping Controller for Stepper Motor With an FPGA

We present a low-speed-damping controller for a stepper motor using artificial neural networks (ANNs). This controller is designed to remove nonlinear disturbance at low speeds. The proposed controller improves the stepper motor performance at less than the resonance speed of the stepper motor system. Due to its ability to learn, the proposed controller can adapt to different resonant speed ranges without any identification process for system parameters. Conversely, we also introduce the implementation of an ANN-based controller, online backpropagation learning, and a microstep driver on a single field-programmable gate array. An implementation and experimental results are conducted to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Building social media theory from case studies: A new frontier for IS research

This paper concentrates on a major concern in the IS field – theory building – and couples it with a major development in our field, social media-related environments, to consider how we might build theory, using digital texts, within the case study