LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A generalization of the Moore-Penrose inverse related to matrix subspaces of Cn×m

A natural generalization of the classical Moore–Penrose inverse is presented. The so-called S-Moore–Penrose inverse of an m n complex matrix A, denoted by AS, is defined for any linear subspace S of the matrix vector space C . The S-Moore–Penrose inverse AS is characterized using either the singular value decomposition or (for the full rank case) the orthogonal complements with respect to the Frobenius inner product. These results are applied to the preconditioning of linear systems based on Frobenius norm minimization and to the linearly constrained linear least squares problem. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anterior cingulate cortex: an fMRI analysis of conflict specificity and functional differentiation.

In this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we provide evidence that the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in cognitive control may not be unitary, as the responses of different ACC subregions vary depending upon the nature of task-irrelevant information. More specifically, using the color-word Stroop task (congruent, incongruent, and neutral trial types), we examined the degree to which increases in neural activity within ACC are specific to conditions of conflict, as posited by the conflict monitoring theory (Botvinick et al. [1999]: Rev Neurosci 10:49-57; Carter et al. [1998]: Science 280:747-749). Although incongruent and congruent trials both involve two competing sources of color information (color word and ink color), only incongruent trials involve a direct conflict between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information. Although the anterior division of the ACC rostral zone exhibited conflict specific increases in neural activity (i.e., incongruent > congruent = neutral), the posterior division exhibited a more generalized pattern, increasing whenever the task-irrelevant information was color related, regardless of whether it was conflicting (i.e., incongruent and congruent > neutral). Our data thus suggest a possible functional differentiation within the ACC. As such, it is unlikely that the role of the ACC in cognitive control will be able to be accommodated by a single unifying theory.
On the scalability and capacity of planar wireless networks with omnidirectional antennas

We extend the previously well-known results on the capacity of wireless networks and present the implications of our results on network scalability. In particular, we find bounds on the maximum achievable per-node end-to-end throughput, e, and the maximum number of simultaneously successful wireless transmissions, N max t , under a more general network scenario than previously considered. Furthermore, in the derivation of our results, we make no restrictions on the mobility pattern of the nodes or on the number simultaneous transmissions and/or receptions that nodes are capable of maintaining. In our derivation, we analyze the effect of parameters such as the area of the network domain, A, the path loss exponent, , the processing gain, G, and the SINR threshold, . Specifically, we prove the following results for a wireless network of N nodes that are equipped with omnidirectional antennas:
The Mucus Slurper: a novel tracheal tube that requires no tracheal tube suctioning. A preliminary report

The buildup of mucus within the endotracheal tube (ETT) progressively reduces its internal volume. We devised the Mucus Slurper as an integral part of the tracheal tube to aspirate all mucus automatically at its distal tip. In vitro, and in vivo studies in sheep at the National Institutes of Health, NHLBI, PCCMB. Six sheep, sedated, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated We evaluated the Mucus Slurper in vitro, and we evaluated its efficacy and safety in three healthy sheep during 24 h on volume-controlled mechanical ventilation in comparison to three sheep managed with open tracheal tube suctioning. In vitro: with the Mucus Slurper connected to a source of vacuum of 450–500 mmHg the total volume of a single suction lasting 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 s was, respectively, 75.4 ± 7.9, 114.5 ± 4.6, and 143.4 ± 8.7 ml; with the measured vacuum within the lumen of the Mucus Slurper ring of 37 cmH2O. In vivo: during mechanical ventilation we aspirated through the Mucus Slurper 13.4 ± 3.3 cc mucus/24 h. During the course of single aspiration the Mucus Slurper never affected the level of applied PEEP. The tracheal tube was free of tracheal secretions in the Mucus Slurper group while thin secretions were found within the ETT in the control group. The Mucus Slurper is a novel device designed to keep the tracheal tube and proximal trachea free of mucus. In studies in sheep lasting 24 h the Mucus Slurper was safe and prevented all mucus accumulation within the ETT.
Personalized video summarization with human in the loop

In automatic video summarization, visual summary is constructed typically based on the analysis of low-level features with little consideration of video semantics. However, the contextual and semantic information of a video is marginally related to low-level features in practice although they are useful to compute visual similarity between frames. Therefore, we propose a novel video summarization technique, where the semantically important information is extracted from a set of keyframes given by human and the summary of a video is constructed based on the automatic temporal segmentation using the analysis of inter-frame similarity to the keyframes. Toward this goal, we model a video sequence with a dissimilarity matrix based on bidirectional similarity measure between every pair of frames, and subsequently characterize the structure of the video by a nonlinear manifold embedding. Then, we formulate video summarization as a variant of the 0–1 knapsack problem, which is solved by dynamic programming efficiently. The effectiveness of our algorithm is illustrated quantitatively and qualitatively using realistic videos collected from YouTube.
Optical activity of a neutrino sea in the Standard Model

We present the Standard Model calculation of the optical activity of a neutrino sea. The idea that intergalactic space is a birefrigent medium for light due to the presence of a neutrino sea has been contemplated for a long time. Some thirty years ago, Royer [1] computed in V − A theory an effect of order G F. Later, Stodolsky noted that due to a theorem of Gell-Mann [2], there can be no such effect with massless neutrinos and a point-like coupling, and his observation was recorded by one of the present authors in a review [3]. In the early 1980's data on propagation of radio waves through intergalactic Space put a stringent upper bound on possible optical activity of the neutrino sea [4] and [5] and this led to renewed estimates for the size of such effect on the assumption of a neutrino magnetic moment, which occur for a massive neutrino [5]. More recently [6] an evaluation was made for a off-mass shell photons within the Standard Model (SM). Here we note that there is a frequency dependent effect even for real photons and we also comment on the effect for virtual photons (both within the SM). Thus we shall consider three possible effects: a magnetic moment effect, an effect for virtual photons, an effect for real photons. 1 If the neutrino has a magnetic moment, this moment will interact with the magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave: L int = (eµ/2m)¯ ν(p 2)σ αβ q β ν(p 1)ǫ(q) , (1) In this equation ǫ(q) is the polarization vector of a photon of momenta q, while ν(p) is the neutrino bispinor, and µ is the neutrino magnetic moment in Bohr magnetons e/2m. With this interaction (1) the forward scattering amplitude of a photon of momentum k from a neutrino of momentum p is equal to T = 4i(eµ/m) 2 ǫ µναβ ǫ µ (k)ǫ * ν (k)p α k β. (2) This amplitude differs for left-handed and right-handed photons: T LL = −T RR = 4(eµ/m e) 2 (pk) , (3) and gives rise to a nonzero optical activity for a polarizes neutrino gas. In the Standard Model the neutrino has no intrinsic magnetic moment, but a magnetic moment can emerge as a one loop effect if the neutrino is massive(See figure 1).
Systemic mastocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract: clinicopathologic and molecular study of five cases

Systemic mastocytosis is an uncommon condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of mast cells in one or more organ. The specific D816V KIT mutation is present in most cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur commonly but histologic characterization of gastrointestinal involvement is incomplete. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe the clinicopathologic features in five patients with systemic mastocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract and (2) to determine whether gastrointestinal involvement is associated with the usual D816V mutation or a different mutation. Clinical details were obtained from the hospital of origin or referring pathologist. Histologic features were documented in slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin, mast cell tryptase and CD117. Molecular analysis for the D816V KIT mutation was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Symptoms included diarrhea/loose stools (n=5), abdominal pain (n=4), vomiting (n=3) and weight loss (n=3). Other findings included cutaneous lesions of mastocytosis (n=4), malabsorption (n=2), hypoalbuminemia (n=2) and constitutional growth delay (n=1). Sites of gastrointestinal involvement included the colon (n=5), duodenum (n=3) and terminal ileum (n=3). Endoscopic/gross findings included mucosal nodularity (n=4), erosions (n=2) and loss of mucosal folds (n=2). In three patients the endoscopic appearance was considered consistent with inflammatory bowel disease. All cases showed increased mast cell infiltration of the lamina propria, confirmed by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase and CD117. In two cases, mast cells had abundant clear cytoplasmic resembling histiocytes. Marked eosinophil infiltrates were present in four patients, in one patient leading to confusion with eosinophilic colitis. Architectural distortion was noted in three cases. The D816V KIT mutation was present in all four cases tested. In conclusion, gastrointestinal involvement by systemic mastocytosis is characterized by a spectrum of morphologic features that can be mistaken for inflammatory bowel disease, eosinophilic colitis or histiocytic infiltrates. Systemic mastocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract is associated with the usual D816V KIT mutation.
Smart wheelchair based on eye tracking

This project is a smart wheelchair based on eye tracking which is designed for people with locomotor disabilities. The add-on controlled module can be used with any electrical wheelchair. The smart wheel chair consists of four modules including imaging processing module, wheelchair-controlled module, SMS manager module and appliance-controlled module. The image processing module comprises of a webcam installed on the eyeglass and C++ customized image processing software. The captured image which is transmitted to raspberry Pi microcontroller will be processed using OpenCV to derive the 2D direction of eye ball. The coordinate of eyeball movement is then wirelessly transmitted to wheelchair-controlled module to control the movement of wheel chair. The wheelchair-controlled module is two dimensional rotating stages that installed to the joystick of the electrical wheelchair to replace the manual control of the wheelchair. The motion of eyeball is also used as the cursor control on the raspberry Pi screen to control the operation of some equipped appliance and send message to smart phone.
Treatment with metadoxine and its impact on early mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIM
Despite treatment with glucocorticoids, mortality remains high in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Oxidative stress and depletion of mitochondrial glutathione are implicated factors in liver injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of metadoxine, a drug which possesses a multifactorial mechanism of action, including antioxidant properties, to standard treatment with glucocorticoids in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This randomized open label clinical trial was performed in Mexico's General Hospital (Registry Key DIC/10/107/03/043). We randomized 70 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The first group received prednisone (40 mg/day), and the second group received prednisone (40 mg/day) plus metadoxine tablets (500 mg three times daily). The duration of treatment in both groups was 30 days. Survival at 30 and 90 days, development of complications, adverse events and response to treatment (Lille model) were assessed.


RESULTS
In the group receiving metadoxine, significant improvements were observed, as follows: survival at 30 days (74.3 vs. 45.7%, P = 0.02); survival at 90 days (68.6 vs. 20.0%, P = 0.0001). There was less development or progression of encephalopathy (28.6 vs. 60.0%, P = 0.008) and hepatorenal syndrome (31.4 vs. 54.3%, P = 0.05), and the response to treatment (Lille model) was higher in the metadoxine group (0.38 vs. 0.63, P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.40). There were no differences between groups regarding the development or progression of variceal hemorrhage or infection. The incidence of adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal, was similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Addition of metadoxine to glucocorticoid treatment improves the short-term survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and diminishes the development or progression of encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome.
Title : When chytrid fungus invades : integrating theory and data to understand disease-induced amphibian declines

12 Amphibian populations around the globe are experiencing declines, many of which are driven by the 13 fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, different species of amphibians, as well 14 as divergent populations of the same species of amphibian, can show drastically different responses to Bd 15 invasion. In this chapter we answer three questions: 1) What are the potential trajectories of amphibian 16 host populations following Bd invasion? 2) How are each of these trajectories influenced by both the 17 transmission dynamics and load dynamics governing an amphibian-Bd system? 3) How do ecological, 18 evolutionary, and environmental factors affect both Bd transmission and Bd load dynamics, which in turn 19 influence the population-level outcome of amphibian hosts? We build a general framework that identifies 20 eight population-level trajectories that amphibian populations can take upon Bd invasion that are a 21 result of five different branch points. Each of these branch points is affected by either the transmission 22 dynamics or the load dynamics underlying the system. By integrating relevant disease ecology theory as 23 well as empirical data, this framework can be used to guide context-dependent management strategies for 24 amphibian populations infected with Bd. While this framework is motivated by amphibian-Bd systems, 25 we anticipate that it will also provide a useful lens through which to view the relative importance of 26 transmission and load dynamics in other host-pathogen systems. 27 12.
Model-Based Learning Using a Mixture of Mixtures of Gaussian and Uniform Distributions

We introduce a mixture model whereby each mixture component is itself a mixture of a multivariate Gaussian distribution and a multivariate uniform distribution. Although this model could be used for model-based clustering (model-based unsupervised learning) or model-based classification (model-based semi-supervised learning), we focus on the more general model-based classification framework. In this setting, we fit our mixture models to data where some of the observations have known group memberships and the goal is to predict the memberships of observations with unknown labels. We also present a density estimation example. A generalized expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate the parameters and thereby give classifications in this mixture of mixtures model. To simplify the model and the associated parameter estimation, we suggest holding some parameters fixed-this leads to the introduction of more parsimonious models. A simulation study is performed to illustrate how the model allows for bursts of probability and locally higher tails. Two further simulation studies illustrate how the model performs on data simulated from multivariate Gaussian distributions and on data from multivariate t-distributions. This novel approach is also applied to real data and the performance of our approach under the various restrictions is discussed.
Long-lasting complete response status of advanced stage IV gall bladder cancer and colon cancer after combined treatment including autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine: two case reports

BACKGROUND
The prognosis of advanced (stage IV) cancer of the digestive organs is very poor. We have previously reported a case of advanced breast cancer with bone metastasis that was successfully treated with combined treatments including autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV). Herein, we report the success of this approach in advanced stage IV (heavily metastasized) cases of gall bladder cancer and colon cancer.


CASE PRESENTATION
Case 1: A 61-year-old woman with stage IV gall bladder cancer (liver metastasis and lymph node metastasis) underwent surgery in May 2011, including partial resection of the liver. She was treated with AFTV as the first-line adjuvant therapy, followed by conventional chemotherapy. This patient is still alive without any recurrence, as confirmed with computed tomography, for more than 5 years. Case 2: A 64-year-old man with stage IV colon cancer (multiple para-aortic lymph node metastases and direct abdominal wall invasion) underwent non-curative surgery in May 2006. Following conventional chemotherapy, two courses of AFTV and radiation therapy were administered sequentially. This patient has had no recurrence for more than 5 years.


CONCLUSION
We report the success of combination therapy including AFTV in cases of liver-metastasized gall bladder cancer and abdominal wall-metastasized colon cancer. Both patients experienced long-lasting, complete remission. Therefore, combination therapies including AFTV should be considered in patients with advanced cancer of the digestive organs.
The non-alcoholic fraction of beer increases stromal cell derived factor 1 and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in high cardiovascular risk subjects: a randomized clinical trial.

RATIONALE
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, but fermented beverages seem to confer greater cardiovascular protection due to their polyphenolic content. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone-marrow-derived stem cells with the ability to repair and maintain endothelial integrity and function and are considered as a surrogate marker of vascular function and cumulative cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, no study has been carried out on the effects of moderate beer consumption on the number of circulating EPC in high cardiovascular risk patients.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of moderate consumption of beer, non-alcoholic beer and gin on the number of circulating EPC and EPC-mobilizing factors.


METHODS
In this crossover trial, 33 men at high cardiovascular risk were randomized to receive beer (30 g alcohol/d), the equivalent amount of polyphenols in the form of non-alcoholic beer, or gin (30 g alcohol/d) for 4 weeks. Diet and physical exercise were carefully monitored.


RESULTS
The number of circulating EPC and EPC-mobilizing factors were determined at baseline and after each intervention. After the beer and non-alcoholic beer interventions, the number of circulating EPC significantly increased by 8 and 5 units, respectively, while no significant differences were observed after the gin period. In correlation, stromal cell derived factor 1 increased significantly after the non-alcoholic and the beer interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
The non-alcoholic fraction of beer increases the number of circulating EPC in peripheral blood from high cardiovascular risk subjects.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN95345245 ISRCTN95345245.
Stereoselective determination of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 epimers in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study.

We developed and validated an accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 epimers (R-Rg3, S-Rg3, R-Rh2, and S-Rh2) in rat plasma. Analytes were extracted from 0.1 mL aliquots of rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction, using 2 mL of ethyl acetate. In this assay, dioscin (500 ng/mL) was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was conducted using an Acclaim RSLC C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 2.2 μm) at 40°C, with a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water and in acetonitrile, a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min, and a total run time of 20 min. Detection and quantification were performed using a mass spectrometer in selected reaction-monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization at m/z 783.4 → 161.1 for R-Rg3 and S-Rg3, m/z 621.3 → 161.1 for R-Rh2 and S-Rh2, and m/z 867.2 → 761.5 for the internal standard. For R-Rg3 and S-Rg3, the lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL, with a linear range up to 500 ng/mL; for R-Rh2 and S-Rh2, the lower limit of quantification was 150 ng/mL, with a linear range up to 6000 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation for assay precision was less than 10.5%, with an accuracy of 86.4-112%. No relevant cross-talk or matrix effect was observed. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 400 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, to rats. We found that the S epimers exhibited significantly higher plasma concentrations and area under curve values for both Rg3 and Rh2. This is the first report on the separation and simultaneous quantification of R-Rg3, S-Rg3, R-Rh2, and S-Rh2 in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. The method should be useful in the clinical use of ginseng or its derivatives.
Group Work with Men's Beliefs.

Abstract The article provides a discussion of a group modality (similar to the Association for Specialists in Group Work's [ASGW] definition of psychoeducational groups) for working with men's beliefs regarding to the personal, social, familial, and historical and developmental aspects of their lives. Betz, Wilbur, and Roberts-Wilbur (1981) first presented their typology of group modalities as a model for organizing the myriad of group forms and information from numerous and different disciplines. Since 1981, they have applied the task-, socio-, and psycho-process group modalities to a variety of populations and a plethora of contexts (Bernard & Goodyear, 1992; Betz, Wilbur, & Roberts-Wilbur, 1981, 1983; Wilbur, Roberts-Wilbur, & Betz, 1981, 1983; Wilbur, Roberts-Wilbur, Morris, Hart, & Betz, 1991).