LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Use of Fourier Transformation Infrared ( FTIR ) Spectroscopy for Analysis of Functional Groups in Peanut Oil Biodiesel and Its Blends

Aims: The paper studied how fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to monitor homogenous alkali catalyzed alcoholysis of peanut oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. The spectrum generated was used to identify the functional groups in the fuel sample for qualitative analysis and associated type of vibrations. Analyses on biodiesel blends with fossil diesel were also carried out with FTIR spectroscopy. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between December 2014 and March 2015. Methodology: Biodiesel was produced by transesterifying peanut oil with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Molar ratio of 6:1 (methanol to oil) was followed to shift the reaction to product side for more yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the use of catalyst enabled the reaction to proceed faster. The oil and biodiesel were characterized following ASTM standards. The biodiesel obtained was separated from glycerol, washed with distilled water Original Research Article Oyerinde and Bello; BJAST, 13(3): 1-14, 2016; Article no.BJAST.22178 2 and dried. Biodiesel blends with fossil diesel from 10% v/v to 90% v/v in a step of 10% were produced. Samples of biodiesel and biodiesel blends were scan within mid-infrared region of 4000 cm – 400 cm with fourier transform infrared spectrometer by agilent technologies. The spectra obtained were interpreted and analyzed with the aid of structure correlation chart. A visual basic computer program was developed based on the data analyzed and experience gained. Results: The results revealed that the biodiesel contained fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The FTIR spectrum for the biodiesel revealed the functional groups with characteristics bands, C=O, -(CH2)n-, C-O, C=C and C-H in the spectrum. The absorbance intensity (peak), at a region where strong absorption of FAME occurred in each blend spectrum increases with biodiesel concentration when verified with Beer’s law and the R value of 0.992 was obtained to show good fitting. Changes of transmittance with concentration and absorbance of blend spectra explored showed that transmittance decreases with both concentrations and absorbance and the R values of 0.991 and 0.997 were obtained respectively. Conclusion: Catalyzed complete transesterification was performed on the peanut oil and methanol. The biodiesel produced contained an ester functional group and showed that it can be used as a substitute for fossil diesel in diesel engines. The biodiesel is miscible with fossil diesel and blending of any biodiesel concentration can be obtained. The computer program developed can help to identify the functional groups of similar fuels and associated type of vibrations at a given wavenumber within mid-infrared region.
Layout Characterization and Power Density Analysis for Shorted-Gate and Independent-Gate 7nm FinFET Standard Cells

In this paper, a power density analysis is presented for 7nm FinFET technology node based on both shorted-gate (SG) and independent-gate (IG) standard cells operating in multiple supply voltage regimes. A Liberty-formatted standard cell library is established by selecting the appropriate number of fins for the pull-up and pull-down networks of each logic cell. The layout of both shorted-gate and independent-gate standard cells are then characterized according to lambda-based layout design rules for FinFET devices. Finally, the power density of 7nm FinFET technology node is analyzed and compared with the 45 nm CMOS technology node for different circuits. Experimental result shows that the power density of each 7nm FinFET circuit is 3-20 times larger than that of 45nm CMOS circuit under the spacer-defined technology. Experimental result also shows that the back-gate signal enables a better control of power consumption for independent-gate FinFETs.
Venereal warts in children.

Introduction More than 24 million cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection occur in adults in the United States, with an estimated 1 million new cases developing each year. The number of outpatient visits for adults who have venereal warts (condyloma acuminata) increased fivefold from 1966 to 1981. (1) HPV infections in children may present as common skin warts, anogenital warts (AGW), oral and laryngeal papillomas, and subclinical infections. The increased incidence of AGW in children has paralleled that of adults. AGW in children present a unique diagnostic challenge: Is the HPV infection a result of child sexual abuse (CSA), which requires reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS), or acquired through an otherwise innocuous mechanism? Practitioners must balance “missing” a case of CSA if they do not report to CPS against reporting to CPS and having parents or other caregivers potentially suffer false accusation and its potential ramifications, which may include losing custody of children. In the past, simply identifying AGW in a young child was considered indicative of CSA by some experts. However, there is no defined national standard beyond the limited guidance provided in the 2005 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement, which states that AGW are suspicious for CSA if not perinatally acquired and the rare vertical, nonsexual means of infection have been excluded. (2) Guidance in determining perinatal acquisition or nonsexual transmission is not provided. This review examines the pathophysiology of HPV causing AGW in children and adolescents, diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and a clinical pathway for the evaluation of young children who have AGW when CSA is of concern.
Predictive Factors of Plasma HIV Suppression during Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Benin

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the factors associated with HIV1 RNA plasma viral load (pVL) below 40 copies/mL at the third trimester of pregnancy, as part of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in Benin.


DESIGN
Sub study of the PACOME clinical trial of malaria prophylaxis in HIV-infected pregnant women, conducted before and after the implementation of the WHO 2009 revised guidelines for PMTCT.


METHODS
HIV-infected women were enrolled in the second trimester of pregnancy. Socio-economic characteristics, HIV history, clinical and biological characteristics were recorded. Malaria prevention and PMTCT involving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for mothers and infants were provided. Logistic regression helped identifying factors associated with virologic suppression at the end of pregnancy.


RESULTS
Overall 217 third trimester pVLs were available, and 71% showed undetectability. Virologic suppression was more frequent in women enrolled after the change in PMTCT recommendations, advising to start ART at 14 weeks instead of 28 weeks of pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, Fon ethnic group (the predominant ethnic group in the study area), regular job, first and second pregnancy, higher baseline pVL and impaired adherence to ART were negative factors whereas higher weight, higher antenatal care attendance and longer ART duration were favorable factors to achieve virologic suppression.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides more evidence that ART has to be initiated before the last trimester of pregnancy to achieve an undetectable pVL before delivery. In Benin, new recommendations supporting early initiation were well implemented and, together with a high antenatal care attendance, led to high rate of virologic control.
Boys will be Boys: The Effect of Social Evaluation Concerns on Gender‐Typing

Previous research has demonstrated that young children hold strong gender stereotypes for activities and toy preferences. Some researchers have argued that this rigid gender-typing displayed by young children is associated with peer reinforcement for stereotypical behaviour and punishment of counterstereotypical behaviour. The present study tests the hypothesis that the gender-typing displayed by young children is at least in part an active self-presentational effort to win positive evaluation from peers. Sixty-four children aged between 4 and 9 years described themselves in terms of their activity and toy preferences, once when alone and once when in front of a group of same-sex peers. They also completed a task measuring the rigidity of their gender stereotypes. It was found using both group-based and individual-based analyses that the children with the most rigid stereotypes—young boys—were more likely to present themselves as sex-typed in front of the peer audience than when alone. The older boys and the girls in all age groups tended to have less rigid stereotypes and their self-descriptions were in general not influenced by the presence of an audience. These results show that self-presentational concerns do influence children’s gendertyped behaviour, and that these concerns may vary with age and gender.
Initial development and testing of a novel foam-based pressure sensor for wearable sensing

This paper provides an overview of initial research conducted in the development of pressure-sensitive foam and its application in wearable sensing. The foam sensor is composed of polypyrrole-coated polyurethane foam, which exhibits a piezo-resistive reaction when exposed to electrical current. The use of this polymer-coated foam is attractive for wearable sensing due to the sensor's retention of desirable mechanical properties similar to those exhibited by textile structures. The development of the foam sensor is described, as well as the development of a prototype sensing garment with sensors in several areas on the torso to measure breathing, shoulder movement, neck movement, and scapula pressure. Sensor properties were characterized, and data from pilot tests was examined visually. The foam exhibits a positive linear conductance response to increased pressure. Torso tests show that it responds in a predictable and measurable manner to breathing, shoulder movement, neck movement, and scapula pressure. The polypyrrole foam shows considerable promise as a sensor for medical, wearable, and ubiquitous computing applications. Further investigation of the foam's consistency of response, durability over time, and specificity of response is necessary.
f-VAEs: Improve VAEs with Conditional Flows

In this paper, we integrate VAEs and flow-based generative models successfully and get f-VAEs. Compared with VAEs, f-VAEs generate more vivid images, solved the blurred-image problem of VAEs. Compared with flow-based models such as Glow, f-VAE is more lightweight and converges faster, achieving the same performance under smaller-size architecture.
Pulmonary thromboembolism in children

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is uncommonly diagnosed in the pediatric patient, and indeed often only discovered on autopsy. The incidence of pediatric PTE depends upon the associated underlying disease, diagnostic tests used, and index of suspicion. Multiple risk factors can be found including: peripartum asphyxia, dyspnea, haemoptysis, chest pain, dehydration, septicemia, central venous lines (CVLs), trauma, surgery, ongoing hemolysis, vascular lesions, malignancy, renal disease, foreign bodies or, uncommonly, intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, burns, or nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Other types of embolism can occur uncommonly in childhood and need to be recognized, as the required treatment will vary. These include pulmonary cytolytic thrombi, foreign bodies, tumor and septic emboli, and post-traumatic fat emboli. No single noninvasive test for pulmonary embolism is both sensitive and specific. A combination of diagnostic procedures must be used to identify suspect or confirmed cases of PTE. This article reviews the risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment of pulmonary embolism in children. It also highlights the current diagnostic tools and protocols used to evaluate pulmonary embolism in pediatric patients.
Cascade Cockcroft–Walton Voltage Multiplier Applied to Transformerless High Step-Up DC–DC Converter

This paper proposes a high step-up dc-dc converter based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier without a step-up transformer. Providing continuous input current with low ripple, high voltage ratio, and low voltage stress on the switches, diodes, and capacitors, the proposed converter is quite suitable for applying to low-input-level dc generation systems. Moreover, based on the n-stage CW voltage multiplier, the proposed converter can provide a suitable dc source for an n + 1-level multilevel inverter. In this paper, the proposed control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at high frequency to minimize the size of the inductor while the other one operates at relatively low frequency according to the desired output voltage ripple. A 200-W laboratory prototype is built for test, and both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed converter.
Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Coronary Artery Disease: Is Helicobacter pylori a Risk Factor?

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the most common infection in the world and coronary artery disease (CAD) is probably associated with it. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between HP infection and CAD in suspected patients referred for coronary angiography. The coronary angiography was performed using Judkins method and patients were assigned to participate in CAD positive (>50% luminal diameter stenosis) and negative groups. The serum HP IgG antibody was checked.


RESULTS
Positive and negative CAD groups consisted of 62 and 58 patients, respectively. HP was more prevalent among CAD+ patients, and with increasing the number of coronary arteries with stenosis, the HP seropositivity increased so that 76.3% of patients with multiple vessel diseases (MVD) and 70% of patients with single vessel diseases (SVD) were HP seropositive versus 50% in control group (P = 0.006). Positive CAD was significantly associated with HDL level (P = 0.01) and ESR level (P = 0.006). Also, CAD+ patients had higher CRP levels than controls and it was statistically different between SVD group and controls (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
HP infection is more prevalent in CAD positive patients and, in case of proving causal relationship, it can be considered as a reversible risk factor for CAD.
Outcomes at 3 months after planned cesarean vs planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term: the international randomized Term Breech Trial.

CONTEXT
The Term Breech Trial found a significant reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes without an increased risk of immediate maternal morbidity with planned cesarean delivery compared with planned vaginal birth. No randomized controlled trial of planned cesarean delivery has measured benefits and risks of postpartum outcomes months after the birth.


OBJECTIVE
To compare maternal outcomes of planned cesarean delivery and planned vaginal birth at 3 months post partum.


DESIGN
Follow-up study to the Term Breech Trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted between January 9, 1997, and April 21, 2000.


SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1596 of 1940 women from 110 centers worldwide who had a singleton fetus in breech presentation at term responded to a follow-up questionnaire at 3 months post partum.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Breastfeeding; infant health; ease of caring for infant and adjusting to being a new mother; sexual relations and relationship with husband/partner; pain; urinary, flatal, and fecal incontinence; depression; and views regarding childbirth experience and study participation.


RESULTS
Baseline information was similar for both the cesarean and vaginal delivery groups. Women in the planned cesarean delivery group were less likely to report urinary incontinence than those in the planned vaginal birth group (36/798 [4.5%] vs 58/797 [7.3%]; relative risk, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.93). Incontinence of flatus was not different between groups but was less of a problem in the planned cesarean delivery group when it occurred (P =.006). There were no differences between groups in other outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Planned cesarean delivery for pregnancies with breech presentation at term may result in a lower risk of incontinence and is not associated with an increased risk of other problems for women at 3 months post partum, although the effect on longer-term outcomes is uncertain.
Association between moderate to severe psoriasis and periodontitis in a Scandinavian population

BACKGROUND
The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss among individuals with psoriasis and a group of randomly selected controls.


METHODS
Fifty individuals with psoriasis and 121 controls completed a structured questionnaire, and were examined clinically and radiographically. Oral examination included numbers of missing teeth, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), presence of dental plaque and bleeding on probing, as well as alveolar bone loss from radiographs. Questionnaires requested information on age, gender, education, dental care, smoking habits, general diseases and medicament use. For adjustment for baseline differences between psoriasis individuals and controls the propensity score based on gender, age and education was computed using multivariate logistic regression. A subsample analysis for propensity score matched psoriasis individuals (n = 50) and controls (n = 50) was performed.


RESULTS
When compared with controls, psoriasis individuals had significantly more missing teeth and more sites with plaque and bleeding on probing. The prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis was significantly higher among psoriasis individuals (24%) compared to healthy controls (10%). Similarly, 36% of psoriasis cases had one or more sites with radiographic bone loss ≥3 mm, compared to 13% of controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the association between moderate/severe periodontitis and psoriasis remained statistically significant when adjusted for propensity score, but was attenuated when smoking was entered into the model. The association between psoriasis and one or more sites with bone loss ≥3 mm remained statistically significant when adjusted for propensity score and smoking and regularity of dental visits. In the propensity score (age, gender and education) matched sample (n = 100) psoriasis remained significantly associated with moderate/severe periodontitis and radiographic bone loss.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the limits of the present study, periodontitis and radiographic bone loss is more common among patients with moderate/severe psoriasis compared with the general population. This association remained significant after controlling for confounders.
Anatomy of the superficial peroneal nerve related to the harvesting for nerve graft

The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) is one of the two main branches of the common peroneal nerve, which become cutaneous nerve on the lateral side of distal leg and dorsum of foot. The use of SPN as nerve graft has been introduced; however, important data regarding the morphometric anatomy of this nerve and its branches, medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves (MDN and IDN, respectively) to support this application remain incomplete. Eighty-five legs of cadavers were dissected and the branching pattern was classified into Type 1 (penetration of the main trunk of SPN from the deep fascia) or Type 2 (separate penetration of the MDN and IDN). The length of SPN, MDN and IDN from the penetration points until before subsequent branching was measured. In addition, the penetration points were located by referring to the intermalleolar line and the lateral malleolus. Type 1 was found in the majority of specimens independent of gender (71.8%). Asymmetry in the branching pattern was observed in nine cases (20.9%). The average length of the SPN, MDN and IDN without branches was 7.7, 8.1 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The penetration points of the SPN, MDN and IDN were located 5.1, 7.6 and 5.5 cm above the intermalleolar line, respectively. These data are important for using the SPN as a graft.
Extraction of standardized archetyped data from Electronic Health Record systems based on the Entity-Attribute-Value Model

OBJECTIVE
The ISO/EN 13606 Electronic Health Record architecture standard permits semantically interoperable exchange of Electronic Health Record data by using archetypes to define the structure and semantics of Electronic Health Record contents. Practical implementations of the ISO/EN 13606 standard have been scarcely reported on, and none of the publications describes in detail an efficient technique of archetype-compliant data extraction from an Electronic Health Record system. We address this research issue in the present report, and focus on a specific class of largely research-oriented Electronic Health Record systems which are internally based on the Entity-Attribute-Value Model.


METHOD
We propose an approach for extracting data described by archetypes from an Entity-Attribute-Value based Electronic Health Record system in an ISO/EN 13606-conformant manner. The approach is based on mapping from the structure of exported source documents to the archetype. It is implemented via standard XML technologies.


RESULTS
We tested our approach on an Electronic Health Record system employed for clinical research at the Medical University of Vienna. Using test data defined by three different archetypes, source documents were successfully extracted as archetype-conformant ISO/EN 13606 Electronic Health Record extracts.


CONCLUSIONS
Electronic Health Record data may be effectively extracted from Entity-Attribute-Value based Electronic Health Record systems using the suggested approach. As a prerequisite for applying our approach, the internal data model of the Electronic Health Record system and the archetype must overlap in a way that a semantic mapping between them is possible. The system must further provide an XML interface which permits the export of the source documents in conventional format. The export must include data and metadata that are mandatorily postulated by the archetype and the ISO/EN 13606 Reference Model.
Evaluation of an occupational therapy program for patients with spinal cord injury

Study design:Clinical controlled trial.Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational therapy (OT) program combined with neuromotor rehabilitation, by assessing the degree of functional independence reached by patients with spinal cord injuries at first hospitalization.Settings:Subjects selected from the Spinal Cord Unit of the Rehabilitation Institute of Montecatone (Imola, Italy).Participants:Thirty-six male patients below age 60, with complete paraplegia (ASIA-A) in thoracic-lumbar level, at first hospitalization.Methods:Patients were divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group underwent neuromotor rehabilitation coupled with an OT program, whereas those in the control group followed neuromotor rehabilitation only. Increase in functional independence at discharge was evaluated by the Valutazione Funzionale Mielolesi (VFM) assessment scale.Results:Patients in the experimental group showed a significant increase in the total VFM score, and in domains concerning transfers and wheelchair use. A significant improvement was observed in unmarried patients as compared to married ones.Conclusion:An OT service within a Spinal Cord Unit allows us to achieve a higher level of functional independence.