LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Design for board trace reliability of WLCSP under drop test

Through an aggressive product development program which includes experiment and simulation, Amkor has developed the next level of WLCSP (CSPnl™), a product which exhibits superior board level reliability when subjected to drop impact, a strong requirement for portable electronics. Failure mechanism of WLCSP under drop test has been established. Depending on type of WLCSP and test board design, 3 primary failure modes can be observed, i.e. copper (Cu) board trace crack, Cu RDL (Redistribution Layer) vertical crack and Cu/UBM (Under Bump Metallization) delamination. CSPnl can exhibit distinct failure modes under different test board and/or CSPnl designs, resulting in a vast difference in drop test lifetimes. The primary failure mode is shifted whenever the weakest link is removed through design improvement. This paper will focus on detailed analysis of copper board trace crack under drop test, using an integrated approach of testing, failure analysis, material characterization and modeling. Board design guidelines are formulated to understand the effects of I/O position, board trace routing direction, board trace width, tear drop design, PCB pad size, stack-up thickness, and alloy materials on board trace reliability. Comparison is also made on possible impact on Cu RDL reliability.
Course notes

Algebraic manipulation covers branches of software, particularly list processing, mathematics, notably logic and number theory, and applications largely in physics. The lectures will deal with all of these to a varying extent. The mathematical content will be kept to a minimum.
Community and District Empowerment for Scale-up (CODES): a complex district-level management intervention to improve child survival in Uganda: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Innovative and sustainable strategies to strengthen districts and other sub-national health systems and management are urgently required to reduce child mortality. Although highly effective evidence-based and affordable child survival interventions are well-known, at the district level, lack of data, motivation, analytic and planning capacity often impedes prioritization and management weaknesses impede implementation. The Community and District Empowerment for Scale-up (CODES) project is a complex management intervention designed to test whether districts when empowered with data and management tools can prioritize and implement evidence-based child survival interventions equitably.


METHODS
The CODES strategy combines management, diagnostic, and evaluation tools to identify and analyze the causes of bottlenecks to implementation, build capacity of district management teams to implement context-specific solutions, and to foster community monitoring and social accountability to increase demand for services. CODES combines UNICEF tools designed to systematize priority setting, allocation of resources and problem solving with Community dialogues based on Citizen Report Cards and U-Reports used to engage and empower communities in monitoring health service provision and to demand for quality services. Implementation and all data collection will be by the districts teams or local Community-based Organizations who will be supported by two local implementing partners. The study will be evaluated as a cluster randomized trial with eight intervention and eight comparison districts over a period of 3 years. Evaluation will focus on differences in uptake of child survival interventions and will follow an intention-to-treat analysis. We will also document and analyze experiences in implementation including changes in management practices.


DISCUSSION
By increasing the District Health Management Teams' capacity to prioritize and implement context-specific solutions, and empowering communities to become active partners in service delivery, coverage of child survival interventions will increase. Lessons learned on strengthening district-level managerial capacities and mechanisms for community monitoring may have implications, not only in Uganda but also in other similar settings, especially with regard to accelerating effective coverage of key child survival interventions using locally available resources.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN15705788 , Date of registration; 24 July 2015.
Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) for chronic depression: clinical characteristics and six month clinical outcomes in an open case series.

BACKGROUND
Evidence-based guidance on how best to treat chronic depression is limited. Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) has shown some promise with this 'difficult-to-treat' clinical group. This case series was designed to assess the acceptability and utility of this novel treatment in routine clinical practice within the U.K. National Health Service.


METHODS
We offered an open trial of CBASP to a cohort of 115 referred patients within primary and secondary care. Diagnostic interview and standardised outcome measures were administered before and after 6 months of CBASP with a trained, accredited therapist.


RESULTS
Seventy-four patients entered therapy, with 46 completing. 30% met criteria for remission (≤ 8 HRSD-24 score) and a further 30% met criteria for clinically significant change (> 8 and ≤15 HRSD-24 plus 50% reduction in baseline score). Thirty-nine per cent made "No change". Group measures of quality of life, social functioning and interpersonal functioning also improved.


LIMITATIONS
This was an open study design with a moderate sample size and no control group. Ratings were not completed using a blinded procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
CBASP is an acceptable therapy for a large proportion of patients with chronic depression and was associated with clinically significant change in 60% of completers.
"Yours for improvement" - The adding machines of Chicago, 1884-1930

Between 1884 and 1930, the City of Chicago emerged as a center of manufacture for a new kind of machine, designed especially to assist in ordinary addition. Chicago inventions and products would shape the adding machine industry into the second half of the 20th century.
High prevalence of diabetes before and after lung transplantation: target for improving outcome?

BACKGROUND
Diabetes increases morbidity and mortality of lung transplantation. However, the reported prevalence of diabetes varies post-transplantation partly due to lack of detection protocols.


AIM
To determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients (i) waitlisted for lung transplant and (ii) early post-transplantation.


METHODS
We analysed patients on the St Vincent's Heart Lung database from 1 April 2014 to 30 September 2015 on the waitlist (Study 1) and those transplanted (Study 2). Standard of care required all non-diabetic patients to have an oral glucose tolerance test (modified for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to screen for CF-related hyperglycaemia (CFRH) (plasma glucose ≥8.2 mmol/L at 60 or 90 min).


RESULTS
Study 1 included 114 patients (32 with CF and 82 without CF). Of 30 CF patients with glycaemic data, 27 (90%) had abnormal glucose metabolism: 18 had diabetes and nine had CFRH. In 50 patients without CF, 20 (40%) had abnormal glucose metabolism: eight had diabetes and 12 had impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Study 2 included 78 transplanted patients (25 with CF and 53 without CF). Fourteen CF patients had pre-existing diabetes and seven had pre-existing CFRH. All but one patient were diagnosed with diabetes post-transplantation. Hence, diabetes prevalence in CF patients post-transplantation was 96%. Among 53 transplanted patients without CF, seven (13%) had abnormal glucose metabolism but 30 (57%) were diagnosed with post-transplant diabetes.


CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of diabetes in lung transplant patients. Earlier endocrine participation in lung transplant services is likely to lower diabetes-related morbidity and mortality further.
Phase I, dose-finding study of capecitabine in combination with docetaxel and epirubicin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE
Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine with considerable activity and minimal myelosuppression and alopecia. This phase I study evaluated the addition of capecitabine to epirubicin/docetaxel combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-three female patients with advanced breast cancer received capecitabine (765-1060 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 of a 3-week treatment cycle) in combination with epirubicin and docetaxel (75 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1).


RESULTS
The maximum tolerated dose of capecitabine was 985 mg/m2 and the principal dose-limiting toxicity was febrile neutropenia. No grade 3/4 anemia or thrombocytopenia occurred. There were no grade 4 non-hematological events and grade 3 events other than alopecia were rare. Alopecia occurred in all patients and treatment cycles, and asthenia occurred in all patients and in 84% of treatment cycles. Other frequent adverse events included nausea, vomiting, fever, paresthesia and elevated transaminase levels. An objective response to treatment was observed in 91% (95% confidence interval 72% to 99%) of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of capecitabine to docetaxel/epirubicin combination therapy provides a well-tolerated and active first-line chemotherapy regimen in patients with advanced breast cancer, and merits phase II/III evaluation.
The Analysis of Facial Beauty: An Emerging Area of Research in Pattern Analysis

Much research presented recently supports the idea that the human perception of attractiveness is dat adriven and largely irrespective of the perceiver. This suggests using pattern analysis techniques for beauty analysis. Several scientific papers on this subject are appearing in image processing, computer vision and pattern analysis contexts, or use techniques of these areas . In this paper, we will survey the recent studies on automatic analysis of facial beauty, and discuss research lin es and practical applications.
Brief psychosocial education, not core stabilization, reduced incidence of low back pain: results from the Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military (POLM) cluster randomized trial

BACKGROUND
Effective strategies for the primary prevention of low back pain (LBP) remain elusive with few large-scale clinical trials investigating exercise and education approaches. The purpose of this trial was to determine whether core stabilization alone or in combination with psychosocial education prevented incidence of low back pain in comparison to traditional lumbar exercise.


METHODS
The Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military study was a cluster randomized clinical study with four intervention arms and a two-year follow-up. Participants were recruited from a military training setting from 2007 to 2008. Soldiers in 20 consecutive companies were considered for eligibility (n = 7,616). Of those, 1,741 were ineligible and 1,550 were eligible but refused participation. For the 4,325 Soldiers enrolled with no previous history of LBP average age was 22.0 years (SD = 4.2) and there were 3,082 males (71.3%). Companies were randomly assigned to receive traditional lumbar exercise, traditional lumbar exercise with psychosocial education, core stabilization exercise, or core stabilization with psychosocial education, The psychosocial education session occurred during one session and the exercise programs were done daily for 5 minutes over 12 weeks. The primary outcome for this trial was incidence of low back pain resulting in the seeking of health care.


RESULTS
There were no adverse events reported. Evaluable patient analysis (4,147/4,325 provided data) indicated no differences in low back incidence resulting in the seeking of health care between those receiving the traditional exercise and core stabilization exercise programs. However, brief psychosocial education prevented low back pain episodes regardless of the assigned exercise approach, resulting in a 3.3% (95% CI: 1.1 to 5.5%) decrease over two years (numbers needed to treat (NNT) = 30.3, 95% CI = 18.2 to 90.9).


CONCLUSIONS
Core stabilization has been advocated as preventative, but offered no such benefit when compared to traditional lumbar exercise in this trial. Instead, a brief psychosocial education program that reduced fear and threat of low back pain decreased incidence of low back pain resulting in the seeking of health care. Since this trial was conducted in a military setting, future studies are necessary to determine if these findings can be translated into civilian populations.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT00373009 at ClinicalTrials.gov - http://clinicaltrials.gov/
Accuracy of Kinect's skeleton tracking for upper body rehabilitation applications.

UNLABELLED
Games and their use in rehabilitation have formed a new and rapidly growing area of research. A critical hardware component of rehabilitation programs is the input device that measures the patients' movements. After Microsoft released Kinect, extensive research has been initiated on its applications as an input device for rehabilitation. However, since most of the works in this area rely on a qualitative determination of the joints' movements rather than an accurate quantitative one, detailed analysis of patients' movements is hindered. The aim of this article is to determine the accuracy of the Kinect's joint tracking. To fulfill this task, a model of upper body was fabricated. The displacements of the joint centers were estimated by Kinect at different positions and were then compared with the actual ones from measurement. Moreover, the dependency of Kinect's error on distance and joint type was measured and analyzed.


IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
It measures and reports the accuracy of a sensor that can be directly used for monitoring physical therapy exercises. Using this sensor facilitates remote rehabilitation.
Genotype does not predict severity of behavioural phenotype in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease).

AIM
The primary aim of this investigation was to examine genotype and clinical phenotype differences in individuals with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) who were homozygous for a common disease-causing deletion or compound heterozygous. The secondary aim was to cross-validate the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), a disease-specific JNCL rating scale.


METHOD
Sixty individuals (28 males, 32 females; mean age 15y 1mo, SD 4y 9mo, range 5y 8mo--31y 1mo) with JNCL completed the UBDRS.


RESULTS
No significant genotype and clinical phenotype differences were identified when comparing individuals homozygous for the deletion with a heterogeneous group of compound heterozygous individuals. There were significant correlations among related behaviour items and scales on the CBCL and UBDRS (Spearman's rho ranging from 0.39 [p<0.05] to 0.72 [p<0.01]). Behaviour and physical function ratings were uncorrelated, supporting divergent validity of these two constructs in JNCL.


INTERPRETATION
Previous reports of genotype and clinical phenotype differences were unsupported in this investigation, which did not find differences between individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the CLN3 deletion. The CBCL, an already validated measure of behaviour problems, appears valid for use in JNCL and cross-validates well with the UBDRS.
The Effect of Movie Subtitling on Incidental Vocabulary Learning among EFL Learners

This study investigated the effect of subtitling modality on incidental vocabulary learning among Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 90 freshmen students studying English Translation at BA level in Abadan Azad University were selected after taking a proficiency test to ensure their homogeneity. Participants were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, namely: Bimodal group (A), Standard group (B) and Reversed group(C). They watched eight video clips selected from three animated movies with different modes of subtitles: A) Bimodal subtitles, B) Standard subtitles and C) Reversed subtitles. Research instrumentation included a pre-test and a post-test following an experimental design. Participants took a pre-test containing new words selected from the clips. After eight treatment sessions, the post-test was administered. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. To arrive at any difference between the three different modes of subtitles, the researcher conducted one-way ANOVA. The results obtained from the tests showed that participants in reversed subtitling group performed significantly different and learned more new vocabulary items. Standard subtitling was the second type of subtitling which revealed to be more effective than bimodal subtitling. © 2014 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved.
The Floyd-Warshall algorithm on graphs with negative cycles

The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is a simple and widely used algorithm to compute shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in an edge weighted directed graph. It can also be used to detect the presence of negative cycles. We will show that for this task many existing implementations of the Floyd-Warshall algorithm will fail because exponentially large numbers can appear during its execution.
Persistent Navigation and Mapping using a Biologically Inspired SLAM System

The challenge of persistent navigation and mapping is to develop an autonomous robot system that can simultaneously localize, map and navigate over the lifetime of the robot with little or no human intervention. Most solutions to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem aim to produce highly accurate maps of areas that are assumed to be static. In contrast, solutions for persistent navigation and mapping must produce reliable goal-directed navigation outcomes in an environment that is assumed to be in constant flux. We investigate the persistent navigation and mapping problem in the context of an autonomous robot that performs mock deliveries in a working office environment over a two-week period. The solution was based on the biologically inspired visual SLAM system, RatSLAM. RatSLAM performed SLAM continuously while interacting with global and local navigation systems, and a task selection module that selected between exploration, delivery, and recharging modes. The robot performed 1,143 delivery tasks to 11 different locations with only one delivery failure (from which it recovered), traveled a total distance of more than 40 km over 37 hours of active operation, and recharged autonomously a total of 23 times. The International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 00, No. 00, Xxxxxxxx 2009, pp. 000–000 DOI: 10.1177/0278364909340592 c The Author(s), 2009. Reprints and permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Figures 1–3, 6–12, 15–19, A.1 appear in color online: http://ijr.sagepub.com KEY WORDS—persistent navigation and mapping, SLAM, RatSLAM, biologically inspired
Multibeam Active Phased Array System Configurations for Communications Satellites

This paper presents architectures for active phased arrays for multiple scanning, hopping, and reconfigurable shaped beams for satellite applications. A comparison of the different architectures is discussed. An experimental model which incorporates active monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) components for beam control is described. The technology for this model is directly applicable to the various architectures presented.
The geographic distribution of onchocerciasis in the 20 participating countries of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: (1) priority areas for ivermectin treatment

The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was created to control onchocerciasis as a public health problem in 20 African countries. Its main strategy is community directed treatment with ivermectin. In order to identify all high risk areas where ivermectin treatment was needed, APOC used Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO). REMO has now been virtually completed and we report the results in two articles. The present article reports the mapping of high risk areas where onchocerciasis was a public health problem. The companion article reports the results of a geostatistical analysis of the REMO data to map endemicity levels and estimate the number infected. REMO consists of three stages: exclusion of areas that are unsuitable for the vector, selection of sample villages to be surveyed in each river basin, and examination of 30 to 50 adults for the presence of palpable onchocercal nodules in each selected village. The survey results and other relevant information were processed in a geographical information system. A panel of experts interpreted the data taking the river-based sampling into account and delineated high risk areas where the prevalence of nodules is greater than 20%. Unsuitable areas were identified in eight countries. In the remaining areas surveys were done in a total of 14,473 sample villages in which more than half a million people were examined. High-risk areas were identified in 18 APOC countries, ranging from small isolated foci to a vast contiguous endemic area of 2 million km2 running across seven countries. In five countries the high risk area covered more than 48% of the total surface area, and 31% to 48% of the population. It is estimated that 86 million people live in high risk areas in the APOC countries. The REMO maps have played a significant role in onchocerciasis control in the 20 APOC countries. All high-risk areas where onchocerciasis used to be a serious public health problem have been clearly delineated. This led to the creation of community-directed treatment projects that by 2012 were providing annual ivermectin treatment to over 80 million people.
Adaptive Deep Pyramid Matching for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attracted increasing attention in the remote sensing community. Most CNNs only take the last fully-connected layers as features for the classification of remotely sensed images, discarding the other convolutional layer features which may also be helpful for classification purposes. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive deep pyramid matching (ADPM) model that takes advantage of the features from all of the convolutional layers for remote sensing image classification. To this end, the optimal fusing weights for different convolutional layers are learned from the data itself. In remotely sensed scenes, the objects of interest exhibit different scales in distinct scenes, and even a single scene may contain objects with different sizes. To address this issue, we select the CNN with spatial pyramid pooling (SPP-net) as the basic deep network, and further construct a multi-scale ADPM model to learn complementary information from multi-scale images. Our experiments have been conducted using two widely used remote sensing image databases, and the results show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance when compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Keywords—Convolutional neural network (CNN), adaptive deep pyramid matching (ADPM), convolutional features, multi-scale ensemble, remote-sensing scene classification.