LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Time course and extent of functional recovery during the first postoperative year after minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty with two different surgical approaches--a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED
While others have reported short-term comparisons between various minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and their conventional analogues, longer-term data is lacking, as is information indicating whether MIS approaches to THA provide a biomechanically complete recovery. Furthermore, different MIS approaches have not been compared. Our approaches of interest were a one-incision modified Watson-Jones, and a two-incision approach.


HYPOTHESES
(1) There are significant differences in gait recovery patterns between the two surgical groups and (2) THA subjects have significant differences in function one year after surgery compared to control subjects. To test these hypotheses, THA candidates (n=26) were randomized to receive one of these MIS approaches and evaluated preoperatively, and postoperatively at 3 weeks, and at 3, 6 and 12 months. Evaluations included three-dimensional gait analysis and 24-hour step-counts. The same data were obtained from 25 control subjects. Recovery time-course was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. T-tests were used to compare controls with the pooled group of THA subjects. We found no differences between the two THA surgical groups regarding the time-course of recovery (p≥0.591). Although recovery was statistically complete by 3 months postoperatively for all variables, there were significant differences from controls at 12 months. Most notably, the external hip adduction moment, which reflects hip abductor function, was more than one standard deviation below normal (p<0.001). THA subject inactivity could not explain the gait differences, since one year after surgery daily step counts were not significantly different from controls (p=0.346). More work is necessary to determine ways to improve biomechanical outcomes for today's patients with high expectations for function and implant longevity.
Predicting individual physiologically acceptable states at discharge from a pediatric intensive care unit

Objective
Quantify physiologically acceptable PICU-discharge vital signs and develop machine learning models to predict these values for individual patients throughout their PICU episode.


Methods
EMR data from 7256 survivor PICU episodes (5632 patients) collected between 2009 and 2017 at Children's Hospital Los Angeles was analyzed. Each episode contained 375 variables representing physiology, labs, interventions, and drugs. Between medical and physical discharge, when clinicians determined the patient was ready for ICU discharge, they were assumed to be in a physiologically acceptable state space (PASS) for discharge. Each patient's heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure in the PASS window were measured and compared to age-normal values, regression-quantified PASS predictions, and recurrent neural network (RNN) PASS predictions made 12 hours after PICU admission.


Results
Mean absolute errors (MAEs) between individual PASS values and age-normal values (HR: 21.0 bpm; SBP: 10.8 mm Hg; DBP: 10.6 mm Hg) were greater (p < .05) than regression prediction MAEs (HR: 15.4 bpm; SBP: 9.9 mm Hg; DBP: 8.6 mm Hg). The RNN models best approximated individual PASS values (HR: 12.3 bpm; SBP: 7.6 mm Hg; DBP: 7.0 mm Hg).


Conclusions
The RNN model predictions better approximate patient-specific PASS values than regression and age-normal values.
Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for carcinomas of the oro-pharynx, hypo-pharynx and larynx: a treatment planning comparison with fixed field IMRT.

PURPOSE
A planning study was performed to evaluate the performance of volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy on head and neck cancer patients. Conventional fixed field IMRT was used as a benchmark.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
CT datasets of 29 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oro-pharynx, hypo-pharynx and larynx were included. Plans for fixed beam IMRT, single (RA1) and double (RA2) modulated arcs with the RapidArc technique were optimised. Dose prescription was set to 66 Gy to the primary tumour (at 2.2 Gy/fraction), 60 Gy to intermediate-risk nodes and 54 Gy to low-risk nodal levels. The planning objectives for PTV were minimum dose >95%, and maximum dose <107%. Maximum dose to spinal cord was limited to 46 Gy, maximum to brain stem to 50 Gy. For parotids, mean dose <26 Gy (or median <30 Gy) was assumed as the objective. The MU and delivery time were scored to measure expected treatment efficiency.


RESULTS
Target coverage and homogeneity results improved with RA2 plans compared to both RA1 and IMRT. All the techniques fulfilled the objectives on maximum dose, while small deviations were observed on minimum dose for PTV. The conformity index (CI(95%)) was 1.7+/-0.2 for all the three techniques. RA2 allowed a reduction of D(2%) to spinal cord of approximately 3 Gy compared to IMRT (RA1 D(2%) increased it of approximately 1 Gy). On brain stem, D(2%) was reduced from 12 Gy (RA1 vs. IMRT) to 13.5 Gy (RA2 vs. IMRT). The mean dose to ipsi-lateral parotids was reduced from 40 Gy (IMRT) to 36.2 Gy (RA1) and 34.4 Gy (RA2). The mean dose to the contra-lateral gland ranged from 32.6 Gy (IMRT) to 30.9 Gy (RA1) and 28.2 Gy (RA2).


CONCLUSION
RapidArc was investigated for head and neck cancer. RA1 and RA2 showed some improvements in organs at risk and healthy tissue sparing, while only RA2 offered improved target coverage with respect to conventional IMRT.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different modes of insulin pump delivery. A randomized, controlled study comparing subcutaneous and intravenous administration of insulin aspart.

AIMS
To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three different modes of insulin infusion delivered by means of an insulin pump: subcutaneous bolus insulin injection once an hour, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion.


METHODS
In random order, ten patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus received insulin aspart with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion. The insulin aspart doses were individualized.


RESULTS
  A non-random, sinus-like variation of serum insulin aspart over time was found with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P<0.0001). Random variation of serum insulin aspart over time was significantly higher with continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection (P=0.023) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (P=0.013). Mean serum insulin aspart did not differ significantly between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P=0.17). Thus, absolute bioavailability was near 100% for both subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Statistically significant differences were seen in mean plasma glucose and mean glucose infusion rate, with the highest mean plasma glucose and the lowest mean glucose infusion rate with continuous intravenous insulin infusion, suggesting a slightly lower bioefficacy of continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.


CONCLUSIONS
Small but statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion were observed. However, no major clinically relevant differences were found, suggesting that, for a basal subcutaneous insulin aspart pump therapy, relatively infrequent pump stroke frequency may suffice.
Social and ecological resilience: are they related?

This article defines social resilience as the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result of social, political and environmental change. This definition highlights social resilience in relation to the concept of ecological resilience which is a characteristic of ecosystems to maintain themselves in the face of disturbance. There is a clear link between social and ecological resilience, particularly for social groups or communities that are dependent on ecological and environmental resources for their livelihoods. But it is not clear whether resilient ecosystems enable resilient communities in such situations. This article examines whether resilience is a useful characteristic for describing the social and economic situation of social groups and explores potential links between social resilience and ecological resilience. The origins of this interdisciplinary study in human ecology, ecological economics and rural sociology are reviewed, and a study of the impacts of ecological change on a resourcedependent community in contemporary coastal Vietnam in terms of the resilience of its institu-
Corrosion of Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solders and the corresponding effects on board level solder joint reliability

The drive for lead-free solders in the microelectronics industry presents some new reliability challenges. Sn-Ag-Cu alloys are leading candidates for lead-free solders. Compared to traditional Sn-Pb solders, Sn-Ag-Cu solders are easily corroded in corrosive environment due to their special structure. The presence of Ag3Sn in Sn-Ag-Cu solders accelerates the dissolution of tin from solder matrix into corrosive medium because of galvanic corrosion mechanism. When the corrosion present in the solder joints, it may change the microstructure of corroded regions and decreases the mechanical properties of solder joints by providing a crack initialization. In the present paper, the effects of salt spray test (based on JESD22-A107B) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-4.0%Ag-0.5%Cu solder balls are investigated with shear and ball pull test. The results show that the shear and pull strength of lead-free solder balls decreased after the slat spray test. In addition, three kinds of tests are performed to evaluate the effects of corrosion on the board level reliability of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints, including drop test, three-point single strike and cyclic bending
Quantum effects in cosmology

A review of quantum effects in cosmology is given. The main emphasis is made on physical interpretations and possible observational consequences of the effects. The paper includes the following sections: 1. Introduction. The present state of the Universe. 2. What can we expect from a complete cosmological theory? 3. An overview of quantum effects in cosmology. 4. Parametric (superadiabatic) amplification of classical waves. 5. Graviton creation in the inflationary universe. 6. Quantum states of a harmonic oscillator. 7. Squeezed quantum states of relic gravitons and primordial density perturbations. 8. Quantum cosmology, minisuperspace models and inflation. 9. From the space of classical solutions to the space of wavefunctions. 10. On the probability of quantum tunneling from 'nothing'. 11. Duration of inflation and possible remnants of the preinflationary Universe. 12. Relic gravitons and the birth of the Universe.
Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data

Activity recognition fits within the bigger framework of context awareness. In this paper, we report on our efforts to recognize user activity from accelerometer data. Activity recognition is formulated as a classification problem. Performance of base-level classifiers and meta-level classifiers is compared. Plurality Voting is found to perform consistently well across different settings.
POWER POINT OR CHALK AND BOARD – STUDENTS VIEW TOWARDS METHOD OF TEACHING ANATOMY

Address for Correspondence: Dr Rashmi C Goshi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Shivrathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru – 15, Karnataka, India. E-Mail: rashmigoshi@gmail.com Background: Traditionally most of the lectures are taken with chalk and board in India. However with economic growth, the use of computer assisted techniques is inevitable. The use of power point presentations has been increasingly adopted by many of the medical colleges. Aim: Present study assesses the student’s perspectives and preferences for chalk and board and power point. Materials and Methods: Twelve lectures were delivered to 1st MBBS students, each of 45 min6 by C&B and 6 by PPT. students were given a questionnaire seeking their opinions about helpfulness of teaching tools for reproducibility of diagrams and text in examination, retention of lecture information in memory and understanding of simple and complex concepts. Conclusion: We feel that PPT should be used as supplementary to enhance the efficacy of teaching. As suggested by recognizable number of students, both methods should be used in combination, as per need of the topic.
Design and validation of LupusCol, an instrument for the evaluation of health-related quality of life in Colombian adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to design and validate LupusCol, an instrument for the evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Colombian adult patients with SLE.


METHODS
Items and domains of the initial instrument were defined. Preliminary tests were made with the participation of patients. Validity and reliability tests of the administration method were conducted. Usability tests were applied to the version obtained in the previous phases to complete the validation process.


RESULTS
Following preliminary tests, six items and one domain were excluded and two new items were added to the instrument, producing a form with 44 questions and 7 domains, which was submitted for validity and reliability tests. Factor analysis excluded three items, obtaining a Pearson's correlation (PC) for the criteria validity of -0, 48; a Cronbach's α coefficient for internal consistency of 0, 96; an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for personal test-retest-telephone of 0.96 and an ICC personal test-retest-personal of 0.96. For interrater concordance a PC of 0.8, an ICC of 0.77 and a Lin's coefficient of 0.86 were found. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated through analysis of variance, obtaining significant indicators about the scale, demonstrating the instrument's ability to detect changes in HRQoL.


CONCLUSION
The design and validation process was completed successfully. The scale has significant values for validity, reliability and sensitivity to change in the studied population.
Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning Techniques

The eld of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning is now an active research area in its own right within AI (and also in Geographical Information Systems) having grown out of earlier work in philosophical logic and more general Qualitative Reasoning in AI. In this paper (which is an updated version of 25]) I will survey the state of the art in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning, covering representation and reasoning issues as well as pointing to some application areas. 1 What is Qualitative Reasoning? The principal goal of Qualitative Reasoning (QR) 129] is to represent not only our everyday commonsense knowledge about the physical world, but also the underlying abstractions used by engineers and scientists when they create quantitative models. Endowed with such knowledge, and appropriate reasoning methods , a computer could make predictions, diagnoses and explain the behaviour of physical systems in a qualitative manner, even when a precise quantitative description is not available 1 or is computationally intractable. The key to a qualitative representation is not simply that it is symbolic, and utilises discrete quantity spaces, but that the distinctions made in these discretisations are relevant to the behaviour being modelled { i.e. distinctions are only introduced if they are necessary to model some particular aspect of the domain with respect to the task in hand. Even very simple quantity spaces can be very useful, e.g. the quantity space consisting just of f?; 0; +g, representing the two semi-open intervals of the real number line, and their dividing point, is widely used in the literature, e.g. 129]. Given such a quantity space, one then wants to be able to compute with it. There is normally a natural ordering (either partial or total) associated with a quantity space, and one form of simple but eeective inference 1 Note that although one use for qualitative reasoning is that it allows inferences to be made in the absence of complete knowledge, it does this not by probabilistic or fuzzy techniques (which may rely on arbitrarily assigned probabilities or membership values) but by refusing to diierentiate between quantities unless there is suucient evidence to do so; this is achieved essentially by collapsingìndistinguishable' values into an equivalence class which becomes a qualitative quantity. (The case where the indistinguishability relation is not an equivalence relation has not been much considered, except by 86, 83].)
Rocky 7: a next generation Mars rover prototype

This paper provides a system overview of a new Mars rover prototype, Rocky 7 1. We describe all system aspects: mechanical and electrical design, computer and software infrastructure , algorithms for navigation and manipulation, science data acquisition, and outdoor rover testing. In each area, the improved or added functionality is explained in a context of its path to ight, and within the constraints of desired science missions.
An on-line algorithm for constrained Delaunay triangulation

A constrained Delaunay triangulation is a Delaunay triangulation of a set of points and straight-line segments. A constrained Delaunay triangulation is a basic tool for describing a topographic surface in several applications. In this paper, the definition of constrained Delaunay triangulation is introduced and its basic properties are discussed. Existing algorithms for constrained Delaunay triangulation are briefly analyzed. A new on-line algorithm for constrained Delaunay triangulation that is based on the stepwise refinement of an existing triangulation by the incremental insertion of points and constraint segments is proposed. o WJZ
Effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation method to predict postpeak circumpubertal growth of craniofacial structures.

INTRODUCTION
Our aim was to assess effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method to predict circumpubertal craniofacial growth in the postpeak period.


METHODS
The CVM stage was determined in 176 subjects (51 adolescent boys and 125 adolescent girls) on cephalograms taken at the end of treatment (T2; mean ages, 15.75 years [boys] and 15.23 years [girls]) in subjects from the postretention database at the University of Washington in Seattle. Craniofacial growth was evaluated from the following measurements on cephalograms at T2 and end of follow-up (T3) (mean ages, 29.01 years [men] and 28.08 years [women]): condylion to gnathion, condylion to gonion, gonion to gnathion, sella to gnathion, nasion to menton, anterior nasal spine to menton, and sella to gonion. The change of each variable from T2 to T3 was assessed with paired t tests. Parametric (t tests or analysis of variance [ANOVA]) or nonparametric (Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used to detect intergroup differences.


RESULTS
One hundred eight subjects (35 boys, 73 girls) demonstrated CVM stage 3, 56 (16 boys, 40 girls) were in CVM stage 4, and 12 (all girls) were in CVM stage 5 at T2. Intrasex comparisons showed that boys in CVM stages 3 and 4 could be differentiated regarding changes of all variables. In the girls, only those in CVM stages 3 and 4 could be differentiated based on the amount of changes of 2 measurements: condylion to gonion and sella to gonion. Intersex comparisons showed that boys in CVM stage 3 had significantly more changes than girls (P <0.01). Boys in CVM stage 4 showed significant differences compared with girls in CVM stage 4 for only 2 variables (sella to gonion and condylion to gonion; P <0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
The CVM method was modestly effective in determining the amount of postpeak circumpubertal craniofacial growth.
A Deep Neural Architecture for Sentence-level Sentiment Classification in Twitter Social Networking

This paper introduces a novel deep learning framework including a lexicon-based approach for sentencelevel prediction of sentiment label distribution. We propose to first apply semantic rules and then use a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DeepCNN) for character-level embeddings in order to increase information for word-level embedding. After that, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network (BiLSTM) produces a sentence-wide feature representation from the word-level embedding. We evaluate our approach on three twitter sentiment classification datasets. Experimental results show that our model can improve the classification accuracy of sentence-level sentiment analysis in Twitter social networking. Keywords-Twitter; Sentiment classification, Opinion mining.
A taxonomy to guide research on the application of data mining to fraud detection in financial statement audits

Article history: Received 1 June 2013 Received in revised form 26 December 2013 Accepted 15 May 2014 Available online 5 July 2014 This paper explores the application of data mining techniques to fraud detection in the audit offinancial statements andproposes a taxonomy to support and guide future research. Currently, the application of data mining to auditing is at an early stage of development and researchers take a scatter-shot approach, investigating patterns in financial statement disclosures, text in annual reports and MD&As, and the nature of journal entries without appropriate guidance being drawn from lessons in known fraud patterns. To develop structure to research in datamining, we create a taxonomy that combines research on patterns of observed fraud schemeswith an appreciation of areas that benefit fromproductive application of data mining. We encapsulate traditional views of data mining that operates primarily on quantitative data, such as financial statement and journal entry data. In addition, we draw on other forms of data mining, notably text and email mining. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The design and implementation of a notional machine for teaching introductory programming

Comprehension of programming and programs is known to be a difficult task for many beginning students, with many computing courses showing significant drop out and failure rates. In this paper, we present a new notional machine design and implementation to help with understanding of programming and its dynamics for beginning learners. The notional machine offers an abstraction of the physical machine designed for comprehension and learning purposes. We introduce the notional machine and describe an implementation in BlueJ.