LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics of Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and medusae in Jiaozhou Bay, China

The scyphozoan Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus) s. l., is a cosmopolitan species-complex which blooms seasonally in a variety of coastal and shelf sea environments around the world. We hypothesized that ephyrae of Aurelia sp.1 are released from the inner part of the Jiaozhou Bay, China when water temperature is below 15°C in late autumn and winter. The seasonal occurrence, growth, and variation of the scyphomedusa Aurelia sp.1 were investigated in Jiaozhou Bay from January 2011 to December 2011. Ephyrae occurred from May through June with a peak abundance of 2.38 ± 0.56 ind/m3 in May, while the temperature during this period ranged from 12 to 18°C. The distribution of ephyrae was mainly restricted to the coastal area of the bay, and the abundance was higher in the dock of the bay than at the other inner bay stations. Young medusae derived from ephyrae with a median diameter of 9.74 ± 1.7 mm were present from May 22. Growth was rapid from May 22 to July 2 with a maximum daily growth rate of 39%. Median diameter of the medusae was 161.80 ± 18.39 mm at the beginning of July. In August, a high proportion of deteriorated specimens was observed and the median diameter decreased. The highest average abundance is 0.62 ± 1.06 ind/km2 in Jiaozhou Bay in August. The abundance of Aurelia sp.1 medusae was low from September and then decreased to zero. It is concluded that water temperature is the main driver regulating the life cycle of Aurelia sp.1 in Jiaozhou Bay.
Safety of Terbutaline for Treatment of Acute Severe Pediatric Asthma.

OBJECTIVES
The use of continuous intravenous terbutaline treatment in severe asthma attacks has been hampered by the lack of well-powered clinical trials where effects of such treatment are described in detail. Here, we aimed to provide a descriptive report on the largest cohort of severe pediatric asthma patients treated with terbutaline.


METHODS
The study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit in a large metropolitan tertiary care university hospital on 124 patients receiving terbutaline infusion. To stratify the effect of, and determine any age-related differences of, terbutaline, the patients were divided into 3 age groups (0-6 years, 7-12 years, and 13-18 years). Clinical response and the potential harmful effects of terbutaline infusion were determined.


RESULTS
There were significant reductions in systolic (varying between 86% and 93% of the baseline) and diastolic blood pressures (varying between 74% and 86% of the baseline level). However, the values returned to baseline level shortly after discontinuation of infusion. Terbutaline increased heart rates in all groups shortly after initiation (9%-13% above baseline), which returned to below baseline levels 1 hour after discontinuation. Serum potassium levels were also reduced in all patients compared to their baseline values after initiation of terbutaline infusion. However, none of the subjects required potassium replacement.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that overall, terbutaline infusion was well tolerated without irreversible adverse effects of the treatment. Although hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances occurred, these were clinically easily managed and posed little risk in emergency department or pediatric intensive care unit.
Long-term efficacy results of EORTC genito-urinary group randomized phase 3 study 30911 comparing intravesical instillations of epirubicin, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus isoniazid in patients with intermediate- and high-risk stage Ta T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladd

BACKGROUND
Intravesical chemotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reduce the recurrence rate in patients with stage Ta T1 urothelial bladder cancer; however, the benefit of BCG relative to chemotherapy for long-term end points is controversial, especially in intermediate-risk patients.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to compare the long-term efficacy of BCG and epirubicin.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
From January 1992 to February 1997, 957 patients with intermediate- or high-risk stage Ta T1 urothelial bladder cancer were randomized after transurethral resection to one of three treatment groups in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group phase 3 trial 30911.


INTERVENTION
Patients received six weekly instillations of epirubicin, BCG, or BCG plus isoniazid (INH) followed by three weekly maintenance instillations at months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36.


MEASUREMENTS
End points were time to recurrence, progression, distant metastases, overall survival, and disease-specific survival.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
With 837 eligible patients and a median follow-up of 9.2 yr, time to first recurrence (p<0.001), distant metastases (p=0.046), overall survival (p=0.023), and disease-specific survival (p=0.026) were significantly longer in the two BCG arms combined as compared with epirubicin; however, there was no difference for progression. Three hundred twenty-three patients with stage T1 or grade 3 tumors were high risk, and the remaining 497 patients were intermediate risk. The observed treatment benefit was at least as large, if not larger, in the intermediate-risk patients compared with the high-risk patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with intermediate- and high-risk stage Ta and T1 urothelial bladder cancer, intravesical BCG with or without INH is superior to intravesical epirubicin not only for time to first recurrence but also for time to distant metastases, overall survival, and disease-specific survival. The benefit of BCG is not limited to just high-risk patients; intermediate-risk patients also benefit from BCG.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered with the US National Cancer Institute clinical trials database [protocol ID: EORTC-30911]. http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=77075&version=HealthProfessional&protocolsearchid=6540260.
An Analysis of the Inverse Kinematics for a 5-DOF Manipulator

This paper proposes an analytical solution for a 5-DOF manipulator to follow a given trajectory while keeping the orientation of one axis in the end-effector frame. The forward kinematics and inverse kinematics for a 5-DOF manipulator are analyzed systemically. The singular problem is discussed after the forward kinematics is provided. For any given reachable position and orientation of the end-effector, the derived inverse kinematics will provide an accurate solution. In other words, there exists no singular problem for the 5-DOF manipulator, which has wide application areas such as welding, spraying, and painting. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of the methods developed in this paper.
Job satisfaction in nurses working in tertiary level health care settings of Islamabad, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND
Job satisfaction greatly determines the productivity and efficiency of human resource for health. It literally means: 'the extent to which Health Professionals like or dislike their jobs'. Job satisfaction is said to be linked with employee's work environment, job responsibilities, and powers; and time pressure among various health professionals. As such it affects employee's organizational commitment and consequently the quality of health services. Objective of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction and factors influencing it among nurses in a public sector hospital of Islamabad.


METHODS
A cross sectional study with self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted in the federal capital of Pakistan, Islamabad. Sample included 56 qualified nurses working in a tertiary care hospital.


RESULTS
Overall 86% respondents were dissatisfied with about 26% highly dissatisfied with their job. The work environments, poor fringe benefits, dignity, responsibility given at workplace and time pressure were reason for dissatisfaction. Poor work environment, low salaries, lack of training opportunities, proper supervision, time pressure and financial rewards reported by the respondents.


CONCLUSION
Our findings state a low level of overall satisfaction among workers in a public sector tertiary care health organization in Islamabad. Most of this dissatisfaction is caused by poor salaries, not given the due respect, poor work environment, unbalanced responsibilities with little overall control, time pressure, patient care and lack of opportunities for professional development.
HIF-1α Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis through Direct Regulation of ZEB1 in Colorectal Cancer

It is well recognized that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is involved in cancer metastasis, chemotherapy and poor prognosis. We previously found that deferoxamine, a hypoxia-mimetic agent, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer. Therefore, here we explored a new molecular mechanism for HIF-1α contributing to EMT and cancer metastasis through binding to ZEB1. In this study, we showed that overexpression of HIF-1α with adenovirus infection promoted EMT, cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. On a molecular level, HIF-1α directly binding to the proximal promoter of ZEB1 via hypoxia response element (HRE) sites thus increasing the transactivity and expression of ZEB1. In addition, inhibition of ZEB1 was able to abrogate the HIF-1α-induced EMT and cell invasion. HIF-1α expression was highly correlated with the expression of ZEB1 in normal colorectal epithelium, primary and metastatic CRC tissues. Interestingly, both HIF-1α and ZEB1 were positively associated with Vimentin, an important mesenchymal marker of EMT, whereas negatively associated with E-cadherin expression. These findings suggest that HIF-1α enhances EMT and cancer metastasis by binding to ZEB1 promoter in CRC. HIF-1α and ZEB1 are both widely considered as tumor-initiating factors, but our results demonstrate that ZEB1 is a direct downstream of HIF-1α, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism for HIF-1α-inducing EMT and cancer metastasis.
The Tree of Knowledge: a localized collective intelligence tool

In this work, we implemented a localized collective intelligence tool called the Tree of Knowledge that represents the on-going knowledge activities in a building. The Tree of Knowledge can increase the awareness of who knows what in the building and trigger more face-to-face interactions and collaborations. We pointed out the importance of localized, motivation, informal, and openness in designing such collective intelligence tools. Further applications and implications are discussed.
Congenital vaginal obstructions: varied presentation and outcome

Congenital obstructing lesions of vagina, hydrometrocolpos, and hematocolpos, present at a variable time during early childhood and adolescence to different medical and surgical specialties. Twenty-six cases presenting over an 18-years period (1987–2005) were divided into three groups; Group A: neonates (6), Group B: adolescents (18), and Group C: adults (2). Common presentations in neonates (Group A) were abdominal mass (5), neonatal sepsis (3), and respiratory distress (2); whereas abdominal pain (18), voiding dysfunctions (13), and backache (7) were prevalent in adolescents (Group B). Adults (Group C) presented with inability to consummate and infertility (2). Four patients received erroneous treatment; exploratory laparotomy (1) and appendectomy (3). Urinary symptoms and associated urinary abnormalities were present in more than 50% of cases, especially those with complex anomalies. Management included excision of imperforate hymen (16) and transverse vaginal septum (8) through perineal (20) and abdominoperineal approach (4). Patients with urogenital sinus (1) and cloacal malformation (1) had staged reconstruction at 2.5 years of age following preliminary vesicostomy and colostomy at birth. On follow up (range 1–15 years; mean 7) more than 60% patients have menstrual irregularity (11), endometriosis (5), and infertility (4). In conclusion, rarity and variable presentation of congenital vaginal obstructions can lead to delayed diagnosis and erroneous management. A high index of suspicion and cross-sectional imaging help in early diagnosis and associated renal anomalies. A comprehensive management is imperative to preserve the reproductive potentials, as significant proportion of patients may experience sexual difficulties, menstrual irregularity, and infertility.
Influence of anterior periaortic fat pad excision on incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE
In humans, the existence of an anterior periaortic fat pad (AFP) containing parasympathetic ganglia has been described in the aortopulmonary window. Changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) tone can lead to postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The AFP is usually removed during coronary bypass grafting (CABG) to fully expose the aortic root. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of AFP removal during CABG on the ANS tone, incidence of POAF, hospital stay, and in-hospital morbidity and mortality.


METHODS
A total of 215 patients were randomized in this prospective, double-blind trial to either removal (n=107) or maintenance (n=108) of the AFP during their first CABG. All patients underwent continuous telemetry monitoring after surgery. They underwent at least 1-h Holter monitoring on the second postoperative day. Heart rate variability measurements of both time-domain and frequency-domain analysis were included. POAF was defined as AF for more than 5min or causing hemodynamic instability.


RESULTS
The mean age was nearly 58 years, and 76% were male. There was no difference in the incidence of POAF between the retained and removed AFP groups (19.3% vs 17%, respectively; P=0.664, odds ratio=1.16). Mean heart rate and heart rate variability parameters, in-hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity and mortality were similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Removal of the AFP during CABG has no significant effect on the incidence of POAF, ANS tone, and postoperative morbidity or mortality.
Eating disorders

Eating disorders are an important cause of physical and psychosocial morbidity in adolescent girls and young adult women. They are much less frequent in men. Eating disorders are divided into three diagnostic categories: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and the atypical eating disorders. However, the disorders have many features in common and patients frequently move between them, so for the purposes of this Seminar we have adopted a transdiagnostic perspective. The cause of eating disorders is complex and badly understood. There is a genetic predisposition, and certain specific environmental risk factors have been implicated. Research into treatment has focused on bulimia nervosa, and evidence-based management of this disorder is possible. A specific form of cognitive behaviour therapy is the most effective treatment, although few patients seem to receive it in practice. Treatment of anorexia nervosa and atypical eating disorders has received remarkably little research attention.
On α ∗ -ψ-Contractive Multi-Valued Operators in b-Metric Spaces and Applications

In this paper, we will prove some existence and uniqueness theorems for α∗-ψ contractive type operators defined over b- metric spaces. In particular, we will provide results relat ed to Ulam-Hyers stability, well-posedness and limit shadowing. The theorems presented will extend, generalize or unify several statements currently exist in the literature on those topics. We wil l also give examples to illustrate the applications our results. Subject class: (2000)46T99, 47H10; 54H25.
eCryptfs: An Enterprise-class Encrypted Filesystem for Linux

eCryptfs is a cryptographic filesystem for Linux that stacks on top of existing filesystems. It provides functionality similar to that of GnuPG, except the process of encrypting and decrypting the data is done transparently from the perspective of the application. eCryptfs leverages the recently introduced Linux kernel keyring service, the kernel cryptographic API, the Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) framework, OpenSSL/GPGME, the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), and the GnuPG keyring in order to make the process of key and authentication token management seamless to the end user. 1 Enterprise Requirements Any cryptographic application is hard to implement correctly and hard to effectively deploy. When key management and interaction with the cryptographic processes are cumbersome and unwieldy, people will tend to ignore, disable, or circumvent the security measures. They will select insecure passphrases, mishandle their secret keys, or fail to encrypt their sensitive data altogether. This places the confidentiality and the integrity of the data in jeopardy of compromise in the event of unauthorized access to the media on which the data is stored. While users and administrators take great pains to configure access control mechanisms, including measures such as user account and privilege separation, Mandatory Access Control[13], and biometric identification, they often fail to fully consider the circumstances where none of these technologies can have any effect – for example, when the media itself is separated from the control of its host environment. In these cases, access control must be enforced via cryptography. When a business process incorporates a cryptographic solution, it must take several issues into account. How will this affect incremental backups? What sort of mitigation is in place to address key loss? What sort of education is required on the part of the employees? What should the policies be? Who should decide them, and how are they expressed? How disruptive or costly will this technology be? What class of cryptography is appropriate, given the risks? Just what are the risks, anyway? Whenever sensitive data is involved, it is incumbent upon those responsible for the information to reflect on these sorts of questions and to take action accordingly. We see today that far too many businesses ne-
What ever happened to Germany? Is the decline of the former european key currency country caused by structural sclerosis or by macroeconomic mismanagement?

This paper challenges the institutional sclerosis view of the German crisis according to which rigid labour markets and generous welfare state institutions have driven Germany into its position as „Europe’s sick man“. In general, the view is not convincing, because the underlying hypotheses about the effects of labour market regulation and welfare state institutions on employment and growth cannot unambiguously be derived from modern labour market theory and are at least partially at odds with accepted empirical findings. In particular, the explanation is unconvincing, because in international comparison Germany’s labour market and welfare state institutions are simply not as sclerotic as often supposed. In most of the aggregate indicators for structural rigidities Germany is not worse than the average OECD or EU country. Moreover, there is a macroeconomic explanation focusing on the combined effects of restrictive and pro-cyclical monetary, fiscal and wage policies in Germany that is broadly consistent with modern macroeconomic theory and is supported by empirical data. What ever happened to Germany? Is the decline of the former European key currency country caused by structural sclerosis or by macroeconomic mismanagement?
Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: economic analysis of randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost effectiveness of standard treatment with and without the addition of ward based non-invasive ventilation in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


DESIGN
Incremental cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
Medical wards in 14 hospitals in the United Kingdom.


PARTICIPANTS
The trial comprised 236 patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild to moderate acidosis (pH 7.25-7.35) secondary to respiratory failure. The economic analysis compared the costs of treatment that these patients received after randomisation.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Incremental cost per in-hospital death.


RESULTS
24/118 died in the group receiving standard treatment and 12/118 in the group receiving non-invasive ventilation (P=0.05). Allocation to the group receiving non-invasive ventilation was associated with a reduction in costs of 49362 pounds sterling (78741 dollars; 73109 euros), mainly through reduced use of intensive care units. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio was -645 pounds sterling per death avoided (95% confidence interval -2310 pounds sterling to 386 pounds sterling), indicating a dominant (more effective and less costly) strategy. Modelling of these data indicates that a typical UK hospital providing a non-invasive ventilation service will avoid six deaths and three to nine admissions to intensive care units per year, with an associated cost reduction of 12000-53000 pounds sterling per year.


CONCLUSIONS
Non-invasive ventilation is a highly cost effective treatment that both reduced total costs and improved mortality in hospital.
Bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion during surgery on the proximal thoracic aorta

Objective: To assess risk factors for hospital death and neurologic outcome after surgery on the proximal thoracic aorta using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion. Methods: From October 1995 through June 1999, 163 patients with a mean age of 63 ^ 11 years underwent surgery using bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion. Degenerative aneurysms (55%) and acute type A dissection (28%) were the predominant indications for operation. Forty-six (28%) operations were considered as emergency procedure. Twenty-four (15%) procedures were reoperations. Results: Mean ASCP time was 48 ^ 20 min. Hospital mortality was 8.6% (n  14; 70% con®dence limit (CL): 6.4±10.8%). Univariate risk factors for hospital mortality were acute type A dissection (P  0:003), central neurologic damage ,24 h before the operation (P  0:000), preoperative hemodynamic instability (P  0:034), and rethoracotomy for any cause (P  0:036). Logistic regression analysis identi®ed central neurologic damage ,24 h (P  0:006, odds ratio 14) as an independent risk factor. Temporary neurologic damage occurred in 3.8% (n  6; 70% CL: 2.3±5.3%) of patients. Logistic regression analysis indicated preoperative hemodynamic instability (P  0:003, odds ratio 13) as an independent risk factor. Perioperative permanent central neurologic damage was reported in another 3.8% (n  6; 70% CL: 2.3±5.3%) patients. Acute type A dissection (P  0:018, odds ratio 8) and the non-use of a midline sternotomy (P  0:049, odds ratio 8) were retained as independent risk factors. Conclusion: Hospital mortality and perioperative neurologic complications are not signi®cantly in ̄uenced by the duration of antegrade selective cerebral perfusion. Overall complication rate is low. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
EU Enlargement and the Internal Geography of Countries

This paper focuses on the relation between economic integration and the location of economic activity in a country. We extend a new economic geography model in which trade liberalization affects both the agglomeration and dispersion forces that shape the spatial equilibrium. We show that integration generally fosters spatial concentration in the region that has a pronounced advantage in terms of its access to international markets, unless competitive pressure from foreign firms is too high. Our results shed light on the optimal currency area debate concerning the enlarged European Union. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (2) (2004) 265–279. TEAM, University of Paris I, CNRS, France; CREST, J360, 15 Bd Gabriel Péri, 92245 Malakoff cedex, France.  2004 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.