LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Software fault prediction metrics: A systematic literature review

Context: Software metrics may be used in fault prediction models to improve software quality by predicting fault location. Objective: This paper aims to identify software metrics and to assess their applicability in software fault prediction. We investigated the influence of context on metrics’ selection and performance. Method: This systematic literature review includes 106 papers published between 1991–2011. The selected papers are classified according to metrics and context properties. Results: Object-oriented metrics (49%) were used nearly twice as often compared to traditional source code metrics (27%) or process metrics (24%). Chidamber and Kemerer’s (CK) object-oriented metrics were most frequently used. According to the selected studies there are significant differences between the metrics used in fault prediction performance. Object-oriented and process metrics have been reported to be more successful in finding faults compared to traditional size and complexity metrics. Process metrics seem to be better at predicting post-release faults compared to any static code metrics. Conclusion: More studies should be performed on large industrial software systems to find metrics more relevant for the industry and to answer the question as to which metrics should be used in a given context.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Ketamine in Major Depressive Disorder

BACKGROUND
The N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine, delivered via an intravenous route, has shown rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The current study was designed to test the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intranasal ketamine in patients with depression who had failed at least one prior antidepressant trial.


METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 20 patients with major depression were randomly assigned, and 18 completed 2 treatment days with intranasal ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg) or saline solution. The primary efficacy outcome measure was change in depression severity 24 hours after ketamine or placebo, measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included persistence of benefit, changes in self-reports of depression, changes in anxiety, and proportion of responders. Potential psychotomimetic, dissociative, hemodynamic, and general adverse effects associated with ketamine were also measured.


RESULTS
Patients showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms at 24 hours after ketamine compared to placebo (t = 4.39, p < .001; estimated mean Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score difference of 7.6 ± 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-11.3). Response criteria were met by 8 of 18 patients (44%) 24 hours after ketamine administration compared with 1 of 18 (6%) after placebo (p = .033). Intranasal ketamine was well tolerated with minimal psychotomimetic or dissociative effects and was not associated with clinically significant changes in hemodynamic parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first controlled evidence for the rapid antidepressant effects of intranasal ketamine. Treatment was associated with minimal adverse effects. If replicated, these findings may lead to novel approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of patients with major depression.
The Ontop Framework for Ontology Based Data Access

Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA) [4] is a paradigm of accessing data trough a conceptual layer. Usually, the conceptual layer is expressed in the form of an RDF(S) [10] or OWL [15] ontology, and the data is stored in relational databases. The terms in the conceptual layer are mapped to the data layer using mappings which associate to each element of the conceptual layer a (possibly complex SQL) query over the data sources. The mappings have been formalized in the recent R2RML W3C standard [6]. This virtual graph can then be queried using an RDF query language such as SPARQL [7]. Formally, an OBDA system is a triple O = 〈T ,S,M〉, where:
Fuzzy Logic Controller for BLDC Permanent Magnet Motor Drives

This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) permanent magnet motor drives. Initially a fuzzy logic controller is developed using MATLAB Fuzzy-Logic Toolbox and then inserted into the Simulink model. The dynamic characteristics of the brushless DC motor such as speed, torque, current and voltage of the inverter components are observed and analyzed using the developed MATLAB model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the controller, the simulation results are compared with TMS320F2808 DSP experimental results. The simulation and experimental results show that the brushless direct current motor (BLDC) is successfully and efficiently controlled by the Fuzzy logic controller. Index Term— Fuzzy logic controller, BLDC motor drives, Digital Signal Processing
A randomized intervention since infancy to reduce intake of saturated fat: calorie (energy) and nutrient intakes up to the age of 10 years in the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the longitudinal impact of dietary counseling on children's nutrient intake.


DESIGN
A prospective, randomized, clinical trial.


PARTICIPANTS
Children were recruited to the study between December 1, 1989, and May 30, 1992. At the age of 7 months, children were randomized to the intervention group (n = 540) or the control group (n = 522) and were followed up until the age of 10 years. Intervention Families in the intervention group have, since randomization, received regularly individualized counseling about how to modify the quality and quantity of fat in the child's diet, the goal being an unsaturated-saturated fat ratio of 2:1.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Nutrient intakes between the ages of 4 and 10 years based on annual 4-day food records.


RESULTS
The fat intake of the intervention children was constantly around 30% of the calorie (energy) intake, while that of the control children was 2 to 3 calorie percentage units higher (P<.001). The intervention children received 2 to 3 calorie percentage units less saturated fats and 0.5 to 1.0 calorie percentage unit more polyunsaturated fats than the control children (P<.001 for both). However, neither group reached the 2:1 goal set for the unsaturated-saturated fatty acid ratio. The vitamin and mineral intakes of the intervention and control children closely resembled each other despite the marked differences in fat intake.


CONCLUSION
Individualized, biannually given, fat intake-focused dietary counseling that began at the child's age of 8 months continued to influence favorably the diet of 4- to 10-year-old intervention children without disadvantageous dietary effects, but the 2:1 goal for unsaturated-saturated fat ratio was not reached.
Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in treating infants with symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that have persisted despite a >or= 1-week course of nonpharmacologic management.


STUDY DESIGN
This multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized infants with persisting symptoms attributed to GERD to treatment with lansoprazole or placebo for 4 weeks. Symptoms were tracked through daily diaries and weekly visits. Efficacy was defined primarily by a >or= 50% reduction in measures of feeding-related crying and secondarily by changes in other symptoms and global assessments. Safety was assessed based on the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and clinical/laboratory data.


RESULTS
Of the 216 infants screened, 162 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were randomized. Of those, 44/81 infants (54%) in each group were responders--identical for lansoprazole and placebo. No significant lansoprazole-placebo differences were detected in any secondary measures or analyses of efficacy. During double-blind treatment, 62% of lansoprazole-treated subjects experienced 1 or more treatment-emergent AEs, versus 46% of placebo recipients (P= .058). Serious AEs (SAEs), particularly lower respiratory tract infections, occurred in 12 infants, significantly more frequently in the lansoprazole group compared with the placebo group (10 vs 2; P= .032).


CONCLUSIONS
This study detected no difference in efficacy between lansoprazole and placebo for symptoms attributed to GERD in infants age 1 to 12 months. SAEs, particularly lower respiratory tract infections, occurred more frequently with lansoprazole than with placebo.
Ego Depletion Is Not Just Fatigue: Evidence From a Total Sleep Deprivation Experiment

Is the self-regulation failure that comes from prior exertions of self-regulation—the ego-depletion effect—the result of fatigue? A reading of the literature suggests that self-regulatory resource depletion and fatigue might be overlapping constructs, but direct empirical evidence is lacking. The authors put this question to the test by subjecting half of their participants to total sleep deprivation for 24 hours whereas others were rested; they crossed this factor with a self-regulation manipulation in which participants did or did not suppress their emotional reactions to a film. The authors’ measure of self-regulation was aggressive responses in a game involving blasting noise at an opponent. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of sleep deprivation on aggression. In confirmation of the limited-resource model, the authors found that depleted participants were more aggressive than nondepleted participants (irrespective of fatigue condition). Lax self-regulation seems to be from a lack of self-regulatory capacity, not fatigue.
EKHunter: A Counter-Offensive Toolkit for Exploit Kit Infiltration

The emergence of exploit kits is one of the most important developments in modern cybercrime. Much of cybersecurity research in the recent years has been devoted towards defending citizens from harm delivered through exploit kits. In this paper, we examine an alternate, counter-offensive strategy towards combating cybercrime launched through exploit kits. Towards this goal, we survey a wide range of 30 real-world exploit kits and analyze a counter-offensive adversarial model against the kits and kit operator. Guided by our analysis, we present a systematic methodology for examining a given kit to determine where vulnerabilities may reside within its serverside implementation. In our experiments, we found over 180 vulnerabilities among 16 exploit kits of those surveyed, and were able to automatically synthesize exploits for infiltrating 6 of them. The results validate our hypothesis that exploit kits largely lack sophistication necessary to resist counter-offensive activities. We then propose the design of EKHUNTER, a system that is capable of automatically detecting the presence of exploit vulnerabilities and deriving laboratory test cases that can compromise both the integrity of a fielded exploit kit, and even the identity of the kit operator. Keywords— exploit kits, web malware, offensive technologies, cybercrime.
High-dose atorvastatin does not negatively influence clinical outcomes among clopidogrel treated acute coronary syndrome patients--a Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22) analysis.

BACKGROUND
Clopidogrel is inactive in vitro and is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450-3A4 to produce active metabolites. Unlike pravastatin, atorvastatin is a statin that is subject to metabolism by cytochrome P-450-3A4, and drug-drug interactions with other potent inhibitors of this cytochrome system have been demonstrated. However, the clinical impact of this interaction has created debate.


METHODS
In the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 study, 4162 patients with an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to pravastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg daily. The primary efficacy outcome measure was the time from randomization until the first occurrence of a component of the primary end point: death from any cause, myocardial infarction, documented unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, revascularization with either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, or stroke.


RESULTS
At 30 days, there was a trend for less occurrence of the primary end point in patients randomized to atorvastatin compared with pravastatin, irrespective of whether they were taking clopidogrel. This becomes significant at 2-year follow-up in clopidogrel-treated patients (21.66 % vs 26.18% P = .0091). There was no evidence of interaction in the clopidogrel/no clopidogrel subgroup for the primary end point (interaction P = .65) or the components of the composite.


CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the beneficial affects of atorvastatin 80 mg in reducing the primary end point at 2 years is independent of coadministration with clopidogrel.
Accuracy of stereolithography additive casts used in a digital workflow.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Despite the increasing demand for a digital workflow in the fabrication of indirect restorations, information on the accuracy of the resulting definitive casts is limited.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of definitive casts produced with digital scans and conventional impressions.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Chamfer preparations were made on the maxillary right canine and second molar of a typodont. Subsequently, 9 conventional impressions were made to produce 9 gypsum casts, and 9 digital scans were made to produce stereolithography additive (SLA) casts from 2 manufacturers: 9 Dreve SLA casts and 9 Scanbiz SLA casts. All casts were then scanned 9 times with an extraoral scanner to produce the reference data set. Trueness was evaluated by superimposing the data sets obtained by scanning the casts with the reference data set. Precision was evaluated by analyzing the deviations among repeated scans. The root mean square (RMS) and percentage of points aligned within the nominal values (±50 μm) of the 3-dimensional analysis were calculated by the software.


RESULTS
Gypsum had the best alignment (within 50 μm) with the reference data set (median 95.3%, IQR 16.7) and the least RMS (median 25.8 μm, IQR 14.6), followed by Dreve and Scanbiz. Differences in RMS were observed between gypsum and the SLA casts (P<.001). Within 50 μm, gypsum was superior to Scanbiz (P<.001). Gypsum casts exhibited the highest precision, showing the best alignment (within 50 μm) and the least RMS, followed by Scanbiz and Dreve.


CONCLUSIONS
This study found that gypsum casts had higher accuracy than SLA casts. Within 50 μm, gypsum casts were better than Scanbiz SLA casts, while gypsum casts and Dreve SLA casts had similar trueness. Significant differences were found among the investigated SLA casts used in the digital workflow.
Circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in relation to prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

BACKGROUND
Determinants of one-carbon metabolism, such as folate and vitamin B(12), have been implicated in cancer development. Previous studies have not provided conclusive evidence for the importance of circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) in prostate cancer etiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) in a large prospective cohort.


METHODS
We analyzed circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) in 869 cases and 1,174 controls, individually matched on center, age, and date of recruitment, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Relative risks (RR) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Overall, no significant associations were observed for circulating concentrations of folate (P(trend) = 0.62) or vitamin B(12) (P(trend) = 0.21) with prostate cancer risk. RRs for a doubling in folate and vitamin B(12) concentrations were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.92-1.16] and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.94-1.35), respectively. In the subgroup of cases diagnosed with advanced stage prostate cancer, elevated concentrations of vitamin B(12) were associated with increased risk (RR for a doubling in concentration, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.72, P(trend) = 0.03). No other subgroup analyses resulted in a statistically significant association.


CONCLUSION
This study does not provide strong support for an association between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate or vitamin B(12). Elevated concentrations of vitamin B(12) may be associated with an increased risk for advanced stage prostate cancer, but this association requires examination in other large prospective studies.
An Integrated Control of Differential Braking, Front/Rear Traction, and Active Roll Moment for Limit Handling Performance

This paper describes an integrated chassis control (ICC) algorithm of differential braking, front/rear traction torque, and active roll moment control. The integrated control algorithm is designed to maximize driving velocity and enhance vehicle lateral stability in cornering. The target longitudinal acceleration is determined based on the driver's intention and vehicle current status to ensure vehicle lateral stability in high-speed maneuvering. An optimization-based control allocation strategy is used to distribute the actuator control inputs optimally under consideration of tire and vehicle limitations. Closed-loop simulations of a driver-vehicle-controller system were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed control algorithm. The performance of the ICC has been compared with those of individual chassis control systems, such as electronic stability control, four-wheel drive (4WD), and active roll control system. The simulation results show that the proposed ICC algorithm improves the performance in high-speed cornering with respect to driving speed without losing stability, compared with individual chassis control systems.
Making the Case for Landscape Ecology An Effective Approach to Urban Sustainability Jianguo ( Jingle )

Urban sustainability is one of the most pressing and challenging tasks facing humanity today because cities are the primary sources of major environmental problems, the centers of economic and social developments, and home to more than half of the world population. While the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability are equally important in principle, the ecology of cities is arguably least studied. But this situation has been changing rapidly in recent years. In this paper, the author compares and contrasts different perspectives in urban ecology and examines their relevance to urban sustainability. While all perspectives are useful in some ways, the author argues, a landscape ecology perspective that integrates elements of sustainability science seems most comprehensive and effective. This integrative perspective views humans as powerful “ecosystem engineers” or agents that are critically important for developing urban sustainability. It focuses on the human landscape scale that is large enough to include key ecological and socioeconomic processes and small enough to allow for detailed mechanistic studies. The landscape ecology approach also emphasizes the interrelationship between urban landscape patterns and ecological / socioeconomic processes on different scales, and encourages placebased research that integrates ecology with planning, design, and other social sciences.
Comparing different post-mortem human samples as DNA sources for downstream genotyping and identification.

The capability of DNA laboratories to perform genotyping procedures from post-mortem remains, including those that had undergone putrefaction, continues to be a challenge in the Philippines, a country characterized by very humid and warm conditions all year round. These environmental conditions accelerate the decomposition of human remains that were recovered after a disaster and those that were left abandoned after a crime. When considerable tissue decomposition of human remains has taken place, there is no other option but to extract DNA from bone and/or teeth samples. Routinely, femur shafts are obtained from recovered bodies for human identification because the calcium matrix protects the DNA contained in the osteocytes. In the Philippines, there is difficulty in collecting femur samples after natural disasters or even human-made disasters, because these events are usually characterized by a large number of fatalities. Identification of casualties is further delayed by limitation in human and material resources. Hence, it is imperative to test other types of biological samples that are easier to collect, transport, process and store. We analyzed DNA that were obtained from body fluid, bone marrow, muscle tissue, clavicle, femur, metatarsal, patella, rib and vertebral samples from five recently deceased untreated male cadavers and seven male human remains that were embalmed, buried for ∼ 1 month and then exhumed. The bodies had undergone different environmental conditions and were in various stages of putrefaction. A DNA extraction method utilizing a detergent-washing step followed by an organic procedure was used. The utility of bone marrow and vitreous fluid including bone marrow and vitreous fluid that was transferred on FTA(®) cards and subjected to autosomal STR and Y-STR DNA typing were also evaluated. DNA yield was measured and the presence or absence of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracts was assessed using Plexor(®)HY. All samples were amplified using PowerPlex(®)21 and PowerPlexY(®)23 systems and analyzed using the AB3500 Genetic Analyzer and the GeneMapper(®) ID-X v.1.2 software. PCR inhibitors were consistently detected in bone marrow, muscle tissue, rib and vertebra samples. Amplifiable DNA was obtained in a majority of the samples analyzed. DNA recovery from 0.1g biological material was adequate for successful genotyping of most of the non-bone and bone samples. Complete DNA profiles were generated from bone marrow, femur, metatarsal and patella with 0.1 ng DNA template. Using 0.5 ng DNA template resulted in increased allele recovery and improved intra- and inter-locus peak balance.
Determinants of regulated nurses' intention to stay in long-term care homes.

AIM
To examine determinants of intent to stay among regulated nurses employed in long-term care facilities.


BACKGROUND
Elderly persons living in long-term care have increasingly complex care needs, putting greater demands on health-care providers. Indeed, regulated nursing staff employed in long-term care facilities represent the largest group of health-care providers who intend to leave their current jobs.


METHODS
Survey responses from 155 nurses from 12 long-term care facilities were analyzed to test the impact of six predictors on intent to stay.


RESULTS
Intention to stay was positively associated with lower burnout, higher job satisfaction, older nurses and resident relationships. Work relationships were negatively associated with intention to stay. Leadership support was not a significant predictor.


CONCLUSION
Most predictors were correlated with intention to stay as hypothesized. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of management practices and work relationships on regulated nursing staff's intent to stay in long-term care.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
To retain qualified nursing staff and ensure quality of care, long-term care administrators should focus on creating a work environment that reduces burnout, increases job satisfaction, and enables nurses to foster relationships with residents. Recommendations for long-term care administrators include: (1) provide opportunities for self-scheduling, full-time work and benefits; (2) develop models of care that enhance resident relationships; (3) examine existing regulated nursing staff responsibilities and adjust to minimize burnout.