LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improving Language Estimation with the Paragraph Vector Model for Ad-hoc Retrieval

Incorporating topic level estimation into language models has been shown to be beneficial for information retrieval (IR) models such as cluster-based retrieval and LDA-based document representation. Neural embedding models, such as paragraph vector (PV) models, on the other hand have shown their effectiveness and efficiency in learning semantic representations of documents and words in multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their effectiveness in information retrieval is mostly unknown. In this paper, we study how to effectively use the PV model to improve ad-hoc retrieval. We propose three major improvements over the original PV model to adapt it for the IR scenario: (1) we use a document frequency-based rather than the corpus frequency-based negative sampling strategy so that the importance of frequent words will not be suppressed excessively; (2) we introduce regularization over the document representation to prevent the model overfitting short documents along with the learning iterations; and (3) we employ a joint learning objective which considers both the document-word and word-context associations to produce better word probability estimation. By incorporating this enhanced PV model into the language modeling framework, we show that it can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art topic enhanced language models.
Me and my 400 friends: the anatomy of college students' Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being.

Is there a trade-off between having large networks of social connections on social networking sites such as Facebook and the development of intimacy and social support among today's generation of emerging adults? To understand the socialization context of Facebook during the transition to adulthood, an online survey was distributed to college students at a large urban university; participants answered questions about their relationships by systematically sampling their Facebook contacts while viewing their Facebook profiles online. Results confirmed that Facebook facilitates expansive social networks that grow disproportionately through distant kinds of relationship (acquaintances and activity connections), while also expanding the number of close relationships and stranger relationships, albeit at slower rates. Those with larger networks estimated that larger numbers of contacts in their networks were observing their status updates, a form of public communication to one's entire contact list. The major function of status updates was emotional disclosure, the key feature of intimacy. This finding indicates the transformation of the nature of intimacy in the environment of a social network site. In addition, larger networks and larger estimated audiences predicted higher levels of life satisfaction and perceived social support on Facebook. These findings emphasize the psychological importance of audience in the Facebook environment. Findings also suggest that social networking sites help youth to satisfy enduring human psychosocial needs for permanent relations in a geographically mobile world--college students with higher proportions of maintained contacts from the past (primarily high school friends) perceived Facebook as a more useful tool for procuring social support.
Neurological disease, emotional disorder, and disability: they are related: a study of 300 consecutive new referrals to a neurology outpatient department.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients referred to general neurology outpatient clinics, to compare disability and number of somatic symptoms in patients with and without emotional disorder, the relation to neurological disease, and assess the need for psychiatric treatment as perceived by patients and doctors.


METHODS
A prospective cohort study set in a regional neurology service in Edinburgh, Scotland. The subjects were 300 newly referred consecutive outpatients who were assessed for DSM IV anxiety and depressive disorders (PRIME-MD, and HAD), health status, and disability (SF-36), and patients', GPs' and neurologists' ratings of the need for patient to receive psychiatric or psychological treatment.


RESULTS
Of 300 new patients, 140 (47%) met criteria for one or more DSM IV anxiety or depressive diagnosis. Major depression was the most common (27%). A comparison of patients with and without emotional disorder showed that physical function, physical role functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning were worse in patients with emotional disorders (p<0. 0005). The median number of somatic symptoms was greater in patients with emotional disorders (p<0.0005). These differences were independent of the presence of neurological disease. Few patients wished to receive psychiatric or psychological treatments. Both general practitioners and neurologists were more likely to recommend psychiatric treatment when the patients' symptoms were medically unexplained.


CONCLUSIONS
Almost half of new referrals to general neurology clinics met criteria for a DSM IV psychiatric diagnosis. These patients were more disabled, and had more somatic symptoms. They expressed little enthusiasm for receiving psychiatric treatment.
On reconstruction of signed permutations distorted by reversal errors

The problem of reconstructing signed permutations on n elements from their erroneous patterns distorted by reversal errors is considered in this paper. A reversal is the operation of taking a segment of the signed permutation, reversing it, and flipping the signs of its elements. The reversal metric is defined as the least number of reversals transforming one signed permutation into another. It is proved that for any n 2 an arbitrary signed permutation is uniquely reconstructible from three distinct signed permutations at reversal distance at most one from the signed permutation. The proposed approach is based on the investigation of structural properties of a Cayley graph G2n whose vertices form a subgroup of the symmetric group Sym2n. It is also proved that an arbitrary signed permutation is reconstructible from two distinct signed permutations with probability p2 ∼ 3 as n→∞. In the case of at most two reversal errors it is shown that at least n(n+ 1) distinct erroneous patterns are required in order to reconstruct an arbitrary signed permutation. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sustainability and Convergence: The Future of Corporate Governance Systems?

In today’s world, a sustainable approach to corporate governance can be a source of competitive advantage and a long-term success factor for any firm. Sustainable governance requires that the board of directors considers economic, social and environmental expectations in an integrated way, no matter what ownership structure and formal rules of corporate governance apply to the company: this mitigates the traditional differences between insider and outsider systems of corporate governance. Previous studies failed to consider the contribution of sustainability in the process of corporate governance convergence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to fill the gap in the existing literature by means of a qualitative analysis, supporting the international debate about convergence of corporate governance systems. The article describes the evolution of outsider and insider systems in the light of the increasing importance of sustainability in the board’s decision-making and firm’s operation to satisfy the needs of all the company’s stakeholders. According to this, a qualitative content analysis developed with a directed approach completes the theoretical discussion, demonstrating that sustainability can bring de facto convergence between outsider and insider corporate governance systems. The article aims to be a theoretical starting point for future research, the findings of which could also have practical implications: the study encourages the policy makers to translate the sustainable business best practices into laws and recommendations, strengthening the mutual influence between formal and substantial convergence.
Ocular motor ability and covert attention in patients with Duane Retraction Syndrome

Is orienting of spatial attention dependent on normal functioning of the ocular motor system? We investigated the role of motor pathways in covert orienting (attentional orienting without performing eye movements) by studying three patients suffering from Duane Retraction Syndrome-a congenital impairment in executing horizontal eye movements restricted to specific gaze directions. Patients showed a typical exogenous (reflexive) attention effect when the target was presented in visual fields to which they could perform an eye movement. This effect was not present when the target was presented in the visual field to which they could not perform eye movements. These findings stress the link between eye movements and attention. Specifically, they bring out the importance of the ability to execute appropriate eye movements for attentional orienting. We suggest that the relevant information about eye movement ability is provided by feedback from lower motor structures to higher attentional areas.
Beijing’s Ten Great Buildings in the Great Leap Forward

Session 3: III.A. Roundtable: Constructing and Re-constructing Modernity: A Century of Changing Chinese Urban Landscapes, 1911-2010
VIP systems in partial semigroups

Abstract A VIP system is a polynomial-type generalization of the notion of an IP system, i.e., a set of finite sums. We extend the notion of VIP system to commutative partial semigroups and obtain an analogue of Furstenberg's central sets theorem for these systems which extends the polynomial Hales–Jewett Theorem of Bergelson and Leibman. Several Ramsey theoretic consequences, including the central sets theorem itself, are then derived from these results.
State Complexity and the Monoid of Transformations of a Finite Set

A deterministic finite automaton, or DFA, is a 5-tuple A = (Q,Σ, δ, q0, F ), where Q is a finite non-empty set of states, Σ is the finite input alphabet, δ : Q × Σ → Q is the transition function, q0 ∈ Q is the initial state, and F ⊆ Q is the set of final states. We assume that δ is defined on all elements of its domain. The domain of δ can be extended in the obvious way to Q×Σ∗, where Σ is the free monoid over the alphabet Σ. For a DFA A, the set L(A) = {w ∈ Σ : δ(q0, w) ∈ F} is said to be the language recognized by A.
Analysis and modeling of bang-bang clock and data recovery circuits

A large-signal piecewise-linear model is proposed for bang-bang phase detectors that predicts characteristics of clock and data recovery circuits such as jitter transfer, jitter tolerance, and jitter generation. The results are validated by 1-Gb/s and 10-Gb/s CMOS prototypes using an Alexander phase detector and an LC oscillator.
Compassion is a ten-letter word

Compassion is the emotion that one feels in response to the suffering of others that motivates a desire to help.
Comparison of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible--a computed tomography-based three-dimensional finite element analysis.

A finite element analysis was used to compare the effect of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible. Four models of an human mandible were constructed. In the OR (O'ring) group, the mandible was restored with an overdenture retained by four unsplinted implants with O'ring attachment; in the BC (bar-clip) -C and BC groups, the mandibles were restored with overdentures retained by four splinted implants with bar-clip anchor associated or not with two distally placed cantilevers, respectively; in the FD (fixed denture) group, the mandible was restored with a fixed full-arch four-implant-supported prosthesis. Models were supported by the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints. A 100-N oblique load was applied on the left first molar. Von Mises (σvM), maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses (in MPa) analyses were obtained. BC-C group exhibited the highest stress values (σvM=398.8, σmax=580.5 and σmin=-455.2) while FD group showed the lowest one (σvM=128.9, σmax=185.9 and σmin=-172.1). Within overdenture groups, the use of unsplinted implants reduced the stress level in the implant/prosthetic components (59.4% for σvM, 66.2% for σmax and 57.7% for σmin versus BC-C group) and supporting tissues (maximum stress reduction of 72% and 79.5% for σmax, and 15.7% and 85.7% for σmin on the cortical and trabecular bones, respectively). Cortical bone exhibited greater stress concentration than the trabecular bone for all groups. The use of fixed implant dentures and removable dentures retained by unsplinted implants to rehabilitate edentulous mandible reduced the stresses in the periimplant bone tissue, mucosa and implant/prosthetic components.
Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications

Description: Infrastructure for Homeland Security Environments Wireless Sensor Networks helps readers discover the emerging field of low-cost standards-based sensors that promise a high order of spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy in an ever-increasing universe of applications. It shares the latest advances in science and engineering paving the way towards a large plethora of new applications in such areas as infrastructure protection and security, healthcare, energy, food safety, RFID, ZigBee, and processing. Unlike other books on wireless sensor networks that focus on limited topics in the field, this book is a broad introduction that covers all the major technology, standards, and application topics. It contains everything readers need to know to enter this burgeoning field, including current applications and promising research and development; communication and networking protocols; middleware architecture for wireless sensor networks; and security and management. The straightforward and engaging writing style of this book makes even complex concepts and processes easy to follow and understand. In addition, it offers several features that help readers grasp the material and then apply their knowledge in designing their own wireless sensor network systems: Examples illustrate how concepts are applied to the development and application of wireless sensor networks Detailed case studies set forth all the steps of design and implementation needed to solve real-world problems Chapter conclusions that serve as an excellent review by stressing the chapter's key concepts References in each chapter guide readers to in-depth discussions of individual topics This book is ideal for networking designers and engineers who want to fully exploit this new technology and for government employees who are concerned about homeland security. With its examples, it is appropriate for use as a coursebook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.
Face recognition using Fisherface algorithm and elastic graph matching

This paper proposes a face recognition technique that effectively combines elastic graph matching (EGM) and Fisherface algorithm. EGM as one of dynamic link architecture uses not only face-shape but also the gray information of image, and Fisherface algorithm as a class specific method is robust about variations such as lighting direction and facial expression. In the proposed face recognition adopting the above two methods, the linear projection per node of an image graph reduces dimensionality of labeled graph vector and provides a feature space to be used effectively for the classification. In comparison with a conventional method, the proposed approach could obtain satisfactory results in the perspectives of recognition rates and speeds. Especially, we could get maxirrzum recognition rate of 99.3% by leaving-one-out method for the experiments with the Yale Face Databases.
Combatting resistance in intensive care: the multimodal approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance” program

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2015 and co-published as a series in Critical Care. Other articles in the series can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2015. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Artificial life, complex systems and cloud computing: a short review

Cloud computing is the prevailing mode of designing, creating and deploying complex applications nowadays. Its underlying assumptions include distributed computing, but also new concepts that need to be incorporated in the different fields. In this short paper we will make a review of how the world of cloud computing has intersected the complex systems and artificial life field, and how it has been used as inspiration for new models or implementation of new and powerful algorithms
Comparison of six different methods of cleaning and preparing occlusal fissure surface before placement of pit and fissure sealant: an in vitro study.

AIM & OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage of pit and fissure sealants after using six different preparation techniques: (a) brush, (b) pumice slurry application, (c) bur, (d) air polishing, (e) air abrasion, and (f) longer etching time.


MATERIAL & METHOD
The study was conducted on 60 caries-free first premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose. These teeth were randomly assigned to six groups of 10 teeth each. Teeth were prepared using one of six occlusal surface treatments prior to placement of Clinpro" 3M ESPE light-cured sealant. The teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles and stored in 0.9% normal saline. Teeth were sealed apically and coated with nail varnish 1 mm from the margin and stained in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours. Each tooth was divided buccolingually parallel to the long axis of the tooth, yielding two sections per tooth for analysis. The surfaces were scored from 0 to 2 for the extent of microleakage.


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Results obtained for microleakage were analyzed by using t-tests at sectional level and chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the group level.


RESULTS
The results of round bur group were significantly superior when compared to all other groups. The application of air polishing and air abrasion showed better results than pumice slurry, bristle brush, and longer etching time. Round bur group was the most successful cleaning and preparing technique. Air polishing and air abrasion produced significantly less microleakage than traditional pumice slurry, bristle brush, and longer etching time.
DNS Security Introduction and Requirements

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) add data origin authentication and data integrity to the Domain Name System. This document introduces these extensions and describes their capabilities and limitations. This document also discusses the services that the DNS security extensions do and do not provide. Last, this document describes the interrelationships between the documents that collectively describe DNSSEC.
[The Spanish version of the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire for parents of children with asthma (NAKQ). Transcultural adaptation and reliability analysis].

INTRODUCTION
The Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire for parents of children with asthma (NAKQ) has proven to be a valid instrument for asthma knowledge assessment of patients and their parents. The widespread use of the SRS-22 in non-English-speaking countries requires its transcultural adaptation. Our objective was to obtain a version of the NAKQ questionnaire adapted to Spanish and to analyze its validity and reliability.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Spanish version was obtained by using the forward/back-translation method with expert, bilingual translators. The questionnaire was administered to 157 parents with high knowledge (n = 78) and low knowledge (n = 79) of asthma. The differences in the number of answers between both groups were analyzed with the chi(2) test. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability with the tau-b of Kendall correlation coefficient, and kappa statistics.


RESULTS
At the end of the process, 23 of the 31 items were classified as of total equivalence and eight ase of moderate equivalence. The mean score of parents high knowledge was 23 +/- 2.94 and the mean score of parents low knowledge was 16.84 +/- 2.56. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.72, the Kendall's tau-b 0,8573 was significant (p = 0.01) and the kappa index showed good or very good consistency in more than half of the items.


CONCLUSIONS
The Spanish version of the NAKQ has proven to be acceptable and culturally equivalent to the original version and it has a good degree of consistency, validity and reliability.
Effect of eIF3a on response of lung cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy by regulating DNA repair.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that eIF3a may regulate the expression of DNA repair proteins which, in turn, affects response of lung cancer patients to treatments by DNA-damaging anticancer drugs.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of eIF3a in 211 human lung cancer tissues followed by association analysis of eIF3a expression with patient's response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Ectopic overexpression and RNA interference knockdown of eIF3a were carried out in NIH3T3 and H1299 cell lines, respectively, to determine the effect of altered eIF3a expression on cellular response to cisplatin, doxorubicine, etoposide (VP-16), vincristine, and vinblastine by using MTT assay. The DNA repair capacity of these cells was evaluated by using host-cell reactivation assay. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western Blot analyses were carried out to determine the effect of eIF3a on the DNA repair genes by using cells with altered eIF3a expression.


RESULTS
eIF3a expression associates with response of lung cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy. eIF3a knockdown or overexpression, respectively, increased and decreased the cellular resistance to cisplatin and anthrocycline anticancer drugs, DNA repair activity, and expression of DNA repair proteins.


CONCLUSIONS
eIF3a plays an important role in regulating the expression of DNA repair proteins which, in turn, contributes to cellular response to DNA-damaging anticancer drugs and patients' response to platinum-based chemotherapy.