LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Bone-related Parameters are the Main Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Men with Bone Metastases from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported on prognostic factors for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, most of these studies were conducted before docetaxel chemotherapy was approved for CRPC.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prognostic value of multiple parameters in men with bone metastases due to CRPC using a contemporary dataset.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The analysis included 1901 patients with metastatic CRPC enrolled in an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial conducted between May 2006 and October 2009.


OUTCOME MEASURES AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
We developed multivariate validated Cox proportional hazards models and nomograms to estimate 12-mo and 24-mo survival probabilities and median survival time.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
The median (95% confidence interval) overall survival was 20 (18, 21) mo. The final model included 12 of the 15 potential prognostic variables evaluated (concordance index 0.72). Seven bone-related variables were associated with longer survival in the final model: alkaline phosphatase ≤143 U/l (p<0.0001); bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) <146 U/l (p<0.0001); corrected urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx) ≤50 nmol/mmol (p=0.0008); mild or no pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form [BPI-SF] score ≤4) (p<0.0001); no previous skeletal-related event (SRE; p=0.0002); longer time from initial diagnosis to first bone metastasis (p<0.0001); and longer time from first bone metastasis to randomization (p<0.0001). Other significant predictors of improved survival included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level <10 ng/ml (p<0.0001), hemoglobin >128g/l (p<0.0001), absence of visceral metastases (p<0.0001), Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤1 (p=0.017), and younger age (p=0.008). Nomograms were generated based on the parameters included in the final validated models (with/without uNTx and BSAP). One limitation was that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, a known prognostic factor, were not available in this study.


CONCLUSIONS
Bone-related parameters are strong prognostic variables for overall survival in patients with bone metastases from CRPC.


PATIENT SUMMARY
Survival time is variable in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. We found that factors related to bone help to predict how long a patient will live.
Naegleria gruberi metabolism.

The completion of the genome project for Naegleria gruberi provides a unique insight into the metabolic capacities of an organism, for which there is an almost complete lack of experimental data. The metabolism of Naegleria seems to be extremely versatile, as can be expected for a free-living amoeboflagellate, but although considered to be fully aerobic, its genome also predicts important anaerobic traits. Other predictions are that carbohydrates are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water when oxygen is not limiting and that in the absence of oxygen the end-products will be succinate, acetate and minor quantities of ethanol and D-lactate. The hybrid mitochondrion/hydrogenosome has both cytochromes and an [Fe] hydrogenase, but seems to lack pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Genomic information also provides the possibility to identify drugs with a possible mode of action in the fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by the closely related opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri.
Endogenous Expectations

I selectively survey the use of expectations in accounting research. While expectations are central to modeling work and essential in empirical documentation, we tend to rely on largely exogenous expectations, as opposed to closing the analysis with aggressive identification of information sources and an explicit equilibrium argument Expectations are the centerpiece of accrual accounting, and expectations about these accruals and their use are the centerpiece of accounting research. Yet in our teaching and in our research we typically employ reduced form specification of the accounting process, coupled with transparent, largely exogenous expectation structures. The manner in which we estimate “abnormal accruals” or make use of analysts’ forecasts are cases in point, as are value relevance, audit judgment, compensation and earnings response studies, and FASB deliberations. This reliance on largely exogenous expectation structures, I think, needlessly limits the depth and boundaries of our teaching and research. My purpose here is to document this claim, and to argue for a more inclusive approach to our scholarship, one that emphasizes "micro foundations" and an equilibrium view of behavior. Accrual accounting, of course, is a formalized anticipatory statement of stocks and flows. For example, the non-cash asset balances and the liability balances on a balance sheet, the various stocks of accruals, represent stocks of anticipated benefits and payments, just as the non-cash components of income, the flows of various accruals, represent flows of anticipated benefits and resource consumptions. These accruals, however, are surely not happenstance. Rather, they are estimates, estimates that can be interpreted as expectations as well as expectations that stem from choices: choice of accounting method as well as the decision to engage in the underlying transactions themselves. Consider, for example, the use of "mark to model" techniques to estimate the fair value of an unusual financial instrument. The firm chose to employ
The influence of caffeine on human EEG under resting condition and during mental loads

The effect of caffeine (single oral doses of 200 mg and 400 mg) on the CNS was tested under resting conditions and while performing a concentration performance test in a placebo-controlled pilot study on ten healthy males. The EEG was evaluated quantitatively by spectral analysis with a Computer Aided Topographical Electro En-cephalo Metry system. Comparison of the averaged frequency content revealed a clear difference between the change in the functional state of the brain due to the mental arithmetics, on the one hand, and the caffeine effect, on the other. Both states of altered brain activity were reflected in a particular topographical distribution of the frequency change with respect to a frontal-occipital accentuation. Comparison of the two periods of mental arithmetics in the absence or presence of caffeine showed a tendency to concentration-dependent differences from each other. Administration of 200 mg and 400 mg caffeine in the relaxed state effected the decrease in spectral power in the theta and alpha ranges. The concentration performance test without caffeine effected decreases in power in the alpha range in frontal to parietal cortex and enhanced theta power in frontal and occipital regions and the alpha power in occipital cortex. The caffeine-dependent decrease in theta power and the decrease in delta power seen under relaxation conditions after 400 mg are not observed during the concentration performance test in the presence of caffeine.
Adventures in sequent calculus modulo equations

Abstract We apply the notion of an oriented rewrite theory and the associated coherence techniques in order to construct a framework for theorem proving modulo equations. This is achieved using existing rewriting techniques and a few simple lemmas, and is intended to serve as a case study of the use of an oriented rewrite theory for building-in equality.
Percutaneous edge to edge mitraclip therapy in the management of mitral regurgitation

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is an important clinical issue as MR represents >30% of native valve diseases. Patients with symptomatic MR have a poor prognosis, with a 5% annual mortality rate in the absence of surgery. Optimal medical management can improve symptoms of heart failure but does not affect survival. Therefore, surgery is recommended by the current guidelines for patients with symptomatic severe MR or asymptomatic severe MR with evidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or dilation. Despite the guidelines, a recent European survey established that one-half of the patients are not referred for surgery, mainly because of advanced age and the presence of comorbidity. Mitral valve (MV) repair is the preferred surgical strategy whenever feasible and is associated with lower morbidity and mortality and better preservation of LV function, compared with MV replacement. Reported in-hospital mortality rates range from 1% to 2% in low-risk patients, increasing up to 25% in high-risk or elderly patients. Therefore, new percutaneous techniques are developed to avoid surgery in high-risk patients (1).
Aesthetic lateral canthoplasty.

INTRODUCTION
To report our technique and experience in using a minimally invasive approach for aesthetic lateral canthoplasty.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lateral canthoplasty through a minimally invasive, upper eyelid crease incision approach at Jules Stein Eye Institute by one surgeon (R.A.G.) between 2005 and 2008. Concomitant surgical procedures were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative photographs at the longest follow-up visit were analyzed and graded for functional and cosmetic outcomes.


RESULTS
A total of 600 patients (1,050 eyelids) underwent successful lateral canthoplasty through a small incision in the upper eyelid crease to correct lower eyelid malposition (laxity, ectropion, entropion, retraction) and/or lateral canthal dystopia, encompassing 806 reconstructive and 244 cosmetic lateral canthoplasties. There were 260 males and 340 females, with mean age of 55 years old (range, 4-92 years old). Minimum follow-up time was 3 months (mean, 6 months; maximum, 6 years). Complications were rare and minor, including transient postoperative chemosis. Eighteen patients underwent reoperation in the following 2 years for recurrent lower eyelid malposition and/or lateral canthal deformity.


CONCLUSIONS
Lateral canthoplasty through a minimally invasive upper eyelid crease incision and resuspension technique can effectively address lower eyelid laxity and/or dystopia, resulting in an aesthetic lateral canthus.
Towards an understanding of the consumer acceptance of mobile wallet

0747-5632/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.06.001 * Tel.: +82 02 74
Sleep disturbances in children with multiple disabilities.

INTRODUCTION
Although sleep disturbances in disabled children are of central clinical importance, there is little research on that topic. There are no data available on frequency, severity or aetiology of sleep disturbances and related symptoms in this specific patient group.


OBJECTIVE
To review the current state of research and outline future research objectives.


METHODS
We searched international scientific databases for relevant publications from 1980-2009. From all papers qualifying for further analysis we retrieved systematic information on sample characteristics, sleep assessment tools and their test quality criteria, and core findings.


RESULTS
61 publications including 4392 patients were categorized as "mixed" (reporting on heterogeneous diagnoses), or "specified" papers (specific diagnoses) based on international classification of diseases (ICD) 10 classification. To assess sleep disturbances, most authors relied on subjective instruments with poor psychometric quality. Mean prevalence of sleep disturbances was 67% (76%,"mixed" group; 65%, "specified" group). In children suffering severe global cerebral injury, the prevalence of sleep disturbances was even higher (>90%). The most frequent symptoms were insomnia and sleep-related respiratory disorders. Some of these symptoms were closely associated with specific medical syndromes.


CONCLUSION
There is an urgent need for sleep disturbance assessment tools evaluated for the patient group of interest. By use of validated assessment tools, patient factors, which may be crucial in causing sleep disturbances, may be investigated and appropriate treatment strategies may be developed.
Benefits of ultrasonography in the management of early arthritis: a cross-sectional study of baseline data from the ESPOIR cohort.

OBJECTIVE
To assess ultrasonography's (US) performance to detect the structural damage in the initial evaluation of early arthritis (EA) using the Etude et Suivides Polyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (ESPOIR) cohort.


METHODS
ESPOIR is a French, multi-centric EA cohort. Four centres assessed the structural damage by both X-ray and US examination at baseline. X-rays of hands and feet were read first by the centre's local investigator (usual reading), then in the X-ray coordinating centre (central reading). Four trained examiners performed US blindly from clinical data to detect erosions on the second and fifth MCP (MCP2 and 5) and the fifth MTP (MTP5) joints bilaterally.


RESULTS
Patients' characteristics (n = 126) were: female 78%; mean age 50.3 years; disease duration 103 days; disease activity score on 28 joints 5; CRP level 22.7 mg/l; and 79.4% of the patients fulfilling RA ACR criteria. Twelve patients had missing data for X-rays. US revealed 42 (36.8%) patients with erosive disease, whereas radiography revealed only 30 (26%) with central reading and only 11% with usual reading. US missed erosive disease present in X-rays in 10 (8.8%) patients. Combined technique of both revealed 52 (45.6%) patients with erosive diseases. On the targeted joints, US detected erosion on 75 (11%) joints vs X-rays on only 11 (1.5%). Only three joints with erosion(s) detected on X-rays were missed on US. At baseline, the presence of PD activity was not associated with joint erosions.


CONCLUSIONS
US on six joints detected 1.4-fold more patients with erosions (3.3-fold more with the usual reading). In clinical practice, US combined with X-rays is of helpful diagnostic value in EA.
Portrayals of schizophrenia by entertainment media: a content analysis of contemporary movies.

OBJECTIVE
Critics of entertainment media have indicated that cinematic depictions of schizophrenia are stereotypic and characterized by misinformation about symptoms, causes, and treatment. The pervasiveness and nature of misinformation are difficult to ascertain because of the lack of empirically based studies of movies portraying schizophrenia. This study analyzed portrayals of schizophrenia in contemporary movies to ascertain prevalence of stereotypes and misinformation about schizophrenia.


METHODS
English-language movies featuring at least one main character with schizophrenia that were released for showing in theaters between 1990 and 2010 were analyzed for depictions of schizophrenia. Two researchers independently rated each character with a checklist that assessed demographic characteristics, symptoms and stereotypes, causation, and treatment.


RESULTS
Forty-two characters from 41 movies were identified, a majority of whom were male and Caucasian. Most characters displayed positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Delusions were featured most frequently, followed by auditory and visual hallucinations. A majority of characters displayed violent behavior toward themselves or others, and nearly one-third of violent characters engaged in homicidal behavior. About one-fourth of characters committed suicide. Causation of schizophrenia was infrequently noted, although about one-fourth of movies implied that a traumatic life event was significant in causation. Of movies alluding to or showing treatment, psychotropic medications were most commonly portrayed.


CONCLUSIONS
The finding that misinformation and negative portrayals of schizophrenia in contemporary movies are common underscores the importance of determining how viewers interpret media messages and how these interpretations inform attitudes and beliefs both of the general public and of people with schizophrenia.
Demand for long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age group in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia

BACKGROUND
Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub Saharan Africa with high total fertility rate, and high maternal and child mortality rates. In sub Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, even though studies show that demand for contraception is high, the practice is low. Particularly, in Ethiopia, despite the fact that practices on long acting and permanent methods are believed to be low, there are limited evidences on the real magnitude of demand for the methods.


METHODS
To assess demand for long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age group in Debre Markos town, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia, A community based cross sectional study was conducted, from April 08-19, 2012. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 523 study participants. Pre tested structured Amharic version questionnaire was used to collect the data through interview. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors.


RESULTS
Among 519 respondents, 323 (62.2%) were using modern family planning (FP) methods in which 101 (19.5%) were using long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs). Among all respondents, 171 (32.9%) had unmet need for LAPMs. The total demand for LAPMs was 272 (52.4%) of which 37.1% were satisfied and 62.9% unsatisfied demand. Being in the older age group (40-44 years) [AOR = 2.8; 95% CI:1.12, 9.55], having no desire for more child [AOR = 20.37; 95% CI:9.28, 44.72], desire to have a child after 2 years [AOR = 6.4; 95%CI:3.04,13.47], not ever heard of modern FP [AOR = 5.73; 95% CI:1.26, 25.91], not ever using of modern FP [AOR = 1.89; 95% CI:1.01, 3.55] and having no spousal discussion in the last six month [AOR = 1.642, 95% CI: 1.049, 2.57) were some of the factors significantly associated with demand for LAPMs.


CONCLUSIONS
Demand and unmet need for LAPMs were high in the study area. Therefore raising awareness of the community, counseling/discussion about the methods with all clients, encouraging spousal involvement are fundamental areas of intervention. Moreover, increasing the availability and accessibility of LAPMs is required to meet the unmet needs.
Serum ferritin levels are associated with a distinct phenotype of chronic hepatitis C poorly responding to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy.

UNLABELLED
Elevated serum ferritin levels may reflect a systemic inflammatory state as well as increased iron storage, both of which may contribute to an unfavorable outcome of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We therefore performed a comprehensive analysis of the role of serum ferritin and its genetic determinants in the pathogenesis and treatment of CHC. To this end, serum ferritin levels at baseline of therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin or before biopsy were correlated with clinical and histological features of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, including necroinflammatory activity (N = 970), fibrosis (N = 980), steatosis (N = 886), and response to treatment (N = 876). The association between high serum ferritin levels (> median) and the endpoints was assessed by logistic regression. Moreover, a candidate gene as well as a genome-wide association study of serum ferritin were performed. We found that serum ferritin ≥ the sex-specific median was one of the strongest pretreatment predictors of treatment failure (univariate P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-0.60). This association remained highly significant in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.0002, OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.20-0.61), with an OR comparable to that of interleukin (IL)28B genotype. When patients with the unfavorable IL28B genotypes were stratified according to high versus low ferritin levels, SVR rates differed by > 30% in both HCV genotype 1- and genotype 3-infected patients (P < 0.001). Serum ferritin levels were also independently associated with severe liver fibrosis (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.68-4.25) and steatosis (P = 0.002, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.35-3.91), but not with necroinflammatory activity (P = 0.3). Genetic variations had only a limited impact on serum ferritin levels.


CONCLUSION
In patients with CHC, elevated serum ferritin levels are independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and poor response to interferon-alpha-based therapy.
Design of a time and location based One-Time Password authentication scheme

As the mobile networks are springing up, mobile devices become a must gadget in our daily life. People can easily access Internet application services anytime and anywhere via the hand-carried mobile devices. Most of modern mobile devices are equipped with a GPS module, which can help get the real-time location of the mobile device. In this paper, we propose a novel authentication scheme which exploits volatile passwords - One-Time Passwords (OTPs) based on the time and location information of the mobile device to transparently and securely authenticate users while accessing Internet services, such as online banking services and e-commerce transactions. Compared to a permanent password base scheme, an OTP based one can prevent users from being eavesdropped. In addition to a memoryless feature, the scheme restricts the validness of the OTP password not only in a certain time period but also in a tolerant geometric region to increase the security protection. However, if a legitimate user is not in the anticipated tolerant region, the user may fail to be authenticated. Hence, a Short Message Service (SMS) based mutual authentication mechanism is also proposed in the article to supplement the unexpected misjudgement. The proposed method with a volatile time/location-based password features more secure and more convenient for user authentication.
Agent-based distributed manufacturing control: A state-of-the-art survey

Manufacturing has faced significant changes during the last years, namely the move from a local economy towards a global and competitive economy, with markets demanding for highly customized products of high quality at lower costs, and with short life cycles. In this environment, manufacturing enterprises, to remain competitive, must respond closely to customer demands by improving their flexibility and agility, while maintaining their productivity and quality. Dynamic response to emergence is becoming a key issue in manufacturing field because traditional manufacturing control systems are built upon rigid control architectures, which cannot respond efficiently and effectively to dynamic change. In these circumstances, the current challenge is to develop manufacturing control systems that exhibit intelligence, robustness and adaptation to the environment changes and disturbances. The introduction of multi-agent systems and holonic manufacturing systems paradigms addresses these requirements, bringing the advantages of modularity, decentralization, autonomy, scalability and reusability. This paper surveys the literature in manufacturing control systems using distributed artificial intelligence techniques, namely multi-agent systems and holonic manufacturing systems principles. The paper also discusses the reasons for the weak adoption of these approaches by industry and points out the challenges and research opportunities for the future. & 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.