LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy of primary irresectable unicentric Castleman's disease: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign disorder characterised by hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue that may develop at a single site or throughout the body. The etiology of this disorder is unclear, although the histopathological presentation can be differentiated into a hyaline vascular variant, a plasma cell variant and a mixed variant. Clinically, it has been recorded that 3 manifestations of CD are characterized: a localized unicentric type, a generalized multicentric type and a mixed form. Surgery remains the main treatment for resectable unicentric CD, since removal of the large node is possible without further complications. No consensus has been reached concerning the most adequate treatment for irresectable unicentric CD.


METHODS
Case report of a 67 year old woman.


RESULTS
This report, describes the case of a 67-year-old woman with unicentric Castleman disease located in the right lower abdomen. The patient had symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea and pain in the right lower abdomen. Computed tomography (CT)- examination revealed a tumour, which had grown to form a close relationship with the common iliac vessels and the sacral bone. A Laparotomy procedure revealed that the tumour was an irresectable mass. Neo-adjuvant radiotherapy (40 Gy) was administered in order to downsize the tumour. Six weeks later a new CT-scan revealed a major reduction of the tumour, which enabled a successful radical resection of the tumour to be performed. Histopathological analysis of the tumour showed the hyaline vascular type of CD.


CONCLUSIONS
Neo-adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered in case of an irresectable unicentric CD.
Refactoring Support Based on Code Clone Analysis

Software maintenance is the most expensive activity in software development. Many software companies spent a large amount of cost to maintain the existing software systems. In perfective maintenance, refactoring has often been applied to the software to improve the understandability and complexity. One of the targets of refactoring is code clone. A code clone is a code fragment in a source code that is identical or similar to another. In an actual software development process, code clones are introduced because of various reasons such as reusing code by ‘copy-and-paste’ and so on. Code clones are one of the factors that make software maintenance difficult. In this paper, we propose a method which removes code clones from object oriented software by using existing refactoring patterns, especially “Extract Method” and “Pull Up Method”. Then, we have implemented a refactoring supporting tool based on the proposed method. Finally, we have applied the tool to an open source program and actually perform refactoring.
Foot disorders associated with overpronated and oversupinated foot function: the Johnston County osteoarthritis project.

BACKGROUND
The occurrence of musculoskeletal foot disorders differs by race and obesity, and these disorders may be related to pronated (low arch) or supinated (high arch) foot structure. This cross-sectional analysis examined relationships of foot disorders and foot function by race and obesity in a community-based observational study of adults 50+ years old with and without osteoarthritis.


METHODS
Members of a prospective cohort study in North Carolina were included in this analysis (N = 1466, 67.2% women, 29.5% African American, mean age 68.5 years). Foot disorders were identified with a validated assessment tool, and each foot was categorized as overpronated, oversupinated, and referent using the center of pressure excursion index from foot pressure scans during normal-paced walking. Logistic regression models estimated associations between foot function and each foot disorder with age, body mass index (BMI), gender, and race as covariates.


RESULTS
Compared to referent, an overpronated foot was associated with hallux valgus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.65) and overlapping toes (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12-1.64), especially in the obese. An oversupinated foot was inversely associated with hallux valgus (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97). An oversupinated foot was less likely to be associated with bunionettes among the obese and was more likely to be associated with plantar fasciitis in Caucasians.


CONCLUSION
Foot function was related to hallux valgus and overlapping toes, especially among the obese. In clinical patients as well as in the community of older adults, treatments for both the foot disorder and the pronated/supinated foot may be needed.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, comparative cohort study.
Rational functions certify combinatorial identities

This paper presents a general method for proving and discovering combinatorial identities: to prove an identity one can present a certificate that consists of a pair of functions of two integer variables. To prove the identity, take the two functions that are given, check that condition (1) below is satisfied (a simple mechanical task), and check the equally simple fact that the boundary conditions (F1), (G1), (G2) below are satisfied. The identity is then proved. Alternatively, one can present the identity itself, and a single rational function. To prove the identity the reader would then construct the pair of functions referred to above, and proceed as before (see §3 below). In this paper we present several one-line proofs of hypergeometric identities. All of these one-line proofs were found by using the method presented below, on computers that have strong symbolic manipulation packages. Once the proofs have been found, they can be checked by hand or on small personal computers that would need only minimal symbolic manipulation capability. Not too long ago the world of combinatorial identities consisted of hundreds of individually proved relations (for a valuable collection of these see [10]), mostly involving binomial coefficients. As a result of ideas of H. Bateman (see the introduction to [10]), G. Andrews [1], and others, it is widely recognized that most of these are special cases of relatively few hypergeometric identities, and attention is now being turned to methods of systematizing these higher level relationships. Gosper [9] has shown how to find indefinite hypergeometric sums, where they exist, by quite a general procedure (see [11]). In this paper we describe a general attack on definite hypergeometric, and other, sums, continuing the program started in [13-15] . • The method can prove, in a unified way, virtually all known hypergeometric sum identities (and therefore legions of binomial coefficient identities too). It does this by means of certificates of proof, each of which consists of a pair of functions (F, G) (a 'WZ-pair') that satisfy certain conditions, described below. As a by-product, each such pair
Electron quantum optics in ballistic chiral conductors

E. Bocquillon †, V. Freulon, F.D. Parmentier , J.-M Berroir, B. Plaçais, C. Wahl , J. Rech , T. Jonckheere , T. Martin , C. Grenier , D. Ferraro , P. Degiovanni, and G. Fève 1∗ 1 Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CPT, UMR 7332, 13288 Marseille, France. Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, UMR 7332, 83957 La Garde, France. Université de Lyon, Fédération de Physique André Marie Ampère, CNRS Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07,France. † Currently at Physikalisches Institut (EP3), University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany. ∗ To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: feve@lpa.ens.fr.
On the emergent properties of artificial stock markets : the efficient market hypothesis and the rational expectations hypothesis

By studying two well known hypotheses in economics, this paper illustrates how emergent properties can be shown in an agent-based artificial stock market. The two hypotheses considered are the efficient market hypothesis and the rational expectations hypothesis. We inquire whether the macrobehavior depicted by these two hypotheses is consistent with our understanding of the microbehavior. In this agent-based model, genetic programming is applied to evolving a population of traders learning over time. We first apply a series of econometric tests to show that the EMH and the REH can be satisfied with some portions of the artificial time series. Then, by analyzing traders’ behavior, we show that these aggregate results cannot be interpreted as a simple scaling-up of individual behavior. A conjecture based on sunspot-like signals is proposed to explain why macrobehavior can be very different from microbehavior. We assert that the huge search space attributable to genetic programming can induce sunspot-like signals, and we use simulated evolved complexity of forecasting rules and Granger causality tests to examine this assertion. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12: asset pricing; G14: information and market efficiency; D83: search, learning, and information
The Impact of Leadership Style on Knowledge-Sharing Intentions in China

Knowledge management (KM) is a dominant theme in the behavior of contemporary organizations. While KM has been extensively studied in developed economies, it is much less well understood in developing economies, notably those that are characterized by different social and cultural traditions to the mainstream of Western societies. This is notably the case in China. This chapter develops and tests a theoretical model that explains the impact of leadership style and interpersonal trust on the intention of information and knowledge workers in China to share their knowledge with their peers. All the hypotheses are supported, showing that both initiating structure and consideration have a significant effect on employees’ intention to share knowledge through trust building: 28.2% of the variance in employees’ intention to share knowledge is explained. The authors discuss the theoretical contributions of the chapter, identify future research opportunities, and highlight the implications for practicing managers. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-920-5.ch009
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Use and Outcome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

AIMS
We investigate the effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitors on long-term outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Meta-analyses indicate that these agents are associated with improved short-term outcomes. However, many trials were undertaken before the routine use of P2Y12 inhibitors. Recent studies yield conflicting results and registry data have suggested that GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors may cause more bleeding than what trials indicate.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This retrospective observational study involves 3047 patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy who underwent PCI for NSTEMI. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were a secondary outcome. Mean follow-up was 4.6 years. Patients treated with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were younger with fewer comorbidities. Although the unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use was associated with improved outcomes, multivariate analysis (including propensity scoring) showed no benefit for either survival (P = 0.136) or MACE (P = 0.614). GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (P = 0.021).


CONCLUSION
Although GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use appeared to improve outcomes after PCI for NSTEMI, patients who received GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors tended to be at lower risk. After multivariate adjustment we observed no improvement in MACE or survival and an increased risk of major bleeding.
Customer relationship management mechanisms: A systematic review of the state of the art literature and recommendations for future research

In the information systems, customer relationship management (CRM) is the overall process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction with the goal of improving the business relationships with customers. Also, it is the strongest and the most efficient approach to maintaining and creating the relationships with customers. However, to the best of our knowledge and despite its importance, there is not any comprehensive and systematic study about reviewing and analyzing its important techniques. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive study and survey on the state of the art mechanisms in the scope of the CRM are done. It follows this goal by looking at five categories in which CRM plays a significant role: E-CRM, knowledge management, data mining, data quality and, social CRM. In each category, a couple of studies are presented and determinants of CRM are described and discussed. The major development in these five categories is reviewed and the new challenges are outlined. Also, a systematic literature review (SLR) in each of these five categories is provided. Furthermore, insights into the identification of open issues and guidelines for future research are provided. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Integral sliding mode fault tolerant control schemes with control allocation

Integral Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Control Schemes with Control Allocation Mirza Tariq Hamayun The key attribute of a Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) system is to maintain overall system stability and acceptable performance in the face of faults and failure s within the system. In this thesis new integral sliding mode (ISM) control allocation schemes for FTC are proposed, which have the potential to maintain the nominal fault free performanc e for the entire system response, in the face of actuator faults and even complete failures of cer tain actuators. The incorporation of ISM within a control allocation framework uses the measured or estimated values of the actuator effectiveness levels to redistribute the control effor t among the healthy actuators to maintain closed-loop stability. This combination allows one contro ller to be used in both fault free as well as in fault or failure situations. A fault tolerant cont rol allocation scheme which relies on ana posteriapproach, building on an existing state feedback controlle r designed using only the primary actuators, is also proposed. Retro-fitting of an ISM scheme to an existing feedback controller is advantageous from an industrial perspective, be cause fault tolerance can be introduced without changing the existing control loops. To deal with a w ider range of operating conditions, the fault tolerant features of ISM are also extended to linea r parameter varying systems. A FTC scheme considering only the availability of measured syste m outputs is also proposed, where now the feedback controller design is based on the estimated states. In each of the ISM fault tolerant schemes proposed, a rigorous closed-loop analysi s is carried out to ensure the stability of the sliding motion in the face of faults or failures.. A hig fidelity benchmark model of a large transport aircraft is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the new FTC schemes.
E-voting in Estonia

Estonia has one of the most established e-voting systems in the world. Internet voting remote e-voting using the voter’s own equipment was piloted in 2005 [12] (with the first real elections using e-voting being conducted the same year) and has been in use ever since. So far, the Estonian internet voting system has been used for the whole country in three sets of local elections, two European Parliament elections and three parliamentary elections [5]. This chapter begins by exploring the voting system in Estonia; we consider the organisation of the electoral system in the three main kinds of election (municipal, parliamentary and European Parliament), the traditional ways of voting and the methods used to tally votes and elect candidates. Next we investigate the Estonian national ID card, an identity document that plays a key part in enabling internet voting to be possible in Estonia. After considering these pre-requisites, we describe the current internet voting system, including how it has evolved over time and the relatively new verification mechanisms that are available to voters. Next we discuss the assumptions and choices that have been made in the design of this system and the challenges and criticism that it has received. Finally, we conclude by discussing how the system has performed over the 10 years it has been in use, and the impact it appears to have had on voter turnout and satisfaction.
Aspirin, NSAIDs, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.

PURPOSE
A recent meta-analysis showed that aspirin was associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. As anti-inflammatory medications lower PSA levels, whether these findings reflect reduced prostate cancer detection or lower prostate cancer risk is unknown. We tested the association between aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use on prostate cancer diagnosis in REDUCE, where all men received biopsies at 2 and 4 years largely independent of PSA. REDUCE tested dutasteride for prostate cancer risk reduction in men with a PSA of 2.5 to 10.0 ng/mL and a negative prestudy biopsy.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We examined the association between aspirin, NSAIDs, or both and total, low-grade (Gleason < 7), or high-grade (Gleason ≥ 7) prostate cancer versus no prostate cancer using multinomial logistic regression among 6,390 men who underwent ≥1 on-study biopsy. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, race, geographic region, PSA, prostate volume, digital rectal examination, body mass index, treatment arm, smoking, alcohol, statins, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.


RESULTS
Overall, 3,169 men (50%) were nonusers, 1,368 (21%) used aspirin, 1,176 (18%) used NSAIDs, and 677 (11%) used both. In unadjusted models, aspirin was associated with reduced prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.85, P = 0.036). In multivariable analyses, aspirin was associated with reduced total prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.81, P = 0.015). Use of NSAIDs or NSAIDs and aspirin was not associated with total, low-grade, or high-grade prostate cancer, though all ORs were <1 (all P ≥ 0.08). Therefore, we created a dichotomous variable of aspirin and/or NSAID users versus nonusers. On multivariable analysis, the use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was significantly associated with decreased total (OR = 0.87, P = 0.030) and high-grade (OR = 0.80, P = 0.040), but not with low-grade, prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.90, P = 0.15). Results were similar in placebo and dutasteride arms.


CONCLUSIONS
Among men with a negative biopsy, aspirin and/or NSAID use was associated with decreased prostate cancer risk. Additional studies are warranted.
Solutions to performance problems in VoIP over a 802.11 wireless LAN

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over a wireless local area network (WLAN) is poised to become an important Internet application. However, two major technical problems that stand in the way are: 1) low VoIP capacity in WLAN and 2) unacceptable VoIP performance in the presence of coexisting traffic from other applications. With each VoIP stream typically requiring less than 10 kb/s, an 802.11b WLAN operated at 11 Mb/s could in principle support more than 500 VoIP sessions. In actuality, no more than a few sessions can be supported due to various protocol overheads (for GSM 6.10, it is about 12). This paper proposes and investigates a scheme that can improve the VoIP capacity by close to 100% without changing the standard 802.11 CSMA/CA protocol. In addition, we show that VoIP delay and loss performance in WLAN can be compromised severely in the presence of coexisting transmission-control protocol (TCP) traffic, even when the number of VoIP sessions is limited to half its potential capacity. A touted advantage of VoIP over traditional telephony is that it enables the creation of novel applications that integrate voice with data. The inability of VoIP and TCP traffic to coexist harmoniously over the WLAN poses a severe challenge to this vision. Fortunately, the problem can be largely solved by simple solutions that require only changes to the medium-access control (MAC) protocol at the access point. Specifically, in our proposed solutions, the MAC protocol at the wireless end stations does not need to be modified, making the solutions more readily deployable over the existing network infrastructure.
Energy Harvesting Aware Power Management

The true autonomy of wireless sensor networks depends on the ir reliable operation for extended times without human intervention. Energy supply is a critical factor in th is design. Wireless and ad-hoc deployment, which is essential in some scenarios and costeffective in others , precludes the use of a wired energy infrastructure. The sensor nodes are thus forced to operate on limited batter y reserves and low power design is an important design consideration [1, 2]. Unlike human carried devices such as hand-helds or cell-pho nes which can be returned to charging docks periodically, sensor node batteries are limited in supply. They cannot be replaced in the large numbers of nodes as the embedded nature of deployment makes it hard to ccess each individual node. A limited amount of energy supply, however, is not sufficient to ensure uninterrupted operation for the several year long lifetimes typically expected from an embedded deploym ent. The small node size puts constraints on the
Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinically depressed adolescents: individual CBT versus treatment as usual (TAU)

BACKGROUND
Depressive disorders occur in 2 to 5% of the adolescents and are associated with a high burden of disease, a high risk of recurrence and a heightened risk for development of other problems, like suicide attempts. The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), cost-effectiveness of this treatment and the costs of illness of clinical depression in adolescents are still unclear. Although several Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) have been conducted to establish the efficacy of CBT, the effectiveness has not been established yet. Aim of this study is to conduct a RCT to test the effectiveness of CBT and to establish the cost-effectiveness of CBT under rigorous conditions within routine care provided by professionals already working in mental health institutions.


METHOD/DESIGN
CBT is investigated with a multi-site, RCT using block randomisation. The targeted population is 140 clinically referred depressed adolescents aged 12 to 21 years old. Adolescents are randomly assigned to the experimental (N = 70, CBT) or control condition (N = 70, TAU). Four assessments (pre, post, follow up at 6 and 12 months) and two mediator assessments during treatment are conducted. Primary outcome measure is depression diagnosis based on a semi-structured interview namely the K-SADS-PL. Secondary outcome measures include depressive symptoms, severity and improvement of the depression, global functioning, quality of life, suicide risk, comorbidity, alcohol and drug use, parental depression and psychopathology, parenting and conflicts. Costs and treatment characteristics will also be assessed. Furthermore, moderator and mediator analyses will be conducted.


DISCUSSION
This trial will be the first to compare CBT with TAU under rigorous conditions within routine care and with a complex sample. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness of treatment and cost-of-illness of clinical depression are established which will provide new insights on depression as a disorder and its treatment.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Dutch Trial register number NTR2676. The study was financially supported by a grant from ZonMw, the Netherlands organization for health research and development, grant number 157004005.