LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the ORBIT-AF Registry.

OBJECTIVES
The study sought to evaluate clinical outcomes in clinical practice with rhythm control versus rate control strategy for management of atrial fibrillation (AF).


BACKGROUND
Randomized trials have not demonstrated significant differences in stroke, heart failure, or mortality between rhythm and rate control strategies. The comparative outcomes in contemporary clinical practice are not well described.


METHODS
Patients managed with a rhythm control strategy targeting maintenance of sinus rhythm were retrospectively compared with a strategy of rate control alone in a AF registry across various U.S. practice settings. Unadjusted and adjusted (inverse-propensity weighted) outcomes were estimated.


RESULTS
The overall study population (N = 6,988) had a median of 74 (65 to 81) years of age, 56% were males, 77% had first detected or paroxysmal AF, and 68% had CHADS2 score ≥2. In unadjusted analyses, rhythm control was associated with lower all-cause death, cardiovascular death, first stroke/non-central nervous system systemic embolization/transient ischemic attack, or first major bleeding event (all p < 0.05); no difference in new onset heart failure (p = 0.28); and more frequent cardiovascular hospitalizations (p = 0.0006). There was no difference in the incidence of pacemaker, defibrillator, or cardiac resynchronization device implantations (p = 0.99). In adjusted analyses, there were no statistical differences in clinical outcomes between rhythm control and rate control treated patients (all p > 0.05); however, rhythm control was associated with more cardiovascular hospitalizations (hazard ratio: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 1.39; p = 0.0003).


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with AF, rhythm control was not superior to rate control strategy for outcomes of stroke, heart failure, or mortality, but was associated with more cardiovascular hospitalizations.
Hepatoprotective effects of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): a combination of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.

AIM OF THE STUDY
Gimjeng and Chakapat lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity on CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fruit pulp extracts of the lychees were examined for vitamin C, phenolic contents, anti-lipid peroxidation activity and hepatoprotective effect. Male Wistar albino rats were intraperitoneally injected (ip) with CCl(4) (2 ml/kg), then were orally administered (po) with silymarin (100mg/kg), and Gimjeng or Chakapat extracts (100 and 500 mg/kg). After ten days, the rats were sacrificed and their livers were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Their serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxalate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were analyzed. Apoptotic activity of the livers was assessed quantitatively.


RESULTS
The Gimjeng and Chakapat extracts showed the contents of vitamin C (1.2±0.6 and 4.3±0.1mg/100g) and phenolics like trans-cinnamic acid and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (9.80±0.21 and 19.56±0.4 mg GAE/g extract, respectively), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values (11.64 and 9.09 g/mg trolox), respectively. The Gimjeng as compared to the Chakapat demonstrated a better antioxidant activity as revealed by anti-lipid peroxidation activity with the TEAC values. Administration of CCl(4) in rats elevated the serum GPT, GOT, and ALP level whereas silymarin, Gimjeng and Chakapat extracts prevented these increases significantly. Significant decrease of apoptotic cells together with restoration of morphological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective effect in the CCl(4)-induced rats pretreated with the extracts.


CONCLUSION
Antioxidant properties of the Gimjeng and Chakapat lychees as evidenced by the vitamin C and phenolic compounds, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-apoptosis could explain the hepatoprotective effects in CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity.
A first-in-class, first-in-human, phase I trial of p28, a non-HDM2-mediated peptide inhibitor of p53 ubiquitination in patients with advanced solid tumours

Background:This first-in-human, phase I clinical trial of p28 (NSC745104), a 28-amino-acid fragment of the cupredoxin azurin, investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary activity of p28 in patients with p53+ metastatic solid tumours.Methods:A total of 15 patients were administered p28 i.v. as a short infusion three times per week for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest under an accelerated titration 3+3 dose escalation design until either a grade 3-related adverse event occurred or the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. Single-dose and steady-state serum pharmacokinetics were characterised. Assessments included toxicity, best objective response by RECIST 1.1 Criteria, and overall survival.Results:No patients exhibited any dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), significant adverse events or exhibited an immune response (IgG) to the peptide. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and MTD were not reached. Seven patients demonstrated stable disease for 7–61 weeks, three a partial response for 44–125 weeks, and one a complete response for 139 weeks. Three patients are still alive at 158, 140, and 110 weeks post therapy completion.Conclusion:p28 was tolerated with no significant adverse events. An MTD was not reached. Evidence of anti-tumour activity indicates a highly favourable therapeutic index and demonstrates proof of concept for this new class of non-HDM2-mediated peptide inhibitors of p53 ubiquitination.
Problem-solving methods in artificial intelligence

Well, someone can decide by themselves what they want to do and need to do but sometimes, that kind of person will need some problem solving methods in artificial intelligence references. People with open minded will always try to seek for the new things and information from many sources. On the contrary, people with closed mind will always think that they can do it by their principals. So, what kind of person are you?
Pastoralists’ Perception and Ecological Knowledge on Savanna Ecosystem Dynamics in Semi-arid Botswana

We investigated vegetation dynamics in relation to livestock grazing as perceived by pastoral farmers in different regions of Botswana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect farmers’ understanding of vegetation changes and causes within three different grazing lands. The pastoral farmers’ description of dominant vegetation differed significantly both at the local and district level, which suggests that rangelands consist of patches dominated by different grasses and woody vegetation. Most pastoralists indicated that grass composition has undergone changes, and unpalatable grasses such as Aristida congesta and Megaloprotachne albescens are increasing. The different factors perceived by pastoral farmers to cause changes in vegetation composition included rainfall, overgrazing, and fire. Bush encroachment is considered to be more common in communal grazing land than in ranches. According to pastoral farmers, the ranching system is less degrading to the environment and more sustainable for livestock production than is communal grazing.
Crowdsourcing a Large Corpus of Clickbait on Twitter

Clickbait has become a nuisance on social media. To address the urging task of clickbait detection, we constructed a new corpus of 38,517 annotated Twitter tweets, the Webis Clickbait Corpus 2017. To avoid biases in terms of publisher and topic, tweets were sampled from the top 27 most retweeted news publishers, covering a period of 150 days. Each tweet has been annotated on 4-point scale by five annotators recruited at Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The corpus has been employed to evaluate 12 clickbait detectors submitted to the Clickbait Challenge 2017. Download: https://webis.de/data/webis-clickbait-17.html Challenge: https://clickbait-challenge.org
Domal stabilization suture in tip rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate use of the domal stabilization suture as a complementary suture modification technique for refining and securing the nasal tip.


METHODS
A single permanent or absorbable suture is placed via an open or cartilage delivery approach. The suture is placed along the cephalic borders of the domes at the medial third of the lateral crura bilaterally just posterior to the junction of the intermediate and lateral crura as a final step in tip rhinoplasty.


RESULTS
The domal stabilization suture provided a means to help maintain dome symmetry in the setting of variable healing and scarring forces with no complications and no effect on tip rotation or projection.


CONCLUSION
Use of the domal stabilization suture enables correction of subtle changes in mild tip asymmetry and irregularities in domal height and provides subtle narrowing of the interdomal distance.
Silent speech interfaces

The possibility of speech processing in the absence of an intelligible acoustic signal has given rise to the idea of a ‘silent speech’ interface, to be used as an aid for the speech-handicapped, or as part of a communications system operating in silence-required or high-background-noise environments. The article first outlines the emergence of the silent speech interface from the fields of speech production, automatic speech processing, speech pathology research, and telecommunications privacy issues, and then follows with a presentation of demonstrator systems based on seven different types of technologies. A concluding section underlining some of the common challenges faced by silent speech interface researchers, and ideas for possible future directions, is also provided. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Security in D2D Communications: A Review

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications have emerged as a promising technology for the next generation mobile communication networks and wireless systems (5G). As an underlay network of a conventional cellular network (LTE or LTE-Advanced), D2D communications have shown great potential in improving communication capability, reducing communication delay and power dissipation, and fostering multifarious new applications and services. However, security in D2D communications, which is essential for the success of D2D services, hasn't yet drawn special attention in the literature. In this paper, we analyze security architecture of D2D communications under the framework of 3GPP LTE and identify the security requirements in D2D communications. We survey existing security solutions in D2D communications and evaluate their comprehensiveness and effectivity based on security requirements and D2D security architecture. Finally, we discuss the open research issues for securing D2D communications based on aforementioned security requirements and architecture.
SEMANTIC WEB MINING FOR INTELLIGENT WEB PERSONALIZATION

Semantic Web Mining is the outcome of two new and fast developing domains: Semantic Web and Data Mining. The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. Data Mining is the nontrivial process of identifying valid, previously unknown, potentially useful patterns in data. Semantic Web Mining refers to the application of data mining techniques to extract knowledge from World Wide Web or the area of data mining that refers to the use of algorithms for extracting patterns from resources distributed over in the web. The aim of Semantic Web Mining is to discover and retrieve useful and interesting patterns from a huge set of web data. This web data consists of different kind of information, including web structure data, web log data and user profiles data. Semantic Web Mining is a relatively new area, broadly interdisciplinary, attracting researchers from: computer science, information retrieval specialists and experts from business studies fields. Web data mining includes web content mining, web structure mining and web usage mining. All of these approaches attempt to extract knowledge from the web, produce some useful results from the knowledge extracted and apply these results to the real world problems. To improve the internet service quality and increase the user click rate on a specific website, it is necessary for a web developer to know what the user really want to do, predict which pages the user is potentially interested in. In this paper, various techniques for Semantic Web mining like web content mining, web usage mining and web structure mining are discussed. Our main focus is on web usage mining and its application in web personalization. Study shows that the accuracy of recommendation system has improved significantly with the use of semantic web mining in web personalization.
SemEval-2010 Task 8: Multi-Way Classification of Semantic Relations between Pairs of Nominals

2. Relations 4. Dataset and Evaluation Cause-Effect Smoking causes cancer. Instrument-Agency The murderer used an axe. Product-Producer Bees make honey. Content-Container The cat is in the hat. Entity-Origin Vinegar is made from wine. Entity-Destination The car arrived at the station. Component-Whole The laptop has a fast processor. Member-Collection There are ten cows in the herd. Communication-Topic You interrupted a lecture on maths.  Each example consists of two (base) NPs marked with tags <e1> and <e2>:
Falls following discharge after an in-hospital fall

BACKGROUND
Falls are among the most common adverse events reported in hospitalized patients. While there is a growing body of literature on fall prevention in the hospital, the data examining the fall rate and risk factors for falls in the immediate post-hospitalization period has not been well described. The objectives of the present study were to determine the fall rate of in-hospital fallers at home and to explore the risk factors for falls during the immediate post-hospitalization period.


METHODS
We identified patients who sustained a fall on one of 16 medical/surgical nursing units during an inpatient admission to an urban community teaching hospital. After discharge, falls were ascertained using weekly telephone surveillance for 4 weeks post-discharge. Patients were followed until death, loss to follow up or end of study (four weeks). Time spent rehospitalized or institutionalized was censored in rate calculations.


RESULTS
Of 95 hospitalized patients who fell during recruitment, 65 (68%) met inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. These subjects contributed 1498 person-days to the study (mean duration of follow-up = 23 days). Seventy-five percent were African-American and 43% were women. Sixteen patients (25%) had multiple falls during hospitalization and 23 patients (35%) suffered a fall-related injury during hospitalization. Nineteen patients (29%) experienced 38 falls at their homes, yielding a fall rate of 25.4/1,000 person-days (95% CI: 17.3-33.4). Twenty-three patients (35%) were readmitted and 3(5%) died. One patient experienced a hip fracture. In exploratory univariate analysis, persons who were likely to fall at home were those who sustained multiple falls in the hospital (p = 0.008).


CONCLUSION
Patients who fall during hospitalization, especially on more than one occasion, are at high risk for falling at home following hospital discharge. Interventions to reduce falls would be appropriate to test in this high-risk population.
Long-Term Predictors of Social and Leisure Activity 10 Years after Stroke

BACKGROUND
Restrictions in social and leisure activity can have negative consequences for the health and well-being of stroke survivors. To support the growing number of people who are ageing with stroke, knowledge is needed about factors that influence such activity in a long-term perspective.


AIM
To identify long-term predictors of the frequency of social and leisure activities 10 years after stroke.


METHOD
145 stroke survivors in Sweden were followed-up at 16 months and 10 years after a first-ever stroke. Data representing body functions, activities & participation, environmental factors and personal factors at 16 months after stroke, were used in multiple linear regression analyses to identify predictors of the activity frequency after 10 years, as assessed by the 'Community, social and civic life' sub-domain of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI-CSC).


RESULTS
At the 10-year follow-up the frequency of social and leisure activities varied considerably among the participants, with FAI-CSC scores spanning the entire score range 0-9 (mean/median 4.9/5.0). Several factors at 16 months post stroke were independently related to the long-term activity frequency. The final regression model included four significant explanatory variables. Driving a car (B = 0.999), ability to walk a few hundred meters (B = 1.698) and extent of social network (B = 1.235) had a positive effect on activity frequency, whereas an age ≥ 75 years had a negative effect (B = -1.657). This model explained 36.9% of the variance in the FAI-CSC (p<0.001).


CONCLUSION
Stroke survivors who drive a car, have the ability to walk a few hundred meters and have a wide social network at 16 months after a first-ever stroke are more likely to have a high frequency of social and leisure activities after 10 years, indicating that supporting outdoor mobility and social anchorage of stroke survivors during rehabilitation is important to counteract long-term inactivity.
Bandplastik bei Instabilität des Sattelgelenks

Wiederherstellung der Stabilität und Verhinderung von Subluxationen des Sattelgelenks (erstes Karpometakarpalgelenk, CMC-I) unter Erhalt der Beweglichkeit Posttraumatische, erworbene oder angeborene Instabilitäten des CMC-I-Gelenks. Vorliegen einer Arthrose des CMC-I-Gelenks. Neurogen oder muskulär bedingte Funktionsstörungen der Thenarmuskulatur sowie sonstige Kontrakturen im Sattelgelenkbereich. Infektionen. Radiopalmarer Zugang zum Sattelgelenk, Reposition und transossäre Bandplastik mit einem distal gestielten Sehnenstreifen des M. abductor pollicis longus. Ruhigstellung in der Gipsschiene für 5 Wochen. Diese Bandplastik liefert meist gute und sehr gute Ergebnisse. Nur in einem von 24 Fällen kam es zu einer Auslockerung. Die Bandrekonstruktion des Karpometakarpalgelenks des Daumens minderte den Schmerz und stellte die Stabilität unter Erhalt des funktionellen Bewegungsausmaßes bei Patienten mit chronischer Instabilität wieder her. Restoring stability and preventing subluxation/dislocation of the trapeziometacarpal (first carpometacarpal = CMC-I) joint while preserving mobility. Posttraumatic, acquired or congenital instability of the CMC-I joint. Existence of osteoarthritis of the CMC-I joint. Neurogenic or muscular origin dysfunction of thenar muscles and other contractures the CMC-I area. Infections. Radiopalmar approach to the CMC-I joint, reduction, and transosseous ligament reconstruction with a distally pedicled tendon strip from the abductor pollicis longus muscle. Splint immobilization for 5 weeks. This procedure generally results in good or very good outcomes. Of 24 patients, only one patient experienced rupture of the ligament reconstruction. Ligament reconstruction for the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb relieves pain and restores stability while preserving functional range of motion in patients with chronic instability.
Problems inferring the specificity of plant—pathogen genetics

Parker (1996, Evol. Ecol. 10, 319-22) argued that data from agricultural genetics are sufficient to draw a strong conclusion about the nature of genetic specificity in plant – pathogen interactions. By contrast, I have argued that the current data are not sufficient (Frank, 1993, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 254, 191; 1994, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 346, 283; 1996a, Evol. Ecol. 10, 307-17). There are biochemical, evolutionary, epidemiological and statistical reasons to doubt Parker's conclusion.
Rationale and design of a prospective trial to assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value of implantable intrathoracic impedance monitoring in the prediction of heart failure hospitalizations: the SENSE-HF study.

BACKGROUND
Intrathoracic impedance monitoring is a new diagnostic tool for patients with heart failure that may aid early identification of decompensation and pulmonary congestion.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The Sensitivity of the InSync Sentry feature for the Prediction of Heart Failure (ie, SENSE-HF) trial is a prospective multicenter international study designed to evaluate the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the intrathoracic impedance diagnostic tool, OptiVol, present in Medtronic implantable devices. A total of 500 patients will be enrolled in the trial, with follow-up for up to 24 months. The study has 3 phases. Phase I is double-blind, and evaluates retrospectively the sensitivity and PPV of the intrathoracic impedance data for the prediction of hospitalization with the signs and/or symptoms of pulmonary congestion. At 6 months, the patient enters Phase II, which evaluates the clinical utility of the nominal "alarm" threshold value for identification of episodes of decompensation. The patient enters the final phase (Phase III) after an episode of decompensation correctly identified by the Fluid Trend data ("true" positive alarm), with data collection on how physicians use the Fluid Trend data to influence management. An end point committee adjudicates health care utilizations events (hospitalizations and doctor visits) for their association with signs and/or symptoms of pulmonary congestion.


CONCLUSIONS
The study completed recruitment during 2008.
Risks and Predictors of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Patients with Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia: A Population-Based Study

OBJECTIVES:Gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia are precursor lesions for adenocarcinoma. The risks of progression to malignancy from these lesions are not well characterized, particularly in the US populations.METHODS:We identified 4,331 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who were diagnosed with gastric intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia between 1997 and 2006 and followed them through December 2013. The incident rates of gastric adenocarcinoma, relative risks in comparison with the Kaiser Permanente general population, and predictors of progression to malignancy were investigated.RESULTS:Among 4,146 individuals with gastric intestinal metaplasia and 141 with low-grade dysplasia with 24,440 person-years follow-up, 17 and 6 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were diagnosed, respectively, after 1 year from the index endoscopy. The incidence rate of gastric adenocarcinoma was 0.72/1,000 person-years in patients with intestinal metaplasia, with a relative risk of 2.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–4.10) compared with the Kaiser Permanente member population, and 7.7/1,000 person-years for low-grade dysplasia, with a relative risk of 25.6 (95% CI, 9.4–55.7). The median time for gastric intestinal metaplasia to progress to adenocarcinoma was 6.1 years, and for low-grade dysplasia, 2.6 years. Hispanic race/ethnicity and history of dysplasia were associated with significantly higher risk of progression to gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSIONS:Gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia are significant predictors for gastric adenocarcinoma. The low risk for malignancy associated with intestinal metaplasia does not support routine endoscopic surveillance. However, surveillance should be considered in patients at higher risks, including those with suspicious endoscopic features, presence of dysplasia, and Hispanic race/ethnicity.