LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Translating knowledge for action against stroke – using 5-minute videos for stroke survivors and caregivers to improve post-stroke outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Movies4Stroke)

BACKGROUND
Two thirds of the global mortality of stroke is borne by low and middle income countries (LMICs). Pakistan is the world's sixth most populous country with a stroke-vulnerable population and is without a single dedicated chronic care center. In order to provide evidence for a viable solution responsive to this health care gap, and leveraging the existing >70% mobile phone density, we thought it rational to test the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based video intervention of short 5-minute movies to educate and support stroke survivors and their primary caregivers.


METHODS
Movies4Stroke will be a randomized control, outcome assessor blinded, parallel group, single center superiority trial. Participants with an acute stroke, medically stable, with mild to moderate disability and having a stable primary caregiver will be included. After obtaining informed consent the stroke survivor-caregiver dyad will be randomized. Intervention participants will have the movie program software installed in their phone, desktop, or Android device which will allow them to receive, view and repeat 5-minute videos on stroke-related topics at admission, discharge and first and third months after enrollment. The control arm will receive standard of care at an internationally accredited center with defined protocols. The primary outcome measure is medication adherence as ascertained by a locally validated Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and control of major risk factors such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol at 12 months post discharge. Secondary outcome measures are post-stroke complications and mortality, caregiver knowledge and change in functional outcomes after acute stroke at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Movies4Stroke is designed to enroll 300 participant dyads after inflating 10% to incorporate attrition and non-compliance and has been powered at 95% to detect a 15% difference between intervention and usual care arm. Analysis will be done by the intention-to-treat principle.


DISCUSSION
Movies4Stroke is a randomized trial testing an application aimed at supporting caregivers and stroke survivors in a LMIC with no rehabilitation or chronic support systems.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT02202330 (28 January 2015).
Source Separation and Density Estimation by Faithful Equivariant SOM

Jack D. Cowan Department of Math University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 j-cowan@uchicago.edu We couple the tasks of source separation and density estimation by extracting the local geometrical structure of distributions obtained from mixtures of statistically independent sources. Our modifications of the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm results in purely digital learning rules which perform non-parametric histogram density estimation. The non-parametric nature of the separation allows for source separation of non-linear mixtures. An anisotropic coupling is introduced into our SOM with the role of aligning the network locally with the independent component contours. This approach provides an exact verification condition for source separation with no prior on the source distributions.
“Vector Cross-Product Direction-Finding” With an Electromagnetic Vector-Sensor of Six Orthogonally Oriented But Spatially Noncollocating Dipoles/Loops

Direction-finding capability has recently been advanced by synergies between the customary approach of inter ferometry and the new approach of “vector cross product” based Poynting-vector estimator. The latter approach measures the incident electromagnetic wavefield for each of its six electromagnetic components, all at one point in space, to allow a vector cross-product between the measured electric-field vector and the measured magnetic-field vector. This would lead to the estimation of each incident source's Poynting-vector, which (after proper norm-normalization) would then reveal the corresponding Cartesian direction-cosines, and thus the azimuth-elevation arrival angles. Such a “vector cross product” algorithm has been predicated on the measurement of all six electromagnetic components at one same spatial location. This physically requires an electromagnetic vector-sensor, i.e., three identical but orthogonally oriented electrically short dipoles, plus three identical but orthogonally oriented magnetically small loops-all spatially collocated in a point-like geometry. Such a complicated “vector-antenna” would require exceptionally effective electromagnetic isolation among its six component-antennas. To minimize mutual coupling across these collocated antennas, considerable antennas-complexity and hardware cost could be required. Instead, this paper shows how to apply the “vector cross-product” direction-of-arrival estimator, even if the three dipoles and the three loops are located separately (instead of collocating in a point-like geometry). This new scheme has great practical value, in reducing mutual coupling, in simplifying the antennas hardware, and in sparsely extending the spatial aperture to refine the direction-finding accuracy by orders of magnitude.
Neurofeedback as a nonpharmacological treatment for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Neurofeedback has been applied effectively in various areas, especially in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study protocol is designed to investigate the effect of slow cortical potential (SCP) feedback and a new form of neurofeedback using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on symptomatology and neurophysiological parameters in an adult ADHD population. A comparison of SCP and NIRS feedback therapy methods has not been previously conducted and may yield valuable findings about alternative treatments for adult ADHD.


METHODS/DESIGN
The outcome of both neurofeedback techniques will be assessed over 30 treatment sessions and after a 6-month follow-up period, and then will be compared to a nonspecific biofeedback treatment. Furthermore, to investigate if treatment effects in this proof-of-principle study can be predicted by specific neurophysiological baseline parameters, regression models will be applied. Finally, a comparison with healthy controls will be conducted to evaluate deviant pretraining neurophysiological parameters, stability of assessment measures, and treatment outcome.


DISCUSSION
To date, an investigation and comparison of SCP and NIRS feedback training to an active control has not been conducted; therefore, we hope to gain valuable insights in effects and differences of these types of treatment for ADHD in adults.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study is registered with the German Registry of Clinical Trials: DRKS00006767 , date of registration: 8 October 2014.
The determinants of nurses' therapeutic attitude to patients who use illicit drugs and implications for workforce development.

AIM
To examine the determinants of generalist nurses' therapeutic attitude to patients who use illicit drugs, and to model workforce development initiatives.


BACKGROUND
Individuals who use illicit drugs rely heavily on healthcare in emergency departments and inpatient hospital wards. Little is known about the determinants of generalist nurses' therapeutic attitude to provide care, therefore limiting our understanding of the important issues for workforce development.


DESIGN
The study was a cross-sectional survey of registrants on the Australian Capital Territory Nurses Registration Roll 2002 (N = 3241, 50% response rate). The associations between variables and nurses' therapeutic attitude were examined by multi-variable linear regression analysis.


METHOD
Nurses' therapeutic attitude was assessed using a modified version of the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire. Personal characteristics, attitudes to illicit drugs and professional practice variables such as drug and alcohol education, experience with the patient group and role support were examined using a mix of standardised and new questions.


RESULTS
Professional practice variables explained 53% of the variation of nurses' therapeutic attitude, the most important being role support. Although a negative attitude to illicit drugs had a statistically significant association with therapeutic attitude, it added less than 1% to the variation explained. Personal characteristics showed no association.


CONCLUSIONS
Generalist nurses struggle to provide care to this patient group. Role support was found to be the strongest driver of nurses' therapeutic attitude, and workplace illicit drug education was only useful in combination with high role support.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Nurses' caring role with patients who use illicit drugs is complex and demanding. Nursing workforce development must focus on increasing nurses' role support, in terms of appropriately skilled staff readily available for consultation and advice. Support for nurses, in the form of evidence-based practice standards and appropriate time allocation, is also important.
Effects of menopause on seizures in women with epilepsy.

PURPOSE
Although important associations between epilepsy and women's hormonal phases are described, the relation of menopause to epilepsy has received little attention.


METHODS
By using a structured interview, we studied menopausal women with epilepsy seen at the University of Maryland Epilepsy Center over a 1-year period from 1994 to 1995. We analyzed the characteristics and temporal relation of the seizures to menopause and compared the frequency and severity of the seizures with those in a similar group of premenopausal women.


RESULTS
We identified 61 menopausal women (46 who were postmenopausal and 15 perimenopausal) and compared them with 46 premenopausal women. No statistically significant differences were noted in either the frequency or the severity of seizures comparing all menopausal or only postmenopausal with premenopausal women. However, 12 (20%) of the 61 menopausal women noted that their seizures first began during or after menopause, with eight having no proven cause for their seizures. Many individual women described changes in their seizures with menopause. Among the 61 menopausal women, 49 had established epilepsy before the onset of menopause, and 20 (41%) reported worsening of their seizures with menopause, 13 (27%) noted improvement, and 16 (33%) described no changes. These observations were similar for peri- and postmenopausal women. Of the 15 menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, the six taking progestin were significantly less likely to report worsening of their seizures.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the view that hormonal influences are important in women with seizures. Although, in aggregate, menopausal (combined perimenopausal and postmenopausal) and postmenopausal women's seizures were similar in frequency and severity to those of other women, menopause was associated with changes in seizures for some women. Moreover, menopause may be a previously unrecognized factor for some new-onset seizures. The relations between menopause and epilepsy deserve to be more fully investigated.
Talking about Rates Conceptually, Part II: Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching.

Part I of this report (Thompson & Thompson, 1994) described one teacher’s, Bill’s, attempts to teach concepts of speed to one child, Ann. We analyzed sources of their eventual dysfunctional communication, concluding that Bill had encapsulated his deep understandings of rate and proportionality within his language for numbers and operations. Part II presents Pat’s session with Ann, analyzing his instructional actions in light of his agenda for having Ann build a scheme of operations by which to understand distance, time, and speed. We contrast Pat’s agenda with Bill’s, focusing on the mathematical knowledge that guided their instructional decisions and actions. We briefly discuss implications for the content knowledge preparation of teachers.
Physiology and Biochemistry of Enzyme Variation: The Interface of Ecology and Population Genetics

“That is to say, the genes in question, insignificant as are their visible effects, have an important influence on the physiology of the organism, modifying profoundly the individual as a unit upon which selection operates.” E.B. Ford, 1965.
Perceived difficulty, importance, and satisfaction with physical function in COPD patients

BACKGROUND
Research suggests that patients' satisfaction with their physical functioning (SPF) is a critical component of HRQL. This study was designed to examine the extent to which perceptions of physical function and the value placed on physical function are related to satisfaction ratings. The sample consisted of older adults suffering from a progressively debilitating disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


METHODS
During baseline assessments, COPD patients participating in a randomized controlled physical activity trial completed measures of SPF, perceived difficulty, and perceived importance.


RESULTS
An ANCOVA controlling for age and gender indicated that perceived difficulty, perceived importance, and their interaction accounted for 43% of the variance in SPF. Additionally, participants were most satisfied with important tasks that they performed with little difficulty. Participants were least satisfied with important tasks that they perceived as highly difficult.


CONCLUSION
The results of the present study indicate that not being able to perform valued tasks produces discontent that is reflected in lower rating of satisfaction with physical functioning. Clearly, the significance of loss in function to individual patients is related to the importance of the functional activities that may be compromised. These data have implications for the scope of patient assessment in clinical care and for the conceptual basis of future research in the area of physical functioning.
A 2.45-GHz low cost and efficient rectenna

This paper reports a novel rectifying antenna (rectenna) based on modified bridge rectifier with four Schottky diodes. The 2.45-GHz microwave rectifier has been developed and optimized using a global simulation technique which associates electromagnetic and circuit approaches in order to accurately predict the rectifier performances. The presented device doesn't need neither input HF filter nor bypass capacitor. This makes the structure more compact and low cost. A 2.45GHz linearly polarized patch antenna has been designed and associated to the microwave rectifier to obtain the full rectenna. The rectifier achieves an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of 61% at 10 mW input power. When the power density is 0.15 mW/cm², the full rectenna circuit shows an efficiency of 52% over an optimal resistive load of 1050Ω.
Characteristics of the multiple-input DC-DC converter

In the zero-emission electric power generation system, a multiple-input DC-DC converter is useful to obtain the regulated output voltage from several input power sources such as a solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. A new multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed and analyzed. As a result, the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically, and the results are confirmed by experiment.
Diagnosis of Small-Bowel Diseases: Prospective Comparison of Multi-Detector Row CT Enterography with MR Enterography.

PURPOSE
To prospectively compare the accuracies of computed tomographic (CT) enterography and magnetic resonance (MR) enterography for the detection and characterization of small-bowel diseases.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The institutional review board approved the study protocol, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. From June 2009 to July 2013, 150 consecutive patients (81 men and 69 women; mean age, 38.8 years; range, 18-74 years), who were suspected of having a small-bowel disease on the basis of clinical findings and whose previous upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy findings were normal, underwent CT and MR enterography. Two independent readers reviewed CT and MR enterographic images for the presence of small-bowel diseases, for differentiating between inflammatory and noninflammatory diseases, and for extraenteric complications. The histopathologic findings of surgical (n = 23) and endoscopic (n = 32) biopsy specimens were used as the reference standard; the results of video-capsule endoscopy (n = 36) and clinical follow-up (n = 59) were used only to confirm the absence of small-bowel disease.


RESULTS
MR and CT enterography were successfully performed in all 150 patients. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, in identifying patients with small-bowel lesions were 75.9% (41 of 54), 94.8% (91 of 96), and 88.0% (132 of 150) for CT enterography and 92.6% (50 of 54), 99.0% (95 of 96), and 96.7% (145 of 150) for MR enterography. The sensitivity of MR enterography was significantly higher than that of CT enterography for the detection of both overall small-bowel diseases (P = .0159) and neoplastic diseases (P = .0412) but not for the detection of inflammatory diseases (P > .99) or noninflammatory and nonneoplastic diseases (P = .6171).


CONCLUSION
MR enterography is more accurate than CT enterography in the detection of small-bowel diseases; MR enterography was more accurate in detecting neoplastic diseases in particular.
Data fusion in intelligent transportation systems: Progress and challenges - A survey

In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), transportation infrastructure is complimented with information and communication technologies with the objectives of attaining improved passenger safety, reduced transportation time and fuel consumption and vehicle wear and tear. With the advent of modern communication and computational devices and inexpensive sensors it is possible to collect and process data from a number of sources. Data fusion (DF) is collection of techniques by which information from multiple sources are combined in order to reach a better inference. DF is an inevitable tool for ITS. This paper provides a survey of how DF is used in different areas of ITS. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using Block Chain for Peer-to-Peer Proof-of-Location

Location-Based Services (LBSs) build upon geographic information to provide users with locationdependent functionalities. In such a context, it is particularly important that geographic locations claimed by users are the actual ones. Verification approaches proposed in the last few years are not satisfactory, as they depend on a centralized infrastructure that entails a high risk to the privacy of users. In this paper, we present a novel approach for producing proofs-of-location, i.e., digital certificates that attest someone’s presence at a certain geographic location, at some point in time, whereby LBSs can validate user locations. In particular, our approach relies on the block chain — mostly known for being Bitcoin’s core technology — to design a completely decentralized peerto-peer architecture that guarantees location trustworthiness and preserves user privacy, at the same time. 1998 ACM Subject Classification C.2.4 Distributed Systems
A Review of Studies on Neuromarketing : Practical Results , Techniques , Contributions and Limitations

This article surveyed the main neuromarketing techniques used in the world and the practical results obtained. Specifically, the objectives are (1) to identify the main existing definitions of neuromarketing; (2) to identify the importance and the potential contributions of neuromarketing; (3) to demonstrate the advantages of neuromarketing as a marketing research tool compared to traditional research methods; (4) to identify the ethical issues involved with neuromarketing research; (5) to present the main neuromarketing techniques that are being used in the development of marketing research; (6) to present studies in which neuromarketing research techniques were used; and (7) to identify the main limitations of neuromarketing. The results obtained allow an understanding of the ways to develop, store, Journal of Management Research ISSN 1941-899X 2014, Vol. 6, No. 2 www.macrothink.org/jmr 202 retrieve and use information about consumers, as well as ways to develop the field of neuromarketing. In addition to offering theoretical support for neuromarketing, this article discusses business cases, implementation and achievements.
Vascularization in primary breast carcinomas: its prognostic significance and relationship with tumor cell dissemination.

PURPOSE
The interaction between tumor cells, stroma, and endothelial cells is important for the dissemination of tumor cells. The aim of the present study is to examine vascularity in primary breast carcinomas and its prognostic significance and relationship with tumor cell dissemination.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
A total of 498 invasive breast carcinomas were analyzed. Representative tumor sections were stained for CD34 and CD105, and vascularity was quantified by the Chalkley method. The relationship between Chalkley counts, vascular invasion, disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow, other clinicopathologic variables, and clinical outcome was evaluated.


RESULTS
High vascular grades determined by Chalkley counts were significantly associated with shorter distant disease-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival in all patients (P < 0.001, log-rank) and in node-negative patients not receiving adjuvant systemic therapy (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, both CD34 and CD105 Chalkley counts showed prognostic significance for distant disease-free survival (P = 0.014 and P = 0.026), whereas CD34 also showed prognostic significance for breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.007). Vascular invasion and DTCs in the bone marrow showed independent prognostic significance. DTC did not discriminate survival for CD34 low Chalkley counts, whereas a very poor prognosis was observed for DTC-positive patients with high CD34 counts. In node-negative patients not receiving systemic chemotherapy, high CD34 and high CD105 counts in combination identified patients with unfavorable outcome, as opposed to all other CD34/CD105 combinations.


CONCLUSIONS
Improved identification of risk groups could be obtained by adding CD34 and CD105 vascular analysis to DTC, vascular invasion, and other primary tumor factors. This may facilitate the selection of candidates for adjuvant systemic therapy.
Dark margins at igneous contacts: A Critical Study with Special Reference to those in Jersey, C.I.

Abstract Megascopically dark zones may occur in rocks at the contact with granite intrusions. The zones vary in width and nature. Several explanations of their origin have been advanced, particularly for those in basic igneous rocks. Chilling of basic magma against acid magma and reaction between basic rocks and acid magma are the most common of these and the criteria by which they may be distinguished are discussed with particular reference to dark margins occurring in Jersey. Both processes are known to occur, but the tectonic setting of a particular granite mass in large measure determines which is dominant in a particular area. Chilled margins are thus found to be more common in the high-level volcanic association, whereas reaction is dominant at deeper plutonic levels, but can occur wherever there is a compositional difference between the rocks involved.