LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Glycemic Control Strategies on the Progression of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Cohort

OBJECTIVE
The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial demonstrated similar long-term clinical effectiveness of insulin-sensitizing (IS) versus insulin-providing (IP) treatments for type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular outcomes in a cohort with documented coronary artery disease. We evaluated the effects of randomized glycemic control strategy (IS vs. IP) on the prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
DPN (defined as Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument [MNSI] clinical examination score>2) was assessed at baseline and yearly for 4 years. DPN prevalence and incidence were compared by intention-to-treat modeling by logistic generalized estimating equation models for prevalence and Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models for incidence rates.


RESULTS
Results are reported for 2,159 BARI 2D participants (70% males) with valid baseline and at least one follow-up MNSI score (mean age 62±9 years, mean HbA1c 7.7±1.6%, diabetes duration 10±9 years). There were no differences in the prevalence of DPN between the IS and the IP groups throughout the 4 years of follow-up. In 1,075 BARI 2D participants with no DPN at baseline, the 4-year cumulative incidence rate of DPN was significantly lower in the IS (66%) than in the IP (72%) strategy group (P=0.02), which remained significant after adjusting for the in-trial HbA1c (P=0.04). In subgroup analyses, IS strategy had a greater benefit in men (hazard ratio 0.75 [99% CI 0.58-0.99], P<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with type 2 diabetes followed for up to 4 years during BARI 2D, a glycemic control therapy with IS significantly reduced the incidence of DPN compared with IP therapy and may add further benefit for men.
Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs.

AIMS
Non-compliance in patients with heart failure (HF) contributes to worsening HF symptoms and may lead to hospitalization. Several smaller studies have examined compliance in HF, but all were limited as they only studied either the individual components of compliance and its related factors or several aspects of compliance without studying the related factors. The aims of this study were to examine all dimensions of compliance and its related factors in one HF population.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Data were collected in a cohort of 501 HF patients. Clinical and demographic data were assessed and patients completed questionnaires on compliance, beliefs, knowledge, and self-care behaviour. Overall compliance was 72% in this older HF population. Compliance with medication and appointment keeping was high (>90%). In contrast, compliance with diet (83%), fluid restriction (73%), exercise (39%), and weighing (35%) was markedly lower. Compliance was related to knowledge (OR=5.67; CI 2.87-11.19), beliefs (OR=1.78; CI 1.18-2.69), and depressive symptoms (OR=0.53; CI 0.35-0.78).


CONCLUSION
Although some aspects of compliance had an acceptable level, compliance with weighing and exercise were low. In order to improve compliance, an increase of knowledge and a change of patient's beliefs by education and counselling are recommended. Extra attention should be paid to patients with depressive symptoms.
Mechatronics - "What Is It, Why, and How?" An editorial

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the new publication of the IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS. This TRANSACTIONS is published quarterly from this premiere issue in 1996 as a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division, aiming at establishing a high-quality archival journal which represents stme of the art of mechatronics, its recent advances, and practical applications. Many of you are quite familiar with the basic concepts and commercial products utilizing the control of mechanical systems in conjunction with modern electronics technology. The word "Mechatronics" is a new word for the blending of mechanics and electronics invented in Japan at the end of the 1960's. Yaskawa Electric Company once commercially registered the word "Mechatronics," which is now freely used by anyone [1]. In this editorial, we look back at the history of mechatronics, project it into the future, and state the scope and direction of this new journal.
Pixel-level image fusion with simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit

Pixel-level image fusion integrates the information from multiple images of one scene to get an informative image which is more suitable for human visual perception or further image-processing. Sparse representation is a new signal representation theory which explores the sparseness of natural signals. Comparing to the traditional multiscale transform coefficients, the sparse representation coefficients can more accurately represent the image information. Thus, this paper proposes a novel image fusion scheme using the signal sparse representation theory. Because image fusion depends on local information of source images, we conduct the sparse representation on overlapping patches instead of the whole image, where a small size of dictionary is needed. In addition, the simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit technique is introduced to guarantee that different source images are sparsely decomposed into the same subset of dictionary bases, which is the key to image fusion. The proposed method is tested on several categories of images and compared with some popular image fusion methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide superior fused image in terms of several quantitative fusion evaluation indexes. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stress and the microbiome: linking glucocorticoids to bacterial community dynamics in wild red squirrels.

Bacterial diversity within animals is emerging as an essential component of health, but it is unknown how stress may influence the microbiome. We quantify a proximate link between the oral microbiome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity using faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in wild red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Not only was bacterial diversity lower at higher levels of FGM, but also between capture periods a change in bacterial relative abundance was related to an increase in FGM. These linkages between the HPA axis and microbiome communities represent a powerful capacity for stress to have multi-dimensional effects on health.
Space-Frequency Scheduling in TDD Based LTE-Advanced MIMO-OFDMA Systems

Space-frequency resource allocation and multiuser beamforming are crucial techniques to obtain high spectral efficiency requirements of IMT-A technologies. In this paper, we consider system level evaluation results of downlink TDD based LTE-A MIMO-OFDMA networks in ITU-R specific IMT-A evaluation environments. Efficient multiuser MIMO beamforming with and without intra-site coordinated multipoint (CoMP) and proportional fair space-frequency scheduling algorithms are particularly investigated. The system level results indicate that MU-MIMO and CoMP are needed in urban micro (UMi) environment to achieve the ITU-R specific spectral efficiency requirements. In ITU specific indoor scenario, MU-MIMO system is able to provide very high spectral efficiency because intercell interference is not limiting performance so strongly. The considered MU-MIMO CoMP seems to work also in rural macro environment with high mobility users and outdated CSI.
Sound exposure and southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca): A review of current knowledge and data gaps

The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible due to time constraints. Documents published in this series may be referenced in the scientific and technical literature. Figure 7. Equal loudness contours of human subjects depicting the level of a comparison tone required to match the perceived loudness of a 1,000 Hz tone presented at different levels .. Figure 9. Killer whale behavioral audiogram and one-third octave ambient levels in a sea state of 0 ...... 35 Figure 10. Predicted maximum horizontal detection ranges at 50 kHz for a killer whale at the surface echolocating on a Chinook salmon at 65 m depth for various noise conditions.. Executive Summary This document reviews what is currently known about potential acoustic impacts on endangered Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs). Killer whales (Orcinus orca) use sound for echolocation, social communication, and passive listening. Ambient noise, including that from natural and anthropogenic sources, has the potential to interfere with the reception and use of these important biological sounds. Significant sources of anthropogenic sounds that contribute to ambient background noise in critical habitats of SRKWs include sonar, acoustic harassment devices, vessel traffic, and construction noise. Most measurements of ambient sounds made in SRKW habitat are greatly influenced by vessel traffic that, at close ranges, raises noise levels significantly above ambient levels. In order to address potential acoustic impacts, particularly from anthropogenic sources, this document reviews parameters of sound that are pertinent to the auditory capabilities of killer whales and various studies on noise effects in killer whales and other dolphins. The latter includes auditory ramifications such as auditory masking or hearing loss and behavioral effects such as disruption of foraging events or avoidance of an area. With this information, the document then incorporates information on the soundscape of SRKW habitat and defines zones of audibility, responsiveness, masking, and hearing loss and addresses the likelihood of acoustic impacts on the SRKW population. Lastly, recommendations are made for future work in order to address gaps in information that, if available, would increase confidence in predicting the likelihood of acoustic impacts on SRKWs. ABR auditory brainstem response AHD acoustic harassment device CR critical ratio dB decibel DL difference limen DI directivity index EL echo level Hz hertz kHz kilohertz …
Literature Review 2.1 Synovial Joints

A diarthrodial joint is an encapsulated system which encloses its articulating surfaces and lubricant. The end of each bone is covered with a protective layer of articular cartilage, which serves to reduce contact stresses in the joint, protect bone surfaces from impact stresses, and minimize friction and wear in the joint [6]. The natural lubricant, called synovial fluid, is a clear, viscous fluid which serves three purposes: it lubricates the articulating surfaces, carries nutrients to the cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, and transports waste products away from the cartilage. The synovial membrane, which surrounds the joint, serves several purposes: it regulates the amount and content of the synovial fluid, it removes waste materials from the synovial fluid and allows nutrients to enter the synovial capsule, and it secretes synovial fluid and other macromolecules for lubrication of the joint [7]. A diagram of a simplified synovial joint is shown in Figure 2.1. Cartilage is a complex material consisting of both solid and fluid components. The solid portion is composed primarily of a network of collagen fibers and brush-like proteoglycan molecules. This network traps water in the material and stores it as a gel; this gel becomes pressurized upon application of a load to the joint, and enables the cartilage to support relatively high loads. [8, 9] In addition to providing the framework for the material, the collagen network provides an ideal surface for sliding. Cartilage is more flexible than the subchondral bone that supports it, and is therefore well suited for padding the bone surfaces to reduce contact and impact stresses.
High Wall Shear Stress and Spatial Gradients in Vascular Pathology: A Review

Cardiovascular pathologies such as intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and atherosclerosis preferentially localize to bifurcations and curvatures where hemodynamics are complex. While extensive knowledge about low wall shear stress (WSS) has been generated in the past, due to its strong relevance to atherogenesis, high WSS (typically >3 Pa) has emerged as a key regulator of vascular biology and pathology as well, receiving renewed interests. As reviewed here, chronic high WSS not only stimulates adaptive outward remodeling, but also contributes to saccular IA formation (at bifurcation apices or outer curves) and atherosclerotic plaque destabilization (in stenosed vessels). Recent advances in understanding IA pathogenesis have shed new light on the role of high WSS in pathological vascular remodeling. In complex geometries, high WSS can couple with significant spatial WSS gradient (WSSG). A combination of high WSS and positive WSSG has been shown to trigger aneurysm initiation. Since endothelial cells (ECs) are sensors of WSS, we have begun to elucidate EC responses to high WSS alone and in combination with WSSG. Understanding such responses will provide insight into not only aneurysm formation, but also plaque destabilization and other vascular pathologies and potentially lead to improved strategies for disease management and novel targets for pharmacological intervention.
Restraint Reduction, Restraint Elimination, and Best Practice: Role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist in Patient Safety.

PURPOSE
Baseline restraint prevalence for surgical step-down unit was 5.08%, and for surgical intensive care unit, it was 25.93%, greater than the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) mean. Project goal was sustained restraint reduction below the NDNQI mean and maintaining patient safety.


BACKGROUND/RATIONALE
Soft wrist restraints are utilized for falls reduction and preventing device removal but are not universally effective and may put patients at risk of injury. Decreasing use of restrictive devices enhances patient safety and decreases risk of injury.


DESCRIPTION
Phase 1 consisted of advanced practice nurse-facilitated restraint rounds on each restrained patient including multidisciplinary assessment and critical thinking with bedside clinicians including reevaluation for treatable causes of agitation and restraint indications. Phase 2 evaluated less restrictive mitts, padded belts, and elbow splint devices. Following a 4-month trial, phase 3 expanded the restraint initiative including critical care requiring education and collaboration among advanced practice nurses, physician team members, and nurse champions.


EVALUATION AND OUTCOMES
Phase 1 decreased surgical step-down unit restraint prevalence from 5.08% to 3.57%. Phase 2 decreased restraint prevalence from 3.57% to 1.67%, less than the NDNQI mean. Phase 3 expansion in surgical intensive care units resulted in wrist restraint prevalence from 18.19% to 7.12% within the first year, maintained less than the NDNQI benchmarks while preserving patient safety.


INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSION
The initiative produced sustained reduction in acute/critical care well below the NDNQI mean without corresponding increase in patient medical device removal.


IMPLICATIONS
By managing causes of agitation, need for restraints is decreased, protecting patients from injury and increasing patient satisfaction. Follow-up research may explore patient experiences with and without restrictive device use.
Thread Lift: Classification, Technique, and How to Approach to the Patient

Background: The thread lift technique has become popular because it is less invasive, requires a shorter operation, less downtime, and results in fewer postoperative complications. The advantage of the technique is that the thread can be inserted under the skin without the need for long incisions. Currently, there are a lot of thread lift techniques with respect to the specific types of thread used on specific areas, such as the mid-face, lower face, or neck area. Objective: To review the thread lift technique for specific areas according to type of thread, patient selection, and how to match the most appropriate to the patient. Materials and Methods: A literature review technique was conducted by searching PubMed and MEDLINE, then compiled and summarized. Result: We have divided our protocols into two sections: Protocols for short suture, and protocols for long suture techniques. We also created 3D pictures for each technique to enhance understanding and application in a clinical setting. Conclusion: There are advantages and disadvantages to short suture and long suture techniques. The best outcome for each patient depends on appropriate patient selection and determining the most suitable technique for the defect and area of patient concern. Keywords—Thread lift, thread lift method, thread lift technique, thread lift procedure, threading.
Acoustic ecology of Antarctic pinnipeds

In aquatic-mating pinnipeds, acoustic communication plays an important role in male competition and mate attraction. Vocal repertoire size and composition during the breeding season varies between species and is presumed to be a product of interspecific differences in sexual selection. In this study, we examine seasonal and diel patterns in acoustic repertoire size, composition and call activity of 4 Antarctic pinniped species: Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii, leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx, Ross seal Ommatophoca rossii and crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophaga. An 11 mo (Jan 2006 – Jan 2007, no recordings Jul and Nov 2006) near-continuous dataset was collected from the Perennial Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean (PALAOA) located on the Ekström Iceshelf. The Weddell seal vocal repertoire consisted of 14 call types. Calls were present throughout the year except in February (11 mo), while repertoire composition varied considerably between months. The leopard seal vocal repertoire consisted of 7 call types. Calls were present between October and January (4 mo). All call types were used in a uniform manner throughout the entire call period. The Ross seal vocal repertoire consisted of 5 call types. Ross seal vocalizations were present from December until February (3 mo). Repertoire composition varied little between months. Crabeater seals produced one vocalization type, present from August to December (5 mo). Vocalizations in these species are likely produced in a breeding context. Inter-specific differences in behavioral ecology and interactions with abiotic and biotic environmental factors shape vocal behavior resulting in each species filling its own acoustic ecological niche.
Structuration theory and new technology: analysing organizationally situated computer-aided design (CAD)

It is becoming generally established that modern research and writings need to acknowledge the organizational context that surrounds the use of a technology (see Rachel & Woolgar, 1995; Westrup, 1996). However, previous efforts have been criticized for their failure to accumulate consistent research findings or develop coherent theoretical frameworks (Markus & Robey, 1988). Part of the problem is that a wide diversity of perspectives is adopted by organizational researchers, and fundamental issues behind these perspectives have yet to be properly examined and resolved (see Burrell & Morgan, 1979); this paper adopts the perspective that some resolution of these issues is possible, or at least should be sought. One approach is to adopt the theoretical framework, built on Giddens' structuration theory (Giddens, 1990), as presented by Orlikowski and Robey (1991), and to use it to analyse a new technology case, that of computer-aided design/draughting.
Sentiment Analysis of Yelp ‘ s Ratings Based on Text

Yelp has been one of the most popular sites for users to rate and review local businesses. Businesses organize their own listings while users rate the business from 1− 5 stars and write text reviews. Users can also vote on other helpful or funny reviews written by other users. Using this enormous amount of data that Yelp has collected over the years, it would be meaningful if we could learn to predict ratings based on review‘s text alone, because free-text reviews are difficult for computer systems to understand, analyze and aggregate [1]. The idea can be extended to many other applications where assessment has traditionally been in the format of text and assigning a quick numerical rating is difficult. Examples include predicting movie or book ratings based on news articles or blogs [2], assigning ratings to YouTube videos based on viewers‘comments, and even more general sentiment analysis, sometimes also referred to as opinion mining.
Friction stir welding and processing

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. Recently, friction stir processing (FSP) was developed for microstructural modification of metallic materials. In this review article, the current state of understanding and development of the FSW and FSP are addressed. Particular emphasis has been given to: (a) mechanisms responsible for the formation of welds and microstructural refinement, and (b) effects of FSW/FSP parameters on resultant microstructure and final mechanical properties. While the bulk of the information is related to aluminum alloys, important results are now available for other metals and alloys. At this stage, the technology diffusion has significantly outpaced the fundamental understanding of microstructural evolution and microstructure–property relationships. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Denoising based Vector Approximate Message Passing

The D-AMP methodology, recently proposed by Metzler, Maleki, and Baraniuk, allows one to plug in sophisticated denoisers like BM3D into the AMP algorithm to achieve state-of-the-art compressive image recovery. But AMP diverges with small deviations from the i.i.d.-Gaussian assumption on the measurement matrix. Recently, the VAMP algorithm has been proposed to fix this problem. In this work, we show that the benefits of VAMP extend to D-VAMP. Consider the problem of recovering a (vectorized) image x0 ∈ R from compressive (i.e., M ≪ N ) noisy linear measurements y = Φx0 +w ∈ R M , (1) known as “compressive imaging.” The “sparse” approach to this problem exploits sparsity in the coefficients v0 , Ψx0 ∈ R N of an orthonormal wavelet transform Ψ. The idea is to rewrite (1) as y = Av0 +w for A , ΦΨ , (2) recover an estimate v̂ of v0 from y, and then construct the image estimate as x̂ = Ψ v̂. Although many algorithms have been proposed for sparse recovery of v0, a notable one is the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm from [1]. It is computationally efficient (i.e., one multiplication by A and A per iteration and relatively few iterations) and its performance, when M and N are large and Φ is zero-mean i.i.d. Gaussian, is rigorously characterized by a scalar state evolution. A variant called “denoising-based AMP” (D-AMP) was recently proposed [2] for direct recovery of x0 from (1). It exploits the fact that, at iteration t, AMP constructs a pseudo-measurement of the form v0 + N (0, σ t I) with known σ t , which is amenable to any image denoising algorithm. By plugging in a state-of-the-art image denoiser like BM3D [3], D-AMP yields state-of-the-art compressive imaging. AMP and D-AMP, however, have a serious weakness: they diverge under small deviations from the zero-mean i.i.d. Gaussian assumption on Φ, such as non-zero mean or mild ill-conditioning. A robust alternative called “vector AMP” (VAMP) was recently proposed [4]. VAMP has similar complexity to AMP and a rigorous state evolution November 7, 2016 DRAFT