LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Video analysis of injuries and incidents in Norwegian professional football.

OBJECTIVES
This study describes the characteristics of injuries and high risk situations in the Norwegian professional football league during one competitive season using Football Incident Analysis (FIA), a video based method.


METHODS
Videotapes and injury information were collected prospectively for 174 of 182 (96%) regular league matches during the 2000 season. Incidents where the match was interrupted due to an assumed injury were analysed using FIA to examine the characteristics of the playing situation causing the incident. Club medical staff prospectively recorded all acute injuries on a specific injury questionnaire. Each incident identified on the videotapes was cross referenced with the injury report.


RESULTS
During the 174 matches, 425 incidents were recorded and 121 acute injuries were reported. Of these 121 injuries, 52 (43%) were identified on video including all head injuries, 58% of knee injuries, 56% of ankle injuries, and 29% of thigh injuries. Strikers were more susceptible to injury than other players and although most of the incidents and injuries resulted from duels, no single classic injury situation typical for football injuries or incidents could be recognised. However, in most cases the exposed player seemed to be unaware of the opponent challenging him for ball possession.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that in spite of a thorough video analysis less than half of the injuries are identified on video. It is difficult to identify typical patterns in the playing events leading to incidents and injuries, but players seemed to be unaware of the opponent challenging them for ball possession.
EBG Antennas: Their Design and Performance Analysis for Wireless Applications

Microstrip patch antennas became very popular in mobile and radio wireless communication, due to ease of their analysis, fabrication, and attractive radiation characteristics. The use of Microstrip antenna in wireless communication found advantageous compared to other types of antenna due to their low fabrication cost, small size, supporting character to linear as well as circular polarization, robustness when mounted on rigid surfaces. However, they have their own limitations due to low efficiency, narrow bandwidth, surface wave loss and low gain. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) materials, as superstrate is used to overcome the limitations of Microstrip patch antenna. The main aim of this paper is to implement EBG antenna and compare their characteristics at the frequency 2.4GHz using simulation. These designs are simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool. General Terms Antenna Theory, Performance and Design, Analysis, Characteristics, Communication, Wireless applications.
P , NP and Mathematics – a computational complexity perspective

The P versus NP question distinguished itself as the central question of Theoretical Computer Science nearly four decades ago. The quest to resolve it, and more generally, to understand the power and limits of efficient computation, has led to the development of Computational Complexity Theory. While this mathematical discipline in general, and the P vs. NP problem in particular, have gained prominence within the mathematics community in the past decade, it is still largely viewed as a problem of Computer Science. In this paper I’ll try to explain why this problem, and others in computational complexity, are not only mathematical problems but also problems about mathematics, faced by the working mathematician. I will describe the underlying concepts and problems, the attempts to understand and solve them, and some of the research directions this led us to. I will explain some of the important results, as well as the major goals and conjectures which still elude us. All this will hopefully give a taste of the motivations, richness and interconnectedness of our field. I will conclude with a few non computational problems, which capture P vs. NP and related computational complexity problems, hopefully inviting more mathematicians to attack them as well. I believe it important to give many examples, and to underlie the intuition (and sometimes, philosophy) behind definitions and results. This may slow the pace of this article for some, in the hope to make it clearer to others. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 68Q15; Secondary 68Q17.
ISLES 2015 - A public evaluation benchmark for ischemic stroke lesion segmentation from multispectral MRI

Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, and its diagnosis, treatment, and study relies on non-invasive imaging. Algorithms for stroke lesion segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes are intensely researched, but the reported results are largely incomparable due to different datasets and evaluation schemes. We approached this urgent problem of comparability with the Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) challenge organized in conjunction with the MICCAI 2015 conference. In this paper we propose a common evaluation framework, describe the publicly available datasets, and present the results of the two sub-challenges: Sub-Acute Stroke Lesion Segmentation (SISS) and Stroke Perfusion Estimation (SPES). A total of 16 research groups participated with a wide range of state-of-the-art automatic segmentation algorithms. A thorough analysis of the obtained data enables a critical evaluation of the current state-of-the-art, recommendations for further developments, and the identification of remaining challenges. The segmentation of acute perfusion lesions addressed in SPES was found to be feasible. However, algorithms applied to sub-acute lesion segmentation in SISS still lack accuracy. Overall, no algorithmic characteristic of any method was found to perform superior to the others. Instead, the characteristics of stroke lesion appearances, their evolution, and the observed challenges should be studied in detail. The annotated ISLES image datasets continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system to serve as an ongoing benchmarking resource (www.isles-challenge.org).
GPS determined eastward Sundaland motion with respect to Eurasia confirmed by earthquakes slip vectors at Sunda and Philippine trenches

GPS measurements acquired over Southeast Asia in 1994 and 1996 in the framework of the GEODYSSEA program revealed that a large piece of continental lithosphere comprising the Indochina Peninsula, Sunda shelf and part of Indonesia behaves as a rigid ‘Sundaland’ platelet. A direct adjustment of velocity vectors obtained in a Eurasian frame of reference shows that Sundaland block is rotating clockwise with respect to Eurasia around a pole of rotation located south of Australia. We present here an additional check of Sundaland motion that uses earthquakes slip vectors at Sunda and Philippine trenches. Seven sites of the GEODYSSEA network are close to the trenches and not separated from them by large active faults (two at Sumatra Trench, three at Java Trench and two at the Philippine Trench). The difference between the vector at the station and the adjacent subducting plate vector defines the relative subduction motion and should thus be aligned with the subduction earthquake slip vectors. We first derive a frame-free solution that minimizes the upper plate (or Sundaland) motion. When corrected for Australia–Eurasia and Philippines–Eurasia NUVEL1-A motion, the misfit between GPS and slip vectors azimuths is significant at 95% confidence, indicating that the upper plate does not belong to Eurasia. We then examine the range of solutions compatible with the slip vectors azimuths and conclude that the minimum velocity of Sundaland is a uniform 7–10 mm=a eastward velocity. However, introducing the additional constraint of the fit of the GEODYSSEA sites with the Australian IGS reference ones, or tie with the NTUS Singapore station, leads to a much narrower range of solutions. We conclude that Sundaland has an eastward velocity of about 10 mm=a on its southern boundary increasing to 16–18 mm=a on its northern boundary.  1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Datalog: Bag Semantics via Set Semantics

Duplicates in data management are common and problematic. In this work, we present a translation of Datalog under bag semantics into a well-behaved extension of Datalog, the so-called warded Datalog±, under set semantics. From a theoretical point of view, this allows us to reason on bag semantics by making use of the well-established theoretical foundations of set semantics. From a practical point of view, this allows us to handle the bag semantics of Datalog by powerful, existing query engines for the required extension of Datalog. This use of Datalog± is extended to give a set semantics to duplicates in Datalog± itself. We investigate the properties of the resulting Datalog± programs, the problem of deciding multiplicities, and expressibility of some bag operations. Moreover, the proposed translation has the potential for interesting applications such as to Multiset Relational Algebra and the semantic web query language SPARQL with bag semantics. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Information systems → Query languages; Theory of computation → Logic; Theory of computation → Semantics and reasoning
Implications of combat casualty care for mass casualty events.

Violence from explosives and firearms results in mass casualty events in which the injured have multiple penetrating and soft tissue injuries. Events such as those in Boston, Massachusetts; Newtown, Connecticut; and Aurora, Colorado, as well as those in other locations, such as Europe and the Middle East, demonstrate that civilian trauma may at times resemble that seen in a combat setting. As the civilian sector prepares for and responds to these casualty scenarios, research and trauma practices that have emerged from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq provide a valuable foundation for responding to civilian mass casualty events. Several lessons learned by the US military were implemented during the response to the bombings in Boston in April of this year. Military research has found that approximately 25% of persons who die as a result of explosive or gunshot wounds have potentially survivable wounds.1 These individuals have injuries that are not immediately or necessarily lethal and have a chance to survive if appropriate care is rendered in a timely fashion. The military has learned that implementation of evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines can reduce potentially preventable death.2 Certain aspects of these lessons also apply to multiple casualty scenarios in civilian settings. The care of wounded military service personnel is based on an integrated trauma system and involves timely point-of-injury intervention, coordinated patient transport, whole blood or blood componentbased resuscitation, and initial operating focused on control of hemorrhage and optimizing patient physiology. Referred to as damage control surgery, this approach involves abbreviated techniques instead of longer definitive operations. The principles of combat casualty care should be considered in 3 phases: point of injury, during transport to the hospital, and hospital-based treatment. The wars have highlighted the importance of a trauma system to coordinate these phases and improve survival. In implementing this strategy, the military developed the Joint Trauma System, which is designed to provide wounded troops an optimal chance for survival and recovery.
Liver conversion of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from their 18-carbon precursors in rats on a DHA-free but α-LNA-containing n-3 PUFA adequate diet.

The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), are critical for health. These PUFAs can be synthesized in liver from their plant-derived precursors, α-linolenic acid (α-LNA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6). Vegetarians and vegans may have suboptimal long-chain n-3 PUFA status, and the extent of the conversion of α-LNA to EPA and DHA by the liver is debatable. We quantified liver conversion of DHA and other n-3 PUFAs from α-LNA in rats fed a DHA-free but α-LNA (n-3 PUFA) adequate diet, and compared results to conversion of LA to AA. [U-(13)C]LA or [U-(13)C]α-LNA was infused intravenously for 2h at a constant rate into unanesthetized rats fed a DHA-free α-LNA adequate diet, and published equations were used to calculate kinetic parameters. The conversion coefficient k(⁎) of DHA from α-LNA was much higher than for AA from LA (97.2×10(-3) vs. 10.6×10(-3)min(-1)), suggesting that liver elongation-desaturation is more selective for n-3 PUFA biosynthesis on a per molecule basis. The net daily secretion rate of DHA, 20.3μmol/day, exceeded the reported brain DHA consumption rate by 50-fold, suggesting that the liver can maintain brain DHA metabolism with an adequate dietary supply solely of α-LNA. This infusion method could be used in vegetarians or vegans to determine minimal daily requirements of EPA and DHA in humans.
Suppressing the influence of additive noise on the Kalman gain for low residual noise speech enhancement

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the Kalman filter for the application of speech enhancement and identify its shortcomings when the linear predictor model parameters are estimated from speech that has been corrupted with additive noise. We show that when only noise-corrupted speech is available, the poor performance of the Kalman filter may be attributed to the presence of large values in the Kalman gain during low speech energy regions, which cause a large degree of residual noise to be present in the output. These large Kalman gain values result from poor estimates of the LPCs due to the presence of additive noise. This paper presents the analysis and application of the Kalman gain trajectory as a useful indicator of Kalman filter performance, which can be used to motivate further methods of improvement. As an example, we analyse the previously-reported application of long and overlapped tapered windows using Kalman gain trajectories to explain the reduction and smoothing of residual noise in the enhanced output. In addition, we investigate further extensions, such as Dolph–Chebychev windowing and iterative LPC estimation. This modified Kalman filter was found to have improved on the conventional and iterative versions of the Kalman filter in both objective and subjective testing. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
On gastrointestinal nematodes of Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa)

The species composition of nematodes found at autopsy of abomasa and small intestines of 24 Mongolian gazelles in Eastern Mongolia is studied. Orloffia bisonis, Marshallagia mongolica, Nematodirus archari, N. andreevi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. probolurus were registered. N. archari and N. andreevi were detected in Mongolian gazelle for the first time. All species of gastrointestinal nematodes found in Mongolian gazelles have already been registered in domestic ruminants of Mongolia. The validity of Orloffia genus is confirmed based on our own observations and literature data. Orloffia is monotypic genus with the only species O. bisonis represented by two morphs where “O. bisonis” is major and “O. kasakhstanica” is minor.
Effectiveness of Couple-Based HIV Counseling and Testing for Women Substance Users and Their Primary Male Partners: A Randomized Trial

A randomized trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of couple-based HIV counseling and testing (CB-HIV-CT) and women-only relationship-focused HIV counseling and testing (WRF-HIV-CT) in reducing HIV risk compared to the National Institute on Drug Abuse HIV-CT standard intervention. Substance using HIV-negative women and their primary heterosexual partner (N = 330 couples) were randomized to 1 of the 3 interventions. Follow-up assessments measuring HIV risk behaviors and other relevant variables were conducted at 3- and 9-months postintervention. Repeated measures generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to assess treatment effects. A significant reduction in HIV risk was observed over the 9-month assessment in the CB-HIV-CT group compared to that of the control group (b = -0.51, t[527] = -3.20, P = 0.002) and compared to that of the WRF-HIV-CT group (b = -0.34, t[527] = -2.07, P = 0.04), but no significant difference was observed between WRF-HIV-CT and controls (b = -0.17, t[527] = -1.09, P = 0.28). A brief couple-based HIV counseling and testing intervention designed to address both drug-related and sexual risk behaviors among substance using women and their primary male partners was shown to be more effective at reducing overall HIV risk compared to a standard HIV-CT intervention in an urban setting.
DesignCon 2005 Decoupling Capacitance Platform for Substrates , Sockets , and Interposers

As computer system signal speeds continue to rise, the increasing burden on power delivery networks has prompted power integrity to assume a leading focus, along with signal integrity, in system design. Our solution to power integrity is a novel structural integration of decoupling capacitance between the core power nets and ground to enhance core power delivery. This decoupling capacitance replaces the numerous capacitors suboptimally placed on traditional printed circuit boards (PCBs). Lowered power supply noise and increased core power stability result, permitting greater semiconductor switching frequency while reducing overall system cost. Studying actual system applications, we compare this technology to a wide range of expensive and largely ineffective decoupling strategies that have been deployed and continue to be proposed, and demonstrate its superiority in both cost and performance.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini seed

The Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is a popular traditional medicinal plant in India. This study was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of S. cumini seed in carrageenan induced paw oedema in wistar rats at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg administrated orally. Both the extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, which supports the traditional medicinal utilization of the plant. This study established anti-inflammatory activity of the seed of S. cumini.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of 0.5 mg and 1 mg Alosetron in Women With Severe Diarrhea-predominant IBS

OBJECTIVE:Alosetron is indicated for women with chronic, severe diarrhea-predominant IBS (d-IBS) who have not responded adequately to conventional therapy. Constipation is the most common adverse event with alosetron treatment. Multiple dosing regimens were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (S3B30040) to determine efficacy, tolerability, and evaluate constipation rate.METHODS:705 women with severe d-IBS were randomized to placebo, alosetron 0.5 mg once daily, 1 mg once daily, or 1 mg twice daily for 12 wk. The primary end point was the proportion of week 12 responders (patients with moderate or substantial improvement in IBS symptoms) on the 7-point Likert Global Improvement Scale (GIS). Secondary end points were average rate of adequate relief of IBS pain and discomfort, and bowel symptom improvements.RESULTS:The proportion of GIS responders at week 12 (primary time point) was significantly greater in all alosetron groups compared with placebo (54/176 [30.7%], 90/177 [50.8%], 84/175 [48%], and 76/177 [42.9%] for placebo, 0.5, 1 mg once daily, and 1 mg twice daily alosetron groups, respectively; P ≤ 0.02). Results were similar for the average adequate relief rate (treatment effects ≥12%, P ≤ 0.038). Bowel symptoms were improved in all alosetron groups. Constipation was the most common adverse event (9%, 16%, and 19% patients in the 0.5 mg, 1 mg once daily, and 1 mg twice daily groups, respectively). One event of intestinal obstruction and one of ischemic colitis occurred in the 0.5 mg group, and one event of fecal impaction occurred in the 1 mg twice-daily group. All were self-limited and resolved without sequelae.CONCLUSION:Alosetron 0.5 mg and 1 mg once daily as well as 1 mg twice daily are effective in providing global improvement in IBS symptoms, adequate relief of IBS pain and discomfort, and improvement in bowel symptoms in women with severe d-IBS. Lower dosing regimens resulted in a decreased constipation rate.
The Semantics of the C Programming Language

We present formal operational semantics for the C programming language. Our starting point is the ANSI standard for C as described in [KR]. Knowledge of C is not necessary (though it may be helpful) for comprehension, since we explain all relevant aspects of C as we proceed. Our operational semantics is based on evolving algebras. An exposition on evolving algebras can be found in the tutorial [Gu]. In order to make this paper self-contained, we recall the notion of a (sequential) evolving algebra in Sect. 0.1. Our primary concern here is with semantics, not syntax. Consequently, we assume that all syntactic information regarding a given program is available to us at the beginning of the computation (via static functions). We intended to cover all constructs of the C programming language, but not the C standard library functions (e.g. fprintf(), fscanf()). It is not di cult to extend our description of C to include any desired library function or functions. Evolving algebra semantic speci cations may be provided on several abstraction levels for the same language. Having several such algebras is useful, for one can examine the semantics of a particular feature of a programming language at the desired level of abstraction, with unnecessary details omitted. It also makes comprehension easier. We present a series of four evolving algebras, each a re nement of the previous one. The nal algebra describes the C programming language in full detail. Our four algebras focus on the following topics respectively:
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping ( SLAM ) Part 2 : State of the Art

This tutorial provides an introduction to the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) method and the extensive research on SLAM that has been undertaken. Part I of this tutorial described the essential SLAM problem. Part II of this tutorial (this paper) is concerned with recent advances in computational methods and in new formulations of the SLAM problem for large scale and complex