LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Between immorality and unfeasibility: The market socialist predicament

Abstract The recent proliferation of economically informed writings favoring market socialism exhibits dissonances in this evolving theoretical orientation. The ethical presuppositions of classical socialism have often been inherited by those who now embrace markets under socialism. But precisely because it accepts markets, market socialism may prove incompatible with these sentiments.
Energy Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile node should be fully connected with the other nodes to communicate to each others in wireless networks. Data can be propagated to the destination with various delivery methods: one-hop model, multi-hop planer model and cluster-based hierarchical model. One-hop model is the simplest delivery method and makes the link by directly communicating any two nodes. Multi-hop model with store-and-forward method delivers data by forwarding to one of its adjacent nodes that are closer to the destination. In cluster model, mobile nodes have been grouped into a cluster. It has benefits of delivery latency and route management. In this paper, we propose energy-aware routing protocol to reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using the combination of tree-based minimum transmission energy routing and cluster-based hierarchical routing. In our technique, the highest energy node within h hops becomes a cluster-head. Therefore the size of every cluster is less than and/or equal to h hops. Every node can have different energy level the same as real environment and transmits its data to its cluster-head with short distance tree algorithm. Clusterhead sends data to the other cluster-head or the sink with treebased minimum transmission energy algorithm due to the limit of nodes’ transmission range. We perform simulations to compare its performance with that of conventional routing protocol such as direct and minimum transmission energy, and various energy levels. From simulation results, we confirm that the proposed routing strategy offers better performance.
Minimizing polymorphic metabolism in drug discovery: evaluation of the utility of in vitro methods for predicting pharmacokinetic consequences associated with CYP2D6 metabolism.

Minimizing interindividual variability in drug exposure is an important goal for drug discovery. The reliability of the selective CYP2D6 inhibitor quinidine was evaluated in a retrospective analysis using a standardized approach that avoids laboratory-to-laboratory variation. The goal was to evaluate the reliability of in vitro metabolism studies for predicting extensive metabolizer (EM)/poor metabolizer (PM) exposure differences. Using available literature, 18 CYP2D6 substrates were selected for further analysis. In vitro microsomal studies were conducted at 1 microM substrate and 0.5 microM P450 to monitor substrate depletion. An estimate of the fraction metabolized by CYP2D6 in microsomes was derived from the rate constant determined with and without 1 microM quinidine for 11 substrates. Clearance in EM and PM subjects and fractional recovery of metabolites were taken from the literature. A nonlinear relationship between the contribution of CYP2D6 and decreased oral clearance for PMs relative to EMs was evident. For drugs having <60% CYP2D6 involvement in vivo, a modest difference between EM and PM exposure was observed (<2.5-fold). For major CYP2D6 substrates (>60%), more dramatic exposure differences were observed (3.5- to 53-fold). For compounds primarily eliminated by hepatic P450 and with sufficient turnover to be evaluated in vitro, the fraction metabolized by CYP2D6 in vitro compared favorably with the in vivo data. The in vitro estimation of fraction metabolized using quinidine as a specific inhibitor provided an excellent predictive tool. Results from microsomal substrate depletion experiments can be used with confidence to select compounds in drug discovery using a cutoff of >60% metabolism by CYP2D6.
The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids.

Members of the sialic acid family of compounds occur in a variety of tissues and body fluids (la, 2) and in bacteria (3), incorporated in conjugated protein. The naturally occurring sinlic acids are substituted neuraminic acid derivatives (Nacetyl, N-glycolyl, N, 0-diacetylneuraminic acid). These are collectively termed “sialic acids.” The unsubstituted 9 carbon chain is called neuraminic acid (4) (Scheme 1).
Influence of beverage composition on the results of erosive potential measurement by different measurement techniques.

The influence of beverage composition on the measurement of erosive potential is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether beverage composition influences the measurement of erosive potential and to evaluate the influence of exposure in small and large volumes. Eleven beverages were included: water (control), 3 alcopops, 2 beers and 5 soft drinks. For each beverage 15 bovine enamel samples were used: 5 for chemical and 10 for profilometric analysis. After exposure to the beverages (63 min) the resulting solutions were analyzed for Ca and inorganic phosphorus (P(i)) content. The samples for optical profilometry were submersed sequentially in 500 ml or in 1 ml of the drinks for 3, 6, 9, 15 and 30 min (total 63 min). For some of the beverages high baseline concentrations of Ca (energy drink) or P(i) (cola drink, cola lemon drink, beer, beer lemon) were found. Some of the beverages showed a good correlation between the chemical methods. Profilometry (both for 1 and 500 ml) showed generally lower enamel losses than the chemical methods. Lower enamel losses were found for the profilometry 1 ml compared to the profilometry 500 ml only for the cola drinks. It can be concluded that the composition of the beverages had a significant effect on the determination of the erosive potential with chemical analyses. Drink composition also influenced the effect of small versus large exposure volumes, indicating the need for standardization of exposure parameters.
Combined effects of a valgus knee brace and lateral wedge foot orthotic on the external knee adduction moment in patients with varus gonarthrosis.

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that a custom-fit valgus knee brace and custom-made lateral wedge foot orthotic will have greatest effects on decreasing the external knee adduction moment during gait when used concurrently.


DESIGN
Proof-of-concept, single test session, crossover trial.


SETTING
Biomechanics laboratory within a tertiary care center.


PARTICIPANTS
Patients (n=16) with varus alignment and knee osteoarthritis (OA) primarily affecting the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint (varus gonarthrosis).


INTERVENTIONS
Custom-fit valgus knee brace and custom-made full-length lateral wedge foot orthotic. Amounts of valgus angulation and wedge height were tailored to each patient to ensure comfort.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The external knee adduction moment (% body weight [BW]*height [Ht]), frontal plane lever arm (cm), and ground reaction force (N/kg), determined from 3-dimensional gait analysis completed under 4 randomized conditions: (1) control (no knee brace, no foot orthotic), (2) knee brace, (3) foot orthotic, and (4) knee brace and foot orthotic.


RESULTS
The reduction in knee adduction moment was greatest when concurrently using the knee brace and foot orthotic (effect sizes ranged from 0.3 to 0.4). The mean decrease in first peak knee adduction moment compared with control was .36% BW*Ht (95% confidence interval [CI], -.66 to -.07). This was accompanied by a mean decrease in frontal plane lever arm of .59cm (95% CI, -.94 to -.25).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that using a custom-fit knee brace and custom-made foot orthotic concurrently can produce a greater overall reduction in the knee adduction moment, through combined effects in decreasing the frontal plane lever arm.
Baryogenesis in brief

In this talk I briefly review the main ideas and challenges involved in the computation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. (Invited talk given at ``The Birth of the Universe and Fundamental Physics'', Rome, May 18--21, 1994.)
Design and Implementation of a Real Time Video Surveillance System with Wireless Sensor Networks

One important goal of surveillance systems is to collect information about the behavior and position of interested targets in the sensing environment. These systems can be applied to many applications, such as fire emergency, surveillance system, and smart home. Recently, surveillance systems combining wireless sensor networks with video cameras have become more and more popular. In traditional video surveillance systems, the system performance and cost is proportional to the number of deployed video camera. In this paper, we propose a real time video surveillance system consisting of many low cost sensors and a few wireless video cameras. The system allows a group of cooperating sensor devices to detect and track mobile objects and to report their positions to the sink node in the wireless sensor network. Then, the sink node uses the IP cameras deployed in the sensing area to record these events and display the present situations. We also propose a camera control scheme to initialize the coverage distribution of cameras and support the inter-task handoff operations between cameras. We have implemented the proposed system with 16 sensor nodes and two IP cameras, and evaluated the system performance. The result shows that our surveillance system is adaptable to variant environments and provides real time information of the monitored environment.
Stinging nettle cream for osteoarthritis.

Stinging Nettle Cream for Osteoarthritis Keith Rayburn, MD, is a physician in the Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California. Eric Fleischbein, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Jessica Song, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and an instructor at the University of the Pacifi c Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Stockton, California. Blaine Allen, RN, is a nurse in the Department of Nursing, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Mary Kundert, PharmD, and Charles Leiter, PharmD, are pharmacists at Leiter’s Pharmacy, San Jose. Thomas Bush, MD, is a physician in the Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. (Altern Ther Health Med. 2009;15(4):60-61.)
Compressive response and failure of fiber reinforced unidirectional composites

The compressive response of polymer matrix fiber reinforced unidirectional composites (PMC’s) is investigated via a combination of experiment and analysis. The study accounts for the nonlinear constitutive response of the polymer matrix material and examines the effect of fiber geometric imperfections, fiber mechanical properties and fiber volume fraction on the measured compressive strength and compressive failure mechanism. Glass and carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional composite specimens are manufactured in-house with fiber volume fractions ranging over 10∼ 60 percent. Compression test results with these specimens show that carbon fiber composites have lower compressive strengths than glass fiber composites. Glass fiber composites demonstrate a splitting failure mode for a range of low fiber volume fractions and a simultaneous splitting/kink banding failure mode for high fiber volume fractions. Carbon fiber composites show kink banding throughout the range of fiber volume fractions examined. Nonlinear material properties of the matrix, orthotropic material properties of the carbon fiber, initial geometric fiber imperfections and nonuniform fiber volume fraction are all included in an appropriate finite element analysis to explain some of the observed experimental results. A new analytical model prediction of the splitting failure mode shows that this failure mode is favorable for glass fiber composites, which is in agreement with test results. Furthermore, this model is able to show the influence of fiber mechanical properties, fiber volume fraction and fiber geometry on the splitting failure mode.
Corporate social responsibility organizational identification and motivation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement on employee motivation, job satisfaction and organizational identification as well as employee citizenship in voluntary community activities. Design/methodology/approach – Employees (n 1⁄4 224) of a major airline carrier participated in the study based on a 54-item questionnaire, containing four different sets of items related to volunteering, motivation, job satisfaction and organizational identification. The employee sample consisted of two sub-samples drawn randomly from the company pool of employees, differentiating between active participants in the company’s CSR programs (APs) and non participants (NAPs). Findings – Significant differences were found between APs and NAPs on organizational identification and motivation, but not for job satisfaction. In addition, positive significant correlations between organizational identification, volunteering, job satisfaction, and motivation were obtained. These results are interpreted within the broader context that ties social identity theory (SIT) and organizational identification increase. Practical implications – The paper contributes to the understanding of the interrelations between CSR and other organizational behavior constructs. Practitioners can learn from this study how to increase job satisfaction and organizational identification. Both are extremely important for an organization’s sustainability. Originality/value – This is a first attempt to investigate the relationship between CSR, organizational identification and motivation, comparing two groups from the same organization. The paper discusses the questions: ‘‘Are there potential gains at the intra-organizational level in terms of enhanced motivation and organizational attitudes on the part of employees?’’ and ‘‘Does volunteering or active participation in CSR yield greater benefits for involved employees in terms of their motivation, job satisfaction and identification?’’.
Genomic association analysis identifies multiple loci influencing antihypertensive response to an angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Genomic Association Analysis Identifies Multiple Loci Influencing Antihypertensive Response to an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker To the Editor: The interesting article by Turner et al concerns the pharmacogenomics of the angiotensin receptor blocker Candesartan and the validation of the associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms by their opposite direction associations with blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide. We are also performing a pharmacogenomic study of the angiotensin receptor blocker Losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in a slightly larger sample of white-only, essential hypertensives, carefully recruited and followed up by the Italian Network for Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension over several years. All patients have been genotyped within the HYPERGENES project. The major differences between our and Turner’s study are as follows: (1) the genotyping array: missing genotypes were obtained by imputing (imputation quality ≥87%); (2) we used Losartan 50 mg instead of Candesartan 16 to 32 mg, hydrochlorothiazide dose being the same (results in the Table). The major limitation of both studies is the small sample size, leading to low statistical power. Also, if the bulk of our data are still under analysis, we have not been able to reproduce Turner’s specific findings. The present negative report is not at all against the importance of pharmacogenomics. It only poses a warning on the technical and methodological issues and indicates the absolute need of large consortia that share results to produce solid results.
Do managers experience more stress than employees? Results from the Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW) study among Danish managers and their employees.

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether managers' perceived stress and work strain is higher than perceived stress and work strain among employees.


METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS
The study is based on questionnaire responses from 2052 respondents (128 managers and 1924 employees) at 48 worksites. Bi-variate and multivariate analyses were used to explain possible differences in stress levels and related mediators.


RESULTS
Managers experienced higher demands, higher level of conflicts, and lower degree of social support from peers. They tended to experience significantly lower emotional stress, whereas this trend was insignificant with regards to behavioural, somatic and cognitive stress. The difference was partly explained by higher scores in the psychosocial work environment factors; job satisfaction, perceived management quality from their managers, influence, degrees of freedom at work, possibilities for development and meaning of work. For behavioural stress, 41% of the difference was explained by the preventive factors, 20% for somatic stress, 39% for emotional stress and 56% for cognitive stress.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that the preventive psychosocial factors explain parts of the managers' lower stress level. These results contradict the lay perception of managers being under higher pressure and experiencing more stress than employees. Interventions aiming at reducing employee stress levels, especially regarding behavioural and cognitive stress, could benefit from focussing on psychosocial work environment exposures such as skill discretion, meaning of work, psychological demands, information flow and management quality.
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine efficacy against disease related to vaccine and non-vaccine HPV types in males.

A small number of HPV types are related to a majority of HPV-related neoplastic lesions in humans. High-risk types such as HPV 16 and 18 are most often implicated, although other oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types can cause disease in men. The efficacy of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) against external genital lesions and intra-anal disease related to HPV in men has been demonstrated. This report examines the vaccine's efficacy against disease due to 10 additional non-vaccine HPV types, as well as efficacy regardless of HPV detection. The data presented suggest that vaccinating males against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 protects them against most vaccine HPV-type related anogenital disease. However, significant efficacy against disease due to non-vaccine HPV types was not seen. In addition, the data do not provide any evidence that vaccination with qHPV vaccine will increase the likelihood of disease caused by non-vaccine types in the short term.
Influence Sets Based on Reverse Nearest Neighbor Queries

Inherent in the operation of many decision support and continuous referral systems is the notion of the “influence” of a data point on the database. This notion arises in examples such as finding the set of customers affected by the opening of a new store outlet location, notifying the subset of subscribers to a digital library who will find a newly added document most relevant, etc. Standard approaches to determining the influence set of a data point involve range searching and nearest neighbor queries.
In this paper, we formalize a novel notion of influence based on reverse neighbor queries and its variants. Since the nearest neighbor relation is not symmetric, the set of points that are closest to a query point (i.e., the nearest neighbors) differs from the set of points that have the query point as their nearest neighbor (called the reverse nearest neighbors). Influence sets based on reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) queries seem to capture the intuitive notion of influence from our motivating examples.
We present a general approach for solving RNN queries and an efficient R-tree based method for large data sets, based on this approach. Although the RNN query appears to be natural, it has not been studied previously. RNN queries are of independent interest, and as such should be part of the suite of available queries for processing spatial and multimedia data. In our experiments with real geographical data, the proposed method appears to scale logarithmically, whereas straightforward sequential scan scales linearly. Our experimental study also shows that approaches based on range searching or nearest neighbors are ineffective at finding influence sets of our interest.
Bar Code Medication Administration Technology: Characterization of High-Alert Medication Triggers and Clinician Workarounds.

BACKGROUND
Bar code medication administration (BCMA) technology is gaining acceptance for its ability to prevent medication administration errors. However, studies suggest that improper use of BCMA technology can yield unsatisfactory error prevention and introduction of new potential medication errors.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of high-alert medication BCMA triggers and alert types and discuss the type of nursing and pharmacy workarounds occurring with the use of BCMA technology and the electronic medication administration record (eMAR).


METHODS
Medication scanning and override reports from January 1, 2008, through November 30, 2008, for all adult medical/surgical units were retrospectively evaluated for high-alert medication system triggers, alert types, and override reason documentation. An observational study of nursing workarounds on an adult medicine step-down unit was performed and an analysis of potential pharmacy workarounds affecting BCMA and the eMAR was also conducted.


RESULTS
Seventeen percent of scanned medications triggered an error alert of which 55% were for high-alert medications. Insulin aspart, NPH insulin, hydromorphone, potassium chloride, and morphine were the top 5 high-alert medications that generated alert messages. Clinician override reasons for alerts were documented in only 23% of administrations. Observational studies assessing for nursing workarounds revealed a median of 3 clinician workarounds per administration. Specific nursing workarounds included a failure to scan medications/patient armband and scanning the bar code once the dosage has been removed from the unit-dose packaging. Analysis of pharmacy order entry process workarounds revealed the potential for missed doses, duplicate doses, and doses being scheduled at the wrong time.


CONCLUSIONS
BCMA has the potential to prevent high-alert medication errors by alerting clinicians through alert messages. Nursing and pharmacy workarounds can limit the recognition of optimal safety outcomes and therefore workflow processes must be continually analyzed and restructured to yield the intended full benefits of BCMA technology.