LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Model of Factors Influencing Electronic Commerce Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Brunei Darussalam

This study aims to develop a model of factors motivating and inhibiting electronic commerce adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Brunei Darussalam. Recent statistics show that total number of businesses employing web sites in Brunei Darussalam is very small compared to those in Singapore and Malaysia. Organizations are coming under increasing pressure to adopt electronic commerce as part of the need to be efficient and competitive and to play a greater role in driving the economy. With the new century, the continued prosperity of Brunei Darussalam can no longer be taken for granted. Qualitative research method, in the form of semi-structured interviews, was used to identify factors that are important and relevant to encourage willingness to adopt. Findings indicate that owner characteristics like lack of perceived benefits, lack of knowledge and skill, perceived lack of trust are significant inhibitors while environment characteristics like competitive pressure, government support and infrastructure are significant motivators of electronic commerce in Brunei Darussalam. The model forms a basis for further research as further quantitative study, in the form of survey, can be carried out to assess the model’s validity and provide further insights into the relationships among the factors. Keyword: Electronic Commerce, Diffusion of Innovation, Adoption, Small and Medium Enterprises
The Formulation of Parameters for Type Design of Indian Script Based on Calligraphic Studies

A number of parameters were formulated for better analysing the anatomy of Indic letterforms. This methodology contributes to the understanding of the intricacies of type design of complex Indian scripts.
Comorbidity bipolar disorder and personality disorders.

BACKGROUND
Outcome in bipolar patients can be affected by comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders. Comorbid personality disorders are frequent and may complicate the course of bipolar illness. We have much information about treating patients with uncomplicated bipolar disorder (BD) but much less knowledge about possibilities for patients with the comorbidity of BD and personality disorder.


METHOD
We conducted a series of literature searches using, as key words or as items in indexed fields, bipolar disorder and personality disorder or personality traits. Articles were obtained by searching MEDLINE from 1970 to 2012. In addition, we used other papers cited in articles from these searches, or cited in articles used in our own work.


RESULTS
Tests of personality traits indicated that euthymic bipolar patients have higher scores on harm avoidance, reward dependence, and novelty seeking than controls. Elevation of novelty seeking in bipolar patients is associated with substance abuse comorbidity.


CONCLUSION
Comorbidity with personality disorders in BD patients is associated with a more difficult course of illness (such as longer episodes, shorter time euthymic, and earlier age at onset) and an increase in comorbid substance abuse, suicidality and aggression. These problems are particularly pronounced in comorbidity with borderline personality disorder. Comorbidity with antisocial personality disorder elicits a similar spectrum of difficulties; some of the antisocial behavior exhibited by patients with this comorbidity is mediated by increased impulsivity.
PAPR reduction using combination of precoding with Mu-Law companding technique for MIMO-OFDM systems

Key challenges for future wireless communications (4G) are bandwidth efficient system which provides high data rate with lower bit error rate and it also eliminate the multipath fading. MIMO-OFDM technology is the promising technique to provide high data rate with lower bit error rate and also improves the channel capacity under multipath fading environment. But the main drawback of OFDM system is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), whenever all the orthogonal signals are added at a maximum point the resultant peak power will be increased. Several techniques are proposed to reduce PAPR viz. Coding, Interleaving, selected level mapping, partial transmit sequence, tone reservation. In this paper Unitary matrix precoding with companding technique is proposed to reduce PAPR. Simulations are performed by using MATLAB tool; results are analyzed for different systems (uncoded, precoding, companding and precoding with companding). Results demonstrate that unitary matrix precoding with companding technique is an efficient technique to reduce PAPR by maintaining optimum BER.
Two-dimensional Signal Processing in FMCW Radars

Theuseof anFMCW radarfor rangeandvelocity measurement is outlinedin thepaper . An FMCW radaremits a continuouswave, frequency modulatedby a sawtooth function. Objectrangeinformationis deducedfrom the frequency of homodyne-demodu latedreturnsignal.Objectvelocity canbefoundfrom thechangeof returnsignal phasebetweenthemodulationsweeps.Thus,themeasurement methodinvolvesfinding,usingFFT, themaximum of the two-dimensionalspectrumof an one-dimensional signal. In the presentedpaper , the useof advancedalgebraicmethodsis proposedin orderto determinethe velocity unambiguouslyin a wide range.An outline of a digital two-dimensional spectrumanalyzerimplementedwith moderndigital signalprocessorsis alsopresented.
Usefulness of breast-specific gamma imaging as an adjunct modality in breast cancer patients with dense breast: a comparative study with MRI.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive benefits of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer patients with dense breasts.


METHODS
This study included a total of 66 patients (44.1 ± 8.2 years) with dense breasts (breast density >50%) and already biopsy-confirmed breast cancer. All of the patients underwent BSGI and MRI as part of an adjunct modality before the initial therapy. Of 66 patients, the 97 undetermined breast lesions were newly detected and correlated with the biopsy results.


RESULTS
Twenty-six of the 97 breast lesions proved to be malignant tumors (invasive ductal cancer, n = 16; ductal carcinoma in situ, n = 6; mixed or other malignancies, n = 4); the remaining 71 lesions were diagnosed as benign tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of BSGI were 88.8% (confidence interval (CI), 69.8-97.6%) and 90.1% (CI, 80.7-95.9%), respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 92.3% (CI, 74.9-99.1%) and 39.4% (CI, 28.0-51.7%), respectively (p < 0.0001). MRI detected 43 false-positive breast lesions, 37 (86.0%) of which were correctly diagnosed as benign lesions using BSGI. In 12 malignant lesions <1 cm, the sensitivities of BSGI and MR imaging were 83.3% (CI, 51.6-97.9%) and 91.7% (CI, 61.5-99.8%), respectively.


CONCLUSION
BSGI showed an equivocal sensitivity and a high specificity compared to MRI in the diagnosis of breast lesions. In addition, BSGI had a good sensitivity in discriminating breast cancers ≤1 cm. The results of this study suggest that BSGI could play a crucial role as an adjunctive imaging modality which can be used to evaluate breast cancer patients with dense breasts.
A high-speed, hierarchical 16×16 array of array multiplier design

Array multipliers are preferred for smaller operand sizes due to their simpler VLSI implementation, in-spite of their linear time complexity. The tree multipliers have time complexity of O (log n) but are less suitable for VLSI implementation since, being less regular, they require larger total routing length, which may degrade their performance. Some hybrid architectures called ‘array of array’ multipliers have intermediate performance. These multipliers have a time complexity better than array multipliers, and therefore becomes an obvious choice for higher performance multiplier designs of moderate operand sizes. In this paper a 16×16 unsigned ‘array of array’ multiplier circuit is designed with hierarchical structure and implemented using conventional CMOS logic in 0.6µm, N-well CMOS process (SCN_SUBM, lambda=0.3) of MOSIS. The proposed multiplier implementation shows large reduction in propagation delay and the average power consumption (at 20MHz) as compared to 16-bit Booth encoded Wallace tree multiplier by F Jalil [3]. The total transistor count, maximum instantaneous power, leakage power, core area, total routing length and number of vias are also presented.
Second-generation platelet concentrate (PRF) as a pulpotomy medicament in a permanent molar with pulpitis: a case report.

AIM
  To discuss the clinical and radiographic success of a pulpotomy with second-generation platelet concentrate (PRF), in a human mature permanent molar tooth.


SUMMARY
  A 19-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with established pulpitis in tooth 36. The tooth had a carious pulp exposure, with a history of lingering pain. After isolation, caries removal and pulp exposure, pulpotomy with PRF was performed and a permanent restoration was placed immediately. At the first recall (+1 day), no postoperative pain was reported. At 6, 12, 18 and 22 months recall, the tooth responded positively to pulp sensibility tests, and radiographic examination revealed a normal periodontal ligament space. Positive results of this case imply the need for more studies with larger sample sizes and a longer recall period to justify the use of this novel material for the treatment of pulpitis in human permanent molar teeth.


KEY LEARNING POINTS
Pulpotomy with PRF could be an alternate treatment to mineral trioxide aggregate or other materials in mature permanent teeth with pulpitis.
A Journey through Time and Place in Debajehmujig's The Global Savages: A Slideshow

This slideshow features images from Debahjehmujig – Storytellers’ (Debaj) ongoing performance project The Global Savages, which comprises storytelling, intercultural exchange and community dialogue. Commentary on the photos by Barry Freeman and Debaj’s Artistic Producer and photographer Ron Berti.
What Accession Countries Need to Know about the ECB: A Comparative Analysis of the Independence of the ECB, the Bundesbank and the Reichsbank

NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Finance Review. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published, with the copyright by Elsevier, as:
Barzilai-Borwein Step Size for Stochastic Gradient Descent

One of the major issues in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods is how to choose an appropriate step size while running the algorithm. Since the traditional line search technique does not apply for stochastic optimization algorithms, the common practice in SGD is either to use a diminishing step size, or to tune a fixed step size by hand, which can be time consuming in practice. In this paper, we propose to use the Barzilai-Borwein (BB) method to automatically compute step sizes for SGD and its variant: stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) method, which leads to two algorithms: SGD-BB and SVRGBB. We prove that SVRG-BB converges linearly for strongly convex objective functions. As a by-product, we prove the linear convergence result of SVRG with Option I proposed in [10], whose convergence result is missing in the literature. Numerical experiments on standard data sets show that the performance of SGD-BB and SVRG-BB is comparable to and sometimes even better than SGD and SVRG with best-tuned step sizes, and is superior to some advanced SGD variants.
Need for Prophylactic Application of Verapamil in Transradial Coronary Procedures: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND
Verapamil is traditionally applied prophylactically in transradial procedures to prevent radial artery spasm. However, verapamil may have side effects and is contraindicated in some clinical settings.


METHODS AND RESULTS
During an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind trial, we evaluated the need for preventive verapamil administration. After vascular access was established, patients received either 5 mg verapamil (n=297) or placebo (n=294). We compared the rate of access site conversions as primary end point using a superiority margin of 5%. Occurrence of code breaks (composite of conversions and unplanned use of verapamil), overall verapamil use, procedural and fluoroscopic times, contrast volume, and subjective pain were investigated as secondary end points. The rate of access site conversions was not different in the 2 arms (placebo 1.7% versus verapamil 0.7%, P=0.28, difference 1.0%, 95% CI for the difference -1.1% to 3.3%). Proportion of code breaks was similar in the 2 groups (3.4% versus 1.3%, P=0.11), whereas overall verapamil use was markedly lower in the placebo arm (2.0% versus 100%, P<0.0001). Procedural time (median [IQR] 16.0 minutes [9.0 to 30.0 minutes] versus 17.0 minutes [10.0 to 31.0 minutes], P=0.37), fluoroscopic time (4.4 minutes [2.1 to 9.6 minutes] versus 4.8 minutes [2.4 to 10.7 minutes], P=0.28), contrast volume (72.5 mL [48.0 to 146.0 mL] versus 75.5 mL [47.0 to 156.5 mL], P=0.74), and pain score (P for trend=0.12) were comparable in the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The preventive use of verapamil may be unnecessary for transradial procedures. The omission of prophylactic verapamil may not only reduce the rate of potential complications related to the drug but also allow the safe extension of the transradial method to those with contraindications to verapamil.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01402427.
The role of AIRE in human autoimmune disease

The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the presentation of tissue-restricted antigens during T-cell development in the thymus. Mutations of this gene lead to type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1), also termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome, which is characterized by the clinical presentation of at least two of a triad of underlying disorders: Addison disease, hypoparathyroidism and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. This Review describes the process of positive and negative selection of developing T cells in the thymus and the role of AIRE as a regulator of peripheral antigen presentation. Furthermore, it addresses how mutations of this gene lead to the failure to eliminate autoreactive T cells, which can lead to clinical autoimmune syndromes.
One-Shot Relational Learning for Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are the key components of various natural language processing applications. To further expand KGs’ coverage, previous studies on knowledge graph completion usually require a large number of training instances for each relation. However, we observe that long-tail relations are actually more common in KGs and those newly added relations often do not have many known triples for training. In this work, we aim at predicting new facts under a challenging setting where only one training instance is available. We propose a one-shot relational learning framework, which utilizes the knowledge extracted by embedding models and learns a matching metric by considering both the learned embeddings and one-hop graph structures. Empirically, our model yields considerable performance improvements over existing embedding models, and also eliminates the need of retraining the embedding models when dealing with newly added relations.1
18F-FDG positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of enterocolitis: preliminary results

Collagenous and eosinophilic colitis are rare diseases characterised by chronic watery diarrhoea. Radiographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and colonoscopy are usually non-diagnostic since as many as one-third of patients will have minor abnormalities. To date a few investigators have reported increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with acute enterocolitis, but there have been no reports on the use of 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of collagenous or eosinophilic colitis in an early clinical stage. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET in the early diagnosis of patients with colitis. We investigated five women (mean age 61.2±12.1 years) who had been diagnosed as having colitis in an early clinical stage. In all but one of the patients, the diagnosis of colitis was based on biopsy. Magnetic resonance colonography, ultrasonography and colonoscopy were performed in all but one of the patients. Two women were identified as having collagenous colitis in an early clinical stage. Another two patients had eosinophilic colitis. The morphological imaging methods, magnetic resonance colonography and ultrasonography, yielded no suspicious findings, and the results of colonoscopy similarly showed no abnormalities. One patient had colitis due to bacterial infection. In all patients 18F-FDG PET showed a pathological increase in tracer uptake in the large bowel, suggestive of colitis. In four of the five patients, colitis was confirmed by histology, and in one, by bacterial analysis. 18F-FDG PET was able to detect colitis in an early clinical stage, when morphological imaging methods and colonoscopy were non-diagnostic. The early performance of 18F-FDG PET imaging in patients with possible colitis is encouraging.
New product adoption and sales performance from the importer perspective

Abstract From an international business setting, this paper investigates how importers determine new product adoptions and how exporters diffuse new products to offshore markets through importers. Using the technology–environment–organization framework, we examine the effect of innovative characteristics of selected new products, importer-specific organizational capability, and exporter-specific environmental factors, on the adoption of new products by importers. Our sample included 585 new products from 152 local import firms nested in 34 foreign export firms. The results indicate that product meaningfulness, product superiority, and customer familiarity facilitate importer success in new product adoption. Importer host-market experience enhances new product adoption and moderates the relationship between adoption and sales performance. Exporter influence of market reputation in the host market and product-innovation capability is beneficial in promoting new products for enhanced sales performance. Instead of a single focus on new product adoption, we used a cross-level model to test the factors that foster new product adoption by importers.
Dictionary of Liberal quotations

This reference contains more than 2000 key quotations from figures in Liberal political history and Liberal thought. It is a source for anyone with an interest in Liberalism and in the contribution of it and Liberals to British politics.
Churn Prediction in Telecommunications Using MiningMart

This paper summarises a successful application of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) in an Italian telecommunications research lab. The aim of the application was to predict customer churn behaviour. A critical success factor for this application was clever preprocessing of the given data, in particular the construction of derived predictor features. The application was realised in the MiningMart KDD system, whose particular strength is data preprocessing on a conceptual level. Since MiningMart provides a declarative, yet executable model of the presented application, this model could be published in a central repository of KDD models, where it is publicly inspectable, which complements the descriptions in this paper. 1 A case study in churn prediction A major concern in customer relationship management in telecommunications companies is the ease with which customers can move to a competitor, a process called “churning”. Churning is a costly process for the company, as it is much cheaper to retain a customer than to acquire a new one [1]. The objectives of the application to be presented here were to find out which types of customers of a telecommunications company are likely to churn, and when. The task was solved using decision trees which achieved a predictive accuracy of 82%. This good result was only possible due to the introduction of relevant derived features for prediction which were not available in the original data, and due to a rerepresentation of the data so that temporal aspects could be included. Thus data preprocessing was a key success factor in this application. During preprocessing, the available data tables were transformed so that a classification algorithm could be applied. In the resulting data set, each row (that is, each example for classification) corresponded to one customer of the company, and contained many features describing their telecommunication behaviour for each of five consecutive months. Whether or not the customer left the company in the sixth month determined the binary classification label or target. Once a learned classifier is available it can be applied every month on data from the current and past four months, to predict churn for the following month.
Strategic Management Joumal , Vol . 18 : 7 , 509-533 ( 1997 ) DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining), shaped by the firm's (specific) asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difftcult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has aflopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is amplified where conditions of increasing retums exist. Whether and how a firm's competitive advantage is eroded depends on the stability of market demand, and the ease of replicability (expanding intemally) and imitatability (replication by competitors). If correct, the framework suggests that private wealth creation in regimes of rapid technological change depends in large measure on honing intemal technological, organizational, and managerial processes inside the firm. In short, identifying new opportunities and organizing effectively and efficiently to embrace them are generally more fundamental to private wealth creation than is strategizing, if by strategizing one means engaging in business conduct that keeps competitors off balance, raises rival's costs, and excludes new entrants. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.