LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Aquila comparison Project: The Effects of Feedback and Numerical Methods on Simulations of Galaxy Formation

We compare the results of various cosmological gas-dynamical codes used to simulate the formation of a galaxy in the cold dark matter structure formation paradigm. The various runs (13 in total) differ in their numerical hydrodynamical treatment [smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), moving mesh and adaptive mesh refinement] but share the same initial conditions and adopt in each case their latest published model of gas cooling, star formation and feedback. Despite the common halo assembly history, we find large code-to-code variations in the stellar mass, size, morphology and gas content of the galaxy at z = 0, due mainly to the different implementations of star formation and feedback. Compared with observation, most codes tend to produce an overly massive galaxy, smaller and less gas rich than typical spirals, with a massive bulge and a declining rotation curve. A stellar disc is discernible in most simulations, although its prominence varies widely from code to code. There is a well-defined trend between the effects of feedback and the severity of the disagreement with observed spirals. In general, models that are more effective at limiting the baryonic mass of the galaxy E-mail: cscannapieco@aip.de C © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society C © 2012 RAS at D uham U niersity L irary on A uust 2, 2014 hp://m nras.oxjournals.org/ D ow nladed from The Aquila comparison project 1727 come closer to matching observed galaxy scaling laws, but often to the detriment of the disc component. Although numerical convergence is not particularly good for any of the codes, our conclusions hold at two different numerical resolutions. Some differences can also be traced to the different numerical techniques; for example, more gas seems able to cool and become available for star formation in grid-based codes than in SPH. However, this effect is small compared to the variations induced by different feedback prescriptions. We conclude that state-of-the-art simulations cannot yet uniquely predict the properties of the baryonic component of a galaxy, even when the assembly history of its host halo is fully specified. Developing feedback algorithms that can effectively regulate the mass of a galaxy without hindering the formation of high angular momentum stellar discs remains a challenge.
Sharing the burden of financing adaptation to climate change

Climate change may cause most harm to countries that have historically contributed the least to greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change. This paper identifies consequentialist and nonconsequentialist ethical principles to guide a fair international burden-sharing scheme of climate change adaptation costs. We use these ethical principles to derive political principles – historical responsibility and capacity to pay – that can be applied in assigning a share of the financial burden to individual countries. We then propose a hybrid ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities’ approach as a promising starting point for international negotiations on the design of burden-sharing schemes. A numerical assessment of seven scenarios shows that the countries of Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change would bear the bulk of the costs of adaptation, but contributions differ substantially subject to the choice of a capacity to pay indicator. The contributions are less sensitive to choices related to responsibility calculations, apart from those associated with land-use-related emissions. Assuming costs of climate adaptation of USD 100 billion per year, the total financial contribution by the Annex I countries would be in the range of USD 65–70 billion per year. Expressed as a per capita basis, this gives a range of USD 43–82 per capita per year. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Graph SLAM Algorithm with Applications to Large-Scale Mapping of Urban Structures

This article presents GraphSLAM, a unifying algorithm for the offline SLAM problem. GraphSLAM is closely related to a recent sequence of research papers on applying optimization techniques to SLAM problems. It transforms the SLAM posterior into a graphical network, representing the log-likelihood of the data. It then reduces this graph using variable elimination techniques, arriving at a lowerdimensional problems that is then solved using conventional optimization techniques. As a result, GraphSLAM can generate maps with 108 or more features. The paper discusses a greedy algorithm for data association, and presents results for SLAM in urban environments with occasional GPS measurements. KEY WORDS—SLAM, robot navigation, localization, mapping
Furan analysis for liquid power transformers

This article attempts to capture and summarize the known technical information and recommendations for analysis of furan test results. It will also provide the technical basis for continued gathering and evaluation of furan data for liquid power transformers, and provide a recommended structure for collecting that data.
Second order parabolic systems, optimal regularity, and singular sets of solutions Systèmes paraboliques de la deuxième ordre, regularité optimale, et des ensembles singuliers des solutions

We present a new, complete approach to the partial regularity of solutions to non-linear, second order parabolic s the form ut − divA(x, t, u,Du) = 0. In the first part we introduce the A-caloric approximation lemma, a parabolic analogue of the harmonic approximation le of De Giorgi [Sem. Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa (1960–1961); Lectures in Math., ETH Zürich, Birkhäuser, Basel, the version of Simon. This allows to prove optimal partial regularity results for solutions in an elementary way, under m and natural assumptions. In the second part we provide estimates for the parabolic Hausdorff dimension of the singu solutions; the proof makes use of parabolic fractional Sobolev spaces.  2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé Nous présentons une nouvelle approche complète auprès de la regularité partielle des solutions des systèmes pa non-linéaires, de la deuxième ordre de la forme ut − divA(x, t, u,Du) = 0. Dans une première partie nous introduisons le lemme d’approximation A-calorique, un analogue parabolique du lemme d’ proximation harmonique de De Giorgi [Sem. Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa (1960–1961) ; Lectures in Math., ETH * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: duzaar@mi.uni-erlangen.de (F. Duzaar), giuseppe.mingione@unipr.it (G. Mingione). 0294-1449/$ – see front matter  2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.anihpc.2004.10.011 706 F. Duzaar, G. Mingione / Ann. I. H. Poincaré – AN 22 (2005) 705–751 tielle pour onnons des es espaces
The Three Types of Factor Models: A Comparison of Their Explanatory Power

Multifactor models of security market returns can be divided into three types: macroeconomic, fundamental, and statistical factor models. Macroeconomic factor models use observable economic time series, such as inflation and interest rates, as measures of the pervasive shocks io security returns. Fundamental factor models use the retums to portfolios associated with observed security attributes such as dividend yield, the book-to-market ratio, and industry identifiers. Statistical factor models derive their pervasive factors from factor analysis of the panel data set of security returns. This paper compares the explanatory power of these three approaches for U.S. equity returns.
Anatomic double-bundle and over-the-top single-bundle with additional extra-articular tenodesis: an in vivo quantitative assessment of knee laxity in two different ACL reconstructions

Combinations of intra- and extra-articular procedures have been proposed for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the aim of achieving an optimal control of translational and rotational knee laxities. Recently, the need for better reproducing the structural and functional behavior of the native anterior cruciate ligament led to the definition of anatomic double-bundle surgical approach. This study aimed to quantitatively verify whether the in vivo static and dynamic behavior obtained using over-the-top single-bundle with extra-articular tenodesis reconstruction was comparable to the results achieved by anatomic double-bundle approach. Thirty-five consecutive patients, with an isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury, were included in the study. Standard clinical laxities and pivot-shift test were quantified before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by means of a surgical navigation system dedicated to kinematic assessment; displacements of medial and lateral compartment during stress tests were also analyzed. Single-bundle with extra-articular tenodesis approach presented statistically better laxity reduction in varus/valgus stress test at full extension and in internal/external rotation at 90° of flexion; lateral plasty controlled better the lateral compartment during drawer test and varus/valgus stress test both at 0° and 30° of flexion and both the compartments during internal/external rotation at 90° of flexion. On the other hand, pivot-shift phenomenon was better controlled by anatomic double-bundle reconstruction. Both the reconstructions worked similarly for static knee laxity. The extra-articular procedure played an important role in better constraining the displacement of lateral tibial compartment, whereas the anatomic double-bundle reconstruction better restored the dynamic behavior of knee joint highlighted under pivot-shift stress test. Case series.
Hamiltonian quantum cellular automata in one dimension

We construct a simple translationally invariant, nearest-neighbor Hamiltonian on a chain of 10-dimensional qudits that makes it possible to realize universal quantum computing without any external control during the computational process. We only require the ability to prepare an initial computational basis state which encodes both the quantum circuit and its input. The computational process is then carried out by the autonomous Hamiltonian time evolution. After a time polynomially long in the size of the quantum circuit has passed, the result of the computation is obtained with high probability by measuring a few qudits in the computational basis. This result also implies that there cannot exist efficient classical simulation methods for generic translationally invariant nearest-neighbor Hamiltonians on qudit chains, unless quantum computers can be efficiently simulated by classical computers (or, put in complexity theoretic terms, unless BPP=BQP).
A novel scheduling scheme based on MU-MIMO in TD-LTE uplink

The virtual MIMO (V-MIMO) and coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) are adopted by the LTE system to extend the uplink spectral efficiency. V-MIMO makes use of spatial multiplexing to increase system throughput while CoMP by means of mitigating inter cell interference (ICI) significantly achieve the same effect. In this paper, we present an orthogonality based proportional fair scheduling (OPF) scheme for virtual MIMO and CoMP in TD-LTE uplink. To evaluate the effectiveness of the OPF algorithm, three schemes are analyzed and compared: conventional single input multiple output (SIMO), V-MIMO and CoMP. Finally, we evaluate and compare the potential gain in spectral efficiency for the SIMO, V-MIMO and CoMP using LTE semi-dynamic system level simulator.
Classification, Structuring, and Assessment of Evidence for Safety -- A Systematic Literature Review

Safety assurance and certification are amongst the most expensive and time-consuming tasks in the development of safety-critical systems. Demonstration of compliance with safety standards involves providing evidence that the standards' safety criteria are met. To handle large collections of evidence effectively, safety professionals need knowledge of how to classify different types of evidence, how to structure the evidence, and how to assess it. This paper takes a step towards developing such a body of knowledge by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Specifically, the SLR identifies and classifies the information and artefacts considered as evidence for safety, examines existing techniques for evidence structuring and assessment, and summarizes the challenges noted in the literature in relation to safety evidence. The paper, to our knowledge, is the first systematic review on the topic of safety evidence. The results we present are particularly relevant to practitioners seeking to better understand the evidence requirements for safety certification, as well as to researchers conducting research in this area.
Phase I study of abagovomab in patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.

PURPOSE
This open-label study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of two doses and two routes of the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody abagovomab (formerly ACA125) in patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Eligible patients from the three participating institutions were any stage at diagnosis, had relapsed, and had complete or partial response to additional chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to receive abagovomab at 2.0 versus 0.2 mg and i.m. versus s.c. for four immunizations every 2 weeks and then monthly for two additional immunizations. Planned evaluation included interval physical examinations and laboratory assessments with immune assessment, including HLA typing, human anti-mouse antibody, ELISA, and enzyme-linked immunospot. Patients were required to remain on study until week 10 (the first post-baseline Ab3 determination) to be considered for immunologic assessment. The primary end points were safety and immunogenicity primarily determined by Ab3 response.


RESULTS
Forty-two patients received at least one vaccination and were eligible for safety analysis. Thirty-three patients were available for Ab3 analysis (removed for progression of disease, 6; withdrawal of consent, 2; unrelated adverse event, 1). The most common adverse events were self-limited pain at injection site, myalgia, and fever. No hematologic or nonhematologic toxicity grade>2 related to immunization was seen. Ab3 was detectable in all patients (median, 236,794 ng/mL); none of route of administration (P=0.6268), dose (P=0.4602), or cohort (P=0.4944) was statistically significant in terms of effect on maximum post-baseline Ab3 titer. Human anti-mouse antibody was not detectable at baseline but was present in all patients at week 16 (range, 488-45,000 ng/mL).


CONCLUSIONS
Immunization with abagovomab is well tolerated and induced robust Ab3 responses at the two doses and routes tested. A phase III randomized study with abagovomab (2.0 mg s.c.) is warranted.
Advances in business process management

This special issue of Data & Knowledge Engineering contains extended versions of four papers selected from the best papers of the ‘‘International Conference on Business Process Management: On the Application of Formal Methods to Process-Aware Information Systems’’ that took place in Eindhoven (The Netherlands) in June 2003. To put the contributions to this special issue into a wider perspective, we first provide a brief overview of the scientific and practical issues in the context of Business Process Management (BPM) systems, followed by a brief introduction of the selected papers.
Influence of the implant-abutment connection design and diameter on the screw joint stability

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the implant-abutment connection design and diameter on the screw joint stability.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Regular and wide-diameter implant systems with three different joint connection designs: an external butt joint, a one-stage internal cone, and a two-stage internal cone were divided into seven groups (n=5, in each group). The initial removal torque values of the abutment screw were measured with a digital torque gauge. The postload removal torque values were measured after 100,000 cycles of a 150 N and a 10 Hz cyclic load had been applied. Subsequently, the rates of the initial and postload removal torque losses were calculated to evaluate the effect of the joint connection design and diameter on the screw joint stability. Each group was compared using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test as post-hoc test (α=0.05).


RESULTS
THE POSTLOAD REMOVAL TORQUE VALUE WAS HIGH IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER WITH REGARD TO MAGNITUDE: two-stage internal cone, one-stage internal cone, and external butt joint systems. In the regular-diameter group, the external butt joint and one-stage internal cone systems showed lower postload removal torque loss rates than the two-stage internal cone system. In the wide-diameter group, the external butt joint system showed a lower loss rate than the one-stage internal cone and two-stage internal cone systems. In the two-stage internal cone system, the wide-diameter group showed a significantly lower loss rate than the regular-diameter group (P<.05).


CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that the external butt joint was more advantageous than the internal cone in terms of the postload removal torque loss. For the difference in the implant diameter, a wide diameter was more advantageous in terms of the torque loss rate.
Racial variation in prostate cancer upgrading and upstaging among men with low-risk clinical characteristics.

BACKGROUND
African American (AA) men suffer a higher prostate cancer (PCa) burden than other groups.


OBJECTIVE
We aim to determine the impact of race on the risk of upgrading, upstaging, and positive surgical margins (PSM) at radical prostatectomy (RP) among men eligible for active surveillance.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We studied men with low-risk PCa treated with RP at two centers. Low clinical risk was defined by National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. Outcome variables were upgrading, upstaging, and PSMs at surgery. Associations between race and the outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression adjusted for age, relationship status, diagnostic prostate-specific antigen level, percentage of positive biopsy cores, surgical approach, year of diagnosis, and clinical site.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Of 9304 men diagnosed with PCa, 4231 were low risk and underwent RP within 1 yr. Men were categorized as AA (n=273; 6.5%), Caucasian (n=3771; 89.1%), or other racial/ethnic group (Other; n=187; 4.4%). AA men had a significantly younger mean age (58.7 yr; standard deviation: ±7.06), and fewer (85%) were married or had a partner. Upgrading (34%) and upstaging (13%) rates did not significantly differ among the groups. The PSM rate was significantly higher in AA men (31%) than in the Caucasian (21%) and Other (20%) groups (p<0.01). We found an association between race group and PSM rate (p<0.03), with higher odds of PSMs in AA men versus Caucasian men (odds ratio [OR]: 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.47). No statistically significant associations between race and rates of upgrading and upstaging were found. This study was limited by the relatively low proportion of AA men in the cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
Among clinically low-risk men who underwent RP, AA men had a higher likelihood of PSMs compared with Caucasian men. We did not find statistically significantly different rates of upgrading and upstaging between the race groups.


PATIENT SUMMARY
We analyzed two large groups of men with what appeared to be low-risk prostate cancer based on the initial biopsy findings. The likelihood of finding worse disease (higher grade or stage) at the time of surgery was similar across different racial groups.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic products.

Contact dermatitis due to cosmetic products is a common dermatologic complaint that considerably affects the patient's quality of life. Diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies represent a substantial cost. This condition accounts for 2% to 4% of all visits to the dermatologist, and approximately 60% of cases are allergic in origin. Most cases are caused by skin hygiene and moisturizing products, followed by cosmetic hair and nail products. Fragrances are the most common cause of allergy to cosmetics, followed by preservatives and hair dyes; however, all components, including natural ingredients, should be considered potential sensitizers. We provide relevant information on the most frequent allergens in cosmetic products, namely, fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, excipients, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, natural ingredients, hair dyes, sunscreens, and nail cosmetics.
Material selection for donor materials in small molecular-based bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices

Poster Presentation: S15- Metal Complexes for Optics: from fundamental to applications: no. S15.P23
Reduction of EMI Susceptibility in CMOS Bandgap Reference Circuits

This paper presents a successful approach to increase the electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity of CMOS bandgap reference circuits. Layout techniques along with some changes in the reference schematics lead to a robust electromagnetic immunity, preserving good overall performances. Measurement results confirm the low susceptibility of the proposed circuits. They exhibit only a few millivolts shift, for interfering signals of 1 Vpp in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 4 GHz, compared to the classical topologies that may reach more than 1 V. The circuits were fabricated in a 0.8-mum standard CMOS technology
Towards Large-Pose Face Frontalization in the Wild

Despite recent advances in face recognition using deep learning, severe accuracy drops are observed for large pose variations in unconstrained environments. Learning pose-invariant features is one solution, but needs expensively labeled large-scale data and carefully designed feature learning algorithms. In this work, we focus on frontalizing faces in the wild under various head poses, including extreme profile view's. We propose a novel deep 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) conditioned Face Frontalization Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), termed as FF-GAN, to generate neutral head pose face images. Our framework differs from both traditional GANs and 3DMM based modeling. Incorporating 3DMM into the GAN structure provides shape and appearance priors for fast convergence with less training data, while also supporting end-to-end training. The 3DMM-conditioned GAN employs not only the discriminator and generator loss but also a new masked symmetry loss to retain visual quality under occlusions, besides an identity loss to recover high frequency information. Experiments on face recognition, landmark localization and 3D reconstruction consistently show the advantage of our frontalization method on faces in the wild datasets. 1
Direct Manipulation Interfaces

Approach • Social information independent of physical analog s – Text (e.g., emote) – abstract graphical representations (e.g., chat cir cles) • Interested in Abstract Approach a. Creates and deploys working systems b. Lack of attention Babble Prototype