LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Much more medicine for the oldest old: trends in UK electronic clinical records

BACKGROUND
the oldest old (85+) pose complex medical challenges. Both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are claimed in this group.


OBJECTIVE
to estimate diagnosis, prescribing and hospital admission prevalence from 2003/4 to 2011/12, to monitor trends in medicalisation.


DESIGN AND SETTING
observational study of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) electronic medical records from general practice populations (eligible; n = 27,109) with oversampling of the oldest old.


METHODS
we identified 18 common diseases and five geriatric syndromes (dizziness, incontinence, skin ulcers, falls and fractures) from Read codes. We counted medications prescribed ≥1 time in all quarters of studied years.


RESULTS
there were major increases in recorded prevalence of most conditions in the 85+ group, especially chronic kidney disease (stages 3-5: prevalence <1% rising to 36.4%). The proportions of the 85+ group with ≥3 conditions rose from 32.2 to 55.1% (27.1 to 35.1% in the 65-84 year group). Geriatric syndrome trends were less marked. In the 85+ age group the proportion receiving no chronically prescribed medications fell from 29.6 to 13.6%, while the proportion on ≥3 rose from 44.6 to 66.2%. The proportion of 85+ year olds with ≥1 hospital admissions per year rose from 27.6 to 35.4%.


CONCLUSIONS
there has been a dramatic increase in the medicalisation of the oldest old, evident in increased diagnosis (likely partly due to better record keeping) but also increased prescribing and hospitalisation. Diagnostic trends especially for chronic kidney disease may raise concerns about overdiagnosis. These findings provide new urgency to questions about the appropriateness of multiple diagnostic labelling.
Medial patellofemoral ligament anatomy: is it a predisposing factor for lateral patellar dislocation?

Because the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary restraint to lateral dislocation of the patella, we aimed, in this controlled study, to verify whether the MPFL with different measurements could be considered another predisposing factor for patellar dislocation. A group of 100 consecutive individuals without the criteria for patellar dislocation (trochlear dysplasia, patella alta and lateral patellar tilt) was recruited as a control group and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and another group of 50 patients with patellar instability. Femoral condyles, interepicondylar distance, length and thickness of the MPFL were measured. In the control group, the MPFL was 38–60 mm long. Individuals with patellar instability who had no episode of patellar dislocation had a 4.11-mm longer ligament than controls (p = 0.032), while patients with instability with a previous history of dislocation had a 13.54-mm longer MPFL than controls (p < 0.001). Thickness of the MPFL at the patellar insertion was lower in individuals with patellar instability with a history of dislocation (p < 0.001). An instability coefficient (IC) less than 1.3 indicates that the MPFL is insufficient. Individuals with patellar instability and previous patellar dislocation present with longer MPFL when compared to controls, and an associated IC less than 1.3 can be considered a predisposing factor for patellar dislocation. Treatment of patellar instability is a challenge, and it is difficult to identify what is the predisposing factor. This study has verified the measurements of the MPFL for the first time and presents values of thickness and length that can be considered as indications for surgical reconstruction. Level of evidence: III.
Unsatisfiable Formulae of Gödel Logic with Truth Constants and \varDelta Are Recursively Enumerable

This paper brings a solution to the open problem of recursive enumerability of unsatisfiable formulae in the first-order Godel logic. The answer is affirmative even for a useful expansion by intermediate truth constants and the projection operator Open image in new window . The affirmative result for unsatisfiable prenex formulae of \(G_\infty ^\varDelta \) has been stated in [1]. In [2], we have generalised the well-known hyperresolution principle to the first-order Godel logic for the general case. We now propose a modification of the hyperresolution calculus suitable for automated deduction with explicit partial truth.
Short-Term Forecasting of Anomalous Load Using Rule-Based Triple Seasonal Methods

Numerous methods have been proposed for forecasting load for normal days. Modeling of anomalous load, however, has often been ignored in the research literature. Occurring on special days, such as public holidays, anomalous load conditions pose considerable modeling challenges due to their infrequent occurrence and significant deviation from normal load. To overcome these limitations, we adopt a rule-based approach, which allows incorporation of prior expert knowledge of load profiles into the statistical model. We use triple seasonal Holt-Winters-Taylor (HWT) exponential smoothing, triple seasonal autoregressive moving average (ARMA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and triple seasonal intraweek singular value decomposition (SVD) based exponential smoothing. These methods have been shown to be competitive for modeling load for normal days. The methodological contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how these methods can be adapted to model load for special days, when used in conjunction with a rule-based approach. The proposed rule-based method is able to model normal and anomalous load in a unified framework. Using nine years of half-hourly load for Great Britain, we evaluate point forecasts, for lead times from one half-hour up to a day ahead. A combination of two rule-based methods generated the most accurate forecasts.
The verification of an industrial payment protocol: the SET purchase phase

The Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol has been proposed by a consortium of credit card companies and software corporations to secure e-commerce transactions. When the customer makes a purchase, the SET dual signature guarantees authenticity while keeping the customer's account details secret from the merchant and his choice of goods secret from the bank.This paper reports the first verification results for the complete purchase phase of SET. Using Isabelle and the inductive method, we showed that the credit card details do remain confidential and customer, merchant and bank can confirm most details of a transaction even when some of those details are kept from them. The complex protocol construction makes proofs more difficult but still feasible.Though enough goals can be proved to give confidence in SET, a lack of explicitness in the dual signature makes some agreement properties fail: it is impossible to prove that the customer meant to sent his credit card details to the payment gateway that receives them.
Action planning as predictor of health protective and health risk behavior: an investigation of fruit and snack consumption

BACKGROUND
Large discrepancies between people's intention to eat a healthy diet and actual dietary behavior indicate that motivation is not a sufficient instigator for healthy behavior. Research efforts to decrease this 'intention - behavior gap' have centered on aspects of self-regulation, most importantly self-regulatory planning. Most studies on the impact of self-regulatory planning in health and dietary behavior focus on the promotion of health protective behaviors. This study investigates and compares the predictive value of action planning in health protective behavior and the restriction of health risk behavior.


METHODS
Two longitudinal observational studies were performed simultaneously, one focusing on fruit consumption (N = 572) and one on high-caloric snack consumption (N = 585) in Dutch adults. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate and compare the predictive value of action planning in both behaviors, correcting for demographics and the influence of motivational factors and past behavior. The nature of the influence of action planning was investigated by testing mediating and moderating effects.


RESULTS
Action planning was a significant predictor of fruit consumption and restricted snack consumption beyond the influence of motivational factors and past behavior. The strength of the predictive value of action planning did not differ between the two behaviors. Evidence for mediation of the intention - behavior relationship was found for both behaviors. Positive moderating effects of action planning were demonstrated for fruit consumption, indicating that individuals who report high levels of action planning are significantly more likely to translate their intentions into actual behavior.


CONCLUSION
The results indicate that the planning of specific preparatory actions predicts the performance of healthy dietary behavior and support the application of self-regulatory planning in both health protective and health risk behaviors. Future interventions in dietary modification may turn these findings to advantage by incorporating one common planning protocol to increase the likelihood that good intentions are translated into healthy dietary behavior.
Speed Control of a Dual Stator Winding Induction Machine

A dual stator winding induction machine having two stator winding sets and a squirrel-cage rotor structure has been identified as having a good low speed controllability. This paper therefore presents the speed control of a dual stator winding machine using the concepts of indirect rotor field orientation and input-output linearization formalism. With a torque partition coefficient, it is possible to vary the electromagnetic torques generated by the two stator windings, which at low speeds makes it possible for one winding set to be generating leading to an improvement of the flux linkage estimation. Simulation results are presented for various command speed profiles including zero speed operation showing the efficacy of the torque partition coefficient even at very low speed operation. This possibility of operating at low speeds including zero using model based flux estimation schemes set forth in this paper is one of the benefits of the dual stator winding induction machinery.
Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus drug-eluting vascular scaffold for treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis: six-month clinical and imaging outcomes.

BACKGROUND
The first generation of the bioresorbable everolimus drug-eluting vascular scaffold showed signs of shrinkage at 6 months, which largely contributed to late luminal loss. Nevertheless, late luminal loss was less than that observed with bare metal stents. To maintain the mechanical integrity of the device up to 6 months, the scaffold design and manufacturing process of its polymer were modified.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound with analysis of radiofrequency backscattering, and as an optional assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. Forty-five patients successfully received a single bioresorbable everolimus drug-eluting vascular scaffold. One patient had postprocedural release of myocardial enzyme without Q-wave occurrence; 1 patient with OCT-diagnosed disruption of the scaffold caused by excessive postdilatation was treated 1 month later with a metallic drug-eluting stent. At follow-up, 3 patients declined recatheterization, 42 patients had quantitative coronary angiography, 37 had quantitative intravascular ultrasound, and 25 had OCT. Quantitative coronary angiography disclosed 1 edge restenosis (1 of 42; in-segment binary restenosis, 2.4%). At variance with the ultrasonic changes seen with the first generation of bioresorbable everolimus drug-eluting vascular scaffold at 6 months, the backscattering of the polymeric struts did not decrease over time, the scaffold area was reduced by only 2.0% with intravascular ultrasound, and no change was noted with OCT. On an intention-to-treat basis, the late lumen loss amounted to 0.19±0.18 mm with a limited relative decrease in minimal luminal area of 5.4% on intravascular ultrasound. OCT showed at follow-up that 96.8% of the struts were covered and that malapposition of at least 1 strut, initially observed in 12 scaffolds, was detected at follow-up in only 3 scaffolds. Mean neointimal growth measured by OCT between and on top of the polymeric struts equaled 1.25 mm(2), or 16.6% of the scaffold area.


CONCLUSION
Modified manufacturing process of the polymer and geometric changes in the polymeric platform have substantially improved the medium-term performance of this new generation of drug-eluting scaffold to become comparable to those of current drug eluting stents.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00856856.
Cost–benefit analysis of the mechanisms that enable migrating cells to sustain motility upon changes in matrix environments

Cells can move through extracellular environments with varying geometries and adhesive properties. Adaptation to these differences is achieved by switching between different modes of motility, including lamellipod-driven and blebbing motility. Further, cells can modulate their level of adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) depending on both the level of force applied to the adhesions and cell intrinsic biochemical properties. We have constructed a computational model of cell motility to investigate how motile cells transition between extracellular environments with varying surface continuity, confinement and adhesion. Changes in migration strategy are an emergent property of cells as the ECM geometry and adhesion changes. The transition into confined environments with discontinuous ECM fibres is sufficient to induce shifts from lamellipod-based to blebbing motility, while changes in confinement alone within a continuous geometry are not. The geometry of the ECM facilitates plasticity, by inducing shifts where the cell has high marginal gain from a mode change, and conserving persistency where the cell can continue movement regardless of the motility mode. This regulation of cell motility is independent of global changes in cytoskeletal properties, but requires locally higher linkage between the actin network and the plasma membrane at the cell rear, and changes in internal cell pressure. In addition to matrix geometry, we consider how cells might transition between ECM of different adhesiveness. We find that this requires positive feedback between the forces cells apply on the adhesion points, and the strength of the cell-ECM adhesions on those sites. This positive feedback leads to the emergence of a small number of highly adhesive cores, similar to focal adhesions. While the range of ECM adhesion levels the cell can invade is expanded with this feedback mechanism; the velocities are lowered for conditions where the positive feedback is not vital. Thus, plasticity of cell motility sacrifices the benefits of specialization, for robustness.
Estimation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya river plume regions using above‐surface hyperspectral remote sensing

[1] A method for the inversion of hyperspectral remote sensing was developed to determine the absorption coefficient for chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya river plume regions and the northern Gulf of Mexico, where water types vary from Case 1 to turbid Case 2. Above‐surface hyperspectral remote sensing data were measured by a ship‐mounted spectroradiometer and then used to estimate CDOM. Simultaneously, water absorption and attenuation coefficients, CDOM and chlorophyll fluorescence, turbidities, and other related water properties were also measured at very high resolution (0.5–2 m) using in situ, underwater, and flow‐through (shipboard, pumped) optical sensors. We separate ag, the absorption coefficient a of CDOM, from adg (a of CDOM and nonalgal particles) based on two absorption‐ backscattering relationships. The first is between ad (a of nonalgal particles) and bbp (total particulate backscattering coefficient), and the second is between ap (a of total particles) and bbp. These two relationships are referred as ad‐based and ap‐based methods, respectively. Consequently, based on Lee’s quasi‐analytical algorithm (QAA), we developed the so‐called Extended Quasi‐Analytical Algorithm (QAA‐E) to decompose adg, using both ad‐based and ap‐based methods. The absorption‐backscattering relationships and the QAA‐E were tested using synthetic and in situ data from the International Ocean‐Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG) as well as our own field data. The results indicate the ad‐based method is relatively better than the ap‐based method. The accuracy of CDOM estimation is significantly improved by separating ag from adg (R 2 = 0.81 and 0.65 for synthetic and in situ data, respectively). The sensitivities of the newly introduced coefficients were also analyzed to ensure QAA‐E is robust.
Parameter-expanded data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of capture–recapture models

Data augmentation (DA) is a flexible tool for analyzing closed and open population models of capture–recapture data, especially models which include sources of hetereogeneity among individuals. The essential concept underlying DA, as we use the term, is based on adding “observations” to create a dataset composed of a known number of individuals. This new (augmented) dataset, which includes the unknown number of individuals N in the population, is then analyzed using a new model that includes a reformulation of the parameter N in the conventional model of the observed (unaugmented) data. In the context of capture–recapture models, we add a set of “all zero” encounter histories which are not, in practice, observable. The model of the augmented dataset is a zero-inflated version of either a binomial or a multinomial base model. Thus, our use of DA provides a general approach for analyzing both closed and open population models of all types. In doing so, this approach provides a unified framework for the analysis of a huge range of models that are treated as unrelated “black boxes” and named procedures in the classical literature. As a practical matter, analysis of the augmented dataset by MCMC is greatly simplified compared to other methods that require specialized algorithms. For example, complex capture–recapture models of an augmented dataset can be fitted with popular MCMC software packages (WinBUGS or JAGS) by providing a concise statement of the model’s assumptions that usually involves only a few lines of pseudocode. In this paper, we review the basic technical concepts of data augmentation, and we provide examples of analyses of closed-population models (M 0, M h , distance sampling, and spatial capture–recapture models) and open-population models (Jolly–Seber) with individual effects.
Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review.

Several disperse dyes (DDs) are still considered to be the most important allergens in textile dermatitis, but there are sparse data about their current use in textiles. The aim of this review was to evaluate published studies and reports on contact allergy to DDs published in PubMed during the last 22 years (1990-2012). Prevalence data are provided by study and by dye, as well as by the described clinical peculiarities of DD dermatitis. We reviewed 54 studies. In total, 26 DDs were tested. The average prevalence in screening studies was >1% for Disperse Blue 106, Disperse Blue 124, and Disperse Orange 3. There is a lack of data on patch testing with Disperse Blue 26, Disperse Blue 102, Disperse Orange 37, Disperse Orange 149, Disperse Yellow 23 and Disperse Yellow 49, which are listed as allergens by the EU Commission. It is necessary to check the purity and identity of dyes used for patch testing, confirm the clinical relevance of positive reactions by patch testing with suspected textiles, and, if the results are positive, determine the culprit dye.
Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian? A dual-process theory of moral judgment explains

Koenigs, Young and colleagues [1] recently tested patients with emotion-related damage in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) usingmoral dilemmas used in previous neuroimaging studies [2,3]. These patients made unusually utilitarian judgments (endorsing harmful actions that promote the greater good). My collaborators and I have proposed a dual-process theory of moral judgment [2,3] that we claim predicts this result. In a Research Focus article published in this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Moll and de Oliveira-Souza [4] challenge this interpretation. Our theory aims to explain some puzzling patterns in commonsense moral thought. For example, people usually approve of diverting a runaway trolley thatmortally threatens five people onto a side-track, where it will kill only one person. And yet people usually disapprove of pushing someone in front of a runaway trolley, where this will kill the person pushed, but save five others [5]. Our theory, in a nutshell, is this: the thought of pushing someone in front of a trolley elicits a prepotent, negative emotional response (supported in part by the medial prefrontal cortex) that drives moral disapproval [2,3]. People also engage in utilitarian moral reasoning (aggregate cost–benefit analysis), which is likely subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [2,3]. When there is no prepotent emotional response, utilitarian reasoning prevails (as in the first case), but sometimes prepotent emotions and utilitarian reasoning conflict (as in the second case). This conflict is detected by the anterior cingulate cortex, which signals the need for cognitive control, to be implemented in this case by the anterior DLPFC [Brodmann’s Areas (BA) 10/46]. Overriding prepotent emotional responses requires additional cognitive control and, thus, we find increased activity in the anterior DLPFC when people make difficult utilitarian moral judgments [3]. More recent studies support this theory: if negative emotions make people disapprove of pushing the man to his death, then inducing positive emotion might lead to more utilitarian approval, and this is indeed what happens [6]. Likewise, patients with frontotemporal dementia (known for their ‘emotional blunting’) should more readily approve of pushing the man in front of the trolley, and they do [7]. This finding directly foreshadows the hypoemotional VMPFC patients’ utilitarian responses to this and other cases [1]. Finally, we’ve found that cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment,
Content-based image retrieval from videos using CBIR and ABIR algorithm

Content-based video retrieval is very interesting point where it can be used in our daily life. Video retrieval is regarded as one of the most important in multimedia research. The development of multimedia data types there is demand of video retrieval system. Video retrieval can be used for video search and browsing which are useful in web applications. Selection of extracted features play an important role in content based video retrieval. There are two types of feature extraction, low level feature extraction and high level feature extraction. Low level feature extraction based on color, shape, texture, spatial relationship. The main goal of this paper is that, user can give the two different types of input in the form of image query and the text query. First one is that give the input in the form of image query and retrieved image which is similar to the query image by using the CBIR algorithm. CBIR is still developing science. Retrieval of images based on visual features such as color, texture and shape. In this paper gives a detail description of a system developed for retrieving images similar to a query image from a different large set of image. Second one is that give the input in the form of text query and retrieved image by using the ABIR technique. ABIR is powerful algorithm for the information retrieval it can utilize their powerful natural language. Annotation is never complete.