LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
FWD vehicle drifting control: The handbrake-cornering technique

Race drivers employ expert techniques to exploit the limits of the vehicle performance. In particular, rally driving techniques involve vehicle cornering at high sideslip angles (drifting), and hence operation of the vehicle beyond the stable limits enforced by stability control systems. In this work we study drifting techniques applicable to Front-Wheel-Drive (FWD) drive-train configurations. We present data collected during the execution of handbrake-cornering maneuvers by an expert driver in a FWD vehicle. Consequently, we calculate cornering equilibria using a vehicle model with driven front wheels, and rear wheels “locked” at zero angular rate under application of the handbrake. A controller is designed to stabilize the vehicle with respect to the calculated equilibria, using steering and drive/brake torque control inputs. The controller is implemented in simulation to demonstrate the stabilization of unstable drifting steady-states.
Finders , keepers ? Attracting , motivating and retaining knowledge workers

Attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers have become important in a knowledge-based and tight labour market, where changing knowledge management practices and global convergence of technology has redefined the nature of work. While individualisation of employment practices and team-based work may provide personal and organisational flexibilities, aligning HR and organisational strategies for competitive advantage has become more prominent. This exploratory study identifies the most and least effective HR strategies used by knowledge intensive firms (KIFs) in Singapore for attracting, motivating and retaining these workers. The most popular strategies were not always the most effective, and there appear to be distinctive ‘bundles’ of HR practices for managing knowledge workers. These vary according to whether ownership is foreign or local. A schema, based on statistically significant findings, for improving the effectiveness of these practices in managing knowledge workers is proposed. Cross-cultural research is necessary to establish the extent of diffusion of these practices. Contact: Frank M. Horwitz, Graduate School of Business, Breakwater Campus, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700 South Africa. Email: fhorwitz@gsb.uct.ac.za
Description of the “Scenario Machine”

We present an updated description of the “Scenario Machine” code, which is used to carry out population-synthesis analyzes of the evolution of close binary stars.
3-D Statistical Channel Model for Millimeter-Wave Outdoor Communications

This paper presents a 3-dimensional millimeterwave statistical channel impulse response model from 28 GHz and 73 GHz ultrawideband propagation measurements [1], [2] . An accurate 3GPP-like channel model that supports arbitrary carrier frequency, RF bandwidth, and antenna beamwidth (for both omnidirectional and arbitrary directional antennas), is provided. Time cluster and spatial lobe model parameters are extracted from empirical distributions from field measurements. A step-by-step modeling procedure for generati ng channel coefficients is shown to agree with statistics from t he field measurements, thus confirming that the statistical cha nnel model faithfully recreates spatial and temporal channel impulse responses for use in millimeter-wave 5G air interface desig ns.
Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in women undergoing screening mammography.

BACKGROUND
With the large number of women having mammography-an estimated 28.4 million U.S. women aged 40 years and older in 1998-the percentage of cancers detected as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which has an uncertain prognosis, has increased. We pooled data from seven regional mammography registries to determine the percentage of mammographically detected cancers that are DCIS and the rate of DCIS per 1000 mammograms.


METHODS
We analyzed data on 653 833 mammograms from 540 738 women between 40 and 84 years of age who underwent screening mammography at facilities participating in the National Cancer Institute's Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) throughout 1996 and 1997. Mammography results were linked to population-based cancer and pathology registries. We calculated the percentage of screen-detected breast cancers that were DCIS, the rate of screen-detected DCIS per 1000 mammograms by age and by previous mammography status, and the sensitivity of screening mammography. Statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
A total of 3266 cases of breast cancer were identified, 591 DCIS and 2675 invasive breast cancer. The percentage of screen-detected breast cancers that were DCIS decreased with age (from 28.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.9% to 32.5%] for women aged 40-49 years to 16.0% [95% CI = 13.3% to 18.7%] for women aged 70-84 years). However, the rate of screen-detected DCIS cases per 1000 mammograms increased with age (from 0.56 [95% CI = 0.41 to 0.70] for women aged 40-49 years to 1.07 [95% CI = 0.87 to 1.27] for women aged 70-84 years). Sensitivity of screening mammography in all age groups combined was higher for detecting DCIS (86.0% [95% CI = 83.2% to 88.8%]) than it was for detecting invasive breast cancer (75.1% [95% CI = 73.5% to 76.8%]).


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, approximately 1 in every 1300 screening mammography examinations leads to a diagnosis of DCIS. Given uncertainty about the natural history of DCIS, the clinical significance of screen-detected DCIS needs further investigation.
CT Scan Screening for Lung Cancer: Risk Factors for Nodules and Malignancy in a High-Risk Urban Cohort

BACKGROUND
Low-dose computed tomography (CT) for lung cancer screening can reduce lung cancer mortality. The National Lung Screening Trial reported a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality in high-risk smokers. However, CT scanning is extremely sensitive and detects non-calcified nodules (NCNs) in 24-50% of subjects, suggesting an unacceptably high false-positive rate. We hypothesized that by reviewing demographic, clinical and nodule characteristics, we could identify risk factors associated with the presence of nodules on screening CT, and with the probability that a NCN was malignant.


METHODS
We performed a longitudinal lung cancer biomarker discovery trial (NYU LCBC) that included low-dose CT-screening of high-risk individuals over 50 years of age, with more than 20 pack-year smoking histories, living in an urban setting, and with a potential for asbestos exposure. We used case-control studies to identify risk factors associated with the presence of nodules (n=625) versus no nodules (n=557), and lung cancer patients (n=30) versus benign nodules (n=128).


RESULTS
The NYU LCBC followed 1182 study subjects prospectively over a 10-year period. We found 52% to have NCNs >4 mm on their baseline screen. Most of the nodules were stable, and 9.7% of solid and 26.2% of sub-solid nodules resolved. We diagnosed 30 lung cancers, 26 stage I. Three patients had synchronous primary lung cancers or multifocal disease. Thus, there were 33 lung cancers: 10 incident, and 23 prevalent. A sub-group of the prevalent group were stable for a prolonged period prior to diagnosis. These were all stage I at diagnosis and 12/13 were adenocarcinomas.


CONCLUSIONS
NCNs are common among CT-screened high-risk subjects and can often be managed conservatively. Risk factors for malignancy included increasing age, size and number of nodules, reduced FEV1 and FVC, and increased pack-years smoking. A sub-group of screen-detected cancers are slow-growing and may contribute to over-diagnosis and lead-time biases.
Common Fixed Point Theorems in Sequentially Compact Fuzzy Metric Spaces

In this paper, we give common fixed point theorems in sequentially compact fuzzy metric space (X,M, ∗) for pairs of weakly compatible mappings and for sequences of self mappings. Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H10; 54H25
Comprehensive ICF core set for obstructive pulmonary diseases: validation of the activities and participation component through the patient's perspective.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to validate the Activities and Participation component of the Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (OPD) from the patient's perspective.


METHODS
A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of outpatients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Individual interviews were performed and analysed according to the meaning condensation procedure.


RESULTS
Fifty-one participants (70.6% male) with a mean age of 69.5 ± 10.8 years old were included. Twenty-one of the 24 categories contained in the Activities and Participation component of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD were identified by the participants. Additionally, seven second-level categories that are not covered by the Core Set were reported: complex interpersonal interactions, informal social relationships, family relationships, conversation, maintaining a body position, eating and preparing meals.


CONCLUSIONS
The activities and participation component of the ICF Core Set for OPD was largely supported by the patient's perspective. The categories included in the ICF Core Set that were not confirmed by the participants and the additional categories that were raised need to be further investigated in order to develop an instrument according to the patient's perspective. This will promote a more patient-centred assessments and rehabilitation interventions. Implications for Rehabilitation The Activities and Participation component of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD is largely supported by the perspective of patients with COPD and therefore could be used in the assessment of patients' individual and social life. The information collected through the Activities and Participation component of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD could be used to plan and assess rehabilitation interventions for patients with COPD.
An Islanding Detection Method Based on Dual-Frequency Harmonic Current Injection Under Grid Impedance Unbalanced Condition

This paper proposes a three-phase grid impedance detection method based on dual-frequency harmonic current injection for islanding detection. Grid impedance detection based on single harmonic current injection is reliable in three-phase impedance balanced grid. However, under impedance unbalanced condition, the harmonic voltage caused by the injected symmetric harmonic current is asymmetric, which affects the calculation of grid impedances and even leads to failed detection. The method based on dual-frequency harmonic current injection is injecting two non-characteristic symmetric harmonic currents, and then according to the different harmonic voltages caused by different frequency harmonic currents, all three-phase impedances can be calculated accurately. The implementing algorithm of the presented method is derived and its performance is analyzed in detail. Simulation and experiments are carried out under grid impedance balanced and unbalanced conditions. Theoretical analysis and experiment results proved that the proposed method is feasible.
Reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the
fatigue severity scale and its correlation with pulmonary function, dyspnea, and
functional capacity in patients with COPD*


OBJECTIVE
To describe the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the fatigue severity scale (FSS) in patients with COPD and to identify the presence of its association with parameters of pulmonary function, dyspnea, and functional capacity.


METHODS
This was an observational cross-sectional study involving 50 patients with COPD, who completed the FSS in interviews with two researchers in two visits. The FSS scores were correlated with those of the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, as well as with FEV1, FVC, and six-minute walk distance (6MWD).


RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 69.4 ± 8.23 years, whereas the mean FEV1 was 46.5 ± 20.4% of the predicted value. The scale was reliable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.94; p < 0.01). The FSS scores showed significant correlations with those of MRC scale (r = 0.70; p < 0.01), as well as with 6MWD (r = -0.77; p < 0.01), FEV1 (r = -0.38; p < 0.01), FVC (r = -0.35; p < 0.01), and stage of the disease in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria (r = 0.37; p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The Brazilian Portuguese version of the FSS proved reliable for use in COPD patients in Brazil and showed significant correlations with sensation of dyspnea, functional capacity, pulmonary function, and stage of the disease.
Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-three clients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and their caregivers (n=73) were recruited and randomized into a study (n=36) and control group (n=37). Ten psychoeducation sessions were provided to the study group. The outcomes were measured at the baseline, immediately after (post-1), six months (post-2), and 12 months after the intervention (post-3).


RESULTS
There were significant treatment effects across time for all client outcomes: adherence to medication (p<0.01), mental status (p<0.01), and insight into illness (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found between groups at the post-3 measures for all client outcomes. For the caregivers, significant group differences were only detected in self-efficacy at the post-1 (p=0.007) and post-2 (p<0.001) measures, the level of satisfaction at the post-1 (p=0.033) and post-2 (p<0.021) measures, and the perception of family burden at the post-2 measures (p=0.043).


CONCLUSION
A psychoeducation intervention had positive effects on Chinese clients and their caregivers. However, these effects might not be sustained 12 months after the intervention.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
To substantiate its effects, psychoeducation should be an ongoing intervention, with its outcomes constantly evaluated.
Microstructure of (Ti, Si, Al)N nanocomposite coatings

Abstract (Ti,Si,Al)N nanocomposite coatings were prepared by a combination of r.f. and d.c. reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition of the films was evaluated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). XRD experiments showed the development of crystalline phases whose structure is very similar to that of bulk TiN. Diffracted peak positions revealed changes of the lattice parameter from 0.418 to 0.429 nm when the ion adatom mobility was enhanced. The lowest lattice parameter corresponds to a Ti–Si–Al–N phase where some of the Si and Al atoms are occupying Ti positions in the fcc TiN lattice, while the highest corresponds to a system where a partial Si segregation has occurred being enough to nucleate and develop a Si 3 N 4 amorphous phase. Cross-sectional HRTEM images of samples grown under high adatom mobility shown grains with a diameter between 3 and 10 nm surrounded by an amorphous layer, while for the samples grown under limited adatom mobility conditions grains with a diameter between 18 and 28 nm were observed. Furthermore, through the visualization of bright field images it was possible to discern a columnar structure.
The Edinburgh Twitter Corpus

We describe the first release of our corpus of 97 million Twitter posts. We believe that this data will prove valuable to researchers working in social media, natural language processing, large-scale data processing, and similar areas.
Schottky barrier characterization of lead phthalocyanine/aluminium interfaces

Abstract Thin sandwich film structure consisting of several cells is fabricated by successive thermal sublimation of aluminium, lead phthalocyanine and aluminium under high vacuum conditions (10 − 4  Pa). The dark current density–voltage ( J – V ) characteristics indicate rectifying junctions exists at PbPc/Al interface. Devices exposed to oxygen were found to exhibit an enhanced Schottky type behaviour. Measurements on the dependence of capacitance and conductance on frequency and temperature are also investigated. These are quantitatively interpreted using an equivalent circuit model. Structural properties of lead phthalocyanine film were studied using X-ray diffraction techniques.
Do bosons obey BoseEinstein distribution: Two iterated limits of Gentile distribution

Abstract It is a common impression that by only setting the maximum occupation number to infinity, which is the demand of the indistinguishability of bosons, one can achieve the statistical distribution that bosons obey — the Bose–Einstein distribution. In this Letter, however, we show that only with an infinite maximum occupation number one cannot uniquely achieve the Bose–Einstein distribution, since in the derivation of the Bose–Einstein distribution, the problem of iterated limit is encountered. For achieving the Bose–Einstein distribution, one needs to take both the maximum occupation number and the total number of particles to infinities, and, then, the problem of the order of taking limits arises. Different orders of the limit operations will lead to different statistical distributions. For achieving the Bose–Einstein distribution, besides setting the maximum occupation number, we also need to state the order of the limit operations.
Phase II study of vicriviroc versus efavirenz (both with zidovudine/lamivudine) in treatment-naive subjects with HIV-1 infection.

BACKGROUND
Vicriviroc (VCV) is a CCR5 antagonist with nanomolar activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro and in vivo. We report the results of a phase II dose-finding study of VCV plus dual nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects.


METHODS
This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that began with a 14-day comparison of 3 dosages of VCV with placebo in treatment-naive subjects infected with CCR5-using HIV-1. After 14 days of monotherapy, lamivudine/zidovudine was added to the VCV arms; subjects receiving placebo were treated with efavirenz and lamivudine/zidovudine; the planned treatment duration was 48 weeks.


RESULTS
Ninety-two subjects enrolled. After 14 days of once-daily monotherapy, the mean viral loads decreased from baseline values by 0.07 log(10) copies/mL in the placebo arm, 0.93 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 25 mg arm, 1.18 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 50 mg arm, and 1.34 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 75 mg arm (P < .001 for each VCV arm vs. the placebo arm). The combination-therapy portion of the study was stopped because of increased rates of virologic failure in the VCV 25 mg/day arm (relative hazard [RH], 21.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-168.9) and the VCV 50 mg/day arm (RH, 11.7; 95% CI, 1.5-92.9), compared with that in the control arm.


CONCLUSIONS
VCV administered with dual NRTIs in treatment-naive subjects with HIV-1 infection had increased rates of virologic failure, compared with efavirenz plus dual NRTIs. No treatment-limiting toxicity was observed. Study of higher doses of VCV as part of combination therapy is warranted.
In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans to four disinfectants and their combinations.

AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of seven strains of Candida albicans to four disinfectants: iodine potassium iodide, chlorhexidine acetate, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. In addition, all possible pairs of the disinfectants were tested in order to compare the effect of the combination and its components.


METHODOLOGY
Filter paper discs were immersed in standardized yeast suspensions and then transferred to disinfectant solutions of different concentrations and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 s, 5 min, 1 h and 24 h. After incubation the filter paper discs were transferred to vials with PBS and glass beads that were then vigorously shaken for dispersal of the yeast cells. PBS with resuspended yeasts was serially diluted 10-fold. Droplets of 25 microL from each dilution were inoculated on TSB agar plates and incubated in air at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The number of colony-forming units was then calculated from appropriate dilutions.


RESULTS
C. albicans cells were highly resistant to calcium hydroxide. Sodium hypochlorite (5% and 0.5%) and iodine (2%) potassium iodide (4%) killed all yeast cells within 30 s, whilst chlorhexidine acetate (0.5%) showed complete killing after 5 min. Combinations of disinfectants were equally or less effective than the more effective component. All C. albicans strains tested showed similar susceptibility to the medicaments tested.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that sodium hypochlorite, iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine acetate are more effective than calcium hydroxide against C. albicans in vitro. However, combining calcium hydroxide with sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine may provide a wide-spectrum antimicrobial preparation with a long-lasting effect.
Suicide by Cop.

A terrified woman called police because her ex-boyfriend was breaking into her home. Upon arrival, police heard screams coming from the basement. They stopped halfway down the stairs and found the ex-boyfriend pointing a rifle at the floor. Officers observed a strange look on the subject’s face as he slowly raised the rifle in their direction. Both officers fired their weapons, killing the suspect. The rifle was not loaded.
A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin® for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

INTRODUCTION
5-Loxin is a novel Boswellia serrata extract enriched with 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. A 90-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.


METHODS
Seventy-five OA patients were included in the study. The patients received either 100 mg (n = 25) or 250 mg (n = 25) of 5-Loxin daily or a placebo (n = 25) for 90 days. Each patient was evaluated for pain and physical functions by using the standard tools (visual analog scale, Lequesne's Functional Index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) at the baseline (day 0), and at days 7, 30, 60 and 90. Additionally, the cartilage degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-3 was also evaluated in synovial fluid from OA patients. Measurement of a battery of biochemical parameters in serum and haematological parameters, and urine analysis were performed to evaluate the safety of 5-Loxin in OA patients.


RESULTS
Seventy patients completed the study. At the end of the study, both doses of 5-Loxin conferred clinically and statistically significant improvements in pain scores and physical function scores in OA patients. Interestingly, significant improvements in pain score and functional ability were recorded in the treatment group supplemented with 250 mg 5-Loxin as early as 7 days after the start of treatment. Corroborating the improvements in pain scores in treatment groups, we also noted significant reduction in synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase-3. In comparison with placebo, the safety parameters were almost unchanged in the treatment groups.


CONCLUSION
5-Loxin reduces pain and improves physical functioning significantly in OA patients; and it is safe for human consumption. 5-Loxin may exert its beneficial effects by controlling inflammatory responses through reducing proinflammatory modulators, and it may improve joint health by reducing the enzymatic degradation of cartilage in OA patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
(


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN05212803.).