LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Coated mesalazine ( 5-aminosalicylic acid ) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis : a randomised trial

B infection interferon probably exerts its beneficial effect through the immune system, in chronic non-A non-B infection the interferon acts directly on the virus infected hepatocytes. These initial results are encouraging, and longer term study of these patients is being undertaken to see whether the histological picture of the liver improves in parallel to biochemical values and also whether the improvement persists after interferon has been discontinued. Preliminary studies suggest that, certainly in some patients, one year of continuous treatment may be successful in bringing about a permanent biochemical and histological remission.' Even if relapse does occur on stopping treatment, continuous low dose interferon, which is accompanied by comparatively minor side effects, may be an acceptable inconvenience in view of the high risk of cirrhosis that untreated patients run.term follow up of acute and chronic non-A non-B hepatitis: evidence of progression to liver cirrhosis. non-A non-B hepatitis with acyclovir: a pilot study. Treatment of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis with recombinant human alpha-interferon. Alpha-interferon therapy for non-A non-B hepatitis transmitted by gammaglobulin replacement therapy. male homosexual chronic hepatitis B carriers with HTLV-III antibodies to recombinant alpha-interferon. hepato vte membrane during recovery from acute hepatitis B virus infection and during interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection. delta hepatitis with recombinant human alpha-interferon [Abstract]. Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial D Rachmilewitz on behalf of an international study group professor ofmedicine and head ofdepartment The investigators making up the international study group are listed at the end of this paper. Abstract Objective-To assess the safety and efficacy of a preparation of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) coated with a pH dependent resin (Eudragit L) as compared with sulphasalazine in patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Design-Eight week randomised double blind parallel group study. Setting-Forty six gastroenterology outpatient clinics in seven countries. Patients-Two hundred and twenty patients aged 18-70 who met the following criteria: clinical activity index-6 and endoscopic index-4; no concomitant treatment for ulcerative colitis; no hypersensitivity to salicylates or sulphonamides. Of the 164 patients eligible for efficacy analysis, 87 received the coated preparation of mesalazine and 77 sulphasalazine. Most of the remaining patients (28 in each group) were ineligible for the efficacy analysis because of treatment with steroid enemas. All pretrial characteristics were comparable in the two treatment groups. Interventions-Coated mesalazine (Mesasal) 1-5 g daily or sulphasalazine 3 0 g daily …
The Motivation of Arsonists* ‐Reflections on Research and Practice

The offence of arson is examined within a very brief cultural and historical context; reference is made to the law and the size of the problem in the UK and elsewhere. Some typologies are put forward and proffered for improving understanding and management.
An open-label pilot study of homeopathic treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and youth.

BACKGROUND
An open-label pilot study of individualized homeopathy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was conducted to assess the potential for future studies with a focus on the feasibility of the recruitment plan and outcome measure schedules; identification of any group characteristics of participants who respond significantly to the therapy; and establishing the length of time required for an improvement in ADHD symptoms.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Participants (aged 6-16) were recruited through community advertisement and outreach. Participants completed 1 screening and 9 individualized homeopathic follow-up consultations. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners 3 - Parent Questionnaire administered at each consultation. The pre- and post-study difference in Conners Global Index - Parent (CGI-P) T-score was evaluated for each participant. Baseline data of those who showed a statistically significant improvement (responders) were compared to those who did not (non-responders).


RESULTS
35 participants were enrolled over 11 months. 80% completed all 10 consultations in a median of 12.1 months. 63% had a statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome, first occurring after a mean of 4.5 visits. Overall scores for participants completing at least 2 data points decreased from a baseline median of 85.5 to 74.0 (p < 0.001, CI 95%). There were no significant baseline differences between responders and non-responders. No serious adverse events related to the therapy were reported.


CONCLUSION
The change in the median CGI-P T-score from baseline to the end of this open-label pilot study was statistically significant. The research methods are feasible. Future studies are warranted.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01141634.
Right ventricular function, pulmonary pressure estimation, and clinical outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

BACKGROUND
Right ventricular function (RVF) is an important determinant of outcome in patients with heart failure, and those with severe RV dysfunction have worse outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We used data from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) Trial to determine whether therapy with CRT is influenced by or affects RV function and to define the relationship between RV function and outcomes.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 1820 patients were randomly assigned to CRT plus implantable cardioverter defibrillator or implantable cardioverter defibrillator-only in a 3:2 ratio. We assessed RVF as RV fractional area change by echocardiography at baseline and after 1 year of therapy (n=1511 and 1273, respectively). The median RV fractional area change was 41%, with 10.9% of patients <35% at baseline. Baseline RVF did not modify the treatment effect of CRT on the primary outcome (interaction P=0.19). Randomization to CRT-implantable cardioverter defibrillator was associated with a greater improvement in RVF (ΔRV fractional area change 8.1% versus 5.4%; P<0.001), and improvement in RVF was related to subsequent outcomes. Every 5-point increase in RV fractional area change was associated with a 22% reduction in event rates (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.92; P=0.003), although this was not independent of the concurrent improvement in left ventricular function. Baseline tricuspid regurgitant velocity, a measure of pulmonary systolic pressure, was predictive of events in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.8; P=0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
In this population with mild heart failure symptoms, CRT was associated with improvement in RVF, which improved in parallel with improvement in left ventricular function. Patients with the best RVF at 1 year demonstrated the lowest subsequent event rates.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01294449.
Patient- and delivery-level factors related to acceptance of HIV counseling and testing services among tuberculosis patients in South Africa: a qualitative study with community health workers and program managers

BACKGROUND
South Africa has a high tuberculosis (TB)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection rate of 73%, yet only 46% of TB patients are tested for HIV. To date, relatively little work has focused on understanding why TB patients may not accept effective services or participate in programs that are readily available in healthcare delivery systems. The objective of the study was to explore barriers to and facilitators of participation in HIV counseling and testing (HCT) among TB patients in the Free State Province, from the perspective of community health workers and program managers who offer services to patients on a daily basis. These two provider groups are positioned to alter the delivery of HCT services in order to improve patient participation and, ultimately, health outcomes.


METHODS
Group discussions and semistructured interviews were conducted with 40 lay counselors, 57 directly observed therapy (DOT) supporters, and 13 TB and HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) program managers in the Free State Province between September 2007 and March 2008. Sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.


RESULTS
The themes emerging from the focus group discussions and interviews included four main suggested barrier factors: (1) fears of HIV/AIDS, TB-HIV coinfection, death, and stigma; (2) perceived lack of confidentiality of HIV test results; (3) staff shortages and high workload; and (4) poor infrastructure to encourage, monitor, and deliver HCT. The four main facilitating factors emerging from the group and individual interviews were (1) encouragement and motivation by health workers, (2) alleviation of health worker shortages, (3) improved HCT training of professional and lay health workers, and (4) community outreach activities.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide insight into the relatively low acceptance rate of HCT services among TB patients from the perspective of two healthcare workforce groups that play an integral role in the delivery of effective health services and programs. Community health workers and program managers emphasized several patient- and delivery-level factors influencing acceptance of HCT services.
Click chemistry reactions in medicinal chemistry: applications of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and alkynes.

In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing need for rapid reactions that meet the three main criteria of an ideal synthesis: efficiency, versatility, and selectivity. Such reactions would allow medicinal chemistry to keep pace with the multitude of information derived from modern biological screening techniques. The present review describes one of these reactions, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click-reaction") between azides and alkynes catalyzed by copper (I) salts. The simplicity of this reaction and the ease of purification of the resulting products have opened new opportunities in generating vast arrays of compounds with biological potential. The present review will outline the accomplishments of this strategy achieved so far and outline some of medicinal chemistry applications in which click-chemistry might be relevant in the future.
Incidence and Predictors of First Line Antiretroviral Regimen Modification in Western Kenya

BACKGROUND
Limited antiretroviral treatment regimens in resource-limited settings require long-term sustainability of patients on the few available options. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) modifications, in an outpatient cohort of 955 patients who initiated cART between January 2009 and January 2011 in western Kenya.


METHODS
cART modification was defined as either first time single drug substitution or switch. Incidence rates were determined by Poisson regression and risk factor analysis assessed using multivariate Cox regression modeling.


RESULTS
Over a median follow-up period of 10.7 months, 178 (18.7%) patients modified regimens (incidence rate (IR); 18.6 per 100 person years [95% CI: 16.2-21.8]). Toxicity was the most common cited reason (66.3%). In adjusted multivariate Cox piecewise regression model, WHO disease stage III/IV (aHR; 1.82, 95%CI: 1.25-2.66), stavudine (d4T) use (aHR; 2.21 95%CI: 1.49-3.30) and increase in age (aHR; 1.02, 95%CI: 1.0-1.04) were associated with increased risk of treatment modification within the first year post-cART. Zidovudine (AZT) and tenofovir (TDF) use had a reduced risk for modification (aHR; 0.60 95%CI: 0.38-0.96 and aHR; 0.51 95%CI: 0.29-0.91 respectively). Beyond one year of treatment, d4T use (aHR; 2.75, 95% CI: 1.25-6.05), baseline CD4 counts ≤350 cells/mm3 (aHR; 2.45, 95%CI: 1.14-5.26), increase in age (aHR; 1.05 95%CI: 1.02-1.07) and high baseline weight >60kg aHR; 2.69 95% CI: 1.58-4.59) were associated with risk of cART modification.


CONCLUSIONS
Early treatment initiation at higher CD4 counts and avoiding d4T use may reduce treatment modification and subsequently improve sustainability of patients on the available limited options.
The minimal clinically important difference for Knee Society Clinical Rating System after total knee arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis

The Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KS) is one of the most popular tools used to assess patient outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but its minimal clinically important difference (MCID) has not been identified. This study aims to identify the MCID of KS function score (KS-FS) and knee score (KS-KS) after TKA in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. The authors retrospectively analysed patients who underwent TKA for primary knee osteoarthritis between 2005 and 2015 in a single institution. KS-FS, KS-KS, and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were collected pre-operatively and 2 years post-operatively. Patient satisfaction with TKA at 2 years was also collected. Anchor-based approach with 2 external indicators was used. The MCID for KS-FS and KS-KS was determined using simple linear regression according to patient satisfaction with TKA and the MCID of OKS. The mean age of the 550 subjects studied was 66 ± 8 years. There were 373 (67.8 %) female subjects. The KS-FS improved by 22.8 (95 % CI 20.9–24.6) points, and the KS-KS improved by 44.4 (95 % CI 42.6–46.3) points. The MCID identified for KS-FS is between 6.1 (95 % CI 5.1–7.1) and 6.4 (95 % CI 4.4–8.4) and between 5.3 (95 % CI 4.3–6.3) and 5.9 (95 % CI 3.9–7.8) for KS-KS. This is the first study, to the knowledge of the authors, to identify the MCID of KS. This will allow future trials to have an accurate prediction of sample size. Clinically, physicians will be able to better interpret outcomes of TKA studies to guide a treatment option. IV.
Hindlimb muscle anatomical mechanical advantage differs among joints and stride phases in basilisk lizards.

The vertebrate musculoskeletal system is composed of skeletal levers powered by muscles. Effective mechanical advantage (EMA) and muscle properties influence organismal performance at various tasks. Anatomical mechanical advantage (AMA) is a proxy for EMA that facilitates the study of preserved specimens when many muscles or many species are of interest. AMA is the quotient of in-lever to out-lever length, and quantifies the force-velocity trade-off of a lever, where high AMAs translate into high force, low velocity levers. We studied AMAs, physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs), fiber lengths, and fiber widths for 20 hindlimb muscles of the lizard Basiliscus vittatus, moving the hip, knee, and ankle during both the stance and swing phases of the stride. We tested the hypotheses that muscles moving proximal limb joints, and those active during stance, would have characteristics that maximize force. We also tested whether adults had more force-optimized levers than juveniles to compensate for higher body mass. We found no differences between adults and juveniles, but found differences among joints and between stride phases. AMAs were lowest and PCSAs highest for the knee, and PCSA was higher for stance than swing muscles. Fiber width decreased distally, but did not differ between stride phases. Fiber length of stance muscles decreased distally and was highest for swing muscles of the knee. Our findings show that different muscle and lever characteristics allow the knee to be both force- and velocity-optimized, indicating its important role in locomotion.
1D-local binary pattern based feature extraction for classification of epileptic EEG signals

In this paper, an effective approach for the feature extraction of raw Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by means of one-dimensional local binary pattern (1D-LBP) was presented. For the importance of making the right decision, the proposed method was performed to be able to get better features of the EEG signals. The proposed method was consisted of two stages: feature extraction by 1D-LBP and classification by classifier algorithms with features extracted. On the classification stage, the several machine learning methods were employed to uniform and non-uniform 1D-LBP features. The proposed method was also compared with other existing techniques in the literature to find out benchmark for an epileptic data set. The implementation results showed that the proposed technique could acquire high accuracy in classification of epileptic EEG signals. Also, the present paper is an attempt to develop a general-purpose feature extraction scheme, which can be utilized to extract features from different categories of EEG signals. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
TIKL: Development of a Wearable Vibrotactile Feedback Suit for Improved Human Motor Learning

When humans learn a new motor skill from a teacher, they learn using multiple channels. They receive high level information aurally about the skill, visual information about how another performs the skill, and at times, tactile information from the teacher's physical guidance. This research proposes a novel approach where the student receives real-time tactile feedback, simultaneously over all joints, delivered through a wearable robotic system. This tactile feedback can supplement the visual or auditory feedback from the teacher. Our results using a 5-DOF robotic suit show a 27% improvement in accuracy while performing the target motion, and an accelerated learning rate of up to 23%. We report both of these results with high statistical significance (p les 0.01). This research is intended for use in a diverse set of applications including sports training, motor rehabilitation after neurological damage, dance, postural retraining for health, and many others. We call this system tactile interaction for kinesthetic learning (TIKL).
Twenty Hirsch index variants and other indicators giving more or less preference to highly cited papers

– The Hirsch index or h-index is widely used to quantify the impact of an individual’s scientific research output, determining the highest number h of a scientist’s papers that received at least h citations. Several variants of the index have been proposed in order to give more or less preference to highly cited papers. I analyse the citation records of 26 physicists discussing various suggestions, in particular A, e, f, g, h(2), hw, hT, ħ, m, π, R, s, t, w, and maxprod. The total number of all and of all cited publications as well as the highest and the average number of citations are also compared. Advantages and disadvantages of these indices and indicators are discussed. Correlation coefficients are determined quantifying which indices and indicators yield similar and which yield more deviating rankings of the 26 datasets. For 6 datasets the determination of the indices and indicators is visualized.
Interval-level measurement with visual analogue scales in Internet-based research: VAS Generator.

The present article describes VAS Generator (www.vasgenerator.net), a free Web service for creating a wide range of visual analogue scales that can be used as measurement devices in Web surveys and Web experimentation, as well as for local computerized assessment. A step-by-step example for creating and implementing a visual analogue scale with visual feedback is given. VAS Generator and the scales it generates work independently of platforms and use the underlying languages HTML and JavaScript. Results from a validation study with 355 participants are reported and show that the scales generated with VAS Generator approximate an interval-scale level. In light of previous research on visual analogue versus categorical (e.g., radio button) scales in Internet-based research, we conclude that categorical scales only reach ordinal-scale level, and thus visual analogue scales are to be preferred whenever possible.
Impact of Fed Tapering Announcements on Emerging Markets

This paper analyzes market reactions to the 2013–14 Fed announcements relating to tapering of asset purchases and their relationship to macroeconomic fundamentals and country economic and financial structures. The study uses daily data on exchange rates, government bond yields, and stock prices for 21 emerging markets. It finds evidence of markets differentiating across countries around volatile episodes. Countries with stronger macroeconomic fundamentals, deeper financial markets, and a tighter macroprudential policy stance in the run-up to the tapering announcements experienced smaller currency depreciations and smaller increases in government bond yields. At the same time, there was less differentiation in the behavior of stock prices based on fundamentals. JEL Classification Numbers: F41, F42
Lip-Reading using Neural Networks

Student of Computer Science Engineering, Lingaya’s Institute of Mgt. & Tech., Faridabad, 121002 India †† Student of Computer Science Engineering, Lingaya’s Institute of Mgt. & Tech., Faridabad, 121002 India ††† Student of Computer Science Engineering, Lingaya’s Institute of Mgt. & Tech., Faridabad, 121002 India Faculty of Computer Science Engineering, Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, 121002 India Head of Computer Science Engineering Dept., Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, 121002 India
Correlated Cascades: Compete or Cooperate

In real world social networks, there are multiple cascades which are rarely independent. They usually compete or cooperate with each other. Motivated by the reinforcement theory in sociology we leverage the fact that adoption of a user to any behavior is modeled by the aggregation of behaviors of its neighbors. We use a multidimensional marked Hawkes process to model users product adoption and consequently spread of cascades in social networks. The resulting inference problem is proved to be convex and is solved in parallel by using the barrier method. The advantage of the proposed model is twofold; it models correlated cascades and also learns the latent diffusion network. Experimental results on synthetic and two real datasets gathered from Twitter, URL shortening and music streaming services, illustrate the superior performance of the proposed model over the alternatives. Introduction Social networks and virtual communities play a key role in today’s life. People share their thoughts, beliefs, opinions, news, and even their locations in social networks and engage in social interactions by commenting, liking, mentioning and following each other. This virtual world is an ideal place for studying social behaviors and spread of cultural norms (Vespignani 2012), contagion of diseases (Barabasi 2015), advertising and marketing (Valera and Rodriguez 2015) and estimating the culprit in malicious diffusions (Farajtabar et al. 2015a). Among them, the study of information diffusion or more generally dynamics on the network is of crucial importance and can be used in many applications. The trace of information diffusion, virus or infection spread, rumor propagation, and product adoption is usually called cascades. In conventional studies of diffusion networks, individual cascades are mostly considered in isolation, i.e., independent of each other (Rodriguez et al. 2015). However in realistic situations, they are rarely independent and can be competitive, when a URL shortening service become popular the others receive less attention; or cooperative, when usage of Google Play Music correlates with that of Youtube due to, for example, simultaneous arrival of new albums (Fig. 1). Modeling multiple cascades which are correlated to each other is a challenging problem. Considerable work have Copyright c © 2017, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. 0 200 400 600 Time (hr) 0 50