LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment with multimodal image-derived biomarkers and Multiple Kernel Learning

Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has drawn the attention of computer vision research community over the last few years. Several attempts have been made to adapt pattern recognition approaches to specific neuroimaging data such as Structural MRI (sMRI) for early AD diagnosis. One strategy is to boost the discrimination power of such approaches by integrating complementary imaging modalities in a single learning framework. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a new and promising modality giving complementary information to the anatomical MRI. However, including relevant DTI information from such modality is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose to extract local image-derived biomarkers from DTI and sMRI to construct multimodal AD signatures. To assess the relevance of such modalities as well as to optimize the classifier, we integrate complementary information using a Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) framework for AD subjects recognition. To evaluate our method, we perform experiments on a subset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Both T1-weighted MRI and Mean Diffusivity (MD) maps from the DTI modality of 45 AD patients, 52 Normal Control (NC) and 58 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) subjects have been used. The obtained results indicate that our multimodal approach yields significant improvement in accuracy over using each single modality independently. The classification accuracies obtained by the proposed method are 90.2%, 79.42% and 76.63% for respectively AD vs. NC, MCI vs. NC and AD vs. MCI binary classification problems. For the MCI classification problem, the proposed fusion framework leads to an average increase about at least 9% for the accuracy, 5% for the specificity and 15% for the sensitivity. & 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Amyloid β Protein and Alzheimer's Disease: When Computer Simulations Complement Experimental Studies.

Simulations Complement Experimental Studies Jessica Nasica-Labouze,† Phuong H. Nguyen,† Fabio Sterpone,† Olivia Berthoumieu,‡ Nicolae-Viorel Buchete, Seb́astien Cote,́ Alfonso De Simone, Andrew J. Doig, Peter Faller,‡ Angel Garcia, Alessandro Laio, Suan Li Mai, Simone Melchionna, Normand Mousseau, Yuguang Mu, Anant Paravastu, Samuela Pasquali,† David J. Rosenman, Birgit Strodel, Bogdan Tarus,† John H. Viles, Tong Zhang,†,▲ Chunyu Wang, and Philippe Derreumaux*,†,□ †Laboratoire de Biochimie Theórique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UPR9080 CNRS, Universite ́ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,́ 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France ‡LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, Universite ́ de Toulouse, Universite ́ Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077 Cedex 4, France School of Physics & Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Deṕartement de Physique and Groupe de recherche sur les proteínes membranaires (GEPROM), Universite ́ de Montreál, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreál, Queb́ec H3C 3T5, Canada Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Applied Physics, & Astronomy, and Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Instituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
The Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process in Panoramic Radiographs in Edentulous Patients

481 Abstract: It has been estimated that between 2% to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic evidence of elongated styloid process. In adults, the mean radiographic lenght of the styloid process is 20 to 30 mm and its tip is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, just lateral to the tonsillar fossa. Eagle’s syndrome occurs when an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament causes recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or facial pain. It may develop inflammatory changes or impinge on the adjacent arteries or sensory nerve endings, leading to the symptoms described.
Biomechanical validation of load-sharing rip-stop fixation for the repair of tissue-deficient rotator cuff tears.

BACKGROUND
Poor-quality tendon is one of the most difficult problems the surgeon must overcome in achieving secure fixation during rotator cuff repair. A load-sharing rip-stop construct (LSRS) has recently been proposed as a method for improving fixation strength, but the biomechanical properties of this construct have not yet been examined.


PURPOSE
To compare the strength of the LSRS construct to that of single-row fixation for rotator cuff repair.


STUDY DESIGN
Controlled laboratory study.


METHODS
Rotator cuff tears were created in 6 cadaveric matched-pair specimens and repaired with a single row or an LSRS. In the LSRS repair, a 2-mm suture tape was placed as an inverted mattress stitch in the rotator cuff, and sutures from 2 anchors were placed as simple stitches that passed medial to the suture tape. The suture tape limbs were secured with knotless anchors laterally before sutures were tied from the medial anchors. Displacement was observed with video tracking after cyclic loading, and specimens were loaded to failure.


RESULTS
The mean load to failure was 371 ± 102 N in single-row repairs compared with 616 ± 185 N in LSRS repairs (P = .031). There was no difference in displacement with cyclic loading between the groups (3.3 ± 0.8 mm vs. 3.5 ± 1.1 mm; P = .561). In the single-row group, 4 of 6 failures occurred at the suture-tendon interface. In the LSRS group, only 1 failure occurred at the suture-tendon interface.


CONCLUSION
The ultimate failure load of the LSRS construct for rotator cuff repair was 1.7 times that of a single-row construct in a cadaveric model.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The LSRS rotator cuff repair construct may be useful in the repair of difficult tears such as massive tears, medial tears, and tears with tendon loss.
On minimally b-imperfect graphs

A b-coloring is a coloring of the vertices of a graph such that each color class contains a vertex that has a neighbor in all other color classes. The b-chromatic number of a graph G is the largest integer k such that G admits a b-coloring with k colors. A graph is b-perfect if the b-chromatic number is equal to the chromatic number for every induced subgraph H of G. A graph is minimally b-imperfect if it is not b-perfect and every proper induced subgraph is b-perfect. We give a list F of minimally b-imperfect graphs, conjecture that a graph is b-perfect if and only if it does not contain a graph from this list as an induced subgraph, and prove this conjecture for several classes of graphs, namely diamond-free graphs, and graphs with chromatic number at most three.
A 0.5mW passive telemetry IC for biomedical applications

The radiated power received by a small coil in implantable telemetry systems is less than a milliwatt. This requires a very efficient RF to DC converter, as well as the lowest possible power consumption for the biomedical sensor and data acquisition/transmisson system. This paper describes the design of a BiCMOS integrated circuit that includes a low noise amplifier, a lowpass notch filter, an A/D converter, voltage doubler/rectifier as well as a low power voltage regulator. The entire system, including the 1.7kΩ MR bridge sensor, consumes only 520µW average power @3V.
Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery combined with saphenous vein ablation: results and critical analysis.

OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to determine the results of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) combined with ablation of superficial venous reflux.


METHODS
Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 74 consecutive limbs (65 patients) in which this combination treatment was performed at a university medical center. Preoperatively, 58 lower extremities had an open venous ulcer (CEAP clinical class 6 [C(6)]) and 16 had healed ulceration (C(5)). Preoperative and postoperative ulcer care remained constant. Main outcomes measured included perioperative complications, ulcer healing, and ulcer recurrence. Clinical severity and disability scores were tabulated before and after surgery. Mean patient follow-up was 44 months.


RESULTS
Greater saphenous vein (GSV) stripping and varicose vein excision accompanied SEPS in 57 limbs (77%), and SEPS was performed alone or with varicose vein excision in 17 limbs that had previously undergone GSV stripping. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 limbs (16%), all with C(6) disease (P =.04). Ulcer healing occurred in 91% (53 of 58) of limbs with C(6) disease at a mean of 2.9 months (range, 13 days-17 months). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ulcer healing was negatively affected by previous limb trauma (P =.011). Ulceration recurred in 4 limbs (6%) at 7, 20, 21, and 30 months, respectively. This was associated with a history of limb trauma (P =.027) and preoperative ultrasound evidence of GSV reflux combined with deep venous obstruction (P(R,O); P =.043). Clinical severity and disability scores improved significantly after surgery (both, P <.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Most venous ulcers treated with SEPS with ablation of superficial venous reflux heal rapidly and remain healed during medium-term follow-up. Ulcer healing is adversely affected by a history of severe limb trauma, and ulcer recurrence is similarly affected by a history of limb trauma in addition to superficial venous reflux combined with deep venous obstructive disease. Overall, there was marked improvement of postoperative clinical severity and disability scores compared with those obtained before surgery.
Multiple Structure-View Learning for Graph Classification

Many applications involve objects containing structure and rich content information, each describing different feature aspects of the object. Graph learning and classification is a common tool for handling such objects. To date, existing graph classification has been limited to the single-graph setting with each object being represented as one graph from a single structure-view. This inherently limits its use to the classification of complicated objects containing complex structures and uncertain labels. In this paper, we advance graph classification to handle multigraph learning for complicated objects from multiple structure views, where each object is represented as a bag containing several graphs and the label is only available for each graph bag but not individual graphs inside the bag. To learn such graph classification models, we propose a multistructure-view bag constrained learning (MSVBL) algorithm, which aims to explore substructure features across multiple structure views for learning. By enabling joint regularization across multiple structure views and enforcing labeling constraints at the bag and graph levels, MSVBL is able to discover the most effective substructure features across all structure views. Experiments and comparisons on real-world data sets validate and demonstrate the superior performance of MSVBL in representing complicated objects as multigraph for classification, e.g., MSVBL outperforms the state-of-the-art multiview graph classification and multiview multi-instance learning approaches.
How to Choose an Activation Function

We study the complexity problem in artificial feedforward neural networks designed to approximate real valued functions of several real variables; i.e., we estimate the number of neurons in a network required to ensure a given degree of approximation to every function in a given function class. We indicate how to construct networks with the indicated number of neurons evaluating standard activation functions. Our general theorem shows that the smoother the activation function, the better the rate of approximation.
Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review.

OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively review and critically evaluate literature examining gender differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


METHOD
A meta-analysis of relevant research based on 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria was performed. Domains evaluated included primary symptomatology, intellectual and academic functioning, comorbid behavior problems, social behavior, and family variables.


RESULTS
Gender differences were not found in impulsivity, academic performance, social functioning fine motor skills, parental education, or parental depression. However, compared with ADHD boys, ADHD girls displayed greater intellectual impairment, lower levels of hyperactivity, and lower rates of other externalizing behaviors; it was not possible to evaluate the extent to which referral bias affected these findings. Some gender differences were clearly mediated by the effects of referral source; among children with ADHD identified from nonreferred populations, girls with ADHD displayed lower levels of inattention, internalizing behavior, and peer aggression than boys with ADHD, while girls and boys with ADHD identified from clinic-referred samples displayed similar levels of impairment on these variables.


CONCLUSIONS
The need for future research examining gender differences in ADHD is strongly indicated, with attention to methodological limitations of the current literature, including the potential confounding effects of referral bias, comorbidity, developmental patterns, diagnostic procedures, and rater source.
Transistor Selection and Design of a VHF DC-DC Power Converter

This paper explores the design and performance of dc-dc power converters operating in the very high frequency (VHF, 30-300 MHz) range. Methods are presented for assessment and comparison of device losses in VHF operation under soft switching and soft gating conditions. These methods are applied to the development of a 2 W resonant boost converter operating at a switching frequency of 30 MHz. Design of the power stage, resonant gate drive, and control circuitry are treated in detail, and experimental results demonstrating the performance of the converter are presented.
Applied Attribute-based Encryption Schemes

The advent of new cryptographic methods in recent years also includes schemes related to functional encryption. Within these schemes Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) became the most popular, including ciphertext-policy and key-policy ABE. ABE and related schemes are widely discussed within the mathematical community. Unfortunately, there are only a few implementations circulating within the computer science and the applied cryptography community. Hence, it is very difficult to include these new cryptographic methods in real-world applications. This article gives an overview of existing implementations and elaborates on their value in specific cloud computing and IoT application scenarios. This also includes a summary of the additions the authors made to current implementations such as the introduction of dynamic attributes. Keywords—Attribute-based Encryption, Applied Cryptography, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing Security
HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission.

BACKGROUND
The effects of short-course antiretrovirals given to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on temporal patterns of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA in breast milk are not well defined.


METHODS
Women in Kenya received short-course zidovudine (ZDV), single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP), combination ZDV/sdNVP or short-course highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Breast milk samples were collected two to three times weekly for 4-6 weeks. HIV-1 DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Cell-free and cell-associated RNA levels were quantified by the Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay.


RESULTS
Cell-free HIV-1 RNA levels in breast milk were significantly suppressed by sdNVP, ZDV/sdNVP or HAART therapy compared with ZDV between day 3 and week 4 postpartum (P < or = 0.03). Breast milk HIV-1 DNA levels (infected cell levels) were not significantly different between treatment arms at any timepoint during the 4-6-week follow-up. At 3 weeks postpartum, when the difference in cell-free RNA levels was the greatest comparing HAART directly with ZDV (P = 0.0001), median log10 HIV-1 DNA copies per 1 x 10 cells were 2.78, 2.54, 2.69, and 2.31 in the ZDV, sdNVP, ZDV/sdNVP and HAART arms, respectively (P = 0.23). Cell-associated HIV-1 RNA levels were modestly suppressed in HAART versus ZDV/sdNVP during week 3 (3.37 versus 4.02, P = 0.04), as well as over time according to a linear mixed-effects model.


CONCLUSION
Cell-free and, to a lesser extent, cell-associated HIV-1 RNA levels in breast milk were suppressed by antiretroviral regimens used to prevent MTCT. However, even with HAART, there was no significant reduction in the reservoir of infected cells, which could contribute to breast milk HIV-1 transmission.
The effect of oxandrolone on the healing of chronic pressure ulcers in persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Anabolic steroids have been reported to improve wound healing.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether oxandrolone increases the percentage of target pressure ulcers (TPUs) that heal compared with placebo and whether healed ulcers remain closed 8 weeks after treatment.


DESIGN
Parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted from 1 August 2005 to 30 November 2008. Patients, clinical care providers, study personnel, and statisticians were blinded to treatment assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00101361).


SETTING
16 inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) services at Veterans Affairs medical centers.


PATIENTS
1900 prescreened, 779 screened, and 212 randomly assigned inpatients with SCI and stage III or IV TPUs.


INTERVENTION
Oxandrolone, 20 mg/d (n = 108), or placebo (n = 104) until the TPU healed or 24 weeks.


MEASUREMENTS
The primary outcome was healed TPUs. The secondary outcome was the percentage of TPUs that remained healed at 8-week follow-up.


RESULTS
24.1% (95% CI, 16.0% to 32.1%) of TPUs in oxandrolone recipients and 29.8% (CI, 21.0% to 38.6%) in placebo recipients healed (difference, -5.7 percentage points [CI, -17.5 to 6.8 percentage points]; P = 0.40). At 8-week follow-up, 16.7% (CI, 9.6% to 23.7%) of oxandrolone recipients and 15.4% (CI, 8.5% to 22.3%) of placebo recipients retained a healed TPU (difference, 1.3 percentage points [CI, -8.8 to 11.2 percentage points]; P = 0.70). No serious adverse events were related to oxandrolone. Liver enzyme levels were elevated in 32.4% (CI, 23.6% to 41.2%) of oxandrolone recipients and 2.9% (CI, 0.0% to 6.1%) of placebo recipients (P < 0.001).


LIMITATIONS
Selection of severe wounds may have reduced treatment response. Approximately one third of patients did not complete the study in the treatment and placebo groups. The study was terminated after a futility analysis showed a low probability of detecting a significant difference between the groups.


CONCLUSION
Oxandrolone showed no benefit over placebo for improving healing or the percentage of TPUs that remained closed after 8 weeks of treatment.


PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Bounds for the capacity of wireless multihop networks imposed by topology and demand

Existing work on the capacity of wireless networks predominantly considers homogeneous random networks with random work load. The most relevant bounds on the network capacity, e.g., take into account only the number of nodes and the area of the network. However, these bounds can significantly overestimate the achievable capacity in real world situations where network topology or traffic patterns often deviate from these simplistic assumptions. To provide analytically tractable yet asymptotically tight approximations of network capacity we propose a novel space-based approach. At the heart of our methodology lie simple functions which indicate the presence of active transmissions near any given location in the network and which constitute a tool well suited to untangle the interactions of simultaneous transmissions. We are able to provide capacity bounds which are tighter than the traditional ones and which involve topology and traffic patterns explicitly, e.g., through the length of Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree, or through traffic demands between clusters of nodes. As an additional novelty our results cover unicast, multicast and broadcast and are asymptotically tight. Notably, our capacity bounds are simple enough to require only knowledge of node location, and there is no need for solving or optimizing multi-variable equations in our approach.
Reflections on the International Context of Australia's Economic Boom

Australia's economic experiences are in keeping with other leading economies since the 1920s. Australia's economic boom was similar to that in other countries and was influenced by changes in their economies. Her economic boom is placed in the international arena so as to better explain the phenomenon, the important problems that developed within it and the constraints this placed on the economic management.