LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Multimedia Proxy Caching Mechanism for Quality Adaptive Streaming Applications in the Internet

The Internet has witnessed a rapid growth in deployment of Web-based streaming applications during recent years. I n these applications, server should be able to perform end-to-end con gestion control and quality adaptation to match the delivered stream quality to the average available bandwidth. Thus the delivered quality islimited by the bottleneck bandwidth on the path to the client. This paper proposes a proxy caching mechanism for layered-e ncoded multimedia streams in the Internet to maximize the delivered quality of popular streams to interested clients. The main challeng e is to replay a quality-variable cached stream while performing quality adaptation effectively in response to the variations in available bandwidth. We present a prefetching mechanism to support higher qualit y cached streams during subsequent playbacks and improve the qualit y of the cached stream with its popularity. We exploit inherent properties of multimedia streams to extend the semantics of popularity an d capture both level of interest among clients and usefulness of a laye r in the cache. We devise a fine-grain replacement algorithm suited for laye red-encoded streams. Our simulation results show that the interaction between the replacement algorithm and prefetching mechanism causes th e state of the cache to converge to an efficient state such that the quali ty of a cached stream is proportional to its popularity, and the variations in quality of a cached stream are inversely proportional to itspopularity. This implies that after serving several requests for a strea m, the proxy can effectively hide low bandwidth paths to the original ser ver from interested clients. Keywords— Multimedia Proxy Caching, Streaming Applications, Congestion Control, Quality Adaptation, Internet.
Ontological Engineering: Principles, Methods, Tools and Languages

In 1991, the DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort ([88], p. 37) envisioned a new way to build intelligent systems. It proposed the following: Building knowledge-based systems today usually entails constructing new knowledge bases from scratch. It could be instead done by assembling reusable components. System developers would then only need to worry about creating the specialized knowledge and reasoners new to the specific task of their system. This new system would interoperate with existing systems, using them to perform some of its reasoning. In
Sexually dimorphic brain volume interaction in college-aged binge drinkers

BACKGROUND
Binge consumption of alcohol is a major societal problem associated with important cognitive, physiological and neurotoxic consequences. Converging evidence highlights the need to assess binge drinking (BD) and its effects on the developing brain while taking into account gender differences. Here, we compared the brain volumetric differences between genders in college-aged binge drinkers and healthy volunteers.


METHOD
T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 30 binge drinkers (18 males) and 46 matched healthy volunteers (23 males) were examined using voxel-based morphometry. The anatomical scans were covaried with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Whole brain voxel-wise group comparisons were performed using a cluster extent threshold correction.


RESULTS
Several large clusters qualified with group-by-gender interactions were observed in prefrontal, striatal and medial temporal areas, whereby BD females had more volume than non-BD females, while males showed the inverse pattern of decreased volume in BD males and increased volume in non-BD males. AUDIT scores negatively correlated with volume in the right superior frontal cortex and precentral gyrus.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings dovetail with previous studies reporting that a state effect of BD in college-aged drinkers and the severity of alcohol use are associated with volumetric alterations in the cortical and subcortical areas of the brain. Our study indicates that these widespread volumetric changes vary differentially by gender, suggesting either sexual dimorphic endophenotypic risk factors, or differential neurotoxic sensitivities for males and females.
Combining nonlinear independent component analysis and neural network for the prediction of Asian stock market indexes

With the economic successes of several Asian economies and their increasingly important roles in the global financial market, the prediction of Asian stock markets has becoming a hot research area. As Asian stock markets are highly dynamic and exhibit wide variation, it may more realistic and practical that assumed the stock indexes of Asian stock markets are nonlinear mixture data. In this research, a time series prediction model by combining nonlinear independent component analysis (NLICA) and neural network is proposed to forecast Asian stock markets. NLICA is a novel feature extraction technique to find independent sources from observed nonlinear mixture data where no relevant data mixing mechanisms are available. In the proposed method, we first use NLICA to transform the input space composed of original time series data into the feature space consisting of independent components representing underlying information of the original data. Then, the ICs are served as the input variables of the neural network to build prediction model. Among the Asian stock markets, Japanese and China’s stock markets are the biggest two in Asia and they respectively represent the two types of stock markets. Therefore, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the Nikkei 225 closing index and Shanghai B-share closing index are used as illustrative examples. Experimental results show that the proposed forecasting model not only improves the prediction accuracy of the neural network approach but also outperforms the three comparison methods. The proposed stock index prediction model can be therefore a good alternative for Asian stock market indexes. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Cloud Resource Allocation Method Supporting Sudden and Urgent Demands

In most emergent circumstances, the information resources are not enough or not provided timely, which needs a comprehensive information technique to support rapid and sufficient resource provision. Cloud computing can promote rapid resource allocation, which provides a practical technical support for emergencies. Its key problem is how to guarantee the timeliness and optimization of resource allocation. This paper proposes a cloud resource allocation method supporting sudden and urgent demands, which can allocate various resources timely and optimally for urgent resource demands. This method rebuilds the new priorities of resource allocation in order to allocate resources earlier for urgent virtual machine requests. And a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is established, which sets the minimum performance match distance between virtual machines and physical machines and the minimum number of physical machines as the goals of resource allocation. Then, a multiple-objective optimization algorithm is used to solve this model. We conduct an experiment to exhibit our method. The initial experimental results show that our method has a certain advantage in reducing the number of the used physical machines and improving the resource utilization.
Performance Optimization of Microstrip Antenna Array Using Frequency Selective Surfaces

This paper presents the application of frequency selective surfaces in antenna arrays as an alternative to improve radiation parameters of the array. A microstrip antenna array between two FSS was proposed for application in WLAN and LTE 4G systems. Several parameters have been significantly improved, in particular the bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency, compared with a conventional array. Numerical and measured results are presented.
Effects of exercise training on conduit and resistance vessel function in treated and untreated hypercholesterolaemic subjects.

AIMS
Despite the importance of both lipid metabolism and physical activity to cardiovascular health, few studies have examined the effect of exercise training on vascular function in hypercholesterolaemic humans.


METHODS AND RESULTS
A randomized, cross-over design investigated the effect of 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on conduit and resistance vessel function in 11 untreated subjects with hypercholesterolaemia and 11 subjects taking lipid-lowering medication. High-resolution vascular ultrasonography following forearm ischaemia and glyceryl trinitrate administration determined conduit vessel endothelium-dependent and independent function. Strain-gauge plethysmography, with intra-aerial infusions of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, determined resistance vessel function. Flow-mediated dilation and the forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine improved significantly following training in the treated subgroup (both P<0.05) but not the untreated, although the blood flow response to N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine was augmented following training in the untreated subjects (P<0.05), indicating greater basal nitric oxide bioactivity. Training did not alter responsiveness to glyceryl trinitrate or sodium nitroprusside.


CONCLUSIONS
Combined aerobic and resistance training improves endothelium-dependent conduit and resistance vessel function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects taking lipid-lowering medications and basal nitric oxide bioactivity in untreated hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Exercise training may provide additional cardiovascular benefits for hypercholesterolaemic patients including those taking lipid-lowering medication.
Interpretable Explanations of Black Boxes by Meaningful Perturbation

As machine learning algorithms are increasingly applied to high impact yet high risk tasks, such as medical diagnosis or autonomous driving, it is critical that researchers can explain how such algorithms arrived at their predictions. In recent years, a number of image saliency methods have been developed to summarize where highly complex neural networks “look” in an image for evidence for their predictions. However, these techniques are limited by their heuristic nature and architectural constraints. In this paper, we make two main contributions: First, we propose a general framework for learning different kinds of explanations for any black box algorithm. Second, we specialise the framework to find the part of an image most responsible for a classifier decision. Unlike previous works, our method is model-agnostic and testable because it is grounded in explicit and interpretable image perturbations.
Medical and psychosocial effects of early discharge after surgery for breast cancer: randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the medical and psychosocial effects of early hospital discharge after surgery for breast cancer on complication rate, patient satisfaction, and psychosocial outcomes.


DESIGN
Randomised trial comparing discharge from hospital 4 days after surgery (with drain in situ) with discharge after drain removal (mean 9 days in hospital). Psychosocial measurements performed before surgery and 1 and 4 months after.


SETTING
General hospital and cancer clinic in Rotterdam with a socioeconomically diverse population.


SUBJECTS
125 women with operable breast cancer.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence of complications after surgery for breast cancer, patient satisfaction with treatment, and psychosocial effects of short stay or long stay in hospital.


RESULTS
Patient satisfaction with the short stay in hospital was high; only 4% (2/56 at 1 month after surgery and 2/52 at 4 months after surgery) of patients indicated that they would have preferred a longer stay. There were no significant differences in duration of drainage from the axilla between the short stay and long stay groups (median 8 v 9 days respectively, P=0.45) or the incidence of wound complications (10 patients v 9 patients). The median number of seroma aspirations per patient was higher for the long stay group (1 v 3.5, P=0.04). Leakage along the drain occurred more frequently in short stay patients (21 v 10 patients, P=0.04). The two groups did not differ in scores for psychosocial problems (uncertainty, anxiety, loneliness, disturbed sleep, loss of control, threat to self esteem), physical or psychological complaints, or in the coping strategies used. Before surgery, short stay patients scored higher on scales of depression (P=0.03) and after surgery they were more likely to discuss their disease with their families (at 1 month P=0.004, at 4 months P=0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
Early discharge from hospital after surgery for breast cancer is safe and is well received by patients. Early discharge seems to enhance the opportunity for social support within the family.
Architecture and Control Algorithms for Combating Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Systems

Partial shading is a serious obstacle to the effective utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems since it can result in a significant degradation in the PV system output power. A PV system is organized as a series connection of PV modules, each module comprising a number of series-parallel connected PV cells. Backup PV cell employment and PV module reconfiguration techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of the PV system under the partial shading effects. However, these approaches are not very effective since they are costly in terms of their PV cell count and/or cell connectivity requirements. In contrast, this paper presents a cost-effective, reconfigurable PV module architecture with integrated switches in each PV cell. This paper also presents a dynamic programming algorithm to adaptively produce near-optimal reconfigurations of each PV module so as to maximize the PV system output power under any partial shading pattern. We implement a working prototype of reconfigurable PV module with 16 PV cells and confirm 45.2% output power level improvement. Using accurate PV cell models extracted from prototype measurement, we have demonstrated up to a factor of 2.36X output power improvement of a large-scale PV system comprised of three PV modules with 60 PV cells per module.
Refactoring Process Models in Large Process Repositories

With the increasing adoption of process-aware information systems (PAIS), large process model repositories have emerged. Over time respective models have to be re-aligned to the real-world business processes through customization or adaptation. This bears the risk that model redundancies are introduced and complexity is increased. If no continuous investment is made in keeping models simple, changes are becoming increasingly costly and error-prone. Though refactoring techniques are widely used in software engineering to address related problems, this does not yet constitute state-of-the art in business process management. Process designers either have to refactor process models by hand or cannot apply respective techniques at all. This paper proposes a set of behaviour-preserving techniques for refactoring large process repositories. This enables process designers to effectively deal with model complexity by making process models better understandable and easier to maintain.
Developmental toxicity of Citrus aurantium in rats.

BACKGROUND
Ephedra was commonly used in herbal products marketed for weight loss until safety concerns forced its removal from products. Even before the ban, manufacturers had begun to replace ephedra with other compounds, including Citrus aurantium, or bitter orange. The major component in the bitter orange extract is synephrine which is chemically similar to ephedrine. The purpose of this study was to determine if relatively pure synephrine or synephrine present as a constituent of a bitter orange extract produced developmental toxicity in rats.


METHOD
Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage with one of several different doses of synephrine from one of two different extracts. Caffeine was added to some doses. Animals were sacrificed on GD 21, and fetuses were examined for the presence of various developmental toxic endpoints.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
At doses up to 100 mg synephrine/kg body weight, there were no adverse effects on embryolethality, fetal weight, or incidences of gross, visceral, or skeletal abnormalities. There was a decrease in maternal weight at 50 mg synephrine/kg body weight when given as the 6% synephrine extract with 25 mg caffeine/kg body weight; there was also a decrease in maternal weight in the caffeine only group. This decrease in body weight may have been due to decreased food consumption which was also observed in these two groups. Overall, doses of up to 100 mg synephrine/kg body weight did not produce developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Spaces of well-being among young adults with physical disabilities transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare.

BACKGROUND
Youth with disabilities are at risk of poor health outcomes as they transition to adult healthcare. Although space and place play an important role in accessing healthcare little is known about the spatial aspects of youth's transition from pediatric to adult healthcare.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the spaces of well-being as youth with physical disabilities transition from pediatric to adult healthcare.


METHODS
This study draws on a qualitative design involving 63 in-depth interviews with young adults (n = 22), parents (n = 17), and clinicians (n = 24) involved in preparing young adults for transition. All participants were recruited from a pediatric rehabilitation hospital within a metropolitan area of Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach that was informed by the spaces of well-being framework.


RESULTS
The results highlight that within the 'spaces of capability' those with more disability-related complications and/or those using a mobility device encountered challenges in their transition to adult care. The 'spaces of security' influencing youth's well-being during their transition included: temporary (in)security while they were away at college, and health (in)security. Most of the focus on youth's transition included 'integrative spaces', which can enhance or hinder their well-being. Such spaces included: spatial (dis)connections (distance to access care), embeddedness (family and community), physical access, and distance. Meanwhile, therapeutic spaces involved having spaces that youth were satisfied with and enhanced their well-being as they transitioned to adult care.


CONCLUSIONS
In applying the spaces of well-being framework, the findings showed that youth had varied experiences regarding spaces of capability, security, integrative, and therapeutic spaces.
Identification of Soluble NH 2-Terminal Fragment of Glypican-3 as a Serological Marker for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

For detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis, serum -fetoprotein has been widely used, but its sensitivity has not been satisfactory, especially in small, well-differentiated HCC, and complementary serum marker has been clinically required. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan anchored to the plasma membrane, is a good candidate marker of HCC because it is an oncofetal protein overexpressed in HCC at both the mRNA and protein levels. In this study, we demonstrated that its NH2-terminal portion [soluble GPC3 (sGPC3)] is cleaved between Arg and Ser of GPC3 and that sGPC3 can be specifically detected in the sera of patients with HCC. Serum levels of sGPC3 were 4.84 8.91 ng/ml in HCC, significantly higher than the levels seen in liver cirrhosis (1.09 0.74 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and healthy controls (0.65 0.32 ng/ml; P < 0.001). In wellor moderately-differentiated HCC, sGPC3 was superior to -fetoprotein in sensitivity, and a combination measurement of both markers improved overall sensitivity from 50% to 72%. These results indicate that sGPC3 is a novel serological marker essential for the early detection of HCC.
Arabic Sentiment Analysis: A Survey

Most social media commentary in the Arabic language space is made using unstructured non-grammatical slang Arabic language, presenting complex challenges for sentiment analysis and opinion extraction of online commentary and micro blogging data in this important domain. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the important research works in the field of Arabic sentiment analysis. An in-depth qualitative analysis of the various features of the research works is carried out and a summary of objective findings is presented. We used smoothness analysis to evaluate the percentage error in the performance scores reported in the studies from their linearly-projected values (smoothness) which is an estimate of the influence of the different approaches used by the authors on the performance scores obtained. To solve a bounding issue with the data as it was reported, we modified existing logarithmic smoothing technique and applied it to pre-process the performance scores before the analysis. Our results from the analysis have been reported and interpreted for the various performance parameters: accuracy, precision, recall and F-score. Keywords—Arabic Sentiment Analysis; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; Smoothness Analysis
Monitoring Activities of Daily Living in Smart Homes: Understanding human behavior

Monitoring the activities of daily living (ADLs) and detection of deviations from previous patterns is crucial to assessing the ability of an elderly person to live independently in their community and in early detection of upcoming critical situations. "Aging in place" for an elderly person is one key element in ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies.
Results of 101 aneurysms treated with polyglycolic/polylactic acid microfilament nexus coils compared with historical controls treated with standard coils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Polyglycolic/polylactic acid (PGLA) addition to bare platinum coils is intended to reduce the reopening rate of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Nexus coils are standard complex platinum coils with interwoven PGLA microfilament threads. We present the clinical results of 101 intracranial aneurysms treated with Nexus coils.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Results of coiling of 101 aneurysms treated with Nexus coils were compared with our results of coiling of 120 aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC 10) and 115 with Trufill coils treated between May 2003 and December 2004 with the same treatment protocol. Rate of complications, mean aneurysmal volume, packing attenuation, incomplete aneurysmal occlusion at 6 months, and rates of retreatment were compared.


RESULTS
Initial occlusion in aneurysms treated with Nexus coils was (near) complete in 97 aneurysms and incomplete in 4 aneurysms. There were no permanent procedural complications (0/95 patients, 0%; 97.5% CI, 0.0% to 3.3%). Mean aneurysmal volume was 180.2 mm(3) (range, 5-1624 mm(3)). Mean packing was 19.4% (range, 7.5% to 38.9%). Six months' angiographic follow-up in 87 of 101 aneurysms showed incomplete occlusion in 14 (16%), and 12 (14%) of those had additional coiling. Mean packing of 19.4% of Nexus coils was significantly lower than 22.9% for GDC 10 and 29.7% for Trufill coils. Other clinical results were not significantly different.


CONCLUSION
In this series, PGLA microfilament Nexus coils were safe to use with clinical results comparable with those of standard platinum coils. This study gives additional evidence of the lack of beneficial effect of PGLA addition to reduce the reopening rate of coiled intracranial aneurysms.