LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Strong atom–field coupling for Bose–Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

An optical cavity enhances the interaction between atoms and light, and the rate of coherent atom–photon coupling can be made larger than all decoherence rates of the system. For single atoms, this ‘strong coupling regime’ of cavity quantum electrodynamics has been the subject of many experimental advances. Efforts have been made to control the coupling rate by trapping the atom and cooling it towards the motional ground state; the latter has been achieved in one dimension so far. For systems of many atoms, the three-dimensional ground state of motion is routinely achieved in atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). Although experiments combining BECs and optical cavities have been reported recently, coupling BECs to cavities that are in the strong-coupling regime for single atoms has remained an elusive goal. Here we report such an experiment, made possible by combining a fibre-based cavity with atom-chip technology. This enables single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with a simplified set-up and realizes the situation of many atoms in a cavity, each of which is identically and strongly coupled to the cavity mode. Moreover, the BEC can be positioned deterministically anywhere within the cavity and localized entirely within a single antinode of the standing-wave cavity field; we demonstrate that this gives rise to a controlled, tunable coupling rate. We study the heating rate caused by a cavity transmission measurement as a function of the coupling rate and find no measurable heating for strongly coupled BECs. The spectrum of the coupled atoms–cavity system, which we map out over a wide range of atom numbers and cavity–atom detunings, shows vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding 20 gigahertz, as well as an unpredicted additional splitting, which we attribute to the atomic hyperfine structure. We anticipate that the system will be suitable as a light–matter quantum interface for quantum information.
Safety and efficacy of fluticasone/formoterol combination therapy in adolescent and adult patients with mild-to-moderate asthma: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a new asthma therapy combining fluticasone propionate and formoterol fumarate (fluticasone/formoterol; flutiform®), administered twice daily (b.i.d.) via a single aerosol inhaler, compared with its individual components administered separately and placebo, in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma.


METHODS
Patients aged ≥ 12 years were evenly randomised to 12 weeks of treatment with fluticasone/formoterol (100/10 μg b.i.d.), fluticasone (100 μg b.i.d.), formoterol (10 μg b.i.d.), or placebo, in this double-blind, parallel group, multicentre study. The three co-primary endpoints were: a) change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) from morning pre-dose at baseline to pre-dose at week 12 for the comparison with formoterol; b) change in FEV(1) from morning pre-dose at baseline to 2 hours post-dose at week 12 for the comparison with fluticasone, and c) time to discontinuation due to lack of efficacy from baseline to week 12 for the comparison with placebo. Safety was assessed based on adverse events, clinical laboratory tests and vital sign evaluations.


RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were demonstrated for all the three co-primary endpoints. Fluticasone/formoterol combination therapy showed significantly greater improvements from baseline to end of study in the change in pre-dose FEV(1) compared with formoterol (Least Squares (LS) mean treatment difference: 0.101 L; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.002, 0.199; p = 0.045) and the change in pre-dose compared with 2 hours post-dose FEV(1) versus fluticasone (LS mean treatment difference: 0.200 L; 95% CI: 0.109, 0.292; p < 0.001). The time to discontinuation due to lack of efficacy was significantly longer for patients in the combination therapy group compared with those receiving placebo (p = 0.015). Overall, the results from multiple secondary endpoints assessing lung function, asthma symptoms, and rescue medication use supported the superior efficacy of the combination product compared with fluticasone, formoterol, and placebo. The fluticasone/formoterol combination therapy had a good safety and tolerability profile over the 12 week treatment period.


CONCLUSIONS
Fluticasone/formoterol had a good safety and tolerability profile and showed statistically superior efficacy for the three co-primary endpoints compared to fluticasone, formoterol, and placebo, in adolescents and adults with mild-to-moderate asthma. EudraCT number: 2007-002866-36; US NCT number: NCT00393991.
Influenza seasonality and predominant subtypes of influenza virus in Guangdong, China, 2004-2012.

BACKGROUND
Influenza surveillance is carried out in Guangdong province, southern China. A better understanding of influenza seasonality and predominant Subtypes of influenza virus in Guangdong can help to improve evidence-based prevention and control strategies for influenza in the future.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
THERE ARE THREE CATEGORIES OF INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE IN GUANGDONG: Influenza-like Illness (ILI) Outpatient Surveillance, ILI Outbreak Surveillance and Influenza Virus Surveillance. This paper summarizes collected influenza surveillance data from January 2004 to December 2012 in Guangdong province. Time series analysis and "peak analysis" were performed to estimate seasonality and temporal trends of influenza activity.


RESULTS
During the 9-year study period, a total of 37,571,582 outpatients had been recorded, in which 1,889,684 ILI cases had been reported. The provincial ILI visiting percentage peaked at 6-10%. A total of 107,115 respiratory specimens of ILI outpatients were collected, 17,454 (16.29%) of them tested for influenza virus were positive. Influenza virus peaks appeared in summer mostly with a median epidemic duration of 6 months. A total of 925 outbreaks recorded and 45,322 cases in which were affected. The majority of reported outbreaks (832 outbreaks, 90%) occurred in institutional settings.


CONCLUSIONS
Influenza circulates periodically every year in Guangdong. Influenza activity had strong and clear seasonality with epidemic periods in summer for last decade. The presence of local unique seasonal pattern and its changes emphasizes the need to optimize timing of influenza vaccine delivery and other public health interventions.
Group Decision Making 1 Group Decision Making

Authors’ Notes This chapter was written with the support of grants from the National Science Foundation to the first (SBR-9730822) and third (BCS-9905397) authors. Support to the second author was provided by the Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research 11610096 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The chapter was completed while the third author held a National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks Air Force Base. Direct correspondence to R. Scott Tindale, Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60626 – or via e-mail: rtindal@luc.edu.
Fostering Transformative Points of Connection: An Examination of the Role of Personal Storytelling in Two Undergraduate Social Diversity Courses

................................................................................................................ xi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xxiii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xxiv CHAPTER
Responsiveness of the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire to disability change: a longitudinal study

BACKGROUND
Responsiveness, defined as the ability to detect a meaningful change, is a core psychometric property of an instrument measuring quality of life (QoL) rarely reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the responsiveness of the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaire to change in disability over 24 months, defined by change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score.


METHODS
Patients with MS were enrolled into a multicenter, longitudinal observational study. QoL was assessed using both the MusiQoL and the 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) instruments at baseline and every 6 months thereafter up to month 24; neurological assessments, including EDSS score, were performed at each evaluation.


RESULTS
The 24-month EDSS was available for 524 patients. In the 107 worsened patients, two specific dimensions of MusiQoL, the sentimental and sexual life and the relationships with health care system dimensions, and 'physical' scores of SF-36 showed responsiveness.


CONCLUSIONS
Whereas specific dimensions of MusiQoL identified EDSS changes, the MusiQoL index did not detect disability changes in worsened MS patients in a 24-month observational study. Future responsiveness validation studies should include longer follow-up and more representative samples.
A review and evaluation of methods estimating ego-motion

If a visual observer moves through an environment, the patterns of light that impinge its retina vary leading to changes in sensed brightness. Spatial shifts of brightness patterns in the 2D image over time are called optic flow. In contrast to optic flow visual motion fields denote the displacement of 3D scene points projected onto the camera’s sensor surface. For translational and rotational movement through a rigid scene parametric models of visual motion fields have been defined. Besides ego-motion these models provide access to relative depth, and both ego-motion and depth information is useful for visual navigation. In the past 30 years methods for ego-motion estimation based on models of visual motion fields have been developed. In this review we identify five core optimization constraints which are used by 13 methods together with different optimization techniques. In the literature methods for ego-motion estimation typically have been evaluated by using an error measure which tests only a specific ego-motion. Furthermore, most simulation studies used only a Gaussian noise model. Unlike, we test multiple types and instances of ego-motion. One type is a fixating ego-motion, another type is a curve-linear ego-motion. Based on simulations we study properties like statistical bias, consistency, variability of depths, and the robustness of the methods with respect to a Gaussian or outlier noise model. In order to achieve an improvement of estimates for noisy visual motion fields, part of the 13 methods are combined with techniques for robust estimation like m-functions or RANSAC. Furthermore, a realistic scenario of a stereo image sequence has been generated and used to evaluate methods of ego-motion estimation provided by estimated optic flow and depth information. 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Integrated care for asthma: a clinical, social, and economic evaluation. Grampian Asthma Study of Integrated Care (GRASSIC)

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate integrated care for asthma in clinical, social, and economic terms.


DESIGN
Pragmatic randomised trial.


SETTING
Hospital outpatient clinics and general practices throughout the north east of Scotland.


PATIENTS
712 adults attending hospital outpatient clinics with a diagnosis of asthma confirmed by a chest physician and pulmonary function reversibility of at least 20%.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Use of bronchodilators and inhaled and oral steroids; number of general practice consultations and hospital admissions for asthma; sleep disturbance and other restrictions on normal activity; psychological aspects of health including perceived asthma control; patient satisfaction; and financial costs.


RESULTS
After one year there were no significant overall differences between those patients receiving integrated asthma care and those receiving conventional outpatient care for any clinical or psychosocial outcome. For pulmonary function, forced expiratory volume was 76% of predicted for integrated care patients and 75% for conventional outpatients (95% confidence interval for difference -3.6% to 5.0%). Patients who had experienced integrated care were more likely to select it as their preferred course of future management (75% (251/333) v 62% (207/333) (6% to 20%)); they saved 39.52 pounds a year. This was largely because patients in conventional outpatient care consulted their general practitioner as many times as those in integrated care, who were not also visiting hospital.


CONCLUSION
Integrated care for moderately severe asthma patients is clinically as effective as conventional outpatient care, cost effective, and an attractive management option for patients, general practitioners, and hospital consultants.
Monetary Policy Pass-Through: Household Consumption and Voluntary Deleveraging

Do households benefit from expansionary monetary policy? We investigate how indebted households’consumption and saving decisions are affected by anticipated changes in monthly interest payments. We focus on borrowers with adjustable rate mortgages originated between 2005 and 2007 featuring an automatic reset of the interest rate after five years. The monthly payment due from the average borrower falls by 52 percent ($900) upon reset, resulting in an increase in disposable income totaling tens of thousands of dollars over the remaining life of the mortgage. We uncover three patterns. First, the average household increases monthly car purchases by 40 percent ($150) upon reset. Second, this expansionary effect is attenuated by the borrowers’voluntary deleveraging, as a significant fraction of the increased income is deployed to accelerate debt repayment. Third, the marginal propensity to consume is significantly higher for low income and underwater borrowers. To complement these household-level findings, we employ county-level data to provide evidence that consumption responded more to a reduction in short-term interest rates in counties with a larger fraction of adjustable rate mortgage debt. Our results shed light on the income channel of monetary policy as well as the role of debt rigidity in reducing the effectiveness of monetary policy. ∗We thank Daron Acemoglu, Patrick Bolton, Luigi Guiso, Adam Guren, Tullio Jappelli, Chris Mayer, Claudio Michelacci, Emi Nakamura, Marco Pagano, Jonathan Parker, David Romer, Jón Steinsson, Suresh Sundaresan, Nancy Wallace, James Wilcox, Daniel Wolfenzon, Steve Zeldes, and seminar participants at the NBER Monetary Economics Fall meeting, Cornell University, University of Toronto, EIEF and Federico II University of Naples for helpful comments. We are grateful for financial support from the NBER Household Finance Grant. We also thank Katrina Evtimova, Jeremy Oldfather and Calvin Zhang for outstanding research assistance. All remaining errors are ours. The views in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve System. Di Maggio: Columbia Business School (email: mdimaggio@columbia.edu); Kermani: UC Berkeley (email: kermani@berkeley.edu); Ramcharan: Federal Reserve Board (email: rodney.ramcharan@frb.gov). Supplemental material can be found here.
A hybrid intrusion detection system design for computer network security

Intrusions detection systems (IDSs) are systems that try to detect attacks as they occur or after the attacks took place. IDSs collect network traffic information from some point on the network or computer system and then use this information to secure the network. Intrusion detection systems can be misuse-detection or anomaly detection based. Misuse-detection based IDSs can only detect known attacks whereas anomaly detection based IDSs can also detect new attacks by using heuristic methods. In this paper we propose a hybrid IDS by combining the two approaches in one system. The hybrid IDS is obtained by combining packet header anomaly detection (PHAD) and network traffic anomaly detection (NETAD) which are anomaly-based IDSs with the misuse-based IDS Snort which is an open-source project. The hybrid IDS obtained is evaluated using the MIT Lincoln Laboratories network traffic data (IDEVAL) as a testbed. Evaluation compares the number of attacks detected by misusebased IDS on its own, with the hybrid IDS obtained combining anomaly-based and misusebased IDSs and shows that the hybrid IDS is a more powerful system. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Plasma and synovial fluid inflammatory cytokine profiles in primary knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to compare inflammatory cytokine levels in primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls.


METHODS
A total of 32 knee OA patients and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. A multiplex immunoassay was utilized for 10 cytokines in plasma and synovial fluid.


RESULTS
Plasma IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 concentrations were significantly greater in knee OA patients than controls. Moreover, both plasma IL-4 and IL-6 were positively correlated with the radiographic severity of knee OA.


CONCLUSIONS
Plasma IL-4 and IL-6 may serve as biomarkers reflecting the severity of OA.
A production-inventory model under stock-dependent demand, Weibull distribution deterioration and shortage

In the present article, we establish two production inventory models (Model I and Model II) for deteriorating items when the demand rate depends on the instantaneous inventory level. The production rate depends not only on the stock level but also on the demand. In both the models, we consider the Weibull distribution deterioration. Model I is developed and solved without allowing shortages whereas Model II is developed and solved allowing shortages that are backlogged. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the solution procedure of the two models. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out.
A strategy analysis of realizing the real prosperity of domestic knowledge and information market

Information has become the most important resources in the human society development. However, behind the surface prosperity, there are many problems in the domestic knowledge and information market. In this paper, based on some of these problems, some strategies are put forward to achieve the real prosperity of domestic knowledge and information market.
MATERNAL AND FOETAL OUTCOME IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION: A STUDY FROM RURAL TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN INDIA

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia have been recognized as clinical entities since the times of Hippocrates. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the commonest disorders associated with the increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. It is reported in the world literature that the incidence of eclampsia is on the decline, but still a menace in developing countries. Objectives: To study the maternal and foetal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension. Material and Methods: A prospective randomized study was carried out from February 2009 to January 2010 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, India. A total of 100 pregnant women with PIH were enrolled in the study. A pre-tested interview tool was used to collect necessary information such as detailed history, clinical examination findings and investigations performed. Results were analysed using SPSS 13.0 Results: In the present study, the overall incidence of PIH was 8.96%, which includes preeclampsia in 7.26% and eclampsia in 1.70%. Preterm labour was the commonest maternal obstetrical complication observed in 18% of mild PIH and 48% of severe PIH cases. Prematurity was the commonest foetal complication seen in 17.99%, 47.62% and 52.63% of mild PIH, severe PIH and Eclampsia cases respectively. Conclusion: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a common medical disorder seen associated with pregnancy in the rural population, especially among young primigravidas, who remain unregistered during pregnancy. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early recognition and institutional management.
CREDIT RISK MODELS III: RECONCILIATION REDUCED – STRUCTURAL MODELS

In recent years, some papers have tried to bridge the gap between the two main approaches in credit risk modelling: structural and reduced form models. Based on incomplete information versions of standard structural models, they are able to obtain reduced form models in which the intensity of default is not given exogenously but determined endogenously within the model and it is a function of the firm’s characteristics and the level of information that investors posses. The key element to link both approaches lies in the model’s information assumptions. Using a specification of a structural model where investors do not have complete information about the dynamics of the processes which trigger the firm’s default, these models derive a cumulative rate of default consistent with a reduced form model. This paper pretends to be an introduction to this literature, providing some of the basic insights of the modelling structure and the main conclusion and results. JEL Codes:
S100B Serum Levels Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression.

BACKGROUND
There is an ongoing search for biomarkers in psychiatry, for example, as diagnostic tools or predictors of treatment response. The neurotrophic factor S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) has been discussed as a possible predictor of antidepressant response in patients with major depression, but also as a possible biomarker of an acute depressive state. The aim of the present study was to study the association of serum S100B levels with antidepressant treatment response and depression severity in melancholically depressed inpatients.


METHODS
After a wash-out period of 1 week, 40 inpatients with melancholic depression were treated with either venlafaxine or imipramine. S100B levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores were assessed at baseline, after 7 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months.


RESULTS
Patients with high S100B levels at baseline showed a markedly better treatment response defined as relative reduction in HAM-D scores than those with low baseline S100B levels after 7 weeks (P=.002) and 6 months (P=.003). In linear regression models, S100B was a significant predictor for treatment response at both time points. It is of interest to note that nonresponders were detected with a predictive value of 85% and a false negative rate of 7.5%. S100B levels were not associated with depression severity and did not change with clinical improvement.


CONCLUSIONS
Low S100B levels predict nonresponse to venlafaxine and imipramine with high precision. Future studies have to show which treatments are effective in patients with low levels of S100B so that this biomarker will help to reduce patients' burden of nonresponding to frequently used antidepressants.