LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Loss of Body Weight in Cord Blood Transplantation with Nutritional Support for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background and Objective: Patients may experience nutrition-related adverse events during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and long-term nutritional intervention was likely needed after cord blood transplantation (CBT) for HSCT due to the long engraftment period. Previous studies have examined nutritional therapy for HSCT but there has been no discussion of loss of body weight (LBW) for CBT patients on HSCT nutritional pathways or of the specific nutritional interventions used. The objective of this study was to identify the specific factors influencing LBW in this patient population and to evaluate the nutritional intervention implemented. Materials and Methods: Subjects in this retrospective exploratory pilot study were 15 patients who underwent CBT with nutritional support following the HSCT nutritional pathway at the Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Shizuoka Cancer Center, between 2008 and 2012. Correlations were assessed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between percent loss of body weight (%LBW) and bioelectrical impedance analysis results, nutrient intake and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as well as between continuous oral intake percentage and nutrition-related adverse events (severity score) and orally ingested calories. Spearman rank-order correlation was used to analyze severity scores. Data was also analyzed using JMP. Results: Body weight and skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly during follow-up. Percent LBW was correlated with percent loss of skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.89, p<0.001), total nutrient intake (calories: r = 0.69, p<0.001 and protein: r = 0.69, p = 0.02), orally ingested intake (calories: r = 0.53, p = 0.04 and protein: r = 0.60, p = 0.01) and intestinal acute GVHD (r = 0.63, p = 0.01). Continuous oral intake percentage was correlated with nutrition-related adverse events (severity score: r = 0.66, p<0.001) and orally ingested calories (r = !0.55, p<0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional complications are unavoidable factors influencing LBW in CBT patients on the HSCT nutritional pathway and early nutritional intervention is required. To attenuate LBW in these patients, the intensity of nutritional intervention should be adjusted based on severity scores for nutrition-related adverse events.
Risk Mitigation in Newsvendor Networks: Resource Diversification, Flexibility, Sharing, and Hedging

Technical Assumptions Clearly, V K must have an expected value; that is, it is a measurable and integrable function of for every K. Interchanging differentiation and integration requires conditions that bound the derivatives such as requiring that all functions are Lipschitz, as in the general conditions in Appendix A of Broadie and Glasserman (1996). In our setting all functions are concave and thus absolutely continuous on any compact subset of +, where its rightand left-hand partial derivatives exist (and thus are finite) and are monotone increasing. Let f K denote this vector of right-hand partial derivatives of a concave function f with respect to K. An absolutely continuous function f satisfies a Lipschitz condition if and only if f is bounded. Clearly, for a concave function, f K is bounded, and thus Lipschitz, on any compact subset in +. The only technical condition is to require finite derivatives also at 0 and and require a Lipschitz condition on the open set +:
About functions where function input describes inner working of the function

This paper argues an existence of a class of functions where function own input makes function description. That fact have impact to the wide spectrum of phenomena such as negative findings of Random Oracle Model in cryptography, complexity in some rules of cellular automata (Wolfram rule 30) and determinism in the true randomness to name just a few.
Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption: CT and radionuclide imaging.

PURPOSE
To compare CT and radionuclide imaging of osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption. To develop a quantitative method for imaging osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption and to see if iopamidol could be safely given intravenously in conjunction with blood-brain barrier disruption.


METHODS
Forty-five blood-brain barrier disruption procedures were imaged with CT and radionuclide scans. The scans were evaluated with visual and quantitative scales. Patients were observed for adverse effects after blood-brain barrier disruption.


RESULTS
There was a 4% rate of seizures in this study. There was good agreement between visual CT and radionuclide grading systems. Quantitative methods to grade disruption did not add useful information to visual interpretations.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonionic iodine-based contrast medium has a lower incidence of seizures when injected intravenously in conjunction with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption than ionic contrast material. Contrast-enhanced CT is the preferred method to image disruption because it has better spatial resolution than radionuclide techniques.
The relationship between major element chemistry and tectonic environment of basic and intermediate volcanic rocks

Abstract This work reports the preliminary results of a study of the relationship between tectonic environment and major element chemistry of volcanic rocks. Using a file of 8400 analyses of rocks of varying ages and geographic distribution it has been found that a simple ternary plot of MgO FeO(total) Al 2 O 3 may be used to distinguish five tectonic environments: ocean ridge and floor, ocean island, continental, orogenic, and spreading center island. Subalkaline “basaltic-andesites” (51–56% SiO 2 calculated anhydrous) are used in this study. Alkaline rocks do not generally show the simple patterns of tholeiitic or subalkaline rocks. The ocean island suite is bimodal with one mode tholeiitic and the other alkaline. A bimodal age/chemistry relationship in the continental suite is tentatively related to different conditions during and after active breaking up of continents (rifting and drifting stages). Most of the Archean rocks in our file generally do not fall in the orogenic field. It is unlikely that modern island arc models can be generally applied to Archean greenstone belts. Locally, however, there may be Archean rocks analogous in some respect to modern calc-alkali rocks.
Decreased cortical representation of genital somatosensory field after childhood sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE
Sexual dysfunction is a common clinical symptom in women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse. The precise mechanism that mediates this association remains poorly understood. The authors evaluated the relationship between the experience of childhood abuse and neuroplastic thinning of cortical fields, depending on the nature of the abusive experience.


METHOD
The authors used MRI-based cortical thickness analysis in 51 medically healthy adult women to test whether different forms of childhood abuse were associated with cortical thinning in areas critical to the perception and processing of specific behavior implicated in the type of abuse.


RESULTS
Exposure to childhood sexual abuse was specifically associated with pronounced cortical thinning in the genital representation field of the primary somatosensory cortex. In contrast, emotional abuse was associated with cortical thinning in regions relevant to self-awareness and self-evaluation.


CONCLUSIONS
Neural plasticity during development appears to result in cortical adaptation that may shield a child from the sensory processing of the specific abusive experience by altering cortical representation fields in a regionally highly specific manner. Such plastic reorganization may be protective for the child living under abusive conditions, but it may underlie the development of behavioral problems, such as sexual dysfunction, later in life.
Effect of Glycemic Control on Chylomicron Metabolism and Correlation between Postprandial Metabolism of Plasma Glucose and Chylomicron in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Basal-bolus Insulin Therapy with or without Vildagliptin

AIM
Glucagon-like peptide-1 can reduce both postprandial plasma glucose (PG) and chylomicron (CM) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there have been no reports regarding the relationship between the postprandial metabolism of PG and CM.


METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted for glycemic control were randomized to insulin alone (Ins; n=16) or insulin plus vildagliptin 100 mg (InsV; n=16) groups. The insulin dose was adjusted to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The daily profiles of serum TG, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemL-C), and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) were estimated by frequent blood collection on admission and before discharge, and the daily glucose fluctuation profile was also estimated using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) before discharge.


RESULTS
The daily profiles of serum TG and RemL-C indicated a significant decrease before discharge compared with on admission; however, no significant changes in serum ApoB48 levels were observed in either group. At discharge, daily glucose fluctuation profile and the change in the serum ApoB48 level from fasting to the peak of the daily profile was significantly smaller in the InsV group than in the Ins group. The increment of serum ApoB48 level was significantly correlated with the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions calculated using CGM data only in the Ins group (R2= 0.5242,P＜0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term glycemic control decreased serum TG and RemL-C levels, but not ApoB48 levels, and the postprandial metabolism of PG and CM might be regulated by the same mechanism except GLP-1 effect.
Readability assessment for text simplification: From analysing documents to identifying sentential simplifications

Readability assessment can play a role in the evaluation of a simplification algorithm as well as in the identification of what to simplify. While some previous research used traditional readability formulas to evaluate text simplification, there is little research into the utility of readability assessment for identifying and analyzing sentence level targets for text simplification. We explore this aspect in our paper by first constructing a readability model that is generalizable across corpora and across genres and later adapting this model to make sentencelevel readability judgments. We start with experiments establishing that the readability model integrating a broad range of linguistic features works well at a document level, performing on par with the best systems on a standard test corpus. The model then is confirmed to be portable to different text genres. Moving from documents to sentences, we investigate the model’s ability to correctly identify the difference in reading level between a sentence and its human simplified version. We conclude that readability models can be useful for identifying simplification targets for human writers and for evaluating machine generated simplifications.
Adaptive steering control of a farm tractor with varying yaw rate properties

This paper presents a novel application of a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system to control the lateral position of a farm tractor tracking a straight path. Farm tractors can be configured with various implements, and the tractor yaw rate dynamics vary with each implement. It is desired that the lateral position response of the farm tractor remain consistent with respect to different implement configurations. Therefore, a MRAC system is implemented on the farm tractor to compensate for yaw rate plant variations by adapting the feed-forward yaw rate controller. Simulation results of the algorithm are shown that display poor performance due to neglected steering actuator dynamics and saturation. Modifications are made to the algorithm to account for the steering actuator properties, and more simulated results are presented that display ideal performance. Finally, the MRAC algorithm is implemented on a John Deere 8420 farm tractor, and experimental results are presented. C © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Effect of Two Exercise Programs on Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Dementia: A 9-Week Randomized, Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effects of two exercise programs on proxy- and performance-based measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) and to explore potential motor and cognitive mediators underlying ADL improvements in individuals with dementia.


DESIGN
A parallel, three-group, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
Psychogeriatric wards.


PARTICIPANTS
Individuals with dementia (mean age 85.6 ± 5.1).


INTERVENTIONS
Each 9-week intervention consisted of thirty-six 30-minute sessions. A combined group (n = 35) participated in two strength and two walking sessions, an aerobic group (n = 35) participated in four walking sessions, and a social control group (n = 35) participated in four nonexercise social visits per week. The social group was used as a reference for the mediation analysis, which was performed in the combined and aerobic groups.


MEASUREMENTS
ADLs were assessed using the Katz index (proxy-reported ADL performance), Erlangen-ADL test (E-ADL) (instrumental ADL performance), and 7-item Physical Performance Test (PPT-7) (physical ADL performance).


RESULTS
There was a group effect for Katz index (P = .02), E-ADL (P < .001), and PPT-7 (P = .003). Differences from baseline to after the intervention were similar in the combined and aerobic groups. Exercise-induced changes in global cognition mediated changes in Katz index (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05-0.41), leg muscle strength mediated changes in E-ADL (95% CI = 0.03-0.43), and leg muscle strength (95% CI = 0.01-0.36) and walking endurance (95% CI = 0.01-0.43) mediated changes in PPT-7 only in the combined group.


CONCLUSION
Physical exercise can improve ADL levels in individuals with dementia, but improvements are small and seem independent of exercise type. Additional analyses suggest that combined aerobic and strength exercise may be more effective than aerobic-only exercise to effectively target ADL dysfunction in individuals with dementia. Future research is warranted to justify these exercise-specific findings.
Generalized network design problems

Network design problems consist of identifying an optimal subgraph of a graph, subject to side constraints. In generalized network design problems, the vertex set is partitioned into clusters and the feasibility conditions are expressed in terms of the clusters. Several applications of generalized network design problems arise in the fields of telecommunications, transportation and biology. The aim of this review article is to formally define generalized network design problems, to study their properties and to provide some applications.
Does regular standing improve bowel function in people with spinal cord injury? A randomised crossover trial

Study Design:A randomised crossover trial.Objectives:To determine the effects of a 6-week standing programme on bowel function in people with spinal cord injury.Setting:Community, Australia and the United Kingdom.Methods:Twenty community-dwelling people with motor complete spinal cord injury above T8 participated in a 16-week trial. The trial consisted of a 6-week stand phase and a 6-week no-stand phase separated by a 4-week washout period. Participants were randomised to one of two treatment sequences. Participants allocated to the Treatment First group stood on a tilt table for 30 min per session, five times per week for 6 weeks and then did not stand for the next 10 weeks. Participants allocated to the Control First group did the opposite: they did not stand for 10 weeks and then stood for 6 weeks. Participants in both groups received routine bowel care throughout the 16-week trial. Assessments occurred at weeks 0, 7, 10 and 17 corresponding with pre and post stand and no-stand phases. The primary outcome was Time to First Stool. There were seven secondary outcomes reflecting other aspects of bowel function and spasticity.Results:There were three dropouts leaving complete data sets on 17 participants. The mean (95% confidence interval) between-intervention difference for Time to First Stool was 0 min (−7 to 7) indicating no effect of regular standing on Time to First Stool.Conclusion:Regular standing does not reduce Time to First Stool. Further trials are required to test the veracity of some commonly held assumptions about the benefits of regular standing for bowel function.
An assertional proof for a construction of an atomic variable

Abstract.The paper proves by assertional means the correctness of a construction of Haldar and Subramanian of an atomic shared variable for one writer and one reader. This construction uses four unsafe variables and four safe boolean variables. Assignment to a safe but nonatomic variable is modelled as a repetition of random assignments concluded by an actual assignment. The proof obligation consists of four invariants. These are proved using 25 auxiliary invariants. The proof has been constructed and verified with the theorem prover NQTHM.
Increased performance of single-chamber microbial fuel cells using an improved cathode structure

Maximum power densities by air-driven microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considerably influenced by cathode performance. We show here that application of successive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layers (DLs), on a carbon/PTFE base layer, to the air-side of the cathode in a single chamber MFC significantly improved coulombic efficiencies (CEs), maximum power densities, and reduced water loss (through the cathode). Electrochemical tests using carbon cloth electrodes coated with different numbers of DLs indicated an optimum increase in the cathode potential of 117 mV with four-DLs, compared to a <10 mV increase due to the carbon base layer alone. In MFC tests, four-DLs was also found to be the optimum number of coatings, resulting in a 171% increase in the CE (from 19.1% to 32%), a 42% increase in the maximum power density (from 538 to 766 mW m ), and measurable water loss was prevented. The increase in CE due is believed to result from the increased power output and the increased operation time (due to a reduction in aerobic degradation of substrate sustained by oxygen diffusion through the cathode). 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Clinical Outcomes of Impending Nasal Skin Necrosis Related to Nose and Nasolabial Fold Augmentation with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers.

BACKGROUND
Although there are several case reports of facial skin ischemia/necrosis caused by hyaluronic acid filler injections, no systematic study of the clinical outcomes of a series of cases with this complication has been reported.


METHODS
The authors report a study of 20 consecutive patients who developed impending nasal skin necrosis as a primary concern, after nose and/or nasolabial fold augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers. The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes and the risk factors for this complication using case-control analysis.


RESULTS
Seven patients (35 percent) developed full skin necrosis, and 13 patients (65 percent) recovered fully after combination treatment with hyaluronidase. Although the two groups had similar age, sex, filler injection sites, and treatment for the complication, 85 percent of the patients in the full skin necrosis group were late presenters who did not receive the combination treatment with hyaluronidase within 2 days after the vascular complication first appeared. In contrast, just 15 percent of the patients in the full recovery group were late presenters (p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
Nose and nasolabial fold augmentations with hyaluronic acid fillers can lead to impending nasal skin necrosis, possibly caused by intravascular embolism and/or extravascular compression. The key for preventing the skin ischemia from progressing to necrosis is to identify and treat the ischemia as early as possible. Early (<2 days) combination treatment with hyaluronidase is associated with the full resolution of the complication.


CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, IV.
Facial biohashing based user-device physical unclonable function for bring your own device security

Bring your own device (BYOD) is gaining popularity. Using multifarious personal devices in the workplace to perform work-related tasks brings new challenges to trust and privacy management. Existing authentication schemes usually target at user or device separately, while the BYOD system needs to ensure that only the authorized user with the trusted devices can be given access. This paper presents a novel biohashing based user-device physical unclonable function (UD PUF) to provide a bipartite authentication of both user and device for the BYOD system. Biometric features are extracted as user identity while PUF endows the device with an inseparable and unclonable “fingerprint”. Biohashing acts as an intermediary between these two incoherent macroscopic biometric and microscopic silicon entropy sources for security enhancement. The concept is demonstrated using a 64 × 64 image sensor PUF simulated in 180nm 3.3 V CMOS technology, and the ORL and yale databases of faces. Our preliminary experimental results showed that a genuine (user, device, challenge) combination exhibits a very low equal error rate of 0.032, and tampering of any elements of the tuple will cause the hamming distance between the “live” and enrolled templates to have nearly random distribution.
No benefit of adjuvant Fluorouracil Leucovorin chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cancer of the rectum (LARC): Long term results of a randomized trial (I-CNR-RT).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACT-RT). The study was funded by the Italian National Research Council (CNR).


METHODS
From September 1992 to January 2001, 655 patients with LARC (clinically T3-4, any N) treated with NACT-RT and surgery, were randomized in two arms: follow-up (Arm A) or 6 cycles of ACT with 5 fluorouracil (5FU)-Folinic Acid (Arm B). NACT-RT consisted of 45Gy/28/ff concurrent with 5FU (350mg/sqm) and Folinic Acid (20mg/sqm) on days 1-5 and 29-33; surgery was performed after 4-6weeks. Median follow up was 63·7months. Primary end point was overall survival (OS).


RESULTS
634/655 patients were evaluable (Arm A 310, Arm B 324); 92·5% of Arm A and 91% of Arm B patients received the preoperative treatment as in the protocol; 294 patients of Arm A (94·8%) and 296 of Arm B (91·3%) underwent a radical resection; complete pathologic response and overall downstaging rates did not show any significant difference in the two arms. 83/297 (28%) patients in Arm B, never started ACT. Five year OS and DFS did not show any significant difference in the two treatment arms. Distant metastases occurred in 62 patients (21%) in Arm A and in 58 (19·6%) in Arm B.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with LARC treated with NACT-RT, the addition of ACT did not improve 5year OS and DFS and had no impact on the distant metastasis rate.