LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Systematic investigation of the effect of lyophilizate collapse on pharmaceutically relevant proteins, part 2: stability during storage at elevated temperatures.

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of lyophilizate collapse on the stability of freeze-dried protein pharmaceuticals. In the first part of this study, it was shown that collapse has no negative impact either on the properties of the freeze-dried cake or on protein stability [Schersch K, Betz O, Garidel P, Muehlau S, Bassarab S, Winter G. 2010. J Pharm Sci 99(5):2256-2278]. In order to further investigate the effect of collapse, its impact on lyophilizate's long-term stability during storage at various temperatures was evaluated at 2°C-8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 50°C for up to 6 months. Collapsed and noncollapsed lyophilizates of identical formulation and comparable residual moisture levels containing the following proteins were investigated: (1) a monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody, (2) tissue-type plasminogen activator, and (3) the sensitive model protein l-lactic dehydrogenase. Protein stability was monitored using a comprehensive set of analytical techniques assessing the formation of soluble and insoluble aggregates, the biological activity, and the protein conformation. The properties of the freeze-dried cake--namely, the glass transition temperature, excipient crystallinity, reconstitution behavior, and the residual moisture content, were analyzed as well. Full protein stability in collapsed cakes was observed, and even enhanced protein stability was detected in collapsed cakes with regard to key stability-indicating parameters.
A Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering Method for Trajectory-Based Unusual Video Event Detection

The proposed unusual video event detection method is based on unsupervised clustering of object trajectories, which are modeled by hidden Markov models (HMM). The novelty of the method includes a dynamic hierarchical process incorporated in the trajectory clustering algorithm to prevent model overfitting and a 2-depth greedy search strategy for efficient clustering.
Petrology and depositional evolution of the Paleozoic rocks of Iraq

Abstract The study integrates petrographical and lithological data from deep exploration wells and outcrops in northern Iraq to better understand the sedimentary environments present in the basin and to evaluate the depositional evolution of the Paleozoic rocks in Iraq. The studied Paleozoic successions are represented by five sedimentary cycles of intracratonic sequences. These are dominated mainly by siliciclastic and mixed sedimentary packages, and are separated by major and minor unconformity surfaces. These cycles are as follow: the Ordovician cycle, represented by the Khabour Formation; the Silurian cycle, represented by the Akkas Formation; the Middle-Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Chalki, Pirispiki, Kaista, Ora and Harur formations; the Permian–Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Ga’ara Formation and late Permian cycle, represented by the Chia Zairi Formation. Generally, the cycles are characterized by siliciclastic and mixed carbonate–clastic facies with abrupt changes during Late Paleozoic reflecting the environmental and tectonic events during this period. The Ordovician Khabour Formation is suggested to be of shallow marine environment of deposition with stacked transgressive and regressive cycles that are eustatically controlled. The shale of Silurian Akkas Formation was deposited in open-marine environment. Depositional regimes in the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous are considered as a continuation of deposition in the subsiding basin with a wide geographic distribution that reflect the epicontinental or epeiric seas in a homoclinic ramp setting. The Permo-Carboniferous Ga’ara Formation was deposited in continental to paralic environment while the Late Permian Chia Zairi Formation represents the carbonate platform deposition. The study revealed that potential source rocks may include some shale beds of the Khabour Formation, hot shales of Akkas Formation and the shales of Ora Formation. The sandstones of the Khabour, Akkas and Kaista formations have good reservoir potential. The Late Permian carbonates of Chia Zairi Formation may be self-sourcing and contain multiple reservoirs. The occurrence of shale as source rocks and limestone as reservoir rocks and some evaporates as sealing horizons make the formation as a reservoir in its own right.
Filter bubbles and fake news

The results of the 2016 Brexit referendum in the U.K. and presidential election in the U.S. surprised pollsters and traditional media alike, and social media is now being blamed in part for creating echo chambers that encouraged the spread of fake news that influenced voters.
2 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT : PRACTICE AND OUTCOMES

The application of Total Quality Management practices has been rapidly increasing in U.S. organizations over the past 6 years, particularly in organizations facing severe competitive pressures. A survey of the 1000 largest companies shows that these practices fall into two main categories: core practices and production-oriented practices. Companies perceive benefit in three areas: improvement of work performance, company competitiveness and profitability, and employee outcomes. Service organizations experience these benefits primarily from implementing core practices more extensively. Competitiveness and profitability in manufacturing organizations is positively impacted by the implementation of the production-oriented practices. Results of analysis on financial outcomes suggest that core practices are positively related to marketshare for manufacturing companies. Production oriented practices are positively related to return on equity and collaboration with suppliers in quality efforts is positively related to total factor productivity index for all companies.
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Issues Associated With Oral Anticancer Drugs and Effect on Drug Market

Since the past decade, drug shortage is becoming the major concern for pharmaceutical markets and it is even more in case of anticancer drugs [1,2]. Comparatively very less number of anticancer drugs is available in the current markets and various factors affecting shortage can be attributed to every stage such as drug discovery, development, conducting clinical trials and design of generic drugs. Professional health care organizations such as ASCO, ASHP and federal agencies such as FDA also stated that drug shortage will have strong negative impact on oncology [1,2].These limitations are found at higher levels especially in oral anticancer drugs because of their bioavailability issues.
A randomized comparison of modified intermediate-dose Ara-C versus high-dose ara-c in post-remission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND
We conducted a prospective, multicenter cooperative study to compare two courses of modified intermediate-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) (mIDAC; Ara-C at a dose of 1.0 g/m(2) every 12 hours for 5 days) versus high-dose Ara-C (HDAC; Ara-C at a dose of 2.0 g/m(2) every 12 hours for 5 days) in post-remission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to confirm the post-remission antileukemic efficacy and safety of mIDAC.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-six newly diagnosed patients with AML underwent remission induction therapy consisted of behenoyl Ara-C, mitoxantrone, etoposide, and 6-mercaptopurine. Post-remission therapy included four courses of consolidation and four courses of intensification. Patients who achieved complete remission (CR) were randomly assigned to mIDAC or HDAC for the second course of consolidation. The third course of intensification was the same as the second course of consolidation. Other post-remission therapies were the same in each group.


RESULTS
Twenty-two patients (84.6%) achieved CR and 21 patients were randomly assigned to receive either mIDAC (n=11) or HDAC (n=10). The predicted 4-year relapse-free survival for the mIDAC group and for the HDAC group were 49% and 56%, respectively (p=0.86). Although HDAC developed severe leukocytopenia compared to mIDAC, there were no significant differences between HDAC and mIDAC in the incidence of ≥grade 3 and ≥grade 4 documented infections. The mean lowest white blood cell count (WBC) after HDAC was significantly lower than that after mIDAC (0.208±0.120×10(3)/mm(3) and 0.459±0.333×10(3)/mm(3), respectively, p<0.05). The time to WBC recovery to 2.0×10(3)/mm(3) after HDAC was significantly longer than that after mIDAC (34.3±12.1 days and 27.1±9.5 days, respectively, p<0.05).


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that mIDAC may have an equivalent post-remission antileukemic efficacy to HDAC with less myelosuppression for AML patients.
Incidental vocabulary acquisition from an authentic novel : Do Things Fall Apart ?

Nation (2006) has calculated that second language (L2) learners require much more vocabulary than previously thought to be functional with language (e.g., 8,000–9,000 word families to read independently). This level is far beyond the highest graded reader, and would be difficult to explicitly teach. One way for learners to be exposed to midfrequency vocabulary is to read authentic materials. The original A Clockwork Orange study (Saragi, Nation, & Meister, 1978) showed impressive amounts of incidental vocabulary learning with first language (L1) readers, but subsequent studies with L2 learners (using graded readers or simplified materials) showed only modest gains. This study explores the degree to which relatively advanced L2 readers can acquire spelling, word class, and recognition and recall of meaning from reading the unmodified authentic novel Things Fall Apart. After more than 10 exposures, the meaning and spelling could be recognized for 84% and 76% of the words respectively, while the meaning and word class could be recalled for 55% and 63%.
On Dirichlet Series for Sums of Squares

Hardy and Wright (An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th edn., Oxford, 1979) recorded elegant closed forms for the generating functions of the divisor functions σk (n) and σ 2 k (n) in the terms of Riemann Zeta function ζ (s) only. In this paper, we explore other arithmetical functions enjoying this remarkable property. In Theorem 2.1 below, we are able to generalize the above result and prove that if fi and gi are completely multiplicative, then we have ∞ ∑ n=1 ( f1 ∗ g1)(n) · ( f2 ∗ g2)(n) ns = L f1 f2 (s)Lg1g2 (s)L f1g2 (s)Lg1 f2 (s) L f1 f2g1g2 (2s) where L f (s) := ∑∞ n=1 f (n)n−s is the Dirichlet series corresponding to f . Let rN (n) be the number of solutions of x2 1 + · · · + x2 N = n and r2,P (n) be the number of solutions of x2 + Py2 = n. One of the applications of Theorem 2.1 is to obtain closed forms, in terms of ζ (s) and Dirichlet L-functions, for the generating functions of rN (n), r2 N (n), r2,P (n) and r2,P (n) 2 for certain N and P . We also use these generating functions to obtain asymptotic estimates of the average values for each function for which we obtain a Dirichlet series.
Teacher-centered and/or Student-centered Learning:English Language in Iran

This paper reports on research findings on leaner-centered approach compared to teacher-centered approach in teaching English grammar as a foreign language in Iranian high school context. It shows the need for grammar instruction in English language classes when roughly all education efforts are bottom-up explicit approach. One could compare and contrast these two learning approaches and try to evaluate the effectiveness of them. To this end, a cohort of 60 male homogeneous students at a junior high school in Tabriz, Iran participated in this study. All participants were native speakers of Azerbaijani and Persian aged around 16. There were two classes, including 30 students in each group (class) who were assigned to the control and experimental group. The experimental group received a treatment in passive-active voice, followed by a grammar preand post-test. All the tests consisted of multiple-choice, cloze, and fill-in-blanks, which were administered to study the homogeneity in their grammar knowledge over one month, and the results were compared. Two groups were observed, namely the control group (group A) or teacher-centered and the experimental group (group B) or student-centered. This experimental study also comprised classroom observations and teacher interview. When the students are given the opportunity to merge input in what they learn and how they learn, academic achievements and comprehension occur. The results support the implementation of teacher-centered process for the purpose of developing grammar knowledge of Iranian EFL learners. English classes cannot fulfill the learners’ needs on communication. The findings suggest the need for explicit teaching of grammar rules and their use through communicative tasks.
ArteFill: a long-lasting injectable wrinkle filler material--summary of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration trials and a progress report on 4- to 5-year outcomes.

ArteFill, the successor product to Artecoll, is an injectable wrinkle filler composed of polymethylmethacrylate microspheres and bovine collagen, which offers long-lasting and probably permanent augmentation of wrinkles and skin contour deformities. The pivotal U.S. Food and Drug Administration study consisted of 251 subjects at eight centers in the United States who received injections of ArteFill or bovine collagen dermal filler (control) in 1334 wrinkles of the glabella, nasolabial folds, radial upper lip lines, and corners of the mouth. The efficacy data generated by masked observers using a photographic Facial Fold Assessment Scale demonstrated a significant improvement with ArteFill compared with collagen at 6 months (p < 0.001) in the nasolabial folds. In the ArteFill group, 12-month follow-up was obtained for 111 subjects (86.7 percent) and showed persistence of significant wrinkle correction. A subgroup of 69 patients who received ArteFill were recalled 4 to 5 years later. Five patients reported six late adverse events that occurred from 2 to 5 years after the initial injection; four of the adverse events were mild cases of lumpiness and two were severe. The total number of late adverse events was six of 272 (2.2 percent) wrinkles injected. Among the 272 wrinkles evaluated at 5 years, two events (0.7 percent) in one patient were rated as severe (a nodular, minimally inflammatory to noninflammatory reaction in both nasolabial folds). Investigator Facial Fold Assessment ratings at 4 to 5 years were improved from baseline by 1.67 points (p < 0.001).
Miniature Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Resonator-Embedded Dual-Mode Resonator Based on Source-Load Coupling

A novel miniature microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) using resonator-embedded dual-mode resonator is proposed. Two transmission zeros are created to improve the selectivity of the filter. Furthermore, source-load capacitive coupling is introduced to create a transmission zero above the passband. A 2.28 GHz BPF with 300 MHz bandwidth is designed and measured, the measured result agrees well with the simulation. The size of the filter is less than 0.21 ¿ × 0.15 ¿, where ¿ is guided wavelength at the central frequency.
Risk and risk management in software projects: A reassessment

0164-1212/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.059 E-mail address: paul.bannerman@nicta.com.au Controlling risk in software projects is considered to be a major contributor to project success. This paper reconsiders the status of risk and risk management in the literature and practice. The analysis is supported by a study of risk practices in government agencies in an Australian State, contributing to a gap in research in the public sector. It is found that risk is narrowly conceived in research, and risk management is under-performed in practice. The findings challenge some conventional conceptions of risk management and project management. For example, it was found that software projects do not conform to a uniform structure, as assumed in much of the literature. This introduces variations in the risk and project management challenges they face. Findings also suggest that formal project management is neither necessary nor sufficient for project success. It is concluded that risk management research lags the needs of practice, and risk management as practiced lags the prescriptions of research. Implications and directions for future research and practice are discussed. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Preoperative topical antimicrobial decolonization in head and neck surgery.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after head and neck surgery. Our primary objective was to determine the efficacy of preoperative topical antimicrobial decolonization before head and neck surgery.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, randomized controlled trial.


METHODS
This study was conducted among 84 patients presenting for head and neck surgery requiring admission to an academic medical center. Preoperative cultures were performed to identify Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Patients were randomized to preoperative topical antimicrobial decolonization with a 5-day regimen of chlorhexidine skin rinses and intranasal mupirocin coupled with standard perioperative systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis, versus standard prophylaxis alone. The main outcome was the incidence of SSIs.


RESULTS
Despite a trend suggesting a decrease in SSIs with perioperative topical antimicrobial decolonization (24% vs. 10%), there was no significant difference (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-1.18; P = .079). Patients with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (3 vs. 1; P = .02), with more operative blood loss (P = .05), and who required operative takeback (P = .04) had a higher rate of SSIs; there was a trend suggesting a higher rate of SSIs among patients undergoing clean-contaminated surgery compared to clean cases (P = .08) and among those having received prior radiation (P = .07) or chemotherapy (P = .06).


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative antimicrobial decolonization did not significantly decrease the incidence of SSIs after head and neck surgery, but might be considered for high-risk groups despite the lack of conclusive evidence confirming efficacy. Risk factors for SSIs after head and neck surgery are identified for the first time in a prospective study.
Upper body contributions to power generation during rapid, overhand throwing in humans.

High-speed and accurate throwing is a distinctive human behavior. Achieving fast projectile speeds during throwing requires a combination of elastic energy storage at the shoulder, as well as the transfer of kinetic energy from proximal body segments to distal segments. However, the biomechanical bases of these mechanisms are not completely understood. We used inverse dynamics analyses of kinematic data from 20 baseball players fitted with four different braces that inhibit specific motions to test a model of power generation at key joints during the throwing motion. We found that most of the work produced during throwing is generated at the hips, and much of this work (combined with smaller contributions from the pectoralis major) is used to load elastic elements in the shoulder and power the rapid acceleration of the projectile. Despite rapid angular velocities at the elbow and wrist, the restrictions confirm that much of the power generated to produce these distal movements comes from larger proximal segments, such as the shoulder and torso. Wrist hyperextension enhances performance only modestly. Together, our data also suggest that heavy reliance on elastic energy storage may help explain some common throwing injuries and can provide further insight into the evolution of the upper body and when our ancestors first developed the ability to produce high-speed throws.
Performance analysis on agriculture ontology using SPARQL query system

Ontologies are used to represent domain knowledge with help of object, their behaviour and properties. This paper represents web enabled approach on agriculture semantic web using SPARQL and specified tools to increase productivity of farmers. This work focuses on assessment of query optimization tools and results predicted from them to determine the suitability of each method for different users where structured ontologies are used as querying aids for agriculture based dataset.
Silent reflux: ex juvantibus criteria for diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal disorders.

CONCLUSIONS
Some primary laryngeal pathologies with specific clinical presentation may be related to silent laryngeal reflux. An ex adjuvantibus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment may be helpful for showing evidence of such a hidden laryngeal disorder.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the validity of PPI as an ex adjuvantibus criterion for diagnosis and treatment of suspected reflux-associated laryngitis.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty patients with clinical suspicion of laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (LPR) were identified on the grounds of laryngeal symptoms (dysphonia, cough, globus sensation, increased throat clearing, bad taste, and laryngeal spasm), laryngeal features (arytenoid edema/erythema, partial or total vocal fold erythema, and posterior glottic edema) with or without gastro-esophageal reflux disorder (GERD). They were consequently subdivided in three groups: type I, with LPR symptoms and features without GERD; type II with LPR symptoms and features with GERD; and type III with LPR features only. Types I and III were randomly treated with omeprazole (group A) or with immunostimulating vaccine (group B) for 3 months. Pre- and post-treatment laryngeal features and symptoms in all groups were evaluated by laryngo-stroboscopy and analyzed for statistical correlation.


RESULTS
All omeprazole-treated patients showed improvement of laryngeal features and symptoms. With PPI treatment, a more significant improvement was noticed with respect to nonspecific immunostimulant therapy. Also, patients without LPR symptoms showed improvement of laryngeal features.