LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of children presenting with a suspicion or allegation of historic sexual abuse.

INTRODUCTION
Police-recorded sexual offences against children and young people (CYP) increased 85% in the UK between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Many children delay disclosure, but little data are available regarding characteristics of CYP presenting with historic child sexual abuse (CSA).


AIM
To identify the clinical and CSA-related characteristics of CYP presenting with a suspicion or allegation of historic CSA.


METHOD
Data were collected on all CYP<17 years presenting with suspected or alleged historic CSA (ie, >3 days since last sexual assault in prepubertal children, >7 days pubertal girls) between October 2009 and November 2014.


DATA COLLECTED
source and indication for referral, alleged perpetrator, physical findings. Findings supportive of CSA were peer reviewed for consensus agreement.


ANALYSIS
χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression.


RESULTS
Among 249 CYP, presentation with physical/behavioural symptoms was associated with age <13 years (p<0.01), and alleged penetration with ages 13-17 years (p<0.01). Where known, time since alleged CSA ranged from 1 week to 13 months. Anogenital findings supportive of CSA were present in 7% of examined children (16/233), significantly associated with alleged penetration (p<0.01) and more likely with increasing age (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.72). Additionally, where tested, sexually transmitted infections (STI) were detected in 2.6% CYP (3/116). Alleged perpetrators were intrafamilial in 66% (126/190). No associations were identified between perpetrator type and gender (p=1.0), age (p=0.7) or indication for referral (p=0.35).


CONCLUSIONS
Despite significant time delay since the alleged CSA, this study highlights the persistence of anogenital findings supportive of CSA in 7% and STIs in 2.6% of CYP.
Maximal Clique Based Distributed Coalition Formation for Task Allocation in Large-Scale Multi-agent Systems

We present a fully distributed algorithm for coalition formation among autonomous agents. The algorithm is based on two main ideas. One is a distributed computation of maximal cliques (of bounded sizes) in the underlying graph that captures the interconnection communication topology of the agents. Hence, given the current configuration of the agents, the coalitions that are formed are characterized by a high degree of connectivity, and therefore a high fault tolerance with respect to the subsequent node and/or link failures. The second idea is that each agent chooses its most preferable coalition based on how highly the agent values each such coalition in terms of the coalition members’ combined resources or capabilities. Coalitions with sufficient resources for fulfilling highly desirable tasks are preferable to the coalitions with resources that suffice only for completing less valuable tasks. We envision variants of our distributed algorithm presented herein to prove themselves useful coordination subroutines in many massively multi-agent system applications where the agents may repeatedly need to form temporary groups or coalitions of modest sizes in an efficient, online and fully distributed manner.
Object Petri Nets: Using the Nets-within-Nets Paradigm

The nets-within-nets paradigm provides an innovative modelling technique by giving tokens themselves the structure of a Petri net. These nets, called token nets or object nets, also support the object oriented modelling technique as they may represent real world objects with a proper dynamical behaviour. Between object nets and the surrounding net, called system net, various interaction mechanisms exist as well as between different object nets. This introduction into the field of object Petri nets starts with small examples and proceeds by giving formal semantics. Some of the examples are modelled within the formalism of the Renew tool. Finally the differences between reference and two kinds of value semantics are discussed. 1 Nets within Nets Tokens in a Petri net place can be interpreted as objects. In place/transition nets (P/T nets), in most cases these objects represent resources or indicate the state of control. More complex objects are modelled by typed tokens in coloured Petri nets. Object-oriented modelling, however, means that software is designed as the interaction of discrete objects, incorporating both data structure and behaviour [1]. From a Petri net point of view it is quite natural to represent such objects by tokens, that are nets again. We denote this approach as the “nets-within-nets paradigm”. In many applications objects not only belong to a specific environment but are also able to switch to a different one. Examples of such objects are agents, including the classical meaning of persons belonging to a secrete service, as well as software modules in the context of agent-oriented programming. In Fig. 1a) the current environment of agent X is denoted as “location A”, which may be a logical state or a physical site. The arrow represents a possible transition to location B. A structurally similar situation is given with a mobile computer switching between “security environments” A and B (Fig. 1b). In Fig. 2a) the object is a task to be executed on a machine A together with a plan for the execution procedure. As before, they can move to machine B. Finally, in Fig. 2b) a workflow is with an employee A, moving to employee B afterwards. Note, that in all of these examples, also the internal state of the object is changed when J. Desel, W. Reisig, and G. Rozenberg (Eds.): ACPN 2003, LNCS 3098, pp. 819–848, 2004. c © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004
Attitudes and beliefs of an albino population toward sun avoidance: advice and services provided by an outreach albino clinic in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE
To determine an albino population's expectations from an outreach albino clinic, understanding of skin cancer risk, and attitudes toward sun protection behavior.


DESIGN
Survey, June 1, 1997, to September 30, 1997.


SETTING
Outreach albino clinics in Tanzania.


PARTICIPANTS
All albinos 13 years and older and accompanying adults of younger children attending clinics. Unaccompanied children younger than 13 years and those too sick to answer questions were excluded. Ninety-four questionnaires were completed in 5 villages, with a 100% response rate.


INTERVENTIONS
Interview-based questionnaire with scoring system for pictures depicting poorly sun-protected albinos.


RESULTS
The most common reasons for attending the clinic were health education and skin examination. Thirteen respondents (14%) believed albinism was inherited; it was more common to believe in superstitious causes of albinism than inheritance. Seventy-three respondents (78%) believed skin cancer was preventable, and 60 (63%) believed skin cancer was related to the sun. Seventy-two subjects (77%) thought sunscreen provided protection from the sun; 9 (10%) also applied it at night. Reasons for not wearing sun-protective clothing included fashion, culture, and heat. The hats provided were thought to have too soft a brim, to shrink, and to be ridiculed. Suggestions for additional clinic services centered on education and employment. Albinos who had read the educational booklet had no better understanding of sun avoidance than those who had not (P =.49).


CONCLUSIONS
There was a reasonable understanding of risks of skin cancer and sun-avoidance methods. Clinical advice was often not followed for cultural reasons. The hats provided were unsuitable, and there was some confusion about the use of sunscreen. A lack of understanding of the cause of albinism led to many superstitions.
Motion-based analysis and segmentation of image sequences using 3-D scene models

In this paper we present an algorithm for automatic extraction and tracking of multiple objects from a video sequence. Our approach is model-based in the sense that we first use a robust structure-from-motion algorithm to identify multiple objects and to recover initial 3-D shape models. Then, these models are used to identify and track the objects over multiple frames of the video sequence. The procedure starts with recovering a dense depth map of the scene using two frames at the beginning of the sequence, and representing the scene as a 3-D wire-frame computed from the depth map. Texture extracted from the video frames is mapped onto the model. Once the initial models are available we use a linear and low complexity algorithm to recover the motion parameters and scene structure of the objects for the subsequent frames. Combining the new estimates of depth and the initially computed 3-D models into an unstructured set of 3-D points with associated color information, we obtain updates of the 3-D scene description for each additional frame. We show that the usage of a 3-D scene model is suitable to analyze complex scenes with several objects. In our experimental results, we apply the approach presented in this paper to the problem of video sequence segmentation, object tracking, and video object plane (VOP) generation. We separate the video sequences into different layers of depth and combine the information from multiple frames to a compact and complete description of these layers.
A genome-wide association study of caffeine-related sleep disturbance: confirmation of a role for a common variant in the adenosine receptor.

OBJECTIVES
To identify common genetic variants that predispose to caffeine-induced insomnia and to test whether genes whose expression changes in the presence of caffeine are enriched for association with caffeine-induced insomnia.


DESIGN
A hypothesis-free, genome-wide association study.


SETTING
Community-based sample of Australian twins from the Australian Twin Registry.


PARTICIPANTS
After removal of individuals who said that they do not drink coffee, a total of 2,402 individuals from 1,470 families in the Australian Twin Registry provided both phenotype and genotype information.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
A dichotomized scale based on whether participants reported ever or never experiencing caffeine-induced insomnia. A factor score based on responses to a number of questions regarding normal sleep habits was included as a covariate in the analysis. More than 2 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with caffeine-induced insomnia. No SNPs reached the genome-wide significance threshold. In the analysis that did not include the insomnia factor score as a covariate, the most significant SNP identified was an intronic SNP in the PRIMA1 gene (P = 1.4 × 10⁻⁶, odds ratio = 0.68 [0.53 - 0.89]). An intergenic SNP near the GBP4 gene on chromosome 1 was the most significant upon inclusion of the insomnia factor score into the model (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁶, odds ratio = 0.70 [0.62 - 0.78]). A previously identified association with a polymorphism in the ADORA2A gene was replicated.


CONCLUSIONS
Several genes have been identified in the study as potentially influencing caffeine-induced insomnia. They will require replication in another sample. The results may have implications for understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying insomnia.
Evaluation of the asthma control questionnaire validated for use in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether the Portuguese version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) is a valid instrument to measure asthma control in adult outpatients in Brazil.


METHODS
We selected 278 outpatients diagnosed with asthma. All of the patients completed the questionnaire, underwent spirometry and were clinically evaluated by a physician in order to characterize the control of the disease in the first visit. The questionnaire was evaluated in three versions, with 5, 6 and 7 questions, respectively, and scores of 0.75 and 1.50 were used as cut-off points.


RESULTS
Of the 278 patients, 77 (27.7%) had intermittent asthma, 39 (14.0%) had mild persistent asthma, 40 (14.4%) had moderate persistent asthma and 122 (43.9%) had severe persistent asthma. The sensitivity of ACQ to identify uncontrolled asthma ranged from 77% to 99%, and the specificity ranged from 36% to 84%. The positive predictive value ranged from 73% to 90%, and the negative predictive value ranged from 67% to 95%. The positive likelihood ratio ranged from 1.55 to 4.81, and the negative likelihood ratio ranged from 0.03 to 0.27. In the 5- and 6-question versions of the ACQ, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92. These two versions were both responsive to clinical changes in the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
All three versions of the ACQ satisfactorily discriminated between patients with uncontrolled asthma and those with controlled asthma. The 5- and 6-question versions also presented good reliability and responsiveness. Therefore, the ACQ is a valid tool for evaluating asthma control in adult outpatients in Brazil.
Genetic optimization of a fuzzy control system for energy flow management in micro-grids

In this paper we present an interesting application of Computational Intelligence techniques for the power demand side and flow management optimization in a microgrid. In particular, we used a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Time-of use Cost Management program in the microgrid. FLC can either sell and buy energy from outside the microgrid making use of an aggregate of energy storage capacity realized with lithium ion batteries. According to the hybrid Fuzzy-GA paradigm, the Fuzzy Logic Controller that operates decision making on energy flows is optimized by a Genetic Algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed control system can manage effectively the energy trade with the main grid on the basis of real time prices.
Classical sociology beyond methodological nationalism

List of Figures Acknowledgements List of Contributors INTRODUCTION Is Classical Sociology Still in Vogue? A Controversial Legacy, Massimo Pendenza PART I: SOCIOLOGY OF THE GLOBAL WORLD 1. Simmel on Global Society, Vittorio Cotesta 2. Tonnies Today: A Living Legacy in the Sociology of Globalization and Globality, David Inglis 3. Vilfredo Pareto's Contribution to a Sociology of Globalization, Emanuela Susca PART II: THE 'SOCIAL' BEYOND THE 'NATIONAL' 4. Understanding the Social: Cosmopolitanism and Gabriel Tarde's Cosmo-Politics, Michael Schillmeier 5. The 'Social' as Reciprocity: Marcel Mauss and the Idea of Nation, Dario Verderame PART III: THE 'NATIONAL' BEYOND 'METHODOLOGICAL NATIONALISM' 6. "Merging the National with the Human Ideal": Emile Durkheim on Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism, Massimo Pendenza 7. Ubi Bene, Ibi Patria: Patriotism, Nationalism and Internationalism in Robert Michels' Reflection, Federico Trocini 8. Beyond Methodological Nationalism? Concepts of Nationhood in German Liberal Social Thought of the Weimar Years, Austin Harrington Index of Names
Will the Traditional Humanities Survive in the 21st Century

The nature of the university in the new century will be determined as much by epistemological, philosophical, and ideological factors shaping our views of knowledge as by changing technologies. This article reviews developments in the meaning of knowledge occurring through the 20th century and explores their implications for the ‘traditional’ humanities and academe as a whole, using the field of Celtic Studies as a case in point.
Synovial tissue response to rituximab: mechanism of action and identification of biomarkers of response

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the synovial tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with rituximab and to identify possible predictors of clinical response.


METHODS
A total of 24 patients with RA underwent synovial biopsy before, 4 and 16 weeks after initiation of rituximab treatment (without peri-infusional corticosteroids to prevent bias). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and stained sections were analysed by digital image analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of clinical response.


RESULTS
The 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was unaltered at 4 weeks, but significantly reduced at 16 and 24 weeks. Serum levels of IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) decreased significantly at 24 weeks and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) levels at 36 weeks. Peripheral blood B cells were depleted at 4 weeks and started to return at 24 weeks. Synovial B cells were significantly decreased at 4 weeks, but were not completely depleted in all patients; there was a further reduction at 16 weeks in some patients. We found a significant decrease in macrophages at 4 weeks, which was more pronounced at 16 weeks. At that timepoint, T cells were also significantly decreased. The reduction of plasma cells predicted clinical improvement at 24 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the view that B cells orchestrate local cellular infiltration. The kinetics of the serological as well as the tissue response in clinical responders are consistent with the notion that rituximab exerts its effects in part by an indirect effect on plasma cells associated with autoantibody production, which could help explain the delayed response after rituximab treatment.
Nuclear magnetic and conductivity relaxations by Li diffusion in glassy and crystalline LiAlSi4O10

Abstract The dependence of lithium diffusion on the degree of structural order was investigated in LiAlSi 4 O 10 in its glassy and polycrystalline states by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ionic conductivity relaxation techniques. The NMR measurements were performed in the temperature range from 150 K to 1000 K, which covers the diffusion induced spin-lattice relaxation rate ( T 1 −1 ) maximum for each of the modifications. The dependence of T 1 −1 on the Larmor frequency was observed in the range from 11.3 MHz to 38.9 MHz. Impedance spectroscopy was carried out on the glassy sample in the frequency interval from 100 Hz to 10 MHz and for temperatures between ambient temperature and 670 K. The results obtained from the two methods reflect significant deviations of the relaxation processes from their respective standard models (BPP and Debye) with regard to anomalous frequency dependences of T 1 −1 and of the conductivity, and a difference between the low and high temperature activation energies. These anomalies are discussed in terms of the dynamic structure model and other theories for anomalous relaxation in ionic conductors. When the results are analyzed in the framework of the dynamic structure model there are indications for clustering of the mobile species which results in correlated motion of Li ions. In a crystalline sample, the activation energy is larger and the jump frequency is smaller than in the amorphous material.
Unsentimental ethics: Towards a content-specific account of the moral–conventional distinction

In this paper, we offer an overview and a critique of the existing theories of the moral-conventional distinction, with emphasis on Nichols's [Nichols, S. (2002). Norms with feeling: Towards a psychological account of moral judgment. Cognition, 84, 221-236] neo-sentimentalist approach. After discussing some distinctive features of Nichols's (2002) thesis and situating it within the context of his predecessors' work [Blair, R. (1995). A cognitive developmental approach to morality: Investigating the psychopath. Cognition, 57, 1-29; Turiel, E. (1983). The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], we review a number of arguments and findings within the developmental literature that, collectively, pose a serious challenge to the proposition that emotion is indispensable for or plays a substantial contributory role in the construction of the moral domain. Furthermore, we report two studies whose results contravene those of Nichols's (2002) Experiments 1 and 2 (the empirical basis for his "norms with feelings" hypothesis), while favoring a version of Turiel's (1983) harm-based approach instead.
Some economics of private digital currency

This paper reviews some recent developments in digital currency, focusing on platform-sponsored currencies such as Facebook Credits. In a model of platform management, we find that it will not likely be profitable for such currencies to expand to become fully convertible competitors to state-sponsored currencies. JEL Classification: D42, E4, L51 Bank Classification: bank notes, economic models, payment clearing and settlement systems * Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto and NBER (Gans) and Bank of Canada (Halaburda). The views here are those of the authors and no responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada. We thank participants at the NBER Economics of Digitization Conference, Warren Weber and Glen Weyl for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Please send any comments to joshua.gans@gmail.com.
Private Genome Analysis through Homomorphic Encryption

BACKGROUND
The rapid development of genome sequencing technology allows researchers to access large genome datasets. However, outsourcing the data processing o the cloud poses high risks for personal privacy. The aim of this paper is to give a practical solution for this problem using homomorphic encryption. In our approach, all the computations can be performed in an untrusted cloud without requiring the decryption key or any interaction with the data owner, which preserves the privacy of genome data.


METHODS
We present evaluation algorithms for secure computation of the minor allele frequencies and χ2 statistic in a genome-wide association studies setting. We also describe how to privately compute the Hamming distance and approximate Edit distance between encrypted DNA sequences. Finally, we compare performance details of using two practical homomorphic encryption schemes--the BGV scheme by Gentry, Halevi and Smart and the YASHE scheme by Bos, Lauter, Loftus and Naehrig.


RESULTS
The approach with the YASHE scheme analyzes data from 400 people within about 2 seconds and picks a variant associated with disease from 311 spots. For another task, using the BGV scheme, it took about 65 seconds to securely compute the approximate Edit distance for DNA sequences of size 5K and figure out the differences between them.


CONCLUSIONS
The performance numbers for BGV are better than YASHE when homomorphically evaluating deep circuits (like the Hamming distance algorithm or approximate Edit distance algorithm). On the other hand, it is more efficient to use the YASHE scheme for a low-degree computation, such as minor allele frequencies or χ2 test statistic in a case-control study.
Classification of Imbalance Problem by MWMOTE and SSO

In this paper, a resampling ensemble algorithm is developed focused on the classification problems for imbalanced datasets. In this method, the small classes are oversampled and large classes are undersampled. The resampling scale is determined by the ratio of the minimum number of class and maximum number of class. Oversampling for “small” classes is done by MWMOTE technique and undersampling for “large” classes is performed according to SSO technique. Our aim is to reduce the time complexity as well as the enhancement of accuracy rate of classification result. Keywords—Imbalanced classification, Resampling algorithm, SMOTE, MWMOTE, SSO. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts in Traditional Mongolian Fermented Milk

1 Technology and Research Institute, Snow Brand Milk Products Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan 2 Department of International Affairs, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 3 Department of Veterinary Science and Biotechnology, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 4 Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan