LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Big behavioral data: psychology, ethology and the foundations of neuroscience

Behavior is a unifying organismal process where genes, neural function, anatomy and environment converge and interrelate. Here we review the current state and discuss the future effect of accelerating advances in technology for behavioral studies, focusing on rodents as an example. We frame our perspective in three dimensions: the degree of experimental constraint, dimensionality of data and level of description. We argue that 'big behavioral data' presents challenges proportionate to its promise and describe how these challenges might be met through opportunities afforded by the two rival conceptual legacies of twentieth century behavioral science, ethology and psychology. We conclude that, although 'more is not necessarily better', copious, quantitative and open behavioral data has the potential to transform and unify these two disciplines and to solidify the foundations of others, including neuroscience, but only if the development of new theoretical frameworks and improved experimental designs matches the technological progress.
Deep image aesthetics classification using inception modules and fine-tuning connected layer

In this paper we investigate the image aesthetics classification problem, aka, automatically classifying an image into low or high aesthetic quality, which is quite a challenging problem beyond image recognition. Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) methods have recently shown promising results for image aesthetics assessment. Currently, a powerful inception module is proposed which shows very high performance in object classification. However, the inception module has not been taken into consideration for the image aesthetics assessment problem. In this paper, we propose a novel DCNN structure codenamed ILGNet for image aesthetics classification, which introduces the Inception module and connects intermediate Local layers to the Global layer for the output. Besides, we use a pre-trained image classification CNN called GoogLeNet on the ImageNet dataset and fine tune our connected local and global layer on the large scale aesthetics assessment AVA dataset [1]. The experimental results show that the proposed ILGNet outperforms the state of the art results in image aesthetics assessment in the AVA benchmark.
ata-driven soft sensor development based on deep learning echnique

In industrial process control, some product qualities and key variables are always difficult to measure online due to technical or economic limitations. As an effective solution, data-driven soft sensors provide stable and reliable online estimation of these variables based on historical measurements of easy-tomeasure process variables. Deep learning, as a novel training strategy for deep neural networks, has recently become a popular data-driven approach in the area of machine learning. In the present study, the deep learning technique is employed to build soft sensors and applied to an industrial case to estimate the heavy diesel 95% cut point of a crude distillation unit (CDU). The comparison of modeling results demonstrates that the deep learning technique is especially suitable for soft sensor modeling because of the following advantages over traditional methods. First, with a complex multi-layer structure, the deep neural network is able to contain richer information and yield improved representation ability compared with traditional data-driven models. Second, deep neural networks are established as latent variable models that help to describe highly correlated process variables. Third, the deep learning is semi-supervised so that all available process data can be utilized. Fourth, the deep learning technique is particularly efficient dealing with massive data in practice. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intravascular ultrasound guidance improves angiographic and clinical outcome of stent implantation for long coronary artery stenoses: final results of a randomized comparison with angiographic guidance (TULIP Study).

BACKGROUND
Long coronary lesions treated with stents have a poor outcome. This study compared the 6-month outcome of stent implantation for long lesions in patients randomized to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS; n=73) or angiographic guidance (n=71).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Stenoses >20 mm in length and a reference diameter that permitted a stent diameter > or =3 mm were eligible. Primary end points were 6-month minimal lumen diameter (MLD) and the combined end point of death, myocardial infarction, and target-lesion revascularization (TLR). Baseline clinical and angiographic data were comparable in both groups. At 6 months, MLD in the IVUS group (1.82+/-0.53 mm) was larger than in the angiography group (1.51+/-0.71 mm; P=0.042). TLR and combined end-point rates at 6 months were 4% (n=3) and 6% (n=4) in the IVUS group and 14% (n=10) and 20% (n=14) in the angiography group, respectively (P=0.037 for TLR and P=0.01 for combined events). Restenosis (>50% diameter stenosis) was found in 23% of the IVUS group and 45% of the angiography group (P=0.008). At 12 months, TLR and the combined end point occurred in 10% (n=7) and 12% (n=9) of the IVUS group and 23% (n=17) and 27% (n=19) of the angiography group (P=0.018 and P=0.026), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Angiographic and clinical outcome up to 12 months after long stent placement guided by IVUS is superior to guidance by angiography.
A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD).

AIMS
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults. Current risk algorithms provide only a crude estimate of risk and fail to account for the different effect size of individual risk factors. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new SCD risk prediction model that provides individualized risk estimates.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The prognostic model was derived from a retrospective, multi-centre longitudinal cohort study. The model was developed from the entire data set using the Cox proportional hazards model and internally validated using bootstrapping. The cohort consisted of 3675 consecutive patients from six centres. During a follow-up period of 24 313 patient-years (median 5.7 years), 198 patients (5%) died suddenly or had an appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock. Of eight pre-specified predictors, age, maximal left ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left ventricular outflow tract gradient, family history of SCD, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and unexplained syncope were associated with SCD/appropriate ICD shock at the 15% significance level. These predictors were included in the final model to estimate individual probabilities of SCD at 5 years. The calibration slope was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.08), C-index was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.72), and D-statistic was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.32). For every 16 ICDs implanted in patients with ≥4% 5-year SCD risk, potentially 1 patient will be saved from SCD at 5 years. A second model with the data set split into independent development and validation cohorts had very similar estimates of coefficients and performance when externally validated.


CONCLUSION
This is the first validated SCD risk prediction model for patients with HCM and provides accurate individualized estimates for the probability of SCD using readily collected clinical parameters.
Improvements in health-related quality of life following a group intervention for coping with AIDS-bereavement among HIV-infected men and women

Background: AIDS-related bereavement is a severe life stressor that may be particularly distressing to persons themselves infected with HIV. Increasing evidence suggests that psychological health is associated with disease progression, HIV-related symptoms, and mortality. Purpose: This study assessed change in health-related quality of life among HIV+ persons following a group intervention for coping with AIDS-related loss. Methods: The sample included 235 HIV+ men and women of diverse ethnicities and sexual orientations who had experienced an AIDS-related loss within the previous 2 years. Participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week cognitive-behavioral bereavement coping group intervention or offered individual psychotherapy upon request. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: Participants in the group intervention demonstrated improvements in general health-related and HIV-specific quality of life, while those in the comparison remained the same or deteriorated. Effect sizes indicated that the majority of change occurred in women. Conclusion: This bereavement group aimed at improving coping with grief also had a positive impact on health-related quality of life among HIV+ men and women, and suggests that cognitive-behavioral interventions may have a broad impact on both emotional and physical health.
Parametrization of quintessence and its potential

We develop a theoretical method of constructing the quintessence potential directly from the effective equation of state function w(z), which describes the properties of the dark energy. We apply our method to four parametrizations of equation of state parameter and discuss the general features of the resulting potentials. In particular, it is shown that the constructed quintessence potentials are all in the form of a runaway type.
Number of hospital beds in 2030: projection with national French case-mix data

Methods At first, recent changes in hospitalization rates (HR), daycase ratios (DCR) and lengths of stay (LOS) were studied, comparing case-mix data in 1998 and 2004 for acute care patients. To accurately assess the effects of the changes, five age groups (<15, 15–64, 65–74, 75–84 and over 84) and 41 diagnoses groups were constructed. Then, three different projections, including population projections for 2030, were developed.
Towards Security Risk-Oriented Misuse Cases

Security has turn out to be a necessity of information systems (ISs) and information per se. Nevertheless, existing practices report on numerous cases when security aspects were considered only at the end of the development process, thus, missing the systematic security analysis. Misuse case diagrams help identify security concerns at early stages of the IS development. Despite this fundamental advantage, misuse cases tend to be rather imprecise; they do not comply with security risk management strategies, and, thus, could lead to misinterpretation of the security-related concepts. Such limitations could potentially result in poor security solutions. This paper applies a systematic approach to understand how misuse case diagrams could help model organisational assets, potential risks, and security countermeasures to mitigate these risks. The contribution helps understand how misuse cases could deal with security risk management and support reasoning for security requirements and their implementation in the software system.
Motivating participation and improving quality of contribution in ubiquitous crowdsourcing

Ubiquitous crowdsourcing, or the crowdsourcing of tasks in settings beyond the desktop, is attracting interest due to the increasing maturity of mobile and ubiquitous technology, such as smartphones and public displays. In this paper we attempt to address a fundamental challenge in ubiquitous crowdsourcing: if people can contribute to crowdsourcing anytime and anyplace, why would they choose to do so? We highlight the role of motivation in ubiquitous crowdsourcing, and its effect on participation and performance. Through a series of field studies we empirically validate various motivational approaches in the context of ubiquitous crowdsourcing, and assess the comparable advantages of ubiquitous technologies’ affordances. We show that through motivation ubiquitous crowdsourcing becomes comparable to online crowdsourcing in terms of participation and task performance, and that through motivation we can elicit better quality contributions and increased participation from workers. We also show that ubiquitous technologies’ contextual capabilities can increase participation through increasing workers’ intrinsic motivation, and that the in-situ nature of ubiquitous technologies can increase both participation and engagement of workers. Combined, our findings provide empirically validated recommendations on the design and implementation of ubiquitous crowdsourcing. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Low dose nesiritide and the preservation of renal function in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing cardiopulmonary-bypass surgery: a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND
Renal insufficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery. B-type natriuretic peptide is a cardiac hormone that enhances glomerular filtration rate and inhibits aldosterone. Cystatin has been shown to be a better endogenous marker of renal function than creatinine.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We performed a double-blinded placebo-controlled proof of concept pilot study in patients (n=40) with renal insufficiency preoperatively (defined as an estimated creatinine clearance of <60 mL/min determined by the Cockroft-Gault formula), undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery. Patients were randomized to placebo (n=20) or i.v. low dose nesiritide (n=20; 0.005 microg/Kg/min) for 24 hours started after the induction of anesthesia and before cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in the nesiritide group had an increase of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and its second messenger cGMP with a decrease in plasma cystatin levels at the end of the 24-hour infusion. These changes were not observed in the placebo group. There was a significant activation of aldosterone in the placebo group at the end of the 24-hour infusion, but not in the nesiritide group. At 48 and 72 hours, there was a decrease in estimated creatinine clearance and an increase in plasma cystatin as compared with end of the 24-hour infusion in the placebo group. In contrast, renal function was preserved in the nesiritide group with no significant change in estimated creatinine clearance and a trend for plasma cystatin to increase as compared with end of the 24-hour infusion.


CONCLUSION
This proof of concept pilot study supports the conclusion that perioperative administration of low dose nesiritide is biologically active and decreases plasma cystatin in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these physiological observations can be translated into improved clinical outcomes.
Improving the analysis of esophageal acid exposure by a new parameter: area under H+

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to compare the data provided by 24-h continuous esophageal pH monitoring in a group of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to those from a group of healthy volunteers using both conventional parameters and calculated area under the curve of hydrogen ion activity (AUH+), a new value that describes the true acid exposure, through both duration and depth of acidity changes.METHODS:Thirty healthy controls and 60 patients with GERD (30 symptomatic patients without endoscopic esophagitis or nonerosive GERD and 30 symptomatic patients with Savary I–IV endoscopic esophagitis or erosive GERD) were enrolled in a study based on 24-h pH monitoring to compare reference values by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) discriminant analysis.RESULTS:The best ROC cutoff value for nonerosive GERD patients was AUH+ = 103.7 (mmol/L) × min with sensitivity of 76.7% and specificity of 93.3%. The best ROC cutoff value for erosive GERD patients was AUH+ = 114.1 (mmol/L) × min with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.7%. These cutoff values increase the sensitivity by 16.7% for nonerosive GERD patients and 10% for erosive GERD patients when compared to a common parameter such as the percentage of total time pH is <4 with a limit of 4.2%.CONCLUSIONS:AUH+ is a valid quantitative parameter to measure 24-h esophageal acid exposure. It may be a reliable and significant clinical aid because it is a more sensitive test in discriminating negative or positive adult patients with or without esophagitis who are submitted to 24-h esophageal pH monitoring.
Homicidal hanging.

Homicide by hanging is an extremely rare incident [1]. Very few cases have been reported in which a person is rendered senseless and then hanged to simulate suicidal death; though there are a lot of cases in wherein a homicide victim has been hung later. We report a case of homicidal hanging of a young Sikh individual found hanging in a well. It became evident from the results of forensic autopsy that the victim had first been given alcohol mixed with pesticides and then hanged by his turban from a well. The rare combination of lynching (homicidal hanging) and use of organo-phosporous pesticide poisoning as a means of homicide are discussed in this paper.
Pier Paolo Pasolini: Cinema as Heresy

The major Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini was also a poet, novelist, essayist, and iconoclastic political commentator. Naomi Greene reveals to English-speaking readers the diverse talents that made him one of the most controversial European intellectuals of the postwar era, at the center of political and cultural debates still vital to our time. Greene presents Pasolini's films to the English-speaking world in full detail and in a rich critical context, using them to trace the evolution of his ideas and the details of his troubled personal life from 1950, when he settled in Rome, to 1975, the year of his brutal murder, apparently at the hands of a young male prostitute. "In her concise and sympathetic book, Greene intelligently explicates the political and social context within which Pasolini became both a leading figure and a significant heretic. He was an atheist who directed one of the few genuinely profound biblical films in the cinema, a communist who severely criticized many of the radical movements of modern Italy. Though he publicly acknowledged his homosexuality, he privately referred to it as his "sickness." As the book well documents, Pasolini was not a rebel but rather an authentic heretic who worked in contradiction to both his medium and milieu."--Choice
Predicting crime using Twitter and kernel density estimation

Twitter is used extensively in the United States as well as globally, creating many opportunities to augment decision support systems with Twitterdriven predictive analytics. Twitter is an ideal data source for decision support: its users, who number in the millions, publicly discuss events, emotions, and innumerable other topics; its content is authored and distributed in real time at no charge; and individual messages (also known as tweets) are often tagged with precise spatial and temporal coordinates. This article presents research investigating the use of spatiotemporally tagged tweets for crime prediction. We use Twitter-specific linguistic analysis and statistical topic modeling to automatically identify discussion topics across a major city in the United States. We then incorporate these topics into a crime prediction model and show that, for 19 of the 25 crime types we studied, the addition of Twitter data improves crime prediction performance versus a standard approach based on kernel density estimation. We identify a number of performance bottlenecks that could impact the use of Twitter in an actual decision support system. We also point out important areas of future work for this research, including deeper semantic analysis of message con∗Email address: msg8u@virginia.edu; Tel.: 1+ 434 924 5397; Fax: 1+ 434 982 2972 Preprint submitted to Decision Support Systems January 14, 2014 tent, temporal modeling, and incorporation of auxiliary data sources. This research has implications specifically for criminal justice decision makers in charge of resource allocation for crime prevention. More generally, this research has implications for decision makers concerned with geographic spaces occupied by Twitter-using individuals.
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of prandial Technosphere inhaled insulin (TI), an inhaled insulin with a distinct time action profile, in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetes agents (OADs).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects with T2D with HbA1c levels ≥7.5% (58.5 mmol/mol) and ≤10.0% (86.0 mmol/mol) on metformin alone or two or more OADs were randomized to add-on prandial TI (n = 177) or prandial Technosphere inhaled placebo (TP) (n = 176) to their OAD regimen in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Primary end point was change in HbA1c at 24 weeks.


RESULTS
TI significantly reduced HbA1c by -0.8% (-9.0 mmol/mol) from a baseline of 8.3% (66.8 mmol/mol) compared with TP -0.4% (-4.6 mmol/mol) (treatment difference -0.4% [95% CI -0.57, -0.23]; P < 0.0001). More TI-treated subjects achieved an HbA1c ≤7.0% (53.0 mmol/mol) (38% vs. 19%; P = 0.0005). Mean fasting plasma glucose was similarly reduced in both groups. Postprandial hyperglycemia, based on 7-point glucose profiles, was effectively controlled by TI. Mean weight change was 0.5 kg for TI and -1.1 kg for the TP group (P < 0.0001). Mild, transient dry cough was the most common adverse event, occurring similarly in both groups (TI, 23.7%; TP, 19.9%) and led to discontinuation in only 1.1% of TI-treated and 3.4% of TP-treated subjects. There was a small decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in both groups, with a slightly larger decline in the group receiving TI (TI, -0.13 L; TP, -0.04 L). The difference resolved after treatment discontinuation.


CONCLUSIONS
Prandial TI added to one or more OADs in inadequately controlled T2D is an effective treatment option. Mild, transient dry cough was the most common adverse event.
Cost-based modeling for fraud and intrusion detection: results from the JAM project

In this paper we describe the results achieved using the JAM distributed data mining system for the real world problem of fraud detection in financial information systems. For this domain we provide clear evidence that state-of-the-art commercial fraud detection systems can be substantially improved in stopping losses due to fraud by combining multiple models of fraudulent transaction shared among banks. We demonstrate that the traditional statistical metrics used to train and evaluate the performance of learning systems, (i.e. statistical accuracy or ROC analysis) are misleading and perhaps inappropriate for this application. Cost-based metrics are more relevant in certain domains, and defining such metrics poses significant and interesting research questions both in evaluating systems and alternative models, and in formalizing the problems to which one may wish to apply data mining technologies. This paper also demonstrates how the techniques developed for fraud detection can be generalized and applied to the important area of Intrusion Detection in networked information systems. We report the outcome of recent evaluations of our system applied to tcpdump network intrusion data specifically with respect to statistical accuracy. This work involved building additional components of JAM that we have come to call, MADAM ID (Mining Audit Data for Automated Models for Intrusion Detection). However, taking the next step to define cost-based models for intrusion detection poses interesting new research questions. We describe our initial ideas about how to evaluate intrusion detection systems using cost models learned during our work
Hardy inequalities in Orlicz spaces

We establish a sharp extension, in the framework of Orlicz spaces, of the (n-dimensional) Hardy inequality, involving functions defined on a domain G, their gradients and the distance function from the boundary of G.