LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intensity-modulated extended-field chemoradiation plus simultaneous integrated boost in the pre-operative treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer: a dose-escalation study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility and determine the recommended pre-operative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dose of extended-field chemoradiation along with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) dose escalation.


METHODS
A radiation dose of 40 Gy over 4 weeks, 2 Gy/fraction, was delivered to the tumour and the lymphatic drainage (planning target volume, PTV3), which encompassed a volume larger than standard (common iliac lymphatic area up to its apex, in front of the L3 vertebra), concurrently with chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). Radiation dose was escalated to the pelvis (PTV2) and to the macroscopic disease (PTV1) with the SIB-IMRT strategy. Three dose levels were planned: Level 1 (PTV3: 40/2 Gy; PTV2: 40/2 Gy; PTV1: 45/2.25 Gy), Level 2 (PTV3: 40/2 Gy; PTV2: 45/2.25 Gy; PTV1: 45/2.25 Gy) and Level 3 (PTV3: 40/2 Gy; PTV2: 45/2.25 Gy; PTV1: 50/2.5 Gy). All treatments were delivered in 20 fractions. Patients were treated in cohorts of between three and six per group using a Phase I study design. The recommended dose was exceeded if two of the six patients in a cohort experienced dose-limiting toxicity within 3 months from treatment.


RESULTS
19 patients [median age: 46 years; The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2: 3, IIB: 10, IIIA-IIIB: 6] were enrolled. Median follow-up was 24 months (9-60 months). The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was gastrointestinal (GI) (diarrhoea, mucous discharge, rectal/abdominal pain). At Levels 1 and 2, only one grade 3 GI toxicity per level was recorded, whereas at Level 3, two grade 3 GI toxicities (diarrhoea, emesis and nausea) were recorded.


CONCLUSION
The SIB-IMRT technique was found to be feasible and safe at the recommended doses of 45 Gy to PTV1 and PTV2 and 40 Gy to PTV3 in the pre-operative treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Unfortunately, this complex technique was unable to safely escalate dose beyond levels already achieved with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy technique given acute GI toxicity.


ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
A Phase I radiotherapy dose-escalation trial with SIB-IMRT technique is proposed in cervical cancer. This complex technique is feasible and safe at the recommended doses.
Microbuckling instability in elastomeric cellular solids

Compressive properties of elastic cellular solids are studied via experiments upon foam and upon single-cell models. Open-cell foam exhibits a monotonic stress-strain relation with a plateau region; deformation is localized in transverse bands. Single-cell models exhibit a force-deformation relation which is not monotonic. In view of recent concepts of the continuum theory of elasticity, the banding instability of the foam in compression is considered to be a consequence of the non-monotonic relation between force and deformation of the single cell.
Fenestration in the P 1 Segment of the Posterior Cerebral Artery

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) has been noted in literature to have anatomical variations, specifically fenestration. Cerebral arteries with fenestrations are uncommon, especially when associated with other vascular pathologies. We report a case here of fenestrations within the P1 segment of the right PCA associated with a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm in an elder adult male who presented with a new onset of headaches. The patient was treated with vascular clipping of the MCA and has recovered well. Identifying anatomical variations with appropriate imaging is of particular importance in neuro-interventional procedures as it may have an impact on the procedure itself and consequently post-interventional outcomes. Categories: Neurology, Neurosurgery
The use of medical claims to assess incidence, diagnostic procedures and initial treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in the Netherlands.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) may be underreported in cancer registries such as the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Analysis of Dutch medical claims can complement NCR data on MDS and CMML. We analyzed data on 3681 MDS patients and 235 CMML patients aged ≥18 years with initial claims for MDS or CMML from the Dutch nationwide medical claims-based Diagnosis Treatment Combination Information System (DIS) between 2008 and 2010. Clinical information was available in the DIS. MDS and CMML were diagnosed without a bone marrow (BM) examination in almost half of the patients. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 in the cohort that underwent BM examinations compared with NCR data was 2.8 vs. 3.3 for MDS and 0.2 vs. 0.4 for CMML in 2008-2010. A conservative treatment approach was associated with increasing age and absence of BM examination in MDS (p<0.001 for both) and CMML patients (p<0.033 for both). In conclusion, the ASR of MDS in the cohort that underwent BM examinations was comparable with the NCR. The majority of elderly patients, either with or without BM examinations, received no therapy. Together, MDS and CMML may be misdiagnosed and inappropriately managed without a BM confirmation.
Generalized quasi-geostrophy for spatially anisotropic rotationally constrained flows

Closed reduced equations analogous to the quasi-geostrophic equations are derived in the extratropics for small Rossby numbers and vertical scales that are comparable to or much larger than horizontal scales. On these scales, significant vertical motions are permitted and found to couple to balanced geostrophic dynamics. In the equatorial regions, similar reduced equations are derived for meridional scales much larger than the vertical and zonal scales. These equations are derived by a systematic exploration of different aspect ratios, and Froude and buoyancy numbers, and offer advantages similar to the standard quasi-geostrophic equations for studies of smallerscale processes and/or of the equatorial regions.
The Formulation of Public Policy in the Absence of Democracy

The formulation of public policy in nations of a non-democratic nature takes different forms and depends on whether the nations govern from the left or the right. Both have command style governments. I review how policies affect the family; arts, education and language; land, property and possessions; nuclear energy and economic development. Some conclu sions are drawn about states without a tolerated opposition.
Inferring Ancestry : Mitochondrial Origins and Other Deep Branches in the Eukaryote Tree of Life

There are ~12 supergroups of complex-celled organisms (eukaryotes), but relationships among them (including the root) remain elusive. For Paper I, I developed a dataset of 37 eukaryotic proteins of ...
RAPSTROM™ first-in-man study long-term results of a biodegradable polymer sustained-release sirolimus-eluting stent in de novo coronary stenoses.

BACKGROUND
Durable polymers used for first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) potentially contribute to persistent inflammation and late DES thrombosis. We report the first real-life human experience with the rapamycin-eluting biodegradable polymer-coated Rapstrom stent.


METHODS
All consecutive patients with single de novo native coronary stenosis (<30 mm and between 2.5 and 4.0 mm) were enrolled. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1 year (cardiac death, myocardial infarction [Q and non-Q], or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) were the primary end-point.


RESULTS
A total of 123 patients were enrolled. The stent was implanted without complications in all patients, and no MACE were recorded at 30 days. At 12-month follow-up 9 patients (7.3%) experienced a MACE and 4 (3.2%) required a target lesion revascularization, while 1 (1%) stent thrombosis was recorded. A planned angiographic follow-up (FU) was performed in 73 patients (59%) at 9.4 ± 2.6 months following the index procedure. In-stent late loss was 0.16 ± 0.09 mm, and in-segment late loss was 0.18 ± 0.8 mm.


CONCLUSION
The Rapstrom biodegradable polymer rapamycin-eluting stent appeared safe and efficacious in this first real-life human experience, due to a low late lumen loss. Larger randomized studies are required to confirm these preliminary results.
Refining Individualized Consideration: Distinguishing Developmental Leadership and Supportive Leadership

This study explores the theoretical and empirical distinction between developmental leadership and supportive leadership, which are currently encompassed in a single sub dimension of transformational leadership, individualized consideration. Items were selected to assess these constructs, and hypotheses regarding the differential effects of developmental and supportive leadership were proposed. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the proposed distinction between developmental and supportive leadership, although these leadership factors were very strongly associated. Structural equation modelling and multi-level modelling results indicated that both developmental leadership and supportive leadership displayed unique relationships with theoretically selected outcome measures. Developmental leadership displayed significantly stronger relationships with job satisfaction, career certainty, affective commitment to the organization and role breadth self-efficacy than did supportive leadership. Results provide initial evidence in support of the discriminant validity of these two types of leadership. Discussion focuses on the need to further examine the construct of developmental leadership.
A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex

We describe a quantitative theory to account for the computations performed by the feedforward path of the ventral stream of visual cortex and the local circuits implementing them. We show that a model instantiating the theory is capable of performing recognition on datasets of complex images at the level of human observers in rapid categorization tasks. We also show that the theory is consistent with (and in some case has predicted) several properties of neurons in V1, V4, IT and PFC. The theory seems sufficiently comprehensive, detailed and satisfactory to represent an interesting challenge for physiologists and modelers: either disprove its basic features or propose alternative theories of equivalent scope. The theory suggests a number of open questions for visual physiology and psychophysics. This version replaces the preliminary “Halloween” CBCL paper from Nov. 2005. This report describes research done within the Center for Biological & Computational Learning in the Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences and in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This research was sponsored by grants from: Office of Naval Research (DARPA) under contract No. N00014-00-1-0907, National Science Foundation (ITR) under contract No. IIS-0085836, National Science Foundation (KDI) under contract No. DMS-9872936, and National Science Foundation under contract No. IIS-9800032 Additional support was provided by: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Center for e-Business (MIT), Eastman Kodak Company, DaimlerChrysler AG, Compaq, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., Komatsu Ltd., Merrill-Lynch, NEC Fund, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone, Siemens Corporate Research, Inc., The Whitaker Foundation, and the SLOAN Foundations. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: tp@ai.mit.edu
The accuracy of prognostic scoring systems for post-operative morbidity and mortality in patients with perforated peptic ulcer -

In urgent surgical procedures for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU), there is considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. The overall mortality rate is about 9-27%. 1-3 A large number of prognostic factors for morbidity and mortality in patients with perforated peptic ulcer have been reported. 2-7 Several clinical scoring system have been proposed for prognostic prediction. The most wellknown predicted scoring system is Boey score 3, which predicted mortality in PPU patients base on the time from perforation to admission, pre-operative systolic blood pressure and comorbid conditions of patients. Then Boey score was classified in three groups, score 0, 1 and 2 and mortality rate were 0%, 10% and 100% respectively. Lohsiriwat et al was found that a higher Boey score was associated with increasing rates of both morbidity and mortality and could be considered as a simple and appropriate prognostic marker in the management of PPU. 1
Three-dimensional particle simulation modeling of ion propulsion plasma environment for Deep Space One

A fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation model was developed to obtain ion propulsion charge-exchange plasma environment over the entire downstream-toupstream region for the Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft. Simulations are compared with in-flight measurements of charge-exchange plasma from the Ion Propulsion Diagnostics Subsystem on DS1, and the results show an excellent agreement. It is found that the plasma environment of DS1 spacecraft is dominated by the charge-exchange plasma from the plume. For a typical ion thruster operating condition, the charge exchange plasma near the spacecraft surface has a density ranging from lo6 c m 3 at the thruster end to lo4 ~ 7 n ~ at the opposite end, and a current density ranging from to lo-’ A / ~ r n ~ . It is shown that for an interplanetary spacecraft with a moderate charging potential, charge-exchange ion backflow is through an expansion process similar to that of the expansion of a mesothermal plasma into a vacuum.
Modified singular value decomposition by means of independent component analysis

In multisensor signal processing (underwater acoustics, geophysics, etc.), the initial dataset is usually separated into complementary subspaces called signal and noise subspaces in order to enhance the signal to noise ratio. The Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is a useful tool to achieve this separation. It provides two orthogonal matrices that convey information on normalized wavelets and propagation vectors. As signal and noise subspaces are on the whole well evaluated, usually the SVD procedure cannot correctly extract only the source waves with a high degree of sensor to sensor correlation. This is due to the constraint given by the orthogonality of the propagation vectors. To relax this condition, exploiting the concept of Independent Component Analysis (ICA), we propose another orthogonal matrix made up of statistically independent normalized wavelets. By using this combined SVD-ICA procedure, we obtain a better separation of these source waves in the signal subspace. Efficiency of this new separation procedure is shown on synthetic and real datasets.
ELECTORAL RULES AS CONSTRAINTS ON CORRUPTION: THE RISKS OF CLOSED-LIST PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

This paper investigates how different electoral rules influence political corruption. We argue that closed-list proportional representation systems are most susceptible to corruption relative to open-list proportional representation and plurality systems. We argue that this effect is due to the way both closed party lists and geographically large districts limit voters’ ability to monitor incumbents. We also examine interaction effects between electoral rules and other institutional forms, namely presidentialism, federalism, and bi-cameralism. We test our main predictions, the proposed causal mechanism, and interaction effects empirically on a cross-section of 105 countries, controlling for economic, political, and social background factors. The empirical findings strongly support our theoretical hypothesis that closed-list PR systems, especially together with presidentialism, are associated with higher levels of corruption. This result is robust to different model specifications and deleting influential observations. ____________________________ * We would like to thank Jose Antonio Cheibub, Rafael DiTella, Eduardo Engel, Philip Levy, Fiona McGillivray, Frances Rosenbluth, Matthew Shugart, and Alastair Smith for helpful discussions and comments on earlier drafts, and Phil Keefer and Jessica Seddon for sharing their data. All remaining errors are ours. Contact Information: jana.kunicova@yale.edu; susan.rose-ackerman@yale.edu.
Clinical parameters in male genital lichen sclerosus: a case series of 329 patients.

BACKGROUND
  The dermatological aspects of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) have not received much prominence in the literature. Sexual morbidity appears under-appreciated, the role of histology is unclear, the relative places of topical medical treatment and circumcision are not established, the prognosis for sexual function, urinary function and penis cancer is uncertain and the pathogenesis has not been specifically studied although autoimmunity (as in women) and HPV infection have been mooted.


OBJECTIVE
  To illuminate the above by analysing the clinical parameters of a large series of patients with MGLSc.


METHODS
  A total of 329 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MGLSc were identified retrospectively from a dermatology-centred multidisciplinary setting. Their clinical and histopathological features and outcomes have been abstracted from the records and analysed by simple descriptive statistics.


RESULTS
  The collation and analysis of clinical data derived from the largest series of men with MGLSc ever studied from a dermatological perspective has been achieved. These data allow the conclusions below to be drawn.


CONCLUSIONS
  MGLSc is unequivocally a disease of the uncircumcised male; the adult peak is late in the fourth decade; dyspareunia is a common presenting complaint; non-specific histology requires careful interpretation; most men are either cured by topical treatment with ultrapotent steroid (50-60%) or by circumcision (>75%); effective and definitive management appears to abrogate the risk of developing penile squamous cell carcinoma; urinary contact is implicated in the pathogenesis of MGLSc; HPV infection and autoimmunity seem unimportant.
Removal of congo red dye from water using carbon slurry waste

A cheaper adsorbent has been prepared from carbon slurry waste obtained from National Fertilizer Limited (NFL), Panipat and investigated for the removal of congo red, an anionic dye. Its adsorption on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent was studied as a function of contact time, concentration and temperature. The results have shown that carbonaceous adsorbent adsorbs dye to a sufficient extent (272 mg g). A comparative study of adsorption results with those obtained on activated charcoal shows that the carbonaceous adsorbent is ~95% efficient as compared to activated charcoal. Thus, it can be fruitfully used for the removal of dyes from wastewaters.
Chocolate consumption and bone density in older women.

BACKGROUND
Nutrition is important for the development and maintenance of bone structure and for the prevention of osteoporosis and fracture. The relation of chocolate intake with bone has yet to be investigated.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relation of chocolate consumption with measurements of whole-body and regional bone density and strength.


DESIGN
Randomly selected women aged 70-85 y (n=1460) were recruited from the general population to a randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation and fracture risk. We present here a cross-sectional analysis of 1001 of these women. Bone density and strength were measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and quantitative ultrasonography. Frequency of chocolate intake was assessed with the use of a questionnaire and condensed into 3 categories: <1 time/wk, 1-6 times/wk, >or=1 time/d.


RESULTS
Higher frequency of chocolate consumption was linearly related to lower bone density and strength (P<0.05). Daily (>or=1 times/d) consumption of chocolate, in comparison to <1 time/wk, was associated with a 3.1% lower whole-body bone density; with similarly lower bone density of the total hip, femoral neck, tibia, and heel; and with lower bone strength in the tibia and the heel (P<0.05, for all). Adjustment for covariates did not influence interpretation of the results.


CONCLUSIONS
Older women who consume chocolate daily had lower bone density and strength. Additional cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these observations. Confirmation of these findings could have important implications for prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
Long-term efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B.

UNLABELLED
Treatment of 171 patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg over 48 weeks resulted in significant histological, virological, serological, and biochemical improvement compared with placebo. The long-term efficacy and safety of ADV in a subset of these patients was investigated for up to 5 years. Sixty-five patients given ADV 10 mg in year 1 elected to continue in a long-term safety and efficacy study (LTSES). At enrollment, the 65 LTSES patients were a median 34 years old, 83% male, 74% Asian, 23% Caucasian, median baseline serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA 8.45 log(10) copies/mL, and median baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 2.0 x upper limit of normal. At 5 years on study, the median changes from baseline in serum HBV DNA and ALT for the 41 patients still on ADV were 4.05 log(10) copies/mL and -50 U/L, respectively. HBeAg loss and seroconversion were observed in 58% and 48% of patients by end of study, respectively. Fifteen patients had baseline and end of follow-up liver biopsies; improvements in necroinflammation and fibrosis were seen in 67% and 60% of these patients, respectively. Adefovir resistance mutations A181V or N236T developed in 13 LTSES patients; the first observation was at study week 195. There were no serious adverse events related to ADV.


CONCLUSION
Treatment with ADV beyond 48 weeks was well tolerated and produced long-term virological, biochemical, serological, and histological improvement.
Medical resource use, costs, and quality of life in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: findings from ASCEND-HF.

BACKGROUND
The Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF) randomly assigned 7,141 participants to nesiritide or placebo. Dyspnea improvement was more often reported in the nesiritide group, but there were no differences in 30-day all-cause mortality or heart failure readmission rates. We compared medical resource use, costs, and health utilities between the treatment groups.


METHODS AND RESULTS
There were no significant differences in inpatient days, procedures, and emergency department visits reported for the first 30 days or for readmissions to day 180. EQ-5D health utilities and visual analog scale ratings were similar at 24 hours, discharge, and 30 days. Billing data and regression models were used to generate inpatient costs. Mean length of stay from randomization to discharge was 8.5 days in the nesiritide group and 8.6 days in the placebo group (P = .33). Cumulative mean costs at 30 days were $16,922 (SD $16,191) for nesiritide and $16,063 (SD $15,572) for placebo (P = .03). At 180 days, cumulative costs were $25,590 (SD $30,344) for nesiritide and $25,339 (SD $29,613) for placebo (P = .58).


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of nesiritide contributed to higher short-term costs and did not significantly influence medical resource use or health utilities compared with standard care alone.
Data Management for Journalism

We describe the power and potential of data journalism, where news stories are reported and published with data and dynamic visualizations. We discuss the challenges facing data journalism today and how recent data management tools such as Google Fusion Tables have helped in the newsroom. We then describe some of the challenges that need to be addressed in order for data journalism to reach its full