LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics.

BACKGROUND
While most youth report positive experiences and activities online, little is known about experiences of Internet victimization and associated correlates of youth, specifically in regards to Internet harassment.


METHODS
The Youth Internet Safety Survey is a cross-sectional, nationally representative telephone survey of young regular Internet users in the United States. Interviews were conducted between the fall of 1999 and the spring of 2000 and examined characteristics of Internet harassment, unwanted exposure to sexual material, and sexual solicitation that had occurred on the Internet in the previous year. One thousand, five hundred and one regular Internet users between the ages of 10 and 17 years were interviewed, along with one parent or guardian. To assess the characteristics surrounding Internet harassment, four groups of youth were compared: 1) targets of aggression (having been threatened or embarrassed by someone; or feeling worried or threatened by someone's actions); 2) online aggressors (making rude or nasty comments; or harassing or embarrassing someone with whom the youth was mad at); 3) aggressor/targets (youth who report both being an aggressor as well as a target of Internet harassment); and 4) non-harassment involved youth (being neither a target nor an aggressor online).


RESULTS
Of the 19% of young regular Internet users involved in online aggression, 3% were aggressor/targets, 4% reported being targets only, and 12% reported being online aggressors only. Youth aggressor/targets reported characteristics similar to conventional bully/victim youth, including many commonalities with aggressor-only youth, and significant psychosocial challenge.


CONCLUSIONS
Youth aggressor/targets are intense users of the Internet who view themselves as capable web users. Beyond this, however, these youth report significant psychosocial challenge, including depressive symptomatology, problem behavior, and targeting of traditional bullying. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Expert spindle design system

Machine tool spindle is the most important mechanical component in removing metal during machining operations. The structural dynamics of the spindle are evaluated at the tool tip since it directly affects the material removal rate. Flexible spindles lead to unstable chatter vibrations, which can be avoided only by reducing the material removal rate. In addition, the spindle motor must have sufficient torque and power to overcome the cutting resistance of work materials to be machined. The spindles are currently designed based on accumulated experience, basic laws of machine design, and metal cutting mechanics. This thesis presents an expert spindle design system strategy which is based on the efficient utilization of past design experience, the laws of machine design and metal cutting dynamics. The configuration of the spindle is decided by identifying the work material, desired cutting conditions and most common tools which will be used on the machine tool. The spindle drive mechanism, drive motor, bearing types, and spindle shaft dimensions are selected based on the target application. The thesis provides a set of fuzzy design rules which lead to interactive and automatic design of spindle drive configurations. The structural dynamics of the spindle are automatically optimized by distributing the bearings along the spindle shaft. The proposed strategy is to iteratively predict the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the spindle at the tool tip using the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on Timoshenko Beam elements. Predicted FRF of the spindle is integrated to the chatter vibration stability law which indicates whether the design would lead to chatter vibration free cutting operation at the desired speed and depth of cut. The bearing spacings are iteratively optimized without violating the design constraints of the spindle. The proposed expert system design is demonstrated by automatically designing several spindles which are found on industrial machine tools.
Targeted Therapy for Patients with BRAF-Mutant Lung Cancer: Results from the European EURAF Cohort.

INTRODUCTION
Approximately 2% of lung adenocarcinomas have BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) mutations, including V600E and other types. Vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib as BRAF inhibitors are currently tested in clinical trials, but access for patients is limited. The aim of this study was to document the clinical course of patients treated outside of clinical trials.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Europe of patients with advanced BRAF-mutant lung cancer treated with known BRAF inhibitors. Data were anonymized and centrally assessed for age, gender, smoking, histology, stage, local molecular diagnostic results, systemic therapies, and survival. Best response was assessed locally by RECIST1.1.


RESULTS
We documented 35 patients treated in 17 centers with vemurafenib, dabrafenib, or sorafenib. Median age was 63 years (range 42-85); gender was balanced; 14 (40%) were never smokers; all (100%) had adenocarcinoma; 29 (83%) had V600E; 6 (17%) had other mutations; one of them had a concomitant KRAS mutation. Thirty (86%) patients had chemotherapy in the first line. Overall survival with first-line therapy was 25.3 months for V600E and 11.8 months for non-V600E. Thirty-one patients received one BRAF inhibitor, and four received a second inhibitor. Overall response rate with BRAF therapy was 53%, and disease control rate was 85%. Median progression-free survival with BRAF therapy was 5.0 months, and overall survival was 10.8 months.


CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm the activity of targeted therapy in patients with BRAF-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Further trials are warranted to study combination therapies and drug resistance mechanisms.
Social Media Use in the United States: Implications for Health Communication

BACKGROUND
Given the rapid changes in the communication landscape brought about by participative Internet use and social media, it is important to develop a better understanding of these technologies and their impact on health communication. The first step in this effort is to identify the characteristics of current social media users. Up-to-date reporting of current social media use will help monitor the growth of social media and inform health promotion/communication efforts aiming to effectively utilize social media.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study is to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with current adult social media users in the United States.


METHODS
Data came from the 2007 iteration of the Health Information National Trends Study (HINTS, N = 7674). HINTS is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey on health-related communication trends and practices. Survey respondents who reported having accessed the Internet (N = 5078) were asked whether, over the past year, they had (1) participated in an online support group, (2) written in a blog, (3) visited a social networking site. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of each type of social media use.


RESULTS
Approximately 69% of US adults reported having access to the Internet in 2007. Among Internet users, 5% participated in an online support group, 7% reported blogging, and 23% used a social networking site. Multivariate analysis found that younger age was the only significant predictor of blogging and social networking site participation; a statistically significant linear relationship was observed, with younger categories reporting more frequent use. Younger age, poorer subjective health, and a personal cancer experience predicted support group participation. In general, social media are penetrating the US population independent of education, race/ethnicity, or health care access.


CONCLUSIONS
Recent growth of social media is not uniformly distributed across age groups; therefore, health communication programs utilizing social media must first consider the age of the targeted population to help ensure that messages reach the intended audience. While racial/ethnic and health status-related disparities exist in Internet access, among those with Internet access, these characteristics do not affect social media use. This finding suggests that the new technologies, represented by social media, may be changing the communication pattern throughout the United States.
Random fuzzy EOQ model with imperfect quality items

This paper investigates an economic order quantity (EOQ) problem with imperfect quality items, where the percentage of imperfect quality items in each lot is characterized as a random fuzzy variable while the setup cost per lot, the holding cost of each unit item per day, and the inspection cost of each unit item are characterized as fuzzy variables, respectively. In order to maximize the expected long-run average profit, a random fuzzy EOQ model is constructed. Since it is almost impossible to find an analytic method to solve the proposed model, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on the random fuzzy simulation is designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed algorithm is illustrated by a numerical example.
Hinfinity filtering for fuzzy systems with immeasurable premise variables: An uncertain system approach

This paper discusses a design of stable filters withH∞ disturbance attenuation of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systemswith immeasurable premise variables. When we consider the filter design of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems, the selection of premise variables plays an important role. If the premise variable is the state of the system, then a fuzzy system describes a wide class of nonlinear systems. In this case, however, a filter design of fuzzy systems based on parallel distributed compensator idea is infeasible. To avoid such a difficulty, we consider the premise variables uncertainties. Then we consider a robust H∞ filtering problem for such an uncertain system. A solution of the problem is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Some numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A randomized, controlled study to evaluate the role of an in-home asthma disease management program provided by respiratory therapists in improving outcomes and reducing the cost of care.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Asthma management programs (AMP) may reduce costs and improve outcomes in patients with moderate to severe asthma. However, it is not known which personnel are best able to deliver such interventions and what settings are most effective. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an in-home AMP provided by respiratory therapists (RTs) to an AMP provided by nurses (RNs) and to usual care (UC) provided in physician offices or clinics.


METHODS
Subjects (age 18-64) who had been admitted to the emergency department (ED) or hospital for acute asthma exacerbation were randomized to three groups: AMP-RT, AMP-RN or UC. The AMP groups received five (5) weekly home visits to provide assessment and instruction; the UC group was instructed to return to their physician for routine follow-up. Outcomes assessed at 6 months included hospitalizations, in patient days, hospitalization cost, ED visits and cost, clinic visits, pulmonary function, symptoms, health related quality of life (HRQOL), asthma episode self-management score (AESM), environmental assessment, and patient satisfaction (PS). Variables were compared using ANOVA with a Neuman-Keuls follow-up for multiple comparisons using an intent-to-treat approach.


RESULTS
Upon enrollment, (n = 159) there were no differences (p > .05) between groups for age, gender, pulmonary function or HRQOL (SF-36 and St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire - SGRQ). At 6 months, both AMP groups (AMP-RN n = 54; AMP-RT n = 46) had significantly fewer (p < 0.05) hospitalizations and in-patient days, lower hospitalization costs, and greater HRQOL physical component summary change scores (PCS) and PS than UC (n = 59). AMP-RT also had greater PEFR, SGRQ Total and SGRQ Symptoms change scores when compared to UC and significantly better AESM and PS scores as compared to AMP-RN and UC.


CONCLUSIONS
An in-home asthma management program can be effectively delivered by respiratory therapists and may reduce hospitalizations, in-patient days, cost and improve measures of HRQOL and PS in a population prone to asthma exacerbation.
The Robust Estimation of Multiple Motions: Parametric and Piecewise-Smooth Flow Fields

reflections, shadows, or fragmented occlusion (for example, looking through the branches of a tree). The assumpMost approaches for estimating optical flow assume that, within a finite image region, only a single motion is present. tion may also be violated when the region spans a depth This single motion assumption is violated in common situations discontinuity in the scene. The standard spatial coherence involving transparency, depth discontinuities, independently constraint suffers from the same problem. It assumes that moving objects, shadows, and specular reflections. To robustly the flow within a neighborhood changes gradually since it estimate optical flow, the single motion assumption must be is caused by a single motion. Optical flow, however, is relaxed. This paper presents a framework based on robust estitypically only piecewise smooth since depth boundaries in mation that addresses violations of the brightness constancy the scene may give rise to discontinuities in the flow field and spatial smoothness assumptions caused by multiple moas a result of motion parallax or the independent motion tions. We show how the robust estimation framework can be of objects. In these common situations, most current apapplied to standard formulations of the optical flow problem proaches cannot recover the multiple motions, give erronethus reducing their sensitivity to violations of their underlying ous motion estimates for the region, and fail to signal that assumptions. The approach has been applied to three standard the underlying assumption of a single motion has been viotechniques for recovering optical flow: area-based regression, lated. correlation, and regularization with motion discontinuities. The fundamental problem is that the estimation of optiThis paper focuses on the recovery of multiple parametric motion models within a region, as well as the recovery of piecewisecal flow involves the pooling of constraints over some spasmooth flow fields, and provides examples with natural and tial neighborhood. To gain accurate estimates this region synthetic image sequences.  1996 Academic Press, Inc. must be sufficiently large to constrain the solution (the standard aperture problem), yet the larger the region of integration the more likely it is to contain multiple motions
A Short Note on Bandyopadhyay's Proof of the Decipherability Criterion of Sardinas and Patterson

For completeness, the sufficiency part of Bandyopadhyay's proof of the decipherability criterion of Sardinas and Patterson for coded messages is proven in general.
Trends in binge and heavy drinking, alcohol-related problems, and combat exposure in the U.S. military.

Population-based Department of Defense health behavior surveys were examined for binge and heavy drinking among U.S. active duty personnel. From 1998-2008, personnel showed significant increases in heavy drinking (15% to 20%) and binge drinking (35% to 47%). The rate of alcohol-related serious consequences was 4% for nonbinge drinkers, 9% for binge drinkers, and 19% for heavy drinkers. Personnel with high combat exposure had significantly higher rates of heavy (26.8%) and binge (54.8%) drinking than their counterparts (17% and 45%, respectively). Heavy and binge drinking put service members at high risk for problems that diminish force readiness and psychological fitness.
Transcardiac conducted electrical weapon (TASER) probe deployments: incidence and outcomes.

BACKGROUND
TASER (TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ) conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are commonly used by law enforcement officers. Although animal studies have suggested that transcardiac CEW discharges may produce direct cardiac effects, this has not been demonstrated in human studies.


OBJECTIVES
This study sought to determine the incidence and outcomes of transcardiac CEW probe impact locations in a large series of actual CEW deployments.


METHODS
A multi-center database of consecutive CEW uses by law enforcement officers was retrospectively reviewed. Case report forms were independently reviewed by three investigators to identify cases with paired probe configurations potentially producing a transcardiac discharge vector. Descriptive analysis was performed and inter-rater reliability was assessed.


RESULTS
Among 1201 total CEW uses, 813 included probe deployments and 178 cases had paired anterior probe impacts potentially capable of producing a transcardiac discharge vector. This represents 14.8% of all CEW uses (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9-16.9%) and 21.9% of CEW uses in probe mode (95% CI 19.1-24.9%). Inter-rater agreement was very good, with kappa = 0.82. There were no immediate deaths in any cases (97.5% CI 0.0-0.3%) to suggest a cardiac dysrhythmia, including those with transcardiac discharge vector.


CONCLUSION
CEW deployments with probe impact configurations capable of producing a transcardiac discharge occur in a minority of cases in field use conditions. None of these cases, transcardiac or otherwise, produced immediately fatal dysrhythmias. These data support the overall safety of CEWs and provide a benchmark estimate of the likelihood of transcardiac discharge vectors occurring in field use of CEWs.
A Survey on Offline Handwriting Recognition Systems

Handwriting recognition is one of the most challenging and fascinating areas in the field of image processing and machine learning. Its various practical applications include digitizing documents, reading handwritten notes and addresses on postcards, reading the amounts on checks and so on. This paper provides an overview of the different techniques used in the different phases of offline handwriting recognition.
Septoplasty pearls.

Techniques used for the diagnoses and treatment of septal deformity vary according to indications for the procedure and surgeon preference. Septoplasty is commonly performed to treat septal deformity causing nasal airway obstruction. Various preoperative and intraoperative "pearls" that the authors have found to be helpful in treating septal deformity and nasal airway obstruction are discussed.
Cooperative tracking using mobile robots and environment-embedded, networked sensors

We study the target tracking problem using multiple, environment-embedded, stationary sensors and mobile robots. An architecture for robot motion coordination is presented which exploits a shared topological map of the environment. The stationary sensors and robots maintain region-based density estimates which are used to guide the robots to parts of the environment where unobserved targets may be present. Experiments in simulation show that the region-based approach works better than a naive target following approach when the number of targets in the environment is high.
Find Duplicates among the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Databases in Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
Finding duplicates is an important phase of systematic review. However, no consensus regarding the methods to find duplicates has been provided. This study aims to describe a pragmatic strategy of combining auto- and hand-searching duplicates in systematic review and to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of duplicates.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
Literatures regarding portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) were searched by the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. Duplicates included one index paper and one or more redundant papers. They were divided into type-I (duplicates among different databases) and type-II (duplicate publications in different journals/issues) duplicates. For type-I duplicates, reference items were further compared between index and redundant papers. Of 10936 papers regarding PVT, 2399 and 1307 were identified as auto- and hand-searched duplicates, respectively. The prevalence of auto- and hand-searched redundant papers was 11.0% (1201/10936) and 6.1% (665/10936), respectively. They included 3431 type-I and 275 type-II duplicates. Of 11403 papers regarding BCS, 3275 and 2064 were identified as auto- and hand-searched duplicates, respectively. The prevalence of auto- and hand-searched redundant papers was 14.4% (1640/11403) and 9.1% (1039/11403), respectively. They included 5053 type-I and 286 type-II duplicates. Most of type-I duplicates were identified by auto-searching method (69.5%, 2385/3431 in PVT literatures; 64.6%, 3263/5053 in BCS literatures). Nearly all type-II duplicates were identified by hand-searching method (94.9%, 261/275 in PVT literatures; 95.8%, 274/286 in BCS literatures). Compared with those identified by auto-searching method, type-I duplicates identified by hand-searching method had a significantly higher prevalence of wrong items (47/2385 versus 498/1046, p<0.0001 in PVT literatures; 30/3263 versus 778/1790, p<0.0001 in BCS literatures). Most of wrong items originated from EMBASE database.


CONCLUSION
Given the inadequacy of a single strategy of auto-searching method, a combined strategy of auto- and hand-searching methods should be employed to find duplicates in systematic review.
Sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorders and impact on functioning.

Children with autism experience many challenges that affect their ability to function. Sensory processing disorder and, specifically, sensory modulation disorder can compound dysfunction and further inhibit participation in productive activities. Through detection of and referral for sensory modulation disorders, treatment can be accessed. Emerging treatment evidence points to functional gains for autism and sensory modulation disorder that can ease the burden that this combination of symptoms has on the everyday life of children with autism.
Natriuretic and neurohormonal responses to nesiritide, furosemide, and combined nesiritide and furosemide in patients with stable systolic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND
In patients with heart failure, few data describe the neurohormonal response to nesiritide and furosemide either alone or in combination. This study systematically compared the effects of nesiritide, furosemide, and their combination on natriuresis/diuresis and plasma aldosterone in patients with chronic stable heart failure who were relatively diuretic resistant.


HYPOTHESIS
Natriuretic, diuretic, and neurohormonal responses to furosemide and nesiritide will differ when these agents are administered alone vs. in combination.


METHODS
Twenty-eight subjects completed a multicenter, open-label, three-arm crossover study. Each subject received the following treatments in random order on alternate days: (1) furosemide, 40 mg intravenous bolus; (2) nesiritide, 2 microg/kg intravenous bolus followed by a 0.01 microg/kg/min infusion for 6 hours; (3) both furosemide and nesiritide, with furosemide given at least 15 minutes after initiation of nesiritide.


RESULTS
Plasma aldosterone increased by 2.2 +/- 1.6 ng/dL after furosemide alone, decreased by 3.9 +/- 1.6 ng/dL after nesiritide alone (P = 0.005 vs furosemide alone and P = 0.56 vs furosemide plus nesiritide), and decreased by 2.8 +/- 1.6 ng/dL after furosemide plus nesiritide (P = 0.02 vs furosemide alone).


CONCLUSIONS
Furosemide alone produced natriuresis/diuresis and a prompt rise in plasma aldosterone values. Nesiritide alone produced no significant natriuresis/diuresis, but decreased plasma aldosterone values. When furosemide was administered on a background of nesiritide infusion, the observed natriuresis/diuresis was similar to that seen with furosemide alone, without the anticipated increase in plasma aldosterone observed with furosemide alone.