LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Information technology and systems justification: A review for research and applications

Information technology (IT) such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), wireless, the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), and Information Systems (IS) such as Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) systems and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have had tremendous impact in education, healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, retailing, pure services, and even war. Many organizations turned to IT/IS to help them achieve their goals; however, many failed to achieve the full potential of IT/IS. These failures can be attributed at least in part to a weak link in the planning process. That weak link is the IT/IS justification process. The decision-making process has only grown more difficult in recent years with the increased complexity of business brought about by the rapid growth of supply chain management, the virtual enterprise and E-business. These are but three of the many changes in the business environment over the past 10–12 years. The complexities of this dynamic new business environment should be taken into account in IT/IS justification. We conducted a review of the current literature on IT/IS justification. The purpose of the literature review was to assemble meaningful information for the development of a framework for IT/IS evaluation that better reflects the new business environment. A suitable classification scheme has been proposed for organizing the literature reviewed. Directions for future research are indicated. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
External Interaction, Innovation and Productivity: An Application of the Innovation Value Chain to Ireland

This paper analyses the innovation value chain for the Irish Community Innovation Survey: 2004-2006. The contribution is to estimate innovation and productivity simultaneously. The key finding is that feedback effects are vital, with more productive firms being more innovative and more innovative firms being more productive. External knowledge sources may affect the decision to innovate but have no positive effect on innovation performance. There is evidence of dichotomous knowledge sourcing in Ireland, with some firms sourcing from market agents and others, especially hightechnology businesses, from universities.
Iterative Single Data Algorithm for Training Kernel Machines from Huge Data Sets : Theory and Performance

Abstract. The chapter introduces the latest developments and results of Iterative Single Data Algorithm (ISDA) for solving large-scale support vector machines (SVMs) problems. First, the equality of a Kernel AdaTron (KA) method (originating from a gradient ascent learning approach) and the Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) learning algorithm (based on an analytic quadratic programming step for a model without bias term b) in designing SVMs with positive definite kernels is shown for both the nonlinear classification and the nonlinear regression tasks. The chapter also introduces the classic Gauss-Seidel procedure and its derivative known as the successive over-relaxation algorithm as viable (and usually faster) training algorithms. The convergence theorem for these related iterative algorithms is proven. The second part of the chapter presents the effects and the methods of incorporating explicit bias term b into the ISDA. The algorithms shown here implement the single training data based iteration routine (a.k.a. per-pattern learning). This makes the proposed ISDAs remarkably quick. The final solution in a dual domain is not an approximate one, but it is the optimal set of dual variables which would have been obtained by using any of existing and proven QP problem solvers if they only could deal with huge data sets.
Virtual reality based neuro-rehabilitation for mental stress reduction

Mental stress is a serious problem experienced by college students which often leads to a decline in academic performance, limited social life, alcoholism and drug abuse. Conventional treatments for coping with mental stress hinge on the affected individual's interaction with a psychiatrist/social support group or indulging in relaxing activities. Virtual Reality therapy (VRT) is an upcoming technique for mental stress treatment, which confines the interaction of the user with a Virtual Environment (VE). In this study, we segregate the participants into two test groups-Control and Stressed. Each participant is induced with stress by means of the Color STROOP task. Then the participant is subjected to a VR-based stress therapy that includes an Island environment, a forest environment and calming instrumental music. Effectiveness of the therapy is assessed using the participant's task performances before and after VRT along with the Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [1] questionnaire.
Scalable Learning of Non-Decomposable Objectives

Modern retrieval systems are often driven by an underlying machine learning model. The goal of such systems is to identify and possibly rank the few most relevant items for a given query or context. Thus, such systems are typically evaluated using a ranking-based performance metric such as the area under the precision-recall curve, the Fβ score, precision at fixed recall, etc. Obviously, it is desirable to train such systems to optimize the metric of interest. In practice, due to the scalability limitations of existing approaches for optimizing such objectives, large-scale retrieval systems are instead trained to maximize classification accuracy, in the hope that performance as measured via the true objective will also be favorable. In this work we present a unified framework that, using straightforward building block bounds, allows for highly scalable optimization of a wide range of ranking-based objectives. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach on several real-life retrieval problems that are significantly larger than those considered in the literature, while achieving substantial improvement in performance over the accuracyobjective baseline. Proceedings of the 20 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2017, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. JMLR: W&CP volume 54. Copyright 2017 by the author(s).
British Art and the First World War, 1914-1924

Introduction 1. The outbreak of war and the business of art 2. Perceptions of art 3. The arts mobilize 4. War pictures: truth, fiction, function 5. Peace pictures: escapism, consolation, catharsis 6. Art and society after the war Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Conventional Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

No previous studies have assessed the persistence of immune responses in individuals with diabetes. We conducted this study to evaluate the long-term immunogenicity and safety of an influenza vaccine in type 2 diabetic subjects compared with nondiabetic controls. A randomized and controlled study was conducted at two university hospitals during the 2012-2013 influenza season. The study vaccine was a standard-dose trivalent subunit inactivated intramuscular vaccine. Serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies were measured at the time of vaccination and 1 month and 6 months after vaccination. Local and systemic reactions were recorded for 7 days. A total of 105 diabetic patients and 108 controls were included in the analysis. One month after vaccination, both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups satisfied all of the criteria of the Committee for Medical Products for Human Use (CHMP), and the immunogenicity profiles were statistically similar between the two groups. Although the vaccine was well tolerated, and all adverse reactions were mild to moderate, there was a tendency toward a reduced incidence of local reactions in the diabetic group. All values in the long-term immunogenicity profiles were statistically similar between the two groups, except for the seroprotection rate for the A/H1N1 influenza virus strain, which was significantly lower in the elderly diabetic group than that in the elderly nondiabetic group. However, in multivariate analysis, long-term immunogenicity was associated with age and prevaccination titer, regardless of diabetes status. (This study has been registered at CRIS [https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/] under registration no. KCT0001423.).
The effect of transfers on household expenditure patterns and poverty in South Africa

This paper uses household level unit record data from South Africa to examine the behavioural and welfare impacts of private and public transfers. We allow for joint endogeneity of resource variables and the expenditure shares. Our results show that crowding out of private transfers as a result of the introduction of public pensions holds only for poor households and not for the non-poor. Both private transfers and public pensions significantly reduce poverty but private transfers have a larger impact on expenditure patterns. The results also reject the hypothesis of income pooling underlying the conventional unitary model by finding that the marginal impact on expenditures are different for public pension received, private transfer received and other resources flowing into the household. The principal conclusions are robust to changes in specification. D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: I32; I38; D12; C32
Chilling Injury in Peaches: A Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Cell Wall Study

Fruits of mid(‘O’Henry’), late (’Airtime’), and extra-late-season (‘Autumn Gem’) peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars were examined for changes in cell wall structure and cytochemistry that accompany the onset of mealiness and leatheriness of the mesocarp due to chilling injury. The peaches were stored at 10C for up to 18 days or at SC for up to 29 days. Plastic-embedded sections were stained by the Schiff’s-periodic acid reaction, Calcofluor white MR2, and Coriphosphine to demonstrate total insoluble carbohydrates, ß-1,4 glucans, and pectins, respectively. Mealiness was characterized by separation of mesocarp parenchyma cells leading to increased intercellular spaces and accumulation of pectic substances in the intercellular matrix. Little structural change was apparent in the cellulosic component of the cell walls of these fruits. In leathery peaches, the mesocarp parenchyma cells collapsed, intercellular space continued to increase, and pectin-positive staining in the intercellular matrix increased greatly. In addition, the component of the cell walls that stained positively for ß-1,4 glucans became thickened relative to freshly harvested or mealy fruit. At the ultrastructural level, dissolution of the middle lamella, cell separation, irregular thickening of the primary wall, and plasmolysis of the mesocarp parenchyma cells were seen as internal breakdown progressed. The postharvest life of peaches is often limited by chilling injury (CI), which becomes evident in susceptible cultivars after 2 to 3 weeks of storage at temperatures below 10C (Lill et al., 1989). Lack of juiciness (mealiness, woolliness, or leatheriness), browning of the flesh, increased susceptibility to decay, and loss of ability to ripen are some of the CI symptoms of peach. Initial response to temperature is considered to involve physical factors such as membrane alterations and protein/enzyme diffusion; however, physiological changes that lead to losses of structural integrity and overall fruit quality also occur
Blunted erythropoietin production and defective iron supply for erythropoiesis as major causes of anaemia in patients with chronic heart failure.

AIMS
Anaemia is often observed in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and it may be associated with a worse prognosis. Aim of this study was to identify the individual mechanisms of anaemia in CHF patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
One hundred and forty-eight consecutive patients with haemoglobin concentration <13 g/dL (if males) or <12 g/dL (if females) were enrolled. Factors responsible for anaemia were investigated by evaluating endogenous erythropoietin (Epo) production, serum cytokines levels, body iron status, and iron supply for erythropoiesis. Most patients (57%) presented anaemia of chronic disease and among them, 92% showed evidence of a defective endogenous Epo production. This was indicated by an observed/predicted log(serum Epo) ratio less than 0.8 and/or a defective iron supply for erythropoiesis diagnosed by low transferrin saturation and/or increased value of soluble transferrin receptor. According to regression analysis sex, renal failure, and serum Epo were correlated with anaemia.


CONCLUSION
According to our study, about half of anaemic CHF patients showed anaemia of chronic disease with blunted endogenous Epo production and/or a defective iron supply for erythropoiesis. Determination of the individual mechanisms of anaemia in CHF could justify a rational therapeutic approach to anaemia.
Prehospital triage to primary stroke centers and rate of stroke thrombolysis.

IMPORTANCE
Implementation of prehospital stroke triage is a public policy intervention that can have an immediate impact on acute stroke care in a region. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact that a citywide policy recommending prehospital triage of patients with suspected stroke to the nearest primary stroke center had on intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in Chicago, Illinois.


DESIGN
Retrospective multicenter cohort study from September 1, 2010, to August 31, 2011 (6 months before and after intervention that began March 1, 2011).


SETTING
Ten primary stroke center hospitals in Chicago.


PATIENTS
All admitted patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. INTERVENTION Prehospital triage policy of patients with stroke to primary stroke centers.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Intravenous tPA use (measured as a fraction of patients with ischemic strokes arriving through the emergency department). RESULTS There were 1075 stroke and transient ischemic attack admissions in the pretriage period and 1172 in the posttriage period. Patient demographic characteristics including age, sex, and risk factors were similar between the 2 periods (mean age, 65 years; 53% female). Compared with the pretriage period, use of emergency medical services increased from 30.2% to 38.1% (P < .001) and emergency medical services prenotification increased from 65.5% to 76.5% (P = .001) after implementation. Rates of intravenous tPA use were 3.8% and 10.1% (P < .001) and onset-to-treatment times decreased from 171.7 to 145.7 minutes (P = .03) in the pretriage and posttriage periods, respectively. Stroke unit admission, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates, and in-hospital mortality were not significantly different between periods. Adjusting for mode of arrival, prehospital notification, and onset-to-arrival time, the posttriage period was independently associated with increased tPA use for patients with ischemic stroke presenting through the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.34-3.64).


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Implementation of a prehospital stroke triage policy in Chicago resulted in significant improvements in emergency medical services use and prenotification and more than doubled intravenous tPA use at primary stroke centers.
Evaluation of the efficacy and usability of NCI's Facing Forward booklet in the cancer community setting.

INTRODUCTION
The NCI developed the print-based educational brochure, Facing Forward, to fill a gap in helping cancer patients meet the challenges of transitioning from active treatment to survivorship; however, little research has been conducted on its efficacy.


PURPOSE
The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of Facing Forward in promoting the uptake of recommended behaviors (e.g., ways to manage physical changes) and to explore its usability.


METHODS
At the last treatment appointment, early-stage breast, prostate, colorectal, and thoracic cancer patients (N = 340) recruited from community clinical oncology practices and an academic medical center completed a baseline assessment and were randomized to receive either Facing Forward (n = 175) or an attention control booklet about the NCI's Cancer Information Service (n = 165). Patients completed follow-up assessments at 8 weeks and 6 months post-baseline.


RESULTS
The reported uptake of recommended stress management behaviors was greater among intervention than control participants at both 8 weeks post-baseline (p = 0.016) and 6 months post-baseline (p = 0.017). At 8 weeks post-baseline, the intervention control group difference was greater among African-American than Caucasian participants (p < 0.03) and significant only among the former (p < 0.003); attendance at a cancer support group was also greater among the intervention than control group participants (p < 0.02). There were no significant intervention control group differences in the reported uptake of recommended behaviors in three other categories (p > 0.025). Intervention participants rated Facing Forward as understandable and helpful and indicated a high level of intention to try the behaviors recommended.


CONCLUSIONS
Facing Forward can enhance early-stage survivors' reported ability to manage stress and increase support group use during the reentry period.


IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
Facing Forward can help survivors meet the challenges of the reentry period.
Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Low Corneal Astigmatism: Implantation of the Acrysof IQ Toric SN6AT2 Intraocular Lens

PURPOSE
To assess the refractive and visual outcomes following cataract surgery and implantation of the AcrySof IQ Toric SN6AT2 intraolcular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) in patients with low corneal astigmatism.


METHODS
This study is a retrospective, consecutive, single surgeon series of 98 eyes of 88 patients (with low preoperative corneal astigmatism) undergoing cataract surgery and implantation of the AcrySof IQ Toric SN6AT2 IOL. Postoperative measurements were obtained 1-month postsurgery. Main outcome measures were monocular distance visual acuity and residual refractive astigmatism.


RESULTS
Mean preoperative corneal astigmatic power vector (APV) was 0.38±0.09 D. Following surgery and implantation of the toric IOL, mean postoperative refractive APV was 0.13±0.10 D. Mean postoperative distance uncorrected visual acuity was 0.08±0.09 logMAR. Postoperative spherical equivalent refraction (SER) resulted in a mean of -0.23±0.22 D, with 96% of eyes falling within 0.50 D of the target SER.


CONCLUSION
The AcrySof IQ Toric SN6AT2 IOL is a safe and effective option for eyes undergoing cataract surgery with low levels of preoperative corneal astigmatism.
Near-optimal, dynamic module reconfiguration in a photovoltaic system to combat partial shading effects

Partial shading is a serious obstacle to effective utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems since it can result in significant output power degradation for the system. A PV system is organized as a series connection of PV modules, each module comprising of a number of series-parallel connected cells. This paper presents modified PV cell structures with integrated switches, imbalanced cell connection topologies for PV modules, and a dynamic programming algorithm to produce near-optimal reconfigurations of each PV module with the goal of maximizing the system output power level under any partial shading patterns. Through simulations, we have demonstrated up to a factor of 2.3X improvement in the output power level of a PV system comprised of 3 PV modules with 60 PV cells per module.
Testing a dynamic process of policy making in civil rights

Abstract Presidential influence is examined at successive stages of the civil rights policy process. The sequential nature of the policy process implies a temporal component. We find support for short term linkages and the existence of institutional constraint over and above the impact of individual presidents. Longer term, year to year, linkages prove less important. For civil rights, then, the policy process is predominantly a short term phenomenon in which presidential discretion and independence are constrained by institutional factors. The president's ability to respond to external factors is part of presidential influence in the civil rights policy process.
Copper and Transparent-Conductor Reflectarray Elements on Thin-Film Solar Cell Panels

This work addresses the task of integrating reflectarray antennas on thin-film solar cell panels, as a means to save real estate, weight or cost of platforms, such as satellites or transportable autonomous antenna systems. Reflectarray unit cell families, having large phase range, high optical transparency and low microwave loss, are designed to preserve their efficiency in terms of solar cell and reflectarray antenna efficiency. Because there is a trade-off between the optical transparency and microwave surface conductivity of a conductor, both standard copper and transparent conductors were considered here. The results obtained at the unit cell level demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of integrating reflectarray on a thin-film solar cell, preserving good performance in terms of both solar cell and reflectarray efficiency. For instance, using copper, measurement at X-band demonstrates a phase range larger than 270 ° with an average microwave loss of 0.25 dB and average optical transparency in the visible spectrum of 85%. Using transparent conductor contributes to better average transparency (90%) at the cost of increase in microwave loss (2.45 dB).
A Literature Review on the Design of Spherical Rolling Robots

There are many advantages to the use of spherical robot designs. The current status of the design of spherical rolling robots is reviewed.
Real-time planning with primitives for dynamic walking over uneven terrain

We present an algorithm for receding-horizon motion planning using a finite family of motion primitives for underactuated dynamic walking over uneven terrain. The motion primitives are defined as virtual holonomic constraints, and the special structure of underactuated mechanical systems operating subject to virtual constraints is used to construct closed-form solutions and a special binary search tree that dramatically speed up motion planning. We propose a greedy depth-first search and discuss improvement using energy-based heuristics. The resulting algorithm can plan several footsteps ahead in a fraction of a second for both the compass-gait walker and a planar 7-Degree-of-freedom/five-link walker.