LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Burial and thermal history of Proterozoic source rocks in Oman

Abstract A geological and thermal history of the Proterozoic sedimentary basin in Oman was reconstructed to determine the time of hydrocarbon generation from the Proterozoic Huqf Group source rocks. Data from 97 exploration wells, and supplementary seismic reflection profiles were used to establish the burial graphs for the source rocks at all 97 locations. The overburden removed during formation of regional unconformities was estimated from regional geological data, compaction trends, and fission track analyses. The thermal history was reconstructed on the basis of present-day temperature data in the wells, heat flow models, and the palaeo surface temperature history. The calculated present-day surface heat flow map shows very low values (35–40 mW/m 2 ) over the basin axis, while on the edges the values are in the range 55–65 mW/m 2 . The results of the maturity calculations show that in northwest Oman oil generation occurred mainly during the Mesozoic, and that probably a large proportion of the traps in which reserves have been discovered was formed just before the last oil generation phase. However, in the central and southeastern part of the country hydrocarbon generation stopped about 400 Ma ago. This is due to the maximum burial temperature being reached at around that time. Considering the fact that almost all traps in which reserves have been located are significantly younger than the time of oil generation, one has to invoke processes of remigration to explain the oil occurrences. The geological data from Oman show that the eastern margin of the country, presently facing the Arabian Sea has been a high for most of its Phanerozoic history. The data on quantities of eroded and deposited sediments lend support for the theory that the margin was formed by a transform fault.
The support vector decomposition machine

In machine learning problems with tens of thousands of features and only dozens or hundreds of independent training examples, dimensionality reduction is essential for good learning performance. In previous work, many researchers have treated the learning problem in two separate phases: first use an algorithm such as singular value decomposition to reduce the dimensionality of the data set, and then use a classification algorithm such as naïve Bayes or support vector machines to learn a classifier. We demonstrate that it is possible to combine the two goals of dimensionality reduction and classification into a single learning objective, and present a novel and efficient algorithm which optimizes this objective directly. We present experimental results in fMRI analysis which show that we can achieve better learning performance and lower-dimensional representations than two-phase approaches can.
FastFlow: High-level and Efficient Streaming on Multi-core

Computer hardware manufacturers have moved decisively to multi-core and are currently experimenting with increasingly advanced many-core architectures. In the long term, writing efficient, portable and correct parallel programs targeting multiand many-core architectures must become no more challenging than writing the same programs for sequential computers. To date, however, most applications running on multicore machines do not exploit fully the potential of these architectures. This situation is in part due to the scarcity of good high-level programming tools suitable for multi/manycore architectures, and in part to the fact that multi-core programming is still viewed as a kind of exotic branch of high-performance computing (HPC) rather than being perceived as the de facto standard programming practice for the masses. Some efforts have been made to provide programmers with tools suitable for mapping data parallel computations onto both multi-cores and GPUs–the most popular many-core currently available. Tools have also been developed to support stream parallel computations [34, 31] as stream parallelism de facto represents a pattern characteristic of a large class of (potentially) parallel applications. Two major issues with these programming environments and tools relate to programmability and efficiency. Programmability is often impaired by the modest level of abstraction provided to the programmer. Efficiency more generally suffers from the peculiarities related to effective exploitation of the memory hierarchy. As a consequence, two distinct but synergistic needs exist: on the one hand, increasingly efficient mechanisms supporting correct concurrent access to shared memory data structures are needed; on the other hand there is a need for higher level programming environments capable of hiding the difficulties related to the correct and efficient use of shared memory objects by raising the level of abstraction provided to application programmers. To address these needs we introduce and discuss FastFlow, a programming framework specifically targeting cache-coherent shared-memory multi-cores. FastFlow is implemented as a stack of C++ template libraries. The lowest layer of FastFlow provides very efficient lock-free (and memory fence free) synchronization base mechanisms. The middle layer provides distinctive communication mechanisms supporting both single producer-multiple consumer and multiple producer-single consumer communications. These
A phase II study of the combination of rituximab and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor as treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

DISCLAIMER: The ideas and opinions expressed in the journal’s Just Accepted articles do not necessarily reflect those of Informa Healthcare (the Publisher), the Editors or the journal. The Publisher does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of the material contained in these articles. The reader is advised to check the appropriate medical literature and the product information currently provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the dosages, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the treating physician or other health care professional, relying on his or her independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine drug dosages and the best treatment for the patient. Just Accepted articles have undergone full scientific review but none of the additional editorial preparation, such as copyediting, typesetting, and proofreading, as have articles published in the traditional manner. There may, therefore, be errors in Just Accepted articles that will be corrected in the final print and final online version of the article. Any use of the Just Accepted articles is subject to the express understanding that the papers have not yet gone through the full quality control process prior to publication. Just Accepted by Leukemia & Lymphoma
TMVA - Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT : Users guide

Multivariate machine learning techniques for the classification of data from high-energy physics (HEP) experiments have become standard tools in most HEP analyses. The multivariate classifiers themselves have significantly evolved in recent years, also driven by developments in other areas inside and outside science. TMVA is a toolkit integrated in ROOT which hosts a large variety of multivariate classification algorithms. They range from rectangular cut optimisation (using a genetic algorithm) and likelihood estimators, over linear and non-linear discriminants (neural networks), to sophisticated recent developments like boosted decision trees and rule ensemble fitting. TMVA organises the simultaneous training, testing, and performance evaluation of all these classifiers with a user-friendly interface, and expedites the application of the trained classifiers to the analysis of data sets with unknown sample composition. TMVA 3.6 – Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT Copyright c © 2005-2007, Regents of CERN (Switzerland), University of Victoria (Canada), MIP-Kernphysik Heidelberg (Germany), and LAPP (France). BSD license: http://tmva.sf.net/LICENSE. Authors: Andreas Höcker (CERN, Switzerland), 〈andreas.hoecker@cern.ch〉, Jörg Stelzer (CERN, Switzerland) 〈joerg.stelzer@cern.ch〉, Fredrik Tegenfeldt (Iowa University, USA) 〈fredrik.tegenfeldt@cern.ch〉, Helge Voss (MPI für Kernphysik Heidelberg, Germany) 〈helge.voss@cern.ch〉, Kai Voss (University of Victoria, Canada) 〈kai.voss@cern.ch〉, Asen Christov (Universität Freiburg, Germany) 〈christov@physik.uni-freiburg.de〉, Sophie Henrot-Versillé (LAL Orsay, Francs) 〈versille@lal.in2p3.fr〉, Matthew Jachowski (Stanford University, USA) 〈jachowski@stanford.edu〉, Yair Mahalalel (Tel Aviv University, Israel) 〈yair@mahalalel.com〉, Xavier Prudent (LAPP Annecy, Franec) 〈prudent@lapp.in2p3.fr〉, Peter Speckmayer (CERN, Switzerland) 〈speckmay@mail.cern.ch〉, and valuable contributions from other developers, please see acknowledgments.
Image quality and reconstruction intervals of dual-source CT coronary angiography: recommendations for ECG-pulsing windowing.

PURPOSE
To evaluate reconstruction intervals and image quality in dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography for optimal placement of the ECG-pulsing window.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
DSCT coronary angiography was performed in 60 patients. Thirteen datasets were reconstructed in 5% increments from 20-80%. Two readers independently assessed image quality of each segment in each percentage-interval, using scores ranging from 1 (no motion artifacts) to 4 (nonevaluable).


RESULTS
Mean heart rate (HR) was 69.0 +/- 18.9 beats per minute (bpm) (range, 35-117 bpm). Diagnostic image quality (scores 1-3) was found in 97.8% of all segments (763 of 780). The 70% RR-interval provided best image quality in all patients and all HRs. The narrowest reconstruction window providing diagnostic image quality was 60-70% for HR <60 bpm, 60-80% for 60-70 bpm, 55-80% for 70-80 bpm, and 30-80% for HR >80 bpm.


CONCLUSIONS
DSCT coronary angiography provides best image quality for various HRs at 70%. The ECG-pulsing window can be adapted according to the HR while maintaining diagnostic image quality.
Vocational rehabilitation in early psychosis: cluster randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
Individual placement and support (IPS) is effective in helping patients return to work but is poorly implemented because of clinical ambivalence and fears of relapse.


AIMS
To assess whether a motivational intervention (motivational interviewing) directed at clinical staff to address ambivalence about employment improved patients' occupational outcomes.


METHOD
Two of four early intervention teams that already provided IPS were randomised to receive motivational interviewing training for clinicians, focused on attitudinal barriers to employment. The trial was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Register (ISRCTN71943786).


RESULTS
Of 300 eligible participants, 159 consented to the research. Occupational outcomes were obtained for 134 patients (85%) at 12-month follow-up. More patients in the intervention teams than in the IPS-only teams achieved employment by 12 months (29/68 v. 12/66). A random effects logistic regression accounting for clustering by care coordinator, and adjusted for participants' gender, ethnicity, educational and employment history and clinical status scores, confirmed superiority of the intervention (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% CI 1.5-16.6).


CONCLUSIONS
Employment outcomes were enhanced by addressing clinicians' ambivalence about their patients returning to work.
Effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on chronic primary insomnia.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of long-term moderate aerobic exercise on sleep, quality of life, and mood of individuals with chronic primary insomnia, and to examine whether these effects differed between exercise in the morning and exercise in the late afternoon.


METHODS
Nineteen sedentary individuals with chronic primary insomnia, mean age 45.0 (standard error [SE] 1.9) years, completed a 6-month exercise training protocol, randomized to morning and late-afternoon exercise groups.


RESULTS
Combining polysomnographic data across both time points, this study found a significant decrease in sleep onset latency (from 17.1 [SE 2.6] min to 8.7 [SE 1.4] min; P<0.01) and wake time after sleep onset (from 63.2 [SE 12.8] min to 40.1 [SE 6.0] min), and a significant increase in sleep efficiency (from 79.8 [SE 3.0]% to 87.2 [SE 1.6]%) following exercise. Data from sleep diaries revealed significant improvement in sleep onset latency (from 76.2 [SE 21.5] min to 80.3 [SE 7.4] min) sleep quality (from 41.5 [SE 5.2]% to 59.4 [SE 6.6]%) and feeling rested in the morning (from 50.8 [SE 5.3] to 65.1 [SE 5.0]). There were generally no significant differences in response between morning and late-afternoon exercise. Following exercise, some quality-of-life measures improved significantly, and a significant decrease was seen in the following Profile of Mood State measures: tension-anxiety (from 7.2 [SE 1.0] to 3.5 [SE 1.0]), depression (from 5.9 [SE 1.2] to 3.3 [SE 1.1]) and total mood disturbance (from 9.2 [SE 4.8] to -1.7 [SE 4.8]). These effects did not vary between morning and late-afternoon exercise.


CONCLUSION
Long-term moderate aerobic exercise elicited significant improvements in sleep, quality of life and mood in individuals with chronic primary insomnia.
Emerging drugs for insomnia: new frontiers for old and novel targets.

BACKGROUND
Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with up to 50% of the US adult population reporting symptoms of insomnia on a weekly basis and approximately 12% with insomnia disorder. Comorbid conditions such as depression and anxiety are frequent. Insomnia is more common with older age, female gender and socioeconomic status. Traditionally, therapy has focused on GABA(A) receptor agonists, and off-label antidepressant and antihistamine use.


OBJECTIVE
With increased understanding of complex neural networks involved in sleep and wake, hypnotics are being developed to target a broader variety of receptors with increasing selectivity. This review summarizes promising compounds in Phase II and III trials with evidence supporting efficacy for treatment of insomnia.


METHODS
5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) antagonists, melatonergic (MT1/MT2) agonists, orexin receptor (OX1/OX2) antagonists, as well as GABA(A) receptor agonists are reviewed and summarized. Data are collected from PubMed and Pharmaprojects database searches, company websites, recent scientific meeting presentations and abstracts.


RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS
A variety of drugs targeting several pathways, including GABA(A) agonism, MT1/MT2 agonism, 5-HT(2A) antagonism, OX1/OX2 antagonism and others, are in Phase II and III trials. More work should be done to understand the impact of these drugs in certain populations and in the context of comorbid conditions.
Temporary Overvoltage and GPR Characteristics of Distribution Feeders With Multigrounded Neutral

Three-phase four-wire multigrounded neutral (MGN) is the preferred distribution line configuration in North America. Its performance characteristics, such as temporary overvoltage (voltage swell) and ground potential rise (GPR), are difficult to understand and assess due to the presence of a neutral conductor and the conductor's multiple grounding nature. The characteristics are further affected by unique parameters, such as grounding intervals and the coupling between neutral and phase conductors. This paper conducts analytical studies on the phenomena of temporary overvoltage and GPR associated with MGN configurations. The purpose is to reveal the mechanisms leading to the phenomena and their contributing factors. Approximate formulae are derived to quantify the impact of various factors. The findings are confirmed by the simulation results.
Effects of vildagliptin on postprandial markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis in recently diagnosed, well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients.

BACKGROUND
Bone metabolism is a dynamic process that is influenced by food ingestion. Endogenous incretins have been shown to be important regulators of bone turnover. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor affects markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis.


METHODS
The present study was a single-center, double blind, randomized clinical trail. Fifty-nine drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to either 1 year treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (100 mg, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 30). Patients received a standardized breakfast after measurement of serum concentrations of cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (s-CTx), a bone resorption marker influenced by food intake, before and after 50 weeks treatment.


RESULTS
Vildagliptin did not change postprandial s-CTx concentrations compared with pretreatment levels (between-group ratio 1.15 ± 0.17; P = 0.320). Fasting serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphate were also unaffected y 1 year treatment with vildagliptin.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with vildagliptin for 1 year was not associated with changes in markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis in drug-naïve patients with T2D and mild hyperglycemia.
Hot water bottles and diabetic patients--a cautionary tale.

bottle under his left foot. He woke up one morning and noticed burns on the lateral aspect of the foot. He did not seek any medical help and chose to dress the burn himself. After 2 weeks he noticed a foul smelling discharge from the wound and went to the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department. He was subsequently referred to our hospital department of plastic surgery. On examination he had a large burn on the lateral aspect of the left foot with a thick leathery eschar, which was starting to separate. There was also purulent discharge from the wound, as well as surrounding erythema (Figure 1). He was treated with antibiotics and dressings and was taken to the operating theatre after a few days for debridement of the burn and split skin grafting. The graft was inspected after 5 days and was found to have taken well. The second patient was a 57-year-old man with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who was taking metformin and rosiglitazone and who also had peripheral neuropathy to both feet. He stated that he had not received any specific advice about avoiding accidental injuries to insensate body parts. He used a hot water bottle filled with water from a kettle for warming his feet. He had slept with the bottle between his feet and woke up one morning to notice burns over both feet. He went to the nearest A&E department and was referred to our unit subsequently. On examination he had burns over the lateral aspect of his left foot and the medial aspect of his Rajive Mathew Jose, Ramesh Vidyadharan, Deb Kumar Roy and Matt Erdmann
Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks

During object manipulation tasks, the brain selects and implements action-phase controllers that use sensory predictions and afferent signals to tailor motor output to the physical properties of the objects involved. Analysis of signals in tactile afferent neurons and central processes in humans reveals how contact events are encoded and used to monitor and update task performance.
Comparing different calcification scores to detect outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients with vascular calcification.

BACKGROUND
There is no consensus on the most appropriate technique to diagnose vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. This is primarily because of the absence of direct comparisons of predictive values of the various calcification scores, especially outside the coronary vascular beds, to detect clinical outcomes.


METHODS
We included 93 haemodialysis patients and performed 6 vascular calcification scores: two scores utilised simple X-rays of abdominal aorta and peripheral vessels. CT scans of the thoracic, upper abdominal and lower abdominal aorta were performed to calculate the aortic calcification index and CT of the pelvis for calcification of iliac vessels. Patients were followed for 63months (mean 46.8months) for first major cardiovascular events and mortality.


RESULTS
Nineteen cardiovascular events and 28 deaths occurred. Calcification was detected more sensitively in central and peripheral beds using CT scans compared to X-rays (p<0.001). CT scans detected calcification more frequently in distal than proximal vascular beds (p<0.001). Calcification of the pelvic vessels and lower abdominal aorta were most predictive of events including pre-existing cardiovascular disease O.R. 6.5 (95% C.I. 2-22; p=0.001) and O.R. 3 (95% C.I. 1.1-9; p=0.035); new major cardiovascular events H.R. 4.2 (95% C.I. 1.5-11; p=0.006) and H.R. 2 (95% C.I. 0.8-5.3; p=0.1) as well as mortality H.R. 2.8 (95% C.I. 1.3-6; p=0.01) and H.R. 2.2 (95% C.I. 1.04-5; p=0.04) respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
CT based techniques are more sensitive than plain X-rays at detecting peripheral and aortic vascular calcifications. Distal CT scans of the aorta and pelvic vessels have the highest predictive value for cardiovascular events and mortality.
Newer Is Not Always Better: All Antihypertensive Medications Do Not Equally Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Hypertension contributes more to cardiovascular mortality than any other modifiable risk factor including cigarette use, elevated LDL cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes.1 Forty-five percent of all cardiovascular deaths are attributable to hypertension. In addition, hypertension is a major risk factor for both stroke and myocardial infarction. In large part due to rising obesity rates, the prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. is increasing. According to the NHANES data, from the early 1990s to the most recently available data from 2005–2008, the prevalence of hypertension has risen from 25.5% to 30.9%.2 The majority of the U.S. elderly are hypertensive: the prevalence is 80% of woman and 67% of men aged 75 years or older. Given the pervasiveness and impact of hypertension, it is critically important to assess the effect of various antihypertensive medications on cardiovascular morbidity. Most studies of antihypertensive medication report proxy outcomes, commonly blood pressure reduction, rather than cardiovascular morbidity, and are of relatively brief duration. Two important questions for clinicians are: 1) Does the degree of blood pressure reduction correspond to the magnitude of cardiovascular risk reduction? and 2) Do all antihypertensive medications equally reduce cardiovascular risk?
Pell's Equation

Summary In this article we formalize several basic theorems that correspond to Pell’s equation. We focus on two aspects: that the Pell’s equation x2 − Dy2 = 1 has infinitely many solutions in positive integers for a given D not being a perfect square, and that based on the least fundamental solution of the equation when we can simply calculate algebraically each remaining solution. “Solutions to Pell’s Equation” are listed as item #39 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.