LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced effect of platelet-rich plasma containing a new carrier on hair growth.

BACKGROUND
Treatments for alopecia are in high demand, but not all are safe and reliable. Dalteparin and protamine microparticles (D/P MPs) can effectively carry growth factors (GFs) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP).


OBJECTIVE
To identify the effects of PRP-containing D/P MPs (PRP&D/P MPs) on hair growth.


METHODS & MATERIALS
Participants were 26 volunteers with thin hair who received five local treatments of 3 mL of PRP&D/P MPs (13 participants) or PRP and saline (control, 13 participants) at 2- to 3-week intervals and were evaluated for 12 weeks. Injected areas comprised frontal or parietal sites with lanugo-like hair. Experimental and control areas were photographed. Consenting participants underwent biopsies for histologic examination.


RESULTS
D/P MPs bind to various GFs contained in PRP. Significant differences were seen in hair cross-section but not in hair numbers in PRP and PRP&D/P MP injections. The addition of D/P MPs to PRP resulted in significant stimulation in hair cross-section. Microscopic findings showed thickened epithelium, proliferation of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, and increased vessels around follicles.


CONCLUSION
PRP&D/P MPs and PRP facilitated hair growth but D/P MPs provided additional hair growth. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Improving vulnerability discovery models

Security researchers are applying software reliability models to vulnerability data, in an attempt to model the vulnerability discovery process. I show that most current work on these vulnerability discovery models (VDMs) is theoretically unsound. I propose a standard set of definitions relevant to measuring characteristics of vulnerabilities and their discovery process. I then describe the theoretical requirements of VDMs and highlight the shortcomings of existing work, particularly the assumption that vulnerability discovery is an independent process.
Interventions to reduce stress in university students: a review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
Recent research has revealed concerning rates of anxiety and depression among university students. Nevertheless, only a small percentage of these students receive treatment from university health services. Universities are thus challenged with instituting preventative programs that address student stress and reduce resultant anxiety and depression.


METHOD
A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stress in university students. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the assignment of study participants to experimental or control groups was by random allocation or parallel cohort design.


RESULTS
Retrieved studies represented a variety of intervention approaches with students in a broad range of programs and disciplines. Twenty-four studies, involving 1431 students were included in the meta-analysis. Cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness interventions were associated with decreased symptoms of anxiety. Secondary outcomes included lower levels of depression and cortisol.


LIMITATIONS
Included studies were limited to those published in peer reviewed journals. These studies over-represent interventions with female students in Western countries. Studies on some types of interventions such as psycho-educational and arts based interventions did not have sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis.


CONCLUSION
This review provides evidence that cognitive, behavioral, and mindfulness interventions are effective in reducing stress in university students. Universities are encouraged to make such programs widely available to students. In addition however, future work should focus on developing stress reduction programs that attract male students and address their needs.
Vision-Based Driver-Assistance Systems

Vision-based driver assistance systems are designed for, and implemented in modern vehicles, for improving safety and better comfort. This report reviews areas of research on vision-based driver assistance systems and provides an extensive bibliography for the discussed subjects.
Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine: morphometric confirmation, exposure parameters, and multiple fluorescent labeling of apoptotic neurons.

Ketamine is a widely used pediatric anesthetic recently reported (C. Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74) to enhance neuronal death in neonatal rats. To confirm and extend these results, we treated four groups of PND 7 rats with seven sc doses, one every 90 min, of either saline, 10 mg/kg ketamine, 20 mg/kg ketamine, or a single dose of 20 mg/kg ketamine. The repeated doses of 20 mg/kg ketamine increased the number of silver-positive (degenerating) neurons in the dorsolateral thalamus to a degree comparable to previous results (Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74), i.e., 28-fold vs. 31-fold respectively. However, blood levels of ketamine immediately after the repeated 20 mg/kg doses were about 14 micrograms/ml, about seven-fold greater than anesthetic blood levels in humans (J. M. Malinovsky et al., 1996, Br. J. Anaesth. 77, 203-207; R. A. Mueller and R. Hunt, 1998, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 60, 15-22). Levels of ketamine in blood following exposure to the multiple 10 mg/kg doses of ketamine or to a single 20 mg/kg dose ranged around 2-5 micrograms/ml; although these blood levels are close to an anesthetic level in humans, they failed to produce neurodegeneration. To investigate the mode of ketamine-induced neuronal death, coronal sections were stained with both Fluoro-Jade B (a green fluorescent stain selective for neurodegeneration) and DAPI (a blue DNA stain), as well as for caspase-3 (using an antisera labeled red with rhodamine). These histochemical results confirmed the developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine, demonstrated that Fluoro-Jade B (FJ-B), like silver methods, successfully stained degenerating neurons in neonatal rats, and indicated that ketamine acts by increasing the rate of neuronal apoptosis.
The impact of Synergy Model on nurses’ performance and the satisfaction of patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND
Despite many progresses in the improvement of care status and the management of acute coronary syndrome, cares quality is far from the desirable conditions. Today, due to the great emphasis on resources management, costs control, the effectiveness of patient care, improving quality and responsibility, the good patient care is necessary. Two dimensions are referred for improving the quality: process (standard- based and safe services) and resultant (client satisfaction). The present study, aimed at determining the impact of Synergy Model on nurses' performance and the satisfaction of the patients with acute coronary syndrome.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a quasi- experimental study in a two-group and two-step form, a sample of 22 nurses and 64 patients with acute coronary syndrome in cardiac intensive care units of some university hospitals in 2010-2011 were recruited. Synergy Model was explained and carried out for the studied groups in a workshop and its impact on nurses performance in different areas and patients' satisfaction was examined by using two checklists: examining the nurses' performance quality and examining the patients satisfaction.


FINDINGS
Differences between the mean scores of the nurses in communicative, supportive, care and educational domains and total performance were statistically significant before and after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, in therapeutic domain, changes were not significant. There was a statistically significant difference between the average satisfaction score of the two groups (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Applying Synergy Model as a basis for receiving nursing cares was effective in increasing patient satisfaction and in the performance of nurses of cardiac intensive care units.
Sputum cytology: a limited role.

AIMS
To determine the cost and sensitivity of sputum cytology in routine use and to determine when sputum cytology is most appropriate.


METHODS
A retrospective study, based on all sputum cytology requests received in five histopathology/cytopathology laboratories in Yorkshire from 1 January to 31 December 1993. Cytology findings were correlated with histological diagnosis or clinical outcome, and related to the speciality of the referring clinician.


RESULTS
Laboratory practice and performance was similar in all five centres. The average laboratory cost of sputum cytology was 26.93. The mean absolute sensitivity was 36% and the specificity was 99.6%. The majority of specimens was submitted by general physicians or geriatricians. The largest proportion of positive specimens were submitted by chest physicians.


CONCLUSIONS
Often sputum cytology is used inappropriately as a screening investigation on, or soon after, admission. In addition, it is used inappropriately before bronchoscopy. Sputum cytology should be limited to individuals in whom a histological diagnosis is desired, but in whom bronchoscopy is inappropriate or unsuccessful.
MR mammography in the pre-operative staging of breast cancer in patients with dense breast tissue: comparison with mammography and ultrasound

The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-operative MR mammography could predict the extent of breast cancer in patients with dense breasts or whether dense parenchyma will lead to false-positive or inconclusive examinations. Sixty-seven patients with dense breasts with a malignant breast tumor planned for conservative surgery were reviewed. Detection rates of mammography, ultrasound, and MR mammography were studied, and the diameters of the lesions were measured and compared with pathological examination. Pathology revealed breast cancer in 65 patients. Sensitivity for detection of index lesions was 83% for mammography, 70.8% for ultrasound, and 98% for MR mammography. Mammography underestimated tumor extent in 37%, ultrasound in 40%, and MR in 12.5%. Of the 20 patients (31%) with multifocal or multicentric carcinoma, mammography detected the lesions in 35%, ultrasound in 30%, and MR in 100%, with a false-positive rate of 12.5, 14, and 23%. The MR mammography is more accurate in assessing tumor extent and multifocality in patients with dense breasts, but benign changes may lead to false-positive examinations.
The Malevolent Side of Human Nature : A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of the Literature on the Dark Triad ( Narcissism , Machiavellianism , and Psychopathy )

The term dark triad refers to the constellation of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Over the past few years, the concept has gained momentum, with many researchers assuming that the dark triad is a prominent antecedent of transgressive and norm-violating behavior. Our purpose in this meta-analytic review was to evaluate (a) interrelations among narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy; (b) gender differences in these traits; (c) how these traits are linked to normal personality factors; and (d) the psychosocial correlates of the dark triad. Our findings show that dark triad traits are substantially intercorrelated, somewhat more prevalent among men than women, predominantly related to the Big Five personality factor of agreeableness and the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility, and generally associated with various types of negative psychosocial outcomes. We question whether dark triad traits are sufficiently distinct and argue that the way they are currently measured is too simple to capture the malevolent sides of personality. Because most research in this domain is cross-sectional and based on self-reports, we recommend using a cross-informant approach and prospective, longitudinal research designs for studying the predictive value of dark triad features.
Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in muscle healing by low-level laser therapy.

BACKGROUND
Recent studies demonstrate that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates many biochemical processes, especially the decrease of muscle injures, the increase in mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis for accelerating the healing process.


OBJECTIVE
In this work, we evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and IV and succinate dehydrogenase activities after traumatic muscular injury.


METHODS
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6): sham (uninjured muscle), muscle injury without treatment, muscle injury with LLLT (AsGa) 5J/cm(2). Gastrocnemius injury was induced by a single blunt-impact trauma. LLLT was used 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after muscle-trauma.


RESULTS
Our results showed that the activities of complex II and succinate dehydrogenase after 5days of muscular lesion were significantly increased when compared to the control group. Moreover, our results showed that LLLT significantly increased the activities of complexes I, II, III, IV and succinate dehydrogenase, when compared to the group of injured muscle without treatment.


CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the treatment with low-level laser may induce an increase in ATP synthesis, and that this may accelerate the muscle healing process.
Die attach film application in multi die stack package

The trend for package miniaturization has created challenges to conventional die attach process. When wafers need to be thinned down beyond 100 mum, challenges in die attach process become great and die attach paste may not be suitable in most cases [Paydenkar, 2004]. The selection of die attach material becomes critical to ensure package robustness and reliability. When die paddle of a package is reduced to less than 0.3mm, the control of bleed out of paste becomes critical. The rheology of paste results in creeping of the material to the edge of die and contaminate the bonding pad when the die is placed and seated upon a certain amount of dispensed paste. New generation of die attach material has been introduced amid this complication, die attach film (DAF) is commonly used for thin die stacked package (< 100 mum). DAF replaces paste in stacked packages for its good control of paste bleed, creeping effect to die edge and also consistent bondline thickness (BLT) at desired thickness. New generation of DAF tape incorporates wafer dicing tape and adhesive in one, namely the dicing die attach film (DDAF), which is mounted onto the back of wafer. The wafer which is mounted with DDAF was diced into the predetermined die size and the diced chip was picked and placed directly to a leadframe or substrate with adhesive at the back . Today, DDAF has been proved to reduce manufacturing process steps and improve productivity. The gain in productivity has improved total package cost, irrespective of the higher material cost when conventional die attach paste is replaced by DDAF
Magnitude of the Dawn Phenomenon and Its Impact on the Overall Glucose Exposure in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
To assess the magnitude of the dawn phenomenon and its impact on the total glucose exposure in type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 248 noninsulin-treated persons with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring were divided into three groups selected by treatments: diet alone (n = 53); insulin sensitizers alone (n = 82); and insulin secretagogues alone or in combination with insulin sensitizers (n = 113). The dawn phenomenon (∂ glucose, mg/dL) was quantified by its absolute increment from nocturnal nadir to prebreakfast value. The participants were secondarily divided into two paired subsets after they had been separated by the presence/absence of a dawn phenomenon based on a threshold of 20 mg/dL and matched for glucose nadir. The impact of the dawn phenomenon was assessed on HbA1c and 24-h mean glucose.


RESULTS
The median of ∂ glucose (interquartile range) was 16.0 (0-31.5 mg/dL) in the 248 subjects, and no differences were observed across groups selected by HbA1c or treatments. In the overall population, the mean impacts on HbA1c and 24-h mean glucose were 4.3 ± 1.3 mmol/mol (0.39 ± 0.12%) and 12.4 ± 2.4 mg/dL, respectively. The mean impact on 24-h mean glucose was not statistically different between those on diet alone (16.7 ± 5.9 mg/dL) compared with the two subsets treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (11.2 ± 5.3 and 8.5 ± 7.5 mg/dL).


CONCLUSIONS
The impact of the dawn phenomenon on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, as depicted by the HbA1c level, was ∼0.4% and not eliminated by any of the currently available armamentarium of oral antidiabetes agents.
GHT: a geographic hash table for data-centric storage

Making effective use of the vast amounts of data gathered by large-scale sensor networks will require scalable, self-organizing, and energy-efficient data dissemination algorithms. Previous work has identified data-centric routing as one such method. In an asso-ciated position paper [23], we argue that a companion method, data-centric storage (DCS), is also a useful approach. Under DCS, sensed data are stored at a node determined by the name associated with the sensed data. In this paper, we describe GHT, a Geographic Hash Table system for DCS on sensornets. GHT hashes keys into geographic coordi-nates, and stores a key-value pair at the sensor node geographically nearest the hash of its key. The system replicates stored data lo-cally to ensure persistence when nodes fail. It uses an efficient consistency protocol to ensure that key-value pairs are stored at the appropriate nodes after topological changes. And it distributes load throughout the network using a geographic hierarchy. We evaluate the performance of GHT as a DCS system in simulation against two other dissemination approaches. Our results demonstrate that GHT is the preferable approach for the application workloads predicted in [23], offers high data availability, and scales to large sensornet deployments, even when nodes fail or are mobile.
Automated coverage hole detection for cellular networks using radio environment maps

The existence of coverage holes in cellular networks is a common problem for mobile operators. Traditionally, the cellular coverage is computed using sophisticated planning tools, and then optimized through drive tests. With the drive tests information, the operators detect the poorly covered areas and take actions to eliminate them. The introduction of self-organized or “cognitive” techniques, would allow the operators to maximize the network's information obtained through drive tests or reported by the mobile users. In this paper we propose the use of spatial Bayesian geo-statistics to build a Radio Environment Map (REM) for real coverage hole detection purposes. Results show that the number of pixels forming the coverage holes, as well as the probability of detecting them, can be significantly increased with the use of REMs, compared to the case where only network measurements are used.
Active Combustion Control for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines

Lean-burning combustors are susceptible to combustion instabilities. Additionally, due to nonuniformities in the fuel-air mixing and in the combustion process, there typically exist hot areas in the combustor exit plane. These hot areas limit the operating temperature at the turbine inlet and thus constrain performance and efficiency. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the fuel-air ratio and flame temperature throughout the combustor to minimize the production of pollutants. In recent years, there has been considerable activity addressing Active Combustion Control. NASA Glenn Research Center's Active Combustion Control Technology effort aims to demonstrate active control in a realistic environment relevant to aircraft engines. Analysis and experiments are tied to aircraft gas turbine combustors. Considerable progress has been shown in demonstrating technologies for Combustion Instability Control, Pattern Factor Control, and Emissions Minimizing Control. Future plans are to advance the maturity of active combustion control technology to eventual demonstration in an engine environment.
Urban Transport Trends and Policies in China and India : Impacts of Rapid Economic Growth

Abstract This article provides a comparative overview of urban transport in the world’s two most populous countries: China and India. Cities in both countries are suffering from severe and worsening transport problems: air pollution, noise, traffic injuries and fatalities, congestion, parking shortages, energy use, and lack of mobility for the poor. The urban transport crisis in China and India results from continuing population growth, urbanization, suburban sprawl, rising incomes, and skyrocketing motor vehicle ownership and use. This article critically assesses government policies in each country and suggests a range of specific improvements. The authors advocate a slowdown in the massive roadway investment in recent years and a shift in emphasis to expanding and improving public transport, cycling, and walking facilities. While continued growth in motor vehicle use is inevitable, China and India should restrict motor vehicle use in congested city centers and increase taxes, fees, and charges to reflect the enormous social and environmental costs of motor vehicle use. At the same time, much stricter regulations should be imposed on manufacturers to produce cleaner, more energy-efficient, quieter, and safer cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks. Mitigating the many social and environmental impacts of rising motorization is obviously important for the future well being of Chinese and Indian cities. It is also crucial to the future of the rest of the world. Unless the problems of motorization in China and India can be effectively dealt with, the world faces sharp increases in Greenhouse gases, accelerating climate change, and rapid depletion of a range of non-renewable resources.
Alemtuzumab: evidence for its potential in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis

Alemtuzumab (previously known as Campath(®)) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the CD52 antigen on mature lymphocytes that results in lymphopenia and subsequent modification of the immune repertoire. Here we explore evidence for its efficacy and safety in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. One Phase II and two Phase III trials of alemtuzumab versus active comparator (interferon beta-1a) have been reported. Two of these rater-blinded randomized studies assessed clinical and radiological outcomes in treatment-naïve patients; one explored patients who had relapsed despite first-line therapy. Compared to interferon beta-1a, alemtuzumab reduced the relapse rate by 49%-74% (P < 0.0001), and in two studies it reduced the risk of sustained disability accumulation by 42%-71% (P < 0.01). In one study (Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis; CARE-MS1), there was no significant difference compared to interferon, perhaps reflecting the surprisingly low frequency of disability events in the comparator group. After alemtuzumab, the Expanded Disability Status Scale score improved by 0.14-1.2 points, culminating in a net advantage with alemtuzumab of 0.41-0.77 points over interferon in the CAMMS223 and CARE-MS2 trials (both P < 0.001). Radiological markers of new lesion formation and brain atrophy following alemtuzumab were significantly improved when compared to interferon in all studies. Adverse events were more common following alemtuzumab than interferon beta-1a (7.2-8.66 versus 4.9-5.7 events per person-year). While infusion reactions are the most common, autoimmunity is the most concerning; within Phase III studies, thyroid disorders (17%-18% versus 5%-6%) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (1% versus 0%) were reported in patients taking alemtuzumab and interferon beta-1a, respectively. All patients responded to conventional therapy. One patient taking alemtuzumab in the Phase II study suffered a fatal intracranial hemorrhage following immune thrombocytopenic purpura, heralding assiduous monitoring of all patients thereafter. Alemtuzumab has been submitted for licensing in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the United States and Europe.