LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
RFID Authentication Protocols using Symmetric Cryptography

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is emerging in a variety of applications as an important technology for identifying and tracking goods and assets. The spread of RFID technology, however, also gives rise to significant user privacy and security issues. One possible solution to these challenges is the use of a privacy-enhancing cryptographic protocol to protect RFID communications. This thesis considers RFID authentication protocols that make use of symmetric cryptography. We first identify the privacy, security and performance requirements for RFID systems. We then review recent related work, and assess the capabilities of previously proposed protocols with respect to the identified privacy, security and performance properties. The thesis makes four main contributions. First, we introduce server impersonation attacks as a novel security threat to RFID protocols. RFID tag memory is generally not tamper-proof, since tag costs must be kept low, and thus it is vulnerable to compromise by physical attacks. We show that such attacks can give rise to desynchronisation between server and tag in a number of existing RFID authentication protocols. We also describe possible countermeasures to this novel class of attacks. Second, we propose a new authentication protocol for RFID systems that provides most of the identified privacy and security features. The new protocol resists tag information leakage, tag location tracking, replay attacks, denial of service attacks and backward traceability. It is also more resistant to forward traceability and server impersonation attacks than previously proposed schemes. The scheme requires less tag-side storage than existing protocols and requires only a moderate level of tag-side computation. Next, we survey the security requirements for RFID tag ownership transfer. In some applications, the bearer of an RFID tag might change, with corresponding changes required for the RFID system infrastructure. We propose novel authentication protocols for tag ownership and authorisation transfer. The proposed protocols satisfy the requirements presented, and have desirable performance characteristics. Finally, we address the issue of scalability in anonymous RFID authentication protocols. Many previously proposed protocols suffer from scalability issues because they require a linear search to identify or authenticate a tag. Some RFID proto-
Obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil in patients with CLL and coexisting conditions.

BACKGROUND
The monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, combined with chemotherapeutic agents, has been shown to prolong overall survival in physically fit patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but not in those with coexisting conditions. We investigated the benefit of the type 2, glycoengineered antibody obinutuzumab (also known as GA101) as compared with that of rituximab, each combined with chlorambucil, in patients with previously untreated CLL and coexisting conditions.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 781 patients with previously untreated CLL and a score higher than 6 on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (range, 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating worse health status) or an estimated creatinine clearance of 30 to 69 ml per minute to receive chlorambucil, obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil, or rituximab plus chlorambucil. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival.


RESULTS
The patients had a median age of 73 years, creatinine clearance of 62 ml per minute, and CIRS score of 8 at baseline. Treatment with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil or rituximab-chlorambucil, as compared with chlorambucil monotherapy, increased response rates and prolonged progression-free survival (median progression-free survival, 26.7 months with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.24; P<0.001; and 16.3 months with rituximab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.57; P<0.001). Treatment with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil, as compared with chlorambucil alone, prolonged overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.74; P=0.002). Treatment with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil, as compared with rituximab-chlorambucil, resulted in prolongation of progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.49; P<0.001) and higher rates of complete response (20.7% vs. 7.0%) and molecular response. Infusion-related reactions and neutropenia were more common with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil than with rituximab-chlorambucil, but the risk of infection was not increased.


CONCLUSIONS
Combining an anti-CD20 antibody with chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with CLL and coexisting conditions. In this patient population, obinutuzumab was superior to rituximab when each was combined with chlorambucil. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01010061.).
Peptic Ulcer Disease and Thoracoscopic Left Truncal Vagotomy

BACKGROUND
This study illustrates our experience in treating duodenal ulcer by means of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy over a period of six years.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
From October 1991 to October 1998, we submitted 38 patients (31 males and 7 females), average age 51 years (range 22-78 years), with duodenal ulcer to vagotomy with minimally invasive access: 23 Hill-Barkers, 2 Taylors, 9 thoracoscopic truncal vagotomies and 4 laparoscopic truncal vagotomies. The patients submitted to thoracoscopic truncal vagotomy had previous gastric surgery (5 ulcers of the neostoma in patients who had undergone gastric resection, 3 hemorrhagic gastritis of the gastric neostoma and 1 incomplete abdominal vagotomy).


RESULTS
The average time required for the thorascopic approach was 30 minutes (range 20-40 minutes) with return to normal feeding in 1 day, without any difficulty, and discharge on day 3 (range 2-5 days). The patients were followed for 3-54 months. Twenty-two patients (91.3%) out of 23 submitted to anterior superselective and posterior truncal vagotomy, and the patients submitted to thoracoscopic vagotomy, were pain free without medical therapy. One patient (4.3%) was lost to the follow-up. There was only one relapse (4.3%) after seven months where the patient underwent left thorascopic truncal vagotomy. We had no mortality and no intraoperative or postoperative complications.


CONCLUSIONS
In our opinion, minimally invasive treatment of peptic ulcer disease may represent the "gold standard." It is simple, quick, effective and delivers the same excellent results of open surgery but with minimum trauma.
A Note on Auto-tuning GEMM for GPUs

The development of high performance dense linear algebra (DLA) critically depends on highly optimized BLAS, and especially on the matrix multiplication routine (GEMM). This is especially true for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), as evidenced by recently published results on DLA for GPUs that rely on highly optimized GEMM [13, 11]. However, the current best GEMM performance, e.g. of up to 375 GFlop/s in single precision and of up to 75 GFlop/s in double precision arithmetic on NVIDIA’s GTX 280, is difficult to achieve. The development involves extensive GPU knowledge and even backward engineering to understand some undocumented insides about the architecture that have been of key importance in the development [12]. In this paper, we describe some GPU GEMM auto-tuning optimization techniques that allow us to keep up with changing hardware by rapidly reusing, rather than reinventing, the existing ideas. Auto-tuning, as we show in this paper, is a very practical solution where in addition to getting an easy portability, we can often get substantial speedups even on current GPUs (e.g. up to 27% in certain cases for both single and double precision GEMMs on the GTX 280).
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Extracts of the Stem Bark of Bridelia micrantha (Hochst., Baill., Euphorbiaceae)

Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer. This study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of Bridelia. micrantha on H. pylori isolated in South Africa. Extracts and clarithromycin were tested against 31 clinical strains, including a standard strain (NCTC 11638) of H. pylori, by measuring the diameters of the corresponding inhibition zones, followed by determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (using metronidazole, and amoxicillin as control antibiotics) and the rate of kill. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also done. Inhibition zone diameters which ranged from 0-23 mm were observed for all five of the extracts and 0-35 mm for clarithromycin. Marked susceptibility of strains (100%) was noted for the acetone extract (P < 0.05), followed by ethyl acetate extract (93.5%). The MIC₅₀ values ranged from 0.0048 to 0.156 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract and 0.0048 to 0.313 mg/mL for the acetone extract. The MIC₉₀ values ranged from 0.0048 to 2.5 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract and 0.078 to > 0.625 mg/mL for the acetone extract, respectively. Insignificant statistical difference in potency was observed when comparing the crude ethyl acetate extract to metronidazole and amoxicillin (P > 0.05). Complete killing of strain PE430C by the ethyl acetate extract was observed at 0.1 mg/mL (2 × MIC) and 0.2 mg/mL (4 × MIC) at 66 and 72 h. For strain PE369C, 100% killing was observed at 0.1 mg/mL (2 × MIC) in 66 and 72 h. The ethyl acetate extract could thus be a potential source of lead molecules for the design of new anti-Helicobacter pylori therapies as this study further confirmed the presence of phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins.
Hydroxyethyl starch versus Ringer solution in cardiopulmonary bypass prime solutions (a randomized controlled trial)

BACKGROUND
In our study we compared the Ringer solution, which is the standard prime solution of our department, with the HES (Hydroxyethyl starch) 130-0.4 solution, which can be a potential alternative prime solution with an indispensable material for the cardio-pulmonary bypass applications.


METHODS
140 patients undergoing to CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery) were electively enrolled to the study. 1500 ml Ringer solution + 200 ml mannitol + 60 ml sodium bicarbonate + 150 U/kg heparin was used as a prime solution to start cardiopulmonary by-pass in 70 patients which was defined as group 1. On the other hand, 1500 ml HES 130 - 0.4 + 200 ml mannitol + 60 ml sodium bicarbonate + 150 U/kg heparin was used as a prime solution in 70 patients in group 2.


RESULTS
INR (International Normalized Ratio), urea levels and blood platelet counts were significantly different between the groups. INR level was higher in group 1, while blood urea and creatinine levels and platelet count were higher in group 2 at the end of the 12th and 24nd hours postoperatively (p = 0.001).In this study, it was shown that the usage of HES 130-0.4 as a prime solution did not have negative effect on postoperative INR level, platelet count, the need for transfusion and the amount of drainage, despite the negative opinions that similar solutions caused coagulation disorders. Another interesting result of the study was that blood platelet count at 24th hour was statistically significantly higher in group 2 (p = 0.001).


CONCLUSION
HES 130-0.4 solution is an alternative colloidal solution which can be used as the prime solution or as a mixture with the crystalloids in cardio-pulmonary bypass applications.
Embedded 3D printing of strain sensors within highly stretchable elastomers.

A new method, embedded-3D printing (e-3DP), is reported for fabricating strain sensors within highly conformal and extensible elastomeric matrices. e-3DP allows soft sensors to be created in nearly arbitrary planar and 3D motifs in a highly programmable and seamless manner. Several embodiments are demonstrated and sensor performance is characterized.
Energy-efficient system design for IoT devices

It is projected that, within the coming decade, there will be more than 50 billion smart objects connected to the Internet of Things (IoT). These smart objects, which connect the physical world with the world of computing infrastructure, are expected to pervade all aspects of our daily lives and revolutionize a number of application domains such as healthcare, energy conservation, transportation, etc. In this paper, we present an overview of the challenges involved in designing energy-efficient IoT edge devices and describe recent research that has proposed promising solutions to address these challenges. First, we outline the challenges involved in efficiently supplying power to an IoT device. Next, we discuss the role of emerging memory technologies in making IoT devices energy-efficient. Finally, we discuss the potential impact that approximate computing can have in increasing the energy-efficiency of wearables and other compute-intensive IoT devices.
Personal Causation Training in the Schools1

Black elementary school teachers received personal causation training and designed and implemented classroom exercises for their sixth and seventh grade classes. Results of this field experiment showed increased motivation of teachers and students, enhanced academic achievement of students and students' perceptions of being treated as Origins. The Origin-Pawn variable was found to mediate between personal causation and academic achievement.
Environmental Psychology and Social Psychology

This paper examines the newly developing field of Environmental Psychology and its relationship to Social Psychology. Some major research topics concerned with environment and behavior are summarized, along with an analysis of dominant research values of this emerging field. The paper also considers some possible ways in which Environmental Psychology can enhance social psychological research and theorizing, and ways in which the study of environment and behavior can make salient (and perhaps call into question) certain assumptions implicit in present day Social Psychology.
An extension to the language-based access-control mechanism of Jones and Liskov

The language-based access-control mechanism of Jones and Liskov makes possible the controlled sharing of information in a programming language in a natural way. Unfortunately, many semantically correct programs cannot be written due to a deficiency in the binding rule. This paper proposes an extension to this mechanism which removes some unnecessary restrictions on the writing of access-correct programs.
Excruciating effect of formaldehyde exposure to students in gross anatomy dissection laboratory.

BACKGROUND
Formaldehyde is extensively used for preservation of cadavers in departments of anatomy. However, it is a noxious chemical which may cause serious health problems.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of exposure of medical students to formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy, Niger Delta University, Nigeria.


METHODS
In a questionnaire-based study, 93 second-year medical students were surveyed at the Department of Human Anatomy, Niger Delta University, Nigeria. The average duration of exposure for each student in the dissection hall was 6 hr/wk. Participants with history of cough, respiratory or skin diseases were excluded from the study.


RESULTS
Out of 93 questionnaires distributed, 75 were completed and returned (response rate: 81%). Of 75 students, 58 (77%) were strongly affected by unpleasant smell of formaldehyde. It was followed by "runny or congested nose" and "redness of the eyes." "Skin-related diseases" was identified as the least ranked effect of formaldehyde.


CONCLUSION
Due to the numerous health challenges that formaldehyde causes to students in the gross anatomy dissection laboratories, it cannot be considered as a suitable chemical for embalmment of cadaver for dissection.
Effects of continuous passive motion on reversing the adapted spinal circuit in humans with chronic spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the possibility of restoring the adapted spinal circuit after spinal cord injury (SCI) by means of long-term continuous passive motion (CPM) of the ankle joint.


DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial with repeated measures.


SETTING
Research laboratory in a general hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
Individuals with motor complete SCI (N=14) were recruited from a community.


INTERVENTION
CPM of the ankle joint for 1 hour a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores for evaluation of spasticity and postactivation depression (PAD) were documented prior to and after intervention.


RESULTS
MAS scores improved after 4 weeks of CPM intervention, indicating a reduction in spasticity of the ankle joint. PAD was restored after 4 weeks of training.


CONCLUSIONS
Passive motion of the ankle joint alone was sufficient in reversing the adapted spinal circuit, and therefore indicates that spasticity after SCI could possibly be managed by CPM intervention. The results of this study support the use of the passive mode of robot-assisted therapy for humans with complete SCI who cannot exercise actively.
Early predictors of outcome in infants treated with hypothermia for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of acquired neonatal brain injury. Assessment of the severity of cerebral injury and likely neurological outcome in infants with HIE is important for determining management and prognosis, for counselling parents, and for selection for neuroprotective trials. The condition of the infant at birth, the severity of HIE, neurophysiological tests, including amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), biochemical markers, and neuroimaging have been used to assess prognosis and predict long-term outcome. The predictive accuracy of these indicators in the early postnatal period is modest. Neurophysiological assessment seems to be most helpful during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth whilst magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems most informative later. Several biochemical markers, including serum S100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), are also associated with HIE but their levels depend on the timing of sampling and their prognostic value is uncertain. Comprehensive neurophysiological assessment and neuroimaging may be limited to specialist centres. Therapeutic hypothermia is now standard care in infants with moderate to severe HIE so it is important to examine the influence of hypothermia on the assessment of prognosis in these infants.
Neighborhood income and income distribution and the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana.

Evidence about the relationship between contextual variables and substance use is conflicting. Relationships between neighborhood income and income distribution and the prevalence and frequency of substance use in 59 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods were assessed while accounting for individual income and other socio-demographic variables. Measures of current substance use (in the 30 days prior to the survey) were obtained from a random-digit-dial phone survey of adult residents of NYC and data from the 2000 U.S. Census to calculate median neighborhood income and income distribution (assessed using the Gini coefficient). Among 1355 respondents analyzed (female=56.2%, mean age=40.4), 23.9% reported cigarette, 40.0% alcohol, and 5.4% marijuana use in the previous 30 days. In ecologic assessment, neighborhoods with both the highest income and the highest income maldistribution had the highest prevalence of drinking alcohol (69.0%) and of smoking marijuana (10.5%) but not of cigarette use; there was no clear ecologic association between neighborhood income, income distribution, and cigarette use. In multilevel multivariable models adjusting for individual income, age, race, sex, and education, high neighborhood median income and maldistributed neighborhood income were both significantly associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol and marijuana use but not of cigarette use. Both high neighborhood income and maldistributed income also were associated with greater frequency of alcohol use among current alcohol drinkers. These observations suggest that neighborhood income and income distribution may play more important roles in determining population use of alcohol and marijuana than individual income, and that determinants of substance use may vary by potential for drug dependence. Further research should investigate specific pathways that may explain the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and use of different substances.
Comparison of Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks for quality detection in a machining process

Please cite this article in press as: Correa, M Applications (2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.20 Machine tool automation is an important aspect for manufacturing companies facing the growing demand of profitability and high quality products as a key for competitiveness. The purpose of supervising machining processes is to detect interferences that would have a negative effect on the process but mainly on the product quality and production time. In a manufacturing environment, the prediction of surface roughness is of significant importance to achieve this objective. This paper shows the efficacy of two different machine learning classification methods, Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks, for predicting surface roughness in high-speed machining. Experimental tests are conducted using the same data set collected in our own milling process for each classifier. Various measures of merit of the models and statistical tests demonstrate the superiority of Bayesian networks in this field. Bayesian networks are also easier to interpret that artificial neural networks. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Redefining boundaries: a grounded theory study of recidivism in women.

Incarceration rates for women in the United States are at least three times greater than those of any other nation (National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 2006). Recidivism, reoffense following prior conviction for a crime, compounds this problem, with nearly seven out of 10 convicted persons in the United States rearrested within 3 years of release (Hughes & Wilson, 2003). Our purpose in this article is to present a grounded theory of recidivism from the perspective of incarcerated women and to discuss the public health and other societal implications. While the participants in this research were U.S. women, we hope to provide a new perspective on the decision making of some women that results in recidivism, in order to initiate dialogue that could lead to more effective interventions worldwide.
A PAPR reduction technique using Hadamard transform combined with clipping and filtering based on DCT/IDCT for IM/DD optical OFDM systems

In Intensity Modulator/Direct Detection (IM/DD) optical OFDM systems, the high peak-to-power average ratio (PAPR) will cause signal impairments through the nonlinearity of modulator and fiber. In this paper, a joint PAPR reduction technique based on Hadamard transformation and clipping and filtering using DCT/IDCT transform has been proposed for mitigating the impairments in IM/DD optical OFDM system. We then experimentally evaluated the effect of PAPR reduction on the bit error rate (BER) performance and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. At a bit error rate (BER) of 1 10 , the receiver sensitivity of the proposed 2.5 Gb/s IM/DD optical OFDM system after 100-km standard single-mode fiber transmission has been improved by 0.8 dB, 1.3 dB and 3.1 dB for a launch power of 6.4 dBm, 8 dBm and 10 dBm respectively when compared with the classical system. Crown Copyright 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.