LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravenous tranexamic acid administration on blood loss during and after cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss during and after cesarean delivery.


METHODS
One hundred pregnant women were randomized to receive either 10 mg/kg of tranexamic acid or placebo intravenously 20 minutes before incision in a double-blind controlled study. Postplacental delivery blood loss, postoperative hemorrhage 2 hours after surgery, and oxytocin administration were recorded.


RESULTS
The patients' mean age, weight, and duration of surgery were similar between the 2 groups. Mean blood loss was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group compared with the control group for both intraoperative bleeding (262.5 ± 39.6 vs 404.7 ± 94.4 mL) and postoperative bleeding (67.1 ± 6.5 vs 141.0 ± 33.9 mL; P<0.001), respectively. Oxytocin administration was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group compared with the control group (39 ± 5.8 vs 43 ± 5.4 units; P=0.001).


CONCLUSION
Intravenous tranexamic acid decreased intra- and postoperative blood loss and oxytocin administered in patients delivered by cesarean.
Principals, agents, and clients. Review of the modern concept of corruption

Abstract This brief article outlines a theoretical framework for analysing political corruption. The framework relies on rational and public choice approaches and thus conceptualizes political corruption in terms of economic gains and trade‐off. Based on this framework, the article outlines a set of empirical hypothesis concerning corruption.
AN 1477 Digital Compensator Design for LLC Resonant Converter

A half-bridge LLC resonant converter with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) is a lucrative topology for DC/DC conversion. A Digital Signal Controller (DSC) provides component cost reduction, flexible design, and the ability to monitor and process the system conditions to achieve greater stability. The dynamics of the LLC resonant converter are investigated using the small signal modeling technique based on Extended Describing Functions (EDF) methodology. Also, a comprehensive description of the design for the compensator for control of the LLC converter is presented. INTRODUCTION The LLC resonant converter topology, illustrated in Figure 1, allows ZVS for half-bridge MOSFETs, thereby considerably lowering the switching losses and improving the converter efficiency. The control system design of resonant converters is different from the conventional fixed frequency Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) converters. In order to design a suitable digital compensator, the large signal and small signal models of the LLC resonant converter are derived using the EDF technique. FIGURE 1: LLC RESONANT CONVERTER SCHEMATIC Author: Meeravali Shaik and Ramesh Kankanala Microchip Technology Inc.
Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults.

CONTEXT
Dietary composition may affect insulin secretion, and high insulin levels, in turn, may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).


OBJECTIVE
To examine the role of fiber consumption and its association with insulin levels, weight gain, and other CVD risk factors compared with other major dietary components.


DESIGN AND SETTING
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a multicenter population-based cohort study of the change in CVD risk factors over 10 years (1985-1986 to 1995-1996) in Birmingham, Ala; Chicago, III; Minneapolis, Minn; and Oakland, Calif.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 2909 healthy black and white adults, 18 to 30 years of age at enrollment.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Body weight, insulin levels, and other CVD risk factors at year 10, adjusted for baseline values.


RESULTS
After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary fiber showed linear associations from lowest to highest quintiles of intake with the following: body weight (whites: 174.8-166.7 lb [78.3-75.0 kg], P<.001; blacks: 185.6-177.6 lb [83.5-79.9 kg], P = .001), waist-to-hip ratio (whites: 0.813-0.801, P = .004; blacks: 0.809-0.799, P = .05), fasting insulin adjusted for body mass index (whites: 77.8-72.2 pmol/L [11.2-10.4 microU/mL], P = .007; blacks: 92.4-82.6 pmol/L [13.3-11.9 microU/mL], P = .01) and 2-hour postglucose insulin adjusted for body mass index (whites: 261.1-234.7 pmol/L [37.6-33.8 microU/mL], P = .03; blacks: 370.2-259.7 pmol/L [53.3-37.4 microU/mL], P<.001). Fiber was also associated with blood pressure and levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fibrinogen; these associations were substantially attenuated by adjustment for fasting insulin level. In comparison with fiber, intake of fat, carbohydrate, and protein had inconsistent or weak associations with all CVD risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Fiber consumption predicted insulin levels, weight gain, and other CVD risk factors more strongly than did total or saturated fat consumption. High-fiber diets may protect against obesity and CVD by lowering insulin levels.
MIMO over Satellite: A Review

The present article carries out a review of MIMO-based techniques that have been recently proposed for satellite communications. Due to the plethora of MIMO interpretations in terrestrial systems and the particularities of satellite communications, this review is built on two pillars, namely fixed satellite and mobile satellite. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the satellite channel, which will ultimately determine the viability of MIMO over satellite. Finally, some future research directions are identified.
Convergence of Binomial Tree Methods for European/American Path-Dependent Options

The binomial tree method, first proposed by Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein [Journal of Financial Economics, 7 (1979), pp. 229–263], is one of the most popular approaches to pricing options. By introducing an additional path-dependent variable, such methods can be readily extended to the valuation of path-dependent options. In this paper, using numerical analysis and the notion of viscosity solutions, we present a unifying theoretical framework to show the uniform convergence of binomial tree methods for European/American path-dependent options, including arithmetic average options, geometric average options, and lookback options.
Short-term efficacy and safety of zonisamide as adjunctive treatment for refractory partial seizures: A multicenter open-label single-arm trial in Korean patients

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive zonisamide (ZNS) therapy in Korean adults with uncontrolled partial epilepsy.


METHODS
Study patients had an average of at least one seizure per 4-week (averaged over a 12-week historical baseline) despite the use of one to three antiepileptic drugs. The starting dose of ZNS was 100mg/day, and was increased to 200mg/day after 2weeks. During the 12-week maintenance period, the dose of ZNS was adjusted to 200-400mg/day based on the physicians' discretion. The global evaluation scale (GES) and quality of life (QOLIE-31) were also evaluated.


RESULTS
A total of 121 patients were enrolled, of which 88 patients completed the study. The median percent reduction in weekly seizure frequency over the treatment period was 59.0%. The ≥50% and ≥75% responder rates were 57.3% and 38.5%, respectively. Seizure freedom over the treatment period was observed in 25 patients, but seizure freedom throughout the 16-week treatment period was attained in only 16 patients. On investigator's GES, 84 patients were considered improved, with 33 patients showing marked improvement. In QOLIE-31 scale, seizure worry improved significantly but emotional well-being deteriorated. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were reported in 80 patients. The most common AEs were dizziness (28.1%), somnolence (24.0%), anorexia (18.2%), headache (14.0%), nausea (13.2%), and weight loss (10.7%). Twenty-two patients discontinued the trial due to drug-related AEs.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that adjunctive ZNS therapy for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy, though efficacious, is associated with significant tolerability problems.
An Approximate Optimal Maximum Range Guidance Scheme for Subsonic Unpowered Gliding Vehicles

This study investigates the maximum gliding range problems of subsonic unpowered gliding vehicles and proposes an approximate optimal maximum range guidance scheme. First, the gliding flight path angle corresponding to constant dynamic pressure is derived. A lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) inversely proportional to the dynamic pressure is then proven. On this basis, the calculation method of an optimal dynamic pressure (ODP) profile with amaximum L/D throughout the flight is presented. A guidance scheme for tracking the ODP profile, which uses the flight path angle as control variable, is then designed. The maximum ranges of the unpowered gliding vehicle obtained by the proposed guidance scheme and pseudospectral method are compared. Results show that the guidance scheme provides an accurate approximation of the optimal results, and the errors are less than 2%.The proposed guidance scheme is easy to implement and is not influenced by wind compared with numerical schemes.
Removal of foreskin remnants in circumcised adults for treatment of premature ejaculation

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in every country. There are many types of treatment, but the main limitation of medical treatment for premature ejaculation is recurrence after withdrawal of medicine. The prepuce is a specific erogenous zone that contains a rich and complex network of nerves. Circumcision radically desensitizes the penis, but incomplete circumcision may cause premature ejaculation. We evaluate the effect of removal of foreskin remnants in adults on PE.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sensitive area of penile skin and the remaining parts of foreskin in adult men were recognized in 47 selective patients. Under local anesthesia, the remnant parts of foreskin were incised and removed. They were asked to fill the investigating questionnaire about the changes of intravaginal latency ejaculatory time (IVELT), patients and their sexual partners' satisfaction with sexual life, control over ejaculation, and penile sensitivity, before and after treatment.


RESULTS
There were no signs of inflammation and no serious adverse reactions in all cases after operation. IVELT significantly increased from 64.25 before surgery to 731.49 sec after surgery (P<0.001). The percentage of postoperative satisfaction in both the patient and his partner significantly increased (P<0.001). After surgery, 95.7% of men had better control over their ejaculation. This surgery significantly decreased sensitivity of penis (P<0.001), but it did not change glans penis insensitivity.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that removal of foreskin remnants in adults is an effective modality in selective patients of PE.
Analysis of genetic diversity among indigenous landraces from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) core collection in China as revealed by SRAP and SSR markers

The molecular genetic diversity of 404 indigenous landraces from sesame core collection in China were evaluated by 11 SRAP and 3 SSR markers, 175 fragments were generated, of which 126 were polymorphic with an average polymorphism rate of 72%. Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficients (GS=0.7130), Nei’s gene diversity (h=0.2418) and Shannon’s Information index (I=0.3847) were calculated, a dendrogram of the 404 landraces was made, landraces from various zones were distributed throughout the dendrogram, accessions from different agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis, geographical separation did not generally result in greater genetic distance, a similar pattern was obtained using principal coordinates (PCO) analysis. As to seven agro-ecological zones, the maximum Nei’s gene diversity (h = 0.2613) and Shannon index (I = 0.3980) values in zone VII indicated that they were genetically more diverse than those in other zones, while the least genetically diverse region was zone III (h = 0.1772, I = 0.2858). Nei’s genetic identity and genetic distance among landraces from seven agro-ecological zones were also analyzed, the genetic relationship of seven zones was inferred using the UPGMA method. This study demonstrated that SRAP and SSR markers were appropriate for evaluation of sesame genetic diversities. There existed extensive genetic diverse among indigenous landraces and the abundance of genetic diversity of landraces in different agro-ecological zones was various. Understanding of these characteristics of indigenous landraces in China can provide theoretical foundation for further collection, effective protection and reasonable utilization of these sesame landraces in breeding.
PEPPERMINT OIL

Peppermint oil is used widely for its aromatic fragrance and therapeutic properties. The major ingredient of peppermint oil is menthol. Peppermint oil is given orally, topically and as an inhalant. Examples where Peppermint oil is used include confections (candies, chewing gum), cosmetics, toothpastes, mouthwashes, pharmaceutical products and cigarettes. Peppermint oil is also used in aromatherapy. Menthol can be found in many antiseptic, antipruritic and local anesthetic products. Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Effectiveness and tolerance of single tablet versus once daily multiple tablet regimens as first-line antiretroviral therapy - Results from a large french multicenter cohort study

OBJECTIVES
Pill burden during antiretroviral treatment (ART) is associated with worse adherence and impaired virological suppression. We compared the effectiveness, tolerance, and persistence on treatment of single tablet regimens (STRs) with non-STR once-daily regimens in patients receiving first-line ART.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis of naïve HIV-1 infected patients prospectively enrolled in the French Dat'AIDS cohort and initiating first-line ART with STRs or once-daily non-STRs from 2004 to 2013. The primary outcome was time to treatment discontinuation defined by any change in the treatment regimen. STR and non-STR groups were compared controlling for baseline risk factors by inverse probability weighted treatment Cox analysis (IPWT) and propensity-score matching (PSM).


RESULTS
Overall, 3212 patients (STR 499, non-STR 2713) were included. Median time to treatment discontinuation was shorter in non-STR patients than in STR patients, both in the IPWT (HR = 0.61, p<0.0001) and the PSM cohort (HR = 0.55, p<0.0001). This difference disappeared when censoring ART modification for simplification, both in the IPWT (HR = 0.97, p = 0.65) and the PSM cohort (HR = 0.91, p = 0.33). A lower rate of virological failure was observed with STRs than with non-STRs in both cohorts (HR = 0.23; p = 0.002 and HR = 0.22, p = 0.003, respectively). A lower rate of treatment modification for adverse event was observed with non-STRs in the IPWT cohort (HR = 1.46, p<0.0001), but not in the PSM cohort (HR = 1.22, p = 0.11).


CONCLUSION
First-line therapy with STRs was associated with a longer time to treatment discontinuation than with non-STRs. However, when ART modification for simplification was not considered as a failure, STRs and non-STRs were similar.
Intelligence by Design: Principles of Modularity and Coordination for Engineerin

All intelligence relies on search for example, the search for an intelligent agent's next action. Search is only likely to succeed in resource-bounded agents if they have already been biased towards finding the right answer. In artificial agents, the primary source of bias is engineering. This dissertation describes an approach, Behavior-Oriented Design (BOD) for engineering complex agents. A complex agent is one that must arbitrate between potentially conflicting goals or behaviors. Behavior-oriented design builds on work in behavior-based and hybrid architectures for agents, and the object oriented approach to software engineering. The primary contributions of this dissertation are: 1. The BOD architecture: a modular architecture with each module providing specialized representations to facilitate learning. This includes one pre-specified module and representation for action selection or behavior arbitration. The specialized representation underlying BOD action selection is Parallel-rooted, Ordered, Slip-stack Hierarchical (POSH) reactive plans. 2. The BOD development process: an iterative process that alternately scales the agent's capabilities then optimizes the agent for simplicity, exploiting tradeoffs between the component representations. This ongoing process for controlling complexity not only provides bias for the behaving agent, but also facilitates its maintenance and extendibility. The secondary contributions of this dissertation include two implementations of POSH action selection, a procedure for identifying useful idioms in agent architectures and using them to distribute knowledge across agent paradigms, several examples of applying BOD idioms to established architectures, an analysis and comparison of the attributes and design trends of a large number of agent architectures, a comparison of biological (particularly mammalian) intelligence to artificial agent architectures, a novel model of primate transitive inference, and many other examples of BOD agents and BOD development. Thesis Supervisor: Lynn Andrea Stein Title: Associate Professor of Computer Science
3-D thermal simulation of power module packaging

This paper describes the development and implementation of an analytical 3-D thermal model for fast and accurate thermal simulation of power device modules in electro-thermal converter simulation. A Fourier-based solution is used to solve the 3-D heat equation. The solution can describe the variation of temperature through the whole IPM structure with time. The model can simulate thermal interactions resulting from multiple heat sources. The thermal model is extremely fast to simulate compared to finite-element (FEM) approaches. The new model has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink in order to co-simulate with the converter model which is in the same form. The model has been validated against the CFD software package FLOTHERM and shows good agreement. The required aspects of 3-D heat diffusion are captured successfully by the Fourier-based model.
Robustness Comparison of 15 Real Telecommunication Networks: Structural and Centrality Measurements

Multiple failures can have catastrophic consequences on the normal operation of telecommunication networks. In this sense, guaranteeing network robustness to avoid users and services being disconnected is essential. A wide range of metrics have been proposed for measuring network robustness. In this paper the taxonomy of robustness metrics in telecommunication networks has been extended and a classification of multiple failures scenarios has been made. Moreover, a structural and centrality robustness comparison of 15 real telecommunication networks experiencing multiple failures was carried out. Through this analysis the topological properties which are common for grouping networks with similar robustness are able to be identified.
On the Juxtaposition of Reality and Illusion in Robert Coover's Ficion

Many works by the American writer,Robert Coover,explore the juxtaposition of reality and illusion and reveal the essence of the fiction of history,religion,politics,etc.This paper discusses Coover's major works and illustrates the unreliability of the socalled reality and the fictional world based on illusions.
Study of the Atopic March: Development of Atopic Comorbidities.

BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is often the first step in the atopic march leading to the development of asthma or allergic rhinitis. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention with pimecrolimus limits the atopic march in infants with AD and to evaluate its efficacy and safety.


METHODS
This was a 3-year double-blind study in which patients were randomized to pimecrolimus or vehicle and then open-label pimecrolimus for a planned further 3 years. Rescue topical corticosteroid was permitted if 3 days of study medication led to no improvement; investigators made decisions on rescue medication until week 14 and caregivers thereafter. Efficacy assessments included disease-free days, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and body surface area affected.


RESULTS
Infants ages 3 to 18 months with recent-onset AD (≤3 months) were observed for a mean of 2.8 years (N = 1,091). No significant differences between pimecrolimus- and placebo-treated groups were found in the percentage of patients with AD who developed asthma (10.7%) or other allergic conditions (allergic rhinitis, 22.4%; food allergy, 15.9%; allergic conjunctivitis, 14.1%; one or more atopic comorbidities, 37.0%) by study end. Allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and having one or more atopic comorbidities (but not asthma or allergic conjunctivitis alone) developed significantly more often in infants with greater AD severity at baseline. Pimecrolimus was significantly more effective than vehicle for AD treatment at week 14. Adverse event incidences were similar.


CONCLUSIONS
This longitudinal observation of infants with AD provides evidence of the atopic march. Pimecrolimus was safe and effective in infants with mild to moderate AD.
Causality reasoning about network events for detecting stealthy malware activities

Malicious software activities have become more and more clandestine, making them challenging to detect. Existing security solutions rely heavily on the recognition of known code or behavior signatures, which are incapable of detecting new malware patterns. We propose to discover the triggering relations on network requests and leverage the structural information to identify stealthy malware activities that cannot be attributed to a legitimate cause. The triggering relation is defined as the temporal and causal relationship between two events.We design and compare ruleand learning-based methods to infer the triggering relations on network data.We further introduce a user-intention based security policy for pinpointing stealthy malware activities based on a triggering relation graph. We extensively evaluate our solution on a DARPA dataset and 7 GB real-world network traffic. Results indicate that our dependence analysis successfully detects various malware activities including spyware,data exfiltrating malware, and DNS bots on hosts. With good scalability for large datasets, the learning-based method achieves better classification accuracy than the rule-based one. The significance of our traffic reasoning approach is its ability to detect new and stealthy malware activities. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).