LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A study in the relationships between leptin, insulin, and body fat in Asian subjects

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of leptin concentrations with indices of obesity, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol and triglyceride) in an Asian cohort.DESIGN: Cross sectional study.SUBJECTS: A total of 133 healthy volunteers were enrolled (64 female: age: 25–61 y, body mass index (BMI): 18.7–45.1 kg/m2 and 69 male: age: 25–61 y, BMI: 19.3–35.0 kg/m2).MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, lean body mass (by bioelectric impedence analysis (BIA)), plasma leptin and lipid profiles were taken after a 10 h fast.RESULTS: Percentage of body fat measured by bioelectric impedance was the strongest determinant of plasma leptin (r=0.844, P<0.0001). Females had higher leptin concentrations than males for the same fat mass. In a multiple linear regression model, body fat percentage, (percentage body fat* gender), hip circumference and fasting insulin were significant determinants of leptin concentration (r=0.882, P<0.0001).CONCLUSION: Leptin concentration correlated closely with percentage body fat in Asian subjects. Hip circumference as a corollary for peripheral obesity, was better associated with leptin than waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Distribution of fat in females tended to be peripheral and may partly explain the gender difference. Fasting insulin level and central obesity were correlated with HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and blood pressure, while fasting leptin had little correlation with these metabolic parameters. Therefore, insulin resistance was a better guide to cardiovascular risk assessment than plasma leptin.
Less effect of intranasal than oral hormone therapy on factors associated with venous thrombosis risk in healthy postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of intranasal and oral administration of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and norethisterone(acetate) [NET(A)] in healthy postmenopausal women on activated protein C (APC) resistance and other hemostatic parameters associated with venous thrombosis.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In this 2-center, randomized, double-blind, 1-year trial, 90 postmenopausal women (56.6+/-4.7 years of age) received daily either an intranasal spray with 175 microg/275 microg E2/NET (n=47) or 1 mg/0.5 mg oral E2/NETA (n = 43). Normalized APC sensitivity ratios (nAPCsr) were determined with a thrombin generation-based APC resistance test. After 1 year, the increase in nAPCsr was smaller in the intranasal than in the oral group: 11% (95% CI, 1% to 22%) versus 53% (95% CI, 37% to 72%). Overall, the decrease in antithrombin and increase in prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) were smaller and the decrease in free protein S larger in the intranasal compared with the oral group after 1 year. In both groups, the decreases in protein C and prothrombin, and the increase in d-dimer were similar.


CONCLUSIONS
Compared with oral E2/NETA therapy, intranasal administration of E2/NET had less effect on APC resistance and on a number of other parameters associated with venous thrombosis. This observation suggests the possibility of a lower venous thrombosis risk for intranasal E2/NET compared with oral therapy.
Transient electric field calculation of UHV GIS spacer under lightning impulse

Transient process takes place when a rapidly changing excitation is imposed on a insulation system, like lightening impulse voltage, polarity reversal voltage, et al. In previous studies transient electric field is calculated considering the relative permittivity as a constant. However, a fast changing excitation contains many high frequency harmonic components under which the permittivity may become quite different. In this paper, a frequency division calculation (FDC) method for transient electric field is proposed. For a fast changing excitation applied to a system, its waveform in frequency domain contains many different frequency harmonic components and its response is the sum of the response of each harmonic component. Different frequency component is calculated with corresponding permittivity, therefore the variation of permittivity with frequency is taken into consideration. FDC method is applied to compute the transient electric field (TEF) distribution of a whole ultra-high voltage (UHV) 1100kV GIS spacer under lightning impulse voltage with finite element software ANSYS. Material parameters for calculation are acquired from experiments. Influences of the frequency properties of dielectric medium on FDC method results are also investigated.
In-process metrics for software testing

In Chapter 9 we discussed quality management models with examples of in-process metrics and reports. The models cover both the front-end design and coding activities and the back-end testing phases of development. The focus of the in-process data and reports, however, are geared toward the design review and code inspection data, although testing data is included. This chapter provides a more detailed discussion of the in-process metrics from the testing perspective. 1 These metrics have been used in the IBM Rochester software development laboratory for some years with continual evolution and improvement, so there is ample implementation experience with them. This is important because although there are numerous metrics for software testing, and new ones being proposed frequently, relatively few are supported by sufficient experiences of industry implementation to demonstrate their usefulness. For each metric, we discuss its purpose, data, interpretation , and use, and provide a graphic example based on real-life data. Then we discuss in-process quality management vis-à-vis these metrics and revisit the metrics 271 1. This chapter is a modified version of a white paper written for the IBM corporate-wide Software Test Community Leaders (STCL) group, which was published as " In-process Metrics for Software Testing, " in
Chatbots: Are they Really Useful?

Chatbots are computer programs that interact with users using natural languages. This technology started in the 1960’s; the aim was to see if chatbot systems could fool users that they were real humans. However, chatbot systems are not only built to mimic human conversation, and entertain users. In this paper, we investigate other applications where chatbots could be useful such as education, information retrival, business, and e-commerce. A range of chatbots with useful applications, including several based on the ALICE/AIML architecture, are presented in this paper.
The analgesic effect of oxygen during percutaneous coronary intervention (the OXYPAIN Trial).

INTRODUCTION
Oxygen is considered to have analgesic effects, but the evidence is weak. Oxygen may be harmful to the ischemic myocardium. The aim was to investigate the analgesic effect of oxygen during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to evaluate cardiac injury.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The OXYPAIN was a phase II randomized trial with a double blind design. 305 patients were randomized to receive oxygen or atmospheric air during PCI. The patients were asked to score chest pain by the Visual-Analog Scale (VAS). The use of analgesic agents and troponin-t was measured.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in pain between the groups: oxygen: 2.0, [2.0-4.0], air: 2.0, [2.0-5.0] (median, interquartile range: 25-75%, P = 0.12). The median difference in score of VAS was [95% CI]: 0, [0-1.0]. The oxygen group received 0.44 ± 0.11 mg of morphine versus 0.46 ± 0.13, P = n.s. The peak value of troponin-t post-PCI was 38, [11-352] nmol/ml in the oxygen group and 61, [16-241] for patients treated with air, P = 0.46.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of oxygen during PCI did not demonstrate any analgesic effect. There was no difference in myocardial injury measured with troponin-t or in the morphine dose. Our results do not support routine use of oxygen. (NCT01413841.).
Author ' s personal copy A scaling mitigation approach during direct contact membrane distillation

Membrane scaling during the treatment of aqueous solutions containing sparingly soluble salts by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. The results reveal that membrane scaling caused by CaSO4 was more severe than that by CaCO3 or silicate. However, under the experimental condition used in this study and at feed and distillate temperature of 20 C and 40 C, respectively, CaSO4 scaling occurred only after a sufficiently long induction time of up to 25 h (corresponding to a saturation index of up to 1.5). The induction period decreased and the size of the CaSO4 crystals increased as the feed temperature increased. SEM analysis reveals that prior to the onset of CaSO4 scaling, the membrane surface was relatively clean and was completely free of any large crystals. Subsequently, a simple operational regime involving regular membrane flushing to reset the induction period was developed and was proven to be effective in controlling CaSO4 scaling. At a low system recovery, the permeate flux was constant despite the fact that the feed solution was always at a super saturation condition. Results reported here also confirm the interplay between induction time and the saturation index. Crown Copyright 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Influence of Late Quaternary Climatic Changes on Geomorphic and Pedogenic Processes on a Desert Piedmont, Eastern Mojave Desert, California

Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary deposits and shorelines of Lake Mojave and cation-ratio numerical age dating of stone pavements (Dorn. 1984) on the adjacent Soda Mountains piedmont provide age constraints for alluvial and eolian deposits. These deposits are associated with climatically controlled stands of Lake Mojave during the past 15.000 yr. Six alluvial fan units and three eolian stratigraphic units were assigned ages based on field relations with dated shorelines and piedmont surfaces. as well as on soil-geomorphic data. All but one of these stratigraphic units were deposited in response to time-transgressive climatic changes beginning approximately 10.000 yr ago. Increased eolian flux rates occurred in response to the lowering of Lake Mojave and a consequent increase in fine-sediment availability. Increased rates of deposition of eolian fines and associated salts influenced pedogenesis. stone-pavement development. and runoff-infiltration relations by (I) enhancing mechanical weathering of fan surfaces and hillslopes and (2) forming clayand silt-rich surface horizons which decrease infiltration. Changes in alluvial-fan source areas from hillslopes to piedmonts during the Holocene reflect runoff reduction on hillslopes caused by colluvial mantle development and runoff enhancement on piedmonts caused by the development of less-permeable soils. Inferred increases in early to middle Holocene monsoonal activity resulted in high-magnitude paleo-sheetflood events on older fan pavements; this runoff triggered piedmont dissection which. in turn. caused increased sediment availability alon'g channel walls. Thus. runoff-infiltration changes during the late Quaternary have occurred in response to eolian deposition of fines, pedogenesis. increased sheetflood activity in the Holocene. and vegetational changes which are related to many complicated linkages among climatic change, lake fluctuations, and eolian. hillslope, and alluvial-fan processes. c, 1987 University of Washington.
Efficacy of omalizumab in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients with asthma.

Disclosures: Authors have nothing to disclose. [3] Yesudian PD, Penny M, Azurdia RM, King CM. Ibuprofen-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:208e210. [4] Rastogi S, Modi M, Dhawan V. Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP) caused by Ibuprofen: a case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47: 132e134. [5] Romano A, Torres MJ, Castells M, Sanz ML, Blanca M. Diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127 (3 Suppl):S67eS73. [6] Drew AC, Eusebius NP, Kenins L, de Silva HD, Suphioglu C, Rolland JM, et al. Hypoallergenic variants of the mayor latex allergen Hev b 6.01 retaining human T lymphocyte reactivity. J Immunol. 2004;173:5872e5879. [7] Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Brochez L. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: an overview of the clinical, immunological and diagnostic concepts. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20:425e433. [8] Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Blanca M. Nonimmediate allergic reactions induced by drugs: pathogenesis and diagnostic tests. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19:80e90.
The heretical political discourse : a discourse analysis of the Danish debate on basic income

Acknowledgements Introduction Citizen's Income as a Heretical Political Discourse: the Danish Debate about Citizen's Income The Rhetoric of Rights and Obligations in Denmark from a Labour History Perspective Feminist Arguments in Favour of Welfare and Basic Income in Denmark Welfare Discourses in Denmark from a Basic Income Perspective A Global Ecological Argument for a Basic Income Basic Income on the Political Agenda: between Inclusion and Exclusion References.
iCAM06: A refined image appearance model for HDR image rendering

A new image appearance model, designated iCAM06, was developed for High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) image rendering. The model, based on the iCAM framework, incorporates the spatial processing models in the human visual system for contrast enhancement, photoreceptor light adaptation functions that enhance local details in highlights and shadows, and functions that predict a wide range of color appearance phenomena. Evaluation of the model proved iCAM06 to have consistently good HDR rendering performance in both preference and accuracy making iCAM06 a good candidate for a general-purpose tone-mapping operator with further potential applications to a wide-range of image appearance research and practice. 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
EMI emissions of modern PWM AC drives

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise is defined as an unwanted electrical signal that produces undesirable effects in a control system, such as communication errors, degraded equipment performance and malfunction or non-operation. References on the general principles of EMI are available [1]-[3], as well as methodologies on calculating radiated emissions [4]. IEEE Standard 518 applied these principles to slow switching Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) dc drives in 1982 [5]. All ac Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) drives have the potential to cause EMI with adjacent sensitive equipment, when large quantities of drives are assembled in a concentrated area [6]-[11]. However, faster switching speeds of new converter/inverter topologies require an updated study of new system EMI issues created. Market studies show the quantity of Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD)-Motor combinations that are replacing traditional across the line 60 Hz motor applications is increasing yearly. As the proliferation of the industrial and residential drives industry continues, there will be a " critical EMI mass ". At this juncture the sheer quantity of power electronic converter drives, combined with the ever more sophisticated communication, sensor and computer technology of the future, may reach unpredictable performance levels. A case in point is the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) industry, which integrated the high frequency power electronic converters into the expanding Personal Computer (PC) computer industry. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations on allowable EMI emissions became the " Defacto Standard " for all SMPS manufacturers wishing to sell product. At present there is not a North American EMI Standard enforced for ASDs. There is a European CE standard proposed. Whether the proposed limits are too stringent for an industrial application needs to be discussed with general industry consensus. Without government regulations, industry standards, or non-operating penalties imposed, the EMI responsibility for large systems becomes one shared between user, integrator, and ASD manufacturer. This article provides a common understanding of the EMI issues and provides simple pre-installation and post installation guidelines useful for all interested parties involved in industry application of adjustable speed PWM ac drives. Common Mode (CM) noise is a type of EMI noise induced on signals with respect to a reference ground. CM noise problems imply a source of noise, a means of coupling noise by conduction or radiation and circuits / equipment susceptible to the magnitude, frequency, and repetition rate of the noise impressed. Each aspect of the noise investigation is covered in detail, starting with …
Validation of an activity-based data form developed to reflect interventions used by pediatric physical therapists.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to validate the Pediatric Physical Therapy Intervention Activities (PPTIA) data form when used by pediatric physical therapists to describe interventions used in the treatment of children with developmental disabilities. The form is based on use of the clinical practice improvement approach.


METHODS
A panel of 9 experts was assembled to establish face validity for the PPTIA by assessing clarity, accuracy, and relevance. Then, a content validity questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 41 pediatric physical therapists from around the United States to complete after using the PPTIA in clinical practice.


RESULTS
Seven experts completed and returned the face validity survey and 27 therapists completed the content validity questionnaire. Two revisions to the PPTIA were made based on participant feedback.


CONCLUSIONS
The overall opinion of the experts and clinicians was that the PPTIA was a valid form for documenting intervention with children.
Lack of effect of celecoxib on prostaglandin E2 concentrations in nipple aspirate fluid from women at increased risk of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND
Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3) convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and other hydroxy fatty acids. Among these, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has tumor growth-promoting activity. The COX-2 isoform is the primary enzyme involved in PGE(2) production in cancerous tissue.


OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS
We administered the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (200 mg b.i.d.) to women at increased breast cancer risk. Our hypothesis was that PGE(2) would be secreted in breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), that levels in NAF would be higher than in corresponding plasma, and that celecoxib would decrease PGE(2) levels in NAF (reflecting a decreased breast tissue eicosanoid production) and plasma.


SPECIFIC AIM
To determine if PGE(2) concentrations in NAF and plasma decrease after a 2-week course of celecoxib and then return to baseline 2 weeks after stopping the medication (washout).


STUDY DESIGN
NAF and plasma were collected before celecoxib treatment, 2 weeks after taking celecoxib, and 2 weeks after washout. Each woman served as her own control.


RESULTS
PGE(2) concentrations in NAF and plasma were detectable in samples using two measurement techniques. On average, NAF PGE(2) levels were 81-fold higher in NAF than in matched plasma. Technically, there were differences in PGE(2) concentrations measured in similar fluids depending on the assay technique used (RIA versus chemiluminescence immunoassay). There were no significant decreases in PGE(2) concentrations after celecoxib administration.


CONCLUSIONS
PGE(2) can be measured in NAF. PGE(2) levels are concentrated in NAF when compared with matched plasma samples. Celecoxib 200 mg b.i.d. does not appear to significantly decrease PGE(2) concentrations in NAF and plasma.
The Development of Gender Achievement Gaps in Mathematics and Reading During Elementary and Middle School: Examining Direct Cognitive Assessments and Teacher Ratings

Using K–8 national longitudinal data, the authors investigate males’ and females’ achievement in math and reading, including when gender gaps first appear, whether the appearance of gaps depends on the metric used, and where on the achievement distribution gaps are most prevalent. Additionally, teachers’ assessments of males and females are compared. The authors find no math gender gap in kindergarten, except at the top of the distribution; however, females throughout the distribution lose ground in elementary school and regain some in middle school. In reading, gaps favoring females generally narrow but widen among low-achieving students. However, teachers consistently rate females higher than males in both subjects, even when cognitive assessments suggest that males have an advantage. Implications for policy and further research are discussed.
New Developments for Case Conceptualization in Emotion-Focused Therapy.

UNLABELLED
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) has increasingly made use of case conceptualization. The current paper presents a development in the case conceptualization approach of EFT. It takes inspiration from recent research on emotion transformation in EFT. The case conceptualization presented here can guide the therapist in listening to the client's narrative and in observing the client's emotional presentation in sessions. Through observing regularities, the therapist can tentatively determine core emotion schemes' organizations, triggers that bring about the emotional pain, the client's self-treatment that contributes to the pain, the fear of emotional pain that drives avoidance and emotional interruption strategies. The framework recognizes global distress, into which the client falls, as a result of his or her inability to process the underlying pain, the underlying core pain and the unmet needs embedded in it. This conceptual framework then informs therapists as to which self-organizations (compassion and protective anger based) have to be facilitated to respond to the pain and unmet needs, so that they might transform it. The conceptual framework can guide the therapist's thinking/perceptions and actions in the session.


KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE
Therapists can better facilitate emotional transformation when they understand the dynamics involved in the client's distress. Emotion transformation is facilitated by first helping the client to access the core underlying painful feelings and unmet needs embedded in them and then by helping the client to generate adaptive emotional responses to those unmet needs.
Two nucleon systems from effective field theory

Abstract We elaborate on a new technique for computing properties of nucleon-nucleon interactions in terms of an effective field theory derived from low energy NN scattering data. Details of how the expansion is carried out to higher orders are presented. Analytic formulae are given for the amplitude to subleading order in both the 1 S 0 and 3 S 1 − 3 D 1 channels.