LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for acquiring functional and cognitive disabilities during admission to a PICU*.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the risk factors for acquiring functional or cognitive disabilities during admission to a PICU.


DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of a multicenter PICU database.


SETTING
Twenty-four PICUs in the Virtual PICU Performance System network from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2010.


PATIENTS
Consecutive patients, who are 1 month to 18 years old, who survived to discharge.


INTERVENTIONS
None.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Primary outcomes were acquired global functional disability and cognitive disability during admission to a PICU, measured by change in Pediatric Overall Performance Category or in Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scores, respectively. The primary analysis cohort consisted of 29,352 admissions to the 24 Virtual PICU Performance System sites which collected the main outcome variables. Respectively, 10.3% and 3.4% of the cohort acquired global functional or cognitive disability. Trauma diagnosis (odds ratio, 4.50; 95% CI, 3.83-5.29; odds ratio, 3.91; 95% CI, 3.07-4.98), unscheduled admission to the PICU (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.27-3.12; odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16-2.00), highest risk of mortality category (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39; odds ratio, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.15-3.40), oncologic primary diagnoses (odds ratio, 5.61; 95% CI, 4.56-6.91; odds ratio, 4.30; 95% CI, 2.97-6.24), and neurologic primary diagnoses (odds ratio, 2.04, 95% CI, 1.70-2.44; odds ratio, 4.29, 95% CI, 3.18-5.78) were independently associated with acquiring both functional and cognitive disability. Intervention risk factors for acquiring both functional and cognitive disability included invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.60-2.00; odds ratio, 2.83; 95% CI, 2.36-3.39), renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.73-3.42; odds ratio, 1.76, 95% CI, 1.08-2.85), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.24-2.95; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.02-3.23), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio, 7.40, 95% CI, 4.10-13.36; odds ratio, 14.04, 95% CI, 7.51-26.26).


CONCLUSIONS
We identified a subset of patients whose potential for acquiring global functional and cognitive disability during admission to the PICU is high. This population may benefit from interventions that could mitigate this risk and from focused follow-up after discharge from the PICU.
RPL in a nutshell: A survey

1389-1286/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2012.06.016 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +216 96 819 500. E-mail addresses: olfa.gaddour@enis.rnu.tn (O isep.ipp.pt (A. Koubâa). IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a routing protocol specifically designed for Low power and Lossy Networks (LLN) compliant with the 6LoWPAN protocol. It currently shows up as an RFC proposed by the IETF ROLL working group. However, RPL has gained a lot of maturity and is attracting increasing interest in the research community. The absence of surveys about RPL motivates us to write this paper, with the objective to provide a quick introduction to RPL. In addition, we present the most relevant research efforts made around RPL routing protocol that pertain to its performance evaluation, implementation, experimentation, deployment and improvement. We also present an experimental performance evaluation of RPL for different network settings to understand the impact of the protocol attributes on the network behavior, namely in terms of convergence time, energy, packet loss and packet delay. Finally, we point out open research challenges on the RPL design. We believe that this survey will pave the way for interested researchers to understand its behavior and contributes for further relevant research works. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effective navigation for visually impaired by wearable obstacle avoidance system

This paper presents a wearable obstacle avoidance system for blind people to navigate safely using cane and eyeglass methods. In cane method, an ultrasonic sensor is placed in cane which detects the obstacle in the ground level. In eyeglass method, an ultrasonic sensor is used which detects obstacle above the head up to certain angle. The information obtained is informed to users using audio messages and also by sense of feel as vibration in case of born both deaf and blind. These algorithms are implemented using MP Lab and Proteus tools.
Prevalence of psychotropic medication use among cosmetic and medical dermatology patients: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about the psychologic status of cosmetically oriented dermatology patients.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among such patients to offer insight into the rates of psychopathology in this group.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seeking consultation at a cosmetic dermatology practice, recorded patients' use of psychotropic medicines, and compared this with data from a control group of medical dermatology patients.


RESULTS
Both groups reported rates of psychotropic medication use above those expected in the general population. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of psychotropic drug use between cosmetic (18%) and medical (17%) dermatology patients.


LIMITATIONS
There is not a one-to-one correspondence between psychotropic medication use and the presence of psychopathology. Data are based on patient health histories and, thus, may be subject to underreporting.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a relatively high rate of psychotropic drug use among all patients seeking care from dermatologists, but this does not appear to be more common among patients interested in undergoing cosmetic procedures.
Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary changes associated with facemask and rapid maxillary expansion compared with bone anchored maxillary protraction.

INTRODUCTION
Our objectives in this study were to evaluate in 3 dimensions the growth and treatment effects on the midface and the maxillary dentition produced by facemask therapy in association with rapid maxillary expansion (RME/FM) compared with bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP).


METHODS
Forty-six patients with Class III malocclusion were treated with either RME/FM (n = 21) or BAMP (n = 25). Three-dimensional models generated from cone-beam computed tomographic scans, taken before and after approximately 1 year of treatment, were registered on the anterior cranial base and measured using color-coded maps and semitransparent overlays.


RESULTS
The skeletal changes in the maxilla and the right and left zygomas were on average 2.6 mm in the RME/FM group and 3.7 mm in the BAMP group; these were different statistically. Seven RME/FM patients and 4 BAMP patients had a predominantly vertical displacement of the maxilla. The dental changes at the maxillary incisors were on average 3.2 mm in the RME/FM group and 4.3 mm in the BAMP group. Ten RME/FM patients had greater dental compensations than skeletal changes.


CONCLUSIONS
This 3-dimensional study shows that orthopedic changes can be obtained with both RME/FM and BAMP treatments, with protraction of the maxilla and the zygomas. Approximately half of the RME/FM patients had greater dental than skeletal changes, and a third of the RME/FM compared with 17% of the BAMP patients had a predominantly vertical maxillary displacement.
A case of autoenucleation associated with a contralateral field defect.

PURPOSE
To report a case of autoenucleation associated with contralateral field defect.


DESIGN
Observational case report.


METHODS
A 36-year-old man was referred to the emergency ward with his right eye attached to a fork. His history revealed drug abuse with ecstasy.


RESULTS
Visual field examination revealed a temporal hemianopia on the left eye. There was no change in the visual field defect after intravenous steroid, two months after initial presentation.


CONCLUSIONS
Contralateral visual field defect may be associated with autoenucleation. A visual field test is recommended in all cases with traumatic enucleation.
The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II.

The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II is a multicentre study that includes assessment of bronchial responsiveness using the Mefar dosimeter (Mefar, Brescia, Italy). WARD et al. [1] report that in some centres taking part in ECRHS II, there is potential for systematic variation in Mefar dosimeter driving pressure, which constitutes possible significant confounding for between-centre comparisons of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. They reported a wide range of driving pressures between centres "ranging between 70–245 kPa, with most outside the quoted manufacturer9s specification of 180¡5%". WARD et al. [2] drew our attention to this problem when we were developing the quality control programme for ECRHS II. All ECRHS II centres were requested to check dosimeter driving pressure at least once a month and to send reports to the Coordinating Centre. Where readings were v160 kPa or w180 kPa, centres were advised to adjust the dosimeter to a level within these limits. R.J. Ward and his group set up a website with instructions on how this could be achieved, together with information on the testing procedure. Reports were received from all centres except for Umea (Sweden) and showed that no centre recorded a level v160 kPa and the highest value was 200 kPa, found in Hamburg (Germany). In Hamburg, alterations were made to the equipment and it operated aty180 kPa for the rest of the study. The mean pressure for centres throughout the study ranged 160 kPa–189 kPa (Hamburg had a higher mean due to its driving pressure being 200 kPa for a period). Although table 1 of the paper concerned [1] implies a substantial problem within the participating European Community Respiratory Health Survey II centres, the quality control programme reveals that although variation exists, the magnitude and its influence on between-centre comparisons is much smaller than suggested by WARD et al. [1] in their recent paper.
BRIDGING THE ATTACHMENT TRANSMISSION GAP WITH MATERNAL MIND-MINDEDNESS AND INFANT TEMPERAMENT

Title of Document: BRIDGING THE ATTACHMENT TRANSMISSION GAP WITH MATERNAL MIND-MINDEDNESS AND INFANT TEMPERAMENT Laura Jernigan Sherman, Master of Science, 2009 Directed By: Professor Jude Cassidy, Psychology The goal of this study was to test (a) whether maternal mind-mindedness (MM) mediates the link between maternal attachment (from the Adult Attachment Interview) and infant attachment (in the Strange Situation), and (b) whether infant temperament moderates this model of attachment transmission. Eighty-four racially diverse, economically stressed mothers and their infants were assessed three times: newborn, 5, and 12 months. Despite robust meta-analytic findings supporting attachment concordance for mothers and infants in community samples, this sample was characterized by low attachment concordance. Maternal attachment was unrelated to maternal MM; and, maternal MM was related to infant attachment differences for ambivalent infants only. Infant irritability did not moderate the model. Possible reasons for the discordant attachment patterns and the remaining findings are discussed in relation to theory and previous research. BRIDGING THE ATTACHMENT TRANSMISSION GAP WITH MATERNAL MIND-MINDEDNESS AND INFANT TEMPERAMENT
Solvent effects on the chemistry of bromonium and β-bromocarbenium ions as reactive intermediates

The ability of solvent to influence the rate of formation and subsequent evolution of the bromonium ion or the β-bromocarbenium ion as key ionic intermediates formed by bromine addition to alkenes are discussed based on kinetic and stereochemical studies as well as theoretical investigations.
Integrated performance evaluation of roadside equipment placement for real-time traffic monitoring

Roadside equipment (RSE) is a key component to collect/disseminate information from/to vehicles in a Connected Vehicle (CV) environment. It plays different roles in various safety, mobility and environmental applications. In the future, millions of RSE can be deployed on urban streets and highways. At the initial stage of CV development, however, it may be a costly and unfeasible solution to deploy RSE pervasively to provide continuous coverage or connectivity. The use of powerful simulation tools, that federate the traffic and communication simulator, provides a realistic and affordable evaluation solution. It can assist in testing various RSE placement strategies, system parameter configurations and particular application designs. In this paper a CV simulation platform, which links traffic simulator VISSIM with network simulator OMNeT++, is utilized to evaluate the traffic and communication performance of different RSE placement strategies and system parameter settings in an urban freeway scenario. The simulation results clearly reveal that the traffic monitoring performance and communication performance are sensitive to the RSE placement and system parameter settings. The utility of the developed simulator performed reasonably in conducting CV application evaluations.
Xylazine-induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions.

This study is a part of ongoing work toward developing pharmacological methods of enhancing and inducing ejaculation in stallions with ejaculatory dysfunction. We evaluated ex copula ejaculatory response to treatment with the alpha-adrenergic agonist xylazine hydrochloride, with and without preliminary sexual stimulation. Twenty-eight mature stallions each received, in random order, one xylazine trial (0.3 mg/lb, i.v.) without preliminary sexual stimulation, one xylazine trial with 5 to 10 min of sexual prestimulation, and one control trial (equivalent volume sterile water injection). Trials were conducted in the animal stalls. Ejaculation occurred in 15 of 56 (27%) xylazine trials. No ejaculations occurred in the sterile water control trials. In trials with sexual prestimulation, ejaculation occurred in 39% compared with 14% in trials without prestimulation. This difference was significant (P<0.05). Xylazine-induced ejaculates were collected into a plastic bag attached to a girth and were similar to those obtained by artificial vagina. Nine of the 15 ejaculations occurred within 2 min of injection.
A further case of the recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, detected by array CGH

We report on a 10-year-old patient with developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphism, digital and genital abnormalities. In addition, muscular hypotonia, strabism, and splenomegaly were observed; inguinal and umbilical hernias were surgically corrected. Mucopolysaccharidoses and CDG syndromes could not be found. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal male karyotype (46,XY). A more detailed investigation of the patient’s genomic DNA by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) detected an interstitial 3.7 Mb deletion ranging from 15q24.1 to 15q24.3 which was shown to be de novo. Interstitial deletions involving 15q24 are rare. Sharp et al. (Hum Mol Genet 16:567–572, 2007) recently characterized a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome with breakpoints in regions of segmental duplications. The de novo microdeletion described here colocalizes with the minimal deletion region of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. The distinct clinical phenotype associated with this novel microdeletion syndrome is similar to the phenotype of our patient with respect to specific facial features, developmental delay, microcephaly, digital abnormalities, and genital abnormalities in males. We present a genotype–phenotype correlation and comparison with patients from the literature.
The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is related to insulin sensitivity in overweight women.

OBJECTIVE
The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been identified as a genetic risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The deletion (D) allele of the ACE gene may be associated with higher insulin sensitivity. Individuals who are homozygous for the DD allele have higher ACE levels and possibly more angiotensin II, which, when infused exogenously, causes an increase in insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene with insulin sensitivity and CHD risk factors.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study included 66 women (ages 57 +/- 1 years) who were overweight or obese (means +/- SEM, BMI = 33 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) and sedentary (VO(2max) = 19.6 +/- 0.4 ml. kg(-1). min(1)). Total body fat mass and percent fat were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal fat was by computed tomography. Insulin sensitivity was measured during the last 30 min of 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40 mU. m(-2). min(-1)). Comparisons were made among women with the II (n = 9), ID (n = 36), and DD (n = 21) genotypes.


RESULTS
Age, percent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat areas, plasma lipid levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not differ by ACE genotype. Fasting glucose and 2-h glucose levels were similar among genotypes, but fasting plasma insulin levels were lower in DD women than in ID women (P < 0.05). Glucose utilization was higher in women with the DD genotype than in women with the II genotype (53.1 +/- 3.9 vs. 36.0 +/- 3.8 micromol. kg(-1) FFM. min(-1), P = 0.01) and was higher in ID women than in II women (48.5 +/- 2.5 micromol. kg(-1) FFM. min(-1), P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that the I/D polymorphism is not associated with risk factors for CHD in overweight sedentary women; however, women who are homozygous for the D allele of the ACE gene are more insulin sensitive, whereas women who are homozygous for the I allele of the ACE gene have greater insulin resistance and potential risk for type 2 diabetes.
Android mobile augmented reality application based on different learning theories for primary school children

Due to advancements in the mobile technology and the presence of strong mobile platforms, it is now possible to use the revolutionising augmented reality technology in mobiles. This research work is based on the understanding of different types of learning theories, concept of mobile learning and mobile augmented reality and discusses how applications using these advanced technologies can shape today's education systems.
Effect of retinal defocus on basketball free throw shooting performance.

BACKGROUND
Vision plays a critical role in athletic performance; however, previous studies have demonstrated that a variety of simulated athletic sensorimotor tasks can be surprisingly resilient to retinal defocus (blurred vision). The purpose of the present study was to extend this work to determine the effect of retinal defocus on overall basketball free throw performance, as well as for the factors gender, refractive error and experience.


METHODS
Forty-four young adult participants of both genders were recruited. They had a range of refractive errors and basketball experience. Each performed 20 standard basketball free throws under five lens defocus conditions in a randomised manner: plano, +1.50 D, +3.00 D, +4.50 D and +10.00 D.


RESULTS
Overall, free throw performance was significantly reduced under the +10.00 D lens defocus condition only. Previous experience, but neither refractive error nor gender, yielded a statistically significant difference in performance.


CONCLUSION
Consistent with previous studies of complex sensorimotor tasks, basketball free throw performance was resilient to low and moderate levels of retinal defocus. Thus, for a relatively non-dynamic motor task at a fixed far distance, such as the basketball free throw, precise visual clarity was not critical. Other factors such as motor memory may be important. However, in the dynamic athletic competitive environment it is likely that visual clarity plays a more critical role in one's performance level, at least for specific task demands.
Measuring [18F]FDG uptake in breast cancer during chemotherapy: comparison of analytical methods

 Over the years several analytical methods have been proposed for the measurement of glucose metabolism using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of this study was to evaluate which of these (often simplified) methods could potentially be used for clinical response monitoring studies in breast cancer. Prior to chemotherapy, dynamic [18F]FDG scans were performed in 20 women with locally advanced (n=10) or metastasised (n=10) breast cancer. Additional PET scans were acquired after 8 days (n=8), and after one, three and six courses of chemotherapy (n=18, 10 and 6, respectively). Non-linear regression (NLR) with the standard two tissue compartment model was used as the gold standard for measurement of [18F]FDG uptake and was compared with the following methods: Patlak graphical analysis, simplified kinetic method (SKM), SUV-based net influx constant ("Sadato" method), standard uptake value [normalised for weight, lean body mass (LBM) and body surface area (BSA), with and without corrections for glucose (g)], tumour to non-tumour ratio (TNT), 6P model and total lesion evaluation (TLE). Correlation coefficients between each analytical method and NLR were calculated using multilevel analysis. In addition, for the most promising methods (Patlak, SKM, SUVLBMg and SUVBSAg) it was explored whether correlation with NLR changed with different time points after the start of therapy. Three methods showed excellent correlation (r>0.95) with NLR for the baseline scan: Patlak10–60 and Patlak10–45 (r=0.98 and 0.97, respectively), SKM40–60 (r=0.96) and SUVLBMg (r=0.96). Good correlation was found between NLR and SUV-based net influx constant, TLE and SUVBSAg (0.90<r<0.95). The 6P model and TNT had the lowest correlation (r≤0.84). SUV was least accurate in predicting changes in [18F]FDG uptake over time during therapy. For all methods, correlation with NLR was significantly lower for bone metastases than for other (primary or metastatic) tumour lesions (P<0.05). In conclusion, three methods with different degrees of complexity appear to be promising alternatives to NLR for measuring glucose metabolism in breast cancer: Patlak, SKM and SUV (normalised for LBM and with a correction for plasma glucose).
Survey of care provided by ambulatory care pharmacists to patients with chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE
A survey was conducted to determine the role of ambulatory care pharmacists in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


METHODS
Data from a survey of ambulatory care pharmacists in the treatment and management of patients with CKD were collected. A 22-item anonymous survey was sent to 1028 potential respondents in January 2004. Only pharmacists indicating routine provision of care to patients with risk factors for the development of CKD or with stages 1-4 of CKD were included in the analysis. Additional questions surveyed the timeliness and frequency of nephrology referrals and the pharmacists' familiarity with National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI) guidelines.


RESULTS
Of 1028 surveys, 535 were completed and returned. Only respondents who provided care in an outpatient setting to geriatric patients and patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or decreased creatinine clearance were included in the analysis (n = 388). Initial assessment of CKD was performed by 85% of the surveyed pharmacists. Over one third of the pharmacists made nephrology referrals. However, even pharmacists who had a high percentage of patients with a known risk for CKD infrequently screened for kidney dysfunction, and only a small portion monitored the areas recommended by NFK-K/DOQI. The respondents' familiarity with the NFK-K/DOQI guidelines indicated that 7% were very familiar, 45% were somewhat familiar, 34% were not very familiar, 13% were not at all familiar, and 1% did not respond.


CONCLUSION
The ambulatory care pharmacists surveyed were not consistently involved in the routine monitoring of common complications of CKD.