LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Blue Light-Dependent Interaction of CRY2 with SPA1 Regulates COP1 activity and Floral Initiation in Arabidopsis

Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that mediate light regulation of gene expression in all major evolution lineages, but the molecular mechanism underlying cryptochrome signal transduction remains not fully understood. It has been reported that cryptochromes suppress activity of the multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) to regulate gene expression in response to blue light. But how plant cryptochromes mediate light suppression of COP1 activity remains unclear. We report here that Arabidopsis CRY2 (cryptochrome 2) undergoes blue light-dependent interaction with the COP1-interacting protein SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A 1 (SPA1). We demonstrate that SPA1 acts genetically downstream from CRY2 to mediate blue light suppression of the COP1-dependent proteolysis of the flowering-time regulator CONSTANS (CO). We further show that blue light-dependent CRY2-SPA1 interaction stimulates CRY2-COP1 interaction. These results reveal for the first time a wavelength-specific mechanism by which a cryptochrome photoreceptor mediates light regulation of protein degradation to modulate developmental timing in Arabidopsis.
Rigorous computation of smooth branches of equilibria for the three dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation

In this paper, we propose a new general method to compute rigorously global smooth branches of equilibria of higher-dimensional partial differential equations. The theoretical framework is based on a combination of the theory introduced in Global smooth solution curves using rigorous branch following [2] and in Analytic estimates and rigorous continuation for equilibria of higher-dimensional PDEs [11]. Using this method, one can obtain proofs of existence of global smooth solution curves of equilibria for large (continuous) parameter ranges and about local uniqueness of the solutions on the curve. As an application, we compute several smooth branches of equilibria for the three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation.
Interactive scientific visualization: An assessment of a virtual reality system

A virtual reality system, consisting of a head-mounted stereoscopic display and a computer-interfaced glove, was assessed by examining interaction with a 3-D model of the human brain. Interactions were recorded on videotape. Non-trivial user interface issues were identified, ranging from constraints imposed by the nature of the wearable interface hardware, to the choice of gestures for controlling the interaction, to problems with a metaphor used in the interface. Some possible solutions are discussed. Effective solutions to these problems, coupled with increases in the computational power of the underlying hardware, are needed for virtual reality to realize its immense potential for scientific visualization.
Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement : Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument

A review of relevant literatures led to the construction of a self-report instrument designed to measure two subtypes of student engagement with school: cognitive and psychological engagement. The psychometric properties of this measure, the Student Engagement Instrument (SEI), were assessed based on responses of an ethnically and economically diverse urban sample of 1931 ninth grade students. Factor structures were obtained using exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) on half of the dataset, with model fit examined using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) on the other half of the dataset. The model displaying the best empirical fit consisted of six factors, and these factors correlated with expected educational outcomes. Further research is suggested in the iterative process of developing the SEI, and the implications of these findings are discussed. D 2006 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mission and method: the early-nineteenth-century French public health movement

There are then, some knotty problems of overall interpretation in this work. They do not, however, detract from the immenseness of Dora Weiner's achievement, nor the debt in which she leaves us all. Following a trail blazed by Erwin Ackerknecht and later illuminated by William Coleman, Ann La Berge provides a full-scale analysis of the public health movement in post-Revolutionary France, and especially in the 1 830s and 1 840s. Her coverage of public health interest is exceptionally broad and researched with commendable intensity. The public and private hygiene of early nineteenth-century Paris, that laboratory of public health experimentation, as well as the city's water-supply, sewerage and waste disposal, hospitals and poor relief, food quality, patent medicines, epidemic controls, vaccination schemes, housing regulations, prostitution and wet-nursing all and more come under her microscope. The main focus of her interest is the ideology of what she calls "hygienism", and her way into this is largely prosopographical: the main actors in her story are the motley crew of physicians, administrators, enlightened philanthropists, scientists and engineers who dominated the Paris health council and who, from 1829, wrote in the pages of the Annales d 'hygiene publique et de medecine legale. This was a high-profile and self-conscious group-self-regarding too, with a strong sense of social mission. Largely shunning efforts at mobilizing public opinion, they operated in a way which evoked the enlightened "medical police" and social medicine traditions which had evolved before 1789. Compared with similar groups in western Europe at the time, Professor La Berge shows, the Paris hygienists were highly statist in their approach and tended to concentrate their efforts on influencing the administrative and legislative efforts of government. Their sense of mission was crucial, for throughout the period, they had an uphill fight against the dominant non-interventionist policies associated with laisser-faire liberalism. Professor La Berge is exceptionally thorough and helpful in showing how this group went about its task, and how they developed and elaborated the "scientific" discipline of hygienism. She is perhaps less successful in providing a broader explanatory framework to highlight their successes and their failures. For such a high-profile group with a strongly statist orientation, it is chastening to learn that by mid-century, their only real legislative success was a (largely unenforced) child labour law. Though it is true that Napoleon III implemented many of the policies with which their names had been associated, La Berge is not …
The politics of experience: a response to Charles Silverstein's For the Ferryman

Review article on gay American psychotherapist and psychiatrist Charles Silverstein's memoir, For the Ferryman
An Elementary Proof of Jacobi's Six Squares Theorem

1. F. D. Ancel, An alternative proof and applications of a theorem of E. G. Effros, Michigan Math. J. 34 (1987) 39-55. 2. A. L. Brown and A. Page, Elements of Functional Analysis, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, London, 1970. 3. T. Byczkowski and R. Pol, On the closed graph and open mapping theorem, Bull. Polon. Acad. Sci. Ser Math. Astronom. Phys. 24 (1978) 723-726. 4. P. Perez Carreras and J. Bonet, Barrelled Locally Convex Spaces, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987. 5. J. J. Charatonik and T. Madkowiak, Around Effros' theorem, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 298 (1986) 579602.
A qualitative study evaluating experiences of a lifestyle intervention in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen suppression therapy

BACKGROUND
The severe iatrogenic hypogonadal state induced by medical castration used for treatment of prostate cancer is associated with adverse effects including fatigue, increased fracture risk, and a decrease in skeletal muscle function, which negatively impact quality of life. We have previously reported beneficial changes in healthy lifestyle behaviors, physical function and fatigue as a result of a novel combined exercise and dietary advice intervention (a lifestyle intervention) in men with prostate cancer on androgen suppression therapy (AST). The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the lifestyle intervention in these men with advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen suppression therapy (AST).


METHODS
Twelve men with prostate cancer on AST took part in three focus groups in a UK higher education institution following the 12 week intervention. Sessions lasted between 45 and 60 minutes in duration. All discussions were audio-taped and transcribed. A framework analysis approach was applied to the focus group data. An initial coding framework was developed from a priori issues listed in the topic guide and extended and refined following initial familiarization with the focus group transcripts. Line by line indexing of the transcripts was undertaken iteratively to allow for the incorporation of new codes. Coded sections of text were grouped together (charted) into themes and subthemes prior to a further process of comparison and interpretation.


RESULTS
None of the participants involved in the trial were provided with information on how lifestyle changes might be beneficial to men with prostate cancer during the course of their standard medical treatment. We present novel findings that this intervention was considered beneficial for reducing anxiety around treatment and fear of disease progression. Men were supportive of the benefits of the intervention over conventional cancer survival discussion group arrangements as it facilitated peer support in addition to physical rehabilitation.


CONCLUSIONS
The benefits of lifestyle changes in men with prostate cancer are not well appreciated by care providers despite a range of benefits becoming apparent. Strategies to implement exercise and dietary interventions in standard care should be further evaluated.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN88605738.
Help-seeking for mental health problems among young physicians: is it the most ill that seeks help?

The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported mental health problems and help-seeking among young physicians, and identify predictors of seeking help. A prospective cohort sample of Norwegian medical students (N=631) were assessed in their final semester (T1), and in the first (T2) and fourth (T3) postgraduate year. The average observation period was 3.6 years. The prevalence of mental health problems that needed treatment over the preceding year was observed to have increased from 11% at T2 to 17% at T3. There was no increase in help-seeking. Longitudinally, 34% reported that they needed treatment on one or several occasions. Adjusted predictors of help-seeking were perceived level of mental health problems and a reality weakness personality trait. Those who sought help had higher levels of emotional distress than those who did not. However, higher reality weakness scores predicted lower help-seeking and, therefore, may be a risk factor for avoiding necessary care.
Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases.

BACKGROUND
A phase 3 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a prophylactic quadrivalent vaccine in preventing anogenital diseases associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18.


METHODS
In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial involving 5455 women between the ages of 16 and 24 years, we assigned 2723 women to receive vaccine and 2732 to receive placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The coprimary composite end points were the incidence of genital warts, vulvar or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, or cancer and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cancer associated with HPV type 6, 11, 16, or 18. Data for the primary analysis were collected for a per-protocol susceptible population of women who had no virologic evidence of HPV type 6, 11, 16, or 18 through 1 month after administration of the third dose.


RESULTS
The women were followed for an average of 3 years after administration of the first dose. In the per-protocol population, those followed for vulvar, vaginal, or perianal disease included 2261 women (83%) in the vaccine group and 2279 (83%) in the placebo group. Those followed for cervical disease included 2241 women (82%) in the vaccine group and 2258 (83%) in the placebo group. Vaccine efficacy was 100% for each of the coprimary end points. In an intention-to-treat analysis, including those with prevalent infection or disease caused by vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type HPV, vaccination reduced the rate of any vulvar or vaginal perianal lesions regardless of the causal HPV type by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 49), and the rate of cervical lesions regardless of the causal HPV type by 20% (95% CI, 8 to 31).


CONCLUSIONS
The quadrivalent vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of HPV-associated anogenital diseases in young women. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00092521 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Byzantine Agreement , Made Trivial Silvio Micali

We present a very simple, cryptographic, Byzantine-agreement protocol that, with n = 3t + 1 players, t of which are malicious, halts in expected 9 rounds.
Predicting consumer intentions to shop online: An empirical test of competing theories

The proliferation of commercial Web sites providing consumers with a new medium to purchase products and services has increased the importance of understanding the determinants of consumer intentions to shop online. This study compared the technology acceptance model and two variations of the theory of planned behavior to examine which model best helps to predict consumer intentions to shop online. Data were gathered from 297 Taiwanese customers of online bookstores, and structural equation modeling was used to compare the three models in terms of overall model fit, explanatory power and path significance. Decomposing the belief structures in the theory of planned behavior moderately increased explanatory power for behavioral intention. The results also indicate that the decomposed theory of planned behavior provides an improved method of predicting consumer intentions to shop online. Finally, the implications of this study are discussed. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cancer drug discovery by repurposing: teaching new tricks to old dogs.

Progressively increasing failure rates, high cost, poor bioavailability, poor safety, limited efficacy, and a lengthy design and testing process associated with cancer drug development have necessitated alternative approaches to drug discovery. Exploring established non-cancer drugs for anticancer activity provides an opportunity rapidly to advance therapeutic strategies into clinical trials. The impetus for development of cancer therapeutics from non-cancer drugs stems from the fact that different diseases share common molecular pathways and targets in the cell. Common molecular origins of diverse diseases have been discovered through advancements in genomics, proteomics, and informatics technologies, as well as through the development of analytical tools that allow researchers simultaneously to screen large numbers of existing drugs against a particular disease target. Thus, drugs originally identified as antitussive, sedative, analgesic, antipyretic, antiarthritic, anesthetic, antidiabetic, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressant, antibiotic, antiepileptic, cardioprotective, antihypertensive, erectile function enhancing, or angina relieving are being repurposed for cancer. This review describes the repurposing of these drugs for cancer treatment.
Towards a general theory of X-efficiency

Abstract The principal discretionary variable for a person seeking to improve his lot is efficiency. Efficiency is determined jointly by interacting economic and psychological variables, with intertemporal feedbacks. This article explores a dynamic framework that illustrates how the key facets in the economic life of an individual—exertion, output, income, consumption, saving, and utility—constitute an interwoven network. The network is specified, and special attention is given to two of the linkages: effort choice and the intertemporal relationship of utilities. The neo-classical Ramsey model is shown to be a limiting case of the more general behavioral model based on the Matching Law in psychology. X-inefficiency is then defined by the deviation from the Ramsey Path.
Beyond Abandonment to Next Steps: Understanding and Designing for Life after Personal Informatics Tool Use

Recent research examines how and why people abandon self tracking tools. We extend this work with new insights drawn from people reflecting on their experiences after they stop tracking, examining how designs continue to influence people even after abandonment. We further contrast prior work considering abandonment of health and wellness tracking tools with an exploration of why people abandon financial and location tracking tools, and we connect our findings to models of personal informatics. Surveying 193 people and interviewing 12 people, we identify six reasons why people stop tracking and five perspectives on life after tracking. We discuss these results and opportunities for design to consider life after self tracking.
Polyfunctional CD4 T-cells correlate with in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition following Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccination of infants.

BACKGROUND
Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) protects infants against childhood tuberculosis however the immune mechanisms involved are not well understood. Further elucidation of the infant immune response to BCG will aid with the identification of immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis and with the design of new improved vaccines. The purpose of this study was to investigate BCG-induced CD4+ T-cell responses in blood samples from infants for cytokine secretion profiles thought to be important for protection against tuberculosis and compare these to PBMC-mediated in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition.


METHODS
Blood from BCG-vaccinated or unvaccinated infants was stimulated overnight with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) purified protein derivative (PPD) or controls and intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry used to measure CD4+T-cell responses. PBMC cryopreserved at the time of sample collection were thawed and incubated with live BCG for four days following which inhibition of BCG growth was determined.


RESULTS
PPD-specific IFNγ+TNFα+IL-2+CD4+T-cells represented the dominant T-cell response at 4monthsand1yearafter infant BCG. These responses were undetectable in age-matched unvaccinated infants. IL-17+CD4+T-cells were significantly more frequent in vaccinated infants at 4monthsbut not at 1-year post-BCG. PBMC-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth was significantly enhanced at 4monthspost-BCG as compared to unvaccinated controls. In an analysis of all samples with both datasets available, mycobacterial growth inhibition correlated significantly with the frequency of polyfunctional (IFNγ+TNFα+IL-2+) CD4+T-cells.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that BCG vaccination of infants induces specific polyfunctional T-helper-1 and T-helper-17 responses and the ability, in the PBMC compartment, to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria in vitro. We also demonstrate that polyfunctional T-helper-1 cells may play a role in growth inhibition as evidenced by a significant correlation between the two.
Cognitive-motor intervention in Alzheimer's disease: long-term results from the Maria Wolff trial.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about the long-term acceptance and effects of cognitive and motor stimulation interventions (CMSI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a replicable CMSI program for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate AD persons.


METHODS
Eighty-four non-institutionalized subjects with AD were randomized to receive either CMSI, administered by a single care provider, or standard support. Cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), mood, and study partner's subjective burden were assessed by blinded raters. Data on institutionalization, psychiatric medications, and demise were collected by the study physicians. Random effects model and survival analyses were conducted, after 2 and 3 years of study.


RESULTS
Three-year assessments could be performed by the physician in 85% and by the blinded rater in 66% of subjects. Significant benefits were observed in basic ADL at the 2- and 3-year assessments, whereas instrumental ADL showed benefits only up to the second year of intervention (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Long-term cognitive-motor stimulation is well accepted and produces functional benefits in subjects with AD, with no extra subjective burden in the partner.
A randomised controlled trial of ibuprofen, paracetamol or a combination tablet of ibuprofen/paracetamol in community-derived people with knee pain.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the efficacy and safety of single versus combination non-prescription oral analgesics in community-derived people aged 40 years and older with chronic knee pain.


METHODS
A randomised, double-blind, four-arm, parallel-group, active controlled trial investigating short-term (day 10) and long-term (week 13) benefits and side-effects of four regimens, each taken three times a day: ibuprofen (400 mg); paracetamol (1000 mg); one fixed-dose combination tablet (ibuprofen 200 mg/paracetamol 500 mg); two fixed-dose combination tablets (ibuprofen 400 mg/paracetamol 1000 mg).


RESULTS
There were 892 participants (mean age 60.6, range 40-84 years); 63% had radiographic knee osteoarthritis and 85% fulfilled American College of Rheumatology criteria for osteoarthritis. At day 10, two combination tablets were superior to paracetamol (p<0.01) for pain relief (determined by mean change from baseline in WOMAC pain; n=786). At 13 weeks, significantly more participants taking one or two combination tablets rated their treatment as excellent/good compared with paracetamol (p=0.015, p=0.0002, respectively; n=615). The frequency of adverse events was comparable between groups. However, by 13 weeks, decreases in haemoglobin (≥1 g/dl) were observed in some participants in all groups. Twice as many participants taking two combination tablets had this decrease compared with those on monotherapy (p<0.001; paracetamol, 20.3%; ibuprofen, 19.6%; one or two combination tablets, 24.1%, 38.4%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Ibuprofen/paracetamol combination analgesia, at non-prescription doses, confers modest short-term benefits for knee pain/osteoarthritis. However, in this population, paracetamol 3 g/day may cause similar degrees of blood loss as ibuprofen 1200 mg/day, and the combination of the two appears to be additive. Study no ISRCTN77199439.
Face and Hand Gesture Recognition using Principle Component Analysis and kNN Classifier

Gesture recognition pertains to recognizing meaningful expressions of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head, and/or body. It is of utmost importance in designing an intelligent and efficient human–computer interface. The applications of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language through medical rehabilitation to virtual reality. In this paper, we provide a survey on gesture recognition with particular emphasis on hand gestures and facial expressions. Applications involving wavelet transform and principal component analysis for face and hand gesture recognition on digital images.