LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Relaxation Exercises for the Masticator Muscles on
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD)

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of relaxation exercises for the masticator muscles on the limited ROM and pain of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 10 men and 31 women in their 20s and 30s. They were randomly divided into no treatment, active exercises and relaxation exercise for the masticator muscle groups. The exercise groups performed exercises three times or more a day over a period of four weeks, performing exercise for 10 minutes each time. Before and after the four weeks, all the subjects were measured for ROM, deviation, occlusion, and pain in the temporomandibular joint. [Results] ROM, deviation and pain showed statistically significant in improvements after the intervention in the active exercise and relaxation exercise for the masticator muscle groups. Deviation also showed a statistically significant difference between the active exercise and relaxation exercise groups. [Conclusion] The results verify that as with active exercises, relaxation exercises for the masticatory muscles are an effective treatment for ROM and pain in TMD. Particularly, masticatory muscle relaxation exercises were found to be a treatment that is also effective for deviation.
Final Collapse of the Neyman-Pearson Decision Theoretic Framework and Rise of the neoFisherian

This essay grew out of an examination of one-tailed significance testing. One-tailed tests were little advocated by the founders of modern statistics but are widely used and recommended nowadays in the biological, behavioral and social sciences. The high frequency of their use in ecology and animal behavior and their logical indefensibil-ity have been documented in a companion review paper. In the present one, we trace the roots of this problem and counter some attacks on significance testing in general. Roots include: the early but irrational dichotomization of the P scale and adoption of the 'significant/non-significant' terminology; the mistaken notion that a high P value is evidence favoring the null hypothesis over the alternative hypothesis; and confusion over the distinction between statistical and research hypotheses. Resultant widespread misuse and misinterpretation of significance tests have also led to other problems, such as unjustifiable demands that reporting of P values be disallowed or greatly reduced and that reporting of confidence intervals and standardized effect sizes be required in their place. Our analysis of these matters thus leads us to a recommendation that for standard types of significance assessment the paleoFisherian and Neyman-Pearsonian paradigms be replaced by a neoFisherian one. The essence of the latter is that a critical α (probability of type I error) is not specified, the terms 'significant' and 'non-significant' are abandoned, that high P values lead only to suspended judgments, and that the so-called " three-valued logic " of Cox, Kaiser, Tukey, Tryon and Harris is adopted explicitly. Confidence intervals and bands, power analyses, and severity curves remain useful adjuncts in particular situations. Analyses conducted under this paradigm we term neoFisherian significance assessments (NFSA). Their role is assessment of the existence, sign and magnitude of statistical effects. The common label of null hypothesis significance tests (NHST) is retained for paleoFisherian and Neyman-Pearsonian approaches and their hybrids. The original Neyman-Pearson framework has no utility outside quality control type applications. Some advocates of Bayesian, likelihood and information-theoretic approaches to model selection have argued that P values and NFSAs are of little or no value, but those arguments do not withstand critical review. Champions of Bayesian methods in particular continue to overstate their value and relevance. 312 Hurlbert & Lombardi • ANN. ZOOL. FeNNICI Vol. 46 " … the object of statistical methods is the reduction of data. A quantity of data … is to be replaced by relatively few quantities which shall …
Long-term follow-up of a randomized Phase II study of cisplatin/5-FU concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer (KROSG0101/JROSG021).

OBJECTIVE
Long-term survival and late toxicities of a randomized Phase II study of chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer were analyzed.


METHODS
Eligible patients were <75 years old and performance status 0-2, and had Stages II-IVA esophageal cancer. For arm A (short-term infusion), cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 29 and 5-fluorouracil 700 mg/m(2) Days 1-5 and 29-33 were given concurrently with radiotherapy of 60 Gy/30 fr/7 weeks (1 week split). For arm B (protracted infusion), cisplatin 7 mg/m(2) Days 1-5, 8-12, 29-33 and 36-40, and 5-fluorouracil 250 mg/m(2) Days 1-14 and 29-42 were given with the same radiotherapy. Two cycles of consolidation cisplatin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy were given to both arms.


RESULTS
Between 2001 and 2006, 91 patients were enrolled; 46 were randomized to arm A, and 45 to arm B. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates for arm A were 46 and 35% (95% confidence interval: 22-48%), while those for arm B were 44 and 22% (11-35%), respectively. Excluding four patients with early death, seven (17%) patients in arm A and eight (18%) in arm B showed late toxicities of Grade 3 or more. Most of the toxicities were cardiac or pleural toxicities. Patients with severe late toxicities often had coexistent hypothyroidism. There were three patients with a secondary malignancy possibly related to treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Low-dose protracted infusion chemotherapy with radiotherapy is not superior to full-dose short-term infusion chemotherapy with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Late toxicities, including cardiac and pleural toxicities, hypothyroidism and secondary malignancy, should be carefully monitored.
Outcome of patients who refuse transfusion after cardiac surgery: a natural experiment with severe blood conservation.

BACKGROUND
Jehovah's Witness patients (Witnesses) who undergo cardiac surgery provide a unique natural experiment in severe blood conservation because anemia, transfusion, erythropoietin, and antifibrinolytics have attendant risks. Our objective was to compare morbidity and long-term survival of Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery with a similarly matched group of patients who received transfusions.


METHODS
A total of 322 Witnesses and 87 453 non-Witnesses underwent cardiac surgery at our center from January 1, 1983, to January 1, 2011. All Witnesses prospectively refused blood transfusions. Among non-Witnesses, 38 467 did not receive blood transfusions and 48 986 did. We used propensity methods to match patient groups and parametric multiphase hazard methods to assess long-term survival. Our main outcome measures were postoperative morbidity complications, in-hospital mortality, and long-term survival.


RESULTS
Witnesses had fewer acute complications and shorter length of stay than matched patients who received transfusions: myocardial infarction, 0.31% vs 2.8% (P = . 01); additional operation for bleeding, 3.7% vs 7.1% (P = . 03); prolonged ventilation, 6% vs 16% (P < . 001); intensive care unit length of stay (15th, 50th, and 85th percentiles), 24, 25, and 72 vs 24, 48, and 162 hours (P < . 001); and hospital length of stay (15th, 50th, and 85th percentiles), 5, 7, and 11 vs 6, 8, and 16 days (P < . 001). Witnesses had better 1-year survival (95%; 95% CI, 93%-96%; vs 89%; 95% CI, 87%-90%; P = . 007) but similar 20-year survival (34%; 95% CI, 31%-38%; vs 32% 95% CI, 28%-35%; P = . 90).


CONCLUSIONS
Witnesses do not appear to be at increased risk for surgical complications or long-term mortality when comparisons are properly made by transfusion status. Thus, current extreme blood management strategies do not appear to place patients at heightened risk for reduced long-term survival.
Associations between executive functioning, coping, and psychosocial functioning after acquired brain injury.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the relationships between executive functioning, coping, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with neuropsychiatric symptoms after acquired brain injury (ABI).


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Individuals (n = 93) in the post-acute and chronic phase (>3 months) after ABI and their significant others (N = 58) were recruited from outpatient clinics of four mental health centres in the Netherlands. Outcome measures were the Trail Making Test, Stroop Colour Word Test, Frontal Systems Behavioural Scale, Utrecht Coping List, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analysed with multiple regression analyses.


RESULTS
Self-reported executive dysfunction was associated with greater use of passive coping styles (β = .37, p < .01), and passive coping, in turn, was associated with lower quality of life (β = -.57, p < .001) and more depressive symptoms (β = .65, p < .001). Problem-focused coping was associated with higher quality of life among individuals who reported better executive functioning (β = -.94, p < .05). Performances on executive functioning tests were not associated with coping, depressive symptoms, or quality of life.


CONCLUSIONS
For clinicians, these data indicate that individuals who report greater difficulties with executive functioning after ABI are inclined to use maladaptive passive coping styles, which should be targeted in treatment. In comparison, individuals who report greater difficulties with executive functioning should not be prompted to use problem-focused coping styles. These individuals may benefit from other coping styles, such as the use of seeking social support or acceptance of problems.


PRACTITIONER POINTS
Coping influences the association between executive functioning and quality of life. Individuals who report difficulties with executive functioning after ABI may be inclined to use passive coping styles, which are maladaptive. Problem-focused coping strategies may be more useful for individuals who have strong executive abilities. This study was a cross-sectional study; thus, a cause-and-effect relationship could not be established between executive functioning, coping, and psychosocial functioning. As this research was part of standard clinical care, non-traditional tests for executive functioning were not administered.
Connecting nursing leadership and patient outcomes: state of the science.

Health care in many countries has undergone rapid and turbulent change over the past three decades including hospital mergers into larger corporations, downsizing hospital beds, moving services out of hospitals into communities, and increasing managerialism in which programs are based on business models promoting fiscal and organizational efficiencies in pursuit of quality improvement (Gilbert 2005, Duncan et al. 2014). This has resulted in significant challenges to optimal patient outcomes through shorter hospital stays, increased waiting times for procedures, service integration to reduce duplication, and implementation of computerized information systems. Changes reflected in restructuring and downsizing have also contributed to the redeployment of many frontline nurses and the elimination of nursing management positions. In many new management models nursing leaders are responsible for multiple clinical programs with larger numbers of staff reporting to them and in some instances were replaced with non-nursing managers (Laschinger et al. 2008). Despite considerable evidence associating features of nursing practice environments, such as staffing, with patient outcomes (Estabrooks et al. 2005, Blegen et al. 2011, Duffield et al. 2011, Aiken et al. 2014), there is much less research examining the effects of nursing leadership on patient outcomes. Some authors have signaled concern for the future of nursing when organizational cultures promote too much focus on efficiencies without a better balance between economics and quality care values and professionals standards (Duncan et al. 2014, Orvik et al. 2015). In practice, we know that effective frontline nurse leaders strive to create this balance while also ensuring adequate resources to realize high quality care. Senior nurse executives play a critical role in inspiring excellence in nursing and strong professional practice environments through policy-making at higher organizational levels (Huston 2008). The continuing economic pressures, health and safety risks associated with stressful and overloaded work environments, workforce shortages and the impending retirement of a large cohort of nurse leaders mean that attention must be directed to both understanding and developing what is effective nursing leadership and how it is connected to patient outcomes in order to ensure care practices are cost-effective while improving patient outcomes. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a summary of the state of the science on nursing leadership and patient outcomes including discussion of research gaps and issues and implications for practice based on the evidence.
Mobile applications in tourism: the future of the tourism industry?

Purpose – The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was extended with psychological constructs namely perceived playfulness (PP), mobile innovativeness in information technology (MIIT) and perceived expressiveness (PEX) to examine on the consumers’ intention to adopt mobile applications (m-apps) as another mean in purchasing tourism related product and services via their mobile devices. The study also included gender as moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach – Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) approach was adopted to test the research framework using 474 valid respondents. Findings –The results revealed that only performance expectancy (PE) and PEX are nonsignificant with the intention to adopt. In addition, gender moderates the effect between social influence (SI) and intention. Practical Implications – The study has several useful implications for researchers, m-apps developers, travel related organizations and even government agencies when rendering m-apps services and disseminating information to their potential consumers. Originality/value –The study contributes to the growing literature on m-apps in tourism from a developing country’s perspective.
Concurrent Design of Multimode Input Shapers and Link Dynamics for Flexible Manipulators

This paper proposes a concurrent design of a robust multimode input shaper and a modification of the link dynamics for flexible manipulators. The input shaper design takes advantage of this modification in reducing the time delay introduced while the residual vibration is kept under a prescribed level in the presence of significant parameter variations. An optimization procedure to tune the shaper coefficients concurrently, which are calculated simultaneously for all considered vibration modes, and the modification of the link dynamics, carried out by attaching small lumped masses along the link. Significant reductions in the time delay introduced by the proposed concurrent design are reported on an experimental single-link flexible manipulator.
Models in Systems Biology: The Parameter Problem and the Meanings of Robustness

I co-teach a graduate course at Harvard called “An Introduction to Systems Biology”. It covers some of the mathematical methods used to build mechanistic models of molecular and cellular systems. Beginning students tend to ask two kinds of questions. Those with a biological background say “Why do I need to use mathematical models? What can they tell me that conventional biological methods cannot?”, while those from the physical sciences (mathematics, physics, engineering) or computer science say “I know how to model. Why is biology any different from physics or engineering?”. Broadly speaking, everyone wants to know, from very different perspectives, “How do I do systems biology?”. Students are usually under the misapprehension that the person standing in front of them knows the answers to such questions. In my case, I was only marginally less ignorant than the students themselves. It was their curiosity
Impact of carotid plaque screening on smoking cessation and other cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Screening of peripheral atherosclerosis is increasingly used, but few trials have examined its clinical impact. We aimed to assess whether carotid plaque screening helps smokers to improve their health behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 536 smokers aged 40 to 70 years to carotid plaque ultrasonographic screening (US group) vs no screening (control group) in addition to individual counseling and nicotine replacement therapy for all participants. Smokers with at least 1 plaque received pictures of their plaques with a 7-minute structured explanation. The outcomes included biochemically validated smoking cessation at 12 months (primary outcome) and changes in cardiovascular risk factor levels and Framingham risk score.


RESULTS
At baseline, participants (mean age, 51.1 years; 45.0% women) smoked an average of 20 cigarettes per day with a median duration of 32 years. The US group had a high prevalence of carotid plaques (57.9%). At 12 months, smoking cessation rates were high, but did not differ between the US and control groups (24.9% vs 22.1%; P = .45). In the US group, cessation rates did not differ according to the presence or absence of plaques. Control of cardiovascular risk factors (ie, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin A(1c) levels in diabetic patients) and mean absolute risk change in Framingham risk score did not differ between the groups. The mean absolute risk change in Framingham risk score was +0.6 in the US group vs +0.3 in the control group (P = .56).


CONCLUSION
In smokers, carotid plaque screening performed in addition to thorough smoking cessation counseling is not associated with increased rates of smoking cessation or control of cardiovascular risk factors. Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00548665.
Training Ternary Neural Networks with Exact Proximal Operator

In this paper, we propose a stochastic proximal gradient method to train ternary weight neural networks (TNN). The proposed method features weight ternarization via an exact formula of proximal operator. Our experiments show that our trained TNN are able to preserve the state-of-the-art performance on MNIST and CIFAR-10 benchmark datesets.
Distributed Reinforcement Learning Approach for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), general purpose ad hoc routing protocols such as AODV cannot work efficiently due to the frequent changes in network topology caused by vehicle movement. This paper proposes a VANET routing protocol QLAODV (QLearning AODV) which suits unicast applications in high mobility scenarios. QLAODV is a distributed reinforcement learning routing protocol, which uses a Q-Learning algorithm to infer network state information and uses unicast control packets to check the path availability in a real time manner in order to allow Q-Learning to work efficiently in a highly dynamic network environment. QLAODV is favored by its dynamic route change mechanism, which makes it capable of reacting quickly to network topology changes. We present an analysis of the performance of QLAODV by simulation using different mobility models. The simulation results show that QLAODV can efficiently handle unicast applications in VANETs. key words: vehicular ad hoc networks, routing protocol, Q-Learning, AODV
From biological to social networks : Link prediction based on multiway spectral clustering 3 Q 1 4 5 O O

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Article history: Received 25 February 2012 Received in revised form 16 May 2013 Accepted 16 May 2013 Available online xxxx 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 423 R R E C T E D P Link prediction in protein–protein interaction networks (PPINs) is an important task in biology, since the vast majority of biological functions involve such protein interactions. Link prediction is also important for online social networks (OSNs), which provide predictions about who is a friend of whom. Many link prediction methods for PPINs/OSNs are local-based and do not exploit all network structure, which limits prediction accuracy. On the other hand, there are global approaches to detect the overall path structure in a network, being computationally prohibitive for huge-size PPINs/OSNs. In this paper, we enhance a previously proposed multi-way spectral clustering method by introducing new ways to capture node proximity in both PPINs/OSNs. Our new enhanced method uses information obtained from the top few eigenvectors of the normalized Laplacian matrix. As a result, it produces a less noisy matrix, which is smaller and more compact than the original one. In this way, we are able to provide faster and more accurate link predictions. Moreover, our new spectral clustering model is based on the well-known Bray–Curtis coefficient to measure proximity between two nodes. Compared to traditional clustering algorithms, such as k-means and DBSCAN, which assume globular (convex) regions in Euclidean space, our approach is more flexible in capturing the non-connected components of a social graph and a wider range of cluster geometries. We perform an extensive experimental comparison of the proposed method against existing link prediction algorithms and k-means algorithm, using two synthetic data sets, three real social networks and three real human protein data sets. Our experimental results show that our SpectralLink algorithm outperforms the local approaches, the k-means algorithm and another spectral clustering method in terms of effectiveness, whereas it is more efficient than the global approaches. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Paclitaxel 175 or 225 mg per meters squared with carboplatin in advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized trial.

PURPOSE
To analyze the effect of different doses of paclitaxel with fixed doses of carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IIB to IV, were eligible for this randomized, multicenter study. Women were randomly assigned to treatment with (1) carboplatin at the dose (in milligrams) corresponding to the following formula: target area under the free carboplatin plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) = 6 x (glomerular filtration rate + 25) mg/m(2) (AUC6) plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) for six cycles every 21 days or (2) carboplatin AUC6 plus paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) for six cycles every 21 days. A total of 502 women entered the study.


RESULTS
Pathologic complete response was documented in 132 patients (63.8%) in the 175 mg/m(2) group and in 127 cases (55.7%) in the 225 mg/m(2) group (chi(2) P =.090). The 4-year progression-free survival rate was 41.5% (SE = 3.5) in the 175-mg group and 39.2% (SE = 3.5) in the 225-mg group. The corresponding 4-year survival rates were 46.2% (based on 115 deaths) and 47.3% (based on 113 deaths), respectively.


CONCLUSION
This randomized trial suggests that paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) plus carboplatin AUC6 is the schedule with a more favorable profile than paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) plus carboplatin AUC6.