LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, risk factors and preventive strategies in work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Israeli physical therapists.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although physical therapists (PTs) have extensive knowledge of body mechanisms and injury prevention, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are quite common in this population. The purposes of this study were: to determine the prevalence and impact of WRMD among Israeli PTs; to investigate WRMD risk factors and to identify preventive strategies used by PTs; and to compare the risk of injuries in two professional settings: rehabilitation centres (RCs) and outpatient clinics (OPCs).


METHOD
A validated, modified Cromie questionnaire, translated into Hebrew, was distributed to the PTs at their workplaces. The relationship between WRMD symptoms and professional settings was analysed by Pearson chi-square. The risk models were developed by logistic regression. One hundred and twelve PTs working in OPCs and RCs who defined themselves as healthy individuals were the subjects of this study.


RESULTS
Lifetime prevalence of WRMD was 83%. The highest prevalence of WRMD was in the lower back area (80%). Rehabilitation treatment was associated with an increased risk of lower back (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05) and shoulder symptoms (OR = 1.04); manual treatment was associated with an increased risk of wrist/thumb symptoms (OR = 1.11).


DISCUSSION
Work in RCs was associated with an increased prevalence of lower back/shoulder symptoms, whereas work in OPCs was associated with an increased prevalence of thumb/wrist symptoms. PT's used different strategies to reduce risk of WRMD, including altering practice technique. The respondents recommended administrative and ergonomic changes in the workplace.


CONCLUSION
Workplace-specific interventions to reduce WRMD in PTs should be developed and tested in future studies.
Hand-Eye Calibration of SCARA Robots

In SCARA robots, which are often used in industrial applications, all joint axes are parallel, covering three degrees of freedom in translation and one degree of freedom in rotation. Therefore, conventional approaches for the handeye calibration of articulated robots cannot be used for SCARA robots. In this paper, we present a new linear method that is based on dual quaternions and extends the work of [1] for SCARA robots. To improve the accuracy, a subsequent nonlinear optimization is proposed. We address several practical implementation issues and show the effectiveness of the method by evaluating it on synthetic and real data.
Pharmacognostic Study of Euphorbia hirta Linn . : An Hyperglyceamic Plant N ’

Objective: To study the preliminary characteristics and pharmacognostic of Euphorbia hirta Linn a ruderal plant, harvested in Ivory Coast. Methods: The pharmacognostic study involved the performance of macroscopic and microscopic examinations of fresh and dried plant. The physico-chemical study involved the determination of moisture content, total ash, ashes sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid insoluble ashes. Results: The pharmacognostic study has revealed a small herb with finely toothed leaves, asymmetrical, arranged in pairs, opposite a red vinous stem. The inflorescence is composed of small yellowish flowers unisexual, solitary at each node. The fruits are small capsules hairy three valves. The anatomical and histological section of the limbus showed a protruding cylindrical midrib on the underside and slightly depressed on the other. Medullary parenchyma reduced with large polygonal cells and lower collenchyme are cellulosic. Sclerenchyma sheathing the driver device consists of fibrovascular bundle. Secondary and arranged in radial alignment are wood, having vessels with lignified walls and bast with small cells with cellulose walls. The stem, circular, presented a less developed bark, an epidermis, a collenchyme and parenchyma. The developed central cylinder consists of a main parenchyma are observed wherein a centrifugal primary wood, the primary centripetal bast and sclerenchyma in radial alignment around the cambium and the secondary wood. Conclusion: pharmacognostic analysis and physico-chemical characteristics can help in the efficient use of this medicinal plant.
Point of care troponin decreases time in the emergency department for patients with possible acute coronary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of cardiac troponin I testing with a point-of-care (POC) device versus central laboratory on length of stay (LOS) in emergency department (ED) patients presenting with possible acute coronary syndromes (ACS).


METHODS
A 12-week randomised controlled trial at two metropolitan ED in eastern Australia with a combined annual census of 80,000. Participants were all patients presenting with possible ACS. Exclusions were a diagnosis of ACS before arrival, ST elevation and failure to wait for complete assessment. Randomisation was by week when POC was made available. Primary outcome was LOS from patient arrival to physical departure from the ED. The proportion of patients meeting a government target of less than 8 h stay was compared. Analysis was by intention to treat.


RESULTS
Despite underutilisation of POC, LOS was shorter during weeks when it was available. The time savings translates into approximately 48 minutes (95% CI 12 to 84) per average LOS of almost 7 h, which did not reach statistical significance (p=0.063), or an absolute increase of 10% (95% CI 4.3 to 16.6) in the number of people discharged from the ED within the target LOS of less than 8 h, which did reach significance (p=0.007). These savings were more pronounced in the setting without 24 h central laboratory availability.


CONCLUSIONS
POC testing for troponin in the ED tended to reduce the LOS for possible ACS patients. The degree of this benefit is likely to be markedly dependent on its acceptance and uptake by attending personnel, and on the ED setting in which it is used.
Postoperative Pain After Lumbar Disc Surgery: A Comparison Between Parenteral Ketorolac and Narcotics

 Objective. Lumbar discectomy is a common elective surgical procedure but many patients still experience postoperative back pain which may delay hospital discharge. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of a parenteral non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, ketorolac, for the management of post-surgical pain.  Methods. Fifty three patients undergoing lumbar discectomy at a Medical School affiliated Veterans Administration hospital were randomly assigned to receive either: 1) 30 mg intramuscular ketorolac upon surgical closure and every 6 hours for 36 hours and narcotic analgesics as needed (PRN); or 2) only narcotic analgesics as needed. A blinded observer recorded the average, minimum and maximum postoperative pain intensity using a Numeric Pain Intensity Scale; total postoperative narcotic consumption, complications, length of hospitalization (from surgery to discharge) and outcome at 6 weeks.  Results. The patients who received ketorolac reported significantly lower average (p<0.001), minimum (p<0.001), and maximum (p<0.001) pain scores than patients receiving only narcotic analgesics. Cumulative narcotic doses (standardized to parenteral morphine) were significantly lower in the ketorolac group (p< 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in the frequency of side effects, and no complication specifically associated with ketorolac use was observed. Mean length of hospitalization was significantly shorter (p=0.05) in patients receiving ketorolac than in patients receiving only narcotics. Six weeks after surgery 5 (19.2%) patients who received only narcotics were troubled by persistent back pain. By contrast, all patients who received ketorolac were free of back pain at follow-up (p=0.03).  Conclusions. These results suggest that ketorolac, when used with PRN narcotics, is more effective than PRN narcotics alone for postoperative pain following lumbar disc surgery. In addition, this strategy also may contribute to early discharge from hospital after lumbar disc surgery.
An MDA Framework Supporting OCL

We present an mda framework, developed in the functional programming language sml, that tries to bridge the gap between formal software development and the needs of industrial software development, e.g., code generation. Overall, our toolchain provides support for software modeling using uml/ocl and guides the user from type-checking and model transformations to code generation and formal analysis of the uml/ocl model. We conclude with a report on our experiences in using a functional language for implementing mda tools.
Innervation and receptor profiles of the human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat gland: routes for intervention in bromhidrosis.

BACKGROUND
Human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat glands secrete in response to local or systemic administration of catecholamines and cholinergic agonists. As the process of secretion in human apocrine glands is not fully understood and no literature detailing the expression of adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic receptors is available, there is a need to know the receptor types. Such data could provide new approaches for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate the localization of nerve fibres, adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic receptors in human axillary apocrine sweat glands by immunohistochemistry.


METHODS
Human axillary apocrine sweat glands were investigated by serial sectioning of paraffin wax-embedded skin samples from volunteers. Sections were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against neurofilament, alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors, P2Y(1), P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) purinoceptors, and M(3) cholinoceptors.


RESULTS
Neurofilaments were found near the eccrine but not the apocrine gland. Apocrine glands demonstrated the presence of beta-2 and beta-3 adrenoceptors in the secretory coil of the gland, but not alpha-1, beta-1 or M(3) receptors. Glandular purinergic staining (P2Y(1), P2Y(2) and P2Y(4)) was found in what looked like myoepithelial cells, while P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) staining was found on apical membranes and diffusely throughout secretory cells. Eccrine gland staining acted as internal positive controls.


CONCLUSIONS
No nerve fibres were found near the apocrine gland, suggesting that any catecholamine influence is through humoral effects and that glands could be influenced by beta-adrenoceptor subtypes and purinoceptors. Blockage of both these types of receptors offers a route to controlling apocrine secretion from axillary glands and reducing the opportunity for the development of bromhidrosis.
Multipurpose Reservoir Operation Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents an efficient and reliable swarm intelligence-based approach, namely elitist-mutated particle swarm optimization EMPSO technique, to derive reservoir operation policies for multipurpose reservoir systems. Particle swarm optimizers are inherently distributed algorithms, in which the solution for a problem emerges from the interactions between many simple individuals called particles. In this study the standard particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm is further improved by incorporating a new strategic mechanism called elitist-mutation to improve its performance. The proposed approach is first tested on a hypothetical multireservoir system, used by earlier researchers. EMPSO showed promising results, when compared with other techniques. To show practical utility, EMPSO is then applied to a realistic case study, the Bhadra reservoir system in India, which serves multiple purposes, namely irrigation and hydropower generation. To handle multiple objectives of the problem, a weighted approach is adopted. The results obtained demonstrate that EMPSO is consistently performing better than the standard PSO and genetic algorithm techniques. It is seen that EMPSO is yielding better quality solutions with less number of function evaluations. DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE 0733-9496 2007 133:3 192 CE Database subject headings: Reservoir operation; Optimization; Irrigation; Hydroelectric power generation.
Assessing the Impact of Service Workers on the Energy Efficiency of Progressive Web Apps

Context. Mobile web apps represent a large share of the Internet today. However, they still lag behind native apps in terms of user experience. Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are a new technology introduced by Google that aims at bridging this gap, with a set of APIs known as service workers at its core. Goal. In this paper, we present an empirical study that evaluates the impact of service workers on the energy efficiency of PWAs, when operating in different network conditions on two different generations of mobile devices. Method. We designed an empirical experiment with two main factors: the use of service workers and the type of network available (2G or WiFi). We performed the experiment by running a total of 7 PWAs on two devices (an LG G2 and a Nexus 6P) that we evaluated as blocking factor. Our response variable is the energy consumption of the devices. Results. Our results show that service workers do not have a significant impact over the energy consumption of the two devices, regardless of the network conditions. Also, no interaction was detected between the two factors. However, some patterns in the data show different behaviors among PWAs. Conclusions. This paper represents a first empirical investigation on PWAs. Our results show that the PWA and service workers technology is promising in terms of energy efficiency.
Preface: Cognitive Informatics, Cognitive Computing, and Their Denotational Mathematical Foundations (I)

Cognitive Informaticsis a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research area that tackles the fundamental problems shared by modern informatics, computing, software engineering, AI, cybernetics, cognitive science, neuropsychology, medica l science, systems science, philosophy, linguistics, economics, management science, and life science s. This editorial introduces the emerging field of cognitive informatics and its applications in cogni tive computing, abstract intelligence, computational mathematics, and computational intelligence. The themes and structure of this special issue on cognitive informatics are described, and then, foc uses of the selected papers in this special issue are highlighted.
Truth and deception at the rhetorical structure level

This paper furthers the development of methods to distinguish truth from deception in textual data. We use rhetorical structure theory (RST) as the analytic framework to identify systematic differences between deceptive and truthful stories in terms of their coherence and structure. A sample of 36 elicited personal stories, self-ranked as truthful or deceptive, is manually analyzed by assigning RST discourse relations among each story’s constituent parts. A vector space model (VSM) assesses each story’s position in multidimensional RST space with respect to its distance from truthful and deceptive centers as measures of the story’s level of deception and truthfulness. Ten human judges evaluate independently whether each story is deceptive and assign their confidence levels (360 evaluations total), producing measures of the expected human ability to recognize deception. As a robustness check, a test sample of 18 truthful stories (with 180 additional evaluations) is used to determine the reliability of our RST-VSM method in determining deception. The contribution is in demonstration of the discourse structure analysis as a significant method for automated deception detection and an effective complement to lexicosemantic analysis. The potential is in developing novel discourse-based tools to alert information users to potential deception in computermediated texts. Introduction
Complementary therapists' motivation to work in cancer/supportive and palliative care: a multi-centre case study.

PURPOSE
To uncover complementary therapists' motivation to work in cancer/supportive and palliative care.


METHOD
The study employed a multiple case-study design, involving three cancer/supportive and palliative care settings in the North West of England. A questionnaire survey (n=51) was undertaken, followed by semi-structured interviews with a subgroup of the sample (n=28).


RESULTS
Participants had a mean age of 50 years, were predominantly female and had varied career backgrounds, including prior professional experience in healthcare, teaching and private complementary therapy practice. Motivation for working in cancer/supportive and palliative care included vocational drive with a desire to provide individualised treatment and adopt a person centred, empowering and caring approach; disillusionment with conventional care; career development and personal experience of cancer or other serious illness.


CONCLUSION
Findings indicated that motivational factors for therapists working in cancer care/supportive and palliative care were varied and highlighted a combination of 'push and pull' factors, particularly for therapists who are also health care practitioners. Further research related to volunteering, sustainable services and support and training for therapists is required.
The multi-tasking paradox : perceptions , problems and strategies

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to describe multi-tasking behaviour in the workplace; to link its cause to the increasing prevalence of low-cost information and communications technologies and to the changing organizational structures that have evolved to meet the demands and opportunities of these technologies. Design/methodology/approach – This article is a presentation of the current literature on multi-tasking behaviour among knowledge workers with a selective bibliography addressing empirical research into the behavioural, managerial and technological aspects of this phenomenon. It then expands to comprehensive coverage of the literature on past and current thinking about task structuring, strategies for coping in a multi-tasking environment and the changing nature of work and organizations, which fuels the need to multi-task in response to these changes. Findings – Among knowledge workers, multi-tasking behaviour appears to be an inevitable consequence of the presence of increasingly easy access to information. Despite the detrimental effect that multi-tasking has on specific task completion, the paradox is that this does not seem to have an effect on overall organizational productivity. For the USA at least, an average 4 per cent growth rate over the past several years of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries shows that productivity has increased in tandem with an increase in multi-tasking behaviour and information technologies. Practical implications – Multi-tasking behaviour needs to be understood in the context of its manifestation as a variable that is at least partially dependent on the existence of relatively “cheap” information. In essence, in an information economy, task completion by knowledge workers to a set deadline may be counterproductive to the interests of the organization as a whole. This article describes certain strategies that can be used to minimize the harmful aspects of continuous task switching and to maximize the returns to experience that multi-tasking can bring to an organization. Originality/value – Multi-tasking behaviour and its link to complexity theory may lead to a new understanding of organizations as highly fluid and variable entities that are impossible to design or maintain centrally and yet whose goals lead to the moment by moment creation of micro-organizational structures that accomplish tasks in a manner that engages the full resources of knowledge workers.
Pregnancy outcomes by mode of delivery among breech births

To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of the vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery for the breech presentation. We reviewed the maternal and neonatal charts of all singleton breech deliveries of <1,000, 1,000–1,500, 1,501–2,500, 2,501–4,000, and >4,000 g delivered between 2000 and 2006 at our institution. The study population consisted of 1,537 women with a fetus in a breech presentation. A group of 478 women that had delivered vaginally was compared with a group of 1,059 women, who had cesarean delivery, regarding neonatal mortality and morbidity (asphyxia, bone fractures, intraventricular hemorrhage, convulsions, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital hip dislocation), and maternal morbidity (febrile morbidity, anemia, wound infection). Neonatal complications did not differ between the group of women with term babies, <1,000 g babies, >1,500 g babies in breech presentation for women that had vaginal delivery and those that had cesarean delivery. On the other hand, breech presentation in preterm delivery between 1,000 and 1,500 g birth weight appears an independent risk factor for the neonatal mortality. There were fewer maternal complications in the vaginal group than in the cesarean group. Vaginal delivery of 1,000–1,500 g babies presenting as breech is associated with the increased neonatal mortality compared with cesarean delivery. Cesarean delivery is associated with maternal morbidity compared with the vaginal delivery.
Quality versus quantity of life in the treatment of patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer? A randomized phase III comparison of weekly carboplatin and teniposide versus cisplatin, adriamycin, etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine and lomustine. Swiss Group fo

BACKGROUND
Based on a promising pilot study with weekly carboplatin and teniposide (CBDCA/VM) the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) performed a randomised phase III trial in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer aimed at the development of an effective palliative treatment with low subjective toxicity.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
From September 1989 to September 1991 patients were randomised to a weekly regimen of CBDCA/VM or to our 'standard chemotherapy' of cisplatin, adriamycin and etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine and lomustine (PAV-CyMOC).


RESULTS
The trial was closed before the planned accrual of 140 evaluable patients due to a significant survival difference shown by an interim analysis. Of the 61 patients 59 were eligible and included in the final analysis. The results achieved with the PAV-CyMOC regimen were significantly better than those observed in patients treated with weekly CBDCA/VM (remission rate of 65% vs. 29%; p = 0.006). The median survival of patients treated with the PAV-CyMOC combination was significantly longer than that of patients receiving weekly CBDCA/VM (260 days vs. 147 days; p = 0.0035). The 1-year survival rate was 30% in the PAV-CyMOC arm compared to 4% in the CBDCA/VM-treated patients. As expected, side effects including myelosuppression, alopecia and mucositis were significantly more pronounced in patients treated with the PAV-CyMOC regimen. No significant difference was found in patient-rated tumor symptoms and general quality-of-life categories.


CONCLUSION
Contrary to our initial expectation that we would achieve similar therapeutic results with less subjective toxicity, in this randomised prospective trial the results achieved by weekly carboplatin and teniposide were significantly inferior in terms of remission rate and survival to those of our 'standard regimen' of cisplatin, adriamycin and etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine and lomustine. The weekly regimen was less toxic than the standard chemotherapy. Whether patients are willing to accept a significant trade-off between quantity and quality of life remains to be evaluated.