LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of Determining Parameters of CLAHE Based on Image Entropy

Histogram equalization, which stretches the dynamic range of intensity, is the most common method for enhancing the contrast of image. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), proposed by K. Zuierveld, has two key parameters: block size and clip limit. These parameters are mainly used to control image quality, but have been heuristically determined by users. In this paper, we propose a novel method of determining two parameters of the CLAHE using entropy of image. The key idea is based on the characteristics of entropy curves: clip limit vs entropy and block size vs entropy. Clip limit and block size are determined at the point with maximum curvature on entropy curve. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves images with very low contrast.
Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?

Constipation defined as changes in the frequency, volume, weight, consistency and ease of passage of the stool occurs in any age group. The most important factors known to promote constipation are reduced physical activity and inadequate dietary intake of fibres, carbohydrates and fluids. Fluid losses induced by diarrhoea and febrile illness alter water balance and promote constipation. When children increase their water consumption above their usual intake, no change in stool frequency and consistency was observed. The improvement of constipation by increasing water intake, therefore, may be effective in children only when voluntary fluid consumption is lower-than-normal for the child's age and activity level. In the elderly, low fluid intake, which may be indicative of hypohydration, was a cause of constipation and a significant relationship between liquid deprivation from 2500 to 500 ml per day and constipation was reported. Dehydration is also observed when saline laxatives are used for the treatment of constipation if fluid replacement is not maintained and may affect the efficacy of the treatment. While sulphate in drinking water does not appear to have a significant laxative effect, fluid intake and magnesium sulphate-rich mineral waters were shown to improve constipation in healthy infants. In conclusion, fluid loss and fluid restriction and thus de-or hypohydration increase constipation. It is thus important to maintain euhydration as a prevention of constipation.
Simulation of Unsteady Laminar Flow around a Circular Cylinder Morteza Bayareh

Abstract In this paper, unsteady laminar flow around a circular cylinder has been studied. Navier-stokes equations solved by Simple C algorithm exerted to specified structured and unstructured grids. Equations solved by staggered method and discretization of those done by upwind method. The mean drag coefficient, lift coefficient and strouhal number are compared from current work at three different Reynolds numbers with experimental and numerical values.
Healthcare process analysis: the use of simulation to evaluate hospital operations between the emergency department and a medical telemetry unit

This paper presents a simulation model of the operations in the Emergency Department (ED) and Medical Telemetry (Med Tele) Units at Rush North Shore Medical Center. The model allows management to see the operations of both units as well as how the processes of each unit impact the other. Due to the large amount of variability that can take place within these units, Rush North Shore Medical Center along with Cap Gemini Ernst & Young sought the use of simulation to help evaluate their operations and provide insight into possible areas for improvement. Rockwell Automation created a model which depicts the current operations and evaluates possible alternatives to reduce the length of stay in the ED and improve operations. Using simulation, the hospital was able to select two to three key changes, rather than creating more stress with ten or more changes, to get the same result.
Endonasal endoscopic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal cavities and skull base: Oncologic outcomes based on treatment strategy and tumor etiology.

BACKGROUND
Oncologic outcomes for sinonasal and skull base squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) needs investigation.


METHODS
Patients with SCC treated with EEA were stratified by treatment strategy and tumor etiology and reviewed.


RESULTS
Thirty-four patients were treated with EEA, or which 27 had definitive resection and 7 had debulking surgery. In the definitive group, 17 had de novo tumors and 10 had tumors arising from inverted papilloma. Definitive resection was associated with better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than debulking (62% vs 17%; p = .02; and 78% vs 30%; p = .03). Patients with de novo tumors had similar 5-year DFS and OS to those arising from inverted papilloma (62% vs 62%; p = .75; and 75% vs 86%; p = .24).


CONCLUSION
Definitive resection of sinonasal SCC with EEA provides sound oncologic outcomes. SCC arising from inverted papilloma does not have prognostic significance.
Étude de six huiles essentielles : composition chimique et activité antibactérienne

Les huiles essentielles sont utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour leurs activités antiseptiques. Au cours de travaux précédents, le genre Thymus avait montré de bons résultats comme antifongique. L’étude a été poursuivie sur l’activité antibactérienne. Six huiles essentielles (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris chémotype carvacrol, Thymus zygis chémotype thymol) ont été testées sur deux souches: Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus. Pour la souche Escherichia coli, les huiles essentielles d’origan et de thym à thymol sont les plus efficaces. Pour la souche Staphylococcus aureus, on note une moindre efficacité; l’huile essentielle d’origan est la plus active. Ce sont les phénols présents dans les huiles essentielles qui présentent une bonne activité antibactérienne. Essential oils are used in traditional medicine for their antiseptic action. During previous studies, the Thymus genus had shown good results as an antifungal. Research continued into its antibacterial activity. Six essential oils (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris chemotype carvacrol, Thymus zygis chemotype thymol) were tested on two strains: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Essential oils of oregano and thyme with thymol were most effective with respect to the strain Escherichia coli. For the strain Staphylococcus aureus we observed little effect: essential oil of oregano was the more active. Phenols present in essential oils have a good antibacterial activity.
Towards a scientific blockchain framework for reproducible data analysis

Publishing reproducible analyses is a long-standing and widespread challenge [1] for the scientific community, funding bodies and publishers [2, 3, 4]. Although a definitive solution is still elusive [5], the problem is recognized to affect all disciplines [6, 7, 8] and lead to a critical system inefficiency [9]. Here, we propose a blockchain-based approach to enhance scientific reproducibility, with a focus on life science studies and precision medicine. While the interest of encoding permanently into an immutable ledger all the study key information–including endpoints, data and metadata, protocols, analytical methods and all findings–has been already highlighted, here we apply the blockchain approach to solve the issue of rewarding time and expertise of scientists that commit to verify reproducibility. Our mechanism builds a trustless ecosystem of researchers, funding bodies and publishers cooperating to guarantee digital and permanent access to information and reproducible results. As a natural byproduct, a procedure to quantify scientists’ and institutions’ reputation for ranking purposes is obtained.
On stabilization methods of descriptor systems

Numerically reliable computational methods are proposed for the stabilization of a linear descriptor system with or without simultaneous elimination of its impulsive behavior. Two basic stabilization approaches are discussed. The rst approach relies on methods which represent generalizations of direct stabilization techniques for standard state-space systems. The second approach is based on a recursive generalized Schur algorithm for pole assignment. Both approaches are based exclusively on numerically reliable procedures and can serve for robust software implementations.
A Probabilistic Neural-Fuzzy Learning System for Stochastic Modeling

A probabilistic fuzzy neural network (PFNN) with a hybrid learning mechanism is proposed to handle complex stochastic uncertainties. Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are well known for vagueness processing. Embedded with the probabilistic method, an FLS will possess the capability to capture stochastic uncertainties. Further enhanced with the neural learning, it will be able to work under time-varying stochastic environment. Integrated with a statistical process control (SPC) based monitoring method, the PFNN can maintain the robust modeling performance. Finally, the successful simulation demonstrates the modeling effectiveness of the proposed PFNN under the time-varying stochastic conditions.
A lambda calculus of objects and method specialization

This paper presents an untyped lambda calculus, extended with object primitives that reflect the capabilities of so-called delegation-based object-oriented languages. A type inference system allows static detection of errors, such as message not understood, while at the same time allowing the type of an inherited method to be specialized to the type of the inheriting object. Type soundness is proved using operational semantics and examples illustrating the expressiveness of the pure calculus are presented. CR Classification: F.3.1, D.3.3, F.4.1
Upper White Watershed Integrated Economic and Environmental Management Project

This report outlines enhanced existing local cooperative water quality efforts, summarizes economic and physical data, and discusses how that information was used to develop analytical models.
DualIso : Scalable Subgraph Pattern Matching On Large Labeled Graphs SUPPLEMENT

This supplement to the paper provides all figures and substantial code listings which would not fit into the paper due to page limitations. Roadmap: The supplement is organized in the same manner as the main paper i.e. the section names in the main paper corresponds to the same section in the supplement for the easy reference. Note: In many cases, text from the main paper is included and or extended in order to provide context for the figures, tables, and code listings contained in this supplement. The figure numbers may get changed as some more figures are added in this supplement for detailed explanation. A. Graph Pattern Matching The goal of graph pattern matching is to find all subgraphs of a large graph, called the data graph, that are similar to a query graph structurally and semantically. To consider why this might be useful, look again at the graph displayed in Figure 1. Suppose a user of Facebook has just moved to Lyon, France from the United States and is looking for someone to accompany him to the U2 concert there. Thus, he wants to find out if any of his friends are friends with a person who lives in Lyon and who likes U2. Given that Facebook can be modeled as a graph like Figure 1, this question can be modeled as a graph query, as shown in Figure 2. In this query, the capital letters represent variables that the user would like filled in. In this case, using the graph in Figure 1, the query would return X = John and Y = Jim. In fact, Facebook Graph Search2 attempts to allow users to do just that, though at the moment it only has limited querying capabilities.
0414-001 2 APK File Dynamic Analysis Emulator Android OS Dalvik VM Analysis Report Static Analysis Post Processing Network Protocols Code Coverage

The smartphone industry has been one of the fastest growing technological areas in recent years. Naturally, the considerable market share of the Android OS and the diversity of app distribution channels besides the official Google Play Store has attracted the attention of malware authors. To deal with the increasing numbers of malicious Android apps in the wild, malware analysts typically rely on analysis tools to extract characteristic information about an app in an automated fashion. While the importance of such tools has been addressed by the research community [8], [24], [25], [27], the resulting prototypes remain limited in terms of analysis capabilities and availability. In this paper we present ANDRUBIS, a completely automated, publicly available and comprehensive analysis system for Android applications. ANDRUBIS combines static analysis techniques with dynamic analysis on both Dalvik VM and system level, as well as several stimulation techniques to increase code coverage.
Measuring the permittivity and permeability of lossy materials :: solids, liquids, metals, building materials, and negative-index materials

The goal of this report is to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers in the area of measurements of lossy dielectric and magnetic materials with the intent of assembhng the relevant information needed to perform and interpret dielectric measurements on lossy materials in one place. The report should aid in the selection of the most relevant methods for particular applications. We emphasize the metrology aspects of the measurement of lossy dielectrics and the associated uncertainty analysis. We present measurement methods, algorithms, and procedures for measuring both commonly used dielectric and magnetic materials, and in addition we present the fundamentals for measuring negative-index materials.
Retreatment and maintenance therapy with infliximab in fistulizing Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVES
Infliximab has clearly demonstrated its efficacy in the short-term treatment of fistulizing Crohn's disease. We present here the results of retreatment and long-term maintenance therapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eighty one consecutive patients with active fistulizing Crohn's disease, in whom previous treatments had failed, were treated with infliximab. All patients received as the initial treatment of 5 mg/kg i.v. infusions (weeks 0, 2, and 6). Those patients who failed to respond after the initial cycle (group 1, n = 25), or those who relapsed after having responded (group 2, n = 13), received retreatment with three similar doses (weeks 0,2, and 6). Those who responded to retreatment were included in a long-term maintenance programme (n = 44), with repeated doses (5 mg/kg i.v. infusions) every eight weeks for 1-2 years.


RESULTS
In the initial treatment 56% of the patients responded partially; this response being complete in 44%. In the retreatment, 28% of group 1 (non-responders) presented a complete response, compared to 77% in group 2 (relapsers) (p < 0.0001). In the maintenance treatment, the global response was 88% (39/44). The mean number of doses per patient was 4.4 +/- 2 (range 1-9) with a duration of 36 +/- 12 weeks (range 8-72). Adverse effects were not significantly increased in either treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Both retreatment and long-term maintenance therapy with infliximab, are highly effective and well tolerated in fistulizing Crohn's disease patients.
The multiple faces of working memory: Storage, processing, supervision, and coordination

Working memory capacity was differentiated along functional and content-related facets. Twenty-four tasks were constructed to operationalize the cells of the proposed taxonomy. We tested 133 university students with the new tasks, together with six working memory marker tasks. With structural equation models, three working memory functions could be distinguished: Simultaneous storage and processing, supervision, and coordination of elements into structures. Each function was further subdivided into distinct components of variance. On the content dimension, evidence for a dissociation between verbal-numerical working memory and spatial working memory was comparatively weak. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00115-0 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-97155 Originally published at: Oberauer, Klaus; Süß, H M; Wilhelm, Oliver; Wittmann, Werner W (2003). The multiple faces of working memory: Storage, processing, supervision, and coordination. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 31(2):167-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00115-0
New sunscreen materials based on amorphous cerium and titanium phosphate

Abstract Cerium–titanium pyrophosphates Ce 1− x Ti x P 2 O 7 (with x  = 0, 0.50, and 1.0), which are novel phosphate materials developed as UV-shielding agents for use in cosmetics, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescent analysis, UV–vis reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy. Since the optical reflectance shifted to lower wavelengths by the crystallization of the phosphates and the stabilization of the amorphous state of the cerium–titanium pyrophosphates was carried out by doping niobium (Nb). Raman spectroscopic study of the phosphate showed that P O P bending and stretching modes decreased with the loading of Nb, accompanying with the formation of Nb O stretching mode. Therefore, the increase in the amount of the non-bridging oxygen in the amorphous phosphate should be the reason for the inhibition of the crystallization. This stabilization is a significant improvement, which enables to apply these amorphous phosphates not only to cosmetics and paints, but also plastics and films.
The CRISPR-Cas system for plant genome editing: advances and opportunities.

Genome editing is an approach in which a specific target DNA sequence of the genome is altered by adding, removing, or replacing DNA bases. Artificially engineered hybrid enzymes, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) system are being used for genome editing in various organisms including plants. The CRISPR-Cas system has been developed most recently and seems to be more efficient and less time-consuming compared with ZFNs or TALENs. This system employs an RNA-guided nuclease, Cas9, to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms and mediate gene/genome modifications. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the CRISPR-Cas system and its adoption in different organisms, especially plants, for various applications. Important considerations and future opportunities for deployment of the CRISPR-Cas system in plants for numerous applications are also discussed. Recent investigations have revealed the implications of the CRISPR-Cas system as a promising tool for targeted genetic modifications in plants. This technology is likely to be more commonly adopted in plant functional genomics studies and crop improvement in the near future.
Differentiation of optic disc edema from optic nerve head drusen with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND
To assess the efficacy of quantitative analysis of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in differentiating optic disc edema (ODE) from optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).


METHODS
Prospective clinical study. Twenty-five eyes of 25 ODE patients (group 1), 25 eyes of 25 ONHD patients (group 2), and 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects were included. The thickness of the peripapillary RNFL, the thickness of the subretinal hyporeflective space (SHYPS), the area of the SHYPS, the horizontal length of the optic nerve head, and the angle between the temporal RNFL and the optic nerve head (α-angle) were evaluated with SD-OCT.


RESULTS
The mean RNFL thickness was significantly greater in group 1 when compared with group 2 and control group (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve areas for temporal and nasal RNFL thicknesses in differentiating group 1 and group 2 were 0.819 and 0.851, respectively (for temporal RNFL thickness >101.5 μm: sensitivity 92%, specificity 65%; for nasal RNFL thickness >74.5 μm: sensitivity 92%, specificity 47%). The mean SHYPS thickness, SHYPS area, and degree of the α-angle were greater in group 1 when compared with group 2 (P < 0.05). For the SHYPS thickness >464 μm: 85% sensitivity and 60% specificity; for the SHYPS area >811 μm: 85% sensitivity and 89% specificity; and for the α-angle >141°: 77% sensitivity and 95% specificity were obtained.


CONCLUSION
The quantitative analysis of the optic nerve head and peripapillary RNFL with SD-OCT can provide useful data in differentiating ODE from ONHD.
Practical and flexible path planning for car-like mobile robot using maximal-curvature cubic spiral

This paper presents a nonholonomic path planning method, aiming at taking into considerations of curvature constraint, length minimization, and computational demand, for car-like mobile robot based on cubic spirals. The generated path is made up of at most five segments: at most two maximal-curvature cubic spiral segments with zero curvature at both ends in connection with up to three straight line segments. A numerically efficient process is presented to generate a Cartesian shortest path among the family of paths considered for a given pair of start and destination configurations. Our approach is resorted to minimization via linear programming over the sum of length of each path segment of paths synthesized based on minimal locomotion cubic spirals linking start and destination orientations through a selected intermediate orientation. The potential intermediate configurations are not necessarily selected from the symmetric mean circle for non-parallel start and destination orientations. The novelty of the presented path generation method based on cubic spirals is: (i) Practical: the implementation is straightforward so that the generation of feasible paths in an environment free of obstacles is efficient in a few milliseconds; (ii) Flexible: it lends itself to various generalizations: readily applicable to mobile robots capable of forward and backward motion and Dubins’ car (i.e. car with only forward driving capability); well adapted to the incorporation of other constraints like wall-collision avoidance encountered in robot soccer games; straightforward extension to planning a path connecting an ordered sequence of target configurations in simple obstructed environment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
釜關連絡船 始末과 釜山府 日本人 人口變動

This paper investigates the history and situation of Busan-Shimonoseki cross-channel liner and analyses the relations between Busan-Shimonoseki...