LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Involvement in home meal preparation is associated with food preference and self-efficacy among Canadian children.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between frequency of assisting with home meal preparation and fruit and vegetable preference and self-efficacy for making healthier food choices among grade 5 children in Alberta, Canada.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional survey design was used. Children were asked how often they helped prepare food at home and rated their preference for twelve fruits and vegetables on a 3-point Likert-type scale. Self-efficacy was measured with six items on a 4-point Likert-type scale asking children their level of confidence in selecting and eating healthy foods at home and at school.


SETTING
Schools (n =151) located in Alberta, Canada.


SUBJECTS
Grade 5 students (n = 3398).


RESULTS
A large majority (83-93 %) of the study children reported helping in home meal preparation at least once monthly. Higher frequency of helping prepare and cook food at home was associated with higher fruit and vegetable preference and with higher self-efficacy for selecting and eating healthy foods.


CONCLUSIONS
Encouraging children to be more involved in home meal preparation could be an effective health promotion strategy. These findings suggest that the incorporation of activities teaching children how to prepare simple and healthy meals in health promotion programmes could potentially lead to improvement in dietary habits.
Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet

As the Internet grows in importance, concerns about online privacy have arisen. We describe the development and validation of three short Internet-administered scales measuring privacy related attitudes ('Privacy Concern') and behaviors ('General Caution' and 'Technical Protection'). Internet Privacy Scales 1 In Press: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology UNCORRECTED proofs. This is a preprint of an article accepted for publication in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology copyright 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Running Head: INTERNET PRIVACY SCALES Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the
JuMP: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Optimization

JuMP is an open-source modeling language that allows users to express a wide range of optimization problems (linear, mixed-integer, quadratic, conic-quadratic, semidefinite, and nonlinear) in a high-level, algebraic syntax. JuMP takes advantage of advanced features of the Julia programming language to offer unique functionality while achieving performance on par with commercial modeling tools for standard tasks. In this work we will provide benchmarks, present the novel aspects of the implementation, and discuss how JuMP can be extended to new problem classes and composed with state-of-the-art tools for visualization and interactivity.
A fast all nearest neighbor algorithm for applications involving large point-clouds

Algorithms that use point-cloud models make heavy use of the neighborhoods of the points. These neighborhoods are used to compute the surface normals for each point, mollification, and noise removal. All of these primitive operations require the seemingly repetitive process of finding the k nearest neighbors (kNNs) of each point. These algorithms are primarily designed to run in main memory. However, rapid advances in scanning technologies have made available point-cloud models that are too large to fit in the main memory of a computer. This calls for more efficient methods of computing the kNNs of a large collection of points many of which are already in close proximity. A fast kNN algorithm is presented that makes use of the locality of successive points whose k nearest neighbors are sought to reduce significantly the time needed to compute the neighborhood needed for the primitive operation as well as enable it to operate in an environment where the data is on disk. Results of experiments demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in the time to perform the algorithm and several orders of magnitude improvement in work efficiency when compared with several prominent existing methods. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of a standard CO2 pressure pneumoperitoneum insufflator versus AirSeal™: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
AirSeal is a novel class of valve-free insufflation system that enables a stable pneumoperitoneum with continuous smoke evacuation and carbon dioxide (CO₂) recirculation during laparoscopic surgery. Comparison data to standard CO₂ pressure pneumoperitoneum insufflators is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential advantages of AirSeal compared to a standard CO₂ insufflator.


METHODS/DESIGN
This is a single center randomized controlled trial comparing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, colorectal surgery and hernia repair with AirSeal (group A) versus a standard CO₂ pressure insufflator (group S). Patients are randomized using a web-based central randomization and registration system. Primary outcome measures will be operative time and level of postoperative shoulder pain by using the visual analog score (VAS). Secondary outcomes include the evaluation of immunological values through blood tests, anesthesiological parameters, surgical side effects and length of hospital stay. Taking into account an expected dropout rate of 5%, the total number of patients is 182 (n = 91 per group). All tests will be two-sided with a confidence level of 95% (P <0.05).


DISCUSSION
The duration of an operation is an important factor in reducing the patient's exposure to CO₂ pneumoperitoneum and its adverse consequences. This trial will help to evaluate if the announced advantages of AirSeal, such as clear sight of the operative site and an exceptionally stable working environment, will facilitate the course of selected procedures and influence operation time and patients clinical outcome.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01740011, registered 23 November 2012.
A Systematic Verification Approach for Mondex Electronic Purses Using ASMs

In [SGHR06] we have solved the challenge to mechanically verify the Mondex challenge about the specification and refinement of an electronic purse as defined in [SCJ00]. In this paper we show, that the verification can be made more systematic and better automated using ASM refinement instead of the original data refinement. This avoids to define a lot of properties of intermediate states during protocol runs. The systematic development of a generalized forward simulation also uncovered a weakness of the protocol, that could be exploited in a denial of service attack.
Performance of feature-selection methods in the classification of high-dimension data

Article history: Received 1 October 2007 Received in revised form 13 June 2008 Accepted 1 August 2008
Advances of soft computing methods in edge detection

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are now commonly used to solve complex and ill-defined problems. AI a broad field and will bring different meanings for different people. John McCarthy would probably use AI as “computational intelligence”, while Zadeh claimed that computational intelligence is actually Soft Computing (SC) techniques. Regardless of its definition, AI concerns with tasks that require human intelligence which require complex and advanced reasoning processes and knowledge. Due to its ability to learn, handle incomplete or incomprehensible data, deal with nonlinear problems, and perform reasonable tasks very fast, AI has been used in diverse applications in control, robotics, pattern recognition, forecasting, medicine, power systems, manufacturing, optimization, signal processing, and social sciences. However, in this paper, we will focus on Soft Computing (SC), one of the AI influences that sprang from the concept of cybernetics. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate how some of these SC techniques generally work on detecting the edges. The paper also outlines practical differences among these techniques when they are applied to solving the problem of edge detection.
Inverse correlation between CD8+ lymphocyte apoptosis and CD4+ cell counts during potent antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients.

OBJECTIVES
We have addressed the relationships between inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ cell apoptosis and CD4+ cell recovery in HIV patients undergoing potent antiretroviral therapy (PART) by correlating apoptosis levels with virological and immunological parameters detected over a long-term period in HIV patients undergoing therapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-two HIV-1-infected patients undergoing PART were enrolled in a long-term, open longitudinal study. Data derived from 17 patients with successful response to therapy (TS; median time of follow-up 36 months, range 24-36 months) were used for correlation studies. Apoptosis was evaluated after short-term culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry analysis of isolated nuclei or of annexin V/CD4, annexin V/CD8 double-stained cells.


RESULTS
Sustained, noticeable levels of apoptosis inhibition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured, in the long-term, in 16 of the 17 TS patients. Levels of total cell apoptosis correlated with levels of CD8+ apoptotic cells more significantly than with levels of CD4+ apoptotic cells. In addition, CD4+ cell counts were correlated inversely with levels of CD8+ apoptotic cells in a highly significant fashion, but not with levels of CD4+ apoptotic cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that the increase of CD4+ lymphocytes in HIV patients, as a consequence of successful response to PART, may be related to changes in apoptosis level occurring in the CD8+, and not in the CD4+, cell compartment.
Effect of Valerian in Preventing Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Efavirenz in HIV-Positive Patients: A Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND
Several neuropsychiatric adverse effects of efavirenz are known. Preventing these adverse effects may improve patients' adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of valerian in preventing neuropsychiatric adverse effects of efavirenz in HIV-positive patients.


METHOD
In this pilot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, 51 HIV-positive patients who were receiving efavirenz were recruited into the valerian (n = 25) or placebo (n = 26) group. Patients received valerian (530 mg) or placebo nightly 1 hour before sleep for 4 weeks. The neuropsychiatric status (sleep, anxiety, depression, suicidal thought, and psychosis) of patients was assessed at baseline and week 4 using validated questionnaires.


RESULTS
Sleep ( P ≤ 0.001) and anxiety ( P = 0.001) significantly improved in the valerian group compared with the placebo group. Dizziness was the most common complaint of patients in first days of the intervention. In the valerian and placebo groups, 92% and 84.6% of patients experienced dizziness, respectively ( P = 0.35). Nausea was the second common adverse effect that 84% and 76.9% of patients in the valerian and placebo groups experienced ( P = 0.39).


CONCLUSION
In the first 4 weeks of ART including efavirenz, valerian significantly improved sleep and anxiety in HIV-positive patients. Valerian may be considered as a potential option in preventing neuropsychiatric adverse effects of efavirenz in HIV-positive patients.
Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-stabilized patients.

UNLABELLED
This study examined the dose-related efficacy of disulfiram for treating cocaine dependence in methadone-stabilized cocaine dependent participants.


DESIGN
One hundred and sixty-one cocaine- and opioid-dependent volunteers were entered into a 14-week, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial at two sites.


METHODS
Participants were stabilized on methadone during weeks 1-2 and received disulfiram at 0, 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/day during weeks 3-14. All participants also received weekly cognitive behavioral therapy. Thrice-weekly urine samples and weekly self-reported drug use assessments were obtained.


RESULTS
Baseline subject characteristics, retention and drug use did not differ across groups. Outcome analyses were performed on those who participated beyond week 2. Opioid-positive urine samples and self-reported opioid use did not differ by treatment group. The prevalence of alcohol use was low prior to and during the trial and did not differ by treatment group. Cocaine-positive urines increased over time in the 62.5 and 125 mg disulfiram groups and decreased over time in the 250 mg disulfiram and placebo groups (p < 0.0001). Self-reported cocaine use increased in the 125 mg disulfiram group relative to the other three treatment groups (p = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
Disulfiram may be contraindicated for cocaine dependence at doses <250 mg/day. Whether disulfiram at higher doses is efficacious in reducing cocaine use in dually cocaine and opioid dependent individuals needs to be determined.
Exploring an effective tobacco prevention programme for Indian adolescents.

OBJECTIVES
Tobacco use is among the most significant public health issues faced by the world today. It is estimated that approximately 5500 adolescents start using tobacco every day in India, adding to the four million youths aged <15 years who are already regular users. School-based smoking prevention programmes have been shown to increase knowledge about the negative effects of tobacco and prevent tobacco use, but the majority of evidence on effectiveness comes from Western countries. This study investigated the impact of a school-based short-term educational intervention regarding tobacco use on adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, intentions and behaviours (KAIB) in Bangalore, India.


STUDY DESIGN
An intervention trial was conducted among 720 adolescents aged 15-16 years in Bangalore, India.


METHODS
Educational interventions were imparted to all study subjects in a phased manner, along with two interactive sessions held six months apart. The impact of the programme was measured using questionnaires administered before the first intervention (pre-intervention) and after the second intervention (post-intervention).


RESULTS
Mean (±standard deviation) pre-intervention KAIB scores of the subjects were 5.9 ± 1.87 (knowledge), 23.6 ± 3.15 (attitude) and 18.9 ± 3.27 (practice), which improved to 7.8 ± 2.01, 26.7 ± 2.43 and 12.3 ± 2.52, respectively, postintervention. The differences in mean KAIB scores were significant (P < 0.0001, df = 1400), suggesting that the intervention had a major positive impact.


CONCLUSION
School-based short-term educational intervention programmes are effective for preventing and reducing tobacco use among Indian adolescents.
Influence of work environment on emotional health in a health care setting.

BACKGROUND
Radical changes are taking place in health care services and might be expected to cause job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, somatic complaints and mental health problems. Research in this area is limited and focused primarily on nurses.


AIM
To understand the impact of the work environment on the emotional health of doctors and nurses in a general hospital setting.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires including the General Health Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Civilians, the Trauma Experiences and Work Environment Scale.


RESULTS
The response rates for the study were 28% (60) for doctors and 54% (431) for nurses. Whilst the prevalences of psychiatric disorder, anxiety, depression and PTSD were higher for doctors compared with nurses, this was not statistically significant. Both groups reported witnessing someone badly injured or killed as their most distressing experience (doctors 46% versus nurses 41%). Using multiple logistic regression, significant predictors of emotional health was task orientation for doctors (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.1-3.6), and PTSD (OR = 17.2, 95% CI = 6.0-49.6), work pressure (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.01-1.4) and innovation (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.70-0.94) for nurses.


CONCLUSION
The prevalence of psychiatric disorder among the doctors and nurses was similar to that in Britain. Elements of the work environment did impact on the emotional health of health care workers. Organizational development initiatives should include employee mental health issues in order to create a more positive work environment.
Effects of sibship size and composition on younger brothers' and sisters' alcohol use initiation: findings from an Australian twin sample.

BACKGROUND
The effects of sibship size and structure on delinquency are well established. Specifically, having a large family and many brothers has been shown to predict offending. However, despite strong links between delinquency and alcohol use, the contribution of sibship factors to drinking behaviors remains largely unexplored. The current study investigated the impact of sibship size and composition on younger brothers' and sisters' ages of drinking and intoxication onset.


METHODS
We employed a sample of 4,281 same-sex twins from the Australian Twin Register to examine whether (i) large sibship size facilitates earlier age at first drink (AFD) and age at first intoxication (AFI) in males and females, (ii) having many older brothers predicts earlier ages of AFD and AFI in males, and (iii) having many older brothers results in later AFD and AFI in females. We tested whether effects were moderated by parental divorce and alcohol misuse and mediated by familial religion.


RESULTS
Sibling effects were minimal before accounting for family context. However, when parental divorce and excessive parental drinking were included as moderators, sibling effects were significantly amplified among individuals from homes of divorce, and effects were strongest when siblings were close in age.


CONCLUSIONS
Strong close in age older sibling effects indicate that proximal sibling attitudes and behaviors about alcohol likely interact with structural factors to influence younger siblings' drinking. Sibship factors were much more influential in one population (individuals from homes of divorce) than another (respondents with a parental history of excessive drinking), suggesting that sibling effects vary depending on the type of co-occurring familial risk. Prevention efforts performed at the family level, and introduced before first use of alcohol, are likely to delay drinking initiation and help prevent future alcohol problems.
Staff's perceptions of a pressure mapping system to prevent pressure injuries in a hospital ward: A qualitative study.

AIM
To describe staff's perceptions of a continuous pressure mapping system to prevent pressure injury in a hospital ward.


BACKGROUND
Pressure injury development is still a problem in hospitals. It is important to understand how new information and communication technologies can facilitate pressure injury prevention.


METHOD
A descriptive design with qualitative focus group interviews was used.


RESULTS
Five categories were identified: "Need of information, training and coaching over a long period of time," "Pressure mapping - a useful tool in the prevention of pressure injury in high risk patients," "Easy to understand and use, but some practical issues were annoying," "New way of working and thinking," and "Future possibilities with the pressure mapping system."


CONCLUSION
The pressure mapping system was an eye-opener for the importance of pressure injury prevention. Staff appreciated the real-time feedback on pressure points, which alerted them to the time for repositioning, facilitated repositioning and provided feedback on the repositioning performed.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
A continuous pressure mapping system can be used as a catalyst, increasing staff's competence, focus and awareness of prevention. For successful implementation, the nurse managers should have a shared agenda with the clinical nurse leaders, supporting the sustaining and spread of the innovation.
AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL

Scholars in various disciplines have considered the causes, nature, and effects of trust. Prior approaches to studying trust are considered, Including characteristics of the tnistor, the trustee, and the role of risk. A definition of trust and a model of its antecedents and outcomes are presented, which integrate research from multiple disciplines and differentiate trust from similar constructs. Several research propositions based on the model are presented.
User acceptance of mobile Internet: Implication for convergence technologies

Using the Technology Acceptance Model as a conceptual framework and a method of structural equation modeling, this study analyzes the consumer attitude toward Wi-Bro drawing data from 515 consumers. Individuals’ responses to questions about whether they use/accept Wi-Bro were collected and combined with various factors modified from the Technology Acceptance Model. The result of this study show that users’ perceptions are significantly associated with their motivation to use Wi-Bro. Specifically, perceived quality and perceived availability are found to have significant effect on users’ extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. These new factors are found to be Wi-Bro-specific factors, playing as enhancing factors to attitudes and intention. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Myocardial enterovirus infection with left ventricular dysfunction: a benign disease compared with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES
Endomyocardial biopsy samples from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were screened for the presence of enterovirus genome. Patients with enterovirus-positive samples were further studied with regard to disease course, histologic variables and response to interferon-alpha treatment.


BACKGROUND
Studies of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have reported widely divergent clinical outcomes, suggesting that there is no unique underlying pathogenetic mechanism.


METHODS
Five left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy samples were screened for the presence of the enterovirus genome by an established in situ hybridization technique in combination with a histologic, histomorphometric and immunohistologic workup. The course of the disease was then prospectively followed for up to 50 months. Virus-positive patients whose condition deteriorated were treated with interferon-alpha.


RESULTS
Of 77 patients, 20 (26%) had enterovirus-positive and 57 (74%) enterovirus-negative biopsy samples. During a mean follow-up period of 25.8 +/- 13.7 months, 1 patient in the enterovirus-positive group and 11 in the enterovirus-negative group died. Four patients in the enterovirus-negative group underwent heart transplantation (p < 0.05). The surviving 19 enterovirus-positive patients had a decrease in mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from 66 to 61 mm (p < 0.05) and a mean increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 0.35 to 0.43 (p < 0.05). In contrast, enterovirus-negative patients had no significant change in end-diastolic diameter or left ventricular ejection fraction. Four patients in the enterovirus-positive group whose condition deteriorated were treated with a 6-month course of subcutaneous interferon-alpha (3 x 10(6) U every second day). This treatment induced hemodynamic improvement in all four patients and eliminated the persistent enteroviral infection in two.


CONCLUSIONS
Enterovirus-positive patients have a better heart transplantation-free survival rate and hemodynamic course, with fewer histologic changes, than do enterovirus-negative patients. In addition, enterovirus-positive patients respond favorably to interferon-alpha treatment. These observations indicate that myocardial enteroviral infection with associated left ventricular dysfunction is a distinct disease entity with a benign course.