LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of narrow-band imaging as a complementary method for the detection of bladder cancer.

PURPOSE
We evaluated the use of narrow-band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy for the detection of bladder cancer and analyzed its diagnostic efficacy in cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and in cases with known urine cytology results.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A prospective controlled study of NBI was conducted in 104 consecutive patients with definite or suspected bladder cancer. Transurethral targeted biopsies were performed after white light imaging (WLI) and NBI cystoscopy, and the histologic outcomes were compared.


RESULTS
A total of 313 biopsies were taken, including 161 from sites identified as potentially abnormal by NBI and/or WLI cystoscopy, and 152 from apparently normal sites. The percentage of malignancies in the sites identified only by NBI was 55.7% (39/70 places). In 26.9% of patients (28/104), bladder tumors were detected only by NBI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratio of a negative test (NLR) for the detection of bladder tumors using NBI in all patients were 92.7%, 70.9%, 63.4%, 94.7%, and 0.10, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and NLR for the detection of CIS using NBI were 89.7%, 74.5%, 78.8%, 87.2%, and 0.14, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and NLR for the detection of bladder tumors using NBI in patients with positive vs negative urine cytology were 85.4% vs 98.4%, 75.7% vs 66.3%, 61.2% vs 64.5%, 92.0% vs 98.5%, and 0.19 vs 0.02, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
NBI is a simple and effective method for identifying bladder tumors including CIS without the need for dyes because of its high sensitivity, high NPV, and low NLR.
Qualitative Analysis of Content by

If there were only one truth, you couldn't paint a hundred canvases on the same theme.
Influence of Fuzheng Huayu Tablet on mental state and social function of patients with post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE
To observe the influence of Fuzheng Huayu Tablet on mental state and social activity of patients with post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis (LC-HB).


METHODS
Adopting grouped randomized double-blinded control method, 180 LC-HB patients in 3 research centers were distributed to 2 groups, the treated group and the control group, 90 in each group. Patients in the treated group were administered with FZHYT; while those in the control group treated with conventional therapy combined with placebo, the course for all patients were 6 months. Their mental state and social activity were evaluated before treatment, after 3 months' treatment and at terminal of the 6-month therapeutic course by estimating with Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and social deficit screening scale (SDSS). Additionally, the basic demographic materials, liver function, cirrhosis index, hepatic and splenic images, blood coagulation function, etc. in the patients were tested and compared as well.


RESULTS
As compared with before treatment, the normal rate of SAS and SDS scores increased and the social deficit rate decreased in the treated group significantly after treatment, showing statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01); while in the control group, change was only shown in the social deficit (P<0.01), inter-group comparisons after treatment showed significant differences in all the three indexes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Additionally, after treatment, levels of liver function, cirrhosis, blood coagulation function and splenomegaly in the treated group were all improved significantly P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the improvements were better than those in the control group (P<0.01) in levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), type IV collagen (IV-C), prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity (PTA).


CONCLUSION
Most patients of LC-HB have mental disturbance and social activity deficit, which could definitely be improved by intervention with Chinese FZHYT.
Efficient multi-keyword search over p2p web

Current search mechanisms of DHT-based P2P systems can well handle a single keyword search problem. Other than single keyword search, multi-keyword search is quite popular and useful in many real applications. Simply using the solution for single keyword search will require distributed intersection/union operations in wide area networks, leading to unacceptable traffic cost. As it is well known that Bloom Filter (BF) is effective in reducing traffic, we would like to use BF encoding to handle multi-keyword search.
 Applying BF is not difficult, but how to get optimal results is not trivial. In this study we show, through mathematical proof, that the optimal setting of BF in terms of traffic cost is determined by the global statistical information of keywords, not the minimized false positive rate as claimed by previous methods. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate how to obtain optimal settings. We further argue that the intersection order between sets is important for multi-keyword search. Thus, we design optimal order strategies based on BF for both "and" and "or" queries. To better evaluate the performance of this design, we conduct extensive simulations on TREC WT10G test collection and the query log of a commercial search engine. Results show that our design significantly reduces the search traffic of existing approach by 73%.
An Adaptive Parameter Estimation for Guided Filter based Image Deconvolution

Image deconvolution is still to be a challenging illposed problem for recovering a clear image from a given blurry image, when the point spread function is known. Although competitive deconvolution methods are numerically impressive and approach theoretical limits, they are becoming more complex, making analysis, and implementation difficult. Furthermore, accurate estimation of the regularization parameter is not easy for successfully solving image deconvolution problems. In this paper, we develop an effective approach for image restoration based on one explicit image filter guided filter. By applying the decouple of denoising and deblurring techniques to the deconvolution model, we reduce the optimization complexity and achieve a simple but effective algorithm to automatically compute the parameter in each iteration, which is based on Morozov’s discrepancy principle. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms many state-of-the-art deconvolution methods in terms of both ISNR and visual quality. Keywords—Image deconvolution, guided filter, edge-preserving, adaptive parameter estimation.
Endoscopic correction of frontal bossing.

BACKGROUND
Frontal bossing is a displeasing prominence of the supraorbital area. Aesthetic correction has been described as an open surgical technique. This report introduces an endoscopic approach to correction.


METHODS
A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent endoscopic repair of frontal bossing from 2002 to 2009. Demographics, intraoperative and postoperative course, and outcome variables were collected. Standardized preoperative and postoperative photographs were used for analysis. Aesthetic improvement of the forehead was assessed with a four-point scale (1 = no improvement at all, 4 = significant improvement) by six randomly selected observers. Preoperative facial imaging (lateral skull radiography or computed tomography) was obtained on all patients to assess the thickness of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus.


RESULTS
Ten patients met the study inclusion criteria. Overall, the observers assessed the degree of frontal bossing correction as moderate improvement (2.67 on a four-point scale survey). All endoscopic frontal bossing corrections were performed on an outpatient basis by the senior author (B.G.). No patient was admitted to the hospital for postoperative complications. No complications (such as alopecia, hematoma, contour deformities, or penetration into the frontal sinus) were seen. The limiting factor in achieving optimal outcomes was inadequate thickness of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. All patients had various concurrent facial rejuvenation procedures.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic correction of frontal bossing is an effective and safe surgical technique in forehead aesthetics. This technique is ideal for patients with a mild frontal bossing deformity who have an adequately thick anterior frontal sinus wall.
Filter Configuration and PWM Method For Single-Phase Inverters With Reduced Conducted EMI Noise

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise is one of the major issues during design of grid-tied power converters. A novel LCL filter topology for a single-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier that makes use of bipolar PWM method is proposed for a single-phase to three-phase motor drive power converter. The proposed topology eliminates high dv/dt from the dc-bus common-mode (CM) voltage by making it sinusoidal. Hence, the high-frequency CM current injection to the ground and the motor-side CM current are minimized. The proposed filter configuration makes the system insensitive to circuit nonidealities such as mismatch in inductors values, unequal turn-on and turn-off delays, and dead-time mismatch between the inverter legs. Different variants of the filter topology are compared to establish the effectiveness of the proposed circuit. Experimental results based on the EMI measurement on the grid side and the CM current measurement on the motor side are presented for a 5-kW motor drive. It is shown that the proposed filter topology reduces the EMI noise level by about 35 dB.
The 12-lead ECG in peripartum cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND
The value of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to provide prognostic information in the deadly and disabling syndrome peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is unknown.


AIMS
To determine the prevalence of major and minor ECG abnormalities in PPCM patients at the time of diagnosis, and to establish whether there are ECG correlates of persistent left ventricular dysfunction and/or clinical stability at six months of follow up, where available.


METHODS
Twelve-lead ECGs were performed at the point of diagnosis on 78 consecutive women presenting with PPCM to two tertiary centres in South Africa and 44 cases (56%) at the six-month follow up. Blinded Minnesota coding identified major ECG abnormalities and minor ECG changes.


RESULTS
The cohort mainly comprised young women of black African ancestry (90%) [mean age 29 ± 7 years and median body mass index 24.3 (IQR: 22.7-27.5) kg/m(2)]. The majority of cases (n = 70; 90%) presented in sinus rhythm (mean heart rate 100 ± 21 beats/min). At baseline, at least one ECG Abnormality/variant was detected in 96% of cases. Major ECG abnormalities and minor changes were detected in 49% (95% CI: 37-60%) and 62% (95% CI: 51-74%) of cases, respectively; the most common being T-wave changes (59%), p-wave abnormality (29%) and QRS-axis deviation (25%). Of the 44 cases (56%) reviewed at six months, normalisation of the 12-lead ECG occurred in 25%; the most labile ECG features being heart rate (mean reduction of 27 beats/min; p < 0.001) and abnormal QRS axis (36 vs 14%; p = 0.014). On an adjusted basis, major T-wave abnormalities on the baseline 12-lead ECG were associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline (average of -9%, 95% CI: -1 to -16; p = 0.03) and at six months (-12%; 95% CI: -4 to -24; p = 0.006). Similarly, baseline ST-segment elevation was also associated with lower LVEF at six months (-25%; 95% CI: -0.7 to -50; p = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
In this unique study, we found that almost all women suffering from PPCM had an 'abnormal' 12-lead ECG. Pending more definitive studies, the ECG appears to be a useful adjunctive tool in both screening and prognostication in resource-poor settings.
Design and Implementation of Fuzzy PID controller for BLDC motor using FPGA

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high torque and low volume. This paper proposed a improved Fuzzy PID controller to control speed of Brushless DC motor. The proposed controller is called proportional-integral- derivative (PID) controller and Fuzzy proportional-integral- derivative controller. This paper provides an overview of performance conventional PID controller and Fuzzy PID controller. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal conventional PID controller. As the Fuzzy has the ability to satisfied control characteristics and it is easy for computing, In order to control the BLDC motor, a Fuzzy PID controller is designed as the controller of the BLDC motor. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have been done using the software package MATLAB/SIMULINK and implemented in Real time Xilinx FPGA XC3S 400E and also introduced to control a speed to be constant when the load varies The experimental results verify that a Fuzzy PID controller has better control performance than the conventional PID controller.
Differential alterations of the concentrations of endocannabinoids and related lipids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese diabetic patients

The endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-AG, are produced by adipocytes, where they stimulate lipogenesis via cannabinoid CB1 receptors and are under the negative control of leptin and insulin. Endocannabinoid levels are elevated in the blood of obese individuals and nonobese type 2 diabetes patients. To date, no study has evaluated endocannabinoid levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of subjects with both obesity and type 2 diabetes (OBT2D), characterised by similar adiposity and whole body insulin resistance and lower plasma leptin levels as compared to non-diabetic obese subjects (OB). The levels of anandamide and 2-AG, and of the anandamide-related PPARα ligands, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in the SAT obtained by abdominal needle biopsy in 10 OBT2D, 11 OB, and 8 non-diabetic normal-weight (NW) subjects, were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. As compared to NW, anandamide, OEA and PEA levels in the SAT were 2-4.4-fold elevated (p < 0.05), and 2-AG levels 2.3-fold reduced (p < .05), in OBT2D but not in OB subjects. Anandamide, OEA and PEA correlated positively (p < .05) with SAT leptin mRNA and free fatty acid during hyperinsulinaemic clamp, and negatively with SAT LPL activity and plasma HDL-cholesterol, which were all specifically altered in OBT2D subjects. The observed alterations emphasize, for the first time in humans, the potential different role and regulation of adipose tissue anandamide (and its congeners) and 2-AG in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Human motion and emotion parameterization

This paper describes the methods and data structures used for generating new human motions out of existing motion data. These existing animation data are derived from live motion capture or produced through the traditional animation tools. We present a survey of techniques for generating new animations by physical and emotional parameterizations. Discussed new animations are generated by Fourier transformations, transformations of velocity and amplitude and scattered data interpolation in this report.
Initial energy for external electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the initial energy level required for electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF).


METHODS
We studied patients undergoing electrical cardioversion in the 1st Multicenter Trial of SOCESP. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the initial energy level of electrical cardioversion: 100J and >/=150J. We compared the efficacy of the initial and final shock of the procedure, the number of shocks administered, and the cumulative energy levels.


RESULTS
Eight-six patients underwent electrical cardioversion. In 53 patients (62%), cardioversion was started with 100J, and in 33 patients (38%), cardioversion was started with >/=150J. Groups did not differ regarding clinical features and therapeutical interventions. A tendency existed towards greater efficacy of the initial shock in patients who received >/=150J (61% vs. 42% in the 100J group, p=0.08). The number of shocks was smaller in the >/=150J group (1.5+/-0.7 vs. 2.1+/-1.3, p=0.04). No difference existed regarding the final efficacy of electrical cardioversion and total cumulative energy levels in both groups. In the subgroup of patients with recent-onset AF (</=48h), the cumulative energy level was lower in the 100J group (240+/-227J vs. 324+/-225J, p=0.03).


CONCLUSION
Patients who were given initial energy of >/=150J received fewer counter shocks with a tendency toward greater success than those patients who were given 100J; however, in patients with recent-onset AF, the average cumulative energy level was lower in the 100J group. These data suggest that electrical cardioversion should be initiated with energy levels >/=150J in patients with chronic AF.
Evaluating teaching effectiveness in nursing education:An Iranian perspective

BACKGROUND
The main objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of Iranian nurse educators and students regarding the evaluation of teaching effectiveness in university-based programs.


METHODS
An exploratory descriptive design was employed. 143 nurse educators in nursing faculties from the three universities in Tehran, 40 undergraduate, and 30 graduate students from Tehran University composed the study sample. In addition, deans from the three nursing faculties were interviewed. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to determine the perceptions of both faculty and students about evaluating the teaching effectiveness of nurse educators, and an interview guide was employed to elicit the views of deans of faculties of nursing regarding evaluation policies and procedures. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistics to identify similarities and differences in perceptions within the Iranian nurse educator group and the student group, and between these two groups of respondents.


RESULTS
While faculty evaluation has always been a major part of university based nursing programs, faculty evaluation must be approached more analytically, objectively, and comprehensively to ensure that all nursing educators receive the fairest treatment possible and that the teaching-learning process is enhanced.


CONCLUSION
Educators and students stressed that systematic and continuous evaluation as well as staff development should be the primary goals for the faculty evaluation process. The ultimate goals is the improvement of teaching by nurse educators.
Magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite as an adsorbent for preconcentration and determination of lead (II) and manganese (II) in various matrices.

Magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for preconcentration and determination of lead (II) and manganese (II). The properties of MMWCNT were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). This adsorbent was found to be advantageous over conventional solid phase extraction (SPE) in terms of operational simplicity and low time-consuming. MMWCNT, carrying target metals, was easily separated from the aqueous solutions with the help of an external magnet; so, no filtration or centrifugation was necessary. After extraction and collection of MMWCNT, the adsorbed analytes were eluted and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different sorption/desorption parameters. Under the optimized conditions, detection limits and enhancement factors of the proposed method for Pb and Mn were 1.0 and 0.6 µg L(-1), 390 and 697 respectively. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of Pb(II) and Mn (II) contents in lipstick, rice samples and accuracy was evaluated analyzing a certified reference material Seronorm(™) Urine LOT NO2525.
Relationship between hyperuricemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult males in Taiwan

Hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. However, this relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a controversial one, especially among males. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between SUA concentrations and other CVD risk factors among adult males in Taiwan. After multi-stage sampling procedures, we randomly selected 1743 Taiwanese males with a mean age of 35 years (from 22 to 54) in this study. Anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical variables, including serum uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, were measured. Among the study population, the mean SUA concentration was 6.5 ± 1.5 mg/dl. There were 290 (16.6%) subjects with SUA concentrations ≥ 8.0 mg/dl (defined as hyperuricemia). Compared to normouricemic subjects, hyperuricemic subjects had significantly greater age-adjusted body weight (75.3 vs. 69.2 kg, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, 25.5 vs. 23.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001), higher blood pressure (BP, 120.2 vs. 115.2 mmHg for systolic BP and 78.5 vs. 75.3 mmHg for diastolic BP, both p < 0.001) and blood lipid concentrations (193.8 vs. 182.1 mg/dl for total cholesterol and 123.7 vs. 94.4 mg/dl for triglycerides, both p < 0.001). SUA concentration was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, BP and serum lipid concentrations (all p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analyses, after adjusting for potential confounders, SUA concentration was significantly positively associated with diastolic BP, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. An increase of 1 mg/dl of SUA was associated with a 2.1 mg/dl elevation in serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and a 5.4 mg/dl increase in triglyceride (p < 0.001). From this study, we found that hyperuricemia in subjects is associated with being overweight, and having high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. There is a significantly positive association between SUA concentration and other CVD risk factors among adult males in Taiwan.
Evaluation of a method of assessing faecal loading on plain abdominal radiographs in children

Background. Childhood constipation is common and assessment is often difficult. Plain abdominal radiography is simple and commonly used to assess constipation. The role of radiography with the use of a simple scoring system has not been fully evaluated. Objective. To assess the reliability of scoring faecal loading on plain abdominal radiographs in children with intractable constipation. Materials and methods. Plain abdominal radiographs from 33 constipated and 67 control children were independently assessed by three observers on two separate occasions. A scoring system was devised with scores from 0 (no stool) to 5 (gross faecal loading with bowel dilatation) in three areas of the colon, giving a total score of 0–15. Results. There were significant differences between the scores of the constipated and control radiographs for each observer (P = 0.05). There was no intra-observer variation (P = 0.12–0.69), but significant inter-observer variation was demonstrated (P = 0.00). Conclusions. We have found this scoring system to be a clinically useful and a reproducible tool in assessing childhood constipation. Assessment of faecal loading is subjective and varies between observers, although one observer will consistently score faecal loading on the same radiograph on successive occasions. To limit exposure to ionising radiation, we recommend that radiography be reserved for the investigation of intractable constipation, and its accuracy is improved if all radiographs are scored by the same observer.