LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A note on the generation of periodic granular microstructures based on grain size distributions

This short communication discusses an algorithm suited for the generation of periodic microstructures of granular media. Its particular features are a user-defined grain size distribution, a representative volume element which is intrinsically periodic ab initio and a user-defined termination criterion, controlled by an increase of volume fraction. For low densities our particle packings resemble fluids or gases, while we aim to reach for rather dense particle packings, similar to granular solids. The generated microstructures can thus be readily incorporated into large multiscale simulations, e.g. on the integration point level of a finite element analysis of a particular sand or concrete. The individual grain size distribution of the granular medium is incorporated through the introduction of different growth rates governing the final particle size distribution. We briefly sketch the generation of the representative volume element within a serial event-driven scheme and demonstrate how periodic boundary conditions are ensured throughout the representative volume element generation process. The potential of the suggested algorithm will be illustrated through the generation of two different periodic multi-disperse microstructures. They are based on different given grain size distributions, one for a quartz sand with a low non-uniformity index and one for concrete aggregates classified as A32 by the German standard norm DIN 1045 to have a rather large variation in grain size. Copyright q 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radar remote monitoring of vital signs

Medical technology has improved remarkably over the past few generations, becoming more sophisticated and less invasive as the years progress. Now, with microwave Doppler radar phase modulation, noncontact respiration and heartbeat monitoring offers an attractive alternative to commonly prescribed chest-strap monitors. Doppler radar uses double-sideband transmission for vital sign detection from four sides of a human body. An unmodulated radio-frequency signal is transmitted toward the human body, where it is phase-modulated by the periodic physiological movement and reflected back to the receiver. The radar receiver captures the reflected signal and demodulates it to extract the vital sign signal components.
Gender differences in kindergarteners ’ robotics and programming achievement

Early childhood is a critical period for introducing girls to traditionally masculine fields of science and technology before more extreme gender stereotypes surface in later years. This study looks at the TangibleK Robotics Program in order to determine whether kindergarten boys and girls were equally successful in a series of building and programming tasks. The TangibleK Program consisted of a six lesson robotics and programming curriculum that was implemented in three different kindergarten classrooms (N = 53 students). Although previous research has found that males outperform females in robotics and programming related fields, it was hypothesized that the young age of participants and their limited cultural indoctrination regarding gender stereotypes would allow boys and girls to have equal success in this program. Although boys had a higher mean score than girls on more than half of the tasks, very few of these differences were statistically significant. Boys scored significantly higher than girls only in two areas: properly attaching robotic materials, and programming using Ifs. Overall, both boys and girls were able to successfully complete the program.
Relationship between progression of brain white matter changes and late-life depression: 3-year results from the LADIS study.

BACKGROUND
Brain white matter changes (WMC) and depressive symptoms are linked, but the directionality of this association remains unclear.


AIMS
To investigate the relationship between baseline and incident depression and progression of white matter changes.


METHOD
In a longitudinal multicentre pan-European study (Leukoaraiosis and Disability in the elderly, LADIS), participants aged over 64 underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical assessments. Repeat scans were obtained at 3 years. Depressive outcomes were assessed in terms of depressive episodes and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Progression of WMC was measured using the modified Rotterdam Progression scale.


RESULTS
Progression of WMC was significantly associated with incident depression during year 3 of the study (P = 0.002) and remained significant after controlling for transition to disability, baseline WMC and baseline history of depression. There was no significant association between progression of WMC and GDS score, and no significant relationship between progression of WMC and history of depression at baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the vascular depression hypothesis and implicate WMC as causal in the pathogenesis of late-life depression.
Robust Digital Watermarking Scheme using Contourlet Transform

A novel oblivious and highly robust watermarking scheme using Multiple Descriptions (MD) and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) of the host image is presented in this paper. The watermark is embedded in the Discrete Contourlet Transform domain (CT). Discrete Countourlet Transform (CT) is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Watermark embedding is done at two stages for achieving robustness to various attacks. This algorithm is highly robust for different attacks on the watermarked image and superior in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross correlation (NC). here the part of summary.
REST Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks for Seamless Integration with Web Applications

The use of Internet Protocol (IP) technology in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a key prerequisite for the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT) vision. The IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) standard enables the use of IPv6 in networks of constrained devices. 6LowPAN enables the use of Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) in WSN. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), a web transfer protocol which provides several Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) functionalities, re-designed for constrained embedded devices. CoAP allows WSN applications to be built on top of Representational State Transfer (REST) architectures. This considerably eases the IoT application development and facilitates the integration of constrained devices with the Web. This work describes the prototype design and development of a Web platform which integrates a REST/CoAP WSN with a REST/HTTP Web application and allows a user to visualize WSN measurements in the Web browser. Since the WSN Web integration relies on a non-transparent gateway/server, we also show how to provide transparent cross-protocol resource access by means of an HTTP-CoAP proxy. The paper describes the major building blocks, functionalities and the implementation approach.
Population-Based Study on the Prevalence and Correlates of Orthostatic Hypotension/Hypertension and Orthostatic Dizziness

There are no epidemiological studies of orthostatic hypotension (OH)/hypertension (OHT) and orthostatic dizziness (OD) in adults across all age groups. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of OH, OHT, and OD in community dwellers aged ≥20 years. OH was defined as a decline in systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥20/10 mmHg when a person stood up from a supine position. OHT was a postural increase of ≥20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure. OD was dizziness, lightheadedness, or faintness as the person stood up. A total of 1,638 adults were included. Subjects were classified as normotensive, pre-hypertensive, or hypertensive. The prevalences of OH, OHT, and OD were 15.9, 1.1, and 4.8%, respectively. OD was associated with neither OH nor OHT. None of the subjects aged <40 had OHT; hypertension (p=0.030) and female gender (p<0.001) were the independent correlates of OH and OD, respectively, in that age range. For subjects aged ≥40 years, age (p=0.003), pre-hypertension (p=0.024), hypertension (p=0.008), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.036) were independently related to OH. Age (p<0.001) and supine systolic blood pressure (p=0.023) were the correlates of OHT. Female gender (p<0.001) and sedatives/hypnotics (p=0.040) were associated with OD. In conclusion, age, pre-hypertension, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were important determinants of OH. OD was more prevalent in women and in subjects using sedatives/hypnotics. The risk of OHT increased with age and with supine systolic blood pressure in adults aged ≥40 years. OH and OHT cannot be determined solely from the presence of OD because of their dissociation.
A randomized trial of a dedicated bifurcation stent versus provisional stenting in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions.

BACKGROUND
Bifurcation lesions are frequent among patients with symptomatic coronary disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Current evidence recommends a conservative (provisional) approach when treating the side branch (SB).


OBJECTIVES
The TRYTON (Prospective, Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety & Effectiveness of the Tryton Side Branch Stent Used With DES in Treatment of de Novo Bifurcation Lesions in the Main Branch & Side Branch in Native Coronaries) bifurcation trial sought to compare treatment of de novo true bifurcation lesions using a dedicated bifurcation stent or SB balloon angioplasty.


METHODS
We randomly assigned patients with true bifurcation lesions to a main vessel stent plus provisional stenting or the bifurcation stent. The primary endpoint (powered for noninferiority) was target vessel failure (TVF) (cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization). The secondary angiographic endpoint (powered for superiority) was in-segment percent diameter stenosis of the SB at 9 months.


RESULTS
We randomized 704 patients with bifurcation coronary lesions at 58 centers (30 from Europe and 28 from the United States). At 9 months, TVF was 17.4% in the bifurcation stent group compared with 12.8% in the provisional group (p=0.11), mainly because of a higher periprocedural myocardial infarction rate (13.6% vs. 10.1%, p=0.19). The TVF difference of +4.6% (2-sided 95% confidence interval: -1.0 to 10.3; upper limit of the 1-sided 95% confidence interval: 10.3) was not within the pre-specified noninferiority margin of 5.5% (p=0.42 for noninferiority). The SB in-segment diameter stenosis among the angiographic cohort was lower in the bifurcation stent group compared with the provisional group (31.6% vs. 38.6%, p=0.002 for superiority), with no difference in binary restenosis rates (diameter stenosis≥50%) at 9 months follow-up (22.6% vs. 26.8%, p=0.44).


CONCLUSIONS
Provisional stenting should remain the preferred strategy for treatment of non-left main true coronary bifurcation lesions. (Prospective, Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety & Effectiveness of the Tryton Side Branch Stent Used With DES in Treatment of de Novo Bifurcation Lesions in the Main Branch & Side Branch in Native Coronaries [TRYTON]; NCT01258972).
Efficacy and safety of alternate day therapy with atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination in mixed dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION
The long half-life of atorvastatin and fenofibrate makes them suitable for alternate day therapy. Hence, we aimed to study the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of alternate day therapy with atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination in mixed dyslipidemia.


METHODS
Eligible patients with mixed dyslipidemia were randomly allotted into 2 equal parallel groups-alternate day therapy group (group 1) and daily therapy group (group 2). Patients in groups 1 and 2 received fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg and fenofibrate 160 mg on alternate days and daily, respectively, for 12 weeks. Mean percentage change from baseline in triglycerides (TGLs), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and TC-HDL ratio, incidence of adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness were compared in both the groups.


RESULTS
Among 110 patients randomized, 99 completed the study till 12 weeks treatment duration. The TGLs, non-HDL-C, TC, and LDL-C decreased by 56.4%, 49.7%, 36.5%, and 39.2%, respectively, in alternate day therapy group and by 57.5%, 51.2%, 37.5%, and 39.4%, respectively, in daily therapy group. The HDL-C levels increased by 20.1% in alternate day therapy group compared to 21.8% in daily therapy group. No statistically significant difference was seen between both the groups in mean percentage change in lipid parameters from baseline to end of 12 weeks. Incidence of adverse events was reasonably less in alternate day therapy group.


CONCLUSION
Alternate day therapy with atorvastatin-fenofibrate combination is an effective and safe alternative to daily therapy in mixed dyslipidemia. Apart from significant cost savings, reasonable reduction in the incidence of adverse events is seen with alternate day regimen. However, larger studies are needed to more reliably confirm our interesting but preliminary results.
The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness: New Directions

The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness was established in 1992. Since its relocation to Manchester in 1996 the Inquiry has collected information on 11673 people who were in contact with mental health services in the year before their suicide and 743 perpetrators of homicide who were in contact with mental health services before their offence. In 2003, the Sudden Unexplained Death in Psychiatric In-Patients’ Study, which has collected data on patients dying on mental health wards since 1999, was incorporated into the core work programme of the Inquiry. The Inquiry has published several reports (Appleby et al, 1999, 2001) and papers (see the National Confidential Inquiry website at http://www.medicine. manchester.ac.uk/suicideprevention/nci/). Key findings are outlined in Box 1. Recommendations made have been incorporated into policy planning and service development, including the National Service Framework for Mental Health (Department of Health, 1999a), An Organisation with a Memory (Department of Health, 2000a), The NHS Plan (Department of Health, 2000b) and the National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England (Department of Health, 2002). The Inquiry collects data throughout the UK on all people with a history of contact with mental health services who die by suicide or commit homicide. The questionnaires issued by the Inquiry are regularly reviewed and modified in response to feedback from mental health teams. Questionnaires are comprehensive, collecting data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical history, aspects of clinical care, details of final service contact, details of the suicide or homicide itself and the respondent’s views on risk reduction and prevention.
Comment on: ‘Vitamin D supplements and cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis'

Results: Over 2–7 years of duration, vitamin D supplementations had little effect on total cancer incidence (400–1100 IU per day, summary relative risk (RR)1⁄4 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI)1⁄4 0.94–1.06, I1⁄4 0%; four RCTs with combined 4333 cases), but significantly reduced total cancer mortality (400–833 IU per day, summary RR1⁄4 0.88, 95% CI1⁄4 0.78–0.98, I1⁄4 0%, three RCTs with combined 1190 deaths).
Quantifying mediating effects of endogenous estrogen and insulin in the relation between obesity, alcohol consumption, and breast cancer.

BACKGROUND
Increased exposure to endogenous estrogen and/or insulin may partly explain the relationship of obesity, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer. However, these potential mediating effects have not been formally quantified in a survival analysis setting.


METHODS
We combined data from two case-cohort studies based in the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study with serum estradiol levels, one of which also had insulin levels. A total of 1,601 women (601 cases) aged 50 to 79 years who were not using hormone therapy at enrollment were included. Mediating effects were estimated by applying a new method based on the additive hazard model.


RESULTS
A five-unit increase in body mass index (BMI) was associated with 50.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 23.2-76.6] extra cases per 100,000 women at-risk per year. Of these, 23.8% (95% CI, 2.9-68.4) could be attributed to estradiol and 65.8% (95% CI, 13.6-273.3) through insulin pathways. The mediating effect of estradiol was greater (48.8%; 95% CI, 18.8-161.1) for BMI when restricted to estrogen receptor positive (ER(+)) cases. Consuming 7+ drinks/wk compared with abstinence was associated with 164.9 (95% CI, 45.8-284.9) breast cancer cases per 100,000, but no significant contribution from estradiol was found. The effect of alcohol on breast cancer was restricted to ER(+) breast cancers.


CONCLUSIONS
The relation of BMI with breast cancer was partly mediated through estradiol and, to a greater extent, through insulin.


IMPACT
The findings provide support for evaluation of interventions to lower insulin and estrogen levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women to reduce breast cancer risk.
Algorithms for high-level synthesis

Synthesis algorithms that offer a technique for scheduling operations and allocating registers and buses in light of both timing constraints and available hardware resources are presented. They enhance current scheduling techniques by using a global priority function that minimizes storage, interconnections, and functional unit cost. Algorithms for allocating registers and buses minimize storage and interconnection costs and take into account the interdependence of both tasks. The algorithms are also applicable to more than one method of synthesis; although first implemented in the HAL system, they have since been integrated into more specialized high-level synthesis systems.<<ETX>>
SECMACE: Scalable and Robust Identity and Credential Management Infrastructure in Vehicular Communication Systems

Several years of academic and industrial research efforts have converged to a common understanding on fundamental security building blocks for the upcoming vehicular communication (VC) systems. There is a growing consensus toward deploying a special-purpose identity and credential management infrastructure, i.e., a vehicular public-key infrastructure (VPKI), enabling pseudonymous authentication, with standardization efforts toward that direction. In spite of the progress made by standardization bodies (IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI) and harmonization efforts [Car2Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC)], significant questions remain unanswered toward deploying a VPKI. Deep understanding of the VPKI, a central building block of secure and privacy-preserving VC systems, is still lacking. This paper contributes to the closing of this gap. We present SECMACE, a VPKI system, which is compatible with the IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI standards specifications. We provide a detailed description of our state-of-the-art VPKI that improves upon existing proposals in terms of security and privacy protection, and efficiency. SECMACE facilitates multi-domain operations in the VC systems and enhances user privacy, notably preventing linking pseudonyms based on timing information and offering increased protection even against honest-but-curious VPKI entities. We propose multiple policies for the vehicle–VPKI interactions and two large-scale mobility trace data sets, based on which we evaluate the full-blown implementation of SECMACE. With very little attention on the VPKI performance thus far, our results reveal that modest computing resources can support a large area of vehicles with very few delays and the most promising policy in terms of privacy protection can be supported with moderate overhead.
Surgical anatomy of the face: implications for modern face-lift techniques.

OBJECTIVE
To delineate the anatomic architecture of the melolabial fold with surrounding structures and to elucidate potential implications for face-lift techniques.


METHODS
A total of 100 facial halves (from 50 cadaveric heads) were studied, including gross and microscopic dissection and histologic findings. Laboratory findings were correlated with intraoperative findings in more than 150 deep-plane face-lift dissections (300 facial halves) performed during the study period.


RESULTS
In contrast to previous reports, the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) was not found to form an investing layer in the midface. The SMAS, zygomatici muscles, and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi were found to be located in corresponding anatomic layers and to form a functional unit. Additional findings of the present study include the description of 3 structurally different portions of the melolabial fold, of an anatomic space below the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (sublevator space), and of extensions of the buccal fat pad into the sublevator space and the middle third of the melolabial fold.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the present study may contribute to augment our understanding of the complex anatomy of the midface and melolabial fold. Potential implications for modern face-lift techniques are discussed.
The influence of temperature on the passivation behaviour of a super duplex stainless steel in a boric-borate buffer solution

Abstract The passivation behaviour of a super duplex stainless steel has been investigated in a boric-borate buffer solution with and without chloride additions, at different temperatures, by means of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to detect surface compositional changes of anodic passive films formed as a function of electrode potential and temperature. The resulting passive films were all chromium enriched with respect to the bulk composition, and their thickness and Cr ox Fe ox + Cr ox ratio were found to vary significantly. In particular, the films formed in the passive domain were more enriched with chromium compared with those grown in the secondary passive region. At a constant potential the temperature increase produced a reduction in the chromium content of the film. These findings can be explained by the different ionic mobilities and dissolution rates at the film/solution and film/alloy interfaces. Pitting corrosion was observed only in the transpassive zone. A temperature increase from 23 to 60 °C did not produce a decrease in the pitting potential. This behaviour can be explained by the parallel action of two different phenomena, the change in the composition and structure of the passive film and the velocity increase in the process, which yield localized rupture of the passivity by the nucleation and growth of pits in connection with chromium depletion at high potentials.