LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Raman spectra of graphite as indicators of degree of metamorphism

This study demonstrates the usefulness of Raman microspectroscopy in an evaluation of the crystallinity of graphite in natural samples. The sensitivity obtained is at least as good as that for X-ray diffractometry. Laser Raman microprobe analyses of graphite separates, mostly from suites of regionally metamorphosed carbon-bearing pelites (Grew 1974), show that l) the spectra oferaphite accurately reflect the degree of crystallinity in terms of the (001) inplane crystallite size, 2) the same spectral features and changes with crystallinity occur in the spectra of natural graphite as in those of synthetic samples, 3) the Raman spectrum is a sensitive monitor of changes in graphite crystallinity, reflecting conditions from greenschistto granulitefacies metamorphism, 4) significant changes in the Raman spectral profile coincide with transitions in the metapelites that delineate the chlorite, biotite + garnet, staurolite -r. kyanite + andalusite, and sillimanite zones, and 5) the graphite stmcture apparently records only the peak metamorphic temperatures and does not recrystallize under retrograde conditions.
Relationship between foot function and medial knee joint loading in people with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND
Dynamic joint loading, particularly the external knee adduction moment (KAM), is an important surrogate measure for the medio-lateral distribution of force across the knee joint in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Foot motion may alter the load on the medial tibiofemoral joint and hence affect the KAM. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between tibia, rearfoot and forefoot motion in the frontal and transverse planes and the KAM in people with medial compartment knee OA.


METHOD
Motion of the knee, tibia, rearfoot and forefoot and knee moments were evaluated in 32 patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed OA, predominantly in the medial compartment. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the association between peak values of tibia, rearfoot and forefoot motion in the frontal and transverse planes and 1st peak KAM, 2nd peak KAM, and the knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI).


RESULTS
Lateral tilt of the tibia was significantly associated with increased 1st peak KAM (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), 2nd peak KAM (r = 0.67, p = 0.001) and KAAI (r = 0.82, p = 0.001). Increased peak rearfoot eversion was significantly correlated with decreased 2nd peak KAM (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and KAAI (r = 0.50, p = 0.004). Decreased rearfoot internal rotation was significantly associated with increased 2nd peak KAM (r = -0.44, p = 0.01) and KAAI (r = -0.38, p = 0.02), while decreased rearfoot internal rotation relative to the tibia was significantly associated with increased 2nd peak KAM (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). Significant negative correlations were found between peak forefoot eversion relative to the rearfoot and 2nd peak KAM (r = -0.53, p = 0.002) and KAAI (r = -0.51, p = 0.003) and between peak forefoot inversion and 2nd peak KAM (r = -0.54, p = 0.001) and KAAI (r = -0.48, p = 0.005).


CONCLUSION
Increased rearfoot eversion, rearfoot internal rotation and forefoot inversion are associated with reduced knee adduction moments during the stance phase of gait, suggesting that medial knee joint loading is reduced in people with OA who walk with greater foot pronation. These findings have implications for the design of load-modifying interventions in people with knee OA.
Morphology dependent field emission characteristics of ZnS/silicon nanoporous pillar array

Abstract Through depositing zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticals on silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) and crater-shaped silicon nanoporous pillar array (c-Si-NPA) by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, ZnS/Si-NPA and c-ZnS/Si-NPA were prepared and the field emission (FE) properties of them were investigated. The turn-on electric fields of were 3.8 V/mm for ZnS/Si-NPA and 5.0 V/mm for c-ZnS/Si-NPA, respectively. The lower turn-on electric fields of ZnS/Si-NPA than that of c-ZnS/Si-NPA were attributed to the different electric distribution of the field emitters causing by the different surface morphology of the two samples, which was further demonstrated via the simulated results by finite element modeling. The FN curves for the ZnS/Si-NPA showed two-slope behavior. All the results indicate that the morphology play an important role in the FE properties and designing an appropriate top morphology for the emitter is a very efficient way to improve the FE performance.
Identity Management and Mental Health Discourse in Social Media

Social media is increasingly being adopted in health discourse. We examine the role played by identity in supporting discourse on socially stigmatized conditions. Specifically, we focus on mental health communities on reddit. We investigate the characteristics of mental health discourse manifested through reddit's characteristic 'throwaway' accounts, which are used as proxies of anonymity. For the purpose, we propose affective, cognitive, social, and linguistic style measures, drawing from literature in psychology. We observe that mental health discourse from throwaways is considerably disinhibiting and exhibits increased negativity, cognitive bias and self-attentional focus, and lowered self-esteem. Throwaways also seem to be six times more prevalent as an identity choice on mental health forums, compared to other reddit communities. We discuss the implications of our work in guiding mental health interventions, and in the design of online communities that can better cater to the needs of vulnerable populations. We conclude with thoughts on the role of identity manifestation on social media in behavioral therapy.
Vertical augmentation with interpositional blocks of anorganic bovine bone vs. 7-mm-long implants in posterior mandibles: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether 7-mm-long implants could be an alternative to longer implants placed in vertically augmented posterior mandibles.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty patients with posterior mandibular edentulism with 7-8 mm bone height above the mandibular canal were randomized to either vertical augmentation with anorganic bovine bone blocks and delayed 5-month placement of ≥10 mm implants or to receive 7-mm-long implants. Four months after implant placement, provisional prostheses were delivered, replaced after 4 months, by definitive prostheses. The outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures, any complications and peri-implant marginal bone levels. All patients were followed to 1 year after loading.


RESULTS
One patient dropped out from the short implant group. In two augmented mandibles, there was not sufficient bone to place 10-mm-long implants possibly because the blocks had broken apart during insertion. One prosthesis could not be placed when planned in the 7 mm group vs. three prostheses in the augmented group, because of early failure of one implant in each patient. Four complications (wound dehiscence) occurred during graft healing in the augmented group vs. none in the 7 mm group. No complications occurred after implant placement. These differences were not statistically significant. One year after loading, patients of both groups lost an average of 1 mm of peri-implant bone. There no statistically significant differences in bone loss between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
When residual bone height over the mandibular canal is between 7 and 8 mm, 7 mm short implants might be a preferable choice than vertical augmentation, reducing the chair time, expenses and morbidity. These 1-year preliminary results need to be confirmed by follow-up of at least 5 years.
Quantitative analysis of bowel gas using plain abdominal radiograph in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

OBJECTIVE:Ideally, the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) would be achieved using a minimal number of procedures. It is presumed that bowel gas is related to IBS, and it is easily visualized by plain abdominal radiograph. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between IBS and the quantity of bowel gas, the measured bowel gas volume using plain abdominal radiographs was compared with the pathology of IBS.METHODS:Plain abdominal radiographs were digitized and transmitted to a computer (computed radiography) in 30 IBS patients and 30 normal controls. The quantity of bowel gas, determined as the pixel value on images and standardized by physique, was defined as the gas volume score (GVS). Using the mean ± 2SD of GVS in the control group as the normal score, IBS patients were divided into three groups: high, normal, and low. To examine the sequential reproducibility of a similar quantity of bowel gas, a second plain abdominal radiography was performed about 2 months later, and the GVS were compared. The colonic transit time was determined using radiopaque markers.RESULTS:There was a strong correlation between the quantities of bowel gas measured by two independent gastroenterologists. The mean GVS of IBS patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). The sequential reproducibility was recognized in all 10 IBS patients. There was no significance between colonic transit time and GVS, nor between symptoms and GVS.CONCLUSIONS:Abdominal gas was analyzed objectively by using GVS, and GVS was considered to represent a useful tool for the diagnosis of IBS.
Bursty event detection from microblog: a distributed and incremental approach

As a new form of social media, microblogs (e.g., Twitter and Weibo) are playing an important role in people’s daily life. With the rise in popularity and size of microblogs, there is a need for distributed approaches that can detect bursty event with low latency from the short-text data stream. In this paper, we propose a distributed and incremental temporal topic model for microblogs called Bursty Event dEtection (BEE+). BEE+ is able to detect bursty events from short-text dataset and model the temporal information. And BEE+ processes the post-stream incrementally to track the topic drifting of events over time. Therefore, the latent semantic indices are preserved from one time period to the next. In order to achieve real-time processing, we design a distributed execution framework based on Spark engine. To verify its ability to detect bursty event, we conduct experiments on a Weibo dataset of 6,360,125 posts. The results show that BEE+ can outperform the baselines for detecting the meaningful bursty events and track the topic drifting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collagen VI regulates satellite cell self-renewal and muscle regeneration

Adult muscle stem cells, or satellite cells have essential roles in homeostasis and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Satellite cells are located within a niche that includes myofibers and extracellular matrix. The function of specific extracellular matrix molecules in regulating SCs is poorly understood. Here, we show that the extracellular matrix protein collagen VI is a key component of the satellite cell niche. Lack of collagen VI in Col6a1(-/-) mice causes impaired muscle regeneration and reduced satellite cell self-renewal capability after injury. Collagen VI null muscles display significant decrease of stiffness, which is able to compromise the in vitro and in vivo activity of wild-type satellite cells. When collagen VI is reinstated in vivo by grafting wild-type fibroblasts, the biomechanical properties of Col6a1(-/-) muscles are ameliorated and satellite cell defects rescued. Our findings establish a critical role for an extracellular matrix molecule in satellite cell self-renewal and open new venues for therapies of collagen VI-related muscle diseases.
Psychotherapeutic intervention and suicide risk reduction in bipolar disorder: a review of the evidence.

BACKGROUND
25-50% of bipolar patients attempt suicide at least once in their lifetime and completed suicide in this population is about 1% annually, about 60 times the rate of the general population. Psychotherapy may be an effective adjunctive option in preventing suicide in bipolar patients. It has been suggested that interpersonal, cognitive and behavioural techniques may be effective in controlling mood shifts, increasing compliance with pharmacotherapy, and maintaining morale in the face of therapeutic adversity and incomplete response. The aim of our study was to systematically review the literature concerning the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in reducing the risk for attempting or committing suicide.


METHODS
We searched MEDLINE with the combination of the key words 'psychotherapy' or 'psychoeducation' or 'cognitive therapy' or 'behavio(u)ral therapy', 'cognitive-behavio(u)ral' or 'family therapy' or 'social rhythm' or 'rhythm' with 'suicide' and 'bipolar', limited to English language papers published between 1990 and January 2008. Papers were selected based on the criterium that they provided definite data on the role of psychotherapy in suicide prevention, and specifically in bipolar disorder.


RESULTS
Our search returned 481 references, of which 17 were selected based on the above criteria. The selected papers were classified according to the area of suicide prevention they were dealing with as 1. Psychosocial and demographic factors, 2. Psychological profile and 3. Efficacy of psychotherapies.


DISCUSSION
Our paper summarizes specific features and correlates of suicide in bipolar patients and possible targets of psychosocial intervention in the prevention of suicide in bipolar patients. Although studies researching the effect of psychosocial interventions on suicidal behaviour are virtually non-existent, hard data concerning the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in bipolar disorder are emerging, but still suffer from methodological drawbacks.
Metaphor in Idiom Comprehension

Psycholinguistic research has shown that people’s tacit knowledge of conceptual metaphors, such as ANGER IS HEATED FLUID IN A CONTAINER, partly motivates how they make sense of idiomatic phrases like blow your stack and flip your lid. But do people quickly access conceptual metaphors each time an idiom is encountered in discourse? The present studies used a priming method to examine the role of conceptual metaphors in immediate idiom comprehension. Experiment 1 showed that people access conceptual metaphors when understanding idioms, but significantly less so when processing literal paraphrases of idioms. Experiment 2 demonstrated that people access the appropriate conceptual metaphors, such as ANGER IS HEAT, when processing some idioms, such as blow your stack, but not when they read idioms, such as jump down your throat, which have similar figurative meanings that are motivated by different conceptual metaphors (e.g., ANGER IS ANIMAL BEHAVIOR). The findings from these studies provide important evidence on the constraining role that common patterns of metaphoric thought have in figurative language understanding. q 1997 Academic Press
A prospective study of age trends of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in rural China

BACKGROUND
In China, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence is unexpectedly high in older women, but the possible reasons have not been well studied yet. This study investigated the age trends of HR-HPV infection in a prospective study.


METHODS
A total of 7397 women aged 25-65 years without cervical precancer or cancer were evaluated during 2010-2011 with a stratified sample of 2791 women re-evaluated after one year. Test results for careHPV and careHPV16/18/45 were used to describe the HR-HPV prevalence, incidence and clearance. Risk factors associated with HR-HPV infections were explored using a logistic regression model.


RESULTS
The overall HR-HPV prevalence was 13.1% at baseline, with a peak of 19.3% in women aged 55-59 years. The prevalence of HR-HPV (p for trends < 0.001), HPV16/18/45 (p for trends = 0.002), and HR-HPV other than HPV16/18/45 (p for trends = 0.002) generally increased with increasing age. Number of infections that cleared was generally greater than number of incident infections within age groups. One-year clearance rate decreased with increasing age (p for trends < 0.001), however, incidence rate was unrelated to age (p for trends = 0.159). Risk factors that associated with HR-HPV infection differed between younger and older women.


CONCLUSIONS
The greater HR-HPV prevalence in older versus younger women in rural China may be explained by a cohort effect, higher than expected incidence, and/or poorer clearance at older age.
Preprocessing and postprocessing for skeleton-based fingerprint minutiae extraction

In this paper, we propose to use the fingerprint valley instead of ridge for the binarization-thinning process to extract fingerprint minutiae. We first use several preprocessing steps on the binary image in order to eliminate the spurious lakes and dots, and to reduce the spurious islands, bridges, and spurs in the skeleton image. By removing all the bug pixels introduced at the thinning stage, our algorithm can detect a maximum number of minutiae from the fingerprint skeleton using the Rutovitz Crossing Number. This allows the true minutiae preserved and false minutiae removed in later postprocessing stages. Finally, using the intrinsic duality property of fingerprint image we develop several postprocessing techniques to efficiently remove spurious minutiae. Especially, we define an H-point structure to remove several types of spurious minutiae including bridge, triangle, ladder, and wrinkle all together. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithms. 2006 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Treatment with Sildenafil Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

CONTEXT
Sildenafil increases insulin sensitivity in mice. In humans, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves disposition index, but the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated and may depend on duration. In addition, increasing cyclic GMP without increasing nitric oxide could have beneficial effects on fibrinolytic balance.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to test the hypothesis that chronic phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition with sildenafil improves insulin sensitivity and secretion without diminishing fibrinolytic function.


DESIGN
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.


SETTING
This trial was conducted at Vanderbilt Clinical Research Center.


PARTICIPANTS
Participants included overweight individuals with prediabetes.


INTERVENTIONS
Subjects were randomized to treatment with sildenafil 25 mg three times a day or matching placebo for 3 months. Subjects underwent a hyperglycemic clamp prior to and at the end of treatment.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcomes of the study were insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.


RESULT
Twenty-one subjects completed each treatment arm. After 3 months, the insulin sensitivity index was significantly greater in the sildenafil group compared to the placebo group by 1.84 mg/kg/min per μU/mL*100 (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 3.67 mg/kg/min per μU/mL*100; P = .049), after adjusting for baseline insulin sensitivity index and body mass index. In contrast, there was no effect of 3-month treatment with sildenafil on acute- or late-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P > .30). Sildenafil decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P = .01), without altering tissue-plasminogen activator. In contrast to placebo, sildenafil also decreased the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio from 12.67 ± 14.67 to 6.84 ± 4.86 μg/mg Cr. This effect persisted 3 months after sildenafil discontinuation.


CONCLUSIONS
Three-month phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition enhances insulin sensitivity and improves markers of endothelial function.
A Paper Recommender for Scientific Literatures Based on Semantic Concept Similarity

Recently, collaborative tagging has become more and more popular in the Web2.0 community, since tags in these Web2.0 systems reflect the specific content features of the resources. This paper presents a recommender for scientific literatures based on semantic concept similarity computed from the collaborative tags. User profiles and item profiles are presented by these semantic concepts, and neighbor users are selected using collaborative filtering. Then, content-based filtering approach is used to generate recommendation list from the papers these neighbor users tagged. The evaluation is carried out on a dataset crawled from CiteULike, with satisfied experiment results.
The discrete age-structured SEIT model with application to tuberculosis transmission in China

Age plays an important role in the transmission of some infectious diseases. A discrete SEIT model with age-structure is formulated and studied. The basic reproduction number, R0, of the model is defined. It is proved that R0 = 1 is a threshold to determine the disease extinction or persistence. The disease-free equilibrium is globally stable (unstable) if R0 < 1 (if R0 > 1). There exists an endemic equilibrium, and the system is uniformly persistent if R0 > 1. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the endemic equilibrium may be globally asymptotically stable. The model is applied to describe tuberculosis (TB) transmission in China. The total number of the population, the incidence rate, the prevalent rate and its age structure match the statistical data well. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Accountability in the Shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of Agencies

In the Netherlands, new accountability arrangements are created as remedies for the accountability deficit of agencies. These arrangements are of a ‘horizontal’ nature, as the agencies account for their behaviour towards accountees that are not their hierarchical superiors: clients, stakeholders or peers. This paper provides an inventory and qualitative assessment of horizontal accountability arrangements. It is argued that they have added value because they stimulate learning. However, horizontal accountability is not a substitute for hierarchical accountability. Horizontal accountability arrangements operate ‘in the shadow of hierarchy’: they gain significance through complex interactions with traditional forms of accountability.
Development and implementation using Arduino and Raspberry Pi based Ignition control system

This paper proposes an ignition system for real time detection of driver’s face recognition, finger print authentication as well as alcohol intoxication and subsequently alerting them. The main aim of this proposed system is to reduce the number of accidents due to driver’s drowsiness and alcohol intake to increase the transportation safety as well as protect the vehicle from theft. This proposed system contains 8-megapixels digital USB camera, Raspberry-pi loaded. Face detection is the important part of this project will be done using Open CV. [2] [3].