LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Micromachined high frequency PMN-PT/Epoxy 1–3 composite ultrasonic annular arrays

Micromachined high-frequency PMN-PT 1–3 composite ultrasonic annular arrays have been developed. The design, fabrication, and performance of the miniature transducers are described in this paper. PMN-PT single crystal 1–3 composite was produced using micromachining techniques. The area of the single crystal pillar is 9 µm × 9 µm. The space between each pillar was ∼5 µm; this region was filled with a polymer. A six-element annular transducer with equal area for each element and 16 µm kerfs between annuli was produced. The composite thickness employed in these tests was 24 µm. A novel electric interconnection strategy for high density array elements is presented. After the transducer was attached to the electrical connection board and packaged, the array transducer was tested in a pulse/echo arrangement, whereby the center frequency, bandwidth, two-way insertion loss (IL), and cross talk between adjacent elements were measured for each annulus. The center frequency is about 50 MHz and the −6 dB bandwidth is about 90%. The minimum insertion loss is −19.5 dB at 50 MHz and the crosstalk between adjacent elements is about −35 dB. The micromachining techniques developed in this paper can be applied in fabrication of other array transducers.
Inequalities in Income and Inequalities in Health

What is inequality in health? Are economists' standard tools for measuring income inequality relevant or useful for measuring it? Does income protect health and does income inequality pose a hazard to health? In this paper, I discuss two different concepts of health inequality and relate each of them to the literature on inequality in income. I propose a model of reference groups, in which each individual's health is related to his or her status within the group as measured by income relative to the group mean. In such a model, increases in income inequality, whether within groups, or between them, has no effect on average health. Even so, the slope of the relationship between health and measured income, the "gradient," depends on the ratio of between to within-group income inequality. The model is extended to allow income inequality to play a direct positive or negative role in determining health status. Empirical evidence on cross-country income inequality and life expectancy within the OECD, and on time-series evidence for the U.S., Britain, and Japan, provide little support for the idea that inequality is a health hazard at the national level. Data on birth cohorts for the US observed from 1981 to 1993 show no relationship between mortality and income inequality. However, there is a well defined health gradient in these data, and its slope increases with increases in each cohort's income inequality.
Cardiovascular status after Kawasaki disease in the UK

OBJECTIVE
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that causes coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in young children. Previous studies have emphasised poor long-term outcomes for those with severe CAA. Little is known about the fate of those without CAA or patients with regressed CAA. We aimed to study long-term cardiovascular status after KD by examining the relationship between coronary artery (CA) status, endothelial injury, systemic inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) after KD.


METHODS
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), soluble cell-adhesion molecules cytokines, CRF, PWV and cIMT were compared between patients with KD and healthy controls (HC). CA status of the patients with KD was classified as CAA present (CAA+) or absent (CAA-) according to their worst-ever CA status. Data are median (range).


RESULTS
Ninety-two KD subjects were studied, aged 11.9 years (4.3-32.2), 8.3 years (1.0-30.7) from KD diagnosis. 54 (59%) were CAA-, and 38 (41%) were CAA+. There were 51 demographically similar HC. Patients with KD had higher CECs than HC (p=0.00003), most evident in the CAA+ group (p=0.00009), but also higher in the CAA- group than HC (p=0.0010). Patients with persistent CAA had the highest CECs, but even those with regressed CAA had higher CECs than HC (p=0.011). CD105 EMPs were also higher in the KD group versus HC (p=0.04), particularly in the CAA+ group (p=0.02), with similar findings for soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1. There was no difference in PWV, cIMT, CRF or in markers of systemic inflammation in the patients with KD (CAA+ or CAA-) compared with HC.


CONCLUSIONS
Markers of endothelial injury persist for years after KD, including in a subset of patients without CAA.
Location dependence of microstructure, phase transformation temperature and mechanical properties on Ni-rich NiTi alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

Abstract Ni-rich NiTi alloy was successfully fabricated for the first time using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique. The distinct anisotropic microstructure with increased amount of Ni 4 Ti 3 but decreased amount of Ni 3 Ti from lower to upper region leads to obviously decreasing transformation temperature, increasing hardness and tensile strength but reduced ductility.
On Open and Closed Convex Codes

Combinatorial codes, i.e. subsets of the power set, naturally arise as the language of neural networks in the brain and silicon. A number of combinatorial codes in the brain arise as a pattern of intersections of convex sets in a Euclidean space. Such codes are called convex. Not every code is convex. What makes a code convex and what determines its embedding dimension is still poorly understood. Here we establish that the codes that arise from open convex sets and the codes that arise from closed convex sets are distinct classes of codes. We prove that open convexity is inherited from a sub-code with the same simplicial complex. Finally we prove that codes that contain all intersections of its maximal codewords are both open and closed convex, and provide an upper bound for their embedding dimension.
Memantine improves attention and episodic memory in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies.

OBJECTIVE
In both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), attentional dysfunction is a core clinical feature together with disrupted episodic memory. This study evaluated the cognitive effects of memantine in DLB and PDD using automated tests of attention and episodic memory.


METHODS
A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week three centre trial of memantine (20 mg/day) was conducted in which tests of attention (simple and choice reaction time) and word recognition (immediate and delayed) from the CDR System were administered prior to dosing and again at 12 and 24 weeks. Although other results from this study have been published, the data from the CDR System tests were not included and are presented here for the first time.


RESULTS
Data were available for 51 patients (21 DLB and 30 PDD). In both populations, memantine produced statistically significant medium to large effect sized improvements to choice reaction time, immediate and delayed word recognition.


CONCLUSIONS
These are the first substantial improvements on cognitive tests of attention and episodic recognition memory identified with memantine in either DLB or PDD.
De-identification of patient notes with recurrent neural networks

Objective
Patient notes in electronic health records (EHRs) may contain critical information for medical investigations. However, the vast majority of medical investigators can only access de-identified notes, in order to protect the confidentiality of patients. In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) defines 18 types of protected health information that needs to be removed to de-identify patient notes. Manual de-identification is impractical given the size of electronic health record databases, the limited number of researchers with access to non-de-identified notes, and the frequent mistakes of human annotators. A reliable automated de-identification system would consequently be of high value.


Materials and Methods
We introduce the first de-identification system based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), which requires no handcrafted features or rules, unlike existing systems. We compare the performance of the system with state-of-the-art systems on two datasets: the i2b2 2014 de-identification challenge dataset, which is the largest publicly available de-identification dataset, and the MIMIC de-identification dataset, which we assembled and is twice as large as the i2b2 2014 dataset.


Results
Our ANN model outperforms the state-of-the-art systems. It yields an F1-score of 97.85 on the i2b2 2014 dataset, with a recall of 97.38 and a precision of 98.32, and an F1-score of 99.23 on the MIMIC de-identification dataset, with a recall of 99.25 and a precision of 99.21.


Conclusion
Our findings support the use of ANNs for de-identification of patient notes, as they show better performance than previously published systems while requiring no manual feature engineering.
Increased mortality in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort-Study of Atrial Fibrillation (SCAF).

AIMS
Whether paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PxAF) affects survival is poorly recognized. Results have been conflicting in the few previously published studies. To describe mortality in patients with PxAF and to identify risk factors amenable to treatment.


METHODS AND RESULTS
All patients (n=2824) treated for atrial fibrillation during 2002 at one of Scandinavia's largest hospitals were followed prospectively for a mean of 4.6 years. Information about type of AF, comorbidity, and medication was acquired from medical records and national registers. Information about deaths was obtained from the National Cause of Death Register. One-third (n=888) of the patients had PxAF (mean age 73 years). During follow-up, 267 of them died. The mean annual mortality rate was 7%. Compared with the general population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.6 (95% CI 1.4-1.8) for all-cause mortality, 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-3.7) for death from myocardial infarction, and 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-5.2) for death from heart failure. Warfarin treatment was associated with improved survival both in comparison with the general population (SMR 1.1 with warfarin, SMR 2.2 without warfarin) and after propensity score matching for odds to receive warfarin (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). The improvement of survival could not be explained by stroke reduction alone.


CONCLUSION
PxAF is associated with increased mortality, which mostly appears to be related to concomitant cardiovascular risks. Treatment with warfarin is associated with improved survival in PxAF patients.
Improving resolution by image registration

Image resolution can be improved when the relative displacements in image sequences are known accurately, and some knowledge of the imaging process is available. The proposed approach is similar to back-projection used in tomography. Examples of improved image resolution are given for gray-level and color images, when the unknown image displacements are computed from the image sequence.
Towards In-Transit Analytics for Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0, or Digital Manufacturing, is a vision of interconnected services to facilitate innovation in the manufacturing sector. A fundamental requirement of innovation is the ability to be able to visualise manufacturing data, in order to discover new insight for increased competitive advantage. This article describes the enabling technologies that facilitate In-Transit Analytics, which is a necessary precursor for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) visualisation.
Model-based clustering for RNA-seq data

MOTIVATION
RNA-seq technology has been widely adopted as an attractive alternative to microarray-based methods to study global gene expression. However, robust statistical tools to analyze these complex datasets are still lacking. By grouping genes with similar expression profiles across treatments, cluster analysis provides insight into gene functions and networks, and hence is an important technique for RNA-seq data analysis.


RESULTS
In this manuscript, we derive clustering algorithms based on appropriate probability models for RNA-seq data. An expectation-maximization algorithm and another two stochastic versions of expectation-maximization algorithms are described. In addition, a strategy for initialization based on likelihood is proposed to improve the clustering algorithms. Moreover, we present a model-based hybrid-hierarchical clustering method to generate a tree structure that allows visualization of relationships among clusters as well as flexibility of choosing the number of clusters. Results from both simulation studies and analysis of a maize RNA-seq dataset show that our proposed methods provide better clustering results than alternative methods such as the K-means algorithm and hierarchical clustering methods that are not based on probability models.


AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
An R package, MBCluster.Seq, has been developed to implement our proposed algorithms. This R package provides fast computation and is publicly available at http://www.r-project.org
Forensic analysis of the ChatSecure instant messaging application on android smartphones

We present the forensic analysis of the artifacts generated on Android smartphones by ChatSecure, a secure Instant Messaging application that provides strong encryption for transmitted and locally-stored data to ensure the privacy of its users. We show that ChatSecure stores local copies of both exchanged messages and files into two distinct, AES-256 encrypted databases, and we devise a technique able to decrypt them when the secret passphrase, chosen by the user as the initial step of the encryption process, is known. Furthermore, we show how this passphrase can be identified and extracted from the volatile memory of the device, where it persists for the entire execution of ChatSecure after having been entered by the user, thus allowing one Please, cite as: Cosimo Anglano, Massimo Canonico, Marco Guazzone, “Forensic Analysis of the ChatSecure Instant Messaging Application on Android Smartphones,” Digital Investigation, Volume 19, December 2016, Pages 44–59, DOI: 10.1016/j.diin.2016.10.001 Link to publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2016.10.001 ∗Corresponding author. Address: viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria (Italy). Phone: +39 0131 360188. Email addresses: cosimo.anglano@uniupo.it (Cosimo Anglano), massimo.canonico@uniupo.it (Massimo Canonico), marco.guazzone@uniupo.it (Marco Guazzone) Preprint submitted to Digital Investigation October 24, 2016 to carry out decryption even if the passphrase is not revealed by the user. Finally, we discuss how to analyze and correlate the data stored in the databases used by ChatSecure to identify the IM accounts used by the user and his/her buddies to communicate, as well as to reconstruct the chronology and contents of the messages and files that have been exchanged among them. For our study we devise and use an experimental methodology, based on the use of emulated devices, that provides a very high degree of reproducibility of the results, and we validate the results it yields against those obtained from real smartphones.
Abrupt cessation of short-term continuous treatment with isosorbide dinitrate may cause a rebound increase in silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with stable angina pectoris.

OBJECTIVE
To examine by Holter electrocardiographic monitoring the effect of abruptly stopping nitrate treatment in patients with stable angina pectoris.


PATIENTS
12 men with confirmed ischaemic heart disease and stable exertional class 3 angina (Canadian). All had episodes of horizontal or down sloping ST segment depression during 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring. All were nitrate responders.


DESIGN
Each patient was given isosorbide dinitrate (10-30 mg four times a day) and placebo (four times a day) for three days in a randomised crossover trial. There was a washout period of 3-5 days between the two treatment periods. Holter monitoring was performed on the third day of isosorbide dinitrate and placebo administration and on the first day of their withdrawal.


RESULTS
When treatment with isosorbide dinitrate was stopped there was a significant increase in the total number and duration of painless episodes of myocardial ischaemia. During placebo and isosorbide dinitrate administration 8 patients had episodes of painless myocardial ischaemia whereas after isosorbide dinitrate cessation they were recorded in all 12 patients. Episodes of silent myocardial ischaemia at rest appeared in 4 patients after isosorbide dinitrate withdrawal.


CONCLUSION
Abrupt cessation of short-term continuous nitrate treatment in patients with severe angina may cause a rebound increase in myocardial ischaemia which is predominantly silent.
Want to be Retweeted? Large Scale Analytics on Factors Impacting Retweet in Twitter Network

Retweeting is the key mechanism for information diffusion in Twitter. It emerged as a simple yet powerful way of disseminating useful information. Even though a lot of information is shared via its social network structure in Twitter, little is known yet about how and why certain information spreads more widely than others. In this paper, we examine a number of features that might affect retweetability of tweets. We gathered content and contextual features from 74M tweets and used this data set to identify factors that are significantly associated with retweet rate. We also built a predictive retweet model. We found that, amongst content features, URLs and hashtags have strong relationships with retweetability. Amongst contextual features, the number of followers and followees as well as the age of the account seem to affect retweetability, while, interestingly, the number of past tweets does not predict retweetability of a user’s tweet. We believe that this research would inform the design of sensemaking tools for Twitter streams as well as other general social media collections. Keywords-Twitter; retweet; tweet; follower; social network; social media; factor analysis
A multichip on oxide of 1 Gb/s 80 dB fully-differential CMOS transimpedance amplifier for optical interconnect applications

A 1.0 Gb/s 80 dB/spl Omega/ fully-differential TIA uses 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS and multichip-on-oxide (MCO) process. MCO enables integration of PD, TIA, and planar inductors of Q=21.1 for shunt peaking on an oxidized silicon substrate. Interchannel crosstalk and power dissipation are <-40 dB and 27 mW, respectively. MCO and TIA chips are 5/spl times/5 mm/sup 2/ and 0.7/spl times/1 mm/sup 2/, respectively.
Uniform and non-uniform quantization of Gaussian processes

Quantization of a continuous-value signal into a discrete form (or discretization of amplitude) is a standard task in all analog/digital devices. We consider quantization of a signal (or random process) in a probabilistic framework. The quantization method presented in this paper can be applied to signal coding and storage capacity problems. In order to demonstrate a general approach, both uniform and non-uniform quantization of a Gaussian process are studied in more detail and compared with a conventional piecewise constant approximation. We investigate asymptotic properties of some accuracy characteristics, such as a random quantization rate, in terms of the correlation structure of the original random process when quantization cellwidth tends to zero. Some examples and numerical experiments are presented. AMS subject classifications: Primary 60G15; Secondary 94A29, 94A34
Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH).

REVIEW
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is defined as a hypomineralisation of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors. MIH molars are fragile and caries can develop very easily in those molars. Although MIH molars are well known by paediatric dentists and their occurrence is related in severe cases to major clinical problems, only limited data of the size of the problem are available. The prevalence of MIH ranges in the literature from about 3.6 to 25% and seems to differ in certain regions and birth cohorts. Unfortunately more complete comparable valid data are lacking at the moment. It seems that several aetiological factors can cause the enamel defects and that their occurrence is child related.


CONCLUSION
For children with repeated illnesses in the first years after birth and children with opacities on erupted molars or incisors it seems useful to increase the frequency of dental check-ups during the period of erupting first permanent molars.
Algebraic proofs for geometric statements.

It is well-known that in the first half of the 17th century Ren ́e Descartes proposed a program of problem solving based on the assumption that solving a problem in mathematics means essentially solving a problem in algebra, more precisely, solving a system of algebraic equations. It is less known that precisely the same method was in current use in China long before Descartes, as witnessed by the book Jade Mirror of Four Elements by Shi-jie Zhu, dated 1303 (cf. [3]). However, as a consequence of Godel’s work, in the first part of the 20th century it became clear that not all geometric statements can be derived in this way from a small set of axioms. The advent of fast computers has revived the interest in algebraization of geometric reasoning. The most successful methods currently available are based on either Grobner-bases theory or on Ritt-Wu characteristic sets method. Other approaches are described in various chapters of [5]. An impressive bibliography can be found on Dongming Wang’s web site [10]. The automatic methods for proving theorems can be classified according to several criteria. Thus one has to distinguish those who use coordinates from the coordinate-free approaches. The method of the former kind have a common structure:
Evaluation of a fully bioresorbable vascular scaffold in patients with coronary artery disease: design of and rationale for the ABSORB III randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Randomized trials have demonstrated progressive improvements in clinical and angiographic measures of restenosis with technologic iterations from balloon angioplasty to bare-metal stents and subsequently to drug-eluting stents (DES). However, the permanent presence of a metal stent prevents coronary vasomotion, autoregulation, and adaptive coronary remodeling. The limitations imposed by a permanent metal implant may be overcome with a bioresorbable scaffold. ABSORB III is a large-scale, multicenter, randomized trial designed to support US premarket approval of the ABSORB BVS platform and is the first study with sufficient size to allow valid examination of the relative clinical outcomes between metallic DES and bioresorbable scaffold.


DESIGN
ABSORB III (ClincalTrials.gov NCT01751906) will register approximately 2,262 patients and includes a lead-in phase (n = 50), the primary randomized analysis group (n = 2,000), an imaging cohort (n = 200), and a pharmacokinetic substudy (n = 12). In the primary analysis group, approximately 2,000 patients with up to 2 de novo native coronary artery lesions in separate epicardial vessels will be prospectively assigned in a 2:1 ratio to ABSORB BVS versus XIENCE everolimus-eluting stents (EES). The primary end point is target lesion failure (the composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) at 1 year, powered for noninferiority of ABSORB BVS compared to XIENCE EES. Clinical follow-up will continue for 5 years. Enrollment has been completed, and the principal results will be available in the fall of 2015.


CONCLUSIONS
The large-scale ABSORB III randomized trial will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ABSORB BVS compared to XIENCE EES in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.