LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Short-term maximal-intensity resistance training increases volitional function and strength in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Recent research shows that individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) have a reserve of force-generating capability that is observable during repeated intermittent maximal volitional effort contractions. Previous studies suggest that increased neural drive contributes to the enhanced short-term force-generating capabilities. Whether this reserve can be harnessed with repeated training is unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of maximal-intensity resistance training, compared with conventional progressive resistance training, on lower extremity function and strength in chronic incomplete SCI.


METHODS
Using a randomized crossover design, 5 individuals with chronic (> 1 year postinjury) SCI American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale classification C or D were tested before and after 4 weeks of both maximal-intensity training and progressive resistance training paradigms. Outcomes measures included the 6-Minute Walk Test, the Berg Balance Scale, and peak isometric torque for strength of lower extremity muscles.


RESULTS
Maximal-intensity resistance training was associated with an average increase of 12.19 ± 8.29 m on the 6-Minute Walk Test, 4 ± 1.9 points on the Berg Balance Scale, 4 ± 4.5 points on the lower extremity motor score), while no changes on the above scores were seen with conventional training. Furthermore, significant increases in peak volitional isometric torques (mean increase = 20 ± 8 Nm) were observed following maximal-intensity resistance training when compared with conventional training (mean increase = 0.12 ± 3 Nm, P = 0.03).


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Maximal-intensity training paradigm may facilitate rapid gains in volitional function and strength in persons with chronic motor-incomplete SCI, using a simple short-term training paradigm.
Scheduling Garbage Collector for Embedded Real-Time Systems

This paper proposes a new scheduling method for multiple mutators and a garbage collector running on embedded real-time systems with a single processor and no virtual memory. The hard real-time tasks should reserve a certain amount of heap memory to prevent memory starvation and/or deadline miss. Since the memory requirement depends on the worst-case response time of a garbage collector, the traditional approach in which garbage collection is performed in the background demands large memory space. The proposed scheduling algorithm is based on an aperiodic scheduling technique, sporadic server. This paper also presents a modified copying garbage collection algorithm with hardware support. In order to minimize the worst-case response time of a garbage collector thus reducing the memory requirement, the garbage collector runs as the highest priority task with a preset bandwidth. This paper also investigates the schedulability of a garbage collector and mutator tasks as well as the worst-case memory requirement. Performance analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can provide a considerable reduction in the worst-case memory requirement compared with the background policy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can produce the feasible memory requirement comparable to the complex on-line scheduling algorithm such as slack stealing.
Comparison of clinical performance of zirconia implants and titanium implants in animal models: a systematic review.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the values of removal torque (RT) and bone-implant contact (BIC) reported in different animal studies for zirconia and titanium implants.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed to analyze BIC and RT of animal studies in which both zirconia and titanium dental implants were used. To identify the studies to include in this systematic review, an exhaustive search of PubMed was performed of animal studies published in English with reports on the quantification of the osseointegration of both titanium and zirconia implants by means of BIC and/or RT. The results were aggregated and analyzed within each of the animal models (pig, rabbit, rat, monkey, dog, and sheep).


RESULTS
The selection process resulted in a final sample of 16 studies. In general, no significant differences were found between titanium and zirconia. The significant differences in terms of BIC and RT reported by the authors were attributable to the different surface treatments and microporosities of the implant surfaces studied, not to the materials themselves. Only two articles reported significantly lower BIC for modified zirconia implants as compared to modified titanium implants. Four authors described statistically significant differences in terms of RT between zirconia and titanium implants in the different animal models, regardless of the surface treatment received by the implants.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, the values for the BIC and RT of zirconia implants in most of the studies analyzed did not show statistical differences compared with titanium implants. Modified-surface zirconia may have potential as a candidate for a successful implant material, although further clinical studies are necessary.
Urban ecosystem and urban continued development

It discusses the influences of the urbanization process to the urban ecological condition,introduces the main features and the problems existed in the urban ecosystem,and brings forward the continued development viewpoints in cities based on the ecology,which will build the continued and developed cities assorted by the social ecosystem,economic ecosystem and the natural ecosystem.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT
• Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban have been characterized in healthy subjects and in patients with total venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis or atrial fibrillation.


WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS
• This article is the first description of the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rivaroxaban in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is the largest population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study on rivaroxaban conducted to date (n= 2290). The PK and PK-PD relationship of rivaroxaban in patients with ACS were similar to those in other patient populations. In addition, model-based simulations showed that the influence of renal function and age on the exposure to rivaroxaban in the ACS population were similar to the findings from Phase 1 special population studies. These findings suggest that rivaroxaban has highly predictable PK-PD and may provide a consistent anticoagulant effect across the studied patient populations, which allows an accurate prediction of the dose to control anticoagulation optimally.


AIMS
The aim of this analysis was to use a population approach to facilitate the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to evaluate the influence of patient covariates on the exposure of rivaroxaban in patients with ACS. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using pharmacokinetic samples from 2290 patients in Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 46. The relationship between pharmacokinetics and the primary pharmacodynamic end point, prothrombin time, was evaluated.


RESULTS
The pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in patients with ACS was adequately described by an oral one-compartment model. The estimated absorption rate, apparent clearance and volume of distribution were 1.24 h(-1) (interindividual variability, 139%), 6.48 l h(-1) (31%) and 57.9 l (10%), respectively. Simulations indicate that the influences of renal function, age and bodyweight on exposure in ACS patients are consistent with the findings in previous Phase 1 studies. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations exhibit a close-to-linear relationship with prothrombin time in the ACS population, with little interindividual variability. The estimated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for the ACS patients were comparable to those for venous thromboembolism prevention, deep vein thrombosis and atrial fibrillation patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The similarity in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban among different patient populations and the low interindividual variability in the exposure-prothrombin time relationship indicate that the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban is highly predictable and consistent across all the patient populations studied.
Who has undiagnosed dementia? A cross-sectional analysis of participants of the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study.

BACKGROUND
delays in diagnosing dementia may lead to suboptimal care, yet around half of those with dementia are undiagnosed. Any strategy for case finding should be informed by understanding the characteristics of the undiagnosed population. We used cross-sectional data from a population-based sample with dementia aged 71 years and older in the United States to describe the undiagnosed population and identify factors associated with non-diagnosis.


METHODS
the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study (ADAMS) Wave A participants (N = 856) each underwent a detailed neuropsychiatric investigation. Informants were asked whether the participant had ever received a doctor's diagnosis of dementia. We used multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with informant report of a prior dementia diagnosis among those with a study diagnosis of dementia.


RESULTS
of those with a study diagnosis of dementia (n = 307), a prior diagnosis of dementia was reported by 121 informants (weighted proportion = 42%). Prior diagnosis was associated with greater clinical dementia rating (CDR), from 26% (CDR = 1) to 83% (CDR = 5). In multivariate analysis, those aged 90 years or older were less likely to be diagnosed (P = 0.008), but prior diagnosis was more common among married women (P = 0.038) and those who had spent more than 9 years in full-time education (P = 0.043).


CONCLUSIONS
people with dementia who are undiagnosed are older, have fewer years in education, are more likely to be unmarried, male and have less severe dementia than those with a diagnosis. Policymakers and clinicians should be mindful of the variation in diagnosis rates among subgroups of the population with dementia.
Internet Addiction Test (IAT): Which is the Best Factorial Solution?

BACKGROUND
The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Kimberly Young is one of the most utilized diagnostic instruments for Internet addiction. Although many studies have documented psychometric properties of the IAT, consensus on the optimal overall structure of the instrument has yet to emerge since previous analyses yielded markedly different factor analytic results.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the IAT, specifically testing the factor structure stability across cultures.


METHODS
In order to determine the dimensional structure underlying the questionnaire, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The reliability of the questionnaire was computed by the Cronbach alpha coefficient.


RESULTS
Data analyses were conducted on a sample of 485 college students (32.3%, 157/485 males and 67.7%, 328/485 females) with a mean age of 24.05 years (SD 7.3, range 17-47). Results showed 176/485 (36.3%) participants with IAT score from 40 to 69, revealing excessive Internet use, and 11/485 (1.9%) participants with IAT score from 70 to 100, suggesting significant problems because of Internet use. The IAT Italian version showed good psychometric properties, in terms of internal consistency and factorial validity. Alpha values were satisfactory for both the one-factor solution (Cronbach alpha=.91), and the two-factor solution (Cronbach alpha=.88 and Cronbach alpha=.79). The one-factor solution comprised 20 items, explaining 36.18% of the variance. The two-factor solution, accounting for 42.15% of the variance, showed 11 items loading on Factor 1 (Emotional and Cognitive Preoccupation with the Internet) and 7 items on Factor 2 (Loss of Control and Interference with Daily Life). Goodness-of-fit indexes (NNFI: Non-Normed Fit Index; CFI: Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR: Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) from confirmatory factor analyses conducted on a random half subsample of participants (n=243) were satisfactory in both factorial solutions: two-factor model (χ²₁₃₂= 354.17, P<.001, χ²/df=2.68, NNFI=.99, CFI=.99, RMSEA=.02 [90% CI 0.000-0.038], and SRMR=.07), and one-factor model (χ²₁₆₉=483.79, P<.001, χ²/df=2.86, NNFI=.98, CFI=.99, RMSEA=.02 [90% CI 0.000-0.039], and SRMR=.07).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study was aimed at determining the most parsimonious and veridical representation of the structure of Internet addiction as measured by the IAT. Based on our findings, support was provided for both single and two-factor models, with slightly strong support for the bidimensionality of the instrument. Given the inconsistency of the factor analytic literature of the IAT, researchers should exercise caution when using the instrument, dividing the scale into factors or subscales. Additional research examining the cross-cultural stability of factor solutions is still needed.
Credit scoring using the hybrid neural discriminant technique

Credit scoring has become a very important task as the credit industry has been experiencing double-digit growth rate during the past few decades. The artificial neural network is becoming a very popular alternative in credit scoring models due to its associated memory characteristic and generalization capability. However, the decision of network’s topology, importance of potential input variables and the long training process has often long been criticized and hence limited its application in handling credit scoring problems. The objective of the proposed study is to explore the performance of credit scoring by integrating the backpropagation neural networks with traditional discriminant analysis approach. To demonstrate the inclusion of the credit scoring result from discriminant analysis would simplify the network structure and improve the credit scoring accuracy of the designed neural network model, credit scoring tasks are performed on one bank credit card data set. As the results reveal, the proposed hybrid approach converges much faster than the conventional neural networks model. Moreover, the credit scoring accuracies increase in terms of the proposed methodology and outperform traditional discriminant analysis and logistic regression approaches. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Laying the foundations for a World Wide Argument Web

This paper lays theoretical and software foundations for a World Wide Argument Web (WWAW): a large-scale Web of interconnected arguments posted by individuals to express their opinions in a structured manner. First, we extend the recently proposed Argument Interchange Format (AIF) to express arguments with a structure based on Walton’s theory of argumentation schemes. Then, we describe an implementation of this ontology using the RDF Schema Semantic Web-based ontology language, and demonstrate how our ontology enables the representation of networks of arguments on the Semantic Web. Finally, we present a pilot Semantic Web-based system, ArgDF, through which users can create arguments using different argumentation schemes and can query arguments using a Semantic Web query language. Manipulation of existing arguments is also handled in ArgDF: users can attack or support parts of existing arguments, or use existing parts of an argument in the creation of new arguments. ArgDF also enables users to create new argumentation schemes. As such, ArgDF is an open platform not only for representing arguments, but also for building interlinked and dynamic argument networks on the Semantic Web. This initial public-domain tool is intended to seed a variety of future applications for authoring, linking, navigating, searching, and evaluating arguments on the Web. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Turbojet and Turbofan Engine Performance Increases Through Turbine Burners

In a conventional turbojet and turbofan engine, fuel is burned in the main combustor before the heated highpressure gas expands through the turbine. A turbine-burner concept was proposed in a previous paper in which combustion is continued inside the turbine to increase the ef ciency and speci c thrust of the turbojet engine. This concept is extended to include not only continuous burning in the turbine but also “discrete” interstage turbine burners as an intermediate option. A thermodynamic cycle analysis is performed to compare the relative performances of the conventional engine and the turbine-burner engine with different combustion options for both turbojet and turbofan con gurations. Turbine-burner engines are shown to provide signi cantly higher speci c thrust with no or only small increases in thrust speci c fuel consumption compared to conventional engines. Turbine-burner engines also widen the operational range of  ight Mach number and compressor pressure ratio. The performance gain of turbine-burner engines over conventional engines increases with compressor pressure ratio, fan bypass ratio, and  ight Mach number.
Spray Characteristics of a Multi-hole Injector for Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

The sprays from a high-pressure multi-hole nozzle injected into a constant volume chamber have been visualised and quantified in terms of droplet velocity and diameter with a two-component phase Doppler amenometry (PDA) system at injection pressures up to 200bar and chamber pressures varying from atmospheric to 12bar. The flow characteristics within the injection system were quantified by means of an FIE 1-D model, providing the injection rate and the injection velocity in the presence of hole cavitation, by an in-house 3-D CFD model providing the detailed flow distribution for various combinations of nozzle hole configurations, and by a fuel atomisation model giving estimates of the droplet size very near to the nozzle exit. The overall spray angle relative to the axis of the injector was found to be almost independent of injection and chamber pressure, a significant advantage relative to swirl pressure atomisers. Temporal droplet velocities were found to increase sharply at the start of injection and then to remain unchanged during the main part of injection before decreasing rapidly towards the end of injection. The spatial droplet velocity profiles were jet-like at all axial locations, with the local velocity maximum found at the centre of the jet. Within the measured range, the effect of injection pressure on droplet size was rather small while the increase in chamber pressure from atmospheric to 12bar resulted in much smaller droplet velocities, by up to fourfold, and larger droplet sizes by up to 40%.
Contraceptive practices among married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a review of the evidence

BACKGROUND
Bangladesh has experienced a sevenfold increase in its contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in less than forty years from 8% in 1975 to 62% in 2014. However, despite this progress, almost one-third of pregnancies are still unintended which may be attributed to unmet need for family planning and discontinuation and switching of methods after initiation of their use.


METHODS
We conducted an extensive literature review on contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Bangladesh. A total of 263 articles were identified through database search and after final screening ten articles were included in this synthesis.


RESULTS
Findings showed that method discontinuation and switching, method failure, and method mix may offset achievements in the CPR. Most of the women know of at least one contraceptive method. Oral pill is the most widely used (27%) method, followed by injectables (12.4%), condoms (6.4%), female sterilization (4.6%), male sterilization (1.2%), implants (1.7%), and IUDs (0.6%). There has been a decline in the use of long acting and permanent methods over the last two decades. Within 12 months of initiation, the rate of method discontinuation particularly the short-acting methods remain high at 36%. It is important to recognize the trends as married Bangladeshi women, on average, wanted 1.6 children, but the rate of actual children was 2.3.


CONCLUSIONS
A renewed commitment from government bodies and independent organizations is needed to implement and monitor family planning strategies in order to ensure the adherence to and provision of the most appropriate contraceptive method for couples.
Erotic Deception into Agapeic Truth

Kierkegaard's radical, existential understanding of the person implies a new approach to 'Truth and Method' and also, therefore, to the philosophy of education. He understands the person as 'a relation that relates itself to itself and in relating itself to itself relates itself to another'. This definition, moving away from the concept of the person as 'an individual substance of a rational nature,' stresses rather that the person is 'a relational agent of loving transcendence.' Implied by this revolutionary understanding of personal being is the new understanding of truth as 'objective uncertainty held fast in the appropriation process of passionate inwardness'. But I shall not deal here with the notion of person or truth. Instead, I will concentrate on Kierkegaard's existential method and pedagogy, and clarify his way of thinking and teaching as 'a deceiving into truth.'
Customers churn prediction and marketing retention strategies . An application of support vector machines based on the AUC parameter-selection technique in B 2 B e-commerce industry

Article history: Received 24 January 2015 Received in revised form 12 August 2016 Accepted 16 August 2016 Available online xxxx E-commerce has provided newopportunities for both businesses and consumers to easily share information,find and buy a product, increasing the ease of movement from one company to another as well as to increase the risk of churn. In this study we develop a churn prediction model tailored for B2B e-commerce industry by testing the forecasting capability of a newmodel, the support vector machine (SVM) based on the AUC parameter-selection technique (SVMauc). The predictive performance of SVMauc is benchmarked to logistic regression, neural network and classic support vector machine. Our study shows that the parameter optimization procedure plays an important role in the predictive performance and the SVMauc points out good generalization performance when applied to noisy, imbalance and nonlinear marketing data outperforming the other methods. Thus, our findings confirm that the data-driven approach to churn prediction and the development of retention strategies outperforms commonly used managerial heuristics in B2B e-commerce industry. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.