LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Expert Cognition for Attributed Network Embedding

Attributed network embedding has been widely used in modeling real-world systems. The obtained low-dimensional vector representations of nodes preserve their proximity in terms of both network topology and node attributes, upon which different analysis algorithms can be applied. Recent advances in explanation-based learning and human-in-the-loop models show that by involving experts, the performance of many learning tasks can be enhanced. It is because experts have a better cognition in the latent information such as domain knowledge, conventions, and hidden relations. It motivates us to employ experts to transform their meaningful cognition into concrete data to advance network embedding. However, learning and incorporating the expert cognition into the embedding remains a challenging task. Because expert cognition does not have a concrete form, and is difficult to be measured and laborious to obtain. Also, in a real-world network, there are various types of expert cognition such as the comprehension of word meaning and the discernment of similar nodes. It is nontrivial to identify the types that could lead to a significant improvement in the embedding. In this paper, we study a novel problem of exploring expert cognition for attributed network embedding and propose a principled framework NEEC. We formulate the process of learning expert cognition as a task of asking experts a number of concise and general queries. Guided by the exemplar theory and prototype theory in cognitive science, the queries are systematically selected and can be generalized to various real-world networks. The returned answers from the experts contain their valuable cognition. We model them as new edges and directly add into the attributed network, upon which different embedding methods can be applied towards a more informative embedding representation. Experiments on real-world datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of NEEC. ACM Reference Format: Xiao Huang, Qingquan Song, Jundong Li, Xia Hu. 2018. Exploring Expert Cognition for Attributed Network Embedding. In Proceedings of WSDM’18. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3159652.3159655
Predicting the Brazilian stock market through neural networks and adaptive exponential smoothing methods

The study of financial markets has been addressed in many works during the last years. Different methods have been used in order to capture the non-linear behavior which is characteristic of these complex systems. The development of profitable strategies has been associated with the predictive character of the market movement, and special attention has been devoted to forecast the trends of financial markets. This work performs a predictive study of the principal index of the Brazilian stock market through artificial neural networks and the adaptive exponential smoothing method, respectively. The objective is to compare the forecasting performance of both methods on this market index, and in particular, to evaluate the accuracy of both methods to predict the sign of the market returns. Also the influence on the results of some parameters associated to both methods is studied. Our results show that both methods produce similar results regarding the prediction of the index returns. On the contrary, the neural networks outperform the adaptive exponential smoothing method in the forecasting of the market movement, with relative hit rates similar to the ones found in other developed markets. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND
The clearest advantage of new generation, atypical antipsychotics is a reduced risk of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), compared with conventional compounds. These findings might have been biased by the use of the high-potency antipsychotic haloperidol as a comparator in most of the trials. We aimed to establish whether the new drugs induce fewer EPS than low-potency conventional antipsychotics.


METHODS
We did a meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials in which new generation antipsychotics had been compared with low-potency (equivalent or less potent than chlorpromazine) conventional drugs. We included studies that met quality criteria A or B in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, and assessed quality with the Jadad scale. The primary outcome of interest was the number of patients who had at least one EPS. We used risk differences and 95% CIs as measures of effect size.


FINDINGS
We identified 31 studies with a total of 2320 participants. Of the new generation drugs, only clozapine was associated with significantly fewer EPS (RD=-0.15, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.4, p=0.008) and higher efficacy than low-potency conventional drugs. Reduced frequency of EPS seen with olanzapine was of borderline significance (-0.15, -0.31 to -0.01, p=0.07). Only one inconclusive trial of amisulpride, quetiapine, and risperidone and no investigations of ziprasidone and sertindole were identified, but some evidence indicates that zotepine and remoxipride do not lead to fewer EPS than low-potency antipsychotics. Mean doses less than 600 mg/day of chlorpromazine or its equivalent had no higher risk of EPS than new generation drugs. As a group, new generation drugs were moderately more efficacious than low-potency antipsychotics, largely irrespective of the comparator doses used.


INTERPRETATION
Optimum doses of low-potency conventional antipsychotics might not induce more EPS than new generation drugs. Potential advantages in efficacy of the new generation drugs should be a factor in clinical treatment decisions to use these rather than conventional drugs.
Fyr: a memory-safe and thread-safe systems programming language

Fyr is an open source systems programming language that combines the versatility of C with the ease and safety of modern application programming languages such as Java and Go. Fyr uses manual memory management to support systems where memory is a scarce resource, especially networked IoT devices. Fyr guarantees memory safety and thread safety. These safety guarantees are built on a combination of compile-time type checking, control-flow checking and runtime reference counting where necessary. We show that Fyr allows for more flexibility and simpler code than Rust, especially when working with heap data structures.
MATLAB toolboxes: robotics and vision for students and teachers

In this article, the author gives us a description of Matlab toolboxes. The author has been passionately developing tools to enable students and teachers to better understand the theoretical concepts behind classical robotics and computer vision through easy and intuitive simulation and visualization. The results of this labor of love have been packaged as Matlab toolboxes: the robotics toolbox and the vision toolbox.
Pediatric ventricular assist device use as a bridge to transplantation does not affect long-term quality of life.

OBJECTIVE
The present study sought to determine the long-term quality of life (QOL) of children who required long-term ventricular assist device (VAD) support as a bridge to transplantation (BTT) compared with children who underwent heart transplantation without VAD support. Currently, 20% of children undergoing heart transplantation have required a VAD as a BTT. Few data have been published assessing how children requiring a VAD as a BTT will fair in terms of their long-term QOL.


METHODS
The present study used a cross-sectional design, using the Core and Cardiac modules of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory survey. In a secondary analysis, the factors associated with worse QOL outcomes among the VAD patients were also investigated.


RESULTS
At follow-up (median, 4.2 years), between the 21 children who required a VAD as a BTT and 42 who went straight to transplantation, no significant differences were found in the QOL as measured using the Psychosocial Health Summary Score, Physical Health Summary Score, or Total Score in the survey's Core Module, nor were any differences found in the outcomes assessed using the survey's Cardiac Module. Of the patients who required a VAD, only the presence of a neurologic complication was associated with worse QOL, which was demonstrated by decreased Physical Health Summary and Cardiac Communication scores.


CONCLUSIONS
Over the long term, surviving children who required a long-term VAD as a BTT experience a similar QOL as those who went straight to transplantation.
77 GHz radar transceiver with dual integrated antenna elements

A complete radar transceiver for 77 GHz with two integrated antenna elements is presented. Based on a previously published design [1], two of the transmit and receive channels of the transceiver are supplemented with integrated antenna elements. The antennas exhibit a well defined antenna pattern with an efficiency of better than 50%.
Noise robustness in speech to speech translation

This paper describes various noise robustness issues in a speech-to-speech translation system. We present quantitative measures for noise robustness in the context of speech recognition accuracy and speech-to-speech translation performance. To enhance noise immunity, we explore two approaches to improve the overall speech-to-speech translation performance. First, a multi-style training technique is used to tackle the issue of environmental degradation at the acoustic model level. Second, a pre-processing technique, CDCN, is exploited to compensate for the acoustic distortion at the signal level. Further improvement can be obtained by combining both schemes. In addition to recognition accuracy for speech recognition, this paper studies and examines how closely speech recognition accuracy is related the overall speech-to-speech recognition. When we apply the proposed schemes to an English-to-Chinese translation task, the word error rate for our speech recognition subsystem is substantially reduced by 28% relative, to 13.2% from 18.9% for test data of 15dB SNR. The corresponding BLEU score improves to 0.478 from 0.43 for the overall speech-to-speech translation. Similar improvements are also observed for a lower SNR condition.
The use of 3D surface scanning for the measurement and assessment of the human foot

BACKGROUND
A number of surface scanning systems with the ability to quickly and easily obtain 3D digital representations of the foot are now commercially available. This review aims to present a summary of the reported use of these technologies in footwear development, the design of customised orthotics, and investigations for other ergonomic purposes related to the foot.


METHODS
The PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Reference lists and experts in the field were also consulted to identify additional articles. Studies in English which had 3D surface scanning of the foot as an integral element of their protocol were included in the review.


RESULTS
Thirty-eight articles meeting the search criteria were included. Advantages and disadvantages of using 3D surface scanning systems are highlighted. A meta-analysis of studies using scanners to investigate the changes in foot dimensions during varying levels of weight bearing was carried out.


CONCLUSIONS
Modern 3D surface scanning systems can obtain accurate and repeatable digital representations of the foot shape and have been successfully used in medical, ergonomic and footwear development applications. The increasing affordability of these systems presents opportunities for researchers investigating the foot and for manufacturers of foot related apparel and devices, particularly those interested in producing items that are customised to the individual. Suggestions are made for future areas of research and for the standardization of the protocols used to produce foot scans.
Learning Spatially Localized, Parts-Based Representation

In this paper, we propose a novel method, called local nonnegative matrix factorization (LNMF), for learning spatially localized, parts-based subspace representation of visual patterns. An objective function is defined to impose localization constraint, in addition to the non-negativity constraint in the standard NMF [1]. This gives a set of bases which not only allows a non-subtractive (part-based) representation of images but also manifests localized features. An algorithm is presented for the learning of such basis components. Experimental results are presented to compare LNMF with the NMF and PCA methods for face representation and recognition, which demonstrates advantages of LNMF.
Tutorial for the WGCNA package for R : III . Using simulated data to evaluate different module detection methods and gene screening approaches 8 . Visualization of gene networks

# Display the current working directory getwd(); # If necessary, change the path below to the directory where the data files are stored. # "." means current directory. On Windows use a forward slash / instead of the usual \. workingDir = "."; setwd(workingDir); # Load WGCNA package library(WGCNA) library(cluster) # The following setting is important, do not omit. options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE); # Load the previously saved data load("Simulated-RelatingToExt.RData"); load("Simulated-Screening.RData")
What Do We Know About Base Erosion and Profit Shifting? A Review of the Empirical Literature

The issue of tax-motivated income shifting within multinational firms has attracted increasing global attention in recent years. It is of central importance to many current policy debates, including those related to recent initiatives by the OECD on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) and to proposals for US tax reform in a territorial direction. This paper provides a survey of the empirical literature on tax-motivated income-shifting within multinational firms. Its emphasis is on clarifying what is known about the magnitude of BEPS. It begins by outlining a simple conceptual framework that helps to clarify aspects of governments’ responses to the BEPS phenomenon and the potential role of the OECD initiative. The paper then discusses different empirical approaches to identifying income-shifting, describes existing data sources, and summarizes the findings of the empirical literature. A major theme that emerges from this survey is that in the more recent empirical literature, which uses new and richer sources of data, the estimated magnitude of BEPS is typically much smaller than that found in earlier studies. The paper seeks to provide a framework within which to conceptualize this magnitude and its implications for policy. It concludes by highlighting the importance of existing legal and economic frictions as constraints on BEPS, and discussing possible ways in which future research might model these frictions more precisely. Acknowledgments: I wish to thank Tom Brennan, Mihir Desai, Jim Hines, Peter Merrill, Matt Slaughter and participants at the International Tax Policy Forum meetings for helpful comments, suggestions and discussions. I also acknowledge the support of the International Tax Policy Forum. Any remaining errors or omissions are, of course, my own.
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with linagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

AIMS
To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linagliptin or placebo administered for 24 weeks in combination with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.5-11.0%).


METHODS
Patients were randomized to receive the initial combination of 30 mg pioglitazone plus 5 mg linagliptin (n = 259) or pioglitazone plus placebo (n = 130), all once daily. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks of treatment, adjusted for baseline HbA1c and prior antidiabetes medication.


RESULTS
After 24 weeks of treatment, the adjusted mean change (±s.e.) in HbA1c with the initial combination of linagliptin plus pioglitazone was -1.06% (±0.06), compared with -0.56% (±0.09) for placebo plus pioglitazone. The difference in adjusted mean HbA1c in the linagliptin group compared with placebo was -0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.71, -0.30; p < 0.0001). Reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly greater for linagliptin plus pioglitazone than with placebo plus pioglitazone; -1.8 and -1.0 mmol/l, respectively, equating to a treatment difference of -0.8 mmol/l (95% CI -1.2, -0.4; p < 0.0001). Patients taking linagliptin plus pioglitazone, compared with those receiving placebo plus pioglitazone, were more likely to achieve HbA1c of <7.0% (42.9 vs. 30.5%, respectively; p = 0.0051) and reduction in HbA1c of ≥0.5% (75.0 vs. 50.8%, respectively; p < 0.0001). β-cell function, exemplified by the ratio of relative change in adjusted mean HOMA-IR and disposition index, improved. The proportion of patients that experienced at least one adverse event was similar for both groups. Hypoglycaemic episodes (all mild) occurred in 1.2% of the linagliptin plus pioglitazone patients and none in the placebo plus pioglitazone group.


CONCLUSION
Initial combination therapy with linagliptin plus pioglitazone was well tolerated and produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control. This combination may offer a valuable additive initial treatment option for T2DM, particularly where metformin either is not well tolerated or is contraindicated, such as in patients with renal impairment.
On Reconstructing School Segregation: The Efficacy and Equity of Single-Sex Schooling.

Reconstructing School Segregation: On the Efficacy and Equity of Single-Sex Schooling A change to Title IX has spurred new single-sex public schooling in the US. Until recently, nearly all gender-segregated schools were private, and I therefore address potential selection bias in the effects on educational and labor market outcomes using within private sector comparisons, an index comparing expectations to outcomes, quantile regressions, and other techniques. Descriptive statistics suggest significant benefits, but more consideration of selection bias reveals less consistency. Girls' school alumnae are more likely than their coed peers to receive scholarships, but they are not more likely to pursue college degrees, and both genders are less likely to meet their own educational expectations. Moreover, single-sex schooling is not universally superior in supporting gender equity, as coeducational public schools yield the least segregated college major choices. On the other hand, I find 15-20% higher starting salaries among single-sex school graduates, but only persistently for men of median ability. Much of the benefit from single-sex schooling accrues to students already likely to succeed, but favorable selection is an insufficient explanation for all gains. Most notably, there are clear returns for both African-Americans and low income students. JEL Classification: I21, J24, J3, I28
Histopathological study of the treatment of melasma lesions using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser.

The low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (QSNY) laser is a widely used treatment for melasma in East Asia, although its mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of the QSNY laser. We performed a histopathological study on eight Korean women who had considerable improvement in their melasma lesions after a series of low-fluence QSNY laser treatments. Compared with nonlesional skin, samples from melasma lesions showed increased reactivity in melanin (Fontana-Masson staining) and in melanogenesis-associated proteins, including α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, nerve growth factor and stem cell factor. After laser treatment, the melasma skin showed a decrease in the number of melanosomes and reduced expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins. Expression levels of the melanogenic proteins were reduced after laser treatment, although the number of melanocytes was unchanged even in hypopigmented areas. Based on these results, we believe that repeated application of low thermal energy via QSNY laser may result in damage to melanocytes and long-lasting hypopigmentation.
TV white space databases: Algorithms for the calculation of maximum permitted radiated power levels

The UK and European framework for access to the UHF TV band by white space devices (WSDs) is predicated on the availability of instructions from white space databases (WSDBs) which specify location-specific maximum permitted WSD radiated power levels. These levels are calculated in such a way so as to afford protection to the digital terrestrial TV (DTT) service in terms of a maximum permitted degradation in DTT location probability. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we present an approach for the calculation of DTT location probability which improves considerably on the accuracy of the technique commonly used for this purpose. Secondly, we present a novel methodology for the calculation of the maximum permitted WSD EIRP, subject to a target degradation in location probability. We show that, despite its low computational efficiency, the methodology generates results which compare favorably with those generated via brute-force Monte Carlo simulations. Both presented techniques are suitable for implementation in TV white space databases.
Detecting abnormal operating performance : The empirical power and specification of test statistics

This research evaluates methods used in event studies that employ accounting-based measures of operating performance. We examine the choice of an accounting-based performance measure, a statistical test, and a model of expected operating performance. We document the impact of these choices on the test statistics designed to detect abnormal operating performance. We find that commonly used research designs yield test statistics that are misspecified in cases where sample firms have performed either unusually well or poorly. In this sampling situation, the test statistics are only well specified when sample firms are matched to control firms of similar pre-event performance. Key wovds: Operating performance; Event studies; Return on assets; Return on sales JEL &ss$cation: G30
User Acceptance of Internet Banking In Malaysia: Test of Three Competing Models

This study aims to investigate factor(s) which influence the user intention to use Internet banking. It compares the explanatory power of three well known technology adoption models (TAM, TPB and TRA). These models were used to test the impact of five factors (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) on intention to adopt internet banking by 239 individual bank customers in Malaysia. Results reveal that the five factors have a direct positive effect on behavioral intention to use. However, attitude toward behavior has the highest effect, followed by perceived usefulness, and subjective norm, while perceived behavioral control exerts the weakest effect. Results also found TPB model has the best explanatory power, followed by TRA and TAM models. Findings of the study should benefit banks in improving their use of e-banking technologies as a strategic weapon, and can be used to target more potential customers.