LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Long-term influence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus on refraction and its components: a population based twin study.

AIM
To study whether refraction of the eye, or some of its components is influenced by duration of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
From the young cohort of the population based Danish Twin Register, containing 20,888 twin pairs born between 1953 and 1982, all twin pairs having one or both partners affected with IDDM were searched. Autorefraction, autokeratometry, and ultrasonic biometric measurements were carried out on 45 twin pairs: 16 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 14 dizygotic twin pairs of same sex (DZss), and 15 dizygotic twin pairs of opposite sex (DZos). To obtain an estimate of the influence of duration of diabetes, the intrapair differences in duration of diabetes were correlated with intrapair differences in refraction and each of its components.


RESULTS
Refraction was statistically significantly negatively correlated with duration of diabetes in the DZss group, and axial length correspondingly positively correlated. Surprisingly, refraction and axial length in the MZ group, adjusted for confounding factors, were correlated with diabetes duration in the opposite direction than in the DZss group, although not reaching statistical significance. Lens thickness was statistically significantly positively correlated with duration of diabetes in both MZ and DZ twins. Anterior chamber depth was negatively correlated with duration of diabetes in all the zygosity groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Studies of relations between refraction and duration of diabetes show diverging results. In the MZ group, a tendency to reduced axial length and corresponding hyperopia with increasing duration of diabetes was found. However, in the DZ group of same sex the opposite tendency was found. Increasing lens thickness and decreasing anterior chamber depth with increasing duration of diabetes have been confirmed in this study.
Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of honey associated with dielectric heating

Dielectric properties of pure yellow-locust and jujube honey and their water solutions at seven final water content levels from 17.4% to 42.6% were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe from 10 to 4500 MHz at 20–80 C. The results showed that the dielectric constants of pure honey increased with increasing temperature when frequency was above 40 MHz. For honey solutions, the dielectric constant decreased with increasing temperature at the lower frequencies, but increased at the higher frequencies. At any given water content, the relaxation frequency shifted to a higher frequency with increasing temperature, while the loss factor peaks showed little change. There was a strong negative linear correlation between penetration depth and frequency in log–log plot for pure honey at 20–80 C. The research will be helpful in developing effective honey pasteurization processes with radio-frequency and microwave dielectric heating. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of exercise order on maximum strength and muscle thickness in untrained men.

Traditional exercise order dictates large muscle group or multijoint exercises should be performed before small muscle group or single joint exercises. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise order on strength and muscle thickness (MT) in untrained men after 12 weeks of linear periodized resistance training. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups. One group began with large and progressed toward small muscle group exercises (LG-SM) while another started with small and advanced to large muscle group exercises (SM-LG). The exercise order for LG-SM was bench press (BP), lat pull-down (LPD), triceps extension (TE), and biceps curl (BC). The order for the SM-LG was BC, TE, LPD, and BP. The third group served as a control group (CG). Training frequency was two sessions/week with at least 72 hours between sessions. One repetition maximum (1RM) for all exercises, biceps and triceps MT (assessed by ultrasound techniques) were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, all exercises for both training groups presented significant 1RM strength gains when compared to CG with exception of BC in LG-SM. Between baseline and post training, all exercises for both training groups presented significant strength gains with exception of BC in LG-SM and BP in SM-LG. Triceps MT for both training groups were significantly higher when compared to the CG, but with no significant differences between them (p > 0.05). Significant differences in MT from pre- to post-training were found only for the SM-LG group (p < 0.05), while the biceps MT presented significant differences only between LG-SM and CG (p < 0.05), Effect size data demonstrated differences in 1RM and triceps MT based on exercise order. In conclusion, if an exercise is important for specific training goals, it should be performed at the beginning of the training session, whether or not it is a large or a small muscle group exercise. Key pointsThe two linear periodized resistance training programs utilized promotes strength and muscle volume gains in untrained men.Exercise order may be particularly important to improve strength during 12 weeks of linear periodized resistance training.If an exercise is important for the training goals of a program, then it should be placed at the beginning of the training session, whether or not it is a large or a small muscle group exercise.
An Exercise in Program Explanation

An algorithm tha t computes the set of prime numbers less than or equal to some given n _ 2 is developed and explained in this paper. The algorithm employs a variation of the sieve technique; however, every nonprime is generated and removed precisely once from the set, resulting in an algorithm with running time linear in n. This efficiency is achieved at the expense of maintaining a more complex data structure and assuming tha t multiplication (of positive integers smaller than n) requires unit time. The algorithm is simpler to explain and prove than a linear algorithm appearing in [1]. The purpose of this note is to show how a combinat ion of program-proving ideas and stepwise refinement can be used to describe and explain an algori thm completely. The explanation is given by first postulating a suitable invariant. Hypothesizing an invariant is one of the most creative tasks in program construction; however, program construction becomes almost purely mechanical given a suitable invariant. The explanation given here is adequate for a reader to construct his own formal proof. For this problem Pri tchard [4] reports an asymptotical ly sublinear algorithm which uses no multiplication.
Evaluation and Design of Filters Using a Taylor Series Expansion

We describe a new method for analyzing, classifying, and evaluating filters that can be applied to interpolation filters as well as to arbitrary derivative filters of any order. Our analysis is based on the Taylor series expansion of the convolution sum. Our analysis shows the need and derives the method for the normalization of derivative filter weights. Under certain minimal restrictions of the underlying function, we are able to compute tight absolute error bounds of the reconstruction process. We demonstrate the utilization of our methods to the analysis of the class of cubic BC-spline filters. As our technique is not restricted to interpolation filters, we are able to show that the Catmull-Rom spline filter and its derivative are the most accurate reconstruction and derivative filters, respectively, among the class of BC-spline filters. We also present a new derivative filter which features better spatial accuracy than any derivative BC-spline filter, and is optimal within our framework. We conclude by demonstrating the use of these optimal filters for accurate interpolation and gradient estimation in volume rendering. Index Terms —Interpolation filters, derivative filters, filter design, normal estimation, gradient estimation, normalization of filters, Taylor series expansion, volume rendering, cubic filters. —————————— ✦ ——————————
A Kernel Test of Goodness of Fit

We propose a nonparametric statistical test for goodness-of-fit: given a set of samples, the test determines how likely it is that these were generated from a target density function. The measure of goodness-of-fit is a divergence constructed via Stein’s method using functions from a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Our test statistic is based on an empirical estimate of this divergence, taking the form of a V-statistic in terms of the gradients of the log target density and of the kernel. We derive a statistical test, both for i.i.d. and non-i.i.d. samples, where we estimate the null distribution quantiles using a wild bootstrap procedure. We apply our test to quantifying convergence of approximate Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, statistical model criticism, and evaluating quality of fit vs model complexity in nonparametric density estimation.
Factorization and Momentum-Space Resummation in Deep-Inelastic Scattering

Renormalization-group methods in soft-collinear effective theory are used to perform the resummation of large perturbative logarithms for deep-inelastic scattering in the threshold region x → 1. The factorization theorem for the structure function F2(x,Q) for x→ 1 is rederived in the effective theory, whereby contributions from the hard scale Q2 and the jet scale Q2(1 − x) are encoded in Wilson coefficients of effective-theory operators. Resummation is achieved by solving the evolution equations for these operators. Simple analytic results for the resummed expressions are obtained directly in momentum space, and are free of the Landau-pole singularities inherent to the traditional momentspace results. We show analytically that the two methods are nonetheless equivalent order by order in the perturbative expansion, and perform a numerical comparison up to next-to-next-to-leading order in renormalization-group improved perturbation theory.
Palladium-mediated chemistry in living cells.

Bioorthogonal metal catalysed chemistry is the application of biocompatible transition metals to catalyse conventional synthetic organic chemistry reactions within a biological environment. Over the past decade, metals which were previously restricted to conventional organic synthesis have begun to be used in an increasing number of biological settings. This has been dominated by copper mediated catalysis of the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (1,3-dipolar addition) chemistry but other, less toxic, metals such as palladium are now beginning to establish themselves in the chemical biology/chemical medicine arenas. The potential of palladium mediated chemistry in living systems now ranges from protein modifications to in cellulo synthesis or activation of drugs and suggests that palladium chemistry has the potential to become a powerful tool. In this review we highlight recent advances in Pd-mediated reactions in living systems.
Magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of nickel ferrite–lead iron niobate relaxor composites

Abstract Magnetoelectric effect in bulk ceramic and multilayer (laminated) structures consisting of 6 nickel ferrite and 7 lead iron niobate relaxor (PFN) layers was investigated. This paper describes the synthesis and tape-casting process for ferrimagnetic Ni 0.3 Zn 0.62 Cu 0.08 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite and multiferroic relaxor Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 . X-ray analysis and studies of the electrical and magnetic properties were performed for bulk and layered composites. Complex impedance and dielectric permittivity of bulk and layered composites were studied in a temperature range from −40 to 300 °C and a frequency range of 10 Hz to 2 MHz. Magnetic hysteresis, ZFC–FC curves and dependencies of magnetization versus temperature for nickel ferrite, PFN relaxor and magnetoelectric composites were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) in an applied magnetic field up to 85 kOe at −269 °C. Magnetoelectric effect at room temperature was investigated as a function of static magnetic field (0.3–6.5 kOe).
High school students' sports personalities: Variations across participation level, gender, type of sport, and success

Personality has become an increasingly important area in sport psychology as attempts are made to understand, explain, and predict levels of sporting involvement and success. To further understand these relationships, 312 Grade 11 and 12 students completed a battery of personality and mood-state inventories consisting of the STAI, EPQ and POMS, and were then categorized by (i) participation in sport, (ii) type of sport played, and (iii) level of success experienced. A MANOVA indicated that sports participants exhibited significantly different personality profiles from non-participantsunivariate tests showed that the participants were more extraverted and vigorous, and less anxious, neurotic, depressed and confused. Gender differences noted for sports participants continued across type of sport and success level. Elite athletes were found to have a mood profile significantly different from non-elite athletes, and almost congruent with Morgan's (1980) "iceberg" profile. Results support the view that sports participation is associated with positive mental health.
Visually guided grasping in unstructured environments

We present simple and robust algorithms which use uncalibrated stereo vision to enable a robot manipulator to locate, reach and grasp unmodelled objects in unstructured environments. In the rst stage, an operator indicates the object to be grasped by simply pointing at it. Next, the vision system segments the indicated object from the background, and plans a suitable grasp strategy. Finally, the robotic arm reaches out towards the object and executes the grasp. Uncalibrated stereo vision allows the system to continue to operate in the presence of errors in the kinematics of the robot manipulator and unknown changes in the position, orientation and intrinsic parameters of the stereo cameras during operation.
3x+1 dynamics on rationals with fixed denominator

We propose the existence of an infinite class of exact analogues of the 3x+1 conjecture for rational numbers with fixed denominators. For some other denominators, there are several attracting cycles, which exhibit scaling and covariance phenomena. We analyze these phenomena in terms of results of Bohm, Sontacchi and Lagarias.
Augmented reality in healthcare education: an integrative review

Background. The effective development of healthcare competencies poses great educational challenges. A possible approach to provide learning opportunities is the use of augmented reality (AR) where virtual learning experiences can be embedded in a real physical context. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in terms of user acceptance, the AR applications developed and the effect of AR on the development of competencies in healthcare. Methods. We conducted an integrative review. Integrative reviews are the broadest type of research review methods allowing for the inclusion of various research designs to more fully understand a phenomenon of concern. Our review included multi-disciplinary research publications in English reported until 2012. Results. 2529 research papers were found from ERIC, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Springer-link. Three qualitative, 20 quantitative and 2 mixed studies were included. Using a thematic analysis, we've described three aspects related to the research, technology and education. This study showed that AR was applied in a wide range of topics in healthcare education. Furthermore acceptance for AR as a learning technology was reported among the learners and its potential for improving different types of competencies. Discussion. AR is still considered as a novelty in the literature. Most of the studies reported early prototypes. Also the designed AR applications lacked an explicit pedagogical theoretical framework. Finally the learning strategies adopted were of the traditional style 'see one, do one and teach one' and do not integrate clinical competencies to ensure patients' safety.
Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence: A Threat or Savior?

argumentation Involving formal logic, theorem proof, and based on the notion of argument acceptance and attack CISpaces, Carneades Araucaria and various others Story-based argumentation Abduction-based reasoning about hypothetical stories explaining the evidence Bex’s research on design; AVERS Hybrid methods Combination of logic and probability or belief Assumption based probability/ belief based argumentation. (A probabilistic extension of abstract argumentation.) Conjunction of uncertain assumptions to define arguments and disjunction of arguments Assigning probabilities/beliefs to assumptions ABEL Belief-story based argumentation Observations are explained by hypothetical stories Uncertain arguments based on evidence are combined to support alternative stories and select the most credible one (abductions) This was the goal or the research described in this chapter aSee later discussion on Prototypes for citations J. Llinas et al.
Randomized trial of the addition of ipratropium bromide to albuterol and corticosteroid therapy in children hospitalized because of an acute asthma exacerbation.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the addition of inhaled ipratropium bromide to inhaled albuterol and systemic corticosteroid therapy was more efficacious than inhaled albuterol and systemic corticosteroids alone in the inpatient treatment of acute asthma exacerbations in children.


DESIGN
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.


SETTING
Pediatric inpatient unit of a tertiary urban hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
Eighty children (aged 1-18 years) hospitalized because of an acute asthma exacerbation.


INTERVENTION
Children were randomized to receive either nebulized ipratropium bromide, 250 microg, or nebulized isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mL. All children received albuterol and systemic corticosteroids.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome variable was a validated clinical asthma score, measured at baseline and every 6 hours for 36 hours. Secondary outcome measures included the forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the oxygen saturation, the number of doses of inhaled study drug, the time to an inhaled drug-dosing interval of 4 hours, and the length of the hospital stay.


RESULTS
There were no differences between groups on baseline characteristics. The intention-to-treat analysis, using repeated-measures analysis of variance, showed no significant (P =.07) difference between the groups in the clinical asthma score over time. There were also no significant differences between groups on secondary outcomes.


CONCLUSION
The addition of nebulized ipratropium bromide to nebulized beta(2)-agonist and corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of children hospitalized because of asthma (following intensive emergency department treatment) confers no extra benefit.
Ticagrelor increases adenosine plasma concentration in patients with an acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the impact of ticagrelor on adenosine plasma concentration (APC) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.


BACKGROUND
Ticagrelor is a direct-acting P2Y12-adenosine diphosphate receptor blocker. The clinical benefit of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in ACS patients suggests that the drug has non-platelet-directed properties. Animal and in vitro models suggested that the "pleiotropic" properties of ticagrelor may be related to an interaction with adenosine metabolism.


METHODS
We prospectively randomized 60 ACS patients to receive ticagrelor or clopidogrel. The APC was measured by liquid chromatography. To assess the mechanism of APC variation, we measured adenosine deaminase concentration, adenosine uptake by red blood cells, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by cells overexpressing adenosine receptors. The P2Y12-adenosine diphosphate receptor blockade was assessed by the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein index.


RESULTS
Patients receiving ticagrelor had significantly higher APC than patients receiving clopidogrel (1.5 μM [interquartile range: 0.98 to 1.7 μM] vs. 0.68 μM [interquartile range: 0.49 to 0.78 μM]; p < 0.01). The APC was not correlated with vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p = 0.16). Serum-containing ticagrelor inhibited adenosine uptake by red blood cells compared with clopidogrel or controls (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Adenosine deaminase activity was similar in serum of patients receiving clopidogrel or ticagrelor (p = 0.1). Ticagrelor and clopidogrel had no direct impact on adenosine receptors (p = not significant).


CONCLUSIONS
Ticagrelor increases APC in ACS patients compared with clopidogrel by inhibiting adenosine uptake by red blood cells.
Gender Disparity in STEM Disciplines: A Study of Faculty Attrition and Turnover Intentions

This study examines the underrepresentation of women faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by comparing the intentions of attrition and turnover between genders in Research and Doctoral universities. It is found that the two genders did not differ in their intentions to depart from academia, but women faculty had a significantly higher likelihood to change positions within academia. The indications are that women and men are equally committed to their academic careers in STEM; nonetheless, women’s stronger turnover intentions are highly correlated with dissatisfaction with research support, advancement opportunities, and free expression of ideas. The findings suggest that the underrepresentation of women is more convincingly explained by an academic culture that provides women fewer opportunities, limited support, and inequity in leadership, rather than by gender-based differences such as roles in family responsibilities. Changes in academic STEM culture are needed in order to attract more women scientists and narrow the current gender gap.
Theories of lexical semantics

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LibGuides: HIS H218 African American History: Find Books

This course will utilize historical, sociological, and cultural perspectives in the
analysis of the current status of African-Americans in the United States. The
quest for equality, problems and prospects, and the role of African-Americans. Books in our library