LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Authentic assessment of teaching in context

The demands of teaching more challenging content to more diverse learners suggest a need for teacher education that enables teachers to become more sophisticated in their understanding of the e!ects of context and learner variability on teaching and learning. Instead of implementing set routines, teachers need to become ever more skillful in their ability to evaluate teaching situations and develop teaching responses that can be e!ective under di!erent circumstances. This article examines how a growing number of teacher education programs are using authentic assessments of teaching } cases, exhibitions, portfolios, and problem-based inquiries (or action research) } as tools to support teacher learning for these new challenges of practice. Using speci"c teacher education programs as examples, the article examines how and why these strategies appear to provide support for teacher learning and avenues for more valid assessment of teaching. The authors also discuss circumstances in which these strategies may be less e!ective and suggest features of the assessments and programmatic contexts that are associated with more and less successful use. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PalmType: Using Palms as Keyboards for Smart Glasses

We present PalmType, which uses palms as interactive keyboards for smart wearable displays, such as Google Glass. PalmType leverages users' innate ability to pinpoint specific areas of their palms and fingers without visual attention (i.e. proprioception), and provides visual feedback via the wearable displays. With wrist-worn sensors and wearable displays, PalmType enables typing without requiring users to hold any devices and does not require visual attention to their hands. We conducted design sessions with 6 participants to see how users map QWERTY layout to their hands based on their proprioception. To evaluate typing performance and preference, we conducted a 12-person user study using Google Glass and Vicon motion tracking system, which showed that PalmType with optimized QWERTY layout is 39% faster than current touchpad-based keyboards. In addition, PalmType is preferred by 92% of the participants. We demonstrate the feasibility of wearable PalmType by building a prototype that uses a wrist-worn array of 15 infrared sensors to detect users' finger position and taps, and provides visual feedback via Google Glass.
Connected domination in fuzzy graphs using strong arcs

Abstract. In this paper, connected domination in fuzzy graphs using strong arcs is introduced. The strong connected domination number of different classes of fuzzy graphs is obtained. An upper bound for the strong connected domination number of fuzzy graphs is obtained. Strong connected domination in fuzzy trees is studied. It is established that the set of fuzzy cut nodes of a fuzzy tree is a strong connected dominating set. It is proved that in a fuzzy tree each node of a strong connected dominating set is incident on a fuzzy bridge. Also the characteristic properties of the existence of strong connected dominating set for a fuzzy graph and its complement are established.
Preregistration house officers in eight English regions: survey of quality of training.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the quality of preregistration house officer training in eight English regions.


DESIGN
Postal questionnaire.


SETTING
Thames, East Anglian, Mersey, Northern, and Wessex regions.


PARTICIPANTS
1670 preregistration house officers.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Education, hours of work, workload, conditions of work, and attitudes to job and medicine as a career.


RESULTS
Response rate was 69% (1146 replies). Most house officers had attended induction courses (1036/1129 (92%)); 74% (757/1024) found them satisfactory. The proportions who had never received adequate guidance on how to break bad news and how to control pain were 59% (670/1135) and 56% (634/1136) respectively. There was much variation between regions. Overall, 65% (736/1138) reported confidence in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most respondents (95% (1089/1142)) worked an on call rota, 3% (36) a partial shift, and 0.6% (seven) a full shift; 19% (202) were on duty for average weekly hours that exceeded the targets for 1 April 1993. House officers had a median of 20 patients under their care and clerked a median of 10 emergency cases, six routine cases, and two day cases a week. Over half (690/1128 (61%)) could not obtain hot food after 8 pm, 20% (223/1095) did not always have clean sheets available in their on call room, and 45% (462/1036) did not consider the protection of staff against violence to be adequate at their hospital. The most important problems with the preregistration year were inappropriate or non-medical tasks (ranked first by 360 respondents), hours of work (359), and pay for out of hours work (167). Overall 57% (646/1125) would encourage a friend to apply for their post, but only 24% (266/1112) would encourage a friend to take up medicine and 44% (494/1112) would discourage the idea.


CONCLUSIONS
House officers' training is deficient in important respects, with inappropriate tasks and heavy clinical workloads impeding the provision of proper education.
The effect of cycle ergometer exercise training on improvement of exercise capacity in patients after myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
Cardiac rehabilitation in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) is a component of secondary prevention that has an established role in the current guidelines.


AIM
To determine the effect of physical training on exercise capacity parameters determined on the basis of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients after MI. We also evaluated the relationship between the number of training sessions and exercise capacity.


METHODS
We prospectively evaluated 52 patients after MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery. At the start of the training, patients had no symptoms of heart failure and coronary artery disease. Electrocardiographic exercise test was performed 4 to 6 weeks after MI, followed by CPET in patients with a negative stress test. After determination of the initial exercise capacity, patients underwent 12 training sessions on a cycle ergometer with a workload determined on the basis of anaerobic threshold or heart rate reserve. After 12 training sessions, CPET was performed, followed by another 12 training sessions and a follow-up CPET.


RESULTS
All patients showed a significant increase in exercise capacity parameters: energy expenditure during CPET increased from 9.39 to 11.79 METs, peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) increased from 32.32 to 39.25 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001), and oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold increased from 18.34 to 24.65 mL/kg min (p < 0.001). The initial 12 training sessions resulted in a statistically significant increase in VO₂peak from 32.32 to 36.75 mL/kg/min (p = 0.003), while subsequent 12 training sessions were related with an insignificant increase in VO₂peak from 36.75 to 39.25 mL/kg/min (p = 0.065).


CONCLUSIONS
Regular physical activity improves exercise capacity as measured by CPET. A statistically significant improvement in exercise capacity was seen already after initial 12 training sessions, while another 12 training sessions were associated with smaller benefits.
2D and 3D face recognition: A survey

Government agencies are investing a considerable amount of resources into improving security systems as result of recent terrorist events that dangerously exposed flaws and weaknesses in today’s safety mechanisms. Badge or password-based authentication procedures are too easy to hack. Biometrics represents a valid alternative but they suffer of drawbacks as well. Iris scanning, for example, is very reliable but too intrusive; fingerprints are socially accepted, but not applicable to non-consentient people. On the other hand, face recognition represents a good compromise between what’s socially acceptable and what’s reliable, even when operating under controlled conditions. In last decade, many algorithms based on linear/nonlinear methods, neural networks, wavelets, etc. have been proposed. Nevertheless, Face Recognition Vendor Test 2002 shown that most of these approaches encountered problems in outdoor conditions. This lowered their reliability compared to state of the art biometrics. This paper provides an ‘‘ex cursus’’ of recent face recognition research trends in 2D imagery and 3D model based algorithms. To simplify comparisons across different approaches, tables containing different collection of parameters (such as input size, recognition rate, number of addressed problems) are provided. This paper concludes by proposing possible future directions. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Geocache: Sharing and Exchanging Road Traffic Information Using Peer-to-Peer Vehicular Communication

Road traffic congestion in urban areas and metropolitan cities is becoming nowadays an increasingly critical issue. With the advances in wireless technologies and the emergence of vehicle to vehicle communication techniques, new research studies are carried out to develop new applications and services over vehicular ad hoc networks for road safety and road traffic management. In this paper we present a peer-to-peer VANET application for sharing and exchanging road traffic information which allows vehicles to detect and avoid road congestion. We designed a pull-based geocast protocol which allows vehicles to cooperatively collect and disseminate data in an efficient way. This protocol is integrated with a caching mechanism which reduces the amount of information exchanged between vehicles. We show that despite the use of caching, we managed to preserve the accuracy of the traffic information collected and obtain equivalent results for the overall road traffic congestion reduction.
Marketing mix, customer value, and customer loyalty in social commerce: A stimulus-organism-response perspective

Purpose – Based on stimulus-organism-response model, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model to explore the effects of six marketing-mix components (stimuli) on consumer loyalty (response) through consumer value (organism) in social commerce (SC). Design/methodology/approach – In order to target online social buyers, a web-based survey was employed. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) is used to analyze valid data from 599 consumers who have repurchase experience via Facebook. Findings – The results from PLS analysis show that all components of SC marketing mix (SCMM) have significant effects on SC consumer value. Moreover, SC customer value positively influences SC customer loyalty (CL). Research limitations/implications – The data for this study are collected from Facebook only and the sample size is limited; thus, replication studies are needed to improve generalizability and data representativeness of the study. Moreover, longitudinal studies are needed to verify the causality among the constructs in the proposed research model. Practical implications – SC sellers should implement more effective SCMM strategies to foster SC CL through better SCMM decisions. Social implications – The SCMM components represent the collective benefits of social interaction, exemplifying the importance of effective communication and interaction among SC customers. Originality/value – This study develops a parsimonious model to explain the over-arching effects of SCMM components on CL in SC mediated by customer value. It confirms that utilitarian, hedonic, and social values can be applied to online SC and that SCMM can be leveraged to achieve these values.
Assessment of use of specific features of subcutaneous insulin infusion systems and their relationship to metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) have available several specific features of these devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between real use of them and the degree of glycemic control in patients using this therapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty-four T1DM patients on CSII therapy with or without real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were included. Data from 14 consecutive days were retrospectively collected using the therapy management software CareLink Personal/Pro(®) and HbA1c measurement performed at that period. The relationship between the frequency of usie of specific features of insulin pumps (non-sensor augmented or sensor-augmented) and glycemic control was analyzed.


RESULTS
Mean HbA1c in the group was 7.5 ± .8%. Mean daily number of boluses administered was 5.1 ± 1.8, with 75.4% of them being bolus wizards (BW). Daily number of boluses was significantly greater in patients with HbA1c <7.5% than in those with HbA1c>7.5% (5.3 ± 1.6 vs. 4.3 ± 1.6, P=.056). There was a trend to greater use of BW in patients with better control (82.8 ± 21.4% vs. 69.9 ± 29.1%, P=.106). HbA1c was lower in patients using CGM (n=8) as compared to those not using sensor-augmented pumps (7.6 ± .8 vs 7.1 ± .7, P=.067), but the difference was not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
More frequent use of BW appears to be associated to better metabolic control in patients with T1DM using pump therapy. In standard clinical practice, augmentation of insulin pump with CGM may be associated to improved glycemic control.
A phase 1 study of OSI-211 given as an intravenous infusion days 1, 2, and 3 every three weeks in patients with solid cancers

Purpose: To define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RD) and dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of liposomal lurtotecan, OSI-211 (formerly known as NX211), given as a short intravenous infusion on days 1, 2, and 3 every three weeks. Experimental design: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled and treated in a dose escalation study from a starting dose of 0.15 mg/m2 daily × 3 to 2.1 mg/m2 daily × 3. Detailed pharmacokinetic analyses of blood were done on both days 1 and 3 of the first cycle and toxicity was monitored. Results: Two MTDs were defined; one for patients defined as minimally pretreated and one for those heavily pretreated. Dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression: primarily thrombocytopenia although neutropenia was also noted. The MTD was 2.1 mg/m2/d (total dose of 6.3 mg/m2) in minimally pretreated patients and 1.8 mg/m2/d (5.4 mg/m2 total dose) in heavily pretreated patients. Pharmacokinetics revealed that AUC and C max increased with dose and were significantly higher than that of free lurtotecan (AUC approx. 100 fold higher). The half life and duration of the active lactone form were also significantly longer than historical data on free drug. Two partial responses were seen, one each in a patient with breast and ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Two Phase II recommended doses were established for OSI-211 given as a daily × 3 schedule every three weeks. The recommended phase II dose is 1.8 mg/m2 daily × 3 for minimally pretreated patients and 1.5 mg/m2 for those heavily pretreated. Phase II studies should be initiated in sensitive tumours.
Male veterans with complicated urinary tract infections: Influence of a patient-centered antimicrobial stewardship program.

BACKGROUND
The influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) on outcomes in male veterans treated for complicated urinary tract infection has not been determined.


METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study encompassing the study period January 1, 2005-October 31, 2014, which was conducted at a 150-bed Veterans Affairs Healthcare System facility in Buffalo, NY. Male veterans admitted for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Outcomes before and after implementation of a patient-centered ASP, including duration of antibiotic therapy, length of hospitalization, readmission within 30 days, and Clostridium difficile infection were compared. Interventions resulting from the ASP were categorized.


RESULTS
Of the 1,268 patients screened, 241 met criteria for inclusion in the study (n = 118 and n = 123 in the pre-ASP and ASP group, respectively). Duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter in the ASP group (10.32 days vs 11.96 days; P < .0001), as was length of hospitalization (5.76 days vs 6.76 days; P = .015). There was no difference in 30-day readmission. A total of 170 interventions were identified that resulted from the ASP (1.39 interventions per patient).


CONCLUSIONS
ASPs may be useful to improve clinical outcomes in men with complicated urinary tract infection. Implementation of an ASP was associated with significant decreases in duration of antibiotic therapy and length of hospitalization, without adversely affecting 30-day readmission rates.
Open and closed-circuit endotracheal suctioning in acute lung injury: efficiency and effects on gas exchange.

BACKGROUND
Closed-circuit endotracheal suctioning (CES) is advocated for preventing hypoxemia caused by the loss of lung volume resulting from open endotracheal suctioning (OES). However, the efficiency of CES and OES on tracheal secretion removal has never been compared in patients with acute lung injury. The authors designed a two-part study aimed at comparing gas exchange and efficiency between OES and CES performed at two levels of negative pressure.


METHODS
Among 18 patients with acute lung injury, 9 underwent CES and OES at 3-h intervals in a random order using a negative pressure of -200 mmHg. Nine other patients underwent CES twice using two levels of negative pressure (-200 and -400 mmHg) applied in a random order. After each CES, a recruitment maneuver was performed using 20 consecutive hyperinflations. Tracheal aspirates were weighed after each suctioning procedure. Arterial blood gases were continuously recorded using an intravascular sensor.


RESULTS
Open endotracheal suctioning induced a significant 18% decrease in arterial oxygen tension (Pa(O2)) (range, +13 to -71%) and an 8% increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa(CO2)) (range, -2 to +16%) that persisted 15 min after the end of the procedure. CES using -200 cm H2O did not change Pa(O2), but tracheal aspirate mass was lower compared with OES (0.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.2 +/- 5.1 g; P = 0.03). Increasing negative pressure to -400 cm H2O during CES did not change Pa(O2) but increased the tracheal aspirate mass (1.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.3 g; P = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Closed-circuit endotracheal suctioning followed by a recruitment maneuver prevents hypoxemia resulting from OES but decreases secretion removal. Increasing suctioning pressure enhances suctioning efficiency without impairing gas exchange.
Pain Does Autonomic Neuropathy Influence Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy Success in Diabetic Patients with Critical Lower Limb Ischemia ?

METHODS Sixty consecutive diabetic patients (15 with early and 13 with definite and/or combined autonomic neuropathy) with an ankle/brachial systolic pressure index (ABI) less than 0.20 6 0.08, underwent spinal cord stimulation after failed conservative or surgical treatment. The neuropathic status of the patients was evaluated before implantation and pedal TcpO2 measurements on the dorsum of the foot were performed.
Restenosis after carotid angioplasty, stenting, or endarterectomy in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS) patients with carotid stenosis were randomized between endovascular treatment and endarterectomy. The rates of residual severe stenosis and restenosis and their contribution to recurrent symptoms was unclear.


METHODS
Endovascular patients were treated by balloon angioplasty alone (88%) or stenting (22%). Patches were used in 63% of endarterectomy patients. Carotid stenosis was categorized as mild (0% to 49%), moderate (50% to 69%), severe (70% to 99%), or occluded, using standardized Doppler ultrasound criteria at the examination closest to 1 month (n=283) and 1 year (n=347) after treatment. Recurrent cerebrovascular symptoms during follow-up were analyzed.


RESULTS
More patients had > or =70% stenosis of the ipsilateral carotid artery 1 year after endovascular treatment than after endarterectomy (18.5% versus 5.2%, P=0.0001). Residual severe stenosis was present in 6.5% of patients at 1 month after endovascular treatment. Between 1 month and 1 year, restenosis to > or =70% stenosis occurred in 10.5% of the endovascular group. After endarterectomy, 1.7% had residual severe stenosis at 1 month, and 2.5% developed severe restenosis. The results were significantly better after stenting compared with angioplasty alone at 1 month (P<0.001) but not at 1 year. Recurrent ipsilateral symptoms were more common in endovascular patients with severe stenosis (5/32 [15.6%]) compared with lesser degrees of stenosis at 1 year (11/141 [7.8%], P=0.02), but most were transient ischemic attacks and none were disabling or fatal strokes. There were no recurrent symptoms in the 9 endarterectomy patients with > or =70% stenosis at 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
Carotid stenosis 1 year after endovascular treatment is partly explained by poor initial anatomical results and partly by restenosis. The majority of patients were treated by angioplasty without stenting. Further randomized studies are required to determine whether newer carotid stenting techniques are associated with a lower risk of restenosis. The low rate of recurrent stroke in both endovascular and endarterectomy patients suggests that treatment of restenosis should be limited to patients with recurrent symptoms, but long term follow up data are required.
Display-camera calibration using eye reflections and geometry constraints

In this paper, we describe a novel method for calibrating display-camera setups from reflections in a user’s eyes. Combining both devices creates a capable controlled illumination system that enables a range of interesting vision applications in non-professional environments, including object/face reconstruction and human–computer interaction. One major issue barring such systems from average homes is the geometric calibration to obtain the pose of the display which requires special hardware and tedious user interaction. Our proposed approach eliminates this requirement by introducing the novel idea of analyzing screen reflections in the cornea of the human eye, a mirroring device that is always available. We employ a simple shape model to recover pose and reflection characteristics of the eye. Thorough experimental evaluation shows that the basic strategy results in a large error and discusses possible reasons. Based on the findings, a non-linear optimization strategy is developed that exploits geometry constraints within the system to considerably improve the initial estimate. It further allows to automatically resolve an inherent ambiguity that arises in image-based eye pose estimation. The strategy may also be integrated to improve spherical mirror calibration. We describe several comprehensive experimental studies which show that the proposed method performs stably with respect to varying subjects, display poses, eye positions, and gaze directions. The results are feasible and should be sufficient for many applications. In addition, the findings provide general insight on the application of eye reflections for geometric reconstruction. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.