LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Involving the Eye and Ocular Adnexa: Tumor Control, Visual Outcomes, and Globe Salvage in 30 Patients.

PURPOSE
To report clinical features and treatment outcomes of ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG).


DESIGN
Retrospective case series.


PARTICIPANTS
There were 32 tumors in 31 eyes of 30 patients with ocular JXG.


METHODS
Review of medical records.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Tumor control, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity.


RESULTS
The mean patient age at presentation was 51 months (median, 15 months; range, 1-443 months). Eye redness (12/30, 40%) and hyphema (4/30, 13%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Cutaneous JXG was concurrently present in 3 patients (3/30, 10%), and spinal JXG was present in 1 patient (1/30, 3%). The ocular tissue affected by JXG included the iris (21/31, 68%), conjunctiva (6/31, 19%), eyelid (2/31, 6%), choroid (2/31, 6%), and orbit (1/31, 3%). Those with iris JXG presented at a median age of 13 months compared with 30 months for those with conjunctival JXG. In the iris JXG group, mean IOP was 19 mmHg (median, 18 mmHg; range, 11-30 mmHg) and hyphema was noted in 8 eyes (8/21, 38%). The iris tumor was nodular (16/21, 76%) or diffuse (5/21, 24%). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used in 10 cases and confirmed JXG cytologically in all cases. The iris lesion was treated with topical (18/21, 86%) and/or periocular (4/21, 19%) corticosteroids. The eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbital JXG were treated with excisional biopsy in 5 patients (5/9, 56%), topical corticosteroids in 2 patients (2/9, 22%), and observation in 2 patients (2/9, 22%). Of 28 patients with a mean follow-up of 15 months (median, 6 months; range, 1-68 months), tumor regression was achieved in all cases, without recurrence. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Upon follow-up of the iris JXG group, visual acuity was stable or improved (18/19 patients, 95%) and IOP was controlled long-term without medication (14/21 patients, 74%). No eyes were managed with enucleation.


CONCLUSIONS
Ocular JXG preferentially affects the iris and is often isolated without cutaneous involvement. Iris JXG responds to topical or periocular corticosteroids, often with stabilization or improvement of vision and IOP.
Robust and continuous estimation of driver gaze zone by dynamic analysis of multiple face videos

Analysis of driver's head behavior is an integral part of driver monitoring system. Driver's coarse gaze direction or gaze zone is a very important cue in understanding driver-state. Many existing gaze zone estimators are, however, limited to single camera perspectives, which are vulnerable to occlusions of facial features from spatially large head movements away from the frontal pose. Non-frontal glances away from the driving direction, though, are of special interest as interesting events, critical to driver safety, occur during those times. In this paper, we present a distributed camera framework for gaze zone estimation using head pose dynamics to operate robustly and continuously even during large head movements. For experimental evaluations, we collected a dataset from naturalistic on-road driving in urban streets and freeways. A human expert provided the gaze zone ground truth using all vision information including eyes and surround context. Our emphasis is to understand the efficacy of the head pose dynamic information in predicting eye-gaze-based zone ground truth. We conducted several experiments in designing the dynamic features and compared the performance against static head pose based approach. Analyses show that dynamic information significantly improves the results.
Reoperation rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus posterior cervical foraminotomy: a propensity-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) are both used to surgically treat patients with cervical radiculopathy and have been shown to have similar outcomes. Nonetheless, ACDF has become increasingly more commonplace compared with PCF, in part because of a pervasive belief that PCF has a higher incidence of required reoperations.


PURPOSE
To determine the reoperation rate at the index level of ACDF versus PCF 2 years postoperatively.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective case-control.


PATIENT SAMPLE
All patients that underwent ACDF and PCF for radiculopathy (excluding myelopathy indications) between January 2005 and December 2011.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Revision surgery within 2 years, at the index level, was recorded.


METHODS
Propensity score analysis between the ACDF and PCF groups was done, matching for age, gender, race, body mass index, tobacco use, median income and insurance status, primary surgeon, level of surgery, surgery duration, and length of hospital stay.


RESULTS
Seven hundred ninety patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, including 627 ACDF and 163 PCF. Before propensity matching, the PCF group was found to be significantly older and more likely to be male. After matching, there were no significant differences between groups for any baseline characteristics. Reoperation rate at the index level was 4.8% for the ACDF group and 6.4% for the PCF group (p=.7) within 2 years of the initial surgery. Using equivalence testing, based on an a priori null hypothesis that a clinically meaningful difference between the two groups would be ≥5%, we found that the absolute difference of 1.6% was significantly (p=.01) less than our hypothesized difference.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that even after accounting for patient demographics, operative characteristics, and primary surgeon, there are no significant differences in 2-year reoperation rates at the index level between ACDF and PCF. The reoperation rates are statistically equivalent. Thus, spine surgeons can operate via the posterior approach without putting patients at increased risk for revision surgery at the index level.
Optimizing network attacks by artificial bee colony

Over the past few years, the task of conceiving effective attacks to complex networks has arisen as an optimization problem. Attacks are modelled as the process of removing a number k of vertices, from the graph that represents the network, and the goal is to maximise or minimise the value of a predefined metric over the graph. In this work, we present an optimization problem that concerns the selection of nodes to be removed to minimise the maximum betweenness centrality value of the residual graph. This metric evaluates the participation of the nodes in the communications through the shortest paths of the network. To address the problem we propose an artificial bee colony algorithm, which is a swarm intelligence approach inspired in the foraging behaviour of honeybees. In this framework, bees produce new candidate solutions for the problem by exploring the vicinity of previous ones, called food sources. The proposed method exploits useful problem knowledge in this neighbourhood exploration by considering the partial destruction and heuristic reconstruction of selected solutions. The performance of the method, with respect to other models from the literature that can be adapted to face this problem, such as sequential centrality-based attacks, module-based attacks, a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing approach, and a variable neighbourhood search, is empirically shown. E-mail addresses: lozano@decsai.ugr.es (M. Lozano), cgarcia@uco.es (C. GarćıaMart́ınez), fjrodriguez@unex.es (F.J. Rodŕıguez), humberto@ugr.es (H.M. Trujillo). Preprint submitted to Information Sciences August 17, 2016 *Manuscript (including abstract) Click here to view linked References
A cross-cultural investigation of situational information security awareness programs

Purpose – The aim of this research is to make users aware of the importance surrounding the issue of security and security awareness while at the same time making educators as well as other individuals aware of the differing effects of cultural dimensions into the learning process. Design/methodology/approach – An inter-cultural study was conducted to investigate if users from the USA and Taiwan exposed to the same situational awareness learning would have different performance in those security awareness outcomes. Findings – The findings confirm that American users who received the situational learning outperformed those users who received the traditional face-to-face instruction. Taiwanese users did not perform significantly differently between these two treatments. Research limitations/implications – The study was only focused on two countries and therefore may limit its implications worldwide. But the study does show that global citizens also react differently to security awareness as would be expected due to differing cultures. Certainly, awareness of the risks and safeguards is the first line of defense that can be employed by any individual, but how individuals address these risks can be very dissimilar in different cultures. Therefore, the implications are apparent that the issue of security awareness should be studied from different cultural perspectives. Originality/value – This paper offers original findings and value into the investigation of whether or not situational security awareness training is culturally-bounded Charlie C. Chen, B. Dawn Medlin, R.S. Shaw (2008) "A Cross-Cultural Investigation Of Situational Information Security Awareness Programs" Information Management & Computer Security vol. 16(4) pp. 360-376 Version Of Record Available At www.emeraldinsight.com A Cross-Cultural Investigation Of Situational Information Security
Adolescent obesity and risk for subsequent major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder: prospective evidence.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether adolescent obesity is associated with risk for development of major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorder. Obesity has been linked to psychosocial difficulties among youth.


METHODS
Analysis of a prospective community-based cohort originally from upstate New York, assessed four times over 20 years. Participants (n = 776) were 9 to 18 years old in 1983; subsequent assessments took place in 1985 to 1986 (n = 775), 1991 to 1994 (n = 776), and 2001 to 2003 (n = 661). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, we evaluated the association of adolescent (age range, 12-17.99 years) weight status with risk for subsequent MDD or anxiety disorder (assessed at each wave by structured diagnostic interviews) in males and females. A total of 701 participants were not missing data on adolescent weight status and had > or = 1 subsequent assessments. MDD and anxiety disorder analyses included 674 and 559 participants (free of current or previous MDD or anxiety disorder), respectively. Adolescent obesity was defined as body mass index above the age- and gender-specific 95th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth reference.


RESULTS
Adolescent obesity in females predicted an increased risk for subsequent MDD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 3.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3, 11.8) and for anxiety disorder (HR = 3.8; CI = 1.3, 11.3). Adolescent obesity in males was not statistically significantly associated with risk for MDD (HR = 1.5; CI = 0.5, 3.5) or anxiety disorder (HR = 0.7; CI = 0.2, 2.9).


CONCLUSION
Females obese as adolescents may be at increased risk for development of depression or anxiety disorders.
Research and Practice in Federated Information Systems, Report of the EFIS '2000 International Workshop

EFIS 2000 was held at Dublin City University in June 2000. The principal aim of this third workshop was to bring together new insights from academic research with industry-driven developments and perspectives in the area of federated information systems. This report describes the observations of the workshop together with the outcome and future research possibilities.
Mitral valve interventions in heart failure

Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) results from left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. Quantification of secondary MR is challenging because of the underlying myocardial disease. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluation requires a multi-parametric approach. Severe secondary MR occurs in up to one-fourth of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which is associated with a mortality rate of 40% to 50% in 3 years. Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (MitraClip) has emerged as an alternative to surgical valve repair to improve symptoms, functional capacity, heart failure hospitalizations, and cardiac haemodynamics. Further new transcatheter strategies addressing MR are evolving. The Carillion, Cardioband, and Mitralign devices were designed to reduce the annulus dilatation, which is a frequent and important determinant of secondary MR. Several transcatheter mitral valve replacement systems (Tendyne, CardiAQ-Edwards, Neovasc, Tiara, Intrepid, Caisson, HighLife, MValve System, and NCSI NaviGate Mitral) are emerging because valve replacement might be more durable compared with valve repair. In small studies, these interventional therapies demonstrated feasibility and efficiency to reduce MR and to improve heart failure symptoms. However, neither transcatheter nor surgical mitral valve repair or replacement has been proven to impact on the prognosis of heart failure patients with severe MR, which remains high with a mortality rate of 14-20% at 1 year. To date, the primary indication for treatment of secondary severe MR is the amelioration of symptoms, reinforcing the value of a Heart Team discussion. Randomized studies to investigate the treatment effect and long-term outcome for any transcatheter or surgical mitral valve intervention compared with optimized medical treatment are urgently needed and underway.
Electrical properties analysis of micro and nano composite epoxy resin materials

This work deals with the study of micro and nanosilica filled epoxy resin samples carried out in the framework of CIGRE WG D1.24 cooperative test program. This program focused on chemical, electrical and electrostatic properties of epoxy based nanodielectrics for electrical engineering applications. Epoxy based samples filled with micro and/or nanoparticles of silica were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, conduction current and space charge measurements. These mutually complementary techniques were used to examine the effect of the size and quantity of silica particles on the electrical properties of the analyzed materials. The analysis of charge injection, polarization, trapping and conduction phenomena has allowed the modeling of dielectric behavior of the studied materials under multiple stresses. The Schottky Injection and Space Charge Limited Current models were studied to explain conduction phenomena. A composition of micro and nano-sized silica particles accumulating the smallest amount of space charge is also proposed.
Citizen sensors or extreme publics? Transparency and accountability interventions on the mobile geoweb

Citizen sensors or extreme publics? Transparency and accountability interventions on the mobile geoweb Y. Georgiadou, J.H. Lungo & C. Richter a Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands b College of Information and Communication Technologies (CoICT), University Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Accepted author version posted online: 07 Mar 2013.Published online: 08 May 2013.
Breastfeeding Progression in Preterm Infants Is Influenced by Factors in Infants, Mothers and Clinical Practice: The Results of a National Cohort Study with High Breastfeeding Initiation Rates

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Many preterm infants are not capable of exclusive breastfeeding from birth. To guide mothers in breastfeeding, it is important to know when preterm infants can initiate breastfeeding and progress. The aim was to analyse postmenstrual age (PMA) at breastfeeding milestones in different preterm gestational age (GA) groups, to describe rates of breastfeeding duration at pre-defined times, as well as analyse factors associated with PMA at the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding.


METHODS
The study was part of a prospective survey of a national Danish cohort of preterm infants based on questionnaires and structured telephone interviews, including 1,221 mothers and their 1,488 preterm infants with GA of 24-36 weeks.


RESULTS
Of the preterm infants, 99% initiated breastfeeding and 68% were discharged exclusively breastfed. Breastfeeding milestones were generally reached at different PMAs for different GA groups, but preterm infants were able to initiate breastfeeding at early times, with some delay in infants less than GA 32 weeks. Very preterm infants had lowest mean PMA (35.5 weeks) at first complete breastfeed, and moderate preterm infants had lowest mean PMA at the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding (36.4 weeks). Admitting mothers to the NICU together with the infant and minimising the use of a pacifier during breastfeeding transition were associated with 1.6 (95% CI 0.4-2.8) and 1.2 days (95% CI 0.1-2.3) earlier establishment of exclusive breastfeeding respectively. Infants that were small for gestational age were associated with 5.6 days (95% CI 4.1-7.0) later establishment of exclusive breastfeeding.


CONCLUSION
Breastfeeding competence is not developed at a fixed PMA, but is influenced by multiple factors in infants, mothers and clinical practice. Admitting mothers together with their infants to the NICU and minimising the use of pacifiers may contribute to earlier establishment of exclusive breastfeeding.
Multinational, observational study of procalcitonin in ICU patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: a multicenter observational study

INTRODUCTION
The intent of this study was to determine whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels are associated with prognosis, measured as organ dysfunctions and 28-day mortality, in patients with severe pneumonia.


METHODS
This was a multicenter, observational study of critically ill adult patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation conducted in 10 academic hospitals in Canada, the United States, and Central Europe. PCT was measured daily for 14 days using an immuno-luminometric assay.


RESULTS
We included 175 patients, 57 with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), 61 with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and 57 with hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP). Initial PCT levels were higher in CAP than VAP patients (median (interquartile range: IQR); 2.4 (0.95 to 15.8) vs. 0.7 (0.3 to 2.15), ng/ml, P < 0.001) but not significantly different to HAP (2.2 (0.4 to 8.0) ng/ml). The 28-day ICU mortality rate for all patients was 18.3% with a median ICU length of stay of 16 days (range 1 to 142 days). PCT levels were higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Initial and maximum PCT levels correlated with maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score r2 = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.61) and r² = 0.57 (0.46 to 0.66), respectively. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis on discrimination of 28-day mortality showed areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, 0.70, and 0.69 for maximum PCT, initial PCT, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, respectively. The optimal cut-off to predict mortality for initial PCT was 1.1 ng/ml (odds ratio: OD 7.0 (95% CI 2.6 to 25.2)) and that for maximum PCT was 7.8 ng/ml (odds ratio 5.7 (95% CI 2.5 to 13.1)).


CONCLUSIONS
PCT is associated with the severity of illness in patients with severe pneumonia and appears to be a prognostic marker of morbidity and mortality comparable to the APACHE II score.
Consensus on Media Violence Effects : Comment on Bushman , Gollwitzer , and Cruz ( 2015 )

Craig A. Anderson, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University; Luca Andrighetto, Dip. di Scienze della Formazione, University of Genova; Bruce D. Bartholow, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri; Laurent Begue, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, University of Grenoble; Paul Boxer, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University; Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Department of Psychology, University of Toledo; Melinda C. R. Burgess, Department of Psychology, Southwestern Oklahoma State University; Esther Calvete, Deusto International Research School, Universidad de Deusto; Joanne Cantor, Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin; Sarah M. Coyne, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University; Karen Dill-Shackleford, Fielding Graduate University; Ed Donnerstein, Department of Communication, University of Arizona; Alessandro Gabbiadini, University of Milano Bicocca; Bryan Gibson, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University; Youssef Hasan, Qatar University; Adam K. Lueke, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University; Izaskun Orue, Dpto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento psicológico, Universidad de Deusto; Paolo Riva, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca; Victor C. Strasburger, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico; Chiara Volpato, Department of Psychology, University of MilanoBicocca; Wayne Warburton, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Craig A. Anderson, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3180. E-mail: caa@iastate.edu T hi s do cu m en t is co py ri gh te d by th e A m er ic an Ps yc ho lo gi ca l A ss oc ia tio n or on e of its al lie d pu bl is he rs .
A new database for research on bank-check processing

This paper presents a new database for off-line handwriting recognition. The database , that is particularly devoted to research on bank-check recognition, up to now includes instances of isolated digits and characters, basic words of worded amounts, and signatures. Pattern images are stored using a standard image format, and hence they are easily usable by several commercial and scientific image processing
Spatial variation of melt pool geometry, peak temperature and solidification parameters during laser assisted additive manufacturing process

A three-dimensional heat transfer and material flow model is developed to numerically simulate the temperature and velocity fields in a laser assisted layer by layer deposition process with coaxially fed powder particles. The computed results are tested with independently reported temperature and build geometry for the deposition of multilayered structures of austenitic stainless steel. The results provide detailed insight about the important physical processes and show that the model can be used to understand the effects of process parameters on the thermal cycles, build geometry, cooling rates and solidification parameters in a multilayer additive manufacturing process.