LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Chemical constituents of Asparagus

Asparagus species (family Liliaceae) are medicinal plants of temperate Himalayas. They possess a variety of biological properties, such as being antioxidants, immunostimulants, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antioxytocic, and reproductive agents. The article briefly reviews the isolated chemical constituents and the biological activities of the plant species. The structural formula of isolated compounds and their distribution in the species studied are also given.
The Robotic Building Construction System

The application of that robot system for the automatic assembly of commercial cavity blocks is the subject of the following report. The entirely different characteristics and abilities of assembly robots are not taken into consideration. However, their dimensional tolerance is relatively small (0.5 mm). Furthermore as cavity bricks, they have conic and oval recesses. Both features are strongly favourable for automation. This report will highlight specific problems during automized construction assembly with commercial standard assembly elements, and help to solve them[6]. 1. The robot system used For the assembly of cavity blocks a gantry robot system was used. That robot system has been depicted in detail in the report "Experiences with the Construction of a Building Assembly Robot" [2]. 2. The gripper system
ROCK ART IMAGES

Situated in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California, CA-MRP-402 exhibits 103 rock art panels. By combining archaeological field research and excavation, this paper explores the ancient activities that took place at MRP-402. These efforts reveal that ancient Native Americans intentionally altered the landscape to create an astronomical observation area and generate consistent equinoctial solar and shadow alignments.
Mixed Reality: Future Dreams Seen at the Border between Real and Virtual Worlds

ixed reality (MR) is a kind of virtual reality (VR) but a broader concept than augmented reality (AR), which augments the real world with synthetic electronic data. On the opposite side, there is a term, augmented virtuality (AV), which enhances or augments the virtual environment (VE) with data from the real world. Mixed reality covers a continuum from AR to AV. This concept embraces the definition of MR stated by Paul Milgram. 1 We participated in the Key Technology Research Project on Mixed Reality Systems (MR Project) in Japan. The Japanese government and Canon funded the Mixed Reality Systems Laboratory (MR Lab) and launched it in January 1997. We completed this national project in March 2001. At the end of the MR Project, an event called MiRai-01 (mirai means future in Japanese) was held at Yokohama, Japan, to demonstrate this emerging technology all over the world. This event was held in conjunction with two international conferences, IEEE Virtual Reality 2001 and the Second International Symposium on Mixed Reality (ISMR) and aggregated about 3,000 visitors for two days. This project aimed to produce an innovative information technology that could be used in the first decade of the 21st century while expanding the limitations of traditional VR technology. The basic policy we maintained throughout this project was to emphasize a pragmatic system development rather than a theory and to make such a system always available to people. Since MR is an advanced form of VR, the MR system inherits a VR char-acteristic—users can experience the world of MR interactively. According to this policy, we tried to make the system work in real time. Then, we enhanced each of our systems in their response speed and image quality in real time to increase user satisfaction. We describe the aim and research themes of the MR Project in Tamura et al. 2 To develop MR systems along this policy, we studied the fundamental problems of AR and AV and developed several methods to solve them in addition to system development issues. For example, we created a new image-based rendering method for AV systems, hybrid registration methods, and new types of see-through head-mounted displays (ST-HMDs) for AR systems. Three universities in Japan—University of Tokyo (Michi-taka Hirose), University of Tsukuba (Yuichic Ohta), and Hokkaido University (Tohru Ifukube)—collaborated with us to study the broad research area of MR. The side-bar, " Four Types of MR Visual Simulation, …
Clustering for Glossy Global Illumination

We present a new clustering algorithm for global illumination in complex environments. The new algorithm extends provious work on clustering for radiosity to allow for nondiffuse (glossy) reflectors. We represent clusters as points with directional distributions of outgoing and incoming radiance and importance, and we derive an error bound for transfers between these clusters. The algorithm groups input surfaces into a hierarchy of clusters, and then permits clusters to interact only if the error bound is below an acceptable tolerance. We show that the algorithm is asymptotically more efficient than previous clustering algorithms even when restricted to ideally diffuse environments. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our method on two complex glossy environments.
Bifurcation Analysis of Current Coupled BVP oscillators

The Bonhöffer-van der Pol (BVP) oscillator is a simple circuit implementation describing neuronal dynamics. Lately the diffusive coupling structure of neurons attracts much attention since the existence of the gap-junctional coupling has been confirmed in the brain. Such coupling is easily realized by linear resistors for the circuit implementation, however, there are not enough investigations about diffusively coupled BVP oscillators, even a couple of BVP oscillators. We have considered several types of coupling structure between two BVP oscillators, and discussed their dynamical behavior in preceding works. In this paper, we treat a simple structure called current coupling and study their dynamical properties by the bifurcation theory. We investigate various bifurcation phenomena by computing some bifurcation diagrams in two cases, symmetrically and asymmetrically coupled systems. In symmetrically coupled systems, although all internal elements of two oscillators are the same, we obtain in-phase, anti-phase solution and some chaotic attractors. Moreover, we show that two quasi-periodic solutions are disappeared simultaneously by the homoclinic bifurcation on the Poincaré map and that a large quasi-periodic solution is generated by the coalescence of these quasi-periodic solutions, but it is disappeared by the heteroclinic bifurcation on the Poincaré map. In the other case, we confirm the existence a conspicuous chaotic attractor in the laboratory experiments.
Road Traffic Data: Collection Methods and Applications

The mission of the IPTS is to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by researching science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socioeconomic and a scientific or technological dimension. Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.
Tapping the power of text mining

Sifting through vast collections of unstructured or semistructured data beyond the reach of data mining tools, text mining tracks information sources, links isolated concepts in distant documents, maps relationships between activities, and helps answer questions.
Image-directed, tissue-preserving focal therapy of prostate cancer: a feasibility study of a novel deformable magnetic resonance-ultrasound (MR-US) registration system

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility of using computer-assisted, deformable image registration software to enable three-dimensional (3D), multi-parametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived information on tumour location and extent, to inform the planning and conduct of focal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A nested pilot study of 26 consecutive men with a visible discrete focus on mpMRI, correlating with positive histology on transperineal template mapping biopsy, who underwent focal HIFU (Sonablate 500®) within a prospective, Ethics Committee-approved multicentre trial ('INDEX'). Non-rigid image registration software developed in our institution was used to transfer data on the location and limits of the index lesion as defined by mpMRI. Manual contouring of the prostate capsule and histologically confirmed MR-visible lesion was performed preoperatively by a urologist and uro-radiologist. A deformable patient-specific computer model, which captures the location of the target lesion, was automatically generated for each patient and registered to a 3D transrectal ultrasonography (US) volume using a small number (10-20) of manually defined capsule points. During the focal HIFU, the urologist could add additional sonications after image-registration if it was felt that the original treatment plan did not cover the lesion sufficiently with a margin.


RESULTS
Prostate capsule and lesion contouring was achieved in <5 min preoperatively. The mean (range) time taken to register images was 6 (3-16) min. Additional treatment sonications were added in 13 of 26 cases leading to a mean (range) additional treatment time of 45 (9-90) s.


CONCLUSION
Non-rigid MR-US registration is feasible, efficient and can locate lesions on US. The process has potential for improved accuracy of focal treatments, and improved diagnostic sampling strategies for prostate cancer. Further work on whether deformable MR-US registration impacts on efficacy is required.
Hesitant fuzzy entropy and cross-entropy and their use in multiattribute decision-making

We introduce the concepts of entropy and cross-entropy for hesitant fuzzy information, and discuss their desirable properties. Several measure formulas are further developed, and the relationships among the proposed entropy, cross-entropy, and similarity measures are analyzed, from which we can find that three measures are interchangeable under certain conditions. Then we develop two multiattribute decision-making methods in which the attribute values are given in the form of hesitant fuzzy sets reflecting humans’ hesitant thinking comprehensively. In one method, the weight vector is determined by the hesitant fuzzy entropy measure, and the optimal alternative is obtained by comparing the hesitant fuzzy cross-entropies between the alternatives and the ideal solutions; in another method, the weight vector is derived from the maximizing deviation method and the optimal alternative is obtained by using the TOPSIS method. An actual example is provided to compare our methods with the existing ones. C © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of urethral stricture in women.

PURPOSE
We describe the diagnosis and treatment of urethral strictures in women.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively identified female urethral strictures from 1998 to 2010. Study inclusion criteria were 1) clinical diagnosis of stricture, 2) stricture seen on cystoscopy, 3) urethral obstruction on videourodynamics according to the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram and/or 4) urethral caliber less than 17Fr. Postoperative recurrence was defined by the preoperative criteria.


RESULTS
We identified 17 women with a mean age of 62 years (range 32 to 91) with stricture. Stricture was idiopathic in 8 patients, iatrogenic in 6, traumatic in 2 and associated with a urethral diverticulum in 1. Videourodynamics could not be done in 3 women due to complete obliteration of the urethra. Ten of 14 patients satisfied videourodynamic criteria for obstruction and 4 had impaired detrusor contractility. Nine women underwent vaginal flap urethroplasty, including 5 who also had a pubovaginal sling and 1 who had a Martius flap. One patient received a buccal mucosal graft as primary treatment after initial dilation. There was no recurrence at a minimum 1-year followup but 2 strictures recurred 5½ and 6 years postoperatively, respectively. These 2 women received a buccal mucosal graft and were stricture free 12 to 15 months postoperatively. Of 17 patients initially treated with urethral dilation recurrence developed in 16, requiring repeat dilations until urethroplasty was performed.


CONCLUSIONS
In select women vaginal flap urethroplasty and buccal mucosal graft have high success rates, including 100% at 1 year and 78% at 5 years. Urethral dilation has a 6% success rate. Long-term followup is mandatory. Treatment should be individualized.
THE STRUCTURE OF CREDIT RISK

Knowing the relative riskiness of di erent types of credit exposure is important for policymakers designing regulatory capital requirements and for rms allocating economic capital. This paper analyzes the risk structure of credit exposures with di erent maturities and credit qualities. We focus particularly on risks associated with (i) ratings transitions and (ii) spread changes for given ratings. We show that, for high quality debt, most risk stems from spread changes. This is signi cant because several recently proposed pricing and credit risk models assume zero spread risk. JEL Nos: C25,G21,G33.
A Closed Loop Speed Control of a Switched Reluctance Motor with a New Converter Topology

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has become a competitive selection for many applications of electric machine drive systems recently due to its relative simple construction and its robustness. . This paper describes the design of new converter, consisting of “halfbridge” IGBT modules and SCRs, for closed loop control of switched reluctance motor drives are proposed. The proposed converter topology is a variation of the conventional asymmetric bridge converter for switched reluctance motor drives. However, utilization of switch modules is enhanced considerably. The requirements of converters for switched reluctance motor drives and the operation of the proposed new converter are analyzed and discussed. In this paper a new converter topology for speed control of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. The topology is verified through MATLAB simulation. Keywords–Switched reluctance motor drives, Converter topology.
Fuzzy Logic – Based Approach for Adaptive Hysteresis Band and Dc Voltage Control in Shunt Active Filter

—Active filters are widely employed in distribution system to reduce the harmonics. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-controlled shunt active power filter capable of reducing the total harmonic distortion is developed. The instantaneous p-q theory is used for calculating the compensating current. Fuzzy-adaptive hysteresis band technique is adopted for the current control to derive the switching signals for the voltage source inverter. The fuzzy-adaptive hysteresis band current controller changes the hysteresis bandwidth according to the supply voltage and the slope of the reference compensator current wave. A fuzzy logic-based controller is developed to control the voltage of the DC capacitor. Simulation results obtained are presented and compared with the conventional controller. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for harmonic reduction.
Realtime High-Speed Network Traffic Monitoring Using ntopng

Monitoring network traffic has become increasingly challenging in terms of number of hosts, protocol proliferation and probe placement topologies. Virtualised environments and cloud services shifted the focus from dedicated hardware monitoring devices to virtual machine based, software traffic monitoring applications.   This paper covers the design and implementation of ntopng, an open-source traffic monitoring application designed for highspeed networks. ntopng’s key features are large networks realtime analytics and the ability to characterise application protocols and user traffic behaviour. ntopng was extensively validated in various monitoring environments ranging from small networks to .it ccTLD traffic analysis. Keywords—Traffic monitoring, real-time analytics, open-source software, monitoring of virtual and cloud environments.
Probing the protective mechanism of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate against vibriosis by using gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana and Vibrio campbellii as host-pathogen model

The compound poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of the short chain fatty acid ß-hydroxybutyrate, was shown to protect experimental animals against a variety of bacterial diseases, (including vibriosis in farmed aquatic animals), albeit through undefined mechanisms. Here we aimed at unraveling the underlying mechanism behind the protective effect of PHB against bacterial disease using gnotobiotically-cultured brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and pathogenic Vibrio campbellii as host-pathogen model. The gnotobiotic model system is crucial for such studies because it eliminates any possible microbial interference (naturally present in any type of aquatic environment) in these mechanistic studies and furthermore facilitates the interpretation of the results in terms of a cause effect relationship. We showed clear evidences indicating that PHB conferred protection to Artemia host against V. campbellii by a mechanism of inducing heat shock protein (Hsp) 70. Additionally, our results also showed that this salutary effect of PHB was associated with the generation of protective innate immune responses, especially the prophenoloxidase and transglutaminase immune systems - phenomena possibly mediated by PHB-induced Hsp70. From overall results, we conclude that PHB induces Hsp70 and this induced Hsp70 might contribute in part to the protection of Artemia against pathogenic V. campbellii.
Multi-Magnetometer Based Perturbation Mitigation for Indoor Orientation Estimation

Determining orientation with respect to a known reference plays an important role in almost all modes of navigation. As the sensors required for measuring magnetic field have found their way into portable navigation devices, researchers have started investigating their application to orientation estimation in different environments. Nevertheless, the success of these sensors for orientation estimation is conditioned by their capacity to sense Earth’s magnetic field in environments full of magnetic anomalies like urban canyons and indoors. These artificial fields contaminate Earth’s magnetic field measurements, making orientation estimation very difficult in heavily perturbed areas. To overcome the effect of magnetic anomalies, a perturbation mitigation technique is proposed that utilizes multiple magnetometers. This mitigation technique is then used for estimating Earth’s magnetic field indoors thus providing users with better magnetic orientation estimates. Performance of the proposed mitigation technique is assessed for pedestrian navigation in a shopping mall.
Matrix Structures for Image Applications: Some Examples and Open Problems

We present two different examples of image applications where exploiting struc-tured matrices seems attractive, either for reducing the high complexity of the reconstruction problem or because a shift invariance naturally occurs in the mathematical description. We discuss how structures can be incorporated in the models and we point out some new open problems arising in these contexts.
Development of a Contextual Decision-Making Game for Improving Students' Learning Performance in a Health Education Course

Health education is an important component of the curriculum for fostering children's correct health knowledge and good daily life habits. However, educators have indicated that most children might fail to realize the importance and meaning of health education content owing to the lack of authentic scenarios and daily life experience. With the advancement of computer technologies, researchers have tried to develop multimedia learning content in order to improve students' learning performance. Among various technology-enhanced learning alternatives, digital game-based learning has been recognized as a highly potential approach to motivating students. However, several previous studies have indicated that, without properly incorporating learning content into game scenarios, the effectiveness of digital game-based learning might not be as good as expected in comparison with conventional technology-enhanced learning. In this study, a contextual digital game was developed for improving students' learning performance in an elementary school health education course. A quasi experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by situating the experimental group in the game-based learning scenario and the control group to learn with conventional e-books. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach not only improved the students' learning motivation, but also their learning achievement and problem-solving competences. Moreover, the significant two-way interaction suggested that the contextual game-based learning approach benefited the higher motivation students more than the lower motivation ones in terms of the advanced knowledge, showing the importance and potential of applying contextual games to health education activities.
Interaction of the components of the lactose synthetase system.

Abstract The modifier action of α-lactalbumin upon galactosyl transferase is pH-dependent. When either N -acetyl glucosamine or glucose is the acceptor, the pH profile of activity is altered in the presence of α-lactalbumin. The effect of α-lactalbumin upon the kinetic constants at a series of pH's has been interpreted in terms of a molecular mechanism of modifier activity. Fluorescence polarization studies indicated that a definite molecular complex between α-lactalbumin and galactosyl transferase is formed in the presence of substrate. Estimates of the equilibrium constants have been made.
The distance-2 matching problem and its relationship to the MAC-Layer capacity of ad hoc wireless networks

We consider the problem of determining the maximum capacity of the media access (MAC) layer in wireless ad hoc networks. Due to spatial contention for the shared wireless medium, not all nodes can concurrently transmit packets to each other in these networks. The maximum number of possible concurrent transmissions is, therefore, an estimate of the maximum network capacity, and depends on the MAC protocol being used. We show that for a large class of MAC protocols based on virtual carrier sensing using RTS/CTS messages, which includes the popular IEEE 802.11 standard, this problem may be modeled as a maximum Distance-2 matching ( D2EMIS) in the underlying wireless network: Given a graph G(V,E), find a set of edges E'/spl sube/E such that no two edges in E' are connected by another edge in E. D2EMIS is NP-complete. Our primary goal is to show that it can be approximated efficiently in networks that arise in practice. We do this by focusing on an admittedly simplistic, yet natural, graph-theoretic model for ad hoc wireless networks based on disk graphs, where a node can reach all other nodes within some distance (nodes may have unequal reach distances). We show that our approximation yields good capacity bounds. Our work is the first attempt at characterizing an important "maximum" measure of wireless network capacity, and can be used to shed light on previous topology formation protocols like Span and GAF that attempt to produce "good" or "capacity-preserving" topologies, while allowing nodes to alternate between sleep and awake states. Our work shows an efficient way to compute an upper bound on maximum wireless network capacity, thereby allowing topology formation algorithms to determine how close they are to optimal. We also outline a distributed algorithm for the problem for unit disk graphs, and briefly discuss extensions of our results to: 1) different node interference models; 2) directional antennas; and 3) other transceiver connectivity structures besides disk graphs.