LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Computed Tomography on Operative Planning for Ankle Fractures Involving the Posterior Malleolus.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to (1) Determine the effect of computed tomography (CT) on identification of fractures involving the posterior malleolus, (2) determine its effect on operative indications, and (3) determine its effect on the overall operative plan.


METHODS
Patients with ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus were identified. Only injuries with complete preoperative plain radiographs and a CT scan were included. Spiral tibia fractures and pilon variants were excluded. The plain radiographs were deidentified, randomized, and presented to 3 orthopedic surgeons. They were asked 3 questions: (1) Is this fracture simple or complex? (2) Does the injury require direct visualization and reduction? and (3) How would you position the patient and approach the fracture? The same process was repeated for the CT scans. A total of 376 posterior malleolus injuries were identified and 25 met the inclusion criteria.


RESULTS
A complex fracture pattern was identified on 44% of plain radiographs and 56% of CT scans. The surgeons chose to operate in 84% of cases based on plain radiographs and 92% of cases based on CT scan. The observers changed their operative approach or positioning 44% of the time after reviewing CT images. The interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficients were moderate.


CONCLUSION
The use of CT scan changed operative positioning and approach in 44% of cases. There was no significant change in characterization or operative indications when comparing plain radiographs to CT scan. CT scan may be a valuable tool in the management of ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Level III, comparative series.
Spectroscopic detection of health hazardous contaminants in lipstick using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was applied to determine the concentrations of different toxic elements like lead, chromium, cadmium and zinc in four different lipstick brands sold at local markets in Saudi Arabia. These samples contain toxic elements like lead, cadmium and chromium which are carcinogen dermatitis, allergic and eczematous. Their extraction from human body takes over 40 years and accumulation in the body cause problems like disruption of nervous systems and kidney damage. They could trigger to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to test the validity of our LIBS results, standard technique like (ICP-AES) was also applied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where LIBS technique was applied for the measurement of toxic substances in lipsticks. The maximum concentration detected in four lipstick brands was much higher than the permissible safe limits for human use and could lead to serious health problems. It is worth mentioning that the lipstick is not a solid rather is in fluid state which is not trivial to analyze using LIBS technique. For this purpose, special treatment of the lipstick samples was necessary to analyze with our LIBS method.
Correlates of therapeutic response in panic disorder presenting with palpitations: heart rate variability, sleep, and placebo effect.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the correlates of therapeutic response of patients with panic disorder presenting with palpitations, we hypothesized that therapeutic response would correlate with heart rate variability (HRV) and sleep measures.


METHODS
After a 1-week placebo washout, 27 patients free of structural heart disease and not on cardioactive drugs were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to 4 weeks of treatment with clonazepam (a known antipanic agent) or placebo. We performed standard sleep measures and recorded HRV from 24-hour Holter acquisitions at baseline and end of study. We defined response to therapy as a 50% improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score, confirmed by questionnaires and reaction to sodium lactate infusion.


RESULTS
There were 12 responders and 15 nonresponders. Normalization of sleep pattern (including less stage 1 and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) was observed in both drug and placebo responders (P = 0.011 and P = 0.05, respectively) and in placebo responders alone, compared with nonresponders (P = 0.006 and P = 0.013, respectively). Placebo responders were more likely to show less depression, but even after we controlled for depression, main sleep effects remained. None of the HRV measures correlated with response, but compared with placebo, clonazepam led to a decrease in all the time and frequency domain measures of HRV (all P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Central mechanisms are related to the therapeutic response of patients with panic disorder presenting with palpitations, but this does not directly correlate with HRV. Larger and longer studies may allow objective explanations of placebo response in panic disorder.
A Parallel Implementation of k-Means in MATLAB

The aim of this work is the parallel implementation of k-means in MATLAB, in order to reduce the execution time. Specifically, a new function in MATLAB for serial k-means algorithm is developed, which meets all the requirements for the conversion to a function in MATLAB with parallel computations. Additionally, two different variants for the definition of initial values are presented. In the sequel, the parallel approach is presented. Finally, the performance tests for the computation times respect to the numbers of features and classes are illustrated. Keywords—K-means algorithm, clustering, parallel computations, MATLAB.
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial and circummaxillary sutures.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to determine whether the orthopedic forces of rapid maxillary expansion cause significant quantitative changes in the cranial and the circummaxillary sutures.


METHODS
Twenty patients (mean age, 12.3 ± 1.9 years) who required rapid maxillary expansion as a part of their comprehensive orthodontic treatment had preexpansion and postexpansion computed tomography scans. Ten cranial and circummaxillary sutures were located and measured on one of the axial, coronal, or sagittal sections of each patient's preexpansion and postexpansion computed tomography scans. Quantitative variables between the 2 measurements were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Rapid maxillary expansion produced significant width increases in the intermaxillary, internasal, maxillonasal, frontomaxillary, and frontonasal sutures, whereas the frontozygomatic, zygomaticomaxillary, zygomaticotemporal, and pterygomaxillary sutures showed nonsignificant changes. The greatest increase in width was recorded for the intermaxillary suture (1.7 ± 0.9 mm), followed by the internasal suture (0.6 ± 0.3 mm), and the maxillonasal suture (0.4 ± 0.2 mm). The midpalatal suture showed the greatest increase in width at the central incisor level (1.6 ± 0.8 mm) followed by the increases in width at the canine level (1.5 ± 0.8 mm) and the first molar level (1.2 ± 0.6 mm).


CONCLUSIONS
Forces elicited by rapid maxillary expansion affect primarily the anterior sutures (intermaxillary and maxillary frontal nasal interfaces) compared with the posterior (zygomatic interface) craniofacial structures.
Effect of Facebook on the life of Medical University students

BACKGROUND
Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Inc. As of June 2012, Facebook reports more than 1 billion active users. Objective of study was to evaluate the effect of Facebook on the social life, health and behavior of medical students.


METHODOLOGY
It was a cross sectional, observational and questionnaire based study conducted in Dow University OF Health Sciences during the period of January 2012 to November 2012. We attempted to interview all the participants who could be approached during the period of the study. Participants were MBBS students, while all students of other courses and programs were taken as exclusion criteria. Approximately 1050 questionnaires were distributed to participants. Fifty questionnaires were rejected due to incomplete answers, yielding 1000 usable responses for an approximate 95% response rate. Informed verbal consent was taken from each participant. Study was ethically approved by Institutional Review Board of Dow University of Health Sciences. All the data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 19.


RESULT
Out of total 1000 participants, males were 400 (40%) and females were 600 (60%). Participants were in the age group of 18-25 years with a mean age of 20.08 years. Most of the participants were using Facebook daily (N = 640, 64%) for around 3-4 hours (N = 401, 40.1%). Majority of them (N = 359, 35.9%) believed that they were equally active on Facebook and in real life while few believed their social life became worse after start using Facebook (N = 372, 37.2%). Most of the participants admitted that they were considered as shy in real world (N = 390, 39.0%) while in the world of Facebook they were considered as fun loving by their friends (N = 603, 60.3%). A large number of participants (N = 715, 75%) complained of mood swings.


CONCLUSION
Youngsters are willing to compromise their health, social life, studies for the sake of fun and entertainment or whatever satisfaction they get after using Facebook. What we observed in our study was that although majority of our subjects showed multiple signs of Facebook addiction, they don't realize it and if even they realize it they don't want to quit Facebook and even if they want to quit, they can't. Our observance concluded that majority of the users are highly addicted.
Use of Earth’s Magnetic Field for Mitigating Gyroscope Errors Regardless of Magnetic Perturbation

Most portable systems like smart-phones are equipped with low cost consumer grade sensors, making them useful as Pedestrian Navigation Systems (PNS). Measurements of these sensors are severely contaminated by errors caused due to instrumentation and environmental issues rendering the unaided navigation solution with these sensors of limited use. The overall navigation error budget associated with pedestrian navigation can be categorized into position/displacement errors and attitude/orientation errors. Most of the research is conducted for tackling and reducing the displacement errors, which either utilize Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) or special constraints like Zero velocity UPdaTes (ZUPT) and Zero Angular Rate Updates (ZARU). This article targets the orientation/attitude errors encountered in pedestrian navigation and develops a novel sensor fusion technique to utilize the Earth's magnetic field, even perturbed, for attitude and rate gyroscope error estimation in pedestrian navigation environments where it is assumed that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation is denied. As the Earth's magnetic field undergoes severe degradations in pedestrian navigation environments, a novel Quasi-Static magnetic Field (QSF) based attitude and angular rate error estimation technique is developed to effectively use magnetic measurements in highly perturbed environments. The QSF scheme is then used for generating the desired measurements for the proposed Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based attitude estimator. Results indicate that the QSF measurements are capable of effectively estimating attitude and gyroscope errors, reducing the overall navigation error budget by over 80% in urban canyon environment.
Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?

To account for the double-edged nature of demographic workplace diversity (i.e,. relational demography, work group diversity, and organizational diversity) effects on social integration, performance, and well-being-related variables, research has moved away from simple main effect approaches and started examining variables that moderate these effects. While there is no shortage of primary studies of the conditions under which diversity leads to positive or negative outcomes, it remains unclear which contingency factors make it work. Using the Categorization-Elaboration Model as our theoretical lens, we review variables moderating the effects of workplace diversity on social integration, performance, and well-being outcomes, focusing on factors that organizations and managers have control over (i.e., strategy, unit design, human resource, leadership, climate/culture, and individual differences). We point out avenues for future research and conclude with practical implications. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Organizational Behavior published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Strain-Specific Probiotic Formulation (Renadyl) in Dialysis Patients

BACKGROUND
Primary goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of Renadyl in end-stage renal disease patients was to assess the safety and efficacy of Renadyl measured through improvement in quality of life or reduction in levels of known uremic toxins. Secondary goal was to investigate the effects on several biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.


METHODS
Two 2-month treatment periods separated by 2-month washout and crossover, with physical examinations, venous blood testing, and quality of life questionnaires completed at each visit. Data were analyzed with SAS V9.2.


RESULTS
22 subjects (79%) completed the study. Observed trends were as follows (none reaching statistical significance): decline in WBC count (-0.51 × 10(9)/L, P = 0.057) and reductions in levels of C-reactive protein (-8.61 mg/L, P = 0.071) and total indoxyl glucuronide (-0.11 mg%, P = 0.058). No statistically significant changes were observed in other uremic toxin levels or measures of QOL.


CONCLUSIONS
Renadyl appeared to be safe to administer to ESRD patients on hemodialysis. Stability in QOL assessment is an encouraging result for a patient cohort in such advanced stage of kidney disease. Efficacy could not be confirmed definitively, primarily due to small sample size and low statistical power-further studies are warranted.
Depth-First Iterative-Deepening: An Optimal Admissible Tree Search

The complexities of various search algorithms are considered in terms of time, space, and cost of the solution paths. • Brute-force search . Breadth-first search (BFS) . Depth-first search (DFS) . Depth-first Iterative-deepening (DFID) . Bi-directional search • Heuristic search: best-first search . A∗ . IDA∗ The issue of storing information in DISK instead of main memory. Solving 15-puzzle. TCG: DFID, 20121120, Tsan-sheng Hsu c © 2
Intelligent stock trading system by turning point confirming and probabilistic reasoning

Financial engineering such as trading decision is an emerging research area and also has great commercial potentials. A successful stock buying/selling generally occurs near price trend turning point. Traditional technical analysis relies on some statistics (i.e. technical indicators) to predict turning point of the trend. However, these indicators can not guarantee the accuracy of prediction in chaotic domain. In this paper, we propose an intelligent financial trading system through a new approach: learn trading strategy by probabilistic model from high-level representation of time series – turning points and technical indicators. The main contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we utilize high-level representation (turning point and technical indicators). High-level representation has several advantages such as insensitive to noise and intuitive to human being. However, it is rarely used in past research. Technical indicator is the knowledge from professional investors, which can generally characterize the market. Second, by combining high-level representation with probabilistic model, the randomness and uncertainty of chaotic system is further reduced. In this way, we achieve great results (comprehensive experiments on S&P500 components) in a chaotic domain in which the prediction is thought impossible in the past. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mobile App Rating Scale: A New Tool for Assessing the Quality of Health Mobile Apps

BACKGROUND
The use of mobile apps for health and well being promotion has grown exponentially in recent years. Yet, there is currently no app-quality assessment tool beyond "star"-ratings.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, multidimensional measure for trialling, classifying, and rating the quality of mobile health apps.


METHODS
A literature search was conducted to identify articles containing explicit Web or app quality rating criteria published between January 2000 and January 2013. Existing criteria for the assessment of app quality were categorized by an expert panel to develop the new Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) subscales, items, descriptors, and anchors. There were sixty well being apps that were randomly selected using an iTunes search for MARS rating. There were ten that were used to pilot the rating procedure, and the remaining 50 provided data on interrater reliability.


RESULTS
There were 372 explicit criteria for assessing Web or app quality that were extracted from 25 published papers, conference proceedings, and Internet resources. There were five broad categories of criteria that were identified including four objective quality scales: engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality; and one subjective quality scale; which were refined into the 23-item MARS. The MARS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha = .90) and interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = .79).


CONCLUSIONS
The MARS is a simple, objective, and reliable tool for classifying and assessing the quality of mobile health apps. It can also be used to provide a checklist for the design and development of new high quality health apps.
Definition of ambulatory blood pressure targets for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in relation to clinic blood pressure: prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND
Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure thresholds have been defined for the diagnosis of mild hypertension but not for its treatment or for other blood pressure thresholds used in the diagnosis of moderate to severe hypertension. We aimed to derive age and sex related ambulatory blood pressure equivalents to clinic blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.


METHODS
We collated 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure data, recorded with validated devices, from 11 centres across six Australian states (n=8575). We used least product regression to assess the relation between these measurements and clinic blood pressure measured by trained staff and in a smaller cohort by doctors (n=1693).


RESULTS
Mean age of participants was 56 years (SD 15) with mean body mass index 28.9 (5.5) and mean clinic systolic/diastolic blood pressure 142/82 mm Hg (19/12); 4626 (54%) were women. Average clinic measurements by trained staff were 6/3 mm Hg higher than daytime ambulatory blood pressure and 10/5 mm Hg higher than 24 hour blood pressure, but 9/7 mm Hg lower than clinic values measured by doctors. Daytime ambulatory equivalents derived from trained staff clinic measurements were 4/3 mm Hg less than the 140/90 mm Hg clinic threshold (lower limit of grade 1 hypertension), 2/2 mm Hg less than the 130/80 mm Hg threshold (target upper limit for patients with associated conditions), and 1/1 mm Hg less than the 125/75 mm Hg threshold. Equivalents were 1/2 mm Hg lower for women and 3/1 mm Hg lower in older people compared with the combined group.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides daytime ambulatory blood pressure thresholds that are slightly lower than equivalent clinic values. Clinic blood pressure measurements taken by doctors were considerably higher than those taken by trained staff and therefore gave inappropriate estimates of ambulatory thresholds. These results provide a framework for the diagnosis and management of hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure values.
Thalidomide for the treatment of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal disorder of unknown cause with no effective treatment. Cough affects up to 80% of patients with IPF, is frequently disabling, and lacks effective therapy.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of thalidomide in suppressing cough in patients with IPF.


DESIGN
24-week, double-blind, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00600028)


SETTING
1 university center.


PARTICIPANTS
98 participants were screened, 24 were randomly assigned, 23 received treatment (78.3% men; mean age, 67.6 years; mean FVC, 70.4% predicted), and 20 completed both treatment periods.


MEASUREMENTS
The primary end point was cough-specific quality of life measured by the Cough Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQLQ). Secondary end points were visual analogue scale of cough and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). For all measures, lower scores equaled improved cough or respiratory quality of life.


RESULTS
CQLQ scores significantly improved with thalidomide (mean difference vs. placebo, -11.4 [95% CI, -15.7 to -7.0]; P < 0.001). Thalidomide also significantly improved scores on the visual analogue scale of cough (mean difference vs. placebo, -31.2 [CI, -45.2 to -17.2]; P < 0.001). In participants receiving thalidomide, scores from the total SGRQ, SGRQ symptom domain, and SGRQ impact domain improved compared with those of participants receiving placebo. Adverse events were reported in 74% of patients receiving thalidomide and 22% receiving placebo; constipation, dizziness, and malaise were more frequent with thalidomide.


LIMITATION
This was a single-center study of short duration and small sample size focused on symptom-specific quality of life.


CONCLUSION
Thalidomide improved cough and respiratory quality of life in patients with IPF. A larger trial is warranted to assess these promising results.


PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
Celgene Corporation.
Work Congruence and Excellence in Human Resource Management Empirical Evidence from the Israeli Nonprofit Sector

Two data samples (N1 = 244, N2 = 155) were used to test hypotheses regarding the effect of person-organization fit and met expectations (ME) on the performance of nonprofit employees. One first sample was collected from employees of a public sector organization. Findings revealed job satisfaction and organizational commitment were higher in employees who better fitted the organizational sphere and in those who better fulfilled their expectations. These employees’ intentions of voice, in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behavior also increased as a result of higher ME. The second sample was collected from employees of a third sector organization. These findings also supported the centrality of ME in determining work outcomes. The authors conclude that expectations exert a notable effect on work outcomes for nonprofit employees. Moreover, person-organization fit has a secondary effect. Several theoretical and practical implications of these results, especially for nonprofit systems, are noted in the final section.
Violence and the politics of research

to the Problems.- 1: Pitfalls in the Pursuit of Knowledge.- 2: Legitimate and Illegitimate Uses of Violence: A Review of Ideas and Evidence.- II: Three Case Studies.- 3: How Not to Study Violence.- III: Implications.- 4: Science and Social Control: Controversies over Research on Violence.- 5: Embattled Research: Psychiatry, Politics, and the Study of Violent Behavior.- 6: Fragile Knowledge and Stubborn Ignorance: Agenda for the Study of Violence.- 7: Ethics and the Control of Research.