LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Explain Images with Multimodal Recurrent Neural Networks

In this paper, we present a multimodal Recurrent Neural Network (m-RNN) model for generating novel sentence descriptions to explain the content of images. It directly models the probability distribution of generating a word given previous words and the image. Image descriptions are generated by sampling from this distribution. The model consists of two sub-networks: a deep recurrent neural network for sentences and a deep convolutional network for images. These two sub-networks interact with each other in a multimodal layer to form the whole m-RNN model. The effectiveness of our model is validated on three benchmark datasets (IAPR TC-12 [9], Flickr 8K [31], Flickr 30K [14] and MS COCO [23]). Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art generative method. In addition, the m-RNN model can be applied to retrieval tasks for retrieving images or sentences, and achieves significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods which directly optimize the ranking objective function for retrieval.
Opioid tolerance: the clinical perspective.

Uncertainty about the clinical significance of tolerance to opioid analgesia has important and diverse implications. Although understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of experimental tolerance has grown, the clinical correlates and ramifications of these findings remain ambiguous to practitioners prescribing long-term opioid therapy to patients for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant pain. In this review I shall discuss clinical aspects of tolerance and the associated phenomena of dependence, withdrawal and addiction to opioids as they apply to the practice of clinicians who manage patients with chronic malignant and non-malignant pain.
Studying hydrogen permeability by method of concentration pulses

The experimental method of concentration pulses applied for studying hydrogen permeability of construction materials is considered. An algorithm of parametric identification is constructed. Parameter estimations for hydrogen transport in amorphous and recrystallized ferrum alloys are presented.
The Focussed D* Algorithm for Real-Time Replanning

Finding the lowest-cost path through a graph is central to many problems, including route planning for a mobile robot. If arc costs change during the traverse, then the remainder of the path may need to be replanned. This is the case for a sensor-equipped mobile robot with imperfect information about its environment. As the robot acquires additional information via its sensors, it can revise its plan to reduce the total cost of the traverse. If the prior information is grossly incomplete, the robot may discover useful information in every piece of sensor data. During replanning, the robot must either wait for the new path to be computed or move in the wrong direction; therefore, rapid replanning is essential. The D* algorithm (Dynamic A*) plans optimal traverses in real-time by incrementally repair ing paths to the robot’s state as new information is discovered. This paper describes an extension to D* that focusses the repairs to significantly reduce the total time required for the initial path calculation and subsequent replanning operat ions. This extens ion completes the development of the D* algori thm as a ful l generalization of A* for dynamic environments, where arc costs can change during the traverse of the solution path. 1
The challenge for multichannel services: Cross-channel free-riding behavior

In multichannel environments, consumers can move easily among different channels. They engage in cross-channel free-riding when they use one retailer’s channel to obtain information or evaluate products and then switch to another retailer’s channel to complete the purchase. Cross-channel free-riding erodes profits and is one of the most important issues that firms face in the multichannel era. The current study focuses on the most popular type of cross-channel free-riding: searching for product information in an online store and then purchasing in another brick-and-mortar store. It explores antecedents that may contribute to consumer switching behaviors through a questionnaire focused on cross-channel free-riding behavior. The empirical results reveal that when consumers perceive more multichannel self-efficacy, they engage in more cross-channel free-riding behavior. Perceived service quality of competitors’ offline store and the reduced risk in the brick-and-mortar channel influence the attractiveness of this behavior and increase cross-channel free-riding intentions. By increasing within-firm lock-in levels, firms can reduce consumers’ cross-channel free-riding intentions. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of non-parametric methods for assessing classifier performance in terms of ROC parameters

The most common metric to assess a classifier's performance is the classification error rate, or the probability of misclassification (PMC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a more general way to measure the performance. Some metrics that summarize the ROC curve are the two normal-deviate-axes parameters, i.e., a and b, and the area under the curve (AUC). The parameters "a" and "b" represent the intercept and slope, respectively, for the ROC curve if plotted on normal-deviate-axes scale. AUC represents the average of the classifier TPF over FPF resulting from considering different threshold values. In the present work, we used Monte-Carlo simulations to compare different bootstrap-based estimators, e.g., leave-one-out, .632, and .632+ bootstraps, to estimate the AUC. The results show the comparable performance of the different estimators in terms of RMS, while the .632+ is the least biased.
Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival

Intake of colostrum after birth is essential to stimulate intestinal growth and function, and to provide systemic immunological protection via absorption of Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The birth order and weight of 745 piglets (from 75 litters) were recorded during a one-week period of farrowing. Only pigs weighing greater than 0.68 kg birth weight were chosen for the trial. Sow colostrum was collected during parturition, and piglets were bled between 48 and 72 hours post-birth. Piglet serum IgG and colostral IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Sow parity had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on sow colostral IgG concentration, being 5% higher in multiparous females. Sow colostral IgG concentration explained 6% and piglet birth order accounted for another 4% of the variation observed in piglet serum IgG concentration (P < 0.05); however, birth weight had no detectable effect. Piglet serum IgG concentration had both a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on % survival. Piglets with 1,000 mg/dl serum IgG or less (n=24) had a 67% survival; whereas, piglets with IgG concentrations between 2250 to 2500 mg/dl (n=247) had a 91% survival. Birth order had no detectable effect on survival, but birth weight had a positive linear effect (P < 0.05). Piglets weighing 0.9 kg (n = 107) at birth had a 68% survival rate, and those weighing 1.6 kg (n = 158) had an 89% survival. We found that the combination of sow colostrum IgG concentration and birth order can account for 10% of the variation of piglet serum IgG concentration and that piglets with less than 1,000 mg/dl IgG serum concentration and weight of 0.9 kg at birth had low survival rate when compared to their larger siblings. The effective management of colostrum uptake in neonatal piglets in the first 24 hrs post-birth may potentially improve survival from birth to weaning.
The influence of online product recommendations on consumers ’ online choices

This study investigates consumers’ usage of online recommendation sources and their influence on online product choices. A 3 (websites) × 4 (recommendation sources) × 2 (products) online experiment was conducted with 487 subjects. Results indicate that subjects who consulted product recommendations selected recommended products twice as often as subjects who did not consult recommendations. The online recommendation source labeled “recommender system,” typical of the personalization possibilities offered by online retailing, was more influential than more traditional recommendation sources such as “human experts” and “other consumers”. The type of product also had a significant influence on the propensity to follow product recommendations. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are provided. © 2004 by New York University. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing. Language, Knowledge, and Intelligence

Knowledge base (KB) completion aims to predict new facts from the existing ones in KBs. There are many KB completion approaches, one of the state-of-art approaches is Path Ranking Algorithm (PRA), which predicts new facts based on path types connecting entities. PRA treats the relation prediction as a classification problem, and logistic regression is used as the classification model. In this work, we consider the relation prediction as a ranking problem; learning to rank model is trained on path types to predict new facts. Experiments on YAGO show that our proposed approach outperforms approaches using classification models.
The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobias in women.

BACKGROUND
To explore the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV phobia.


METHOD
Female twins (n=1430) from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed at personal interview for DSM-IV lifetime specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. Comorbidity between the phobias were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and polychoric correlations and multivariate twin models were fitted in Mx.


RESULTS
Phenotypic correlations of lifetime phobia diagnoses ranged from 0.55 (agoraphobia and social phobia, OR 10.95) to 0.06 (animal phobia and social phobia, OR 1.21). In the best fitting twin model, which did not include shared environmental factors, heritability estimates for the phobias ranged from 0.43 to 0.63. Comorbidity between the phobias was accounted for by two common liability factors. The first loaded principally on animal phobia and did not influence the complex phobias (agoraphobia and social phobia). The second liability factor strongly influenced the complex phobias, but also loaded weak to moderate on all the other phobias. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by a specific genetic factor, which accounted for 51% of the total and 81% of the genetic variance.


CONCLUSIONS
Phobias are highly co-morbid and heritable. Our results suggest that the co-morbidity between phobias is best explained by two distinct liability factors rather than a single factor, as has been assumed in most previous multivariate twin analyses. One of these factors was specific to the simple phobias, while the other was more general. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by disorder specific genetic factors.
Urdu Word Segmentation using Machine Learning Approaches

Word Segmentation is considered a basic NLP task and in diverse NLP areas, it plays a significant role. The main areas which can be benefited from Word segmentation are IR, POS, NER, sentiment analysis, etc. Urdu Word Segmentation is a challenging task. There can be a number of reasons but Space Insertion Problem and Space Omission Problems are the major ones. Compared to Urdu, the tools and resources developed for word segmentation of English and English like other western languages have record-setting performance. Some languages provide a clear indication for words just like English which having space or capitalization of the first character in a word. But there are many languages which do not have proper delimitation in between words e.g. Thai, Lao, Urdu, etc. The objective of this research work is to present a machine learning based approach for Urdu word segmentation. We adopted the use of conditional random fields (CRF) to achieve the subject task. Some other challenges faced in Urdu text are compound words and reduplicated words. In this paper, we tried to overcome such challenges in Urdu text by machine learning methodology. Keywords—Part-of-speech (POS); NER; word segmentation; information retrieval; Natural Language Processing (NLP); conditional random fields (CRF)
Two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of a clinical nurse specialist intervention, inpatient, and day patient team care in rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM
To compare the long-term effectiveness of care delivered by a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) with inpatient team care and day patient team care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and increasing functional limitations. Background. The role of CNSs in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is evolving, and their effectiveness in comparison with care provided by a rheumatologist alone has been established. However, long-term controlled studies showing how the effectiveness of CNSs compares with that of other forms of co-ordinated care, such as multidisciplinary team care, are lacking.


METHODS
Two hundred and ten patients rheumatoid arthritis patients were randomized to care delivered by a CNS in a rheumatology outpatient clinic (12 weeks), inpatient team care (2 weeks) and day patient team care (3 weeks). Clinical assessments recorded on study entry, weeks 12, 26, 52, 78 and 104 comprised the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and MacMaster Toronto Arthritis (MACTAR) patient preference interview as primary outcome measures. Grip strength, walk test, RAND-36, Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life questionnaire and disease activity score (DAS) were applied as secondary outcome measures.


RESULTS
No significant differences in medical treatment, use of services of other health professionals, introduction of adaptive equipment or number of hospitalizations were observed between the three treatment groups during 2 year follow-up, except that visits to nurse specialists were more frequent and home help was less frequent in the CNS group. A comparison of clinical outcomes among the three groups and a comparison between the nurse specialist and inpatient and day patient care groups together did not show any significant differences. Within all three groups functional status, quality of life and disease activity improved significantly (P < 0.05). In general, the results obtained after 12 weeks remained stable until 104 weeks after the start of the study.


CONCLUSION
Care provided by a CNS in an outpatient rheumatology clinic has a similar long-term clinical outcome to inpatient and day patient team care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A CNS intervention appears to be an effective innovation in the care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Evaluation of performance measures for materials management process in industrial construction projects

Evaluation of Performance Measures for Materials Management Process in Industrial Construction Projects. By. MOHAMMED KASHIF UL ASAD. A Thesis. with evaluating characteristics that are deemed necessary for a supplier to provide a. materials management process have been examined. logistics, performance indicators. total project costs (Construction Industry Institute, 1987). Excellence in Project Management is achieved through a structured process that. throughout the project based on stakeholder values, performance metrics. When evaluating options, the whole-life value should be considered and not limited. been created by the Construction Industry Council (CIC) and it measures. In general, lean construction projects are easier to manage, safer, completed sooner. Also, it is intended to develop methodology for process evaluation and define. The results showed that there was strong support that more reliable material. performance and productivity of the industry, and certain serious measures.
Information metrics (iMetrics): a research specialty with a socio-cognitive identity?

“Bibliometrics”, “scientometrics”, “informetrics”, and “webometrics” can all be considered as manifestations of a single research area with similar objectives and methods, which we call “information metrics” or iMetrics. This study explores the cognitive and social distinctness of iMetrics with respect to the general information science (IS), focusing on a core of researchers, shared vocabulary and literature/knowledge base. Our analysis investigates the similarities and differences between four document sets. The document sets are drawn from three core journals for iMetrics research (Scientometrics, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, and Journal of Informetrics). We split JASIST into document sets containing iMetrics and general IS articles. The volume of publications in this representation of the specialty has increased rapidly during the last decade. A core of researchers that predominantly focus on iMetrics topics can thus be identified. This core group has developed a shared vocabulary as exhibited in high similarity of title words and one that shares a knowledge base. The research front of this field moves faster than the research front of information science in general, bringing it closer to Price’s dream.
Cybersemiotics: An Evolutionary World View Going Beyond Entropy and Information into the Question of Meaning

What makes Cybersemiotics different from other approaches attempting to produce a transdisciplinary theory of information, cognition and communication is its absolute naturalism, which forces us to view life, consciousness and cultural meaning all as a part of nature and evolution. It thus opposes a number of orthodoxies: 1. The physico-chemical scientific paradigm based on third person objective empirical knowledge and mathematical theory, but with no conceptions of experiental life, meaning and first person embodied consciousness and therefore meaningful linguistic intersubjectivity; 2. The biological and natural historical science approach understood as the combination of genetic evolutionary theory with an ecological and thermodynamic view based on the evolution of experiental living systems as the ground fact and engaged in a search for empirical truth, yet doing so without a theory of meaning and first person embodied consciousness and thereby linguistic meaningful intersubjectivity; 3. The linguistic-cultural-social structuralist constructivism that sees all knowledge as constructions of meaning produced by the intersubjective web of language, cultural mentality and power, but with no concept of empirical truth, life, evolution, ecology and a very weak concept of subjective embodied first person consciousness even while taking conscious intersubjective communication and knowledge processes as the basic fact to study (the linguistic turn); 4. Any approach which takes the qualitative distinction between subject and object as the ground fact, on which all meaningful knowledge is based, considering all result of the sciences including linguistics and embodiment of consciousness as secondary knowledge, as opposed to a phenomenological (Husserl) or actually phaneroscopic (Peirce) first person point of view considering conscious meaningful experiences in advance of the subject/object distinction. The phaneroscopic semiotics includes an intersubjective base as Peirce considers all knowledge as intersubjectively produced through signs and view emotions and qualia as Firstness. The integrative transdisciplinary synthesis of Cybersemiotics starts by accepting
An evaluation of sexual functioning in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder treated with desvenlafaxine 50 mg or placebo.

INTRODUCTION
The symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) include sexual dysfunction, but antidepressant pharmacotherapies are also associated with treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction.


AIM
These secondary and post hoc analyses evaluated sexual functioning in employed adult outpatients with MDD treated with desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) and placebo.


METHOD
Patients were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day or placebo.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) was administered every 4 weeks. Analysis of covariance was used to compare differences in mean change from baseline ASEX scores between desvenlafaxine and placebo for women and men.


RESULTS
There were 422 evaluable patients with baseline ASEX scores (desvenlafaxine, N = 281; placebo, N = 141). Among women (desvenlafaxine, N = 184; placebo, N = 92), baseline scores were 20.0 (5.2) and 20.5 (5.3) for desvenlafaxine and placebo, respectively; mean changes at week 12 were -1.93 (0.37) and -1.03 (0.54), respectively (mean difference: 0.90 [-0.38, 2.18]; P = 0.169). Among men (desvenlafaxine, N = 97; placebo, N = 49), baseline scores were 16.4 (4.9) and 15.9 (4.8) for desvenlafaxine and placebo, respectively; mean changes at week 12 were -1.13 (0.47) and -1.06 (0.70), respectively (mean difference: 0.07 [-1.59, 1.74]; P = 0.932). Significantly greater orgasmic dysfunction at week 12 was observed in the subgroup of men without baseline sexual dysfunction treated with desvenlafaxine relative to placebo. Conversely, women without baseline sexual dysfunction experienced poorer overall sexual functioning and orgasm satisfaction at week 12 with placebo relative to desvenlafaxine treatment. Subgroup analyses of treatment responders and nonresponders found no difference in the proportion of men or women that developed or had resolution of sexual dysfunction in the desvenlafaxine and placebo groups.


CONCLUSION
With the exception of orgasmic dysfunction in men without preexisting sexual dysfunction, no significant negative effect on sexual functioning was observed over 12 weeks of treatment with desvenlafaxine.
Infliximab treatment in combination with cyclosporin A in patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether infliximab can be used in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who cannot tolerate methotrexate (MTX).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen patients with refractory RA receiving low dose CsA (2 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (5 mg/day) were treated with intravenous infliximab. The patients were given infliximab (3 mg/kg weight) at 0, two, six, and every eight weeks thereafter for a total period of 12 months. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response criteria.


RESULTS
Eighty per cent of patients receiving the combination treatment with CsA and infliximab achieved the 20% ACR criteria for response to treatment, whereas 39% satisfied the 50% response criteria. In addition, a 76% reduction in swollen and tender joint count was found. Finally, a reduction in C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was maintained throughout the study. In general, treatment was well tolerated, with minimal adverse drug reactions. Two patients dropped out; one because of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction and the other because of the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.


CONCLUSION
Multiple infusions of infliximab and low doses of CsA improve patients with refractory RA. It seems that CsA may be an alternative disease modifying drug to be used in combination with infliximab in patients with refractory RA who cannot tolerate MTX.