LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Motion Detection and Tracking using Background Subtraction and Consecutive Frames Difference Method

Recently security concerns have grown tremendously, it is important for all to be able to safeguard their property from worldly harms such as thefts, destruction of property etc. As the technology is widely growing in modern world, the methodologies used by thieves and robbers also equally improved in stealing. Therefore, it is necessary for the surveillance techniques also to be improved with the changing world. The latest technologies used against theft and destruction are the video surveillance and monitoring. A new methodology has been developed to detect the motion in a live video stream environment. The motion detection system is implemented for real time applications, background subtraction method and frame difference methods are used for detecting the motion from video frames. In this system, motion is detected from the real time video. Motion detection is usually a software-based monitoring system which, when it detects the motion will signal the surveillance camera to begin capturing the event or shows the motion detection using graphical method or by indicating an alarm. Background motion detection method is a simple method for motion detection by a fixed camera which compares the current image with a reference image or background image pixel by pixel. The values of pixels in difference image is compared with threshold value and if the pixel value is more than threshold value then it means there is motion in the area being monitored.
Overview of anal fistula and systematic review of ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT)

Anal fistula management has long been a challenge for surgeons. Presently, no technique exists that is ideal for treating all types of anal fistula, whether simple or complex. A higher incidence of poor sphincter function and recurrence after surgery has encouraged the development of a new sphincter-sparing procedure, ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT), first described by Van der Hagen et al. in 2006. We assessed the safety, feasibility, success rate, and continence of LIFT as a sphincter-saving procedure. A literature search of articles in electronic databases published from January 2006 to August 2012 was performed. Analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews recommendations. All LIFT-related articles published in the English language were included. We excluded case reports, abstracts, letters, non-English language articles, and comments. The procedure was described in detail as reported by Rojanasakul. Thirteen original studies, including 435 patients, were reviewed. The most common fistula procedure type was transsphincteric (92.64 %). The overall median operative time was 39 (±20.16) min. Eight authors performed LIFT as a same-day surgery, whereas the others admitted patients to the hospital, with an overall median stay of 1.25 days (range 1–5 days). Postoperative complications occurred in 1.88 % of patients. All patients remained continent postoperatively. The overall mean length of follow-up was 33.92 (±17.0) weeks. The overall mean healing rate was 81.37 (±16.35) % with an overall mean healing period of 8.15 (±5.96) weeks. Fistula recurrence occurred in 7.58 % of patients. LIFT represents a new, easy-to-learn, and inexpensive sphincter-sparing procedure that provides reasonable results. LIFT is safe and feasible, with favorable short- and long-term outcomes. However, additional prospective randomized studies are required to confirm these findings.
Estimating short and long-term residential demand for electricity : new evidence from Sri Lanka

This study investigates the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationship between residential electricity demand and factors influencing demand per capita income, price of electricity, price of kerosene oil and price of liquefied petroleum gas using annual data for Sri Lanka for the period, 1960-2007. The study uses unit root, cointegration and error correction models. The long-run demand elasticities of income, own price and price of kerosene oil (substitute) were estimated to be 0.78, 0.62, and 0.14 respectively. The short-run elasticities for the same variables were estimated to be 0.32, -0.16 and 0.10 respectively. Liquefied petroleum (LP) gas is a substitute for electricity only in the short-run with an elasticity of 0.09. The main findings of the paper support the following (1) increasing the price of electricity is not the most effective tool to reduce electricity consumption (2) existing subsidies on electricity consumption can be removed without reducing government revenue (3) the long-run income elasticity of demand shows that any future increase in household incomes is likely to significantly increase the demand for electricity (4) any power generation plans which consider only current per capita consumption and population growth should be revised taking into account the potential future income increases in order to avoid power shortages in the country. JEL Classifications: Q40;Q41; Q48; Q50; Q56
Correlation between optical coherence tomographic hyperreflective foci and visual outcomes after intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion

To investigate the correlation between hyperreflective foci (HF) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at baseline and visual outcomes after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) in branch retinal vein occlusion. We retrospectively studied 97 eyes of 97 patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO, who were treated with IVB. The eyes were divided into three groups according to the location of HF on SD-OCT: HF in outer retinal layers, HF in inner retinal layers, and no HF. The baseline and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (FT), external limiting membrane (ELM) status, junction between photoreceptor inner and outer segments (IS/OS) status, and the number of HF were evaluated and compared among three groups. Baseline BCVA was correlated with baseline FT (R = 0.366, p < 0.001), but final BCVA was not correlated with final FT (R = −0.008, p = 0.942). Baseline BCVA was significantly better in eyes with intact ELM at baseline (p = 0.006), and final BCVA was significantly better in eyes with intact ELM and IS/OS at final visit (p <  0.001, p = 0.003 respectively). At the final visit, 15 of 37 eyes (40.5 %) with HF in outer retinal layers had a disrupted ELM (p = 0.001), while 28 of 37 eyes (75.7 %) with HF in outer retinal layers had a disrupted IS/OS (p <  0.001). Final BCVA was poorer in eyes with HF in outer retinal layers groups than those in the other two groups (p <  0.001), although baseline BCVA was not different between them. HF on SD-OCT at baseline might predict the photoreceptor status and final VA after IVB in BRVO.
Qualitative Based Comparison of Routing Protocols for VANET

Vehicular ad hoc network is one of the most promising applications of MANET that an inter communication system. In VANET nodes which are vehicles can move safety with high speed and generally must communicate quickly reliably. When an accident occurs in a road or highway, alarm messages must be disseminated, instead of ad hoc routed, to inform all other vehicles. Vehicular ad hoc network architecture and cellular technology to achieve intelligent communication and improve road traffic safety and efficiency .To organize their in vehicle computing system, vehicle to vehicle ad hoc networks, hybrid architecture with special properties such as high mobility, network portioning and constrained topology .there is a lot of research about VANET for driving services, traffic information services, user communication and information services. VANET can perform effective communication by utilizing routing information. Some researchers are contributed a lots in the area of VANET. In this articles mainly focusing on significant features, performance improvement in comparisons of routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET).
Parent-school relationships and children's academic and social outcomes in public school pre-kindergarten.

Two dimensions of parent-school relationships, parental school involvement and parents' perceptions of teacher responsiveness to child/parent, were examined in state-funded pre-kindergarten classrooms in a large urban school district. Children's social and academic outcomes were individually assessed in the fall and spring. Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses revealed that parental school involvement positively predicted children's social skills (d=.55) and mathematics skills (d=.36), and negatively predicted problem behaviors (d=.47). Perceived teacher responsiveness to child/parent was positively related to children's early reading (d=.43), and social skills (d=.43), and negatively to problem behaviors (d=.61). All analyses controlled for quality of teacher interaction with children in the classroom, parental home involvement, parental education level, and child race/ethnicity.
The Milan factor for jet-shape observables

This talk discusses and explains the two-loop corrections, also known as the Milan factor, for power corrections to jet-shape observables.
Certified Robustness to Adversarial Examples with Differential Privacy

Adversarial examples that fool machine learning models, particularly deep neural networks, have been a topic of intense research interest, with attacks and defenses being developed in a tight back-and-forth. Most past defenses are best effort and have been shown to be vulnerable to sophisticated attacks. Recently a set of certified defenses have been introduced, which provide guarantees of robustness to normbounded attacks. However these defenses either do not scale to large datasets or are limited in the types of models they can support. This paper presents the first certified defense that both scales to large networks and datasets (such as Google’s Inception network for ImageNet) and applies broadly to arbitrary model types. Our defense, called PixelDP, is based on a novel connection between robustness against adversarial examples and differential privacy, a cryptographically-inspired privacy formalism, that provides a rigorous, generic, and flexible foundation for defense.
CONVERGENCE: A SPATIAL DYNAMIC PANEL DATA APPROACH

A spatial dynamic panel data approach is adopted to study regional growth convergence in the U.S. economy. In the neoclassical growth model, regions and countries are assumed to be independent from each other, which may not be valid in the real world. We introduce technological spillovers into the neoclassical framework, showing that the convergence rate is higher and there is spatial interaction. By examing annual data on personal state income spanning the period of 1930-2006 for the 48 contiguous states, we obtain empirical results that are consistent with the theoretical prediction. JEL classication: O33; O47; O51
The effects of forest therapy on depression and anxiety in patients with chronic stroke.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether forest therapy is effective for treating depression and anxiety in patients with chronic stroke by using several psychological tests. We measured reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) levels and biological antioxidant potentials (BAPs) associated with psychological stress.


METHODS
Fifty-nine patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to either a forest group (staying at a recreational forest site) or to an urban group (staying in an urban hotel); the duration and activities performed by both groups were the same. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), d-ROMs and BAPs were evaluated both before and after the treatment programs.


RESULTS
In the forest group, BDI, HAM-D17 and STAI scores were significantly lower following treatment, and BAPs were significantly higher than baseline. In the urban group, STAI scores were significantly higher following treatment. Moreover, BDI, HAM-D17 and STAI scores of the forest group were significantly lower, and BAPs were significantly higher following treatment (ANCOVA, p <0.05).


CONCLUSION
Forest therapy is beneficial for treating depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic stroke, and may be particularly useful in patients who cannot be treated with standard pharmacological or electroconvulsive therapies.
Guides (English): Aerospace Engineering: Books

This guide offers you quick and easy access to electronic and print resources in the field of aerospace engineering.
A User-Centric View of Intelligent Environments: User Expectations, User Experience and User Role in Building Intelligent Environments

Our everyday environments are gradually becoming intelligent, facilitated both by technological development and user activities. Although large-scale intelligent environments are still rare in actual everyday use, they have been studied for quite a long time, and several user studies have been carried out. In this paper, we present a user-centric view of intelligent environments based on published research results and our own experiences from user studies with concepts and prototypes. We analyze user acceptance and users’ expectations that affect users’ willingness to start using intelligent environments and to continue using them. We discuss user experience of interacting with intelligent environments where physical and virtual elements are intertwined. Finally, we touch on the role of users in shaping their own intelligent environments instead of just using ready-made environments. People are not merely “using” the intelligent environments but they live in them, and they experience the environments via embedded services and new interaction tools as well as the physical and social environment. Intelligent environments should provide emotional as well as instrumental value to the people who live in them, and the environments should be trustworthy and controllable both by regular users and occasional visitors. Understanding user expectations and user experience in intelligent environments, OPEN ACCESS
Implementation of smartphone environment remote control and monitoring system for Android operating system-based robot platform

In this work, Android operating system based robot platform and smart phone operated control and monitoring system are introduced. To implement this work, Cortex-A8 series S5PV210 embedded processor and Android operating system are correlated. The robot has an autonomous and manual travel and is controlled by only smart phone. In the Android OS (Operating System), the camera image is compressed to JPEG format and the image file is delivered to a smart phone through 802.11x wireless LAN communication which utilizes TCP/IP communication socket programming. Later, the transferred image data are converted into BMP format, which enables a real time image display.
Applying the learning rate adaptation to the matrix factorization based collaborative filtering

Matrix Factorization (MF) based Collaborative Filtering (CF) have proved to be a highly accurate and scalable approach to recommender systems. In MF based CF, the learning rate is a key factor affecting the recommendation accuracy and convergence rate; however, this essential parameter is difficult to decide, since the recommender has to keep the balance between the recommendation accuracy and convergence rate. In this work, we choose the Regularized Matrix Factorization (RMF) based CF as the base model to discuss the effect of the learning rate in MF based CF, trying to deal with the dilemma of learning rate tuning through learning rate adaptation. First of all, we empirically validate the affection caused by the change of the learning rate on the recommendation performance. Subsequently, we integrate three sophisticated learning rate adapting strategies into RMF, including the Deterministic Step Size Adaption (DSSA), the Incremental Delta Bar Delta (IDBD), and the Stochastic Meta Decent (SMD). Thereafter, by analyzing the characteristics of the parameter update in RMF, we further propose the Gradient Cosine Adaption (GCA). The experimental results on five public large datasets demonstrate that by employing GCA, RMF could maintain good balance between accuracy and convergence rate, especially with small learning rate values. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adapting Radix Sort to the Memory Hierarchy

We demonstrate the importance of reducing misses in the translation-lookaside buffer (TLB) for obtaining good performance on modern computer architectures. We focus on least-significantbit first (LSB) radix sort, standard implementations of which make many TLB misses. We give three techniques which simultaneously reduce cache and TLB misses for LSB radix sort: reducing working set size, explicit block transfer and pre-sorting. We note that: • All the techniques above yield algorithms whose implementations outperform optimised cache-tuned implementations of LSB radix sort and comparison-based sorting algorithms. The fastest running times are obtained by the pre-sorting approach and these are over twice as fast as optimised cache-tuned implementations of LSB radix sort and quicksort. Even the simplest optimisation, using the TLB size to guide the choice of radix in standard implementations of LSB radix sort, gives good improvements over cache-tuned algorithms. • One of the pre-sorting algorithms and explicit block transfer make few cache and TLB misses in the worst case. This is not true of standard implementations of LSB radix sort.We also apply these techniques to the problem of permuting an array of integers, and obtain gains of over 30% relative to the naive algorithm by using explicit block transfer.
Environmental Protection and International Trade: Greening the Investment Arbitration?

This paper studies several relevant cases in the area of investment arbitration. The author stresses how the environmental protection is a very relevant issue in these ICSID´s decisions.
Security and Privacy Challenges in the Smart Grid

Global electrical grids are verging on the largest technological transformation since the introduction of electricity into the home. The antiquated infrastructure that delivers power to our homes and businesses is being replaced with a collection of digital systems called the smart grid. This grid is the modernization of the existing electrical system that enhances customers' and utilities' ability to monitor, control, and predict energy use.
ROSACEA AND HOMEOPATHY

Rosacea is a common cutaneous disorder affecting the face. It is more frequently encountered in fairskinned races and in females. The aetiology is unknown. The treatment of rosacea can be difficult and includes topical treatments like benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin and metronidazole as well as systemic treatments like retinoids. We present three cases of rosacea treated homeopathically. They all had the papulopustular variant of rosacea. They comprised one male patient and two female patients. The treatments were individualized and included the homeopathic medicines Lachesis for the male patient and Causticum as well as Lycopodium for the female patients. Remission was seen in all three cases and was maintained after cessation of treatment. In conclusion, the cases show that homeopathy may be another alternative to the care of patients with this common, but difficult to treat disorder.
Person identification from the EEG using nonlinear signal classification.

OBJECTIVES
This paper focusses on the person identification problem based on features extracted from the ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG). A bilinear rather than a purely linear model is fitted on the EEG signal, prompted by the existence of non-linear components in the EEG signal--a conjecture already investigated in previous research works. The novelty of the present work lies in the comparison between the linear and the bilinear results, obtained from real field EEG data, aiming towards identification of healthy subjects rather than classification of pathological cases for diagnosis.


METHODS
The EEG signal of a, in principle, healthy individual is processed via (non)linear (AR, bilinear) methods and classified by an artificial neural network classifier.


RESULTS
Experiments performed on real field data show that utilization of the bilinear model parameters as features improves correct classification scores at the cost of increased complexity and computations. Results are seen to be statistically significant at the 99.5% level of significance, via the chi 2 test for contingency.


CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained in the present study further corroborate existing research, which shows evidence that the EEG carries individual-specific information, and that it can be successfully exploited for purposes of person identification and authentication.
Compression of facial images using the K-SVD algorithm

The use of sparse representations in signal and image processing is gradually increasing in the past several years. Obtaining an overcomplete dictionary from a set of signals allows us to represent them as a sparse linear combination of dictionary atoms. Pursuit algorithms are then used for signal decomposition. A recent work introduced the K-SVD algorithm, which is a novel method for training overcomplete dictionaries that lead to sparse signal representation. In this work we propose a new method for compressing facial images, based on the K-SVD algorithm. We train K-SVD dictionaries for predefined image patches, and compress each new image according to these dictionaries. The encoding is based on sparse coding of each image patch using the relevant trained dictionary, and the decoding is a simple reconstruction of the patches by linear combination of atoms. An essential pre-process stage for this method is an image alignment procedure, where several facial features are detected and geometrically warped into a canonical spatial location. We present this new method, analyze its results and compare it to several competing compression techniques. 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Quantification of effective exoelectrogens by most probable number (MPN) in a microbial fuel cell.

The objective of this work was to quantify the number of exoelectrogens in wastewater capable of producing current in a microbial fuel cell by adapting the classical most probable number (MPN) methodology using current production as end point. Inoculating a series of microbial fuel cells with various dilutions of domestic wastewater and with acetate as test substrate yielded an apparent number of exoelectrogens of 17perml. Using current as a proxy for activity the apparent exoelectrogen growth rate was 0.03h(-1). With starch or wastewater as more complex test substrates similar apparent growth rates were obtained, but the apparent MPN based numbers of exoelectrogens in wastewater were significantly lower, probably because in contrast to acetate, complex substrates require complex food chains to deliver the electrons to the electrodes. Consequently, the apparent MPN is a function of the combined probabilities of members of the food chain being present.