LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A study to assess COPD Symptom-based Management and to Optimise treatment Strategy in Japan (COSMOS-J) based on GOLD 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Committee has proposed a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment framework focused on symptoms and on exacerbation risk. This study will evaluate a symptom and exacerbation risk-based treatment strategy based on GOLD in a real-world setting in Japan. Optimal management of COPD will be determined by assessing symptoms using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and by assessing the frequency of exacerbations.


METHODS
This study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01762800) is a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study. It aims to recruit 400 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Patients will be randomized to receive treatment with either salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFC) 50/250 μg twice daily or with tiotropium bromide 18 μg once daily. Optimal management of patients will be assessed at four-weekly intervals and, if patients remain symptomatic, as measured using the CAT, or experience an exacerbation, they have the option to step up to treatment with both drugs, ie, SFC twice daily and tiotropium once daily (TRIPLE therapy). The primary endpoint of the study will be the proportion of patients who are able to remain on the randomized therapy.


RESULTS
No data are available. This paper summarizes the methodology of the study in advance of the study starting.


CONCLUSION
The results of this study will help physicians to understand whether TRIPLE therapy is more effective than either treatment strategy alone in controlling symptoms and exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. It will also help physicians to understand the GOLD recommendation work in Japan.
Gabor Filter Design for Fingerprint Application Using Matlab and Verilog HDL

This paper demonstrates the application of Gabor Filter technique to enhance the fingerprint image. This work produces change in Gabor filter design by increasing the quality of an output which helps in higher security applications. The incoming signal in form of image pixel will be convoluted by Gabor filter to define the Edge and vale regions of fingerprint. The main characteristic of this paper is to store image pixel in memory if convolution signal is low and if the signal is high image is filtered.
Query-Oriented Summarization of RDF Graphs

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a graphbased data model promoted by the W3C as the standard for Semantic Web applications. Its associated query language is SPARQL. RDF graphs are often large and varied, produced in a variety of contexts, e.g., scientific applications, social or online media, government data etc. They are heterogeneous, i.e., resources described in an RDF graph may have very different sets of properties. An RDF resource may have: no types, one or several types (which may or may not be related to each other). RDF Schema (RDFS) information may optionally be attached to an RDF graph, to enhance the description of its resources. Such statements also entail that in an RDF graph, some data is implicit. According to the W3C RDF and SPARQL specification, the semantics of an RDF graph comprises both its explicit and implicit data; in particular, SPARQL query answers must be computed reflecting both the explicit and implicit data. These features make RDF graphs complex, both structurally and conceptually. It is intrinsically hard to get familiar with a new RDF dataset, especially if an RDF schema is sparse or not available at all. In this work, we study the problem of RDF summarization, that is: given an input RDF graph G, find an RDF graph SG which summarizes G as accurately as possible, while being possibly orders of magnitude smaller than the original graph. Such a summary can be used in a variety of contexts: to help an RDF application designer get acquainted with a new dataset, as a first-level user interface, or as a support for query optimization as typically used in semistructured graph data management [4] etc. Our approach is query-oriented, i.e., a summary should enable static analysis and help formulating and optimizing queries; for instance, querying a summary of a graph should reflect whether the query has some answers against this graph, or finding a simpler way to formulate the query etc. Ours is the first semi-structured data summarization approach focused on partially explicit, partially implicit RDF graphs. In the sequel, Section 2 recalls RDF basics, and sets the
Survey of Solid-State Fault Current Limiters

This paper presents a comparative survey of research activities and emerging technologies of solid-state fault current limiters for power distribution systems.
Peer Review of Chat Reference Transcripts: Approaches and Strategies

NCknows is a collaborative statewide chat-based reference service, launched in North Carolina in February 2004. The authors were contracted by the State Library of North Carolina as program evaluators for the NCknows project. This article reports on one component of the overarching evaluation effort: an analysis of the transcripts of NCknows chat sessions. This analysis was performed as a peer review, where NCknows librarians critiqued transcripts from the service. This study has three main findings: (1) The quality of reference service being provided by NCknows is high overall. (2) NCknows librarians are more engaged with users than are 24/7 staff members, but they are no more skilled in research or use of information sources. (3) Public librarians provide superior service, but academic librarians provide superior referrals. The implications of these findings for staffing chat reference services are discussed, with respect to librarians’ credentials and the participating libraries’ service philosophies. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 0740-8188/$ doi:10.1016/j.l 4 Correspond
Lateral calcaneal artery perforator-based skin flaps for coverage of lower-posterior heel defects.

BACKGROUND
Perforator-based flaps have been explored across almost all of the lower leg except in the Achilles tendon area. This paper introduced a perforator flap sourced from this area with regard to its anatomic basis and clinical applications.


METHODS
Twenty-four adult cadaver legs were dissected to investigate the perforators emerging along the lateral edge of the Achilles tendon in terms of number and location relative to the tip of the lateral malleolus, and distribution. Based on the anatomic findings, perforator flaps, based on the perforator(s) of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) alone or in concert with the perforator of the peroneal artery (PA), were used for reconstruction of lower-posterior heel defects in eight cases. Postoperatively, subjective assessment and Semmes-Weinstein filament test were performed to evaluate the sensibility of the sural nerve-innerved area.


RESULTS
The PA ended into the anterior perforating branch and LCA at the level of 6.0 ± 1.4 cm (range 3.3-9.4 cm) above the tip of the lateral malleolus. Both PA and LCA, especially the LCA, gave rise to perforators to contribute to the integument overlying the Achilles tendon. Of eight flaps, six were based on perforator(s) of the LCA and two were on perforators of the PA and LCA. Follow-up lasted for 6-28 months (mean 13.8 months), during which total flap loss and nerve injury were not found. Functional and esthetic outcomes were good in all patients.


CONCLUSION
The integument overlying the Achilles tendon gets its blood supply through the perforators of the LCA primarily and that of through the PA secondarily. The LCA perforator(s)-based and the LCA plus PA perforators-based stepladder flap is a reliable, sensate flap, and should be thought of as a valuable procedure of choice for coverage of lower-posterior heel defects in selected patients.
Effect of a pre-workout energy supplement on acute multi-joint resistance exercise.

The effect of a pre-workout energy supplement on acute multi- joint resistance exercise was examined in eight resistance-trained college-age men. Subjects were randomly provided either a placebo (P) or a supplement (S: containing caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, creatine, β-alanine, and the amino acids; leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine and arginine) 10 minutes prior to resistance exercise. Subjects performed 4 sets of no more than 10 repetitions of either barbell squat or bench press at 80% of their pre-determined 1 repetition- maximum (1RM) with 90 seconds of rest between sets. Dietary intake 24 hours prior to each of the two training trials was kept constant. Results indicate that consuming the pre-workout energy drink 10 minutes prior to resistance exercise enhances performance by significantly increasing the number of repetitions successfully performed (p = 0.022) in S (26.3 ± 9.2) compared to P (23.5 ± 9.4). In addition, the average peak and mean power performance for all four sets was significantly greater in S compared to P (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No differences were observed between trials in subjective feelings of energy during either pre (p = 0.660) or post (p = 0.179) meaures. Similary, no differences between groups, in either pre or post assessments, were observed in subjective feelings of focus (p = 0.465 and p = 0.063, respectively), or fatigue (p = 0.204 and p = 0.518, respectively). Results suggest that acute ingestion of a high-energy supplement 10 minutes prior to the onset of a multi-joint resistance training session can augment training volume and increase power performance during the workout. Key pointsConsumption of a pre-workout energy supplement containing caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, creatine, β-alanine, and amino acids consumed 10 minutes prior to a bout of resistance exercise enhances the total number of repetitions performed during the exercise bout.Power outputs for each repetition during the workout were significantly greater when using the supplement compared to placebo.Ingestion of supplement did not have any significant effect on subjective measures of fatigue, energy and focus.
Comparison Between Peer-to-Peer and Single-Spacecraft Refueling Strategies for Spacecraft in Circular Orbits

The lifespan of satellite constellations can be extended by periodic refueling and/or servicing of the satellites in the constellation. The traditional approach for satellite refueling/servicing is for a single satellite to refuel all satellites in the constellation in a sequential manner. Recently, an alternative, decentralized refueling approach has been proposed, namely, peer-to-peer (P2P) refueling. In a P2P refueling architecture, there is no a priori designated refueling satellite. Instead, all satellites in the constellation can play the role of the refueling/servicing spacecraft. In this paper, we compare single-spacecraft and mixed P2P refueling scenarios. We show that a mixed strategy with a P2P component may result in better overall fuel consumption.
Accuracy and outcomes of screening mammography in women with a personal history of early-stage breast cancer.

CONTEXT
Women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) are at risk of developing another breast cancer and are recommended for screening mammography. Few high-quality data exist on screening performance in PHBC women.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the accuracy and outcomes of mammography screening in PHBC women relative to screening of similar women without PHBC.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Cohort of PHBC women, mammogram matched to non-PHBC women, screened through facilities (1996-2007) affiliated with the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.


PARTICIPANTS
There were 58,870 screening mammograms in 19,078 women with a history of early-stage (in situ or stage I-II invasive) breast cancer and 58,870 matched (breast density, age group, mammography year, and registry) screening mammograms in 55,315 non-PHBC women.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mammography accuracy based on final assessment, cancer detection rate, interval cancer rate, and stage at diagnosis.


RESULTS
Within 1 year after screening, 655 cancers were observed in PHBC women (499 invasive, 156 in situ) and 342 cancers (285 invasive, 57 in situ) in non-PHBC women. Screening accuracy and outcomes in PHBC relative to non-PHBC women were cancer rates of 10.5 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 9.7-11.3) vs 5.8 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 5.2-6.4), cancer detection rate of 6.8 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 6.2-7.5) vs 4.4 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 3.9-5.0), interval cancer rate of 3.6 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 3.2-4.1) vs 1.4 per 1000 screens (95% CI, 1.1-1.7), sensitivity 65.4% (95% CI, 61.5%-69.0%) vs 76.5% (95% CI, 71.7%-80.7%), specificity 98.3% (95% CI, 98.2%-98.4%) vs 99.0% (95% CI, 98.9%-99.1%), abnormal mammogram results in 2.3% (95% CI, 2.2%-2.5%) vs 1.4% (95% CI, 1.3%-1.5%) (all comparisons P < .001). Screening sensitivity in PHBC women was higher for detection of in situ cancer (78.7%; 95% CI, 71.4%-84.5%) than invasive cancer (61.1%; 95% CI, 56.6%-65.4%), P < .001; lower in the initial 5 years (60.2%; 95% CI, 54.7%-65.5%) than after 5 years from first cancer (70.8%; 95% CI, 65.4%-75.6%), P = .006; and was similar for detection of ipsilateral cancer (66.3%; 95% CI, 60.3%-71.8%) and contralateral cancer (66.1%; 95% CI, 60.9%-70.9%), P = .96. Screen-detected and interval cancers in women with and without PHBC were predominantly early stage.


CONCLUSION
Mammography screening in PHBC women detects early-stage second breast cancers but has lower sensitivity and higher interval cancer rate, despite more evaluation and higher underlying cancer rate, relative to that in non-PHBC women.
Individual Daytime Noise Exposure during Routine Activities and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Repeated Measures Study

BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between noise exposure and cardiovascular events. However, there have been few studies of possible underlying mechanisms.


OBJECTIVES
We examined the association between individual daytime noise exposure and heart rate variability (HRV).


METHODS
In a prospective panel study in Augsburg, Germany (March 2007-December 2008), 110 individuals participated in 326 electrocardiogram recordings with a mean duration of 6 hr. Five-minute averages of heart rate (HR) and HRV parameters were determined. Individual noise exposure was measured as A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (L(eq)). Effects were estimated using additive mixed models adjusted for long- and short-term time trends and physical activity. Due to nonlinear exposure-response functions, we performed piecewise linear analyses with a cut-off point at 65 dB(A).


RESULTS
Concurrent increases of 5 dB(A) in L(eq) < 65 dB(A) were associated with increases in HR (percent change of mean value: 1.48%; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.60%) and the ratio of low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) power (4.89%; 95% CI: 3.48, 6.32%), and with decreases in LF (-3.77%; 95% CI: -5.49, -2.02%) and HF (-8.56%; 95% CI: -10.31, -6.78%) power. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) was positively associated with concurrent noise < 65 dB(A) (5.74%; 95% CI: 5.13, 6.36) but negatively associated with noise lagged by 5-15 min (-0.53% to -0.69%). Associations with cardiac function were less pronounced for noise ≥ 65 dB(A), with some in opposite directions from associations with noise < 65 dB(A). Concurrent associations were modified by sex and age.


CONCLUSIONS
Individual daytime noise exposure was associated with immediate changes in HRV, suggesting a possible mechanism linking noise to cardiovascular risk. Noise at lower levels may have health consequences beyond those resulting from "fight-or-flight" responses to high levels of noise.
Effect of Heat and pH Stress in the Growth of Chickpea Mesorhizobia

The development of rhizobial inoculants requires the selection of isolates that are symbiotically efficient as well as adapted to the local environmental conditions. Our aim was to find indigenous chickpea rhizobia tolerant to adverse environmental conditions, such as temperature and pH. Thirteen isolates of chickpea mesorhizobia from southern Portugal were examined. Tolerance to stress temperatures and pH was evaluated by quantification of bacterial growth at 20–37°C and pH 5–9, respectively. Tolerance to heat shocks was studied by submitting isolates to 46°C and 60°C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein analysis revealed qualitative and quantitative differences when isolates were submitted to temperature stress. A 60-kDa protein was overproduced by all isolates under heat stress. Almost all isolates revealed to be more tolerant to 20°C than to 37°C. A positive correlation was found between the maximum growth pH and the isolate origin soil pH. Generally, isolates more tolerant to temperature stress showed a lower symbiotic efficiency.
C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

CONTEXT
Inflammation is hypothesized to play a role in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); however, clinical data addressing this issue are limited.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether elevated levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with development of type 2 DM in healthy middle-aged women.


DESIGN
Prospective, nested case-control study.


SETTING
The Women's Health Study, an ongoing US primary prevention, randomized clinical trial initiated in 1992.


PARTICIPANTS
From a nationwide cohort of 27 628 women free of diagnosed DM, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline, 188 women who developed diagnosed DM over a 4-year follow-up period were defined as cases and matched by age and fasting status with 362 disease-free controls.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence of confirmed clinically diagnosed type 2 DM by baseline levels of IL-6 and CRP.


RESULTS
Baseline levels of IL-6 (P<.001) and CRP (P<.001) were significantly higher among cases than among controls. The relative risks of future DM for women in the highest vs lowest quartile of these inflammatory markers were 7.5 for IL-6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7-15.4) and 15.7 for CRP (95% CI, 6.5-37.9). Positive associations persisted after adjustment for body mass index, family history of diabetes, smoking, exercise, use of alcohol, and hormone replacement therapy; multivariate relative risks for the highest vs lowest quartiles were 2.3 for IL-6 (95% CI, 0.9-5.6; P for trend =.07) and 4.2 for CRP (95% CI, 1.5-12.0; P for trend =.001). Similar results were observed in analyses limited to women with a baseline hemoglobin A(1c) of 6.0% or less and after adjustment for fasting insulin level.


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated levels of CRP and IL-6 predict the development of type 2 DM. These data support a possible role for inflammation in diabetogenesis.
Review of Tourism Augmented Reality ( AR ) in Urban Heritage Tourism

New technology has been seen as a way for many businesses in the tourism industry to stay competitive and enhance their marketing campaign in various ways. AR has evolved as the buzzword of modern information technology and is gaining increasing attention in the media as well as through a variety of use cases. This trend is highly fostered across mobile applications as well as the hype of wearable computing triggered by Google’s Glass project to be launched in 2014. However, although research on AR has been conducted in various fields including the Urban Tourism industry, the majority of studies focus on technical aspects of AR, while others are tailored to specific applications. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the current implementation of AR in the Urban Tourism context and identifies areas of research and development that is required to guide the early stages of AR implementation in a purposeful way to enhance the tourist experience. The paper provides an overview of AR and examines the impacts AR has made on the economy. Hence, AR applications in Urban Tourism are identified and benefits of AR are discussed. Please cite this article as: Jung, T. and Han, D. (2014). Augmented Reality (AR) in Urban Heritage Tourism. e-Review of Tourism Research. (ISSN: 1941-5842) Augmented Reality (AR) in Urban Heritage Tourism Timothy Jung and Dai-In Han Department of Food and Tourism Management Manchester	  Metropolitan	  University,	  United	  Kingdom t.jung@mmu.ac.uk,	  d.han@mmu.ac.uk
Chest compressions cause recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after the first successful conversion by defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND
Unlike Resuscitation Guidelines (GL) 2000, GL2005 advise resuming cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately after defibrillation. We hypothesized that immediate CPR resumption promotes earlier recurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF).


METHODS AND RESULTS
This study used data of a prospective per-patient randomized controlled trial. Automated external defibrillators used by first responders were randomized to either (1) perform postshock analysis and prompt rescuers to a pulse check (GL2000), or (2) resume CPR immediately after defibrillation (GL2005). Continuous recordings of ECG and impedance signals were collected from all patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to whom a randomized automated external defibrillator was applied. We included patients with VF as their initial rhythm in whom CPR onset could be determined from the ECG and impedance signals. Time intervals are presented as median (Q1-to-Q3). Of 361 patients, 136 met the inclusion criteria: 68 were randomly assigned to GL2000 and 68 to GL2005. Rescuers resumed CPR 30 (21-to-39) and 8 (7-to-9) seconds, respectively, after the first shock that successfully terminated VF (P<0.001); VF recurred after 40 (21-to-76) and 21 (10-to-80) seconds, respectively (P=0.001). The time interval between start of CPR and VF recurrence was 6 (0-to-67) and 8 (3-to-61) seconds, respectively (P=0.88). The hazard ratio for VF recurrence in the first 2 seconds of CPR was 15.5 (95% confidence interval, 5.63 to 57.7) compared with before CPR resumption. After more than 8 seconds of CPR, the hazard of VF recurrence was similar to before CPR resumption.


CONCLUSIONS
Early CPR resumption after defibrillation causes early VF recurrence. Clinical Trial Registration- clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: ISRCTN72257677.
Response Ant Colony Optimization of End Milling Surface Roughness

Metal cutting processes are important due to increased consumer demands for quality metal cutting related products (more precise tolerances and better product surface roughness) that has driven the metal cutting industry to continuously improve quality control of metal cutting processes. This paper presents optimum surface roughness by using milling mould aluminium alloys (AA6061-T6) with Response Ant Colony Optimization (RACO). The approach is based on Response Surface Method (RSM) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The main objectives to find the optimized parameters and the most dominant variables (cutting speed, feedrate, axial depth and radial depth). The first order model indicates that the feedrate is the most significant factor affecting surface roughness.
Government Spending, Growth and Poverty in Rural India

Using state-level data for 1970–93, a simultaneous equation model was developed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of different types of government expenditure on rural poverty and productivity growth in India. The results show that in order to reduce rural poverty, the Indian government should give highest priority to additional investments in rural roads and agricultural research. These types of investment not only have much larger poverty impacts per rupee spent than any other government investment, but also generate higher productivity growth. Apart from government spending on education, which has the third largest marginal impact on rural poverty and productivity growth, other investments (including irrigation, soil and water conservation, health, and rural and community development) have only modest impacts on growth and poverty per additional rupee spent.