LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Tibiofemoral contact pressures and osteochondral microtrauma during anterior cruciate ligament rupture due to excessive compressive loading and internal torque of the human knee.

BACKGROUND
The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints, including 80 000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in the United States each year. Bone bruises are seen in over 80% of patients with ACL injuries, and have been associated with an overt loss of cartilage overlying those regions within 6 months of injury.


HYPOTHESIS
The level of contact pressure developed in the human knee joint and the extent of articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone injuries will depend on the mechanism of applied loads/moments during rupture of the ACL.


STUDY DESIGN
Controlled laboratory study.


METHODS
Seven knee pairs, flexed to 30 degrees , were loaded in compression or internal torsion until injury. Pressure-sensitive film recorded the magnitude and location of contact. Histologic analysis and magnetic resonance imaging were used to document microtrauma to the tibial plateau cartilage and subchondral bone.


RESULTS
All specimens suffered ACL injury, either in the form of a midsubstance rupture or avulsion fracture. The contact area and pressures were higher for compression than torsion experiments. After being loaded, the articular cartilage in the central and posterior regions of the medial tibial plateau showed increased magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity, corresponding to an increased susceptibility to absorb water. Histologically, there were more microcracks in the subchondral bone and more articular cartilage damage in the compression than torsion experiments.


CONCLUSION
Significant damage occurs to the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone during rupture of the ACL. The types and extent of these tissue injuries are a function of the mechanism of ACL rupture.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Patients suffering an ACL injury may be at risk of osteochondral damage, especially if the mechanism of injury involves a high compressive loading component, such as during a jump landing.
Trade Liberalization in Mexico: An Analysis of the Anti-Export Bias

2 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Sven Arndt for his invaluable insights and advice during the creation and completion of this paper. I would also like to thank Professor Heather Antecol for her constant feedback throughout the semester, and everyone else that helped me in constructing this paper. Abstract Modern trade theory suggests that protectionist policies hinder exports by altering domestic prices and production incentives. This paper examines the effect of import tariffs on Mexican non-oil exports through a comprehensive analysis of the Mexican trade sector, including a breakdown of the most important free trade agreements for the Mexican economy, information on Mexican resource mobility and factor endowment, and analysis on Mexico's tariff structure. The paper finds that import tariffs on both intermediate and final goods have a direct and significant effect on exports, alluding to the existence of an anti-export bias, and argues that free trade is the most effective way to promote exports and allow for domestic price readjustment.
Where to Now for Naval Shipbuilding and Repair

This paper looks at what is known, and what is not known, about the future of the Australian Naval Shipbuilding and Repair (NSR) Sector. The focus of the paper will be on naval construction because the decisions that are going to be made about construction will subsume the fate of the naval maintenance and repair sector.
Agglomerative Fuzzy K-Means Clustering Algorithm with Selection of Number of Clusters

In this paper, we present an agglomerative fuzzy K-means clustering algorithm for numerical data, an extension to the standard fuzzy K-means algorithm by introducing a penalty term to the objective function to make the clustering process not sensitive to the initial cluster centers. The new algorithm can produce more consistent clustering results from different sets of initial clusters centers. Combined with cluster validation techniques, the new algorithm can determine the number of clusters in a data set, which is a well known problem in $k$-means clustering. Experimental results on synthetic data sets (2 to 5 dimensions, 500 to 5000 objects and 3 to 7 clusters), the BIRCH two-dimensional data set of 20000 objects and 100 clusters, and the WINE data set of 178 objects, 17 dimensions and 3 clusters from UCI, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the new algorithm in producing consistent clustering results and determining the correct number of clusters in different data sets, some with overlapping inherent clusters.
Patient perceptions of reproductive health counseling at the time of cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study of female California cancer survivors.

PURPOSE
We sought to determine what women recall about reproductive health risks (RHR) from cancer therapy at the time of cancer diagnosis in order to identify barriers to reproductive health counseling (RHC) and fertility preservation (FP).


METHODS
Data were obtained by surveying 1,041 female cancer survivors from the California Cancer Registry. Inclusion criteria included women age 18-40 with a diagnosis of leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast or GI cancer diagnosed between 1993 and 2007. Women were asked to respond to an open-ended question: "what did your doctor tell you about how cancer treatment could affect your ability to get pregnant?" Framework analysis was used to identify themes surrounding patient perceptions of RHC.


RESULTS
Of the patients, 51.8 % (361 out of 697) recalled receiving reproductive health counseling and 12.2 % (85 out of 697) recalled receiving FP counseling. Of the patients, 45.3 % (277 out of 612) reported that uncertain prognosis, risk of recurrence or vertical transmission, age, parity, or uncertain desire may have prevented them from receiving timely and essential information on RHRs. Communication barriers included omission of information, failure to disclose RHRs, and presentation of incorrect information on FP.


DISCUSSION
In a sample of women diagnosed with cancer of reproductive age, almost half did not recall counseling on RHRs and few recalled FP counseling. Communication barriers between physicians and patients regarding fertility may lead to uninformed (reproductive health) RH decisions.


IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
Many women may not receive adequate information about RHRs or FP at the time of cancer diagnosis. Advancements in reproductive technology and emerging organizations that cover financial costs of FP have dramatically changed what options women have to preserve their fertility. Routine and thoughtful RHR and FP counseling, as well as collaborative cancer care will help ensure that women diagnosed with cancer are provided with the services and information they need to make an informed choice about their reproductive future.
Research advance and developing tendency of ecological river

Along with the social development, more and more people realized that conventional water conservancy project caused corruption of aquatic environment, and lose of river’s ecological functions. From 1930s, many scholars began to study theory of ecological river and application technology. The important progress was obtained. The ecological river theory and application technology were reviewed. According to practical situation of China, the direction of ecological river construction and research was suggested.
MapReduce and parallel DBMSs: friends or foes?

MapReduce complements DBMSs since databases are not designed for extract-transform-load tasks, a MapReduce specialty.
The Canonical Approach to Quantum Gravity: General Ideas and Geometrodynamics

We give an introduction to the canonical formalism of Einstein's theory of general relativity. This then serves as the starting point for one approach to quantum gravity called quantum geometrodynamics. The main features and applications of this approach are briefly summarized.
Open-Domain Neural Conversational Agents : The Step Towards Artificial General Intelligence

Development of conversational agents started half century ago and since then it has transformed into a technology that is accessible in various aspects in everyday life. This paper presents a survey current state-of-the-art in the open domain neural conversational agent research and future research directions towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) creation. In order to create a conversational agent which is able to pass the Turing Test, numerous research efforts are focused on open-domain dialogue system. This paper will present latest research in domain of Neural Network reasoning and logical association, sentiment analysis and real-time learning approaches applied to open domain neural conversational agents. As an effort to provide future research directions, current cuttingedge approaches applied to open domain neural conversational agents, current cutting-edge approaches in rationale generation and the state-of-the-art research directions in alternative training methods will be discussed in this paper. Keywords—Artificial intelligence; deep learning; neural networks; open domain chatbots; conversational agents
A Bayesian approach to terrain map inference based on vibration features

In this paper, we represent a terrain inference method based on vibration features. Autonomous navigation in unstructured environments is a challenging problem. Especially, the detailed interpretation of terrain in unstructured environments is necessary to set an efficient navigation trajectory. As the vibration features are obtained from interactions between the robot and terrain, terrain inference based on vibration can be conducted. To perform the terrain inference for robot path and unobserved field simultaneously, we use a Bayesian random field for structured prediction method. The robot path and the unobserved field are represented by the Conditional Random Field (CRF), and based on the terrain information observed on the robot path, the terrain of the region that the robot does not approach is estimated together. The proposed algorithm is tested with a 4WD mobile robot and real-terrain testbed.
Optimal trajectory generation for dynamic street scenarios in a Frenét Frame

Safe handling of dynamic highway and inner city scenarios with autonomous vehicles involves the problem of generating traffic-adapted trajectories. In order to account for the practical requirements of the holistic autonomous system, we propose a semi-reactive trajectory generation method, which can be tightly integrated into the behavioral layer. The method realizes long-term objectives such as velocity keeping, merging, following, stopping, in combination with a reactive collision avoidance by means of optimal-control strategies within the Frenét-Frame [12] of the street. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated in the simulation of a typical high-speed highway scenario.
Morphometric properties of the tensor fascia lata muscle in human foetuses.

BACKGROUND
In neonatal and early childhood surgeries such as meningomyelocele repairs, closing deep wounds and oncological treatment, tensor fasciae lata (TFL) flaps are used. However, there are not enough data about structural properties of TFL in foetuses, which can be considered as the closest to neonates in terms of sampling. This study's main objective is to gather data about morphological structures of TFL in human foetuses to be used in newborn surgery.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty formalin-fixed foetuses (24 male, 26 female) with gestational age ranging from 18 to 30 weeks (mean 22.94 ± 3.23 weeks) were included in the study. TFL samples were obtained by bilateral dissection and then surface area, width and length parameters were recorded. Digital callipers were used for length and width measurements whereas surface area was calculated using digital image analysis software.


RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in terms of numerical value of parameters between sides and sexes (p > 0.05). Linear functions for TFL surface area, width, anterior and posterior margin lengths were calculated as y = -225.652 + 14.417 × age (weeks), y = -5.571 + 0.595 × age (weeks), y = -4.276 + 0.909 × age (weeks), and y = -4.468 + 0.779 × age (weeks), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Linear functions for TFL surface area, width and lengths can be used in designing TFL flap dimensions in newborn surgery. In addition, using those described linear functions can also be beneficial in prediction of TFL flap dimensions in autopsy studies.
Design of symmetrical class E power amplifiers for very low harmonic-content applications

Class E power amplifier circuits are very suitable for high efficiency power amplification applications in the radio-frequency and microwave ranges. However, due to the inherent asymmetrical driving arrangement, they suffer significant harmonic contents in the output voltage and current, and usually require substantial design efforts in achieving the desired load matching networks for applications requiring very low harmonic contents. In this paper, the design of a Class E power amplifier with resonant tank being symmetrically driven by two Class E circuits is studied. The symmetrical Class E circuit, under nominal operating conditions, has extremely low harmonic distortions, and the design of the impedance matching network for harmonic filtering becomes less critical. Practical steady-state design equations for Class E operation are derived and graphically presented. Experimental circuits are constructed for distortion evaluation. It has been found that this circuit offers total harmonic distortions which are about an order of magnitude lower than those of the conventional Class E power amplifier.
The NJL interaction from q-deformed inspired transformations

From the mass term for q-deformed quark fields, we obtain effective contact interactions of the NJL type. The parameters of the model that maps a system of non-interacting deformed fields into quarks interacting via NJL contact terms is discussed.
AN IMAGE PROCESSING AND NEURAL NETWORK BASED APPROACH FOR DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT LEAF DISEASES

In the present paper we propose and evaluate a framework for detection and classification of plant leaf/stem diseases using image processing and neural network technique. The images of plant leaves affected by four types of diseases namely early blight, late blight, powdery-mildew and septoria has been considered for study and evaluation of feasibility of the proposed method. The color transformation structures were obtained by converting images from RGB to HSI color space. The Kmeans clustering algorithm was used to divide images into clusters for demarcation of infected area of the leaves. After clustering, the set of color and texture features viz. moment, mean, variance, contrast, correlation and entropy were extracted based on Color Co-occurrence Method (CCM). A feed forward back propagation neural network was configured and trained using extracted set of features and subsequently utilized for detection of leaf diseases. Keyword: Color Co-Occurrence Method, K-Means, Feed Forward Neural Network
Flow diversion treatment: intra-aneurismal blood flow velocity and WSS reduction are parameters to predict aneurysm thrombosis

To evaluate the haemodynamic changes induced by flow diversion treatment in cerebral aneurysms, resulting in thrombosis or persisting aneurysm patency over time. Eight patients with aneurysms at the para-ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery were treated by flow diversion only. The clinical follow-up ranged between 6 days and 12 months. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of pre- and post-treatment conditions was performed in all cases. True geometric models of the flow diverter were created and placed over the neck of the aneurysms by using a virtual stent-deployment technique, and the device was simulated as a true physical barrier. Pre- and post-treatment haemodynamics were compared, including mean and maximal velocities, wall-shear stress (WSS) and intra-aneurysmal flow patterns. The CFD study results were then correlated to angiographic follow-up studies. Mean intra-aneurysmal flow velocities and WSS were significantly reduced in all aneurysms. Changes in flow patterns were recorded in only one case. Seven of eight aneurysms showed complete occlusion during the follow-up. One aneurysm remaining patent after 1 year showed no change in flow patterns. One aneurysm rupturing 5 days after treatment showed also no change in flow pattern, and no change in the maximal inflow velocity. Relative flow velocity and WSS reduction in and of itself may result in aneurysm thrombosis in the majority of cases. Flow reductions under aneurysm–specific thresholds may, however, be the reason why some aneurysms remain completely or partially patent after flow diversion.
Integrating the light and dark sides of student engagement using person-oriented and situation-specific approaches

This study contributes to the research on student engagement in three ways: 1) by combining questionnaire and situational measures of engagement using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), 2) by applying a demands-resources model to describe the positive and negative aspects of student engagement, and 3) by adopting a person-oriented approach to describe subgroups of students with different profiles of engagement and burnout symptoms. Two studies were conducted: sample one comprised 255 US high school students (45.5% female, 9th e 12th grade), and sample two 188 Finnish comprehensive and high school students (59.6% female, 9th to 10th grade). Latent profile analyses (LPA) of person-level measures of schoolwork engagement and burnout in the US and Finland revealed four profiles: 1) engaged, 2) engaged-exhausted, 3) moderately burned out (risk for burnout) and 4) burned out. These four groups were identified in both samples, but differed in their prevalence. The groups differed in their state experiences of situational demands, resources and engagement at school. Engagement is not wholly an experience of ‘flourishing’: some students experienced elevated levels of both engagement and burnout. Thus, positive and negative aspects of engagement should be studied and modeled together. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This study describes three new directions in the research on schoolwork engagement (Salmela-Aro & Upadaya, 2012) and burnout (Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen, & Nurmi, 2009). First, we introduce situation-specific measures of malleable aspects of engagement. Second, we describe the demands-resources model applied to the present research on student engagement, emphasizing how insightful and necessary it is to analyze the positive aspects of engagement along with exhaustive experiences and symptoms of school-related burnout. Finally, we show how new insights can be gained through person-oriented analyses combining engagement and burnout. 1. Integrating positive and negative aspects of engagement in a demands-resources model Student engagement is a multifaceted construct that describes malleable aspects of motivation and behavior that are beneficial for f Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box
Plasticity of functional traits varies clinally along a rainfall gradient in Eucalyptus tricarpa.

Widespread species often occur across a range of climatic conditions, through a combination of local genetic adaptations and phenotypic plasticity. Species with greater phenotypic plasticity are likely to be better positioned to cope with rapid anthropogenic climate changes, while those displaying strong local adaptations might benefit from translocations to assist the movement of adaptive genes as the climate changes. Eucalyptus tricarpa occurs across a climatic gradient in south-eastern Australia, a region of increasing aridity, and we hypothesized that this species would display local adaptation to climate. We measured morphological and physiological traits reflecting climate responses in nine provenances from sites of 460 to 1040 mm annual rainfall, in their natural habitat and in common gardens near each end of the gradient. Local adaptation was evident in functional traits and differential growth rates in the common gardens. Some traits displayed complex combinations of plasticity and genetic divergence among provenances, including clinal variation in plasticity itself. Provenances from drier locations were more plastic in leaf thickness, whereas leaf size was more plastic in provenances from higher rainfall locations. Leaf density and stomatal physiology (as indicated by δ(13)C and δ(18)O) were highly and uniformly plastic. In addition to variation in mean trait values, genetic variation in trait plasticity may play a role in climate adaptation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fast Computational Approaches to Derive Fractional Flow Reserve From Diagnostic Coronary Angiography: The International Multicenter FAVOR Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to identify the optimal approach for simple and fast fractional flow reserve (FFR) computation from radiographic coronary angiography, called quantitative flow ratio (QFR).


BACKGROUND
A novel, rapid computation of QFR pullbacks from 3-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography was developed recently.


METHODS
QFR was derived from 3 flow models with: 1) fixed empiric hyperemic flow velocity (fixed-flow QFR [fQFR]); 2) modeled hyperemic flow velocity derived from angiography without drug-induced hyperemia (contrast-flow QFR [cQFR]); and 3) measured hyperemic flow velocity derived from angiography during adenosine-induced hyperemia (adenosine-flow QFR [aQFR]). Pressure wire-derived FFR, measured during maximal hyperemia, served as the reference. Separate independent core laboratories analyzed angiographic images and pressure tracings from 8 centers in 7 countries.


RESULTS
The QFR and FFR from 84 vessels in 73 patients with intermediate coronary lesions were compared. Mean angiographic percent diameter stenosis (DS%) was 46.1 ± 8.9%; 27 vessels (32%) had FFR ≤ 0.80. Good agreement with FFR was observed for fQFR, cQFR, and aQFR, with mean differences of 0.003 ± 0.068 (p = 0.66), 0.001 ± 0.059 (p = 0.90), and -0.001 ± 0.065 (p = 0.90), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy for identifying an FFR of ≤0.80 was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71% to 89%), 86% (95% CI: 78% to 93%), and 87% (95% CI: 80% to 94%). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was higher for cQFR than fQFR (difference: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.08; p < 0.01), but did not differ significantly between cQFR and aQFR (difference: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.06; p = 0.65). Compared with DS%, both cQFR and aQFR increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve by 0.20 (p < 0.01) and 0.19 (p < 0.01). The positive likelihood ratio was 4.8, 8.4, and 8.9 for fQFR, cQFR, and aQFR, with negative likelihood ratio of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The QFR computation improved the diagnostic accuracy of 3-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography-based identification of stenosis significance. The favorable results of cQFR that does not require pharmacologic hyperemia induction bears the potential of a wider adoption of FFR-based lesion assessment through a reduction in procedure time, risk, and costs.
The Truth About Baby Boomer Gamers A Study of Over-Forty Computer Game Players

Author’s Note: Special Thanks for their support to Emily Morganti and Heather Logas of Telltale Games; Becky Waxman, Jan Christoe and Marita Robinson of GameBoomers; Stefaan de Keersmaeker, a.k.a. “Father,” of The Older Gamers; Jen at FourFatChicks.com; Cindy at MysteryManor.com; Tami at Spyglassguides.com; Mina at grrlgamer.com; the team at Seasoned Gamers; Chris Morris; Betsy Book; and all those who participated in the study. Games and Culture Volume XX Number X Month XXXX xx-xx © 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/1555412008314132 http://gac.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com The Truth About Baby Boomer Gamers