LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Modeled Ship Noise Hotspots for Marine Mammals of Canada's Pacific Region

The inshore, continental shelf waters of British Columbia (BC), Canada are busy with ship traffic. South coast waters are heavily trafficked by ships using the ports of Vancouver and Seattle. North coast waters are less busy, but expected to get busier based on proposals for container port and liquefied natural gas development and expansion. Abundance estimates and density surface maps are available for 10 commonly seen marine mammals, including northern resident killer whales, fin whales, humpback whales, and other species with at-risk status under Canadian legislation. Ship noise is the dominant anthropogenic contributor to the marine soundscape of BC, and it is chronic. Underwater noise is now being considered in habitat quality assessments in some countries and in marine spatial planning. We modeled the propagation of underwater noise from ships and weighted the received levels by species-specific audiograms. We overlaid the audiogram-weighted maps of ship audibility with animal density maps. The result is a series of so-called "hotspot" maps of ship noise for all 10 marine mammal species, based on cumulative ship noise energy and average distribution in the boreal summer. South coast waters (Juan de Fuca and Haro Straits) are hotspots for all species that use the area, irrespective of their hearing sensitivity, simply due to ubiquitous ship traffic. Secondary hotspots were found on the central and north coasts (Johnstone Strait and the region around Prince Rupert). These maps can identify where anthropogenic noise is predicted to have above-average impact on species-specific habitat, and where mitigation measures may be most effective. This approach can guide effective mitigation without requiring fleet-wide modification in sites where no animals are present or where the area is used by species that are relatively insensitive to ship noise.
Semiparametric analysis of correlated recurrent and terminal events.

In clinical and observational studies, recurrent event data (e.g., hospitalization) with a terminal event (e.g., death) are often encountered. In many instances, the terminal event is strongly correlated with the recurrent event process. In this article, we propose a semiparametric method to jointly model the recurrent and terminal event processes. The dependence is modeled by a shared gamma frailty that is included in both the recurrent event rate and terminal event hazard function. Marginal models are used to estimate the regression effects on the terminal and recurrent event processes, and a Poisson model is used to estimate the dispersion of the frailty variable. A sandwich estimator is used to achieve additional robustness. An analysis of hospitalization data for patients in the peritoneal dialysis study is presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Effect of a low dose whey/guar preload on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes-a randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVE
Large preloads of protein and fat have been shown to lower glucose after a carbohydrate-rich meal in people with type 2 diabetes but add a considerable energy burden. Low calorie preloads [<5% of daily energy intake] have been tested in this study in people with prediabetes and with type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was an unblinded randomised crossover study with two placebo days and two active treatment days. Glucose was measured for 3 hours with fingerprick samples as well as continuous glucose monitoring [CGMS]. Twenty-four subjects with pre-diabetes or moderately controlled type 2 diabetes [fasting glucose < 10 and HbA1c < 8.5%] were recruited. The preload contained 17 g whey protein plus 3 g lactose and 5 g guar, and 1 g flavour material [including sucralose] dissolved in 150 ml cold water or 150 ml cold water with no additives. The breakfast test meal consisted of 2 slices of bread, margarine and jam [3 slices for men] with the test drink 15 minutes beforehand.


RESULTS
Peak fingerprick glucose was reduced by 2.1 mmol/L at 45 min [p < 0.0001]. Average fingerprick glucose over 3 hours was reduced by 0.8 mmol/L [p = 0.0003]. There was no difference between those with diabetes or prediabetes or those on medication or not on medication.


CONCLUSIONS
An 80 kcal whey protein/fibre preload can lower average glucose over 3 hours by 0.8 mmol/L. If used long term before at least two carbohydrate-rich meals/day this preload could lower HbA1c by up to 1%.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12612001251819.
The Strucplot Framework: Visualizing Multi-way Contingency Tables with vcd

This paper has been published in the Journal of Statistical Software (Meyer, Zeileis, and Hornik 2006) and describes the “strucplot” framework for the visualization of multi-way contingency tables. Strucplot displays include hierarchical conditional plots such as mosaic, association, and sieve plots, and can be combined into more complex, specialized plots for visualizing conditional independence, GLMs, and the results of independence tests. The framework’s modular design allows flexible customization of the plots’ graphical appearance, including shading, labeling, spacing, and legend, by means of “graphical appearance control” functions. The framework is provided by the R package vcd.
Kinematics, Localization and Control of Differential Drive Mobile Robot

The present work focuses on Kinematics, Localization and closed loop motion control of a differential drive mobile robot which is capable of navigating to a desired goal location in an obstacle free static indoor environment. Two trajectory planning approaches are made (i) the robot is rotated to eliminate orientation error and then translate to overcome distance error (ii) Both rotational and translational motion is given to the robot to overcome orientation and distance error simultaneously. Localization is estimated by integrating the robot movement in a fixed sampling frequency. The control law is based on kinematics model which provides updated reference speed to the high frequency PID control of DC motor. Stability of proposed control law is validated by Lyapunov Criterion. Both experimental and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the achieved control algorithms and their efficient implementation on a two wheeled differential drive mobile robot using an 8-bit microcontroller.
E-archery: prototype wearable for analyzing archery release

This paper describes a wearable device prototype that utilizes an accelerometer to track hand motion in order to capture an archer's "release" and uses this information to help archers in training sessions where the coach is not present. Release is a critical component of an archer's form and is categorized into either good, bad, or pluck release. This paper aims to provide a data driven approach to train archers, a process that is currently visually detected and manually tracked. 50 samples of each of the three types of release were used to train and validate an classifier that achieved classification recall greater than 90% for all three types.
Towards leveraging the driver's mobile device for an intelligent, sociable in-car robotic assistant

This paper presents AIDA (Affective Intelligent Driving Agent), a social robot that acts as a friendly, in-car companion. AIDA is designed to use the driver's mobile device as its face. The phone displays facial expressions and is the main computational unit to manage information presented to the driver. We conducted an experiment in which participants were placed in a mock in-car environment and completed driving tasks while stress-inducing phone and vehicle notifications occurred throughout the interaction. Users performed the task with the help of: 1) a smartphone, 2) the AIDA persona with the phone mounted on a static dock, or 3) the AIDA persona attached to a robot. Results revealed that AIDA users felt less stressed throughout the interaction, performed vehicle safety precautions more often, and felt more companionship with AIDA as compared to smartphone users. Further, participants developed a deeper bond with AIDA as a social robot compared to AIDA as a static, expressive agent.
Solving Hex: Beyond Humans

For the first time, automated Hex solvers have surpassed humans in their ability to solve Hex positions: they can now solve many 9×9 Hex openings. We summarize the methods that attained this milestone, and examine the future of Hex solvers.
Local Causal and Markov Blanket Induction for Causal Discovery and Feature Selection for Classification Part II: Analysis and Extensions

In part I of this work we introduced and evaluated the G neralized Local Learning (GLL) framework for producing local causal and Markov blanket inductio n algorithms. In the present second part we analyze the behavior of GLL algorithms and provid e extensions to the core methods. Specifically, we investigate the empirical convergence of G LL to the true local neighborhood as a function of sample size. Moreover, we study how predictivi ty improves with increasing sample size. Then we investigate how sensitive are the algorithms t o multiple statistical testing, especially in the presence of many irrelevant features. Next we discuss the role of the algorithm parameters and also show that Markov blanket and causal graph concepts c an be used to understand deviations from optimality of state-of-the-art non-causal algorithm s. The present paper also introduces the following extensions to the core GLL framework: parallel an d distributed versions of GLL algorithms, versions with false discovery rate control, strate gies for constructing novel heuristics for specific domains, and divide-and-conquer local-to-global learning(LGL) strategies. We test the generality of the LGL approach by deriving a novel LGL-based algorithm that compares favorably c ©2010 Constantin F. Aliferis, Alexander Statnikov, Ioannis Tsamardinos, Subramani Mani and Xenofon D. Koutsoukos. ALIFERIS, STATNIKOV, TSAMARDINOS, MANI AND KOUTSOUKOS to the state-of-the-art global learning algorithms. In add ition, we investigate the use of non-causal feature selection methods to facilitate global learning. O pen problems and future research paths related to local and local-to-global causal learning are di scussed.
Persistence of Innovation in Taiwan ’ s Manufacturing Firms

This study examines the persistence of innovation and the determinants of innovations in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector, using a panel dataset of manufacturing firms over the period 1990–2003. This study employs a new estimation method for the dynamic random effect probit model to account for firm heterogeneity and also to handle the problem of initial conditions. The empirical results find a strong effect of state dependence after controlling for firm heterogeneity and the initial condition, supporting the hypothesis of true persistent innovation. This finding is also supported for subgroups of scientific and non-scientific industries, implying that the causal effect from past innovation to current innovation exists across industries. Less surprisingly, the phenomenon of innovation persistence is stronger in scientific industries relative to non-scientific industries. We also highlight some important factors that affect continuity in the performance of innovations.
A computer-based method to improve the spelling of children with dyslexia

In this paper we present a method which aims to improve the spelling of children with dyslexia through playful and targeted exercises. In contrast to previous approaches, our method does not use correct words or positive examples to follow, but presents the child a misspelled word as an exercise to solve. We created these training exercises on the basis of the linguistic knowledge extracted from the errors found in texts written by children with dyslexia. To test the effectiveness of this method in Spanish, we integrated the exercises in a game for iPad, DysEggxia (Piruletras in Spanish), and carried out a within-subject experiment. During eight weeks, 48 children played either DysEggxia or Word Search, which is another word game. We conducted tests and questionnaires at the beginning of the study, after four weeks when the games were switched, and at the end of the study. The children who played DysEggxia for four weeks in a row had significantly less writing errors in the tests that after playing Word Search for the same time. This provides evidence that error-based exercises presented in a tablet help children with dyslexia improve their spelling skills.
ISSQoL: A New Questionnaire for Evaluating the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV in the HAART Era*

Objective: To design a Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instrument for HIV-infected people in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: The self-administered questionnaire was developed by an Italian network including researchers, physicians, people living with HIV, national institutions and community-based organizations (CBO) through several steps: (1) review of existing HRQoL literature and questionnaires for HIV-infected people; (2) selection of relevant domains measuring HRQoL in HIV-infected people, and identification of new domains related to new aspects of HRQoL concerning HAART-treated individuals; (3) conduction of two pre-test analyses in independent groups of Italian HIV-positive people (n≌100) distributed throughout the country. The objectives of the first pre-test were to verify the usefulness of the questionnaire, to construct a form easily understandable by everyone, to define the domains and their significance; the second pre-test aimed at evaluating and reshaping the questionnaire based on a statistical analysis of the outcomes of first pre-test; (4) validation analysis. A large cohort of people with HIV infection was recruited for the last step.Results: The internal consistence reliability (Cronbach’s α) was ≥0.70 for all domains. Most domains had Cronbach’s coefficient >0.80. All domains demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. The final version of ISSQoL includes two sections: HRQoL Core Evaluation Form (9 domains) and Additional Important Areas for HRQoL (6 domains). The ISSQoL was administered together with two additional forms: a Daily Impact of Symptoms Form and a Demographic Information Form. The Additional Important Areas for HRQoL include social support, interaction with medical staff, treatment impact, body changes, life planning, and motherhood/fatherhood.Conclusion: The data reported in the present paper provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the ISSQoL questionnaire for the measurement of HRQoL in HIV-infected people. The direct involvement of HIV-positive people in all the phases of the project was a key aspect of our work.
A smart home energy management system using IoT and big data analytics approach

Increasing cost and demand of energy has led many organizations to find smart ways for monitoring, controlling and saving energy. A smart Energy Management System (EMS) can contribute towards cutting the costs while still meeting energy demand. The emerging technologies of Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data can be utilized to better manage energy consumption in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. This paper presents an Energy Management System (EMS) for smart homes. In this system, each home device is interfaced with a data acquisition module that is an IoT object with a unique IP address resulting in a large mesh wireless network of devices. The data acquisition System on Chip (SoC) module collects energy consumption data from each device of each smart home and transmits the data to a centralized server for further processing and analysis. This information from all residential areas accumulates in the utility’s server as Big Data. The proposed EMS utilizes off-the-shelf Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data analytics software packages to better manage energy consumption and to meet consumer demand. Since air conditioning contributes to 60% of electricity consumption in Arab Gulf countries, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) Units have been taken as a case study to validate the proposed system. A prototype was built and tested in the lab to mimic small residential area HVAC systems1.
An interim analysis of the Quality of Life, Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability (QU.E.S.T.) evaluation of mixed amphetamine salts extended release in adults with ADHD.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate safety and efficacy of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


METHODS
10-week interim analysis of the Quality of life, Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability (QU.E.S.T.) trial, an ongoing, 30-week, open-label, multicenter investigation of once-daily MAS XR (10-60 mg/day) in adults (>or=18 years of age) with ADHD in community practice settings.


FINDINGS
With up to 10 weeks of open-label MAS XR 10 to 60 mg/day (final visit mean dose: 37.2 mg/day), 725 adults exhibited rapid, sustained improvement in ADHD symptoms. At end point, significant decreases from baseline were seen in ADHD Rating Scale IV total scores (-19.8+/-11.6; P<.0001), hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale (-8.1+/-6.1; P<.0001), and inattentive subscale (-11.6+/-6.7; P<.0001). Most subjects (74.4%) were rated as very much/much improved. Based on the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (version 2), significant improvements in quality of life were seen in the domains of general health, physical and mental health, vitality, and social, emotional and physical role functioning (P<.0001). Few subjects (6.9%) withdrew due to adverse events; the most common MAS XR-related adverse events were decreased appetite and dry mouth (19.2% each), insomnia (17.8%), and headache (16.8%).


CONCLUSION
In adults with ADHD, MAS XR treatment is generally safe and demonstrates significant improvement in ADHD symptoms and related quality of life.
Ultrasonic Detection of Middle Ear Effusion

Results: Of the 74 ears tested, 45 (61%) had effusion on direct inspection. The effusion was purulent in 8 ears (18%), serous in 9 ears (20%), and mucoid in 28 ears (62%). Ultrasound identified the presence or absence of effusion in 71 cases (96%) (P=.04). Ultrasound distinguished between serous and mucoid effusion with 100% accuracy (P=.04). The probe did not distinguish between mucoid and purulent effusion.
Essential Oil Composition of Menthol Mint ( Mentha arvensis ) and Peppermint ( Mentha piperita ) Cultivars at Different Stages of Plant Growth from Kumaon Region of Western Himalaya

Menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) and peppermint (M. piperita L.) cultivars grown in Kumaon region were evaluated for essential oil content and composition at different stages of crop growth. In menthol mint cultivars viz., ‘Kosi’, ‘Saksham’, ‘Himalaya’, and ‘Kalka’, the essential oil content was found to vary from 0.3% 1.2%, 0.42% 1.1%, 0.38% 1.0% and 0.26% 1.2%, at different days after transplanting (DAT) respectively, while in cultivars ‘Kukrail’, ‘CIM-Madhurus’ and ‘CIM-Indus’ of peppermint, it varied from 0.28% 0.6%, 0.19% 0.55% and 0.17% 0.37%, respectively at different DAT. The menthol content in all the menthol mint cultivars reached higher values at 120 and 150 DAT. In case of peppermint cultivars viz., Kukrail’, ‘CIM-Madhurus’ and ‘CIM-Indus’, menthol content varied from 32.92% 39.65%, 34.29% 42.83% and 22.56% 32.77%, respectively during the crop growth.
Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: current concepts and future perspectives.

INTRODUCTION
Transorbital endoscopic surgery is one of the most recent fields of skull base surgery. This paper presents the emerging applications of transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base and their current results on the treatment of selected extradural and intradural lesions, based on a review of meta-analysis and recent clinical series.


EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid search for articles published from 2000 to 2015 was performed using the search terms "endoscopic skull base surgery", "transorbital endoscopic approach", and "transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery". No anatomical or preclinical studies were included in the present review. Among the clinical case series available, only those describing transorbital approaches to the skull base have been considered, excluding from the analysis the studies addressing the orbit and orbital pathologies.


EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Although performed in extremely selected cases, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that this technique may be effective for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, for the drainage of epidural abscess or hematoma, and for the removal of several skull base tumors such as spheno-orbital meningioma. For the treatment of intradural pathologies there is only anecdotal evidence suggesting effectiveness and safety. Factors that may contribute to the enhanced efficacy compared to traditional external approaches were the acceptable complication rates, the reduced hospitalization time and limited morbidity for the patients, avoiding the need for large external craniotomies and brain retraction.


CONCLUSIONS
Minimally-invasive endoscopic skull base surgery has substantially evolved in the last decades through the collaboration of different teams around the world. The transorbital endoscopic approaches directed to the anterior and middle cranial base may represent safe and feasible techniques with great potential for new applications in the nearby future.
Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS.

cardiac complications on outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Neurology 2009;72: 635–642. 5. Beleigoli AM, Boersma E, Diniz Mde F, Vidigal PG, LimaCosta MF, Ribeiro AL. C-reactive protein and B-type natriuretic peptide yield either a non-significant or a modest incremental value to traditional risk factors in predicting long-term overall mortality in older adults. PLoS One 2013;8:e75809. 6. Montaner J, Perea-Gainza M, Delgado P, et al. Etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes with plasma biomarkers. Stroke 2008;39:2280–2287.
Distribution network expansion planning with optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations

The investment of connecting charging stations into distribution networks should be considered in the optimal planning of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes a mathematical model for multistage distribution network expansion planning taking optimal siting and sizing of EV charging stations into account. In the proposed model, the capacity of existing substations can be increased, existing network feeders can be replaced with wider section feeders, new feeders and new charging stations can be built. Network security constraints are considered. A new constraint is formulated to guarantee the topology of the obtained distribution network is radial. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can allocate charging capacity among candidate charging station sites optimally, and the total investment and operating cost of the distribution network is reduced.