LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Microcontroller-based quadratic buck converter used as led lamp driver

This paper presents a new proposal for driving LED lamps through the use of a micro controlled quadratic buck DC/DC converter. The main focus is to improve the LED driver's characteristics using the microcontroller PIC16F873A, thus achieving greater durability and efficiency. Mathematical analyses and experimental results are presented in this paper.
A GIS methodology for the analysis of weather radar precipitation data

A GIS multi-component module was developed within the ArcView GIS environment for processing and analysing weather radar precipitation data. The module is capable of: (a) reading geo-reference radar data and comparing it with rain-gauge network data, (b) estimating the kinematics of rainfall patterns, such as the storm speed and direction, and (c) accumulating radar-derived rainfall depths. By bringing the spatial capabilities of GIS to bear this module can accurately locate rainfall on the ground and can overlay the animated storm on different geographical features of the study area, making the exploration of the storm’s kinematic characteristics obtained from radar data relatively simple. A case study in the City of Hamilton in Ontario, Canada is used to demonstrate the functionality of the module. Radar comparison with rain gauge data revealed an underestimation of the classical Marshal & Palmer Z–R relation to rainfall rate.
Integrating information and communications technology (ICT) into pre-service science teacher education : the challenges of change in a Turkish faculty of education

Integrating Information and Communications Technology (ICT) into Pre-Service Science Teacher Education: The Challenge of Change in a Turkish Faculty of Education Nedim ALEV, EdD Thesis, August 2003 Developments in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its applications in teaching and learning science are calling for teachers to integrate ICT into science curriculum and instruction. This requires a strategic ICT training for prospective teachers. The literature suggests that integrating ICT into Initial Teacher Education (ITE) is the only option to accomplish the intended change in developing prospective teachers. This thesis focuses on exploring the process of integrating ICT into pre-service secondary science teacher education programmes (Physics, Chemistry and Biology) and its emerging challenges in a Faculty of Education (FE) in Turkey. In this thesis, qualitative dominant case study design was adopted as a result of a pragmatic reasoning. The analysis of data revealed that integrating ICT into ITE science programmes is yet to be accomplished. The data revealed that the participants, both the lecturers and student teachers, have positive attitudes towards ICT and considerable knowledge and positive understanding of ICT and its potential in teaching and learning science. However, the Faculty fails to provide appropriate ICT-training courses for student teachers to develop their technical ICT skills. Having said this, there are crucial examples of horizontal integration; that is, the lecturers provide opportunities for the student teachers to use ICT in meaningful contexts. The data suggest that there is a relationship between the practitioners‘ stages of concern and stages of adoption, which can be described as follows: the personal level of concern moves from the  ̳self-concerns‘ to  ̳task and impact-concerns‘, the personal adoption level is also likely to move from entry to invention. Although the participants and the researcher identified some crucial factors that has prevented the lecturers and student teachers from using ICT in teaching and learning, among these the institutional ones such as lack of proper access to ICT resources, overcrowded-classrooms, lack of technical and pedagogical support are more influential on the integration process.
Effects of the number of markers per haplotype and clustering of haplotypes on the accuracy of QTL mapping and prediction of genomic breeding values

The aim of this paper was to compare the effect of haplotype definition on the precision of QTL-mapping and on the accuracy of predicted genomic breeding values. In a multiple QTL model using identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities between haplotypes, various haplotype definitions were tested i.e. including 2, 6, 12 or 20 marker alleles and clustering base haplotypes related with an IBD probability of > 0.55, 0.75 or 0.95. Simulated data contained 1100 animals with known genotypes and phenotypes and 1000 animals with known genotypes and unknown phenotypes. Genomes comprising 3 Morgan were simulated and contained 74 polymorphic QTL and 383 polymorphic SNP markers with an average r2 value of 0.14 between adjacent markers. The total number of haplotypes decreased up to 50% when the window size was increased from two to 20 markers and decreased by at least 50% when haplotypes related with an IBD probability of > 0.55 instead of > 0.95 were clustered. An intermediate window size led to more precise QTL mapping. Window size and clustering had a limited effect on the accuracy of predicted total breeding values, ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. Our conclusion is that different optimal window sizes should be used in QTL-mapping versus genome-wide breeding value prediction.
Is Robustness the Cost of Accuracy? - A Comprehensive Study on the Robustness of 18 Deep Image Classification Models

The prediction accuracy has been the long-lasting and sole standard for comparing the performance of different image classification models, including the ImageNet competition. However, recent studies have highlighted the lack of robustness in well-trained deep neural networks to adversarial examples. Visually imperceptible perturbations to natural images can easily be crafted and mislead the image classifiers towards misclassification. To demystify the trade-offs between robustness and accuracy, in this paper we thoroughly benchmark 18 ImageNet models using multiple robustness metrics, including the distortion, success rate and transferability of adversarial examples between 306 pairs of models. Our extensive experimental results reveal several new insights: (1) linear scaling law the empirical `2 and `∞ distortion metrics scale linearly with the logarithm of classification error; (2) model architecture is a more critical factor to robustness than model size, and the disclosed accuracy-robustness Pareto frontier can be used as an evaluation criterion for ImageNet model designers; (3) for a similar network architecture, increasing network depth slightly improves robustness in `∞ distortion; (4) there exist models (in VGG family) that exhibit high adversarial transferability, while most adversarial examples crafted from one model can only be transferred within the same family. Experiment code is publicly available at https://github.com/huanzhang12/Adversarial Survey.
Electrochemical performance of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn-Ce alloys as anodes for Mg-air battery

The microstructure of rolled annealed Mg-6%Al-1%Zn (AZ61) and Mg-6%Al-1%Zn-0.5%Ce (AZ61Ce) alloys (wt.%) was investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical and corrosion behaviors were studied by potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and hydrogen evolution test. The results show that the addition of Ce refines the grains of AZ61 alloy and promotes formation of Al11Ce3 phase. In addition, the AZ61Ce alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance than the AZ61 alloy, probably because the Ce can reduce the content of impurities (such as iron and nickel) and refine the grain of AZ61 alloy. When the two alloys were assembled into Mg-air battery, the AZ61Ce alloy exhibits significantly improved performance than the AZ61 alloy. This improvement in performance may due to the changes in alloy structure and composition. The refined grain and reduced impurities lower its self-corrosion and enhance its anode efficiency during discharge, the refined grains also lead to more grain boundaries, which provide more channels for the anode reaction, the refined grains and the existence of Al11Ce3 phase may together make the products film thinner and more porous during discharge, which result in easier contact of the electrolyte with the metal and a larger area of the anode reaction. This study shows that AZ61Ce alloy is an ideal anode material for Mg-air battery.
Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: Similarities with the disulfiram–ethanol reaction

UNLABELLED
Peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, produces autonomic responses in humans called "flushing". The aversive characteristics of flushing observed in some populations with an isoform of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) less active, are the basis for treating alcoholics with disulfiram, an ALDH inhibitor. Although ethanol and centrally formed acetaldehyde have anxiolytic effects, peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde may be aversive in part because it is anxiogenic.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated the effect of direct administration of acetaldehyde on behavioral measures of anxiety and on hormonal markers of stress in mice. The impact of disulfiram on the anxiolytic actions of ethanol was evaluated. Acetate (a metabolite of acetaldehyde) was also studied.


METHODS
CD1 male mice received acetaldehyde (0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg) at different time intervals and were assessed in the elevated plus maze and in the dark-light box. Corticosterone release after acetaldehyde administration was also assessed. Additional experiments evaluated the impact of disulfiram on the anxiolytic effect of ethanol (0 or 1 mg/kg), and the effect of acetate on the plus maze.


RESULTS
Direct administration of acetaldehyde (100 mg/kg) had an anxiogenic effect at 1, 11 or 26 min after IP administration. Acetaldehyde was ten times more potent than ethanol at inducing corticosterone release. Disulfiram did not affect behavior on its own, but blocked the anxiolytic effect of ethanol at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, and had an anxiogenic effect at the highest dose (90 mg/kg) when co-administered with ethanol. Acetate did not affect any of the anxiety parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral administration or accumulation of acetaldehyde produces anxiogenic effects and induces endocrine stress responses. This effect is not mediated by its metabolite acetate.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe and recurrent bipolar disorders: randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Efficacy trials suggest that structured psychological therapies may significantly reduce recurrence rates of major mood episodes in individuals with bipolar disorders.


AIMS
To compare the effectiveness of treatment as usual with an additional 22 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).


METHOD
We undertook a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised controlled treatment trial (n=253). Patients were assessed every 8 weeks for 18 months.


RESULTS
More than half of the patients had a recurrence by 18 months, with no significant differences between groups (hazard ratio=1.05; 95% CI 0.74-1.50). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant interaction (P=0.04) such that adjunctive CBT was significantly more effective than treatment as usual in those with fewer than 12 previous episodes, but less effective in those with more episodes.


CONCLUSIONS
People with bipolar disorder and comparatively fewer previous mood episodes may benefit from CBT. However, such cases form the minority of those receiving mental healthcare.
Face detection in color images using principal components analysis

In this paper we present a face detection algorithm for color images with complex background. We include color information into a face detection approach based on principal components analysis (PCA). A skin color probability image is generated by doing a color analysis and the PCA is performed on this new image instead of the luminance image. Experiments show that color information improves the robustness of the detection significantly.
Things fall apart: maintenance, repair, and technology for education initiatives in rural Namibia

Repair and maintenance haunt the margins of ICT and development ('ICTD') and broader information school scholarship, but have rarely received central theoretical or empirical attention in the field. This paper attempts to fill this gap. Theoretically, it explores ideas from the growing but scattered body of social science work around infrastructure, maintenance and repair, and argues for maintenance and repair as key sites of difference, innovation, power, and sustainability in ICTD settings. Empirically, the paper examines patterns and tensions in maintenance and repair in Rundu and the wider Kavango region in northeastern Namibia. We conclude with key findings and lessons for future ICTD and iSchool scholarship.
Applying multimedia design principles enhances learning in medical education.

CONTEXT
The Association of American Medical Colleges' Institute for Improving Medical Education's report entitled 'Effective Use of Educational Technology' called on researchers to study the effectiveness of multimedia design principles. These principles were empirically shown to result in superior learning when used with college students in laboratory studies, but have not been studied with undergraduate medical students as participants.


METHODS
A pre-test/post-test control group design was used, in which the traditional-learning group received a lecture on shock using traditionally designed slides and the modified-design group received the same lecture using slides modified in accord with Mayer's principles of multimedia design. Participants included Year 3 medical students at a private, midwestern medical school progressing through their surgery clerkship during the academic year 2009-2010. The medical school divides students into four groups; each group attends the surgery clerkship during one of the four quarters of the academic year. Students in the second and third quarters served as the modified-design group (n=91) and students in the fourth-quarter clerkship served as the traditional-design group (n=39).


RESULTS
Both student cohorts had similar levels of pre-lecture knowledge. Both groups showed significant improvements in retention (p<0.0001), transfer (p<0.05) and total scores (p<0.0001) between the pre- and post-tests. Repeated-measures anova analysis showed statistically significant greater improvements in retention (F=10.2, p=0.0016) and total scores (F=7.13, p=0.0081) for those students instructed using principles of multimedia design compared with those instructed using the traditional design.


CONCLUSIONS
Multimedia design principles are easy to implement and result in improved short-term retention among medical students, but empirical research is still needed to determine how these principles affect transfer of learning. Further research on applying the principles of multimedia design to medical education is needed to verify the impact it has on the long-term learning of medical students, as well as its impact on other forms of multimedia instructional programmes used in the education of medical students.
Keynes and capitalism one more time: A further reply to hill

Abstract Greg Hill continues to miss my distinction between what is true of free‐market capitalism and what is true of the interventionist forms of capitalism that characterize Western economies. It is central banking that triggers lower aggregate demand when the public's desire to save grows. If increases in saving occur through the holding of additional private bank liabilities, rather than central‐bank created money, banks could adjust their supply of liabilities so as to keep saving and investment equal and avoid reductions in aggregate demand. Hill's alternatives to market‐driven financial intermediaries also fail to compare fairly the market and political processes.
Finite three dimensional partial orders which are not sphere orders

Given a partially ordered set P = (X,P), a function F which assigns to each x E X a set F(x) so that x ~<y in P if and only if F(x)C F(y) is called an inclusion representation. Every poser has such a representation, so it is natural to consider restrictions on the nature of the images of the function F. In this paper, we consider inclusion representations assigning to each x E X a sphere in ~d, d-dimensional Euclidean space. Posers which have such representations are called sphere orders. When d = 1, a sphere is just an interval from ~, and the class of finite posets which have an inclusion representation using intervals from R consists of those posers which have dimension at most two. But when d/> 2, some posets of arbitrarily large dimension have inclusion representations using spheres in R a. However, using a theorem of Alon and Scheinerman, we know that not all posets of dimension d ÷ 2 have inclusion representations using spheres in R a. In 1984, Fishbum and Trotter asked whether every finite 3-dimensional poset has an inclusion representation using spheres (circles) in R 2. In 1989, Brightwell and Winkler asked whether every finite poset is a sphere order and suggested that the answer was negative. In this paper, we settle both questions by showing that there exists a finite 3-dimensional poset which is not a sphere order. The argument requires a new generalization of the Product Ramsey Theorem which we hope will be of independent interest. @ 1999 AT&T Information Services. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved A M S classification." 06A07; 05C35
Antimicrobial use for symptom management in patients receiving hospice and palliative care: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND
Patients receiving hospice or palliative care often receive antimicrobial therapy; however the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management in these patients is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
The study's objective was to systematically review and summarize existing data on the prevalence and effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy to improve symptom burden among hospice or palliative care patients.


DESIGN
Systematic review of articles on microbial use in hospice and palliative care patients published from January 1, 2001 through June 30, 2011.


MEASUREMENTS
We extracted data on patients' underlying chronic condition and health care setting, study design, prevalence of antimicrobial use, whether symptom response following antimicrobial use was measured, and the method for measuring symptom response.


RESULTS
Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria in which prevalence of antimicrobial use ranged from 4% to 84%. Eight studies measured symptom response following antimicrobial therapy. Methods of symptom assessment were highly variable and ranged from clinical assessment from patients' charts to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Symptom improvement varied by indication, and patients with urinary tract infections (two studies) appeared to experience the greatest improvement following antimicrobial therapy (range 67% to 92%).


CONCLUSION
Limited data are available on the use of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management among patients receiving palliative or hospice care. Future studies should systematically measure symptom response and control for important confounders to provide useful data to guide antimicrobial use in this population.
Design of Digital Circuits on the Basis of Hardware Templates

This paper presents a technique for the design of digital systems on the basis of reusable hardware templates (HT), which are circuits with modifiable functionality that might be customized to satisfy requirements of target applications, such as a highly optimized implementation of the selected problem-specific operations. It demonstrates how HTs can be modeled in software with the aid of suggested C++ classes and implemented in hardware (in FPGA in particular). It is shown that the desired functionality of HT-based digital systems might be provided through some changes to the behavior of reprogrammable finite state machines (RFSM) that are considered to be primary customizable blocks. The paper describes a parameterizable VHDL code of RFSM and demonstrates how the respective circuit can be implemented in FPGA.
Research by Subject: IDS1610 Being Human: Ethics and Morality: Points of View Reference Center

This guide accompanies the first year course that gives students the opportunity to explore different visions of what it means to be human, and to think about how these ideas ground our ethical understanding.
Optical magnetism and negative refraction in plasmonic metamaterials

In this review we describe the challenges and opportunities for creating magnetically active metamaterials in the optical part of the spectrum. The emphasis is on the sub-wavelength periodic metamaterials whose unit cell is much smaller than the optical wavelength. The conceptual differences between microwave and optical metamaterials are demonstrated. We also describe several theoretical techniques used for calculating the effective parameters of plasmonic metamaterials: the effective dielectric permittivity eff(ω) and magnetic permeability μeff(ω). Several examples of negative permittivity and negative permeability plasmonic metamaterials are used to illustrate the theory. c © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PACS: 42.70.-a; 41.20.Gz; 78.67.Bf
Bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane blocks in breast cancer and reconstruction surgery.

The widespread of ultrasound as a guide to regional anesthesia has allowed the development of numerous alternatives to paravertebral block in breast surgery named fascial or myofascial blocks [1,2]. We chose to use a bilateral ultrasound-guided erector-spinae plane (ESP)blocks in a patient scheduled for breast cancer surgery that rejected epidural analgesia. We present this case report once obtained written informed consent from the patient. A 59-year-oldwoman, height 156 cmandweight 54 kg, ASA2 smoker with history of chronic hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was scheduled for right subcutaneous mastectomy with nipple-areola skin sparing due to a breast cancer. A sentinel lymph-
Mining Scientific Papers for Bibliometrics: A (Very) Brief Survey of Methods and Tools

Introduction The Open Access movement in scientific publishing and search engines like Google Scholar have made scientific articles more broadly accessible. During the last decade, the availability of scientific papers in full text has become more and more widespread thanks to the growing number of publications on online platforms such as ArXiv and CiteSeer (Wu, 2014). The efforts to provide articles in machine-readable formats and the rise of Open Access publishing have resulted in a number of standardized formats for scientific papers (such as NLM-JATS, TEI, DocBook).