LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Prasugrel and Clopidogrel

BACKGROUND
Prasugrel is more effective than clopidogrel in reducing platelet aggregation in acute coronary syndromes. Data available on prasugrel reloading in clopidogrel treated patients with high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) i.e. poor responders, is limited.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of prasugrel loading on platelet function in patients on clopidogrel and high platelet reactivity undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).


PATIENTS
Patients with ACS on clopidogrel who were scheduled for PCI found to have a platelet reactivity ≥40 AUC with the Multiplate Analyzer, i.e. "poor responders" were randomised to prasugrel (60 mg loading and 10 mg maintenance dose) or clopidogrel (600 mg reloading and 150 mg maintenance dose). The primary outcome measure was proportion of patients with platelet reactivity <40 AUC 4 hours after loading with study medication, and also at one hour (secondary outcome). 44 patients were enrolled and the study was terminated early as clopidogrel use decreased sharply due to introduction of newer P2Y12 inhibitors.


RESULTS
At 4 hours after study medication 100% of patients treated with prasugrel compared to 91% of those treated with clopidogrel had platelet reactivity <40 AUC (p = 0.49), while at 1 hour the proportions were 95% and 64% respectively (p = 0.02). Mean platelet reactivity at 4 and 1 hours after study medication in prasugrel and clopidogrel groups respectively were 12 versus 22 (p = 0.005) and 19 versus 34 (p = 0.01) respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Routine platelet function testing identifies patients with high residual platelet reactivity ("poor responders") on clopidogrel. A strategy of prasugrel rather than clopidogrel reloading results in earlier and more sustained suppression of platelet reactivity. Future trials need to identify if this translates into clinical benefit.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01339026.
Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With or Without Defibrillation in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have cast doubt on the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with defibrillation (CRT-D) versus pacing (CRT-P) for patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Left ventricular myocardial scar portends poor clinical outcomes.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine whether CRT-D is superior to CRT-P in patients with NICM either with (+) or without (-) left ventricular midwall fibrosis (MWF), detected by cardiac magnetic resonance.


METHODS
Clinical events were quantified in patients with NICM who were +MWF (n = 68) or -MWF (n = 184) who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance prior to CRT device implantation.


RESULTS
In the total study population, +MWF emerged as an independent predictor of total mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45 to 3.68), total mortality or heart failure hospitalization (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.09), total mortality or hospitalization for major adverse cardiac events (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.07), death from pump failure (aHR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.11 to 3.41), and sudden cardiac death (aHR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.26 to 11.2) over a maximum follow-up period of 14 years (median 3.8 years [interquartile range: 2.0 to 6.1 years] for +MWF and 4.6 years [interquartile range: 2.4 to 8.3 years] for -MWF). In separate analyses of +MWF and -MWF, total mortality (aHR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.75), total mortality or heart failure hospitalization (aHR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.82), and total mortality or hospitalization for major adverse cardiac events (aHR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.78) were lower after CRT-D than after CRT-P in +MWF but not in -MWF.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with NICM, CRT-D was superior to CRT-P in +MWF but not -MWF. These findings have implications for the choice of device therapy in patients with NICM.
Culture-sensitive neural substrates of human cognition: a transcultural neuroimaging approach

Our brains and minds are shaped by our experiences, which mainly occur in the context of the culture in which we develop and live. Although psychologists have provided abundant evidence for diversity of human cognition and behaviour across cultures, the question of whether the neural correlates of human cognition are also culture-dependent is often not considered by neuroscientists. However, recent transcultural neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that one's cultural background can influence the neural activity that underlies both high- and low-level cognitive functions. The findings provide a novel approach by which to distinguish culture-sensitive from culture-invariant neural mechanisms of human cognition.
Generating Text Summaries through the Relative Importance of Topics

This work proposes a new extractive text-summarization algorithm based on the importance of the topics contained in a document. The basic ideas of the proposed algorithm are as follows. At first the document is partiti oned by using the TextTili ng algorithm, which identifies topics (coherent segments of text) based on the TF-IDF metric. Then for each topic the algorithm computes a measure of its relative relevance in the document. This measure is computed by using the notion of TF-ISF (Term Frequency Inverse Sentence Frequency), which is our adaptation of the well -known TF-IDF (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) measure in information retrieval. Finall y, the summary is generated by selecting from each topic a number of sentences proportional to the importance of that topic.
Algorithms and bounds for energy-based multi-source localization in log-normal fading

The problem of multi-source localization in lognormal fading is addressed. A Gaussian-Mixture Model (GMM) is proposed as an approximation of the measured signal strengths from various sensors in space, parameterized by the positions and the transmission (Tx) powers of the sources. The iterative Expectation-Maximization algorithm is invoked for the estimation of the relevant GMM parameter set. The complexity of the proposed algorithm grows only linearly with the number of sources, a major advantage in comparison with the direct Maximum Likelihood approach. When the number of sources is unknown, both the Akaike Information Criterion and the Minimum-Description-Length method are employed to estimate the proper number of sources. In addition, approximate Cramer-Rao lower bounds are derived for the estimation of the source positions and Tx powers. Simulations plus laboratory experiments are presented, which show fine agreement with theory.
Snoezelen, structured reminiscence therapy and 10-minutes activation in long term care residents with dementia (WISDE): study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
People with dementia are often inapproachable due to symptoms of their illness. Therefore nurses should establish relationships with dementia patients via their remaining resources and facilitate communication. In order to achieve this, different targeted non-pharmacological interventions are recommended and practiced. However there is no sufficient evidence about the efficacy of most of these interventions. A number of publications highlight the urgent need for methodological sound studies so that more robust conclusions may be drawn.


METHODS/DESIGN
The trial is designed as a cluster randomized controlled trial with 20 nursing homes in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) as the units of randomization. Nursing homes will be randomly allocated into 4 study groups consisting of 5 clusters and 90 residents: snoezelen, structured reminiscence therapy, 10-minutes activation or unstructured verbal communication (control group). The purpose is to determine whether the interventions are effective to reduce apathy in long-term care residents with dementia (N = 360) as the main outcome measure. Assessments will be done at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after beginning of the interventions.


DISCUSSION
This trial will particularly contribute to the evidence on efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in dementia care.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00653731.
An efficient path-based equivalent circuit model for design, synthesis, and optimization of power distribution networks in multilayer printed circuit boards

In high-speed printed circuit boards, the decoupling capacitors are commonly used to mitigate the power-bus noise that causes many signal integrity problems. It is very important to determine their proper locations and values so that the power distribution network should have low impedance over a wide range of frequencies, which demands a precise power-bus model considering the decoupling capacitors. However, conventional power-bus models suffer from various problems, i.e., the numerical analyzes require huge computation while the lumped circuit models show poor accuracy. In this paper, a novel power-bus model has been proposed, which simplifies the n-port Z-parameters of a power-bus plane to a lumped T-network circuit model. It exploits the path-based equivalent circuit model to consider the interference of the current paths between the decoupling capacitors, while the conventional lumped models assume that all decoupling capacitors are connected in parallel, independently with each other. It also models the equivalent electrical parameters of the board parasitic precisely, while the conventional lumped models employ only the inter-plane capacitance of the power-ground planes. Although it is a lumped model for fast and easy calculation, experimental results show that the proposed model is almost as precise as the numerical analysis. Consequently, the proposed model enables a quick and accurate optimization of power distribution networks in the frequency domain by determining the locations and values of the decoupling capacitors.
A pilot study examining the effect of mindfulness on depression and anxiety for minority children.

From the Christine E. Lynn, College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL; School of Social Work,SO284, FloridaAtlanticUniversity,BocaRaton, FL. Corresponding Author: Patricia Liehr, PhD, RN, Professor, Christine E. Lynn, College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431. E-mail addresses: pliehr@fau.edu, ddiaz10@fau.edu © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 0883-9417/1801-0005$34.00/0 doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2009.10.001 D EPRESSION AND ANXIETY are the most common mental health problems affecting children today (Farrell & Barrett, 2007). Research has documented an association among anxiety, depression, and psychosocial impairments including immaturity, inattention, concentration problems, academic difficulties, poor peer relations, low selfesteem, and low social competence (Ialongo, Edelsohn, Werthermar-Larsson, Crockett, & Kellam, 1994;Kashani&Orvaschel, 1990;Kendall, Cantwell, & Kazdin, 1989; Strauss, Frame, & Forehand, 1987). Mindfulness-based stress reduction was introduced by Jon Kabat-Zinn (1990) nearly two decades ago. The goal of persons who engage in mindfulness is awareness in the present moment with full attention to experiencing what is happening now (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). The primary mechanism is self-management of attention (Semple, Reid, & Miller, 2005). Segal, Williams, and Teasdale (2002) have taken mindfulness principles and merged them with cognitive therapy to successfully treat depression in adults. However, there is scant research addressing mindfulness in children (Burke, 2009). Some existing research focuses on anxiety (Napoli, Krech, & Holley, 2005; Saltzman & Goldin, 2008; Semple et al., 2005). Only one study focuses on depression and anxiety (Lee, Semple, Rosa, & Miller, 2008). These researchers reported no change in depression or anxiety for 25 children who came from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Methodological limitations included lack of a comparison/control group and use of depression and anxiety measures appropriate for clinical samples even though their participants
Synchronization control of a class of memristor-based recurrent neural networks

Article history: Received 16 November 2010 Received in revised form 2 June 2011 Accepted 23 July 2011 Available online 6 August 2011
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in 70 nm CoFe2O4 thin films fabricated on SiO2/Si(1 0 0) by the sol–gel method

Abstract Cobalt ferrite CoFe 2 O 4 films were fabricated on SiO 2 /Si(1 0 0) by the sol–gel method. Films crystallized at/above 600 °C are stoichiometric as expected. With increase of the annealing temperature from 600 °C to 750 °C, the columnar grain size of CoFe 2 O 4 film increases from 13 nm to 50 nm, resulting in surface roughness increasing from 0.46 nm to 2.55 nm. Magnetic hysteresis loops in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, at different annealing temperatures, indicate that the films annealed at 750 °C exhibit obvious perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Simultaneously, with the annealing temperature increasing from 600 °C to 750 °C, the out of plane coercivity increases from 1 kOe to 2.4 kOe and the corresponding saturation magnetization increases from 200 emu/cm 3 to 283 emu/cm 3 . In addition, all crystallized films exhibit cluster-like structured magnetic domains.
60 MHz PMN-PT based 1-3 composite transducer for IVUS imaging

High frequency transducers are desired for usage in catheter-based IVUS (intravascular ultrasound) imaging, which is the cross-sectional visualization of the interior of blood vessels in the human body. High frequency intravascular imaging benefits from the use of high sensitivity and broad bandwidths as they allow for high resolution imaging at increased depth of field. The 40 MHz piezo-composite micromachined ultrasound transducer (PC-MUT) technique developed by the authors in the past years demonstrated that the limitations of traditional dice-and-fill methodology for the fabrication of 1-3 composites could be overcome by the application of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of PMN-PT single crystals. In this work, the fabrication and testing of higher frequency transducers and prototype catheters is presented. 1-3 PC-MUT composites were characterized and transducer devices with a target frequency of 60 MHz were prototyped and incorporated into functional catheters for imaging using a porcine animal model.
A New Travelling Wave Antenna in Microstrip

The radiation characteristics of the first higher order mode of microstrip lines are investigated. As a result, a simple travelling wave antenna element is scribed, having a larger bandwidth compared with resonator antennas. A method to excite the first higher order mode is shown. A single antenna element is treated theoretically and experimentally, and an array of four antenna elements is demonstrated.
Generalized least squares multiple 3 D surface matching

A method for the simultaneous co-registration and georeferencing of multiple 3D pointclouds and associated intensity information is proposed. It is a generalization of the 3D surface matching problem. The simultaneous co-registration provides for a strict solution to the problem, as opposed to sequential pairwise registration. The problem is formulated as the Least Squares matching of overlapping 3D surfaces. The parameters of 3D transformations of multiple surfaces are simultaneously estimated, using the Generalized GaussMarkoff model, minimizing the sum of squares of the Euclidean distances among the surfaces. An observation equation is written for each surface-to-surface correspondence. Each overlapping surface pair contributes a group of observation equations to the design matrix. The parameters are introduced into the system as stochastic variables, as a second type of (fictitious) observations. This extension allows to control the estimated parameters. Intensity information is introduced into the system in the form of quasisurfaces as the third type of observations. Reference points, defining an external (object) coordinate system, which are imaged in additional intensity images, or can be located in the pointcloud, serve as the fourth type of observations. They transform the whole block of “models” to a unique reference system. Furthermore, the given coordinate values of the control points are treated as observations. This gives the fifth type of observations. The total system is solved by applying the Least Squares technique, provided that sufficiently good initial values for the transformation parameters are given. This method can be applied to data sets generated from aerial as well as terrestrial laser scanning or other pointcloud generating methods. * Corresponding author. www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch
A Novel Continuum Trunk Robot Based on Contractor Muscles

We describe the design, construction, and operation of a novel continuous backbone “continuum” robot. Inspired by biological trunks and tentacles, the robot is actuated by the pneumatic muscles which form its structure. In contrast to previous designs, the actuators are contractor muscles, which decrease in length as pressure is increased. This choice of actuator results in novel and improved performance with respect to previous pneumatically actuated trunk robots, particularly in use as an active hook. We detail the design process, discuss construction issues, and describe the results of initial experiments using the robot. Key-Words: Robotics, continuum, trunk, tentacle, pneumatic, McKibben muscles
SPECT brain imaging in epilepsy: a meta-analysis.

UNLABELLED
A meta-analysis of SPECT brain imaging in epilepsy was performed to derive the sensitivity and specificity of interictal, postictal or ictal rCBF patterns to identify a seizure focus in medically refractory patients.


METHODS
Papers were obtained by pooling all published articles identified by two independent literature searches: (a) Dialnet (EMBASE) or Radline by CD-ROM and (b) Current Contents searched manually. Literature inclusion criteria were: (a) patients had a localization-related epileptic syndrome; (b) more than six patients were reported; and (c) patients had at least an interictal EEG-documented epileptiform abnormality. Of 46 papers meeting these criteria, 30 contained extractable data. SPECT results were compared to localization by standard diagnostic evaluation and surgical outcome. Meta-analytic sensitivities for SPECT localization in patients with temporal lobe seizures relative to diagnostic evaluation were 0.44 (interictal), 0.75 (postictal) and 0.97 (ictal). Similar results were obtained relative to surgical outcome. False-positive rates were low relative to diagnostic evaluation (7.4% for interictal and 1.5% for postictal studies) and surgical outcome (4.4% for interictal and 0.0% for postictal studies).


RESULTS
The results were not dependent on tracer used (or dose), the presence of CT-identified structural abnormalities, blinding of image interpretation or camera quality (although data were more variable with low-resolution cameras). There were insufficient data for conclusions regarding extratemporal-seizure or pediatric epilepsy populations.


CONCLUSION
Insights gained from reviewing this literature yielded recommendations for minimal information that should be provided in future reports. Additional recommendations regarding the nature and focus of future studies also are provided. The most important of these is that institutions using SPECT imaging in epilepsy should perform ictal, preferably, or postictal scanning in combination with interictal scanning.
Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of combined intravenous (IV) and local intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) therapy for stroke within 3 hours of onset of symptoms.


METHODS
This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multi-center Phase I study of IV r-TPA or IV placebo followed by immediate cerebral arteriography and local IA administration of r-TPA by means of a microcatheter. Treatment activity was assessed by improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSSS) at 7 to 10 days. The Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale measured 3-month functional outcome. Arterial recanalization rates and their relation to total r-TPA dose and time to lysis were measured. Rates of life-threatening bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or other bleeding complications assessed safety.


RESULTS
Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned, 17 into the IV/IA group and 18 into the placebo/IA group. There was no difference in the 7- to 10-day or the 3-month outcomes, although there were more deaths in the IV/IA group. Clot was found in 22 of 34 patients. Recanalization was better (P=0. 03) in the IV/IA group with TIMI 3 flow in 6 of 11 IV/IA patients versus 1 of 10 placebo/IA patients and correlated to the total dose of r-TPA (P=0.05). There was no difference in the median treatment intervals from time of onset to IV treatment (2.6 vs 2.7 hours), arteriography (3.3 vs 3.0 hours), or clot lysis (6.3 vs 5.7 hours) between the IV/IA and placebo/IA groups, respectively. A direct relation between NIHSSS and the likelihood of the presence of a clot was identified. Eight ICHs occurred; all were hemorrhagic infarctions. There were no parenchymal hematomas. Symptomatic ICH within 24 hours occurred in 1 placebo/IA patient only. Beyond 24 hours, symptomatic ICH occurred in 2 IV/IA patients only. Life-threatening bleeding complications occurred in 2 patients, both in the IV/IA group. Moderate to severe bleeding complications occurred in 2 IV/IA patients and 1 placebo/IA patient.


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study demonstrates combined IV/IA treatment is feasible and provides better recanalization, although it was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. The presence of thrombus on initial arteriography was directly related to the baseline NIHSSS. This approach is technically feasible. The numbers of symptomatic ICH were similar between the 2 groups, which suggests that this approach may be safe. Further study is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of this new method of treatment. Such studies should address not only efficacy and safety but also the cost-benefit ratio and quality of life, given the major investment in time, personnel, and equipment required by combined IV and IA techniques.
MARNA: multiple alignment and consensus structure prediction of RNAs based on sequence structure comparisons

MOTIVATION
Due to the importance of considering secondary structures in aligning functional RNAs, several pairwise sequence-structure alignment methods have been developed. They use extended alignment scores that evaluate secondary structure information in addition to sequence information. However, two problems for the multiple alignment step remain. First, how to combine pairwise sequence-structure alignments into a multiple alignment and second, how to generate secondary structure information for sequences whose explicit structural information is missing.


RESULTS
We describe a novel approach for multiple alignment of RNAs (MARNA) taking into consideration both the primary and the secondary structures. It is based on pairwise sequence-structure comparisons of RNAs. From these sequence-structure alignments, libraries of weighted alignment edges are generated. The weights reflect the sequential and structural conservation. For sequences whose secondary structures are missing, the libraries are generated by sampling low energy conformations. The libraries are then processed by the T-Coffee system, which is a consistency based multiple alignment method. Furthermore, we are able to extract a consensus-sequence and -structure from a multiple alignment. We have successfully tested MARNA on several datasets taken from the Rfam database.