LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Basic suturing training using Microsoft HoloLens

INTRODUCTION: Suturing is an essential skill across specialties. The most common method of teaching basic suturing is workshop format with a faculty instructor. However, many medical students do not reach proficiency due to lack of exposure. It can be expensive and time-consuming to supply these sessions with a sufficient number of faculty-experts, thus there has been increased interest in self-directed learning. This often entails the use of computer-based video instruction. A video-tutorial based curriculum for suturing training has been shown to be effective for training to proficiency. Furthermore, augmented reality is an emerging tool for effective medical education. This involves the projection of virtual instructional material in the user’s real environment. The usage of a voice-commanded headset with projected virtual content can help trainee’s maintain their flow of practice when interacting with instructional content. Our aim was to combine augmented reality with video-based instruction using Microsoft HoloLens to determine if the two methods combined would be accepted as an educational tool and if it is an effective method of training. METHODS: Suture Tutor was developed using Unity for use on the HoloLens. This module includes four videos, outlining the steps of the running locking suturing skill. Voice commands are used to play, pause, skip, and slow videos. Thirty six participants in their second year of medicine were split into two groups, the HoloLens group or the control group. The HoloLens group practiced the suturing technique using the Suture Tutor module while the control group used the same four videos on a laptop (Figure 1). Each participant’s first and final attempts at the technique were video recorded and assessed by experts using a previously validated global rating scale. The participants were given seven minutes to practice between the first and last attempts. The time spent interacting with the video during practice was recorded. At the end of the session, the HoloLens group was given a survey evaluating the usability and realism of Suture Tutor. RESULTS: 85% of the participants who used Suture Tutor agreed or strongly agreed that it is useful in the training of medical students. Furthermore, 95% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the instructional material used was realistic. We were unable to determine the effectiveness of Suture Tutor. However, the HoloLens group watched the instructional videos significantly more than the control group (7 [5.75 – 9.25] views vs 4.5 [3.75 – 6] views, P = 0.0175). CONCLUSION: Participants found the Suture Tutor to be a user friendly and helpful adjunct. The study suggests that Suture Tutor improved accessibility of training material.
The emotional intelligence of the principal is essential in the leadership of a functional school

Two neighboring schools, consisting of the same external and internal environment, the same political, environmental, social and technological environments and educators who are similarly qualified and experienced yet perform as if they are in two different worlds. One schools rates as functional (80% 100% in the SCE) while the other school is rated as dysfunctional (0%-40% in the SCE). The SCE is the common examination written by all learners in public schools after a 12 year schooling experience (Grade R-12). The principals of both schools possess teaching diplomas and have the similar number of years of experience. It is clear that the principals in these two schools possess totally different personalities. The functional school principal is highly emotionally intelligent whilst the dysfunctional school principal hardly possesses any of the competencies in emotional intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the emotional intelligence of the principals impact on the performance of these two schools?
Psychometric Validation of a General Health Quality of Life Tool for Cats Used to Compare Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND
Numerous validated psychometric tools are available to assess impact of disease on a human's quality of life (QoL). To date, no psychometrically validated general health-related QoL tool exists for cats.


HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To develop and validate a tool for assessment of owner-perceived QoL in cats (CatQoL) and to use this tool to compare QoL between healthy cats and those with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


ANIMALS/SUBJECTS
Total of 204 owners of young healthy cats (YH, n = 99; <9 years), older healthy cats (OH, n = 35), and cats diagnosed with CKD (CKD, n = 70) completed the CatQoL.


METHODS
Discussions with a focus group and 2 pilot surveys informed design of 16 QoL questions grouped into 4 domains. Each item scored according to frequency and importance, and item-weighted-impact-scores were calculated. The validity of the tool was assessed using principal components analysis and Cronbach's α. The average item-weighted-impact-score (AWIS) was compared among groups and domains.


RESULTS
Sixteen-item CatQoL showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α, 0.77) and unidimensionality with significant loadings (0.2-0.7) and communalities (>0.3). Young healthy cats had significantly higher AWIS (median [IQR], 1.25 [0.63, 1.88]) than OH (0.56 [-0.06, 1.00]) and CKD cats (-0.06 [-0.81, 0.88]), P < .001). CKD cats had significantly lower AWIS for eating domain (YH: 2.00 [1.00, 3.00]; OH: 2.00 [0.67, 3.00]; CKD : 1.00 [0.00, 2.67]) when compared with the YH group and OH group, and all groups differed significantly in their management domain (YH: -0.50 [-1.00, 0.00]; OH: -1.00 [-1.88, -0.50]; CKD : -1.50 [-2.50, -1.00], P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The CatQoL was validated for use in cats, and can be used as additional assessment parameter in clinical and research settings.
Using Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors for Distance Measurement

The amplitude response of infrared (IR) sensors depends on the reflectance properties of the target. Therefore, in order to use IR sensor for measuring distances accurately, prior knowledge of the surface must be known. This paper describes the Phong Illumination Model for determining the properties of a surface and subsequently calculating the distance to the surface. The angular position of the IR sensor is computed as normal to the surface for simplifying the calculation. Ultrasonic (US) sensor can provide the initial information on distance to obtain the parameters for this method. In addition, the experimental results obtained by using LabView are discussed. More care should be taken when placing the objects from the sensors during acquiring data since the small change in angle could show very different distance than the actual one. Since stereo camera vision systems do not perform well under some environmental conditions such as plain wall, glass surfaces, or poor lighting conditions, the IR and US sensors can be used additionally to improve the overall vision systems of mobile robots. Keywords—Distance Measurement, Infrared sensor, Surface properties, Ultrasonic sensor.
The predictive validity of the Drinking-Related Cognitions Scale in alcohol-dependent patients under abstinence-oriented treatment

BACKGROUND
Cognitive factors associated with drinking behavior such as positive alcohol expectancies, self-efficacy, perception of impaired control over drinking and perception of drinking problems are considered to have a significant influence on treatment effects and outcome in alcohol-dependent patients. However, the development of a rating scale on lack of perception or denial of drinking problems and impaired control over drinking has not been substantial, even though these are important factors in patients under abstinence-oriented treatment as well as participants in self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). The Drinking-Related Cognitions Scale (DRCS) is a new self-reported rating scale developed to briefly measure cognitive factors associated with drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent patients under abstinence-oriented treatment, including positive alcohol expectancies, abstinence self-efficacy, perception of impaired control over drinking, and perception of drinking problems. Here, we conducted a prospective cohort study to explore the predictive validity of DRCS.


METHODS
Participants in this study were 175 middle-aged and elderly Japanese male patients who met the DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Dependence. DRCS scores were recorded before and after the inpatient abstinence-oriented treatment program, and treatment outcome was evaluated one year after discharge.


RESULTS
Of the 175 participants, 30 were not available for follow-up; thus the number of subjects for analysis in this study was 145. When the total DRCS score and subscale scores were compared before and after inpatient treatment, a significant increase was seen for both scores. Both the total DRCS score and each subscale score were significantly related to total abstinence, percentage of abstinent days, and the first drinking occasion during the one-year post-treatment period. Therefore, good treatment outcome was significantly predicted by low positive alcohol expectancies, high abstinence self-efficacy, high perception level of impaired control over drinking, and high perception level of drinking problems measured by DRCS.


CONCLUSIONS
The DRCS was considered to have satisfactory predictive validity, which further supports our previous findings. It was suggested that DRCS is a promising rating scale for evaluating multidimensional cognitive factors associated with drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent patients under abstinence-oriented treatment.
Shared vs. specific brain activation changes in dyslexia after training of phonology, attention, or reading

Whereas the neurobiological basis of developmental dyslexia has received substantial attention, only little is known about the processes in the brain during remediation. This holds in particular in light of recent findings on cognitive subtypes of dyslexia which suggest interactions between individual profiles, training methods, and also the task in the scanner. Therefore, we trained three groups of German dyslexic primary school children in the domains of phonology, attention, or visual word recognition. We compared neurofunctional changes after 4 weeks of training in these groups to those in untrained normal readers in a reading task and in a task of visual attention. The overall reading improvement in the dyslexic children was comparable over groups. It was accompanied by substantial increase of the activation level in the visual word form area (VWFA) during a reading task inside the scanner. Moreover, there were activation increases that were unique for each training group in the reading task. In contrast, when children performed the visual attention task, shared training effects were found in the left inferior frontal sulcus and gyrus, which varied in amplitude between the groups. Overall, the data reveal that different remediation programmes matched to individual profiles of dyslexia may improve reading ability and commonly affect the VWFA in dyslexia as a shared part of otherwise distinct networks.
Salivary gland calculi – contemporary methods of imaging

Sialolithiasis is the most common disorder of major salivary glands. The main site of salivary stones' formation is submandibular gland, followed by parotid and sublingual gland. The aim of this article was to present current diagnostic imaging modalities carried out in patients suspected with salivary stones on the basis of own material and review of literature.Current diagnostic imaging tools used in the imaging of salivary stones were described and illustrated in this paper. These are: conventional radiography, sialography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance sialography and sialoendoscopy.Digital subtraction sialography and ultrasonography are the methods of choice in the imaging of salivary gland calculi. Although sialography is a very old diagnostic method, still it is the best diagnostic tool in the imaging of subtle anatomy of salivary gland duct system. Digital subtraction sialography can show the exact location of salivary stone and enables imaging of salivary ducts' pathology (e.g. stenoses), which is especially important when sialoendoscopy is planned. Sialography is also used as the treatment method, i.e. interventional sialography. Nonenhanced computed tomography is recommended when multiple and tiny salivary stones are suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging is the evolving alternative diagnostic method. In this diagnostic modality there is no need for salivary ducts' cannulation and administration of contrast material. Thus magnetic resonance sialography can also be carried out in the acute sialoadenitis. In the future, sialoendoscopy may become one of the main diagnostic and treatment procedures for salivary duct disorders, especially in salivary stone cases.
Removable partial denture design: a need to focus on hygienic principles?

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to critically analyze important hygienic/secondary prophylactic and biomechanical aspects of removable partial denture (RPD) design.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature related to traditional biomechanical design and open/hygienic design of RPDs was discussed by the authors at a 2.5-day workshop. The written report was circulated among the authors until a consensus was reached.


RESULTS
There is little scientific support for most of the traditional design principles of RPDs, nor has patient satisfaction shown any correlation with design factors. However, there is evidence that an open/hygienic design is more important than biomechanical aspects for long-term oral health. The biomechanical importance of some components is questioned, e.g., indirect retention and guiding planes. Alternative connector designs that reduce risks of tissue injury are described. Direct retainers and pontics are discussed in relation to the possibilities they offer for gingival relief.


CONCLUSION
Greater attention should be paid to RPD design principles that minimize the risks of tissue injury and plaque accumulation in accordance with modern concepts of preventive dentistry.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using cryopreserved sperm from men with malignant neoplasm yields high pregnancy rates.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients who cryobanked semen before cancer treatment.


DESIGN
Retrospective consecutive study.


SETTING
University-based IVF unit.


PATIENT(S)
One hundred eighteen couples undergoing IVF-ICSI using pretreatment frozen sperm.


INTERVENTION(S)
Treatment follow-up.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Semen parameters and clinical pregnancy rates.


RESULT(S)
One hundred eighteen couples underwent 169 IVF cycles using pretreatment cryopreserved sperm; the average sperm count was 66.5 x 10(6)/mL, and the average motility was 45.6%. Post-thaw sperm average density was 40.9 x 10(6)/mL with 14.2% motility. The clinical pregnancy rate was 56.8% per retrieval; 96 pregnancies were achieved, resulting in 126 children born and 11 spontaneous abortions. Patients with prostate cancer had the worst semen parameters before sperm banking and the lowest clinical pregnancy rates.


CONCLUSION(S)
IVF-ICSI is the recommended treatment for most couples with cryopreserved sperm for male cancer. High pregnancy and delivery rates after IVF-ICSI using cryopreserved sperm from patients with cancer should encourage all reproductive-age males to cryobank semen immediately after diagnosis; physicians should discuss this and advise freezing multiple samples before treatment.
Integrating Linguistic Knowledge in Passage Retrieval for Question Answering

In this paper we investigate the use of linguistic knowledge in passage retrieval as part of an open-domain question answering system. We use annotation produced by a deep syntactic dependency parser for Dutch, Alpino, to extract various kinds of linguistic features and syntactic units to be included in a multi-layer index. Similar annotation is produced for natural language questions to be answered by the system. From this we extract query terms to be sent to the enriched retrieval index. We use a genetic algorithm to optimize the selection of features and syntactic units to be included in a query. This algorithm is also used to optimize further parameters such as keyword weights. The system is trained on questions from the competition on Dutch question answering within the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF). We could show an improvement of about 15% in mean total reciprocal rank compared to traditional information retrieval using plain text keywords (including stemming and stop word removal).
To Transfer or Not To Transfer

With transfer learning, one set of tasks is used to bias learning and improve performance on another task. However, transfer learning may actually hinder performance if the tasks are too dissimilar. As described in this paper, one challenge for transfer learning research is to develop approaches that detect and avoid negative transfer using very little data from the target task.
Papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct remnants

About 100 cases of carcinoma arising in thyroglossal remnants have been reported in the world literature. Five additional cases were discovered incidentally on histopathological examinations of specimens following Sistrunk's operation for removal of thyroglossal cysts and are now reported. The possibility of preoperative clinical diagnosis and the modalities of treatment are discussed.
Electroacupuncture stimulation at sub-specific acupoint and non-acupoint induced distinct brain glucose metabolism change in migraineurs: a PET-CT study

Acupuncture has analgesic effect to most pain conditions. Many neuroimaging studies were conducted to explore acupoint specificity in pain and other condition, but till now there is still discrepancy. Based on our previous finding, this study investigated the brain metabolism changes of acupuncture analgesia induced by sub-specific acupoint and non-acupoint stimulation. 30 migraineurs were included and randomly assigned to 3 groups: Acupuncture Group (AG), Sham Acupuncture Group (SAG) and Migraine Group (MG). In AG, a combination sub-specific points of Shaoyang meridians, Luxi (TE19), San Yangluo (TE8), and Xi Yangguan(GB33) has been stimulated with electroacupuncture, while non-acupoints for SAG were used and MG received no treatment. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) was used to identify differences in brain glucose metabolism between groups. In the AG, brain glucose metabolism increase compared with the MG was observed in the middle frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, the precuneus, parahippocampus, cerebellum and middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and decrease were observed in the left hemisphere of Middle Temporal Cortex (MTC).In the SAG, compared with MG, glucose metabolism increased in the poster cingulate cortex (PCC), insula, inferior temporal gyrus, MTC, superior temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, fusiform, inferior parietal lobe, superior parietal lobe, supramarginal gyrus, middle occipital lobe, angular and precuneus; while, decreased in cerebellum, parahippocampus. Acupuncture stimulation at both sub-specific acupoint and non-acupoint yields ameliorating effect to migraine pain, but with evidently differed central mechanism as measured by PET-CT. The pattern of brain glucose metabolism change in acupoint is pertinent and targeted, while in non-acupoint that was disordered and randomized. These finding may provide new perspectives into the validation of acupoint specificity, optimizing acupuncture analgesia and revealing central mechanism of acupuncture analgesia by neuroimaging measurement. This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with registration no. http://ChiCTR-TRC-11001813 .
Political theory : tradition and diversity

Preface Introduction Andrew Vincent 1. Political theory and conceptual change Terence Ball 2. Poltical theory and the problem of anachronism Conal Condren 3. Utilitarianism as a public philosophy Robert E. Goodin 4. Rational choice political theory Geoffrey Brennan 5. Republican political theory Philip Pettit 6. Liberalism multiculturalism and oppression Chandran Kukathas 7. Postcolonialism and political theory Duncan Ivison 8. Legal positivism and political power Tom D. Campbell 9. Political theory international theory and the political theory of international relations David Boucher 10. Method matters: feminism interpretation and politics Elizabeth Frazer 11. Deleuze and Guattari's political philosophy Paul Patton 12. The object of political theory Barry Hindness.
Hump Yard Track Allocation with Temporary Car Storage

In rail freight operation, freight cars need to be separated and reformed into new trains at hump yards. The classification procedure is complex and hump yards constitute bottlenecks in the rail freight network, often causing outbound trains to be delayed. One of the problems is that planning for the allocation of tracks at hump yards is difficult, given that the planner has limited resources (tracks, shunting engines, etc.) and needs to foresee the future capacity requirements when planning for the current inbound trains. In this paper, we consider the problem of allocating classification tracks in a rail freight hump yard for arriving and departing trains with predetermined arrival and departure times. The core problem can be formulated as a special list coloring problem. We focus on an extension where individual cars can temporarily be stored on a special subset of the tracks. An extension where individual cars can temporarily be stored on a special subset of the tracks is also considered. We model the problem using mixed integer programming, and also propose several heuristics that can quickly give feasible track allocations. As a case study, we consider a real-world problem instance from the Hallsberg Rangerbangård hump yard in Sweden. Planning over horizons over two to four days, we obtain feasible solutions from both the exact and heuristic approaches that allow all outgoing trains to leave on time.
Bridging MDA and OWL Ontologies

Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Model-Driven Architectures (MDA) are two technologies being developed in parallel, but by different communities. They have common points and issues and can be brought closer together. Many authors have so far stressed this problem and have proposed several solutions. The result of these efforts is the recent OMG’s initiative for defining an ontology development platform. However, the problem of transformation between ontology and MDA-based languages has been solved using rather partial and ad hoc solutions, most often by XSLT. In this paper we analyze OWL and MDA-compliant languages as separate technological spaces. In order to achieve a synergy between these technological spaces we define ontology languages in terms of MDA standards, recognize relations between OWL and MDA-based ontology languages, and propose mapping techniques. In order to illustrate the approach, we use an MDA-defined ontology architecture that includes ontology metamodel and ontology UML Profile. Based on this approach, we have implemented a transformation of the ontology UML Profile into OWL representation.