LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Resilience of Complex Supply Network Topologies Against Random and Targeted Disruptions

In this paper, we study the resilience of supply networks against disruptions and provide insights to supply chain managers on how to construct a resilient supply network from the perspective of complex network topologies. Our goal is to study how different network topologies, which are created from different growth models, affect the network's resilience against both random and targeted disruptions. Of particular interest are situations where the type of disruption is unknown. Using a military logistic network as a case study, we propose new network resilience metrics that reflect the heterogeneous roles (e.g., supply, relay, and demand) of nodes in supply networks. We also present a hybrid and tunable network growth model called Degree and Locality-based Attachment (DLA), in which new nodes make connections based on both degree and locality. Using computer simulations, we compare the resilience of several supply network topologies that are generated with different growth models. The results show that the new resilience metrics can capture important resilience requirements for supply networks very well. We also found that the supply network topology generated by the DLA model provides balanced resilience against both random and targeted disruptions.
Deep learning-based electroencephalography analysis: a systematic review

Context. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a complex signal and can require several years of training, as well as advanced signal processing and feature extraction methodologies to be correctly interpreted. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great promise in helping make sense of EEG signals due to its capacity to learn good feature representations from raw data. Whether DL truly presents advantages as compared to more traditional EEG processing approaches, however, remains an open question. Objective. In this work, we review 156 papers that apply DL to EEG, published between January 2010 and July 2018, and spanning different application domains such as epilepsy, sleep, braincomputer interfacing, and cognitive and affective monitoring. We extract trends and highlight interesting approaches from this large body of literature in order to inform future research and formulate recommendations. Methods. Major databases spanning the fields of science and engineering were queried to identify relevant studies published in scientific journals, conferences, and electronic preprint repositories. Various data items were extracted for each study pertaining to 1) the data, 2) the preprocessing methodology, 3) the DL design choices, 4) the results, and 5) the reproducibility of the experiments. These items were then analyzed one by one to uncover trends. Results. Our analysis reveals that the amount of EEG data used across studies varies from less than ten minutes to thousands of hours, while the number of samples seen during training by a network varies from a few dozens to several millions, depending on how epochs are extracted. Interestingly, we saw that more than half the studies used publicly available data and that there has also been a clear shift from intra-subject to inter-subject approaches over the last few years. About 40% of the studies used convolutional neural networks (CNNs), while 14% used recurrent neural networks (RNNs), most often with a total of 3 to 10 layers. Moreover, almost one-half of the studies trained their models on raw or preprocessed EEG time series. Finally, the median gain in accuracy of DL approaches over traditional baselines was 5.4% across all relevant studies. More importantly, however, we noticed studies often suffer from poor reproducibility: a majority of papers would be hard or impossible to reproduce given the unavailability of their data and code. ∗The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Significance. To help the community progress and share work more effectively, we provide a list of recommendations for future studies. We also make our summary table of DL and EEG papers available and invite authors of published work to contribute to it directly.
Research Paper: A General Natural-language Text Processor for Clinical Radiology

OBJECTIVE
Development of a general natural-language processor that identifies clinical information in narrative reports and maps that information into a structured representation containing clinical terms.


DESIGN
The natural-language processor provides three phases of processing, all of which are driven by different knowledge sources. The first phase performs the parsing. It identifies the structure of the text through use of a grammar that defines semantic patterns and a target form. The second phase, regularization, standardizes the terms in the initial target structure via a compositional mapping of multi-word phrases. The third phase, encoding, maps the terms to a controlled vocabulary. Radiology is the test domain for the processor and the target structure is a formal model for representing clinical information in that domain.


MEASUREMENTS
The impression sections of 230 radiology reports were encoded by the processor. Results of an automated query of the resultant database for the occurrences of four diseases were compared with the analysis of a panel of three physicians to determine recall and precision.


RESULTS
Without training specific to the four diseases, recall and precision of the system (combined effect of the processor and query generator) were 70% and 87%. Training of the query component increased recall to 85% without changing precision.
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Real-World Scenario: Is Progression-Free Survival With First Line Predictive of Benefit From Second and Later Lines?

INTRODUCTION
Despite the availability of several therapeutic options for metastatic breast cancer (MBC), no robust predictive factors are available to help clinical decision making. Nevertheless, a decreasing benefit from first line to subsequent lines of treatment is commonly observed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of benefit from first-line therapy on outcome with subsequent lines.


METHODS
We analyzed a consecutive series of 472 MBC patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) and/or endocrine therapy (ET) between 2004 and 2012. We evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) at first (PFS1), second, third, and fourth therapeutic lines, according to treatment (ET and/or CT) and tumor subtypes.


RESULTS
In the whole cohort, median overall survival was 34 months, and median PFS1 was 9 months. A 6-month benefit was shown by 289 patients (63.5%) at first line, 128 (40.5%) at second line, 76 (33.8%) at third line, and 34 (23.3%) at fourth line. Not having a 6-month benefit at PFS1 was associated with less chance of benefit at second line (odds ratio [OR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.77, p = .0026) and at any line beyond first (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24-0.62, p < .0001). In the total series, after stratification for tumor subtypes, a strong predictive effect was observed among HER2-positive tumors (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05-0.73, p = .0152).


CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that the absence of at least a 6-month benefit in terms of PFS with first-line therapy predicts a reduced probability of benefit from subsequent therapeutic lines, especially in HER2-positive disease.


IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This study supports evidence showing that the absence of a 6-month benefit in terms of progression-free survival with first-line therapy predicts a lack of benefit from subsequent therapeutic lines in metastatic breast cancer. The random distribution of benefit experienced by a subset of the cohort further spurs an interest in identifying predictive factors capable of identifying the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Centered versus noncentered source for intracoronary artery radiation therapy: a model based on the Scripps Trial.

BACKGROUND
The Scripps Trial was a randomized study of intracoronary artery radiation therapy with iridium 192 used to treat restenotic vessels. We used the intravascular ultrasound data from the Scripps Trial to investigate whether a lumen-centered gamma or beta radiation source would reduce radiation dose heterogeneity compared with the noncentered source position used.


METHODS
Analysis included 28 patients with stent placement in 20 native vessels and 8 saphenous vein grafts enrolled in this trial. Radiation dosimetry for gamma radiation was calculated to deliver 800 cGy to the far field target, provided the maximum dose to the near field target did not exceed 3000 cGy. Prescribed dosimetry for beta radiation by use of yttrium 90 was 1600 cGy at 2 mm distance from the source.


RESULTS
The calculated average minimum source to target distance by use of a lumen-centered source increased by 0.18 mm from 1.70 +/- 0.25 to 1.88 +/- 0.36 mm, whereas the maximum distance decreased by 0.17 mm from 3.64 +/- 0.60 to 3.47 +/- 0.43 mm (P <.05). On the basis of these distances, the maximum radiation dose, as well as radiation dose heterogeneity (ratio of maximum to minimum), would have been reduced in 22 of 28 patients by use of a lumen-centered gamma or beta source (P <.005). The reduction in dose heterogeneity was substantially greater with a beta source compared with a gamma source (48% vs 16% reduction).


CONCLUSIONS
Centering of the intracoronary artery radiation therapy delivery catheter within the vessel lumen can significantly reduce radiation dose heterogeneity when compared with a noncentered source position. This dose reduction is substantially greater for a beta compared with a gamma source.
WACANA POLITIK MEDIA: STUDI ATAS BERITA POLITIK PADA KORAN KOMPAS (EDISI JULIDESEMBER2013) DALAM TINJAUAN TEORI SIMULASI JEAN BAUDRILLARD

The research about Media Political Discourse: Study of Political News on 
Kompas (edition of July-December 2013) in Theory Overview Jean Baudrillard's 
Simulation, motivated by several phenomena which contained in the political 
discourse on political news in the mass media, especially around of the 2014 
elections, which has been constructing as and directing as of publik opinion and 
political reality of society into a single reality, so that, between facts and political 
opinion are become blurred. The aims of this research is to describe and then analyze 
the form of Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulation, especially in reviewing of media 
discourse. The aims of this research is analyze and reveal the changes of the political 
discourse in the mass media to a political reality through political news of Kompas. 
The aims of this research is analyze, explain and than reveal the media role in 
constructing a political reality and public mindset on their reality of political life and 
democracy in the view of Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulation. 
This research is the library research, which uses the method: language 
analitic, which function as to povide a thorough understanding of the meaning of 
language expression, especially of the analogal language, which contained in political 
news of Kompas. Semiotics, which function as to provide an overview of the system 
of sign which covered in the political media discourse of Kompas. Hermeneutic, 
which function as to understand the deepest meaning of political media discourse 
which contained in Kompas. 
The results of this research showed that the political reality in the political 
media discourse of Kompasâ��s political news, basically does not exist or was died, so 
there is only a pseudo-political reality, which consumed by the public as a the real of 
reality. This condition definitely indicating the hyperreality of meaning of the 
political reality by itself, which in practice, the hyperreality of meaning of the 
political reality is often used as political tools by the interested parties. Thus, The 
mass media has become politicization tools of opinion and political reality in the 
public sphere, with the way of politicization of meaning by means of the language 
which used in its political discourse. Politicization of meaning in political news of 
Kompas that changed the political discourse into a political reality and composing 
and than reinforcing or consolidating public opinion, and also, composing the public 
mindset of the phenomena or the political events that are or have been in progress.
Nephrotic syndrome in childhood

Childhood nephrotic syndromes are most commonly caused by one of two idiopathic diseases: minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A third distinct type, membranous nephropathy, is rare in children. Other causes of isolated nephrotic syndrome can be subdivided into two major categories: rare genetic disorders, and secondary diseases associated with drugs, infections, or neoplasia. The cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome remains unknown, but evidence suggests it may be a primary T-cell disorder that leads to glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Genetic studies in children with familial nephrotic syndrome have identified mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins. Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are initially treated with corticosteroids. Steroid-responsiveness is of greater prognostic use than renal histology. Several second-line drugs, including alkylating agents, ciclosporin, and levamisole, may be effective for complicated and steroid-unresponsive MCNS and FSGS patients. Nephrotic syndrome is associated with several medical complications, the most severe and potentially fatal being bacterial infections and thromboembolism. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a chronic relapsing disease for most steroid-responsive patients, whereas most children with refractory FSGS ultimately develop end-stage renal disease. Research is being done to further elucidate the disorder's molecular pathogenesis, identify new prognostic indicators, and to develop better approaches to treatment.
Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal

Central to all human interaction is the mutual understanding of emotions, achieved primarily by a set of biologically rooted social signals evolved for this purpose-facial expressions of emotion. Although facial expressions are widely considered to be the universal language of emotion, some negative facial expressions consistently elicit lower recognition levels among Eastern compared to Western groups (see [4] for a meta-analysis and [5, 6] for review). Here, focusing on the decoding of facial expression signals, we merge behavioral and computational analyses with novel spatiotemporal analyses of eye movements, showing that Eastern observers use a culture-specific decoding strategy that is inadequate to reliably distinguish universal facial expressions of "fear" and "disgust." Rather than distributing their fixations evenly across the face as Westerners do, Eastern observers persistently fixate the eye region. Using a model information sampler, we demonstrate that by persistently fixating the eyes, Eastern observers sample ambiguous information, thus causing significant confusion. Our results question the universality of human facial expressions of emotion, highlighting their true complexity, with critical consequences for cross-cultural communication and globalization.
Human Capital Management: An Emerging Human Resource Management Practice

The principal purport of this study is to explore and look for variety of aspects and the significance of human capital in today’s hyper-competitive environment besides delve in to details for gaining more insights regarding the subject in focus i.e. human capital. The paper is an exploratory study, which by and large relies heavily on the analysis of available literature and model testing. Organizations have been persistently adverting fair amount of emphasis on human capital by taking necessary measures to develop a culture of knowledge sharing, retain highly competent employees to generate more innovative ideas with a view to achieve the competitive advantage for having an edge over contemporary organizations. Having set forth afore-said goals; top management of dynamic organizations more often than not encourage their employees to actively participate in the knowledge sharing practices. The inference is that human capital by all means is positively related to the organizational productivity since implementation of the creative ideas and innovations do improve the organizational outcomes. As a result of intellectual capital employees tend to become loyal and passionate about their work and devote their talents to the best of their potential to achieve the all important competitive advantage. Key words: Human Capital, Organizational Performance, Competent Employees, Intellectual Capital, Social Capital, Competitive Advantage.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method For PV Array Under Partially Shaded Condition

Solar radiation that hits the photovoltaic modules has a variable character depending on the position, the direction of the solar field, the season, and the hour of the day. During the trajectory of a day, a shadow may be decanted on the cell, which may be contemplated, as in the case of a building near the solar field, or unforeseeable as those created by clouds. The breakthrough of PV systems as distributed power generation systems has increased drastically in the last few years. Because of this Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is becoming more and more substantial as the amount of energy generated by PV systems is increasing. A MPPT technique must be used to track the maximum power point since the MPP depends on solar irradiation and cell temperature. In general, when the impedances of the load and source are matched, the maximum power is transferred to the load from the source only. The generated energy from PV systems must be maximized, as the efficiency of solar panels is low. For that reason to get the maximum power, a PV system is repeatedly equipped with an MPP tracker. Several MPP pursuit techniques have been proposed and implemented in recent years.
Making Usable, Useful, Productivity-Enhancing Computer Applications

lmost a decade has passed since we started advocating a process of usability design [20-22]. This article is a status report about the value of this process and, mainly, a description of new ideas for enhancing the use of the process. We first note that, when followed , the process leads to usable, useful, likeable computer systems and applications. Nevertheless, experience and observational evidence show that (because of the way development work is organized and carried out) the process is often not followed, despite designers' enthusiasm and motivation to do so. To get around these organizational and technical obstacles, we propose a) greater reliance on existing methodologies for establishing test-able usability and productivity-enhancing goals; b) a new method for identifying and focuging attention on long-term, trends about the effects that computer applications have on end-user productivity; and c) a new approach, now under way, to application development, particularly the development of user interfaces. The process consists of four activities [18, 20-22]. Early Focus On Users. Designers should have direct contact with intended or actual users-via interviews , observations, surveys, partic-ipatory design. The aim is to understand users' cognitive, behav-ioral, attitudinal, and anthropomet-ric characteristics-and the characteristics of the jobs they will be doing. Integrated Design. All aspects of usability (e.g., user interface, help system, training plan, documentation) should evolve in parallel, rather than be defined sequentially, and should be under one management. Early~And Continual~User Testing. The only presently feasible approach to successful design is an empirical one, requiring observation and measurement of user behavior , careful evaluation of feedback , insightful solutions to existing problems, and strong motivation to make design changes. Iterative Design. A system under development must be modified based upon the results of behav-ioral tests of functions, user interface , help system, documentation, training approach. This process of implementation, testing, feedback, evaluation, and change must be repeated to iteratively improve the system. We, and others proposing similar ideas (see below), have worked hard at spreading this process of usabil-ity design. We have used numerous channels to accomplish this: frequent talks, workshops, seminars, publications, consulting, addressing arguments used against it [22], conducting a direct case study of the process [20], and identifying methods for people not fully trained as human factors professionals to use in carrying out this process [18]. The Process Works. Several lines of evidence indicate that this usabil-ity design process leads to systems, applications, and products …
Predictors of web-based follow-up response in the Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military Trial (POLM)

BACKGROUND
Achieving adequate follow-up in clinical trials is essential to establish the validity of the findings. Achieving adequate response rates reduces bias and increases probability that the findings can be generalized to the population of interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of attention, demographic, psychological, and health status factors on web-based response rates in the ongoing Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military (POLM) trial.


METHODS
Twenty companies of Soldiers (n = 4,325) were cluster randomized to complete a traditional exercise program including sit-ups (TEP) with or without a psychosocial educational program (PSEP) or a core stabilization exercise program (CSEP) with or without PSEP. A subgroup of Soldiers (n = 371) was randomized to receive an additional physical and ultrasound imaging (USI) examination of key trunk musculature. As part of the surveillance program, all Soldiers were encouraged to complete monthly surveys via email during the first year. Descriptive statistics of the predictor variables were obtained and compared between responders and non-responders using two sample t-tests or chi-square test, as appropriate. Generalized linear mixed models were subsequently fitted for the dichotomous outcomes to estimate the effects of the predictor variables. The significance level was set at .05 a priori.


RESULTS
The overall response rate was 18.9% (811 subjects) for the first year. Responders were more likely to be older, Caucasian, have higher levels of education and income, reservist military status, non smoker, lower BMI, and have received individualized attention via the physical/USI examination (p < .05). Age, race/ethnicity, education, military status, smoking history, BMI, and whether a Soldier received the physical/USI examination remained statistically significant (p < .05) when considered in a full multivariate model.


CONCLUSION
The overall web based response rate during the first year of the POLM trial was consistent with studies that used similar methodology, but lower when compared to rates expected for standard clinical trials. One year response rate was significantly associated with demographic characteristics, health status, and individualized attention via additional testing. These data may assist for planning of future trials that use web based response systems.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study has been registered at reports at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00373009).