LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Turkish Version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale.

Th e purpose of the present study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) developed by Silvera, Martinussen, and Dahl (2001). 719 students from Sakarya University participated in the study. Construct validity and criterion related validity and reliability were assessed. Factor analysis for Turkish university students yielded three factor solutions as the original TSIS. Correlation coeffi cient of the Social Skills Inventory with the TSIS was .51. Cronbach alpha, test-retest and split half reliability coeffi cients were .83, .80, and .75 respectively. Overall results of this study showed that this scale is capable enough to measure social intelligence among university students in a valid and reliable way.
Conservation of the spin and orbital angular momenta in electromagnetism

We review and re-examine the description and separation of the spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) of an electromagnetic field in free space. While the spin and orbital AM of light are not separately meaningful physical quantities in orthodox quantum mechanics or classical field theory, these quantities are routinely measured and used for applications in optics. A meaningful quantum description of the spin and orbital AM of light was recently provided by several authors, which describes separately conserved and measurable integral values of these quantities. However, the electromagnetic field theory still lacks corresponding locally conserved spin and orbital AM currents. In this paper, we construct these missing spin and orbital AM densities and fluxes that satisfy the proper continuity equations. We show that these are physically measurable and conserved quantities. These are, however, not Lorentz-covariant, so only make sense in the single laboratory reference frame of the measurement probe. The fluxes we derive improve the canonical (nonconserved) spin and orbital AM fluxes, and include a ‘spin–orbit’ term that describes the spin–orbit interaction effects observed in nonparaxial optical fields. We also consider both standard and dual-symmetric versions of the electromagnetic field theory. Applying the general theory to nonparaxial optical vortex beams validates our results and allows us to discriminate between earlier approaches to the problem. Our Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. New Journal of Physics 16 (2014) 093037 1367-2630/14/093037+21$33.00 © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft treatment yields the complete and consistent description of the spin and orbital AM of free Maxwell fields in both quantum-mechanical and field-theory approaches.
Green perspective cognitive radio-based M2M communications for smart meters

Recently, smart grid has been received considerable attention for the future power system development. Many advanced wireless technologies are being investigated to be used for the communication layer of smart grid. Among of those, TV band devices (TVBDs) are newly introduced as an appropriate technology for the management and coordination of power consumption. By applying TVBDs for smart meter, two-way communication between electric supplier devices and end-consumer devices becomes reality which effectively increases not only energy efficiency but also spectrum utilization performance. However, both power consumption levels and available TV spectrum vary from place to place, and any increase in spectrum efficiency will result in an undesirable increase in power consumption. To this end, Cognitive Radio (CR) functions based on different multi-objective genetic algorithms are proposed in this paper to finding out the trade-off between power efficiency and spectrum efficiency in different operating environments.
Process Variations and Process-Tolerant Design

While CMOS technology has served semiconductor industry marvelously (by allowing nearly exponential increase in performance and device integration density), it faces some major roadblocks at sub-90nm process nodes due to the intrinsic physical limitations of the devices. One of the major barriers that the CMOS devices face at nanometer scale is increasing process parameter variations. Due to limitations of the fabrication process (e.g. sub-wavelength lithography and etching) and variations in the number of dopants in the channel of short channel devices, device parameters such as length (L), width (W), oxide thickness (Tox), threshold voltage (Vth) etc. suffer large variations. Variations in the device parameters, both systematic and random, translate into variations in circuit parameters like delay and leakage power, leading to loss in parametric yield. To deal with increasing parameter variations, it is important to accurately model the impact of device parameter variations at circuit level and develop process-tolerant design techniques for both logic and memory. This article analyzes the impact of process parameter variations on logic circuits and memory and focuses on some major works in the area of process-tolerant design methodology at circuit/architecture level
Deep Active Learning for Efficient Training of a LiDAR 3D Object Detector

Training a deep object detector for autonomous driving requires a huge amount of labeled data. While recording data via on-board sensors such as camera or LiDAR is relatively easy, annotating data is very tedious and time-consuming, especially when dealing with 3D LiDAR points or radar data. Active learning has the potential to minimize human annotation efforts while maximizing the object detector’s performance. In this work, we propose an active learning method to train a LiDAR 3D object detector with the least amount of labeled training data necessary. The detector leverages 2D region proposals generated from the RGB images to reduce the search space of objects and speed up the learning process. Experiments show that our proposed method works under different uncertainty estimations and query functions, and can save up to 60% of the labeling efforts while reaching the same network performance. Keywords— Deep neural network, active learning, uncertainty estimation, object detection, autonomous driving This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible
Childhood obesity prevention programs: comparative effectiveness review and meta-analysis

Authors' objectives Childhood obesity is a serious health problem in the United States and worldwide. More than 30 percent of American children and adolescents are overweight or obese. We assessed the effectiveness of childhood obesity prevention programs by reviewing all interventional studies that aimed to improve diet, physical activity, or both and that were conducted in schools, homes, primary care clinics, childcare settings, the community, or combinations of these settings in high-income countries. We also reviewed consumer health informatics interventions. We compared the effects of the interventions on weight-related outcomes (e.g., body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, percent body fat, skinfold thickness, prevalence of obesity and overweight); intermediate outcomes (e.g., diet, physical activity); and obesityrelated clinical outcomes (e.g., blood pressure, blood lipids).
Induced alkalosis and caffeine supplementation: effects on 2,000-m rowing performance.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of ingested caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, and their combination on 2,000-m rowing performance, as well as on induced alkalosis (blood and urine pH and blood bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]), blood lactate concentration ([La-]), gastrointestinal symptoms, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).


METHODS
In a double-blind, crossover study, 8 well-trained rowers performed 2 baseline tests and 4 × 2,000-m rowing-ergometer tests after ingesting 6 mg/kg caffeine, 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM) sodium bicarbonate, both supplements combined, or a placebo. Capillary blood samples were collected at preingestion, pretest, and posttest time points. Pairwise comparisons were made between protocols, and differences were interpreted in relation to the likelihood of exceeding the smallest worthwhile-change thresholds for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was considered a substantial change.


RESULTS
Caffeine supplementation elicited a substantial improvement in 2,000-m mean power, with mean (± SD) values of 354 ± 67 W vs. placebo with 346 ± 61 W. Pretest [HCO3-] reached 29.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L with caffeine + bicarbonate and 29.1 ± 1.9 mmol/L with bicarbonate. There were substantial increases in pretest [HCO3-] and pH and posttest urine pH after bicarbonate and caffeine + bicarbonate supplementation compared with placebo, but unclear performance effects.


CONCLUSIONS
Rowers' performance in 2,000-m efforts can improve by ~2% with 6 mg/kg BM caffeine supplementation. When caffeine is combined with sodium bicarbonate, gastrointestinal symptoms may prevent performance enhancement, so further investigation of ingestion protocols that minimize side effects is required.
Elective countershock in unanesthetized patients with use of an esophageal electrode.

CONSIDERABLE attention has recently been shown in dispensing with general anesthesia during countershock.1-4 This problem has also interested us and the present report deals with our attempt at solving it by using an esophageal electrode. Only a fraction of the energy administered to the patient during countershock by the usual, surface electrode technic is usefully consumed within the heart. The remainder is dissipated elsewhere, in driving current not only to and from the heart, but through pathways that circumvent it entirely. The distribution of electrical energy among these fractions is determined by the location of the electrodes on the chest and by the spatial configuration of the varyingly resistive tissues of the thorax. When electrodes are applied directly to the heart, depolarization is achieved with about 5 watt-seconds of energy5; in clinical external countershock, even with optimal electrode placement and a good subject, energies of 50 watt-seconds or more are almost always necessary. Thus, the greater part by far of the administered energy is expended in extracardiac tissues where, since it does not participate in depolarizing the heart, it is wasted. Clinical external countershock is, then, at best an operation of appreciably low efficiency. The relevance of these considerations to the problem of avoiding the need for anesthesia 124 is that it is precisely that fraction which is dissipated outside the heart which gives rise to the discomfort of countershock: it is current flow in tissues other than the heart-principally in skeletal muscles-and not de-polarization of the heart itself that leads to the discomfort of the procedure. The problem, therefore, of dispensing with anesthesia reduces to that of increasing the efficiency with which electrical energy is delivered to the heart, in order that the extracardiac current flow may be decreased to a tolerable level. Viewed this way, the problem of administering countershock to conscious patients is essentially similar to that of pacing the heart in a tolerable fashion without resort to intra-cardiac electrodes. Both problems have interested us and we have approached both in basically the same way, by using an esopha-geal electrode.* Our purpose has been to achieve a greater proximity of the electrodes to the heart. Our technic has been to place one electrode in the esophagus, contiguous with the heart, and the other on the precordium. We hoped that this gain in electrical proximity would sufficiently improve the efficiency of energy delivery so that extracardiac current flow …
Talk about Religious Talk: Various Approaches to the Nature of Religious Language

The response of the theological world to contemporary developments in empirical and language philosophy is beginning to take on a more definite and active form. Books and articles are now appearing which deal with everything from the semantics of the Old Testament 1 and the Church Fathers 2 to parallels between language analysis and Karl Barth's theology. 3 In addition, anthologies in the philosophy of religion are now including a section on ‘The Nature of Religious Language’. 4 As the quantity and quality of this response increase there arises a need for a survey and classification of the various approaches of which it is composed. It is the purpose of this article to provide such a survey, and to make some evaluational comments and suggestions. It should be mentioned at the out-set that it is impossible completely to classify approaches; and yet there are similarities and dissimilarities among these approaches which enable one to point out ‘family resemblances’. Obviously, such a survey cannot come close to being exhaustive, but certain tendencies can be noted. Moreover, an effort will be made to classify the various approaches according to a continuum. Those that are dealt with first tend towards maintaining the autonomy of religious language, while those that are discussed further along in the article would prefer to relate religious language to empirical experience. In between there are those who would advocate something similar to an eclectic view.
Byzantine Consensus with Unknown Participants

Consensus is a fundamental building block used to solve many practical problems that appear on reliable distributed systems. In spite of the fact that consensus is being widely studied in the context of classical networks, few studies have been conducted in order to solve it in the context of dynamic and self-organizing systems characterized by unknown networks. While in a classical network the set of participants is static and known, in a scenario of unknown networks, the set and number of participants are previously unknown. This work goes one step further and studies the problem of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus with Unknown Participants, namely BFT-CUP. This new problem aims at solving consensus in unknown networks with the additional requirement that participants in the system can behave maliciously. This paper presents a solution for BFT-CUP that does not require digital signatures. The algorithms are shown to be optimal in terms of synchrony and knowledge connectivity among participants in
Deep Kinematic Pose Regression

Overview Goal Estimate object joint locations from a single image. Pose Representation •Pictorial Structure Model •Linear Dictionary •Linear Feature Embedding • Implicit Representation by Retrieval •Explicit Geometric Model Our Approach We propose to directly embed a kinematic object model into the deep neutral network learning for general articulated object pose estimation [4]. Method Kinematic Model
Improving Adherence to Secondary Stroke Prevention Strategies Through Motivational Interviewing: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Stroke recurrence rates are high (20%-25%) and have not declined over past 3 decades. This study tested effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for reducing stroke recurrence, measured by improving adherence to recommended medication and lifestyle changes compared with usual care.


METHODS
Single-blind, prospective phase III randomized controlled trial of 386 people with stroke assigned to either MI treatment (4 sessions at 28 days, 3, 6, and 9 months post stroke) or usual care; with outcomes assessed at 28 days, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post stroke. Primary outcomes were change in systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as indicators of adherence at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported adherence, new stroke, or coronary heart disease events (both fatal and nonfatal); quality of life (Short Form-36); and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).


RESULTS
MI did not significantly change measures of blood pressure (mean difference in change, -0.2.35 [95% confidence interval, -6.16 to 1.47]) or cholesterol (mean difference in change, -0.0.12 [95% confidence interval, -0.30 to 0.06]). However, it had positive effects on self-reported medication adherence at 6 months (1.979; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-3.98; P=0.0557) and 9 months (4.295; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-11.84; P=0.0049) post stroke. Improvement across other measures was also observed, but the differences between MI and usual care groups were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
MI improved self-reported medication adherence. All other effects were nonsignificant, though in the direction of a treatment effect. Further study is required to determine whether MI leads to improvement in other important areas of functioning (eg, caregiver burden).


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN-12610000715077.
SeMIA: Self-Similarity-Based IC Integrity Analysis

Counterfeit chips in the supply chain as well as hardware Trojan (HT) attacks pose serious threats to the semiconductor industry. If undetected before deployment, they can lead to serious consequences including system performance/reliability issues during field operation and potential revenue/reputation loss for a trusted manufacturer. Currently, no unified detection method is available that can simultaneously address these integrity violations in integrated circuits (ICs). In addition, most existing detection approaches require a set of golden chips as a reference, which significantly increases the test cost and complexity. Furthermore, in some scenarios, it may be extremely difficult to obtain golden chips. In this paper, we present a novel unified IC integrity analysis approach that can effectively detect both recycled counterfeit ICs (the most dominant form of counterfeiting) as well as Trojan attacks in ICs without the need of golden chips. The proposed approach, referred to as self-similarity-based microchip integrity analysis (SeMIA), exploits intrinsic structural self-similarity in a design (e.g., multiple cores, multiple functional units of the same type, different parts of an adder) to isolate recycled chips and HT attacks under large inter-and intra-die process variations. It compares dynamic current (IDDT) signatures between two adjacent similar circuit structures using an appropriate isolation metric to detect such attacks with high degree of confidence. SeMIA does not rely on any embedded structure for authentication, thus it comes at virtually zero hardware overhead and can be applied to chips already produced. Through extensive simulations, we show that for 15% interand 10% intra-die variations in threshold voltage for a 45 nm CMOS process, over 98% of recycled chips can be reliably identified. Finally, experimental measurements on field programmable gate array chips demonstrate effectiveness of SeMIA for protection against both attacks.
The role of nutrient loading and eutrophication in estuarine ecology.

Eutrophication is a process that can be defined as an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter (OM) to an ecosystem. We provide a general overview of the major features driving estuarine eutrophication and outline some of the consequences of that process. The main chemical constituent of OM is carbon (C), and therefore rates of eutrophication are expressed in units of C per area per unit time. OM occurs in both particulate and dissolved forms. Allochthonous OM originates outside the estuary, whereas autochthonous OM is generated within the system, mostly by primary producers or by benthic regeneration of OM. The supply rates of limiting nutrients regulate phytoplankton productivity that contributes to inputs of autochthonous OM. The trophic status of an estuary is often based on eutrophication rates and can be categorized as oligotrophic (<100 g C m(-2) y(-1), mesotrophic (100-300 g C m(-2) y(-1), eutrophic (300-500 g C m(-2) y(-1), or hypertrophic (>500 g C m(-2) y(-1). Ecosystem responses to eutrophication depend on both export rates (flushing, microbially mediated losses through respiration, and denitrification) and recycling/regeneration rates within the estuary. The mitigation of the effects of eutrophication involves the regulation of inorganic nutrient (primarily N and P) inputs into receiving waters. Appropriately scaled and parameterized nutrient and hydrologic controls are the only realistic options for controlling phytoplankton blooms, algal toxicity, and other symptoms of eutrophication in estuarine ecosystems.
HippoCampus: A micro underwater vehicle for swarm applications

The HippoCampus platform is a low-cost micro autonomous underwater vehicle for swarm robotics research. This paper presents the hardware and software design, the communication link, instrumentation, and control system. The quadrotor design enables the vehicle to perform agile maneuvers in a very confined test tank. Vehicle navigation is based on the on-board sensor suite. Autonomous path following is presented and experimental results are evaluated.
Higher hospital volume is associated with lower mortality in acute nonvariceal upper-GI hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND
Acute nonvariceal upper-GI hemorrhage (NVUGIH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between hospital volume and outcomes of NVUGIH.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Participating hospitals from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2004.


PATIENTS
All discharged patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of NVUGIH based on the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, ninth edition codes.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were divided into 3 groups based on discharge from hospitals with annual discharge volumes of 1 to 125 (low), 126 to 250 (medium), and >250 (high).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
In-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization charges.


RESULTS
The study included a total of 135,366, 132,746, and 123,007 discharges with NVUGIH occurred from low-volume, medium-volume, and high-volume hospitals, respectively. On multivariate analysis, when adjusting for age, comorbidity, and the presence of complications, patients at high-volume hospitals had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74-0.98]) than patients at low-volume hospitals. Patients at high-volume hospitals were also more likely to undergo upper-GI endoscopy (OR 1.52 [95% CI, 1.36-1.69]) or early endoscopy within 1 day of hospitalization compared with low-volume hospitals (60.5% vs 53.8%, adjusted OR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.61]). Undergoing endoscopy within day 1 was associated with shorter hospital stays (-1.08 days [95% CI, -1.24 to -0.92 days]) and lower hospitalization charges (-$1958 [95% CI, -$3227 to -$688]).


LIMITATIONS
The study was based on an administrative data set.


CONCLUSIONS
Higher hospital volume is associated with lower mortality and with higher rates of endoscopy and endoscopic intervention in patients with NVUGIH.