LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Drone-Aided Communication as a Key Enabler for 5G and Resilient Public Safety Networks

Wireless networks comprising unmanned aerial vehicles can offer limited connectivity in a cost-effective manner to disaster-struck regions where terrestrial infrastructure might have been damaged. While these drones offer advantages such as rapid deployment to far-flung areas, their operations may be rendered ineffective by the absence of an adequate energy management strategy. This article considers the multi-faceted applications of these platforms and the challenges thereof in the networks of the future. In addition to providing an overview of the work done by researchers in determining the features of the air-to-ground channel, the article explores the use of drones in fields as diverse as military surveillance and network rehabilitation for disaster-struck areas. It also presents a case study that envisages a scenario in which drones operate alongside conventional wireless infrastructure, thereby allowing a greater number of users to establish a line-of-sight link for communication. This study investigates a power allocation strategy for the microwave base station and the small base stations operating at 28 GHz frequency band. The self-adaptive power control strategy for drones is dependent on the maximum allowable interference threshold and minimum data rate requirements. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the drones in the multi-tier heterogeneous network to extend the network coverage and capacity.
Preferences among forms of equity

Abstract S s were presented with fictitious work situations in which they had to make forced choices among three forms of equity (Own, Comparison, Own/Comparison) and three forms of discrepant compensation (relative to Own's inputs, Other's inputs, Other's outcomes) regarding which they found most comfortable. Results indicate that Other is chosen over Own equity, overpayment is selected when a condition of Other equity exists, but underpayment is selected when a state of Own equity exists, and propositions within equity theory ( Adams, 1965 ) about gain maximization and higher threshold for overpayment are generally supported. A more refined model of social equity is presented to encompass the obtained results.
Hidden Discontinuities and Parametric Sensitivity Calculations

Parametric sensitivity analysis is becoming a very important tool when studying differential equations. However, potential pitfalls exist if this analysis is applied naively. In particular, if the model contains discontinuities, then the application of standard numerical codes will typically result in incorrect sensitivity trajectories. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the problems associated with “hidden discontinuities” during sensitivity analysis (i.e., discontinuities not handled explicitly) and to present a code analysis and transformation approach through which differential equations containing discontinuities can be solved efficiently and correctly with minimal effort required by the modeler.
Inhomogeneous spacetimes as a dark energy model

Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi inhomogeneous spacetimes are used as a cosmological model for type Ia supernova data. It is found that with certain parameter choices the model fits the data as well as the standard ΛCDM cosmology does.
Foreskin development in 10 421 Chinese boys aged 0-18 years.

BACKGROUND
Few studies on foreskin development and the practice of circumcision have been done in Chinese boys. This study aimed to determine the natural development process of foreskin in children.


METHODS
A total of 10 421 boys aged 0 to 18 years were studied. The condition of foreskin was classified into type I (phimosis), type II (partial phimosis), type III (adhesion of prepuce), type IV (normal), and type V (circumcised). Other abnormalities of the genitalia were also determined.


RESULTS
The incidence of a completely retractile foreskin increased from 0% at birth to 42.26% in adolescence; however, the phimosis rate decreased with age from 99.7% to 6.81%. Other abnormalities included web penis, concealed penis, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, micropenis, inguinal hernia, and hypospadias.


CONCLUSIONS
Incomplete separation of foreskin is common in children. Since it is a natural phenomenon to approach the adult condition until puberty, circumcision should be performed with cautions in children.
Workload generation for YouTube

This paper introduces a workload characterization study of the most popular short video sharing service of Web 2.0, YouTube. Based on a vast amount of data gathered in a five-month period, we analyzed characteristics of around 250,000 YouTube popular and regular videos. In particular, we collected lists of related videos for each video clip recursively and analyzed their statistical behavior. Understanding YouTube traffic and similar Web 2.0 video sharing sites is crucial to develop synthetic workload generators. Workload simulators are required for evaluating the methods addressing the problems of high bandwidth usage and scalability of Web 2.0 sites such as YouTube. The distribution models, in particular Zipf-like behavior of YouTube popular video files suggests proxy caching of YouTube popular videos can reduce network traffic and increase scalability of YouTube Web site. YouTube workload characteristics provided in this work enabled us to develop a workload generator to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.
Glucagonoma and necrolytic migratory erythema.

54-year-old male with a history of necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) (Figs. 1 and 2) and glossitis. Routine blood tests were normal except for glucose: 145 mg/dL. Baseline plasma glucagon levels were 1200 pg/mL. Serum zinc was 97 mcg/dL. An abdominal CT scan showed a large mass involving the body and tail of the pancreas. A dis-tal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed and no evidence of metastatic disease was observed. The skin rash cleared within a week after the operation and the patient remains free of disease at 38 months following surgery. COMMENTS Glucagonoma syndrome is a paraneoplastic phenomenon comprising a pancreatic glucagon-secreting insular tumor, necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), diabetes, weight loss, anemia, stomatitis, thrombo-embolism, dyspepsia, and neu-ropsychiatric disturbances. The occurrence of one or more of these symptoms associated with a proven pancreatic neo-plasm fits this diagnosis (1). Other skin and mucosal changes such as atrophic glossitis, cheylitis, and inflammation of the oral mucosa may be found (2). Hyperglycemia may be included –multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, i.e., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome– or the disease may result from a glucagon-secreting tumor alone. These tumors are of slow growth and present with non-specific symptoms in early stages. At least 50% are metasta-tic at the time of diagnosis, and therefore have a poor prognosis. Fig. 2.-NME. Necrolytic migratory erythema. ENM. Eritema necrolítico migratorio.
Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI): a prospective longitudinal observational study.

BACKGROUND
Current classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suboptimal, and management is based on weak evidence, with little attempt to personalize treatment. A need exists for new precision medicine and stratified management approaches that incorporate emerging technologies.


OBJECTIVE
To improve characterization and classification of TBI and to identify best clinical care, using comparative effectiveness research approaches.


METHODS
This multicenter, longitudinal, prospective, observational study in 22 countries across Europe and Israel will collect detailed data from 5400 consenting patients, presenting within 24 hours of injury, with a clinical diagnosis of TBI and an indication for computed tomography. Broader registry-level data collection in approximately 20,000 patients will assess generalizability. Cross sectional comprehensive outcome assessments, including quality of life and neuropsychological testing, will be performed at 6 months. Longitudinal assessments will continue up to 24 months post TBI in patient subsets. Advanced neuroimaging and genomic and biomarker data will be used to improve characterization, and analyses will include neuroinformatics approaches to address variations in process and clinical care. Results will be integrated with living systematic reviews in a process of knowledge transfer. The study initiation was from October to December 2014, and the recruitment period was for 18 to 24 months.


EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI should provide novel multidimensional approaches to TBI characterization and classification, evidence to support treatment recommendations, and benchmarks for quality of care. Data and sample repositories will ensure opportunities for legacy research.


DISCUSSION
Comparative effectiveness research provides an alternative to reductionistic clinical trials in restricted patient populations by exploiting differences in biology, care, and outcome to support optimal personalized patient management.
Genetic learning and performance evaluation of interval type-2 fuzzy logic controllers

Type-2 fuzzy sets, which are characterized by membership functions (MFs) that are themselves fuzzy, have been attracting interest. This paper focuses on advancing the understanding of interval type-2 fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). First, a type-2 FLC is evolved using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The type-2 FLC is then compared with another three GA evolved type-1 FLCs that have different design parameters. The objective is to examine the amount by which the extra degrees of freedom provided by antecedent type-2 fuzzy sets is able to improve the control performance. Experimental results show that better control can be achieved using a type-2 FLC with fewer fuzzy sets/rules so one benefit of type-2 FLC is a lower trade-off between modeling accuracy and interpretability. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Incorporating Nesterov Momentum into

When attempting to improve the performance of a deep learning system, there are more or less three approaches one can take: the first is to improve the structure of the model, perhaps adding another layer, switching from simple recurrent units to LSTM cells [4], or–in the realm of NLP–taking advantage of syntactic parses (e.g. as in [13, et seq.]); another approach is to improve the initialization of the model, guaranteeing that the early-stage gradients have certain beneficial properties [3], or building in large amounts of sparsity [6], or taking advantage of principles of linear algebra [15]; the final approach is to try a more powerful learning algorithm, such as including a decaying sum over the previous gradients in the update [12], by dividing each parameter update by the L2 norm of the previous updates for that parameter [2], or even by foregoing first-order algorithms for more powerful but more computationally costly second order algorithms [9]. This paper has as its goal the third option—improving the quality of the final solution by using a faster, more powerful learning algorithm.
A Two-Queue Polling Model with Two Priority Levels in the First Queue

In this paper we consider a single-server cyclic polling system consisting of two queues. Between visits to successive queues, the server is delayed by a random switch-over time. Two types of customers arrive at the first queue: high and low priority customers. For this situation the following service disciplines are considered: gated, globally gated, and exhaustive. We study the cycle time distribution, the waiting times for each customer type, the joint queue length distribution at polling epochs, and the steady-state marginal queue length distributions for each customer type.
The ‘Butner Study’ Redux: A Report of the Incidence of Hands-on Child Victimization by Child Pornography Offenders

This study compared two groups of child pornography offenders participating in a voluntary treatment program: men whose known sexual offense history at the time of judicial sentencing involved the possession, receipt, or distribution of child abuse images, but did not include any “hands-on” sexual abuse; and men convicted of similar offenses who had documented histories of hands-on sexual offending against at least one child victim. The goal was to determine whether the former group of offenders were “merely” collectors of child pornography at little risk for engaging in hands-on sexual offenses, or if they were contact sex offenders whose criminal sexual behavior involving children, with the exception of Internet crimes, went undetected. Our findings show that the Internet offenders in our sample were significantly more likely than not to have sexually abused a child via a hands-on act. They also indicate that the offenders who abused children were likely to have offended against multiple victims, and that the incidence of “crossover” by gender and age is high.
Adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

CONTEXT
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the world's most challenging pandemics. For treatment with Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) to be effective, high rate of adherence is essential.


AIM
To demonstrate the effect of adherence counseling and text message reminders in improving patients' adherence to HAART.


SETTINGS AND DESIGN
A randomized control trial among non-adherents was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria between March and July, 2011.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 104 patients: 45 males (43.3%) and 59 females (56.7%) participated in the study. They were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received monthly adherence counseling and twice weekly short message reminders for four months, while the control group received only standard care. Self-reported adherence and CD4+ cell counts were measured pre- and post-intervention.


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18. Risk rates, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test and Cohen's effect size were calculated. Level of significance was set at P = 0.05.


RESULTS
At post-intervention, 76.9% of the intervention group and 55.8% of the control group achieved adherence (χ2 = 5.211, P = 0.022, RR = 0.75 (0.55-0.96), Cohen's w = 0.224). Also, median CD4+ cell count of the intervention group increased from 193 cells/ml to 575.0 cells/ml against 131.0 cells/ml to 361.5 cells/ml in the control group (P = 0.007).


CONCLUSION
Adherence counseling and text message reminders improved adherence among HIV patients. Its adoption for HIV patient management is advocated.
Automatic Segmentation of Spinal Cord MRI Using Symmetric Boundary Tracing

We develop an adaptive active contour tracing algorithm for extraction of spinal cord from MRI that is fully automatic, unlike existing approaches that need manually chosen seeds. We can accurately extract the target spinal cord and construct the volume of interest to provide visual guidance for strategic rehabilitation surgery planning.
IBM Branch Offices: What They Were, How They Worked, 1920s–1980s

IBM branch offices were the company’s local face around the world in the 20th century. Its sales and customer support came out of these organizations, which are described here, using the example of one branch office as a historical case study. Additionally, personal perspectives on their role of having worked with these during the 1970s and 1980s are provided.
An alternative position for the BIS-Vista montage in frontal approach neurosurgical cases.

BACKGROUND
Appropriate placement of the bispectral index (BIS)-vista montage for frontal approach neurosurgical procedures is a neuromonitoring challenge. The standard bifrontal application interferes with the operative field; yet to date, no other placements have demonstrated good agreement. The purpose of our study was to compare the standard BIS montage with an alternate BIS montage across the nasal dorsum for neuromonitoring.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors performed a prospective study, enrolling patients and performing neuromonitoring using both the standard and the alternative montage on each patient. Data from the 2 placements were compared and analyzed using a Bland-Altman analysis, a Scatter plot analysis, and a matched-pair analysis.


RESULTS
Overall, 2567 minutes of data from each montage was collected on 28 subjects. Comparing the overall difference in score, the alternate BIS montage score was, on average, 2.0 (6.2) greater than the standard BIS montage score (P<0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a difference in score of -2.0 (95% confidence interval, -14.1, 10.1), with 108/2567 (4.2%) of the values lying outside of the limit of agreement. The scatter plot analysis overall produced a trend line with the equation y=0.94x+0.82, with an R coefficient of 0.82.


CONCLUSIONS
We determined that the nasal montage produces values that have slightly more variability compared with that ideally desired, but the variability is not clinically significant. In cases where the standard BIS-vista montage would interfere with the operative field, an alternative positioning of the BIS montage across the nasal bridge and under the eye can be used.
Paclitaxel-liposome-microbubble complexes as ultrasound-triggered therapeutic drug delivery carriers.

Liposome-microbubble complexes (LMC) have become a promising therapeutic carrier for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery to treat malignant tumors. However, the efficacy for ultrasound-assisted chemotherapy in vivo and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the feasibility of using paclitaxel-liposome-microbubble complexes (PLMC) as possible ultrasound (US)-triggered targeted chemotherapy against breast cancer. PTX-liposomes (PL) were conjugated to the microbubble (MB) surface through biotin-avidin linkage, increasing the drug-loading efficiency of MBs. The significant increased release of payloads from liposome-microbubble complexes was achieved upon US exposure. We used fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) as a model drug to show that released QDs were taken up by 4T1 breast cancer cells treated with QD-liposome-microbubble complexes (QLMC) and US, and uptake depended on the exposure time and intensity of insonication. We found that PLMC plus US inhibited tumor growth more effectively than PL plus US or PLMC without US, not only in vitro, but also in vivo. Histologically, the inhibition of tumor growth appeared to result from increased apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis in tumor xenografts. In addition, a significant increase of drug concentration in tumors was observed in comparison to treatment with non-conjugated PL or PLMC without US. The significant increase in an antitumor efficacy of PLMC plus US suggests their potential use as a new targeted US chemotherapeutic approach to inhibit breast cancer growth.
Viscero-visceral hyperalgesia: Characterization in different clinical models

Co-existing algogenic conditions in two internal organs in the same patient may mutually enhance pain symptoms (viscero-visceral hyperalgesia). The present study assessed this phenomenon in different models of visceral interaction. In a prospective evaluation, patients with: (a) coronary artery disease (CAD)+gallstone (Gs) (common sensory projection: T5); (b) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)+dysmenorrhea (Dys) (T10-L1); (c) dysmenorrhea/endometriosis+urinary calculosis (Cal)(T10-L1); and (d) gallstone+left urinary calculosis (Gs+LCal) (unknown common projection) were compared with patients with CAD, Gs, IBS, Dys or Cal only, for spontaneous symptoms (number/intensity of pain episodes) over comparable time periods and for referred symptoms (muscle hyperalgesia; pressure/electrical pain thresholds) from each visceral location. In patients' subgroups, symptoms were also re-assessed after treatment of each condition or after no treatment. (a) CAD+Gs presented more numerous/intense angina/biliary episodes and more referred muscle chest/abdominal hyperalgesia than CAD or Gs; cardiac revascularization or cholecystectomy also reduced biliary or cardiac symptoms, respectively (0.001<p<0.05). (b) IBS+Dys had more intestinal/menstrual pain and abdomino/pelvic muscle hyperalgesia than IBS or Dys; hormonal dysmenorrhea treatment also reduced IBS symptoms; IBS dietary treatment also improved dysmenorrhea (0.001<p<0.05) while no treatment of either conditions resulted in no improvement in time of symptoms from both. (c) Cal+Dys had more urinary/menstrual pain and referred lumbar/abdominal hyperalgesia than Cal or Dys; hormonal dysmenorrhea treatment/laser treatment for endometriosis also improved urinary symptoms; lithotripsy for urinary stone also reduced menstrual symptoms (0.001<p<0.05). (d) In Gs+LCal, cholecystectomy or urinary lithotripsy did not improve urinary or biliary symptoms, respectively. Mechanisms of viscero-visceral hyperalgesia between organs with documented partially common sensory projection probably involve sensitization of viscero-viscero-somatic convergent neurons.
Optimising sampling rates for accelerometer-based human activity recognition

Real-world deployments of accelerometer-based human activity recognition systems need to be carefully configured regarding the sampling rate used for measuring acceleration. Whilst a low sampling rate saves considerable energy, as well as transmission bandwidth and storage capacity, it is also prone to omitting relevant signal details that are of interest for contemporary analysis tasks. In this paper we present a pragmatic approach to optimising sampling rates of accelerometers that effectively tailors recognition systems to particular scenarios, thereby only relying on unlabelled sample data from the domain. Employing statistical tests we analyse the properties of accelerometer data and determine optimal sampling rates through similarity analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in experiments on 5 benchmark datasets where we determine optimal sampling rates that are each substantially below those originally used whilst maintaining the accuracy of reference recognition systems. c © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.