LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of a novel synergistic drug candidate, CRx-102, in hand osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE
The novel synergistic drug candidate CRx-102 comprises dipyridamole and low dose prednisolone and is in clinical development for the treatment of immunoinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this clinical study was to examine the efficacy and safety of CRx-102 in patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA).


METHODS
The study was conducted as a blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at four centres in Norway. Eligibility criteria included being of age 30-70 years, at least one swollen and tender joint, a Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) score of 2 or higher on radiographs, and a score of at least 30 mm pain on the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) visual analogue pain scale (VAS). The primary endpoint was a reduction in pain from baseline to day 42 on the AUSCAN pain subscale. Two-sided p values for the differences in least squares (LS) means adjusted for baseline are presented.


RESULTS
The mean age of the 83 patients with HOA was 60 years and 93% were females. CRx-102 was statistically superior to placebo at 42 days for changes in AUSCAN pain (LS mean -14.2 vs -4.0) and for clinically relevant secondary endpoints (joint pain VAS (-18.6 vs -6.3), patient global VAS (-15.9 vs -4.2)) in the intention to treat population. The most frequently reported adverse event during the study was headache (52% in CRx-102 vs 15% in the placebo group).


CONCLUSIONS
The novel synergistic drug candidate CRx-102 demonstrated efficacy by statistically reducing pain compared to placebo in HOA and was generally well tolerated.
Determining the most important criteria in maintenance decision making

Many maintenance decisions require the evaluation of alternative solutions in terms of complex maintenance criteria such as cost, repairability, reliability and availability requirements. Such problems can be formulated as multi-criteria decision making problems. The relative importance of maintenance criteria is difficult to be assessed, and therefore a sensitivity analysis becomes a necessity. The sensitivity analysis approach presented in this paper reveals some counter-intuitive results and can considerably enhance the application of decision analysis in complex maintenance management.
A Rule-Based Relation Extraction System using DBpedia and Syntactic Parsing

In this paper, we present a rule-based relation extraction approach which uses DBpedia and linguistic information provided by the syntactic parser Fips. Our goal is twofold: (i) the morpho-syntactic patterns are defined using the syntactic parser Fips to identify relations between named entities (ii) the RDF triples extracted from DBpedia are used to improve RE task by creating gazetteer relations. NEBHI, Kamel. A Rule-Based Relation Extraction System using DBpedia and Syntactic Parsing. In: Proceedings of the NLP-DBPEDIA-2013 Workshop co-located with the 12th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2013). 2013.
Cardiovascular diseases and the liver.

The dual blood supply of the liver, originating from the portal vein and the hepatic artery, makes it relatively resistant to minor circulatory disturbances. However, hepatic manifestations of common cardiovascular disorders are frequently encountered in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. Beginning with the macro- and microcirculation of the liver, this article reviews the pathophysiology of hepatic blood flow and gives a detailed appraisal of ischemic hepatitis, congestive hepatopathy, and other less common hepatic conditions that arise when cardiovascular function is impaired.
Markov's Constructive Analysis: A Participant's View

A review, or rather an essay on Markov's Constructive Analysis and Constructive Mathematics in comparison with other major trends in Constructivism and Computable Analysis.
Antipodal graphs and oriented matroids

Fukuda, K. and K. Handa, Antipodal graphs and oriented matroids, Discrete Mathematics 111 (1993) 2455256. A graph is antipodal if, for every vertex c‘, there exists exactly one vertex V which is not closer to r than every vertex adjacent to 6. In this paper we consider the problem of characterizing tope graphs of oriented matroids, which constitute a broad class of antipodal graphs. One of the results is to characterize tope graphs of more general systems than oriented matroid, namely, an L’-embeddable system and acycloid. Another is to characterize tope graphs of oriented matroids of rank at most three. The characterization theorem says: a graph G is isomorphic to the tope graph of an oriented matroid of rank at most three if and only if G is antipodal, planar and isometrically embeddable in some hypercube. For tope graphs of oriented matroids of any higher rank, the characterization problem is still open.
Dynamic Matrix Flight Control design for a nonlinear missile

ABSTRACT: Nonlinear control problem for a missile autopilot is quick adaptation and minimizing the desired acceleration to missile nonlinear model. For this several missile controllers are provided which are on the basis of nonlinear control or design of linear control for the linear missile system. In this paper a linear control of dynamic matrix type is proposed for the linear model of missile. In the first section, an approximate two degrees of freedom missile model, known as Horton model, is introduced. Then, the nonlinear model is converted into observable and controllable model base on the feedback linear rule of input-state mode type. Finally for design of control model, the dynamic matrix flight control, which is one of the linear predictive control design methods on the basis of system step response information, is used. This controller is a recursive method which calculates the development of system input by definition and optimization of a cost function and using system dynamic matrix. So based on the applied inputs and previous output information, the missile acceleration would be calculated. Unlike other controllers, this controller doesn’t require an interaction effect and accurate model. Although, it has predicting and controlling horizon, there isn’t such horizons in non-predictive methods.
Mining Efficient Association Rules Through Apriori Algorithm Using Attributes

In data mining a number of algorithms has been proposed. Each algorithm has a different objective. A lot of research has been done on these various data mining fields and algorithms. Extraction of valuable data from large dataset is an emerging problem. Apriori algorithm is the algorithm to extract association rules from dataset. Apriori algorithm is not an efficient algorithm as it is a time consuming algorithm in case of large dataset. With the time a number of changes proposed in Apriori to enhance the performance in term of time and number of database passes. This paper illustrate the apriori algorithm disadvantages and utilization of attributes which can improve the efficiency of apriori algorithm. I. Apriori Algorithm Apriori algorithm is an algorithm of association rule mining.It is an important data mining [9] model studied extensively by the database and data mining community. It Assume all data are categorical. It is Initially used for Market Basket Analysis [14] to find how items purchased by customers are related. The problem of finding association rules can be stated as follows: Given a database of sales transactions, it is desirable to discover the important associations [15,16] among different items such the presence of some items in a transaction will imply the presence of other items in the same transaction. As example of an association rule is: Contains (T, " baby food ") → Contains (T, " diapers ") [Support= 4%, Confidence=40%] The interpretation of such rule is as follows: • 40% of transactions that contains baby food also contains diapers; • 4% of all transactions contain both of these items. The calculations of the Support(S) and Confidence(C) are very simple: CONF (A → B) = SUPP(AUB) SUPP(A) S (A) = (Number of transactions containing item A) /(Total number of transactions in the database) S (A → B) =(Number of transactions containing items A and B) / (Total number of transactions in the database) The above association rule [15] is called single-dimension because it involves a single attribute or predicate (Contains). The main problem is to find all association rules that satisfy minimum support (min_sup) and minimum confidence (min_conf) [13] thresholds, which are provided by user and/or domain experts. A formal definition of association rule is: Let J= {i1, i2…im} be a set of items. Let D be the set of database transaction where each transaction T is a set of items such that is …
Towards Automated Context-Aware Software Quality Management

To consistently improve software quality management, greater automation and tighter integration of quality tools and measurements in the software engineering environment is essential. However, automation of software quality management faces numerous challenges such as project uniqueness, project dynamics, efficiency, and limited time and quality expenditures. In this paper, an approach is proposed that extends the Goal-Question-Metric technique and automates the monitoring of quality goals via a multi-agent system by using competitive bidding agent behavior for proactive vs. cooperative voting for reactive measures. The preliminary results show promise for systematically harmonizing (conflicting) quality attributes, goals, metrics, and countermeasures and for automating aspects of software quality management.
Biological mediators of effect of diet and stress reduction on prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
A 6-month pilot intervention trial was conducted to determine whether adoption of a plant-based diet, reinforced by stress reduction, could reduce the rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase, a marker of disease progression, in asymptomatic, hormonally untreated patients experiencing consistently increasing PSA levels after surgery or radiation.


METHODS
A pre-post design was used to examine (1) the effect of intervention on potential mediators of disease progression, including body composition and weight-related biomarkers (sex steroid hormones and cytokines), and (2) whether changes in these variables were associated with change in rate of PSA increase. The baseline rate of PSA increase (from the time of posttreatment recurrence to the start of intervention) was ascertained from medical records. Body composition and biomarkers were assessed at baseline (prior to intervention), during the intervention (3 months), and at the end of the intervention (6 months). Changes in body composition and biomarkers were determined and compared with rates of PSA increase over the corresponding time intervals.


RESULTS
There was a significant reduction in waist-to-hip ratio (P=.03) and increase in circulating sex hormone binding globulin (P=.04). The rate of PSA increase decreased from the preintervention period (PSA slope=0.059) to the period from 0 to 3 months (PSA slope=0.002, P<.01) and increased slightly, although not significantly, from 0 to 3 months to the period from 3 to 6 months (0.029, P=.43).


CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of a plant-based diet and stress reduction may reduce central adiposity and improve the hormonal milieu in patients with recurrent PC. Changes in the rate of increase in PSA were in the same direction as changes in waist-to-hip ratio and opposite those of sex hormone binding globulin, raising the possibility that the effect of the intervention may have been mediated, in part, by these variables.
Provenance of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains from U–Pb and Hf analysis of detrital zircons in Cretaceous to Quaternary sediments in Prydz Bay and beneath the Amery Ice Shelf

Abstract In central Antarctica, drainage today and earlier back to the Paleozoic radiates from the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM). Proximal to the GSM past the Permian–Triassic fluvial sandstones in the Prince Charles Mountains (PCM) are Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pleistocene sediment in Prydz Bay (ODP741, 1166, and 1167) and pre-Holocene sediment in AM04 beneath the Amery Ice Shelf. We analysed detrital zircons for U–Pb ages, Hf-isotope compositions, and trace elements to determine the age, rock type, source of the host magma, and “crustal” model age ( T DM C ). These samples, together with others downslope from the GSM and the Vostok Subglacial Highlands (VSH), define major clusters of detrital zircons interpreted as coming from (1) 700 to 460 Ma mafic granitoids and alkaline rock, eHf 9 to − 28, signifying derivation 2.5 to 1.3 Ga from fertile and recycled crust, and (2) 1200–900 Ma mafic granitoids and alkaline rock, eHf 11 to − 28, signifying derivation 1.8 to 1.3 Ga from fertile and recycled crust. Minor clusters extend to 3350 Ma. Similar detrital zircons in Permian–Triassic, Ordovician, Cambrian, and Neoproterozoic sandstones located along the PaleoPacific margin of East Antarctica and southeast Australia further downslope from central Antarctica reflect the upslope GSM–VSH nucleus of the central Antarctic provenance as a complex of 1200–900 Ma (Grenville) mafic granitoids and alkaline rocks and older rocks embedded in 700–460 Ma (Pan-Gondwanaland) fold belts. The wider central Antarctic provenance (CAP) is tentatively divided into a central sector with negative eHf in its 1200–900 Ma rocks bounded on either side by positive eHf. The high ground of the GSM–VSH in the Permian and later to the present day is attributed to crustal shortening by far-field stress during the 320 Ma mid-Carboniferous collision of Gondwanaland and Laurussia. Earlier uplifts in the ∼ 500 Ma Cambrian possibly followed the 700–500 Ma assembly of Gondwanaland, and in the Neoproterozoic the 1000–900 Ma collisional events in the Eastern Ghats–Rayner Province at the end of the 1300–1000 Ma assembly of Rodinia.
An Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Practical Applications

Since the emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as a prominent technique in the field of computer vision, the ImageNet classification challenge has played a major role in advancing the state-of-the-art. While accuracy figures have steadily increased, the resource utilisation of winning models has not been properly taken into account. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of important metrics in practical applications: accuracy, memory footprint, parameters, operations count, inference time and power consumption. Key findings are: (1) fully connected layers are largely inefficient for smaller batches of images; (2) accuracy and inference time are in a hyperbolic relationship; (3) energy constraint are an upper bound on the maximum achievable accuracy and model complexity; (4) the number of operations is a reliable estimate of the inference time. We believe our analysis provides a compelling set of information that helps design and engineer efficient DNNs.
Quality of care and its impact on quality of life for care-dependent persons with dementia in shared-housing arrangements: results of the Berlin WGQual-study.

AIM
The aim of study was to evaluate setting-specific quality indicators (QIs) for shared-housing arrangements (SHA) regarding effects of a guided quality development process on resident's quality of life (QoL).


BACKGROUND
SHA are a specific German kind of small-scale living facilities for care-dependent persons with dementia. SHA are disconnected from residential facilities and served by community care services.


METHOD
In a longitudinal cluster-randomised design 104 residents of 34 SHA were surveyed for 1 year; the intervention group took part in a quality development process. QIs, physical and psychological health outcomes including QoL were surveyed.


RESULTS
During the 1 year follow-up, analyses show a positive trend regarding QI-outcomes in the intervention group, but no statistically significant differences could be proved regarding QoL.


CONCLUSIONS
Setting-sensitive QIs are absolutely essential to measure quality of care in multi-professional settings like SHA. Further research as well as longer study intervals is essential.
Characteristics of Internet Addiction/Pathological Internet Use in U.S. University Students: A Qualitative-Method Investigation

Studies have identified high rates and severe consequences of Internet Addiction/Pathological Internet Use (IA/PIU) in university students. However, most research concerning IA/PIU in U.S. university students has been conducted within a quantitative research paradigm, and frequently fails to contextualize the problem of IA/PIU. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using the focus group approach and examined 27 U.S. university students who self-identified as intensive Internet users, spent more than 25 hours/week on the Internet for non-school or non-work-related activities and who reported Internet-associated health and/or psychosocial problems. Students completed two IA/PIU measures (Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale) and participated in focus groups exploring the natural history of their Internet use; preferred online activities; emotional, interpersonal, and situational triggers for intensive Internet use; and health and/or psychosocial consequences of their Internet overuse. Students' self-reports of Internet overuse problems were consistent with results of standardized measures. Students first accessed the Internet at an average age of 9 (SD = 2.7), and first had a problem with Internet overuse at an average age of 16 (SD = 4.3). Sadness and depression, boredom, and stress were common triggers of intensive Internet use. Social media use was nearly universal and pervasive in participants' lives. Sleep deprivation, academic under-achievement, failure to exercise and to engage in face-to-face social activities, negative affective states, and decreased ability to concentrate were frequently reported consequences of intensive Internet use/Internet overuse. IA/PIU may be an underappreciated problem among U.S. university students and warrants additional research.
Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the risk of motorcycle crash related injuries is associated with the conspicuity of the driver or vehicle.


DESIGN
Population based case-control study.


SETTING
Auckland region of New Zealand from February 1993 to February 1996.


PARTICIPANTS
463 motorcycle drivers (cases) involved in crashes leading to hospital treatment or death; 1233 motorcycle drivers (controls) recruited from randomly selected roadside survey sites.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Estimates of relative risk of motorcycle crash related injury and population attributable risk associated with conspicuity measures, including the use of reflective or fluorescent clothing, headlight operation, and colour of helmet, clothing, and motorcycle.


RESULTS
Crash related injuries occurred mainly in urban zones with 50 km/h speed limit (66%), during the day (63%), and in fine weather (72%). After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers wearing any reflective or fluorescent clothing had a 37% lower risk (multivariate odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.94) than other drivers. Compared with wearing a black helmet, use of a white helmet was associated with a 24% lower risk (multivariate odds ratio 0.76, 0.57 to 0.99). Self reported light coloured helmet versus dark coloured helmet was associated with a 19% lower risk. Three quarters of motorcycle riders had their headlight turned on during the day, and this was associated with a 27% lower risk (multivariate odds ratio 0.73, 0.53 to 1.00). No association occurred between risk and the frontal colour of drivers' clothing or motorcycle. If these odds ratios are unconfounded, the population attributable risks are 33% for wearing no reflective or fluorescent clothing, 18% for a non-white helmet, 11% for a dark coloured helmet, and 7% for no daytime headlight operation.


CONCLUSIONS
Low conspicuity may increase the risk of motorcycle crash related injury. Increasing the use of reflective or fluorescent clothing, white or light coloured helmets, and daytime headlights are simple, cheap interventions that could considerably reduce motorcycle crash related injury and death.
Two Security Problems of RFID Security Method with Ownership Transfer

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that allows automatic identification and data capture by using radio frequencies. In 2006, Osaka et al. proposed a RFID security method based on a hash function and a symmetric key cryptosystem. Osaka et al. claimed that their proposed RFID security method achieves the following security requirements such as (1) indistinguishability, (2) forward security, (3) replay attack, (4) tag killing, and (5) ownership transfer. Unlike their claims, the current paper points out two security problems of Osaka et al.'s RFID security method. To mitigate these security breaches, we propose an improved RFID security method.
Comparative accuracy of mammography and ultrasound in women with breast symptoms according to age and breast density.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of death from cancer in women.The aim of this studywas to determine which is more accurate imaging test mammography or ultrasound for diagnosis of breast cancer based on the women's age and breast density. We examined 546 patients with breast symptoms, by clinical breast examination, mammography and ultrasound. A total of 546 breast lesions were examined by histopathology analyses. Histopathology results revealed the presence of 259 invasive cancers, and 287 benign lesions. Sensitivity varied significantly with age and breast density. In the 259 women who had both tests, ultrasound had a higher sensitivity than mammography in women younger than 45 years, whereas mammography had a higher sensitivity than ultrasound in women older than 60 years. The sensitivity according to age was 52,1% for mammography and 72,6% for ultrasound. The specificity according to age was 88, 5% for ultrasound and 73, 9% for mammography. Comparing the sensitivity of mammography and ultrasound according to the breast density indicates that mammographic sensitivity was 82,2% among women with predominantly fatty breast, but 23.7% in women with heterogeneous dense breasts, with the increase of fibro glandular density the level of sensitivity with mammography decreases, while ultrasonographic sensitivity was 71,1% among women with predominantly fatty breast and 57,0% for heterogeneous dense breasts. Our data indicate that sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound was statistically significantly greater than mammography in patients with breast symptoms for the detection of breast cancer and benign lesions particularly in dense breast and in young women.
Next-generation genetics in plants

Natural variation presents one of the fundamental challenges of modern biology. Soon, the genome sequences of thousands of individuals will be known for each of several species. But how does the genotypic variation that will be observed among these individuals translate into phenotypic variation? Plants are in many ways ideal for addressing this question, and resources that are unmatched, except in humans, have now been developed.
A comparison of Y-chromosomal lineage dating using either resequencing or Y-SNP plus Y-STR genotyping☆

We have compared phylogenies and time estimates for Y-chromosomal lineages based on resequencing ∼9 Mb of DNA and applying the program GENETREE to similar analyses based on the more standard approach of genotyping 26 Y-SNPs plus 21 Y-STRs and applying the programs NETWORK and BATWING. We find that deep phylogenetic structure is not adequately reconstructed after Y-SNP plus Y-STR genotyping, and that times estimated using observed Y-STR mutation rates are several-fold too recent. In contrast, an evolutionary mutation rate gives times that are more similar to the resequencing data. In principle, systematic comparisons of this kind can in future studies be used to identify the combinations of Y-SNP and Y-STR markers, and time estimation methodologies, that correspond best to resequencing data.