LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
CrowdSenSim: a Simulation Platform for Mobile Crowdsensing in Realistic Urban Environments

Smart cities take advantage of recent Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developments to provide added value to existing public services and improve quality of life for the citizens. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm makes the Internet more pervasive where objects equipped with computing, storage, and sensing capabilities are interconnected with communication technologies. Because of the widespread diffusion of IoT devices, applying the IoT paradigm to smart cities is an excellent solution to build sustainable ICT platforms. Having citizens involved in the process through mobile crowdsensing (MCS) techniques augments capabilities of these ICT platforms without additional costs. For proper operation, MCS systems require the contribution from a large number of participants. Simulations are therefore a candidate tool to assess the performance of MCS systems. In this paper, we illustrate the design of CrowdSenSim, a simulator for mobile crowdsensing. CrowdSenSim is designed specifically for realistic urban environments and smart cities services. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CrowdSenSim for the most popular MCS sensing paradigms (participatory and opportunistic), and we present its applicability using a smart public street lighting scenario.
The Security of the Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code

Let F be some block cipher (eg., DES) with block length l. The Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC MAC) speci es that an m-block message x = x1 xm be authenticated among parties who share a secret key a for the block cipher by tagging x with a pre x of ym, where y0 = 0 l and yi = Fa(mi yi 1) for i = 1; 2; : : : ;m. This method is a pervasively used international and U.S. standard. We provide its rst formal justi cation, showing the following general lemma: cipher block chaining a pseudorandom function yields a pseudorandom function. Underlying our results is a technical lemma of independent interest, bounding the success probability of a computationally unbounded adversary in distinguishing between a randomml-bit to l-bit function and the CBC MAC of a random l-bit to l-bit function. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. E-Mail: mihir@cs.ucsd.edu. URL: http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir. Supported by NSF CAREER Award CCR-9624439 and a Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering. y NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA. Email: joe@research.nj.nec.com. z Department of Computer Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Email: rogaway@cs.ucdavis.edu. URL: http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway. Supported by NSF CAREER Award CCR-9624560.
On the concept of e-maintenance: Review and current research

The importance of the maintenance function has increased because of its role in keeping and improving system availability and safety, as well as product quality. To support this role, the development of the communication and information technologies has allowed the emergence of the concept of e-maintenance. Within the era of e-manufacturing and e-business, e-maintenance provides the opportunity for a new maintenance generation. As we will discuss later in this paper, e-maintenance integrates existing telemaintenance principles, with Web services and modern e-collaboration principles. Collaboration allows to share and exchange not only information but also knowledge and (e)-intelligence. By means of a collaborative environment, pertinent knowledge and intelligence become available and usable at the right place and time, in order to facilitate reaching the best maintenance decisions. This paper outlines the basic ideas within the e-maintenance concept and then provides an overview of the current research and challenges in this emerging field. An underlying objective is to identify the industrial/academic actors involved in the technological, organizational or management issues related to the development of e-maintenance. Today, this heterogeneous community has to be federated in order to bring up e-maintenance as a new scientific discipline. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multi-criteria Scantling Optimisation of Cruise Ships

A numerical tool for the optimisation of the scantlings of a ship is extended by considering production cost, weight and moment of inertia in the objective function. A multi-criteria optimisation of a passenger ship is conducted to illustrate the analysis process. Pareto frontiers are obtained and results are verified with Bureau Veritas rules.
COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC SUCCESS RATES OF PULPOTOMY IN PRIMARY MOLARS USING FORMOCRESOL, FERRIC SULFATE AND MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE (MTA)

Statement of Problem: Pulpotomy is the most common pulp treatment of primary molars. Formocresol pulpotomy has enjoyed long-term clinical use and success, but concerns over its toxicity and mutagenicity have prompted research into other pulpotomy techniques. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the relative success of formocresol, ferric sulfate and MTA pulpotomy methods in primary molars, using clinical and radiographic examinations. Materials and Methods: 135 second primary molars requiring pulpotomy treatment were selected from children between 3 and 6 years of age. They were randomly assigned to three groups according to the pulpal therapy technique: pulpotomy with formocresol, ferric sulfate, and MTA. All pulpotomized teeth were restored with amalgam. The subjects selected for clinical and radiographic evaluations were monitored periodically for 3 and 12 months. Results: The clinical success rate of the MTA group was 82.1% after one year which was significantly less than the 100% observed in the other groups (P= 0.005). The highest and lowest radiographic success rates after one year, were encountered in the formocresol (92.5%) and MTA (69.2%) groups respectively, which showed a significant difference (P=0.01). The success rate of the ferric sulfate group was 80.50%. Conclusion: MTA is not recommended as a pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth, but ferric sulfate may be acceptable as an alternative to formocresol.
ACFIS: a web server for fragment-based drug discovery

In order to foster innovation and improve the effectiveness of drug discovery, there is a considerable interest in exploring unknown 'chemical space' to identify new bioactive compounds with novel and diverse scaffolds. Hence, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) was developed rapidly due to its advanced expansive search for 'chemical space', which can lead to a higher hit rate and ligand efficiency (LE). However, computational screening of fragments is always hampered by the promiscuous binding model. In this study, we developed a new web server Auto Core Fragment in silico Screening (ACFIS). It includes three computational modules, PARA_GEN, CORE_GEN and CAND_GEN. ACFIS can generate core fragment structure from the active molecule using fragment deconstruction analysis and perform in silico screening by growing fragments to the junction of core fragment structure. An integrated energy calculation rapidly identifies which fragments fit the binding site of a protein. We constructed a simple interface to enable users to view top-ranking molecules in 2D and the binding mode in 3D for further experimental exploration. This makes the ACFIS a highly valuable tool for drug discovery. The ACFIS web server is free and open to all users at http://chemyang.ccnu.edu.cn/ccb/server/ACFIS/.
A survey of power and energy efficient techniques for high performance numerical linear algebra operations

Keywords: Power and energy Performance Power management Supercomputers Numerical linear algebra DVFS a b s t r a c t Extreme scale supercomputers available before the end of this decade are expected to have 100 million to 1 billion computing cores. The power and energy efficiency issue has become one of the primary concerns of extreme scale high performance scientific computing. This paper surveys the research on saving power and energy for numerical linear algebra algorithms in high performance scientific computing on supercomputers around the world. We first stress the significance of numerical linear algebra algorithms in high performance scientific computing nowadays, followed by a background introduction on widely used numerical linear algebra algorithms and software libraries and benchmarks. We summarize commonly deployed power management techniques for reducing power and energy consumption in high performance computing systems by presenting power and energy models and two fundamental types of power management techniques: static and dynamic. Further, we review the research on saving power and energy for high performance numerical linear algebra algorithms from four aspects: profiling, trading off performance , static saving, and dynamic saving, and summarize state-of-the-art techniques for achieving power and energy efficiency in each category individually. Finally, we discuss potential directions of future work and summarize the paper.
Testing Initiatives Increase Rates of HIV Diagnosis in Primary Care and Community Settings: An Observational Single-Centre Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to examine trends in new HIV diagnoses in a UK area of high HIV prevalence between 2000 and 2012 with respect to site of diagnosis and stage of HIV infection.


DESIGN
Single-centre observational cohort study.


SETTING
An outpatient HIV department in a secondary care UK hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
1359 HIV-infected adults.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Demographic information (age, gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation), site of initial HIV diagnosis (Routine settings such as HIV/GUM clinics versus Non-Routine settings such as primary care and community venues), stage of HIV infection, CD4 count and seroconversion symptoms were collated for each participant.


RESULTS
There was a significant increase in the proportion of new HIV diagnoses made in Non-Routine settings (from 27.0% in 2000 to 58.8% in 2012; p<0.001). Overall there was a decrease in the rate of late diagnosis from 50.7% to 32.9% (p=0.001). Diagnosis of recent infection increased from 23.0% to 47.1% (p=0.001). Of those with recent infection, significantly more patients were likely to report symptoms consistent with a seroconversion illness over the 13 years (17.6% to 65.0%; p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study, we believe, to demonstrate significant improvements in HIV diagnosis and a shift in diagnosis of HIV from HIV/GUM settings to primary practice and community settings due to multiple initiatives.
Alexithymia, depression, inflammation, and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
We previously reported that depression and inflammation have independent effects on pain severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by deficits in cognitive processing and regulation of emotions. A broad association between alexithymia and various health problems has been suggested, including depression, inflammation, and pain. The objective of this study was to examine the independent influence of alexithymia on pain perception and its relationship to depression and inflammation.


METHODS
We evaluated 213 RA outpatients who completed self-administered questionnaires, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) to measure depression severity, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to measure degree of alexithymia, and a visual analog scale to quantify perceived pain. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured to quantify inflammation severity.


RESULTS
An initial significant positive association between the TAS-20 score and pain severity (P = 0.01) lost significance after controlling for BDI-II score and CRP level using regression analysis. An interaction was observed among alexithymia, depression, and inflammation with regard to perceived pain. Among those without alexithymia, pain severity increased linearly with the CRP tertile levels regardless of the presence of depression (P < 0.001 for trend). No linear association between pain severity and CRP level was observed among those with alexithymia. Moreover, depressed patients with alexithymia (BDI-II score ≥14 and TAS-20 score ≥61) reported severe pain even at low CRP levels.


CONCLUSION
Alexithymia might have a substantial role in pain perception as well as depression in patients with RA. A biopsychosocial approach is essential to achieve better pain control.
Dissecting a Social Botnet: Growth, Content and Influence in Twitter

Social botnets have become an important phenomenon on social media. There are many ways in which social bots can disrupt or influence online discourse, such as, spam hashtags, scam twitter users, and astroturfing. In this paper we considered one specific social botnet in Twitter to understand how it grows over time, how the content of tweets by the social botnet differ from regular users in the same dataset, and lastly, how the social botnet may have influenced the relevant discussions. Our analysis is based on a qualitative coding for approximately 3000 tweets in Arabic and English from the Syrian social bot that was active for 35 weeks on Twitter before it was shutdown. We find that the growth, behavior and content of this particular botnet did not specifically align with common conceptions of botnets. Further we identify interesting aspects of the botnet that distinguish it from regular users.
Stability and mixing compatibility of dog epithelia and dog dander allergens.

BACKGROUND
Little information or data are available concerning the stability and compatibility of dog epithelia and dog dander allergens.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the immunochemical reactivities of commercial, nonstandardized dog epithelia and dog dander extracts after exposures to various temperatures or after mixing with high-protease fungal and cockroach extracts at concentrations recommended for maintenance immunotherapy (IT) injections.


METHODS
Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qualitative (immunoblot) analyses were performed to compare specific compositional changes with total or individual allergen activities. Assays for dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 3 (albumin) used specific mouse or rabbit antibodies. Multiallergen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition and immunoblot methods were conducted using a human serum pool with high levels of IgE to dog allergens.


RESULTS
Dog allergen recoveries ranged from 22% to 134% after short exposures to moderate or extreme temperatures and from 28% to 118% after mixing with fungal or insect extracts and storage for up to 15 months at 2 degrees C to 8 degrees C. Recoveries in dog dander extracts varied up to 2.5-fold with different test methods. Immunoblots revealed partial degradation of dog albumin molecules to discrete fragments that retained antibody-binding activities. In most cases, recoveries improved at elevated glycerin concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
Dog allergens in epithelia and dander extracts exhibited favorable temperature stabilities. Compatibilities with fungal or insect extracts may be compromised or at risk in some combinations. These data support current IT practice parameter recommendations of separating high-protease extracts from other products if possible; they also demonstrate that dog extracts possess allergen stabilities suitable for many IT formulations.
Agreement among measurements and estimations of glomerular filtration in children with cancer.

BACKGROUND
Glomerular filtration is an important route of elimination for many types of chemotherapy. Accurate estimation of glomerular filtration at the bedside is essential in the management of children with cancer. Bedside formulae for the estimation of glomerular filtration have not been validated in children with cancer. We investigated the accuracy of three formulae (the original Schwartz, Counahan-Barratt, and revised Schwartz equations) against measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of children with cancer.


PROCEDURE
This was a retrospective review of existing data from a single institution. The electronic medical record was queried for subjects meeting inclusion criteria during a 3.5 year time frame. Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement among current formulae and estimating the GFR compared to the measured, or index GFR. Logistic regression was performed to identify potential variables with an effect on the estimation of GFR.


RESULTS
None of the three estimation formulae provided a reliable estimate of the index GFR. The mean difference was lowest between the revised Schwartz and the index GFR compared to the other two formulae and the index GFR. For the original Schwartz equation, age and prior receipt of chemotherapy were significant predictors of under- and overestimation. For the revised Schwartz equation, one age group (6-12 years) and a diagnosis of neuroblastoma actively receiving chemotherapy were positive risk factors for overestimation of the GFR.


CONCLUSION
Currently available estimation formulae for GFR may not be appropriate for children with cancer.
Objective accommodation measurement with the Grand Seiko and Hartinger coincidence refractometer.

PURPOSE
Subjective push-up tests and dynamic retinoscopy are standard clinical accommodation tests. These are inadequate for assessing if accommodation can be restored in presbyopes. Commercially available clinical autorefractors offer potentially reliable methods for objective accommodation measurement. This study evaluated accuracy and reliability of the Grand Seiko WR-5100K autorefractor for objective accommodation measurement in young adults.


METHODS
Twenty-two subjects, aged 21 to 30 years (mean 25.6 +/- 2.26) participated. Three methods were used to stimulate and measure accommodation: (1) subjective push-up test in free space, (2) a near target pushed-up on a near-point rod and the response measured with the WR-5100K and a Hartinger coincidence refractometer (HCR), and (3) a distant target viewed through increasing powered negative trial lenses and the response measured with the WR-5100K and the HCR. Trial lens calibration procedures were also used to test the accuracy of the instruments.


RESULTS
Average maximum accommodative amplitude with the subjective push-up test was 7.74 D +/- 0.36 D (mean +/- SE). For a 5 D stimulus, accommodation of 4.68 D +/- 0.10 D (mean +/- SE) and 4.13 D +/- 0.09 D was measured with the WR-5100K and the HCR, respectively. With a distant target viewed through a -5.00 D trial lens, the WR-5100K measured 4.07 D +/- 0.09 D and the HCR measured 4.05 D +/- 0.09 D of accommodation. Maximum mean response measured with trial lens-induced accommodation was 5.67 D +/- 0.15 D with the WR-5100K and 5.77 D +/- 0.18 D with the HCR.


CONCLUSIONS
The subjective push-up test overestimated accommodative amplitude relative to the objective measures. The WR-5100K showed good agreement in the responses measured for both pushed-up near targets and a distant target viewed through trial lenses with the HCR, a widely used laboratory instrument. The Grand Seiko WR-5100K, a commercially available instrument, has been demonstrated to be well suited for clinical, objective accommodation measurement using a population of normal young adults.
The function of the cerebellar uvula in monkey during optokinetic and pursuit eye movements: single-unit responses and lesion effects

The cerebellum is known to participate in visually guided eye movements. The cerebellar uvula receives projections from pontine nuclei that have been implicated in visual motion processing and the generation of smooth pursuit. Single-unit and lesion studies were conducted to determine how the uvula might further process these input signals. Purkinje cells and input fibers were recorded during a variety of visual and oculomotor paradigms. Most Purkinje cells were modulated in either an excitatory or inhibitory fashion by prolonged, horizontal optokinetic drum rotation. A small proportion of cells responded during smooth tracking of a small spot of light. As a paradox to the physiological data, lesions of the uvula produced a profound effect on smooth-pursuit eye movements. Initial eye velocity for pursuit in the direction contraversive to the lesion site was increased substantially following lesions in comparison with prelesion controls. The lesions also affected optokinetic nystagmus in the direction contraversive to the lesion, but not as drastically as they did pursuit. Overall the results suggest that the uvula is not in the neuronal pathway that directly controls pursuit, but instead serves to adjust the gain of this system as a result of abnormal periods of motion of the visual world.
Design & Analysis of Miniaturized Asymmetric Coplanar Strip Fed Antenna for Multi-Band WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A novel, compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed multi-band antenna for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications is proposed and discussed in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a simple monopole structure with a mirror-L shaped branch and two rectangular radiating strips. It has a very small size of 13.75 × 26 mm2 including the ground plane. The mirror-L shaped branch excites a resonant mode at 2.5 GHz, and on the other side, ACS-fed monopole structure with two rectangular strips (one horizontal and one vertical) excite the resonant modes at 3.3 GHz and 5.75 GHz respectively. By properly selecting the lengths and positions of these radiating branches, multiband operation with wider impedance bandwidth can be achieved. The measured and simulated results show that the antenna has impedance bandwidth of 200 MHz (2.40–2.60 GHz), and 2800 MHz (3.2–6.0 GHz), and it can cover the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth, 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The resonances achieved with this technique can be tuned independently, and the equations governing the resonances are given and confirmed by parametric studies. The proposed technique is further validated by designing another antenna working at 1.8/1.9 GHz PCS, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX, 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands.
Flexible Primitives for Distributed Deep Learning in Ray

Distributed computation is increasingly important for deep learning, and many deep learning frameworks provide built-in support for distributed training. This results in a tight coupling between the neural network computation and the underlying distributed execution, which poses a challenge for the implementation of new communication and aggregation strategies. We argue that decoupling the deep learning framework from the distributed execution framework enables the flexible development of new communication and aggregation strategies. Furthermore, we argue that Ray [12] provides a flexible set of distributed computing primitives that, when used in conjunction with modern deep learning libraries, enable the implementation of a wide range of gradient aggregation strategies appropriate for different computing environments. We show how these primitives can be used to address common problems, and demonstrate the performance benefits empirically.