LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Biochemical Results, Toxicity, and Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Delivery of Dose-Escalated Image Guided Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSE
To report clinical outcomes in patients treated with image guided proton therapy (PT) for localized prostate cancer.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
The medical records of 1327 men were reviewed. Each man was enrolled on an outcomes tracking study. Dual enrollment on a prospective clinical trial was allowed. Each patient was treated for localized prostate cancer with PT at our institution between 2006 and 2010. Ninety-eight percent of patients received 78 Gy (radiobiological equivalent [RBE]) or higher; 18% received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The 5-year freedom from biochemical progression (FFBP), distant metastasis-free survival, and cause-specific survival rates are reported for each risk group. Data on patient-reported quality of life and high-grade toxicities were prospectively collected and reported. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical predictors of biochemical failure and urologic toxicity.


RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 5.5 years. The 5-year FFBP rates were 99%, 94%, and 74% in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients, respectively. The actuarial 5-year rates of late grade 3+ Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0, gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity were 0.6% and 2.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between grade 3+ GU toxicity and pretreatment prostate reductive procedures (P<.0001), prostate volume (P=.0085), pretreatment α-blockers (P=.0067), diabetes (P=.0195), and dose-volume histogram parameters (P=.0208). The median International Prostate Symptom Scores pretreatment scores and scores at 5 years after treatment were 7 and 7, respectively. The mean Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) scores significantly declined for sexual summary for patients not receiving ADT (from 67 to 53) between baseline and 5 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Image guided PT provided excellent biochemical control rates for patients with localized prostate cancer. The actuarial rates of high-grade toxicity were low after PT. From pretreatment to 5 years of follow-up, a significant decline was found only in mean EPIC sexual summary scores. Prospective clinical studies are needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of PT and other radiation treatment strategies.
IT-BPO INDUSTRY PROFILE , PROSPECTS , CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FOR GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT

INTRODUCTION The Information Technology – Business Process Outsourcing (IT-BPO) Industry is one of the most dynamic emerging sectors of the Philippines. It has expanded widely and it exhibits great dynamism, but people have the notion that the BPO industry is solely comprised of call centers, when it is actually more diverse with back-offices, knowledge process outsourcing, software design and engineering, animation, game development, as well as transcription. These sub-sectors are still small in terms of the number of establishments, companies and employees, but they are growing steadily, supported by several government programs and industry associations. Given such support and in addition, the technology-intensive nature of the sector, the ITBPO industry could significantly shape the future of the services industry of the Philippines.
Knowledge, attitudes, and breast feeding practices of postnatal mothers: A cross sectional survey.

BACKGROUND
Breast feeding has several benefits for both the infants and mothers. However, despite strong evidences in support of breast feeding its prevalence has remained low worldwide. The objective of the present study was to examine the knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding and infant feeding practices among Indian postnatal mothers.


METHODOLOGY
A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among randomly selected postnatal mothers at Pediatric outpatient department at a tertiary care center. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire.


RESULTS
Our findings revealed that a majority (88.5%) of the mothers were breast feeders. However, merely 27% of the mothers were exclusive breast feeders and only 36.9% initiated breast feeding within an hour. While mothers have good knowledge on breast feeding (12.05±1.74, M±SD), the average score of the Iowa Infant Feeding Scale (IIFAS) (58.77±4.74, M ±SD) indicate neutral attitudes toward breast feeding. Mothers those who were currently breast feeding (58.83 ± 4.74) had more positive attitudes than non- breastfeed mothers (45.21±5.22).


CONCLUSION
Our findings also show that the level of exclusive breast-feeding was low. Thus, it is important to provide prenatal education to mothers and fathers on breast-feeding. We also recommend strengthening the public health education campaigns to promote breast-feeding.
Why do we live in 3+1 dimensions?

In the context of string theory we argue that higher dimensional Dp-branes unwind and evaporate so that we are left with D3-branes embedded in a (9+1)-dimensional
Toward a Taxonomy of a Set of Discourse Markers in Dialog: A Theoretical and Computational Linguistic Account

(2003). Towards a taxonomy of a set of discourse markers in dialog: a theoretical and computational linguistic account. Abstract Discourse markers are verbal and non-verbal devices that mark transition points in communication. They presumably facilitate the construction of a mental representation of the events described by the discourse. A taxonomy of these relational markers is one important beginning in investigations of language use. While several taxonomies of coherence relations have been proposed for monolog, only a few have been proposed for dialog. This paper presents a taxonomy of between-turn coherence relations in dialog and discusses several issues that arise out of constructing such a taxonomy. A large number of discourse markers was sampled from the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English. Two judges substituted each type of these markers for all other markers. This extensive substitution test determined whether hyponymous, hypernymous and synonymous relations existed between the markers from this corpus of dialogs. Evidence is presented for clustering coherence relations into four categories: direction, polarity, acceptance and empathics. language is the act of communication that normally is coordinated between its participants. The speaker or writer of a message needs to coordinate when to say what, what to say to whom, how and why to say it. In writing this is often difficult because the hearer is not simultaneously present in the communicative act 1. In dialog, speakers have the advantage that hearers are present They know whether they have the hearer " s attention, whom they are talking to, when they can start and stop speaking, and what they can say. Hearers generally give clues on each of these aspects by providing feedback. Coordination between speakers and hearers consists of multifaceted tasks between the parties involved. For instance, speakers need to monitor whether hearers are attending to what is said (is the hearer making eye contact?), who they are talking to (is the hearer an authority?), when they are speaking (is there a pause in the conversation which allows the speaker to start speaking?), what to say (how to express a meaningful information?), and whether the speaker needs to follow up on an earlier piece of information (is there anything that is by convention expected from the speaker based on previous pieces of information). This makes dialog a very dynamic act of coordination. Take for instance the following dialog in the Santa Barbara Corpus for Spoken American English (SBSAE) …
The role of novel and known extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the homeostatic and regenerative bone marrow microenvironment

Maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and differentiation of committed progenitors occurs in highly specialized niches. The interactions of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with cells, growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment control homeostasis of HSPCs. We only start to understand the complexity of the haematopoietic niche(s) that comprises endosteal, arterial, sinusoidal, mesenchymal and neuronal components. These distinct niches produce a broad range of soluble factors and adhesion molecules that modulate HSPC fate during normal hematopoiesis and BM regeneration. Adhesive interactions between HSPCs and the microenvironment will influence their localization and differentiation potential. In this review we highlight the current understanding of the functional role of ECM- and adhesion (regulating) molecules in the haematopoietic niche during homeostatic and regenerative hematopoiesis. This knowledge may lead to the improvement of current cellular therapies and more efficient development of future cellular products.
Arm exercise capacity and dyspnea ratings in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the metabolic, ventilatory, and dyspnea responses to unsupported arm exercise, supported arm exercise and leg exercise between subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy age-matched controls.


METHODS
For this study, 21 subjects with COPD (mean age, 62 +/- 2 years; predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)], 37 +/- 3%) and 7 healthy age-matched control subjects (% pred FEV(1) = 109 +/- 5%) were included in the analyses of three incremental exercise tests to peak work capacity: unsupported arm exercise, supported arm exercise (arm ergometry), and leg exercise (cycle ergometry). Work level, oxygen consumption (VO(2)), minute ventilation (V(E)), dyspnea, and rate of perceived exertion were measured each minute.


RESULTS
Peak work level and peak VO(2) were significantly reduced in the subjects with COPD for all exercise tests (P <.01 for all), as compared with the control subjects. Within the COPD group, the VO(2) and V(E) at peak exercise were significantly lower for unsupported arm exercise than for both the leg and supported arm exercises (both P <.001). The ratio of V(E) to maximal voluntary ventilation was high for leg exercise (96%), supported arm exercise (91%), and unsupported arm exercise (77%) among the subjects with COPD. At a given percentage of VO(2) peak, dyspnea scores were similar for all the exercise tests.


CONCLUSIONS
Ventilatory constraints limit exercise performance in COPD. The lowest amount of work, in terms of VO(2,), was during unsupported arm exercise. Because the subjects with COPD had scores showing similar levels of dyspnea at the same percentage of VO(2) peak, it is suggested that patients be encouraged to reach equivalent dyspnea levels when performing unsupported and supported arm exercise training and leg training.
A Package for Survival Analysis in S

3 Mathematical Backround 7 3.1 Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.1 Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.2 Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.3 Mean and median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Expected Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.1 Individual Expected Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Cohort expected survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2.3 Approximations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.4 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3 Cox Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.1 Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3.2 Residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3.3 Variance of the Residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3.4 Tied data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3.5 Tests for Proportional Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.3.6 Robust Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.3.7 Weighted Cox models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.3.8 Estimated survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Brain-Computer Interfacing [In the Spotlight]

Recently, CNN reported on the future of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs are devices that process a user's brain signals to allow direct communication and interaction with the environment. BCIs bypass the normal neuromuscular output pathways and rely on digital signal processing and machine learning to translate brain signals to action (Figure 1). Historically, BCIs were developed with biomedical applications in mind, such as restoring communication in completely paralyzed individuals and replacing lost motor function. More recent applications have targeted nondisabled individuals by exploring the use of BCIs as a novel input device for entertainment and gaming. The task of the BCI is to identify and predict behaviorally induced changes or "cognitive states" in a user's brain signals. Brain signals are recorded either noninvasively from electrodes placed on the scalp [electroencephalogram (EEG)] or invasively from electrodes placed on the surface of or inside the brain. BCIs based on these recording techniques have allowed healthy and disabled individuals to control a variety of devices. In this article, we will describe different challenges and proposed solutions for noninvasive brain-computer interfacing.
CRLH Leaky Wave Antenna Based on ACPS Technology With 180$^{\circ}$  Horizontal Plane Scanning Capability

This study presents a novel composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky wave antenna (LWA) with horizontal plane scanning capability. This LWA consists of 10 CRLH unit cells and coplanar waveguide to coplanar stripline transitions. The proposed balanced CRLH unit cell is based on an asymmetric coplanar stripline structure (ACPS). The parameters of the CRLH unit cell can be determined analytically, enabling easy modification for any other frequency band. Because of its planar and horizontal plane scanning property, the proposed design can also be extended to a sector-shaped multisection LWA, achieving a scanning range of more than 180° in the horizontal plane. By varying the operating frequency, the CRLH leaky wave antenna shows the continuously beam-scanning property from backward to forward in the horizontal plane. A 10-cell prototype exhibits the beam-scanning capability in the horizontal plane, and a 20-cell multisection sector-shaped LWA confirms the approach of designing the wide-range beam-scanning LWA. Experimental results show that the proposed design is in good agreement with the simulation. The planar and low-profile characteristics of the novel CRLH LWA make it suitable for integration with other microwave circuits, and can be applied to applications that require a wider beam-scanning range.
Looking for new, not known music only: music retrieval by melody style

With the growth of digital music, content-based music retrieval (CBMR) has attracted increasingly attention. For most CBMR systems, the task is to return music objects similar to query in syntactic properties such as pitch and interval contour sequence. These approaches provide users the capability to look for music that has been heard. However, sometimes, listeners are looking, not for music they have been known, but for music that is new to them. Moreover, people sometimes want to retrieve music that "feels like" another music object or a music style. To the best of our knowledge, no published work investigates the content-based music style retrieval. This paper describes an approach for CBMR by melody style. We proposed four types of query specification for melody style query. The output of the melody style query is a music list ranked by the degree of relevance, in terms of music style, to the query. We developed the melody style mining algorithm to obtain the melody style classification rules. The style ranking is determined by the style classification rules. The experiment showed the proposed approach provides a satisfactory way for query by melody style.
Home automation using Internet of Thing

In this era of digitization and automation, the life of human beings is getting simpler as almost everything is automatic, replacing the old manual systems. Nowadays humans have made internet an integral part of their everyday life without which they are helpless. Internet of things (IoT) provides a platform that allows devices to connect, sensed and controlled remotely across a network infrastructure. In this paper we focus on home automation using smart phone and computer. The iot devices controls and monitors the electronic electrical and the mechanical systems used in various types of buildings. The devices connected to the cloud server are controlled by a single admin which facilitate a number of users to which a number of sensor and control nodes are connected. The admin can access and control all the nodes connected to each user but a single user can control only the nodes to which the user itself is connected. This whole system using Internet of Things (iot) will allow mobile devices and computers to remotely control all the functions and features of home appliances from anywhere around the world using the internet connection. The system designed is economical and can be expanded as it allows connection and controlling of a number of different devices.
Longitudinal Assessment of Critical Thinking in Pharmacy Students

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in critical thinking ability and disposition over a 4-year Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. Methods. Two standardized tests, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) were used to follow the development of critical thinking ability and disposition during a 4-year professional pharmacy program. The tests were given to all pharmacy students admitted to the PharmD program at the College of Pharmacy of North Dakota State University (NDSU) on the first day of classes, beginning in 1997, and repeated late in the spring semester each year thereafter. Results. Increases in CCTST scores were noted as students progressed through each year of the curriculum, with a 14% total increase by graduation (P< 0.001). That the increase was from a testing effect is unlikely because students who took a different version at graduation scored no differently than students who took the original version. There was no increase in CCTDI score. Conclusion. The generic critical thinking ability of pharmacy students at NDSU’s College of Pharmacy appeared to increase over the course of the program, while their motivation to think critically did not appear to increase.
Transfer Learning for Sequence Tagging with Hierarchical Recurrent Networks

Recent papers have shown that neural networks obtain state-of-the-art performance on several different sequence tagging tasks. One appealing property of such systems is their generality, as excellent performance can be achieved with a unified architecture and without task-specific feature engineering. However, it is unclear if such systems can be used for tasks without large amounts of training data. In this paper we explore the problem of transfer learning for neural sequence taggers, where a source task with plentiful annotations (e.g., POS tagging on Penn Treebank) is used to improve performance on a target task with fewer available annotations (e.g., POS tagging for microblogs). We examine the effects of transfer learning for deep hierarchical recurrent networks across domains, applications, and languages, and show that significant improvement can often be obtained. These improvements lead to improvements over the current state-ofthe-art on several well-studied tasks.1
The illness perceptions associated with health and behavioural outcomes in people with musculoskeletal hand problems: findings from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP).

OBJECTIVE
Illness perceptions may influence health outcomes, including pain. The objective of the study was to investigate the illness perceptions associated with health and behaviour in a population of older adults with musculoskeletal hand problems.


METHODS
A two-stage cross-sectional postal survey was sent to individuals aged 50 yrs and over, registered with three general practices in North Staffordshire. Stage 1, a Health Survey questionnaire, was sent to 11,230 individuals and enquired about general health status, including anxiety and depression. Individuals reporting hand problems at Stage 1 were sent Stage 2, a detailed hand questionnaire. The hand questionnaire included: the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) (hand and finger function, pain and medication scales), and questions on self-reported diagnoses and general practitioner (GP) consultation. Perceptions were measured by the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R), and an item on perceived frustration with their hand problems. Of the 7878 responders to the Health Survey questionnaire 3749 (47.6%) reported 'hand problems' and 2695 (71.9%) gave permission to be re-contacted. The hand questionnaire was completed by 2113 (adjusted response rate 78.6%).


RESULTS
A belief that their hand problem had a profound impact on life, caused a range of symptoms and made them frustrated were the perceptions most strongly and consistently associated with health and behaviour. There was little difference between individuals who did and those who did not report their hand problem to be osteoarthritis with respect to perceptions or between perceptions associated with health and behaviour.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that older people who consider their musculoskeletal hand problem to have negative effects on their life will be more likely to encounter difficulties that may lead them to consult, take medication or both. Understanding the illness perceptions of these individuals may identify opportunities for intervention.
Hexahedral Mesh Generation by Successive Dual Cycle Elimination

We propose a new method for constructing all-hexahedral finite element meshes. The core of our method is to build up a compatible combinatorial cell complex of hexahedra for a solid body which is topologically a ball, and for which a quadrilateral surface mesh of a certain structure is prescribed. The step-wise creation of the hex complex is guided by the cycle structure of the combinatorial dual of the surface mesh. Our method transforms the graph of the surface mesh iteratively by changing the dual cycle structure until we get the surface mesh of a single hexahedron. Starting with a single hexahedron and reversing the order of the graph transformations, each transformation step can be interpreted as adding one or more hexahedra to the so far created hex complex. Given an arbitrary solid body, we first decompose it into simpler subdomains equivalent to topological balls by adding virtual 2-manifolds. Secondly, we determine a compatible quadrilateral surface mesh for all subdomains created. Then, in the main part we can use the core routine to build up a hex complex for each subdomain independently. The embedding and smoothing of the combinatorial mesh(es) finishes the mesh generation process. First results obtained for complex geometries are encouraging.