LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Use of Tisseel fibrin sealant in neurosurgical procedures: incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leaks and cost-benefit analysis in a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of using the fibrin sealant (FS) Tisseel (Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, IL) for patients undergoing anterior cranial base, infratemporal, and retromastoid surgical procedures.


METHODS
A retrospective review was performed, comparing two matched populations of patients who underwent surgical procedures using anterior cranial, infratemporal, or retromastoid approaches to intracranial pathological lesions. The incidences of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in matched groups treated with the FS Tisseel or treated without FS were compared. The costs of Tisseel use were examined in comparison with the costs of postoperative management of CSF leaks and/or tension pneumocranium with spinal drainage and occasionally surgical reexploration, when lumbar drainage failed.


RESULTS
Patients who received the FS Tisseel exhibited no detectable postoperative CSF leaks or tension pneumocranium. Patients who did not receive Tisseel demonstrated 4 to 16% incidences of postoperative leaks, depending on the surgical approach used. The costs of treating those leaks far exceeded the costs of using Tisseel, even if it were used indiscriminately for all patients.


CONCLUSION
This retrospective review indicates that the FS Tisseel reduces the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks and tension pneumocranium while reducing overall management costs. Further prospective study is needed to determine which patients can benefit most from FS use.
Proposal of a Fully Superconducting Motor for Liquid Hydrogen Pump With MgB$_{2}$  Wire

The outline design of a fully superconducting motor for liquid hydrogen pump with a magnesium-diboride (MgB2) superconducting wire is carried out to present various advantages arising from its prospective performances. The squirrel-cage rotor winding composed of superconducting loops with the MgB2 wire enables us to operate the motor not only in a slip mode but also in a synchronous rotation mode, and consequently the rotor winding loss can be suppressed drastically. Furthermore, it would be expected that the stator winding loss becomes smaller by using the MgB2 wire compared with familiar normal metals as typified by a copper. The time evolution of magnetic field distribution around the stator winding is obtained by means of a finite element analysis in order to estimate the AC loss and the primary circuit resistance.
Clinical course, characteristics and prognostic indicators in patients presenting with back and leg pain in primary care. The ATLAS study protocol

BACKGROUND
Low-back related leg pain with or without nerve root involvement is associated with a poor prognosis compared to low back pain (LBP) alone. Compared to the literature investigating prognostic indicators of outcome for LBP, there is limited evidence on prognostic factors for low back-related leg pain including the group with nerve root pain. This 1 year prospective consultation-based observational cohort study will describe the clinical, imaging, demographic characteristics and health economic outcomes for the whole cohort, will investigate differences and identify prognostic indicators of outcome (i.e. change in disability at 12 months), for the whole cohort and, separately, for those classified with and without nerve root pain. In addition, nested qualitative studies will provide insights on the clinical consultation and the impact of diagnosis and treatment on patients' symptom management and illness trajectory.


METHODS
Adults aged 18 years and over consulting their General Practitioner (GP) with LBP and radiating leg pain of any duration at (n = 500) GP practices in North Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent, UK will be invited to participate. All participants will receive a standardised assessment at the clinic by a study physiotherapist and will be classified according to the clinically determined presence or absence of nerve root pain/involvement. All will undergo a lumbar spine MRI scan. All participants will be managed according to their clinical need. The study outcomes will be measured at 4 and 12 months using postal self-complete questionnaires. Data will also be collected each month using brief postal questionnaires to enable detailed description of the course of low back and leg pain over time. Clinical observations and patient interviews will be used for the qualitative aspects of the study.


DISCUSSION
This prospective clinical observational cohort will combine self-reported data, comprehensive clinical and MRI assessment, together with qualitative enquiries, to describe the course, health care usage, patients' experiences and prognostic indicators in an adult population presenting in primary care with LBP and leg pain with or without nerve root involvement.
Triage decisions of United Kingdom police firearms officers using a multiple-casualty scenario paper exercise.

INTRODUCTION
British police officers authorized to carry firearms may need to make judgments about the severity of injury of individuals or the relative priority of clinical need of a group of injured patients in tactical and non-tactical situations. Most of these officers receive little or no medical training beyond basic first aid to enable them to make these clinical decisions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of triage decision-making of firearms-trained police officers with and without printed decision-support materials.


METHODS
Eighty-two police firearms officers attending a tactical medicine course (FASTAid) were recruited to the study. Data were collected using a paper-based triage exercise that contained brief, clinical details of 20 adults and 10 children. Subjects were asked to assign a clinical priority of immediate or priority 1 (P1); urgent or priority 2 (P2); delayed or priority 3 (P3); or dead, to each casualty. Then, they were provided with decision-making materials, but were not given any instruction as to how these materials should be used. Subjects then completed a second triage exercise, identical to the first, except this time using the decision-support materials. Data were analyzed using mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance. This allowed comparisons to be made between the scores for Exercise 1 (no decision-support material) and Exercise 2 (with decision-support material). It also allowed any differences between those students with previous triage training and those without previous training to be explored.


RESULTS
The use of triage decision-making materials resulted in a significant increase in correct responses (p < 0.001). Improvement in accuracy appears to result mainly from a reduction in the extent of under-triage. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between those who had received previous triage training and those who had not, with those having received triage training doing slightly better.


CONCLUSION
It appears that significant improvements in the accuracy of triage decision-making by police firearms officers can be achieved with the use of appropriate triage decision-support materials. Training may offer additional improvements in accuracy, but this improvement is likely to be small when decision-support materials are provided. With basic clinical skills and appropriate decision-support materials, it is likely that the police officer can make accurate triage decisions in a multiple-casualty scenario or make judgments of the severity of injury of a given individual in both tactical and non-tactical situations.
A Featureless Approach to 3D Polyhedral Building Modeling from Aerial Images

This paper presents a model-based approach for reconstructing 3D polyhedral building models from aerial images. The proposed approach exploits some geometric and photometric properties resulting from the perspective projection of planar structures. Data are provided by calibrated aerial images. The novelty of the approach lies in its featurelessness and in its use of direct optimization based on image rawbrightness. The proposed framework avoids feature extraction and matching. The 3D polyhedral model is directly estimated by optimizing an objective function that combines an image-based dissimilarity measure and a gradient score over several aerial images. The optimization process is carried out by the Differential Evolution algorithm. The proposed approach is intended to provide more accurate 3D reconstruction than feature-based approaches. Fast 3D model rectification and updating can take advantage of the proposed method. Several results and evaluations of performance from real and synthetic images show the feasibility and robustness of the proposed approach.
Brain-Language Research: Where is the Progress?

Recent cognitive neuroscience research improved our understanding of where, when, how, and why language circuits emerge and activate in the human brain. Where: Regions crucial for very specific linguistic processes were delineated; phonetic features and fine semantic categories could be mapped onto specific sets of cortical areas. When: Brain correlates of phonological, syntactic and semantic processes were documented early on, suggesting language understanding in an instant (within 250 ms). How: New mechanistic network models mimicking structure and function of left-perisylvian language areas suggest that multimodal action-perception circuits — rather than separate modules for action and perception — carry the processing resources for language use and understanding. Why language circuits emerge in specific areas, become active at specific early time points and are connected in specific ways is best addressed in light of neuroscience principles governing neuronal activation, correlation learning, and, critically, partly predetermined structural information wired into connections between cortical neurons and areas.
Ensemble deep learning for regression and time series forecasting

In this paper, for the first time, an ensemble of deep learning belief networks (DBN) is proposed for regression and time series forecasting. Another novel contribution is to aggregate the outputs from various DBNs by a support vector regression (SVR) model. We show the advantage of the proposed method on three electricity load demand datasets, one artificial time series dataset and three regression datasets over other benchmark methods.
Circular/Spherical Robots for Crawling and Jumping

We describe circular/spherical robots for crawling and jumping. Locomotion over rough terrain has been achieved mainly by rigid body systems including crawlers and leg mechanisms. This paper presents an alternative method of moving over rough terrain, one that employs deformation. First, we describe the principle of crawling and jumping as performed through deformation of a robot body. Second, in a physical simulation, we investigate the feasibility of the approach. Next, we show experimentally that prototypes of a circular robot and a spherical robot can crawl and jump.
A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and group psychoeducation in patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE
Although the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in schizophrenia has been established in a number of studies, no information is available on the differential efficacy of CBT in comparison with patient psychoeducation (PE).


METHOD
Eighty-eight in-patients with schizophrenia were randomized to receive a therapy envelope of 8 weeks including either 16 sessions group CBT or eight [correction] sessions group PE treatment. Assessments took place at baseline, post-treatment and 6 month follow-up.


RESULTS
Patients, who received CBT were significantly less rehospitalized than patients in the PE group during the follow-up period. On a descriptive level, CBT resulted in lower relapse rates and higher compliance ratings at post-treatment and at follow-up than PE. Both forms of therapy led to significant psychopathological improvement at post-treatment and at follow-up.


CONCLUSION
The brief group CBT intervention showed some superiority to the PE programme, which could be of considerable clinical and economical importance.
Learning from exporting revisited in a less developed setting

Abstract This study asks if firms become more productive by learning through exporting. We do so by estimating production functions using a panel dataset of Indonesian manufacturing establishments from 1990 to 1996. In contrast to previous studies of more developed countries, we find strong evidence that firms experience a jump in productivity of about 2% to 5% following the initiation of exporting. The timing of the performance improvement suggests learning from exporting rather than just self-selection of better firms into export markets.
Cardioprotective properties of sevoflurane in patients undergoing coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are related to the modalities of its administration.

BACKGROUND
Experimental studies have related the cardioprotective effects of sevoflurane both to preconditioning properties and to beneficial effects during reperfusion. In clinical studies, the cardioprotective effects of volatile agents seem more important when administered throughout the procedure than when used only in the preconditioning period. The authors hypothesized that the cardioprotective effects of sevoflurane observed in patients undergoing coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are related to timing and duration of its administration.


METHODS
Elective coronary surgery patients were randomly assigned to four different anesthetic protocols (n = 50 each). In a first group, patients received a propofol based intravenous regimen (propofol group). In a second group, propofol was replaced by sevoflurane from sternotomy until the start of cardiopulmonary bypass (SEVO pre group). In a third group, propofol was replaced by sevoflurane after completion of the coronary anastomoses (SEVO post group). In a fourth group, propofol was administered until sternotomy and then replaced by sevoflurane for the remaining of the operation (SEVO all group). Postoperative concentrations of cardiac troponin I were followed during 48 h. Cardiac function was assessed perioperatively and during 24 h postoperatively.


RESULTS
Postoperative troponin I concentrations in the SEVO all group were lower than in the propofol group. Stroke volume decreased transiently after cardiopulmonary bypass in the propofol group but remained unchanged throughout in the SEVO all group. In the SEVO pre and SEVO post groups, stroke volume also decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass but returned earlier to baseline values than in the propofol group. Duration of stay in the intensive care unit was lower in the SEVO all group than in the propofol group.


CONCLUSION
In patients undergoing coronary artery surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, the cardioprotective effects of sevoflurane were clinically most apparent when it was administered throughout the operation.
Total hip arthroplasty: leg length inequality impairs functional outcomes and patient satisfaction

BACKGROUND
Leg length inequality (LLI) was identified as a problem of total hip arthroplasty soon after its introduction. Leg lengthening is the most common form of LLI. Possible consequences are limping, neuronal dysfunction and aseptic component loosening. LLI can result in an increased strain both on the contralateral hip joint and on the abductor muscles. We assessed the influence of leg lengthening and shortening on walking capacity, hip pain, limping and patient satisfaction at 2-year follow-up.


METHODS
478 cases with postoperative lengthening and 275 with shortening were identified, and matched with three controls each. Rigorous adjustment for potential differences in baseline patient characteristics was performed by propensity-score matching of covariates. The arbitrarily defined desired outcomes were a walking capacity >60 minutes, no hip pain, no limping, and excellent patient satisfaction. Differences in not achieving the desired outcomes between the groups were expressed as odds ratios.


RESULTS
In the lengthened case group, the odds ratio for not being able to walk for an hour was 1.70 (95% CI 1.28-2.26) for cases compared to controls, and the odds ratio for having hip pain at follow-up was 1.13 (95% CI 0.78-1.64). The odds ratio for limping was 2.08 (95% CI 1.55-2.80). The odds ratio for not achieving excellent patient satisfaction was 1.67 (95% CI 1.23-2.28). In the shortening case group, the odds ratio for not being able to walk for an hour was 1.23 (95% CI 0.84-1.81), and the odds ratio for having hip pain at follow-up was 1.60 (95% CI 1.05-2.44). The odds ratio for limping for cases was 2.61 (95% CI 1.78-3.21). The odds ratio for not achieving excellent patient satisfaction was 2.15 (95% CI 1.44-3.21).


CONCLUSIONS
Walking capacity, limping and patient satisfaction were all significantly associated with leg lengthening, whereas pain alleviation was not. In contrast, hip pain, limping and patient satisfaction were all significantly associated with leg shortening, whereas walking capacity was not.
Localizing mobile RF targets using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles with heterogeneous sensing capabilities

In this paper, we consider the problem of locating a mobile radio frequency (RF) target using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sensors with varying accuracies. We investigate the localization task performance as we vary (1) the configuration of multiple UAVs (sensor locations), (2) the type of sensors onboard the UAVs, and (3) the sensor sequence. We use the well known optimal recursive estimation techniques (Kalman filtering) to combine captured sensor values from multiple UAVs and to investigate sensor scheduling issues to minimize the target location error. We present our findings in the form of simulation results.
Portraiture in Africa

A portrait depicts a specific person, and the idea of portraiture springs from a common impulse to remember and be remembered, whether the reasons are personal or political, ritual or social. The nature of portrayal differs from culture to culture, however, subject to concepts of individualism, the prevailing aesthetic, and a host of social or ritual beliefs particular to a given time period, people, or place.' Western culture emphasizes individual identity, Western art features representation, and the portrait canon stresses physiognomic likeness-notably, the communication of personality through facial features and expression. We do not know what John Harvard looked like, yet a quite realistic sculpted image bearing his name surveys Harvard Yard. In contrast, African culture emphasizes social identity, the African aesthetic is a generalizing one, and the portrait image is individuated by name and context. Thus such widely disparate visual configurations as Kurumba antelope headdresses (Roy 1987) and dressed houses (Fig. 4) work as portraits in Africa alongside representational (Fig. 3) and stylized (Fig. 10) human images.2 Recognition of the portrait genre in Africa stems from the same interaction of situations and events that has expanded the range of African images now generally considered appropriate to study under the rubric "art"-notably developments in Western art since the late 1800s, field study in Africa by Euroamerican scholars, and the increasing participation of scholars from Africa in the academic disciplines concerned with material culture (Borgatti 1976a). The modern period in Western art is rich in examples of portraiture that convey personal identity without resorting to literal physical description-making them more like African portraits and making it easier for us to recognize comparable images in Africa. For example, reliance upon literary reference and indirection creates a conceptual and cross-cultural bond between such works as Charles Demuth's I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (Fig. 7), a symbolic portrait of William Carlos Williams that refers to his poetry (Aiken 1987), and Fon applique portraits (Fig. 8) that draw upon the imagery of a proverb to sug2. COMMEMORATIVE MASK (OLIMI NIKEKE) REPRESENTING ZIBIRI ATEKPE'S FATHER, ATEKPE. CARVED BY JAMES JOHN, 1978. OKPELLA, NORTHERN EDO, NIGERIA. ZIBIRI ATEKPE'S COMPOUND, OGIRIGA VILLAGE, 1979. PHOTO: JEAN M. BORGATTI.
Virginia Woolf and the modern sublime : the invisible tribunal

1. Like Giving Birth to a Dead White Star: An Introduction To the Modern Sublime in Virginia Woolf 2. Burning Through Every Context: On Narrating The Modern Sublime in Jacob's Room 3. The Uncanny Muse of Creative Reading: On The New Cambridge Edition of Mrs. Dalloway 4. The Modern Sublime in To the Lighthouse 5. The Revisionary Muse in On Being Ill: Literary Politics, Modernist-Style 6. 'Unborn Selves' in The Waves 7. The Self-Revising Muse: On the Spirit of The Unborn Creator in A Room of One's Own 8. Coda: 'Images of Voice' and the Art of the Sublime
Postterm pregnancy

Postterm pregnancy is a pregnancy that extends to 42 weeks of gestation or beyond. Fetal, neonatal and maternal complications associated with this condition have always been underestimated. It is not well understood why some women become postterm although in obesity, hormonal and genetic factors have been implicated. The management of postterm pregnancy constitutes a challenge to clinicians; knowing who to induce, who will respond to induction and who will require a caesarean section (CS). The current definition and management of postterm pregnancy have been challenged in several studies as the emerging evidence demonstrates that the incidence of complications associated with postterm pregnancy also increase prior to 42 weeks of gestation. For example the incidence of stillbirth increases from 39 weeks onwards with a sharp rise after 40 weeks of gestation. Induction of labour before 42 weeks of gestation has the potential to prevent these complications; however, both patients and clinicians alike are concerned about risks associated with induction of labour such as failure of induction and increases in CS rates. There is a strong body of evidence however that demonstrates that induction of labour at term and prior to 42 weeks of gestation (particularly between 40 & 42 weeks) is associated with a reduction in perinatal complications without an associated increase in CS rates. It seems therefore that a policy of induction of labour at 41 weeks in postterm women could be beneficial with potential improvement in perinatal outcome and a reduction in maternal complications.
Tracking Algorithms for Multistatic Sonar Systems

Activated reconnaissance systems based on target illumination are of high importance for surveillance tasks where targets are nonemitting. Multistatic configurations, where multiple illuminators andmultiple receivers are located separately, are of particular interest. The fusion of measurements is a prerequisite for extracting and maintaining target tracks. The inherent ambiguity of the data makes the use of adequate algorithms, such as multiple hypothesis tracking, inevitable. For their design, the understanding of the residual clutter, the sensor resolution and the characteristic impact of the propagation medium is important. This leads to precise sensor models, which are able to determine the performance of the surveillance team. Incorporating these models in multihypothesis tracking leads to a situationally aware data fusion and tracking algorithm. Various implementations of this algorithm are evaluated with the help of simulated and measured data sets. Incorporating model knowledge leads to increased performance, but only if the model is in line with the physical reality: we need to find a compromise between refined and robust tracking models. Furthermore, to implement the model, which is inherently nonlinear for multistatic sonar, approximations have to be made. When engineering the multistatic tracking system, sensitivity studies help to tune model assumptions and approximations.