LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Practical PET Respiratory Motion Correction in Clinical PET/MR.

UNLABELLED
Respiratory motion during PET acquisition may lead to blurring in resulting images and underestimation of uptake parameters. The advent of integrated PET/MR scanners allows us to exploit the integration of modalities, using high spatial resolution and high-contrast MR images to monitor and correct PET images degraded by motion. We proposed a practical, anatomy-independent MR-based correction strategy for PET data affected by respiratory motion and showed that it can improve image quality both for PET acquired simultaneously to the motion-capturing MR and for PET acquired up to 1 h earlier during a clinical scan.


METHODS
To estimate the respiratory motion, our method needs only an extra 1-min dynamic MR scan, acquired at the end of the clinical PET/MR protocol. A respiratory signal was extracted directly from the PET list-mode data. This signal was used to gate the PET data and to construct a motion model built from the dynamic MR data. The estimated motion was then incorporated into the PET image reconstruction to obtain a single motion-corrected PET image. We evaluated our method in 2 steps. The PET-derived respiratory signal was compared with an MR measure of diaphragmatic displacement via a pencil-beam navigator. The motion-corrected images were compared with uncorrected images with visual inspection, line profiles, and standardized uptake value (SUV) in focally avid lesions.


RESULTS
We showed a strong correlation between the PET-derived and MR-derived respiratory signals for 9 patients, with a mean correlation of 0.89. We then showed 4 clinical case study examples ((18)F-FDG and (68)Ga-DOTATATE) using the motion-correction technique, demonstrating improvements in image sharpness and reduction of respiratory artifacts in scans containing pancreatic, liver, and lung lesions as well as cardiac scans. The mean increase in peak SUV (SUV(peak)) and maximum SUV (SUV(max)) in a patient with 4 pancreatic lesions was 23.1% and 34.5% in PET acquired simultaneously with motion-capturing MR, and 17.6% and 24.7% in PET acquired 50 min before as part of the clinical scan.


CONCLUSION
We showed that a respiratory signal can be obtained from raw PET data and that the clinical PET image quality can be improved using only a short additional PET/MR acquisition. Our method does not need external respiratory hardware or modification of the normal clinical MR sequences.
Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat.

BACKGROUND
The fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of agricultural crops is generally low, which results in poor crop yields and low economic benefits to farmers. Among the various approaches used to enhance FUE, impregnation of mineral fertilizers with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is attracting worldwide attention. The present study was aimed to improve growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat by bacterially impregnated mineral fertilizers.


RESULTS
Results of the pot study revealed that impregnation of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea with PGPB was helpful in enhancing the growth, yield, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat. However, the plants treated with F8 type DAP and urea, prepared by coating a slurry of PGPB (Bacillus sp. strain KAP6) and compost on DAP and urea granules at the rate of 2.0 g 100 g-1 fertilizer, produced better results than other fertilizer treatments. In this treatment, growth parameters including plant height, root length, straw yield and root biomass significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 58.8 to 70.0 cm, 41.2 to 50.0 cm, 19.6 to 24.2 g per pot and 1.8 to 2.2 g per pot, respectively. The same treatment improved grain yield of wheat by 20% compared to unimpregnated DAP and urea (F0). Likewise, the maximum increase in photosynthetic rate, grain NP content, grain NP uptake, NUE and PUE of wheat were also recorded with F8 treatment.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the application of bacterially impregnated DAP and urea is highly effective for improving growth, yield and FUE of wheat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Valuation of Health Impacts of Air Pollution from Power Plants in Asia: A Practical Guide

v
The Future of Power Transmission

This paper discusses the future of power transmission in U.S. The revolution in distribution must be accompanied by the continued evolution of the transmission system. It is to find the political alignment that is needed to accept the vision and move forward aggressively. For transmission, that means recognizing that new lines, not just better lines, will be needed. United States has allowed fragmented responsibility for transmission additions to slow the process to an unacceptable extent.
Biomarker-adaptive threshold design: a procedure for evaluating treatment with possible biomarker-defined subset effect.

BACKGROUND
Many molecularly targeted anticancer agents entering the definitive stage of clinical development benefit only a subset of treated patients. This may lead to missing effective agents by the traditional broad-eligibility randomized trials due to the dilution of the overall treatment effect. We propose a statistically rigorous biomarker-adaptive threshold phase III design for settings in which a putative biomarker to identify patients who are sensitive to the new agent is measured on a continuous or graded scale.


METHODS
The design combines a test for overall treatment effect in all randomly assigned patients with the establishment and validation of a cut point for a prespecified biomarker of the sensitive subpopulation. The performance of the biomarker-adaptive design, relative to a traditional design that ignores the biomarker, was evaluated in a simulation study. The biomarker-adaptive design was also used to analyze data from a prostate cancer trial.


RESULTS
In the simulation study, the biomarker-adaptive design preserved the power to detect the overall effect when the new treatment is broadly effective. When the proportion of sensitive patients as identified by the biomarker is low, the proposed design provided a substantial improvement in efficiency compared with the traditional trial design. Recommendations for sample size planning and implementation of the biomarker-adaptive design are provided.


CONCLUSIONS
A statistically valid test for a biomarker-defined subset effect can be prospectively incorporated into a randomized phase III design without compromising the ability to detect an overall effect if the intervention is beneficial in a broad population.
Primary Teachers' Understanding of the Interactive Whiteboard as a Tool for Children's Collaborative Learning and Knowledge-Building.

This paper reports on the second phase of a joint teacher/researcher project that explored teachers’ understandings of the potential of the Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) as a tool for primary school children’s collaborative group work. Using teachers’ written analyses and discussions of work carried out in their own classrooms, links are made between the teachers views of learning and their perspectives on the place of the IWB in such work. The analysis focuses the interrelationships between such features as the collaborative learning process itself, the children’s technical skills and confidence, the mediating role of the teacher, the physical placement of IWB, the IWB affordances for knowledge building, motivational aspects of the learning process, the place of the IWB in the evolving classroom tool systems, and teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and professional development. Conclusions focus on the considerations that might inform a more effective use of the IWB for collaborative group work. Formatted: Font: Not Bold
PAC-optimal, Non-parametric Algorithms and Bounds for Exploration in Concurrent MDPs with Delayed Updates

PAC-optimal, Non-parametric Algorithms and Bounds for Exploration in Concurrent MDPs with Delayed Updates by Jason Pazis Department of Computer Science Duke University Date: Approved: Ronald Parr, Supervisor Vincent Conitzer George Konidaris Mauro Maggioni Peter Stone An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Computer Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright c © 2015 by Jason Pazis All rights reserved except the rights granted by the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License
"You Shoot Like A Girl!": The Female Protagonist in Action-Adventure Video Games

This paper was inspired by the popularity of female video game protagonists despite girls’ and women’s continued hesitance to participate in digital gaming activities. The pilot study examines how the imagery and narrative structure of popular, contemporary video games construct a paradigm of the ideal female heroine. An in-depth content analysis of three best-selling action-adventure video games was conducted. Key findings indicate the recurrence of a paradoxical interplay between beauty ideals and characterization, wherein the female protagonist must reconcile traditional ideals about beauty and body type with the decidedly untraditional gender roles and actions she engages in.
Evidence-based medicine: Face lift.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: (1) Thoroughly recognize the factors that contribute to hematoma after face lift. (2) Describe and apply the current evidence for which technique gives superior results in outcomes after face lift. (3) Use the current evidence to determine whether to incorporate fibrin sealant into the practitioner's intraoperative routine, and its effects on bleeding, fluid accumulation, and bruising. (4) Explain an approach for controlling blood pressure in the perioperative period after face lift. (5) Describe the benefits of controlling nausea and vomiting after face lift. (6) Use appropriate measures to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism when performing face lift. (7) Assess the role of different forms of local anesthetic in reducing postoperative hematoma.


SUMMARY
This article provides a review of the latest evidence regarding the preoperative assessment and perioperative management of patients undergoing face lift. The effects of various pharmacologic interventions and surgical techniques on postoperative complications are also reviewed. In addition, a meta-analysis of recent literature was performed to compare the rates of postoperative hematoma formation following various face lift techniques.
BeeJamA: A Distributed, Self-Adaptive Vehicle Routing Guidance Approach

We present and evaluate our distributed and self-adaptive vehicle routing guidance approach, termed BeeJamA, which provides drivers safely with routing directions well before each intersection. Our approach is based on a multiagent system, which is inspired by the honey bee foraging behavior. It relies on a distributed vehicle-to-infrastructure architecture. On the basis of microscopic traffic simulations under varying penetration rates, we show that BeeJamA outperforms dynamic shortest path algorithms with respect to average (global) travel times and regarding congestion avoidance.
On the effectiveness of preprocessing methods when dealing with different levels of class imbalance

0950-7051/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2011.06.013 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: jimenezv@uji.es (V. García), s mollined@uji.es (R.A. Mollineda). The present paper investigates the influence of both the imbalance ratio and the classifier on the performance of several resampling strategies to deal with imbalanced data sets. The study focuses on evaluating how learning is affected when different resampling algorithms transform the originally imbalanced data into artificially balanced class distributions. Experiments over 17 real data sets using eight different classifiers, four resampling algorithms and four performance evaluation measures show that over-sampling the minority class consistently outperforms under-sampling the majority class when data sets are strongly imbalanced, whereas there are not significant differences for databases with a low imbalance. Results also indicate that the classifier has a very poor influence on the effectiveness of the resampling strategies. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cooperative communications in mobile ad hoc networks

he motivation of this article is to clarify and help resolve the gap between the link abstraction used in traditional wireless networking and its much broader definition used in the context of cooperative communications, which has received significant interest as an untapped means for improving performance of relay transmission systems operating over the ever-challenging wireless medium. The common theme of most research in this area is to optimize physical layer performance measures without considering in much detail how cooperation interacts with higher layers and improves network performance measures. Because these issues are important for enabling cooperative communications to practice in real-world networks, especially for the increasingly important class of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the goals of this article are to survey basic cooperative communications and outline two potential architectures for cooperative MANETs. The first architecture relies on an existing clustered infrastructure: cooperative relays are centrally controlled by cluster heads. In another architecture without explicit clustering, cooperative links are formed by request of a source node in an ad hoc, decentralized fashion. In either case, cooperative communication considerably improves the network connectivity. Although far from a complete study, these architectures provide modified wireless link abstractions and suggest tradeoffs in complexity at the physical and higher layers. Many opportunities and challenges remain, including distributed synchronization, coding, and signal processing among multiple radios; modeling of new link abstractions at higher layers; and multiaccess and routing protocols for networks of cooperative links.
Increased urinary IgM excretion in patients with chest pain due to coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND
Micro-albuminuria is a recognized predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We have previously reported, in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, that an increased urinary excretion of IgM is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of urinary IgM excretion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its correlation to cardiovascular outcome.


METHODS
Urine albumin, and IgM to creatinine concentration ratios were determined in 178 consecutive patients presenting with chest pain to the Department of Emergency Medicine (ED) at the University Hospital of Lund. Fifty eight (23 female) patients had ACS, 55 (19 female) patients had stable angina (SA), and 65 (35 female) patients were diagnosed as non-specific chest pain (NS).


RESULTS
Urine albumin and IgM excretions were significantly higher in patients with ACS (p = 0.001, and p = 0.029, respectively) compared to patients with NS-chest pain. During the 2 years follow-up time, 40 (19 female) patients suffered a new major cardiovascular event (ACS, acute heart failure, stroke) and 5 (4 male/1 female) patients died of cardiovascular cause. A high degree of albuminuria and IgM-uria significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (HR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.48 - 5.66, p = 0.002). Microalbuminuric patients (≥3 mg/mmol) with high IgM-uria (≥0.005 mg/mmol) had a 3-fold higher risk for cardiovascular new events compared to patients with low IgM-uria (RR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1 - 9.9, p = 0.001).


CONCLUSION
In patients with chest pain, an increased urine IgM excretion, is associated with coronary artery disease and long-term cardiovascular complications. Measuring urine IgM concentration could have a clinical value in risk stratification of patients with ACS.
Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear.

UNLABELLED
Orthodontic camouflage in patients with slight or moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions, can be obtained through different treatment alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to present a treatment that has not been described in the literature and which consists of the extraction of lower second molars and distal movement of the posterior segments by means of mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) and fixed appliances as a camouflage alternative. The force applied by the MCH was 250 gr per side (14hr/day). The total treatment time was 1 1/2 years.


CONCLUSION
the extraction of lower second molars along with the use of mandibular cervical headgear is a good treatment alternative for camouflage in moderate Class III patients in order to obtain good occlusal relationships without affecting facial esthetics or producing marked dental compensations.
Sleep–wake disturbances in cancer patients: narrative review of literature focusing on improving quality of life outcomes

PURPOSE
Evidence suggests a high prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances in patients with cancer, occurring at diagnosis, during treatment, and continuing to survivorship. Yet associations between sleep-wake disturbances and the impact on quality of life outcomes is less clear. The purpose of this narrative review of the literature is to evaluate sleep-wake disturbances in patients with cancer, to describe the influence of poor sleep on quality of life as an outcome, and to evaluate the evidence to recommend future interventions.


FRAMEWORK AND METHODS
This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase) were searched using terms "cancer OR neoplasm", "sleep, sleep disturbance, sleep disorders or insomnia", and "quality of life"; the search included all years, English language, and peer-reviewed articles on research studies. Studies included measurements of sleep and quality of life in cancer patients at a minimum of two time points and demonstrated relationships between sleep and quality of life. Data were collected on date, patient demographics, cancer type and treatment, timeframe, design, measurement, variables, and results.


RESULTS
This narrative review demonstrates that sleep-wake disturbance is a major problem/symptom in patients with cancer. Of the 18 studies included, measurement of sleep-related variables included objective and subjective measures; however, direct measurement of the associations between sleep and quality of life was not common. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and mind-body interventions demonstrated feasibility when implemented into cancer care settings. In addition, the majority of interventions exhibited moderate effectiveness in improving sleep-wake disturbance and quality of life outcomes.


CONCLUSION
The studies predominantly reported that poor sleep negatively impacts quality of life. The intervention studies included nonpharmacologic interventions such as cognitive behavioral treatment and mind-body and exercise interventions with moderate-to-high levels of evidence for improvement in sleep measures and quality of life.
The comparison of automated urine analyzers with manual microscopic examination for urinalysis automated urine analyzers and manual urinalysis

OBJECTIVES
Urinalysis is one of the most commonly performed tests in the clinical laboratory. However, manual microscopic sediment examination is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and lacks standardization in high-volume laboratories. In this study, the concordance of analyses between manual microscopic examination and two different automatic urine sediment analyzers has been evaluated.


DESIGN AND METHODS
209 urine samples were analyzed by the Iris iQ200 ELITE (İris Diagnostics, USA), Dirui FUS-200 (DIRUI Industrial Co., China) automatic urine sediment analyzers and by manual microscopic examination. The degree of concordance (Kappa coefficient) and the rates within the same grading were evaluated.


RESULTS
For erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, bacteria, crystals and yeasts, the degree of concordance between the two instruments was better than the degree of concordance between the manual microscopic method and the individual devices. There was no concordance between all methods for casts.


CONCLUSION
The results from the automated analyzers for erythrocytes, leukocytes and epithelial cells were similar to the result of microscopic examination. However, in order to avoid any error or uncertainty, some images (particularly: dysmorphic cells, bacteria, yeasts, casts and crystals) have to be analyzed by manual microscopic examination by trained staff. Therefore, the software programs which are used in automatic urine sediment analysers need further development to recognize urinary shaped elements more accurately. Automated systems are important in terms of time saving and standardization.
Nursing churn and turnover in Australian hospitals: nurses perceptions and suggestions for supportive strategies

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to reveal nurses' experiences and perceptions of turnover in Australian hospitals and identify strategies to improve retention, performance and job satisfaction. Nursing turnover is a serious issue that can compromise patient safety, increase health care costs and impact on staff morale. A qualitative design was used to analyze responses from 362 nurses collected from a national survey of nurses from medical and surgical nursing units across 3 Australian States/Territories.


METHOD
A qualitative design was used to analyze responses from 362 nurses collected from a national survey of nurses from medical and surgical nursing units across 3 Australian States/Territories.


RESULTS
Key factors affecting nursing turnover were limited career opportunities; poor support; a lack of recognition; and negative staff attitudes. The nursing working environment is characterised by inappropriate skill-mix and inadequate patient-staff ratios; a lack of overseas qualified nurses with appropriate skills; low involvement in decision-making processes; and increased patient demands. These issues impacted upon heavy workloads and stress levels with nurses feeling undervalued and disempowered. Nurses described supportive strategies: improving performance appraisals, responsive preceptorship and flexible employment options.


CONCLUSION
Nursing turnover is influenced by the experiences of nurses. Positive steps can be made towards improving workplace conditions and ensuring nurse retention. Improving performance management and work design are strategies that nurse managers could harness to reduce turnover.