LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Endothelium-restricted overexpression of human endothelin-1 causes vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND
Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Endogenous ET-1 is produced predominantly by vascular endothelial cells. To directly test the role of endothelium-derived ET-1 in cardiovascular pathophysiology, we specifically targeted expression of the human preproET-1 gene to the endothelium by using the Tie-2 promoter in C57BL/6 mice.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 transgenic (TG) and nontransgenic (wild type; WT) littermates were studied. TG mice exhibited 3-fold higher vascular tissue ET-1 mRNA and 7-fold higher ET-1 plasma levels than did WT mice but no significant elevation in blood pressure. Despite the absence of significant blood pressure elevation, TG mice exhibited marked hypertrophic remodeling and oxidant excess-dependent endothelial dysfunction of resistance vessels, altered ET-1 and ET-3 vascular responses, and significant increases in ET(B) expression compared with WT littermates. Moreover, TG mice generated significantly higher oxidative stress, possibly through increased activity and expression of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase than did their WT counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
In this new murine model of endothelium-restricted human preproET-1 overexpression, ET-1 caused structural remodeling and endothelial dysfunction of resistance vessels, consistent with a direct nonhemodynamic effect of ET-1 on the vasculature, at least in part through the activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase.
The effect of incremental endurance exercise training on left ventricular mechanics: a prospective observational deformation imaging study.

OBJECTIVE
Exercise training has been known to cause structural and functional alterations in the heart called athletes heart. We aimed to investigate the effects of incremental endurance exercise training (IEET) on the left ventricular (LV) mechanics in healthy subjects.


METHODS
This prospective observational study included 34 healthy young men who participated in competitive sports. The participants were subjected to a six-month IEET program. The LV mechanics measured using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was recorded while the participants were in an inactive state before and at the end of the six months. To compare continuous variables before and after IEET, Wilcoxon or paired-t test were used.


RESULTS
Baseline and post training echocardiographic measurements showed that there was no significant change in LV ejection fraction (%) (p=0.64) and there were an increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, posterior and septal wall thickness, relative wall thickness and LV mass index (p<0.05, for all). LV mechanical parameters such as global strain (S) (19.8±1.33% vs. 20.4±1.26%, p=0.001), apical four -chamber S (19.4±1.96% vs. 20.1±1.86%, p=0.01), apical two- chamber S (19.9±1.75% vs. 20.7±1.75%, p=0.003), apical (23.0±3.1% vs. 23.6±3.2%, p=0.03), and basal circumferential S (21.1±2.2 % vs. 21.6±2.5%, p=0.03), and apical rotation (degree) (7.9±0.95 vs. 8.4±0.74, p=0.001) values were significantly increased by IEET.


CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that IEET has led to exercise related cardiac structural and functional changes such as LV dilatation and LV hypertrophy, accompanied by a significant increase in LV systolic S and LV twist measurements.
Clinical implementation of a digital tomosynthesis-based seed reconstruction algorithm for intraoperative postimplant dose evaluation in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy.

PURPOSE
The low dose rate brachytherapy procedure would benefit from an intraoperative postimplant dosimetry verification technique to identify possible suboptimal dose coverage and suggest a potential reimplantation. The main objective of this project is to develop an efficient, operator-free, intraoperative seed detection technique using the imaging modalities available in a low dose rate brachytherapy treatment room.


METHODS
This intraoperative detection allows a complete dosimetry calculation that can be performed right after an I-125 prostate seed implantation, while the patient is still under anesthesia. To accomplish this, a digital tomosynthesis-based algorithm was developed. This automatic filtered reconstruction of the 3D volume requires seven projections acquired over a total angle of 60 degrees with an isocentric imaging system.


RESULTS
A phantom study was performed to validate the technique that was used in a retrospective clinical study involving 23 patients. In the patient study, the automatic tomosynthesis-based reconstruction yielded seed detection rates of 96.7% and 2.6% false positives. The seed localization error obtained with a phantom study is 0.4 +/- 0.4 mm. The average time needed for reconstruction is below 1 min. The reconstruction algorithm also provides the seed orientation with an uncertainty of 10 degrees +/- 8 degrees. The seed detection algorithm presented here is reliable and was efficiently used in the clinic.


CONCLUSIONS
When combined with an appropriate coregistration technique to identify the organs in the seed coordinate system, this algorithm will offer new possibilities for a next generation of clinical brachytherapy systems.
Active-clamping ZVS flyback converter employing two transformers

This paper presents a two-transformer active- clamping zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) flyback converter, which is mainly composed of two active-clamping flyback converters. [1]-[2] By utilizing two separate transformers[3], the proposed converter allows a low-profile design to be readily implemented while retaining the merits of a conventional single-transformer topology. The presented two-transformer active-clamping ZVS flyback converter can approximately share the total load current between two secondaries. Therefore the transformer copper loss and the rectifier diode conduction loss can be decreased. Detailed analysis and design of this new two-transformer active-clamping ZVS flyback converter are described.
Stable expression, activity, and inducibility of cytochromes P450 in differentiated HepaRG cells.

HepaRG cells possess the unique property to differentiate in vitro and to express various functions of mature hepatocytes, including the major cytochromes P450 (P450s). In the present study, we carefully analyzed mRNA expression and activity of the major P450s and their responsiveness to three prototypical inducers, phenobarbital, rifampicin, and omeprazole, in differentiated HepaRG cell cultures over a 4-week period after low and high seeding. Only minor differences were observed in P450 activities when measured by two cocktails of probe substrates, probably related to the choice and/or concentration of substrates. Similar results were obtained from the two cell seeding conditions. Expression and activities of several P450s were dimethyl sulfoxide-dependent. However, basal P450 expression and activities as well as their responsiveness to the prototypical inducers were well maintained over the 4-week period, and a good correlation was observed between transcript levels and corresponding activities. Thus, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 were found to accurately respond to their respective prototypical inducers, i.e., omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampicin. Likewise, basal expression of several phase II enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors, and response to inducers were also well preserved. More genes were found to be induced in HepaRG cells than in primary human hepatocytes, and no marked variation was noticed between the different passages. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that HepaRG cells represent a promising surrogate to primary human hepatocytes for xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity studies.
Spam Corpus Creation for TREC

TREC’s Spam Filtering Track (Cormack & Lynam, 2005) introduces a standard testing framework that is designed to model a spam filter’s usage as closely as possible, to measure quantities that reflect the filter’s effectiveness for its intended purpose, and to yield repeatable (i.e. controlled and statistically valid) results. The TREC Spam Filter Evaluation Toolkit is free software that, given a corpus and a filter, automatically runs the filter on each message in the corpus, compares the result to the gold standard for the corpus, and reports effectiveness measures with 95% confidence limits. The corpus consists of a chronological sequence of email messages, and a gold standard judgement for each message. We are concerned here with the creation of appropriate corpora for use with the toolkit.
Association of Food Insecurity with Children's Behavioral, Emotional, and Academic Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE
Food Insecurity (FI) occurs in 21% of families with children and adolescents in the United States, but the potential developmental and behavioral implications of this prevalent social determinant of health have not been comprehensively elucidated. This systematic review aims to examine the association between FI and childhood developmental and behavioral outcomes in western industrialized countries.


METHOD
This review provides a critical summary of 23 peer reviewed articles from developed countries on the associations between FI and adverse childhood developmental behavioral outcomes including early cognitive development, academic performance, inattention, externalizing behaviors, and depression in 4 groups-infants and toddlers, preschoolers, school age, and adolescents. Various approaches to measuring food insecurity are delineated. Potential confounding and mediating variables of this association are compared across studies. Alternate explanatory mechanisms of observed effects and need for further research are discussed.


RESULTS
This review demonstrates that household FI, even at marginal levels, is associated with children's behavioral, academic, and emotional problems from infancy to adolescence across western industrialized countries - even after controlling for confounders.


CONCLUSIONS
While the American Academy of Pediatrics already recommends routine screening for food insecurity during health maintenance visits, the evidence summarized here should encourage developmental behavioral health providers to screen for food insecurity in their practices and intervene when possible. Conversely, children whose families are identified as food insecure in primary care settings warrant enhanced developmental behavioral assessment and possible intervention.
Dynamic queries for visual information seeking

Considers how dynamic queries allow users to "fly through" databases by adjusting widgets and viewing the animated results. In studies, users reacted to this approach with an enthusiasm more commonly associated with video games. Adoption requires research into retrieval and display algorithms and user-interface design. The author discusses how experts may benefit from visual interfaces because they will be able to formulate more complex queries and interpret intricate results.<<ETX>>
(−)-Menthol biosynthesis and molecular genetics

(−)-Menthol is the most familiar of the monoterpenes as both a pure natural product and as the principal and characteristic constituent of the essential oil of peppermint (Mentha x piperita). In this paper, we review the biosynthesis and molecular genetics of (−)-menthol production in peppermint. In Mentha species, essential oil biosynthesis and storage is restricted to the peltate glandular trichomes (oil glands) on the aerial surfaces of the plant. A mechanical method for the isolation of metabolically functional oil glands, has provided a system for precursor feeding studies to elucidate pathway steps, as well as a highly enriched source of the relevant biosynthetic enzymes and of their corresponding transcripts with which cDNA libraries have been constructed to permit cloning and characterization of key structural genes. The biosynthesis of (−)-menthol from primary metabolism requires eight enzymatic steps, and involves the formation and subsequent cyclization of the universal monoterpene precursor geranyl diphosphate to the parent olefin (−)-(4S)-limonene as the first committed reaction of the sequence. Following hydroxylation at C3, a series of four redox transformations and an isomerization occur in a general “allylic oxidation–conjugate reduction” scheme that installs three chiral centers on the substituted cyclohexanoid ring to yield (−)-(1R, 3R, 4S)-menthol. The properties of each enzyme and gene of menthol biosynthesis are described, as are their probable evolutionary origins in primary metabolism. The organization of menthol biosynthesis is complex in involving four subcellular compartments, and regulation of the pathway appears to reside largely at the level of gene expression. Genetic engineering to up-regulate a flux-limiting step and down-regulate a side route reaction has led to improvement in the composition and yield of peppermint oil.
1. The Bible, Christianity And Chinese Culture

The 'Western' religion came to China in different guises and was practiced by Chinese believers in a variety of ways. The Handbook has introduced a number of themes and perspectives. However, constraints of space have precluded exhaustive treatment of all the topics. At the same time, it has not been possible to list every relevant item in the bibliographical and 'sources' sections. Many aspects of this bewilderingly rich experience deserve more careful and comprehensive scholarly attention. Much has been accomplished in recent years, but more needs to be done, especially now that mission studies and the study of Christianity in China have achieved a degree of legitimacy in the academic communities in China and abroad. Keywords: China; Christianity
Technology '78

In mid-1977, when the project that culminated in this special issue first really began, skeptics found it difficult to believe that many significant new developments and applications involving electrotechnology could be unearthed. Yet by the time Spectrum editors had pored through the contributions of scores of industry consultants and numerous members of IEEE's Groups and Societies, it was clear that this skepticism was unfounded.
Family History of Migraine Associated With Posttraumatic Migraine Symptoms Following Sport-Related Concussion.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether family history of migraine increased the likelihood of posttraumatic migraine (PTM) symptom presentation in adolescents following concussion, and examine the influence of family history of migraine and PTM on postinjury outcomes.


SETTING
Outpatient concussion clinic.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 153 patients with concussion (103 males and 50 females) aged 15.72 ± 1.48 years (range 12-18 years).


DESIGN
Cross-sectional, observational study of patients presenting for initial evaluation 4.72 ± 3.05 days (range 1-14) postinjury.


MAIN MEASURES
Computerized neurocognitive testing, symptom report, and vestibular/oculomotor screening.


RESULTS
Patients with a family history of migraine were 2.6 times (odds ratio = 2.60, confidence interval = 1.35-5.02, P = .003) more likely to present with PTM compared with patients without a family history. Results of multivariate analyses of covariance, controlling for concussion history, revealed significant main effects for PTM on (1) Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)/Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) (F = 15.43, P <.001) and (2) Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) (F = 8.52, P < .001). There was no main effect for family history of migraine on ImPACT/PCSS (P = .22) and VOMS (P = .83) or interaction between family history of migraine and PTM on ImPACT/PCSS (P = .84) and VOMS (P = .52).


CONCLUSION
Family history of migraine is associated with PTM symptoms following sport-related concussion, suggesting a genetic predisposition for migraine may serve as a catalyst or trigger for onset of PTM. However, only presence of PTM, rather than family history of migraine, was related to worse neurocognitive and vestibular/oculomotor outcomes.
Teaching / Learning Resources and Academic Performance in Mathematics in Secondary Schools in Bondo District of Kenya

The education system in Kenya is evolving steadily even as it is faced with a number of shortcomings which include inadequate teaching/learning resources in secondary schools due to poor planning and corruption. The study looked at the effect of teaching/learning resources on academic performance in secondary school mathematics in Bondo district of Kenya. The research design for this study was descriptive survey design with a total of 405 senior four students as the population of the study. Two hundred and forty two (242) students were randomly selected from nine schools in the three divisions of Bondo districts out of 24 schools. Intact classes were chosen. The schools were stratified into co-educational day, co-educational boarding, boys boarding and girls boarding. One validated research instrument developed for the study was Student Questionnaire on Performance (SPQ) (r = 0.437). Three research questions were answered. The data collected was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. There was a positive correlation among the eight independent variables and the dependent measure – mathematics performance(R= 0.486; F(8,241)=9.014; p<0.05). The eight variables accounted for 23.6% of the total variance in the independent measure (R = 0.236).Government Financial support (B=0.182, t=2.469; p<0.05), trained teachers (B=0.341, t=3.489; p<0.05), classroom/laboratories (B=-0.347, t=-4.173; p<0.05) and textbooks/student-ratio (B=0.413, t=4.186; p<0.05) could be used to predict academic performance in mathematics. The study recommends that review of curriculum, in-servicing of trained teachers, recruiting more competent teachers, motivation of learners, improved government support to education, good teaching methods, improved students-book ratio and better remuneration of teachers are factors that the government and all stakeholders should pay more attention to in order to improve performance in mathematics.
Single-session gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. traditional exposure therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial

BACKGROUND
Traditional one-session exposure therapy (OST) in which a patient is gradually exposed to feared stimuli for up to 3 h in a one-session format has been found effective for the treatment of specific phobias. However, many individuals with specific phobia are reluctant to seek help, and access to care is lacking due to logistic challenges of accessing, collecting, storing, and/or maintaining stimuli. Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy may improve upon existing techniques by facilitating access, decreasing cost, and increasing acceptability and effectiveness. The aim of this study is to compare traditional OST with in vivo spiders and a human therapist with a newly developed single-session gamified VR exposure therapy application with modern VR hardware, virtual spiders, and a virtual therapist.


METHODS/DESIGN
Participants with specific phobia to spiders (N = 100) will be recruited from the general public, screened, and randomized to either VR exposure therapy (n = 50) or traditional OST (n = 50). A behavioral approach test using in vivo spiders will serve as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures will include spider phobia questionnaires and self-reported anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Outcomes will be assessed using a non-inferiority design at baseline and at 1, 12, and 52 weeks after treatment.


DISCUSSION
VR exposure therapy has previously been evaluated as a treatment for specific phobias, but there has been a lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials. A new generation of modern, consumer-ready VR devices is being released that are advancing existing technology and have the potential to improve clinical availability and treatment effectiveness. The VR medium is also particularly suitable for taking advantage of recent phobia treatment research emphasizing engagement and new learning, as opposed to physiological habituation. This study compares a market-ready, gamified VR spider phobia exposure application, delivered using consumer VR hardware, with the current gold standard treatment. Implications are discussed.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02533310. Registered on 25 August 2015.
Fe b 20 07 An extension problem related to the fractional Laplacian

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Hysteresis Modeling for Electrical Steel Sheets Using Improved Vector Jiles-Atherton Hysteresis Model

To describe the vector magnetic hysteresis phenomenon of electrical steel sheets, an improved vector Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model is presented. The proposed model is developed based on Berqvist model. First, the anhysteretic magnetization function is improved by modifying the model parameters according to the excitation direction. By this, the modeling results are accurate under different alternating and nonsaturated rotating excitations. Furthermore, to model the magnetic property under saturated rotating excitations accurately, the proposed model is extended by modifying the model parameters according to the measured data. The proposed model is validated through comparisons between modeling and measured results under different alternating and rotating excitations.
Study of heritable variation and genetics of earliness in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Fifty-five mungbean lines were evaluated for days to maturity and grain yield per plant. This material showed considerable range of variability for the target traits. Eight genetically diverse parents were selected and used for a full diallel set of crosses to study the mode of inheritance for earliness related parameters (days to flowering, days to maturity and length of reproductive phase) during summer 2005. The F1 generation of these crosses was sown during the spring of 2006 and the selfed seeds were used to raise the F2 generation during kharif season. The data recorded from two generations were subjected to genetic analysis. The formal ANOVA showed the significance of both additive and dominance effects for all the traits in both generations. Significance of D, H1 and H2 components also confirmed the contribution of both additive and dominance effects in controlling the inheritance of these traits. The estimates of narrow sense heritability were low to moderate except higher estimates for days to maturity in F2 generation, while the broad sense heritability estimates were relatively higher. Seasonal and environmental effects were also found to be significant. In view of the complex nature of gene action for earliness, it is suggested that breeders should look for transgressive recombinants of earliness and other desirable attributes in later segregating generations to gain higher genetic advance. The variety NM92 was found to be the best source of earliness in mungbean breeding.