LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Fast Tracking via Spatio-Temporal Context Learning

In this paper, we present a simple yet fast and robust algorit hm which exploits the spatio-temporal context for visual tracking. Our approach formulates the spatio-tempo ral relationships between the object of interest and its loc al context based on a Bayesian framework, which models the stat istic l correlation between the low-level features (i.e., image intensity and position) from the target and its surrou nding regions. The tracking problem is posed by computing a confidence map, and obtaining the best target location by ma ximizing an object location likelihood function. The Fast Fourier Transform is adopted for fast learning and dete ction in this work. Implemented in MATLAB without code optimization, the proposed tracker runs at 350 frames p er second on an i7 machine. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs favorabl y gainst state-of-the-art methods in terms of efficiency, accuracy and robustness.
Semiotic inspection method in the context of educational simulation games

Software process simulation is increasingly being used as an approach for analyzing complex business, for supporting management planning, for helping with software process training and learning and for supporting the software process improvement. In addition to providing to users a simulation tool that supports all these aspects, it is also important to consider some other requirements during the tool's design, such as efficient and effective communication of the designer's message to the user. In this way, we show how semiotic concepts can be used in the analysis and generation of knowledge through the application of the Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM), a semiotic engineering evaluation method. In this paper we present a scientific application of SIM to a Software Engineering simulation game focusing the analysis on feedback aspects and issues. The results go beyond the system analyzed and point to considerations regarding simulation games used in educational contexts.
Timing of Intubation and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of critically ill, nonintubated patients with evidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome remain inadequately characterized.


DESIGN
Secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study.


SETTING
Vanderbilt University Medical Center.


PATIENTS
Among adult patients enrolled in a large, multi-ICU prospective cohort study between the years of 2006 and 2011, we studied intubated and nonintubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome as defined by acute hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 300 or SpO2/FIO2 ≤ 315) and bilateral radiographic opacities not explained by cardiac failure. We excluded patients not committed to full respiratory support.


INTERVENTIONS
None.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Of 457 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 106 (23%) were not intubated at the time of meeting all other acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria. Nonintubated patients had lower morbidity and severity of illness than intubated patients; however, mortality at 60 days was the same (36%) in both groups (p = 0.91). Of the 106 nonintubated patients, 36 (34%) required intubation within the subsequent 3 days of follow-up; this late-intubation subgroup had significantly higher 60-day mortality (56%) when compared with the both early intubation group (36%, P<0.03) and patients never requiring intubation (26%; p = 0.002). Increased mortality in the late intubation group persisted at 2-year follow-up. Adjustment for baseline clinical and demographic differences did not change the results.


CONCLUSIONS
A substantial proportion of critically ill adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome were not intubated in their initial days of intensive care, and many were never intubated. Late intubation was associated with increased mortality. Criteria defining the acute respiratory distress syndrome prior to need for positive pressure ventilation are required so that these patients can be enrolled in clinical studies and to facilitate early recognition and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Development and Validation of a Pain Behavior Assessment in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose High levels of pain behavior adversely affect the success of multidisciplinary rehabilitation of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Functional capacity evaluation (FCE) assessment should detect high levels of pain behavior to prevent the inclusion of unsuitable patients to functional rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study was to develop a Pain Behavior Assessment (PBA) and to evaluate its construct validity. Methods The PBA was developed by experts in the field and is literature-based. Inclusion criteria for participants of the validation study were: CNSLBP, age 20–60 years, referral for fitness-for-work evaluation. The PBA was applied by physiotherapists during FCE. Rasch analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity of the PBA. Internal consistency was indicated by the person separation index (PSI), which corresponds to Cronbach’s alpha. Results 145 male (72.5 %) and 55 female patients were included. Rasch analysis removed 11 items due to misfit and redundancy, resulting in a final PBA of 41 items. Item mean fit residual was −0.33 (SD 1.06) and total item Chi square 100.39 (df = 82, p = 0.08). The PSI value was 0.83. DIF analysis for age and gender revealed no bias. Conclusions The PBA is a valid assessment tool to describe pain behavior in CNSLBP patients. The high PSI-value justifies the use of the PBA in individuals. The PBA may help to screen patients for high levels of pain behavior.
Interleaved LLC series converter with output voltage doubler

A parallel LLC series resonant converter with output voltage doubler is presented in this paper. The interleaved pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique is adopted to reduce the ripple current on input and output capacitors. The capacitance of input and output capacitors can be reduced. The high current stress drawback of conventional LLC resonant converter is overcome by the proposed converter. Thus the adopted converter can be applied for high output current applications. Based on the series resonant behavior, all power switches are turned on at zero voltage switching (ZVS) and the rectifier diodes can be turned off at zero current switching (ZCS). Thus the switching losses on power semiconductors are reduced. In the output side, the voltage doubler topology is adopted for high output voltage applications. Compared with the conventional LLC converter, the advantages of the proposed circuit are low ripple currents on input and output terminals, small size and light weight of transformer, and low conduction losses on power semiconductors. In this paper, the principle of operation, steady state analysis and design consideration of the proposed converter are provided and discussed. In order to validate the proposed converter, the laboratory experiments with 24V/40A output for server power supply were provided.
The future of engineering education

Thirteen engineering educators and researchers were each asked to choose a particular aspect of engineering's future to address. Each of the authors has contributed a short piece that has been edited into a discussion of the future as we collectively see it. Topics include the stimulating change, the changing university, teaching, learning, research, outcome assessment and technology as well as a look back at predictions for 2000.
The moderating effect of the business strategic orientation on eCommerce adoption: Evidence from UK family run SMEs

This study investigates eCommerce adoption in family run SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). Specifically, the objectives of the study are twofold: (a) to examine environmental and organisational determinants of eCommerce adoption in the family business context; (b) to explore the moderating effect of business strategic orientation on the relationships between adoption determinants and adoption decision. A quantitative questionnaire survey was executed. The sampling frame was outlined based on the OneSource database and 88 companies were involved. Results of logistic regression analyses proffer support that ‘external pressure’ and ‘perceived benefits’ are predictors of eCommerce adoption. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategic orientation of family businesses will function as a moderator in the adoption process. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modeling of 4-element planar inverted F-antenna array for 5G applications

A MIMO antenna array design comprising of four PIFA components has been presented. The arrangement of the four components has been selected after trying various permutations to achieve an optimum isolation and gain among the elements in the array, compared to the existing ones. The main objective of the paper is to minimize the isolation among the antenna array elements without compromising the overall gain.
The Social Health Intervention Project (SHIP): Protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention for problem drinking and intimate partner violence in an urban emergency department

BACKGROUND
There is a strong reciprocal association between two highly prevalent public health problems: intimate partner violence and heavy drinking, both of which remain major sources of morbidity and mortality. Brief interventions in the Emergency Department setting have been found to be effective in reducing alcohol-related injury but neither classic intimate partner violence nor substance abuse interventions have adequately integrated assessment and treatment for these co-occurring conditions. The overall goal of this study is to determine whether a motivational intervention delivered at the time of an Emergency Department visit will reduce heavy drinking and improve the safety of women experiencing intimate partner violence.


METHODS AND DESIGN
We are completing data collection for a randomized controlled trial enrolling 600 female patients, age 18-64, presenting to one of two urban Emergency Departments, who self-disclose both problem drinking and intimate partner violence. Eligible patients are randomized to a brief manual-guided motivational intervention, and a phone booster at 10 days. The intervention, which is delivered by masters-level therapists during the Emergency Department visit, is recorded and monitored for fidelity. Primary outcomes are episodes of heavy drinking and incidents of intimate partner violence, assessed weekly by Interactive Voice Response System for 12 weeks and at 3, 6 and 12 months by interviewers blinded to group assignment. To identify the impact of assessment alone, we included a no-contact control group assessed only once at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include violence severity, changes in the Composite Abuse Scale and alcohol quantity/frequency, along with other health-related behaviors. The analysis will also explore the impact of likely mediators and moderators of the intervention.


DISCUSSION
While screening and intervention for intimate partner violence is now recommended for women of child bearing age in health care settings, there is a need for rigorous evaluations of what works for whom. Upon completion, we will have high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of a low-intensity, brief motivational intervention, delivered by social workers in the Emergency Department setting, for decreasing episodes of heavy drinking and intimate partner violence. Ultimately, this is a model could be generalizable to other acute health care settings.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov


REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT01207258.
Variations in stroke incidence and survival in 3 areas of Europe. European Registries of Stroke (EROS) Collaboration.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Comparison of incidence and case-fatality rates for stroke in different countries may increase our understanding of the etiology of the disease, its natural history, and management. Within the context of an aging population and the trend for governments to set targets to reduce stroke risk and death from stroke, prospective comparison of such data across countries may identify what drives the variation in risk and outcome.


METHODS
Population-based stroke registers, using multiple sources of notification, ascertained cases of first in a lifetime stroke between 1995 and 1997 for all age groups. The study populations were in Erlangen, Germany; Dijon, France; and London, UK. Crude incidence rates were age-standardized to the European population for comparative purposes. Case-fatality rates up to 1 year after the stroke were obtained, and logistic regression adjusting for age group, sex, and pathological subtype of stroke was used to compare survival in the 3 communities.


RESULTS
A total of 2074 strokes were registered over the 3 years. The age-standardized rate to the European population was 100.4 (95% CI 91.7 to 109.1) per 100 000 in Dijon, 123.9 (95% CI 115.6 to 132.2) in London, and 136.4 (95% CI 124.9 to 147.9) in Erlangen. Both crude and adjusted rates were lowest in Dijon, France. The incidence rate ratio, with Dijon as the baseline comparison (1), was 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.34) in London and 1.37 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.54) in Erlangen (P:<0.0001). There were significant differences in the proportion of the subtypes of stroke between populations, with London having lower rates of cerebral infarction and higher rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage and unclassified stroke (P:<0.001). Case-fatality rates varied significantly between centers at 1 year, after adjustment for age, sex, and subtype of stroke (35% overall, 34% Erlangen, 41% London, and 27% Dijon; P:<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The impact of stroke is considerable, and the risk of stroke varies significantly between populations in Europe as does the risk of death. The striking differences in survival require clarification but lend weight to the evidence that stroke management may differ between northern and central Europe and influence outcome.
Searching for Efficient Multi-Scale Architectures for Dense Image Prediction

• DPC is a DAG graph with B branches. • Branch bi is represented by a 3-tuple, (Xi, OPi, Yi), where Xi ∈ Xi is the input tensor, OPi ∈ OP is the operation on input Xi, and Yi is the output tensor. • The final output, Y = concat(Y1, Y2, . . . , YB) • Xi = {F , Y1, . . . , Yi−1} (i.e., last network backbone feature maps, F , plus all outputs obtained by previous branches). • X1 = {F}, i.e., the first branch can only take F as input.
Comparison of resetting and entrainment of uniform sustained ventricular tachycardia. Further insights into the characteristics of the excitable gap.

BACKGROUND
Resetting and entrainment have both been used to characterize the electrophysiological properties of the reentrant circuit in ventricular tachycardia. Several entrainment studies have suggested that the circuit has decremental properties, because the return cycle increases at faster pacing rates. Resetting, however, demonstrates a fully excitable gap in the majority of tachycardias.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The response to resetting and overdrive pacing was analyzed in 18 ventricular tachycardias. Resetting demonstrated some duration of a fully excitable gap in 14 of 18 tachycardias. Overdrive pacing was performed at several cycle lengths with an incremental number of stimuli (1-15 beats) such that the first beat that interacted with the tachycardia (the nth beat) could be identified. The return cycles measured during resetting and the nth beat of pacing were identical (r = 0.99). At relatively long paced cycle lengths, paced beats after the nth beat resulted in a constant return cycle in most tachycardias with a fully excitable gap. At rapid paced cycle lengths, an increase in the return cycle from the nth to the nth + 1 beat was associated with progressive prolongation in the return cycle with each incremental paced beat until a longer equilibrium return cycle was reached or the tachycardia terminated in response to pacing.


CONCLUSIONS
We propose that the responses to resetting and overdrive pacing with or without entrainment appear to provide conflicting information about the characteristics of the circuit because they in fact measure entirely different electrophysiological parameters. The nth beat of pacing foreshortens the excitable gap to the extent that it arrives prematurely. Subsequent paced beats interact with an altered tachycardia circuit that has had less time to recover excitability. Resetting is the interaction of a single paced beat with the tachycardia and, as such, provides a more accurate assessment of the characteristics of the unaltered tachycardia circuit.
Short-term cardiorespiratory effects of proportional assist and pressure-support ventilation in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.

BACKGROUND
Recent data indicate that assisted modes of mechanical ventilation improve pulmonary gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) is a new mode of support that amplifies the ventilatory output of the patient effort and improves patient-ventilator synchrony. It is not known whether this mode may be used in patients with ALI/ARDS. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PAV and pressure-support ventilation on breathing pattern, hemodynamics, and gas exchange in a homogenous group of patients with ALI/ARDS due to sepsis.


METHODS
Twelve mechanically ventilated patients with ALI/ARDS (mean ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional concentration of oxygen 190 +/- 49 mmHg) were prospectively studied. Patients received pressure-support ventilation and PAV in random order for 30 min while maintaining mean airway pressure constant. With both modes, the level of applied positive end-expiratory pressure (7.1 +/- 2.1 cm H2O) was kept unchanged throughout. At the end of each study period, cardiorespiratory data were obtained, and dead space to tidal volume ratio was measured.


RESULTS
With both modes, none of the patients exhibited clinical signs of distress. With PAV, breathing frequency and cardiac index were slightly but significantly higher than the corresponding values with pressure-support ventilation (24.5 +/- 6.9 vs. 21.4 +/- 6.9 breaths/min and 4.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.3 l . min . m, respectively). None of the other parameters differ significantly between modes.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with ALI/ARDS due to sepsis, PAV and pressure-support ventilation both have clinically comparable short-term effects on gas exchange and hemodynamics.
Respect and Prospect of the Wetland Research in China

Wetland research is the frontier which were paid more attention by many scientists over the world. This paper thinks the history of wetland research would be divided into 4 phase-sprouting, forming, developing and florrishing. Furthermore having brought forward the priorities of the wetland studies in China in the near future according to the demands of country and the scientific circumstance.
Active Surveillance Beyond 5 Years Is Required for Presumed Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Undergoing Non-Operative Management

Objectives:To evaluate the results of active surveillance beyond 5 years in patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) without worrisome features (WF) and high-risk stigmata (HRS) undergoing non-operative management.Methods:Patients with a minimum follow-up of 5 years who underwent surveillance with at least yearly magnetic resonance imaging were included. New onset of and predictors of WF/HRS during follow-up as well as long-term survival were analyzed.Results:In all, 144 patients were followed for a median of 84 months. At diagnosis multifocal BD-IPMNs were found in 53% of cases and mean size of the largest cyst was 15.5 mm. Changes during follow-up were observed in 69 patients (48%). New onset of WF/HRS were observed in 26 patients (18%) but the rate of HRS was only 4%. WF and HRS developed after a median follow-up of 71 and 77.5 months from diagnosis, respectively, and without previous changes in 19/26 patients. Independent predictors of WF/HRS development were size at diagnosis>15 mm, increase in number of lesions, main pancreatic duct growth rate ≥0.2 mm/year, cyst growth rate >1 mm/year. Overall, the rate of pancreatic invasive malignancy was 2% and the 12-year disease-specific survival was 98.6%.Conclusions:Long-term nonoperative management is safe for BD-IPMNs without WF and HRS. Discontinuation of surveillance cannot be recommended since one out of six patients developed WF/HRS far beyond 5 years of surveillance and without previous relevant modifications. An intensification of follow-up should be considered after 5 years.
Impact of a stepwise protocol for treating pain on pain intensity in nursing home patients with dementia: A cluster randomized trial

BACKGROUND
Pain is frequent and distressing in people with dementia, but no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effect of analgesic treatment on pain intensity as a key outcome.


METHODS
Three hundred fifty-two people with dementia and significant agitation from 60 nursing home units were included in this study. These units, representing 18 nursing homes in western Norway, were randomized to a stepwise protocol of treating pain (SPTP) or usual care. The SPTP group received acetaminophen, morphine, buprenorphine transdermal patch and pregabalin for 8 weeks, with a 4-week washout period. Medications were governed by the SPTP and each participant's existing prescriptions. We obtained pain intensity scores from 327 patients (intervention n = 164, control n = 163) at five time points assessed by the primary outcome measure, Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia-2 (MOBID-2) Pain Scale. The secondary outcome was activities of daily living (ADL). We used a linear intercept mixed model in a two-way repeated measures configuration to assess change over time and between groups.


RESULTS
The SPTP conferred significant benefit in MOBID-2 scores compared with the control group [average treatment effect (ATE) -1.388; p < 0.001] at week 8, and MOBID-2 scores worsened during the washout period (ATE = -0.701; p = 0.022). Examining different analgesic treatments, benefit was conferred to patients receiving acetaminophen compared with the controls at week 2 (ATE = -0.663; p = 0.010), continuing to increase until week 8 (ATE = -1.297; p < 0.001). Although there were no overall improvements in ADL, an increase was seen in the group receiving acetaminophen (ATE = +1.0; p = 0.022).


CONCLUSION
Pain medication significantly improved pain in the intervention group, with indications that acetaminophen also improved ADL function.
Joint regression analysis for discrete longitudinal data.

We introduce an approximation to the Gaussian copula likelihood of Song, Li, and Yuan (2009, Biometrics 65, 60-68) used to estimate regression parameters from correlated discrete or mixed bivariate or trivariate outcomes. Our approximation allows estimation of parameters from response vectors of length much larger than three, and is asymptotically equivalent to the Gaussian copula likelihood. We estimate regression parameters from the toenail infection data of De Backer et al. (1996, British Journal of Dermatology 134, 16-17), which consist of binary response vectors of length seven or less from 294 subjects. Although maximizing the Gaussian copula likelihood yields estimators that are asymptotically more efficient than generalized estimating equation (GEE) estimators, our simulation study illustrates that for finite samples, GEE estimators can actually be as much as 20% more efficient.