LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
ON THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF COLUMNS AGAINST BUCKLING

We establish existence, derive necessary conditions, and construct and test an algorithm for the maximization of a column’s Euler buckling load under a variety of boundary conditions over a general class of admissible designs. We prove that symmetric clamped–clamped columns possess a positive first eigenfunction and introduce a symmetric rearrangement that does not decrease the column’s buckling load. Our necessary conditions, expressed in the language of Clarke’s generalized gradient [10], subsume those proposed by Olhoff and Rasmussen [25], Masur [22], and Seiranian [34]. The work of [25], [22], and [34] sought to correct the necessary conditions of Tadjbakhsh and Keller [37] who had not foreseen the presence of a multiple least eigenvalue. This remedy has been hampered by Tadjbakhsh and Keller’s miscalculation of the buckling loads of their clamped-clamped and clamped–hinged columns. We resolve this issue in the appendix. In our numerical treatment of the associated finite dimensional optimization problem we build on the work of Overton [26] in devising an efficient means of extracting an ascent direction from the column’s least eigenvalue. Owing to its possible multiplicity this is indeed a nonsmooth problem and again the ideas of Clarke [10] are exploited.
Understanding Visual Rhetoric in Digital Writing Environments.

This essay illustrates key features of visual rhetoric as they operate in two professional academic hypertexts and student work designed for the World Wide Web. By looking at features like audience stance, transparency, and hybridity, writing teachers can teach visual rhetoric as a transformative process of design. Critiquing and producing writing in digital environments offers a welcome return to rhetorical principles and an important pedagogy of writing as design.
The effects of different resistance training protocols on muscular strength and endurance development in children.

BACKGROUND
Previous research has shown that children can increase their muscular strength and muscular endurance as a result of regular participation in a progressive resistance training program. However, the most effective exercise prescription regarding the number of repetitions remains questionable.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of a low repetition-heavy load resistance training program and a high repetition-moderate load resistance training program on the development of muscular strength and muscular endurance in children. Design. Prospective, controlled trial.


SETTING
Community-based youth fitness center.


SUBJECTS
Eleven girls and 32 boys between the ages of 5.2 and 11.8 years.


INTERVENTION
In twice-weekly sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks, children performed 1 set of 6 to 8 repetitions with a heavy load (n = 15) or 1 set of 13 to 15 repetitions with a moderate load (n = 16) on child-size exercise machines. Children in the control group (n = 12) did not resistance train. One repetition maximum (RM) strength and muscular endurance (repetitions performed posttraining with the pretraining 1-RM load) were determined on the leg extension and chest press exercises.


RESULTS
One RM leg extension strength significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects. Increases of 31.0% and 40.9%, respectively, for the low repetition-heavy load and high repetition-moderate load groups were observed. Leg extension muscular endurance significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects, although gains resulting from high repetition-moderate load training (13.1 +/- 6.2 repetitions) were significantly greater than those resulting from low repetition-heavy load training (8.7 +/- 2.9 repetitions). On the chest press exercise, only the high repetition-moderate load exercise group made gains in 1-RM strength (16.3%) and muscular endurance (5.2 +/- 3.6 repetitions) that were significantly greater than gains in the control subjects.


CONCLUSION
These findings support the concept that muscular strength and muscular endurance can be improved during the childhood years and favor the prescription of higher repetition-moderate load resistance training programs during the initial adaptation period.
Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual , and Transgender Families

s International, 61(5-B), 2794. Butler, J. (2004). Undoing gender. New York:
Doxycycline versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic guidelines for treatment of late manifestations of Lyme borreliosis have not yet become well established. Patients with symptoms suggesting central nervous system involvement are often treated with courses of intravenous ceftriaxone. This is an expensive treatment approach with potentially severe side effects. We compared the efficacy, side effects and costs of doxycycline and ceftriaxone in the treatment of such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients qualified for the study if they had nonspecific symptoms suggesting central nervous system involvement for more than six months (but without overt clinical signs of the involvement), had positive serum borrelial antibody titers and/or erythema migrans prior to the onset of symptoms, had not been previously treated with antibiotics and did not have pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients were given either 100 mg of oral doxycycline twice daily for 4 weeks (23 patients) or 2 g of intravenous ceftriaxone daily for 2 weeks followed by 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily for another 2 weeks (23 patients). Clinical outcome was assessed during a 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Improvement in the frequency and/or the intensity of symptoms was reported by more than two-thirds of the 46 patients enroled in the study. The two treatment regimens were found to be correspondingly effective. Photosensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal symptoms were noted more often among patients receiving doxycycline than in those receiving ceftriaxone. Treatment with doxycycline proved to be much cheaper than with ceftriaxone. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with previously untreated chronic Lyme borreliosis with symptoms suggesting central nervous system involvement but without overt clinical signs of it, and without pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid, treatment with doxycycline is as effective as with ceftriaxone. Treatment with doxycycline is cheap and relatively safe, but gastrointestinal symptoms and photosensitivity reactions can be expected more often than with ceftriaxone.
Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters

This paper deals with the design of the output impedance of UPS inverters with parallel-connection capability. The inner control loops are considered in the design of the controllers that makes possible the power sharing among the UPS modules. In these paralleled units, the power-sharing outer control loops are based on the P/Q droop method in order to avoid any communication among the modules. The power sharing accuracy is highly sensitive to the output impedance of the inverters, making necessary the tight adjustment of this impedance. Novel control loops are proposed to achieve stable output impedance value, and, therefore, proper power balance is guarantee when sharing both linear and nonlinear loads.
Manufacturing Systems Engineering - a review

An academic subject, "Manufacturing Systems Engineering", proposed in 1975, is historically reviewed by defining manufacturing/production systems, and manufacturing systems. The social role and future perspective of manufacturing systems (engineering) are also discussed, stressing "socially appropriate manufacturing" as manufacturing excellence for the 21st century.
Inter-Rater Agreement in the Clinical Diagnosis of Essential Tremor: Data from the NEDICES-2 Pilot Study

BACKGROUND
Our aim was to assess the diagnostic agreement among the neurologists in the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain 2 (NEDICES-2) study; these neurologists were assigning diagnoses of essential tremor (ET) vs. no ET.


METHODS
Clinical histories and standardized video-taped neurological examinations of 26 individuals (11 ET, seven Parkinson's disease, three diagnostically unclear, four normal, one with a tremor disorder other than ET) were provided to seven consultant neurologists, six neurology residents, and five neurology research fellows (18 neurologists total). For each of the 26 individuals, neurologists were asked to assign a diagnosis of "ET" or "no ET" using diagnostic criteria proposed by the Movement Disorders Society (MDS). Inter-rater agreement was assessed both with percent concordance and non-weighted κ statistics.


RESULTS
Overall κ was 0.61 (substantial agreement), with no differences between consultant neurologists (κ = 0.60), neurology residents (κ = 0.61), and neurology research fellows (κ = 0.66) in subgroup analyses. Subanalyses of agreement only among those 15 subjects with a previous diagnosis of ET (11 patients) and those with a previous diagnosis of being normal (four individuals) showed an overall κ of 0.51 (moderate agreement).


DISCUSSION
In a population-based epidemiological study, substantial agreement was demonstrated for the diagnosis of ET among neurologists of different levels of expertise. However, agreement was lower than that previously reported using the Washington Heights-Inwood Genetic Study of Essential Tremor criteria, and a head-to-head comparison is needed to assess which is the tool of choice in epidemiological research in ET.
Games as Neurofeedback Training for Kids with FASD

Biofeedback games help people maintain specific mental or physical states and are useful to help children with cognitive impairments learn to self-regulate their brain function. However, biofeedback games are expensive and difficult to create and are not sufficiently appealing to hold a child’s interest over the long term needed for effective biofeedback training. We present a system that turns off-the-shelf computer games into biofeedback games. Our approach uses texture-based graphical overlays that vary in their obfuscation of underlying screen elements based on the sensed physiological state of the child. The textures can be visually customized so that they appear to be integrated with the underlying game. Through a 12-week deployment, with 16 children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, we show that our solution can hold a child’s interest over a long term, and balances the competing needs of maintaining the fun of playing, while providing effective biofeedback training.
Abdominal Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Adolescent: Imperforate Hymen, Resulting in Hematocolpos—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background. Abdominal masses in female adolescents are uncommon. A rare cause of this condition is hematocolpos due to imperforate hymen. Case. We present a case of an unusually massive asymptomatic abdominal bulk in a 14-year-old female patient, who sought for medical advice after unusual abdominal pain lasting for few weeks. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic, apart from an unusual dramatic expansion of her abdominal wall during the last month. We describe the surgical management and the follow-up of the patient. Summary and Conclusion. Clinicians should keep in mind that an imperforate hymen can cause abdominal growth due to hematocolpos and include it in the differential diagnosis of such a clinical entity in female adolescents. 2D ultrasound is usually efficient for the confirmation of the diagnosis of hematocolpos, but 3D ultrasound is more accurate. Wide excision should be undertaken, as an initial approach, to avoid recurrence.
Shoot organogenesis and mass propagation of Coleus forskohlii from leaf derived callus

A high frequency shoot organogenesis and plant establishment protocol has been developed for Coleus forskohlii from leaf derived callus. Optimal callus was developed from mature leaves on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.4 μM kinetin alone. Shoots were regenerated from the callus on MS medium supplemented with 4.6 μM kinetin and 0.54 μM 1-naphthalene acetic acid. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved at the sixth subculture and more than 150 shoots were produced per callus clump. Regenerated shootlets were rooted spontaneously on half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators. The in vitro raised plants were established successfully in soil. The amount of forskolin in in vitroraised plants and wild plants was estimated and found that they produce comparable quantity of forskolin. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation as well as mass propagation of this plant.
Co-production of lactic acid and chitin using a pelletized filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae cultured on cull potatoes and glucose.

AIMS
This paper developed a novel process for lactic acid and chitin co-production of the pelletized Rhzious oryzae NRRL 395 fermentation using underutilized cull potatoes and glucose as nutrient source.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Whole potato hydrolysate medium was first used to produce the highest pelletized biomass yield accompanying the highest chitin content in biomass. An enhanced lactic acid production then followed up using batch, repeated batch and fed batch culture with glucose as carbon source and mixture of ammonia and sodium hydroxide as neutralizer. The lactic acid productivity peaked at 2.8 and 3 g l(-1 )h(-1) in repeated batch culture and batch culture, respectively. The fed batch culture had the highest lactate concentration of 140 g l(-1).


CONCLUSIONS
Separation of the biomass cultivation and the lactic acid production is able to not only improve lactic acid production, but also enhance the chitin content. Cull potato hydrolysate used as a nutrient source for biomass cultivation can significantly increase both biomass yield and chitin content.


SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The three-step process using pelletized R. oryzae fermentation innovatively integrates utilization of agricultural residues into the process of co-producing lactic acid and chitin, so as to improve the efficiency, revenues and cost of fungal lactic acid production.
Sleep-wake disturbances and quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To examine the scope and severity of subjective sleep-wake disturbances in patients with lung cancer and compare them to a group of healthy adults who were similar in age, gender, and race, and to examine the impact of sleep-wake disturbances on measures of health-related quality of life (QOL).


DESIGN
Descriptive, comparative.


SETTING
University-based and private urban ambulatory care clinics.


SAMPLE
43 patients with advanced non-small cell or small cell lung cancer and 36 healthy adults. All participants were cognitively intact, and none had any known neurologic disorder, polysomnographically diagnosed sleep disorder, mood or anxiety disorders, or cerebral metastasis.


METHODS
Questionnaires, interview, and medical record review.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Nocturnal sleep (quality, quantity, and disturbance), daytime sleepiness, and health-related QOL (physical, mental).


FINDINGS
Patients with lung cancer had poor perceived nocturnal sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness that differed significantly from the comparison group. Sleep disturbances in the group with lung cancer were characterized by breathing difficulty, cough, nocturia, and frequent awakenings. Sleep-wake disturbances were significantly associated with poorer health-related QOL after controlling for group. Excessive daytime sleepiness was associated most often with decreases in mental health, whereas poor nocturnal sleep was associated most often with decreases in physical health.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that sleep-wake disturbances are common in patients with lung cancer and that the disturbances are significantly associated with health-related QOL. Patients with lung cancer may be at risk for sleep-disordered breathing.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
The magnitude of nocturnal sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness identified in this study reinforces the importance of ongoing screening and effective intervention for sleep-wake disturbances in patients with lung cancer.
A System for Axiomatic Programming

We present the design and implementation of a system for axiomatic programming, and its application to mathematical software construction. Key novelties include a direct support for user-defined axioms establishing local equalities between types, and overload resolution based on equational theories and user-defined local axioms. We illustrate uses of axioms, and their organization into concepts, in structured generic programming as practiced in computational mathematical systems.
Feasibility of closed-loop co-administration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the bispectral index in obese patients: a prospective cohort comparison.

BACKGROUND
We used an automated bispectral index (BIS)-guided dual-loop controller to determine propofol and remifentanil requirements during general anaesthesia in obese and lean surgical patients.


METHODS
Obese patients, BMI>35 kg m(-2), and lean patients (<25 kg m(-2)) having laparoscopic procedures were prospectively evaluated in this multicentre single-blind study. The automated controller targeted BIS between 40 and 60 by adjusting propofol and remifentanil administration. Propofol and remifentanil consumptions were calculated using both total body weight (TBW) and ideal body weight (IBW). Results are expressed as medians (inter-quartile range).


RESULTS
Thirty obese [BMI=43 (40-49) kg m(-2)] and 29 lean [BMI=23 (21-25) kg m(-2)] patients completed the study. BIS was between 40 and 60 during 84 (69-91)% vs 85 (78-92)% of the anaesthetic time, P=0.46. The amount of propofol given during induction [1.2 (1.1-1.6) vs 1.3 (1.0-1.7) mg kg(-1), P=0.47] and maintenance [5.2 (4.1-6) vs 5.3 (4.7-6.4) mg kg(-1) h(-1), P=0.39] calculated using TBW was similar between the two groups. The dual-loop controller delivered half as much remifentanil to the obese patients during induction [1.0 (0.8-1.6) vs 2.2 (1.5-2.7) µg kg(-1), P<0.001] and maintenance [0.12 (0.07-0.16) vs 0.25 (0.17-0.29) µg kg(-1) min(-1), P<0.001] calculated using TBW. But when remifentanil consumption was calculated using IBW, the amounts were similar during induction at 2.2 (1.6-3.5) vs 2.0 (1.6-3.0) µg kg(-1) IBW, P=0.48, and during maintenance at 0.26 (0.16-0.34) vs 0.27 (0.18-0.33 ) µg kg(-1) min(-1), P=0.50.


CONCLUSIONS
The amount of propofol-remifentanil administered by the controller is consistent with current knowledge, propofol is best dosed using TBW whereas remifentanil is best dosed using IBW.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT00779844.
Rough sets and Boolean reasoning

In this article, we discuss methods based on the combination of rough sets and Boolean reasoning with applications in pattern recognition, machine learning, data mining and conflict analysis. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Suboptimal PON network designing algorithm for minimizing deployment cost of optical fiber cables

In order to meet the bandwidth requirements for the access network, many network operators nowadays have been rapidly expanding their fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) service area. In such an area, a passive double star (PDS) network, which shares one optical fiber with multiple subscribers by using a power splitter, is commonly deployed as an infrastructure for the passive optical network (PON) systems. One of the main focuses for PON network planning is to determine the locations of the optical splitters and optical fiber cable routes that connect every splitter to the central offices (COs) based on the forecasted demands, within a limited deployment cost under realistic restrictions. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel suboptimal design algorithm of PON optical distribution network (ODN). Based on the forecasted demand, it can automatically generate a suboptimal PON network in terms of the total cable deployment construction length under realistic restrictions.
The challenge of addressing Grand Challenges: a think piece on how innovation can be driven towards the "Grand Challenges" as defined under the prospective European Union Framework Programme Horizon 2020

The orientation towards Grand Challenges creates a challenge for science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies and practices as we know them, because they are of a different kind than usual STI policy concerns. Grand Challenges are sometimes seen as priorities for R&D and innovation stimulation, and treated that way, say, through dedicated public funding. But they should rather be seen as open-ended missions, and missions concerning the socioeconomic system as a whole, even inducing (or requiring) system transformation. Thus, Grand Challenges are ambitious, but not in the way the Manhattan Project (to develop an atom bomb) and the Apollo Project (to put a man on the moon) were. There, the challenge was technical (and organisational), and whether the goals were achieved or not was unambiguous. Grand Challenges, though, pertain to heterogeneous elements and forces, which have to be mobilised, guided and integrated, and include social innovation. Many different actors need to be involved, and the perspectives on what is the problem and what constitutes its resolution differ across various societal groups. Also, we see both “drivers of novelty and innovation as well as processes of capture and co-optation ... involved” (Kallerud et al. 2013, 4), so Grand Challenges policies have to cope with contestation, non-linearity and bifurcations in developments. This is not a message of despair, but it does imply that our present understandings and practices of STI policy are not sufficient to address Grand Challenges and set priorities accordingly.
Quality of life and related variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To evaluate quality of life (QoL) and related variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine. Nine-hundred and sixty-two patients with AS from the Turkish League Against Rheumatism AS Registry, who fulfilled the modified New York criteria, were enrolled. The patients were evaluated using the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society core outcome domains including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), fatigue (BASDAI-question 1), pain (last week/spine/due to AS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) and two QoL questionnaires (the disease-specific ASQoL and generic the Short Form-36 [SF-36]). The mean ASQoL score was 7.1 ± 5.7. SF-36 subscales of general health, physical role and bodily pain had the poorest scores. ASQoL was strongly correlated with disease duration, BASDAI, fatigue, BASFI, BASMI, BASRI, MASES, pain and SF-36 subscales (P < 0.001). SF-36 subscales were also strongly correlated with BASDAI and BASFI. Advanced educational status and regular exercise habits positively affected QoL, while smoking negatively affected QoL. In patients with AS, the most significant variables associated with QoL were BASDAI, BASFI, fatigue and pain. ASQoL was noted to be a short, rapid and simple patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument and strongly correlated with SF-36 subscales.