LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Periorbital melanosis is an extension of pigmentary demarcation line-F on face.

BACKGROUND
To date, periorbital melanosis is an ill-defined entity. The condition has been stated to be darkening of the skin around the eyes, dark circles, infraorbital darkening and so on.


AIMS
This study was aimed at exploring the nature of pigmentation in periorbital melanosis.


METHODS
One hundred consecutive patients of periorbital melanosis were examined and investigated to define periorbital melanosis. Extent of periorbital melanosis was determined by clinical examination. Wood's lamp examination was performed in all the patients to determine the depth of pigmentation. A 2-mm punch biopsy was carried out in 17 of 100 patients.


RESULTS
In 92 (92%) patients periorbital melanosis was an extension of pigmentary demarcation line over the face (PDL-F).


CONCLUSION
Periorbital melanosis and pigmentary demarcation line of the face are not two different conditions; rather they are two different manifestations of the same disease.
Net alkalinity and net acidity 1: Theoretical considerations

Net acidity and net alkalinity are widely used, poorly defined, and commonly misunderstood parameters for the characterization of mine drainage. The authors explain theoretical expressions of 3 types of alkalinity (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidity (mineral, CO2, and total). Except for rarely-invoked negative alkalinity, theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined ‘‘CO2-acidity’’ is closely related to most standard titration methods with an endpoint pH of 8.3 used for determining acidity in mine drainage, but it is unfortunately named because CO2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/mass-action approach and employing graphs to illustrate speciation with changes in pH, the authors explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to aqueous species commonly present in mine drainage. Acidity is defined in mine drainage based on aqueous speciation at the sample pH and on the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. Application of this definition shows that the computed acidity in mg L 1 as CaCO3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved Fe, Fe, Mn, and Al in mg L ): Þ =56þ 2ðMnÞ=55þ 3ðAlÞ=27g
The negative impact of incomplete angiographic revascularization on clinical outcomes and its association with total occlusions: the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial.

OBJECTIVES
The study sought to evaluate the clinical impact of angiographic complete (CR) and incomplete (ICR) revascularization and its association with the presence of total occlusions (TO), after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the "all-comers" SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial.


BACKGROUND
In patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing PCI or CABG, the long-term prognostic implications of CR versus ICR is unsettled.


METHODS
In this post hoc study, consisting of randomized (n = 1,800) and nested PCI (n = 198) and CABG (n = 649) registries, 4-year clinical outcomes were compared in groups, with and without angiographic CR, in the PCI and CABG arms. Clinical outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank comparisons, and Cox regression analyses. Multivariate predictors of ICR were determined. Similar analyses were undertaken in the TO and non-TO treated groups of both study arms.


RESULTS
Angiographic CR was achieved in 52.8% of the PCI arm and 66.9% of the CABG arm. Within the PCI and CABG arms, ICR (compared with CR) seemed to be a surrogate marker of a greater burden of anatomical coronary complexity and clinical comorbidity and was associated with significantly higher frequencies of 4-year mortality, all-cause revascularization, stent thrombosis (PCI arm), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The presence of a TO was the strongest independent predictor of ICR after PCI (hazard ratio: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.98 to 3.67, p < 0.001). Eight hundred and forty patients (PCI: 26.3%, CABG: 36.4%, p < 0.001) were identified to have 1,007 TOs, with 68.1% of TOs located in the proximal-mid coronary vasculature. The findings associating ICR (compared with CR) with higher frequencies of 4-year mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained consistent in the TO-treated groups in the PCI and CABG arms.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the PCI and CABG arms of the all-comers SYNTAX trial, angiographically determined ICR has a detrimental impact on long-term clinical outcomes, including mortality. This effect remained consistent in patients with and without TOs.
Genetic algorithms: concepts and applications [in engineering design]

This paper introduces genetic algorithms (GA) as a complete entity, in which knowledge of this emerging technology can be integrated together to form the framework of a design tool for industrial engineers. An attempt has also been made to explain “why’’ and “when” GA should be used as an optimization tool.
Relative Localization of RFID Tags using Spatial-Temporal Phase Profiling

Many object localization applications need the relative locations of a set of objects as oppose to their absolute locations. Although many schemes for object localization using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags have been proposed, they mostly focus on absolute object localization and are not suitable for relative object localization because of large error margins and the special hardware that they require. In this paper, we propose an approach called Spatial-Temporal Phase Profiling (STPP) to RFID based relative object localization. The basic idea of STPP is that by moving a reader over a set of tags during which the reader continuously interrogating the tags, for each tag, the reader obtains a sequence of RF phase values, which we call a phase profile, from the tag’s responses over time. By analyzing the spatial-temporal dynamics in the phase profiles, STPP can calculate the spatial ordering among the tags. In comparison with prior absolute object localization schemes, STPP requires neither dedicated infrastructure nor special hardware. We implemented STPP and evaluated its performance in two real-world applications: locating misplaced books in a library and determining baggage order in an airport. The experimental results show that STPP achieves about 84% ordering accuracy for misplaced books and 95% ordering accuracy for baggage handling.
Frailty predicts short-term incidence of future falls among British community-dwelling older people: a prospective cohort study nested within a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Although population-based studies have shown frailty predicted future falls, their follow-up periods were one year or longer and short-term fall risks associated with frailty are unknown.


METHODS
A prospective cohort study nested within a randomised controlled trial was conducted to examine associations between frailty and short-term incident future falls among community-dwelling older people. Two hundred forty eight community-dwelling people > =65 years without history of > =three falls and allocated to a usual care arm of exercise intervention trial were prospectively monitored for falls over 24 weeks. Frailty index (FI) was constructed from 40 deficits at baseline. The future fall risks according to frailty status was examined using logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Of 248 participants, 46 were classified as frail and 57 had one or more falls during follow-up. Both each 0.01 increase in FI and frailty defined as FI > =0.25 were significantly associated with higher risks of future falls in multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and history of two falls in the previous year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.02-1.07, p < 0.001; OR = 3.04, 95 % CI = 1.53-6.02, p = 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed FI predicted future falls with fair accuracy with area under ROC curve of 0.62 (95 % CI = 0.53-0.71, p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Frailty was a significant and independent predictor of short-term future falls among community-dwelling older people who had volunteered for a physical activity study. It is important for healthcare practitioners to recognise frailty as a risk factor of imminent future falling even in older people who appear to be ageing well.
An older view on distance perception: older adults perceive walkable extents as farther

According to the action-specific perception account, spatial perception is affected by the specific energetic costs required to perform an action. In the current experiments, we examined the effect of age on distance perception. Older and younger adults were asked to verbally estimate distance to a target placed in a hallway. Results showed that older adults estimated distances to be farther compared to younger adults. Additionally, older and younger adults estimated distances on a surface that was easier to walk on (carpet) and on a surface that was more difficult to walk on (carpet covered by a plastic tarp). For older adults, distances looked farther on the plastic surface than on the carpet. These differences across surfaces were not found for able, younger adults. These results suggest that the type of floor surface available influences perception of distances. Furthermore, the results suggest that perception is still sensitive to environmental differences that affect ability even as a perceiver ages.
Approximate Algorithms for the 0/1 Knapsack Problem

A serms of increasingly accurate algorithms to obtain approximate solutions to the 0/1 one-dlmensmnal knapsack problem :s presented Each algorithm guarantees a certain minimal closeness to the optimal solution value The approximate algorithms are of polynomml time complexity and reqmre only linear storage Computatmnal expermnce with these algorithms is also presented
A novel experience of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND
Entecavir (ETV) is a potent inhibitor of viral replication in chronic hepatitis B. There is no published data concerning ETV therapy in nucleoside analogue (NUC)-naive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive renal transplant recipients (RTRs).


METHODS
We prospectively treated 27 HBsAg-positive RTRs with ETV since 2007. Serial HBV DNA was assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 24, 52 and 104 after treatment. A cohort of 19 patients who received 2-year lamivudine (3TC) therapy during 2004-2007 was used as a historical control.


RESULTS
Of the 27 RTRs, 18 (67%) were NUC-naive patients and 9 (33%) were 3TC-experienced without YMDD mutations. HBV DNA levels became undetectable in 70%, 74%, 96% and 100% of patients after 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks, respectively, of ETV treatment without viral resistance. There was no change of glomerular filtration rate, and no lactic acidosis or myopathy during treatment. By comparison with the 19 3TC-treated patients, ETV-treated RTRs presented higher rates of undetectable HBV DNA than 3TC-treated RTRs (32%, 37%, 63% and 63% at 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks; P<0.005). In an analysis excluding 9 patients from the ETV group who were also 3TC-experienced, the remaining 18 ETV-naive RTRs exhibited a better virological response at 52 and 104 weeks than 19 3TC-treated RTRs (P<0.05). Even in the 9 patients who overlapped in two cohorts, ETV exhibited a more rapid virological response than 3TC did, especially at 12 and 24 weeks (P=0.009).


CONCLUSIONS
ETV is effective in treating chronic hepatitis B in RTRs. ETV is safe with regards to renal graft function, lactic acidosis, myopathy and virological resistance.
Morgellons disease: Analysis of a population with clinically confirmed microscopic subcutaneous fibers of unknown etiology

BACKGROUND
Morgellons disease is a controversial illness in which patients complain of stinging, burning, and biting sensations under the skin. Unusual subcutaneous fibers are the unique objective finding. The etiology of Morgellons disease is unknown, and diagnostic criteria have yet to be established. Our goal was to identify prevalent symptoms in patients with clinically confirmed subcutaneous fibers in order to develop a case definition for Morgellons disease.


METHODS
Patients with subcutaneous fibers observed on physical examination (designated as the fiber group) were evaluated using a data extraction tool that measured clinical and demographic characteristics. The prevalence of symptoms common to the fiber group was then compared with the prevalence of these symptoms in patients with Lyme disease and no complaints of skin fibers.


RESULTS
The fiber group consisted of 122 patients. Significant findings in this group were an association with tick-borne diseases and hypothyroidism, high numbers from two states (Texas and California), high prevalence in middle-aged Caucasian women, and an increased prevalence of smoking and substance abuse. Although depression was noted in 29% of the fiber patients, pre-existing delusional disease was not reported. After adjusting for nonspecific symptoms, the most common symptoms reported in the fiber group were: crawling sensations under the skin; spontaneously appearing, slow-healing lesions; hyperpigmented scars when lesions heal; intense pruritus; seed-like objects, black specks, or "fuzz balls" in lesions or on intact skin; fine, thread-like fibers of varying colors in lesions and intact skin; lesions containing thick, tough, translucent fibers that are highly resistant to extraction; and a sensation of something trying to penetrate the skin from the inside out.


CONCLUSIONS
This study of the largest clinical cohort reported to date provides the basis for an accurate and clinically useful case definition for Morgellons disease.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Car-Like Robot

The Flexible Low-cost Automated Scaled Highway (FLASH) laboratory at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) is one of many facilities dedicated to the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The goal of the FLASH lab is to provide small-scale development and implementation of autonomous control strategies for today's vehicles. The current controller used on the scale vehicles is based solely on the kinematics of the system. This body of work was aimed to develop a dynamic control law to enhance the performance of the existing kinematic controller. This control system is intended to automatically maintain the vehicle's alignment on the road as well as keep the speed of the vehicle constant. Implementation of such systems could conceivably reduce driver fatigue by removing nearly all the burden of the driving process from the driver while on the highway. System dynamics of car-like robots with nonholonomic constraints were employed in this research to create a controller for an autonomous path following vehicle. The application of working kinematic and dynamic models describing car-like robotic systems allowed the development of a nonlinear controller. Simulations of the vehicle and controller were done using MATLAB. Comparisons of the kinematic controller and the dynamic controller presented here were also done. In order to make the simulations model the actual system more closely, measures were taken to approximate actual sensor readings. Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank Dr. Pushkin Kachroo for his support and advise, which without, this thesis would not be possible. His endless enthusiasm and patience is something to be admired and sought after in both academic settings as well as life. To Dr. Harley Cudney, thanks must be given to the man who introduced the author to his passion. The author wishes to thank Patricia Mellodge for her patience and support. Her work has been, and will continue to be, the building blocks of the FLASH project. Thanks go to Richard Henry, for always having caps to eat. This work is dedicated to my best friend, inspiration, and life love. Brighid, you are the reason I strive for excellence. I would be lost without you.
Treatment of scabies: Comparison of permethrin 5% versus ivermectin.

Scabies is an ectoparasitic, highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. The insecticides ivermectin and permethrin are commonly used for treatment of scabies. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of oral ivermectin with topical permethrin in treating scabies. Two hundred and forty-two patients with scabies attending the dermatology outpatient department of Sina Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were admitted. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. The first group and their family contacts received 5% permethrin cream and the other received oral ivermectin. Treatment was evaluated at intervals of 2 and 4 weeks. A single dose of ivermectin provided a cure rate of 85.9% at a 2-week interval, which increased to 100% after crossing over to the permethrin group at a 4-week interval. Twice application of permethrin with a 1-week interval was effective in 92.5% of patients, which increased to 94.2% after crossing over to the ivermectin group at a 4-week interval. Permethrin-treated patients recovered earlier. Twice application of permethrin with a 1-week interval is superior to a single dose of ivermectin. The temporal dissociation in clinical response suggests that ivermectin may not be effective against all the stages in the life cycle of the parasite.
Volunteered geographic information: future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS

New interactive web services are dramatically altering the way in which ordinary citizens can create digital spatial data and maps, individually and collectively, to produce new forms of digital spatial data that some term ‘volunteered geographic information’ (VGI). This article examines the early literature on this phenomenon, illustrating its shared propositions that these new technologies are part of shifts in the social and technological processes through which digital spatial data are produced, with accompanying implications for the content and characteristics of geospatial data, and the social and political practices promoted through their use. I illustrate how these debates about VGI conceive of spatial data as socially embedded, and suggest ways in which future research might productively draw upon conceptualizations from participatory, feminist, and critical GIS research that have emerged from similar foundations.
World-scale mining of objects and events from community photo collections

In this paper, we describe an approach for mining images of objects (such as touristic sights) from community photo collections in an unsupervised fashion. Our approach relies on retrieving geotagged photos from those web-sites using a grid of geospatial tiles. The downloaded photos are clustered into potentially interesting entities through a processing pipeline of several modalities, including visual, textual and spatial proximity. The resulting clusters are analyzed and are automatically classified into objects and events. Using mining techniques, we then find text labels for these clusters, which are used to again assign each cluster to a corresponding Wikipedia article in a fully unsupervised manner. A final verification step uses the contents (including images) from the selected Wikipedia article to verify the cluster-article assignment. We demonstrate this approach on several urban areas, densely covering an area of over 700 square kilometers and mining over 200,000 photos, making it probably the largest experiment of its kind to date.
A Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio for 5G Applications

The coexistence of the microwave and millimeter-wave technologies becomes the inexorable trend of the next generation mobile communication system. The corresponding components of the system are required to cover these two frequency bands simultaneously, especially for the antenna. Therefore, a dual-band circularly polarized antenna with large frequency ratio is proposed in this paper. Owing to the signal routing function of the aperture coupling feeding mechanism, the SIW-based cross slot antenna and via loaded patch antenna can be combined easily without deteriorating their own properties. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna can provide circular polarization over microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands simultaneously, which is difficult to achieve by the existing works.
A Harmonic-Oscillator Design Methodology Based on Describing Functions

Oscillators are present in most electronic equipment where they provide timing information, for example as sampling clocks in analog-to-digital converters or as radio carriers in wireless communications. To design an oscillator, we must have knowledge of the properties and the operation of oscillators. Since oscillators are inherently nonlinear and are subject to noise, we have a system that is difficult to analyze since the large wanted signal and the small unwanted signal interact. It is shown in this thesis that describing functions can be used to calculate not only the large-signal behavior, but also the small-signal behavior using the method of impulse sensitivity functions. Based on theoretical results from this method, a design methodology for harmonic oscillators is derived and analyzed. The design methodology aims at the design of harmonic oscillators fulfilling phase-noise requirements with minimized power consumption subject to constraints from the other requirements set by the specification and the technology used to implement the oscillator. The design methodology has been used to design oscillators meeting quite different specifications, both discrete and integrated implementations and with either inductors and capacitors or crystals as frequency-determining elements.
Children's Struggles with the Writing Process: Exploring Storytelling, Visual Arts, and Keyboarding to Promote Narrative Story Writing.

The writing process can pose real challenges for some children. As a special education consultant teacher at an elementary school, in the Toronto (Ontario) area from 1994-2002, I (Michael) worked with many students who demonstrated difficulties with writing. Sally, a fourth-grade student receiving special education services, was one example. She demonstrated real difficulty with generating a story idea; even after dialoguing with me about her favorite interests and activities, she could not easily make a decision. At one session, I suggested that she write about her favorite television program. In trying to compose the text, Sally spent so much of her mental energy trying to spell the words that she had little energy left to devote to idea progression and story structure. With my role as a special education consultant teacher for students like Sally, I was motivated to generate an alternative narrative story-writing strategy that would help students who struggle with writing. This prompted me to become a professor and researcher of literacy skills and strategies. I theorized that, if students who struggle with writing could note their initial story ideas in a format other than words, they would have the metacognitive skills to know how to manage the process of describing story characters, setting, the main event, and drawing a cohesive conclusion. At Home At School (AHAS) is an arts-based/integrated-curriculum literacy program that provided an opportunity to employ my alternative-strategy idea with elementary-aged students who found writing to be a challenge. In 2002, Susan Finley introduced AHAS with 25 students and 12 student teachers; in 2009, AHAS enrolled over 500 K-12 students and 30 university students, most of whom are preservice teachers. The purpose of the AHAS umbrella of programs is to provide equity and opportunity to all children who face systemic roadblocks to education. Program documents state: