LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Sanitizable Signature Scheme with Aggregation

A sanitizable signature scheme is a digital signature scheme in which, after generating a signer’s signature on a document, specific entities (called sanitizers) can modify the document for hiding partial information. A verifier can confirm the integrity of disclosed parts of the sanitized document from the signature. The sanitizable signature is quite useful in governmental or military offices, where there is a dilemma between disclosure requirements of documents and privacy or diplomatic secrets. In this paper, we construct an efficient and provably secure sanitizable signature scheme with aggregation from bilinear maps, based on a sanitizable signature proposed by Izu et al, by applying the general aggregate signature by Boneh et al. We also propose some efficiency improvements on the proposed scheme by reducing the number of hash values required as verifiers’ input.
Dental Ontogeny in Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Hominins

Until recently, our understanding of the evolution of human growth and development derived from studies of fossil juveniles that employed extant populations for both age determination and comparison. This circular approach has led to considerable debate about the human-like and ape-like affinities of fossil hominins. Teeth are invaluable for understanding maturation as age at death can be directly assessed from dental microstructure, and dental development has been shown to correlate with life history across primates broadly. We employ non-destructive synchrotron imaging to characterize incremental development, molar emergence, and age at death in more than 20 Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus and South African early Homo juveniles. Long-period line periodicities range from at least 6-12 days (possibly 5-13 days), and do not support the hypothesis that australopiths have lower mean values than extant or fossil Homo. Crown formation times of australopith and early Homo postcanine teeth fall below or at the low end of extant human values; Paranthropus robustus dentitions have the shortest formation times. Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominins show remarkable variation, and previous reports of age at death that employ a narrow range of estimated long-period line periodicities, cuspal enamel thicknesses, or initiation ages are likely to be in error. New chronological ages for SK 62 and StW 151 are several months younger than previous histological estimates, while Sts 24 is more than one year older. Extant human standards overestimate age at death in hominins predating Homo sapiens, and should not be applied to other fossil taxa. We urge caution when inferring life history as aspects of dental development in Pliocene and early Pleistocene fossils are distinct from modern humans and African apes, and recent work has challenged the predictive power of primate-wide associations between hominoid first molar emergence and certain life history variables.
Characterization of Renal Glucose Reabsorption in Response to Dapagliflozin in Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on the major components of renal glucose reabsorption (decreased maximum renal glucose reabsorptive capacity [TmG], increased splay, and reduced threshold), using the pancreatic/stepped hyperglycemic clamp (SHC) technique.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=12) and matched healthy subjects (n=12) underwent pancreatic/SHC (plasma glucose range 5.5-30.5 mmol/L) at baseline and after 7 days of dapagliflozin treatment. A pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the major components of renal glucose reabsorption for both groups and then used to estimate these parameters from individual glucose titration curves.


RESULTS
At baseline, type 2 diabetic subjects had elevated TmG, splay, and threshold compared with controls. Dapagliflozin treatment reduced the TmG and splay in both groups. However, the most significant effect of dapagliflozin was a reduction of the renal threshold for glucose excretion in type 2 diabetic and control subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improves glycemic control in diabetic patients by reducing the TmG and threshold at which glucose is excreted in the urine.
Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with improved cardiac autonomic function among middle-aged men: a twin study.

BACKGROUND
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic dysfunction, is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Diet can influence HRV, but this association may be confounded by genetic and environmental factors.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We administered the Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire to 276 middle-aged male twins. We derived a score measuring the extent to which an individual's diet conformed to the Mediterranean diet following a published algorithm. The higher the score, the greater the similarity to the Mediterranean diet. All twins underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG recording. Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were calculated. Mixed-effects regression was used to partition the association into between- and within-twin pair differences. After adjusting for energy intake, other nutritional factors, shared genes, and common environment, a 1-unit higher score was significantly associated with 3.9% to 13% higher time and frequency domain HRV parameters. Further controlling for known cardiovascular risk factors and use of fish oil supplements and medications did not substantially change the estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
The Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with higher HRV.
Discrete differential forms for computational modeling

The emergence of computers as an essential tool in scientific research has shaken the very foundations of differential modeling. Indeed, the deeply-rooted abstraction of smoothness, or differentiability, seems to inherently clash with a computer's ability of storing only finite sets of numbers. While there has been a series of computational techniques that proposed discretizations of differential equations, the geometric structures they are supposed to simulate are often lost in the process.
Frequency or probability? A qualitative study of risk communication formats used in health care.

BACKGROUND
The communication of probabilistic outcomes is an essential aspect of shared medical decision making.


METHODS
The authors conducted a qualitative study using focus groups to evaluate the response of women to various formats used in the communication of breast cancer risk.


FINDINGS
Graphic discrete frequency formats using highlighted human figures had greater salience than continuous probability formats using bar graphs. Potential biases in the estimation of risk magnitude were associated with the use of highlighted human figures versus bar graphs and the denominator size in graphics using highlighted human figures. The presentation of uncertainty associated with risk estimates caused some to loose trust in the information, whereas others were accepting of uncertainty in scientific data.


CONCLUSION
The qualitative studyidentified new constructs with regard to how patients process probabilistic information. Further research in the clinical setting is needed to provide a theoretical justification for the format used when presenting risk information to patients.
Ultrastructural analysis of 3 hyaluronic acid soft-tissue fillers using scanning electron microscopy.

BACKGROUND
Although hyaluronic acid (HA) specifications such as molecular weight and particle size are fairly well characterized, little information about HA ultrastructural and morphologic characteristics has been reported in clinical literature.


OBJECTIVE
To examine uniformity of HA structure, the effects of extrusion, and lidocaine dilution of 3 commercially available HA soft-tissue fillers.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, investigators examined the soft-tissue fillers at various magnifications for ultrastructural detail and elemental distributions.


RESULTS
All HAs contained oxygen, carbon, and sodium, but with uneven distributions. Irregular particulate matter was present in RES but BEL and JUV were largely particle free. Spacing was more uniform in BEL than JUV and JUV was more uniform than RES. Lidocaine had no apparent effect on morphology; extrusion through a 30-G needle had no effect on ultrastructure.


CONCLUSION
Descriptions of the ultrastructural compositions and nature of BEL, JUV, and RES are helpful for matching the areas to be treated with the HA soft-tissue filler architecture. Lidocaine and extrusion through a 30-G needle exerted no influence on HA structure. Belotero Balance shows consistency throughout the syringe and across manufactured lots.
A 5-year follow-up of ambulatory blood pressure in healthy older adults.

BACKGROUND
This study assessed 5-year changes in ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in healthy, older individuals and determined the extent to which it could be predicted from earlier BP measures and other cardiovascular risk factors.


METHODS
A total of 162 men and women, aged 55 to 79 years, with no prior medical disorders, completed a medical examination and two 24-h ABP sessions. The procedures were repeated 5 years later in 80% (130) of these subjects. A modified hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine whether initial ABP and casual blood pressure (CBP) measures and demographic and physical examination data could predict ABP in 5 years.


RESULTS
The CBP and most ABP levels during waking and sleep increased after 5 years. However, CBP remained in the normotensive range for 73% of the subjects. The ABP variability tended to decrease over time. The ABP and CBP measures accounted for at least 50% of the variance in the prediction of ABP level after 5 years. In comparison, the predictability of ABP variability was quite low, particularly during sleep (<30% of the variance accounted for).


CONCLUSIONS
The ABP and CBP were good predictors of future ABP level in healthy older subjects, but ABP variability was more difficult to predict. Except for age, none of the standard cardiovascular risk factors contributed significantly to the prediction of ABP level or variability.
Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization

We introduce extreme summarization, a new single-document summarization task which does not favor extractive strategies and calls for an abstractive modeling approach. The idea is to create a short, one-sentence news summary answering the question “What is the article about?”. We collect a real-world, large scale dataset for this task by harvesting online articles from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). We propose a novel abstractive model which is conditioned on the article’s topics and based entirely on convolutional neural networks. We demonstrate experimentally that this architecture captures longrange dependencies in a document and recognizes pertinent content, outperforming an oracle extractive system and state-of-the-art abstractive approaches when evaluated automatically and by humans.1
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract and their application in clinical ultrasound gel

Eco-friendly green synthesis with plant extracts plays a very important role in nanotechnology, without any harmful chemicals. In this report, the synthesis of water-soluble silver nanoparticles was developed by treating silver ions with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract at room temperature. The effect of the extract on the formation of silver nanoparticles was characterized by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy results show a strong resonance centered on the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) at 430 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral study demonstrates Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract acted as the reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized AgNP are single crystallines, corresponding with the result of transmission electron microscopy. Water-soluble AgNP, with an approximate size of 20 nm-50 nm were also observed in the transmission electron microscopy image. The bactericidal properties of the synthesized AgNP were investigated using the agar-dilution method and the growth-inhibition test. The results show the AgNP had potent bactericidal activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as a strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, as compared to gram-positive bacteria with a dose-dependent effect, thus providing a clinical ultrasound gel with bactericidal property for prevention of cross infections.
Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE
Panitumumab, a fully human antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has activity in a subset of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although activating mutations in KRAS, a small G-protein downstream of EGFR, correlate with poor response to anti-EGFR antibodies in mCRC, their role as a selection marker has not been established in randomized trials.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
KRAS mutations were detected using polymerase chain reaction on DNA from tumor sections collected in a phase III mCRC trial comparing panitumumab monotherapy to best supportive care (BSC). We tested whether the effect of panitumumab on progression-free survival (PFS) differed by KRAS status.


RESULTS
KRAS status was ascertained in 427 (92%) of 463 patients (208 panitumumab, 219 BSC). KRAS mutations were found in 43% of patients. The treatment effect on PFS in the wild-type (WT) KRAS group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.59) was significantly greater (P < .0001) than in the mutant group (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.36). Median PFS in the WT KRAS group was 12.3 weeks for panitumumab and 7.3 weeks for BSC. Response rates to panitumumab were 17% and 0%, for the WT and mutant groups, respectively. WT KRAS patients had longer overall survival (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.82; treatment arms combined). Consistent with longer exposure, more grade III treatment-related toxicities occurred in the WT KRAS group. No significant differences in toxicity were observed between the WT KRAS group and the overall population.


CONCLUSION
Panitumumab monotherapy efficacy in mCRC is confined to patients with WT KRAS tumors. KRAS status should be considered in selecting patients with mCRC as candidates for panitumumab monotherapy.
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Korea: A Multi-Institutional Study in 101487 Patients

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of known risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and their association with the actual occurrence of CIN in patients undergoing intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in Korea.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients who underwent CECT in 2008 were identified in the electronic medical records of 16 tertiary hospitals of Korea. Data on demographics, comorbidities, prescriptions and laboratory test results of patients were collected following a standard data extraction protocol. The baseline renal function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We identified the prevalence of risk factors along the eGFR strata and evaluated their influence on the incidence of CIN, defined as a 0.5 mg/dL or 25% increase in serum creatinine after CECT.


RESULTS
Of 432425 CECT examinations in 272136 patients, 140838 examinations in 101487 patients met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 57.9 ± 15.5 years; 25.1% of the patients were older than 70 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 11.9%, of hypertension 13.7%, of gout 0.55% and of heart failure was 1.7%. Preventive measures were used in 40238 CECT examinations (28.6%). The prevalence of risk factors and use of preventive measures increased as the renal function became worse. A CIN was occurred after 3103 (2.2%) CECT examinations, revealing a significant association with decreased eGFR, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure after adjustment.


CONCLUSION
Risk factors for CIN are prevalent among the patients undergoing CECT. Preventive measures were seemingly underutilized and a system is needed to improve preventive care.
COTS-Based Systems Top 10 List

I n the January 2001 issue of Computer (pp. 135-137), we published the Software Defect Reduction Top 10 List—one of two foci pursued by the National Science Foundation-sponsored Center for Empirically Based Software Engineering (CeBASE). COTS-based systems (CBS) provide the other CeBASE focus. For our intent, COTS software has the following characteristics: The buyer has no access to the source code; the vendor controls its development; and it has a nontrivial installed base (that is, more than one customer ; more than a few copies). Criteria for making the list are that each empirical result has • significant current and future impact on software dependability, timeli-ness, and cost; • diagnostic value with respect to cost-effective best practices; and • reasonable generality across applications domains, market sectors, and product sizes. These are the same criteria we used for our defect-reduction list, but they are harder to evaluate for CBS because it is a less mature area. CBS's roller-coaster ride along Gartner Group's visibility-maturity curve (http:// gartner11.gartnerweb.com/public/static/ hotc/hc00094769.html) reveals its relative immaturity as it progresses through a peak of inflated expectations (with many overenthusiastic organizational mandates to switch to CBS), a trough of disillusion-ment, and to a slope of enlightenment, to a plateau of productivity. We present the CBS Top 10 List as hypotheses, rather than results, that also serve as software challenges for enhancing our empirical understanding of CBS. More than 99 percent of all executing computer instructions come from COTS products. Each instruction passed a market test for value. • Source. The more than 99 percent figure derives from analyzing Department of Defense data (B. Boehm, " Managing Software Productivity and Reuse, " Computer, Sept. 1999, pp. 111-113). • Implications. Economic necessity drives extensive COTS use. Nobody can afford to write a general-purpose operating system or database management system. Every project should consider the CBS option, but carefully weigh CBS benefits, costs, and risks against other options. " Market test " means that someone willingly pays to install the COTS component, not that every instruction is used or proves valuable. More than half the features in large COTS software products go unused. working alone used 12 to 16 percent of Microsoft Word and PowerPoint measurement features, whereas a 10-person group used 26 to 29 percent of these features. • Implications. Adding features is an economic necessity for vendors but it introduces complexity for COTS adopters. This added complexity can require …
Enhanced vector field visualization via Lagrangian accumulation

In this paper, we revisit the Lagrangian accumulation process that aggregates the local attribute information along integral curves for vector field visualization. Similar to the previous work, we adopt the notation of the Lagrangian accumulation field or A field for the representation of the accumulation results. In contrast to the previous work, we provide a more in-depth discussion on the properties of A fields and the meaning of the patterns exhibiting in A fields. In particular, we revisit the discontinuity in the A fields and provide a thorough explanation of its relation to the flow structure and the additional information of the flow that it may reveal. In addition, other remaining questions about the A field, such as its sensitivity to the selection of integration time, are also addressed. Based on these new insights, we demonstrate a number of enhanced flow visualizations aided by the accumulation framework and the A fields, including a new A field guided ribbon placement, a A field guided stream surface seeding and the visualization of particle-based flow data. To further demonstrate the generality of the accumulation framework, we extend it to the non-integral geometric curves (i.e. streak lines), which enables us to reveal information of the flow behavior other than those revealed by the integral curves. Finally, we introduce the Eulerian accumulation, which can reveal different flow behavior information from those revealed by the Lagrangian accumulation. In summary, we believe the Lagrangian accumulation and the resulting A fields offer a valuable way for the exploration of flow behaviors in addition to the current state-of-the-art techniques. c © 2017 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
Miniaturization of the half ring monopole antenna using self complementary method for UWB application

A novel and simple half ring monopole antenna is presented here. The proposed antenna has been fed by a microstrip line to provide bandwidth supporting ultra wideband (UWB) characteristics. While decreasing the physical size of the antenna, the parameters that affect the performance of the antenna have been investigated here.
Cell-free DNA fragment-size distribution analysis for non-invasive prenatal CNV prediction

BACKGROUND
Non-invasive detection of aneuploidies in a fetal genome through analysis of cell-free DNA circulating in the maternal plasma is becoming a routine clinical test. Such tests, which rely on analyzing the read coverage or the allelic ratios at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, are not sensitive enough for smaller sub-chromosomal abnormalities due to sequencing biases and paucity of SNPs in a genome.


RESULTS
We have developed an alternative framework for identifying sub-chromosomal copy number variations in a fetal genome. This framework relies on the size distribution of fragments in a sample, as fetal-origin fragments tend to be smaller than those of maternal origin. By analyzing the local distribution of the cell-free DNA fragment sizes in each region, our method allows for the identification of sub-megabase CNVs, even in the absence of SNP positions. To evaluate the accuracy of our method, we used a plasma sample with the fetal fraction of 13%, down-sampled it to samples with coverage of 10X-40X and simulated samples with CNVs based on it. Our method had a perfect accuracy (both specificity and sensitivity) for detecting 5 Mb CNVs, and after reducing the fetal fraction (to 11%, 9% and 7%), it could correctly identify 98.82-100% of the 5 Mb CNVs and had a true-negative rate of 95.29-99.76%.


AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Our source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/compbio-UofT/FSDA CONTACT: : brudno@cs.toronto.edu.