LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Hypodontia as Clinically Related Dental Anomaly: Prevalence and Characteristics

Objective. Patients with hypodontia are relatively common in clinical dentistry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia of permanent teeth in Korean orthodontic patients and whether such prevalence is associated with the type of dental clinic, patient gender, or the type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods. Over a five-year period, we evaluated 3,055 patients (mean age, 15.1 years; range 9~30) from two geographically separated orthodontic clinics: 1,479 from University Hospital and 1,576 from a private clinic. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs, clinical examination, and dental casts. Results. The overall prevalence of hypodontia, excluding the third molars, was 11.3%, and there was no statistically significant association with the type of dental clinic, gender, or malocclusion patterns. The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (44.2%), followed by the mandibular lateral incisors (36.6%), and the maxillary second premolars (34.0%). In both sexes, 86.0% of patients with hypodontia were missing one or two teeth. Conclusion. The relatively high prevalence of hypodontia emphasizes the importance of dental examination in early childhood with radiographic screening for hypodontia as standard public oral health policy and warrants further investigation of the orthodontic treatment strategies to prevent resultant oral health impairments of hypodontia.
Violent video games and aggressive behavior in young women

The increasing availability of violent video games and their implication in recent school shootings has raised the volume of public debate on the effects of such games on aggressive behavior and related variables. This article reports an experiment designed to test key hypotheses concerning the short term impact of exposure to violent video games on young women, a population that has received relatively little attention in this research literature. Results were that brief exposure to a violent video game increased aggressive behavior. Mediational analyses suggested that the violent video game effect on aggression was not mediated by instrumental aggressive motivation, but was partially mediated by revenge motivation. Other results suggested that the violent video game effect on aggression might be greater when the game player controls a same-sex violent game character. Aggr. Behav. 29:423–429, 2003. r 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Scalable, adaptive and survivable trust management for community of interest based Internet of Things systems

An Internet of Things (IoT) system connects a large amount of tags, sensors, and mobile devices to facilitate information sharing, enabling a variety of attractive applications. It challenges the design and evaluation of IoT systems to meet the scalability, compatibility, extendibility, dynamic adaptability and resiliency requirements. In this paper, we design and evaluate a scalable, adaptive and survivable trust management protocol in dynamic IoT environments. Recognizing that entities in an IoT system are connected through social networks of entity owners, we consider a community of interest (CoI) based social IoT where nodes form into communities of interest. Given inter-CoI vs. intra-CoI social connections among entity owners as input, we identify best trust protocol settings for achieving convergence, accuracy, dynamic adaptability and resiliency properties in the presence of dynamically changing conditions and malicious nodes performing trust-related attacks. For scalability, we consider a design by which a node only keeps trust information of a subset of nodes meeting its interest and performs minimum computation to update trust. We validate our design by extensive simulation considering both limited and ideal (unlimited) storage space. The results demonstrate that our trust management protocol using limited storage space achieves a similar performance level compared with the one under ideal storage space, and a newly joining node can quickly build up trust towards other nodes with desirable accuracy and convergence behavior.
Numerical simulation of drop impact on a liquid-liquid interface with a multiple marker front-capturing method

The gravity-driven motion of a droplet impacting on a liquid–liquid interface is studied. The full Navier–Stokes equations are solved on a fixed, uniform grid using a finite difference/front-capturing method. For the representation of fluid–fluid interfaces, a coupled Level-Set/Volume-Of-Fluid method [M. Sussman, E.G. Puckett, A coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid method for computing 3D and axisymmetric incompressible two-phase flows, J. Comp. Phys. 162 (2000) 301–337] is used, in which we introduce the novel approach of describing separate interfaces with different marker functions. As a consequence, we prevent numerical coalescence of the droplet and the liquid–liquid interface without excessive (local) grid refinement. To validate our method, numerical simulations of the drop impact event are compared with experiments [Z. Mohamed-Kassim, E.K. Longmire, Drop impact on a liquid–liquid interface, Phys. Fluids 15 (2003) 3263–3273]. Furthermore, a comparison is made with the numerical results of [A. Esmaeeli, G. Tryggvason, Direct numerical simulations of bubbly flows. Part 2. Moderate Reynolds number arrays, J. Fluid Mech. 385 (1999) 325–358] for an array of rising bubbles. The investigation shows that the multiple marker approach successfully prevents numerical coalescence of interfaces and adequately captures the effect of surface tension. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Access to process data with OPC-DA using IEC61499 Service Interface Function Blocks

The need for flexibility in manufacturing systems is continuously growing. This need deals with the establishment of design methodologies for implementing distributed applications. The IEC61499 define a generic architecture for designing distributed applications, based on Functions Block (FB) networks. The interface between the control software and the hardware is achieved by means of the so called Service Interface FB. But guidelines to implement this type of FBs are provided neither by the standard nor by the available tools. On the other hand, one of the most widely used industrial communication standard is OPC that enables the exchange of data between multi-vendor devices and control applications without any proprietary restrictions. Thus, an easy integration of this communication standard within IEC61499 applications may contribute to consolidate such standard. This paper presents the guidelines to use OPC in industrial applications through the definition an implementation of SIFBs to access process data using OPC-DA (OPC Data Access) specification.
XSS-10 Micro-Satellite Flight Demonstration Program

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is building and demonstrating a new class of low-cost satellites, referred to as “micro-satellites,” weighing in at less than 100 kilograms. These new satellites are being flown under the Experimental Spacecraft System (XSS) program and will demonstrate the capabilities of microsatellites for future Air Force missions. The XSS series demonstrates basic proximity operations capabilities onorbit and will address both technical and operational risks before committing to micro-satellite system development programs. The first mission, XSS-10, resulted in a 31-kilogram micro-satellite being launched as a secondary mission on a Boeing Delta II expendable launch vehicle along with a Global Position Satellite on January 29, 2003. The mission objectives were to demonstrate autonomous navigation, proximity operations, and inspection of another space object; a critical part of our overall strategic plan for space. The XSS-10 is a giant step in space support technologies and demonstrated capabilities needed on space support missions such as on-orbit servicing and health monitoring. The XSS-10 is a building block for future space operations. Mission operations were conducted on January 30, 2003 when XSS-10 ejected from the Delta second stage and successfully demonstrated autonomous navigation and maneuvering in close proximity to the second stage using innovative guidance and control software. The XSS-10 featured a miniature communications system, a compact avionics, unibody propulsion, and a high-resolution integrated camera that facilitated close inspection. During the mission, XSS-10 traveled within 100 meters of the second-stage booster of the Delta II rocket, to take photographs and transmit the images back to ground from a low-Earth orbital position 800 kilometers above the equator. XSS-10 mission results were positive with all primary objectives achieved; lessons learned are being transitioned to other micro-satellite initiatives. This paper will review the development and flight qualification of the XSS-10 micro-satellite and discuss the results of the January 2003 flight experiment. Paper Number SSC03-1-IV-1
Complexity of Data Flow Analysis for Non-Separable Frameworks

The complexity of round robin method of intraprocedural data flow analysis is measured in number of iterations over the control flow graph. Existing complexity bounds realistically explain the complexity of only Bit-vector frameworks which are separable. In this paper we define the complexity bounds for non-separable frameworks by quantifying the interdependences among the data flow information of program entities using an Entity Dependence Graph.
Bilateral areolar sebaceous hyperplasia in a post-menopausal woman.

299 normal: 40.0-75.0%) and normocytic anaemia (Hgb: 104 g/L; normal: 115-150 g/L). Acinetobacter junii and Flavobacterium meningosepticum were cultured from the pus of the sinus tracts, and blood cultures were negative. We further sequenced the -secretase gene of the patient. After informed consent was obtained, we collected EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples from the patient and his parents. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by standard procedures using Flexi Gene DNA kits (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and was diluted to working concentrations of 15-20 ng/ L for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All exons and exonintron boundaries of PSENEN, PSEN1, NCSTN and APH1 genes were amplified by PCR. The DNA products were sequenced directly after purification using an ABI PRISM® 3730 automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Sequencing revealed a guanine deletion mutation (c.66delG) in PSENEN in the patient (figure 1B), but not in his parents. After 14 days of treatment, the skin lesions were markedly lessened and the leukocyte and neutrophil counts returned to normal level. Haemoglobin increased to 114 g/L. AI is now considered a disease of follicular occlusion rather than an inflammatory or infectious process of the apocrine glands [4]. Recently, the genetic aetiology of the disease has been unravelled. The -secretase subunit genes (PSEN1, PSENEN and NCSTN) were found to harbour pathogenic mutations leading to AI. Here, we report a sporadic case of AI and our sequencing revealed a guanine deletion mutation (c.66delG) in PSENEN. This mutation is known to cause a frameshift mutation in the protein [2]. Up to now, and to our knowledge, only four sporadic cases have been reported and all the mutations occurred in NCSTN: c.632C>G, c.553G>A, c.996+7G>A, and c.1101+10A>G, whereas 19 mutations were reported in familial AI which were scattered among the NCSTN, PSENEN and PSEN1 genes. PSEN1 gene mutation has not been reported in Caucasian patients, while missense, nonsense, frameshift and splice site mutations are reported in PSENEN or NCSTN in both Chinese and Caucasian patients [3, 5, 6]. Our case shows that PSENEN c.66delG gene mutation can lead to both familial and sporadic AI, and may be a mutation hot spot in AI.
Item Recommendation in Collaborative Tagging Systems

Along with the new opportunities introduced by Web 2.0 and collaborative tagging systems, several challenges have to be addressed too, notably, the problem of information overload. Recommender systems are among the most successful approaches for increasing the level of relevant content over the “noise.” Traditional recommender systems fail to address the requirements presented in collaborative tagging systems. This paper considers the problem of item recommendation in collaborative tagging systems. It is proposed to model data from collaborative tagging systems with three-mode tensors, in order to capture the three-way correlations between users, tags, and items. By applying multiway analysis, latent correlations are revealed, which help to improve the quality of recommendations. Moreover, a hybrid scheme is proposed that additionally considers content-based information that is extracted from items. Experimental comparison, using data from a real collaborative tagging system (Last.fm), against both recent tag-aware and traditional (non tag aware) item recommendation algorithms indicates significant improvements in recommendation quality. Moreover, the experimental results illustrate the advantage of the proposed hybrid scheme.
Natural theology and the plurality of worlds: Observations on the Brewster-Whewell debate

Summary The object of this study is to analyse certain aspects of the debate between David Brewster and William Whewell concerning the probability of extra-terrestrial life, in order to illustrate the nature, constitution and condition of natural theology in the decades immediately preceding the publication in 1859 of Charles Darwin's Origin of species. The argument is directed against a stylised picture of natural theology which has been drawn from a backward projection of the Darwinian antithesis between natural selection and certain forms of the design argument. Contrary to the popular image of natural theology as an essentially static, autonomous and monolithic set of presuppositions about the existence of design in nature, the paper underlines the existence of a fundamental divergence of strategies within natural theology, a divergence that, in the case of Brewster and Whewell, can be correlated with the religious cultures to which they most closely belonged. The fact that, in the plurality of worlds...
Morality: An Evolutionary Account.

Refinements in Darwin's theory of the origin of a moral sense create a framework equipped to organize and integrate contemporary theory and research on morality. Morality originated in deferential, cooperative, and altruistic "social instincts," or decision-making strategies, that enabled early humans to maximize their gains from social living and resolve their conflicts of interest in adaptive ways. Moral judgments, moral norms, and conscience originated from strategic interactions among members of groups who experienced confluences and conflicts of interest. Moral argumentation buttressed by moral reasoning is equipped to generate universal and impartial moral standards. Moral beliefs and standards are products of automatic and controlled information-processing and decision-making mechanisms. To understand how people make moral decisions, we must understand how early evolved mechanisms in the old brain and recently evolved mechanisms in the new brain are activated and how they interact. Understanding what a sense of morality is for helps us understand what it is.
Health Utilities Index Mark 3 showed valid in Alzheimer disease, arthritis, and cataracts.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the cross-sectional construct validity of the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) in Alzheimer disease (AD), arthritis (AR), and cataracts (CA).


STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
The 1996-97 Canadian National Population Health Survey for community and institution-dwelling respondents aged 40 years and above was used in the study. Adjusted means for overall and single-attribute HUI3 scores of five subgroups were compared: (1) AD only, (2) AR only, (3) CA only, (4) at least two of the three conditions, and (5) none of the three (reference group). Regression analyses were conducted for community and institutional data to obtain adjusted mean utility scores.


RESULTS
Of the 76 a priori hypotheses, 55 were confirmed. HUI3 was able to describe overall burdens of AD, AR, and CA as well as vision problems associated with CA, speech and cognition problems associated with AD, and ambulation and pain problems associated with AR. Adjusted mean differences in overall HUI3 scores between AD, AR, or CA only groups and reference group ranged from -0.04 to -0.42 (P<0.05); all differences were quantitatively important.


CONCLUSION
HUI3 is useful in assessing the health-related quality of life of AD, AR, and CA of those living in the community and institutions.
Screening properties of questionnaires and laboratory tests for the detection of alcohol abuse or dependence in a general practice population.

BACKGROUND
Early identification of alcohol abuse or dependence is important in general practice because many diseases are influenced by alcohol. General practitioners, however, fail to recognise most patients with alcohol problems.


AIM
To assess the diagnostic performance of the CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires, their derivatives, and laboratory tests in screening for alcohol abuse or dependence in a primary care population (male and female patients), attending their general practitioner (GP).


DESIGN OF STUDY
A diagnostic cross-sectional study.


SETTING
A random sample of patients who were over 18 years of age (n = 1992) attending 69 general practices situated in the same region in Belgium.


METHOD
Alcohol questionnaires (CIDI 1.1, section I, CAGE, AUDIT, AUDIT-C, Five-Shot, and AUDIT Piccinelli) were completed, demographic information was recorded, and patients underwent conventional blood tests, including mean corpuscular volume, liver function tests, the gamma-glutamyl transferase test, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, estimated using %CDT). Calculations of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, odds ratios with their 95% CIs, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for different scores of the questionnaires and laboratory tests, using DSM-III-R as the reference standard.


RESULTS
The past-year prevalence of alcohol abuse or dependence in this population was 8.9% (178/1992) of which there were 132 male and 45 female patients attending a general practice. The GPs identified 33.5% of patients with alcohol abuse or dependence. Among male patients, all questionnaires had reasonable sensitivities between 68% and 93% and hence at lower cut-points than recommended. Only the sensitivity of the CAGE, even at its lowest cut-point of > or = 1 was lower (62%). In female patients the sensitivities were lower; however, odds ratios were higher for different questionnaires. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves did not differ between the questionnaires. The laboratory tests had low diagnostic accuracy with areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) between 0.60 and 0.67 for female patients and 0.57 and 0.65 for male patients.


CONCLUSIONS
This is one of the largest known studies on alcohol abuse or dependence among family care practices. We confirm earlier results that the AUDIT questionnaire seems equally appropriate for males and females; however, screening properties among male patients are higher. Nevertheless, the Five-Shot questionnaire is shorter and easier to use in a general practice setting and has nearly the same diagnostic properties in male and female general practice patient populations. We confirm that conventional laboratory tests are of no use for detecting alcohol abuse or dependence in a primary care setting. Also, the %CDT cannot been used as a screening instrument in this general practice population.
Churn Prediction : Does Technology Matter ?

The aim of this paper is to identify the most suitable model for churn prediction based on three different techniques. The paper identifies the variables that affect churn in reverence of customer complaints data and provides a comparative analysis of neural networks, regression trees and regression in their capabilities of predicting customer churn. Keywords—Churn, Decision Trees, Neural Networks, Regression.
Consensus-Based Distributed Control for Accurate Reactive, Harmonic, and Imbalance Power Sharing in Microgrids

This paper investigates the issue of accurate reactive, harmonic, and imbalance power sharing in a microgrid. Harmonic and imbalance droop controllers are developed to proportionally share the harmonic power and the imbalance power among distributed generation (DG) units and improve the voltage quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). Further, a distributed consensus protocol is developed to adaptively regulate the virtual impedance at fundamental frequency and selected harmonic frequencies. Additionally, a dynamic consensus based method is adopted to restore the voltage to their average voltage. With the proposed methods, the microgrid system reliability and flexibility can be enhanced and the knowledge of the line impedance is not required. And the reactive, harmonic, and imbalance power can be proportionally shared among the DG units. Moreover, the quality of the voltage at PCC can be greatly improved. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
Assessment of the value of therapeutic monitoring of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the lower end of the putative therapeutic range of serum tacrine concentrations of 7–20 ng · ml−1 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The relationship between dose, steady-state serum tacrine concentrations and change in MMSE score (a measure of cognitive function) was examined in 106 Alzheimer's disease patients who had been treated with the drug for 12 weeks. Results: In all, 72% of patients showed some response, but there was no relationship between dose and the chance of a favourable outcome. The proportion of patients with serum concentrations above 7 ng · ml−1 who improved (79%) was significantly greater than that of those with serum concentrations below this level (47%) (P < 0.02). Also, a significantly greater proportion of patients with serum concentrations above both 5 ng · ml−1 and 9 ng · ml−1 showed improvement in comparison to those with concentrations below these levels. Conclusions: This study indicates that therapeutic monitoring of serum tacrine concentrations might increase the possibility of responding to tacrine by some 68%. This represents an important contribution to the management of Alzheimer's disease patients with this drug, and may also be relevant to the use of the newer generation of cholinesterase inhibitors.