LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Introducing point-of-care testing into a rural hospital setting: thematic analysis of interviews with providers.

INTRODUCTION
Hauora Hokianga Enterprises Trust, an integrated Primary Health Organisation (PHO), which provides primary and intermediate/secondary care to a remote rural community, introduced point-of-care (POC) testing at Rawene Hospital in June 2008. Previously, all laboratory tests were undertaken in Whangarei, with a one to three day turn-around for results. This study aimed to identify the perceived impact of POC testing on clinicians and the community.


METHOD
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 13 health professionals working at Rawene Hospital. The qualitative data analysis computer programme ATLAS.ti v5.2 was used to assist the thematic analysis.


FINDINGS
Three overall themes captured the main issues with introducing POC testing: (1) POC testing increased clinicians' confidence, certainty and assurance in their daily practice; (2) POC testing improved diagnostic certainty and this impacted on patients and their families/whanau; (3) the challenges associated with POC testing included increased workload, pressure to up-skill, over-testing, and continuing professional education gaps.


CONCLUSION
POC testing is an invaluable technological adjunct for improving clinical decisions and culturally safe care provided to a remote rural community, but it brings challenges to care providers in managing higher workloads and pressures to up-skill. POC testing can improve the acute medical care (access and quality) provided to an economically-deprived, predominantly Maori, rural community.U
Abstractive Summarization with Global Importance Scores

ive Summarization with Global Importance Scores Shivaal Roy Department of Computer Science Stanford University shivaal@cs.stanford.edu Vivian Nguyen Department of Computer Science Stanford University vnguyen2@cs.stanford.edu
The challenge of biosimilars.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this report was to review issues associated with the introduction of alternative versions of biosimilars used in the oncology setting.


DESIGN
Data were obtained by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, references from relevant English-language articles, and guidelines from the European Medicines Agency.


RESULTS
When biosimilars are approved in EU, they will be considered 'comparable' to the reference product, but this does not ensure therapeutic equivalence. Inherent differences between biosimilars may produce dissimilarities in clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Switching biosimilars should be considered a change in clinical management. Regulatory guidelines have been established for some biosimilar categories but, because of the limited clinical experience with biosimilars at approval, pharmacovigilance programs will be important to establish clinical databases. Guidelines also provide a mechanism for the extrapolation of clinical indications (approved indications for which the biosimilar has not been studied). This may be of concern where differences in biological activity can result in adverse outcomes or when safety is paramount (e.g. stem cell mobilization in healthy donors). These issues should be addressed in biosimilar labeling.


CONCLUSIONS
Biosimilars should provide cost savings and greater accessibility to biopharmaceuticals. A thorough knowledge surrounding biosimilars will ensure the appropriate use of biopharmaceuticals.
Continuous efficacy of etanercept in severe and advanced ankylosing spondylitis: results from a 12-week open-label extension of the SPINE study.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the longer-term efficacy of etanercept in patients with severe and advanced active AS.


METHODS
Seventy-seven patients who completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week SPINE study enrolled in a 12-week open-label extension and received s.c. etanercept 50 mg once weekly. The etanercept/etanercept group received a total of 24 weeks treatment with etanercept (n = 38); the placebo/etanercept group received placebo during the double-blind study then 12 weeks' etanercept treatment during the open-label extension (n = 39).


RESULTS
At the end of the open-label extension, BASDAI scores in the etanercept/etanercept group had further decreased beyond reductions observed during the double-blind study [mean (s.d.) change from baseline -37.6 (22.4) at end of extension vs -27.4 (23.8) at end of double-blind study]. Mean (s.d.) BASDAI scores also improved in the placebo/etanercept group once switched to etanercept [-28.6 (24.3) vs -15.0 (20.0)]. Similar trends were observed in BASFI and BASMI scores. In the placebo/etanercept group, total back pain decreased to similar levels achieved in the etanercept group in the double-blind study. Pain levels continued to decrease with longer-term etanercept therapy in the etanercept/etanercept group.


CONCLUSION
Despite the improvements in symptoms and inflammatory markers observed shortly after initiation of once-weekly etanercept, there was no notable plateauing effect on patient-reported outcomes. Indeed, signs and symptoms of severe and advanced active AS continued to improve after up to 24 weeks, treatment with etanercept.
Feature Embedding for Dependency Parsing

In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically learning feature embeddings to address the feature sparseness problem for dependency parsing. Inspired by word embeddings, feature embeddings are distributed representations of features that are learned from large amounts of auto-parsed data. Our target is to learn feature embeddings that can not only make full use of well-established hand-designed features but also benefit from the hidden-class representations of features. Based on feature embeddings, we present a set of new features for graph-based dependency parsing models. Experiments on the standard Chinese and English data sets show that the new parser achieves significant performance improvements over a strong baseline.
Neurocognitive signs in prodromal Huntington disease.

OBJECTIVE
PREDICT-HD is a large-scale international study of people with the Huntington disease (HD) CAG-repeat expansion who are not yet diagnosed with HD. The objective of this study was to determine the stage in the HD prodrome at which cognitive differences from CAG-normal controls can be reliably detected.


METHOD
For each of 738 HD CAG-expanded participants, we computed estimated years to clinical diagnosis and probability of diagnosis in 5 years based on age and CAG-repeat expansion number (Langbehn, Brinkman, Falush, Paulsen, & Hayden, 2004). We then stratified the sample into groups: NEAR, estimated to be ≤9 years; MID, between 9 and 15 years; and FAR, ≥15 years. The control sample included 168 CAG-normal participants. Nineteen cognitive tasks were used to assess attention, working memory, psychomotor functions, episodic memory, language, recognition of facial emotion, sensory-perceptual functions, and executive functions.


RESULTS
Compared with the controls, the NEAR group showed significantly poorer performance on nearly all of the cognitive tests and the MID group on about half of the cognitive tests (p = .05, Cohen's d NEAR as large as -1.17, MID as large as -0.61). One test even revealed significantly poorer performance in the FAR group (Cohen's d = -0.26). Individual tasks accounted for 0.2% to 9.7% of the variance in estimated proximity to diagnosis. Overall, the cognitive battery accounted for 34% of the variance; in comparison, the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale motor score accounted for 11.7%.


CONCLUSIONS
Neurocognitive tests are robust clinical indicators of the disease process prior to reaching criteria for motor diagnosis of HD.
A comparative study of epidemiological investigations of malaria outbreaks and related deaths in two districts of Jharkhand during the same prewinter season using shoe-leather epidemiology

Background
Following news of deaths in two districts of Jharkhand (West Singhbum and Garhwa) in November 2016, epidemiological investigations were contemplated to investigate any current outbreak of falciparum malaria and deaths attributed to it.


Methodology
The epidemiological investigations, verbal autopsy of suspected deaths attributed to malaria and keys interviews were conducted in the 2nd and 4th week of November 2016 in Khuntpani and Dhurki block of West Singhbum and Garhwa districts, respectively, following a strict protocol.


Results
The affected villages were Argundi and Korba-Pahariya and their adjacent tolas in Khuntpani and Dhurki block. Undoubtedly, there was the continuous transmission of falciparum malaria in both the regions in October and November 2016. The total cases (according to case definitions) were 1002, of them, 338 and 12 patients were positive for Plasmodium falciparum positive (Pf +ve) and Plasmodium vivax positive (Pv +ve), respectively, in the affected areas of Khuntpani block. In Dhurki block, out of the total of 631 patients fulfilling the case definition, 65 patients were PF +ve and 23 Pv +ve. Comparing to the last year, there is remarkably high number of falciparum cases. Verbal autopsy of deceased individuals showed that malaria might be one of the strongly probable diagnoses, but not conclusively.


Conclusion
According to epidemiological investigation, verbal autopsy and key interviews conducted, it may be concluded that there is a definite outbreak of falciparum malaria in the area and environment is congenial for malaria and other tropical diseases.
Performance evaluation of diodes in 27.12 MHz Class-D resonant rectifiers under high voltage and high slew rate conditions

This paper provides a performance review of select diodes for use in high frequency resonant rectifiers at modest power levels. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of several leading edge diodes for use in a 27.12 MHz Class-D type rectifier for output voltages from 170 V to 1000 V dc, and corresponding power levels between 8.5 W and 100 W. Previous work on resonant rectifiers at frequencies > 10 MHz [1] showed higher-than-expected losses in the diodes. These losses increased with increased output voltage and led to significant de-rating and poor utilization of the semiconductors. The authors suspect these losses are due in part to the high equation experienced by the Silicon Carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes used in that design. This paper provides an in depth comparison of select diodes to evaluate their performance for use at elevated voltages and frequencies. Further understanding of the losses involved in the design of high equation resonant rectifiers will lead to better de-rating guidelines for component selection of high frequency high voltage converters.
Regenerative cellular therapies for neurologic diseases

The promise of stem cell regeneration has been the hope of many neurologic patients with permanent damage to the central nervous system. There are hundreds of stem cell trials worldwide intending to test the regenerative capacity of stem cells in various neurological conditions from Parkinson's disease to multiple sclerosis. Although no stem cell therapy is clinically approved for use in any human disease indication, patients are seeking out trials and asking clinicians for guidance. This review summarizes the current state of regenerative stem cell transplantation divided into seven conditions for which trials are currently active: demyelinating diseases/spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, macular degeneration and peripheral nerve diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: PSC and the brain.
Research Division Federal Reserve Bank of St . Louis Working Paper Series Credit Scoring and Loan Default

This paper introduces a measure of credit score performance that abstracts from the inuence of situational factors.Using this measure, we study the role and e¤ectiveness of credit scoring that underlied subprime securities during the mortgage boom of 2000-2006. Parametric and nonparametric measures of credit score performance reveal di¤erent trends, especially on originations with low credit scores. The paper demonstrates an increasing trend of reliance on credit scoring not only as a measure of credit risk but also as a means to o¤set other riskier attributes of the origination. This reliance led to deterioration in loan performance even though average credit quality as measured in terms of credit scores actually improved over the years. JEL Codes: G21, D82, D86.
Food pattern and nutritional status of children with cerebral
palsy

OBJECTIVES To assess the food intake pattern and the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 90 children from two to 12.8 years with cerebral palsy in the following forms: hemiplegia, diplegia, and tetraplegia. Nutritional status was assessed by weight, height, and age data. Food intake was verified by the 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The ability to chew and/or swallowing, intestinal habits, and physical activity were also evaluated. RESULTS For 2-3 year-old age group, the mean energy intake followed the recommended range; in 4-6 year-old age group with hemiplegia and tetraplegia, energy intake was below the recommended limits. All children presented low intake of carbohydrates, adequate intake of proteins and high intake of lipids. The tetraplegia group had a higher prevalence of chewing (41%) and swallowing (12.8%) difficulties compared to 14.5 and 6.6% of children with hemiplegia, respectively. Most children of all groups had a daily intestinal habit. All children presented mild physical activity, while moderate activity was not practiced by any child of the tetraplegia group, which had a significantly lower height/age Z score than those with hemiplegia (-2.14 versus -1.05; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The children with cerebral palsy presented inadequate dietary pattern and impaired nutritional status, with special compromise of height. Tetraplegia imposes difficulties regarding chewing/swallowing and moderate physical activity practice.
Cell surface lactate receptor GPR81 is crucial for cancer cell survival.

The mechanisms that allow cancer cells to adapt to the typical tumor microenvironment of low oxygen and glucose and high lactate are not well understood. GPR81 is a lactate receptor recently identified in adipose and muscle cells that has not been investigated in cancer. In the current study, we examined GPR81 expression and function in cancer cells. We found that GPR81 was present in colon, breast, lung, hepatocellular, salivary gland, cervical, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Examination of tumors resected from patients with pancreatic cancer indicated that 94% (148 of 158) expressed high levels of GPR81. Functionally, we observed that the reduction of GPR81 levels using shRNA-mediated silencing had little effect on pancreatic cancer cells cultured in high glucose, but led to the rapid death of cancer cells cultured in conditions of low glucose supplemented with lactate. We also observed that lactate addition to culture media induced the expression of genes involved in lactate metabolism, including monocarboxylase transporters in control, but not in GPR81-silenced cells. In vivo, GPR81 expression levels correlated with the rate of pancreatic cancer tumor growth and metastasis. Cells in which GPR81 was silenced showed a dramatic decrease in growth and metastasis. Implantation of cancer cells in vivo was also observed to lead to greatly elevated levels of GPR81. These data support that GPR81 is important for cancer cell regulation of lactate transport mechanisms. Furthermore, lactate transport is important for the survival of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5301-10. ©2014 AACR.
Transient Operation of a Four-Leg Inverter for Autonomous Applications With Unbalanced Load

In this paper, the transient operation of a four-leg inverter equipped with an innovative control strategy under unbalanced load conditions is investigated. The inverter is proposed for transformerless hybrid power system applications, in order to provide simultaneous supply of three-phase and single-phase AC loads with balanced voltage and constant frequency. The four-leg inverter is controlled to ensure balanced voltage by means of a control strategy based on the decomposition of the supply three-phase voltage and current into instantaneous positive, negative, and homopolar sequence components using phasor representation. These three sequences are controlled independently in their own reference frames as DC signals. The implementation derived for the controller design is also described. The transient operation performance of the proposed control strategy has been tested in simulations with an average model and experimentally using a laboratory prototype.
Inter-scan variability of coronary artery calcium scoring assessed on 64-multidetector computed tomography vs. dual-source computed tomography: a head-to-head comparison.

AIMS
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring has emerged as a tool for risk stratification and potentially for monitoring response to risk factor modification. Therefore, repeat measurements should provide robust results and low inter-scanner variability for allowing meaningful comparison. The purpose of this study was to investigate inter-scanner variability of CAC for Agatston, volume, and mass scores by head-to-head comparison using two different cardiac computed tomography scanners: 64-detector multislice CT (MSCT) and 64-slice dual-source CT (DSCT).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Thirty patients underwent CAC measurements on both 64-MSCT (GE LightSpeed XT scanner: 120 kV, 70 mAs, 2.5 mm slices) and 64-DSCT (Siemens Somatom Definition: 120 kV, 80 mAs, 3 mm slices) within <100 days (0-97). Retrospective intra-scan comparison revealed an excellent correlation. The excellent intra-scan (inter-observer) agreement was documented by narrow limits of agreement and a correlation coefficient of variation (COV) of r ≥ 0.99 (P < 0.001) for all CAC scores with a low COV for both scanners (64-MSCT/64-DSCT), i.e. Agatston (2.0/2.1%), mass (3.0/2.0%), and volume (4.7/3.9%). Inter-scanner comparison revealed larger Bland-Altman (BA) limits of agreement, despite high correlation (r ≥ 0.97) for all scores, with COV at 15.1, 21.6, and 44.9% for Agatston, mass, and volume scores. The largest BA limits were observed for volume scores (-1552.8 to 574.2), which was massively improved (-241.0 to 300.4, COV 11.5%) after reanalysing the 64-DSCT scans (Siemens) with GE software/workstation (while Siemens software/workstation does not allow cross-vendor analysis). Phantom measurements confirmed overestimation of volume scores by 'syngo Ca-Scoring' (Siemens) software which should therefore be reviewed (vendor has been notified).


CONCLUSION
Intra- and inter-scan agreement of CAC measurement in a given data set is excellent. Inter-scanner variability is reasonable, particularly for Agatston units in the clinically most relevant range <1000. The use of different software solutions has a greater influence particularly on volume scores than the use of different scanner types.
Recent Progress on PEDOT-Based Thermoelectric Materials

The thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based materials have attracted attention recently because of their remarkable electrical conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit. In this review, we summarize recent efforts toward improving the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT-based materials. We also discuss thermoelectric measurement techniques and several unsolved problems with the PEDOT system such as the effect of water absorption from the air and the anisotropic thermoelectric properties. In the last part, we describe our work on improving the power output of thermoelectric modules by using PEDOT, and we outline the potential applications of polymer thermoelectric generators.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients. A retrospective multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the incidence of VTE in hospitalized medical patients and prophylaxis applied in accordance with the 8th ACCP guidelines and the National PRETEMED guide for thromboprophylaxis.


METHODS
Discharge lists were reviewed to select the first consecutive 20 patients, aged ≥ 40 years and admitted ≥ 4 days to the Internal Medicine Departments of 79 Spanish hospitals. Exclusion criteria were: admission for diagnostic procedures, VTE or surgical illness, or care during hospitalization provided by the local investigator.


RESULTS
From September 2011 to July 2012, 2845 discharge reports were evaluated and 1623 were considered eligible for the study. Overall 930 (57.3%) patients of this group were at risk of VTE according to the ACCP guidelines, 759 (81.6%) received VTE prophylaxis (mechanical or pharmacological) and 159 (17.1%) had at least one risk factor that might contraindicate anticoagulant use. The proportion of patients at VTE risk according to the ACCP and National PRETEMED guidelines with no risk factors of bleeding that did not receive prophylaxis was 16.3% and 17.2%, respectively. During hospitalization, there were 14 (0.9%) episodes of symptomatic VTE, 12 (86%) of which occurred in patients receiving prophylaxis. VTE rate was 1.3% among patients with VTE risk that received prophylaxis and 3.5% in patients that also had one risk factor that might contraindicate anticoagulant use.


CONCLUSIONS
In a setting characterized by high thromboprophylaxis compliance most of the episodes occurred in patients receiving pharmacological prophylaxis. Patients with combined VTE and bleeding risk factors showed the highest rate of both symptomatic VTE and prophylaxis failure.
Social Network Analysis techniques: implications for information and knowledge sharing in virtual learning communities

This paper employs social network techniques to analyze patterns of interactions critical to information and knowledge sharing among learners in a virtual learning community. Drawing from the results of our analysis, fundamental variables which are more likely to affect information and knowledge sharing in virtual learning communities are explored and future research initiatives to pursue these issues is presented.
Central coherence in full recovery of anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE
This study examined central coherence as a possible endophenotype in a large sample of women recovered from anorexia nervosa (rec AN). Recovery was defined by considering physiological, behavioural and psychological variables.


METHOD
A total of 100 rec AN women and 100 healthy women completed the Rey Complex Figure Test, a measure for visual-spatial central coherence. The participants were matched 1:1 for age and educational level.


RESULTS
Compared with the healthy control group, the rec AN group showed better accuracy in the copy condition. There was a trend for a local strategy in the rec AN group compared with a global strategy in the healthy control group.


CONCLUSIONS
This sample of rec AN women showed no inefficiencies in global processing but a superior local processing after full recovery from AN.