LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction.

BACKGROUND
Although mindfulness meditation interventions have recently shown benefits for reducing stress in various populations, little is known about their relative efficacy compared with relaxation interventions.


PURPOSE
This randomized controlled trial examines the effects of a 1-month mindfulness meditation versus somatic relaxation training as compared to a control group in 83 students (M age = 25; 16 men and 67 women) reporting distress.


METHOD
Psychological distress, positive states of mind, distractive and ruminative thoughts and behaviors, and spiritual experience were measured, while controlling for social desirability.


RESULTS
Hierarchical linear modeling reveals that both meditation and relaxation groups experienced significant decreases in distress as well as increases in positive mood states over time, compared with the control group (p < .05 in all cases). There were no significant differences between meditation and relaxation on distress and positive mood states over time. Effect sizes for distress were large for both meditation and relaxation (Cohen's d = 1.36 and .91, respectively), whereas the meditation group showed a larger effect size for positive states of mind than relaxation (Cohen's d =.71 and .25, respectively). The meditation group also demonstrated significant pre-post decreases in both distractive and ruminative thoughts/behaviors compared with the control group (p < .04 in all cases; Cohen's d = .57 for rumination and .25 for distraction for the meditation group), with mediation models suggesting that mindfulness meditation's effects on reducing distress were partially mediated by reducing rumination. No significant effects were found for spiritual experience.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that compared with a no-treatment control, brief training in mindfulness meditation or somatic relaxation reduces distress and improves positive mood states. However, mindfulness meditation may be specific in its ability to reduce distractive and ruminative thoughts and behaviors, and this ability may provide a unique mechanism by which mindfulness meditation reduces distress.
Web personalization research: an information systems perspective

Purpose – Web personalization has been studied in different streams of research such as Marketing, Human Computer Interaction and Computer Science. However, an information systems perspective of web personalization research is very scarcely visible in this body of knowledge. This research review seeks to address two important questions: how has web personalization evolved as an integrative discipline? How has web personalization been treated in IS literature and where should researchers focus next? Design/methodology/approach – The paper intently follows an information systems perspective in its thematic classification of web personalization research which is consistent with the early conceptualization of information systems by logically mapping IS categories into web personalization research streams. Articles from 100 þ journals were analyzed and important concepts related to web personalization were classified from an information systems perspective. Findings – Surrounding the theme of web personalization two parallel streams of research evolved. First stream consisted of internet business models, computer science algorithms and web mining. Second stream focussed on human computer Interaction studies, user modelling and targeted marketing. Future information systems researchers in web personalization must focus on four important areas of social media, web development methodologies, emerging Internet accessing gadgets and domains other than e-Commerce. Originality/value – Web personalization has been studied previously in separate research streams. But no integrated view from different research streams exists. Although research interest in web mining has been growing as evidenced by growing number of publications an information systems perspective of web personalization research is very scarcely visible in the body of knowledge. The authors intently follow an information systems perspective in their thematic classification of web personalization research which is consistent with the early conceptualization of information systems by logically mapping IS categories into web personalization research streams. This thematic segregation of different research streams into IS framework makes our study distinct from other early reviews. They also identify four important areas where future IS researchers should focus on.
Research on Sustainable Development of Urban Water Conservation

In this paper,the author introduced the urban water as well as concept and meaning of sustainable de-velopment.Also the author proposed some countermeasures on the sustainable development of urban water conser-vation such as improving the flood control system,strengthening water conservation and water pollution control as well as strengthening ecological and environmental protection.
Quantification of Protein Interactions and Solution Transport Using High-Density GMR Sensor Arrays

Monitoring the kinetics of protein interactions on a high-density sensor array is vital to drug development and proteomic analysis. Label-free kinetic assays based on surface plasmon resonance are the current gold standard, but they have poor detection limits, suffer from non-specific binding, and are not amenable to high-throughput analyses. Here, we show that magnetically responsive nanosensors that have been scaled to over 100,000 sensors per cm² can be used to measure the binding kinetics of various proteins with high spatial and temporal resolution. We present an analytical model that describes the binding of magnetically labelled antibodies to proteins that are immobilized on the sensor surface. This model is able to quantify the kinetics of antibody-antigen binding at sensitivities as low as 20 zeptomoles of solute.
Visual object-action recognition: Inferring object affordances from human demonstration

This paper investigates object categorization according to function, i.e., learning the affordances of objects from human demonstration. Object affordances (functionality) are inferred from observations of humans using the objects in different types of actions. The intended application is learning from demonstration, in which a robot learns to employ objects in household tasks, from observing a human performing the same tasks with the objects. We present a method for categorizing manipulated objects and human manipulation actions in context of each other. The method is able to simultaneously segment and classify human hand actions, and detect and classify the objects involved in the action. This can serve as an initial step in a learning from demonstration method. Experiments show that the contextual information improves the classification of both objects and actions. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Drugs and drug-like molecules can modulate the function of mucosal-associated invariant T cells

The major-histocompatibility-complex-(MHC)-class-I-related molecule MR1 can present activating and non-activating vitamin-B-based ligands to mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells). Whether MR1 binds other ligands is unknown. Here we identified a range of small organic molecules, drugs, drug metabolites and drug-like molecules, including salicylates and diclofenac, as MR1-binding ligands. Some of these ligands inhibited MAIT cells ex vivo and in vivo, while others, including diclofenac metabolites, were agonists. Crystal structures of a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) from a MAIT cell in complex with MR1 bound to the non-stimulatory and stimulatory compounds showed distinct ligand orientations and contacts within MR1, which highlighted the versatility of the MR1 binding pocket. The findings demonstrated that MR1 was able to capture chemically diverse structures, spanning mono- and bicyclic compounds, that either inhibited or activated MAIT cells. This indicated that drugs and drug-like molecules can modulate MAIT cell function in mammals.
Developmental disorders of the dentition: an update.

Dental anomalies are common congenital malformations that can occur either as isolated findings or as part of a syndrome. This review focuses on genetic causes of abnormal tooth development and the implications of these abnormalities for clinical care. As an introduction, we describe general insights into the genetics of tooth development obtained from mouse and zebrafish models. This is followed by a discussion of isolated as well as syndromic tooth agenesis, including Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), ectodermal dysplasias (EDs), oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome type I, Rieger syndrome, holoprosencephaly, and tooth anomalies associated with cleft lip and palate. Next, we review delayed formation and eruption of teeth, as well as abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and form. Finally, isolated and syndromic causes of supernumerary teeth are considered, including cleidocranial dysplasia and Gardner syndrome.
The comparisons of data mining techniques for the predictive accuracy of probability of default of credit card clients

This research aimed at the case of customers’ default payments in Taiwan and compares the predictive accuracy of probability of default among six data mining methods. From the perspective of risk management, the result of predictive accuracy of the estimated probability of default will be more valuable than the binary result of classification credible or not credible clients. Because the real probability of default is unknown, this study presented the novel ‘‘Sorting Smoothing Method” to estimate the real probability of default. With the real probability of default as the response variable (Y), and the predictive probability of default as the independent variable (X), the simple linear regression result (Y = A + BX) shows that the forecasting model produced by artificial neural network has the highest coefficient of determination; its regression intercept (A) is close to zero, and regression coefficient (B) to one. Therefore, among the six data mining techniques, artificial neural network is the only one that can accurately estimate the real probability of default. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Icing flashover characteristics and discharge process of 500 kV AC transmission line suspension insulator strings

The icing flashover characteristics and discharge processes of 500 kV ac transmission line long insulator strings energized in the ice accretion were studied. The influence of pollution and grading rings (including simulated conductor) on heavy ice-covered insulators¿ flashover voltage were considered in this paper. Based on the artificial icing test results, it was found that 1) under the severe icing conditions and three salt deposit density (SDD) levels of PSDD=0.1, 0.05, 0.025 mg/cm2, compared with 500 kV transmission line rated phase to ground voltage, the flashover voltages of 28 units XWP2-160 porcelain double-shed insulator are 20.5% lower, 13.1% lower and 2.3% higher respectively; and the values of the FXBW4-500/160 composite insulator are 18.7% lower, 12.0% lower and 4.3% higher respectively. 2) equipped with the given grading ring and simulated conductor the icing flashover stress of 28 units XWP2-160 is lower than those without grading ring and simulated conductor under the three pollution degrees. The discharge process of the icing flashover and relevant factors were investigated also, which shows that 1) the locations of the air gaps on icing insulators are not completely random. 2) arcs on long insulator strings require more time to reach a critical length, hence, the arc propagation might be easily influenced by the decreasing of melted water conductivity and ice shedding than short insulator strings.
An Empirical Assessment of Refactoring Impact on Software Quality Using a Hierarchical Quality Model

Software refactoring is a collection of reengineering activities that aims to improve software quality. Refactorings are commonly used in agile software processes to improve software quality after a significant software development or evolution. There is belief that refactoring improves quality factors such as understandability, flexibility, and reusability. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support such assumptions. The aim of this study is to confirm such claims using a hierarchal quality model. We study the effect of software refactoring on software quality. We provide details of our findings as heuristics that can help software developers make more informed decisions about what refactorings to perform in regard to improve a particular quality factor. We validate the proposed heuristics in an empirical setting on two open-source systems. We found that the majority of refactoring heuristics do improve quality; however some heuristics do not have a positive impact on all software quality factors. In addition, we found that the impact analysis of refactorings divides software measures into two categories: high and low impacted measures. These categories help in the endeavor to know the best measures that can be used to identify refactoring candidates. We validated our findings on two open-source systems—Eclipse and Struts. For both systems, we found consistency between the heuristics and the actual refactorings.
Automated Essay Scoring: A Literature Review

Introduction In recent decades, large-scale English language proficiency testing and testing research have seen an increased interest in constructed-response essay-writing items (Aschbacher, 1991; Powers, Burstein, Chodorow, Fowles, & Kukich, 2001; Weigle, 2002). The TOEFL iBT, for example, includes two constructed-response writing tasks, one of which is an integrative task requiring the test-taker to write in response to information delivered both aurally and in written form (Educational Testing Service, n.d.). Similarly, the IELTS academic test requires test-takers to write in response to a question that relates to a chart or graph that the test-taker must read and interpret (International English Language Testing System, n.d.). Theoretical justification for the use of such integrative, constructed-response tasks (i.e., tasks which require the test-taker to draw upon information received through several modalities in support of a communicative function) date back to at least the early 1960’s. Carroll (1961, 1972) argued that tests which measure linguistic knowledge alone fail to predict the knowledge and abilities that score users are most likely to be interested in, i.e., prediction of actual use of language knowledge for communicative purposes in specific contexts:
In-session exposure tasks and therapeutic alliance across the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.

The study examined the shape of therapeutic alliance using latent growth curve modeling and data from multiple informants (therapist, child, mother, father). Children (n = 86) with anxiety disorders were randomized to family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (FCBT; N = 47) with exposure tasks or to family education, support, and attention (FESA; N = 39). Children in FCBT engaged in exposure tasks in Sessions 9-16, whereas FESA participants did not. Alliance growth curves of FCBT and FESA youths were compared to examine the impact of exposure tasks on the shape of the alliance (between-subjects). Within FCBT, the shape of alliance prior to exposure tasks was compared with the shape of alliance following exposure tasks (within-subjects). Therapist, child, mother, and father alliance ratings indicated significant growth in the alliance across treatment sessions. Initial alliance growth was steep and subsequently slowed over time, regardless of the use of exposure tasks. Data did not indicate a rupture in the therapeutic alliance following the introduction of in-session exposures. Results are discussed in relation to the processes, mediators, and ingredients of efficacious interventions as well as in terms of the dissemination of empirically supported treatments.
Comparing tobacco use among incoming recruits and military personnel on active duty in the United States.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the tobacco use profile of recruits with that of military personnel on active duty to determine whether the military environment in some way induces service members to initiate tobacco use.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Cross-sectional survey of United States armed forces active duty and recruit personnel in 1994-95.


SUBJECTS
2711 military recruits and 4603 military personnel on active duty.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Comparative cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use prevalence between recruits and personnel on active duty controlling for age, sex, and race. Impact of demographic factors on the odds of smoking or using smokeless tobacco.


RESULTS
Increases in tobacco use in American military personnel occurred exclusively in men. The highest tobacco use resided with white men on active duty (43% cigarette smoking; 24% smokeless tobacco use) and represents a doubling of tobacco use seen among white male recruits. Among non-white men, tobacco use increased 2-4 times between recruits and personnel on active duty.


CONCLUSIONS
Efforts to reduce tobacco use by American military personnel on active duty should focus more on discouraging the initiation of tobacco use.
Segmentation of stock trading customers according to potential value

In this article, we use three clustering methods (K-means, self-organizing map, and fuzzy K-means) to find properly graded stock market brokerage commission rates based on the 3-month long total trades of two different transaction modes (representative assisted and online trading system). Stock traders for both modes are classified in terms of the amount of the total trade as well as the amount of trade of each transaction mode, respectively. Results of our empirical analysis indicate that fuzzy K-means cluster analysis is the most robust approach for segmentation of customers of both transaction modes. We then propose a decision tree based rule to classify three groups of customers and suggest different brokerage commission rates of 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5% for representative assisted mode and 0.06, 0.1, and 0.18% for online trading system, respectively. q 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Spectrum of Retinal Vascular Diseases Associated With Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the spectrum of retinal diseases that can demonstrate paracentral acute middle maculopathy and isolated ischemia of the intermediate and deep capillary plexus.


DESIGN
Retrospective, multicenter, observational case series.


METHODS
This is a retrospective case series review of 9 patients (10 eyes) from 5 centers with paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions and previously unreported retinal vascular etiologies. Case presentations and multimodal imaging, including color photographs, near-infrared reflectance, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), and orbital color Doppler imaging, are described. Baseline and follow-up findings are correlated with clinical presentation, demographics, and systemic associations.


RESULTS
Five men and 4 women, aged 27-66 years, were included. Isolated band-like hyperreflective lesions in the middle retinal layers, otherwise known as paracentral acute middle maculopathy, were observed in all patients at baseline presentation. Follow-up SD OCT analysis of these paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions demonstrated subsequent thinning of the inner nuclear layer. Novel retinal vascular associations leading to retinal vasculopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy include eye compression injury causing global ocular ischemia, sickle cell crisis, Purtscher's retinopathy, inflammatory occlusive retinal vasculitis, post-H1N1 vaccine, hypertensive retinopathy, migraine disorder, and post-upper respiratory infection.


CONCLUSION
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions may develop in a wide spectrum of retinal vascular diseases. They are best identified with SD OCT analysis and may represent ischemia of the intermediate and deep capillary plexus. These lesions typically result in permanent thinning of the inner nuclear layer and are critical to identify in order to determine the cause of unexplained vision loss.
Trust establishment in cooperative wireless networks

In cooperative wireless networks, relay nodes are used to improve the channel capacity of the system. However, the presence of malicious relays in the network may severely degrade the performance of the system. More specifically, there exists a possibility that a node refuses to cooperate when it is selected for cooperation or deliberately drop the received packets. Trust establishment is a mechanism to detect misbehaving nodes in a network. In this paper, we propose a trust establishment method for cooperative wireless networks using Bayesian framework. In contrast with previous schemes, this approach takes the channel state information and relay selection policy into account to derive a pure trust value for each relay node. The proposed method can be applied to any system with a general relay selection policy whose decisions in each cooperative transmission are independent of the previous ones. Moreover, it does not impose additional communication overhead on the system as it uses the available information in relay selection procedure.
Do empowered stroke patients perform better at self-management and functional recovery after a stroke? A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Self-management after a stroke is a challenge because of multifaceted care needs and complex disabling consequences that cause further hindrance to patient participation. A 13-week stroke patient empowerment intervention (Health Empowerment Intervention for Stroke Self-management [HEISS]) was developed to enhance patients' ability to participate in self-management.


PURPOSE
To examine the effects of the empowerment intervention on stroke patients' self-efficacy, self-management behavior, and functional recovery.


METHODS
This is a single-blind randomized controlled trial with stroke survivors assigned to either a control group (CG) receiving usual ambulatory rehabilitation care or the HEISS in addition to usual care (intervention group [IG]). Outcome data were collected at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) postintervention. Data were analyzed on the intention-to-treat principle. The generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the differential change of self-efficacy in illness management, self-management behaviors (cognitive symptom management, communication with physician, medication adherence, and self-blood pressure monitoring), and functional recovery (Barthel and Lawton indices) across time points (baseline = T0, 1 week = T1, 3 months = T2, and 6 months = T3 postintervention) between the two groups.


RESULTS
A total of 210 (CG =105, IG =105) Hong Kong Chinese stroke survivors (mean age =69 years, 49% women, 72% ischemic stroke, 89% hemiparesis, and 63% tactile sensory deficit) were enrolled in the study. Those in IG reported better self-efficacy in illness management 3-month (P=0.011) and 6-month (P=0.012) postintervention, along with better self-management behaviors at all follow-up time points (all P<0.05), apart from medication adherence (P>0.05). Those in IG had significantly better functional recovery (Barthel, all P<0.05; Lawton, all P<0.001), compared to CG. The overall dropout rate was 16.7%.


CONCLUSION
Patient empowerment intervention (HEISS) may influence self-efficacy in illness management and improve self-management behavior and functional recovery of stroke survivors. Furthermore, the HEISS can be conducted in parallel with existing ambulatory stroke rehabilitation services and provide added value in sustaining stroke self-management and functional improvement in the long term.