LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Investment decisions in the renewable energy sector : An analysis of non-fi nancial drivers

Article history: Received 1 April 2011 Received in revised form 21 June 2012 Accepted 12 August 2012 Available online 30 August 2012 Notwithstanding their many environmental, economic and social advantages, renewable energy technologies (RE) account for a small fraction of the world's primary energy supply. One possible cause for this limited diffusion is that private investments in the RE sector, although potentially appealing, remain insufficient. The lack of adequate financing is also a clear indication that our understanding of the process by which investors fund RE ventures is still incomplete. This paper aims to fill in this gap and to shed new light on RE investment decisions. Building upon behavioral finance and institutional theory, we posit that, in addition to a rational evaluation of the economics of the investment opportunities, various non-financial factors affect the decision to invest in renewables. We analyze the investment decisions of a large sample of investors, with the objective to identify the main determinants of their choices. Our results shed new light on the role of institutional and behavioral factors in determining the share of renewable energy technologies in energy portfolios, and have important implications for both investors and policy makers: they suggest that RE technologies still suffer from a series of biased perceptions and preconceptions that favor status quo energy production models over innovative alternatives. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Adaptive Radiations: There's Something About Finches

A phylogenetic tree for the extant Hawaiian honeycreepers charts their diversification over the past 6 million years.
[Epidemiology of candidemia: a one-year prospective observational study in the west of France].

OBJECTIVE
A one-year prospective, observational study was conducted in the west of France, to evaluate the epidemiology of candidemia.


METHOD
During the year 2004, each patient with at least one blood culture yielding Candida sp. was included. For each episode of candidemia, mycological, demographical, clinical, and therapeutic data, as well as outcome, were collected.


RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-three strains of Candida sp. were isolated in 186 patients, Candida albicans accounting for 54.9%, Candida glabrata for 18.7%, Candida parapsilosis for 12.9%, Candida tropicalis for 4.7% and Candida krusei for 4.1% of these isolates. A percentage of 84% of the Candida isolates were fully susceptible to fluconazole in vitro. Dose-dependent susceptibility or resistance to fluconazole was detected in more than one third of the Candida glabrata strains, of which 36% were also resistant to voriconazole. Two-thirds of the patients were males, and the mean age was 61.5 years. A percentage of 37% of patients were hospitalized in intensive care units. The main predisposing factors for candidemia were broad-spectrum antibiotics (75.8%), central venous catheter (72.6%), cancer or hematologic malignancy (47.3%), recent surgery (42.5%), total parenteral nutrition (37.6%). One hundred and fifty-four patients were treated with antifungal therapy, two-thirds of whom received fluconazole as first-line agent. Mortality was 49% overall, and was significantly higher in case of septic shock, advanced age, and absence of catheter removal.
AquaLog: An ontology-driven question answering system for organizational semantic intranets

The semantic web vision is one in which rich, ontology-based semantic markup will become widely available. The availability of semantic arkup on the web opens the way to novel, sophisticated forms of question answering. AquaLog is a portable question-answering system which akes queries expressed in natural language and an ontology as input, and returns answers drawn from one or more knowledge bases (KBs). We ay that AquaLog is portable because the configuration time required to customize the system for a particular ontology is negligible. AquaLog resents an elegant solution in which different strategies are combined together in a novel way. It makes use of the GATE NLP platform, string etric algorithms, WordNet and a novel ontology-based relation similarity service to make sense of user queries with respect to the target KB. oreover it also includes a learning component, which ensures that the performance of the system improves over the time, in response to the articular community jargon used by end users. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mobilisation of Hematopoietic CD34+ Precursor Cells in Patients with Acute Stroke Is Safe - Results of an Open-Labeled Non Randomized Phase I/II Trial

BACKGROUND
Regenerative strategies in the treatment of acute stroke may have great potential. Hematopoietic growth factors mobilize hematopoietic stem cells and may convey neuroprotective effects. We examined the safety, potential functional and structural changes, and CD34(+) cell-mobilization characteristics of G-CSF treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Three cohorts of patients (8, 6, and 6 patients per cohort) were treated subcutaneously with 2.5, 5, or 10 µg/kg body weight rhG-CSF for 5 consecutive days within 12 hrs of onset of acute stroke. Standard treatment included i.v. thrombolysis. Safety monitoring consisted of obtaining standardized clinical assessment scores, monitoring of CD34(+) stem cells, blood chemistry, serial neuroradiology, and neuropsychology. Voxel-guided morphometry (VGM) enabled an assessment of changes in the patients' structural parenchyma. 20 patients (mean age 55 yrs) were enrolled in this study, 5 of whom received routine thrombolytic therapy with r-tPA. G-CSF treatment was discontinued in 4 patients because of unrelated adverse events. Mobilization of CD34(+) cells was observed with no concomitant changes in blood chemistry, except for an increase in the leukocyte count up to 75,500/µl. Neuroradiological and neuropsychological follow-up studies did not disclose any specific G-CSF toxicity. VGM findings indicated substantial atrophy of related hemispheres, a substantial increase in the CSF space, and a localized increase in parenchyma within the ischemic area in 2 patients.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate a good safety profile for daily administration of G-CSF when begun within 12 hours after onset of ischemic stroke and, in part in combination with routine i.v. thrombolysis. Additional analyses using VGM and a battery of neuropsychological tests indicated a positive functional and potentially structural effect of G-CSF treatment in some of our patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
German Clinical Trial Register DRKS 00000723.
Integrating dataflow evaluation into a practical higher-order call-by-value language

ion to yield the following: (if (zero?#(struct:sig2 . . . )) (add1seconds)
Non-Overlapping Codes

We say that a q-ary length n code is non-overlapping if the set of non-trivial prefixes of codewords and the set of non-trivial suffices of codewords are disjoint. These codes were first studied by Levenshtein in 1964, motivated by applications in synchronization. More recently these codes were independently invented (under the name cross-bifix-free codes) by Bajic and Stojanovic. We provide a simple construction for a class of non-overlapping codes which has optimal cardinality whenever n divides q. Moreover, for all parameters n and q, we show that a code from this class is close to optimal, in the sense that it has cardinality within a constant factor of an upper bound due to Levenshtein from 1970. Previous constructions have cardinality within a constant factor of the upper bound only when q is fixed. Chee, Kiah, Purkayastha, and Wang showed that a q-ary length n non-overlapping code contains at most qn/(2n-1) codewords; this bound is weaker than the Levenshtein bound. Their proof appealed to the application in synchronization: we provide a direct combinatorial argument to establish the bound of Chee et al. We also consider codes of short length, finding the leading term of the maximal cardinality of a non-overlapping code when n is fixed and q → ∞. The largest cardinality of non-overlapping codes of lengths 3 or less is determined exactly.
SAVINGS INCENTIVES FOR LOW‐AND MODERATE‐INCOME FAMILIES IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY IS THE SAVER'S CREDIT NOT MORE EFFECTIVE?

This paper uses data from the largest tax preparer in the United States to estimate the impact of the "saver's credit," a US federal program providing financial incentives to encourage retirement savings, on the decision to contribute to an IRA. It finds significant, but very modest, effects. This is contrasted with results from a field experiment showing much larger impacts of clearly presented matching incentives. Various explanations are discussed for why the saver's credit is not more effective. (JEL: H00, H31, C93, D14) (c) 2007 by the European Economic Association.
Compressive Sensing With Prior Information: Requirements and Probabilities of Reconstruction in  ${\mbi \ell}_{\bf 1}$-Minimization

In compressive sensing, prior information about the sparse representation's support reduces the theoretical minimum number of measurements that allows perfect reconstruction. This theoretical lower bound corresponds to the ideal reconstruction procedure based on <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\ell_0}$</tex> </formula>-minimization, which is not practical for most real-life signals. In this paper, we show that this type of prior information also improves the probability of reconstruction from limited linear measurements when using the more practical <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\ell_1}$</tex> </formula>-minimization procedure, for the same considered stochastic signal. In order to prove this result, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for signal reconstruction by <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\ell_1}$</tex> </formula>-minimization when using prior information. We then prove that the lower bound for the probability of attaining these conditions increases with the number of support locations in the prior information set, and obtain the expression for the final probability of reconstruction under specific conditions. Our theoretical results are then compared to empirical probabilities obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we present numerical reconstructions with and without prior information, as well as a simulation to illustrate how prior information can be used to improve reconstruction, for example, in the context of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.
Central processing of tactile and nociceptive stimuli in complex regional pain syndrome

OBJECTIVE
Patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) suffer from continuous regional limb pain and from hyperesthesia to touch and pain. To better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the hyperesthesia of CRPS patients, we investigated their cortical processing of touch and acute pain.


METHODS
Cortical responses to tactile stimuli applied to the thumbs, index and little fingers (D1, D2, and D5) and nociceptive stimuli delivered to dorsa of the hands were recorded with a whole-scalp neuromagnetometer from eight chronic CRPS patients and from nine healthy control subjects.


RESULTS
In the patients, primary somatosensory (SI) cortex activation to tactile stimulation of D2 was significantly stronger, and the D1-D5 distance in SI was significantly smaller for the painful hand compared to the healthy hand. The PPC activation to tactile stimulation was significantly weaker in the patients than in the control subjects. To nociceptive stimulation with equal laser energy, the secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) were similarly activated in both groups. The PPC source strength correlated with the pain rating in the control subjects, but not in the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The enhanced SI activation in hyperesthetic CRPS patients may reflect central sensitization to touch. The decreased D1-D5 distance implies permanent changes in SI hand representations in chronic CRPS. The defective PPC activation could be associated with the neglect-like symptoms of the patients. As the SII and PPC responses were not enhanced in the CRPS patients, other brain areas are likely to contribute to the observed hyperesthesia to pain.


SIGNIFICANCE
Our results indicate changes of somatosensory processing at cortical level in CRPS.
Inverted Sine Carrier Pulse Width Modulation for Fundamental Fortification in DC-AC Converters

This paper deals with a novel natural sampled pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategy for voltage source inverter (VSI) through carrier wave modification. The proposed inverted sine carrier PWM (ISCPWM) method uses a sinusoidal reference signal and an inverted sine carrier which has better spectral quality and higher output limit as compared to the conventional sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), without any pulse dropping. The ISCPWM strategy reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) without hampering device switching losses. It also enhances the fundamental output voltage particularly at lower modulation index. The paper also presents mathematical analysis to bring out the salient features of the proposed scheme. The detailed comparison of ISCPWM and SPWM has been also presented.
Venturing Innovation , rule breaking and the ethics of entrepreneurship

This article examines a feature of the ethics of entrepreneurship that is infrequently directly discussed, viz., rule breaking. Entrepreneurs are widely said to engage in rule breaking. Many examples of this appear in popular and academic literature. But howmay this be integrated into an account of the ethics of entrepreneurship? One response would be that when entrepreneurs break legal and moral rules then what they do is wrong and ought to be condemned. There is a great deal to be said for this rule model of entrepreneurial ethics. However, this view is also mistaken. Instead, this article defends a virtue-based account of the ethics of entrepreneurship in which certain instances of rule breaking, even if morally wrong, are nevertheless ethically acceptable and part of the creative destruction that entrepreneurs bring not only to the economy but also to morality. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Physical therapists' guideline adherence on early mobilization and intensity of practice at dutch acute stroke units: a country-wide survey.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Clinical practice guidelines for patients with stroke recommend early stroke rehabilitation at acute hospital stroke units. The present study aimed to (1) explore the organization of early stroke rehabilitation; (2) investigate current practice with respect to early mobilization and augmented exercise therapy time; and (3) identify the perceived barriers to and facilitators for guideline adherence as reported by physical therapists (PTs) working on acute hospital stroke units.


METHODS
All 96 Dutch acute hospital stroke units were requested to assign one PT for participation in the survey.


RESULTS
Of the 96 contacted PTs, 91 returned the questionnaire. Seventy-one percent of acute hospital stroke units reported that out-of-bed mobilization of patients was performed within 24 hours. PTs provided a mean of 22 minutes of physical therapy per weekday and weekend therapy was not standard practice. PTs reported having sufficient knowledge of and experience with the clinical practice guidelines for patients with stroke and reported that the clinical practice guidelines for patients with stroke left enough room for them to draw their own conclusions and to take patient preferences into account. PTs perceived insufficient time to comply with the clinical practice guidelines for patients with stroke and a need for financial compensation to realize human resources.


CONCLUSIONS
Our national survey among PTs suggests that the organization of early stroke rehabilitation varies considerably and that early mobilization and intensity of practice in early stroke rehabilitation are not optimal. Addressing this problem requires agreement between hospital management boards and insurance companies about minimum services and resources required and the introduction of novel methods of increasing duration of exercise therapy with minimal use of resources.
A Study of Fonts Designed for Screen Display

This study examined the readabiity.and subjective preferences of a set of fonts designed for screen display. Two new binary bitmap fonts performed well, suggesting that designers hould consider incorporating similar attributes into default fonts for online type.
High-dose methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

BACKGROUND
The dose of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in elderly patients often has to be reduced, resulting in a loss of treatment efficacy. We evaluated HDMTX-related toxicity with special regard to age distribution in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in a phase IV multicenter trial.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
One hundred and fifty-four patients (median age 61 years; 89 patients >60 years old, 21 patients >70 years old) received 619 HDMTX cycles. Toxicity was evaluated prospectively using the WHO classification. Unless a reduced dose was required after calculating a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the patients received 4 g/m(2) HDMTX followed by leucovorin rescue.


RESULTS
Toxicity was generally mild with toxicities of WHO grade > or =3 usually <10%. The differences in the incidence and severity of toxicity were not statistically significant between patients >60 years and < or =60 years old. The same was true for therapy termination owing to MTX toxicity and for delayed serum MTX clearance. Dose reduction significantly differed between patients < or =60 years and those >60 years old (18% versus 44%; P = 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
HDMTX is a safe treatment for PCNSL patients regardless of age, with adherence to dose reduction determined by calculating the GFR before each treatment cycle.
Efficacy of alirocumab in high cardiovascular risk populations with or without heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Pooled analysis of eight ODYSSEY Phase 3 clinical program trials.

OBJECTIVES
Despite maximally tolerated statin therapy, many patients with high cardiovascular risk, with or without heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia may require additional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction. We report pooled alirocumab (ALI) efficacy and safety data from eight Phase 3 trials in 4629 hypercholesterolemia patients, receiving background statin therapy.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Studies were pooled by ALI dose and control: ALI 75/150mg every 2weeks (Q2W; dose increased to 150mg Q2W at Week 12 based on Week 8 LDL-C) versus ezetimibe (EZE; Pool 1) or placebo (PBO; Pool 2), and ALI 150mg Q2W versus PBO (Pool 3).


RESULTS
Mean baseline LDL-C was 109 vs. 105mg/dL (Pool 1), 129 vs. 130mg/dL (Pool 2) and 126 vs. 125mg/dL (Pool 3). ALI 75/150mg Q2W reduced LDL-C by 48.9% (vs. -19.3% EZE) and 48.6% (vs. +4.2% PBO) from baseline to Week 24, and ALI 150mg Q2W reduced LDL-C by 60.4% (vs. +0.5% PBO; all p<0.0001). LDL-C reductions were sustained to Week 104. Risk-based LDL-C goals (<70mg/dL or <100mg/dL) were achieved by 78.0%, 75.2%, and 79.0% (Pool 1-3) of ALI-treated patients (vs. 52.4%, 6.4%, and 8.4%, respectively, for controls) at Week 24. Consistent reductions were observed in apolipoprotein B, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) (p<0.0001 vs. control). Common adverse events in ALI-treated patients were nasopharyngitis, injection-site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, and influenza.


CONCLUSIONS
Alirocumab treatment significantly reduced LDL-C in high cardiovascular risk patients, enabling most to achieve risk-based LDL-C goals.
Detecting and counting people in surveillance applications

A number of surveillance scenarios require the detection and tracking of people. Although person detection and counting systems are commercially available today, there is need for further research to address the challenges of real world scenarios. The focus of this work is the segmentation of groups of people into individuals. One relevant application of this algorithm is people counting. Experiments document that the presented approach leads to robust people counts.
Automated Software Test Data Generation

Abstracr-Test data generation in program testing is the process of identifying a set of test data which satisfies given testing criterion. Most of the existing test data generators 161, [It], [lo], [16], [30] use symbolic evaluation to derive test data. However, in practical programs this technique frequently requires complex algebraic manipulations, especially in the presence of arrays. In this paper we present an alternative approach of test data generation which is based on actual execution of the program under test, function minimization methods, and dynamic data flow analysis. Test data are developed for the program using actual values of input variables. When the program is executed, the program execution flow is monitored. If during program execution an undesirable execution flow is observed (e.g., the “actual” path does not correspond to the selected control path) then function minimization search algorithms are used to automatically locate the values of input variables for which the selected path is traversed. In addition, dynamic data Bow analysis is used to determine those input variables responsible for the undesirable program behavior, leading to significant speedup of the search process. The approach of generating test data is then extended to programs with dynamic data structures, and a search method based on dynamic data flow analysis and backtracking is presented. In the approach described in this paper, values of array indexes and pointers are known at each step of program execution, and this approach exploits this information to overcome difficulties of array and pointer handling; as a result, the effectiveness of test data generation can be significantly improved.
Trailer Generation via a Point Process-Based Visual Attractiveness Model

Producing attractive trailers for videos needs human expertise and creativity, and hence is challenging and costly. Different from video summarization that focuses on capturing storylines or important scenes, trailer generation aims at producing trailers that are attractive so that viewers will be eager to watch the original video. In this work, we study the problem of automatic trailer generation, in which an attractive trailer is produced given a video and a piece of music. We propose a surrogate measure of video attractiveness named fixation variance, and learn a novel self-correcting point process-based attractiveness model that can effectively describe the dynamics of attractiveness of a video. Furthermore, based on the attractiveness model learned from existing training trailers, we propose an efficient graph-based trailer generation algorithm to produce a max-attractiveness trailer. Experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art trailer generators in terms of both quality and efficiency.