LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Education Among Scheduled Tribes

The Indian Constitution identifies for special consideration certain ethnic minority groups, traditionally referred to as tribes or tribals, as Scheduled Tribes (STs) who constitute around 8 per cent of the total population of the country. There are 573 STs living in different parts of the country. Most of the tribal communities have their own languages different from the language spoken in the state where they are located. There are more than 270 such languages. The tribal languages in India belong to all major language families among which the Austric, the Dravidian, Tibeto-Chinese, and Indo European families are the dominant ones. One of the distinguishing features of STs is that the majority of them live in scattered habitations located in interior, remote, and inaccessible hilly and forest areas of the country. Nearly 22 per cent of tribal habitations have less than 100 population and more than 40 per cent have 100 to less than 300 people, while others have less than 500 people. Though tribals constitute only 8 per cent of Indian population, they constitute a majority in several states and union territories and sizeable population in others. In particular, they constitute an overwhelming majority in Mizoram (94.75 per cent), Lakshadweep (93.15 per cent), Nagaland (87.70 per cent), and Meghalaya (85.53 per cent). However, the states of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal account for 83 per cent of the total tribal population, even though non-tribals constitute the majority in these states.
The stress-reducing effect of music listening varies depending on the social context

OBJECTIVE
Given that music listening often occurs in a social context, and given that social support can be associated with a stress-reducing effect, it was tested whether the mere presence of others while listening to music enhances the stress-reducing effect of listening to music.


METHODS
A total of 53 participants responded to questions on stress, presence of others, and music listening five times per day (30min after awakening, 1100h, 1400h, 1800h, 2100h) for seven consecutive days. After each assessment, participants were asked to collect a saliva sample for the later analysis of salivary cortisol (as a marker for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and salivary alpha-amylase (as a marker for the autonomic nervous system).


RESULTS
Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that music listening per se was not associated with a stress-reducing effect. However, listening to music in the presence of others led to decreased subjective stress levels, attenuated secretion of salivary cortisol, and higher activity of salivary alpha-amylase. When listening to music alone, music that was listened to for the reason of relaxation predicted lower subjective stress.


CONCLUSION
The stress-reducing effect of music listening in daily life varies depending on the presence of others. Music listening in the presence of others enhanced the stress-reducing effect of music listening independently of reasons for music listening. Solitary music listening was stress-reducing when relaxation was stated as the reason for music listening. Thus, in daily life, music listening can be used for stress reduction purposes, with the greatest success when it occurs in the presence of others or when it is deliberately listened to for the reason of relaxation.
Perceptions of physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists about the role of acute care nurse practitioners.

BACKGROUND
Information about the contributions of acute care nurse practitioners to medical management teams in critical care settings is limited.


OBJECTIVE
To examine contributions of acute care nurse practitioners to medical management of critically ill patients from the perspectives of 3 disciplines: medicine, respiratory care, and nursing.


METHODS
Attending physicians, respiratory therapists, and nurses in 2 intensive care units were asked to list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of collaborative care provided by acute care nurse practitioners. Qualitative methods (coding/constant comparative analysis) were used to identify common themes and subthemes. Overall response rate was 35% (from 69% for attending physicians to 26% for nurses).


RESULTS
Responses were grouped into 4 main themes: accessibility, competence/knowledge, care coordination/communication, and system issues. Acute care nurse practitioners were valued for their accessibility, expertise in routine daily management of patients, and ability to meet patient/family needs, especially for "long-stay" patients. Also, they were respected for their commitment to providing quality care and for their communication skills, exemplified through teaching of nursing staff, patient/family involvement, and fluency in weaning protocols. Physicians valued acute care nurse practitioners' continuity of care, patient/family focus, and commitment. Nurses valued their accessibility, commitment, and patient/family focus. Respiratory therapists valued their accessibility, commitment, and consistency in implementing weaning protocols.


CONCLUSION
Responses reflected unique advantages of acute care nurse practitioners as members of medical management teams in critical care settings. Despite perceptions of the acute care nurse practitioner's role as medically oriented, the themes reflect a clear nursing focus.
Smooth muscle pathology and erectile dysfunction

Penile erection is a vascular phenomenon that results from smooth muscle relaxation, arterial dilation and venous restriction. The atherosclerosis of the penis that occurs with aging causes a decrease in penile oxygen tension. A reduction of smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in relation with this change in oxygen tension. Changes in the ratio of penile collagen have also been observed and could explain the decrease in penile elasticity and compliance. Chronic ischemia is, therefore, associated with fibrosis but also with nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The sensitivity of the α-adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cells increases with aging. All those modifications can explain the prevalence of erectile dysfunction with aging. Low oxygen tension in prostanoid production may also play a role in the mechanism of ischemia-induced cavernosal fibrosis; however, intracavernous injections of prostaglandin E1 do not seem to modify the intracavernous structures by reducing muscular atrophy. The effects of androgen on libido and sexual behavior are well established, but their role in the human erectile mechanism remains unclear. Several studies performed on animals have demonstrated impacts directly on both the physiological function and the trabecular structure of the corpora cavernosa in rats, dogs and rabbits. However, in humans, no study seems to demonstrate a role of testosterone on muscular atrophy or penile neurologic control. Testosterone treatment alters the human behavior but not penile physiologic processes. Further studies are necessary to explain the real role of testosterone not only on the peripheral mechanism of erection but also on the central control.
Analysis of Rural Non-point Source Pollution in the Agricultural Comprehensive Development Projects

Non-point source pollution was the major source in agricultural development projects.A case study was conducted to identify the amounts of the pollutants from various types of non-point sources.The sources of pollution were analyzed.The countermeasures were put forward.
Remote Vehicle Diagnostics over the Internet using the DoIP Protocol

Next generation vehicles will provide powerful connectivity and telematics services, enabling many new applications of vehicle communication. We will in this paper study the opportunities of performing remote vehicle diagnostics, where the diagnostic tool (test equipment) and the vehicle are separated by an internetwork, e.g., the Internet. The development of a prototype system for remote vehicle diagnostics, based on the emerging Diagnostics over IP (DoIP) ISO standard, is presented and early usage experiments with synchronous remote diagnostic read-out and control are described. A number of safety related issues are identified that will need closer study before a broad deployment of remote diagnostics services is feasible. Furthermore, a classification of vehicle diagnostics applications is provided, which is intended to elucidate the differences between synchronous (online) and asynchronous (offline) operation in local and distributed settings. Keywords-vehicle diagnostics, vehicular communication
Effects of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in rheumatic mitral stenosis with and without atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
The study aim was to evaluate the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and with atrial fibrillation (AF).


METHODS
Thirty patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent successful PBMV were included in the study. Of these patents, 21 were in SR (SR group) and nine had AF (AF group). Plasma BNP levels were measured using the Triage BNP Test in all patients before, and at 20 min and 24 h after, PBMV. Control levels were measured in eight healthy volunteers.


RESULTS
Basal plasma BNP levels in patients were significantly higher than those in controls (123.5 +/- 69.5 versus 16.4 +/- 7.6 pg/ml, p < 0.01), and correlated with mean left atrial pressure (mLAP; r = 0.441, p < 0.05) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP; r = 0.488, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in BNP levels between the SR and AF groups. In the SR group, BNP levels decreased after PBMV (pre-PBMV 128.7 +/- 75.9 pg/ml; at 20 min, 88.6 +/- 62.0 pg/ml; at 24 h, 43.4 +/- 26.7 pg/ml; respectively, p < 0.05). Changes in plasma BNP (deltaBNP) correlated positively with those in mLAP (deltamLAP) (r = 0.696, p < 0.01) and PAP (deltaPAP) (r = 0.456, p < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (96.1 +/- 21.6 versus 111.5 +/- 25.2 ml, p < 0.01) and stroke volume (SV) (59.2 +/- 15.8 versus 69.0 +/- 17.9 ml, p < 0.05) augmented accordingly without any changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (p = NS). In contrast, in group AF, BNP levels remained unchanged (pre-PBMV 111.6 +/- 53.4 pg/ml; at 20 min, 122.0 +/- 68.7 pg/ml; at 24 h, 106.1 +/- 56.2 pg/ml; respectively, p = NS), while LVEDP increased (6.4 +/- 3.6 versus 8.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.01), without any changes in LVEDV and SV (p = NS).


CONCLUSION
The study results indicate that, in mitral stenosis patients, a high BNP level is associated with high mLAP and PAP. Cardiac rhythm may play an important role in changes of BNP level after PBMV. BNP may be a valid marker to reflect changes in mLAP and PAP after PBMV in patients with SR, but not in those with AF.
Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study.

AIM
To examine whether visual restitution training (VRT) is able to change absolute homonymous field defect, assessed with fundus controlled microperimetry, in patients with hemianopia.


METHODS
17 patients with stable homonymous visual field defects before and after a 6 month VRT period were investigated with a specialised microperimetric method using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Fixation was controlled by SLO fundus monitoring. The size of the field defect was quantified by calculating the ratio of the number of absolute defects and the number of test points; the training effect E was defined as the difference between these two ratios before and after training. A shift of the entire vertical visual field border by 1 degrees would result in an E value of 0.14.


RESULTS
The mean training effect of all right eyes was E = 0.025 (SD 0.052) and all left eyes E = 0.008 (SD 0.034). In one eye, a slight non-homonymous improvement along the horizontal meridian occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
In one patient, a slight improvement along the horizontal meridian was found in one eye. In none of the patients was an explicit homonymous change of the absolute field defect border observed after training.
Measuring the similarity of short texts by word similarity and tree kernels

A novel modeling method is presented in this paper to measure the similarity between short texts. We thought that the complete expression of a sentence or a short text, not only depends on the words, but also relies on the syntactic structure, thus the method takes word similarity feature and syntactic feature into account. The proposed method can be used in a variety of applications involving automatic document summarization, text knowledge representation and discovery. Experiment on two different data sets shows that the proposed method performs better than the measure proposed by Li et al.
Aging of High Voltage Cables by Switching Impulse

The electric ship distribution lines supply various capacitive and inductive loads that must be switched in and out of the electrical power system. These loads result in the cables being exposed to overvoltages caused by switching operation The goal is to determine the reliability of high voltage cables when they are over-stressed by a multitude of switching impulses. The presented study involves the aging of high voltage EPR and XLPE cables by applied switching impulses. Partial discharge and ac breakdown voltage were chosen as the parameters to evaluate the status of the cable.
Effect of endurance versus resistance training on quadriceps muscle dysfunction in COPD: a pilot study

INTRODUCTION
Exercise is an important countermeasure to limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. The two major training modalities in COPD rehabilitation, endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT), may both be efficient in improving muscle strength, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life, but the effects on quadriceps muscle characteristics have not been thoroughly described.


METHODS
Thirty COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 56% of predicted, standard deviation [SD] 14) were randomized to 8 weeks of ET or RT. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training intervention to assess muscle morphology and metabolic and angiogenic factors. Symptom burden, exercise capacity (6-minute walking and cycle ergometer tests), and vascular function were also assessed.


RESULTS
Both training modalities improved symptom burden and exercise capacity with no difference between the two groups. The mean (SD) proportion of glycolytic type IIa muscle fibers was reduced after ET (from 48% [SD 11] to 42% [SD 10], P<0.05), whereas there was no significant change in muscle fiber distribution with RT. There was no effect of either training modality on muscle capillarization, angiogenic factors, or vascular function. After ET the muscle protein content of phosphofructokinase was reduced (P<0.05) and the citrate synthase content tended increase (P=0.08) but no change was observed after RT.


CONCLUSION
Although both ET and RT improve symptoms and exercise capacity, ET induces a more oxidative quadriceps muscle phenotype, counteracting muscle dysfunction in COPD.
Galactin-3 and brain natriuretic peptide versus conventional echocardiography in the early detection of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is defined as an abnormal heart structure and function in cirrhotic patients. CCM includes systolic and diastolic dysfunction, electrophysiological abnormalities, and structural changes, both microscopic and macroscopic. Currently, there is no one diagnostic test that can identify patients with CCM. Evaluation of the validity of galactin-3 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as biomarkers in the early detection of CCM in comparison to conventional echocardiography.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A case control study was carried out in the Departments of internal medicine and tropical Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt. Seventy-one subjects were divided into the following three groups: 26 cirrhotic patients without ascites, 25 cirrhotic patients with ascites, and 20 healthy controls. All groups underwent clinical examination, and laboratory investigation including BNP, galactin-3, and echocardiography.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference between the three groups (p < 0.001) with regard to corrected QT (cQT), BNP and galactin-3. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with different grades was the most recorded cardiac abnormality in the patient group I and II (88.5% and 96%; respectively) with significantly increased frequency and severity in ascetic patients and with the advancement of liver cirrhosis. BNP and galactin-3 were sensitive and specific biomarkers for the detection of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients (77.6%, 95.5%, 89.9% and 86.4%; respectively).


CONCLUSION
Diastolic dysfunction is a common cardiac abnormality in cirrhotic patients that worsens with the advancement of cirrhosis. BNP and galactin-3 had higher sensitivity and specificity in the early detection of CCM compared with those of conventional echocardiography.
Single-Dose Local Simvastatin Injection Improves Implant Fixation via Increased Angiogenesis and Bone Formation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model

BACKGROUND
Statins have been reported to promote bone formation. However, taken orally, their bioavailability is low to the bones. Implant therapies require a local repair response, topical application of osteoinductive agents, or biomaterials that promote implant fixation.


MATERIAL/METHODS
The present study evaluated the effect of a single local injection of simvastatin on screw fixation in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis.


RESULTS
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histology, and biomechanical tests revealed that 5 and 10 mg simvastatin significantly improved bone mineral density by 18.2% and 22.4%, respectively (P<0.05); increased bone volume fraction by 51.0% and 57.9%, trabecular thickness by 16.4% and 18.9%, trabeculae number by 112.0% and 107.1%, and percentage of osseointegration by 115.7% and 126.3%; and decreased trabeculae separation by 34.1% and 36.6%, respectively (all P<0.01). Bone mineral apposition rate was significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, implant fixation was significantly increased (P<0.05), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression was markedly increased. Local injection of a single dose of simvastatin also promoted angiogenesis. Vessel number, volume, thickness, surface area, and vascular volume per tissue volume were significantly increased (all P<0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2, von Willebrand factor, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were enhanced.


CONCLUSIONS
A single local injection of simvastatin significantly increased bone formation, promoted osseointegration, and enhanced implant fixation in ovariectomized rats. The underlying mechanism appears to involve enhanced BMP2 expression and angiogenesis in the target bone.
Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this investigation was to broaden the understanding of how various skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue relationships are related to the esthetics of the smile in patients with malocclusions before orthodontic treatment.


METHODS
Images of the posed smile were captured from digital video clips of 60 growing patients (33 girls, 27 boys) seeking orthodontic treatment; they were judged by panels of laypersons and orthodontists. Discriminant analysis identified determinants of the "pleasing smile" from the results of a visual analog scale. Quantitative measurements of the soft and hard tissues were made by using the smile images, cephalometric radiographs, and study models. The esthetics of the smile were correlated with specific skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue structures in the anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dimensions (Pearson test on non-topographic correlations).


RESULTS
The esthetic smile judgments of orthodontists agreed with those of laypersons (r >0.93). The vertical thicknesses of the lips were the most significant component of a pleasant smile, for both the orthodontists (upper lip) and laypersons (lower lip) (discriminant power: 75%). The vertical thickness of the upper lip had a significant positive correlation with the position of the maxillary incisor.


CONCLUSIONS
Vertical lip thickness proved to be the most influential variable in smile esthetics. The significant relationship of incisor protrusion with the vertical thickness of the vermilion border of the upper lip must be considered when planning orthodontic treatment.
Validated LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Rosuvastatin in Human Plasma: Application to a Bioequivalence Study in Chinese Volunteers

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of rosuvastatin in human plasma using gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Rosuvastatin and gliclazide in plasma were extracted with ethyl acetate, separated on a C18 reversed phase column, eluted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanoic acid (0.1%) (60:40, v/v), ionized by positive ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multi-reaction monitoring mode using precursor → product ions of m/z 482.1 → 258.1 for rosuvastatin and m/z 324.2 → 127.2 for IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r > 0.99, n = 5) over the concentration range of 0.1 60 ng/mL. The specificity, matrix effect, recovery, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stabilities were validated for rosuvastatin in human plasma. In conclusion, the validation results showed that this method was sensitive, economical and less toxic and it can successfully fulfill the requirement of bioequivalence study of rosuvastatin calcium tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.
Response of lateral placement depths of subsurface drip irrigation on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Subsurface drip irrigation is defined as application of water below the soil surface through emitters, with discharge rates generally in the same range as surface drip irrigation. It has many advantages over surface drip. To see the response of subsurface drip irrigation on okra yield, a study was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during 2003 and 2004. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) crop was cultivated in three sub-plots with four treatments of drip lateral depths viz. on the surface, and at depths of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m below the soil surface. Laterals used for three sub-plots were inline drip laterals having discharge rate of 2.03 × 10, 1.53 × 10 and 1.22 × 10 m s per meter length. Crop was irrigated as per irrigation schedule to fulfill its water requirement. The observations were recorded on growth parameter, soil moisture content and yield of crop. The study indicated that soil moisture content under subsurface drip irrigation was more uniform as compared with surface drip. It was found that plant height, yield and water use efficiency of okra increased due to subsurface placement of laterals. The maximum increased okra yield was found to be 5.22, 13.48 and 11.56 % under 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m depths of lateral placement, respectively, as compared to that under surface drip. On the basis of the study, it was recommended that laterals of subsurface drip irrigation should be placed between 0.10 to 0.15 m depths below soil surface for higher okra yield.