LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phase I and pharmacokinetic studies of CYT-6091, a novel PEGylated colloidal gold-rhTNF nanomedicine.

PURPOSE
A novel nanomedicine, CYT-6091, constructed by simultaneously binding recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF) and thiolyated polyethylene glycol to the surface of 27-nm colloidal gold particles, was tested in a phase I dose escalation clinical trial in advanced stage cancer patients.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
CYT-6091, whose dosing was based on the amount of rhTNF in the nanomedicine, was injected intravenously, and 1 cycle of treatment consisted of 2 treatments administered 14 days apart.


RESULTS
Doses from 50 μg/m(2) to 600 μg/m(2) were well tolerated, and no maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached, as the highest dose exceeded the target dosage of 1-mg rhTNF per treatment, exceeding the previous MTD for native rhTNF by 3-fold. The first 2 patients on the study, each receiving 50 μg/m(2), did not receive any prophylactic antipyretics or H2 blockade. A predicted, yet controllable fever occurred in these patients, so all subsequently treated patients received prophylactic antipyretics and H2 blockers. However, even at the highest dose rhTNF's dose-limiting toxic effect of hypotension was not seen. Using electron microscopy to visualize nanoparticles of gold in patient biopsies of tumor and healthy tissue showed that patient biopsies taken 24 hours after treatment had nanoparticles of gold in tumor tissue.


CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that rhTNF formulated as CYT-6091 may be administered systemically at doses of rhTNF that were previously shown to be toxic and that CYT-6091 may target to tumors. Future clinical studies will focus on combining CYT-6091 with approved chemotherapies for the systemic treatment of nonresectable cancers.
Double-blind comparison of fluoxetine and nortriptyline in the treatment of moderate to severe major depression.

BACKGROUND
Depression is an international public health problem. Impairment in social and occupational functioning, increased comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical conditions, and an increased risk of mortality are a few of its consequences. Some psychiatrists have the impression that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors may not work as well as tricyclic anti-depressants in severe depression and/or melancholia. On the contrary, there is a general belief that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are superior to the tricyclic anti-depressants in having fewer side-effects, particularly cardiovascular effects. The objective of this double-blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and nortriptyline in patients with moderate to severe major depression.


METHODS
A total of 48 adult outpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), forth edition for major depression, based on the structured clinical interview for DSM IV participated in the trial. Patients had a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 20. In this double-blind, single-center trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive nortriptyline 150 mg/day (group 1) or fluoxetine 60 mg/day (group 2) for 6-weeks. The outcome of the two groups was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a side-effect checklist and a regular ECG assessment.


RESULTS
The results suggest that the efficacy of nortriptyline is superior to fluoxetine in this group of major depressed patients. No significant differences were observed between dropout rates in the two groups but anti-cholinergic side-effects were significantly more frequent with nortriptyline than with fluoxetine but there was no significant difference in cardiovascular effects in particular QTc prolongation.


CONCLUSION
The results of the current study suggest that nortriptyline was more effective than fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. A larger study is warranted.
Recruitment challenges in clinical research including cancer patients and their caregivers. A randomized controlled trial study and lessons learned

BACKGROUND
To test seven different strategies for recruitment in a randomized controlled trial, to report documented response data from each strategy, and to discuss recruitment challenges.


METHODS
We used 5 opt-in (potential participants have to do something active to contact or be contacted by the researcher) and 2 opt-out (potential participants have the option to decline being contacted about a study) recruitment strategies from February 2013 until July 2014 to contact 1562 cancer patient candidates for participation in a randomized controlled trial. For each of these cancer patients a caregiver was also invited to take part in the study.


RESULTS
Of the 1562 candidates, 22.6 % were ineligible on initial contact, 56.7 % declined to participate on initial contact, and 8.9 % agreed orally to participate but did not complete the enrollment. The 2 opt-out strategies, on-site recruitment and routine care letters recruitment, yielded the highest number of recruited participants with 79 dyads and 58 dyads respectively, constituting 42.7 % and 31.4 % of the total number of enrolled candidates. The 5 opt-in recruitment approaches yielded 49 dyads for the study. Almost half of these dyads were recruited using the approach termed "relying on providers at the hospital."


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, opt-out recruitment strategies appeared to be the most effective.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration number NCT01867723 , registered February 2012.
MICA - A new generation of versatile instruments in robotic surgery

Robotic surgery systems are highly complex and expensive pieces of equipment. Demands for lower cost of care can be met if these systems are employable in a flexible manner for a large variety of procedures. To protect the initial investment the capabilities of a robotic system need to be expandable as new tasks arise.
Illness representation after acute myocardial infarction: impact on in-hospital recovery.

BACKGROUND
Despite significant progress in the treatment of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction is still the leading cause of death in the United States. As suggested by Leventhal's Self-Regulation Model of Illness, the continued high morbidity and mortality may be due to a failure to address the role of psychosocial factors such as illness representation, depression, and anxiety in recovery.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between illness representation of myocardial infarction and the occurrence of in-hospital complications and if anxiety and depression mediate this relationship.


METHOD
A prospective correlational design was used to measure illness representation, depression, and anxiety 24 to 48 hours after admission for myocardial infarction in 49 patients and the frequency of complications during the acute event. Logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood of experiencing a complication.


RESULTS
When demographic and clinical variables were controlled for, the more negative the representation of illness, the greater were the odds of experiencing a complication (chi2 = 16.9, df = 6, P =.01). The odds of experiencing a complication increased 5.1% for each 1 unit increase in the score on the Illness Preparation Questionnaire (B = 0.05, Wald = 4.442, Exp(B) = 1.051, 95% CI = 1.003-1.1010). Neither anxiety (chi2 = 3.0, df = 1, P =. 09) nor depression (chi2 = 2.5, df = 1, P = .11) were significant predictors of the occurrence of complications.


CONCLUSION
In these patients, illness representation was predictive of the likelihood of experiencing a complication. Thus, illness representation appears to be an important psychosocial factor in acute recovery from myocardial infarction.
Quality improvement guidelines for central venous access.

THE membership of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Standards of Practice Committee represents experts in a broad spectrum of interventional procedures from both the private and academic sectors of medicine. Generally Standards of Practice Committee members dedicate the vast majority of their professional time to performing interventional procedures; as such they represent a valid broad expert constituency of the subject matter under consideration for standards production. Technical documents specifying the exact consensus and literature review methodologies as well as the institu-
Surgical training and global health: initial results of a 5-year partnership with a surgical training program in a low-income country.

HYPOTHESIS
Surgical trainees in the United States have a growing interest in both clinical experiences and structured training opportunities in global health. Global health training and exposure can be integrated into a surgical residency program.


DESIGN
The global health activities of surgical residents and faculty in 1 department were evaluated from January 1, 1998, to June 1, 2008, using a survey and personal interviews.


RESULTS
From January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2002, 4 faculty members made more than 20 overseas volunteer medical expeditions, but only 1 resident participated in global health activities. In 2003, a relationship with a surgical training program in a developing country was established. Ten residents and 12 faculty members have made overseas trips during the last 5 years, and 1 international surgeon has visited the United States. During their research block, 4 residents completed 1- to 3-month clinical rotations and contributed to mentored research projects. Three residents completed a university-based Global Health Clinical Scholars Program, and 3 obtained master's degrees in public health. A joint conference in injury-trauma research was also conducted. A faculty member is based overseas with clinical and research responsibilities, and another is completing a master's degree in public health.


CONCLUSIONS
Global health training and exposure for residents can be effectively integrated into an academic surgical residency program through relationships with training programs in low-income countries. Legitimate academic experiences improve the success of these programs. Reciprocity with collaborative partners must be ensured, and sustained commitment and funding remain a great challenge to such programs. The long-term effect on the development of global health careers is yet to be determined.
A framework for fast and accurate collision detection for haptic interaction

We present a framework for fast and accurate collision detection for haptic interaction with polygonal models. Given a model, we pre-compute a hybrid hierarchical representation, consisting of uniform grids and trees of tight-fitting oriented bounding box trees (OBB-Trees). At run time, we use hybrid hierarchical representations and exploit frame-to-frame coherence for fast proximity queries. We describe a new overlap test, which is specialized for intersection of a line segment with an oriented bounding box for haptic simulation and takes 6-36 operations excluding transformation costs. The algorithms have been implemented as part of H-COLLIDE and interfaced with a PHANToM arm and its haptic toolkit, GHOST, and applied to a number of models. As compared to the commercial implementation, we are able to achieve up to 20 times speedup in our experiments and sustain update rates over 1000Hz on a 400MHz Pentium II.
Normal presenting levels of high-sensitivity troponin and myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE
To analyse whether levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) below their respective 99th percentile can be used as a single parameter to rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at presentation.


DESIGN
Prospective, multicentre study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We measured hs-cTn using four different methods (hs-cTnT Roche, hs-cTnI Siemens, hs-cTnI Beckman Coulter and hs-cTnI Abbott) in consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated the final diagnosis. Patients were followed for death or AMI during a mean period of 24 months.


RESULTS
Among 2072 consecutive patients with hs-cTnT measurements available, 21.4% had an adjudicated diagnosis of AMI (sensitivity 89.6%, 95% CI 86.4% to 92.3%, negative predictive value (NPV): 96.5%, 95% CI 95.4% to 97.4%). Among 1180 consecutive patients with hs-cTnI Siemens measurements available, 20.0% had AMI (sensitivity 94.1%, 95% CI 90.3% to 96.7%, NPV: 98.0%, 95% CI: 96.6% to 98.9%). Among 1151 consecutive patients with hs-cTnI Beckman Coulter measurements available, 19.7% had AMI (sensitivity 92.1%, 95% CI 87.8% to 95.2%, NPV: 97.5%, 95% CI 96.0% to 98.5%). Among 1567 consecutive patients with hs-cTnI Abbott measurements available, 20.0% had AMI (sensitivity 77.2%, 95% CI 72.1% to 81.7%, NPV: 94.3%, 95% CI 92.8% to 95.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
Normal hs-cTn levels at presentation should not be used as a single parameter to rule out AMI as 6%-23% of adjudicated AMI cases had normal levels of hs-cTn levels at presentation. Our data highlight the lack of standardisation among hs-cTnI assays resulting in substantial differences in sensitivity and NPV at the 99th percentile.
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous epithelial stem cell proliferation

Kindlin-1 is an integrin tail binding protein that controls integrin activation. Mutations in the FERMT-1 gene, which encodes for Kindlin-1, lead to Kindler syndrome in man, which is characterized by skin blistering, premature skin aging and skin cancer of unknown etiology. Here we show that loss of Kindlin-1 in mouse keratinocytes recapitulates Kindler syndrome and also produces enlarged and hyperactive stem cell compartments, which lead to hyperthickened epidermis, ectopic hair follicle development and increased skin tumor susceptibility. Mechanistically, Kindlin-1 controls keratinocyte adhesion through β1-class integrins and proliferation and differentiation of cutaneous epithelial stem cells by promoting αvβ6 integrin–mediated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation and inhibiting Wnt–β-catenin signaling through integrin-independent regulation of Wnt ligand expression. Our findings assign Kindlin-1 the previously unknown and essential task of controlling cutaneous epithelial stem cell homeostasis by balancing TGF-β–mediated growth-inhibitory signals and Wnt–β-catenin–mediated growth-promoting signals.
Global gene expression analysis in nonfailing and failing myocardium pre- and postpulsatile and nonpulsatile ventricular assist device support.

Mechanical unloading by ventricular assist devices (VAD) leads to significant gene expression changes often summarized as reverse remodeling. However, little is known on individual transcriptome changes during VAD support and its relationship to nonfailing hearts (NF). In addition no data are available for the transcriptome regulation during nonpulsatile VAD support. Therefore we analyzed the gene expression patterns of 30 paired samples from VAD-supported (including 8 nonpulsatile VADs) and 8 nonfailing control hearts (NF) using the first total human genome array available. Transmural myocardial samples were collected for RNA isolation. RNA was isolated by commercial methods and processed according to chip-manufacturer recommendations. cRNA were hybridized on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, providing coverage of the whole human genome Array. Data were analyzed using Microarray Analysis Suite 5.0 (Affymetrix) and clustered by Expressionist software (Genedata). We found 352 transcripts were differentially regulated between samples from VAD implantation and NF, whereas 510 were significantly regulated between VAD transplantation and NF (paired t-test P < 0.001, fold change >or=1.6). Remarkably, only a minor fraction of 111 transcripts was regulated in heart failure (HF) and during VAD support. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of paired VAD and NF samples revealed separation of HF and NF samples; however, individual differentiation of VAD implantation and VAD transplantation was not accomplished. Clustering of pulsatile and nonpulsatile VAD did not lead to robust separation of gene expression patterns. During VAD support myocardial gene expression changes do not indicate reversal of the HF phenotype but reveal a distinct HF-related pattern. Transcriptome analysis of pulsatile and nonpulsatile VAD-supported hearts did not provide evidence for a pump mode-specific transcriptome pattern.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of six and eight month treatment regimens in districts of Southwestern Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND
A switch of continuation phase tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen from Ethambutol (E) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 6 months (6EH) to Rifampicin (R) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 4 months (4RH) was recommended. However, the effect of the regimen switch in Ethiopian setting is not known.


METHODS
A comparative cross-sectional study among 790 randomly selected new cases of TB (395 each treated with 4RH and 6EH during the continuation phase) was conducted in nine health centers and one hospital in three zones in southwestern Ethiopia. Data were abstracted from the standard unit TB register composed of standard case and treatment outcome definitions. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13 where binary logistic regression was fitted to identify independent predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes at 5 % significance level.


RESULTS
Over all, 695 (88 %) of the patients had a successful treatment outcome with statistically significant difference (85.3 % vs 90.6 %, p = 0.02) among the 6HE and 4RH regimens, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, 4RH continuation phase treatment regimen adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [(95 % confidence interval (CI)) 0.55 (0.34,0.89)], age [AOR (95 % CI 1.02 (1.001,1.022)], rural residence [AOR (95 % CI) 2.1 (1.18,3.75)] Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positives [AOR (95 % CI) 2.39 (1.12,5.07)] and increased weight at the end of the second month [AOR (95 % CI 0.28 (0.11,0.72)] independently predicted treatment outcome.


CONCLUSION
The switch of continuation phase TB treatment regimen from 6EH to 4RH has brought better treatment outcomes which imply applicability of the recommendation in high prevalent and resource constrained settings. Therefore, it should be maintained and augmented through further studies on its impact among the older, rural residents and HIV positives.
Emergency Endovascular Management of Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms In Behçet’s Disease: Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

his report describes two patients with a known history of Behçet’s disease in whom massive hemoptysis developed from rupture of pulmonary artery aneurysms. The high recurrence rate of complications related to pulmonary artery aneurysms and even the aneurysms themselves due to inadequacy of medical therapy and the disadvantages of surgical treatment make these aneurysms candidates for endovascular management. The pulmonary artery aneurysms reported here were successfully treated with endovascular embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Pulmonary artery aneurysm embolization in Behçet’s disease has been reviewed in the light of relevant literature.
Differentiation of Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis by clinical and CT enterographic models.

BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) have similar clinical, radiological, and endoscopic features. The objective of our study was to investigate the values of clinical features and computed tomographic (CT) enterographic manifestations in the differential diagnosis between CD and ITB.


METHODS
Clinical features and CT enterographic manifestations in a cohort of 141 patients with CD and 47 patients with ITB were reviewed retrospectively. Parameters were screened by logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of screened parameters was analyzed by regression equation (mathematical model) and receiver operating characteristic curve.


RESULTS
The clinical features indicative of CD were hematochezia and perianal disease; features indicative of ITB include positive purified protein derivative skin test, occurrence of ascites, pulmonary tuberculosis, and night sweats. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of regression mathematical model established by clinical features were 94.3, 80.4, 91.0, 93.7, and 82.6%, respectively. CT enterographic manifestations indicative of CD were the involvement of the left colon, asymmetric pattern of involvement and abscess, comb sign; manifestations indicative ITB were the distribution of the lymph nodes along the right colic artery, contracture of ileocecal valve, fixed patulous ileocecal valve and lymph nodes with central necrosis The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of regression mathematical model established by CT enterographic parameters were 96.5, 93.6, 95.7, 97.8, and 89.8%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The accuracy of CT enterographic model suggests the possibility of using CT enterography as an alternative to endoscopy in the differentiation between CD and ITB.
Prevalence of body art (body piercing and tattooing) in university undergraduates and incidence of medical complications.

OBJECTIVES
To survey the prevalence of body art (body piercing and tattooing) in university undergraduate students and to determine the incidence of medical complications from these procedures.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Between February and May 2001, students were offered the opportunity to complete an anonymous, voluntary survey at the beginning of class or organizational meetings. The survey instrument requested information concerning body piercing and tattooing (current or removed) by body site, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, undergraduate class, athletic status, and the occurrence of medical complications.


RESULTS
Four hundred fifty-four (94.4%) of 481 students completed the survey (14.7% of total campus enrollment). The prevalence of body piercing was 51%, and that of tattooing was 23%. The chi2 analysis showed female students were more likely to be pierced than males (P=.002); there was no significant difference in the prevalence of tattooing by sex. Male athletes were more likely to be tattooed than male nonathletes (P=.02). No relationships were shown between piercing/tattooing and age or measures of body somatotype. The incidence of medical complications of piercing was 17%, and these complications included bleeding, tissue trauma, and bacterial infections. Pierced navels were particularly prone to infection. There were no reported medical complications from tattooing. Eighteen percent of piercings (58/315) and 4% of tattoos (6/149) had been removed.


CONCLUSIONS
Body art is prevalent among undergraduate university students, and there is a significant incidence of medical complications among students with piercing. Male athletes were significantly more likely to be tattooed than male nonathletes.
Celebrity face recognition using deep learning

Received May 29, 2018 Revised Jul 30, 2018 Accepted Aug 3, 2018 Face recognition is one of the well studied problems by researchers in computer visions. Among the challenges of this task are the occurrence of different facial expressions like happy or sad, and different views of the images such as front and side views. This paper experiments a publicly available dataset that consists of 200,000 images of celebrity faces. Deep Learning technique is gaining its popularity in computer vision and this paper applies this technique for face recognition problem. One of the techniques under deep learning is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). There is also pre-trained CNN models that are AlexNet and GoogLeNet, which produce excellent accuracy results. The experimental results indicate that AlexNet is better than basic CNN and GoogLeNet for face recognition.