LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of surface roughness in the end milling machining using Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents the ANN model for predicting the surface roughness performance measure in the machining process by considering the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as the essential technique for measuring surface roughness. A revision of several previous studies associated with the modelling issue is carried out to assess how capable ANN is as a technique to model the problem. Based on the studies conducted by previous researchers, the abilities and limitations of the ANN technique for predicting surface roughness are highlighted. Utilization of ANN-based modelling is also discussed to show the required basic elements for predicting surface roughness in the milling process. In order to investigate how capable the ANN technique is at estimating the prediction value for surface roughness, a real machining experiment is referred to in this study. In the experiment, 24 samples of data concerned with the milling operation are collected based on eight samples of data of a two-level DOE 2 full factorial analysis, four samples of centre data, and 12 samples of axial data. All data samples are tested in real machining by using uncoated, TiAIN coated and SNTR coated cutting tools of titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V). The Matlab ANN toolbox is used for the modelling purpose with some justifications. Feedforward backpropagation is selected as the algorithm with traingdx, learngdx, MSE, logsig as the training, learning, performance and transfer functions, respectively. With three nodes in the input layer and one node in the output layer, eight networks are developed by using different numbers of nodes in the hidden layer which are 3–1–1, 3–3–1, 3–6–1, 3–7–1, 3–1–1–1, 3–3–3–1, 3–6–6–1 and 3–7–7–1 structures. It was found that the 3–1–1 network structure of the SNTR coated cutting tool gave the best ANN model in predicting the surface roughness value. This study concludes that the model for surface roughness in the milling process could be improved by modifying the number of layers and nodes in the hidden layers of the ANN network structure, particularly for predicting the value of the surface roughness performance measure. As a result of the prediction, the recommended combination of cutting conditions to obtain the best surface roughness value is a high speed with a low feed rate and radial rake angle. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Cross-sectional investigation between presence of antibodies and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in past studies has shown no relationship, but progression over time has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and progression of CAC and ankle-brachial index (ABI).


DESIGN
The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a prospective population-based cohort of racially and ethnically diverse male and female participants recruited from six communities in the USA, age 45-84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.


METHODS
The main outcomes were progression of mean CAC and ABI between exams 1 (2000-02) and 3 (2004-05) (median follow-up of 3.13 years) by C. pneumoniae antibody. Multivariate models adjusting for demographics, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity were computed.


RESULTS
Of 2223 subjects analysed, 76% were positive for C. pneumoniae antibodies. Progression of CAC was significantly higher in the antibody-positive group (93.8 vs. 78.2 agatston units, p = 0.02) and in antibody-positive subjects with CAC ≥10 at baseline (216.5 vs. 178.6, p = 0.02) than antibody-negative group. Smoking and body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) both had interactions with presence of C. pneumoniae yielding significantly greater CAC progression. Progression of ABI did not significantly differ by C. pneumoniae antibody status in models adjusted for covariates.


CONCLUSIONS
C. pneumoniae antibodies are related to progression of CAC, particularly in individuals with CAC present at baseline. This provides evidence that certain groups are at higher risk of atherosclerotic progression and may be useful for risk stratification and treatment.
Tenofovir use in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children in the United kingdom and Ireland.

BACKGROUND
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is neither licensed for use nor extensively studied in HIV-infected children. The only available formulation is an adult tablet, introducing the possibility of dosing errors in children. TDF interacts with other antiretrovirals and has been associated with decline in renal function and CD4 count. We describe the use of TDF in a cohort of HIV-1-infected children in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


METHODS
Children ever prescribed TDF and followed in the Collaborative HIV Pediatric Study cohort since 2001 were included in analyses of dosing, adverse events, and virologic and immunologic response. Suspected adverse drug reactions to TDF reported to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency during the same time were also reviewed.


RESULTS
One hundred fifty-nine of 1253 children had taken TDF. They were older and had clinically more advanced disease than the rest of the cohort. Eighteen percent received >120% and 37% received <80% of the suggested pediatric dose (8 mg/kg). Thirty-seven percent of new TDF regimens contained didanosine (ddI), though few since 2005. Twelve of 159 (7.5%) children experienced serious adverse events and stopped TDF permanently, 11 taking concurrent lopinavir-ritonavir, and 10 ddI; 5 had renal toxicity. Viral load suppressed to < or =50 copies/mL at 12 months in 38% of those starting TDF. Median increase in CD4 count at 12 months was +110 cells/mL (interquartile range, 9-270), but only 3 cells/mL in those taking concurrent ddI.


CONCLUSIONS
TDF seems to be an effective antiretroviral drug in this pediatric cohort, although considerable underdosing and overdosing occurs. A small number of children experienced serious adverse events while taking TDF; half were renal toxicity, most associated with concurrent ddI and lopinavir-ritonavir use.
What Is theBestWay toEstimateHospital QualityOutcomes ? ASimulation Approach

Objective. To test the accuracy of alternative estimators of hospital mortality quality using aMonte Carlo simulation experiment. Data Sources. Data are simulated to create an admission-level analytic dataset. The simulated data are validated by comparing distributional parameters (e.g., mean and standard deviation of 30-day mortality rate, hospital sample size) with the same parameters observed inMedicare data for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) inpatient admissions. Study Design. We perform a Monte Carlo simulation experiment in which true quality is known to test the accuracy of the Observed-over-Expected estimator, the Risk StandardizedMortality Rate (RSMR), the Dimick and Staiger (DS) estimator, the Hierarchical Poisson estimator, and the Moving Average estimator using hospital 30-day mortality for AMI as the outcome. Estimator accuracy is evaluated for all hospitals and for small, medium, and large hospitals. Data ExtractionMethods. Data are simulated. Principal Findings. Significant and substantial variation is observed in the accuracy of the tested outcome estimators. The DS estimator is the most accurate for all hospitals and for small hospitals using both accuracy criteria (root mean squared error and proportion of hospitals correctly classified into quintiles). Conclusions. The mortality estimator currently in use by Medicare for public quality reporting, the RSMR, has been shown to be less accurate than the DS estimator, although the magnitude of the difference is not large. Pending testing and validation of our findings using current hospital data, CMS should reconsider the decision to publicly report mortality rates using the RSMR.
Implementation and Outcomes of the New York State YMCA Diabetes Prevention Program: A Multisite Community-Based Translation, 2010–2012

INTRODUCTION
Weight loss and physical activity achieved through the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) have been shown to reduce type 2 diabetes risk among individuals with prediabetes. The New York State Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) delivered the 16-week evidence-based model at 14 YMCAs. A mixed methods process and outcomes evaluation was conducted.


METHODS
Most participants were referred by clinicians and were encouraged to achieve 5% to 7% weight loss. Participants were weighed weekly; additional data were gathered from participant surveys and focus groups and staff surveys and interviews.


RESULTS
Participants (N = 254) lost a mean of 9 pounds (P < .001), or 4.2% of body weight, by program completion; 40% achieved 5% or more weight loss and 25% achieved 7% or more weight loss. Ten months after baseline, 61% of participants reported 5% or more weight loss and 48% reported 7% or more weight loss. In multivariate models, weight loss was negatively associated with black race (16 weeks: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.190, P = .002; 10 months: AOR, 0.244, P = .005) and positively associated with attendance (16 weeks: AOR, 18.699, P < .001; 10 months: AOR, 2.808, P = .024). Participants reported improvements in health and lifestyle changes after program completion. Factors contributing to program success included coaches who motivated participants, the group setting, curriculum, and program duration. However, sociodemographic diversity was limited.


CONCLUSION
Outcomes demonstrate the potential for effectively implementing the DPP in community-based settings. Findings also suggest the need for replications among a broader population.
Mycorrhizal networks: Mechanisms, ecology and modelling

Mycorrhizal networks, defined as a common mycorrhizal mycelium linking the roots of at least two plants, occur in all major terrestrial ecosystems. This review discusses the recent progress and challenges in our understanding of the characteristics, functions, ecology and models of mycorrhizal networks, with the goal of encouraging future research to improve our understanding of their ecology, adaptability and evolution. We focus on four themes in the recent literature: (1) the physical, physiological and molecular evidence for the existence of mycorrhizal networks, as well as the genetic characteristics and topology of networks in natural ecosystems; (2) the types, amounts and mechanisms of interplant material transfer (including carbon, nutrients, water, defence signals and allelochemicals) in autotrophic, mycoheterotrophic or partial mycoheterotrophic plants, with particular focus on carbon transfer; (3) the influence of mycorrhizal networks on plant establishment, survival and growth, and the implications for community diversity or stability in response to environmental stress; and (4) insights into emerging methods for modelling the spatial configuration and temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal networks, including the inclusion of mycorrhizal networks in conceptual models of complex adaptive systems. We suggest that mycorrhizal networks are fundamental agents of complex adaptive systems (ecosystems) because they provide avenues for feedbacks and cross-scale interactions that lead to selforganization and emergent properties in ecosystems. We have found that research in the genetics of mycorrhizal networks has accelerated rapidly in the past 5 y with increasing resolution and throughput of molecular tools, but there still remains a large gap between understanding genes and understanding the physiology, ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal networks in our changing environment. There is now enormous and exciting potential for mycorrhizal researchers to address these higher level questions and thus inform ecosystem and evolutionary research more broadly. a 2012 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 5; fax: þ1 604 822 9102. ca (S. W. Simard), kjbeiler@interchange.ubc.ca (K. J. Beiler), binghm@interchange.ubc.ca ch.co.nz (J. R. Deslippe), Leanne.Philip@SMU.CA (L. J. Philip), francois.teste@uwa.edu.au ritish Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 40 S. W. Simard et al.
The developing of personal and professional skills in automotive engineers through university competitions

Promoting personal and professional skills is becoming an issue of interest and major concern in university environments and this, in turn, is being driven by the demands of business. In this paper the authors, teachers from UPM and ISAT, present the basic features of the Formula SAE project and some other international competition such as Eco-Shell Marathon, Formula Baja or Formula Low-Cost, and analyze the way these competitions helps to promote 24 basic skills in the students, compared to other activities carried out during their engineering degree courses.
Morphology Based Handwritten Line Segmentation Using Foreground and Background Information

Currently text line segmentation is an important stage of research in historical document processing. Because of inter-line distance variability and base-line skew variability, line segmentation in unconstrained handwritten document is very difficult. The line segmentation task gets complicated, when overlapping or inter-penetration situation occurs between two consecutive text lines. In this paper we propose a method mostly based on morphological operation and run-length smearing algorithm (RLSA) to segment individual text lines from unconstrained handwritten document images. Here at first RLSA is applied to get individual word as a component. Next, the foreground portion of this smoothed image is eroded to get some seed components from the individual words of the document. Erosion is also done on background portions to find some boundary information of text lines. Finally, using the positional information of the seed components and the boundary information, the lines are segmented. We tested our scheme on images of five different scripts and we obtained encouraging results from
V-Cell: Going beyond the cell abstraction in 5G mobile networks

Past years have witnessed the surge of mobile broadband Internet traffic due to the broad adoption of a number of major technical advances in new wireless technologies and consumer electronics. In this respect, mobile networks have greatly increased their availability to meet the exponentially growing capacity demand of modern mobile applications and services. The upcoming scenario in the near future lays down the possibility of a continuum of communications thanks also to the deployment of so called small cells. Conventional cellular networks and the small cells will form the foundation of this pervasive communication system. Therefore, future wireless systems must carry the necessary scalability and seamless operation to accommodate the users and integrate the macro cells and small cells together. In this work we propose the V-Cell concept and architecture. V-Cell is potentially leading to a paradigm shift when approaching the system designs that allows to overcome most of the limitations of physical layer techniques in conventional wireless networks.
Quantifying the strength and form of sexual selection on men ' s traits ☆

☆ JH was funded by NERC and a University Royal Socie by an AIB grant awarded to DAP. ⁎ Corresponding author. Department of Anthropology, University Park, PA 16802. Tel.: +1 814 867 0453. E-mail address: dap27@psu.edu (D.A. Puts). 1090-5138/$ – see front matter © 2013 The Authors. P http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.05.004 Please cite this article as: Hill, A.K., et al., Qu (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhum Article history: Initial receipt 13 March 2013 Final revision received 30 May 2013 Available online xxxx
Music Genre Classification

Music classification is an interesting problem with many applications, from Drinkify (a program that generates cocktails to match the music) to Pandora to dynamically generating images that complement the music. However, music genre classification has been a challenging task in the field of music information retrieval (MIR). Music genres are hard to systematically and consistently describe due to their inherent subjective nature.
What do donations buy ? A model of philanthropy based on prestige and warm glow *

Charities publicize the donations they receive, generally according to dollar categories rather than the exact amount. Donors in turn tend to give the minimum amount necessary to get into a category. These facts suggest that donors have a taste for having their donations made public. This paper models the effects of such a taste for ‘‘prestige’’ on the behavior of donors and charities. I show how a taste for prestige means that charities can increase donations by using categories. The paper also discusses the effect of a taste for prestige on competition between charities.  1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
On the Multiple Deaths of Whitehead's Theory of Gravity

Whitehead's 1922 theory of gravitation continues to attract the attention of philosophers, despite evidence presented in 1971 that it violates experiment. We demonstrate that the theory strongly fails five quite different experimental tests, and conclude that, notwithstanding its meritorious philosophical underpinnings, Whitehead's theory is truly dead.
On the etiology of conflict cultures

Conflict has long been conceived as a fundamental part of all organizational systems. Yet the literature on conflict is largely divorced from its organizational roots and instead focuses on general processes of conflict management at the individual and small group levels of analysis. To re-establish the organizational basis of conflict, we develop a macro-theory of conflict cultures, or shared norms that specify how conflict should be managed in organizational settings. We propose a typology of conflict cultures that draws upon tWo dimensions active versus passive conflict management norms and agreeable versus disagreeable conflict management norms and discuss the etiology of four distinct conflict cultures: dominating conflict cultures (active and disagreeable), collaborative conflict cultures (active and agreeable), avoidant conflict cultures (passive and agreeable), and passive-aggressive conflict cultures (passive and disagreeable). We discuss top-down processes (e.g.. leadership, organizational stnlcture and rewards, industry, community, and societal factors) and bottom-up processes (e.g., personality, demographics. values and social networks) through which these conflict cultures develop. We explore both positive and negative organizational outcomes associated with each conflict culture, as well as moderators of proposed effects. We conclude with theoretical, practical, and empirical implications of a conflict culture perspective. @ 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Matroids, secretary problems, and online mechanisms

We study a generalization of the classical secretary problem which we call the "matroid secretary problem". In this problem, the elements of a matroid are presented to an online algorithm in random order. When an element arrives, the algorithm observes its value and must make an irrevocable decision regarding whether or not to accept it. The accepted elements must form an independent set, and the objective is to maximize the combined value of these elements. This paper presents an O(log k)-competitive algorithm for general matroids (where k is the rank of the matroid), and constant-competitive algorithms for several special cases including graphic matroids, truncated partition matroids, and bounded degree transversal matroids. We leave as an open question the existence of constant-competitive algorithms for general matroids. Our results have applications in welfare-maximizing online mechanism design for domains in which the sets of simultaneously satisfiable agents form a matroid.
A human model of intra-abdominal hypertension: even slightly elevated pressures lead to increased acute systemic inflammation and signs of acute kidney injury

phic eff ects on critically ill patients, but its patho physiology is only partially understood [1]. Oliguria and renal dysfunction are among the earliest signs of increasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) [2]. A number of diff erent pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible [1]. One of these may be an increase in pro-infl ammatory cytokines provoked by IAH [2]. In IAPs of greater than 20 mm Hg, an increase in circulating levels of a variety of infl ammatory mediators has been described [3]. We analyzed markers of infl ammation and renal function in a prospective randomized clinical trial. In this trial, 50 living kidney donors were randomly assigned between hand-assisted laparoscopy by a transperitoneal approach and open nephrectomy by a retroperitoneal approach [4]. In this human model of IAH, a carbon dioxide pneumo-peritoneum of 12 mm Hg was induced during the procedure in the laparoscopic group. Th e open nephrectomy group served as a control group, and IAH was not applied. Markers of systemic infl ammation – C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) – were determined in both groups peri-operatively. Th ese results were previously published in a large study on the eff ect of diff erent operative procedures on outcome of kidney donors [4]. As a marker of renal function, neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) in plasma and urine was determined in both groups at the start of the procedure and just before extraction of the donor kidney. All data are expressed as means with standard deviations. Paired t tests were performed to test for statistical signifi cance at every time point; a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant. CRP was 1.5 times higher after 24 hours and 1.3 times higher after 48 hours in the laparoscopic group. IL-6 was 1.5 times higher after 12 hours in the laparoscopic group. NGAL in plasma was 1.2 times higher just before extraction of the kidney in the laparoscopic group. NGAL in urine did not change (Figure 1). Although procedure time is shorter [4], laparoscopic nephrectomy leads to increased infl ammation and signs of renal injury. It is tempting to hypothesize that even mild IAH leads to mildly increased systemic infl am mation and increased plasma NGAL as a sign of acute kidney injury in this group. Other factors such as operative technique or infl ammation caused by carbon dioxide gas may contribute. Further studies to dissect the contributions of infl ammation, hemodynamics, and local pressure eff ects on renal injury in IAH are warranted.