LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mixture-of-Parts Pictorial Structures for Objects with Variable Part Sets

For many multi-part object classes, the set of parts can vary not only in location but also in type. For example, player formations in American football involve various subsets of player types, and the spatial constraints among players depend largely upon which subset of player types constitutes the formation. In this work, we study the problem of localizing and classifying the parts of such objects. Pictorial structures provide an efficient and robust mechanism for localizing object parts. Unfortunately, these models assume that each object instance involves the same set of parts, making it difficult to apply them directly in our setting. With this motivation, we introduce the mixture-of-parts pictorial structure (MoPPS) model, which is characterized by three components: a set of available parts, a set of constraints that specify legal part subsets, and a function that returns a pictorial structure for any legal part subset. MoPPS inference corresponds to jointly computing the most likely subset of parts and their positions. We propose a restricted, but useful, representation for MoPPS models that facilitates inference via branch-and-bound optimization, which we show is efficient in practice. Experiments in the challenging domain of American football show the effectiveness of the model and inference procedure.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Flower Extracts of Cassia auriculata

Since plants are used as therapeutic agents, the present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activities of flower extracts of Cassia auriculata. Studies on the antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of dry flower and ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of fresh flower of Cassia auriculata was conducted using agar disc diffusion method. The microorganisms used include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysentrae. The maximum activity was observed against all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 12.5mg/mL and 75mg/mL depending on microorganism and various extract. Presence of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponin, cardiac glycosides and steroids were observed. Cassia auriculata was observed to have antibacterial activity and can be used for medicinal purposes.
Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a selective drug against human cancers

Cancer is not one single disease entity but a collective of more than 100 neoplastic disorders, distinguished by the tissues and cell types from which they originate. Hence, it is a priori unlikely tha t chemotherapeutic drugs with comprehensive anticancer spectra can be developed. Drugs with selective toxicity for neoplastic diseases require for their development the recognition of vitally impor tan t biochemical differences between cancer cells and their normal counterparts as points of departure into drug design. The paucity of such informat ion has led to the int roduct ion of some drugs which are generally cytotoxic. Another shortcoming of cancer chemotherapy development is the use of fast growing experimental animal cancers as screening systems of which it is open to doub t tha t they represent valid test systems of neoplastic disease of man. One general characteristic of neoplastic cells is their insensitivity to contact inhibi t ion: growth of normal cells is controlled by contact with other cells while neoplastic cells are not inhibited by such contacts and invade healthy tissues. Gosalvez [1] has studied a series of compounds for action on the cell-membrane regulatory mechanism and has tested in vitro for the restorat ion of contact inhibi t ion in cultures of tumor cells. He obtained such "reverse transforma t ion" , i.e., a return of tumor cells to normal membrane function in vitro with t hiazolidine-4-car boxylic acid, T4C (Fig. 1). The compound is a reaction product of cysteine with formaldehyde and has been known since 1936 [2].
On the limits of steganography

In this paper, we clarify what steganography is and what it can do. We contrast it with the related disciplines of cryptography and traffic security, present a unified terminology agreed at the first international workshop on the subject, and outline a number of approaches—many of them developed to hide encrypted copyright marks or serial numbers in digital audio or video. We then present a number of attacks, some new, on such information hiding schemes. This leads to a discussion of the formidable obstacles that lie in the way of a general theory of information hiding systems (in the sense that Shannon gave us a general theory of secrecy systems). However, theoretical considerations lead to ideas of practical value, such as the use of parity checks to amplify covertness and provide public key steganography. Finally, we show that public key information hiding systems exist, and are not necessarily constrained to the case where the warden is passive. Keywords— Cryptography, Copyright protection, Data compression, Image registration, Jitter, Motion pictures, Multimedia systems, Music, Observability, Pseudonoise coded communication, Redundancy, Spread spectrum communication, Software protection
Association of Perception of Front-of-Pack Labels with Dietary, Lifestyle and Health Characteristics

OBJECTIVE
To identify patterns of perception of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels and determine dietary, lifestyle and health profiles related to such patterns.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional.


PARTICIPANTS/SETTING
28,952 French adults participating in the web-based Nutrinet-Santé cohort.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Perception was measured using indicators of understanding and acceptability for three simple FOP labels ("green tick", the logo of the French Nutrition and Health Program and "simple traffic lights" (STL)), and two detailed FOP formats ("multiple traffic lights" (MTL) and "color range" logo (CR)), placed on ready-to-eat soup packages. Dietary intake data were collected using three web-based 24 h records.


STATISTICAL ANALYSES
Associations of perception patterns with individual characteristics, including diet, lifestyle and health status, were examined using analysis of covariance and logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic and economic factors.


RESULTS
No clear trend emerged concerning differences in dietary intake between perception groups. Low physical activity and obesity were more frequent in the 'favorable to STL' group (respectively, 20.7% and 10.7%). The 'favorable to MTL' group included the highest percentage of individuals who declared type 2 diabetes (2.2%). Persons with hypertension were proportionally more numerous in the 'favorable to MTL' and the 'favorable to CR logo' groups (respectively, 9.5% and 9.3%).


CONCLUSIONS
After adjustment for socio-demographic and economic factors, no FOP label stood out as being more suitable than another for reaching populations with poor diet. However, both STL and MTL may be most appropriate for increasing awareness of healthy eating among groups at higher risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases.
The Pattern of E-Book Use amongst Undergraduates an Malaysia: A Case of to Know is to Use

This exploratory study focuses on identifying the usage pattern of e-books especially on how, when, where and why undergraduates at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology (FCSIT), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur use or do not use the e-books service provided by the University of Malaya library. A total of 206 (82%) useable questionnaires form the basis of analysis. The results indicate even though the students are heavy users of the Internet, rate themselves as skilled in Internet use and have positive attitude towards the e-book service, the level of e-book use is still low (39%). The students become aware of the e-book service mainly while visiting the University of Malaya Library Website, or are referred to it by their lecturers, friends or the librarians. About 70% rate positively on the e-book service. Those who are users of e-books find e-books easy to use and their usages are mainly for writing assignment or project work. Most respondents prefer to use e-versions of textbooks and reference sources. Generally, both users and non-users of e-books prefer to use the printed version of textbooks especially if the text is continuously used. There are significant difference between the frequency of e-book use and gender; between past usage of e-book and preference for electronic textbooks and reference books. The possible factors which may be related to e-book use are categorized into 4 groups and presented in a model, which comprises the ICT competencies of the students, their cognitive makeup, the degree of user access to the e-books and the functional or use factors.
Embedded system for Hazardous Gas detection and Alerting

Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the work is designing microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous gases like LPG and propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases exceed the normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the authorized person through the GSM. The advantage of this automated detection and alerting system over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection of an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation. KeywordsAir pollution Monitoring, gas sensors, GSM module, wireless networks.
Burnout prevention: a review of intervention programs.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs at the workplace or elsewhere aimed at preventing burnout, a leading cause of work related mental health impairment.


METHODS
A systematic search of burnout intervention studies was conducted in the databases Medline, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX from 1995 to 2007. Data was also extracted from papers found through a hand search.


RESULTS
A total of 25 primary intervention studies were reviewed. Seventeen (68%) were person-directed interventions, 2 (8%) were organization-directed and 6 (24%) were a combination of both interventions types. Eighty percent of all programs led to a reduction in burnout. Person-directed interventions reduced burnout in the short term (6 months or less), while a combination of both person- and organization-directed interventions had longer lasting positive effects (12 months and over). In all cases, positive intervention effects diminished in the course of time.


CONCLUSION
Intervention programs against burnout are beneficial and can be enhanced with refresher courses. Better implemented programs including both person- and organization-directed measures should be offered and evaluated.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
A combination of both intervention types should be further investigated, optimized and practiced. Institutions should recognize the need for and make burnout intervention programs available to employees.
The development of evidence-based clinical simulation scenarios: guidelines for nurse educators.

Clinical simulation has been recognized as a teaching method using learning exercises that closely mimic real-life situations. The development of evidence-based clinical simulation scenarios and guidelines for nurses is an important step in redesigning nursing education. These scenarios are created for students to learn in a safe environment. Simulated clinical experience requires immersing students in a representative patient-care scenario, a setting that mimics the actual environment with sufficient realism to allow learners to suspend disbelief. The purpose of this article is to discuss the Bay Area Simulation Collaborative's development of guidelines for effective evidence-based scenarios for use in hospitals and nursing schools. Six scholarly articles were reviewed and evaluated to determine whether evidence-based guidelines for scenario development exist and whether consensus in the literature regarding best practice is evident.
Multi-processor Schedulability Analysis of Preemptive Real-Time Tasks with Variable Execution Times

In this paper, we study schedulability analysis problems for multi-processor real-time systems. Assume a set of real time tasks whose execution times and deadlines are known. We use timed automata to describe the non-deterministic arrival times of tasks. The schedulability problem is to check whether the released task instances can be executed within their given deadlines on a multi-processor platform where each processor has a task queue to bu er task instances scheduled to run on the processor. On the positive side, we show that the problem is decidable for systems with non-preemptive schedulers or tasks with xed execution times. A surprising negative result is that for multi-processor systems with variable task execution times and a non-preemptive scheduler, the schedulability analysis problem is undecidable, which is still an open problem in the single-processor setting.
Farm Household Production Efficiency: Evidence from The Gambia

This article investigates the economic efficiency of farm households, with an application to The Gambia. The efficiency analysis is conducted not at the farm level but at the household level, thus capturing the importance of off-farm activities. Output-based measures of technical, allocative, and scale efficiency are generated using nonparametric measurements. An econometric analysis of factors affecting the efficiency indexes is then conducted using a Tobit model. Technical efficiency is fairly high indicating that access to technology is not a severe constraint for most farm households. The cost of scale inefficiency is modest. Allocative inefficiency by contrast is found to be important for the majority of farm households. On the basis of the Tobit results, imperfections in markets for financial capital and nonfarm employment contribute to significant allocative inefficiency.
Cervical cancer screening in Serbia Skrining karcinoma grlia materice u Srbiji

The article focuses on the beginning of cervical cancer screening in Serbia. The opportunistic screening was introduced in a regular gynecological practice in the early sixties and preventive gynecological examination has been performed since then on a yearly basis. The proportion of population screened was unknown, and the standards for quality assurance and control were not available. The national program for such screening was established in 2011 encouraging women between 25 and 69 years to undergo a preventive gynecological examination together with Pap smear once in a 3-year period . Based on the experience of countries with effectively organized screening programs, a decision was made in 2006 by the Minister of Health to nominate a group of experts to prepare a proposal for organized cervical cancer screening program after testing the methodology in a pilot study in the District of Brani evo. The specific objectives were to evaluate the reduction of the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in the Province by means of an organized low-intensity cervical cytology program, as well as to demonstrate the different aspects of program implementation as a potential model for nationwide implementation. Screening activities were integrated in the existing health care system. Organized screening for women in the target population (aged 25–69 years) were planned to be free of charge. Sample taking was done by the gynecologists and primary health care personnel in the local health care centers. Sample quality was under continuous control by the cytology laboratories. Confirmation and treatment were integrated into the normal health care routines. The screening results of the program, including the histologically confirmed diagnosis, were registered at the National Cancer Institute . The impact of the screening program was assessed indirectly by comparing trends in invasive cervical cancer, changes in coverage, and changes in the interval between Pap smears.
A survey of graphs in natural language processing

Graphs are a powerful representation formalism that can be applied to a variety of aspects related to language processing. We provide an overview of how Natural Language Processing (NLP) problems have been projected into the graph framework, focusing in particular on graph construction – a crucial step in modeling the data to emphasize the phenomena targeted.
PWM Plus Phase Angle Shift (PPAS) Control Scheme for Combined Multiport DC/DC Converters

Multiport dc/dc converters are widely employed in hybrid energy generation systems to provide stable power to key loads with high power density. In this paper, the switch duty cycle and the phase angle of the interleaved converters are employed as two control freedoms to achieve decoupled voltage regulation within a certain operating range among different ports, which is referred to as pulsewidth modulation plus phase angle shift (PPAS) control scheme. An interleaved bidirectional buck-boost converter and a full-bridge converter are integrated together to derive a combined three-port dc/dc converter for photovoltaic (PV)-battery hybrid energy systems, which is adopted as a typical example to explore the clear performance of the proposed PPAS control strategy. The bidirectional buck-boost converter and the full-bridge converter share the same power MOSFETs in the primary side, which simplifies the circuit structure and improves the power density. The duty cycle of the interleaved bidirectional buck-boost converter is adopted to realize the maximum power point tracking and the voltage balance between the battery and the PV cell in the primary side. Furthermore, the phase angle of the interleaved buck-boost converter is employed as another control freedom to achieve accurate secondary output voltage regulation. Finally, a 100-W PV-Battery energy system is designed and tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Statin use and risk for cataract: a nested case-control study of 2 populations in Canada and the United States.

BACKGROUND
In current literature the association between statin use and cataracts is inconsistent and controversial. We sought to further examine the effect of statin use on the risk of cataract and need for surgical intervention in 2 North American populations.


METHODS
This retrospective nested case-control study derived data from the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Health databases from 2000-2007 and the IMS LifeLink database from 2001-2011 to form 2 patient cohorts. The BC cohort was comprised of female and male patients; 162,501 patients were matched with 650,004 control subjects. The IMS LifeLink cohort was comprised of male patients aged 40-85 years; 45,065 patients were matched with 450,650 control subjects. Patients with statin use for > 1 year before the initial ophthalmology visit were identified. Diagnosis and surgical management of cataract were followed. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze data.


RESULTS
For the BC cohort, the crude rate ratio (RR) for use of any statin was 1.30, and the adjusted RR was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.30). The adjusted RRs for each individual statin were all statistically significant. For the IMS LifeLink cohort, the crude RR for use of any statin was 1.13, and the adjusted RR was 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.10).


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that statin use is significantly associated with cataract requiring surgical intervention. This relationship was consistent in both North American cohorts. Further assessment of this relationship is recommended, especially because of increased statin use and the importance of acceptable vision in old age when cardiovascular disease is common.
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Anthracycline-Based Regimens Combined With Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Operable Breast Cancer.

UNLABELLED
We treated patients with operable human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with neoadjuvant anthracycline regimens followed by nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel plus trastuzumab. Of the 44 patients, 49% achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). The pCR rate was 36% and 71% in the patients with estrogen receptor-positive and -negative cancer, respectively. Neoadjuvant therapy using this combination appears to be effective and safe. Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab.


INTRODUCTION
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab results in a 30% to 50% pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer and has been associated with improved therapeutic outcomes. Thus, the pCR rate can be useful in evaluating novel agents in this patient population. Nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel (PTX) can reduce the toxicity of PTX while maintaining its efficacy. The present study evaluated the activity and safety of nab-PTX as a neoadjuvant treatment of HER2(+) breast cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We treated patients with stage I to IIIA breast cancer using neoadjuvant epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) or 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks (q3w) for 4 cycles, followed by nab-PTX (260 mg/m(2)) plus trastuzumab q3w for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. The secondary endpoints included the clinical response rate, disease-free survival, pathologic response rate (defined as pCR or minimal residual invasive disease only in the breast), breast-conserving surgery rate, and safety.


RESULTS
Forty-six patients were enrolled. One patient met the exclusion criteria because of the coexistence of another malignant disease; therefore, we evaluated 45 patients in the entire study. One patient experienced rapid disease progression during EC therapy, leaving 44 patients evaluable for nab-PTX treatment. Of the 45 patients, 49% achieved a pCR. The pCR rate was 36% and 71% in those with estrogen receptor-positive and -negative cancer, respectively. Of all the study treatments, the most frequent reason for delay or dose reduction was hematologic toxicity; only 1 patient required a dose reduction for nab-PTX because of peripheral neuropathy.


CONCLUSION
Neoadjuvant therapy using this combination appears to be effective and safe.