LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular reverse remodeling in percutaneous and surgical aortic bioprostheses: an echocardiographic study.

BACKGROUND
Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the definitive proven therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who have symptoms or decreased left ventricular (LV) function. The development of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) offers a viable and "less invasive" option for the treatment of patients with critical aortic stenosis at high risk with conventional approaches. The main objective of this study was the comparison of LV hemodynamic and structural modifications (reverse remodeling) between percutaneous and surgical approaches in the treatment of severe aortic stenosis.


METHODS
Fifty-eight patients who underwent TAVI with the CoreValve bioprosthetic valve were compared with 58 patients with similar characteristics who underwent SAVR. Doppler echocardiographic data were obtained before the intervention, at discharge, and after 6-month to 12-month follow-up.


RESULTS
Mean transprosthetic gradient at discharge was lower (P<.003) in the TAVI group (10±5 mm Hg) compared with the SAVR group (14±5 mm Hg) and was confirmed at follow-up (10±4 vs 13±4 mm Hg, respectively, P<.001). Paravalvular leaks were more frequent in the TAVI group (trivial to mild, 69%; moderate, 14%) than in the SAVR group (trivial to mild, 30%; moderate, 0%) (P<.0001). The incidence of severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) was significantly lower (P<.004) in the TAVI group (12%) compared with the SAVR group (36%). At follow-up, LV mass and LV mass indexed to height and to body surface area improved in both groups, with no significant difference. In patients with severe PPM, only the TAVI subgroup showed significant reductions in LV mass. LV ejection fraction improved at follow-up significantly only in TAVI patients compared with baseline values (from 50.2±9.6% to 54.8±7.3%, P<.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Hemodynamic performance after TAVI was shown to be superior to that after SAVR in terms of transprosthetic gradient, LV ejection fraction, and the prevention of severe PPM, but with a higher incidence of aortic regurgitation. Furthermore, LV reverse remodeling was observed in all patients in the absence of PPM, while the same remodeling occurred only in the TAVI subgroup when severe PPM was present.
The importance of the unsuppressed glands in the study of intact parathyroid hormone disappearance after parathyroid adenomectomy.

BACKGROUND
In the usual techniques for intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) monitoring for primary hyperparathyroidism, the normal glands are implicitly considered suppressed. On the contrary, we believe, as do other researchers, that they are not totally suppressed.


METHODS
For this reason, we considered the introduction of an infusion from the unsuppressed normal glands (UNG), described by an influx constant (IC (pg/ml per min)), into the formulation of a two-compartment model. For the blood compartment, we have: C(t)=A.exp(-at)+B.exp(-bt)+EV, where A+B+EV=iPTH concentration at zero time (clamping), EV (equilibrium value)=IC/k, 'a' and 'b' are reciprocals of the time constants of the two exponentials and k=rate constant of elimination from the blood. The experimental data were obtained using an IRMA standard method, collecting samples in 20 patients, during and following adenomectomy.


RESULTS
In spite of the variability among the patients, all fits were very good, thus confirming the importance of the UNG contribution to the shaping of the disappearance curve. For this reason, the relationship between the constant infusion from the UNG and the basal iPTH level at the induction of anaesthesia (BV), was studied.


CONCLUSIONS
The existence of a negative correlation, together with the determination of a regression curve (IC=6.5BV), not only confirmed our assumptions, but also revealed the theoretical possibility of a priori knowledge of the iPTH contribution from the UNG. Hence, there is a theoretical possibility of discriminating between this contribution and that of the remaining (if any) affected gland(s).
Combining Decision Procedures

We give a detailed survey of the current state-of-the-art methods for combining decision procedures. We review the Nelson-Oppen combination method, Shostak method, and some very recent results on the combination of theories over non-disjoint signatures.
Treatments for Parkinson disease--past achievements and current clinical needs.

Although idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) remains the only neurodegenerative disorder for which there are highly effective symptomatic therapies, there are still major unmet needs regarding its long-term management. Although levodopa continues as the gold standard for efficacy, its chronic use is associated with potentially disabling motor complications. Current evidence suggests that these are related to mode of administration, whereby multiple oral doses of levodopa generate pulsatile stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors. Current dopamine agonists, while producing more constant plasma levels, fail to match levodopa's efficacy. Strategies to treat levodopa-related motor complications are only partially effective, rarely abolishing motor fluctuations or dyskinesias. Best results are currently achieved with invasive strategies via subcutaneous (s.c.) or intraduodenal delivery of apomorphine or levodopa, or deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Another area of major unmet medical need is related to nondopaminergic and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Targeting transmitter systems beyond the dopamine system is an interesting approach, both for the motor and nonmotor problems of PD. So far, clinical trial evidence regarding 5-HT agonists, glutamate antagonists, adenosine A(2) antagonists and alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists, has been inconsistent, but trials with cholinesterase inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics to treat dementia and psychosis, have been successful. However, the ultimate goal of PD medical management is modifying disease progression, thereby delaying the evolution of motor and nonmotor complications of advanced disease. As understanding of preclinical markers for PD develops, there is new hope for neuropreventive strategies to target "at risk" populations before clinical onset of disease.
Relationship between flow-mediated vasodilation and cardiovascular risk factors in a large community-based study

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationships between flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and cardiovascular risk factors, and to evaluate confounding factors for measurement of FMD in a large general population in Japan.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 5314 Japanese adults recruited from people who underwent health screening from 1 April 2010 to 31 August 2012 at 3 general hospitals in Japan. Patients' risk factors (age, Body Mass Index, blood pressure, cholesterol parameters, glucose level and HbA1c level) and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease) were investigated.


RESULTS
Univariate regression analysis revealed that FMD correlated with age (r=-0.27, p<0.001), Body Mass Index (r=-0.14, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.18, p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.13, p<0.001), total cholesterol (r=-0.07, p<0.001), triglycerides (r=-0.10, p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.06, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.04, p=0.01), glucose level (r=-0.14, p<0.001), HbA1c (r=-0.14, p<0.001), and baseline brachial artery diameter (r=-0.43, p<0.001) as well as Framingham Risk score (r=-0.29, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (t value=-9.17, p<0.001), sex (t value=9.29, p<0.001), Body Mass Index (t value=4.27, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (t value=-2.86, p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (t value=-4.19, p<0.001), smoking (t value=-2.56, p=0.01), and baseline brachial artery diameter (t value=-29.4, p<0.001) were independent predictors of FMD.


CONCLUSIONS
FMD may be a marker of the grade of atherosclerosis and may be used as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular outcomes. Age, sex, Body Mass Index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking and, particularly, baseline brachial artery diameter are potential confounding factors in the measurement of FMD.
82-1041 Identifying Information Security Threats

The success of an enterprises information security risk-based management program is based on the accurate identification of the threats to the organization's information systems. This article presents a structured approach for identifying an enterprise-specific threat population, which is an essential first step for security planners who are involved in developing cost-effective strategies for addressing their organizations' information security risks.
Parkinson disease: systemic and orofacial manifestations, medical and dental management.

BACKGROUND
More than 1.5 million Americans have Parkinson disease (PD), and this figure is expected to rise as the population ages. However, the dental literature offers little information about the illness.


TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors conducted a MEDLINE search using the key terms "Parkinson's disease," "medical management" and "dentistry." They selected contemporaneous articles published in peer-reviewed journals and gave preference to articles reporting randomized controlled trials.


RESULTS
PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons in the brain. These deficits result in tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity, postural instability and autonomic and behavioral dysfunction. Treatment consists of administering medications that replace dopamine, stimulate dopamine receptors and modulate other neurotransmitter systems.


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Oral health may decline because of tremors, muscle rigidity and cognitive deficits. The dentist should consult with the patient's physician to establish the patient's competence to provide informed consent and to determine the presence of comorbid illnesses. Scheduling short morning appointments that begin 90 minutes after administration of PD medication enhances the patient's ability to cooperate with care. Inclination of the dental chair at 45 degrees, placement of a bite prop, use of a rubber dam and high-volume oral evacuation enhance airway protection. To avoid adverse drug interactions with levodopa and entacapone, the dentist should limit administration of local anesthetic agents to three cartridges of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine per half hour, and patients receiving selegiline should not be given agents containing epinephrine or levonordefrin. The dentist should instruct the patient and the caregiver in good oral hygiene techniques.
Fuel Optimized Predictive Following in Low Speed Conditions Master's thesis performed at Vehicular Systems

The situation when driving in dense traffic and at low speeds is called Stop and Go. A controller for automatic following of the car in front could under these conditions reduce the driver’s workload and keep a safety distance to the preceding vehicle through different choices of gear and engine torque. The aim of this thesis is to develop such a controller, with an additional focus on lowering the fuel consumption. With help of GPS, 3D-maps and sensors information about the slope of the road and the preceding vehicle can be obtained. Using this information the controller is able to predict future possible control actions and an optimization algorithm can then find the best inputs with respect to some criteria. The control method used is Model Predictive Control (MPC) and as the name indicate a model of the control object is required for the prediction. To find the optimal sequence of inputs, the optimization method Dynamic Programming choose the one which lead to the lowest fuel consumption and satisfactory following. Simulations have been made using a reference trajectory which was measured in a real traffic jam. The simulations show that it is possible to follow the preceding vehicle in a good way and at the same time reduce the fuel consumption with approximately 3 %.
Analysis and Compensation of Transmitter IQ Imbalances in OFDMA and SC-FDMA Systems

One limiting issue in implementing high-speed wireless systems is the impairment associated with analog processing due to component imperfections. In uplink transmission of multiuser systems, a major source of such impairment is in-phase/quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) introduced at multiple transmitters. In this paper, we deal with orthogonal-frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) which have received attention in recent years as physical layer protocol in WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and analyze the effect of the transmitter (Tx) IQIs on OFDMA and SC-FDMA receivers. To cope with the interuser interference problem due to Tx IQIs, we propose a widely linear receiver for OFDMA and SC-FDMA systems and also propose a novel subcarrier allocation scheme, which has high tolerance to such Tx IQ distortion.
Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.

Véronique L. Roger, MD, MPH, FAHA; Alan S. Go, MD; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, FAHA; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA; Jarett D. Berry, MD; William B. Borden, MD; Dawn M. Bravata, MD; Shifan Dai, MD, PhD*; Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH, FAHA*; Caroline S. Fox, MD, MPH; Heather J. Fullerton, MD; Cathleen Gillespie, MS*; Susan M. Hailpern, DPH, MS; John A. Heit, MD, FAHA; Virginia J. Howard, PhD, FAHA; Brett M. Kissela, MD; Steven J. Kittner, MD, FAHA; Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, MSPH, FAHA; Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH; Lynda D. Lisabeth, PhD, FAHA; Diane M. Makuc, DrPH*; Gregory M. Marcus, MD, MAS, FAHA; Ariane Marelli, MD, MPH; David B. Matchar, MD, FAHA; Claudia S. Moy, PhD, MPH; Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA; Michael E. Mussolino, PhD; Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FAHA; Nina P. Paynter, PhD, MHSc; Elsayed Z. Soliman, MD, MSc, MS; Paul D. Sorlie, PhD; Nona Sotoodehnia, MD, MPH; Tanya N. Turan, MD, FAHA; Salim S. Virani, MD; Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FAHA; Daniel Woo, MD, MS, FAHA; Melanie B. Turner, MPH; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Image-Based Stereoscopic painterly Rendering

We present a new image-based stereoscopic painterly algorithm that we use to automatically generate stereoscopic paintings. Our work is motivated by contemporary painters who have explored the aesthetic implications of painting stereo pairs of canvases. We base our method on two real images, acquired from spatially displaced cameras. We derive a depth map by utilizing computer vision depth-from-stereo techniques and use this information to plan and render stereo paintings. These paintings can be viewed stereoscopically, in which case the pictorial medium is perceptually extended by the viewer to better suggest the sense of distance.
Personalization and Adaptation to the Medium and Context in a Fall Detection System

The main objective of this paper is to present a distributed processing architecture that explicitly integrates capabilities for its continuous adaptation to the medium, the context, and the user. This architecture is applied to a falling detection system through: (1) an optimization module that finds the optimal operation parameters for the detection algorithms of the system devices; (2) a distributed processing architecture that provides capabilities for remote firmware update of the smart sensors. The smart sensor also provides an estimation of activities of daily living (ADL), which results very useful in monitoring of the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. The developed experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the system and specifically, the accuracy of the proposed algorithms and procedures (100% success for impact detection, 100% sensitivity and 95.68% specificity rates for fall detection, and 100% success for ADL level classification). Although the experiments have been developed with a cohort of young volunteers, the personalization and adaption mechanisms of the proposed architecture related to the concepts of "design for all" and "design space" will significantly ease the adaptation of the system for its application to the elderly.
Asymmetric interaction and indeterminate fitness correlation between cooperative partners in the fig–fig wasp mutualism

Empirical observations have shown that cooperative partners can compete for common resources, but what factors determine whether partners cooperate or compete remain unclear. Using the reciprocal fig-fig wasp mutualism, we show that nonlinear amplification of interference competition between fig wasps-which limits the fig wasps' ability to use a common resource (i.e. female flowers)-keeps the common resource unsaturated, making cooperation locally stable. When interference competition was manually prevented, the fitness correlation between figs and fig wasps went from positive to negative. This indicates that genetic relatedness or reciprocal exchange between cooperative players, which could create spatial heterogeneity or self-restraint, was not sufficient to maintain stable cooperation. Moreover, our analysis of field-collected data shows that the fitness correlation between cooperative partners varies stochastically, and that the mainly positive fitness correlation observed during the warm season shifts to a negative correlation during the cold season owing to an increase in the initial oviposition efficiency of each fig wasp. This implies that the discriminative sanction of less-cooperative wasps (i.e. by decreasing the egg deposition efficiency per fig wasp) but reward to cooperative wasps by fig, a control of the initial value, will facilitate a stable mutualism. Our finding that asymmetric interaction leading to an indeterminate fitness interaction between symbiont (i.e. cooperative actors) and host (i.e. recipient) has the potential to explain why conflict has been empirically observed in both well-documented intraspecific and interspecific cooperation systems.
SemCiR: A citation recommendation system based on a novel semantic distance measure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel citation recommendation system that inputs a text and recommends publications that should be cited by it. Its goal is to help researchers in finding related works. Further, this paper seeks to explore the effect of using relational features in addition to textual features on the quality of recommended citations. Design/methodology/approach – In order to propose a novel citation recommendation system, first a new relational similarity measure is proposed for calculating the relatedness of two publications. Then, a recommendation algorithm is presented that uses both relational and textual features to compute the semantic distances of publications of a bibliographic dataset from the input text. Findings – The evaluation of the proposed system shows that combining relational features with textual features leads to better recommendations, in comparison with relying only on the textual features. It also demonstrates that citation context plays an important role among textual features. In addition, it is concluded that different relational features have different contributions to the proposed similarity measure. Originality/value – A new citation recommendation system is proposed which uses a novel semantic distance measure. This measure is based on textual similarities and a new relational similarity concept. The other contribution of this paper is that it sheds more light on the importance of citation context in citation recommendation, by providing more evidences through analysis of the results. In addition, a genetic algorithm is developed for assigning weights to the relational features in the similarity measure.
Effects of a selectively bred novelty-seeking phenotype on the motivation to take cocaine in male and female rats

Gender and enhanced novelty reactivity can predispose certain individuals to drug abuse. Previous research in male and female rats selectively bred for high or low locomotor reactivity to novelty found that bred High Responders (bHRs) acquire cocaine self-administration more rapidly than bred Low Responders (bLRs) and that bHR females in particular self-administered more cocaine than the other groups. The experiments presented here aimed to determine whether an individual's sex and behavioral phenotype interact to affect motivation to take cocaine. We examined motivation for taking cocaine in two experiments using a range of doses on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of responding in bHR or bLR males and females. Additionally, we included a measure of continuing to respond in the absence of reinforcement, a feature of addiction that has been recently incorporated into tests of animal models on the basis of the criteria for substance use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18.0 software. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni correction post hoc test when applicable. We found sex differences as well as effects of novelty reactivity on the motivation to self-administer cocaine. Specifically, females demonstrated higher breaking points on the PR schedule compared with males, regardless of phenotype, and bHR males and females exhibited higher motivation than bLR animals at a number of the doses studied. An individual's sex continues to be a predisposing factor with respect to drug abuse liability and can be compounded by additional individual differences such as reactivity to novelty.
The ConceptMapper Approach to Named Entity Recognition

ConceptMapper is an open source tool we created for classifying mentions in an unstructured text document based on concept terminologies and yielding named entities as output. It is implemented as a UIMA1 (Unstructured Information Management Architecture (IBM, 2004)) annotator, and concepts come from standardised or proprietary terminologies. ConceptMapper can be easily configured, for instance, to use different search strategies or syntactic concepts. In this paper we will describe ConceptMapper, its configuration parameters and their trade-offs, in terms of precision and recall in identifying concepts in a collection of clinical reports written in English. ConceptMapper is available from the Apache UIMA Sandbox, using the Apache Open Source license.
Multiple sclerosis in Finland: incidence trends and differences in relapsing remitting and primary progressive disease courses.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the secular trends and geographical differences in the incidence of relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Finland, and to draw inferences about aetiological differences between the two forms of the disease.


METHODS
New multiple sclerosis cases in southern Uusimaa and the western districts Vaasa and Seinäjoki of Finland in 1979-1993 were verified from hospital records and classified into RRMS and PPMS. Patients met the Poser criteria for definite multiple sclerosis or otherwise satisfied the criteria for PPMS. Disease course was categorised by the same neurologist. Crude and age adjusted incidence in 1979-1993 was estimated.


RESULTS
During 1979-1993 the age adjusted incidence was 5.1 per 100 000 person-years in Uusimaa, 5.2 in Vaasa, and 11.6 in Seinäjoki. The rates in Uusimaa remained stable, while a decrease occurred in Vaasa and an increase in Seinäjoki. Between 1979-86 and 1987-93 the incidence of PPMS increased in Seinäjoki from 2.6 to 3.7 per 10(5) and decreased in Vaasa from 1.9 to 0.2 per 10(5); the trends were similar for RRMS.


CONCLUSIONS
There are significant differences in secular trends for multiple sclerosis incidence in Finland by geographical area, but these are similar for PPMS and RRMS. The recent changes point to locally acting environmental factors. The parallel incidence trends for RRMS and PPMS suggest similar environmental triggers for the two clinical presentations of multiple sclerosis.