LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Sense of Place: The Political Landscape in Late Medieval Japan by David Spafford (review)

A Sense of Placedefiesexpectations.� Thebook'sprimarysubjectsare� thelandandwarriorsofeasternJapanduringthemedievalage,�astory� thatreadersmightimaginewouldrevolvearoundbattlefieldtactics,� politicalintrigue,� andchangeinspiredbysocialfragmentation.� The� authorinsteaddeliversabeguilingstudyofattachmenttoplace,� of� movement,� ofpoetryinmotion,� andofakindofpoliticalinertia—all� ofwhichSpaffordlabels� "thepersistentmedieval."� Themonographis� wide-rangingbutboundedalwaysbytheKantō, progressingfromthe� grassesofMusashinotothelexiconofwordsdescribingboundaries,� andfromthepartitioningofeasternestatestotheregularrelocation� ofwarriorencampments.� Witty,� complex,� andattimesambiguous,� the� writingcanbefrustrating,� butreaderlyperseverancepaysoff.� Thebook� endsupbeingthemostcompellingEnglish-languagestudyinthefield� ofmedievalJapanesehistoryinmanyyears. � Chapter� 1,�"TheGrassesofMusashino,"� setsthetonefortheentire� studybyforegroundingeasternJapanthroughitsrepresentationby� travelingpoets,� authorswho,� havingbeenforcedoutofKyotobythe� firesofcivilwar,� broughtacapital-centricgazeandcourtlylexiconto� bearontheirwanderingsthroughtheKantō.� Particularlypowerfulis� Spafford'sexplorationofthepoetryoftheMusashiplainanditsmost� commonimage,� thegrassesthatmarkedtheotherwise� (ostensibly)� emptyfieldsoftheeast.� Gradually,� asmorepoetsspentmoretimein� thesegrassymeadows,� andindeedindialecticalpoeticexchangeswith� the� "rustic"� locals,� the� "stockportrayal"� (p.� 55)�gavewaytoanincreas - inglynuancedrepresentationoftheregion;� asSpaffordputsit,� "We� canseesomeoftheunrulinessofactualexperience—oratleastthe�
EFFECTS OF A SECURE ATTACHMENT RELATIONSHIP ON RIGHT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT , AFFECT REGULATION , AND INFANT MENTAL HEALTH

Over the last ten years the basic knowledge of brain structure and function has vastly expanded, and its incorporation into the developmental sciences is now allowing for more complex and heuristic models of human infancy. In a continuation of this effort, in this two-part work I integrate current interdisciplinary data from attachment studies on dyadic affective communications, neuroscience on the early developing right brain, psychophysiology on stress systems, and psychiatry on psychopathogenesis to provide a deeper understanding of the psychoneurobiological mechanisms that underlie infant mental health. In this article I detail the neurobiology of a secure attachment, an exemplar of adaptive infant mental health, and focus upon the primary caregiver’s psychobiological regulation of the infant’s maturing limbic system, the brain areas specialized for adapting to a rapidly changing environment. The infant’s early developing right hemisphere has deep connections into the limbic and autonomic nervous systems and is dominant for the human stress response, and in this manner the attachment relationship facilitates the expansion of the child’s coping capcities. This model suggests that adaptive infant mental health can be fundamentally defined as the earliest expression of flexible strategies for coping with the novelty and stress that is inherent in human interactions. This efficient right brain function is a resilience factor for optimal development over the later stages of the life cycle. RESUMEN: En los últimos diez an ̃os el conocimiento ba ́sico de la estructura y funcio ́n del cerebro se ha expandido considerablemente, y su incorporacio ́n mo parte de las ciencias del desarrollo permite ahora tener modelos de infancia humana ma ́s complejos y heurı ́sticos. Como una continuacio ́n a este esfuerzo, en este ensayo que contiene dos partes, se integra la actual informacio ́n interdisciplinaria que proviene de los estudios de la unio ́n afectiva en relacio ́n con comunicaciones afectivas en forma de dı ́adas, la neurociencia en el desarrollo inicial del lado derecho del cerebro, la sicofisiologı ́a de los sistemas de tensión emocional, ası ́ como la siquiatrı ́a en cuanto a la sicopatoge ́nesis, con el fin de presentar un conocimiento ma ́s profundo de los mecanismos siconeurobiolo ́gic s que sirven de base para la salud mental infantil. En este ensayo se explica con detalle la neurobiologı ́a de una relacio ́n afectiva segura, un modelo de salud mental infantil que se puede adaptar, y el enfoque del mismo se centra en la reglamentacio ́n sicobiológica que quien primariamente cuida del nin ̃o tiene del maduramiento del sistema lı́mbico del infante, o sea, las a ́reas del cerebro especialmente dedicadas a la adaptacio ́n un medio Direct correspondence to: Allan N. Schore, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, 9817 Sylvia Avenue, Northridge, CA 91324; fax: (818) 349-4404; e-mail: anschore@aol.com. 8 ● A.N. Schore IMHJ (Wiley) LEFT INTERACTIVE
Immigration in France : toward a not so open policy

This article was written thirty years before the 2015 Islamist attacks in France. In the mid-1980s, France asks - already - on its immigration and integration policy; France asked about his nationality code; France modifies its law to facilitate the return of illegal immigrants; she asks how successfully integrate with the growing weight of Islam. After analyzing data on immigration in France, this paper proposes three scenarios.
Chemotherapy: The role of ifosfamide and etoposide in Ewing sarcoma

The EICESS-92 Trial compared the efficacy of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Subgroup analysis suggested that patients with large, localized tumors benefited from the addition of etoposide, whereas patients with metastases did not.
Cliques in Hyperbolic Random Graphs

Most complex real world networks display scale-free features. This characteristic motivated the study of numerous random graph models with a power-law degree distribution. There is, however, no established and simple model which also has a high clustering of vertices as typically observed in real data. Hyperbolic random graphs bridge this gap. This natural model has recently been introduced by Krioukov et al. (in Phys Rev E 82(3):036106, 2010) and has shown theoretically and empirically to fulfill all typical properties of real world networks, including power-law degree distribution and high clustering. We study cliques in hyperbolic random graphs G and present new results on the expected number of k-cliques $$\mathbb {E}\left[ K_k\right] $$ EKk and the size of the largest clique $$\omega (G)$$ ω(G) . We observe that there is a phase transition at power-law exponent $$\beta = 3$$ β=3 . More precisely, for $$\beta \in (2,3)$$ β∈(2,3) we prove $$\mathbb {E}\left[ K_k\right] =n^{k (3-\beta )/2} \varTheta (k)^{-k}$$ EKk=nk(3-β)/2Θ(k)-k and $$\omega (G)=\varTheta (n^{(3-\beta )/2})$$ ω(G)=Θ(n(3-β)/2) , while for $$\beta \geqslant 3$$ β⩾3 we prove $$\mathbb {E}\left[ K_k\right] =n \, \varTheta (k)^{-k} $$ EKk=nΘ(k)-k and $$\omega (G)=\varTheta (\log (n)/ \log \log n)$$ ω(G)=Θ(log(n)/loglogn) . Furthermore, we show that for $$\beta \geqslant 3$$ β⩾3 , cliques in hyperbolic random graphs can be computed in time $$\mathcal {O}(n)$$ O(n) . If the underlying geometry is known, cliques can be found with worst-case runtime $$\mathcal {O}(m \cdot n^{2.5})$$ O(m·n2.5) for all values of $$\beta $$ β .
SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH SHADE SELECTION : A REVIEW

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Ibn-e-Siena Hospital and Research Institute, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3 Head Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan For Correspondence: Dr Salman Ahmad, House No 10, Street No 2, Gulshan Sakhi Sultan Colony, Surej Miani Road, Multan, Pakistan. Email: drsalman21@gmail.com. Cell: 0300–8732017 INTRODUCTION
LEXICAL PREDICTORS OFPERSONALITY TYPE

We are currently pursuing methods for “author profiling” in w hich various aspects of the author’s identity might be identified from a text, with out necessarily having a corpus of documents from the same individual. A key componen t of such an identity profile is personality; this paper addresses distinguishin g igh from low neuroticism and extraversion in authors of informal text. We consider fo ur different sets of lexical features for this task: a standard function word list, conju nctive phrases, modality indicators, and appraisal adjectives and modifiers. SMO, a suppo rt vector machine learner, was used to learn linear separators for the high and low class es in each of the two tasks. We find that appraisal use is the best predictor for neurotici sm, and that function words work best for extraversion. Further, examination of the spe cifically most important features yields insight into how neuroticism and extraversion differentially affect language use.
Conjugate direction particle swarm optimization solving systems of nonlinear equations

Solving systems of nonlinear equations is a difficult problem in numerical computation. For most numerical methods such as the Newton’s method for solving systems of nonlinear equations, their convergence and performance characteristics can be highly sensitive to the initial guess of the solution supplied to the methods. However, it is difficult to select a good initial guess formost systems of nonlinear equations. Aiming to solve these problems, Conjugate Direction Particle Swarm Optimization (CDPSO) was put forward, which introduced conjugate direction method into Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)in order to improve PSO, and enable PSO to effectively optimize high-dimensional optimization problem. In one optimization problem, when after some iterations PSO got trapped in local minimawith local optimal solution x, conjugate directionmethodwas appliedwith x as a initial guess to optimize the problem to help PSO overcome localminima by changing highdimension function optimization problem into low-dimensional function optimization problem. Because PSO is efficient in solving the low-dimension function optimization problem, PSO can efficiently optimize high-dimensional function optimization problem by this tactic. Since CDPSO has the advantages of Method of Conjugate Direction (CD) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), it overcomes the inaccuracy of CD and PSO for solving systems of nonlinear equations. The numerical results showed that the approach was successful for solving systems of nonlinear equations. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A review of environmental enrichment for pigs housed in intensive housing systems

This paper critically reviews the literature concerning environmental enrichment for weaner, grower and finisher pigs housed in intensive (indoor) production systems. The thesis of our review is that successful enrichment should meet four criteria of success: (1) it should increase species-specific behaviour, (2) it should maintain or improve levels of health, (3) it should improve the economics of the production system, and (4) it should be practical to employ. We review the existing literature for three distinct classes of production systems; alternative enriched systems; straw-based systems, and barren systems enriched only with objects (‘point-source enrichment-objects’). Within each of these systems, we consider the effects of environmental enrichment on behaviour; health and physiology; animal performance, carcass quality and meat quality. We conclude that straw has the highest potential to meet the four successful enrichment criteria that we propose. However, we concede that it is possible to design successful point-source enrichment-objects if the wealth of knowledge available on enrichment for pigs is exploited. We also identify several knowledge gaps, especially in the area of the neurobiological effects of enrichment, which should be the focus of future research to advance the welfare of intensively reared pigs. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The involvement of microRNAs in Type 2 diabetes.

T2D (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) is a major health issue that has reached epidemic status worldwide. T2D is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Improper treatment of TD2 can lead to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and nerve damage. The aetiology and molecular mechanisms of T2D are not fully understood, but compelling evidence points to a link between T2D, obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Although T2D seems to be strongly linked to environmental factors such as nutrition and lifestyle, studies have shown that genetic factors, such as polymorphisms associated with metabolic genes, imprinting, fetal programming and miRNA (microRNA) expression, could also contribute to the development of this disease. miRNAs are small 22-25-nt-long untranslated RNAs that negatively regulate the translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are involved in a large number of biological functions such as development, metabolism, immunity and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The present review examines the various miRNAs that have been identified as being potentially involved in T2D, focusing on the insulin-sensitive organs: white adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells.
Improving the Action Research Arm test: a unidimensional hierarchical scale.

BACKGROUND
The Action Research Arm (ARA) test is a performance test of upper extremity motor function which consists of 19 items divided into four hierarchical subtests. This multidimensionality has not yet been tested empirically.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the dimensionality of the ARA test.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study involving a sample of 63 chronic stroke patients.


METHODS
A Mokken scale analysis was performed.


RESULTS
The Mokken scale analysis revealed one strong unidimensional scale containing all 19 items, of which the scalability coefficient H was 0.79, while H per item ranged from 0.69 to 0.86. The reliability coefficient rho equalled 0.98, indicating a very high internal consistency. A subset of 15 out of 19 items showed an invariant hierarchical item-ordering.


CONCLUSION
The ARA test is a unidimensional scale. The use of subtests, as proposed in the original description of the instrument, is not supported by the present findings. The 15-item scale presented here can be used for adaptive testing, i.e. using only a selected subset of items based on prior knowledge about the patient's abilities, thus minimizing testing time.
An NLP Curator (or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love NLP Pipelines)

Natural Language Processing continues to grow in popularity in a range of research and commercial applications, yet managing the wide array of potential NLP components remains a difficult problem. This paper describes CURATOR, an NLP management framework designed to address some common problems and inefficiencies associated with building NLP process pipelines; and EDISON, an NLP data structure library in Java that provides streamlined interactions with CURATOR and offers a range of useful supporting functionality.
Local tone mapping using K-means algorithm and automatic gamma setting

Tone mapping (TM) algorithms reproduce the high dynamic range (HDR) images on low dynamic range (LDR) display devices such as monitors or printers. In this paper, we propose a local TM algorithm, in which the input HDR is segmented using K-means algorithm and a display gamma parameter is set automatically for each segmented region. The proposed TM algorithm computes the luminance of an input that is the radiance map generated from a set of LDR images with varying exposure settings. Then, according to the bilateral filtered luminance, an image is divided into several regions using a K-means algorithm. The display gamma values are set automatically according to the mean value of each region. Then, the tone of HDR is reproduced by a linear TM method with adaptive gamma value. We generate the tone-mapped image by the proposed local TM. Computer simulation with real LDR images shows the effectiveness of the proposed local TM algorithm in terms of the visual quality as well as the local contrast. It can be used for contrast and color enhancement in various display and acquisition devices.
An efficient and cost effective FPGA based implementation of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm

We present an field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based implementation of the popular Viola-Jones face detection algorithm, which is an essential building block in many applications such as video surveillance and tracking. Our implementation is a complete system level hardware design described in a hardware description language and validated on the affordable DE2-115 evaluation board. Our primary objective is to study the achievable performance with a low-end FPGA chip based implementation. In addition, we release to the public domain the entire project. We hope that this will enable other researchers to easily replicate and compare their results to ours and that it will encourage and facilitate further research and educational ideas in the areas of image processing, computer vision, and advanced digital design and FPGA prototyping. 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
THE LOCAL LANGLANDS CORRESPONDENCE FOR GLn OVER p-ADIC FIELDS

We extend our methods from [24] to reprove the Local Langlands Correspondence for GLn over p-adic fields as well as the existence of `-adic Galois representations attached to (most) regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations, for which we prove a local-global compatibility statement as in the book of Harris-Taylor, [10]. In contrast to the proofs of the Local Langlands Correspondence given by Henniart, [13], and Harris-Taylor, [10], our proof completely by-passes the numerical Local Langlands Correspondence of Henniart, [11]. Instead, we make use of a previous result from [24] describing the inertia-invariant nearby cycles in certain regular situations.
The influence of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence of the interproximal dental papilla.

BACKGROUND
Loss of the interproximal dental papilla may cause functional and, especially in the maxillary anterior region, phonetic and severe esthetic problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the distance from the contact point to the bone crest on standardized periapical radiographs of the maxillary anterior teeth could be correlated with the presence of the interproximal papilla in Taiwanese patients.


METHODS
In total, 200 interproximal sites of maxillary anterior teeth in 45 randomly selected patients were examined. Selected subjects were adult Taiwanese with fully erupted permanent dentition. The presence of the interproximal papilla was determined visually. If there was no visible space apical to the contact area, the papilla was recorded as being present. The distance from the contact point to the crest of bone was measured on standardized periapical radiographs using a paralleling technique with a RinnXCP holder.


RESULTS
Data revealed that when the distance from the contact point to the bone crest on standardized periapical radiographs was 5 mm or less, the papillae were almost 100% present. When the distance was 6 mm, 51% of the papillae were present, and when the distance was 7 mm or greater, only 23% of the papillae were present.


CONCLUSION
The distance from the contact point to the bone crest on standardized periapical radiographs of the maxillary anterior teeth is highly associated with the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla in Taiwanese patients, and is a useful guide for clinical evaluation.
Sonographic visualization and ultrasound-guided blockade of the greater occipital nerve: a comparison of two selective techniques confirmed by anatomical dissection.

BACKGROUND
Local anaesthetic blocks of the greater occipital nerve (GON) are frequently performed in different types of headache, but no selective approaches exist. Our cadaver study compares the sonographic visibility of the nerve and the accuracy and specificity of ultrasound-guided injections at two different sites.


METHODS
After sonographic measurements in 10 embalmed cadavers, 20 ultrasound-guided injections of the GON were performed with 0.1 ml of dye at the classical site (superior nuchal line) followed by 20 at a newly described site more proximal (C2, superficial to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle). The spread of dye and coloration of nerve were evaluated by dissection.


RESULTS
The median sonographic diameter of the GON was 4.2 x 1.4 mm at the classical and 4.0 x 1.8 mm at the new site. The nerves were found at a median depth of 8 and 17.5 mm, respectively. In 16 of 20 in the classical approach and 20 of 20 in the new approach, the nerve was successfully coloured with the dye. This corresponds to a block success rate of 80% (95% confidence interval: 58-93%) vs 100% (95% confidence interval: 86-100%), which is statistically significant (McNemar's test, P=0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings confirm that the GON can be visualized using ultrasound both at the level of the superior nuchal line and C2. This newly described approach superficial to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle has a higher success rate and should allow a more precise blockade of the nerve.
Enhanced Exercise Therapy in Parkinson’s disease: A comparative effectiveness trial

OBJECTIVES
Exercise can improve motor function in people with Parkinson's disease but depression reduces the motivation to participate in regular exercise. The aim of this study was to develop a novel Enhanced Exercise Therapy program that uses manual-driven guided exercise and peer-facilitated psychoeducation for individuals with Parkinson's disease and depression.


DESIGN
24 week randomized controlled design.


METHODS
Thirty individuals were randomized to Enhanced Exercise Therapy or self-guided therapy, and evaluated at baseline, 12-weeks and at 24-weeks. Enhanced Exercise Therapy included group exercise and group psychoeducation for 12 weeks. Between 13 and 24 weeks, individuals had access to the fitness facility but group sessions were not held. Self-guided therapy included written guidelines for a self-paced exercise program and psychoeducation. Primary outcome measures included the number of exercise sessions and International Physical Activity Questionnaire score. Secondary measures included resting heart rate, supine blood pressure, estimated VO2max and incidence of orthostatic hypotension.


RESULTS
Twenty four individuals completed the study (80% retention) and both groups attended similar number of exercise sessions. There were no significant changes in cardiovascular fitness measures but there was a significant increase in the amount of physical activity in the Enhanced Exercise Therapy group and a decrease in the self-guided therapy group during the post-intervention period.


CONCLUSIONS
Enhanced Exercise Therapy appears to promote engagement in an exercise program and more physical activity, even after group sessions were concluded in individuals with Parkinson's disease and depression.