LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Identification of cardiometabolic risk among collegiate football players.

CONTEXT
Excessive fat mass clearly has adverse effects on metabolic processes that can ultimately lead to the development of chronic disease. Early identification of high-risk status may facilitate referral for definitive diagnostic tests and implementation of interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk.


OBJECTIVE
To document the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among collegiate football players and to develop a clinical prediction rule that does not require blood analysis to identify players who may possess a high level of cardiometabolic risk.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional cohort study.


SETTING
University athletic training research laboratory.


PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Sixty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision football players (age = 19.9 +/- 1.2 years, height = 182.6 +/- 6.1 cm, mass = 97.4 +/- 18.3 kg).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Anthropometric characteristics associated with body fat, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and biometric indicators associated with metabolic syndrome were measured. Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for future development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


RESULTS
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the cohort was 19% (12 of 62), and 79% (49 of 62) of the players exceeded the threshold for 1 or more of its 5 components. A 4-factor clinical prediction rule that classified individuals on the basis of waist circumference, blood pressure, quadriceps strength, and ethnic category had 92% sensitivity (95% confidence interval = 65%, 99%) and 76% specificity (95% confidence interval = 63%, 86%) for discrimination of high-risk or low-risk status.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears to be exceptionally high among collegiate football players. A lack of race-specific criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome almost certainly contributes to an underestimation of the true level of cardiometabolic risk for African American collegiate football players.
Adaptive non-local means denoising of MR images with spatially varying noise levels.

PURPOSE
To adapt the so-called nonlocal means filter to deal with magnetic resonance (MR) images with spatially varying noise levels (for both Gaussian and Rician distributed noise).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Most filtering techniques assume an equal noise distribution across the image. When this assumption is not met, the resulting filtering becomes suboptimal. This is the case of MR images with spatially varying noise levels, such as those obtained by parallel imaging (sensitivity-encoded), intensity inhomogeneity-corrected images, or surface coil-based acquisitions. We propose a new method where information regarding the local image noise level is used to adjust the amount of denoising strength of the filter. Such information is automatically obtained from the images using a new local noise estimation method.


RESULTS
The proposed method was validated and compared with the standard nonlocal means filter on simulated and real MRI data showing an improved performance in all cases.


CONCLUSION
The new noise-adaptive method was demonstrated to outperform the standard filter when spatially varying noise is present in the images.
Hyperstimulation of striatal D2 receptors with sleep deprivation: Implications for cognitive impairment

Sleep deprivation interferes with cognitive performance but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We recently reported that one night of sleep deprivation increased dopamine in striatum (measured with [(11)C]raclopride, a PET radiotracer that competes with endogenous dopamine for binding to D2 receptors) and that these increases were associated with impaired performance in a visual attention task. To better understand this association here we evaluate the relationship between changes in striatal dopamine (measured as changes in D2 receptor availability using PET and [(11)C]raclopride) and changes in brain activation to a visual attention task (measured with BOLD and fMRI) when performed during sleep deprivation versus during rested wakefulness. We find that sleep induced changes in striatal dopamine were associated with changes in cortical brain regions modulated by dopamine (attenuated deactivation of anterior cingulate gyrus and insula) but also in regions that are not recognized targets of dopaminergic modulation (attenuated activation of inferior occipital cortex and cerebellum). Moreover, the increases in striatal dopamine as well as its associated regional activation and deactivation patterns correlated negatively with performance accuracy. These findings therefore suggest that hyperstimulation of D2 receptors in striatum may contribute to the impairment in visual attention during sleep deprivation. Thus, while dopamine increases in prefrontal regions (including stimulation of D1 receptors) may facilitate attention our findings suggest that hyperstimulation of D2 receptors in striatum may impair it. Alternatively, these associations may reflect a compensatory striatal dopamine response (to maintain arousal) that is superimposed on a larger response to sleep deprivation.
Serum phosphorus levels and pill burden are inversely associated with adherence in patients on hemodialysis

BACKGROUND
Phosphate binders (PBs) account for about one half of the daily pill burden for US hemodialysis (HD) patients, which may reduce adherence. Adherence can be estimated by the medication possession ratio (MPR), which is defined as the proportion of time a patient had sufficient medication to have taken it as prescribed. Gaps of time between prescription fills lower the patient's MPR. We assessed the association of PB pill burden and adherence (MPR) with phosphorus goal attainment.


METHODS
Using pharmacy management program data, HD patients on PB monotherapy were tracked from first PB fill during 1 January 2007-30 June 2011 for 1 year, or until PB change or censoring. Data were assessed with generalized linear models.


RESULTS
We analyzed 8616 patients. Higher pill burden was associated with lower adherence. Lower adherence tended to be associated with higher mean phosphorus levels and lower percentage of patients with serum phosphorus ≤5.5 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The association between adherence and these clinical outcomes was most pronounced in the lowest and highest pill burden strata (<3, >3-6, >12-15, >15).


CONCLUSIONS
Adherence, as measured by the MPR, was negatively related to higher pill burden and phosphorus levels and positively related to patients in the phosphorus target range. Within pill burden strata, phosphorus increased and patients in the target range generally decreased with decreasing adherence, suggesting that patients prescribed fewer PB pills are less likely to have treatment gaps, and may be more likely to achieve phosphorus targets.
Creating mathematical infinities: Metaphor, blending, and the beauty of transfinite cardinals

Abstract The infinite is one of the most intriguing, controversial, and elusive ideas in which the human mind has ever engaged. In mathematics, a particularly interesting form of infinity—actual infinity—has gained, over centuries, an extremely precise and rich meaning, to the point that it now lies at the very core of many fundamental fields such as calculus, fractal geometry, and set theory. In this article I focus on a specific case of actual infinity, namely, transfinite cardinals , as conceived by one of the most imaginative and controversial characters in the history of mathematics, the 19th century mathematician Georg Cantor (1845–1918). The analysis is based on the Basic Metaphor of Infinity (BMI). The BMI is a human everyday conceptual mechanism, originally outside of mathematics, hypothesized to be responsible for the creation of all kinds of mathematical actual infinities, from points at infinity in projective geometry to infinite sets, to infinitesimal numbers, to least upper bounds [Lakoff, George, Nunez, Rafael, 2000. Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books, New York]. In this article I analyze the BMI in terms of a non-unidirectional mapping: a double-scope conceptual blend. Under this view “BMI” becomes the Basic Mapping of Infinity.
Thinking on Synthetic Disposal of Reporting Agricultural Pollution Issues

This paper introduced the notion of agricultural pollution issues,proposed five key points of synthetic disposal, such as conscientious reception,collecting evidences,scientific identification of monitoring data,making an inference from cause and effect by logic,strengthening environmental management.
Tolerability of a new fast updosed immunologically enhanced subcutaneous immunotherapy formulation with an optimized allergen to adjuvant ratio under routine practice conditions: a noninterventional observational study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
A fast updosed immunologically enhanced subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) formulation with an optimized allergen to aluminium hydroxide ratio was first introduced in September 2009 in Germany. A large randomized controlled trial showed that the formulation had considerable immunologic effects and good tolerability. In this open-label, uncontrolled, noninterventional study, tolerability was investigated during routine application.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma were treated with pollen and mite allergens using a 5-injection updosing schedule (AVANZ: 300, 600, 3000, 6000 and 15 000 SQ+ units) with weekly intervals, followed by a maintenance schedule with injections of 15,000 SQ+ units.Adverse events (AEs) were recorded by physicians, and symptoms and use of symptomatic medication were analyzed before the start of therapy and after an average 8-month treatment period.


RESULTS
SCIT was documented by 362 allergists in 1036 patients between September 2009 and February 2011. AEs mainly consisted of local reactions during updosing (in 24.5% of patients). Systemic reactions were observed during updosing (8.4%) and maintenance therapy (1.7%), the most frequent of which was dyspnea. Overall, tolerability and the effect of treatment were rated as good or very good by 94.9% and 86.6% of patients and by 96.2% and 89.6% of physicians, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In this open-label, noninterventional study, fast updosed immunologically enhanced SCIT (AVANZ) was well tolerated in a large group of patients.
Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and its Applications

In this paper, brief review for preparations of copper oxide nanoparticles by the different route are described. Since last few years, synthesis of nanoparticles has been attracted considerable attention. The metal oxides are important technology materials used as catalysts in chemical industries and in electronic and photonic devices. Due to the applications in advanced technologies, researchers have focused more on synthesis of CuO nanoparticles. Copper oxide nanoparticles appear as a brownish-black powder. They can be reduced to metallic copper when exposed to hydrogen or carbon monoxide under high temperature. Copper oxide nanoparticles are used in wide range of applications such as catalysis, gas sensors, magnetic storage media, batteries, solar energy transformer, semi conductors and field emission. CuO, as a P-type semiconductor exhibiting narrow band gap, have attracted great attention due to its potential application in nano devices such as electronic, optoelectronic and sensing. It has been widely used as powerful heterogeneous catalyst because of its high activity and selectivity in oxidation and reduction reactions.
Cancer pharmacogenomics: international trends

It is well known that inter-individual variability exists in the responses to many drugs. Many nongenetic factors, such as age, sex, diet, and organ function, are known to affect the therapeutic effects of drugs. However, recent advances in pharmacogenomics have revealed that genetic polymorphisms also significantly influence both the efficacy and the toxicity of drugs. Mutations in the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and target molecules may alter their expression, activity, or affinity to drugs, thereby influencing the drugs’ pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Numerous studies have reported on the correlations between therapeutic outcomes and polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, target molecules, and DNA repair enzymes. These pharmacogenomic discoveries are expected to be useful for the individualization and optimization of cancer chemotherapy.
Cellulose insulation in oil-filled power transformers: part II maintaining insulation integrity and life

This paper examines the practical aspects of the usage of cellulose insulation in transformers with regard to maintaining the integrity over long periods of time and preserving and extending insulation life. The factors that relate to loss of life are examined and life plots are discussed in more detail.
Effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating selected patients with sarcoidosis with neurological involvement.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of chloroquine (Aralen) phosphate and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) sulfate in the treatment of patients with neurosarcoidosis who either do not respond to corticosteroid therapy or develop unacceptable side effects.


DESIGN
Retrospective study.


SETTING
Sarcoidosis clinic at a university teaching hospital.


PATIENTS
Twelve patients with biopsy-proved sarcoidosis, 6 women and 6 men ranging from 20 to 49 years of age, with neurological involvement.


INTERVENTION
Chloroquine phosphate, 250 mg twice daily, or hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 200 mg twice daily, was administered for a period of 6 to 21 months. Patients had regular clinical evaluation, determination of serum and cerebrospinal fluid angiotensin-converting enzyme level, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, chest radiography, lung function testing, and slit-lamp examination of the eyes.


RESULTS
Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine either stabilized symptoms or controlled neurological symptoms in 10 of 12 patients. Two patients failed to respond. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, including lymphocytosis, were seen in 3 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium was most helpful in supporting the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and monitoring the course of the disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective in controlling neurological sarcoidosis in those patients who fail to respond to corticosteroids or develop severe side effects. Ocular toxic effects from chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine were not observed.
Screening for Vulnerability in Older Cancer Patients: The ONCODAGE Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study

BACKGROUND
Geriatric Assessment is an appropriate method for identifying older cancer patients at risk of life-threatening events during therapy. Yet, it is underused in practice, mainly because it is time- and resource-consuming. This study aims to identify the best screening tool to identify older cancer patients requiring geriatric assessment by comparing the performance of two short assessment tools the G8 and the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
The diagnostic accuracy of the G8 and the (VES-13) were evaluated in a prospective cohort study of 1674 cancer patients accrued before treatment in 23 health care facilities. 1435 were eligible and evaluable. Outcome measures were multidimensional geriatric assessment (MGA), sensitivity (primary), specificity, negative and positive predictive values and likelihood ratios of the G8 and VES-13, and predictive factors of 1-year survival rate.


RESULTS
Patient median age was 78.2 years (70-98) with a majority of females (69.8%), various types of cancer including 53.9% breast, and 75.8% Performance Status 0-1. Impaired MGA, G8, and VES-13 were 80.2%, 68.4%, and 60.2%, respectively. Mean time to complete G8 or VES-13 was about five minutes. Reproducibility of the two questionnaires was good. G8 appeared more sensitive (76.5% versus 68.7%, P =  0.0046) whereas VES-13 was more specific (74.3% versus 64.4%, P<0.0001). Abnormal G8 score (HR = 2.72), advanced stage (HR = 3.30), male sex (HR = 2.69) and poor Performance Status (HR = 3.28) were independent prognostic factors of 1-year survival.


CONCLUSION
With good sensitivity and independent prognostic value on 1-year survival, the G8 questionnaire is currently one of the best screening tools available to identify older cancer patients requiring geriatric assessment, and we believe it should be implemented broadly in daily practice. Continuous research efforts should be pursued to refine the selection process of older cancer patients before potentially life-threatening therapy.
Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use

Little is known about the mechanisms of smartphone features that are used in sealing relationships between psychopathology and problematic smartphone use. Our purpose was to investigate two specific smartphone usage types e process use and social use e for associations with depression and anxiety; and in accounting for relationships between anxiety/depression and problematic smartphone use. Social smartphone usage involves social feature engagement (e.g., social networking, messaging), while process usage involves non-social feature engagement (e.g., news consumption, entertainment, relaxation). 308 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk internet labor market answered questionnaires about their depression and anxiety symptoms, and problematic smartphone use along with process and social smartphone use dimensions. Statistically adjusting for age and sex, we discovered the association between anxiety symptoms was stronger with process versus social smartphone use. Depression symptom severity was negatively associated with greater social smartphone use. Process smartphone use was more strongly associated with problematic smartphone use. Finally, process smartphone use accounted for relationships between anxiety severity and problematic smartphone use. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of MRP2 on MPA pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients-results of the Pharmacogenomic Substudy within the Symphony Study.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MRP2 genes and mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients of the Symphony Pharmacogenomic substudy.


METHODS
Sixty-six renal transplant recipients of eight Spanish centres were randomized into four branches of immunosuppressive regimen: low dose of cyclosporine, standard dose of cyclosporine, tacrolimus and sirolimus, all in addition to mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Fifty-five patients were genotyped for SNPs in MRP2, C24T and C3972T. Pharmacokinetic sampling was done before MPA administration and up to 12 h post-dose at Day 7, 1 month and 3 months post-transplant. Relationships of area under the curve (AUC) of MPA and MPAG plasma sampling with the presence of MRP2 SNPs and with the immunosuppressive regimens were studied.


RESULTS
At steady-state conditions, MPA-reduced exposure was observed in C24T variant allele in MRP2 (CC: 68.73 ± 6.78; *T: 48.12 ± 4.90, P = 0.023); no significant differences linked to C3972T SNP were observed. Taking into account groups of treatment, lower MPA AUC in variant allele of C24T was only found under macrolides treatment with statistically significant differences at Month 3 (Tac and SRL, CC: 86.52 ± 10.98 versus *T: 41.99 ± 4.82, P = 0.001; CsA, CC: 52.31 ± 5.30 versus *T: 54.24 ± 8.30, P = 0.772); for C3972T, the same tendency was found but differences at steady state did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSIONS
Renal transplant recipients T carriers of C24T MRP2 with macrolides treatment were associated with reduced MPA AUC in steady-state conditions. Patients treated with cyclosporine lost the effect of this polymorphism.
Benchmark datasets for 3D computer vision

With the rapid development of range image acquisition techniques, 3D computer vision has became a popular research area. It has numerous applications in various domains including robotics, biometrics, remote sensing, entertainment, civil construction, and medical treatment. Recently, a large number of algorithms have been proposed to address specific problems in the area of 3D computer vision. Meanwhile, several benchmark datasets have also been released to stimulate the research in this area. The availability of benchmark datasets plays an significant role in the process of technological progress. In this paper, we first introduce several major 3D acquisition techniques. We also present an overview on various popular topics in 3D computer vision including 3D object modeling, 3D model retrieval, 3D object recognition, 3D face recognition, RGB-D vision, and 3D remote sensing. Moreover, we present a contemporary summary of the existing benchmark datasets in 3D computer vision. This paper can therefore, serve as a handbook for those who are working in the related areas.
Estimating peak oxygen uptake in adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES
To predict peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) from the peak work rate (W peak) obtained during a cycle ergometry test using the Godfrey protocol in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), and assess the accuracy of the model for prognostication clustering.


METHODS
Out of our database of anthropometric, spirometric and maximal exercise data from adolescents with CF (N=363; 140 girls and 223 boys; age 14.77 ± 1.73 years; mean expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pred) 86.82 ± 17.77%), a regression equation was developed to predict VO2 peak (mL/min). Afterwards, this prediction model was validated with cardiopulmonary exercise data from another 60 adolescents with CF (28 girls, 32 boys; mean age 14.6 ± 1.67 years; mean FEV1%pred 85.43 ± 20.01%).


RESULTS
We developed a regression model VO2 peak (mL/min)=216.3-138.7 × sex (0=male; 1=female)+11.5 × W peak; R(2)=0.91; SE of the estimate (SEE) 172.57. A statistically significant difference (107 mL/min; p<0.001) was found between predicted VO2 peak and measured VO2 peak in the validation group. However, this difference was not clinically relevant because the difference was within the SEE of the model. Furthermore, we found high positive predictive and negative predictive values for the model for prognostication clustering (PPV 50-87% vs NPV 82-94%).


CONCLUSIONS
In the absence of direct VO2 peak assessment it is possible to estimate VO2 peak in adolescents with CF using only a cycle ergometer. Furthermore, the regression model showed to be able to discriminate patients in different prognosis clusters based on exercise capacity.
Desenvolvimento de um sistema de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência

This work presents a computer program denominated “Sistema de Estimativa da Evapotranspiração (SEVAP)” with the objective of computing the reference evapotranspiration through different methods. The methods presented in the SEVAP program are: Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Makkink, Priestley & Taylor, Pan evaporation and Thornthwaite. The performance of the software program was evaluated with climatological data of Petrolina station, Pernambuco state. Mean monthly data and daily data (March to August 2002) of maximum and minimum air temperatures, relative humidity, insolation, wind velocity, Class A pan evaporation and solar radiation were used. The results show that the program produces accurate evapotranspiration values on a monthly and daily basis. In the absence of insolation and wind velocity data the Penman-Monteith method can be replaced by Hargreaves method, with good