LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of finasteride on the sensitivity of PSA for detecting prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), men receiving finasteride had a 24.8% lower risk of prostate cancer than men receiving placebo but a higher risk of high-grade cancer. We examined the impact of finasteride on the sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer.


METHODS
We studied men in the placebo and finasteride groups of the PCPT who had a prostate biopsy and concurrent PSA tests during the 7-year study. We compared the placebo and finasteride groups for sensitivity and AUC of PSA for the detection of all prostate cancer, of Gleason grade 7 or higher prostate cancer, and of Gleason grade 8 or higher prostate cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
Of 5112 men in the placebo group, prostate cancer was detected in 1111. Gleason tumor grade was available for 1100 men, of whom 240 had grade 7 or higher and 55 had grade 8 or higher. Of 4579 men in the finasteride group, 695 had prostate cancer. Gleason grade was available for 686 men, of whom 264 had grade 7 or higher and 81 had grade 8 or higher. The AUC of PSA for all outcomes was greater for the finasteride group than the placebo group. For detecting prostate cancer versus no cancer, the AUCs were 0.757 and 0.681, respectively (P < .001); for detecting Gleason grade > or = 7 versus < or = 6 or no cancer, the AUCs were 0.838 and 0.781, respectively (P = .003); and for detecting Gleason grade > or = 8 versus < or = 7 or no cancer, the AUCs were 0.886 and 0.824, respectively (P = .071). The sensitivity of PSA was higher for men in the finasteride group than in the placebo group at all PSA cutoffs matched by specificity.


CONCLUSIONS
PSA had statistically significantly better sensitivity and AUC for detecting prostate cancer in the finasteride arm of the PCPT than in the placebo arm. This bias would be expected to contribute to greater detection of all grades of prostate cancer with finasteride.
Modeling collaboration formation with a game theory approach

While collaborative product development (CPD) is adopted by more and more firms as a business strategy, there is still lack of thorough research on the conditions under which the collaboration is formed. This paper proposes a mathematical model integrating trust, coordination, co-learning, and co-innovation dimensions of CPD. These dimensions, as well as additional parameters such as knowledge investment, absorption capability, efficacy, and complementarity enable the observation of the collaboration behavior under various scenarios. An analysis is conducted with Nash Bargaining approach to investigate the effect of various parameters on the collaboration formation as well as the revenue sharing. The analysis summary presents the optimum strategies for each scenario. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
HF RFID Reader Antenna Producing Uniform Horizontal Magnetic Fields Over a Plane

A planar loop antenna producing uniform horizontal magnetic fields over its plane is presented. The antenna consists of a pair of two-turn spiral coils that are excited alternately. To avoid the bad effect of magnetic coupling between the coils, one of them is made up of a series combination of two spiral coils wound in opposite directions, and a good isolation of more than 32 dB is achieved. The antenna is suitable for a high-frequency radio frequency identification reader antenna that is installed under a chip tray to monitor gaming chips in electronic table game systems.
Sign Language for K-8 Mathematics by 3D Interactive Animation

We present a new highly interactive computer animation tool to increase the mathematical skills of deaf children. We aim at increasing the effectiveness of (hearing) parents in teaching arithmetic to their deaf children, and the opportunity of deaf children to learn arithmetic via interactive media. Using state-ofthe-art computer animation technology we have designed and modeled three 3-dimensional virtual signers. The signs for mathematical terminology, performed by a deaf signer, have been captured with state-of-the-art motion capture equipment and have been applied to the 3D characters. Macromedia Director MX Shockwave Studio has provided the platform for the design of interactive learning activities and for web delivery. Smoothness of motion (in real time) and interactivity have been achieved via programmable blending of animation segments. Our program is the first attempt at using interactive 3D animation to improve the mathematical abilities of deaf pupils. Though our research follows the general trend of systems of 3D animated sign language (none of which has been geared specifically toward mathematics), we have made progress of a nature qualitatively different from previous work. Focusing on the need to represent the signs with clarity, realism and emotional appeal for deaf children, we have invested our research efforts in developing a very natural, non-mechanical animated representation of the signs. The realization of this natural gesture language by interactive computer animation has been one of the main challenges that this research has met and solved.
Helium-Oxygen Therapy for Infants With Bronchiolitis

Interventions: Patients initially received nebulized albuterol treatment driven by 100% oxygen. Patients were randomized to the helium-oxygen or oxygen group and received nebulized racemic epinephrine via a face mask. After nebulization, humidified helium-oxygen or oxygen was delivered by HFNC. After 60 minutes of inhalation therapy, patients with an M-WCAS of 2 or higher received a second delivery of nebulized racemic epinephrine followed by helium-oxygen or oxygen delivered by HFNC. Main Outcome Measure: Degree of improvement of M-WCAS for 240 minutes or until emergency department discharge.
Potential pitfalls of process modeling: part A

Purpose – This paper summarizes typical pitfalls as they can be observed in larger process modeling projects. Design/methodology/approach – The identified pitfalls have been derived from a series of focus groups and semi-structured interviews with business process analysts and managers of process management and modeling projects. Findings – The paper provides a list of typical characteristics of unsuccessful process modeling. It covers six pitfalls related to strategy and governance (1-3) and the involved stakeholders (4-6). Further issues related to tools and related requirements (7-10), the practice of modeling (11-16), the way we design to-be models (17-19), and how we deal with success of modeling and maintenance issues (19-21) will be discussed in the second part of this paper. Research limitations/implications – This paper is a personal viewpoint, and does not report on the outcomes of a structured qualitative research project. Practical implications – The provided list of total 22 pitfalls increases the awareness for the main challenges related to process modeling and helps to identify common mistakes. Originality/value – This paper is one of the very few contributions in the area of challenges related to process modeling.
Making microgrids work

Distributed energy resources including distributed generation and distributed storage are sources of energy located near local loads and can provide a variety of benefits including improved reliability if they are properly operated in the electrical distribution system. Microgrids are systems that have at least one distributed energy resource and associated loads and can form intentional islands in the electrical distribution systems. This paper gives an overview of the microgrid operation. Microgrid testing experiences from different counties was also provided.
Positive margin rates following breast-conserving surgery for stage I-III breast cancer: palpable versus nonpalpable tumors.

BACKGROUND
Margin status is a significant risk factor for local recurrence. We sought to examine whether the method of tumor localization predicted the margin status and the need for re-excision for both nonpalpable and palpable breast cancer.


METHODS
We identified 358 consecutive breast cancer patients who were treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) from 1999 to 2006. Data included patient and tumor characteristics, method of localization (needle versus palpation), and pathologic outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for data summary and data were compared using χ(2).


RESULTS
Of 358 patients undergoing BCT, 234 (65%) underwent needle localization for a nonpalpable tumor and 124 (35%) underwent a palpation-guided procedure. Patients undergoing palpation-guided procedures were younger and had larger tumors at a more advanced pathologic stage of disease than those undergoing needle localization procedures (P < 0.05 for each). Patient race, tumor grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion, biomarker profile, and nodal status were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Overall, 137 patients (38%) had one or more positive margins: 90 of 234 (38%) who had a needle localization procedure and 47 of 124 (38%) who had a palpation-guided procedure (P > 0.05). The number of margins affected did not differ significantly between the two groups.


CONCLUSION
Although patients with palpable breast cancer had larger tumors than those with nonpalpable breast cancer, the incidence and number of positive margins was similar to those who had needle localization for nonpalpable tumors. Improved methods of localization are needed to reduce the rate of positive margins and the need for re-excision.
Areal-Density Limits for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording and Perpendicular Magnetic Recording

Differences in the areal-density capability limits for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and conventional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) are explored using spinstand measurements, drive footprinting, and micromagnetic modeling. The written track curvature is measured with a special technique that mitigates the cross-track averaging effects due to a finite read sensor width. Tracks written with HAMR heads are shown to have more curvatures compared with those written with modern PMR writers. Mitigation of written track curvature is demonstrated with two different HAMR writer designs. The curvature effect appears to challenge not only the downtrack bit resolution during readback, but also the cross-track written width with increased linear density (LD). Experimental measurements of a constant bit error rate for different LDs and track densities (TDs) indicate a significant opportunity for high TD recording using HAMR. The difference appears to be related to the ability for HAMR to address high track pitches with a minimal increase in risk of adjacent track interference compared with PMR.
Correlations and fluctuations '98

Summary talk at the VIIIth International Workshop on Multiparticle Production "Correlations and Fluctuations '98" held at Matrahaza, Hungary, from 14th till 21st of June 1998.
Teaching OO concepts-a case study using CRC-cards and BlueJ

1 Umeå University, Department of Computing Science, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, {jubo,thomasj,marie}@cs.umu.se Abstract  The transition to object-oriented programming is more than just a matter of programming language. Traditional syllabi fail to teach students the “big picture” and students have difficulties taking advantage of objectoriented concepts. In this paper we present a holistic approach to a CS1 course in Java favouring general objectoriented concepts over the syntactical details of the language. We present goals for designing such a course and a case study showing interesting results.
Intradermal influenza vaccination in immunocompromized patients is immunogenic and feasible.

BACKGROUND
Many strategies, including intradermal vaccination, have been tested to augment antibody responses upon vaccination. This strategy has not been evaluated in different groups of immunocompromized patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study to compare the humoral response upon standard intramuscular influenza vaccination with the response upon reduced-dose intradermal vaccination in patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients, and healthy controls.


METHODS
In total 156 immunocompromized patients and 41 healthy controls were randomized to receive either 0.5mL of the 2005/2006 trivalent influenza vaccine intramuscular or 0.1mL intradermal. Humoral responses, determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay, were measured before and 28 days postvaccination. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and protection rates (PRs) are reported as primary outcomes, adverse events as a secondary outcome.


RESULTS
Reduced-dose intradermal vaccination leads to similar GMTs and PRs, within all tested groups, compared to the standard intramuscular vaccination. Healthy controls yielded significantly better GMTs and PRs than immunocompromized patients. Local skin reactions after intradermal vaccination occurred less frequent and were milder in immunocompromized patients than in healthy subjects and were predictive for a positive vaccination outcome for individual subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
Intradermal influenza vaccination is a feasible alternative for standard intramuscular vaccination in several groups of immunocompromized patients, including those treated with anti-TNF, HIV-infected patients and HSCT patients. The occurrence of a local skin reaction after intradermal vaccination is predictive of a response to at least one of the vaccine antigens.
Improving adolescent mental health and resilience through a resilience-based intervention in schools: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Research investigating the effectiveness of universal interventions to reduce the risk of mental health problems remains limited. Schools are a promising setting within which adolescents can receive interventions aimed at promoting their mental health. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a resilience-based prevention-focused intervention in reducing the risk of mental health problems among adolescents attending secondary school in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.


METHODS/DESIGN
A cluster randomised control trial will be conducted, with schools as the unit of randomisation. Initially, 32 secondary schools will be randomly allocated to a control or intervention group (12 control and 20 intervention). An intervention focused on improving student internal and external resilience factors will be implemented in intervention schools. A survey of students in Grade 7 in both intervention and control schools will be conducted (baseline) and repeated three years later when the students are in Grade 10. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire will be used to measure the risk of mental health problems. At follow-up, the risk of mental health problems will be compared between Grade 10 students in intervention and control schools to determine intervention effectiveness.


DISCUSSION
The study presents an opportunity to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive resilience-based intervention in reducing the risk of mental health problems in adolescents attending secondary schools. The outcomes of the trial are of importance to youth, schools, mental health clinicians and policymakers.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000606987, registered 14 June 2011.
Academic Diversity in the Middle School: Results of a National Survey of Middle School Administrators and Teachers. Research Monograph 95124.

The Middle School Academic Diversity Study was conducted by The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented (NRC/GT) to determine the ways in which the current practices described in the middle school literature on meeting the needs of diverse learners are reflected in the policies, beliefs, and instructional practices of administrators and teachers in those settings. Six research questions guided the study: (a) What do middle school practitioners believe about the nature of middle school learners and what do these beliefs foreshadow for academically diverse middle level learners?; (b) To what degree do middle schools appear to engage in developmentally appropriate structures and practices likely to address the wide range of academic readiness, interests, and learning profiles inevitable in middle level populations?; (c) What is the nature of the curriculum and instruction at the middle level and to what degree does it seem appropriately responsive to academic diversity?; (d) How do middle level teachers and administrators understand and enact the concept of differentiating or modifying curriculum and instruction based on learner readiness, interest, and learning profile?; (e) To what degree do middle schools appropriately employ effective alternatives to homogeneous as well single-size-provisions and single-size expectations for all learners in heterogeneous settings?; and (f) To what degree do middle level practitioners seem to understand and use a full range of cooperative strategies and to what apparent effect for academically diverse middle school learners? The administrator survey sample, drawn using stratified random sampling procedures, included a sample of 500 principals. The teacher survey sample, also drawn using random sampling procedures, included a sample of 449 teachers. The principal survey was developed to obtain information on school characteristics, school organization, principal beliefs, curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices, and cooperative learning practices from the viewpoint of an middle school administrator. The teacher survey was developed to obtain information on teacher beliefs, curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices as well as cooperative learning practices. Response rates were 25% (with no follow-up) for the principal survey and 61% (with one follow-up) for the teacher survey. The major finding of the study is that teachers and principals report that academically diverse populations receive very little, if any, targeted focus. Both principals and teachers hold beliefs that would appear to underchallenge advanced middle school students. The overwhelming majority of responding educators believe middle schoolers are more social than academic, concrete thinkers, extrinsically motivated, and work best with routine. More alarming, is the belief of
Multiclass From Binary: Expanding One-Versus-All, One-Versus-One and ECOC-Based Approaches

Recently, there has been a lot of success in the development of effective binary classifiers. Although many statistical classification techniques have natural multiclass extensions, some, such as the support vector machines, do not. The existing techniques for mapping multiclass problems onto a set of simpler binary classification problems run into serious efficiency problems when there are hundreds or even thousands of classes, and these are the scenarios where this paper's contributions shine. We introduce the concept of correlation and joint probability of base binary learners. We learn these properties during the training stage, group the binary leaner's based on their independence and, with a Bayesian approach, combine the results to predict the class of a new instance. Finally, we also discuss two additional strategies: one to reduce the number of required base learners in the multiclass classification, and another to find new base learners that might best complement the existing set. We use these two new procedures iteratively to complement the initial solution and improve the overall performance. This paper has two goals: finding the most discriminative binary classifiers to solve a multiclass problem and keeping up the efficiency, i.e., small number of base learners. We validate and compare the method with a diverse set of methods of the literature in several public available datasets that range from small (10 to 26 classes) to large multiclass problems (1000 classes) always using simple reproducible scenarios.
Modified Reverse AODV routing algorithm using route stability in mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper a new on-demand routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is presented based on link/route stability estimation. AODV decreases maintenance overhead in ad hoc networks, but some path breaks can significantly cause overhead. Reverse AODV (RAODV) routing algorithm is one of the AODV versions which reduces overhead of routing. Here, we applied link/route stability in RAODV for decrease overhead of discovery and maintenance of routing, a new protocol then was created. Our protocol also increased the packet delivery ratio in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET's). When an active route fails, the source node with the awareness of stabilities of routes, can select the best route in set of available routes. We proposed a stability estimation method and applied that in an optimized version of ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing algorithm by doing some modification at RAODV algorithm. In our algorithm namely Modified Reverse Ad Hoc On-demand Vector (MRAODV), the route request packet didn't change and it is like as AODV, but rout reply packet must be changed for route stability estimation purpose. Computer simulation using ns-2 simulator was performed to compare with other methods and effectiveness of the proposed method was quantitatively validated.
Individual and Social Strategies to Deal with Ignorance Situations in Multi-Person Decision Making

Multi-Person Decision Making Problems involve the preferences of some experts about a set of alternatives in order to find the best one. However, sometimes experts might not possess a precise or sufficient level of knowledge of part of the problem and as a consequence that expert might not give all the information that is required. Indeed, this may be the case when the number of alternatives is high and experts are using fuzzy preference relations to represent their preferences. In the literature, incomplete information situations have been studied, and as a result, procedures which are able to compute the missing information of a preference relation have been designed. However, these approaches usually need at least a piece of information about every alternative in the problem in order to be successful in estimating all the missing preference values. In this paper we address situations in which an expert does not provide any information about a particular alternative, which we call situations of total ignorance. We analyse several strategies to deal with these situations. We classify these strategies into: i) individual strategies that can be applied to each individual preference relation without taking into account any information from the rest of experts and ii) social strategies, that is, strategies that make use of the information available from the group of experts. Both individual and social strategies use extra assumptions or knowledge which could not by directly instantiated in the experts preference relations. We also provide an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each one of the strategies presented, and the situations where some of them may be more adequate to be applied than the others.
On the relativistic field theory model of the deuteron II

Abstract The relativistic field theory model of the deuteron suggested previously is revised and applied to the calculation of the cross sections of the low-energ radiative neutron-proton capture n + p → D + γ and the low-energy two-proton fusion p + p → D + e + + ν e . For the low-energy data and the potential model prediction. In the case of the two-proton fusion the cross section obtained is 2.9 times as much as that given by the potential approach. The obtained result is discussed in connection with the solar neutrino problem.