LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Empirical research in on-line trust: a review and critical assessment

Lack of trust is one of the most frequently cited reasons for consumers not purchasing from Internet vendors. During the last four years a number of empirical studies have investigated the role of trust in the specific context of e-commerce, focusing on different aspects of this multi-dimensional construct. However, empirical research in this area is beset by conflicting conceptualizations of the trust construct, inadequate understanding of the relationships between trust, its antecedents and consequents, and the frequent use of trust scales that are neither theoretically derived nor rigorously validated. The major objective of this paper is to provide an integrative review of the empirical literature on trust in e-commerce in order to allow cumulative analysis of results. The interpretation and comparison of different empirical studies on on-line trust first requires conceptual clarification. A set of trust constructs is proposed that reflects both institutional phenomena (system trust) and personal and interpersonal forms of trust (dispositional trust, trusting beliefs, trusting intentions and trust-related behaviours), thus facilitating a multi-level and multi-dimensional analysis of research problems related to trust in e-commerce. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The social context of severe child malnutrition: a qualitative household case study from a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo

INTRODUCTION
The magnitude of child malnutrition including severe child malnutrition is especially high in the rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (the DRC). The aim of this qualitative study is to describe the social context of malnutrition in a rural part of the DRC and explore how some households succeed in ensuring that their children are well-nourished while others do not.


METHODOLOGY
This study is based on participant observation, key informant interviews, group discussions and in-depth interviews with four households with malnourished children and four with well-nourished children. We apply social field theory to link individual child nutritional outcomes to processes at local level and to the wider socio-economic environment.


FINDINGS
We identified four social fields that have implications for food security and child nutritional outcomes: 1) household size and composition which determined vulnerability to child malnutrition, 2) inter-household cooperation in the form of 'gbisa work party' which buffered scarcity of labour in peak seasons and facilitated capital accumulation, 3) the village associated with usufruct rights to land, and 4) the local NGO providing access to agricultural support, clean drinking water and health care.


CONCLUSIONS
Households that participated in inter-household cooperation were able to improve food and nutrition security. Children living in households with high pressure on productive members were at danger of food insecurity and malnutrition. Nutrition interventions need to involve local institutions for inter-household cooperation and address the problem of social inequalities in service provision. They should have special focus on households with few resources in the form of land, labour and capital.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Values in Innovation Management

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) viewpoint have challenged the traditional perception to understand corporations position. Productionand managerial-centred views are expanding towards reference group-centred policies. Consequently, the significance of new kind of knowledge has emerged. In addition to management of the organisation, the idea of CSR emphasises the importance to recognise the value-expectations of operational environment. It is know that management is often well-aware of corporate social responsibilities, but it is less clear how well these high level goals are understood in practical product design and development work. In this study, the apprehension above proved to be real to some degree. While management was very aware of CSR it was less familiar to designers. The outcome shows that it is essential to raise ethical values and issues higher in corporate communication, if it is wished that they materialize also in products. Keywords—Corporate social responsibility, management, engineering, values.
Detection, Tracking, and Interdiction for Amateur Drones

Unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, are expected to play major roles in future smart cities, for example, by delivering goods and merchandise, serving as mobile hotspots for broadband wireless access, and maintaining surveillance and security. The goal of this survey article is to study various potential cyber and physical threats that may arise from the use of UAVs, and subsequently review various ways to detect, track, and interdict malicious drones. In particular, we review techniques that rely on ambient radio frequency signals (emitted from UAVs), radars, acoustic sensors, and computer vision techniques for detection of malicious UAVs. We present some early experimental and simulation results on range estimation of UAVs and receding horizon tracking of UAVs. Finally, we summarize common techniques that are considered for interdiction of UAVs.
[Dialysis and the risk of poverty].

INTRODUCTION
For patients with severe kidney failure, the only alternative to transplantation today is an enduring dialysis treatment. But dialysis is associated with manifold physical and social restrictions. The study analyses the psychosocial consequences of the chronic disease of renal insufficiency: Does chronic kidney failure increase the patients' risk to sink into poverty? SAMPLE/METHODS: In the year 2006 625 dialysis patients participated in an enquiry in 77 dialysis centres in Germany. The newly developed questionnaire included 19 items about social situation, treatment conditions, and quality of life. The response rate was 54.3%. The analyses were calculated using descriptive statistics and discriminatory analyses.


RESULTS
51.8% of the patients lived in the new German federal states (the former GDR), 44.9% are female. The mean age of the sample was 62.2 years. 57.5% of the participants were married or cohabited. There was at least one person aged younger than 18 years in 12% of the households. 54.8% of the respondents had a German CSE, 25.3% had a German Remedial School Certificate of Completion, and 12.4% had a German Abitur (German university entrance qualification). At the time of the enquiry, 60.2% of the patients were below the poverty level (60% of the mean income in Germany). Important impact factors for an existence above the poverty level were the number of persons per household and the age of the participants. The more persons per household, the greater was the risk to be below the poverty level. Households with more than two persons had a significantly higher risk to be below the poverty level (OR=63.3). Persons aged younger than 50 years had a significantly higher risk to be below the poverty level than those aged 50 years or older (OR=2.0).


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic renal insufficiency is associated with a higher poverty risk if the patients feature specific attributes. Although living alone is often regarded as a poverty risk because larger households usually have more opportunities to save costs, due to our findings patients living together with several persons in a household are at higher risk to sink into poverty. They are younger or middle-aged and have responsibility to support children or partners. A higher poverty risk results from the fact that they are at a younger age when their dialysis starts and usually receive a lower employment disability pension. The results correspond with data of the German Federal Statistical Office, which show that the number of paupers is greater within younger age groups. Relevant for prevention seems to be the impact of the physician on a possible further occupation of dialysis patients.
Tracking Players and Estimation of the 3D Position of a Ball in Soccer Games

In soccer games, understanding the movement of players and a ball is essential for the analysis of matches or tactics. In this paper, we present a system to track players and a ball and to estimate their positions from video images. Our system tracks players by extracting shirt and pants regions and can cope with the posture change and occlusion by considering their colors, positions, and velocities in the image. The system extracts ball candidates by using the color and motion information, and determines the ball among them based on motion continuity. To determine the player who is holding the ball, the position of players on the eld and the 3D position of the ball are estimated. The ball position is estimated by tting a physical model of movement in the 3D space to the observed ball trajectory. Experimental results on real image sequences show the e ectiveness of the system.
Research Guides: Engineering Design Technology: Professional & Educational Resources

EDT @ GTC prepares students to become CAD Design technicians who contribute to the design team by transforming ideas & solutions into engineering models, drawings,and specifications using state-of-the-art tools such as AutoCAD, Solid Works, and CATIA V5.
Automating formal proofs for reactive systems

Implementing systems in proof assistants like Coq and proving their correctness in full formal detail has consistently demonstrated promise for making extremely strong guarantees about critical software, ranging from compilers and operating systems to databases and web browsers. Unfortunately, these verifications demand such heroic manual proof effort, even for a single system, that the approach has not been widely adopted.
 We demonstrate a technique to eliminate the manual proof burden for verifying many properties within an entire class of applications, in our case reactive systems, while only expending effort comparable to the manual verification of a single system. A crucial insight of our approach is simultaneously designing both (1) a domain-specific language (DSL) for expressing reactive systems and their correctness properties and (2) proof automation which exploits the constrained language of both programs and properties to enable fully automatic, pushbutton verification. We apply this insight in a deeply embedded Coq DSL, dubbed Reflex, and illustrate Reflex's expressiveness by implementing and automatically verifying realistic systems including a modern web browser, an SSH server, and a web server. Using Reflex radically reduced the proof burden: in previous, similar versions of our benchmarks written in Coq by experts, proofs accounted for over 80% of the code base; our versions require no manual proofs.
Assessment of dyspnea in acute decompensated heart failure: insights from ASCEND-HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure) on the contributions of peak expiratory flow.

OBJECTIVES
This study hypothesized that peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) would increase with acute heart failure (AHF) treatment over the first 24 h, related to a Dyspnea Index (DI) change and treatment effect.


BACKGROUND
Dyspnea is a key symptom and clinical trial endpoint in AHF, yet objective assessment is lacking.


METHODS
In a clinical trial substudy, 421 patients (37 sites) underwent PEFR testing at baseline, 1, 6, and 24 h after randomization to nesiritide or placebo. DI (by Likert scale) was collected at hours 6 and 24.


RESULTS
Patients were median age 70 years, and 34% were female; no significant differences between nesiritide or placebo patients existed. Median baseline PEFR was 225 l/min (interquartile range [IQR]: 160 to 300 l/min) and increased to 230 l/min (2.2% increase; IQR: 170 to 315 l/min) by hour 1, 250 l/min (11.1% increase; IQR: 180 to 340 l/min) by hour 6, and 273 l/min (21.3% increase; IQR: 200 to 360 l/min) by 24 h (all p < 0.001). The 24-h PEFR change related to moderate or marked dyspnea improvement by DI (adjusted odds ratio: 1.04 for each 10 l/min improvement [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 1.10]; p < 0.01). A model incorporating time and treatment over 24 h showed greater PEFR improvement after nesiritide compared with placebo (p = 0.048).


CONCLUSIONS
PEFR increases over the first 24 h in AHF and could serve as an AHF endpoint. Nesiritide had a greater effect than placebo on PEFR, and this predicted patients with moderate/marked improvement in dyspnea, thereby providing an objective metric for assessing AHF. (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure [ASCEND-HF]; NCT00475852).
Four-dimensional control of the cell cycle

The cell-division cycle has to be regulated in both time and space. In the time dimension, the cell ensures that mitosis does not begin until DNA replication is completed and any damaged DNA is repaired, and that DNA replication normally follows mitosis. This is achieved by the synthesis and destruction of specific cell-cycle regulators at the right time in the cell cycle. In the spatial dimension, the cell coordinates dramatic reorganizations of the subcellular architecture at the entrance to and exit from mitosis, largely through the actions of protein kinases and phosphatases that are often localized to specific subcellular structures. Evidence is now accumulating to suggest that the spatial organization of cell-cycle regulators is also important in the temporal control of the cell cycle. Here I will focus on how the locations of the main components of the cell-cycle machinery are regulated as part of the mechanism by which the cell controls when and how it replicates and divides.
An energy market for trading electricity in smart grid neighbourhoods

The smart grid vision relies on active interaction with all of its stakeholders. As consumers are acquiring energy generation capabilities, hence becoming prosumers (producers and consumers), a meaningful way to interact among them would be to trade over a marketplace. Market-driven interactions have been proposed as a promising potential interaction method due to the monetary incentives and other benefits involved for the participants [1]. In the Internet era an on-line marketplace is an thriving concept as it overcomes potential accessibility issues, however it is not clear how they should be structured, operated, what their limits and benefits might be. The design, implementation, modus-operandi as well as the assessment of such an energy market place for smart grid neighbourhoods is presented.
Personality traits associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To assess which personality traits are associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).


DESIGN
Prospective study.


SETTING
A university hospital in Sweden.


POPULATION
A total of 856 eligible women and men, 428 couples, were approached to participate. Overall 643 (75.1%) subjects filled out the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality (SSP) questionnaire. The response rates were 323 women (75.5%) and 320 men (74.8%).


METHODS
The SSP, a self-rating personality trait questionnaire, was used for evaluation. Main outcome measures. Personality traits associated with depression and/or anxiety disorders.


RESULTS
Higher mean scores on all neuroticism-related personality traits were found in women and men with depressive and/or anxiety disorders compared to women and men with no diagnosis. High scores of neuroticism and a negative pregnancy test after IVF were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders among women. Among men, high scores of neuroticism and unexplained or male infertility factor were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. High neuroticism scores were negatively associated with live birth (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
High scores on neuroticism-related personality traits were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders in women and men undergoing IVF.
A beaconless Opportunistic Routing based on a cross-layer approach for efficient video dissemination in mobile multimedia IoT applications

Mobile multimedia networks are enlarging the Internet of Things (IoT) portfolio with a huge number of multimedia services for different applications. Those services run on dynamic topologies due to device mobility or failures and wireless channel impairments, such as mobile robots or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) environments for rescue or surveillance missions. In those scenarios, beaconless Opportunistic Routing (OR) allows increasing the robustness of systems for supporting routing decisions in a completely distributed manner. Moreover, the addition of a cross-layer scheme enhances the benefits of a beaconless OR, and also enables multimedia dissemination with Quality of Experience (QoE) support. However, existing beaconless OR approaches do not support a reliable and efficient cross-layer scheme to enable effective multimedia transmission under topology changes, increasing the packet loss rate, and thus reducing the video quality level based on the user’s experience. This article proposes a Link quality and Geographical beaconless OR protocol for efficient video dissemination for mobile multimedia IoT, called LinGO. This protocol relies on a beaconless OR approach and uses multiple metrics for routing decisions, including link quality, geographic location, and energy. A QoE/video-aware optimisation scheme allows increasing the packet delivery rate in presence of links errors, by adding redundant video packets based on the frame importance from the human’s point-of-view. Simulation results show that LinGO delivers live video flows with QoE support and robustness in mobile and dynamic topologies, as needed in future IoT environments. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is controversial. We aimed to assess the efficacy of NPPV on ARDS in acute pancreatitis (AP).


METHODS
In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, demographic data, clinical and biochemical parameters of AP and developed ARDS on admission as well as before and after use of NPPV, and clinical outcomes were retrieved from the medical record database. Degrees of ARDS at presentation were retrospectively classified using the Berlin Definition.


RESULTS
Of 379 patients identified, 127 were eligible for inclusion and had NPPV for more than 24 hours. There were 44 mild, 64 moderate, and 19 severe patients with ARDS at presentation; endotracheal intubation rates were 0% (0/44), 23.4% (15/64), and 47.4% (9/19); and the mortality rates were 0% (0/44), 9.4% (6/64), and 15.8% (3/19), respectively. After NPPV treatment, systolic pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and fraction of inspired oxygen decreased, whereas oxygen saturation increased significantly in the NPPV success group compared with the failed group. Similar findings were also observed between survivors and nonsurvivors.


CONCLUSIONS
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation may be an effective option for the initial treatment of ARDS patients in AP, but the use of NPPV should be applied prudently in the most severe cases.
A randomised trial of the feasibility of a low carbohydrate diet vs standard carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes taking body weight into account.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of a low carbohydrate diet and standard carbohydrate counting on glycaemic control, glucose excursions and daily insulin use compared with standard carbohydrate counting in participants with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
Participants (n=10) with type 1 diabetes using a basal; bolus insulin regimen, who attended a secondary care clinic, were randomly allocated (1:1) to either a standard carbohydrate counting course or the same course with added information on following a carbohydrate restricted diet (75 g per day). Participants attended visits at baseline and 12 weeks for measurements of weight, height, blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid profile and creatinine. They also completed a 3-day food diary and had 3 days of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring.


RESULTS
The carbohydrate restricted group had significant reductions in HbA1c (63 to 55 mmol/mol (8.9-8.2%), p<0.05) and daily insulin use (64.4 to 44.2 units/day, p<0.05) and non-significant reductions in body weight (83.2 to 78.0 kg). There were no changes in blood pressure, creatinine or lipid profile and all outcomes in the carbohydrate counting group were unchanged. There was no change in glycaemic variability as measured by the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion in either group.


CONCLUSIONS
A low carbohydrate diet is a feasible option for people with type 1 diabetes, and may be of benefit in reducing insulin doses and improving glycaemic control, particularly for those wishing to lose weight.
Medical messages in the media--barriers and solutions to improving medical journalism.

CONTEXT
Medical issues are widely reported in the mass media. These reports influence the general public, policy makers and health-care professionals. This information should be valid, but is often criticized for being speculative, inaccurate and misleading. An understanding of the obstacles medical reporters meet in their work can guide strategies for improving the informative value of medical journalism.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate constraints on improving the informative value of medical reports in the mass media and elucidate possible strategies for addressing these.


DESIGN
We reviewed the literature and organized focus groups, a survey of medical journalists in 37 countries, and semi-structured telephone interviews.


RESULTS
We identified nine barriers to improving the informative value of medical journalism: lack of time, space and knowledge; competition for space and audience; difficulties with terminology; problems finding and using sources; problems with editors and commercialism. Lack of time, space and knowledge were the most common obstacles. The importance of different obstacles varied with the type of media and experience. Many health reporters feel that it is difficult to find independent experts willing to assist journalists, and also think that editors need more education in critical appraisal of medical news. Almost all of the respondents agreed that the informative value of their reporting is important. Nearly everyone wanted access to short, reliable and up-to-date background information on various topics available on the Internet. A majority (79%) was interested in participating in a trial to evaluate strategies to overcome identified constraints.


CONCLUSIONS
Medical journalists agree that the validity of medical reporting in the mass media is important. A majority acknowledge many constraints. Mutual efforts of health-care professionals and journalists employing a variety of strategies will be needed to address these constraints.