LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Iterating along a Prikry sequence

In this paper we introduce a new method which combines Prikry forcing with an iteration between the Prikry points. Using our method we prove from large cardinals that it is consistent that the tree property holds at אn for n ≥ 2, אω is strong limit and 2אω = אω+2. The typical method for interleaving collapses with a Prikry sequence is to use a product of collapses. The original paper using this method is Magidor’s paper [8] where he obtains the failure of the Singular Cardinals Hypothesis (SCH) at אω. There are many generalizations and variations on this method, examples include [9, 5, 6, 3]. In this paper we introduce a method for replacing the usual product with an iteration. Broadly speaking Prikry forcing is a poset of finite approximations to a witness that some large cardinal κ (and perhaps some cardinals above κ) is singular of cofinality ω. The finite approximations are often called the stem of a condition. To avoid collapsing κ, the growth of the stem is controlled by measure one sets from some appropriate measure. The key lemma which allows us to prove that κ is preserved is called the Prikry Lemma. The result of the forcing is a singular cardinal κ which is still large in the sense that it is a limit of inaccessible cardinals. Collapses can be added to Prikry forcing in order to make κ in to a small cardinal like אω. In particular we add collapses between the ordinals in the stem. We cannot only use a finite support product of collapses, since this would collapse κ. The solution is to constrain the values of future collapse conditions. For this we define constraining functions whose domains are measure one sets and whose values are elements of collapsing posets. To extend a condition, we select an element x from a measure one set which we add to the stem and we select a collapse condition which is below the value of the constraining function at x. This allows us to recover a version of the Prikry Lemma and show that again κ is preserved and the collapses have their desired effect. The usual method of adding collapses to a Prikry forcing uses a product of posets which collapse between elements of the stem. A trivial but important observation is that in the usual scenario the values of the constraining functions do not depend on the stem. In particular the collapses are defined in a uniform way and each condition only has one constraining function. When we seek to iterate between the elements of the stem, the value of a given constraining function must depend on the stem, because the stem determines the space from which the name for a constrained collapse condition is taken. To deal with this our technique has a complex system of constraining functions rather than just a single constraining function. One could think of our forcing as 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03E35, Secondary 03E55.
Integrated rectenna circuit for microwave power scavenging

Rectenna circuits are the subject of more and more interest because of the increase in the use of mobile electrical applications. This study explores the possibility of using integrating technology to design high efficient rectenna circuits. The study was done for two levels of microwave power to illustrate the two applications that may be used; electricity scavenging and microwave power transmission (MPT). The topologies that are presented in this paper ware studied using another technology, this permits to compare the performances of each technology.
Some research questions for computational transportation science

In this paper some research questions which potentially lie within the purview of the new discipline of Computational Transportation Science are presented. Some of these questions are no doubt old and jaded and some may rightly reside in a different research field (or be seen as engineering) but viable solutions to all of the issues presented are of vital importance to the efficacy of future transportation systems.
Testability and validity of WCAG 2.0: the expertise effect

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) require that success criteria be tested by human inspection. Further, testability of WCAG 2.0 criteria is achieved if 80% of knowledgeable inspectors agree that the criteria has been met or not. In this paper we investigate the very core WCAG 2.0, being their ability to determine web content accessibility conformance. We conducted an empirical study to ascertain the testability of WCAG 2.0 success criteria when experts and non-experts evaluated four relatively complex web pages; and the differences between the two. Further, we discuss the validity of the evaluations generated by these inspectors and look at the differences in validity due to expertise.
 In summary, our study, comprising 22 experts and 27 non-experts, shows that approximately 50% of success criteria fail to meet the 80% agreement threshold; experts produce 20% false positives and miss 32% of the true problems. We also compared the performance of experts against that of non-experts and found that agreement for the non-experts dropped by 6%, false positives reach 42% and false negatives 49%. This suggests that in many cases WCAG 2.0 conformance cannot be tested by human inspection to a level where it is believed that at least 80% of knowledgeable human evaluators would agree on the conclusion. Why experts fail to meet the 80% threshold and what can be done to help achieve this level are the subjects of further investigation.
Challenging reconstructive techniques for skull base defect following endoscopic endonasal approaches

We assessed the outcomes of various reconstructive methods for skull base defect after endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) depending on the degree of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Between Jan. 2008 and Sep. 2009, 122 consecutive patients underwent 124 EEA for sellar and extra-sellar lesions. Intraoperative CSF leaks were classified as grade 0, no intraoperative CSF leak; grade 1, low output; and grade 2, high-output based on the degree of CSF leakage and size of opening in the arachnoid membrane (<5 or ≥5 mm). Postoperative CSF leaks or meningitis occurred in 13 of 124 cases (10.5%). In 77 patients with grade 0, there was no postoperative CSF leak. Among 20 patients with grade 1 CSF leaks, four patients developed meningitis or postoperative CSF leak. Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in nine of 26 patients (34.6%) with grade 2 leaks. Comparison of reconstructive methods revealed that gasket-seal method provided better control of CSF leaks than free-fat graft in patients with grade 2 leaks (11.8% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.028). However, in grades 0 and 1, we found no difference among the various reconstructive methods. The selection of reconstructive methods for skull base defects should be determined by the degree of CSF leaks. Although grade 0 or 1 leak requires relatively conservative management such as simple closure or free-tissue grafting, a more aggressive reconstructive technique is required to prevent postoperative complication in grade 2 CSF leak.
The effect of rhythmic musical training on healthy older adults' gait and cognitive function.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Older adults' gait is disturbed when a demanding secondary cognitive task is added. Gait training has been shown to improve older adults' walking performance, but it is not clear how training affects their cognitive performance. This study examined the impact on gait, in terms of cost or benefit to cognitive performance, of training healthy older adults to walk to a rhythmic musical beat.


DESIGN AND METHODS
In a mixed model design, 45 healthy older adults aged more than 65 years (M = 71.7 years) were randomly assigned to 3 groups. One group received a rhythmic musical training and their dual-task (DT) walking and cognitive performances were compared with a group who had music playing in the background but no training, and a third group who heard no music and received no training. Outcomes in single-task (ST) and DT conditions were step-time variability and velocity for gait and correct cognitive responses for the cognitive task.


RESULTS
The Musical Training group's step-time variability improved in both the ST (p < .05) and the DT (p < .05) after training, without adversely affecting their cognitive performance. No change was seen in the control groups.


IMPLICATIONS
Rhythmic musical training can improve gait steadiness in healthy older adults with no negative impact on concurrent cognitive functioning. This could potentially enhance "postural reserve" and reduce fall risk.
Metacognitive beliefs, beliefs about voices and affective symptoms in patients with severe auditory verbal hallucinations.

OBJECTIVES
This study explores associations between metacognitive beliefs and beliefs about voices in patients with severe auditory verbal hallucinations, and their hypothesized relationship with levels of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that metacognitive beliefs are better able to explain differences in levels of depression and anxiety, than beliefs about voices.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional data were obtained from baseline measurements of a randomized controlled trial. All patients (N = 77) met the criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis within the schizophrenia spectrum. A correlation analysis was conducted to explore the associations between metacognitive beliefs and beliefs about voices. Regression analysis was performed to test the second hypothesis.


METHOD
Metacognitive beliefs were measured using the MCQ-30. Beliefs about voices were measured using the BAVQ-R. Furthermore, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied to measure depression and anxiety. All analyses were a priori controlled for gender and level of education.


RESULTS
Significant associations were found between negative beliefs about voices and negative metacognitive beliefs. One of the metacognitive beliefs, that is, perceived uncontrollability and danger of thinking, proved to be a key variable in explaining differences in levels of depression and anxiety and seemed to have greater explanatory value than all of the beliefs about voices when analysed simultaneously.


CONCLUSIONS
The results offer modest support to models emphasizing the fact that metacognitive beliefs are a core feature in the development and maintenance of depression and anxiety in patients with severe auditory verbal hallucinations.


PRACTITIONER POINTS
POSITIVE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Further evidence for the importance of metacognitive beliefs. Specific emphasis on anxiety and depression in patients with severe hallucinations.


LIMITATIONS
Small sample size. Cross-sectional data only.
Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data

Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data This paper reconsiders the long-run economic relationship between health care expenditure and income using a panel of 20 OECD countries observed over the period 1971-2004. In particular, the paper studies the non-stationarity and cointegration properties between health care spending and income. This is done in a panel data context controlling for both crosssection dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Cross-section dependence is modelled through a common factor model and through spatial dependence. Heterogeneity is handled through fixed effects in a panel homogeneous model and through a panel heterogeneous model. Our findings suggest that health care is a necessity rather than a luxury, with an elasticity much smaller than that estimated in previous studies. JEL Classification: C31, C33, H51
Representational neglect in “invisible” drawing from memory

We describe the case of a patient with right hemisphere damage and left unilateral neglect. The patient was asked to draw from memory common objects, either with or without visual feedback. In the conditions without visual feedback the patient was either blindfolded or he made "invisible" drawings using a pen with the cap on, the drawings being recorded with carbon paper underneath. Results showed more neglect without than with visual feedback, contrary to previously published cases. This patient's pattern of performance may result from the contribution of a deficit of spatial working memory. Alternatively or in addition, the patient, who was undergoing cognitive rehabilitation for neglect, may have found easier to compensate for his neglect with visual feedback, which allowed him to visually explore the left part of his drawings.
Prostate cancer biomarker annexin A3 detected in urines obtained following digital rectal examination presents antigenic variability.

OBJECTIVES
Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is a potential marker for prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to develop robust immunoassays suitable for quantifying ANXA3 in urine samples obtained following digital rectal examination (DRE) in order to facilitate the diagnostic performance evaluation of this marker.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Anti-ANXA3 monoclonal antibodies were generated and their epitopes mapped. Two different ANXA3 assay prototypes were established on the VIDAS® automated immunoanalyser and analytical validation was carried out using post-DRE urine samples obtained from patients with PCa (n=23) or benign prostate hyperplasia (n=31).


RESULTS
The assays had the same capture antibody (TGC44) but different detection antibodies (13A12 or 5C5), recognizing novel distinct epitopes. Both had a lower limit of quantification <1ng/mL and were highly specific for ANXA3, not cross-reacting with other annexins. Interassay imprecision was ≤11% and ≤15% for 13A12 and 5C5 assays, respectively. Surprisingly, a total lack of correlation was observed between ANXA3 levels measured by these two assays in post-DRE urines, indicating detection of distinct antigenic variants. Two freeze-thaw cycles did not affect analyte stability in either assay, whereas a lack of stability of antigenic variants was observed when samples were stored at -80°C for 1month.


CONCLUSIONS
Two different antigenic variants of ANXA3 are present in post-DRE urines and their clinical significance for diagnosis of prostate cancer should be further investigated. These variants are not stable over time in samples preserved at -80°C. Until this issue is resolved, ANXA3 should only be measured in freshly collected samples.
Application and development of new polymer in shipbuilding

The applications and R D trends of new polymers in shipbuilding, including resin-based composites,conducting polymers,damping polymers ,sound absorbing ploymers and energy-transducing ploymers and so on,are reviewed in this paper.
Using ICT with people with special education needs: what the literature tells us

Purpose – To provide a review of the past studies on use of information and communications technology (ICT) for people with special education needs (SEN) to inform a major research project on using ICT to facilitate self-advocacy and learning for SEN learners. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review, encompassing academic journals indexed in education, information science and social sciences databases, books, grey literature (including much internet-based material), and government reports. Information was gathered on the perceived benefits of ICT in SEN, and the use of some specific applications with people having various conditions. A number of usability studies, mainly Internet and web technologies, are also outlined. Findings – Although the literature shows a great number of ICT initiatives for people with all kinds of disabilities, there has been a surprising lack of research into the usability of the various applications developed, and even less concerning those with learning difficulties. The review of existing literature indicates a lack of attention to the application of ICT for people with SEN, compared to the other groups of disabled people such as visually impaired. Originality/value – Findings highlight the need for more research on usability aspects of current and potential applications of ICT for people with SEN.
The legacy of immigration in Southwest China, 1250-1850

The impact of in-migration to the southwest from the rest of China is analyzed for the period 1250 to 1850. Two major periods of in-migration are identified the first taking place under the Yuan-Ming dynasties and the second during the Qing dynasty. The relative impact of migration by Han Chinese and by minority nationalities is considered. (ANNOTATION)
Trends in contraceptive use and determinants of choice in China: 1980-2010.

BACKGROUND
In China, contraception is the most commonly used practice adopted by couples seeking to limit their number of children and to determine the time interval between births. Since 1980, the implementation of mandatory contraceptive strategy has reduced the fertility rate. Using large-scale data from national statistics and nationally representative sample surveys, the current study aims to assess Chinese trends in contraceptive use and determinants of choice from 1980 to 2010 among married women and men aged 20-49 years.


STUDY DESIGN
Since 1980, national data on contraceptive methods utilization have been gathered by the National Population and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (NPFPC). Additionally, data from three roughly representative decennial samples (1988, 1997, 2006) of Chinese women of aged 20 to 57 years have been gathered by the NPFPC through the National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Surveys in China.


RESULTS
A relatively stable Chinese mode of contraception has been established and maintained since the 1980s. This is characterized by long-term contraceptive use which is still dominant in current China. In addition, China's total contraceptive prevalence rates remain at the highest level across the globe from 1980 to 2010. However, the overall method composition of contraceptive use within China has changed since the mid-1990s. Over the study period, the prevalence rate of sterilization increased from 30.21% in 1980 to 46.47% of married women of reproductive age (20-49 years) in 1994 and then declined to 31.7% in 2010. At the same time, intrauterine device usage increased (39.83% in 1980 to 48.15% in 2010), as did oral contraception (0.3% in 1980 to 0.98% in 2010) and condom usage (2.35% in 1980 to 9.32% in 2010). The results from the multinomial logit model show that an individual's contraceptive choice depends not only on individual characteristics, including ethnicity, age, education level, household registration, region, number of living children and sex of the last living child, but also on the strength of family planning policies. A positive coefficient indicates that the looser the strength of family planning policies is, the more likely the individual is to choose condoms or another short-term contraceptive method.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term contraceptive use is still dominant in China. In fact, over the 30-year period (1980-2010) and in comparative world perspective, China continues to have the highest total contraceptive prevalence rate. Additionally, an individual's contraceptive choice is jointly influenced by the strength of family planning policies and individual characteristics.
Comparisons Between Data Clustering Algorithms

Clustering is a division of data into groups of similar objects. Each group, called a cluster, consists of objects that are similar between themselves and dissimilar compared to objects of other groups. This paper is intended to study and compare different data clustering algorithms. The algorithms under investigation are: k-means algorithm, hierarchical clustering algorithm, self-organizing maps algorithm, and expectation maximization clustering algorithm. All these algorithms are compared according to the following factors: size of dataset, number of clusters, type of dataset and type of software used. Some conclusions that are extracted belong to the performance, quality, and accuracy of the clustering algorithms.
Clinical and biochemical correlates of successful semen collection for cryopreservation from 12-18-year-old patients: a single-center study of 86 adolescents.

BACKGROUND
Cryopreservation of semen should be offered to adults before gonadotoxic treatment. However, the experience with semen collection in adolescents is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential correlates of successful semen sampling in adolescents.


METHODS
A total of 86 boys (aged 12.2-17.9 years), referred for cryopreservation of semen prior to gonadotoxic treatment were included. Age, testicular volume, diagnosis and reproductive hormones were evaluated as correlates of successful semen collection.


RESULTS
Median sperm concentration was 9.6 (range 0-284) million/ml. Of the 86 included boys, 76 (88.4%) had spermatozoa in their ejaculate. Of the 76 patients for whom a semen sample was obtained, 71 (93.4%) had motile spermatozoa eligible for cryopreservation. Of the 86 boys, 74 produced a semen sample by masturbation, whereas semen samples were obtained from 12 patients by penile vibration or electroejaculation. The youngest patient with an ejaculate containing motile spermatozoa was 12.2 years old, and the smallest testicular volumes in boys associated with motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate were 6-7 ml. Testicular volume correlated with sperm concentration (R = 0.283, P = 0.046), and the percentage of motile spermatozoa (R = 0.410, P = 0.003). Chronological age, but not reproductive hormones, also correlated with sperm concentration (R = 0.25, P = 0.049).


CONCLUSIONS
Semen was successfully collected and cryopreserved in 71 out of 86 boys and adolescents. Testicular volume, but not age or reproductive hormone levels, was indicative of successful semen collection. Regardless of their age, adolescent boys with testicular volumes of more than 5 ml should be offered semen banking prior to gonadotoxic treatment or other procedures that could potentially damage future fertility.
Sliced Wasserstein Kernels for Probability Distributions

Optimal transport distances, otherwise known as Wasserstein distances, have recently drawn ample attention in computer vision and machine learning as powerful discrepancy measures for probability distributions. The recent developments on alternative formulations of the optimal transport have allowed for faster solutions to the problem and have revamped their practical applications in machine learning. In this paper, we exploit the widely used kernel methods and provide a family of provably positive definite kernels based on the Sliced Wasserstein distance and demonstrate the benefits of these kernels in a variety of learning tasks. Our work provides a new perspective on the application of optimal transport flavored distances through kernel methods in machine learning tasks.
Management of neutrophilic dermatoses.

Neutrophilic dermatoses, including Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, and rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis, are inflammatory conditions of the skin often associated with underlying systemic disease. These are characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils in the skin. The associated conditions, potential for systemic neutrophilic infiltration, and therapeutic management of these disorders can be similar. Sweet's syndrome can often be effectively treated with a brief course of systemic corticosteroids. Pyoderma gangrenosum, however, can be recurrent, and early initiation of a steroid-sparing agent is prudent. Second-line treatment for both of these conditions includes medications affecting neutrophil function, in addition to immunosuppressant medications.