LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems Using Transient Air Conditioning Performance Analysis

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a transient air conditioning (A/C) system model using SINDA/FLUINT analysis software. It captures all the relevant physics of transient A/C system performance, including two-phase flow effects in the evaporator and condenser, system mass effects, air side heat transfer on the condenser/evaporator, vehicle speed effects, temperature-dependent properties, and integration with a simplified cabin thermal model. It has demonstrated robust and powerful system design optimization capabilities. Single-variable and multiple variable design optimizations have been performed and are presented. Various system performance parameters can be optimized, including system COP, cabin cooldown time, and system heat load capacity. This work presents this new transient A/C system analysis and optimization tool and shows some high-level system design conclusions reached to date. The work focuses on R-134a A/C systems, but future efforts will modify the model to investigate the transient performance of alternative refrigerant systems such as carbon dioxide systems. NREL is integrating its transient air conditioning model into NREL’s ADVISOR vehicle system analysis software, with the objective of simultaneously optimizing A/C system designs within the overall vehicle design optimization.
Comparison of the subject-oriented and the Petri net based approach for business process automation

The subject-oriented modelling approach [5] significally differs from the classic Petri net based approach of many business process modeling languages like EPC [9], Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) [11], and also Yet Another Workflow Language (YAWL) [10]. In this work, we compare the two approaches by modeling a case study called "Procure to Pay"[3], a typical business process where some equipment for a construction site is rented and finally paid. The case study is not only modelled but also automated using the Metasonic Suite for the subject-oriented and YAWL for the Petri net based approach.
Al-Qaeda's operational evolution: behavioral and organizational perspectives.

Al-Qaeda is widely regarded by the military, law enforcement, diplomatic, and intelligence communities as being the foremost threat to U.S. national security and safety. The nature of this threat, however, has changed since al-Qaeda first emerged in the late 1980s. This article describes the emergence of a new form of transnational terrorism and details al-Qaeda's progression from being an organization to an ideological movement. Drawing on a theory of social movements, we analyze its trajectory and the levels of influence. We also offer a behavioral perspective in explaining how al-Qaeda has adapted as a learning organization with new leadership, tactics, and patterns of recruitment and training.
Transform-Data-by-Example (TDE): Extensible Data Transformation in Excel

Business analysts and data scientists today increasingly need to clean, standardize and transform diverse data sets, such as name, address, date time, phone number, etc., before they can perform analysis. These ad-hoc transformation problems are typically solved by one-off scripts, which is both difficult and time-consuming.
 Our observation is that these domain-specific transformation problems have long been solved by developers with code libraries, which are often shared in places like GitHub. We thus develop an extensible data transformation system called Transform-Data-by-Example (TDE) that can leverage rich transformation logic in source code, DLLs, web services and mapping tables, so that end-users only need to provide a few (typically 3) input/output examples, and TDE can synthesize desired programs using relevant transformation logic from these sources. The beta version of TDE was released in Office Store for Excel.
The effect of middle-age body weight and physical activity on the risk of early revision hip arthroplasty: a cohort study of 1,535 individuals.

BACKGROUND
Overweight and a high level of physical activity are known risk factors for loosening of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to primary osteoarthritis. We wanted to investigate how these factors, together with age and sex, affect the risk of revision surgery.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We matched data from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register with information on risk factors collected at a cardiovascular screening. We identified 1,535 primary THAs in the screened cohort (930 cemented implants using well-documented cement). Of the participants included, 969 were female. Mean age at screening was 49 years, at primary THA 63 years, and 69 years at the end of follow-up. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate relative risks (RRs). Event was defined as implant revision due to aseptic loosening of cup, stem or both. Follow-up was time from primary THA to event or censoring.


RESULTS
Men were at greater risk than women of loosening of the femoral stem (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.2). Both men and women with upper-quartile body weight were at increased risk of revision due to loosening of the stem (RR 2.5 and 2.7, respectively). Men with a high level of physical activity during leisure time were at increased risk of revision due to loosening of the cup (RR 4.8, 95% CI 1.3-18). In the multivariate model with adjustment for activity, there was little association between age at primary THA and risk of revision due to loosening.


INTERPRETATION
We found that body weight and physical activity recorded long before THA affected the survival of total hip arthroplasties. Controlling for these variables weakened the association between age at primary surgery and aseptic loosening. Men had an increased risk of loosening of the femoral stem, also after controlling for lifestyle factors.
Algorithm 155: combination in any order

comment The distinct combinations of the first n integers taken r at a time are generated in I in lexicographical order starting with an initial combination of the r integers 1, 2, ... , r. Each call of the procedure, after the first, must have in I the previous generated combination. The Boolean variable first is nonlocal to COMB1 and must be true before the first call.
Interpreting stories, interpreting lives: Narrative and action in moral development research

While a “hermeneutics of narrative” can show us how people understand their world in complex, socially available, organiled ways, and how as researchers we, too, actively construe as we try to understand other people, a “hermeneutics of action” is needed to overcome our addiction to the belief that knowing the world is our primary kind of engagement with it.
Behavioral norms in the Islamic doctrine of economics: A critique

Abstract At the heart of the contemporary Islamic doctrine of economics lies a set of behavioral norms derived from the first Islamic society in seventh century Arabia. This paper demonstrates that these norms cannot be expected to serve as the spearhead of a drive for modern economic development. For one thing, the proposed norms are unlikely to enjoy widespread adherence in large societies where it is difficult to achieve a common perception of reality, elicit generalized altruism and overcome the free rider problem. Secondly, many Islamic norms are ambiguous, and some interfere with institutions designed to improve the workings of markets.
Mondor’s Disease of the Penis

Supervising Section Editor: Sean O. Henderson, MD Submission history: Submitted August, 8 2012; Accepted August 13, 2012 Full text available through open access at http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_westjem DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2012.8.13276 [West J Emerg Med 2013;14(2):180.] Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Urology, Seattle, Washington University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington *
Pressure induced anisotropy of electrical conductivity in polycrystalline molybdenum disulfide (vol 252, pg 7941, 2006)

Abstract Anisotropic specimens of MoS 2 are obtained by pressing the microcrystalline powder into special die. This inelastic compression results in a rearrangement of the disulfide micro platelets observed by atomic force microscopy and reflected in the macroscopic anisotropy in electrical conductivity in these samples. The conductivity measured parallel and perpendicular to the direction of applied pressure exhibits an anisotropy factor of ∼ 10 at 1 GPa. This behaviour of the conductivity as a function of applied pressure is explained as the result of the simultaneous influence of a rearrangement of the micro platelets in the solid and the change of the inter-grain distances.
Comments on the Quantum Vacuum and the Light Acceleration

AbstractThe recent observations on the far quasars absorption lines spectraand comparison of these lines with laboratory ones provide a frameworkfor explantation of these observations by considering a varying ﬁne struc-ture constant, over the cosmological time-scale. Also, there seems to be ananomalous acceleration in the Pioneer spacecraft 10/11 about 10 −10 m/s 2 .These matters lead Ranada to study the quantum vacuum to explain theseproblems by introducing a phenomenological model for the variation of α.In this manuscript we want to show that this model is not a quantummodel; it is a classical model that is only in accordance with mentionedobservations by adjusting some parameters and is not based on a funda-mental physical intuition. 1 Introduction The recent observations on the far quasars absorption lines spectra and com-parison with laboratory spectra show that these quasars are dimmer than thenearer ones [1]. The Webb group try to explain these observations by consid-ering a varying ﬁne structure constant [2]. The variation of the ﬁne structureconstant α = e
Effect on blood pressure and pulse rate after administration of an epinephrine containing dental local anaesthetic in hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE
To document safety for use, through recording changes in blood pressure and pulse rate, after administering 3.6 ml of a 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine dental local anaesthetic in a group of hypertensive patients.


METHODOLOGY
The present study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, from May to December 2008, using a convenience sampling technique. The first 60 walk-in patients in the dental outpatient department planned for tooth extraction were enrolled in the study. Out of these 60 patients, 10 had pre-hypertension (BP = 130/90), 10 had stage 1 hypertension (BP =140-159/90-99) and 10 study subjects were suffering from stage 2 hypertension (BP = 160-179/100-109). Thirty age and sex matched normo-tensive patients requiring tooth extraction acted as the control group. All patients were administered two cartridges each of 1.8 ml of dental local anaesthesia containing 2% Lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Blood pressure and pulse rate (PR) were the risk indicators that were measured thrice; pre-injection, 2 minutes and 5 minutes after injection.


RESULTS
A decrease in systolic in stage 2 hypertension patients after 2 and 5 minutes of injections was noted. The diastolic BP (DBP) fell in all the groups after injections. Mean pulse rate increased from three to four beats per minute in all groups except in stage 2 hypertension patients where it slightly decreased.


CONCLUSION
Epinephrine containing dental local anaesthesia decreased systolic blood pressure in stage 2 hypertension patients included in this study. There was an observed decrease of 21 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure hypertension patients but with no adverse effects.
Covering models and optimization techniques for emergency response facility location and planning: a review

With emergencies being, unfortunately, part of our lives, it is crucial to efficiently plan and allocate emergency response facilities that deliver effective and timely relief to people most in need. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) allocation problems deal with locating EMS facilities among potential sites to provide efficient and effective services over a wide area with spatially distributed demands. It is often problematic due to the intrinsic complexity of these problems. This paper reviews covering models and optimization techniques for emergency response facility location and planning in the literature from the past few decades, while emphasizing recent developments. We introduce several typical covering models and their extensions ordered from simple to complex, including Location Set Covering Problem (LSCP), Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP), Double Standard Model (DSM), Maximum Expected Covering Location Problem (MEXCLP), and Maximum Availability Location Problem (MALP) models. In addition, recent developments on hypercube queuing models, dynamic allocation models, gradual covering models, and cooperative covering models are also presented in this paper. The corresponding optimization X. Li (B) · Z. Zhao · X. Zhu Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Tennessee, 416 East Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA e-mail: Xueping.Li@utk.edu Z. Zhao e-mail: zzhao8@utk.edu X. Zhu e-mail: xzhu5@utk.edu T. Wyatt College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 200 Volunteer Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37996-4180, USA e-mail: twaytt@utk.edu
Accelerated template matching using template trees grown by condensation

[3] R. C. Gonzalez and P. Wintz, Digital Image Processing. Reading, MA AddisonWesley, 1987. [4] A. Rosenfeld and A. Kak, Digital Picture Processing, vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1988. [5] L. S. Davis and A. Rosenfeld, “Iterative histogram modification”, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cyber., vol. 8, pp. 300-302, 1978. [6] S. Peleg, “Iterative histogram modification 2,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cyber., vol. 8, pp. 555-556, 1978. [7] C. A. Glaseby, “An analysis of histogram based thresholding algorithms,” Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Process.: Graphical Methods and Image Process., vol. 55, pp. 532-537, 1993. [8] R. C. Jansen, K. Reinink, and G. W. A. M. van der Heijden, “Analysis of gray level histograms by using statistical methods for mixtures of distributions,” Paftern Recognition Letters, vol. 14, pp. 585-590, 1993. [9] A. K. lain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Englewoods: Prentice-Hall, 1989. [lo] J. C. Russ, The Image Processing Handbook, CRC Pr., Boca Raton, Florida, 1992. [ 111 N. R. Pal and S. K. Pal, “A Review on Image Segmentation Techniques,” Pattern Recog., vol. 26, pp. 1277-1294, 1993 [12] J. C. Russ, The Image Processing Handbook, CRC Pr., Boca Raton, Florida, 1992. pp. 23-33, 1991.
Fusing Face and Body Display for Bi-modal Emotion Recognition: Single Frame Analysis and Multi-frame Post Integration

This paper presents an approach to automatic visual emotion recognition from two modalities: expressive face and body gesture. Face and body movements are captured simultaneously using two separate cameras. For each face and body image sequence single “expressive” frames are selected manually for analysis and recognition of emotions. Firstly, individual classifiers are trained from individual modalities for mono-modal emotion recognition. Secondly, we fuse facial expression and affective body gesture information at the feature and at the decision-level. In the experiments performed, the emotion classification using the two modalities achieved a better recognition accuracy outperforming the classification using the individual facial modality. We further extend the affect analysis into a whole image sequence by a multi-frame post integration approach over the single frame recognition results. In our experiments, the post integration based on the fusion of face and body has shown to be more accurate than the post integration based on the facial modality only.
Experience Prototyping

In this paper, we describe "Experience Prototyping" as a form of prototyping that enables design team members, users and clients to gain first-hand appreciation of existing or future conditions through active engagement with prototypes. We use examples from commercial design projects to illustrate the value of such prototypes in three critical design activities: understanding existing experiences, exploring design ideas and in communicating design concepts.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a biomarker substudy of the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) trial

INTRODUCTION
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the leading cause of death in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Biomarkers might help in risk stratification and understanding of pathophysiology. Preliminary data suggests that patients with CS face a profound increase in the osteocyte-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), which acts as a negative regulator of serum phosphate levels. The present study aimed to assess the predictive role of FGF-23 for clinical outcome in a large cohort of CS patients with and without renal dysfunction.


METHODS
In the randomized Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) trial, 600 patients with CS complicating AMI were assigned to therapy with or without IABP. Our predefined biomarker substudy included 182 patients. Blood sampling was performed in a standardized procedure at three different time points (day 1 (day of admission), day 2 and day 3). Differences in outcome of patients with FGF-23 levelsmedian were compared by log-rank testing. Stepwise logistic regression modeling was performed to identify predictors of death at 30 days and Cox regression analysis for time to death during the first year.


RESULTS
At all three time points, nonsurvivors had significantly higher FGF-23 levels compared to survivors (P<0.001 for all). Patients with FGF-23 levels above the median (395 RU/mL [interquartile range 102;2,395]) were characterized by an increased 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality. In multivariable analysis FGF-23 levels remained independent predictors for 30-day (odds ratio per 10log 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 2.92; P=0.02) and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.04, P=0.009). After stratifying the patients according to their baseline serum creatinine levels, the negative prognostic association of increased FGF-23 was only significant in those with serum creatinine greater than median.


CONCLUSIONS
In CS, high levels of FGF-23 are independently related to a poor clinical outcome. However, this prognostic association appears only to apply in patients with impaired renal function.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00491036. Registered 22 June 2007.
A novel reflux inhibitor lesogaberan (AZD3355) as add-on treatment in patients with GORD with persistent reflux symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor therapy: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
o evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of add-on treatment with lesogaberan (AZD3355), a novel reflux inhibitor, in patients with persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.


METHODS
double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre phase IIA study was carried out in outpatient clinics. The study group comprised 244 adult patients with persistent GORD symptoms (heartburn and/or regurgitation) of at least mild intensity and for 3 days of 7 days before enrolment, despite ≥6 weeks of continuous PPI therapy. Patients received either lesogaberan (65 mg twice daily) or placebo in addition to PPI therapy for a period of 4 weeks. Symptom intensity, based on the Reflux Disease Questionnaire, was recorded twice daily. Treatment response (defined as at most one 24 h period with heartburn or regurgitation of not more than mild intensity during the last 7 days of treatment). Time to response, proportion of symptom-free days and measures of tolerability were also analysed.


RESULTS
total of 232 (114 lesogaberan- and 118 placebo-treated patients) of the 244 randomised patients were analysed for efficacy. Treatment with lesogaberan, compared with placebo, resulted in a significantly larger proportion of responders to treatment (16% vs 8% of patients; p=0.026) and cumulative proportion of responders over time (log-rank p=0.0195). Lesogaberan was well tolerated: adverse events of mostly mild to moderate intensity were reported in 45% of patients on lesogaberan and in 37% on placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
esogaberan add-on therapy to PPIs significantly improved heartburn and regurgitation symptoms; however, the proportion of responders was small. Clinical trial number NCT00394472.
Uterine rupture in pregnancies following myomectomy: A multicenter case series

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this case series was to retrospectively examine records of cases with uterine rupture in pregnancies following myomectomy and to describe the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes.


METHODS
This study was conducted as a multicenter case series. The patient databases at 7 tertiary hospitals were queried. Records of patients with a diagnosis of uterine rupture in the pregnancy following myomectomy between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected. The uterine rupture cases enrolled in this study were defined as follows: through-and-through uterine rupture or tear of the uterine muscle and serosa, occurrence from 24+0 to 41+6 weeks' gestation, singleton pregnancy, and previous laparoscopic myomectomy (LSM) or laparotomic myomectomy (LTM) status.


RESULTS
Fourteen pregnant women experienced uterine rupture during their pregnancy after LSM or LTM. Preterm delivery of less than 34 weeks' gestation occurred in 5 cases, while intrauterine fetal death occurred in 3, and 3 cases had fetal distress. Of the 14 uterine rupture cases, none occurred during labor. All mothers survived and had no sequelae, unlike the perinatal outcomes, although they were receiving blood transfusion or treatment for uterine artery embolization because of uterine atony or massive hemorrhage.


CONCLUSION
In women of childbearing age who are scheduled to undergo LTM or LSM, the potential risk of uterine rupture on subsequent pregnancy should be explained before surgery. Pregnancy in women after myomectomy should be carefully observed, and they should be adequately counseled during this period.
Biopython: freely available Python tools for computational molecular biology and bioinformatics

SUMMARY
The Biopython project is a mature open source international collaboration of volunteer developers, providing Python libraries for a wide range of bioinformatics problems. Biopython includes modules for reading and writing different sequence file formats and multiple sequence alignments, dealing with 3D macro molecular structures, interacting with common tools such as BLAST, ClustalW and EMBOSS, accessing key online databases, as well as providing numerical methods for statistical learning.


AVAILABILITY
Biopython is freely available, with documentation and source code at (www.biopython.org) under the Biopython license.