LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge : Process Models of Common Ground in Comprehension

What role does mutual knowledge play in the comprehension process? We compare two answers to this question for the comprehension of definite reference. The Restricted Search hypothesis assumes that addressees rely on the principle of optimal design and understand definite reference by restricting the search for referents to entities in common ground. The Unrestricted Search hypothesis assumes that the search for referents is not restricted to entities in common ground. Only the Unrestricted Search hypothesis predicts that entities that are not in common ground would interfere with comprehension of definite reference. Experiment 1 reveals such interference in increased errors and verification latencies during the resolution of pronouns. Experiment 2 demonstrates the interference by tracking the addressee’s eye movements during the comprehension of demonstrative reference. We discuss alternative models of comprehension that could account for the results, and we describe the role that common ground plays in each model. We propose a Perspective Adjustment model that assumes a search for referents that is independent of common ground, coupled with a monitoring process that detects violations of common ground and adjusts the interpretation. This model assumes a role for common ground only when a correction is needed. We challenge both the assumption that addressees follow the principle of optimal design and the assumption that the principle is optimal. q 1998 Academic Press
Increasing effectiveness of model-based fault diagnosis : A Dynamic Bayesian Network design for decision making

This papers aims to design a new approach in order to increase the performance of the decision making in model-based fault diagnosis when signature vectors of various faults are identical or closed. The proposed approach consists on taking into account the knowledge issued from the reliability analysis and the model-based fault diagnosis. The decision making, formalised as a bayesian network, is established with a priori knowledge on the dynamic component degradation through Markov chains. The effectiveness and performances of the technique are illustrated on a heating water process corrupted by faults. Copyright © 2006 IFAC
Identity Authentication Using Fingerprints

We describe the design and implementation of an automatic identity authentication system which uses fingerprint to establish the identity of an individual. An improved minutia extraction algorithm that is much faster and more accurate than our earlier algorithm [12] has been implemented. An alignment-based elastic matching algorithm has been developed. This algorithm is capable of finding the correspondences between input minutia pattern and the stored template minutia pattern without resorting to exhaustive search and has the ability to adaptively compensate for the nonlinear deformations and inexact pose transformations between an input fingerprint and a template. The system has been tested on the MSU fingerprint database. A perfect authentication rate can be achieved with a 15% false reject rate on this data set. Typically, a complete authentication procedure takes, on an average, about 1.4 seconds on a Sun ULTRA 1 workstation.
Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the role of physical activity, inactivity, and dietary patterns on annual weight changes among preadolescents and adolescents, taking growth and development into account.


STUDY DESIGN
We studied a cohort of 6149 girls and 4620 boys from all over the United States who were 9 to 14 years old in 1996. All returned questionnaires in the fall of 1996 and a year later in 1997. Each child provided his or her current height and weight and a detailed assessment of typical past-year dietary intakes, physical activities, and recreational inactivities (TV, videos/VCR, and video/computer games).


METHODS
Our hypotheses were that physical activity and dietary fiber intake are negatively correlated with annual changes in adiposity and that recreational inactivity (TV/videos/games), caloric intake, and dietary fat intake are positively correlated with annual changes in adiposity. Separately for boys and girls, we performed regression analysis of 1-year change in body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)). All hypothesized factors were in the model simultaneously with several adjustment factors.


RESULTS
Larger increases in BMI from 1996 to 1997 were among girls who reported higher caloric intakes (.0061 +/-.0026 kg/m(2) per 100 kcal/day; beta +/- standard error), less physical activity (-.0284 +/-.0142 kg/m(2)/hour/day) and more time with TV/videos/games (.0372 +/-.0106 kg/m(2)/hour/day) during the year between the 2 BMI assessments. Larger BMI increases were among boys who reported more time with TV/videos/games (.0384 +/-.0101) during the year. For both boys and girls, a larger rise in caloric intake from 1996 to 1997 predicted larger BMI increases (girls:.0059 +/-.0027 kg/m(2) per increase of 100 kcal/day; boys:.0082 +/-.0030). No significant associations were noted for energy-adjusted dietary fat or fiber.


CONCLUSIONS
For both boys and girls, a 1-year increase in BMI was larger in those who reported more time with TV/videos/games during the year between the 2 BMI measurements, and in those who reported that their caloric intakes increased more from 1 year to the next. Larger year-to-year increases in BMI were also seen among girls who reported higher caloric intakes and less physical activity during the year between the 2 BMI measurements. Although the magnitudes of these estimated effects were small, their cumulative effects, year after year during adolescence, would produce substantial gains in body weight. Strategies to prevent excessive caloric intakes, to decrease time with TV/videos/games, and to increase physical activity would be promising as a means to prevent obesity.
Energy-Efficient 5G Outdoor-to-Indoor Communication: SUDAS Over Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum

In this paper, we study the design of the user selection, the time allocation to uplink and downlink, and the transceiver processing matrix for uplink and downlink multicarrier transmission employing a shared user equipment (UE)-side distributed antenna system (SUDAS). The proposed SUDAS simultaneously utilizes licensed frequency bands and unlicensed frequency bands with large available bandwidths (e.g. the millimeter wave bands) to enable a spatial multiplexing gain for single-antenna UEs to improve the energy efficiency and throughput of 5th generation (5G) outdoor-to-indoor communication. The resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem for the maximization of the end-to-end system energy efficiency (bits/Joule). The nonconvex matrix optimization problem is converted to an equivalent nonconvex scalar optimization problem for multiple parallel channels, which is solved by an asymptotically globally optimal iterative algorithm. Besides, we propose a suboptimal algorithm, which finds a locally optimal solution of the nonconvex optimization problem. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed resource allocation algorithms for SUDAS achieve a significant performance gain in terms of system energy efficiency and spectral efficiency compared to conventional baseline systems by offering multiple parallel data streams for single-antenna UEs.
Regeneration and repair in multiple sclerosis: The role of cell transplantation

Physiological (spontaneous) and reactive (reparative) regenerative processes are fundamental part of life and greatly differ among the different animals and tissues. While spontaneous regeneration naturally occurs upon cell attrition, reparative regeneration occurs as a consequence of tissue damage. Both spontaneous and reparative regeneration play an important role in maintaining the normal equilibrium of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in promoting its repair upon injury. Cells play a critical role in reparative regeneration as regenerating structures (cells or tissues) depend on the proliferation without (de)differentiation of parenchymal cells surviving to the injury, proliferation of stem (progenitor) cells resident in the injured tissue, dedifferentiation of mature cells in the remaining tissue, or by the influx of stem cells originating outside the damaged tissue. Considering the central role of stem and progenitor cells in regeneration, a spur of experimental stem cell-based transplantation approaches for tissue (e.g. CNS) repair has been recently generated. This review will focus on the therapeutic efficacy of different sources of somatic stem cells - and in particular on those of neural origin - in promoting CNS repair in a chronic (auto)immune-mediated inflammatory disorder such as multiple sclerosis.
Dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the youth self-report across gender and age.

PURPOSE
The aim of the present work was to examine the correlated eight-syndrome model of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) proposed by Ivanova et al [1], using a confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data. Likewise, we explored the measurement invariance of the YSR across gender and age using multigroup comparisons, and checked whether there were differences in the latent means.


METHODS
The sample was made up of 4,868 nonclinical adolescents (47.6% males), with a mean age of 14.6 years (SD = 1.6).


RESULTS
The correlated eight-syndrome model proposed by Ivanova et al [1] showed a reasonable fit to the data, both for the total sample and by participants' gender and age. Moreover, the factor-equivalence analysis showed that the hypothesized dimensional model was invariant across gender and age. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing latent means between the groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These results coincide with those found in the literature and are in support of the replicability, generalizability, and consistency of the eight-syndrome model of the YSR, as well as its measurement invariance across gender and age. Future studies should explore the measurement invariance of this model through multigroup comparisons across cultures.
Martorell’s hypertensive leg ulcer: case report and concise review of the literature

Hypertensive leg ulcers (Martorell’s ulcers) are a unique form of lower extremity ischaemic leg ulcer. First described by Martorell, and Hines and Farber in the 1940s, these ulcers are defined by pain disproportionate to the size of the ulcer, specific location on the lower extremity, female-to-male predominance, association with long-standing, often poorly, controlled hypertension, and healing response to specific antihypertensive agents. We present a case of Martorell’s hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer and a concise review of the 104 previous cases in the world’s English literature. Hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcers will be more commonly recognised with a renewed appreciation of the existence of this clinical entity.
A Language of Teaching Dilemmas: Unlocking the Complex Multilingual Secondary Mathematics

As a mathematics teacher and teacher educatot, I am concerned not only with improving the quality of mathematical learning and teaching, but also with social justice and equity. In more macro terms, I am concerned with both the growth and development of mathematical knowledge and of democracy, a task made all the more difficult by the tmbulence, uncertainty and rapid change, particularly in technology, which are the halhuarks of the contemporary period. Given this macro-fi:amework, teachlng mathematics successfully to all in school is a complex task It includes: enabling epistemic acces,s for all to appropriate mathematical knowledge in school, and enabling the participation and inclusion of diverse voices in the mathematics cmriculum In this light, the task of managing the teaching-learning process is ffiled with tensions On the one hand, there are the tensions among spontaneous, intuitive and diverse mathematisations (everyday mathematics), the mathematics of mathematicians (the discipline of mathematics) and the canonised curriculum (school mathematics). And, on the other, teachers and teacher educators face the tension of simultaneously being the agents and the objects of change These tensions are part of om historical moment They give rise to the challenge in mathematics education and teacher education of empowering ourselves and our students to manage dynamic tensions in teaching-learning processes effectively · In these rather sweeping introductory comments, I have tried to capture the themes of tensions, diversity, tmbulence and change which infuse current mathematics education practice My task in this article is to illustrate the complexities of secondary mathematics teaching and learning in contemporary multilingual classrooms. Specifically, I will show how and why, based on recently completed research, a language of dilemmas provides a powerful explanatory and analytic tool as well as a source of praxis in mathematics education in a changing educational and political context
Judgmental forecasting : A review of progress over the last 25 years

The past 25 years has seen phenomenal growth of interest in judgemental approaches to forecasting and a significant change of attitude on the part of researchers to the role of judgement. While previously judgement was thought to be the enemy of accuracy, today judgement is recognised as an indispensable component of forecasting and much research attention has been directed at understanding and improving its use. Human judgement can be demonstrated to provide a significant benefit to forecasting accuracy but it can also be subject to many biases. Much of the research has been directed at understanding and managing these strengths and weaknesses. An indication of the explosion of research interest in this area can be gauged by the fact that over 200 studies are referenced in this review. D 2006 International Institute of Forecasters. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A prospective longitudinal clinical trial evaluating quality of life after breast-conserving surgery and high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE
To prospectively examine quality of life (QOL) of patients with early stage breast cancer treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using high-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Between March 2004 and December 2008, 151 patients with early stage breast cancer were enrolled in a phase 2 prospective clinical trial. Eligible patients included those with Tis-T2 tumors measuring ≤3 cm excised with negative surgical margins and with no nodal involvement. Patients received 3.4 Gy twice daily to a total dose of 34 Gy. QOL was measured using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30, version 3.0, and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. The QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires were evaluated during pretreatment and then at 6 to 8 weeks, 3 to 4 months, 6 to 8 months, and 1 and 2 years after treatment.


RESULTS
The median follow-up was 55 months. Breast symptom scores remained stable in the months after treatment, and they significantly improved 6 to 8 months after treatment. Scores for emotional functioning, social functioning, and future perspective showed significant improvement 2 years after treatment. Symptomatic fat necrosis was associated with several changes in QOL, including increased pain, breast symptoms, systemic treatment side effects, dyspnea, and fatigue, as well as decreased role functioning, emotional functioning, and social functioning.


CONCLUSIONS
HDR multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy was well tolerated, with no significant detrimental effect on measured QOL scales/items through 2 years of follow-up. Compared to pretreatment scores, there was improvement in breast symptoms, emotional functioning, social functioning, and future perspective 2 years after treatment.
A pilot study of screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) in non-treatment seeking smokers with HIV.

INTRODUCTION
PLHIV have higher rates of smoking and lower motivation to quit smoking; thus to impact smoking rates, cessation interventions need to be acceptable to a wider range of PLHIV smokers as well as feasible to implement in a busy clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) model in an HIV/AIDS clinic among a sample of PLHIV.


METHODS
PLHIV smokers (N=40) were randomized at baseline, irrespective of their self-reported discrete smoking cessation motivation status, to receive either 8-weeks of combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in conjunction with brief counseling (SBIRT framework) (n=23) or usual care (n=17). Smoking outcome measures included cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine dependence, smoking urge, and smoking withdrawal symptoms.


RESULTS
The SBIRT intervention appeared to be acceptable and feasible, and produced medium to large reductions in cigarettes smoked per day, physical nicotine dependence, smoking urge, and smoking withdrawal symptoms, even for smokers not ready to quit within 6months.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings provide preliminary support for the integration of an SBIRT model in an HIV/AIDS clinic setting to screen and provide active treatment to all smokers, regardless of readiness to quit smoking. Given the high prevalence and incredible health burden of continued smoking in this population, identifying brief and effective interventions that are easily translated into clinical practice represents an enormous challenge that if met, will yield significant improvements to overall patient outcomes.
Genetic susceptibility to cancer. Family physicians' experience.

OBJECTIVE
To explore family physicians' experiences in dealing with genetic susceptibility to cancer.


DESIGN
Qualitative study using focus groups.


SETTING
Four Ontario sites: northern, rural, urban, and inner city.


PARTICIPANTS
Forty rural and urban FPs participated in four focus groups: 28 were male; average age was 41.


METHOD
Focus groups using a semistructured interview guide were audiotaped and transcribed. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used. Key words and concepts were identified. Data were sorted using NUD*IST software.


MAIN FINDINGS
Participants realized the escalating expectations for genetic testing and its effect on family practice. They explored an expanded role for themselves in genetic testing. Possible activities included risk assessment, gatekeeping, and ordering genetic tests. They were concerned about the complexity of genetic testing, the lack of evidence regarding management, and the implications for families.


CONCLUSION
We must help FPs struggling to integrate genetics into their practices, by addressing their concerns, enhancing the way they communicate information on genetics, and developing appropriate educational tools.
Waist – hip ratio predicts women ’ s preferences for masculine male faces , but not perceptions of men ’ s trustworthiness

Studies show that attractive women demonstrate stronger preferences for masculine men than relatively unattractive women do. Such condition-dependent preferences may occur because attractive women can more easily offset the costs associated with choosing a masculine partner, such as lack of commitment and less interest in parenting. Alternatively, if masculine men display negative characteristics less to attractive women than to unattractive women, attractive women may perceive masculine men to have more positive personality traits than relatively unattractive women do. We examined how two indices of women’s attractiveness, body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio (WHR), relate to perceptions of both the attractiveness and trustworthiness of masculinized versus feminized male faces. Consistent with previous studies, women with a low (attractive) WHR had stronger preferences for masculine male faces than did women with a relatively high (unattractive) WHR. This relationship remained significant when controlling for possible effects of BMI. Neither WHR nor BMI predicted perceptions of trustworthiness. These findings present converging evidence for condition-dependent mate preferences in women and suggest that such preferences do not reflect individual differences in the extent to which pro-social traits are ascribed to feminine versus masculine men. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial

BACKGROUND
The aim of this trial was to assess the relative efficacy of a sage/echinacea spray and a chlorhexidine/lidocaine spray in the treatment of acute sore throats.


METHODS
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial carried out in eleven general practices in Switzerland. A total of 154 patients (133 analyzed in per protocol collective) at least 12 years old with acute sore throat present for not more than 72 hours prior to inclusion and with a throat score >/=6 participated in the study. They used either an echinacea/sage spray or a chlorhexidine/ lidocaine spray with two puffs every 2 hours, in a double-dummy blinded manner, up to 10 times daily until they were symptom-free, for a maximum of 5 days. The main outcome measures was the comparison of response rates during the first three days. A response was defined as a decrease of at least 50% of the total symptoms compared to baseline.


RESULTS
The echinacea/sage treatment exhibited similar efficacy to the chlorhexidine/lidocaine treatment in reducing sore throat symptoms during the first 3 days (P(x<Y) = .5083). Response rates after 3 days were 63.8% in the echinacea/sage group and 57.8% in the chlorhexidine/lidocaine group. For all secondary parameters, such as time to becoming symptom free, throat pain, and global assessments of efficacy by the physician and patient, no difference between the two treatments was seen. They were both very well tolerated.


CONCLUSION
An echinacea/sage preparation is as efficacious and well tolerated as a chlorhexidine/lidocaine spray in the treatment of acute sore throats.
Touch Screen Tablets and Emergent Literacy

The use of touch screen tablets by young children is increasing in the home and in early childhood settings. The simple tactile interface and finger-based operating features of tablets may facilitate preschoolers’ use of tablet application software and support their educational development in domains such as literacy. This article reviews current findings on using touch screen tablets in supporting early literacy development within a theoretical framework. The evidence suggests that tablets have the potential to enhance children’s emergent literacy skills (e.g., alphabet knowledge, print concepts, and emergent writing). However, the optimal use of tablets for early literacy learning may be dependent upon the type of scaffolding used by parent or teacher and the availability and quality of literacy tablet applications. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Energy hubs for the future

This paper presents a project named "Vision of Future Energy Networks", which aims at a greenfield approach for future energy systems. The definition of energy hubs and the conception of combined interconnector devices represent key approaches towards a multicarrier greenfield layout. Models and tools for technical, economical and environmental investigations in multicarrier energy systems have been developed and used in various case studies