LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Wal-Mart ’ s impact on supplier profits

Previous academic research on the expansion of dominant retailers such as Wal-Mart has looked at implications for incumbent retailers, consumers, and the local community. Little is known, however, about Wal-Mart’s influence on suppliers’ performance. Manufacturers suggest Wal-Mart uses its power to squeeze their profits. In this paper we study the validity of that claim. We investigate the underlying mechanisms that may cause changes in manufacturer profits following Wal-Mart market entry. Our data contains information on supplier interactions with retail stores, including Wal-Mart, for a period of five years. We find that post-entry supplier profits increased by almost 18% on average, whereas profits derived from incumbent retailers decreased only marginally. Contrary to predictions from analytical work our results show wholesale prices are not the main driver of post-entry supplier profit changes; market expansion is. We observe a significant increase in shipments to 45% of markets studied. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates supplier shipment and profit increases are highest for markets in which incumbents offer a wide variety of products and carry items that Wal-Mart does not sell.
Ambivalence and Resistance: A Study of Management in a Concertive Control System

This research contributes to our understanding of control and resistance by demonstrating that managers may be constrained by the very concertive systems of control that they enact and that managers may subtly and indirectly support employee resistance to control. A study of an aerospace company finds concertive control acts as a barrier to management directed organizational change. In this case, managers subverted their own change efforts by communicating ambivalence about changes they introduced; this gave employees support in resisting the proposed changes. Despite clear material necessity and discursive ideologies supporting change, managers were bound by their identification with and devotion to the traditional value premises of the company.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of hematopoietic stem cells.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article summarizes recent progress in understanding the developmental hierarchy of the stem cell compartment in hematopoietic organs and discusses assays and phenotypic markers that allow their identification.


RECENT FINDINGS
In the past few years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the complexity of the embryonic origin of the hematopoietic system and the developmental migration of hematopoietic stem cells, which involves multiple anatomical sites in an embryo before adult hematopoiesis is established in bone marrow. New data shed more light on the developmental hierarchy of the stem cell compartment in bone marrow and there is growing evidence that bone marrow may also contain a pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to the long-term repopulating of hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, rare populations of primitive hematopoietic stem cells have been identified in bone marrow that engraft after intrabone injection only. New strategies to isolate/purify hematopoietic stem cells are developed based on employing surface markers and metabolic properties. Noteworthy, expression of some surface markers may change during their activation and isolation.


SUMMARY
Hematopoietic stem cells are heterogeneous and differ in the expression of both surface markers and the assays by which they can be detected and quantified.
Research Guides: China Studies: Geography & Maps

Provides a starting point for China Studies, including resources to find books, articles, etc.
Réseaux de neurones récurrents à fonctions de base radiales: RRFR Application au pronostic

RÉSUMÉ. La surveillance des équipements industriels néces site le traitement d’un certain nombre de signaux capteurs. Il s’agit essentielleme nt d détecter toute déviation par rapport à un comportement de référence, en générant une ala rme. C’est alors que la fonction diagnostic aura pour rôle de localiser l’organe déf aillant et d’identifier les causes de la défaillance. De part leur flexibilité, leur facilit é d’exploitation et leur sûreté de fonctionnement, les Réseaux de neurones à Fonctions de base Radiales (RFR) sont des outils tout à fait adaptés à ce genre de traitement. Afin d’i tégrer la dimension temporelle essentielle de la surveillance industrielle, nous p roposons une nouvelle architecture de RFR dynamiques appelés RRFR (Réseaux de neurones Récurr ents à Fonctions de base Radiales). Nous montrons ainsi l’adéquation de ce réseau de neu ro s dynamique par rapport aux problèmes spécifiques de la surveillance dynamique, comme la détection précoce des paliers de dégradation et la reconnaissance de fausses alar mes.
Feasibility study of a clinically-integrated randomized trial of modifications to radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND
Numerous technical modifications to radical prostatectomy have been proposed. Such modifications are likely to lead to only slight improvements in outcomes. Although small differences would be worthwhile, an appropriately powered randomized trial would need to be very large, and thus of doubtful feasibility given the expense, complexity and regulatory burden of contemporary clinical trials. We have proposed a novel methodology, the clinically-integrated randomized trial, which dramatically streamlines trial procedures in order to reduce the marginal cost of an additional patient towards zero. We aimed to determine the feasibility of implementing such a trial for radical prostatectomy.


METHODS
Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy as initial treatment for prostate cancer were randomized in a factorial design to involvement of the fascia during placement of the anastomotic sutures, urethral irrigation, both or neither. Endpoint data were obtained from routine clinical documentation. Accrual and compliance rates were monitored to determine the feasibility of the trial.


RESULTS
From a total of 260 eligible patients, 154 (59%) consented; 56 patients declined to participate, 20 were not approached on recommendation of the treating surgeon, and 30 were not approached for logistical reasons. Although recording by surgeons of the procedure used was incomplete (~80%), compliance with randomization was excellent when it was recorded, with only 6% of procedures inconsistent with allocation. Outcomes data was received from 71% of patients at one year. This improved to 83% as the trial progressed.


CONCLUSIONS
A clinically-integrated randomized trial was conducted at low cost, with excellent accrual, and acceptable compliance with treatment allocation and outcomes reporting. This demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology. Improved methods to ensure documentation of surgical procedures would be required before wider implementation.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00928850.
Competition , autonomy , and prestige : Mechanisms through which the Dark Triad predict job satisfaction q

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.026 0191-8869/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. q This study was funded by a seed grant to the first author from the University of Western Sydney. ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia. Tel.: +61 (02) 9772 6447; fax: +61 (02) 9772 6757. E-mail address: p.jonason@uws.edu.au (P.K. Jonason). Peter K. Jonason a,⇑, Serena Wee , Norman P. Li b
Risks of propofol sedation/anesthesia for imaging studies in pediatric research: eight years of experience in a clinical research center.

OBJECTIVES
To quantify the incidence of adverse events associated with anesthesia given for research-driven imaging studies and to identify risk factors for those events in pediatric research subjects.


DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.


SETTING
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.


PARTICIPANTS
Children and adolescents enrolled in clinical research protocols who required anesthesia for research-related imaging studies from January 2000 to September 2008.


INTERVENTION
Propofol sedation/anesthesia.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The occurrence of respiratory, cardiovascular, and all anesthesia-related adverse events that required intervention while receiving anesthetics for research-driven imaging studies and other noninvasive procedures.


RESULTS
We identified 607 children who received 1480 propofol anesthetic procedures for imaging studies. Seventy percent of anesthetics were given to subjects with severe diseases and significant disabilities (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status [ASA] III). Anesthesia had a mean (SD) duration of 115 (55) minutes, and in 12.5% of procedures, an airway device was necessary. There were 98 notable respiratory, cardiovascular, and other events in 79 anesthetic procedures, a rate of 534 per 10 000 anesthetic procedures with 1 or more adverse events. There was no long-lasting morbidity or mortality. The ASA classification (odds ratio [OR], 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-6.88), anesthetic effect duration (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.25-1.70), and presence of airway abnormalities (OR, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.60-12.12) were independently associated with adverse events during anesthetic use.


CONCLUSION
In our clinical research sample of high-risk children who received sedation/anesthesia by an anesthesiologist, we observed a low incidence of adverse events and no long-term complications. Risk factors for adverse events included higher ASA classification, increasing anesthetic duration, and presence of airway abnormalities.
Pulsatile dry cupping in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee – a randomized controlled exploratory trial

INTRODUCTION
Cupping is used in various traditional medicine forms to relieve pain in musculoskeletal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cupping in relieving the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA).


METHODS
In a two-group, randomized controlled exploratory pilot study patients with a clinically and radiological confirmed knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale: 2-4) and a pain intensity > 40 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were included. 40 Patients were randomized to either 8 sessions of pulsatile dry cupping within 4 weeks or no intervention (control). Paracetamol was allowed on demand for both groups. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score, the pain intensity on a VAS (0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = maximum intensity) and Quality of Life (SF-36) 4 and 12 weeks after randomization. Use of Paracetamol was documented within the 4-week treatment period. Analyses were performed by analysis of covariance adjusting for the baseline value for each outcome.


RESULTS
21 patients were allocated to the cupping group (5 male; mean age 68 ± SD 7.2) and 19 to the control group (8 male; 69 ± 6.8). After 4 weeks the WOMAC global score improved significantly more in the cupping group with a mean of 27.7 (95% confidence interval 22.1; 33.3) compared to 42.2 (36.3; 48.1) in the control group (p = 0.001). After 12 weeks the WOMAC global score were still significantly different in favor for cupping (31.0 (24.9; 37.2) vs. 40.8 (34.4; 47.3) p = 0.032), however the WOMAC subscores for pain and stiffness were not significant anymore. Significantly better outcomes in the cupping group were also observed for pain intensity on VAS and for the SF-36 Physical Component Scale compared to the control group after 4 and 12 weeks. No significant difference was observed for the SF-36 Mental Component Scale and the total number of consumed Paracetamol tablets between both groups (mean 9.1, SD ± 20.0 vs. 11.5 ± 15.9).


CONCLUSION
In this exploratory study dry cupping with a pulsatile cupping device relieved symptoms of knee OA compared to no intervention. Further studies comparing cupping with active treatments are needed.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01057043.
Recent Developments in Control Schemes of BLDC Motors

This paper presents a technical review of published literature addressing control schemes for BLDC motors. The control methods reviewed include sensor less control, PWM techniques used, various methods for rotor position detection and initial rotor position detection methods.
HAM-Tools - An Integrated Simulation Tool for Heat, Air and Moisture Transfer Analyses in Building Physics

HAM-Tools’ is a building simulation software. ‘HAM’ stands for Heat, Air and Moisture transport processes in a building and building envelope that can be simulated by this program, and ‘Tools’ describes its modular structure. The main objective of this tool is to obtain simulations of transfer processes related to building physics, i.e. heat and mass transport in buildings and building components in operating conditions. The tool is to be used as a research and educational tool for the investigation of the mechanism of the above mentioned processes and of the degree of their correlation when they are coupled. Using the graphical programming language Simulink, the code is developed as a library of predefined calculation procedures (tools) where each supports the calculation of the HAM transfer processes in a building part or an interacting system. Tools are grouped according to their functionality into five sub-systems: Constructions (building envelope parts), Zones (air volume of the room), Systems (HVAC systems), Helpers (weather data) and Gains (casual gains). When all sub-systems are coupled together and solved simultaneously, the resulted simulation represents the highest level of integration in the HAM-Tools. The modular structure in Simulink, using systems and subsystems and the graphical approach, facilitate handling and control of a very complex interaction between different parts of the model. This thesis encloses a presentation of HAM-Tools structure, mathematical and numerical models that it is based on, selected examples of the application of the code and results of validation tests. As a part of the International Building Physics Toolbox, HAM-Tools is an open research tool and publicly available for a free downloading. Any researcher can use, expand and develop the contents of the library.
Comparison of CASCADE error correction protocol and LDPC error correction codes

This work introduces the CASCADE error correction protocol and LDPC (Low-Density Parity Check) error correction codes which are both parity check based. We also give the results of computer simulations that are performed for comparing their performances (redundant information, success).
Maastrichtian to early Tertiary stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Central and Northern Oman Mountains

Abstract Maastrichtian to Tertiary sedimentary rocks outcrop extensively around the periphery of the Oman Mountains. They form part of a geologically distinct suite of strata deposited after obduction of the Semail ophiolite and thrusting of the Hawasina and Sumeini imbricates onto the eastern edge of the Arabian plate. The lithostratigraphy of Maastrichtian and early Tertiary rocks of the central and northern Oman Mountains is revised and a number of new formations are erected. The proto-Oman Mountains were emergent in the early Maastrichtian and were subject to subaerial erosion and weathering. NW and W of the mountains, gradual subsidence followed during the Maastrichtian, allowing for formation of a transgressive, onlapping sequence represented by the Qahlah (fluviatile to shallow marine terrigenous clastics) and Simsima (shallow shelf carbonate) Formations. More rapid subsidence NE of the mountains produced fan delta and submarine debris flow/turbidite apron sequences comprising the Al Khawd and Thaqab Formations respectively. A low-angle unconformity separates Tertiary strata from older units. During the Palaeogene, basinal and slope facies with debris flows and turbidite sequences were deposited directly upon the unconformity surface in rapidly subsiding basins NW (Muthaymimah Formation) and NNE (Ruwaydah Formation) of the Oman Mountains. Elsewhere, shallow carbonate shelf facies were extensively developed in less rapidly subsiding areas during the Palaeogene. The Palaeocene and early Eocene is represented by the Jafnayn Limestone Formation. This is succeeded and overlapped by a variety of later Eocene units. ENE and E of the mountains early Eocene regression is marked by restricted facies of the Rusayl Formation. Overlying the Rusayl Formation are shallow, open shelf limestones of the Seeb Formation which is rich in alveolinid and nummulitic foraminifera. On the Arabian side of the mountains the Rusayl Formation is not developed and the Jafnayn Formation is succeeded either by the Seeb Formation or fine-grained, faunally restricted limestones and marls of the Fahud Beds, which represent intra-shelf facies.
Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research

This article provides a synthesizing overview of the past 20 yr. of consumer research addressing the soclocultural, experiential, symbolic, and ideological aspects of consumption. Our aim is to provide a viable disciplinary brand for this research tradition that we call consumer culture theory (CCT). We propose that CCT has fulfilled recurrent calls for developing a distinctive body of theoretical knowledge about consumption and marketplace behaviors. In developing this argument, we redress three enduring misconceptions about the nature and analytic orientation of CCT. We then assess how CCT has contributed to consumer research by illuminating the cultural dimensions of the consumption cycle and by developing novel theorizations concerning four thematic domains of research interest.
Non-EEG seizure-detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: State of the art

PURPOSE
There is a need for a seizure-detection system that can be used long-term and in home situations for early intervention and prevention of seizure related side effects including SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients). The gold standard for monitoring epileptic seizures involves video/EEG (electro-encephalography), which is uncomfortable for the patient, as EEG electrodes are attached to the scalp. EEG analysis is also labour-intensive and has yet to be automated and adapted for real-time monitoring. It is therefore usually performed in a hospital setting, for a few days at the most. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of body signals that can be measured, along with corresponding methods, state-of-art research, and commercially available systems, as well as to stress the importance of a good detection system.


METHOD
Narrative literature review.


RESULTS
A range of body signals can be monitored for the purpose of seizure detection. It is particularly interesting to include monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, as this may be an important patho-physiological mechanism of SUDEP, and of movement, as many seizures have a motor component.


CONCLUSION
The most effective seizure detection systems are multimodal. Such systems should also be comfortable and low-power. The body signals and modalities on which a system is based should take account of the user's seizure types and personal preferences.
Right Heart Structural Changes Are Independently Associated with Exercise Capacity in Non-Severe COPD

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurs frequently and results in functional limitation in advanced COPD. Data regarding the functional consequence of PH in less severe COPD are limited. Whether echocardiographic evidence of right sided heart pathology is associated with functional outcomes in patients with non-severe COPD is unknown.


METHODS
We evaluated pulmonary function, six minute walk distance, and echocardiography in 74 consecutive patients with non-severe COPD. We performed multivariable linear regression to evaluate the association between right heart echocardiographic parameters and six minute walk distance adjusting for lung function, age, sex, race, and BMI.


MAIN RESULTS
The mean six minute walk distance was 324±106 meters. All subjects had preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function (LV ejection fraction 62.3%±6.1%). 54.1% had evidence of some degree of diastolic dysfunction. 17.6% of subjects had evidence of right ventricular enlargement and 36.5% had right atrial enlargement. In univariate analysis RV wall thickness (β = -68.6; p = 0.002), log right atrial area (β = -297.9; p = 0.004), LV mass index (β = -1.3; p = 0.03), E/E' ratio (β = -5.5; p = 0.02), and degree of diastolic dysfunction (β = -42.8; p = 0.006) were associated with six minute walk distance. After adjustment for co-variables, the associations between right atrial area (log right atrial area β = -349.8; p = 0.003) and right ventricular wall thickness (β = -43.8; p = 0.04) with lower six minute walk distance remained significant independent of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). LV mass index, E/E' ratio, and degree of diastolic dysfunction were not independent predictors of six minute walk distance.


CONCLUSION
In patients with non-severe COPD right sided cardiac structural changes are associated with lower six minute walk distance independent of lung function. These findings may indicate that echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension is present in patients with non-severe COPD and has important functional consequences.
Real-Time Processing of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization on FPGA

Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is a technique to enhance the visibility of local details of an image by increasing the contrast in local regions. In CLAHE, the enhancement is controlled to avoid excess amplification of the noises in the local regions. CLAHE computes several histograms of intensity values, each corresponding to a distinct region of the image, distributes the histograms to avoid the excess amplification, and remaps the intensity values using the distributed histograms. In this paper, we propose an approach for real-time computation of CLAHE using an FPGA. In our system, (1) a histogram is generated for each pixel in a image, and the intensity of only the pixel is remapped using the histogram to generate smooth images, and (2) each histogram is speculatively distributed without iterations by feeding back the distribution result of its previous pixel. With this approach, we can achieve real-time processing of HD images.
Design , Simulation and Construction of Cockroft Walton Voltage Multiplier

In this cockroft – Walton Voltage Multiplier Project, the theory of this method is to build power supply that can generate High Voltage with a Low current. Designing the circuit based on the basic of cockroft Walton circuit that consists of ladder network of capacitor and diodes. The high voltage equipment is required to study the insulation behavior under all conditions, which the apparatus is likely to encounter. Some objectives are to study the fundamental of voltage multiplier such as type, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages before designed a cockroft-walton’s voltage multiplier with 4KV output. the methodology is to study the characteristics of voltage doubler and Tripler circuit compared with cockroft Walton’s voltage multiplier circuit before designing, simulate the designed circuit with simulation program as MULTISIM, PSCAD and other programs and construct the designing circuit to Prove the theoretical value. The result hopefully can be full filed the theory of the cockroft Walton voltage multiplier which is generate High Voltage with a Low current. KeywordsVariable Frequency