LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bayley-2 and Bayley-3 scores at 18 months in term infants following neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia

AIM
Neuroprotection trials for neonatal encephalopathy use moderate or severe disability as an outcome, with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (Bayley-2) Index scores of <70 as part of the criteria. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler, 3rd Development, Third Edition (Bayley-3) have superseded Bayley-2 and yield higher than expected scores in typically developing and high-risk infants. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare Bayley-2 scores and Bayley-3 scores in term-born infants surviving neonatal encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.


METHOD
Sixty-one term-born infants (37 males, 24 females; median gestational age at birth 40 wks, range 36-42 wks; median birthweight 3280 g, range 2295-5050) following neonatal encephalopathy and hypothermia had contemporaneous assessment at 18 months using the Bayley-2 and Bayley-3.


RESULTS
The median Bayley-3 Cognitive Composite score was 7 points higher than the median Bayley-2 Mental Developmental Index (MDI) score and the median Bayley-3 Motor Composite score was 18 points higher than the median Bayley-2 Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) score. Ten children had a Bayley-2 MDI of <70; only three children had Bayley-3 combined Cognitive/Language scores of <70. Eleven children had Bayley-2 PDI scores of <70 and four had modified Bayley-3 Motor Composite scores of <70. Applying regression equations to Bayley-3 scores adjusted rates of severe delay to similar proportions found using Bayley-2 scores.


INTERPRETATION
Fewer children were classified with severe delay using the Bayley-3 than the Bayley-2, which prohibits direct comparison of scores. Increased Bayley-3 cut-off thresholds for classifying severe disability are recommended when comparing studies in this clinical group using Bayley-2 scores.
Group I mGluRs and Long-Term Depression: Potential Roles in Addiction?

Addiction is an enormous societal problem. A number of recent studies have focused on adaptations at glutamatergic synapses that may play a role in the behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. These studies have largely focused on NMDA receptor-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity such as NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). A growing body of evidence, however, suggests that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) also play important roles in the behavioral responses to drugs of abuse and participate in producing synaptic plasticity at glutamate synapses. In this review, we focus first on the evidence supporting a role for mGluRs in addiction and then on the properties of mGluR-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, focusing in particular on Gq-linked receptor-induced LTD.
Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Macrophage Transformation and Governs Myocardial Ischemic Injury.

BACKGROUND
Myocardium irreversibly injured by ischemic stress must be efficiently repaired to maintain tissue integrity and contractile performance. Macrophages play critical roles in this process. These cells transform across a spectrum of phenotypes to accomplish diverse functions ranging from mediating the initial inflammatory responses that clear damaged tissue to subsequent reparative functions that help rebuild replacement tissue. Although macrophage transformation is crucial to myocardial repair, events governing this transformation are poorly understood.


METHODS
Here, we set out to determine whether innate immune responses triggered by cytoplasmic DNA play a role.


RESULTS
We report that ischemic myocardial injury, along with the resulting release of nucleic acids, activates the recently described cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Animals lacking cyclic GMP-AMP synthase display significantly improved early survival after myocardial infarction and diminished pathological remodeling, including ventricular rupture, enhanced angiogenesis, and preserved ventricular contractile function. Furthermore, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase loss of function abolishes the induction of key inflammatory programs such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes the transformation of macrophages to a reparative phenotype, which results in enhanced repair and improved hemodynamic performance.


CONCLUSIONS
These results reveal, for the first time, that the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase functions during cardiac ischemia as a pattern recognition receptor in the sterile immune response. Furthermore, we report that this pathway governs macrophage transformation, thereby regulating postinjury cardiac repair. Because modulators of this pathway are currently in clinical use, our findings raise the prospect of new treatment options to combat ischemic heart disease and its progression to heart failure.
The Relationship between Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Evolving Cultures, and Wilderness Protection in the Circumpolar North

There are many unique issues associated with natural resource management in the far north as a result of legislative direction, historic settlement and occupation patterns, northern cultural traditions, ecotourism, economic depression, pressures for energy development, and globalization and modernization effects. Wilderness designation in Canada, the USA, and Finland is aimed at preserving and restoring many human and ecological values, as are the long-established, strictly enforced, nature reserves in Russia. In Alaska and Finland, and in some provinces of Canada, there is a variety of values associated with protecting relatively intact relationships between indigenous people and relatively pristine, vast ecosystems. These values are often described as “traditional means of livelihood,” “traditional means of access,” “traditional relationships with nature,” or “traditional lifestyles.” Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) forms part of these relationships and has been acknowledged as a contributor to understanding the effects of management decisions and human-use impacts on long-term ecological composition, structure, and function. Wilderness protection can help maintain opportunities to continue traditional relationships with nature. As cultures continue to evolve in customs, attitudes, knowledge, and technological uses, values associated with both TEK and relationships with relatively pristine ecosystems will also evolve. Understanding these relationships and how to consider them in wilderness protection and restoration decision making is potentially one of the most contentious, widespread natural resource management issues in the circumpolar north.
Review on simulating uncertainties in construction projects

Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (CACE-2018) |Thakur College of Engineering and Technology, Thakur
Planar Printed Multi-Resonant Antenna for Octa-Band WWAN/LTE Mobile Handset

In this letter, a planar printed multiple-band antenna is proposed for mobile handset applications. The antenna consists of a driven monopole with multiple branches, and a parasitic ground strip with an open slot. By properly tuning the dimensions and positions of each part of the proposed antenna, octa-band operation is achieved with good radiation efficiency. For lower frequency, the LTE700, GSM850, and GSM900 bands are provided by the λ/4 modes of the driven monopole and the parasitic ground strip. For upper frequency, the DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300 and LTE2500 bands are covered by the higher order modes of the driven monopole and the parasitic ground strip. The open slot and the shorter driven branch are utilized to widen the bandwidth in the upper frequency. All the mentioned operating bands are achieved in a small area of 15 ×60 mm2. The measured -6-dB reflection coefficient bandwidth is 405 MHz ( 660 ~ 1065 MHz) in the lower band and ranges from 1665 MHz to more than 3000 MHz in the upper band.
Bilocal Dynamics in Quantum Field Theory

An essential aspect of noncommutative field theories is their bilocal nature. This feature, and its role in the IR/UV mixing, are discussed using a canonical quantization procedure developed recently.
Nearest-neighbour classifiers in natural scene analysis

It is now well-established that k nearest-neighbour classi"ers o!er a quick and reliable method of data classi"cation. In this paper we extend the basic de"nition of the standard k nearest-neighbour algorithm to include the ability to resolve con#icts when the highest number of nearest neighbours are found for more than one training class (model-1). We also propose model-2 of nearest-neighbour algorithm that is based on "nding the nearest average distance rather than nearest maximum number of neighbours. These new models are explored using image understanding data. The models are evaluated on pattern recognition accuracy for correctly recognising image texture data of "ve natural classes: grass, trees, sky, river re#ecting sky and river re#ecting trees. On noise contaminated test data, the new nearest neighbour models show very promising results for further studies. We evaluate their performance with increasing values of neighbours (k) and discuss their future in scene analysis research. CrownCopyright 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Pattern Recognition Society. All rights reserved.
Daily electronic monitoring of subjective and objective measures of illness activity in bipolar disorder using smartphones– the MONARCA II trial protocol: a randomized controlled single-blind parallel-group trial

BACKGROUND
Patients with bipolar disorder often show decreased adherence with mood stabilizers and frequently interventions on prodromal depressive and manic symptoms are delayed. Recently, the MONARCA I randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of electronic self-monitoring using smartphones on depressive and manic symptoms. The findings suggested that patients using the MONARCA system had more sustained depressive symptoms than patients using a smartphone for normal communicative purposes, but had fewer manic symptoms during the trial. It is likely that the ability of these self-monitored measures to detect prodromal symptoms of depression and mania may be insufficient compared to automatically generated objective data on measures of illness activity such as phone usage, social activity, physical activity, and mobility. The Monsenso system, for smartphones integrating subjective and objective measures of illness activity was developed and will be tested in the present trial.


METHODS
The MONARCA II trial uses a randomized controlled single-blind parallel-group design. Patients with bipolar disorder according to ICD-10 who previously have been treated at the Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder, Denmark are included and randomized to either daily use of the Monsenso system including an feedback loop between patients and clinicians (the intervention group) or to the use of a smartphone for normal communicative purposes (the control group) for a 9-month trial period. The trial was started in September 2014 and recruitment is ongoing. The outcomes are: differences in depressive and manic symptoms; rate of depressive and manic episodes (primary); automatically generated objective data on measures of illness activity; number of days hospitalized; psychosocial functioning (secondary); perceived stress; quality of life; self-rated depressive symptoms; self-rated manic symptoms; recovery; empowerment and adherence to medication (tertiary) between the intervention group and the control group during the trial. Ethical permission has been obtained. Positive, neutral and negative findings will be published.


DISCUSSION
If the system is effective in reducing depressive and/or manic symptoms (and other symptoms of bipolar disorder) and the rate of episodes, there will be basis for extending the use to the treatment of bipolar disorder in general and in larger scale.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02221336. Registered 26th of September 2014.
A prospective examination of children's time spent outdoors, objectively measured physical activity and overweight

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether time spent outdoors was associated with objectively measured physical activity, body mass index (BMI) z-score and overweight in elementary-school aged children, cross-sectionally and prospectively over 3 years.Methods: Three-year cohort study with data collected during 2001 and 2004. Nineteen randomly selected state elementary schools across Melbourne, Australia. One hundred and eighty eight 5–6-year-old and 360 10–12-year-old children. Baseline parent reports of children's time spent outdoors during warmer and cooler months, on weekdays and weekends. At baseline and follow-up, children's moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively assessed by accelerometry, and BMI z-score and overweight was calculated from measured height and weight.Results: Cross-sectionally, each additional hour outdoors on weekdays and weekend days during the cooler months was associated with an extra 27 min week−1 MVPA among older girls, and with an extra 20 min week−1 MVPA among older boys. Longitudinally, more time outdoors on weekends predicted higher MVPA on weekends among older girls and boys (5 min week−1). The prevalence of overweight among older children at follow-up was 27–41% lower among those spending more time outdoors at baseline.Conclusion: Encouraging 10–12-year-old children to spend more time outdoors may be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity and preventing increases in overweight and obesity. Intervention research investigating the effect of increasing time outdoors on children's physical activity and overweight is warranted.
Ventispheres: granule-pebble spheres of eolian origin in lower cretaceous and recent rocks of Israel

Abstract Spherical sandstone fragments which are neither concretions nor water-worn pebbles were found in the sandstone beds near the base of the Hathira Formation in the lower Cretaceous section of the Maktesh Gadol outcrops, in Southern Israel. Similar sandstone spheres which were found in the area were in the process of being formed by wind action in a serir environment. Both the ancient and the Recent spheres are referred to as “Ventispheres”. Their presence in the lower Cretaceous rocks shows that the non-marine interval between the first and the second marine transgressions recorded in this area included eolian events, at least in a local serir environment.
Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.

STUDY DESIGN
This study used a prospective, single-group repeated-measures design to analyze differences between the electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes produced by exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.


OBJECTIVE
To identify high-intensity exercises that elicit the greatest level of EMG activity in the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.


BACKGROUND
The trapezius and serratus anterior muscles are considered to be the only upward rotators of the scapula and are important for normal shoulder function. Electromyographic studies have been performed for these muscles during active and low-intensity exercises, but they have not been analyzed during high intensity exercises.


METHODS AND MEASURES
Surface electrodes recorded EMG activity of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles during 10 exercises in 30 healthy subjects.


RESULTS
The unilateral shoulder shrug exercise was found to produce the greatest EMG activity in the upper trapezius. For the middle trapezius, the greatest EMG amplitudes were generated with 2 exercises: shoulder horizontal extension with external rotation and the overhead arm raise in line with the lower trapezius muscle in the prone position. The arm raise overhead exercise in the prone position produced the maximum EMG activity in the lower trapezius. The serratus anterior was activated maximally with exercises requiring a great amount of upward rotation of the scapula. The exercises were shoulder abduction in the plane of the scapula above 120 degrees and a diagonal exercise with a combination of shoulder flexion, horizontal flexion, and external rotation.


CONCLUSION
This study identified exercises that maximally activate the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. This information may be helpful for clinicians in developing exercise programs for these muscles.
Fast Ionic Diffusion-Enabled Nanoflake Electrode by Spontaneous Electrochemical Pre-Intercalation for High-Performance Supercapacitor

Layered intercalation compounds NaxMnO2 (x 5 0.7 and 0.91) nanoflakes have been prepared directly through wet electrochemical process with Na ions intercalated into MnO2 interlayers spontaneously. The as-prepared NaxMnO2 nanoflake based supercapacitors exhibit faster ionic diffusion with enhanced redox peaks, tenfold-higher energy densities up to 110 Wh?kg and higher capacitances over 1000 F?g in aqueous sodium system compared with traditional MnO2 supercapacitors. Due to the free-standing electrode structure and suitable crystal structure, NaxMnO2 nanoflake electrodes also maintain outstanding electrochemical stability with capacitance retention up to 99.9% after 1000 cycles. Besides, pre-intercalation effect is further studied to explain this enhanced electrochemical performance. This study indicates that the suitable pre-intercalation is effective to improve the diffusion of electrolyte cations and other electrochemical performance for layered oxides, and suggests that the as-obtained nanoflakes are promising materials to achieve the hybridization of both high energy and power density for advanced supercapacitors.
The Sartre‐Heidegger Controversy on Humanism and the Concept of Man in Education

Jean‐Paul Sartre claims in his 1945 lecture ‘Existentialism is a Humanism’ that there are two kinds of existentialism: that of Christians like Karl Jaspers, and atheistic like Martin Heidegger. Sartre's ‘spiritual master’ Heidegger had no problem with Sartre defining him as an atheist, but he had serious problems with Sartre's concept of humanism and existentialism. Heidegger claims that the essence of humanism lies in the essence of the human being. After the Enlightenment, the Western concept of man has been presented in education in the form of Kantian humanistic essentialism. At least in the Finnish educational system, Kantian humanism is almost an official ideological background of all national curriculums. Is such a kind of essentialism and metaphysics plausible in our modern or postmodern times? We examine the Sartre‐Heidegger controversy on humanism and the concept of man in education using Freire's humanism and Gelassenheit education as exemplars.
A Learning-based Neural Network Model for the Detection and Classification of SQL Injection Attacks

Structured﻿Query﻿Language﻿ injection﻿ (SQLi)﻿ attack﻿ is﻿ a﻿ code﻿ injection﻿ technique﻿where﻿hackers﻿ inject﻿SQL﻿commands﻿into﻿a﻿database﻿via﻿a﻿vulnerable﻿web﻿application.﻿Injected﻿SQL﻿commands﻿can﻿ modify﻿the﻿back-end﻿SQL﻿database﻿and﻿thus﻿compromise﻿the﻿security﻿of﻿a﻿web﻿application.﻿In﻿the﻿ previous﻿publications,﻿the﻿author﻿has﻿proposed﻿a﻿Neural﻿Network﻿(NN)-based﻿model﻿for﻿detections﻿ and﻿classifications﻿of﻿ the﻿SQLi﻿attacks.﻿The﻿proposed﻿model﻿was﻿built﻿from﻿three﻿elements:﻿1)﻿a﻿ Uniform﻿Resource﻿Locator﻿(URL)﻿generator,﻿2)﻿a﻿URL﻿classifier,﻿and﻿3)﻿a﻿NN﻿model.﻿The﻿proposed﻿ model﻿was﻿ successful﻿ to:﻿1)﻿detect﻿ each﻿generated﻿URL﻿as﻿either﻿a﻿benign﻿URL﻿or﻿a﻿malicious,﻿ and﻿2)﻿identify﻿the﻿type﻿of﻿SQLi﻿attack﻿for﻿each﻿malicious﻿URL.﻿The﻿published﻿results﻿proved﻿the﻿ effectiveness﻿of﻿the﻿proposal.﻿In﻿this﻿paper,﻿the﻿author﻿re-evaluates﻿the﻿performance﻿of﻿the﻿proposal﻿ through﻿two﻿scenarios﻿using﻿controversial﻿data﻿sets.﻿The﻿results﻿of﻿the﻿experiments﻿are﻿presented﻿in﻿ order﻿to﻿demonstrate﻿the﻿effectiveness﻿of﻿the﻿proposed﻿model﻿in﻿terms﻿of﻿accuracy,﻿true-positive﻿rate﻿ as﻿well﻿as﻿false-positive﻿rate. KeyWoRDS Artificial Intelligence, Databases, Intrusion Detection, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, SQL Injection Attacks, Web Attacks
A Statistical Nonparametric Approach of Face Recognition: Combination of Eigenface & Modified k-Means Clustering

Keywords: Eigenface, face Recognition, k-means clustering, principle component analysis (PCA)
Is albumin administration in the acutely ill associated with increased mortality? Results of the SOAP study

INTRODUCTION
Albumin administration in the critically ill has been the subject of some controversy. We investigated the use of albumin solutions in European intensive care units (ICUs) and its relationship to outcome.


METHODS
In a cohort, multicenter, observational study, all patients admitted to one of the participating ICUs between 1 May and 15 May 2002 were followed up until death, hospital discharge, or for 60 days. Patients were classified according to whether or not they received albumin at any time during their ICU stay.


RESULTS
Of 3,147 admitted patients, 354 (11.2%) received albumin and 2,793 (88.8%) did not. Patients who received albumin were more likely to have cancer or liver cirrhosis, to be surgical admissions, and to have sepsis. They had a longer length of ICU stay and a higher mortality rate, but were also more severely ill, as manifested by higher simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than the other patients. A Cox proportional hazard model indicated that albumin administration was significantly associated with decreased 30-day survival. Moreover, in 339 pairs matched according to a propensity score, ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in the patients who had received albumin than in those who had not (34.8 versus 20.9% and 41.3 versus 27.7%, respectively, both p < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Albumin administration was associated with decreased survival in this population of acutely ill patients. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the effects of albumin administration in sub-groups of acutely ill patients.
Improved Function and Reduced Pain after Swimming and Cycling Training in Patients with Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE
Arthritis and its associated joint pain act as significant barriers for adults attempting to perform land-based physical activity. Swimming can be an ideal form of exercise for patients with arthritis. Yet there is no information on the efficacy of regular swimming exercise involving patients with arthritis. The effect of a swimming exercise intervention on joint pain, stiffness, and physical function was evaluated in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).


METHODS
Using a randomized study design, 48 sedentary middle-aged and older adults with OA underwent 3 months of either swimming or cycling exercise training. Supervised exercise training was performed for 45 min/day, 3 days/week at 60-70% heart rate reserve for 12 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index was used to measure joint pain, stiffness, and physical limitation.


RESULTS
After the exercise interventions, there were significant reductions in joint pain, stiffness, and physical limitation accompanied by increases in quality of life in both groups (all p < 0.05). Functional capacity as assessed by maximal handgrip strength, isokinetic knee extension and flexion power (15-30% increases), and the distance covered in the 6-min walk test increased (all p < 0.05) in both exercise groups. No differences were observed in the magnitude of improvements between swimming and cycling training.


CONCLUSION
Regular swimming exercise reduced joint pain and stiffness associated with OA and improved muscle strength and functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults with OA. Additionally, the benefits of swimming exercise were similar to the more frequently prescribed land-based cycling training.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov NCT01836380.