LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Gender Stereotypes in the Family Context: Mothers, Fathers, and Siblings

Gender stereotypes of children and their parents were examined. Participants included 355 three-year-old children, their one-year-old siblings, and their mothers and fathers. Families were selected from the Western region of the Netherlands. Implicit gender stereotypes were assessed with computerized versions of the Action Inference Paradigm (AIP; both child and parents) and the Implicit Association Test (parent only). Parental explicit gender stereotypes were measured with the Child Rearing Sex-Role Attitude Scale. Findings revealed that mothers had stronger implicit gender stereotypes than fathers, whereas fathers had stronger explicit stereotypes than mothers. Fathers with same-gender children had stronger implicit gender stereotypes about adults than parents with mixed-gender children. For the children, girls’ implicit gender stereotypes were significantly predicted by their mother’s implicit gender stereotypes about children. This association could only be observed when the AIP was used to assess the stereotypes of both parent and child. A family systems model is applicable to the study of gender stereotypes.
An area-efficient static CMOS carry-select adder based on a compact carry look-ahead unit

This paper presents a highly area-efficient CMOS carry-select adder (CSA) with a regular and iterative-shared transistor structure very suitable for implementation in VLSI. This adder is based on both a static and compact multi-output carry look-ahead (CLA) circuit and a very simple select circuit. Comparisons with other representative 32-bit CSAs show that the proposed adder reduces the area by between 25 and 16%, the number of transistors by between 43 and 30%, and the dynamic power supply between 35 and 16%, while maintaining a high speed. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Water ingestion during water recreation.

Quantitative risk assessments have estimated health risks of water recreation. One input to risk assessment models is the rate of water ingestion. One published study estimated rates of water ingestion during swimming, but estimates of water ingestion are not available for common limited contact water recreation activities such as canoeing, fishing, kayaking, motor boating, and rowing. In the summer of 2009 two related studies were conducted to estimate water ingestion during these activities. First, at Chicago area surface waters, survey research methods were utilized to characterize self-reported estimates of water ingestion during canoeing, kayaking, and fishing among 2705 people. Second, at outdoor swimming pools, survey research methods and the analysis of cyanuric acid, a tracer of swimming pool water, were used to characterize water ingestion among 662 people who engaged in a variety of full-contact and limited-contact recreational activities. Data from the swimming study was used to derive translation factors that quantify the volume of self-reported estimates. At surface waters, less than 2% of canoers and kayakers reported swallowing a teaspoon or more and 0.5% reported swallowing a mouthful or more. Swimmers in a pool were about 25-50 times more likely to report swallowing a teaspoon of water compared to those who participate in limited-contact recreational activities on surface waters. Mean and upper confidence estimates of water ingestion during limited-contact recreation on surface waters are about 3-4 mL and 10-15 mL, respectively. These estimates of water ingestion rates may be useful in modeling the health risks of water recreation.
Workforce Management in Periodic Delivery Operations

Service quality and driver efficiency in the delivery industry may be enhanced by increasing the regularity with which a driver visits the same set of customers. However, effectively managing a workforce of drivers may increase travel distance, a traditional metric of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). This paper evaluates the effect that workforce management has on routing costs, providing insight for managerial decision making. The analysis is presented in the context of the period vehicle routing problem (PVRP), an extension of the VRP with vehicle routes constructed to service customers according to preset visit frequencies over an established period of time. We develop models to apply workforce management principles. We show that multi-objective PVRP models can achieve a balance between workforce management and travel distance goals, through a computational study with standard PVRP test cases and real-world delivery data. With the proper parameters in place, workforce management principles may be successfully applied without sacrificing other operational objectives.
The particle swarm optimization algorithm: convergence analysis and parameter selection

The particle swarm optimization algorithm is analyzed using standard results from the dynamic system theory. Graphical parameter selection guidelines are derived. The exploration–exploitation tradeoff is discussed and illustrated. Examples of performance on benchmark functions superior to previously published results are given.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Role of Terrain Preview in Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Energy-management strategy plays a critical role in high fuel economy that modern hybrid electric vehicles can achieve, yet a lack of information about future driving conditions is one of the limitations of fulfilling the maximum fuel economy potential of hybrid vehicles. Today, with wider deployment of vehicle telematic technologies, prediction of future driving conditions, e.g., road grade, is becoming more realistic. This paper evaluates the potential gain in fuel economy if road grade information is integrated into the energy management of hybrid vehicles. Real-world road geometry information is utilized in power-management decisions by using both dynamic programming (DP) and a standard equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). At the same time, two baseline control strategies with no future information are developed and validated for comparison purposes. Simulation results show that road terrain preview enables fuel savings. The level of improvement depends on the cruising speed, control strategy, road profile, and the size of the battery.
NFC Devices: Security and Privacy

The aim of this paper is to show security measures for NFC (Near Field Communication) use cases and devices. We give a brief overview over NFC technology and evaluate the implementation of NFC in devices. Out of this technology review we derive different use cases and applications based on NFC technology. Based on the use cases we show assets and interfaces of an NFC device that could be a possible target of an attacker. In the following we apply different attacks against the operation modes to show how applications and devices could be protected against such attacks. The information collected is consolidated in a set of threats giving guidelines on how to improve security and overcome privacy issues. This allows integrating NFC technology in a secure way for the end consumer.
DSP-based hierarchical neural network modulation signal classification

This paper discusses a real-time digital signal processor (DSP)-based hierarchical neural network classifier capable of classifying both analog and digital modulation signals. A high-performance DSP processor, namely the TMS320C6701, is utilized to implement different kinds of classifiers including a hierarchical neural network classifier. A total of 31 statistical signal features are extracted and used to classify 11 modulation signals plus white noise. The modulation signals include CW, AM, FM, SSB, FSK2, FSK4, PSK2, PSK4, OOK, QAM16, and QAM32. A classification hierarchy is introduced and the genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the most effective set of features at each level of the hierarchy. The classification results and the number of operations on the DSP processor indicate the effectiveness of the introduced hierarchical neural network classifier in terms of both classification rate and processing time.
Effect of fenugreek seeds on glycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health | 2015 | Vol 4 | Issue 7 997 International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health Online 2015. © 2015 Arunima Datta. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. Research Article
End-stage renal disease status and critical illness in the elderly.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Elderly patients (> 65 years old) are a rapidly growing demographic in the ESRD and intensive care unit (ICU) populations, yet the effect of ESRD status on critical illness in elderly patients remains unknown. Reliable estimates of prognosis would help to inform care and management of this frail and vulnerable population.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
The effect of ESRD status on survival and readmission rates was examined in a retrospective cohort of 14,650 elderly patients (>65 years old) admitted to 11 ICUs in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada between 2000 and 2006. Logistic regression models were used to adjust odds of mortality and readmission to ICU for baseline case mix and illness severity.


RESULTS
Elderly ESRD patients had twofold higher crude in-hospital mortality (22% versus 13%, P < 0.0001) and readmission rate (6.4 versus 2.7%, P = 0.001). After adjustment for illness severity alone or illness severity and case mix, the odds ratio for mortality decreased to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.57 to 1.25) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.23), respectively. In contrast, ESRD status remained significantly associated with readmission to ICU after adjustment for other risk factors (OR 2.06 [95% CI: 1.32, 3.22]).


CONCLUSIONS
Illness severity on admission, rather than ESRD status per se, appears to be the main driver of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients. However, ESRD status is an independent risk factor for early and late readmission, suggesting that this population might benefit from alternative strategies for ICU discharge.
Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in sport-related concussion: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND/AIM
Concussion is a common injury in sport. Most individuals recover in 7-10 days but some have persistent symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of vestibular rehabilitation and cervical spine physiotherapy decreased the time until medical clearance in individuals with prolonged postconcussion symptoms.


METHODS
This study was a randomised controlled trial. Consecutive patients with persistent symptoms of dizziness, neck pain and/or headaches following a sport-related concussion (12-30 years, 18 male and 13 female) were randomised to the control or intervention group. Both groups received weekly sessions with a physiotherapist for 8 weeks or until the time of medical clearance. Both groups received postural education, range of motion exercises and cognitive and physical rest until asymptomatic followed by a protocol of graded exertion. The intervention group also received cervical spine and vestibular rehabilitation. The primary outcome of interest was medical clearance to return to sport, which was evaluated by a study sport medicine physician who was blinded to the treatment group.


RESULTS
In the treatment group, 73% (11/15) of the participants were medically cleared within 8 weeks of initiation of treatment, compared with 7% (1/14) in the control group. Using an intention to treat analysis, individuals in the treatment group were 3.91 (95% CI 1.34 to 11.34) times more likely to be medically cleared by 8 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
A combination of cervical and vestibular physiotherapy decreased time to medical clearance to return to sport in youth and young adults with persistent symptoms of dizziness, neck pain and/or headaches following a sport-related concussion.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT01860755.
Comparison of whole-body 18F-FDG PET, 99mTc-MIBI SPET, and post-therapeutic 131I-Na scintigraphy in the detection of metastatic thyroid cancer

The usefulness of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been demonstrated by many investigators, but in only a small number of studies have FDG-PET images been compared with those obtained using other non-iodine tumour-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. In most of the studies, planar imaging was performed for comparison using thallium-201 chloride or technetium-99m 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI). Furthermore, FDG-PET studies were not always performed in the hypothyroid state with increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which are known to increase FDG uptake by DTC. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of FDG-PET to detect metastatic DTC with that of 99mTc-MIBI whole-body single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and post-therapeutic iodine-131 scintigraphy, evaluated under TSH stimulation. Nineteen patients (8 men, 11 women; age range, 38–72 years, mean 60 years; 17 thyroidectomised and 2 inoperable patients following 131I ablation of the remaining thyroid tissue; 16 papillary and 3 follicular carcinomas) with metastatic DTC underwent FDG-PET whole-body scan (WBS) and 99mTc-MIBI SPET WBS at an interval of less than 1 week, followed by 131I therapy. The SPET images were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (ML-EM) method. All patients were hypothyroid at the time of each scan. 131I WBS was performed 3–5 days after oral administration of the therapeutic dose. A total of 32 lesions [10 lymph node (LN), 15 lung, 6 bone, 1 muscle] were diagnosed as metastases, as confirmed by histopathology and/or other imaging modalities (X-ray, US, CT, MRI, bone, 201Tl and 131I scans). FDG-PET, 99mTc-MIBI SPET and post-therapeutic 131I scintigraphy respectively revealed a total of 26 (81.3%), 20 (62.5%) and 22 (68.8%) lesions. These techniques respectively demonstrated nine (90.0%), eight (80.0%) and six (60.0%) LN metastases, and eleven (73.3%), seven (46.7%) and ten (66.7%) lung metastases. They each demonstrated five of the six bone metastases (83.3%). FDG-PET and 99mTc-MIBI SPET were positive in 17 (78.3%) and 14 (63.6%) of the 22 131I-positive lesions, respectively, and also in nine (90.0%) and six (60.0%) of the ten 131I-negative lesions, respectively. Three of the five 131I-positive and FDG-PET-negative lesions were miliary type lung metastases with a maximal nodular diameter of less than 10 mm. Comparison of FDG-PET with 99mTc-MIBI SPET revealed concordant results in 24 lesions, and discordant results in eight lesions (seven with positive FDG-PET alone and one with positive 99mTc-MIBI SPET alone). In conclusion: (a) even using whole-body SPET, FDG PET is superior to 99mTc-MIBI in terms of ability to detect metastases of DTC; (b) the higher sensitivity of FDG-PET compared with the previous studies could partly be due to increased serum TSH.
N-acetylcysteine fails to prevent renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after noniodine contrast media administration during percutaneous coronary interventions.

INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress is believed to have a role in contrast-induced nephropathy. Based on this assumption, several known antioxidants have been studied to assess their effect on nephropathy, especially N-acetylcysteine (NAC). However, its usefulness has yet to be confirmed.


OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess whether NAC has any protective effect on contrast-induced renal dysfunction, and whether NAC affects the parameters of oxidative stress in serum and urine.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty patients with coronary artery disease, who presented for an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), were randomized into 2 groups in an age- and gender-matched fashion: one group received 600 mg intravenous NAC and the other did not. Before and 24 hours after the procedure, blood and urine samples were obtained to assess total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and renal function.


RESULTS
Twenty-four hours after PCI, TOC and OSI levels were significantly increased and TAC levels significantly decreased, both in serum and urine. However, we did not observe any differences in oxidative parameters between patients who received NAC and those who did not. Multivariate analyses identified no protective effect of NAC on renal function, and no effect on oxidative parameters in either serum or urine.


CONCLUSIONS
In this first clinical study that determined TOC and TAC levels in both serum and urine after exposure to contrast media, NAC was not found to affect oxidant parameters or protect against contrast nephropathy, at least in patients without the risk factors for nephropathy, such as diabetes mellitus or baseline renal or cardiac dysfunction.
Sequential flow injection spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate in various samples

A direct spectrophotometric method has been developed for the sequential determination of nitrite and nitrate by flow injection analysis (FIA). The method is based on the reaction of nitrite with safranine O to form a diazonium salt which caused the reddish-orange dye colour of the solution to be changed to blue in acidic media, and which absorbs at 520 nm. The injected sample in the flow injection system is split in two streams. One of the streams is transported through a reductor microcolumn containing copperised cadmium, where nitrate is reduced to nitrite. The two streams are then mixed and treated with the appropriate reagents. The influence of reagent concentrations and manifold parameters was studied. The effect of potentially interfering ion was examined and procedures for elimination of interfering cations are proposed. Nitrite and nitrate can be determined in the range 0.0001–3.00 and 0.005–3.40 g ml−1, respectively, with a sampling rate of 20 ± 3 h−1. Detection limits (3σ ) of 0.5 and 3 ng ml−1 were obtained for nitrite and nitrate, respectively. Nitrite and nitrate were determined in food samples by the proposed method with satisfactory results. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
MCMAS: A Model Checker for the Verification of Multi-Agent Systems

While temporal logic in its various forms has proven essenti al to reason about reactive systems, agent-based scenarios are typically specified by c onsidering high-level agents attitudes. In particular, specification languages based on epistemic logic [7], or logics for knowledge, have proven useful in a variety of areas inclu ding robotics, security protocols, web-services, etc. For example, security speci fications involving anonymity [4] are known to be naturally expressible in epistemic forma lisms as they explicitly state the lack of different kinds of knowledge of the principals. More generally, various extensions of temporal logic have b e n studied in agents and AI contexts to represent properties of autonomous syste ms. In addition to epistemic operators, at the very core of these approaches is the import ance of deontic modalities expressing norms and compliance/violation with respect to previously agreed commitments, and ATL-like modalities expressing cooperation amo ng agents. While these languages have been long explored and appropria te semantics developed, until recently there has been a remarkable gap in the av ailability of efficient symbolic model checking toolkits supporting these. In this pap er we describe MCMAS, a symbolic model checker specifically tailored to agent-bas ed specifications and scenarios. MCMAS [12] supports specifications based on CTL, epi st mic logic (including operators of common and distributed knowledge) [7], Alt ernating Time Logic [2], and deontic modalities for correctness [16]. The release de cribed in this abstract is a complete rebuild of a preliminary experimental checker [1 4]. The model input language includes variables and basic types and it implements t he semantics of interpreted systems, thereby naturally supporting the modularity pres ent in agent-based systems. MCMAS implements OBDD-based algorithms optimised for inte rpr ted systems and supports fairness, counter-example generation, and inter active execution (both in explicit and symbolic mode). MCMAS has been used in a variety of scenarios including web-services, diagnosis, and security. MCMAS is released u nder GNU-GPL.
SLC47A1 gene rs2289669 G>A variants enhance the glucose-lowering effect of metformin via delaying its excretion in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.

AIMS
The SLC47A1 gene encodes the multi-drug and toxic excretion-1(MATE1) protein, which plays a key role in the transport and excretion of metformin. This study is to clarify the influence of variants in SLC47A1 (rs2289669 G→A) on metformin pharmacokinetics and the long-term glucose-lowering effect of metformin.


METHODS
A total of 220 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were recruited, genotyped and divided into three groups by SLC47A1 genotypes (G/G, G/A, A/A). Ten patients in each group were randomly selected for metformin pharmacokinetics. All the participants received metformin oral treatment and were followed for one year.


RESULTS
After one-year follow-up, the decline of HbA1c level was significantly greater in subjects with variant genotype (AA) than other two groups (-2.32% [-25.4 mmol/mol] in AA vs. -1.16% [-12.7 mmol/mol] in GA, -1.07% [-11.7 mmol/mol] in GG, P<0.05). Then taking GG genotype as the referent, the association between AA genotype and change of HbA1c still existed after adjusted for age, sex, BMI, baseline HbA1c and diabetes duration (P<0.05). Pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin indicated that patients carrying MATE1 homozygous A had higher area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC12h), but lower renal clearance (CLR) and renal clearance by secretion (CLSR) than other patients (all P<0.01). Multivariate lineal stepwise analysis further revealed that SLC47A1 genotype was an independent impact factor for urine excretion of metformin (P<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
SLC47A1 rs2289669 G>A variants improve the glucose-lowering effect of metformin through slowing its excretion in type 2 diabetes populations.