LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
An improved algorithm to accelerate regular expression evaluation

Modern network intrusion detection systems need to perform regular expression matching at line rate in order to detect the occurrence of critical patterns in packet payloads. While deterministic finite automata (DFAs) allow this operation to be performed in linear time, they may exhibit prohibitive memory requirements. In [9], Kumar et al. propose Delayed Input DFAs (D2FAs), which provide a trade-off between the memory requirements of the compressed DFA and the number of states visited for each character processed, which corresponds directly to the memory bandwidth required to evaluate regular expressions.
 In this paper we introduce a general compression technique that results in at most 2N state traversals when processing a string of length N. In comparison to the D2FA approach, our technique achieves comparable levels of compression, with lower provable bounds on memory bandwidth (or greater compression for a given bandwidth bound). Moreover, our proposed algorithm has lower complexity, is suitable for scenarios where a compressed DFA needs to be dynamically built or updated, and fosters locality in the traversal process. Finally, we also describe a novel alphabet reduction scheme for DFA-based structures that can yield further dramatic reductions in data structure size.
Disruptive Pedagogies and Technologies in Universities

This paper is a reaction to the increasing high cost of higher education and the resulting inaccessibility for the millions of potential learners now seeking opportunities for quality higher education opportunities. The paper examines the cost centers associated with campus-based and online education systems and then suggests that disaggregation may prove to be a cost-effective way to reduce tuition payments, while maintaining quality. The paper suggests that discount service models, now available to consumers in many industries may also be attractive in new models of higher education. The paper also briefly looks at the Open Educational Resources University initiative, a pilot, collaborative project attempting to test some of these innovations in a consortium of high quality, accredited public universities. Finally, we note both the disruptive characteristics of this model and commiserate opportunities for innovative providers of higher education.
HydroPêche : a way to improve energy efficiency of fishing devices

The project presented here and named HydroPêche aims to develop a tool for an automatic optimisatio n of trawl in order to minimize the drag of the gear. For that purpose, different aspects are studied in order: a/ to extend the basi s of experimental data on flow characteristics governing the hydrodynamic behaviour of different porous structures ; b/ to develop numerical tools to simulate more realistic flow around porous structures taking into account fluid / structure interactions; c/ to develop automatic optimisation tools to design efficient tr awls in terms of energy consumption. The developed tool should provide a substantial gain on the fuel consumed of actual fishing devices while maintainin g a comparable fishing efficiency. The developments mad e will also be extended to study different types of porous structu res used for fishing and aquaculture devices and to better under stand the development of selectivity devices. Initial results have been achieved: some specific data analysis was carried o ut from PIV measurements around a cod-end, FreeFem ++ has been used to simulate the flow around a specific cod-end and the first developments of an automatic optimisation tool give good numerical results in terms of energy efficiency for both bottom
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates left ventricular remodelling after acute anterior STEMI: results of the single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicentre STem cEll Mobilization in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEM-AMI) Trial.

AIMS
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on left ventricular (LV) function and volumes in patients with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and depressed LV ejection fraction (EF).


METHODS AND RESULTS
Sixty consecutive patients with anterior STEMI, undergoing primary angioplasty percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with symptom-to-reperfusion time of 2-12 h and EF ≤45% after PCI, were randomized to G-CSF 5 μg/kg b.i.d. subcutaneously (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25) for 5 days, starting <12 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was an increase from baseline to 6 months of 5% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Co-primary endpoint was a ≥20 mL difference in end-diastolic volume (EDV). Infarct size and perfusion were evaluated with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and gated (99m)Technetium Sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Left ventricular EDV and end-systolic volume (ESV) increased from baseline to 6 months in the placebo group (81.7 ± 24.4 to 94.4 ± 26.0 mL/m(2), P < 0.00005 and 45.2 ± 20.0 to 53.2 ± 23.8 mL/m(2), P = 0.016) but were unchanged in the G-CSF group (82.2 ± 20.3 to 85.7 ± 23.7 mL/m(2), P = 0.40 and 46.0 ± 18.2 to 48.4 ± 20.8 mL/m(2), P = 0.338). There were no significant differences in EF or perfusion between groups. A significant reduction in transmural LGE segments was seen at 6 months in the G-CSF vs. placebo groups (4.38 ± 2.9 to 3.3 ± 2.6, P = 0.04 and 4.2 ± 2.6 to 3.6 ± 2.7, P = 0.301, respectively). Significantly more placebo patients had a change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume abovethe median (9.3 mL/m(2)) when reperfusion time exceeded 180 min (median time-to-reperfusion) (P = 0.0123). Severe adverse events were similar between groups.


CONCLUSION
Early G-CSF administration attenuates ventricular remodelling in patients with anterior STEMI and EF ≤45% after successful PCI.
Soil water content and emergence time control seedling establishment in three co-occurring Mediterranean oak species

Tree species can differ in their responses to resource availability during the critical phase of establishment, which could influence forest dynamics. In Mediterranean forests, most of the attention has focused on the effects of shade and summer drought on seedling survival, but little is known about the effect of autumn to spring rains on earlier stages of recruitment. A sowing experiment was set up along natural light and water gradients with three co-occurring oak species (Quercus suber L. (cork oak), Quercus canariensis Willd. (Algerian oak), and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak)) that show limited natural regeneration in southern Spain. Recruitment stages were monitored for 1 year. Models of seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival as well as of overall recruitment patterns were developed as functions of light, soil moisture, and soil compaction. The influence of intraspecific variation in seed mass and emergence time were also tested. Excess soil water levels during the winter reduced germination and emergence and lengthened time to emergence (in waterlogged open areas), which in turn decreased seedling survival during the dry season. Seedlings from larger seeds were more likely to germinate and emerge. The results suggest that temporal and spatial variability of soil water content, mediated by emergence time and seed size, play a crucial role in the regeneration dynamics of Mediter-
Steward: Scaling Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Replication to Wide Area Networks

This paper presents the first hierarchical byzantine fault-tolerant replication architecture suitable to systems that span multiple wide-area sites. The architecture confines the effects of any malicious replica to its local site, reduces message complexity of wide-area communication, and allows read-only queries to be performed locally within a site for the price of additional standard hardware. We present proofs that our algorithm provides safety and liveness properties. A prototype implementation is evaluated over several network topologies and is compared with a flat byzantine fault-tolerant approach. The experimental results show considerable improvement over flat byzantine replication algorithms, bringing the performance of byzantine replication closer to existing benign fault-tolerant replication techniques over wide area networks.
Bean germplasm evaluation for anthracnose resistance and characterization of agronomic traits: A new physiological strain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infecting Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Spain

Reactions of 12 differential cultivars to 60 isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum confirmed the presence of the gamma race in Asturias (North of Spain). In addition, one new race was identified as delta-mutant. The new binary nomenclature system identify the gamma race as race 38 and the delta-mutant race as race 7. A total of 40 germplasm lines which included 32 CIAT bean accessions and 8local bean varieties were evaluated for anthracnose resistance. Vegetative and reproductive adaptation of bean accessions was studied, as well as characterization for the presence of genes controlling expression of dwarfing. Results obtained reveal that14 bean genotypes showed good general adaptation and uniform resistance to anthracnose. Four bean lines resistant to anthracnose are carriers of DL genes. Resistant sources selected are quite diverse for plant type, seed color and seed size.
Validation of the Abdominal Pain Index using a revised scoring method.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the psychometric properties of child- and parent-report versions of the four-item Abdominal Pain Index (API) in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) and healthy controls, using a revised scoring method that facilitates comparisons of scores across samples and time.


METHODS
Pediatric patients aged 8-18 years with FAP and controls completed the API at baseline (N = 1,967); a subset of their parents (N = 290) completed the API regarding the child's pain. Subsets of patients completed follow-up assessments at 2 weeks (N = 231), 3 months (N = 330), and 6 months (N = 107). Subsets of both patients (N = 389) and healthy controls (N = 172) completed a long-term follow-up assessment (mean age at follow-up = 20.21 years, SD = 3.75).


RESULTS
The API demonstrated good concurrent, discriminant, and construct validity, as well as good internal consistency.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that the API, using the revised scoring method, is a useful, reliable, and valid measure of abdominal pain severity.
Clark and I Somewhere in Connecticut

Beginning with a chance discovery of discarded photo albums, JAMES LONG and his collaborators spin an ever-widening tale of memory, genealogy, legality, and the process of (re)creation. The play devises a reality that links artefact, performer, and audience in a world that, "without … these … albums … would never have existed."
Candidate mechanisms for capecitabine-related hand-foot syndrome.

AIMS
The oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug capecitabine is widely used in oncology. Capecitabine was designed to generate 5FU via the thymidine phosphorylase (TP) enzyme, preferentially expressed in tumoral tissues. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a limiting toxicity of capecitabine. A pilot study on healthy volunteers was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of HFS could be related to tissue-specific expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of the palm and sole. To this end, the expression of TP (activating pathway), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, catabolic pathway) and cell proliferation (Ki67) were measured in the skin of the palm (target tissue for HFS) and of the lower back (control area).


METHODS
Two paired 4-mm diameter punch biopsy specimens (palm and back) were taken in 12 healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on frozen tissues.


RESULTS
Proliferation rate (Ki67 staining) was significantly higher in epidermal basal cells of the palm compared with the back (P = 0.008). Also, TP and DPD expression were significantly greater in the palm relative to the back (P = 0.039 and 0.012, respectively). TP and Ki67 expression were positively and significantly correlated in the palm.


CONCLUSIONS
The high proliferation rate of epidermal basal cells in the palm could make them more sensitive to the local action of cytotoxic drugs. TP-facilitated local production of 5FU in the palm during capecitabine treatment could explain the occurrence of HFS. This observation may support future strategies to limit the occurrence of HFS during capecitabine therapy.
Effect of epinephrine on epidural, intrathecal, and plasma pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in sheep.

BACKGROUND
Local vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine added to epidural local anaesthetics has been shown to improve their quality and duration of action in several clinical reports. There are several assumptions on the mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of epinephrine on transmeningeal uptake of epidurally administered ropivacaine and bupivacaine by measuring local anaesthetic concentrations in the epidural and intrathecal spaces and in plasma.


METHODS
Ropivacaine (50 mg) and bupivacaine (30 mg) were administered epidurally in sheep with and without epinephrine (75 microg). A microdialysis technique was used to simultaneously measure epidural and intrathecal drug concentrations. Resulting dialysate and plasma concentrations were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters for ropivacaine and bupivacaine.


RESULTS
Co-administration of epinephrine decreased epidural clearance for ropivacaine [0.6 (sd 0.1) vs 0.4 (0.1) ml min(-1)] but not significantly for bupivacaine [1.2 (0.4) vs 0.8 (0.3) ml min(-1)]. The resultant increase in epidural area under the concentration-time curves (31% for ropivacaine and 52% for bupivacaine) was also observed in the intrathecal space (21% increase for ropivacaine and 37% for bupivacaine). There was no significant influence of epinephrine on ropivacaine plasma pharmacokinetics. Plasma Cmax for bupivacaine was decreased.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that epinephrine decreases the clearance and distribution processes involved in epidural disposition of ropivacaine and bupivacaine, leading to an increased uptake into the intrathecal space with an apparent more pronounced effect for bupivacaine.
Sequencing and scheduling : algorithms and complexity

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Why is sexual abuse declining ? A survey of state child protection administrators *

Objectives: Cases of substantiated sexual abuse have declined approximately 39% nationwide from 1992 to 1999, according to estimates from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). Despite the dramatic nature of the decline, little discussion of the trend has occurred at either the national or the state level. Aims of the research were to: (1) gather state-level information about possible sources of the sexual abuse deciine, (2) identify child protection trends that might be contributing to the decline, and (3) assess the level of awareness of the decline in state child protection offices. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with child protection administrators in 43 states. Results: More than half of the officials in states with large declines were unaware of any discussion of the declines within their agency or in the public at large within their state. State officials cited a diverse array of possible causes for the decline, including: ( I ) increased evidentiary requirements to substantiate cases. (2) increased caseworker caution due to new legal rights for caregivers, and (3) increasing limitations on the lypes of cases that agencies accept for investigation. More than half also mentioned the effectiveness of prevention programs, increased prosecution, and public awareness campaigns: implying that a portion of the decline may result from a real decline in occurrence. *This project was supported by a grant from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (#98-JN-FX-0012). * Corresponding author. 0145-2134/01/$ see front matter O 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Pa: SOl45-2134(OI )00263-
Kangaroo Care (skin contact) reduces crying response to pain in preterm neonates: pilot results.

Crying commonly occurs in response to heel stick and adversely affects the infant's physiologic stability. Minimal crying in response to pain is desired. "Kangaroo Care," skin contact between mother and infant, reduces pain and may reduce crying in response to pain. The purpose of this pilot study was to test Kangaroo Care's effect on the preterm infant's audible and inaudible crying response to heel stick. Inaudible crying has not been previously studied. A prospective randomized cross-over study with 10 preterm infants 2-9 days old (30-32 weeks' postmenstrual age) was conducted. Infants were randomly assigned to two sequences (sequence A: day 1 heel stick in Kangaroo Care [after 30 min of prone skin contact upright between maternal breasts] and day 2 heel stick in incubator [inclined, nested and prone]; or sequence B: opposite of sequence A) was conducted. Videotapes of baseline, heel warming, heel stick, and recovery phases were scored for audible and inaudible crying times. Audible and inaudible crying times for each subject in each phase were summed and analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Subject characteristics did not differ between those in the two sequences. Crying time differed between the study phases on both days (p <or= .001). When in Kangaroo Care compared with the incubator, crying time was less during the heel stick (p = .001) and recovery (p = .01) phases, regardless of sequence. Because Kangaroo Care reduced crying in response to heel stick in medically stable preterm infants, a definitive study is merited before making recommendations.
Predictive risk stratification model: a progressive cluster-randomised trial in chronic conditions management (PRISMATIC) research protocol

BACKGROUND
An ageing population increases demand on health and social care. New approaches are needed to shift care from hospital to community and general practice. A predictive risk stratification tool (Prism) has been developed for general practice that estimates risk of an emergency hospital admission in the following year. We present a protocol for the evaluation of Prism.


METHODS/DESIGN
We will undertake a mixed methods progressive cluster-randomised trial. Practices begin as controls, delivering usual care without Prism. Practices will receive Prism and training randomly, and thereafter be able to use Prism with clinical and technical support. We will compare costs, processes of care, satisfaction and patient outcomes at baseline, 6 and 18 months, using routine data and postal questionnaires. We will assess technical performance by comparing predicted against actual emergency admissions. Focus groups and interviews will be undertaken to understand how Prism is perceived and adopted by practitioners and policy makers. We will model data using generalised linear models and survival analysis techniques to determine whether any differences exist between intervention and control groups. We will take account of covariates and explanatory factors. In the economic evaluation we will carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis to examine incremental cost per emergency admission to hospital avoided and will examine costs versus changes in primary and secondary outcomes in a cost-consequence analysis. We will also examine changes in quality of life of patients across the risk spectrum. We will record and transcribe focus groups and interviews and analyse them thematically. We have received full ethical and R and D approvals for the study and Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) permission for the use of routine data. We will comply with the CONSORT guidelines and will disseminate the findings at national and international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.


DISCUSSION
The proposed study will provide information on costs and effects of Prism; how it is used in practice, barriers and facilitators to its implementation; and its perceived value in supporting the management of patients with and at risk of developing chronic conditions.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Controlled Clinical Trials ISRCTN no. ISRCTN55538212.
Recasting information literacy as socio-cultural practice: implications for library and information science researchers

Introduction. Research into how information literacy is experienced in the workplace has led to a reconceptualization of the phenomenon as a complex sociocultural and corporeal process that is constituted through a range of information modalities. Method. The research reported is situated within a qualitative framework and employs a constructivist influenced grounded theory approach. Two studies were conductedone of firefighters, conducted in 2005, and the second, of ambulance officers, completed in 2007. In both studies, two phases of in-depth interviews were conducted and practitioners were observed in daily practice. Analysis. Common themes and perspectives have emerged revealing the similarities of experience and use of information in learning to become a worker. In preparatory training, novice workers engage with epistemic sites of knowledge in the processes of learning to act as practitioner. An outcome of this engagement is the development of a workplace identity. It is not until they experience the realities of the workplace that novices begin the transition of learning to become a practitioner. This transition is afforded through the mediation of the community of practice and is centralized around the introduction of context-dependent social and corporeal sites. This change results in a transition from subjective workplace identity to an intersubjective workplace identity as novices learn to become practitioners. Results. The results of this research suggest information literacy is more than just a textual practice. It is a complex sociocultural and embodied process that is constituted through the whole body experiencing information in context. Conclusions. Understanding information literacy as a catalyst for learning necessitates a move away from exploring textual practices towards incorporating an understanding of the sociocultural and corporeal practices that are involved in coming to know an information environment.
On the Simple Economics of Advertising , Marketing , and Product Design By

We propose a framework for analyzing transformations of demand. Such transformations frequently stem from changes in the dispersion of consumers’ valuations, which lead to rotations of the demand curve. In many settings, profits are a U-shaped function of dispersion. High dispersion is complemented by niche production, and low dispersion is complemented by mass-market supply. We investigate numerous applications, including product design; advertising, marketing and sales advice; and the construction of quality-differentiated product lines. We also suggest a new taxonomy of advertising, distinguishing between hype, which shifts demand, and real information, which rotates demand. (JEL D8, L1, M3).