LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults.

CONTEXT
In addition to trauma exposure, other factors contribute to risk for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Both genetic and environmental factors are contributory, with child abuse providing significant risk liability.


OBJECTIVE
To increase understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors as well as their interaction in the development of PTSD by gene x environment interactions of child abuse, level of non-child abuse trauma exposure, and genetic polymorphisms at the stress-related gene FKBP5.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A cross-sectional study examining genetic and psychological risk factors in 900 nonpsychiatric clinic patients (762 included for all genotype studies) with significant levels of childhood abuse as well as non-child abuse trauma using a verbally presented survey combined with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Participants were primarily urban, low-income, black (>95%) men and women seeking care in the general medical care and obstetrics-gynecology clinics of an urban public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, between 2005 and 2007.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Severity of adult PTSD symptomatology, measured with the modified PTSD Symptom Scale, non-child abuse (primarily adult) trauma exposure and child abuse measured using the traumatic events inventory and 8 SNPs spanning the FKBP5 locus.


RESULTS
Level of child abuse and non-child abuse trauma each separately predicted level of adult PTSD symptomatology (mean [SD], PTSD Symptom Scale for no child abuse, 8.03 [10.48] vs > or =2 types of abuse, 20.93 [14.32]; and for no non-child abuse trauma, 3.58 [6.27] vs > or =4 types, 16.74 [12.90]; P < .001). Although FKBP5 SNPs did not directly predict PTSD symptom outcome or interact with level of non-child abuse trauma to predict PTSD symptom severity, 4 SNPs in the FKBP5 locus significantly interacted (rs9296158, rs3800373, rs1360780, and rs9470080; minimum P = .0004) with the severity of child abuse to predict level of adult PTSD symptoms after correcting for multiple testing. This gene x environment interaction remained significant when controlling for depression severity scores, age, sex, levels of non-child abuse trauma exposure, and genetic ancestry. This genetic interaction was also paralleled by FKBP5 genotype-dependent and PTSD-dependent effects on glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, measured by the dexamethasone suppression test.


CONCLUSIONS
Four SNPs of the FKBP5 gene interacted with severity of child abuse as a predictor of adult PTSD symptoms. There were no main effects of the SNPs on PTSD symptoms and no significant genetic interactions with level of non-child abuse trauma as predictor of adult PTSD symptoms, suggesting a potential gene-childhood environment interaction for adult PTSD.
A Survey on the Preprocessing Techniques of Mammogram for the Detection of Breast Cancer

The aim of this paper is to review existing approaches of preprocessing in mammographic images. The objective of preprocessing is to improve the quality of the image and make it ready for further processing by removing the irrelevant noise and unwanted parts in the background of the mammogram. There are different of methods of preprocessing a mammogram image. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Modifiable antenatal risk factors for stillbirth amongst pregnant women in the Omusati region, Namibia

BACKGROUND
Reduction of stillbirth rates is important because of the social and economic implications. Access to quality antenatal care is important in preventing the risk factors associated with stillbirth.


AIM
To determine the prevalence of modifiable antenatal risk factors associated with stillbirth so as to determine possible gaps in their prevention.


SETTING
The study was conducted at four district hospitals in the Omusati Region of Namibia.


METHODS
A descriptive study using recorded antenatal data was used. Data were collected from the records of 82 women at the time that they had a stillbirth, during the period October 2013 to December 2014. Data were collected for modifiable risk factors related to maternal characteristics, antenatal care received, medical conditions and obstetric complications.


RESULTS
The average prevalence of each category of risk factors was as follows: quality of antenatal care (19.8%), maternal characteristics (11.4%), medical conditions (8.9%) and obstetric complications (6.5%). The most prevalent individual risk factors included: no folate supplementation (30.5%), HIV infection (25.6%), late booking (16.7%), intrauterine foetal growth retardation (13.4%) and alcohol use (12.5%).


CONCLUSION
Amongst the 14 modifiable risk factor included in the present study, 11 (78.6%) were prevalent amongst women who had a stillbirth. Risk factors associated with quality of antenatal care were the most prevalent. Whilst further investigation is needed to determine the causes behind this prevalence, health education on the availability and benefits of antenatal care, pregnancy timing and spacing may contribute to reducing the prevalence of these risk factors.
Cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel improves long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND
Cilostazol has been widely used to prevent peripheral vascular events, and its antiplatelet mechanisms may different from aspirin and clopidogrel. We hypothesized that cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel effectively reduces systemic ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in high-risk patients.


METHODS
In this prospective study, 1,212 patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomly assigned to receive either standard dual-antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel (n = 608) or triple-antiplatelet therapy with the addition of a 6-month course of cilostazol (n = 604) after successful PCI. The primary end point was a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 1 year after randomization. The secondary end points were TVR and hemorrhagic events.


RESULTS
Triple-antiplatelet treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of the primary end points (10.3% vs 15.1%; P = .011). The need for TVR was similar between patients who received triple- and dual-antiplatelet treatment (7.9% vs 10.7%; P = .10). Multivariate analysis showed that female patients and clinically or angiographically high-risk patients benefited more from the triple-antiplatelet treatment. There were no significant differences between the 2 regimens in terms of the risks for major and minor bleeding.


CONCLUSIONS
For patients with acute coronary syndromes, triple-antiplatelet therapy consisting of cilostazol, aspirin, and clopidogrel reduced long-term cardiac and cerebral events after PCI, especially for patients with high-risk profiles.
Klinefelter syndrome in clinical practice

Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex-chromosome disorder; it affects approximately one in every 660 men. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of one or more extra X chromosomes, and the karyotype 47,XXY is the most prevalent type. The 'prototypic' man with Klinefelter syndrome has traditionally been described as tall, with narrow shoulders, broad hips, sparse body hair, gynecomastia, small testicles, androgen deficiency, azoospermia and decreased verbal intelligence. A less distinct phenotype has, however, been described. Klinefelter syndrome is an underdiagnosed condition; only 25% of the expected number of patients are diagnosed, and of these only a minority are diagnosed before puberty. Patients with Klinefelter syndrome should be treated with lifelong testosterone supplementation that begins at puberty, to secure proper masculine development of sexual characteristics, muscle bulk and bone structure, and to prevent the long-term deleterious consequences of hypogonadism; however, the optimal testosterone regimen for patients with Klinefelter syndrome remains to be established.
The JML and JUnit Way of Unit Testing and its Implementation

Writing unit test code is labor-intensive, hence it is often not done as an integral part of programming. However, unit testing is a practical approach to increasing the correctness and quality of software; for example, Extreme Programming relies on frequent unit testing. In this paper we present a new approach that makes writing unit tests easier. It uses a formal specification language’s runtime assertion checker to decide whether methods are working correctly; thus code to decide whether tests pass or fail is automatically produced from specifications. Our tool combines this testing code with hand-written test data to execute tests. Therefore, instead of writing testing code, the programmer writes formal specifications (e.g., preand postconditions). This makes the programmer’s task easier, because specifications are more concise and abstract than the equivalent test code, and hence more readable and maintainable. Furthermore, by using specifications in testing, specification errors are quickly discovered, so the specifications are more likely to provide useful documentation and inputs to other tools. In this paper we describe an implementation using the Java Modeling Language (JML) and the JUnit testing framework, but the approach could be easily implemented with other combinations of formal specification languages and unit testing tools.
Correlation between cervical lordosis and adjacent segment pathology after anterior cervical spinal surgery

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for adjacent segment pathology (ASP) after anterior cervical spinal surgery. Fourteen patients (12 male, mean age 47.1 years) who underwent single-level cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA group) and 28 case-matched patients (24 male, mean age 53.6 years) who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF group) were included. Presence of radiologic ASP (RASP) was based on observed changes in anterior osteophytes, disks, and calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament on lateral radiographs. The mean follow-up period was 43.4 months in the CDA group and 44.6 months in the ACDF group. At final follow-up, ASP was observed in 5 (35.7 %) CDA patients and 16 (57.1 %) ACDF patients (p = 0.272). The interval between surgery and ASP development was 33.8 months in the CDA group and 16.3 months in the ACDF group (p = 0.046). The ASP risk factor analysis indicated postoperative cervical angle at C3–7 being more lordotic in non-ASP patients in both groups. Restoration of lordosis occurred in the CDA group regardless of the presence of ASP, but heterotopic ossification development was associated with the presence of ASP in the CDA group. And the CDA group had significantly greater clinical improvements than those in the ACDF group when ASP was present. In both CDA and ACDF patients, RASP developed, but CDA was associated with a delay in ASP development. A good clinical outcome was expected in CDA group, even when ASP developed. Restoration of cervical lordosis was an important factor in anterior cervical spine surgery.
Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND
Information on scorpion stings is available for many parts of Saudi Arabia, but not for Al-Jouf Province.


METHODS
We reviewed and analyzed 1449 cases of scorpion stings that presented to the emergency department of the hospitals and medical centers in Al-Jouf Province during a 2-year period (2005-2006).


RESULTS
The majority of patients (92.7%) manifested class I envenomation with local pain at the sting site as the primary complaint. Systemic toxicity was noticed in 7.3% of cases but no deaths were reported. Scorpion stings were recorded throughout the year with the highest seasonal incidence in the summer (64.3%) and the lowest during the winter (10.6%). The highest monthly incidence was in June (21.5%) and the lowest in December (1.5%). Most of the patients were male (77.3%) and the age of 44.2% of victims ranged between 15 to 30 years. Diurnal stings exceeded the nocturnal ones with a ratio of 3:2, and most of the stings were located mainly on the exposed limbs (88.6%), especially the lower limbs (51.7%). Leiurus quinquestriatus and Androctonus crassicauda were incriminated in most recorded cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that scorpion stings are common in Al-Jouf Province, especially during the summer. The overall threat to human health was found to be low.
Data warehousing and analytics infrastructure at facebook

Scalable analysis on large data sets has been core to the functions of a number of teams at Facebook - both engineering and non-engineering. Apart from ad hoc analysis of data and creation of business intelligence dashboards by analysts across the company, a number of Facebook's site features are also based on analyzing large data sets. These features range from simple reporting applications like Insights for the Facebook Advertisers, to more advanced kinds such as friend recommendations. In order to support this diversity of use cases on the ever increasing amount of data, a flexible infrastructure that scales up in a cost effective manner, is critical. We have leveraged, authored and contributed to a number of open source technologies in order to address these requirements at Facebook. These include Scribe, Hadoop and Hive which together form the cornerstones of the log collection, storage and analytics infrastructure at Facebook. In this paper we will present how these systems have come together and enabled us to implement a data warehouse that stores more than 15PB of data (2.5PB after compression) and loads more than 60TB of new data (10TB after compression) every day. We discuss the motivations behind our design choices, the capabilities of this solution, the challenges that we face in day today operations and future capabilities and improvements that we are working on.
Opinion Fraud Detection via Neural Autoencoder Decision Forest

Online reviews play an important role in influencing buyers’ daily purchase decisions. However, fake and meaningless reviews, which cannot reflect users’ genuine purchase experience and opinions, widely exist on the Web and pose great challenges for users to make right choices. Therefore, it is desirable to build a fair model that evaluates the quality of products by distinguishing spamming reviews. We present an end-to-end trainable unified model to leverage the appealing properties from Autoencoder and random forest. A stochastic decision tree model is implemented to guide the global parameter learning process. Extensive experiments were conducted on a large Amazon review dataset. The proposed model consistently outperforms a series of compared methods. c © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Containerization and the PaaS Cloud

Containerization is widely discussed as a lightweight virtualization solution. Apart from exhibiting benefits over traditional virtual machines in the cloud, containers are especially relevant for platform-as-a-service (PaaS) clouds to manage and orchestrate applications through containers as an application packaging mechanism. This article discusses the requirements that arise from having to facilitate applications through distributed multicloud platforms.
Lambda Dependency-Based Compositional Semantics

This short note presents a new formal language, lambda dependency-based compositional semantics (lambda DCS) for representing logical forms in semantic parsing. By eliminating variables and making existential quantification implicit, lambda DCS logical forms are generally more compact than those in lambda calculus.
PR 03 Growing Growth Curves U sing PROC MIXED and PROC NLMIXED

Being able to describe growth appropriately and succinctly is important in many contexts, including biology, epidemiology and statistics. Various approaches are used varying from differential equations, deterministic modeling and statistical approaches like regression. Often, with epidemiologic data we want to model growth in the context of demographic variables and other potential mediators. However, growth is non-linear, so the addition of covariates may be problematic. Additionally, measurements may be unevenly spaced and there may even be missing data so some form of modeling that will deal with this is needed. We investigate growth models implemented in SAS/STAT® using anthropometric data (height, weight, and body mass index,) from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP). This program was an eight-site randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of early intervention to enhance the cognitive, behavioral, and health status of low birth weight, premature infants. These infants are not expected to grow in the same way as normal birth weight infants. Thus, we characterize their growth by gender subgroups in a similar way to the CDC growth curves. We use the control group (n=608) to model the growth pattern. This group received pediatric follow up and referral services only.
Temporal evolution of event-related desynchronization in acute stroke: A pilot study

OBJECTIVE
Assessment of event-related desynchronization (ERD) may assist in predicting recovery from stroke and rehabilitation, for instance in BCI applications. Here, we explore the temporal evolution of ERD during stroke recovery.


METHODS
Ten stroke patients and eleven healthy controls were recruited to participate in a hand movement task while EEG was being recorded. Four measurements were conducted in eight patients within four months. We quantified changes of ERD using a modulation strength measure, S(m), which represents an area and amplitude of ERD.


RESULTS
7/8 patients showed good recovery. Absence-or-reduction of ipsilesional modulation was initially found in stroke patients but not in the healthy controls. In the patient group, two evolutions were found in 6/8 patients: a significant increase in ipsilesional S(m); and a decreasing trend in contralesional S(m). In the only non-recovery patient, absence of ipsilesional modulation was observed, while his contralesional S(m) increased with time after stroke.


CONCLUSION
The two evolutions presumably reflect the reorganization of brain networks and functional recovery after acute stroke. The significant increase of ipsilesional S(m) in patients with a good recovery suggests an important role of this hemisphere during recovery.


SIGNIFICANCE
Improved understanding of ERD in acute stroke may assist in prognostication and rehabilitation.
Evolution in cardiovascular care for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE National Quality Improvement Initiative.

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the impact of age on care and outcomes for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS).


BACKGROUND
Recent clinical trials have expanded treatment options for NSTE ACS, now reflected in guidelines. Elderly patients are at highest risk, yet have previously been shown to receive less care than younger patients.


METHODS
In 56,963 patients with NSTE ACS at 443 U.S. hospitals participating in the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines (CRUSADE) National Quality Improvement Initiative from January 2001 to June 2003, we compared use of guidelines-recommended care across four age groups: <65, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and > or =85 years. A multivariate model tested for age-related differences in treatments and outcomes after adjusting for patient, provider, and hospital factors.


RESULTS
Of the study population, 35% were > or =75 years old, and 11% were > or =85 years old. Use of acute anti-platelet and anti-thrombin therapy within the first 24 h decreased with age. Elderly patients were also less likely to undergo early catheterization or revascularization. Whereas use of many discharge medications was similar in young and old patients, clopidogrel and lipid-lowering therapy remained less commonly prescribed in elderly patients. In-hospital mortality and complication rates increased with advancing age, but those receiving more recommended therapies had lower mortality even after adjustment than those who did not.


CONCLUSIONS
Age impacts use of guidelines-recommended care for newer agents and early in-hospital care. Further improvements in outcomes for elderly patients by optimizing the safe and early use of therapies are likely.
Modeling User Rating Profiles For Collaborative Filtering

In this paper we present a generative latent variable model for rating-based collaborative filtering called the User Rating Profile model (URP). The generative process which underlies URP is designed to produce complete user rating profiles, an assignment of one rating to each item for each user. Our model represents each user as a mixture of user attitudes, and the mixing proportions are distributed according to a Dirichlet random variable. The rating for each item is generated by selecting a user attitude for the item, and then selecting a rating according to the preference pattern associated with that attitude. URP is related to several models including a multinomial mixture model, the aspect model [7], and LDA [1], but has clear advantages over each.
Using data mining techniques for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer disease

Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers for women in developed countries including India. It is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. The high incidence of breast cancer in women has increased significantly in the last years. In this paper we have discussed various data mining approaches that have been utilized for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Breast Cancer Diagnosis is distinguishing of benign from malignant breast lumps and Breast Cancer Prognosis predicts when Breast Cancer is to recur in patients that have had their cancers excised. This study paper summarizes various review and technical articles on breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis also we focus on current research being carried out using the data mining techniques to enhance the breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Ontology Learning and Population: Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge

Ontology Learning is up to now dominated by techniques which use text as input. There are only few methods which use a different data source. The techniques which use highly structured data as input have the disadvantage that such data sources are rare. On the other side, there are enormous amounts of Web content present today. We present the XTREEM (Xhtml TREE Mining) methods which enable Ontology Learning from Web Documents. Those methods rely on the semi-structure of Web Documents. The added value of Web document markup is exploited by the XTREEM methods. We show methods for the acquisition of terms, synonyms and semantic relations. The XTREEM techniques are based on the structure of Web documents; they are domain and language independent. There is no need for NLP software nor for training. They do not rely on domain or document collection specific resources or background knowledge, such as patterns, rules or other heuristics; nor do they rely on manually assembling a document collection.