LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Study on Welder Training by Means of Haptic Guidance and Virtual Reality for Arc Welding

Gaining and improving welding skill is important for welders. The advent of virtual reality (VR) technology provides a new kind of medium for skill training. In this paper, a haptic arc welding training method is proposed based on VR and haptic guidance. The training method is designed to emulate the presence of a human tutor which feedbacks forces to a welder to show the proper force/position relation within pre-defined trajectories for attaining hand-mind-eye coordination skills in a virtual environment. Three basic welding operation skills, namely maintaining the proper arc length, maintaining the proper electrode angle, and maintaining the proper traverse speed are selected for training. The Phantom haptic device is used as the haptic interface. The haptic guidance is realized with proportional-plus-derivative (PD) feedback control of the error between the current and ideal trajectory. The proposed method is cost-less, effective, and environment-friend for the training of both novice and skilled welders.
Direct Organogenesis of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L . ) for Propagation of True-to-Type Plants

RAPD analysis This study aimed to develop an efficient method for micrpropagation of true-to-type date palm plants through direct organogenesis. Nodular cultures were obtained from shoot tips on MS medium plus 2 mg/l 2ip and 1 mg/l NAA. Among combinations of 2ip and 2,4-D added to culture medium for direct shoot buds proliferation, 5 mg/l 2ip alone gave the highest organogenesis frequency. For in vitro multiplication, culture medium amended with 5 mg/l 2ip + 2 mg/l Kin gave the maximum shoot bud proliferation and shoot bud length. The response of three (1, 5, and 10 mg/l) concentrations of silver nitrate in the presence of 2ip regarding shoot bud multiplication was examined. Supplementation of culture medium with 5 mg/l silver nitrate was superior to the other concentrations used. For in vitro rooting, NAA (1 mg/l) was the best for in vitro root formation in comparison with IAA or IBA at same concentration. Acclimatization was achieved by transferring the plantlets into pots contained equal volumes of peat moss and vermiculite under high humidity. Tissue cultured plantlets were subjected to assessment of genetic stability using RAPD analyses. The patterns of DNA amplification showed a very high level of genetic similarity between regenerated plants and their mother plant. © 2013 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.
Mathematical Models for Local Nontexture Inpaintings

Abstract. Inspired by the recent work of Bertalmio et al. on digital inpaintings [SIGGRAPH 2000], we develop general mathematical models for local inpaintings of nontexture images. On smooth regions, inpaintings are connected to the harmonic and biharmonic extensions, and inpainting orders are analyzed. For inpaintings involving the recovery of edges, we study a variational model that is closely connected to the classical total variation (TV) denoising model of Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi [Phys. D, 60 (1992), pp. 259–268]. Other models are also discussed based on the Mumford–Shah regularity [Comm. Pure Appl. Math., XLII (1989), pp. 577–685] and curvature driven diffusions (CDD) of Chan and Shen [J. Visual Comm. Image Rep., 12 (2001)]. The broad applications of the inpainting models are demonstrated through restoring scratched old photos, disocclusion in vision analysis, text removal, digital zooming, and edge-based image coding.
Hypergraph Partitioning and Clustering

A hypergraph is a generalization of a graph wherein edges can connect more than two vertices and are called hyperedges. Just as graphs naturally represent many kinds of information in mathematical and computer science problems, hypergraphs also arise naturally in important practical problems, including circuit layout, Boolean SATisfiability, numerical linear algebra, etc. Given a hypergraph H , k-way partitioning of H assigns vertices of H to k disjoint nonempty partitions. The k-way partitioning problem seeks to minimize a given cost function of such an assignment. A standard cost function is net cut, which is the number of hyperedges that span more than one partition, or, more generally, the sum of weights of such edges. Constraints are typically imposed on the solution, and make the problem difficult. For example, certain vertices can be fixed in their partitions (fixed constraints) or the total vertex weight in each partition may be limited (balance constraints). With balance constraints, the problem of optimally partitioning a hypergraph is known to be NP-hard [28]. However, since partitioning is critical in several practical applications, heuristic algorithms were developed with near-linear runtime. Such move-based heuristics for k-way hypergraph partitioning appear in [46, 27, 14], with refinements given by [47, 58, 32, 49, 24, 10, 20, 35, 41, 25]. The following is an introduction to partitioning formulations and algorithms, centered on the Fiduccia-Mattheyses heuristic [27] and its derivatives.
Healthy work environments and staff nurse retention: the relationship between communication, collaboration, and leadership in the pediatric intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND
A healthy work environment can improve patient outcomes and registered nurse (RN) turnover. Creating cultures of retention and fostering healthy work environments are 2 major challenges facing nurse leaders today.


SPECIFIC AIMS
Examine the effects of the healthy work environment (communication, collaboration, and leadership) on RN turnover from data collected from a research study.


METHODS
Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design. Pediatric critical care RNs from 10 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) completed the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index Revised and a subscale of the Intensive Care Unit Nurse-Physician Communication Questionnaire. These staff nurses were asked whether they intend to leave their current job in the next 6 months. Statistical analysis included correlations, multiple linear regression, t tests (2-tailed), and 1-way analysis of variance.


RESULTS
A total of 415 RNs completed the survey. There was a statistically significant relationship between leadership and the intent to leave (P < .05). There was also an inverse relationship between years of experience and intent to leave. None of the communication variables between RNs and among RNs and MDs or collaboration were significantly associated with PICU nurses' intention to leave.


CONCLUSION
Effective leadership in the PICU is important to PICU RNs and significantly influences their decisions about staying in their current job.
Optimization for Machine Learning

This course teaches an overview of modern optimization methods, for applications in machine learning and data science. In particular, scalability of algorithms to large datasets will be discussed in theory and in implementation. Basic
A longitudinal qualitative analysis of the factors that influence patient distress within the lung cancer population.

BACKGROUND
The literature consistently shows that lung cancer patients experience both greater number of symptoms and concerns about health and existential issues compared with patients from other cancer populations and that patient distress near diagnosis predicts survival in lung cancer patients. Also evidence suggests that symptom characteristics (e.g. symptom intensity and frequency) influence distress. The relationship between aspects of patients' symptom experiences can be complex and the mechanisms underpinning this association are not fully understood at present.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 lung cancer patients and 15 primary caregivers at four time points: at the beginning of treatment and then subsequently at three, six, and twelve months, providing a total of 44 patient and 32 caregiver interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed in the data analysis.


FINDINGS
The analysis presented here concentrates on two areas which was reported to influence distress in this population: (1) patients' perception of symptoms and symptom characteristics and their associated distress; and (2) the relationship between patients' causal reasoning and their distress.


CONCLUSION
The complexity of the issues involved in the development of symptom distress needs to be recognised by health care professionals in this poor prognosis group of patients. Better patient preparation about symptoms may alleviate some of the symptom distress in lung cancer patients.
Vorticity Particle Method for Simulation of 3D Flow

The new formulation of the stochastic vortex particle method has been presented. Main elements of the algorithms: the construction of the particles, governing equations, stretching modeling and boundary condition enforcement are described. The test case is the unsteady flow past a spherical body. Sample results concerning patterns in velocity and vorticity fields, streamlines, pressure and aerodynamic forces are presented.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia.

BACKGROUND
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis in elderly nursing-home patients with dementia.


METHOD
Elderly patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia, or a combination of the 2 (i.e., mixed dementia) and significant aggressive behaviors were randomized to receive, for a period of 12 weeks, a flexible dose of either placebo or risperidone solution up to a maximum of 2 mg/day. Outcome measures were the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE-AD) rating scale, and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) and of Change (CGI-C) scales.


RESULTS
A total of 345 patients were randomized to treatment with risperidone or placebo, and 337 patients received at least one dose of study drug. The trial was completed by 67% of patients in the placebo group and 73% of patients in the risperidone group. The mean +/- SE dose of risperidone was 0.95 +/- 0.03 mg/day. The primary endpoint of the study, the difference from baseline to endpoint in CMAI total aggression score, showed a significant reduction in aggressive behavior for risperidone versus placebo (p <.001). A similar improvement was also seen for the CMAI total non-aggression subscale (p <.002) and for the BEHAVE-AD total (p <.001) and psychotic symptoms subscale (p =.004). At endpoint, the CGI-S and the CGI-C scores indicated a significantly greater improvement with risperidone compared with placebo (p <.001). Overall, 94% and 92% of the risperidone and placebo groups, respectively, reported at least 1 adverse event. Somnolence and urinary tract infection were more common with risperidone treatment, whereas agitation was more common with placebo. There was no significant difference in the number of patients who reported extrapyramidal symptoms between the risperidone (23%) and placebo (16%) groups.


CONCLUSION
Treatment with low-dose (mean = 0.95 mg/day) risperidone resulted in significant improvement in aggression, agitation, and psychosis associated with dementia.
Prevalence and health correlates of prostitution among patients entering treatment for substance use disorders.

CONTEXT
Studies of prostitution have focused largely on individuals involved in the commercial sex trade, with an emphasis on understanding the public health effect of this behavior. However, a broader understanding of how prostitution affects mental and physical health is needed. In particular, the study of prostitution among individuals in substance use treatment would improve efforts to provide comprehensive treatment.


OBJECTIVES
To document the prevalence of prostitution among women and men entering substance use treatment, and to test the association between prostitution, physical and mental health, and health care utilization while adjusting for reported history of childhood sexual abuse, a known correlate of prostitution and poor health outcomes.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 1606 women and 3001 men entering substance use treatment in the United States who completed a semistructured intake interview as part of a larger study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Self-reported physical health (respiratory, circulatory, neurological, and internal organ conditions, bloodborne infections) and mental health (depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, and suicidal behavior), and use of emergency department, clinic, hospital, or inpatient mental health services within the past year.


RESULTS
Many participants reported prostitution in their lifetime (50.8% of women and 18.5% of men) and in the past year (41.4% of women and 11.2% of men). Prostitution was associated with increased risk for bloodborne viral infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and mental health symptoms. Prostitution was associated with use of emergency care in women and use of inpatient mental health services for men.


CONCLUSIONS
Prostitution was common among a sample of individuals entering substance use treatment in the United States and was associated with higher risk of physical and mental health problems. Increased efforts toward understanding prostitution among patients in substance use treatment are warranted. Screening for prostitution in substance use treatment could allow for more comprehensive care to this population.
Randomized Algorithms and NLP: Using Locality Sensitive Hash Functions for High Speed Noun Clustering

In this paper, we explore the power of randomized algorithm to address the challenge of working with very large amounts of data. We apply these algorithms to generate noun similarity lists from 70 million pages. We reduce the running time from quadratic to practically linear in the number of elements to be computed.
Wideband Spurious-Free Lithium Niobate RF-MEMS Filters

This paper reports on the demonstration of wideband spurious-free radio frequency micromechanical systems filters based on one-port shear horizontal (SH0) mode lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs). The fabricated filter has been demonstrated with an unprecedented spectral range of spurious-free response (290% of the center frequency), a low insertion loss of 2.1 dB, an excellent 30-dB shape factor of 1.48, and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 8.9%. The spurious free response is achieved by optimizing the building blocks of the filters, namely the LVRs, and employing a spurious mitigation design based on arraying single resonators with only two electrodes. The low loss and excellent shape factor are enabled by the demonstrated high electromechanical coupling (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathit {k}_{t}^{2}=16.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%), high quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q} =1093$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and high figure of merit (FoM = 154) of the fabricated resonator arrays. [2016-0250]
Whole-body versus segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with edema of the upper limb after breast cancer treatment.

AIM
The purpose of this study was to compare whole-body (50 kHz alternating current) and segmental (5 kHz alternating current) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in the assessment of manifested edema of the upper limbs.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Whole-body and segmental BIA were performed in 30 patients with edema of the upper limb following breast cancer treatment.


RESULTS
Pearson correlation coefficient comparing both measurements was 0.8891 (p-value <0.0001) with corresponding least squares (r(2)) of 0.7904.


CONCLUSION
Whole-body BIA seems to be a suitable method in the assessment of manifested edema of the upper limbs.
Planar transmission line transformer using coupled microstrip lines

A novel and simple configuration of the planar transmission line transformer using coupled microstrip lines is proposed. A design methodology is also presented. The simulated and measured results demonstrate broadband impedance transformation with good efficiency for RF and microwave circuit design. The effects of the deviation from the optimal characteristic impedance and transformation ratio are investigated as well.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: socioeconomic inequalities in access and in 30 day mortality. A population-based study in Rome, Italy.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is equally provided among different socioeconomic status (SES) groups in accordance with need. To estimate the association between SES and mortality occurring 30 days after CABG surgery.


DESIGN
Individual socioeconomic index assigned with respect to the characteristics of the census tract of residence (level I = highest SES; level IV = lowest SES). Comparison of age adjusted hospital admission rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and CABG surgery among four SES groups. Retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent CABG surgery during 1996-97.


SETTING
Rome (2 685 890 inhabitants) and the seven cardiac surgery units in the city.


PARTICIPANTS
All residents in Rome aged 35 years or more. A cohort of 1875 CABG patients aged 35 years or more.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Age adjusted hospitalisation rates for CABG and IHD and rate of CABG per 100 IHD hospitalisations by SES group, taking level I as the reference group. Odds ratios of 30 day mortality after CABG surgery, adjusted for age, gender, illness severity at admission, and type of hospital where CABG was performed.


RESULTS
People in the lowest SES level experienced an excess in the age adjusted IHD hospitalisation rates compared with the highest SES level (an excess of 57% among men, and of 94% among women), but the rate of CABG per 100 IHD hospitalisations was lower, among men, in the most socially disadvantaged level (8.9 CABG procedures per 100 IHD hospital admissions in level IV versus 14.1 in level I rate ratio= 0.63; 95% CI 0.44, 0.89). The most socially disadvantaged SES group experienced a higher risk of 30 day mortality after CABG surgery (8. 1%) than those in the highest SES group (4.8%); this excess in mortality was confirmed even when initial illness severity was taken into account (odds ratio= 2.89; 95% CI 1.44, 5.80).


CONCLUSIONS
The universal coverage of the National Health Service in Italy does not guarantee equitable access to CABG surgery for IHD patients. Factors related to SES are likely to influence poor prognosis after CABG surgery.
GOING ASTRAY WITH A LOGICAL SCHEME

For purposes of clarification it is desirable to point out at the very beginning that the title of the Lewis and Smith book (“American Sociology and Pragmatism: Mead, Chicago Sociology and Symbolic Interaction”) is very much of a misnomer. On the basis of the title one would expect at least a modest coverage of the following significant topics: the distinctive nature of pragmatism as a form of philosophy; the importance of its particular picture of human action, based on functional psychology and reflecting the practical character of American frontier life; the ways in which this philosophical and psychological perspective played into the formation of early American sociology; the ways, in turn, by which early American sociological thought with its reform motif played back on pragmatic philosophy; the manner in which American pragmatism entered into and affected the development of sociological thought and research at the University of Chicago; the place of George Herbert Mead in the formation of that thought and research; and finally the ways in which the social psychological thought of Mead exercized influence on what has come to be called “symbolic interactionism.” But the book is far from presenting such an expected coverage. Instead, Lewis and Smith have picked out a recondite philosophical issue-the scholastic issue of “nominalism” versus “realism”-and used this issue to construct a narrowly conceived picture of pragmatism, Chicago Sociology, and symbolic interactionism. The result is a big void in their account. The nominalism-realism theme which Lewis and Smith use to give direction and substance to their book comes from the issue in scholastic philosophy as to whether “universals” (general items) are real or whether only “particulars” (individual objects) are real; for example, whether “redness” as a universal is real or whether only red objects are real. Philosophically, the position of “realism” is that universals are real while the position of “nominalism” is that only particular objects are real; for the nominalist, a universal (such as redness) is only a word or label that is attached to real individuals. The
Cretion and use of ontology of subject domain “electrical engineering”

In this paper, we present our research, development about knowledge-based ontology in “Electrical engineering” region. As a means of formal descriptions of the subject area are considered, ontology is a set of terms and associated definitions that are related to some subject regions and performing the function. Protégé program is used to present ontologies in “electrical engineering” region. The results of our research in “Electrical engineering” region is the foundation, knowledgebase to approach, develop and leverage ontology into “electrical engineering” region later.
Thalidomide in the treatment of cancer cachexia: a randomised placebo controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Thalidomide, which is an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, may represent a novel and rational approach to the treatment of cancer cachexia.


AIMS
To assess the safety and efficacy of thalidomide in attenuating weight loss in patients with cachexia secondary to advanced pancreatic cancer.


METHODS
Fifty patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who had lost at least 10% of their body weight were randomised to receive thalidomide 200 mg daily or placebo for 24 weeks in a single centre, double blind, randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome was change in weight and nutritional status.


RESULTS
Thirty three patients (16 control, 17 thalidomide) were evaluated at four weeks, and 20 patients (eight control, 12 thalidomide) at eight weeks. At four weeks, patients who received thalidomide had gained on average 0.37 kg in weight and 1.0 cm(3) in arm muscle mass (AMA) compared with a loss of 2.21 kg (absolute difference -2.59 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.3 to -0.8); p = 0.005) and 4.46 cm(3) (absolute difference -5.6 cm(3) (95% CI -8.9 to -2.2); p = 0.002) in the placebo group. At eight weeks, patients in the thalidomide group had lost 0.06 kg in weight and 0.5 cm(3) in AMA compared with a loss of 3.62 kg (absolute difference -3.57 kg (95% CI -6.8 to -0.3); p = 0.034) and 8.4 cm(3) (absolute difference -7.9 cm(3) (95% CI -14.0 to -1.8); p = 0.014) in the placebo group. Improvement in physical functioning correlated positively with weight gain (r = 0.56, p = 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Thalidomide was well tolerated and effective at attenuating loss of weight and lean body mass in patients with cachexia due to advanced pancreatic cancer.
Engineering Fast Route Planning Algorithms

Algorithms for route planning in transportation networks have recently undergone a rapid development, leading to methods that are up to one million times faster than Dijkstra’s algorithm. We outline ideas, algorithms, implementations, and experimental methods behind this development. We also explain why the story is not over yet because dynamically changing networks, flexible objective functions, and new applications pose a lot of interesting challenges.