LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Delay in diagnosis of lung cancer in general practice.

BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is a common cancer disease; nevertheless, in Denmark a GP only sees one new case of lung cancer per year. The core symptoms of lung cancer, cough and dyspnoea, are on the other hand very common in general practice. This represents a challenge to the diagnostic process and increases the risk of diagnostic delay.


AIM
To explore diagnostic delay in primary health care among patients with lung cancer.


DESIGN OF STUDY
A population based observational case series of 84 lung cancer patients' delay.


SETTING
The County of Aarhus, Denmark.


METHOD
From county-based registers of all histological and cytological tests we identified all patients in the County of Aarhus with lung cancer diagnosed during a 6 month period in 2003. Inclusion was verified by contacting the departments involved in the treatment of lung cancer. Data were based on telephone interviews with patients' GPs. A review of delay was made starting with the first symptom until referral to secondary care.


RESULTS
The overall median delay in primary health care was 32.5 days (interquartile interval (IQI) = 12-68 days). One-third of the patients were referred to the diagnostic investigation after their first consultation. Important reasons for delay in primary care were: symptoms not related to the lungs, chest X-ray without suspicion of cancer, comorbidity, waiting times for investigations and lack of explicit follow-up appointment. Prolonged delay was often due to a combination of these factors.


CONCLUSION
When diagnosing lung cancer, it is important that GPs are aware of the low sensitivity of chest X-ray. Shorter waiting times for investigations could reduce delay considerably.
A Hybrid Machine Learning System for Stock Market Forecasting

In this paper, we propose a hybrid machine learning system based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for stock market prediction. A variety of indicators from the technical analysis field of study are used as input features. We also make use of the correlation between stock prices of different companies to forecast the price of a stock, making use of technical indicators of highly correlated stocks, not only the stock to be predicted. The genetic algorithm is used to select the set of most informative input features from among all the technical indicators. The results show that the hybrid GA-SVM system outperforms the stand alone SVM system. Keywords—Genetic Algorithms, Support Vector Machines, Stock Market Forecasting.
Differential Impact of Tetratricopeptide Repeat Proteins on the Steroid Hormone Receptors

BACKGROUND
Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motif containing co-chaperones of the chaperone Hsp90 are considered control modules that govern activity and specificity of this central folding platform. Steroid receptors are paradigm clients of Hsp90. The influence of some TPR proteins on selected receptors has been described, but a comprehensive analysis of the effects of TPR proteins on all steroid receptors has not been accomplished yet.


METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We compared the influence of the TPR proteins FK506 binding proteins 51 and 52, protein phosphatase-5, C-terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein, cyclophillin 40, hepatitis-virus-B X-associated protein-2, and tetratricopeptide repeat protein-2 on all six steroid hormone receptors in a homogeneous mammalian cell system. To be able to assess each cofactor's effect on the transcriptional activity of on each steroid receptor we employed transient transfection in a reporter gene assay. In addition, we evaluated the interactions of the TPR proteins with the receptors and components of the Hsp90 chaperone heterocomplex by coimmunoprecipitation. In the functional assays, corticosteroid and progesterone receptors displayed the most sensitive and distinct reaction to the TPR proteins. Androgen receptor's activity was moderately impaired by most cofactors, whereas the Estrogen receptors' activity was impaired by most cofactors only to a minor degree. Second, interaction studies revealed that the strongly receptor-interacting co-chaperones were all among the inhibitory proteins. Intriguingly, the TPR-proteins also differentially co-precipitated the heterochaperone complex components Hsp90, Hsp70, and p23, pointing to differences in their modes of action.


CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE
The results of this comprehensive study provide important insight into chaperoning of diverse client proteins via the combinatorial action of (co)-chaperones. The differential effects of the TPR proteins on steroid receptors bear on all physiological processes related to steroid hormone activity.
SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF PERSONAL MOBILITY: WHAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A LITTLE AND A LOT?

Using survey data collected from 1,358 commuting workers in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1998, this paper empirically explores the determinants of individuals’ subjective assessments of their mobility (measured on a five-point ordinal scale, for ten different categories of travel). Linear regression was used to identify the relative importance of reported mobility in explaining the variance of the dependent variables. A variety of personal factors were also found to significantly influence such assessments: personality traits, travel-related attitudes, lifestyle characteristics, and affinity for travel. The study provides insight into the way individuals mentally process the amount of travel they do, which will increase our understanding of travel behavior and its motivations.
A sybil attack detection approach using neighboring vehicles in VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is vulnerable to many security threats. One severe attack is Sybil attack, in which a malicious node forges a large number of fake identities in order to disrupt the proper functioning of VANET applications. In this paper, a distributed and robust approach is presented to defend against Sybil attack. Proposed scheme localizes the fake identities of malicious vehicles by analyzing the consistent similarity in neighborhood information of neighbors of these fake identities. Beacon packets are exchanged periodically by all the vehicles to announce their presence and get aware of neighboring nodes. Each node periodically keep a record of its neighboring nodes. In proposed approach, each node exchange groups of its neighboring nodes periodically and perform the intersection of these groups. If some nodes observe that they have similar neighbors for a significant duration of time, these similar neighbors are identified as Sybil nodes. Proposed approach is able to locate Sybil nodes quickly without the requirement of secret information exchange and special hardware support. We evaluate our proposed approach on the realistic traffic scenario. Experiment results demonstrate that detection rate increases when optimal numbers of Sybil nodes are forged by the attacker.
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): An Ancient Nutrient for the Modern Human Brain 

Modern humans have evolved with a staple source of preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet. An important turning point in human evolution was the discovery of high-quality, easily digested nutrients from coastal seafood and inland freshwater sources. Multi-generational exploitation of seafood by shore-based dwellers coincided with the rapid expansion of grey matter in the cerebral cortex, which characterizes the modern human brain. The DHA molecule has unique structural properties that appear to provide optimal conditions for a wide range of cell membrane functions. This has particular implications for grey matter, which is membrane-rich tissue. An important metabolic role for DHA has recently been identified as the precursor for resolvins and protectins. The rudimentary source of DHA is marine algae; therefore it is found concentrated in fish and marine oils. Unlike the photosynthetic cells in algae and higher plants, mammalian cells lack the specific enzymes required for the de novo synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor for all omega-3 fatty acid syntheses. Endogenous synthesis of DHA from ALA in humans is much lower and more limited than previously assumed. The excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids in the modern Western diet further displaces DHA from membrane phospholipids. An emerging body of research is exploring a unique role for DHA in neurodevelopment and the prevention of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. DHA is increasingly being added back into the food supply as fish oil or algal oil supplementation.
Developing a socio-technical framework for business-IT alignment

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for evaluating business-IT alignment. Specifically, the authors emphasize internal business-IT alignment between business and IS groups, which is a typical setting in recent boundary-less, networked business environments. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the previous studies, a socio-technical approach was developed to explain how the functional integration in the business-IT alignment process could be accomplished in collaborative environments. The study investigates the relationship among social alignment, technical alignment, IS effectiveness, and business performance. Findings – The results indicated that alignment between business and IS groups increased IS effectiveness and business performance. Business-IT alignment resulting from socio-technical arrangements in firms’ infrastructure has positive impacts on business performance. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by control issues in terms of the impact of the confounding variables on business performance. Future studies need to validate the research model across industries. The study results imply that business-IT alignment is a multidimensional concept that includes social and technical activities explaining the way people and information technology institutionalize business value. Originality/value – By establishing a socio-technical framework of business-IT alignment, this study proposes a conceptual framework for business-IT alignment that accounts for not only improved technical performance, but also improved human performance as well. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing internal socio-technical collaboration in modern business environments.
General anaesthesia for caesarean section: is the end in sight for thiopental?

I n 1959, Hamer Hodges first described the use of thiopental for obstetric anaesthesia which has historically been the induction agent of choice in this setting. Propofol entered clinical practice in the late 1980s; early studies comparing thiopental with propofol had conflicting findings, so thiopental continued to be the preferred induction agent for caesarean section. However, there has been a shift away from using thiopental outside the UK as a result of problems with drug supply, and many have started to question whether the end is in sight for thiopental.
Circular polarization bandwidth for a bowtie turnstile over a ground plane

This report estimates the circular polarization bandwidth for a bowtie turnstile over a finite ground plane.
Real-life results of balloon kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures from the SWISSspine registry.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT
The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health mandated a nationwide health technology assessment-registry for balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for decision making on reimbursement of these interventions. The early results of the registry led to a permanent coverage of BKP by basic health insurance. The documentation was continued for further evidence generation.


PURPOSE
This analysis reports on the 1 year results of patients after BKP treatment.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective multicenter observational case series.


PATIENT SAMPLE
The data on 625 cases with 819 treated vertebrae were documented from March 2005 to May 2012.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Surgeon-administered outcome instruments were primary intervention form for BKP and the follow-up form; patient self-reported measures were EuroQol-5D questionnaire, North American Spine Society outcome instrument /Core Outcome Measures Index (including visual analog scale), and a comorbidity questionnaire. Outcome measures were back pain, medication, quality of life (QoL), cement extrusions, and new fractures within the first postoperative year.


METHODS
Data were recorded preoperatively and at 3 to 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of pre- with postoperative measurements. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors with a significant influence on the outcome.


RESULTS
Seventy percent of patients were women with mean age of 71 years (range, 18-91 years); mean age of men was 65 years (range, 15-93 years). Significant and clinically relevant reduction of back pain, improvement of QoL, and reduction of pain killer consumption was seen within the first postoperative year. Preoperative back pain decreased from 69.3 to 29.0 at 3 to 6-month and remained unchanged at 1-year follow-ups. Consequently, QoL improved from 0.23 to 0.71 and 0.75 at the same follow-up intervals. The overall vertebra-based cement extrusion rates with and without extrusions into intervertebral discs were 22.1% and 15.3%, respectively. Symptomatic cement extrusions with radiculopathy were five (0.8%). A new vertebral fracture within a year from the BKP surgery was observed in 18.4% of the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the largest observational study for BKP so far are consistent with published randomized trials and systematic reviews. In this routine health care setting, BKP is safe and effective in reducing pain, improving QoL, and lowering pain_killer consumption and has an acceptable rate of cement extrusions. Postoperative outcome results show clear and significant clinical improvement at early follow-up that remain stable during the first postoperative year.
Prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy: the role of 3-T diffusion imaging in multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging

To validate the role of 3-T diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of local prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). T2-weighted imaging, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were performed with a 3-T magnet in 262 patients after RP. Twenty out of 262 patients evaluated were excluded. MRI results were validated by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction after external beam radiotherapy in group A (126 patients, local recurrence size range 4–8 mm) and by transrectal ultrasound biopsy in group B (116 patients, local recurrence size range 9–15 mm). In group A combined T2-weighted and DCE-MRI (T2+DCE) shows 98 % sensitivity, 94 % specificity and 93 % accuracy in identifying local recurrence; combined T2-weighted and DWI with a b value of 3,000 s/mm2 (T2+DW3) displays 97 % sensitivity, 95 % specificity and 92 % accuracy, while with a b value of 1,000 s/mm2 (T2+DW1) affords 93 % sensitivity, 89 % specificity and 88 % accuracy. In group B T2+DCE shows 100 % sensitivity, 97 % specificity and 91 % accuracy in detecting local cancer recurrence; T2+DW3 displays 98 % sensitivity, 96 % specificity and 89 % accuracy; T2+DW1 has 94 % sensitivity, 92 % specificity and 86 % accuracy. DCE-MRI is the most reliable technique in detecting local prostate cancer recurrence after RP, though DWI can be proposed as a reliable alternative. • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) is being increasingly used in oncology. • PSA analysis does not distinguish prostate cancer recurrence from distant metastasis. • DWI-MR can diagnose local prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. • DWI-MR is almost comparable to DCE-MRI in detecting local recurrence.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Oak Fruit Hull (Jaft): Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect on MCF-7 Cells

A green synthetic approach by using oak fruit hull (Jaft) extract for preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed and optimized. Parameters affecting the synthesis of AgNPs, such as temperature, extract pH, and concentration of extract (ratio of plant sample to extraction solvent), were investigated and optimized. Optimum conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are as follows: Ag(+) concentration, 1 mM; extract concentration, 40 g/L (4% w/v); pH = 9 and temperature, 45°C. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM and DLS analyses have shown the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average size of 40 nm. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized AgNPs and Jaft extract containing AgNPs against human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) was investigated and the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were found to be 50 and 0.04 μg/mL at 24 h incubation, respectively. This eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis method can be potentially used for large-scale production of silver nanoparticles.
The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance.

PURPOSE
in the last two decades, several evidences have been provided to support the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the susceptibility to develop injuries participating in sport and performance related to sports activity. We report up-to-date review of the genetics factors involved in tendon injuries and athletic performance.


METHODS
we searched PubMed using the terms "sports injuries", "athletic performance" and "genetics" over the period 1990 to the present day. We also included non-English journals.


RESULTS
most of the currently established or putative tendinopathy susceptibility loci have been analyzed by candidate gene studies. The genes currently associated with tendon injuries include gene encoding for collagen, matrix metallopeptidase, tenascin and growth factors. Several genes have been related to the physical performance phenotypes affecting endurance capacity and muscle performance. The most studied include ACE and ACTN3 genes.


CONCLUSIONS
genetics determines the response of an individual to the surrounding environment. Recently, some of the individual genetic variations contributing to the athletic performance and the onset of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in tendon and ligament tissues, have been identified. However, the identification of the genetic background related to susceptibility to injuries and physical performance of the athletes is challenging yet and further studies must be performed to establish the specific role of each gene and the potential effect of the interaction of these.
From Word Embeddings to Item Recommendation

Social network platforms can archive data produced by their users. Then, the archived data is used to provide better services to the users. One of the services that these platforms provide is the recommendation service. Recommendation systems can predict the future preferences of users using various different techniques. One of the most popular technique for recommendation is matrix-factorization, which uses lowrank approximation of input data. Similarly, word embedding methods from natural language processing literature learn lowdimensional vector space representation of input elements. Noticing the similarities among word embedding and matrix factorization techniques and based on the previous works that apply techniques from text processing to recommendation, Word2Vec’s skip-gram technique is employed to make recommendations. The aim of this work is to make recommendation on next check-in venues. Unlike previous works that use Word2Vec for recommendation, in this work non-textual features are used. For the experiments, a Foursquare check-in dataset is used. The results show that use of vector space representations of items modeled by skip-gram technique is promising for making recommendations. Keywords—Recommendation systems, Location based social networks, Word embedding, Word2Vec, Skip-gram technique
Promoting personal responsibility for internet safety

Online safety is everyone's responsibility---a concept much easier to preach than to practice.
Prompt initiation of maintenance treatment following a COPD exacerbation: outcomes in a large insured population

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to extend previous findings and determine the value of prompt initiation of maintenance treatment (MT) following COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization or an emergency department (ED) visit.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Administrative claims data (collected between January 1, 2009 and June 30, 2012) from an employer-sponsored commercially insured population were retrospectively used to identify patients with a COPD exacerbation resulting in hospitalization or an ED visit. Patients initiating approved MT for COPD within 30 days of discharge/diagnosis (prompt) were compared with those initiating MT within 31-180 days (delayed). COPD-related total, medical, and prescription drug costs during a 1-year follow-up period were evaluated using semilog ordinary least square regressions, controlling for baseline characteristics plus COPD-related costs from the previous year. The odds and number of subsequent COPD-related exacerbations during the follow-up were compared between the prompt and delayed cohorts using logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models, respectively.


RESULTS
A total of 6,521 patients with a COPD-related hospitalization or an ED visit were included, of whom 4,555 received prompt MT and 1,966 received delayed MT. Adjusted COPD-related total and medical costs were significantly lower for the prompt MT than the delayed MT cohorts (US$3,931 vs US$4,857 and US$2,327 vs US$3,087, respectively; both P<0.010), as were COPD-related prescription costs (US$1,526 vs US$1,683, P<0.010) during the 1-year follow-up period. Patients receiving delayed MT were 68% more likely to have a subsequent exacerbation requiring hospitalization and 80% more likely to have an exacerbation requiring an ED visit.


CONCLUSION
Prompt initiation of MT following a COPD-related hospitalization or an ED visit was associated with a significant reduction in COPD-related costs and odds of exacerbation in the following year compared with delayed initiation.
How gender-stereotypical are selfies? A content analysis and comparison with magazine adverts

Selfies (self-portrait photographs often taken with a camera phone) are popularly used for selfpresentation in social media like Facebook and Instagram. These modern user-generated self-portraits have the potential to draw a more versatile picture of the genders instead of reproducing traditional gender stereotypes often presented in mainstream media and advertising. To investigate the degree of gender stereotyping in selfies, a random sample of 500 selfies uploaded on Instagram (50% representing females, 50% males) was drawn and subjected to quantitative content analysis. The degree of gender stereotyping in the selfies was measured using Goffman's (1979) and Kang's (1997) gender display categories (e.g. feminine touch, lying posture, withdrawing gaze, sparse clothing) plus three social media-related categories (kissing pout, muscle presentation, faceless portrayal). Additionally, gender stereotyping in selfies was directly compared to the degree of gender stereotyping in magazine adverts measured in the same way (D€ oring & P€ oschl, 2006). Results reveal that male and female Instagram users' selfies not only reflect traditional gender stereotypes, but are even more stereotypical than magazine adverts. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gradient Descent Only Converges to Minimizers

We show that gradient descent converges to a local minimizer, almost surely with random initialization. This is proved by applying the Stable Manifold Theorem from dynamical systems theory.