LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of women’s satisfaction with maternal health care: a review of literature from developing countries

BACKGROUND
Developing countries account for 99 percent of maternal deaths annually. While increasing service availability and maintaining acceptable quality standards, it is important to assess maternal satisfaction with care in order to make it more responsive and culturally acceptable, ultimately leading to enhanced utilization and improved outcomes. At a time when global efforts to reduce maternal mortality have been stepped up, maternal satisfaction and its determinants also need to be addressed by developing country governments. This review seeks to identify determinants of women's satisfaction with maternity care in developing countries.


METHODS
The review followed the methodology of systematic reviews. Public health and social science databases were searched. English articles covering antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum care, for either home or institutional deliveries, reporting maternal satisfaction from developing countries (World Bank list) were included, with no year limit. Out of 154 shortlisted abstracts, 54 were included and 100 excluded. Studies were extracted onto structured formats and analyzed using the narrative synthesis approach.


RESULTS
Determinants of maternal satisfaction covered all dimensions of care across structure, process and outcome. Structural elements included good physical environment, cleanliness, and availability of adequate human resources, medicines and supplies. Process determinants included interpersonal behavior, privacy, promptness, cognitive care, perceived provider competency and emotional support. Outcome related determinants were health status of the mother and newborn. Access, cost, socio-economic status and reproductive history also influenced perceived maternal satisfaction. Process of care dominated the determinants of maternal satisfaction in developing countries. Interpersonal behavior was the most widely reported determinant, with the largest body of evidence generated around provider behavior in terms of courtesy and non-abuse. Other aspects of interpersonal behavior included therapeutic communication, staff confidence and competence and encouragement to laboring women.


CONCLUSIONS
Quality improvement efforts in developing countries could focus on strengthening the process of care. Special attention is needed to improve interpersonal behavior, as evidence from the review points to the importance women attach to being treated respectfully, irrespective of socio-cultural or economic context. Further research on maternal satisfaction is required on home deliveries and relative strength of various determinants in influencing maternal satisfaction.
50 years of electrical-stress control in cable accessories

Maxwell and Felici developed the theoretical basis of geometrical stress control during the period 1846 to 1862. The first practical implementation, however, was that of Nagel in Germany in 1906 (Figure 1). He developed the socalled Nagel-bushing on the basis of conductive layers [1]. Around the same time, the Swiss professor Kuhlmann invented the refractive method [2]. His aim was to decrease the electrical stress at the points where it was highest, rather than distributing it to other areas. The famous Rogowski profile was introduced in 1923. The basic principles are the same today, although the applications have become more complex, and stress control is still an important research area in HV engineering. Developments in stress control during the last 50 years (Figure 1) have been due mainly to new materials and production processes, and modern technologies, which have made possible to create cable accessories of more compact design and to improve their reliability. These developments have included impedance stress control based on heat-shrinkable tubing, and nonlinear stress control. In both cases the driving force was the need to improve the stress-control system of cable accessories.
A pilot and feasibility study of virtual reality as a distraction for children with cancer.

OBJECTIVE
To pilot and test the feasibility of a novel technology to reduce anxiety and pain associated with an invasive medical procedure in children with cancer.


METHOD
Children with cancer (ages 7-19) whose treatment protocols required access of their subcutaneous venous port device (port access) were randomly assigned to a virtual reality distraction intervention, a non-virtual reality distraction, or treatment as usual without a distraction. The researchers obtained assessments of the child's pain and anxiety from the parent, child, and unblinded nurses. Pulse rate was monitored throughout the procedure, and behavioral indices of distress were recorded, as observed by the researchers.


RESULTS
Reductions in pain and anxiety were found for children who used the virtual reality distraction in comparison with the no distraction condition as evidenced by lower pulse rate and reports of pain by nurses. No significant differences were found for the non-virtual reality condition versus the no distraction condition on pulse rate.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that virtual reality may be a useful tool for distraction during painful medical procedures, but further studies are needed to test potential efficacy and feasibility during other, more distressing medical procedures with larger sample sizes.
Sensitivity Analysis for Monte Carlo Simulation of Option Pricing

Monte Carlo simulation is one alternative for analyzing options markets when the assumptions of simpler analytical models are violated. We introduce techniques for the sensitivity analysis of option pricing which can be efficiently carried out in the simulation. In particular, using these techniques, a single run of the simulation would often provide not only an estimate of the option value but also estimates of the sensitivities of the option value to various parameters of the model. Both European and American options are considered, starting with simple analytically tractable models to present the idea and proceeding to more complicated examples. We then propose an approach for the pricing of options with early exercise features by incorporating the gradient estimates in an iterative stochastic approximation algorithm. The procedure is illustrated in a simple example estimating the option value of an American call. Numerical results indicate that the additional computational effort required over that required to estimate a European option is relatively small.
Assessment of exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields from smart utility meters in GB; part II) numerical assessment of induced SAR within the human body.

Human body exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted from smart meters was assessed using various exposure configurations. Specific energy absorption rate distributions were determined using three anatomically realistic human models. Each model was assigned with age- and frequency-dependent dielectric properties representing a collection of age groups. Generalized exposure conditions involving standing and sleeping postures were assessed for a home area network operating at 868 and 2,450 MHz. The smart meter antenna was fed with 1 W power input which is an overestimation of what real devices typically emit (15 mW max limit). The highest observed whole body specific energy absorption rate value was 1.87 mW kg-1 , within the child model at a distance of 15 cm from a 2,450 MHz device. The higher values were attributed to differences in dimension and dielectric properties within the model. Specific absorption rate (SAR) values were also estimated based on power density levels derived from electric field strength measurements made at various distances from smart meter devices. All the calculated SAR values were found to be very small in comparison to International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection limits for public exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:200-216, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fracture toughness and fatigue-crack propagation in a Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu–Be bulk metallic glass

The recent development of metallic alloy systems which can be processed with an amorphous structure over large dimensions, specifically to form metallic glasses at low cooling rates ~;10 K/s!, has permitted novel measurements of important mechanical properties. These include, for example, fatigue-crack growth and fracture toughness behavior, representing the conditions governing the subcritical and critical propagation of cracks in these structures. In the present study, bulk plates of a Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 alloy, machined into 7 mm wide, 38 mm thick compact-tension specimens and fatigue precracked following standard procedures, revealed fracture toughnesses in the fully amorphous structure of K Ic;55 MPaAm, i.e., comparable with that of a high-strength steel or aluminum alloy. However, partial and full crystallization, e.g., following thermal exposure at 633 K or more, was found to result in a drastic reduction in fracture toughness to ;1 MPaAm, i.e., comparable with silica glass. The fully amorphous alloy was also found to be susceptible to fatigue-crack growth under cyclic loading, with growth-rate properties comparable to that of ductile crystalline metallic alloys, such as high-strength steels or aluminum alloys; no such fatigue was seen in the partially or fully crystallized alloys which behaved like very brittle ceramics. Possible micromechanical mechanisms for such behavior are discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics. @S0003-6951~97!03730-3#
Long-term experience with endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of juvenile recurrent parotitis.

PURPOSE
Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterized by intermittent swelling of one or both parotid glands simultaneously or on different occasions. The peak incidence of JRP is between the ages of 3 and 6 years, with predominance among males. The etiology and mechanism are still unknown. The diagnosis is made on a clinical basis and is confirmed by ultrasonography or sialography. Our objective was to present our long-term experience with endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of JRP.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this clinical review we report our long-term experience in 70 children who were treated by a combined minimally invasive endoscopic method. Another 5 patients with adult-type JRP were included in the study.


RESULTS
In 93% of the patients a single treatment was enough to resolve this phenomenon and prevent its recurrence.


CONCLUSION
Sialoendoscopy and lavage of the parotid gland comprise the treatment of choice for JRP, achieving a high success rate with minimal morbidity.
DNS tunneling detection through statistical fingerprints of protocol messages and machine learning

The use of covert-channel methods to bypass security policies has increased considerably in the recent years. Malicious users neutralize security restriction by encapsulating protocols like peer-to-peer, chat or http proxy into other allowed protocols like Domain Name Server (DNS) or HTTP. This paper illustrates a machine learning approach to detect one particular covert-channel technique: DNS tunneling. Despite packet inspection may guarantee reliable intrusion detection in this context, it may suffer of scalability performance when a large set of sockets should be monitored in real time. Detecting the presence of DNS intruders by an aggregation-based monitoring is of main interest as it avoids packet inspection, thus preserving privacy and scalability. The proposed monitoring mechanism looks at simple statistical properties of protocol messages, such as statistics of packets inter-arrival times and of packets sizes. The analysis is complicated by two drawbacks: silent intruders (generating small statistical variations of legitimate traffic) and quick statistical fingerprints generation (to obtain a detection tool really applicable in the field). Results from experiments conducted on a live network are obtained by replicating individual detections over successive samples over time and by making a global decision through a majority voting scheme. The technique overcomes traditional classifier limitations. An insightful analysis of the performance leads to discover a unique intrusion detection tool, applicable in the presence of different tunneled applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Migration: Its Various Mechanisms and Different Theories that Try to Explain It

The paper consists of two parts. The first reviews an appraisal of the contemporary theories of international migration. Among older theories, the push-and-pull model, the segmented labour market theory, world-system theory, and the political economy model are examined as macro-level explanatory approaches, and, at the micro-level, the neoclassical economic (otherwise known as rational choice) theory, human capital theory, new economics of migration, migration network or social capital theory, and the cumulative causation model are examined. The second part presents an encompassing theoretical approach, migration as structuration process, and identifies its advantages over other models. This approach is then comparatively applied to eight immigrant groups chosen as case studies.
Effects of buprenorphine on behavioral tests for antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs in mice

Buprenorphine (BPN) has been shown to rapidly improve mood in treatment-resistant depressed patients in small clinical studies. However, BPN’s effects in preclinical tests for mood and antidepressant efficacy are largely unexplored. The current study examined the effects of BPN in the forced swim test (FST) and novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) test as measures of antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects in C57BL/6 J mice. Microdialysis was used to measure whether BPN engaged kappa-opioid receptor (KORs) in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) at a behaviorally active dose (0.25 mg/kg). BPN was tested in the FST at both 30 min and 24 h post-administration. Also measured in the FST at 24 h post-administration were the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI), the MOR agonist morphine and the reference antidepressant desipramine. The anxiolytic effects of BPN were examined in the NIH test 24 h after treatment. The effects of acute injection of BPN and the KOR agonist U50,488 were measured on extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the NAcSh. BPN produced significant reductions in FST immobility without changing locomotor activity and reduced approach latencies in the novel environment of the NIH test when tested 24 h after treatment. Repeated daily BPN injections for 6 days did not produce tolerance to these behavioral effects. nor-BNI produced a similar antidepressant-like response in the FST 24 h post-injection but morphine and desipramine were ineffective. BPN (0.25 mg/kg) did not alter DA levels when given alone but prevented the KOR agonist U50,488 from reducing DA levels. Acute and subchronic treatment with BPN produced antidepressant and anxiolytic-like responses in mice at doses that engage KORs. These studies support the clinical evidence that BPN may be a novel rapid-acting antidepressant medication and provides rodent models for investigating associated neurochemical mechanisms.
Sparse reconstruction of time-frequency representation using the fractional Fourier transform

This paper describes a novel method to approximate instantaneous frequency of non-stationary signals through an application of fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). FRFT enables us to build a compact and accurate chirp dictionary for each windowed signal, thus the proposed approach offers improved computational efficiency, and good performance when compared with chirp atom method.
A lower limb exoskeleton control system based on steady state visual evoked potentials.

OBJECTIVE
We have developed an asynchronous brain-machine interface (BMI)-based lower limb exoskeleton control system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs).


APPROACH
By decoding electroencephalography signals in real-time, users are able to walk forward, turn right, turn left, sit, and stand while wearing the exoskeleton. SSVEP stimulation is implemented with a visual stimulation unit, consisting of five light emitting diodes fixed to the exoskeleton. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method for the extraction of frequency information associated with the SSVEP was used in combination with k-nearest neighbors.


MAIN RESULTS
Overall, 11 healthy subjects participated in the experiment to evaluate performance. To achieve the best classification, CCA was first calibrated in an offline experiment. In the subsequent online experiment, our results exhibit accuracies of 91.3 ± 5.73%, a response time of 3.28 ± 1.82 s, an information transfer rate of 32.9 ± 9.13 bits/min, and a completion time of 1100 ± 154.92 s for the experimental parcour studied.


SIGNIFICANCE
The ability to achieve such high quality BMI control indicates that an SSVEP-based lower limb exoskeleton for gait assistance is becoming feasible.
The Fraud Diamond : Considering the Four Elements of Fraud

Despite intense efforts to stamp out corruption, misappropriation of assets, and fraudulent financial reporting, it appears that fraud in its various forms is a problem that is increasing in frequency and severity. KPMG’s Fraud Survey 2003 documented a marked increase in overall fraud levels since its 1998 survey, with employee fraud by far the most common type of fraud. The 2003 survey also noted that fraudulent financial reporting had more than doubled from 1998. This trend is consistent with the unprecedented recent spate of large accounting frauds (Enron, WorldCom), as well as the increased number of accounting restatements and SEC enforcement actions in recent years. (See 2003 Annual Review of Financial Reporting Matters by the Huron Consulting Group and the SEC’s Report Pursuant to Section 704 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.)
Comparing classification techniques for predicting essential hypertension

Hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke. In this study, performance of classification techniques is compared in order to predict the risk of essential hypertension disease. A retrospective analysis was performed in 694 subjects (452 patients and 242 controls). We compared performances of three decision trees, four statistical algorithms, and two neural networks. Predictor variables were age, sex, family history of hypertension, smoking habits, lipoprotein (a), triglyceride, uric acid, total cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI). Classification techniques were grouped using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The data points appeared to cluster in three groups. The first cluster included MLP and RBF. Furthermore CART which was more similar than other techniques linked this cluster. The second cluster included FDA/MARS (degreeZ1), LR and QUEST, but FDA/MARS (degreeZ1) and LR was more similar than QUEST. The third cluster included FDA/MARS (degreeZ2), CHAID and FDA, but FDA/MARS (degreeZ2) and CHAID was more similar than FDA. MLP and RBF which are one each of neural networks procedures, performed better than other techniques in predicting hypertension. QUEST had a lesser performance than other techniques. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Forecasting wind speed using empirical mode decomposition and Elman neural network

Because of the chaotic nature and intrinsic complexity of wind speed, it is difficult to describe the moving tendency of wind speed and accurately forecast it. In our study, a novel EMD–ENN approach, a hybrid of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Elman neural network (ENN), is proposed to forecast wind speed. First, the original wind speed datasets are decomposed into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue by EMD, yielding relatively stationary sub-series that can be readily modeled by neural networks. Second, both IMF components and residue are applied to establish the corresponding ENN models. Then, each sub-series is predicted using the corresponding ENN. Finally, the prediction values of the original wind speed datasets are calculated by the sum of the forecasting values of every sub-series. Moreover, in the ENN modeling process, the neuron number of the input layer is determined by ACF ybrid model a partial autocorrelation function. Four prediction cases of wind speed are used to test the performance of the proposed hybrid approach. Compared with the persistent model, back-propagation neural network, and ENN, the simulation results show that the proposed EMD–ENN model consistently has the minimum statistical error of the mean absolute error, mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed approach is suitable for wind speed prediction. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Consumer Behaviour: a Literature Review Consumer Behaviour: a Literature Review Consumer Behaviour: a Literature Review Consumer Behaviour: a Literature Review

In order to develop a framework for the study consumer behaviour it is helpful to begin by considering the evolution of the field of consumer research and the different paradigms of thought that have influenced the discipline. As described in this article, a set of dimensions can be identified in the literature, which can be used to characterize and differentiate, the various perspectives on consumer research. It is argued that consumer behaviour itself emerged as a distinct field of study during the 1960s; and is characterized by two broad paradigms, the positivist and the non-positivist. The positivist paradigm encompasses the economic, behavioural, cognitive, motivational/trait/attitudinal, and situational perspectives; these perspectives are referred to as the traditional perspectives as they pre-date the development of the non-positivist paradigm. The positivist paradigm, which is still the dominant paradigm, emphasizes the supremacy of human reason and that there is a single, objective truth that can be discovered by science. This paradigm regards the world as a rational and ordered place with a clearly defined past, present, and future. The assumption of rationalism is therefore fundamental to the traditional perspective. The opposing, non-positivist paradigm, envelops the interpretive and postmodern perspectives, which have emerged more recently during the period post-1980 to date. The proponents of this emerging perspective argue that positivism overemphasizes the rational view and the ideology of a homogenous social culture and thereby denies the complex social and cultural world in which consumers live. This paradigm instead stresses, the importance of symbolic and subjective experience and the idea that consumers construct meanings based on unique and shared cultural experiences, and thus there can be no single unified world view. Unsurprisingly, the two paradigms differ in their views on the benefits derived from consumption and the objectives that underscore consumer research. The traditional, positivist perspective takes a very utilitarian approach to the benefits from consumption. While the non-positivist perspectives place much greater emphasis on the symbolic dimensions of choice. The objective of non-positivist research endeavour is to achieve a better understanding of consumer behaviour with no specific intent to influence consumer processes. Conversely, outcomes of positivist research are directed toward advancing the goals of marketing practice. By identifying the paradigmatic shifts within the field, this article aims to identify different streams of thought that could guide future consumer research.