LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Stress Classification With Pupil Diameter Analysis

is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This article proposes a method based on wavelet transform and neural networks for relating pupillary behavior to psychological stress. The proposed method was tested by recording pupil diameter and electrodermal activity during a simulated driving task. Self-report measures were also collected. Participants performed a baseline run with the driving task only, followed by three stress runs where they were required to perform the driving task along with sound alerts, the presence of two human evaluators, and both. Self-reports and pupil diameter successfully indexed stress manipulation, and significant correlations were found between these measures. However, electrodermal activity did not vary accordingly. After training, the four-way parallel neu-ral network classifier could guess whether a given unknown pupil diameter signal came from one of the four experimental trials with 79.2% precision. The present study shows that pupil diameter signal has good discriminating power for stress detection. 1. INTRODUCTION Stress detection and measurement are important issues in several human–computer interaction domains such as Affective Computing, Adaptive Automation, and Ambient Intelligence. In general, researchers and system designers seek to estimate the psychological state of operators in order to adapt or redesign the working environment accordingly (Sauter, 1991). The primary goal of such adaptation is to enhance overall system performance, trying to reduce workers' psychophysi-cal detriment (e. One key aspect of stress measurement concerns the recording of physiological parameters, which are known to be modulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, despite
Drug-exposed infants and developmental outcome: effects of a home intervention and ongoing maternal drug use.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of a home intervention and ongoing maternal drug use on the developmental outcome of drug-exposed infants.


DESIGN
Longitudinal randomized cohort study of a home intervention with substance-abusing mothers and their infants. Mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group at 2 weeks' post partum. Control families received brief monthly tracking visits. Intervention families received weekly home visits from 0 to 6 months and biweekly visits from 6 to 18 months by trained lay visitors.


PARTICIPANTS
One hundred eight low-income, inner-city, drug-exposed children (control, 54; intervention, 54) who underwent developmental testing at 6, 12, and 18 months post partum and who remained with their biological mothers through 18 months.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Infant scores from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at 6, 12, and 18 months post partum. Maternal report of drug use during the pregnancy and ongoing drug use through 18 months post partum was assessed.


RESULTS
In the repeated-measures analyses, intervention infants had significantly higher BSID Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores than control infants. Ongoing maternal cocaine and/or heroin use was associated with lower MDI scores. Finally, MDI scores decreased significantly in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Ongoing maternal drug use is associated with worse developmental outcomes among a group of drug-exposed infants. A home intervention led to higher BSID scores among drug-exposed infants. However, BSID MDI scores decreased during the first 18 months post partum among inner-city, low-socioeconomic-status infants in the present study.
A neural-network algorithm for a graph layout problem

We present a neural-network algorithm for minimizing edge crossings in drawings of nonplanar graphs. This is an important subproblem encountered in graph layout. The algorithm finds either the minimum number of crossings or an approximation thereof and also provides a linear embedding realizing the number of crossings found. The parallel time complexity of the algorithm is O(1) for a neural network with n(2) processing elements, where n is the number of vertices of the graph. We present results from testing a sequential simulator of the algorithm on a set of nonplanar graphs and compare its performance with the heuristic of Nicholson.
Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices

Personalized sensor networks optionally should include wearable sensors or a body area network (BAN) wirelessly connected to a home computer or a remote computer through long-distance devices, such as a personal digital assistant or a mobile phone. While long-distance data transmission can typically be performed only by using the batteries as a power supply, the sensors with a short-distance wireless link can be powered autonomously. The idea of a self-powered device is not new and is actually known for centuries. The earliest example of self-powered wearable device is the self-winding watch invented in about 1770. However, typically not much energy is harvested in a small device, so that use of a battery, primary or rechargeable, is beneficial from practical point of view. There are worldwide efforts ongoing on development of microgenerators that should eliminate the necessity of wiring and batteries in autonomous and stand-alone devices or in devices that are difficult to access. Energy harvesters are being developed for the same purpose. An energy harvester (also called an energy scavenger) is a relatively small power generator that does not require fossil fuel. Instead, it uses energy available in the ambient, such as an electromagnetic energy, vibrations, a wind, a water flow, and a thermal energy. These sources are the same as those used in power plants or power generators such as the ones for powering houses in remote locations, light towers, spacecrafts, and on transport (except those based on fossil fuels). An energy harvester is typically several-to-one centimeter-size power microplant that converts into electricity any primary energy that is available in the ambient. The reason to call them “harvesters” or “scavengers” is the new application area: they are used for powering small devices, such as sensors or sensor nodes. This way of powering them eliminates the need for cost-ineffective work, such as wiring or either
Chapter 1 Fish Cytokines and Immune Response

The immune system can be defined as a complex system that protects the organism against organisms or substances that might cause infection or disease. One of the most fascinating characteristics of the immune system is its capability to recognize and respond to pathogens with significant specificity. Innate and adaptive immune responses are able to recognize for‐ eign structures and trigger different molecular and cellular mechanisms for antigen elimina‐ tion. The immune response is critical to all individuals; therefore numerous changes have taken place during evolution to generate variability and specialization, although the im‐ mune system has conserved some important features over millions of years of evolution that are common for all species. The emergence of new taxonomic categories coincided with the diversification of the immune response. Most notably, the emergence of vertebrates coincid‐ ed with the development of a novel type of immune response. Apparently, vertebrates in‐ herited innate immunity from their invertebrate ancestors [1].
Vulnerable Elderly Survey 13 as a screening method for frailty in Polish elderly surgical patient--prospective study.

UNLABELLED
The Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) is a simple function based frailty screening tool that can be also administered by the nonclinical personnel within 5 minutes and has been validated in the out- and in patient clinic and acute medical care settings. The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the VES-13 screening method for predicting the frailty syndrome based on a CGA in polish surgical patients.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
We included prospectively 106 consecutive patients ≥65, that qualify for abdominal surgery (both due to oncological and benign reasons), at the tertiary referral hospital.We evaluated the diagnostic performance of VES-13 score comparing to the results from the CGA, accepted as the gold standard for identifying at risk frail elderly patients.


RESULTS
The prevalence of frailty as diagnosed by CGA was 59.4%. There was significantly higher number of frail patients in the oncological group (78% vs. 31%; p<0.01). According to the frailty screening methods, the frailty prevalence was 45.3%. The VES-13 score had a 60% sensitivity and 78% specificity in detecting frailty syndrome. The positive and negative predictive value was 81% and 57%, respectively. The overall predictive capacity was intermediate (AUC=0.69) CONCLUSIONS: At present, the VES-13 screening tool for older patients cannot replace the comprehensive geriatric assessment; this is due to the insufficient discriminative power to select patients for further assessment. It might be helpful in a busy clinical practice and in facilities that do not have trained personal for geriatric assessment.
Evolutionary training of hardware realizable multilayer perceptrons

The use of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) with threshold functions (binary step function activations) greatly reduces the complexity of the hardware implementation of neural networks, provides tolerance to noise and improves the interpretation of the internal representations. In certain case, such as in learning stationary tasks, it may be sufficient to find appropriate weights for an MLP with threshold activation functions by software simulation and, then, transfer the weight values to the hardware implementation. Efficient training of these networks is a subject of considerable ongoing research. Methods available in the literature mainly focus on two-state (threshold) nodes and try to train the networks by approximating the gradient of the error function and modifying appropriately the gradient descent, or by progressively altering the shape of the activation functions. In this paper, we propose an evolution-motivated approach, which is eminently suitable for networks with threshold functions and compare its performance with four other methods. The proposed evolutionary strategy does not need gradient related information, it is applicable to a situation where threshold activations are used from the beginning of the training, as in “on-chip” training, and is able to train networks with integer weights.
Temperature rise after peginterferon alfa-2a injection in patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with virological response and is modulated by IL28B genotype.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C is associated with non-specific symptoms including fever. We aimed to determine the association of temperature changes with interferon antiviral activity.


METHODS
60 treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C (67% genotype 1/4/6, 33% genotype 2/3) were admitted to start peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in a clinical trial. Temperature was measured at baseline and 3 times daily for the first 24h and the maximal increase from baseline during that time (ΔTmax) was determined. Serum HCV-RNA, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs - CD274, ISG15, RSAD2, IRF7, CXCL10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured at very early time points, and response kinetics calculated. The IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism, rs12979860, was genotyped.


RESULTS
Temperatures rose by 1.2±0.8°C, peaking after 12.5h. ΔTmax was strongly associated with 1st phase virological decline (r=0.59, p<0.0001) and was independent of gender, cirrhosis, viral genotype or baseline HCV-RNA. The association with 1st phase decline was seen in patients with rs12979860CC genotype (r = 0.65, p <0.0001) but not in CT/TT (r = 0.13, p = 0.53) and patients with CC genotype had a higher DTmax (1.4 ± 0.8 C vs. 0.8 ± 0.6 +C, p = 0.001). DTmax was associated with 6- and 24-h induction of serum IP-10 and of PBMC ISG expression, but only in patients with rs12979860CC [corrected].ΔTmax weakly predicted early virological response (AUC=0.68, CI 0.49-0.88).


CONCLUSIONS
Temperature rise following peginterferon injection is closely associated with virological response and is modulated by IL28B polymorphism, reflecting host interferon-responsiveness.
Estimating the population density of Mongolian gazelles Procapra gutturosa by driving long-distance transects

varied from 10.7 gazelles km−2 in spring to 11.5 gazelles km−2 in autumn, with total population estimates of 803,820 (483,790–1,330,100 95% confidence interval) and 870,625 (499,432–1,491,278 95% confidence interval), respectively. Confidence limits were wide, and to obtain a coefficient of variation of 20%, transect lengths would need to be extended threeto four-fold. Until more efficient means for conducting population surveys can be implemented, driving long-distance transects, combined with distance analysis, seem to provide the best quantitative estimate of Mongolian gazelle populations.
Diet quality and diet patterns in relation to circulating cardiometabolic biomarkers.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
We examined the effects of diet quality and dietary patterns in relation to biomarkers of risk including leptin, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and irisin.


METHODS
We analyzed data from 196 adults cross-sectionally. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and diet quality scores were generated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire.


RESULTS
Both the alternate healthy eating index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores were negatively related to CRP, even after controlling for body mass index and total energy intake. Similarly, the prudent diet pattern was negatively related to leptin, sICAM-1, and CRP, whereas the Western diet pattern showed positive associations with these markers; however, after adjusting for all confounders, the associations only remained significant for leptin and sICAM-1. Irisin was positively associated with DASH and the prudent diet after controlling for all confounders (standardized β = 0.23, P = 0.030; standardized β = 0.25, P = 0.021, respectively). Irisin showed positive associations with increasing fruit consumption, whereas the levels of irisin decreased as meat consumption increased.


CONCLUSIONS
Irisin was directly associated with healthy diet types and patterns. Further studies regarding these mechanisms are warranted. This trial is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01853332.
Evaluation of the effect of temperature , concentration and volume of serum complement on alternative complement pathway activity in koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio koi )

Azadeh Yektaseresht1*, Amin Gholamhosseini2 , Ali Janparvar3 1*Department of Pathobiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University, Shiraz; Iran. *Corresponding author: Azadeh Yektaseresht, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz; Iran.
Genie: A new, fast, and outlier-resistant hierarchical clustering algorithm

The time needed to apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm is most often dominated by the number of computations of a pairwise dissimilarity measure. Such a constraint, for larger data sets, puts at a disadvantage the use of all the classical linkage criteria but the single linkage one. However, it is known that the single linkage clustering algorithm is very sensitive to outliers, produces highly skewed dendrograms, and therefore usually does not reflect the true underlying data structure – unless the clusters are well-separated. To overcome its limitations, we propose a new hierarchical clustering linkage criterion called Genie. Namely, our algorithm links two clusters in such a way that a chosen economic inequity measure (e.g., the Ginior Bonferroni-index) of the cluster sizes does not increase drastically above a given threshold. The presented benchmarks indicate a high practical usefulness of the introduced method: it most often outperforms the Ward or average linkage in terms of the clustering quality while retaining the single linkage speed. The Genie algorithm is easily parallelizable and thus may be run on multiple threads to speed up its execution further on. Its memory overhead is small: there is no need to precompute the complete distance matrix to perform the computations in order to obtain a desired clustering. It can be applied on arbitrary spaces equipped with a dissimilarity measure, e.g., on real vectors, DNA or protein sequences, images, rankings, informetric data, etc. A reference implementation of the algorithm has been included in the open source genie package for R. Please cite this paper as: Gagolewski M., Bartoszuk M., Cena A., Genie: A new, fast, and outlier-resistant hierarchical clustering algorithm, Information Sciences 363, 2016, pp. 8–23, doi:10.1016/j.ins.2016.05.003.
AN MR BRAIN IMAGES CLASSIFIER VIA PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND KERNEL SUPPORT

Automated and accurate classification of MR brain images is extremely important for medical analysis and interpretation. Over the last decade numerous methods have already been proposed. In this paper, we presented a novel method to classify a given MR brain image as normal or abnormal. The proposed method first employed wavelet transform to extract features from images, followed by applying principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of features. The reduced features were submitted to a kernel support vector machine (KSVM). The strategy of Kfold stratified cross validation was used to enhance generalization of KSVM. We chose seven common brain diseases (glioma, meningioma, Alzheimer’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease plus visual agnosia, Pick’s disease, sarcoma, and Huntington’s disease) as abnormal brains, and collected 160 MR brain images (20 normal and 140 abnormal) from Harvard Medical School website. We performed our proposed methods with four different kernels, and found that the GRB kernel achieves the highest classification accuracy as 99.38%. The LIN, HPOL, and IPOL kernel achieves 95%, 96.88%, and 98.12%, respectively. We also compared our method to those from literatures in the last decade, and the results showed our DWT+PCA+KSVM with GRB kernel still achieved the best accurate classification results. The averaged processing time for a 256× 256 size image on a laptop of P4 IBM with 3GHz processor and 2 GB RAM is 0.0448 s. From the experimental data, our method was effective and rapid. It could be applied to the field of MR brain image classification and can assist the doctors to diagnose where a patient is normal or abnormal to certain degrees. Received 14 June 2012, Accepted 23 July 2012, Scheduled 19 August 2012 * Corresponding author: Yudong Zhang (zhangyudongnuaa@gmail.com).
How far did we get in face spoofing detection?

The growing use of control access systems based on face recognition shed light over the need for even more accurate systems to detect face spoofing attacks. In this paper, an extensive analysis on face spoofing detection works published in the last decade is presented. The analyzed works are categorized by their fundamental parts, i.e., descriptors and classifiers. This structured survey also brings a comparative performance analysis of the works considering the most important public data sets in the field. The methodology followed in this work is particularly relevant to observe temporal evolution of the field, trends in the existing approaches, Corresponding author: Luciano Oliveira, tel. +55 71 3283-9472 Email addresses: luiz.otavio@ufba.br (Luiz Souza), lrebouca@ufba.br (Luciano Oliveira), mauricio@dcc.ufba.br (Mauricio Pamplona), papa@fc.unesp.br (Joao Papa) to discuss still opened issues, and to propose new perspectives for the future of face spoofing detection.
Study on Bluetooth technology and its access to BACnet

Bluetooth technology is now widely used in wireless application systems; however, wireless access service is not involved in BACnet. This paper proposes a design of Bluetooth/BACnet gateway after analyzing the architecture of Bluetooth and BACnet, and gives the implementation of the gateway based on MCU LPC2210(ARM7).
The international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury: relationship between S4-5 dermatome testing and anorectal testing

Study design:Prospective cross-sectional multicenter study.Objective:To evaluate the correlation, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of S4-5 dermatome and the anorectal examination for determination of sacral sparing in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examination.Setting:Two tertiary hospitals that specialize in pediatric spinal cord injuries.Methods:In all, 189 patients who were at minimum 3 month after spinal cord injury participated in complete ISNCSCI examinations. All examiners completed training for the proper completion of the ISNCSCI examination. Correlations and sensitivity/specificity analyses were conducted between S4-5 dermatome testing and the anorectal examination. Results were analyzed by age of patient, examiner, tetraplegia/paraplegia classification and injury level (T10-S3, L1-S3 and S3).Results:The correlation between S4-5 dermatome and anorectal sensation was moderate (0.62, P<0.001). Using the anorectal examination as the gold standard, the sensitivity of S4-5 testing was 0.60 (0.49, 70) and specificity was 0.96 (0.90, 0.99). No single age group, tester, level, or type of injury differed from the overall result.Conclusion:In the pediatric population, the correlation between S4-5 and anorectal sensation was lower than anticipated. The sensitivity of 0.62 for S4-5 testing and diminished sensation between T10 and S3 suggests that anorectal testing may either be a more sensitive representation of S4-5 function or activate an alternative neuronal pathway that is perceived by the patient. Further investigation into the validity of the sacral sparing components of the ISNCSCI examination is warranted.
Epidural analgesia is superior to local infiltration analgesia in children with cerebral palsy undergoing unilateral hip reconstruction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Treatment of postoperative pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a major challenge. We investigated the effect of epidural analgesia, high-volume local infiltration analgesia (LIA), and an approximated placebo control on early postoperative pain in children with CP who were undergoing unilateral hip reconstruction.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 2009 and 2014, we included 18 children with CP. The first part of the study was a randomized double-blind trial with allocation to either LIA or placebo for postoperative pain management, in addition to intravenous or oral analgesia. In the second part of the study, the children were consecutively included for postoperative pain management with epidural analgesia in addition to intravenous or oral analgesia. The primary outcome was postoperative pain 4 h postoperatively using 2 pain assessment tools (r-FLACC and VAS-OBS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome was opioid consumption over the 21-h study period.


RESULTS
The mean level of pain 4 h postoperatively was lower in the epidural group (r-FLACC: 0.7; VAS-OBS: 0.6) than in both the LIA group (r-FLACC: 4.8, p = 0.01; VAS-OBS: 5.2, p = 0.02) and the placebo group (r-FLACC: 5.2, p = 0.01; VAS-OBS: 6.5, p < 0.001). Corrected for body weight, the mean opioid consumption was lower in the epidural group than in the LIA group and the placebo group (both p < 0.001).


INTERPRETATION
Epidural analgesia is superior to local infiltration analgesia for early postoperative pain management in children with cerebral palsy who undergo unilateral hip reconstruction.