LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ensuring cultural sensitivity for Muslim patients in the Australian ICU: considerations for care.

Australia is a diverse and multicultural nation, made up of a population with a predominant Christian faith. Islam, the second largest religion in the world, has demonstrated significant growth in Australia in the last decade. Coming from various countries of origin and cultural backgrounds, Muslim beliefs can range from what is considered 'traditional' to very 'liberal'. It is neither possible nor practical for every intensive care clinician to have an intimate understanding of Islam and Muslim practices, and cultural variations amongst Muslims will mean that not all beliefs/practices will be applicable to all Muslims. However, being open and flexible in the way that care is provided and respectful of the needs of Muslim patients and their families is essential to providing culturally sensitive care. This discussion paper aims to describe the Islamic faith in terms of Islamic teachings, beliefs and common practices, considering how this impacts upon the perception of illness, the family unit and how it functions, decision-making and care preferences, particularly at the end of life in the intensive care unit.
Particle motion driven by solute gradients with application to autonomous motion: continuum and colloidal perspectives

Diffusiophoresis, the motion of a particle in response to an externally imposed concentration gradient of a solute species, is analysed from both the traditional coarse-grained macroscopic (i.e. continuum) perspective and from a fine-grained micromechanical level in which the particle and the solute are treated on the same footing as Brownian particles dispersed in a solvent. It is shown that although the two approaches agree when the solute is much smaller in size than the phoretic particle and is present at very dilute concentrations, the micromechanical colloidal perspective relaxes these restrictions and applies to any size ratio and any concentration of solute. The different descriptions also provide different mechanical analyses of phoretic motion. At the continuum level the macroscopic hydrodynamic stress and interactive force with the solute sum to give zero total force, a condition for phoretic motion. At the colloidal level, the particle’s motion is shown to have two contributions: (i) a ‘backflow’ contribution composed of the motion of the particle due to the solute chemical potential gradient force acting on it and a compensating fluid motion driven by the long-range hydrodynamic velocity disturbance caused by the chemical potential gradient force acting on all the solute particles and (ii) an indirect contribution arising from the mutual interparticle and Brownian forces on the solute and phoretic particle, that contribution being non-zero because the distribution of solute about the phoretic particle is driven out of equilibrium by the chemical potential gradient of the solute. At the colloidal level the forces acting on the phoretic particle – both the statistical or ‘thermodynamic’ chemical potential gradient and Brownian forces and the interparticle force – are balanced by the Stokes drag of the solvent to give the net phoretic velocity. For a particle undergoing self-phoresis or autonomous motion, as can result from chemical reactions occurring asymmetrically on a particle surface, e.g. catalytic nanomotors, there is no imposed chemical potential gradient and the backflow contribution is absent. Only the indirect Brownian and interparticle forces contribution is responsible for the motion. The velocity of the particle resulting from this contribution can be written in terms of a mobility times the integral of the local ‘solute pressure’ – the solute concentration times the thermal energy – over the surface of contact between the particle and the solute. This was the approach taken by Córdova-Figueroa & Brady (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, 2008, 158303) in their analysis of self-propulsion. It is shown that full hydrodynamic interactions can be incorporated into their analysis by a simple scale factor.
Combined Radial-Axial Magnetic Bearing for a 1 kW, 500,000 rpm Permanent Magnet Machine

Ultra-high-speed and high-power-density drives are attracting much interest in today's industry. For instance, there are several investigations into mesoscale gas turbine generator systems and turbocompressors for fuel cells. In all ultra-high-speed machinery the bearing is a key technology. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design of a 500,000 rpm active magnetic bearing suitable for use in a 1 kW PM machine to complete an ultra-high-speed electrical drive system. The design procedure selects the suitable magnetic bearing type to keep the system compact and small. The electromagnetic characteristics are determined, the results for the rotor dynamic analysis are presented and the air friction losses caused by the high frequency operation are evaluated. The final design is a combined radial-axial magnetic bearing with a volume of 50 cm3.
Similarity Analysis of Patent Claims Using Natural Language Processing Techniques

Claims typically found at the end of a patent document are one of the key elements of a patent and define the boundaries or scope of protection conferred by a patent. Claims of related patents also need to be read and reviewed carefully by an inventor or a patent attorney at the time of drafting a patent application. We present a method and a tool to do a claim similarity analysis between two different patents based on natural language processing techniques. The technique proposed in this paper relies on computing similarity between two claims based on syntactic and semantic matching of the natural language text describing the claims. We present results of experiments performed on patent claim data obtained from patents published on Google patents website. The motivation behind the research presented in this paper is to build patent processing tools to increase the overall productivity of a patent analyst or a patent attorney while doing claims infringement, validity and quality analysis.
Omega-3 fatty acid-, micronutrient-, and probiotic-enriched nutrition helps body weight stabilization in head and neck cancer cachexia.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether an oral nutritional supplement enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, and probiotics affected body weight (BW) changes, serum albumin and prealbumin levels in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) cachexia.


STUDY DESIGN
Sixty-eight HNC patients were randomly assigned to receive either an Ethanwell/Ethanzyme (EE) regimen enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, and probiotics, or control (Isocal) for a 3-month period. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the association between BW change and variables.


RESULTS
Patients with body mass index (BMI) <19 and those receiving the EE regimen consumed fewer daily calories but showed significantly increased BW and maintained higher serum albumin and prealbumin levels than other patients (P<.05). Their BW changes were significantly associated with changes in serum albumin and prealbumin levels.


CONCLUSIONS
EE regimen improved BW as well as serum albumin and prealbumin levels in HNC patients with BMI <19.
Control de una planta no lineal de temperatura con redes neuronales

Control de una planta no lineal de temperatura con redes neuronales Control of a no lineal temperature plant with neural networks Abstra ct— In t h is wor k a comp a r ison a p p ea r s b et ween a convention al control and an intelligent control, the controller s developed are a control PID and a control with neural networks for a thermal system, inside the project " Didactic Control Module ­ MODICO". In the first part of the article, the exposition of the mathema tical model of the plant is showed, and the model by means of parametr ic identifica tion of the temper ature plant is realized with least mean square, these models are used for the controller' s characterization. The identification is realized taken information of the plant by means of the card NI ­6259 card and the LabVIEW interface. For the conventional control, a control PID is designed by means of the method root locus. The control neuronal was implemented with NARM A­L2 neur al networ ks; this net has four neurons, two in the secret layer, one in the layer of entry and one in the layer of exit. The network neuronal is trained with six different training algorithms, once the network trained, the best training method is selected and the system is validated with the control PID and the neural control. control que ha sido fuente de investigación desde 1970, [14].
Design and Applications of a 300–800 MHz Tunable Matching Network

In this paper, the optimized design, characterization and applications of a broadband 300-800 MHz (~ 91% fractional bandwidth) digitally-controlled tunable matching network is presented. The design employs PIN diodes as switching components and a repetitive structure of basic cells using lumped reactive elements. After an intensive and complex optimization process, a Smith chart coverage (return losses better than 10 dB and losses lower than 2 dB) above 60% is obtained in all the bandwidth reaching 75% in the middle of the band (400-700 MHz). The potential of the manufactured tunable matching network for antenna mismatch compensation, antenna bandwidth extension and power amplifier efficiency improvement in back-off is showed.
Lessons from case studies of integrating mental health into primary health care in South Africa and Uganda

BACKGROUND
While decentralized and integrated primary mental healthcare forms the core of mental health policies in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), implementation remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to understand how the use of a common implementation framework could assist in the integration of mental health into primary healthcare in Ugandan and South African district demonstration sites. The foci and form of the services developed differed across the country sites depending on the service gaps and resources available. South Africa focused on reducing the service gap for common mental disorders and Uganda, for severe mental disorders.


METHOD
A qualitative post-intervention process evaluation using focus group and individual interviews with key stakeholders was undertaken in both sites. The emergent data was analyzed using framework analysis.


RESULTS
Sensitization of district management authorities and the establishment of community collaborative multi-sectoral forums assisted in improving political will to strengthen mental health services in both countries. Task shifting using community health workers emerged as a promising strategy for improving access to services and help seeking behaviour in both countries. However, in Uganda, limited application of task shifting to identification and referral, as well as limited availability of psychotropic medication and specialist mental health personnel, resulted in a referral bottleneck. To varying degrees, community-based self-help groups showed potential for empowering service users and carers to become more self sufficient and less dependent on overstretched healthcare systems. They also showed potential for promoting social inclusion and addressing stigma, discrimination and human rights abuses of people with mental disorders in both country sites.


CONCLUSIONS
A common implementation framework incorporating a community collaborative multi-sectoral, task shifting and self-help approach to integrating mental health into primary healthcare holds promise for closing the treatment gap for mental disorders in LMICs at district level. However, a minimum number of mental health specialists are still required to provide supervision of non-specialists as well as specialized referral treatment services.
Exendin-4 is effective against metabolic disorders induced by intrauterine and postnatal overnutrition in rodents

Maternal obesity leads to increased adiposity, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance in offspring. The analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, exendin-4 (Ex-4), has been shown to induce weight loss in both adolescence and adulthood. We hypothesised that, in rats, daily injection of Ex-4 would reduce body fat and improve metabolic disorders in offspring from obese dams, especially those consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed chow or an HFD for 5 weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation. At postnatal day 20, male pups from HFD-fed mothers were weaned onto chow or HFD and those from chow-fed mothers were fed chow. Within each dietary group, half of the pups were injected with Ex-4 (15 μg/kg/day i.p.) for 6 weeks, while the other half received saline. Maternal obesity alone or combined with postweaning HFD consumption led to increased adiposity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, inflammation and impaired regulation of hypothalamic appetite regulators by glucose in offspring, while glucose intolerance was only observed in HFD-fed rats from obese dams. Ex-4 injection significantly reduced adiposity, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats from obese dams. It also restored glucose tolerance and the lipid-lowering effect of blood glucose. However, Ex-4 did not change hypothalamic appetite regulation or the response of appetite regulators to hyperglycaemia. Liver and adipose inflammatory cytokine expression was significantly reduced by Ex-4. Ex-4 reversed the detrimental impact of maternal obesity on lipid and glucose metabolism in offspring regardless of diet, supporting its potential application in reducing metabolic disorders in high-risk populations.
ω-3 Fatty acids have no impact on serum lactate levels after major gastric cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND
Preoperative and intraoperative nutrition support in patients undergoing major surgery results in decreased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies investigating the role of ω-3 fatty acids in these patients are increasing. Some are focused on perfusion at the cellular level. This study was undertaken to address the effect of postoperative administration of ω-3 fatty acids on cellular hypoperfusion associated with major gastric surgery.


METHODS
Twenty-six patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with a combination of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (Omegaven, 0.2 g/kg/d; Lipovenoes 10%, 0.6 g/kg/d) or with ω-6 fatty acid (Lipovenoes 10%, 0.8 g/kg/d) for 5 days. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, postoperative day 1, and on the last day of PN therapy (day 5).


RESULTS
Patients receiving ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids showed neither lower serum lactate levels nor lower rates of complications compared with patients receiving ω-6 only. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in other biochemical parameters, complications, or length of hospital stay or mortality.


CONCLUSION
PN with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation does not have a significant impact on cellular hypoperfusion and lactate clearance after major gastric surgery.
Health information systems: Failure, success and improvisation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The generalised assumption of health information systems (HIS) success is questioned by a few commentators in the medical informatics field. They point to widespread HIS failure. The purpose of this paper was therefore to develop a better conceptual foundation for, and practical guidance on, health information systems failure (and success).


METHODS
Literature and case analysis plus pilot testing of developed model.


RESULTS
Defining HIS failure and success is complex, and the current evidence base on HIS success and failure rates was found to be weak. Nonetheless, the best current estimate is that HIS failure is an important problem. The paper therefore derives and explains the "design-reality gap" conceptual model. This is shown to be robust in explaining multiple cases of HIS success and failure, yet provides a contingency that encompasses the differences which exist in different HIS contexts. The design-reality gap model is piloted to demonstrate its value as a tool for risk assessment and mitigation on HIS projects. It also throws into question traditional, structured development methodologies, highlighting the importance of emergent change and improvisation in HIS.


CONCLUSIONS
The design-reality gap model can be used to address the problem of HIS failure, both as a post hoc evaluative tool and as a pre hoc risk assessment and mitigation tool. It also validates a set of methods, techniques, roles and competencies needed to support the dynamic improvisations that are found to underpin cases of HIS success.
Research Guides: Geography: Cultural/Human Geography

This guide will help you find information about geography and how it relates to other fields of study, such as environmental issues, climatology, agriculture, and cultures around the world.
Facet joints infiltration: a viable alternative treatment to physiotherapy in patients with low back pain due to facet joint arthropathy.

BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of information on treatment options and outcome of treatment of patients that have MRI findings of FJA presenting with low back pain in the developing country. This prospective cohort study conducted mainly in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja Nigeria is to compare the short-term clinical outcome between two groups, one having undergone facet joints infiltration (FJI) and the other physiotherapy for facet joint arthropathy (FJA).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
All patients with clinical lower back pain (LBP) and MRI features of FJA were recruited into this prospective study randomly. All the FJI patients had depot methylprednisolone and the physiotherapy patients had McKenzie regimen. Outcome questionnaires comprising Oswentry disability index scores (ODI), visual analogue scores (VAS), and patient satisfaction scores (PSS) were completed at all clinic visits. Follow-up was for 6 months for both groups. The results were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.


RESULT
There were 10 FJI patients and 8 physiotherapy patients (1.25: 1). The outcome scores comprised the following ODI, VAS, and PSS. The FJI group had a better score compared to the physiotherapy group at short-term evaluation and this difference was statistically significant. The female patients in both groups fare better compared to the male counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
FJI offered added benefit over physiotherapy in LBPs diagnosed with FJA. Patients with FJI have a significant reduction in pain symptom than the patients in the physiotherapy group. Though majority of the patients reported satisfactory outcome, the FJI patients group had a better outcome.
Applying landscape ecological principles in urban environments

Urban dwellers have long been interested in the interactions between humans and nature. Already 100 years ago concerns were raised about the fate of urban flora in the rapidly expanding city of Helsinki in Finland (Brenner 1906), but ecologists largely ignored urban areas for most of the twentieth century (Grimm et al. 2008). Lack of research has resulted in ecology contributing little to solving urban environmental problems or providing understanding for planning and management (Niemelä 1999; Grimm et al. 2008). Systematic urban ecological research started only about 50 years ago. Berlin in Germany was one of the first cities to be studied comprehensively (Scholz 1956), and urban ecological research has its longest traditions in Central Europe and the UK (Sukopp 2008). More recently, similar surge of interest has taken place across the world. For instance, the journal Landscape Ecology has recently published numerous papers on urban landscape ecology. With the expansion of cities worldwide, knowledge of the ecology of cities integrated with social science approaches to guide the development of sustainable cities is urgently needed (Wu 2008; Grimm et al. 2008). From an ecological perspective, cities are unique mosaics of sites which are constructed for residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructural purposes, interspersed with green spaces. Urban green spaces are diverse, and include, for instance, parks, gardens and recreation venues. In addition to these formal green spaces, cities include informal green space, consisting of remnants of less modified, indigenous vegetation types, as well as specific urban habitats, such as derelict industrial sites, overgrown gardens, and ruderal sites (Breuste 2003). This mosaic of habitats can be fruitfully studied and understood using landscape ecology as a framework (Wu 2008). Landscape ecology provides approaches and methods for understanding the dynamics of urban green spaces. Urban habitat patches are small and isolated from each other by a matrix of built environment. Ecological theories that have been used to examine such ‘‘archipelagoes’’ of urban green spaces include island biogeography theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). The findings of several urban studies (e.g., Klausnitzer 1993) of a positive relationship between patch size and species richness suggest that the theory of island biogeography could be an appropriate framework for urban ecological research as a first J. Breuste Urban and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Unstable burst fractures of the thoraco-lumbar junction: treatment by posterior bisegmental correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and titanium cage implantation

Background. Controversy exists about the best treatment of unstable thoraco-lumbar (TL) burst fractures. Kyphosis correction and canal decompression in case of a neurological deficit are recognized treatment objectives, and various conservative and surgical strategies have been proposed. This prospective observational study evaluates the benefits and risks of a posterior bisegmental transpedicular correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and titanium cage implantation in unstable TL junction burst fractures. Method. 20 consecutive patients with a single-level traumatic unstable burst fracture at the TL junction were operated on by a bisegmental posterior correction/fixation, followed by anterior corpectomy and titanium cage implantation 7–10 days later. The radiological and clinical course is documented over a period of 24 months. Findings. The mean posttraumatic loss of anterior vertebral body height was 58% (45–70%). The posttraumatic mean regional kyphosis was 16° and could be corrected by the posterior approach to a mean lordosis of 2°. Mean secondary loss of the kyphosis correction was 3° over 24 months. No hardware failure occurred, and construct stability was observed in all 20 patients. One surgical complication occurred during the posterior approach, and three transient surgical complications by the anterior approach. 12 of the 14 patients with an initial neurological deficit recovered an average of 1.5 grades on the ASIA scale. At 24 months postoperatively, the mean regional TL back pain on a VAS (0–10) was 1.6, and the mean pain at the anterior approach site was 1.2. Conclusion. Posterior bisegmental transpedicular correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and titanium cage implantation is a safe and reliable surgical treatment option in unstable TL junction burst fractures. The advantages of this technique are a complete kyphosis correction, immediate stability, maintenance of kyphosis correction, and complete spinal canal decompression in case of a neurological deficit. However, these advantages have to be carefully weighed against the double approach morbidity.