LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment

BACKGROUND
Recent studies have revealed that nursing staff turnover remains a major problem in emerging economies. In particular, nursing staff turnover in Malaysia remains high due to a lack of job satisfaction. Despite a shortage of healthcare staff, the Malaysian government plans to create 181 000 new healthcare jobs by 2020 through the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). This study investigated the causal relationships among perceived transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction among nurses and medical assistants in two selected large private and public hospitals in Malaysia. This study also explored the mediating effect of empowerment between transformational leadership and job satisfaction.


METHODS
This study used a survey to collect data from 200 nursing staff, i.e., nurses and medical assistants, employed by a large private hospital and a public hospital in Malaysia. Respondents were asked to answer 5-point Likert scale questions regarding transformational leadership, employee empowerment, and job satisfaction. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the measurement models and to estimate parameters in a path model. Statistical analysis was performed to examine whether empowerment mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction.


RESULTS
This analysis showed that empowerment mediated the effect of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction in nursing staff. Employee empowerment not only is indispensable for enhancing job satisfaction but also mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction among nursing staff.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this research contribute to the literature on job satisfaction in healthcare industries by enhancing the understanding of the influences of empowerment and transformational leadership on job satisfaction among nursing staff. This study offers important policy insight for healthcare managers who seek to increase job satisfaction among their nursing staff.
Mind-Body Medicine in the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND
In mind-body medicine (MBM), conventional lifestyle modification measures such as dietary counseling and exercise are supplemented with relaxation techniques and psychological motivational elements. This review studied the effect of MBM on cardiac events and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).


METHODS
This review is based on publications up to and including January 2015 that were retrieved by a systematic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials of the effect of MBM programs (versus standard treatment) on cardiac events, overall mortality, and/or cardiac mortality were analyzed. Atherosclerosis, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and the body mass index (BMI) were chosen as secondary outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool.


RESULTS
Twelve trials, performed on a total of 1085 patients, were included in the analysis. Significant differences between groups were found with respect to cardiac events (odds ratio [OR]: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.61; p<0.01; heterogeneity [I2]: 0%), but not overall mortality (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.46-1.45; p = 0.49; I2: 0%) or cardiac mortality (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.43-2.25; p = 0.97; I2: 0%). Significant differences between groups were also found with respect to atherosclerosis (mean difference [MD] = -7.86% diameter stenosis; 95% CI: -15.06-[-0.65]; p = 0.03; I2: 0%) and systolic blood pressure (MD = -3.33 mm Hg; 95% CI: -5.76-[-0.91]; p<0.01; I2: 0%), but not with respect to diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, or BMI.


CONCLUSION
In patients with CHD, MBM programs can lessen the occurrence of cardiac events, reduce atherosclerosis, and lower systolic blood pressure, but they do not reduce mortality. They can be used as a complement to conventional rehabilitation programs.
Deceptive Reviews : The Influential Tail

Research in the psycholinguistics literature has identified linguistic cues indicating when a message is more likely to be deceptive and we find that the textual comments in the reviews without prior transactions exhibit many of these characteristics. In contrast, these reviews are less likely to contain expressions describing the fit or feel of the items, which can generally only be assessed by physical inspection of the items.
Designs of fully on-chip antennas in (Bi)CMOS technology

The paper presents several feasible millimeter wave on-chip antenna designs suitable to be fabricated in CMOS technology without any additional process. The results are listed and compared with state-of-the-art designs in the literature. The difficulties in designing high efficiency antenna on CMOS chip are discussed.
Performance Analysis of Reuse-Partitioning-Based Subchannelized OFDMA Uplink Systems in Multicell Environments

This paper presents a performance analysis of reuse partitioning (RUP)-based subchannelized orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) uplink systems in multicell environments. The cochannel interference (CCI) statistic is calculated for OFDMA uplink systems. The derived statistic is then used to analyze the performance of subchannelized OFDMA systems based on RUP. Analysis and simulation results show that the performance of a subchannelized OFDMA system in multicell environments is noticeably dependent on the CCI, and the effect of CCI can be reduced by the RUP scheme. Finally, the results of the analysis yield the optimum RUP area for achieving the maximum system throughput.
A study on the impact of CYP2C19 genotype and platelet reactivity assay on patients undergoing PCI.

BACKGROUND
A thorough understanding of the patient's genotype and their functional response to a medication is necessary for improving event free survival. Several outcome studies support this view particularly if the patient is to be started on clopidogrel due to the prevalence of clopidogrel resistance. Such guided therapy has reduced the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) after stent implantation.


METHODS
Between August 2013 and August 2014, 200 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were prescribed any one of the anti-platelet medications such as clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor and offered testing to detect CYP2C19 gene mutations along with a platelet reactivity assay (PRA). Intended outcome was modification of anti-platelet therapy defined as either dose escalation of clopidogrel or replacement of clopidogrel with prasugrel or ticagrelor for the patients in clopidogrel arm, and replacement of ticagrelor or prasugrel with clopidogrel if those patients were non-carrier of mutant genes and also if they demonstrated bleeding tendencies in the ticagrelor and prasugrel arms.


CONCLUSION
Clopidogrel resistance was observed to be 16.5% in our study population. PRA was useful in monitoring the efficacy of thienopyridines. By having this test, one can be safely maintained on clopidogrel in non-carriers, or with increased dose of clopidogrel in intermediate metabolizers or with newer drugs such as ticagrelor or prasugrel in poor metabolizers. Patients on ticagrelor and prasugrel identified as non-carriers of gene mutations for clopidogrel metabolism could be offered clopidogrel resulting in economic benefits to the patients. Patients at high risk of bleeding were also identified by the PRA.
A randomized controlled trial of effects of Wellness Recovery Action Planning on depression, anxiety, and recovery.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) self-management intervention in reducing depression and anxiety and in increasing self-perceived recovery among individuals with a serious mental illness.


METHODS
Participants were recruited from outpatient community mental health settings in six Ohio communities: Canton, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Lorain, and Toledo. With a single-blind, randomized controlled trial design, 519 individuals were assigned to WRAP or to services as usual and assessed at baseline and at two- and eight-month follow-ups. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 2.5-hour sessions delivered by peers in recovery from serious mental illness who were certified WRAP educators.


RESULTS
The mean number of WRAP sessions attended was five, and fidelity ranged from 90% to 92%. Analysis using mixed-effects random regression revealed interactions of study condition by time in each outcome area. Compared with the control group, intervention participants reported significantly greater reduction over time in Brief Symptom Inventory depression and anxiety subscales and significantly greater improvement in total Recovery Assessment Scale scores as well as the subscales measuring personal confidence and goal orientation.


CONCLUSIONS
Training in mental illness self-management reduced depression and anxiety and improved participants' self-perceived recovery over time. Results confirmed the importance of WRAP as part of a group of evidence-based, recovery-oriented interventions.
A phase I clinical trial of navitoclax, a targeted high-affinity Bcl-2 family inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors

Purpose: To investigate the safety, optimal dosing, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of a regimen of navitoclax (ABT-263) combined with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Experimental Design: Patients with solid tumors for which gemcitabine was deemed an appropriate therapy were enrolled into one of two different dosing schedules (21-day dosing schedule: navitoclax administered orally on days 1–3 and 8–10,; and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; 28-day dosing schedule: navitoclax administrated orally on days 1–3, 8–10, and 15–17; and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15). Navitoclax doses were escalated from 150 to 425 mg. An expanded safety cohort was conducted for the 21-day dosing schedule at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of navitoclax. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled at three U.S. centers. The most common adverse events included: hematologic abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and anemia), liver enzyme elevations (ALT and AST), and gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) observed in cycle 1 were grade 4 thrombocytopenia (2 patients), grade 4 neutropenia (1 patient), and grade 3 AST elevation (2 patients). The MTD of navitoclax was 325 mg co-administered with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 for the 21-day schedule. No clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions were observed. There were no objective responses. Stable disease, reported at the end of cycle 2, was the best response in 54 % of evaluable patients (n = 39). Conclusions: The combination of navitoclax 325 mg with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 was generally well tolerated and exhibited a favorable safety profile in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Definition of ALI/ARDS.

Although acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by different injuries and conditions, their similar clinical picture makes a compelling case for them to be studied as a single entity. An array of potential specific targets for pharmacologic intervention can be applied to ALI/ARDS as one disease. Although a working definition of ALI/ARDS that includes pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes can have benefit in standardizing supportive care, it can also complicate assessments of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. In this article, definitions that have been recently used for ALI/ARDS in various clinical studies are discussed individually.
Learning how we learn: an ethnographic study in a neonatal intensive care unit.

AIM
This paper is a report of a study to identify how nurse clinicians learn with and from each other in the workplace.


BACKGROUND
Clinicians' everyday practices and interactions with each other have recently been targeted as areas of research, because it is there that quality of care and patient safety are achieved. Orientation of new nurses and doctors into a specialty unit often results in stress.


METHOD
An ethnographic approach was used, including a 12-month period of fieldwork observations involving participation and in-depth interviews with nurse, doctor and allied health clinicians in their workplace. The data were collected in 2005-2006 in a paediatric teaching hospital in Australia.


FINDINGS
The findings were grouped into four dimensions: orientation of nurses, orientation of medical registrars, preceptoring and decision-making. The orientation of new staff (nursing and medical) is a complex and multi-layered process which accommodates multiple kinds of learning, in addition to formal learning. Workplace learning also can be informal, incidental, interpersonal and interactive. Interactive and interpersonal learning and the transfer of knowledge include codified and tacit knowledge as well as intuitive understandings of 'how we do things here'.


CONCLUSION
Research into how nurses learn is crucial for illuminating learning that is non-formal and less recognized than more formal kinds. To provide a safe practice environment built on a foundation of knowledge and best practice, there needs to be an allocation of time in the busy workday for learning and reflection.
The Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course : A 45-Year Longitudinal Study

One hundred sixty-three men who have been followed prospectively for over 45 years were rated on a set of 25 personality traits at the end of their college careers and took the NEO-PI at approximately ages 67–68. The college traits were transformed, via a rating procedure, to scales assessing each of the Big Five dimensions and related to the NEO-PI. Three traits—Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness—exhibited significant correlations across the 45-year interval. Furthermore, the trait profiles remained relatively stable over that interval. Both sets of personality traits were related to a wide variety of life course variables representing the domains of global adult adjustment, career functioning/success, creativity, social relations, mental health, substance abuse, childhood characteristics, familial history of pathology, maturity of defenses, and political attitudes. Conscientiousness in college was the best predictor of what happened to the men in the future, whereas Neuroticism in late midlife was the best correlate of life course functioning across a variety of domains.  1999 Academic Press
Electoral Incentives for Political Corruption under Open-List Proportional Representation

Despite the considerable attention paid to the aggregate-level determinants of political corruption, until recently little empirical work has attempted to understand what systematic factors drive individual politicians to corruption. To reduce this gap, this paper hypothesizes that under open-list proportional representation in which personal votes are expensive yet critical for politicians to win election, politicians’ electoral uncertainty regarding their chances of winning election drives them to corruption in order to finance campaigns. The hypothesis, running against the conventional view that suggests an anti-corruption effect of electoral uncertainty, receives substantial empirical support by individual-level data from pre-1994 Italy.
Insulin-induced vasodilatation and endothelial function in obesity/insulin resistance. Effects of troglitazone

Insulin resistance is associated with a decreased vasodilator response to insulin. Because insulin's vasodilator effect is nitric oxide dependent, this impairment may reflect endothelial dysfunction. Troglitazone, an insulin-sensitiser, might thus improve insulin-dependent and/or endothelium-dependent vascular function in insulin resistant obese subjects. For 8 weeks, fifteen obese subjects were treated with either 400 mg troglitazone once daily or placebo, in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design. At the end of each treatment period, we measured forearm vasodilator responses (plethysmography) to intra-arterial administered acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside; insulin sensitivity and insulin-induced vascular and neurohumoral responses (clamp); vasoconstrictor responses to N G-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) during hyperinsulinaemia; and ambulatory 24-h blood pressure (ABPM). Baseline data (placebo) of obese subjects were compared with those obtained in lean control subjects. Obese subjects were insulin resistant compared with leans (whole-body glucose uptake: 26.8 ± 3.0 vs. 53.9 ± 4.3 μmol · kg–1· min–1, p < 0.001). Troglitazone improved whole-body glucose uptake (to 31.9 ± 3.3 μmol · kg–1· min–1, p = 0.028), and forearm glucose uptake (from 1.09 ± 0.54 to 2.31 ± 0.69 μmol · dL–1· min–1, p = 0.006). Insulin-induced vasodilatation was blunted in obese subjects (percent increase in forearm blood flow (FBF) in lean 66.5 ± 23.0 %, vs. 10.1 ± 11.3 % in obese, p = 0.04), but did not improve during troglitazone. Vascular responses to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and L-NMMA did not differ between the obese and lean group, nor between both treatment periods in the obese individuals. In conclusion, in insulin resistant obese subjects, endothelial vascular function is normal despite impaired vasodilator responses to insulin. Troglitazone improved insulin sensitivity but it had no effects on endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses. These data do not support an association between insulin resistance and endothelial function. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 569–576]
Accuracy of Heart Disease Prevalence Estimated from Claims Data Compared With an Electronic Health Record

INTRODUCTION
We developed a decision support tool that can guide the development of heart disease prevention programs to focus on the interventions that have the most potential to benefit populations. To use it, however, users need to know the prevalence of heart disease in the population that they wish to help. We sought to determine the accuracy with which the prevalence of heart disease can be estimated from health care claims data.


METHODS
We compared estimates of disease prevalence based on insurance claims to estimates derived from manual health records in a stratified random sample of 480 patients aged 30 years or older who were enrolled at any time from August 1, 2007, through July 31, 2008 (N = 474,089) in HealthPartners insurance and had a HealthPartners Medical Group electronic record. We compared randomly selected development and validation samples to a subsample that was also enrolled on August 1, 2005 (n = 272,348). We also compared the records of patients who had a gap in enrollment of more than 31 days with those who did not, and compared patients who had no visits, only 1 visit, or 2 or more visits more than 31 days apart for heart disease.


RESULTS
Agreement between claims data and manual review was best in both the development and the validation samples (Cohen's κ, 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.97; and Cohen's κ, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.89-0.98, respectively) when patients with only 1 visit were considered to have heart disease.


CONCLUSION
In this population, prevalence of heart disease can be estimated from claims data with acceptable accuracy.
New studies of second and fourth digit ratio as a morphogenetic trait in subjects with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a disease that occurs during fetal development and can lead to virilization in females or death in newborn males if not discovered early in life. Because of this there is a need to seek morphological markers in order to help diagnose the disease. In order to test the hypothesis that prenatal hormones can affect the sexual dimorphic pattern 2D:4D digit ratio in individual with CAH, the aim of this study was to compare the digit ratio in female and male patients with CAH and control subjects.


METHODS
The 2D:4D ratios in both hands of 40 patients (31 females-46, XX, and 9 males-46, XY) were compared with the measures of control individuals without CAH (100 males and 100 females).


RESULTS
Females with CAH showed 2D:4D ratios typical of male controls (0.950 and 0.947) in both hands (P < 0.001). In CAH males the left hand 2D:4D ratio (0.983) was statistically different from that of male controls (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
These finding support the idea that sexual dimorphism in skeletal development in early fetal life is associated with differences between the exposure to androgens in males and females, and significant differences associated with adrenal hyperplasia. Although the effects of prenatal androgens on skeletal developmental are supported by numerous studies, further investigation is yet required to clarify the disease and establish the digit ratio as a biomarker for CAH.
Impact of Genomic Technologies on Chickpea Breeding Strategies

The major abiotic and biotic stresses that adversely affect yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) include drought, heat, fusarium wilt, ascochyta blight and pod borer. Excellent progress has been made in developing short-duration varieties with high resistance to fusarium wilt. The early maturity helps in escaping terminal drought and heat stresses and the adaptation of chickpea to short-season environments. Ascochyta blight continues to be a major challenge to chickpea productivity in areas where chickpea is exposed to cool and wet conditions. Limited variability for pod borer resistance has been a major bottleneck in the development of pod borer resistant cultivars. The use of genomics technologies in chickpea breeding programs has been limited, since available genomic resources were not adequate and limited polymorphism was observed in the cultivated chickpea for the available molecular markers. Remarkable progress has been made in the development of genetic and genomic resources in recent years and integration of genomic technologies in chickpea breeding has now started. Marker-assisted breeding is currently being used for improving drought tolerance and combining resistance to diseases. The integration of genomic technologies is expected to improve the precision and efficiency of chickpea breeding in the development of improved cultivars with enhanced resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, better adaptation to existing and evolving agro-ecologies and traits preferred by farmers, industries and consumers. OPEN ACCESS Agronomy 2012, 2 200