LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the Third Wave of Behavior Therapy

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based psychotherapy, grounded in the behavioral and cognitive behavioral traditions. ACT attempts to alter the normal impact of human cognition in order to increase the capacity for behavior change. The present paper briefly discusses philosophical and theoretical positions of ACT along with empirical supports for ACT theory. An overview of ACT intervention is given, followed by ACT outcome data in a variety of psychological disorders. Finally, an ACT case report is provided. Key terms: Acceptance; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Cognitive Defusion; Mindfulness; Relational Frame Theory; Values;
Hedgehog signaling and gastrointestinal cancer.

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical for embryonic development and in differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance of multiple adult tissues. De-regulation of the Hh pathway is associated with birth defects and cancer. In the gastrointestinal tract, Hh ligands Sonic (Shh) and Indian (Ihh), as well as the receptor Patched (Ptch1), and transcription factors of Glioblastoma family (Gli) are all expressed during development. In the adult, Shh expression is restricted to the stomach and colon, while Ihh expression occurs throughout the luminal gastrointestinal tract, its expression being highest in the proximal duodenum. Several studies have demonstrated a requirement for Hh signaling during gastrointestinal tract development. However to date, the specific role of the Hh pathway in the adult stomach and intestine is not completely understood. The current review will place into context the implications of recent published data related to the biochemistry and cell biology of Hh signaling on the luminal gastrointestinal tract during development, normal physiology and subsequently carcinogenesis.
Impact of enterprise resource planning systems on management control systems and firm performance

Article history: Received 10 October 2008 Received in revised form 12 February 2010 Accepted 24 February 2010 In this study, we extend existing research on enterprise resource planning systems by exploring the effects of enterprise system adoption on subsequent non-financial and financial performance of a firm. Specifically, we investigate the role of formal and informalmanagement control systems as mechanisms which mediate the effect of enterprise resource planning systems adoption onfirmperformance.Our empirical analyses are based on survey data drawn from70 Finnish business units. Overall, our findings demonstrate that formal types of management control systems act as intervening variables mediating the positive lagged effect between enterprise systems adoption and non-financial performance. Informal types of management control systems, however, do not show similar mediating effects. We also predict and find a significant relationship between non-financial and financial firm performance. These results are important because the evidence on the joint roles of enterprise systems and management control system on improving the firm performance is very limited in prior literature. Our results show that the use of enterprise systems results in improved firm performance in the long run, and that more formal than informal types of management controls help firms achieve future performance goals. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Rational development of guidelines for management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review discusses the rational development of guidelines for the management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries.


RECENT FINDINGS
Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis with high specificity remains challenging in developing countries. Aetiology data, particularly from rural, community-based studies, are very limited, but molecular tests to improve diagnostics are being tested in a community-based study in South Asia. Antibiotic susceptibility data are limited, but suggest reducing susceptibility to first-and second-line antibiotics in both hospital and community-acquired neonatal sepsis. Results of clinical trials in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa assessing feasibility of simplified antibiotic regimens are awaited.


SUMMARY
Effective management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries is essential to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. Simplified antibiotic regimens are currently being examined in clinical trials, but reduced antimicrobial susceptibility threatens current empiric treatment strategies. Improved clinical and microbiological surveillance is essential, to inform current practice, treatment guidelines, and monitor implementation of policy changes.
Serum metabolomics indicate altered cellular energy metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease affecting multiple organs and cells besides the respiratory system. Metabolomic profiling allows simultaneous detection of biochemicals originating from cells, organs, or exogenous origin that may be valuable for monitoring of disease severity or in diagnosis.


AIM
We hypothesized that metabolomics using serum from children would differentiate CF from non-CF lung disease subjects and would provide insight into metabolism in CF.


METHODS
Serum collected from children with CF (n = 31) and 31 age and gender matched children with other lung diseases was used for metabolomic profiling by gas- and liquid-chromatography. Relative concentration of metabolites was compared between the groups using partial least square discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) and linear modeling.


RESULTS
A clear separation of the two groups was seen in PLS-DA. Linear model found that among the 459 detected metabolites 92 differed between CF and non-CF. These included known biochemicals in lipid metabolism, oxidants, and markers consistent with abnormalities in bile acid processing. Bacterial metabolites were identified and differed between the groups indicating intestinal dysbiosis in CF. As a novel finding several pathways were markedly different in CF, which jointly point towards decreased activity in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. These pathways include low ketone bodies, low medium chain carnitines, elevated di-carboxylic acids and decreased 2-hydroxybutyrate from amino acid metabolism in CF compared to non-CF.


CONCLUSION
Serum metabolomics discriminated CF from non-CF and show altered cellular energy metabolism in CF potentially reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies are indicated to examine their relation to the underlying CF defect and their use as biomarkers for disease severity or for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) function in an era of CFTR modifying drugs.
CSR and Stakeholder Theory: A Tale of Adam Smith

This article leverages insights from the body of Adam Smith’s work, including two lesser-known manuscripts—the Theory of Moral Sentiments and Lectures in Jurisprudence—to help answer the question as to how companies should morally prioritize corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and stakeholder claims. Smith makes philosophical distinctions between justice and beneficence and perfect and imperfect rights, and we leverage those distinctions to speak to contemporary CSR and stakeholder management theories. We address the often-neglected question as to how far a company should be expected to go in pursuit of CSR initiatives and we offer a fresh perspective as to the role of business in relation to stakeholders and to society as a whole. Smith’s moral insights help us to propose a practical framework of legitimacy in stakeholder claims that can help managers select appropriate and responsible CSR activities.
Anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Perceived Stress as Predictors of Recent Drinking, Alcohol Craving, and Social Stress Response in Heavy Drinkers

BACKGROUND
Stress and anxiety are widely considered to be causally related to alcohol craving and consumption, as well as development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, numerous preclinical and human studies examining effects of stress or anxiety on alcohol use and alcohol-related problems have been equivocal. This study examined relationships between scores on self-report anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and stress measures and frequency and intensity of recent drinking, alcohol craving during early withdrawal, as well as laboratory measures of alcohol craving and stress reactivity among heavy drinkers with AUD.


METHODS
Media-recruited, heavy drinkers with AUD (N = 87) were assessed for recent alcohol consumption. Anxiety and stress levels were characterized using paper-and-pencil measures, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Eligible subjects (N = 30) underwent alcohol abstinence on the Clinical Research Unit; twice daily measures of alcohol craving were collected. On day 4, subjects participated in the Trier Social Stress Test; measures of cortisol and alcohol craving were collected.


RESULTS
In multivariate analyses, higher BAI scores were associated with lower drinking frequency and reduced drinks/drinking day; in contrast, higher ASI-3 scores were associated with higher drinking frequency. BAI anxiety symptom and ASI-3 scores also were positively related to Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total scores and AUD symptom and problem subscale measures. Higher BAI and ASI-3 scores but not PSS scores were related to greater self-reported alcohol craving during early alcohol abstinence. Finally, BAI scores were positively related to laboratory stress-induced cortisol and alcohol craving. In contrast, the PSS showed no relationship with most measures of alcohol craving or stress reactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, clinically oriented measures of anxiety compared with perceived stress were more strongly associated with a variety of alcohol-related measures in current heavy drinkers with AUD.
Algorithms and complexity for annotated sequence analysis

Molecular biologists use algorithms that compare and otherwise analyze sequences that represent genetic and protein molecules. Most of these algorithms, however, op­ erate on the basic sequence and do not incorporate the additional information that is often known about the molecule and its pieces. This research describes schemes to combinatorially annotate this information onto sequences so that it can be analyzed in tandem with the sequence; the overall result would thus reflect both types of information about the sequence. These annotation schemes include adding colours and arcs to the sequence. Colouring a sequence would produce a same-length se­ quence of colours or other symbols that highlight or label parts of the sequence. Arcs can be used to link sequence symbols (or coloured substrings) to indicate molecular bonds or other relationships. Adding these annotations to sequence analysis prob­ lems such as sequence alignment or finding the longest common subsequence can make the problem more complex, often depending on the complexity of the anno­ tation scheme. This research examines the different annotation schemes and the corresponding problems of verifying annotations, creating annotations, and finding the longest common subsequence of pairs of sequences with annotations. This work involves both the conventional complexity framework and parameterized complex­ ity, and includes algorithm s and hardness results for both frameworks. Automata and transducers are created for some annotation verification and creation problems. Different restrictions on layered substring and arc annotation are considered to de-
Acamprosate in Korean alcohol-dependent patients: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

AIMS
A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of acamprosate over 8 weeks in Korean alcohol-dependent patients.


METHODS
One hundred and forty-two alcohol-dependent patients in 12 centres were randomized to 8 weeks treatment with either acamprosate (n = 72) or a placebo (n = 70) in combination with out-patient psychosocial intervention. They were predominantly male (95.8%), with a mean age of 44.3 +/- 8.3 years; 76.1% were married; 59.9% were employed; 58.5% had received previous alcoholism treatment (previous mean number of admissions in alcoholism in-patient programmes 4.6 +/- 6.9). At visits to the clinic (weekly for 4 weeks, then biweekly for 4 weeks), a record was made of alcohol use (Time-Line Follow-Back), alcohol craving using a Korean version of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale and a visual analogue scale, and adverse events. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were measured on weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8.


RESULTS
In the acamprosate group (A), 71.4% had had alcohol within the 2 days prior to starting medication, against 65.2% of patients in the placebo group (P); (P > 0.05). One hundred and one subjects (71.1%) completed 8-weeks of treatment (A, 73.6%; P, 68.6%; P > 0.05). During the 8-week treatment period, 37, (A) (n = 72) and 32% (P) (n = 70) achieved continuous abstinence (P > 0.05), and 40, (A) and 39% (P) remained without relapse (P > 0.05) (defined as a day when a man consumed five or more drinks or a woman four or more drinks). The percentage of days abstinent during the 8-week treatment period was 81.2, (A) and 78.5% (P) (P > 0.05), and the percentage of days without heavy drinking 86.1 (A) and 84.9% (P) (P > 0.05). The mean amount drunk per drinking occasion was 7.2, (A) and 8.6 standard drinks (P) (P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences in changes in the serum GGT level or craving scores from baseline to the end-point of treatment were found between the two groups. Recency of drinking prior to commencing study drug predicted percentage of days abstinent in the first 2 weeks on treatment; however, when ANOVAs were conducted using treatment outcomes as a dependent variable, medication condition as an independent variable and the period of abstinence prior to treatment as a covariate, a significant effect of medication condition was still not seen.


CONCLUSIONS
Acamprosate was ineffective in reducing drinking in this Korean sample. The result differs from that of most European acamprosate trials. This might be explained by our sample's relatively severe alcohol dependence, and low social support, or the fact that many patients were still drinking near to their first medication. The variability of the psychosocial support, ethnicity (which might also affect acamprosate pharmacokinetics) and the Korean drinking style, which differs from that of Europeans, might have contributed to our negative result.
Laughter Yoga, Adults Living With Parkinson׳s Disease, and Caregivers: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE
This study explored outcomes of Laughter Yoga in adults with Parkinson׳s disease (PD) and their caregivers. Laughter has been shown to generally improve mood in physically healthy adults, and specifically in adults with heart disease or cancer, but little research exists regarding the impact of laughter in adults with Parkinson׳s disease. Low mood is frequently a co-morbid condition for adults with Parkinson׳s disease, and can negatively affect their caregivers.


DESIGN
Pre-experimental (O1 × O2) pretest-posttest design.


SETTINGS/LOCATION
Data collection occurred at six unique PD support groups in Southern California.


SUBJECTS
Participants (N = 85) comprised a convenience sample of adults diagnosed with Parkinson׳s disease (n = 47) and accompanying caregivers (n = 38).


INTERVENTION
Subjects participated in a 45-min Laughter Yoga (LY) session conducted by a Certified Laughter Yoga Teacher.


OUTCOME MEASURES
This study utilized the Laughter Yoga "How Do You Feel?" (HDYF) form. The form consists of a series of 10 scales labeled "well-being" measures including enthusiasm, energy level, mood, optimism, stress level, level of friendship with group members, level of awareness about breathing, level of muscle relaxation, level of mental relaxation, and ability to laugh without a reason.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Paired sample t-tests reveal statistically significant improvements in well-being for adults with PD and their caregivers after attending an LY session. Therapists and other clinicians should consider utilizing this unique technique with adults with PD to address co-morbid low-mood conditions and include caregivers in the LY sessions for support and their own benefit.
Is the 1-minute sit-to-stand test a good tool for the evaluation of the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation? Determination of the minimal important difference in COPD

BACKGROUND
The 1-minute sit-to-stand (STS) test could be valuable to assess the level of exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is a need to provide the minimal important difference (MID) of this test in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).


METHODS
COPD patients undergoing the 1-minute STS test before PR were included. The test was performed at baseline and the end of PR, as well as the 6-minute walk test, and the quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (QMVC). Home and community-based programs were conducted as recommended. Responsiveness to PR was determined by the difference in the 1-minute STS test between baseline and the end of PR. The MID was evaluated using distribution and anchor-based methods.


RESULTS
Forty-eight COPD patients were included. At baseline, the significant predictors of the number of 1-minute STS repetitions were the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) (r=0.574; P<10-3), age (r=-0.453; P=0.001), being on long-term oxygen treatment (r=-0.454; P=0.017), and the QMVC (r=0.424; P=0.031). The multivariate analysis explained 75.8% of the variance of 1-minute STS repetitions. The improvement of the 1-minute STS repetitions at the end of PR was 3.8±4.2 (P<10-3). It was mainly correlated with the change in QMVC (r=0.572; P=0.004) and 6MWD (r=0.428; P=0.006). Using the distribution-based analysis, an MID of 1.9 (standard error of measurement method) or 3.1 (standard deviation method) was found. With the 6MWD as anchor, the receiver operating characteristic curve identified the MID for the change in 1-minute STS repetitions at 2.5 (sensibility: 80%, specificity: 60%) with area under curve of 0.716.


CONCLUSION
The 1-minute STS test is simple and sensitive to measure the efficiency of PR. An improvement of at least three repetitions is consistent with physical benefits after PR.
Church and Culture in Seventeenth-Century France

Introduction 1. The spaces of belief 2. The spaces of representation 3. The spaces of education 4. The spaces of dissension 5. The space of ideas 6. The spaces of discussion 7. The spaces of hostility: belief 8. The spaces of hostility: unbelief 9. The space of the word Conclusion Bibliography.
Constipation prophylaxis in children undergoing orthopedic surgery: A quasi-experimental study.

PURPOSE
This study evaluated the effectiveness of constipation prophylaxis administered with the support of an advanced practice nurse.


DESIGN
A quasi-experimental study with a historical control group of 112 pediatric (age 1-18) orthopedic patients and an intervention group of 59 patients was conducted in a surgical ward in Switzerland.


RESULTS
The implementation of a standardized constipation prophylaxis led to an absolute risk reduction (27%) of constipation. Fisher's exact test showed a significant difference in the prevalence of constipation in the two samples, p = .001.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Constipation prophylaxis is a necessity in pediatric orthopedics.
Plants: a source for new antimycobacterial drugs.

Tuberculosis, also called TB, is currently a major health hazard due to multidrug-resistant forms of bacilli. Global efforts are underway to eradicate TB using new drugs with new modes of action, higher activity, and fewer side effects in combination with vaccines. For this reason, unexplored new sources and previously explored sources were examined and around 353 antimycobacterial compounds (Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24: 278-297) 7 have been previously reported. To develop drugs from these new sources, additional work is required for preclinical and clinical results. Since ancient times, different plant part extracts have been used as traditional medicines against diseases including tuberculosis. This knowledge may be useful in developing future powerful drugs. Plant natural products are again becoming important in this regard. In this review, we report 127 antimycobacterial compounds and their antimycobacterial activities. Of these, 27 compounds had a minimum inhibitory concentration of < 10 µg/mL. In some cases, the mechanism of activity has been determined. We hope that some of these compounds may eventually develop into effective new drugs against tuberculosis.
Exploring the Student Engagement Instrument and Career Perceptions with College Students

The Student Engagement Instrument (SEI) is a relatively new inventory designed to measure cognitive and affective engagement in school for middle and high school students. We explored the reliability and validity of the SEI for 122 college students. Results provided evidence for adequate to good reliability and validity--indicating a good fit between the data and a 4-factor structure based on Teacher-Student Relationships, Peer Support at School, Future Aspirations and Goals, and Family Support for Learning. Two factors representing affective engagement (Peer Support at School and Teacher-Student Relationships) emerged as important predictors of career perceptions in our college student sample. Peer Support at School also predicted college GPA. Facilitating continuity in the operationalization and measurement of student engagement across secondary and post-secondary settings, findings also highlight the potential importance of student engagement to career development.
The Active Badge Location System

A novel system for the location of people in an office environment is described. Members of staff wear badges that transmit signals providing information about their location to a centralized location service, through a network of sensors. The paper also examines alternative location techniques, system design issues and applications, particularly relating to telephone call routing. Location systems raise concerns about the privacy of an individual and these issues are also addressed.