LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
CodeSum: Translate Program Language to Natural Language

During software maintenance, programmers spend a lot of time on code comprehension. Reading comments is an effective way for programmers to reduce the reading and navigating time when comprehending source code. Therefore, as a critical task in software engineering, code summarization aims to generate brief natural language descriptions for source code. In this paper, we propose a new code summarization model named CodeSum. CodeSum exploits the attention-based sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network with Structure-based Traversal (SBT) of Abstract Syntax Trees (AST). The AST sequences generated by SBT can better present the structure of ASTs and keep unambiguous. We conduct experiments on three large-scale corpora in different program languages, i.e., Java, C#, and SQL, in which Java corpus is our new proposed industry code extracted from Github. Experimental results show that our method CodeSum outperforms the state-of-the-art significantly. Introduction Source code summarization is the task of creating readable natural language summaries that describe the functionality of software. It is important in the field of source code comprehension. During the software maintenance, programmers spend a lot of time reading and understanding the source code snippets to comprehend them. Studies of program comprehension indicate that programmers often read a summary which is a comment describing the function of the code (e.g., JavaDoc1 descriptions for Java methods) or skim source code (e.g., read important keywords) to save time (Rodeghero et al. 2014; Sim, Clarke, and Holt 1998). For example, Figure 1 shows a Java method named toIndexName extracted from Github2. Through the summary and name of the method, developers can easily understand the method aiming to “convert the index of an attacker into a readable name in a battle”. However, these summaries are sometimes missing, incomplete or outdated. Therefore, automated source code summarization becomes an emerging technology in software engineering. Predicting these source code summarizations can be used in improving code search by natural language queries, code comprehension, and code
Multisite controlled study of OROS methylphenidate in the treatment of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND
Despite the persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adolescence, little is known about the efficacy and tolerability of stimulant medications in this age group.


OBJECTIVE
To report the results of a multisite controlled study among adolescents with ADHD evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate.


DESIGN
Adolescents (N = 220) having a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of ADHD underwent dose titration to identify dosages of OROS methylphenidate that improved symptoms to predefined criteria. Subjects successfully completing the dose titration phase (n = 177) (ie, tolerated and responded to treatment and adhered to the protocol) were randomized to receive 2 weeks' treatment with their individualized dosage of OROS methylphenidate (18, 36, 54, or 72 mg once daily) or placebo. Treatment effectiveness was measured using investigator, parent, and adolescent assessments of ADHD.


RESULTS
A significant reduction from baseline in the investigator-rated ADHD Rating Scale, the primary efficacy measure, was found with OROS methylphenidate treatment compared with placebo. Similar findings were noted with parent- and adolescent-report measures. Based on a Clinical Global Impression improvement subscale score of much or very much improved, 52% of subjects in the OROS methylphenidate group improved compared with 31% receiving placebo. Thirty-seven percent of subjects required the maximum dosage of 72 mg/d. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was similar between the 2 study groups.


CONCLUSION
In adolescents, once-daily OROS methylphenidate significantly reduced ADHD symptoms and was well tolerated using dosages up to 72 mg/d.
Ultrasonographic features of recurrent parotitis in childhood

Six children with recurrent parotitis were studied by ultrasound. Of the 12 parotid glands thus observed, 5 were swollen and 7 were not enlarged. Multiple round hypoechoic areas measuring 2–4 mm in diameter were seen in all 5 enlarged parotid glands and in 5 nonenlarged glands. These small hypoechoic areas were larger than the punctate pools of contrast medium shown by sialography. We consider that these hypoechoic areas represented both peripheral sialectasis and surrounding lymphocytic infiltration. We propose that ultrasonography may be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of recurrent parotitis in childhood.
Simultaneous integrated boost of biopsy proven, MRI defined dominant intra-prostatic lesions to 95 Gray with IMRT: early results of a phase I NCI study

BACKGROUND
To assess the feasibility and early toxicity of selective, IMRT-based dose escalation (simultaneous integrated boost) to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI.


METHODS
Patients with localized prostate cancer and an abnormality within the prostate on endorectal coil MRI were eligible. All patients underwent a MRI-guided transrectal biopsy at the location of the MRI abnormality. Gold fiducial markers were also placed. Several days later patients underwent another MRI scan for fusion with the treatment planning CT scan. This fused MRI scan was used to delineate the region of the biopsy proven intra-prostatic lesion. A 3 mm expansion was performed on the intra-prostatic lesions, defined as a separate volume within the prostate. The lesion + 3 mm and the remainder of the prostate + 7 mm received 94.5/75.6 Gray (Gy) respectively in 42 fractions. Daily seed position was verified to be within 3 mm.


RESULTS
Three patients were treated. Follow-up was 18, 6, and 3 months respectively. Two patients had a single intra-prostatic lesion. One patient had 2 intra-prostatic lesions. All four intra-prostatic lesions, with margin, were successfully targeted and treated to 94.5 Gy. Two patients experienced acute RTOG grade 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity. One had grade 1 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. All symptoms completely resolved by 3 months. One patient had no acute toxicity.


CONCLUSION
These early results demonstrate the feasibility of using IMRT for simultaneous integrated boost to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI. The treatment was well tolerated.
Using adaptive agents to automatically generate test scenarios from the UML activity diagrams

Test case generation is one of the most important issues in software testing research and industrial practice. Test scenarios are frequently used to derive test cases for scenario-based software testing. However, the generation of the test scenarios is usually a manual and labor-intensive task. It is desired that test scenarios can be automatically generated. In this paper, we propose an automated approach using adaptive agents to directly generate test scenarios from the UML activity diagrams.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: impact of technology advancement on ablation volumes in 115 patients.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the advanced technology of the new ExAblate 2100 system (Insightec Ltd, Haifa, Israel) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound surgery on treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids, as measured by the nonperfused volume ratio.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis of 115 women (mean age, 42 years; range, 27-54 years) with symptomatic fibroids who consecutively underwent MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in a single center with the new generation ExAblate 2100 system from November 2010 to June 2011. Mean ± SD total volume and number of treated fibroids (per patient) were 89 ± 94 cm and 2.2 ± 1.7, respectively. Patient baseline characteristics were analyzed regarding their impact on the resulting nonperfused volume ratio.


RESULTS
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment was technically successful in 115 of 123 patients (93.5%). In 8 patients, treatment was not possible because of bowel loops in the beam pathway that could not be mitigated (n = 6), patient movement (n = 1), and system malfunction (n = 1). Mean nonperfused volume ratio was 88% ± 15% (range, 38%-100%). Mean applied energy level was 5400 ± 1200 J, and mean number of sonications was 74 ± 27. No major complications occurred. Two cases of first-degree skin burn resolved within 1 week after the intervention. Of the baseline characteristics analyzed, only the planned treatment volume had a statistically significant impact on nonperfused volume ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
With technological advancement, the outcome of MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in terms of the nonperfused volume ratio can be enhanced with a high safety profile, markedly exceeding results reported in previous clinical trials.
THE USE OF CLAY AS AN ENGINEERED BARRIER IN RADIOACTIVE-WASTE MANAGEMENT – A REVIEW

Geological disposal is the preferred option for the final storage of high-level nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel in most countries. The selected host rock may be different in individual national programs for radioactive-waste management and the engineered barrier systems that protect and isolate the waste may also differ, but almost all programs are considering an engineered barrier. Clay is used as a buffer that surrounds and protects the individual waste packages and/or as tunnel seal that seals off the disposal galleries from the shafts leading to the surface. Bentonite and bentonite/sand mixtures are selected primarily because of their low hydraulic permeability in a saturated state. This ensures that diffusion will be the dominant transport mechanism in the barrier. Another key advantage is the swelling pressure, which ensures a self-sealing ability and closes gaps in the installed barrier and the excavation-damaged zone around the emplacement tunnels. Bentonite is a natural geological material that has been stable over timescales of millions of years and this is important as the barriers need to retain their properties for up to 10 y. In order to be able to license a final repository for high-level radioactive waste, a solid understanding of how the barriers evolve with time is needed. This understanding is based on scientific knowledge about the processes and boundary conditions acting on the barriers in the repository. These are often divided into thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and (bio)chemical processes. Examples of areas that need to be evaluated are the evolution of temperature in the repository during the early stage due to the decay heat in the waste, re-saturation of the bentonite blocks installed, build-up of swelling pressure on the containers and the surrounding rock, and degradation of the montmorillonite component in the bentonite. Another important area of development is the engineering aspects: how can the barriers be manufactured, subjected to quality control, and installed? Geological disposal programs for radioactive waste have generated a large body of information on the safety-relevant properties of clays used as engineered barriers. The major relevant findings of the past 35 y are reviewed here. Key Words—Bentonite, Barrier, Nuclear Waste, Geological Disposal, Waste Management.
Clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy in meniscal and ligamentous knee Injuries – a prospective study

Data from 565 knee arthroscopies performed by two experienced knee surgeons between 2002 and 2005 for degenerative joint disorders, ligament injuries, loose body removals, lateral release of the patellar retinaculum, plica division, and adhesiolysis was prospectively collected. A subset of 109 patients from the above group who sequentially had clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy for suspected meniscal and ligament injuries were considered for the present study and the data was reviewed. Patients with previous menisectomies, knee ligament repairs or reconstructions and knee arthroscopies were excluded from the study. Patients were categorised into three groups on objective clinical assessment: those who were positive for either meniscal or cruciate ligament injury [group 1]; both meniscal and cruciate ligament injury [group 2] and those with highly suggestive symptoms and with negative clinical signs [group 3]. MRI was requested for confirmation of diagnosis and for additional information in all these patients. Two experienced radiologists reported MRI films. Clinical and MRI findings were compared with Arthroscopy as the gold standard. A thorough clinical examination performed by a skilled examiner more accurately correlated at Arthroscopy. MRI added no information in group 1 patients, valuable information in group 2 and was equivocal in group 3 patients. A negative MRI did not prevent an arthroscopy. In this study, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were more favourable for clinical examination though MRI was more sensitive for meniscal injuries. The use of MRI as a supplemental tool in the management of meniscal and ligament injuries should be highly individualised by an experienced surgeon.
Animal Bodies , Colonial Subjects : ( Re ) Locating Animality in Decolonial Thought

In this paper, I argue that animal domestication, speciesism, and other modern human-animal interactions in North America are possible because of and through the erasure of Indigenous bodies and the emptying of Indigenous lands for settler-colonial expansion. That is, we cannot address animal oppression or talk about animal liberation without naming and subsequently dismantling settler colonialism and white supremacy as political machinations that require the simultaneous exploitation and/or erasure of animal and Indigenous bodies. I begin by re-framing animality as a politics of space to suggest that animal bodies are made intelligible in the settler imagination on stolen, colonized, and re-settled Indigenous lands. Thinking through Andrea Smith’s logics of white supremacy, I then re-center anthropocentrism as a racialized and speciesist site of settler coloniality to re-orient decolonial thought toward animality. To critique the ways in which Indigenous bodies and epistemologies are at stake in neoliberal re-figurings of animals as settler citizens, I reject the colonial politics of recognition developed in Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka’s recent monograph, Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights (Oxford University Press 2011) because it militarizes settler-colonial infrastructures of subjecthood and governmentality. I then propose a decolonized animal ethic that finds legitimacy in Indigenous cosmologies to argue that decolonization can only be reified through a totalizing disruption of those power apparatuses (i.e., settler colonialism, anthropocentrism, white supremacy, and neoliberal pluralism) that lend the settler state sovereignty, normalcy, and futurity insofar as animality is a settler-colonial particularity.
Favourable prognosis with modified dosing of docetaxel and cisplatin in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND
The long-term efficacy and safety of docetaxel/cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in Japanese patients was evaluated in order to find an optional regimen for ovarian cancer.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Women with surgically resected stage Ic-IV epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with docetaxel 70 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 4 weeks.


RESULTS
Ninety women were enrolled of whom 89 (median age, 54 years) received a median of 6 cycles (range 1 to 9). With a median 38 months'follow-up, median progression-free survival was 28 months (95% lower confidence interval, 24 months) in 60 patients with stage III-IV disease. The overall response rate for 20 patients was 45%. Neutropenia was the most common (67%) grade 3/4 toxicity. Major grade 3/4 nonhaematological toxicities were gastrointestinal toxicities (< or = 11%) and fatigue (8%). No grade 3/4 neurotoxicity was observed.


CONCLUSION
The combination of docetaxel/cisplatin is a regimen with favourable progression-free survival for ovarian cancer.
Consumer brand relationships: an investigation of two alternative models

Many studies have proposed the use of the relationship metaphor to enhance the understanding of the relationship between consumers and brands. However, few studies have empirically tested consumer-brand relationship models. In this paper, the authors argue that the success of developing empirical models of consumer-brand relationships depends on the adequacy of the metaphoric transfer. The authors compare two models of consumer-brand relationships-the brand relationship quality (BRQ) model and the relationship investment (RI) model on the basis of empirical fit and model interpretation. They modify both models to better accommodate less involving relationships and test them in two studies. The findings suggest that the modified RI model offers a straightforward interpretation of consumer–brand relationships that vary in intensity. The results from the BRQ model are less clear, though further refinements of the model demonstrates the increased potential of the BRQ model compared with traditional attitude models to explain relationships between consumers and brands.
One-Shot-Learning Gesture Recognition using HOG-HOF Features

The purpose of this thesis is to describe one-shot-learning gesture recognition systems developed on the ChaLearn Gesture Dataset [3]. We use RGB and depth images and combine appearance (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) and motion descriptors (Histogram of Optical Flow) for parallel temporal segmentation and recognition. The Quadratic-Chi distance family is used to measure differences between histograms to capture cross-bin relationships. We also propose a new algorithm for trimming videos — to remove all the unimportant frames from videos. Our two methods both outperform other published methods and help narrow down the gap between human performance and algorithms on this task. The code has been made publicly available in the MLOSS repository.
Avoiding moving obstacles during visual navigation

Moving obstacle avoidance is a fundamental requirement for any robot operating in real environments, where pedestrians, bicycles and cars are present. In this work, we design and validate a new approach that takes explicitly into account obstacle velocities, to achieve safe visual navigation in outdoor scenarios. A wheeled vehicle, equipped with an actuated pinhole camera and with a lidar, must follow a path represented by key images, without colliding with the obstacles. To estimate the obstacle velocities, we design a Kalman-based observer. Then, we adapt the tentacles designed in [1], to take into account the predicted obstacle positions. Finally, we validate our approach in a series of simulated and real experiments, showing that when the obstacle velocities are considered, the robot behaviour is safer, smoother, and faster than when it is not.
Predicting the winning side of DotA 2

In this paper, we tried using logistic regression to predict the winning side of DotA2 games based on hero lineups. We collected data using API provided by the game developer. We find out that only based on hero lineup to predict the game result is not good enough. We also tried to select feature using stepwise regression and the result is better than using all the heroes and hero combos as features.
Deep Learning for Lip Reading using Audio-Visual Information for Urdu Language

Human lip-reading is a challenging task. It requires not only knowledge of underlying language but also visual clues to predict spoken words. Experts need certain level of experience and understanding of visual expressions learning to decode spoken words. Now-a-days, with the help of deep learning it is possible to translate lip sequences into meaningful words. The speech recognition in the noisy environments can be increased with the visual information [1]. To demonstrate this, in this project, we have tried to train two different deep-learning models for lip-reading: first one for video sequences using spatiotemporal convolution neural network, Bi-gated recurrent neural network and Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss, and second for audio that inputs the MFCC features to a layer of LSTM cells and output the sequence. We have also collected a small audio-visual dataset to train and test our model. Our target is to integrate our both models to improve the speech recognition in the noisy environment.
Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: a controlled clinical trial.

CONTEXT
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is widely used for airway management of children in the out-of-hospital setting, despite a lack of controlled trials demonstrating a positive effect on survival or neurological outcome.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the survival and neurological outcomes of pediatric patients treated with bag-valve-mask ventilation (BVM) with those of patients treated with BVM followed by ETI.


DESIGN
Controlled clinical trial, in which patients were assigned to interventions by calendar day from March 15, 1994, through January 1, 1997.


SETTING
Two large, urban, rapid-transport emergency medical services (EMS) systems.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 830 consecutive patients aged 12 years or younger or estimated to weigh less than 40 kg who required airway management; 820 were available for follow-up.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were assigned to receive either BVM (odd days; n = 410) or BVM followed by ETI (even days; n = 420).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Survival to hospital discharge and neurological status at discharge from an acute care hospital compared by treatment group.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in survival between the BVM group (123/404 [30%]) and the ETI group (110/416 [26%]) (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.11) or in the rate of achieving a good neurological outcome (BVM, 92/404 [23%] vs ETI, 85/416 [20%]) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62-1.22).


CONCLUSION
These results indicate that the addition of out-of-hospital ETI to a paramedic scope of practice that already includes BVM did not improve survival or neurological outcome of pediatric patients treated in an urban EMS system.
Fractal Synthesis: Invited Tutorial

This paper will describe Fractal Synthesis, which is a new set of synthesis, clustering, and packing algorithms for FPGA devices, which dramatically increases the utilization and effective performance for arithmetic rich designs. The emergence of AI inferencing as a significant new FPGA application has brought some of the shortcomings of the FPGA and current design flows into focus. We describe new results where near 100% logic utilization of the FPGA is not only possible, but deterministic, with consistent high clock rates. Alternately, smaller datapaths can be synthesized, and combined to make chip filling designs. In one benchmark consisting of purely arithmetic datapath for a large Stratix®10 FPGA (E-2 speedgrade), we will show 92% logic utilization at 460 MHz for an automatically placed arithmetic datapath, and 410MHz with 97% logic utilization. Furthermore, we describe new results, where these performance and density level can be applied to non-arithmetic designs, by extending these techniques to placement.