LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Discrete Heisenberg-Weyl Group and modular group

It is shown that the generators of two discrete Heisenberg-Weyl groups with irrational rotation numbers 0 and 1 / # generate the whole algebra L': of operators on L : (R) . The natural action of the modular group in Lg is implied. Applications to dynamical algebras appearing in lattice regularization and some duality principles are discussed. Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991): 47A60, 47A67, 22D25. When writing a contribution to a memorial volume, one always feels a mixture of admiration for the deceased and sorrow of a loss. Because of a difference in age and geographical Cand/or political) obstructions, I did not have any significant personal scientific encounters with Julian Schwmger. But our brief exchanges during several short meetings and, most of all, reading his papers influenced my way of thinking and writing to a great extent. Together with his colossal work on QED and general quantum field theory, Schwinger did pay attention to technical problems pertaining to ordinai T nonrelativistic quantum mechanics [ 1 ]. So I hope that the comments in this Letter, which are confined to the objects in a simplest Hilbert space of quantum theory', namely Ln(R), would still amuse him. My excuse is that these comments were generated by a dynamical pioblem in quantum field theol T. What I want to discuss is, to my belief, the base of several "duality principles', which appear nowadays, i.e., in connection with string theory and conformal field theory. However, I shall not go into the technicalities of these subjects. More on these will be mentioned in the conclusion of this Letter. I consider a Hilbert space H, where the usual coordinate and momentum operators Q and t ~, satisfying the Heisenberg commutation rule
Early hematopoiesis and macrophage development.

The paradigm that all blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been challenged by two findings. First, there are tissue-resident hematopoietic cells, including subsets of macrophages that are not replenished by adult HSCs, but instead are maintained by self-renewal of fetal-derived cells. Second, during embryogenesis, there is a conserved program of HSC-independent hematopoiesis that precedes HSC function and is required for embryonic survival. The presence of waves of HSC-independent hematopoiesis as well as fetal HSCs raises questions about the origin of fetal-derived adult tissue-resident macrophages. In the murine embryo, historical examination of embryonic macrophage and monocyte populations combined with recent reports utilizing genetic lineage-tracing approaches has led to a model of macrophage ontogeny that can be integrated with existing models of hematopoietic ontogeny. The first wave of hematopoiesis contains primitive erythroid, megakaryocyte and macrophage progenitors that arise in the yolk sac, and these macrophage progenitors are the source of early macrophages throughout the embryo, including the liver. A second wave of multipotential erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) also arises in the yolk sac. EMPs colonize the fetal liver, initiating myelopoiesis and forming macrophages. Lineage tracing indicates that this second wave of macrophages are distributed in most fetal tissues, although not appreciably in the brain. Thus, fetal-derived adult tissue-resident macrophages, other than microglia, appear to predominately derive from EMPs. While HSCs emerge at midgestation and colonize the fetal liver, the relative contribution of fetal HSCs to tissue macrophages at later stages of development is unclear. The inclusion of macrophage potential in multiple waves of hematopoiesis is consistent with reports of their functional roles throughout development in innate immunity, phagocytosis, and tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. Understanding the influences of developmental origin, as well as local tissue-specific signals, will be necessary to fully decode the diverse functions and responses of tissue-resident macrophages.
A critical challenge: dosage-related efficacy and acute complication intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
Previous studies showed improvement in heart function by injecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after AMI. Emerging evidence suggested that both the number and function of BMSCs decline with ageing. We designed a randomized, controlled trial to further investigate the safety and efficacy of this treatment.


METHODS
Patients with ST-elevation AMI undergoing successful reperfusion treatment within 12 hours were randomly assigned to receive an intracoronary infusion of BMSCs (n=21) or standard medical treatment (n=22) (the numbers of patients were limited because of the complication of coronary artery obstruction).


RESULTS
There is a closely positive correlation of the number and function of BMSCs vs. the cardiac function reflected by LVEF at baseline (r=0.679, P=0.001) and at 12-month follow-up (r=0.477, P=0.039). Six months after cell administration, myocardial viability within the infarct area by 18-FDG SPECT was improved in both groups compared with baseline, but no significant difference in the BMSCs compared with control groups (4.0±0.4% 95%CI 3.1-4.9 vs. 3.2±0.5% 95%CI 2.1-4.3, P=0.237). 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT demonstrated that myocardial perfusion within the infarct area in the BMSCs did not differ from the control group (4.4±0.5% 95%CI 3.2-5.5 vs. 3.9±0.6% 95%CI 2.6-5.2, P=0.594). Similarly, LVEF after 12 and 24 months follow-up did not show any difference between the two groups. In the BMSCs group, one patient suffered a serious complication of coronary artery occlusion during the BMSCs injection procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical benefits of intracoronary injection of autologous BMSCs in acute STEMI patients need further investigation and reevaluation.
Development of a handheld fluorescence imaging device to investigate the characteristics of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in healthy and diseased skin.

BACKGROUND
Topical Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for superficial non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and dysplasia. During PDT light activates the photosensitiser (PpIX), metabolised from a topical pro-drug. A combination of PpIX, light and molecular oxygen results in inflammation and cell death. However, the outcomes of the treatment could be better. Insufficient biosynthesis of PpIX may be one of the causes of incomplete response or recurrence. Measuring surface fluorescence is usually employed as a means of studying PpIX formation. The aim of this work was to develop a device and a method for convenient fluorescence imaging in clinical settings to gather information on PpIX metabolism in healthy skin and NMSC with a view to improving PDT regimes.


METHODS
A handheld fluorescence camera and a time course imaging method was developed and used in healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). The photosensitiser (precursor) creams used were 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA; Ameluz(®)) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL; Metvix(®)). Pain was assessed using a visual analogue score immediately after the PDT.


RESULTS
Fluorescence due to PpIX increases over three hours incubation in healthy skin and in lesional BCC and AK. Distribution of PpIX fluorescence varies between the lesion types and between subjects. There was no significant correlation between PpIX fluorescence characteristics and pro-drug, diagnosis or pain experienced. However, there was a clear dependence on body site.


CONCLUSION
The device and the method developed can be used to assess the characteristics of PpIX fluorescence, quantitative analysis and time course. Our findings show that body site influences PpIX fluorescence which we suggest may be due to the difference in skin temperature at different body sites.
Validation of the Rossmax S150 wrist blood pressure monitor for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010.

OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the automated oscillometric wrist blood pressure monitor Rossmax S150 for home blood pressure monitoring according to the International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension revision 2010.


METHODS
Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were sequentially measured in 33 adult Chinese (16 women, mean age of 54 years) using a mercury sphygmomanometer (two observers) and the Rossmax S150 device (one supervisor). Ninety-nine pairs of comparisons were obtained from 33 participants for judgments in two parts with three grading phases. Data analysis was carried out using the ESHIP analyzer.


RESULTS
The Rossmax S150 device achieved the targets in part 1 of the validation study. The number of absolute differences between device and observers within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg was 70/99, 90/99, and 97/99, respectively, for systolic blood pressure, and 84/99, 98/99, and 99/99, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure. The device also achieved the criteria in part 2 of the validation study. Twenty-six and 29 participants for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, had at least two of the three device-observers differences within 5 mmHg (required ≥ 24). Three and two participants for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, had all three device-observers comparisons greater than 5 mmHg.


CONCLUSION
The Rossmax wrist blood pressure monitor S150 has passed the requirements of the International Protocol revision 2010, and hence can be recommended for home use in adults.
Performance analysis in loosely-coupled distributed systems

A great deal of work is currently underway to develop infrastructure for supporting a looselycoupled computational model over the Internet. This is based on the standardization of Web Services interfaces and protocols to allow application-to-application communication and interoperability using XML messaging[1]. An example of an existing Web Service is the Google search API for programmatic access to Google's search service[2]. Another is the Microsoft Passport which maintains an online identity for users that can be accessed by other applications for purposes of authentication[3]. With the introduction of comprehensive interoperability standards, it is expected that Web Services will become more and more common. Consequently deployment aspects which remain signi cant challenges for the service provider need to be addressed, including, among others, performance, con guration, management, security and dependability. This paper considers some of the performance-related issues which must be tackled in order that the potential for Web Services to provide a truly global distributed system be achieved.
Surgically modifiable factors measured by computer-navigation together with patient-specific factors predict knee society score after total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND
The purpose was to investigate whether patient-specific factors (PSF) and surgically modifiable factors (SMF), measured by means of a computer-assisted navigation system, can predict the Knee Society Scores (KSS) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).


METHODS
Data from 99 patients collected during a randomized clinical trial were used for this secondary data analysis. The KSS scores of the patients were measured preoperatively and at 4-years follow-up. Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate which combination of variables would be the best to predict the 4-years KSS scores.


RESULTS
When considering SMF alone the combination of four of them significantly predicted the 4-years KSS-F score (p = 0.009), explaining 18 % of its variation. When considering only PSF the combination of age and body weight significantly predicted the 4-years KSS-F (p = 0.008), explaining 11 % of its variation. When considering both groups of predictors simultaneously the combination of three PSF and two SMF significantly predicted the 4-years KSS-F (p = 0.007), explaining 20 % of its variation.


CONCLUSIONS
Younger age, better preoperative KSS-F scores and lower BMI before surgery, a positive tibial component slope and small changes in femoral offset were predictors of better KSS-F scores at 4-years.
Effect of curcumin on the modulation of αA- and αB-crystallin and heat shock protein 70 in selenium-induced cataractogenesis in Wistar rat pups

PURPOSE
To investigate the expression of αA- and αB-crystallin and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) during curcumin treatment of selenium-induced cataractogenesis in Wistar rat pups.


METHODS
Group I Wistar rat pups received only saline and served as the control. Group II Wistar rat pups were intraperitoneally injected with selenium (15 µM/kg bodyweight) to induce cataract. Group III Wistar rat pups also underwent selenium-induced cataract but were cotreated with 75 mg/kg body weight of curcumin (single oral dose). Group IV Wistar rat pups with selenium-induced cataract were post-treated with curcumin at the group III dosage 24 h after selenium administration. Group V Wistar rat pups with selenium-induced cataract were pretreated with curcumin at the group III dosage 24 h before selenium administration.


RESULTS
This study found higher levels of αA- and αB-crystallin and Hsp 70 in lenses injected with selenium alone (group II) than in control lenses (group I). Similar results were observed in the group III and IV lenses. In contrast, in group V, the presence of curcumin 24 h before selenium injection decreased the αA- and αB-crystallin and Hsp 70 levels to almost the same as those found in group I lenses.


CONCLUSIONS
Curcumin suppressed the expression of selenite-induced αA- and αB-crystallin and Hsp 70, and may therefore suppress cataract formation in rat pups.
Predictors of fibromyalgia: a population-based twin cohort study

BACKGROUND
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain syndrome, the mechanisms and predictors of which are still unclear. We have earlier validated a set of FM-symptom questions for detecting possible FM in an epidemiological survey and thereby identified a cluster with "possible FM". This study explores prospectively predictors for membership of that FM-symptom cluster.


METHODS
A population-based sample of 8343 subjects of the older Finnish Twin Cohort replied to health questionnaires in 1975, 1981, and 1990. Their answers to the set of FM-symptom questions in 1990 classified them in three latent classes (LC): LC1 with no or few symptoms, LC2 with some symptoms, and LC3 with many FM symptoms. We analysed putative predictors for these symptom classes using baseline (1975 and 1981) data on regional pain, headache, migraine, sleeping, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, and zygosity, adjusted for age, gender, and education. Those with a high likelihood of having fibromyalgia at baseline were excluded from the analysis. In the final multivariate regression model, regional pain, sleeping problems, and overweight were all predictors for membership in the class with many FM symptoms.


RESULTS
The strongest non-genetic predictor was frequent headache (OR 8.6, CI 95% 3.8-19.2), followed by persistent back pain (OR 4.7, CI 95% 3.3-6.7) and persistent neck pain (OR 3.3, CI 95% 1.8-6.0).


CONCLUSIONS
Regional pain, frequent headache, and persistent back or neck pain, sleeping problems, and overweight are predictors for having a cluster of symptoms consistent with fibromyalgia.
Comparison between endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
To investigate whether endoscopic stapes surgery is safer and less invasive than conventional stapes surgery using an operating microscope.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective study.


METHODS
The subjects were 15 patients (15 ears) who underwent endoscopic stapes surgery for otosclerosis or congenital stapedial fixation. Another 35 patients (41 ears) in whom microscopic stapes surgery was performed by the same surgeon were assigned to the control group. The procedures for endoscopic surgery were fundamentally the same as those for microscopic surgery, unless there was no anterior or posterior auricular skin incision. The two surgical techniques were compared with respect to the operating time, postoperative hearing, complications, postoperative pain, and the extent of drilling at the posterosuperior part of the external auditory canal.


RESULTS
There were no differences of operating time or postoperative hearing between the endoscopic and microscopic groups. There was very little postoperative pain in the endoscopic group. Postoperative dizziness was mild in all patients who received endoscopic surgery. Drilling at the posterosuperior part of the external auditory canal was less extensive in the endoscopic group than in the microscopic group.


CONCLUSION
Endoscopic surgery is particularly suitable for stapedial disease. Endoscopic stapes surgery can even be done in patients with a curved and narrow external auditory canal. Endoscopic surgery is also suitable for education: The surgical anatomy can be understood easily and both the surgeon and assistants can observe the procedure on the same monitor. However, it should only be performed by experienced surgeons because one-handed manipulation is required and stereoscopic vision is not available.
Factors affecting mortality and epidemiological data in patients hospitalised with burns in Diyarbakir, Turkey.

BACKGROUND
Burns continue to be responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study we aimed to determine the factors affecting mortality and epidemiological data by examining the records of burned patients.


METHOD
The hospital records of 980 patients who were hospitalised in the Burns Unit at Dicle University Hospital (DUH) between June 1994 and July 1999 were examined for factors affecting mortality. Factors evaluated included gender, age, burn type, degree and extent of burn, prognosis and length of hospitalisation (LH). We investigated the relationship (if any) between the demographic data, degree and extent of burns and mortality and morbidity rates.


RESULTS
The study group consisted of 325 males (33.2%) and 655 females (66.8%). Of the patients 738 (75.3%) were children (age under 15 years), 217 (22.1%) were younger adults (age 15-50 years), and 25 (2.6%) were older adults (age over 50 years). The mean age was 11.2 +/- 14.01 years (range 15 days-95 years). Of the burns 618 (63.1%) were scalds, 199 (20.3%) burns from a flame and 163 (16.6%) electrical burns. The mean extent of burn was 24.3 +/- 14.5% (range 1-95%). Seven hundred and eighty-seven (80.3%) of the study group made a full recovery, 131 (13.4%) were discharged from hospital after partial recovery, and 62 (6.3%) died. The mean LH was 11.33 +/- 8.8 days (range 1-67 days). There was a positive correlation between burn extent and mortality (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) and between age and type of burn (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001). While scalds had the highest frequency among children, flame and electrical burns were most common in the adult and older adult groups. There was also a positive correlation between degree and type of burn (r = 0.32, p = 0.0001), scalds tending to be more superficial while flame and electrical burns were generally more serious. Deaths of patients with extensive burns usually occurred in the first 5 days following injury due to acute renal failure and hypovolaemic shock, while deaths from moderate and minor burns usually occurred after 7 days and were due to wound infection and sepsis.


CONCLUSION
We found positive correlations between age and type of burn, degree and type of burn, and the extent of burn and mortality. The overall mortality rate for our unit was 6.3%.
HCMM: Modelling spatial and temporal properties of human mobility driven by users' social relationships

Please cite this article in press as: C. Boldrini, A relationships, Comput. Commun. (2010), doi:10 In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), the mobility of the network users can heavily affect the performance of networking protocols because it causes sudden connectivity changes and topological variations. This is even more important in recent promising paradigms proposed in this field, such as opportunistic and delay tolerant networks. For this reason, it is important to understand the characteristics of the user movements in order to properly handle mobility when designing networking protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In addition, it is highly desirable to have a mobility model that accurately reproduces the user mobility, thus enabling researchers to evaluate, either analytically or by means of simulations, their protocols under realistic mobility conditions. Recently, there have been many studies aimed to uncover the nature of human movements. In this paper, based on recent literature, we identify three main properties that are fundamental to characterize human mobility. Then, we propose a mobility model (HCMM) that integrates all these three features. To the best of our knowledge, the model proposed is the first one that combines notions about the sociality of users with spatial properties observed in real users movement patterns, i.e., their preference to spend time in a limited number of popular locations and to preferentially select short distances over longer ones. We study the HCMM both through simulation and analysis. Based on this study, we highlight some of its important temporal and spatial features, and we show that they are correctly reproduced in terms of key indicators such as jump size and inter-contact time distribution. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Special Issue: Representing functionality in design

, As designs exist to satisfy some purpose or function, knowledge of functionality is essential in a wide variety of designrelated activities, including generation and modification of designs, comparison, evaluation and selection of designs, and explanation, diagnosis or repair of designs. Functional modelling refers to a wide variety of approaches to model a design and its requirements from its functional aspects so as to allow reasoning about its functionality for various activities such as the above. Function has been historically interpreted in a wide variety of ways: for instance, as an abstraction of the intended behavior of a design, an indexing of its intended behavior, the relationship between a design and its environment, the external behavior of a design, or its internal behavior. Functional reasoning as a design approach has been around for at least 25 years now (Koller, Rodenacker, and Roth in Germany, French in the United Kingdom, Freeman and Newell in the United States, Hubka in Switzerland, and Yoshikawa in Japan are but a few examples of the early researchers in this area), and have attempted to support design in the conceptual stage by methods and approaches to describe function, to establish function structures (e.g., by using generally valid functions), to satisfy these subfunctions and combine them into concept alternatives (e.g., by using catalogues of physical effects and working principles), and to evaluate these (e.g., by using morphological matrices). However, the emphasis was largely prescriptive, and computer supports passive in nature. The advent of computers and the development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques provided a renewed focus on reasoning about functions, extending the area into diagnosis and explanation, and allowed computers to take a more active role in the design process, especially in its generative aspects. A formal representation of functionality is essential for supporting any of th€se activities on computers. Tradition-