LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Three-Terminal Probe Reconfigurable Phase-Change Material Switches

We present the realization of a novel three-terminal electronic switch using phase-change (PC) chalcogenide material. This device subdivides a single PC switch into a parallel array of three-terminal subvias which are addressed with atomic-force-microscopy cantilever probes. This subdivision reduces the required switching current to acceptable levels. Vias of Ge50Sb50 are demonstrated in this switch topology and are switched between high- and low-resistance states. The vias show an off/on resistance ratio of approximately 100×, which can be applied in radio-frequency switching applications. This dynamic range is 10× less than that observed in sheet films of this material, with the main loss being a reduction in resistivity between the sheet-film off-state and the device off-state. The device off -state resistivity is similar in the as-fabricated state and the reamorphized state.
Images of God: The E ffec t of Personal Theolog ies on Moral Att itudes, Political Affi liation, and Religious Behavior

Social scientists often explain religious effects in terms of religious group affiliations. Typically, researchers identify religious groups by denomination or some broader popular categorization, such as “fundamentalist” or “evangelical.” To capture religious differences more effectively, Steensland et al. (2000) propose an intricate classification of American denominations that takes into account the theology and historical development of various American religious traditions to predict individual attitudes and behaviors. We believe that equal care and attention should be devoted to the development of key measures of belief that may cross denominational lines. In this article, we propose one such measure: personal conceptions or images of God. Our simple measure of conceptions of God predicts church attendance rates, belief in biblical literalism, political party identification, attitudes toward abortion, and attitudes about sexual morality. In addition, this indicator provides a means to understand variation within religious traditions. Views of God’s character provide a straightforward way to describe religious differences and an efficient means to demonstrate how religion affects the world. Bader and Froese: Images of God 3 The significance of religion is ... a reflection of what God as the object of religion does to our worldview. Georg Simmel 1997 (1904) When we say that someone is very religious, what do we mean? To judge by much of the research literature, we mean that the person belongs to a particular religious group (e.g., Baptist rather than Unitarian) or to a particular type of religious group (e.g., “fundamentalist” or “evangelical,” as opposed to “liberal” or “moderate”). Even so, when we ask what these markers of religiousness represent, the answer almost always involves some aspect of belief. That is, most fundamentalists and evangelicals believe things that most moderates and liberals do not. But if that is the actual basis of individual religious differences, why don’t we use it? Certainly, denominational affiliation provides a measure that can be used to investigate the impact of group membership on the individual, but it fails to demonstrate how religious faith affects the individual. If we want to investigate the influence of religion on attitudes and behaviors, it behooves us to determine whether there exists a direct connection between religious belief and attitudes and behavior. In this article, we demonstrate that measures of individual conceptions of God reduce the misclassifications that arise when the “fundamentalist” minority of Episcopalians is scored as liberal and the liberals among the Southern Baptists are scored as fundamentalists in current denominational typologies. We begin with a review of the most persuasive and admired denominational classification scheme.
Incorporating domain knowledge in chemical and biomedical named entity recognition with word representations

BACKGROUND
Chemical and biomedical Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an essential prerequisite task before effective text mining can begin for biochemical-text data. Exploiting unlabeled text data to leverage system performance has been an active and challenging research topic in text mining due to the recent growth in the amount of biomedical literature. We present a semi-supervised learning method that efficiently exploits unlabeled data in order to incorporate domain knowledge into a named entity recognition model and to leverage system performance. The proposed method includes Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks for text preprocessing, learning word representation features from a large amount of text data for feature extraction, and conditional random fields for token classification. Other than the free text in the domain, the proposed method does not rely on any lexicon nor any dictionary in order to keep the system applicable to other NER tasks in bio-text data.


RESULTS
We extended BANNER, a biomedical NER system, with the proposed method. This yields an integrated system that can be applied to chemical and drug NER or biomedical NER. We call our branch of the BANNER system BANNER-CHEMDNER, which is scalable over millions of documents, processing about 530 documents per minute, is configurable via XML, and can be plugged into other systems by using the BANNER Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) interface. BANNER-CHEMDNER achieved an 85.68% and an 86.47% F-measure on the testing sets of CHEMDNER Chemical Entity Mention (CEM) and Chemical Document Indexing (CDI) subtasks, respectively, and achieved an 87.04% F-measure on the official testing set of the BioCreative II gene mention task, showing remarkable performance in both chemical and biomedical NER. BANNER-CHEMDNER system is available at: https://bitbucket.org/tsendeemts/banner-chemdner.
Charge recycled low power SRAM with integrated write and read assist, for wearable electronics, designed in 7nm FinFET

A recent trend in the electronics industry is the concept of intelligent wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT) such as smart watches, fitness trackers, smart sensors, and smart glasses. Low power consumption is a requirement of the processors and the increasingly large embedded SRAMs in such devices. Lowering the operating voltage of these devices makes them low power. However, process variation at lower voltages causes read and write reliability issues in SRAM bitcells. To overcome issues in SRAM reliability, we present a novel, integrated read and write assist scheme with area and power savings as compared to existing state of the art schemes. For write assist, we inject negative bitline bias to raise the gate to source voltage of the bitcell access transistor, improving write margin. For read assist, we lower bitline precharge levels by adding one transistor per bitline column. Area and power savings come from capacitance sharing between the read and write assist circuitry and by precharging bitlines using recycled charged. In our SRAM implementation of the proposed circuit, we found as high as 10% dynamic power savings during bitline precharging. Using negative bitline techniques further reduced power consumption through an approximately 150mV reduction in operating voltage. Depending on the read and write margin requirements, capacitors in the design can be programmable and isolated for flexibility. The SRAM array presented in this paper also utilizes a variety of leakage reduction modes. In terms of area, for a 16384×72m8fb8 memory instance, the area overhead was only 1.7%. SRAMs using the low power, low area overhead assist scheme and the leakage reduction modes can have significant applications in wearable electronics and IoT.
Blood blisterlike aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

OBJECT
An aneurysm arising from the anterior wall of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a poorly understood entity. A small hemispherical bulge from the anterior wall of the ICA, which is called a "blood blisterlike aneurysm" (BBA), may be confused with a tiny berry aneurysm although the clinical features are distinctly different. This paper summarizes the clinical course of patients with this lesion to clarify the nature of the BBA.


METHODS
Six patients with BBAs who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are described. In all patients, the initial angiogram obtained soon after SAH showed only a small bulge from the anterior wall of the ICA. In three of the six patients this bulge had progressed to a saccular appearance within a few weeks. The wall of the lesion was so thin and fragile that the aneurysm ruptured at the base during clipping or within a few hours after clipping in two patients.


CONCLUSIONS
From the authors' experience, as well as a review of the literature, which includes an autopsy study of similar cases, it is inferred that these lesions are focal wall defects covered only with thin fibrous tissue and that they are therefore not true aneurysms. Direct clipping often causes laceration of the lesion, whereas complete wrapping or clipping after wrapping is effective, but may fail to prevent growth of the aneurysm. Endovascular occlusion of the cervical ICA with or without bypass surgery, which is less risky than direct surgery, is another option.
The influence of a series of five dry cupping treatments on pain and mechanical thresholds in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain - a randomised controlled pilot study

BACKGROUND
In this preliminary trial we investigated the effects of dry cupping, an ancient method for treating pain syndromes, on patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Sensory mechanical thresholds and the participants' self-reported outcome measures of pain and quality of life were evaluated.


METHODS
Fifty patients (50.5 ± 11.9 years) were randomised to a treatment group (TG) or a waiting-list control group (WL). Patients in the TG received a series of 5 cupping treatments over a period of 2 weeks; the control group did not. Self-reported outcome measures before and after the cupping series included the following: Pain at rest (PR) and maximal pain related to movement (PM) on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), pain diary (PD) data on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and health-related quality of life (SF-36). In addition, the mechanical-detection thresholds (MDT), vibration-detection thresholds (VDT), and pressure-pain thresholds (PPT) were determined at pain-related and control areas.


RESULTS
Patients of the TG had significantly less pain after cupping therapy than patients of the WL group (PR: Δ-22.5 mm, p = 0.00002; PM: Δ-17.8 mm, p = 0.01). Pain diaries (PD) revealed that neck pain decreased gradually in the TG patients and that pain reported by the two groups differed significantly after the fifth cupping session (Δ-1.1, p = 0.001). There were also significant differences in the SF-36 subscales for bodily pain (Δ13.8, p = 0.006) and vitality (Δ10.2, p = 0.006). Group differences in PPT were significant at pain-related and control areas (all p < 0.05), but were not significant for MDT or VDT.


CONCLUSIONS
A series of five dry cupping treatments appeared to be effective in relieving chronic non-specific neck pain. Not only subjective measures improved, but also mechanical pain sensitivity differed significantly between the two groups, suggesting that cupping has an influence on functional pain processing.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01289964).
Long-Term QoS-Aware Cloud Service Composition Using Multivariate Time Series Analysis

We propose a cloud service composition framework that selects the optimal composition based on an end user's long-term Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In a typical cloud environment, existing solutions are not suitable when service providers fail to provide the long-term QoS provision advertisements. The proposed framework uses a new multivariate QoS analysis to predict the long-term QoS provisions from service providers' historical QoS data and short-term advertisements represented using Time Series. The quality of the QoS prediction is improved by incorporating QoS attributes' intra correlations into the multivariate analysis. To select the optimal service composition, the proposed framework uses QoS time series' inter correlations and performs a novel time series group similarity approach on the predicted QoS values. Experiments are conducted on real QoS dataset and results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.
CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF PRISM ONBOARD ALOS

This paper introduces the updated plans for sensor calibration and product validation of the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), which is to fly on the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) satellite that will be launched this Japanese fiscal year. PRISM is used to derive digital elevation models (DEMs) with very high spatial resolution, which is also one of the objectives of the ALOS mission. To achieve this objective, PRISM consists of three panchromatic radiometers for forward-, nadir-, and backward-looking in the along-track direction, and acquires the images in the same orbit and at almost the same time. The geometric calibration is important in generating a highly accurate DEM with high spatial resolution by using PRISM’s triplet images. Highly accurate ground control points (GCP) are necessary to calibrate the geometric accuracy and validate the generated DEM. Collecting GCP worldwide is difficult and hard work in spite of its importance. In this paper, we describe the current plans for calibrating and validating PRISM aboard the ALOS, and in particular, our strategies for preparing GCP with evaluation items for geometric calibration, including expected problem effects regarding geometric accuracy.
Antiplatelet Efficacy of Fixed-Dose Aspirin-Clopidogrel Combination in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of aspirin and clopidogrel bisulfate may improve medication adherence. However, the absence of data on the relative antiplatelet efficacy of FDC and separate dual pills (SDP) of aspirin and clopidogrel in real-world patients with stable coronary artery disease is a major factor retarding clinical introduction of such an FDC.


METHODS
This was a single-centre, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Patients who maintained a regimen of separate aspirin and clopidogrel pills for at least 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation without adverse events were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either the FDC group or the SDP group. Antiplatelet efficacy and tolerability were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks.


RESULTS
Of the 93 enrolled patients, 83 (FDC group: n = 42; SDP group: n = 41) completed the study. The difference in the changes in P2Y12 percentage inhibition did not exceed the predetermined value for inferiority [mean difference -1.7; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -6.9 to 4.5, p < 0.001 for non-inferiority]. The changes from baseline to 4 weeks in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) (mean difference 9.7 PRU, p = 0.46), maximal platelet aggregation (mean difference 2.0 %, p = 0.44) and aspirin reaction units (ARU) (mean difference -2.3 ARU, p = 0.88) did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. The tolerability of the FDC formulation was similar to that of SDP therapy (p = 0.68).


CONCLUSION
In patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention, the antiplatelet efficacy of the aspirin/clopidogrel FDC was non-inferior to that of SDP and the tolerability of the two regimens was similar after 4 weeks of treatment.
Near field communication: an assessment for future payment systems

In this paper, we present an assessment of near eld communication (NFC) in the context of a payment market. During these past years, we have been witnessing a number of mobile payment trials based on NFC. Early experiences are already quite encouraging and many expect NFC to become a highly efcient and effective technology for mobile payments. The objective of our research is to evaluate in a systematic manner the potential of NFC as an upcoming technology for mobile payments. In order to ensure the rigor of our research, we used a formal and structured approach based on multi-actor multi-criteria methods. Our research provides one of the rst assessment of NFC and a realistic picture of the current Swiss situation as we involved numerous mobile payment experts. Our ndings show that Swiss industry experts are quite enthusiastic about the future of NFC.
Elicitor-induced rosmarinic acid accumulation and secondary metabolism enzyme activities in Solenostemon scutellarioides

This study aimed to improve rosmarinic acid (RA) production in the whole plant culture of Solenostemon scutellarioides through elicitation. Amongst selected elicitors methyl jasmonate (MJ), salicylic acid (SA), and yeast extract (YE) caused significant elevation in RA accumulation. Elicitation with MJ (50 μM) and SA (50 μM) caused almost 1.7 and 1.4-fold increase in RA accumulation, respectively, within day 1. While YE (100 μg ml−1) elicitation showed highest RA content (~1.5-fold) in day 3. Preceding the elicitor-induced RA accumulation, there was a notable alteration in the specific activities of RA biosynthetic enzymes viz. phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine aminotransferase, hydroxyl-phenylpyruvate reductase and rosmarinic acid synthase up on MJ (50 μM), SA (50 μM) and YE (100 mg ml−1) elicitation. Based on differential responses of aforementioned enzymes, RA synthesis was further scaled up through combination of elicitors in pre-optimized doses. In synergy study, at a time exposure with MJ + SA + YE and MJ + SA followed by YE after 24 h has been found to produce significant elevation of RA (2.0 and 1.9-fold, respectively) within 24 h while later maintained a steady state increased level (~1.7 ± 0.2-fold) over control up to day 7.
Evolution of Auditing: From the Traditional Approach to the Future Audit 1

The purpose of this white paper is to discuss the evolution of auditing and the history of the traditional audit. This white paper is the second essay in the update to the 1999 CICA and AICPA Research Report on Continuous Auditing. This paper is published by the AICPA Assurance Services Executive Committee's Emerging Assurance Technologies Task Force with the intent of offering insight into the traditional audit approach, how it has evolved, and how it might continue to evolve into the future audit. This paper is also intended to provide an improved understanding of movements that have taken and are taking place relative to technology such that readers might better envision how accountants will continue to be the assurance providers of choice in the evolving real-time global economy. The subject matter outlined in this paper is of interest to AICPA members and those in the accounting profession as a whole.
Interaction of smoking and occupational noise exposure on hearing loss: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND
Noise is the most common hazardous agent at workplaces. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been known since the industrial revolution. Although NIHL is permanent, irreversible and frequent, it is preventable. The economic costs of NIHL have been estimated to be about billions of dollars. Besides, cigarette smoking is a common habit worldwide, and according to some recent studies smoking and noise may act in common causal pathways for hearing loss.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was designed to study the effect of smoking on NIHL in 206 male smoker workers and 206 male non-smoker workers in a large food-producing factory, in which workers were exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dBA. To determine noise exposure level, we used sound level measurements reported by industrial hygienists.A qualified audiologist assessed hearing acuity by using standardized audiometric procedures assuring at least 14 h of noise avoidance.


RESULTS
We observed that the percentage of workers with hearing threshold differences of greater than or equal to 30 dB between 4000 Hz and 1000 Hz in both ears were 49.5% and 11.2% in smoker and non smoker groups, respectively (Odds ratio = 7.8, 95% CI = 4.7-13), and the percentage of workers with a hearing threshold of greater than 25 dB at 4000 Hz in the better ear were 63.6% and 18.4% in smoker and non smoker groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant after adjustment for age and exposure duration.


CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that smoking can accelerate noise induced hearing loss, but more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. Accurate follow up of smoker workers who are exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dBA is suggested. Smokers should periodically attend educational courses on "smoking cessation", especially in noisy workplaces.
Exercise and glucose metabolism in persons with diabetes mellitus: perspectives on the role for continuous glucose monitoring.

Exercise causes profound changes in glucose homeostasis. For people with type 1 diabetes, aerobic exercise usually causes blood glucose concentration to drop rapidly, while anaerobic exercise may cause it to rise, thereby making glycemic control challenging. Having the capacity to know their glucose levels and the direction of change during exercise increases self-efficacy in these persons who are prone to hypo- and hyperglycemia. For people with type 2 diabetes, learning first hand that regular exercise improves glucose levels may be a motivating factor in getting them to be more active. Continuous glucose monitoring is a potentially useful adjunct to diabetes management for the active person with either forms of diabetes. This review aims to guide the reader to use this technology to its maximum advantage by providing an overview of technical features, performance characteristics, and clinical utility, all balanced against the limitations that may be more prominent during physical activity.
Effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of fimasartan: a single-dose, open-label, Phase I study

BACKGROUND
Fimasartan is a novel angiotensin II receptor blocker. Fimasartan is mainly eliminated via biliary excretion, and its urinary elimination is less than 3%.


OBJECTIVE
Based on guidance from the United States Food and Drug Administration, a reduced pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted to evaluate the effect of renal function on the PK of fimasartan in patients with renal impairment and healthy volunteers.


METHODS
A single centre, single-dose, open-label, healthy volunteer controlled trial was conducted in patients with renal impairment (RI) (estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and age-, weight- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (estimated glomerular filtration rate higher than 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). All participants received a single oral dose of fimasartan 120 mg, after which serial blood sampling for PK evaluation was conducted. Noncompartmental PK analysis of fimasartan was performed. A mixed-effects model approach was used to identify significant covariates and PK parameters.


RESULTS
Sixteen subjects were enrolled (8 healthy volunteers and 8 RI patients). The maximum plasma concentrations and areas under the plasma concentration curves of the RI patients were higher than those of the healthy volunteers, with geometric mean ratios of 1.87 and 1.73, respectively. The relative bioavailability of fimasartan from the population PK analysis was 77% higher in the RI patients than in the healthy volunteers.


CONCLUSION
The increased drug exposure of fimasartan in RI patients was explained by the increased relative bioavailability. This result can be explained from our knowledge concerning alterations in PK related to renal function.