LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Blood lipid peroxidation (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione) levels in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients.

INTRODUCTION
The existence of hyperglycaemia produces increased oxidative stress. The depletion of antioxidants as a defensive body mechanism may increase the risk of diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus is associated with derangements in the serum levels of several biochemical parameters, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.


METHODS
Data of 80 control subjects (male:female, 40:40) and 80 diabetic patients (male:female, 40:40), of similar age, gender, body mass index and duration of diabetes mellitus (for diabetic group), were collected from government and non-government organisations during the period, 2001-2004. Blood samples were also collected. Glucose, glucosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), TC/HDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C, triacylglycerol, malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels were determined.


RESULTS
Mean cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triacylglycerol levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison to the control subjects, while the mean value of HDL-C was significantly lower. A significant elevation in malondialdehyde level and decrease in glutathione content were observed in both male and female diabetic patients in comparison to the control subjects.


CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the increase in lipid peroxidation, and the decline in antioxidant defences, may appear early in type 2 diabetic patients, before the development of secondary complications. This phenomenon might play an important role in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications. Our results also suggest that there seems to be an imbalance between plasma oxidant and antioxidant systems in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of prevalence

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases. An article search of the ISI Web of Science and PubMed databases using the search terms "sexual dysfunction", "cardiovascular diseases", "coronary artery disease", "myocardial infarct" and "prevalence" was performed. In total, 893 references were found. Non-English-language and repeated references were excluded. After an abstract analysis, 91 references were included for full-text reading, and 24 articles that evaluated sexual function using validated instruments were selected for this review. This research was conducted in October 2012, and no time restrictions were placed on any of the database searches. Reviews and theoretical articles were excluded; only clinical trials and epidemiological studies were selected for this review. The studies were mostly cross-sectional, observational and case-control in nature; other studies used prospective cohort or randomized clinical designs. In women, all domains of sexual function (desire, arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, sexual dissatisfaction and pain) were affected. The domains prevalent in men included erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation and orgasm. Sexual dysfunction was related to the severity of cardiovascular disease. When they resumed sexual activity, patients with heart disease reported significant difficulty, including a lack of interest in sex, sexual dissatisfaction and a decrease in the frequency of sexual activity.
Integrated Internet Marketing

latest CDs; and Quantas makes downloadable software available for itinerary management. These firms are but a fraction of the companies recognizing the Internet as an all-purpose communication medium for interacting with a wide variety of stakeholders. They know they must manage their brands and corporate image in cyberspace [5]. They also know the Internet is not just the Web, but a range of technologies that in combination can be a potent marketing strategy. As organizations stampede to the Internet, they find there is not a systematic way to examine opportunities and relate them to available Internet tools. What is absent, in particular, is a cohesive marketing strategy that applies Internet technologies. Integrated Internet Marketing (IM) is a structured approach that combines marketing strategy with Internet technology. IM promotes creation of a strategy that synergistically exploits the range of Internet technologies (such as text, audio, video, and hyperlinking) to achieve marketing goals. There are two key questions companies should Richard T. Watson, George M. Zinkhan, and Leyland F. Pitt
Patellofemoral kinematics during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing knee extension in persons with lateral subluxation of the patella: a preliminary study.

STUDY DESIGN
Single-group, repeated-measures design.


OBJECTIVE
To compare patellofemoral joint kinematics during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing knee extension in persons with lateral subluxation of the patella.


BACKGROUND
The only previous study to quantify differences in patellofemoral joint kinematics during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing tasks was limited in that static loading conditions were utilized. Differences in patellofemoral joint kinematics between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions have not been quantified during dynamic movement.


METHODS AND MEASURES
Six females with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain and lateral subluxation of the patella participated. Using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging, axial images of the patellofemoral joint were obtained as subjects extended their knee from 45 degrees to 0 degrees during non-weight-bearing (5% body weight resistance) and weight-bearing (unilateral squat) conditions. Measurements of patellofemoral joint relationships (medial/lateral patellar displacement and patellar tilt), as well as femur and patella rotations relative to an external reference system (ie, the image field of view), were obtained at 3 degrees increments during knee extension.


RESULTS
During non-weight-bearing knee extension, lateral patellar displacement was more pronounced than during the weight-bearing condition between 30 degrees and 12 degrees of knee extension, with statistical significance being reached at 27 degrees, 24 degrees, and 21 degrees. No differences in lateral patellar tilt were observed between conditions (P = .065). During the weight-bearing condition, internal femoral rotation was significantly greater than during the non-weight-bearing condition as the knee extended from 18 degrees to 0 degrees. During the non-weight-bearing condition, the amount of lateral patellar rotation was significantly greater than during the weight-bearing condition throughout the range of motion tested.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrated that lateral patellar displacement was more pronounced during non-weight-bearing knee extension compared to weight-bearing knee extension in persons with lateral patellar subluxation. In addition, the results of this investigation suggest that the patellofemoral joint kinematics during non-weight-bearing could be characterized as the patella rotating on the femur, while the patellofemoral joint kinematics during the weight-bearing condition could be characterized as the femur rotating underneath the patella.
Efficacy of graded activity versus supervised exercises in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Low back pain is a relevant public health problem, being an important cause of work absenteeism worldwide, as well as affecting the quality of life of sufferers and their individual functional performances. Supervised active physical routines and of cognitive-behavioral therapies are recommended for the treatment of chronic Low back pain, although evidence to support the effectiveness of different techniques is missing. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to contrast the effectiveness of two types of exercises, graded activity or supervised, in decreasing symptoms of chronic low back pain.


METHODS/DESIGN
Sample will consist of 66 patients, blindly allocated into one of two groups: 1) Graded activity which, based on an operant approach, will use time-contingent methods aiming to increase participants' activity levels; 2) Supervised exercise, where participants will be trained for strengthening, stretching, and motor control targeting different muscle groups. Interventions will last one hour, and will happen twice a week for 6  weeks. Outcomes (pain, disability, quality of life, global perceived effect, return to work, physical activity, physical capacity, and kinesiophobia) will be assessed at baseline, at treatment end, and three and six months after treatment end. Data collection will be conducted by an investigator blinded to treatment allocation.


DISCUSSION
This project describes the randomisation method that will be used to compare the effectiveness of two different treatments for chronic low back pain: graded activity and supervised exercises. Since optimal approach for patients with chronic back pain have yet not been defined based on evidence, good quality studies on the subject are necessary.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01719276.
The Impact of Service Learning on Moral Development and Moral Orientation

When John Dewey discussed the linkage of education and experience in a book by the same name (1938), he simultaneously established experiential learning as pedagogy and embedded in it the central idea that education includes a civic and moral imperative. In doing so, he established a field that would later encompass our modern conception of servicelearning (SL) (Giles, 1991). Although the field of SL has continued to evolve through the work of additional theorists and practitioners, some in the discipline argue that the moral imperatives first discussed by Dewey should not be lost (Hatcher, 1997). SL practitioners in the vein of Dewey who see moral development as an implicit goal of the pedagogy do not shy away from assessing the construct and believe that SL can play an integral role in character development in undergraduate students (Hatcher, 1997; Kohlberg, 1971; Kohlberg, Higgins & Power, 1989; Rest & Narvaez, 1991). Similar to the way Dewey saw moral responsibility as implicit in experiential education, Kohlberg suggested that moral judgment is a developmental phenomenon fostered by individual experiences (Kohlberg, Higgins & Power, 1989). Further, Kohlberg (1971) defined community service as an important out-of-classroom element of moral education which forces students to confront moral issues. He believed that, when presented with a new way of thinking, people may be coaxed into reasoning at higher levels by reorganizing the way they think about a given situation. Rest and Narvaez (1991) have identified community service as a means of promoting moral development, especially at the college level. Despite the belief that SL implicitly teaches moral reasoning, researchers have had difficulty supporting this idea through research. In a compendium of outcomes attributed to SL, Eyler, Giles, Stenson, and Grey (2001) state that “the impact of SL (SL) on student cognitive moral development is mixed” (p. 5). This decision was rendered based on the evidence of four published studies. The purpose of this study was to further examine the SL context in which moral development has been evaluated as an outcome and to expand the definition of moral development to include the dimension of moral orientation.
Effectiveness of topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy for burn scar prevention and management in children: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Abnormal scar development following burn injury can cause substantial physical and psychological distress to children and their families. Common burn scar prevention and management techniques include silicone therapy, pressure garment therapy, or a combination of both. Currently, no definitive, high-quality evidence is available for the effectiveness of topical silicone gel or pressure garment therapy for the prevention and management of burn scars in the paediatric population. Thus, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in children.


METHODS
A randomised controlled trial will be conducted at a large tertiary metropolitan children's hospital in Australia. Participants will be randomised to one of three groups: Strataderm® topical silicone gel only, pressure garment therapy only, or combined Strataderm® topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy. Participants will include 135 children (45 per group) up to 16 years of age who are referred for scar management for a new burn. Children up to 18 years of age will also be recruited following surgery for burn scar reconstruction. Primary outcomes are scar itch intensity and scar thickness. Secondary outcomes include scar characteristics (e.g. colour, pigmentation, pliability, pain), the patient's, caregiver's and therapist's overall opinion of the scar, health service costs, adherence, health-related quality of life, treatment satisfaction and adverse effects. Measures will be completed on up to two sites per person at baseline and 1 week post scar management commencement, 3 months and 6 months post burn, or post burn scar reconstruction. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate regression analyses.


DISCUSSION
Results of this study will determine the effectiveness of three noninvasive scar interventions in children at risk of, and with, scarring post burn or post reconstruction.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616001100482 . Registered on 5 August 2016.
MIP : A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used

This article presents an explicit method that can be reliably employed to identify metaphorically used words in discourse. Our aim is to provide metaphor scholars with a tool that may be flexibly applied to many research contexts. We present the “metaphor identification procedure” (MIP), followed by an example of how the procedure can be applied to identifying metaphorically used words in 1 text. We then suggest a format for reporting the results of MIP, and present the data from our case study describing the empirical reliability of the procedure, discuss several complications associated with using the procedure in practice, and then briefly compare MIP to other proposals on metaphor identification. The final section of the paper suggests ways that MIP may be employed in disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies of metaphor.
Sorting and Incentive Effects of Pay-for-Performance : An Experimental Investigation

Agency theory highlights potential losses in productivity that can occur when the interests of owners and employees are imperfectly aligned. Pay-for-performance (PFP) has been proposed as a potential solution to this problem. Using a real-effort laboratory experiment with salient incentives, we examine the impact of PFP versus fixed-salary (FS) compensation. PFP achieved significantly higher firm productivity through both sorting and incentive effects. In particular, more productive employees selected PFP, and employees on average, regardless of their preferred compensation scheme, produced more under PFP. However, more risk-averse individuals were both less likely to select PFP and less responsive to PFP incentives.
The development of a questionnaire to assess the readiness of health care students for interprofessional learning (RIPLS).

OBJECTIVES
Although shared learning activities are gradually being introduced to health care undergraduates, it has not been possible to measure the effects of educational interventions on students' attitudes. The main objective of this study was to develop a rating scale using items based on the desired outcomes of shared learning, to assess the 'readiness' of health care students for shared learning activities.


DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
A questionnaire study of 120 undergraduate students in 8 health care professions.


RESULTS
Principal components analysis resulted a 3-factor scale with 19 items and having an internal consistency of 0.9. The factors have been initially named 'team-working and collaboration', 'professional-identity' and 'professional roles'.


CONCLUSIONS
The new scale may be used to explore differences in students' perception and attitudes towards multi-professional learning. Further work is necessary to validate the scale amongst a larger population.
A multi-step outlier-based anomaly detection approach to network-wide traffic

Outlier detection is of considerable interest in fields such as physical sciences, medical diagnosis, surveillance detection, fraud detection and network anomaly detection. The data mining and network management research communities are interested in improving existing score-based network traffic anomaly detection techniques because of ample scopes to increase performance. In this paper, we present a multi-step outlier-based approach for detection of anomalies in network-wide traffic. We identify a subset of relevant traffic features and use it during clustering and anomaly detection. To support outlier-based network anomaly identification, we use the following modules: a mutual information and generalized entropy based feature selection technique to select a relevant non-redundant subset of features, a tree-based clustering technique to generate a set of reference points and an outlier score function to rank incoming network traffic to identify anomalies. We also design a fast distributed feature extraction and data preparation framework to extract features from raw network-wide traffic. We evaluate our approach in terms of detection rate, false positive rate, precision, recall and F -measure using several high dimensional synthetic and real-world datasets and find the performance superior in comparison to competing algorithms. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Six weeks of whole-body vibration exercise improves pain and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week traditional exercise program with supplementary whole-body vibration (WBV) in improving health status, physical functioning, and main symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM) in women with FM.


METHODS
Thirty-six (36) women with FM (mean +/- standard error of the mean age 55.97 +/- 1.55) were randomized into 3 treatment groups: exercise and vibration (EVG), exercise (EG), and control (CG). Exercise therapy, consisting of aerobic activities, stretching, and relaxation techniques, was performed twice a week (90 min/day). Following each exercise session, the EVG underwent a protocol with WBV, whereas the EG performed the same protocol without vibratory stimulus. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was administered at baseline and 6 weeks following the initiation of the treatments. Estimates of pain, fatigue, stiffness, and depression were also reported using the visual analogue scale.


RESULTS
A significant 3 x 2 (group x time)-repeated measures analysis of variance interaction was found for pain (p = 0.018) and fatigue (p = 0.002) but not for FIQ (p = 0.069), stiffness (p = 0.142), or depression (p = 0.654). Pain and fatigue scores were significantly reduced from baseline in the EVG, but not in the EG or CG. In addition, the EVG showed significantly lower pain and fatigue scores at week 6 compared to the CG, whereas no significant differences were found between the EG and CG (p > 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Results suggest that a 6-week traditional exercise program with supplementary WBV safely reduces pain and fatigue, whereas exercise alone fails to induce improvements.
Contemporary patterns of care and disease activity outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: the ERAN cohort.

OBJECTIVES
To report from the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network (ERAN), time from symptom onset to start of therapy, treatment choices and disease outcome in early RA.


METHODS
Patients with newly diagnosed RA were prospectively enrolled from 19 centres in the UK and Eire. Standardized information was collected on case report forms at first presentation, 3-6 months, 1 yr and annually thereafter. The choice and intensity of drug treatment was left to the discretion of individual centres.


RESULTS
A total of 808 patients were recruited between 2002 and 2007, with a mean follow-up of 16 (0-60) months. Of them, 62% fulfilled four or more ACR criteria for RA at first visit. The median time from onset of symptoms to referral to secondary care was 4 months [interquartile range (IQR) 2-9, n = 655] and to start of first DMARD 8 months (IQR 4-13, n = 638). DMARDs were prescribed in 97% of the patients, initially as monotherapy in 91%, and as combination therapy in 9%. The second DMARD (n = 220) was a switch to another as monotherapy in 52% and step-up to combination therapy in 48%. The proportions with a 28-joint disease activity score >5.1 at baseline and 3 yrs were 46 and 19%, >3.2 were 84 and 54% and <2.6 were 6 and 33%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients presenting with RA in ERAN do not receive DMARDs promptly, largely due to delays in referral to secondary care. Contemporary treatment practice is to start with DMARD monotherapy, and to use combination DMARDs as second-line therapy in approximately half of them. Over 3 yrs the proportion of patients continuing to have active disease remains high.
Adalimumab-induced noncaseating granuloma in the bone marrow of a patient being treated for rheumatoid arthritis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous infiltration, primarily of the lungs and lymphatic system. While reports of the efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of refractory sarcoidosis have been mixed, the more widely used infliximab has demonstrated clear efficacy in this disease. The association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors and noncaseating granulomas in the lung has been reported in literature. With the exception of one patient treated with adalimumab, who developed pulmonary granuloma, the remaining patients described in literature were treated with etanercept. The current case study is, to our knowledge, the first to describe adalimumab-induced noncaseating granulomas in the bone marrow of a patient being treated for rheumatoid arthritis and suggests that although TNF-inhibitors are used in the treatment of granulomatous disorders, their use should be carefully monitored as, in rare cases, TNF-inhibitors may leave sufficient cytokine activation to support granuloma formation.
Critical Success and Failure Factors of Entrepreneurial Organizations : Study of SMEs in Bahawalpur

Purpose of this research paper is to highlight those critical failure and success factors in SMEs of Bahawalpur. Models were developed from different studies. Finally results are generalized to SMEs of Bahawalpur. Findings suggest that customer service, know-how of the business and the past experience of the manager are the main key factors of success. Whereas different failure factors are explored out in which most crucial ones considered are lack of access to financial capital, inappropriate government structure and poor infrastructure as well as corruption. This paper has the vast implications for the SMEs in Pakistan and SMEs in Bahawalpur as it give insight into the reasoning factors of failure and success. Thus helps to identify failure and give guidance to success. Research is limited to small scale due to time constraint and resistive behavior of organizations.