LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
In vivo effects of mesalazine or E. coli Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to colitis-associated cancer. In vitro data suggest that mesalazine (5-ASA) improves MSI.


AIM
To analyse the changes in MSI in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 patients with ulcerative colitis that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing 5-ASA with E. coli Nissle (EcN).


METHODS
Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. MSI testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats.


RESULTS
No MSI was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 (p53) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed MSI. After 1 year, 3/11 patients displayed MSI improvement [change to microsatellite stability (MSS); 1 on 5-ASA, 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed MSI worsening (change from MSS to MSI; all 5-ASA). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 patients (2 on 5-ASA, 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on 5-ASA), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In the set of biopsies taken from patients treated with 1.5 g 5-ASA for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of MSI in the distal colon.
Investigating learner preparedness for and usage patterns of mobile learning

While the use of mobile devices for language learning has sparked the interest of an increasing number of researchers in recent years (e.g., Aizawa & Kiernan, 2003; Thornton & Houser, 2005), our knowledge of learners’ preferences for the mobile platform and their usage patterns remains limited. Are learners prepared to use mobile phones for performing language learning activities, or is there still a preference for desktop computer environments? Do learners make attempts to use mobile phones and then opt for a desktop computer instead? When and where do those learners who choose to use mobile phones use them, and why do they choose them? The current study investigated 75 learners of English at a Japanese university who were assigned vocabulary learning activities which they could choose to complete on either a mobile phone or desktop computer. It sought to determine their intentions to use mobile phones for language learning if other options were available, to compare this with their actual usage patterns, and to determine when and why learners used mobile phones. Learner attitudes and preferences were elicited through a post-survey, and usage patterns were determined through analysis of detailed server logs. The results are discussed in terms of the readiness of learners to undertake mobile-based language learning activities, and the issues having an effect on the establishment of the mobile phone as a language learning tool.
On the Principle of Equivalence

We consider the Principle of Equivalence along with Weyl theorem to discuss the interpretation of gravity as a geometric effect; we study what are the restrictions on the connections that must be required for this geometrization to occur in the most general case.
The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals

Description: The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals offers a complete introduction to the basis of the finite element method, covering fundamental theory and worked examples in the detail required for readers to apply the knowledge to their own engineering problems and understand more advanced applications. This edition sees a significant rearrangement of the book's content to enable clearer development of the finite element method, with major new chapters and sections added to cover:-Weak forms-Variational forms-Multi-dimensional field problems-Automatic mesh generation-Plate bending and shells-Developments in meshless techniques Focusing on the core knowledge, mathematical and analytical tools needed for successful application, The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals is the authoritative resource of choice for graduate level students, researchers and professional engineers involved in finite element-based engineering analysis.-A proven keystone reference in the library of any engineer needing to understand and apply the finite element method in design and development.-Founded by an influential pioneer in the field and updated in this seventh edition by an author team incorporating academic authority and industrial simulation experience.-Features reworked and reordered contents for clearer development of the theory, plus new chapters and sections on mesh generation, plate bending, shells, weak forms and variational forms.
Atomoxetine hydrochloride: clinical drug-drug interaction prediction and outcome.

In the studies reported here, the ability of atomoxetine hydrochloride (Strattera) to inhibit or induce the metabolic capabilities of selected human isoforms of cytochrome P450 was evaluated. Initially, the potential of atomoxetine and its two metabolites, N-desmethylatomoxetine and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine, to inhibit the metabolism of probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A was evaluated in human hepatic microsomes. Although little inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activity was observed, inhibition was predicted for CYP3A (56% predicted inhibition) and CYP2D6 (60% predicted inhibition) at concentrations representative of high therapeutic doses of atomoxetine. The ability of atomoxetine to induce the catalytic activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A in human hepatocytes was also evaluated; however, atomoxetine did not induce either isoenzyme. Based on the potential of interaction from the in vitro experiments, drug interaction studies in healthy subjects were conducted using probe substrates for CYP2D6 (desipramine) in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer subjects and CYP3A (midazolam) in CYP2D6 poor metabolizer subjects. Single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters of desipramine (single dose of 50 mg) were not altered when coadministered with atomoxetine (40 or 60 mg b.i.d. for 13 days). Only modest changes (approximately 16%) were observed in the plasma pharmacokinetics of midazolam (single dose of 5 mg) when coadministered with atomoxetine (60 mg b.i.d. for 12 days). Although at high therapeutic doses of atomoxetine inhibition of CYP2D6 and CYP3A was predicted, definitive in vivo studies clearly indicate that atomoxetine administration with substrates of CYP2D6 and CYP3A does not result in clinically significant drug interactions.
Strategies for successful CRM implementation

Purpose – Customer relationship management (CRM) is an information system that tracks customers’ interactions with the firm and allows employees to instantly pull up information about the customers such as past sales, service records, outstanding records and unresolved problem calls. This paper aims to put forward strategies for successful implementation of CRM and discusses barriers to CRM in e-business and m-business. Design/methodology/approach – The paper combines narrative with argument and analysis. Findings – CRM stores all information about its customers in a database and uses this data to coordinate sales, marketing, and customer service departments so as to work together smoothly to best serve their customers’ needs. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates how CRM, if used properly, could enhance a company’s ability to achieve the ultimate goal of retaining customers and gain strategic advantage over its competitors.
Learning Transferrable Representations for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Supervised learning with large scale labelled datasets and deep layered models has caused a paradigm shift in diverse areas in learning and recognition. However, this approach still suffers from generalization issues under the presence of a domain shift between the training and the test data distribution. Since unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms directly address this domain shift problem between a labelled source dataset and an unlabelled target dataset, recent papers [11, 33] have shown promising results by fine-tuning the networks with domain adaptation loss functions which try to align the mismatch between the training and testing data distributions. Nevertheless, these recent deep learning based domain adaptation approaches still suffer from issues such as high sensitivity to the gradient reversal hyperparameters [11] and overfitting during the fine-tuning stage. In this paper, we propose a unified deep learning framework where the representation, cross domain transformation, and target label inference are all jointly optimized in an end-to-end fashion for unsupervised domain adaptation. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both object recognition and digit classification experiments by a large margin.
Impact of lamivudine on HIV and hepatitis B virus-related outcomes in HIV/hepatitis B virus individuals in a randomized clinical trial of antiretroviral therapy in southern Africa.

OBJECTIVE
To examine HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related outcomes in HIV/HBV-coinfected participants in the PHIDISA II study by use of HBV-active vs. non-HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART).


DESIGN AND METHODS
PHIDISA II was a randomized study of ART therapy in HIV-infected adults employing zidovudine along with didanosine, or lamivudine along with stavudine in a factorial 2x2 design. HIV/HBV-coinfected participants by randomization received HBV-active or non-HBV-active ART. The following outcomes of interest were examined: immunological recovery and HIV RNA suppression; hepatic flare; HBV DNA suppression; and mortality.


RESULTS
HIV/HBV coinfection was present in 106 of 1771 (6%) of participants. Participants with HIV/HBV coinfection were more likely to be men, and have higher baseline alanine aminotransferase, lower albumin, and lower platelets than those with HIV monoinfection. Median CD4 cell gain and HIV RNA suppression was similar across all groups. Hepatic flare was observed in 9.4% of coinfected and 0.02% monoinfected participants. HBV DNA suppression (<55 IU/ml) at week 48 was observed in only 33% of those on lamivudine vs. 13% in those on no HBV-active drugs (P = 0.13). Mortality over follow-up was significantly greater in coinfected (17%) than monoinfected (11%) participants (P = 0.04).


CONCLUSION
In summary, the use of lamivudine-containing ART in HIV/HBV participants in PHIDISA II resulted in little additional benefit over that of ART itself and failed to impact on the greater mortality in this group. These data provide strong support for recent guidelines advocating the use of tenofovir in all HIV-HBV-coinfected individuals initiating ART.
A class of deadlock-free Maekawa-type algorithms for mutual exclusion in distributed systems

Maekawa-type mutual exclusion algorithms use locking of a set of sites to achieve mutual exclusion. These algorithms are prone to deadlocks because a site is locked by other sites in exclusive mode and the timestamp of requests is not used to order requests while granting locks. These algorithms require additional rounds of message exchanges, like INQUIRE and FAILED, to recover from a possible deadlock. In this paper we present a class of Maekawa-type mutual exclusion algorithms which are free from deadlocks and do not exchange additional messages to resolve deadlocks. We systematically point out the reasons for deadlocks in Maekawa-type algorithms and eliminate them one by one to give a class of Maekawa-type algorithms which are free from deadlocks. It turns out that to prevent deadlocks in Maekawa-type algorithms, locks on sites must be mutable, timestamps must be used judiciously, and communication among sites must be increased. A deadlock-free Maekawa-type algorithm is optimal when the request sets of sites are the smallest possible such that a correctness condition is satisfied. We state the condition of optimality and present a method to construct optimal request sets. We also give a swap operation which allows us to derive an optimal configuration of request sets from another optimal configuration. There are large number of optimal configurations of request sets, which define a class of optimal deadlock-free Maekawa-type algorithms. Freedom from deadlocks is a desirable property because it dispenses with the need of cumbersome deadlock recovery scheme (e.g., exchange of INQUIRE, FAILED, and YIELD messages). Freedom from deadlock has another benefit: simplicity of the implementation.
Child death reviews: a gold mine for injury prevention and control.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how child death review teams can be used to prevent future deaths through retrospective, multiagency case analysis and recommendations for educational programs and policy change.


METHODS
A listing of all deaths to persons ages 21 years and younger in Philadelphia that occurred in 1995 was compiled by the Philadelphia Interdisciplinary Youth Fatality Review Team (PIYFRT), a multiagency, multidisciplinary, community based group created in 1993 with the mission to prevent future deaths through review, analysis, and initiation of corrective actions. Data were collected on demographic variables, as well as the circumstantial variables on injuries such as weapon type, alcohol and drug use, and contact with the criminal justice system, among others. Each case was reviewed thoroughly to determine whether or not the death was preventable. Selected injury related death cases were analyzed further by demographic and circumstantial variables.


RESULTS
In 1995, 607 children ages 21 years and younger died in Philadelphia from natural causes (61.6%), unintentional injuries (16.3%), homicide (18.6%), suicide (2.3%), and undetermined causes (1.2%). More than a third (37.2%) of all deaths were considered preventable. Of the injury deaths (n=224), 95% were judged to be preventable. Preventable fire/burn injury deaths (n=29) were associated with lack of a smoke detector, nonsupervision of children, and faulty home appliances. Violent deaths were associated with substance abuse, gang involvement, chronic truancy, academic failure, and access to weapons.


CONCLUSIONS
Relevant policies for these preventable or intervenable deaths are discussed such as use of non-battery powered smoke detectors.
Is Feature Selection Secure against Training Data Poisoning?

Learning in adversarial settings is becoming an important task for application domains where attackers may inject malicious data into the training set to subvert normal operation of data-driven technologies. Feature selection has been widely used in machine learning for security applications to improve generalization and computational efficiency, although it is not clear whether its use may be beneficial or even counterproductive when training data are poisoned by intelligent attackers. In this work, we shed light on this issue by providing a framework to investigate the robustness of popular feature selection methods, including LASSO, ridge regression and the elastic net. Our results on malware detection show that feature selection methods can be significantly compromised under attack (we can reduce LASSO to almost random choices of feature sets by careful insertion of less than 5% poisoned training samples), highlighting the need for specific countermeasures. Proceedings of the 32 International Conference on Machine Learning, Lille, France, 2015. JMLR: W&CP volume 37. Copyright 2015 by the author(s).
Unified Modeling Language (UML) IT adoption - A holistic model of organizational capabilities perspective

a r t i c l e i n f o This study develops an integrated research model to examine various factors affecting the IT adoption in the context of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is one type of business process modeling techniques, which in turn is a key aspect of the business process reengineering. The proposed research model is based on IT adoption framework and organizational culture theory. The model identifies fourteen variables, covering seven broad categories (IT characteristics, organization technology, environment, organization structure, organization process, organization culture, and project culture) that could potentially impact UML adoption in organizations. This comprehensive conceptual model is further validated by survey data collected from 251 North American organizations across five different industries. Our results support the proposed conceptual-ization and shed new light on the key factors associated with firms' adoption of UML technologies. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed. The significance of understanding Information Technology (IT) adoption is well documented [1]. Considerable scholarly research has focused on investigating the impact of one or several of these factors (e.g., IT characteristics, organization technology, environment, organization structure, organization process, and organization culture) in different environmental settings [32,57,58,76]. Extant research has recognized the importance of technological, organizational, and environmental factors (TOE framework) in influencing IT adoption [8,14,80,83]. In spite of prior research that has found strong empirical support for the TOE framework, much fruitful theoretical work remains to be conducted. For instance, previous studies have proposed that IT adoption is affected by organization structure [14,17,60], organization process [12,14,56,76] and organization culture as well as project culture [52,60,80,84]. In spite of extensive prior studies, there is a lack of comprehensive and integrative understanding, from the organizational culture perspective, on the IT adoption process, which is crucial for both practitioners and researchers in terms of generating deeper understanding of IT adoption. To fill this void, we extend the TOE framework in our research to incorporate organizational culture theory such as organization structure, organization process, organization culture, and project culture. Thus, practitioners may benefit from the holistic analysis of the determinants of IT adoption, and managers interested in introducing new technologies may be able to understand and act more effectively in terms of how to better facilitate IT adoption. The objective of this paper is therefore to identify a holistic IT adoption model to investigate three research questions on how various organizational factors will …
Rapid pulmonary delivery of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: a pilot project.

BACKGROUND
Patients with cystic fibrosis spend as much 30 min a day inhaling tobramycin. Could a new rapid system deposit the equivalent amount of tobramycin faster?


METHODS
Six healthy adult males inhaled 5 ml (300 mg) of tobramycin from a breath enhanced nebulizer and either 125 mg (n = 3) or 150 mg (n = 3) from a vibrating membrane system with a large or small aerosol mixing chamber respectively. A radiolabel was added to the solution and shown to "track" with the tobramycin. Imaging was done with a dual headed gamma camera. Because the radiolabel will be cleared by mucociliary action during administration, algorithms were developed to allow the comparison of a slower system to a faster one.


RESULTS
Both formulations were well tolerated. The lung deposition was 16.6 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- SD) of the charge dose delivered in 10.9 +/- 1.0 min for the breath enhanced nebulizer versus 32.0 +/- 5.1% delivered in 2.5 +/- 0.4 min from the vibrating membrane system. The absolute pulmonary delivery of tobramycin was 49.9 +/- 9.6 versus 43.9 +/- 4.8 mg for the two systems respectively, differences that were statistically significant (pair t-test) but unlikely to be clinically significant. There was a similar deposition of tobramycin for the 125 and 150 mg dose.


CONCLUSIONS
It is possible to deliver an equivalent amount of tobramycin in a shorter period of time with the new vibrating membrane system and a more concentrated formulation. These data will allow the design of a comparison in patients with CF.
Erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum lesions with cervical lymphadenopathy

A 39-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented to our dermatology clinic with a two-week history of a swelling and pain on her neck. She noted a low-grade fever and malaise for ten days. The patient reported no history of tick bite, new medication or consuming raw meat. Physical examination revealed fever (38.3°C), an enlarged, painful 4.5 x 4.8 cm sized lymphadenopathy in the right submandibular area (Figure 1), multiple targetoid erythema multiforme lesions on the palms (Figure 2), and multiple erythema nodosum lesions on the shins (Figure 3). We performed whole blood count, chest X-ray, serological tests (microagglutination test), fine needle biopsy, and neck ultrasonography. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node disclosed epithelioid histiocytes with multinuclear giant cells and a suppurative inflammation (Figure 4a and 4b).
Tinea Capitis in Two Sisters of a Wooly Hair Family

Observation: Wooly hair is usually present at birth or infancy with a genetic linkage of autosomal dominant or recessive. Hair is curly, thick and often heavily pigmented. This condition has been reported with eye, teeth, cardiac anomalies. Also, keratosis pilaris atrophicans, ichtiyosis and deafness, palmoplantar keratoderma and Noonan syndrome may accompany wooly hair. We report two sisters with wooly hair, simultaneously developed an inflammatory tinea capitis (kerion). Our patients have neither a systemic disease nor eye, dental and other skin disorders. In their family; mother, two sisters, and one brother of them have also wooly hair without any other clinical associations. To our knowledge, this is the second, describes the association of wooly hair with tinea capitis. However, in the first report, mother and her son, also had keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans. As a result, presence of tinea capitis in both patients may be explained by the enhanced susceptibility to fungal infection in keratinizing disorders.
Automatic Composition of SemanticWeb Services

Service-oriented computing is gaining wider acceptance. For Web services to become practical, an infrastructure needs to be supported that allows users and applications to discover, deploy, compose and synthesize services automatically. For this automation to be effective, formal semantic descriptions of Web services should be available. In this paper we formally define the Web service discovery and composition problem and present an approach for automatic service discovery and composition based on semantic description of Web services. We also report on an implementation of a semantics-based automated service discovery and composition engine that we have developed. This engine employs a multi-step narrowing algorithm and is efficiently implemented using the constraint logic programming technology. The salient features of our engine are its scalability, i.e., its ability to handle very large service repositories, and its extremely efficient processing times for discovery and composition queries. We evaluate our engine for automated discovery and composition on repositories of different sizes and present the results.
Designing collaborative learning systems: current trends & future research agenda

The research community, in order to support learning as well as collaboration, has designed systems, which, distinctive from common web-based ones (simply enabling collaborative activities), constitute new cognitive and meta-cognitive tools. The paper proceeds with a categorization of the main tools and functions that characterise collaborative learning systems (designed for primary/ secondary/ higher/ education) in order to discuss the current tradeoffs. It proposes a design framework for collaborative learning systems that are addressed to primary & secondary education. This framework is derived from considerations of cognitive psychology, science education, and CSCL community research results. The paper concludes by presenting the main themes of the actual research agenda, which is intended to help design systems that can be integrated into primary and secondary education contexts.