LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Faculty of health sciences, walter sisulu university: training doctors from and for rural South african communities.

Introduction The South African health system has disturbing inequalities, namely few black doctors, a wide divide between urban and rural sectors, and also between private and public services. Most medical training programs in the country consider only applicants with higher-grade preparation in mathematics and physical science, while most secondary schools in black communities have limited capacity to teach these subjects and offer them at standard grade level. The Faculty of Health Sciences at Walter Sisulu University (WSU) was established in 1985 to help address these inequities and to produce physicians capable of providing quality health care in rural South African communities. Intervention Access to the physician training program was broadened by admitting students who obtained at least Grade C (60%) in mathematics and physical science at standard grade, and who demonstrated appropriate personal attributes. An innovative curriculum, combining problem-based learning with community-based education (PBL/CBE) in small tutorial group settings, was also adopted. This approach was aimed at educating and graduating a broader cohort of students, while training future doctors to identify, analyze, and treat health problems in the rural South African context. Outcomes To date, 745 doctors (72% black Africans) have graduated from the program, and 511 students (83% black Africans) are currently enrolled. After the PBL/CBE curriculum was adopted, the attrition rate for black students dropped from 23% to <10%. The progression rate rose from 67% to >80%, and the proportion of students graduating within the minimum period rose from 55% to >70%. Many graduates are still completing internships or post-graduate training, but preliminary research shows that 36% percent of graduates practice in small towns and rural settings. Further research is underway to evaluate the impact of their training on health services in rural Eastern Cape Province and elsewhere in South Africa. Conclusions The WSU program increased access to medical education for black students who lacked opportunities to take advanced math and science courses prior to enrolling in medical school. Innovative admission requirements and adoption of a PBL/CBE curriculum have made the WSU program one of the top training programs for black African doctors in South Africa.
RFID's Potential in the Fashion Industry: A Case Analysis

The case examines a project between a leading European retailer, Kaufhof Department Stores, and fashion merchandise manufacturer Gerry Weber utilizing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). It shows how both players experienced significant cost, time, and inventory management improvements over the course of the 5-month project. These performance improvements occurred at both the warehouse level and in the stores. Lessons learned and the challenges of integration, standardization, and RFID price levels are also discussed.
Synthesis of calcium carbonate polymorphs in the presence of polyacrylic acid

Calcium carbonate precipitates are prepared from a solution of CaCl2 and K2CO3 in the presence of polyacrilic acid. The effect of polyacrilic acid incorporation in the [25–80 1C] temperature range on crystal morphologies and CaCO3 precipitated polymorph concentrations are investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction quantitative microstructural and phase analysis. Large changes in morphology and phase proportions are observed in the presence of polyacrylic acid, which strongly depend on the solution temperature. While crystallization of vaterite is favoured in the presence of polyacrilic acid up to 50 1C, it is largely destabilized at higher temperatures. Our process also enables the elaboration of particles in the range 10–20 nm. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.10.Ng; 81.10.Dn; 61.46.Hk
Complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia at the oesophagogastric junction: prevalences and associations with endoscopic erosive oesophagitis and gastritis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a common finding at the oesophagogastric junction, but the aetiopathogenesis of the different IM subtypes-that is, incomplete IM (specialised columnar epithelium, SCE) and complete IM- and their associations with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Helicobacter pylori gastritis are unclear.


METHODS
1058 consecutive dyspeptic patients undergoing gastroscopy were enrolled. The gastric, oesophagogastric junctional, and oesophageal biopsy specimens obtained were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, and modified Giemsa.


RESULTS
Complete junctional IM was detected in 196 (19%) of the 1058 subjects, and in 134 (13%) was the sole IM subtype. Incomplete junctional IM (SCE) was detected in 101 (10%) subjects, of whom 62 (61%) also had the complete IM subtype. Of patients with normal gastric histology (n = 426), 6% had complete IM and 7% junctional SCE. The prevalence of both types of IM increased with age in patients with either normal gastric histology or chronic gastritis (n = 611). Epithelial dysplasia was not detected in any patients with junctional IM. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for incomplete junctional IM were age (odds ratio (OR) 1.3 per decade, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 1.6), endoscopic erosive oesophagitis (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2), and chronic cardia inflammation (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.2), but not gastric H pylori infection (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7). In univariate analysis, junctional incomplete IM was not associated with cardia H pylori infection. Independent risk factors for "pure" complete junctional IM (n = 134) were age (OR 1.2 per decade, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.4), antral predominant non-atrophic gastritis (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2), antral predominant atrophic gastritis (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.2), and multifocal atrophic gastritis (OR 7.1, 95% CI 2.5 to 19.8). In univariate analysis, junctional complete IM was strongly associated with chronic cardia inflammation and cardia H pylori infection (p<0. 001).


CONCLUSIONS
Both complete and incomplete junctional IM are independent acquired lesions that increase in prevalence with age. Although IM subtypes often occur simultaneously, they show remarkable differences in their associations with gastritis and erosive oesophagitis: junctional complete IM is a manifestation of multifocal atrophic gastritis, while the incomplete form (SCE) may result from carditis and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The frequency of dysplasia in intestinal metaplasia at the oesophagogastric junction appears to be low.
Biochemical differentiation of the porphyrias.

OBJECTIVES
To differentiate the porphyrias by clinical and biochemical methods.


DESIGN AND METHODS
We describe levels of blood, urine, and fecal porphyrins and their precursors in the porphyrias and present an algorithm for their biochemical differentiation. Diagnoses were established using clinical and biochemical data. Porphyrin analyses were performed by high performance liquid chromatography.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Plasma and urine porphyrin patterns were useful for diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda, but not the acute porphyrias. Erythropoietic protoporphyria was confirmed by erythrocyte protoporphyrin assay and erythrocyte fluorescence. Acute intermittent porphyria was diagnosed by increases in urine delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen and confirmed by reduced erythrocyte porphobilinogen deaminase activity and normal or near-normal stool porphyrins. Variegate porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria were diagnosed by their characteristic stool porphyrin patterns. This appears to be the most convenient diagnostic approach until molecular abnormalities become more extensively defined and more widely available.
Study and Analysis of New Three-Phase Modular Multilevel Inverter

This paper proposes a new three-phase modular multilevel inverter (MMLI). The proposed inverter consists of repeated modular primary cells that are connected in series configuration. Therefore, the proposed topology can be extended to get more output voltage levels by adding additional cells without increasing voltage stresses across power switches. Both sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) and staircase modulation are successfully applied to the proposed inverter. The proposed inverter features many advantages such as reduced number of semiconductor power switches, driver circuits, dc-voltage sources, simplified control algorithm, and reduced voltage stresses across the switches independent of output voltage level. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed inverter is studied under both open-loop and closed-loop operations for highly inductive load. Beside the obtained simulation results, a laboratory prototype has been carried out and tested to verify the control techniques and performances of the topology. Simulation and experimental results are compared together to highlight the similarity and consistence of them.
Multicenter phase 1 trial of intraventricular immunochemotherapy in recurrent CNS lymphoma.

UNLABELLED
Recurrent CNS lymphoma continues to be associated with poor outcomes in the rituximab era. Although IV rituximab mediates superior disease control of systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), it fails to completely eliminate the risk of meningeal recurrence, likely due to minimal CNS penetration. Given that rituximab acts synergistically with chemotherapy, we conducted the first phase 1 study of intraventricular immunochemotherapy in patients with recurrent CNS NHL. Fourteen patients received 10 mg or 25 mg intraventricular rituximab twice weekly for 4 weeks, with rituximab administered as monotherapy during the first treatment each week and rituximab administered in combination with methotrexate (MTX) during the second treatment each week. More than 150 doses were administered without serious toxicity. In a population with high-refractory CNS NHL, 75% of patients achieved complete cytologic responses and 43% achieved an overall complete response in CSF and/or brain parenchyma. Two patients achieved a first complete response of CNS NHL with intraventricular rituximab/MTX, including 1 with CNS lymphoma refractory to high-dose systemic and intrathecal MTX plus IV rituximab. We conclude that intraventricular rituximab in combination with MTX is feasible and highly active in the treatment of drug-resistant CNS NHL that is refractory or unresponsive to IV rituximab.


KEY POINTS
Phase I study showed that intraventricular rituximab plus methotrexate is feasible and active in the treatment of refractory CNS lymphoma.
Time Series and Cross Section Information in Affine Term Structure Models

n thís paper we provide an empirical analysis of the term structure of interest rates using the affine class of terru structure models introducrd hy nuffie and Kan. ~Ve estimate these models by combining time-series and cross-section information in a theoretically consistent way. In the estimation we use an exact discretization of the continuous time factor process and allow for a general measurement error structure. We provide evidence that at least two correlated factors are necessary to dcscribe the term structure. The generalized CIR specification is close to the most general two-factor affinc model and is preferred over the Vasicek model. However, there is some evidence that a two factor affine model is misspecified.
The Need for Second-Look Endoscopy to Prevent Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Neoplasms: A Prospective Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Many authors recommend performing a second-look endoscopy (SLE) to reduce the frequency of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms, but these recommendations have been made despite a lack of reliable evidence supporting the effectiveness of SLE.


METHODS
From January 2012 to May 2013, we investigated 441 gastric neoplasms treated by ESD to assess the risk factors for delayed bleeding. Delayed bleeding occurred in four of these lesions within 1 postoperation day. Therefore, we enrolled the patients with the remaining 437 lesions to determine the utility of SLE performed on the morning of postoperative day 2. All lesions were randomly assigned to SLE (220 lesions) groups or non-SLE (217 lesions) groups.


RESULTS
Delayed bleeding occurred in 18 lesions (4.1%). A large tumor size (>20 mm) was the only independent risk factor for delayed bleeding (p=0.007). The chance of delayed bleeding was not significantly different between the patients receiving a SLE (eight cases) and those patients not receiving a SLE (six cases, p=0.787). Furthermore, SLE for lesions with a large tumor size did not significantly decrease delayed bleeding (p=0.670).


CONCLUSIONS
SLE had little or no influence on the prevention of delayed bleeding, irrespective of the risk factors.
Quantitative InfraRed Thermography July 2-5 , 2008 , Krakow-Poland Calibration for 3 D Reconstruction of Thermal Images

The calibration system presented in this article enables to calculate optical parameters i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic of both thermal and visual cameras used for 3D reconstruction of thermal images. Visual cameras are in stereoscopic set and provide a pair of stereo images of the same object which are used to perform 3D reconstruction of the examined object [8]. The thermal camera provides information about temperature distribution on the surface of an examined object. In this case the term of 3D reconstruction refers to assigning to each pixel of one of the stereo images (called later reference image) a 3D coordinate in the respective camera reference frame [8]. The computed 3D coordinate is then re-projected on to the thermograph and thus to the known 3D position specific temperature is assigned. In order to remap the 3D coordinates on to thermal image it is necessary to know the position of thermal camera against visual camera and therefore a calibration of the set of the three cameras must be performed. The presented calibration system includes special calibration board (fig.1) whose characteristic points of well known position are recognizable both by thermal and visual cameras. In order to detect calibration board characteristic points’ image coordinates, especially in thermal camera, a new procedure was designed.
Radiographic changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients attaining different disease activity states with methotrexate monotherapy and infliximab plus methotrexate: the impacts of remission and tumour necrosis factor blockade.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of radiographic progression and disease activity states in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate with or without infliximab.


METHODS
Patients (n = 1049) with active RA for 3 years or less and no previous methotrexate treatment were randomly assigned (4 : 5 : 5) to receive methotrexate plus placebo or methotrexate plus infliximab 3 or 6 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter to week 46. Disease activity was classified by the simplified disease activity index as remission (< or =3.3), low (>3.3 to < or =11), moderate (>11 to < or =26), high (>26). Radiographic progression was measured as a change from baseline to week 54 in total Sharp score.


RESULTS
At weeks 14 and 54, more patients receiving methotrexate plus infliximab than methotrexate plus placebo were in remission (10.7% versus 2.8% week 14; 21.3% versus 12.3% week 54; p<0.001 for both). Methotrexate plus placebo halted radiographic progression only if patients achieved remission within 3 months, whereas methotrexate plus infliximab also halted or minimised progression in patients with low or moderate activity, respectively. Patients with persistently high disease activity levels had much less progression of joint damage if treated with methotrexate plus infliximab versus methotrexate monotherapy. Even with infliximab plus methotrexate there was a direct relationship between disease activity and radiographic changes, although the slope was deflected when compared with methotrexate monotherapy.


CONCLUSION
With methotrexate, joint damage progresses even at low and moderate disease activity levels, whereas methotrexate plus infliximab inhibits radiographic progression across all disease activity states.
Comparative study of intramuscular gold and methotrexate in a rheumatoid arthritis population from a socially deprived area.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the risk-benefit ratio of intramuscular gold (gold sodium thiomalate (GST)) and methotrexate (MTX) in a population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a deprived area.


METHODS
Patients with active RA were randomly assigned to open treatment with GST or MTX. Clinical and laboratory assessment was performed at 0, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Results were analysed on an intention to treat basis.


RESULTS
141 patients were recruited-72 were randomly allocated to GST and 69 to MTX. There were no statistically significant differences found in either the clinical or demographic variables at baseline. At 48 weeks 31 (43%) patients continued to receive GST and 43 (62%) MTX. The median MTX dose achieved was 10 mg. Gold caused significantly more withdrawals for toxicity (43% GST v 19% MTX, p=0.0026, log rank test). Both groups experienced a significant improvement in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, Ritchie Articular Index, and pain score by 24 weeks (p<0.001, Friedman test). Although a trend towards an improved Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score and global wellbeing was seen in both groups, this did not reach statistical significance. No differences in efficacy were found when the two groups were compared (Mann-Whitney).


CONCLUSION
GST and low dose MTX showed equivalent efficacy, but toxicity was more common in patients treated with GST. GST, although more toxic, remains a useful alternative for patients in whom MTX is contraindicated.
Framework to Detect Malicious Transactions in Database System

Every organization is associated with huge amount of information which is more valuable. Data is important and so it should be consistent, accurate and correct. Today many approaches are used to protect the data as well as networks from attackers (attacks like SQLIA, Brute-force attack). One way to make data more secure is using Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Many researches are done in this intrusion detection field but it mainly concentrated on networks and operating system. This approach is for database so that it will prevent the data loss, maintain consistency and accuracy. Database security research is concerned about the protection of database from unauthorized access. The unauthorized access may be in the form of execution of malicious transaction and this may lead to break the integrity of the system. Banking is one of the sectors which are suffering from million dollars losses only because of this unauthorized activities and malicious transactions. So, it is today&apos;s demand to detect malicious transactions and also to provide some recommendation. In this paper, we provided the detection system for the real-world problem of intrusion detection in the banking system and we are going to give some preventive measures to avoid or reduce future attacks. In order to detect malicious transactions, we used data mining algorithm for framing a data dependency miner for our banking database IDS. Our approach extracts the read-write dependency rules and then these rules are used to check whether the coming transaction is malicious or not. Our
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are more effective than vitamin B6 in lowering fasting plasma homocysteine concentration in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: To investigate whether vitamin B6 supplementation had a beneficial effect on lowering fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.Design: A single-blind intervention study.Setting: The study was performed at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital, the central part of Taiwan.Subjects: A total of 50 subjects were identified by cardiac catheterization to have at least 70% stenosis of one major coronary artery. In all, 42 patients successfully completed this study.Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups and treated with a daily dose of placebo (n=8), 5 mg vitamin B6 (n=8), 10 mg vitamin B6 (n=8), 50 mg vitamin B6 (n=9), or 5 mg folic acid combined with 0.25 mg vitamin B12 (n=9) for 12 weeks.Main outcome measures: Nutrient intakes were recorded by using 24-h diet recalls when patients returned to the cardiology clinic before the intervention (week 0) and at week 12. Vitamin B6 status was assessed by direct measures (plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate) and indirect measures (erythrocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransaminase activity coefficient). Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum folic acid, and vitamin B12 were measured.Results: Fasting plasma homocysteine concentration did not respond to high or low doses of vitamin B6 when compared with a placebo treatment after 12 weeks of supplementation. The mean fasting plasma homocysteine concentration, however, decreased significantly after 12 weeks of folic acid combined with vitamin B12 supplementation (P=0.047). Further, within group, mean fasting plasma homocysteine concentration was nonsignificantly increased by 25.5, 16.2, and 18.3% in placebo, 10 mg/day and 50 mg/day vitamin B6 supplemented groups, respectively; whereas folic acid combined with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma homocysteine concentration by 32% (P<0.001).Conclusions: Our results indicate that vitamin B6 supplementation alone is less effective than folic acid combined with vitamin B12 in lowering plasma homocysteine concentrations in CAD patients.Sponsorship: This study was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China (NSC-91-2320-B-040-023).
Adaptive noise cancelling based on independent component analysis

We present a method to deal with adaptive noise cancelling based on independent component analysis (ICA). Although popular least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm removes noise components based on second-order correlation, the proposed ICA-based algorithm can utilize higher-order statistics. Additionally, extending to transform-domain adaptive filtering (TDAF) methods, normalized ICA-based algorithm is derived to improve convergence rates. Experimental results show that the proposed ICA-based algorithm provides much better performances than conventional LMS approach in realworld problems.
Experience of teaching Executive Master's program in Software Engineering: Challenges, lessons learned, and path forward

Universities have created programs such as the Executive Master's Degree in Software Engineering (EMSE) to enable busy professionals to achieve a balance between work and life while pursuing a graduate degree. In this talk, I will address several important issues based on my experience of teaching the same course for both the EMSE program and the regular Master's program.
PD control with on-line gravity compensation for robots with elastic joints: Theory and experiments

A proportional-derivative (PD) control with on-line gravity compensation is proposed for regulation tasks of robot manipulators with elastic joints. The work extends a previous PD control with constant gravity compensation at the desired configuration. The control law requires measuring only position and velocity on the motor side of the elastic joints, while the on-line gravity compensation torque uses a biased measure of the motor position. It is proved via a Lyapunov argument that the control law globally asymptotically stabilizes the desired robot configuration. A simulation study on a two-joint arm reveals the better performance that can be obtained with the new scheme as compared to the case of constant gravity compensation. Moreover, the proposed controller is experimentally tested on an eightjoint cable-driven robot manipulator, in combination with a point-to-point interpolating trajectory, showing the practical advantages of the on-line compensation. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.