LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficits. Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these fractures, and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra, often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction.


STUDY DESIGN
Case series.


PATIENT SAMPLE
Sixteen men with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 women with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst fracture Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a Denis type C, and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these patients had neurological deficits at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D.


OUTCOME MEASURES
The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local kyphosis over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement.


METHODS
From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all patients with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The fracture type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury.


RESULTS
At follow-up, 21 former patients reported no or minimal back pain or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former patients (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former patients were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local kyphosis had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor neurological deficits have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.
Techniques to Identify Themes

can be found at: Field Methods Additional services and information for http://fmx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts  Email Alerts: http://fmx.sagepub.com/subscriptions  Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://fmx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/15/1/85 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 14 articles hosted on the Citations
A comparison of behaviour in test and in everyday life : evidence of three consistent boldness-related personality traits in dogs

Six specific personality traits – playfulness, chase-proneness, curiosity/fearlessness, sociability, aggressiveness, and distance-playfulness – and a broad boldness dimension have been suggested for dogs in previous studies based on data collected in a standardized behavioural test (‘‘dog mentality assessment’’, DMA). In the present study I investigated the validity of the specific traits for predicting typical behaviour in everyday life. A questionnaire with items describing the dog’s typical behaviour in a range of situations was sent to owners of dogs that had carried out the DMA behavioural test 1–2 years earlier. Of the questionnaires that were sent out 697 were returned, corresponding to a response rate of 73.3%. Based on factor analyses on the questionnaire data, behavioural factors in everyday life were suggested to correspond to the specific personality traits from the DMA. Correlation analyses suggested construct validity for the traits playfulness, curiosity/ fearlessness, sociability, and distance-playfulness. Chase-proneness, which I expected to be related to predatory behaviour in everyday life, was instead related to human-directed play interest and nonsocial fear. Aggressiveness was the only trait from the DMA with low association to all of the behavioural factors from the questionnaire. The results suggest that three components of dog personality are measured in the DMA: (1) interest in playing with humans; (2) attitude towards strangers (interest in, fear of, and aggression towards); and (3) non-social fearfulness. These three components correspond to the traits playfulness, sociability, and curiosity/fearlessness, respectively, all of which were found to be related to a higher-order shyness–boldness dimension. www.elsevier.com/locate/applanim Applied Animal Behaviour Science 91 (2005) 103–128 * Present address: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Tel.: +46 18 67 28 21; fax: +46 18 67 21 11. E-mail address: kenth.svartberg@afys.slu.se. 0168-1591/$ – see front matter # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.030 Chase-proneness and distance-playfulness seem to be mixed measures of these personality components, and are not related to any additional components. Since the time between the behavioural test and the questionnaire was 1–2 years, the results indicate long-term consistency of the personality components. Based on these results, the DMA seems to be useful in predicting behavioural problems that are related to social and non-social fear, but not in predicting other potential behavioural problems. However, considering this limitation, the test seems to validly assess important aspects of dog personality, which supports the use of the test as an instrument in dog breeding and in selection of individual dogs for different purposes. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FPGA Implementation of an Advanced Traffic Light Controller using Verilog HDL

— Traffic lights are the signaling devices used to manage traffic on multi-way road. These are positioned to control the competing flow of the traffic at the road intersections to avoid collisions. By displaying lights (red, yellow and green), they alternate the way of multi-road users.
Prediabetes and subsequent pancreatic fat accumulation

Yamazaki et al. [1] investigated the effect of prediabetes on subsequent pancreatic fat accumulation, based on the hypothesis that pancreatic fat was a manifestation of disturbed glucose metabolism. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dl or hemoglobin A1c of 5.7–6.4%, and the change of pancreatic fat was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). A total of 198 nondiabetic participants were composed of 48 prediabetes and 150 non-prediabetes participants. By multiple linear regression analysis, baseline prediabetes was associated with future pancreatic fat accumulation with beta value (95% confidence interval) of 3.14 (1.25–5.03). In addition, body mass index (BMI) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were also risk factors of pancreatic fat accumulation. I have some queries on their study. First, the authors used prediabetes or IFG as an independent variable for the change of pancreatic fat accumulation, by adjusting several variables. As impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) value could not be used as an independent variable, the lack of IGT information for the definition of prediabetes should be specified by further study [2]. Second, BMI was selected as a significant independent variable for the change of pancreatic fat accumulation. I suppose that the amount of visceral fat at baseline by CT could also be used as an independent variable. Although liver fat did not become a predictor, visceral fat as another obesity indicator should be checked for the analysis [3]. Finally, the authors selected multiple linear regression analysis. I think that the authors could use prediabetes indictors at baseline as continuous variables. In addition, the change of prediabetes information can be used in combination with the change of pancreatic fat accumulation. Anyway, further studies are needed to know the causal association to confirm the hypothesis that pancreatic fat is a manifestation of disturbed glucose metabolism.
Design of a MOSFET-Based Pulsed Power Supply for Electroporation

.....................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... iv Table of
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke.

BACKGROUND
Trials of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent recurrent stroke have been inconclusive. We investigated whether patients with cryptogenic stroke and echocardiographic features representing risk of stroke would benefit from PFO closure or anticoagulation, as compared with antiplatelet therapy.


METHODS
In a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, we assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, patients 16 to 60 years of age who had had a recent stroke attributed to PFO, with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, to transcatheter PFO closure plus long-term antiplatelet therapy (PFO closure group), antiplatelet therapy alone (antiplatelet-only group), or oral anticoagulation (anticoagulation group) (randomization group 1). Patients with contraindications to anticoagulants or to PFO closure were randomly assigned to the alternative noncontraindicated treatment or to antiplatelet therapy (randomization groups 2 and 3). The primary outcome was occurrence of stroke. The comparison of PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 2, and the comparison of oral anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 3.


RESULTS
A total of 663 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a mean (±SD) of 5.3±2.0 years. In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 2, no stroke occurred among the 238 patients in the PFO closure group, whereas stroke occurred in 14 of the 235 patients in the antiplatelet-only group (hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.26; P<0.001). Procedural complications from PFO closure occurred in 14 patients (5.9%). The rate of atrial fibrillation was higher in the PFO closure group than in the antiplatelet-only group (4.6% vs. 0.9%, P=0.02). The number of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the treatment groups (P=0.56). In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 3, stroke occurred in 3 of 187 patients assigned to oral anticoagulants and in 7 of 174 patients assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients who had had a recent cryptogenic stroke attributed to PFO with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, the rate of stroke recurrence was lower among those assigned to PFO closure combined with antiplatelet therapy than among those assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone. PFO closure was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; CLOSE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00562289 .).
Gratitude influences sleep through the mechanism of pre-sleep cognitions.

OBJECTIVES
To test whether individual differences in gratitude are related to sleep after controlling for neuroticism and other traits. To test whether pre-sleep cognitions are the mechanism underlying this relationship.


METHOD
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with a large (186 males, 215 females) community sample (ages=18-68 years, mean=24.89, S.D.=9.02), including 161 people (40%) scoring above 5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, indicating clinically impaired sleep. Measures included gratitude, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), self-statement test of pre-sleep cognitions, the Mini-IPIP scales of Big Five personality traits, and the Social Desirability Scale.


RESULTS
Gratitude predicted greater subjective sleep quality and sleep duration, and less sleep latency and daytime dysfunction. The relationship between gratitude and each of the sleep variables was mediated by more positive pre-sleep cognitions and less negative pre-sleep cognitions. All of the results were independent of the effect of the Big Five personality traits (including neuroticism) and social desirability.


CONCLUSION
This is the first study to show that a positive trait is related to good sleep quality above the effect of other personality traits, and to test whether pre-sleep cognitions are the mechanism underlying the relationship between any personality trait and sleep. The study is also the first to show that trait gratitude is related to sleep and to explain why this occurs, suggesting future directions for research, and novel clinical implications.
Research trends on Big Data in Marketing : A text mining and topic modeling based literature analysis

Given the research interest on Big Data in Marketing, we present a research literature analysis based on a text mining semi-automated approach with the goal of identifying the main trends in this domain. In particular, the analysis focuses on relevant terms and topics related with five dimensions: Big Data, Marketing, Geographic location of authors’ affiliation (countries and continents), Products, and Sectors. A total of 1560 articles published from 2010 to 2015 were scrutinized. The findings revealed that research is bipartite between technological and research domains, with Big Data publications not clearly aligning cutting edge techniques toward Marketing benefits. Also, few inter-continental co-authored publications were found. Moreover, findings show that research in Big Data applications to Marketing is still in an embryonic stage, thus making it essential to develop more direct efforts toward business for Big Data to thrive in the Marketing arena. © 2017 AEDEM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Sexual abuse of boys: definition, prevalence, correlates, sequelae, and management.

OBJECTIVE
To clarify the definition of sexual abuse of boys, update estimates of its prevalence, and explore critically its reported correlates, sequelae, and management.


DATA SOURCES
Studies from 1985 to 1997 were identified using OVID-MEDLINE and OVID-CINAHL. The search terms used were sexual abuse, sexual victimization, and sexual assault. Constraints applied included English language, human male subjects, age younger than 19 years, and North American samples.


STUDY SELECTION
Publications were included for review if they appeared in peer-reviewed journals; had clear research designs; reported results for at least 20 male subjects; and were not reviews, perspectives, theoretical treatises, editorials, or letters.


DATA EXTRACTION
Study types and sampling methods were categorized using well-established definitions. Preference was given to studies with large samples, with case-control or cohort designs, and/or with adjustment for effect modifiers or confounders.


DATA SYNTHESIS
We identified 166 studies representing 149 sexual abuse samples. Studies were methodologically limited and definitions of sexual abuse varied widely. Prevalence estimates varied widely (by definition used and population studied), ranging from 4% to 76%. Boys at highest risk were younger than 13 years, nonwhite, of low socioeconomic status, and not living with their fathers. Perpetrators tended to be known but unrelated males. Abuse frequently occurred outside the home, involved penetration, and occurred more than once. Sequelae included psychological distress, substance abuse, and sexually related problems. Evaluation of management strategies was limited.


CONCLUSIONS
Sexual abuse of boys appears to be common, underreported, underrecognized, and undertreated. Future study requires clearer definitions of abuse, improved sampling, more rigorous data collection, more sophisticated data analyses, and better assessment of management and treatment strategies. Regardless, health care professionals should be more aware of and sensitive to the possibility of sexual abuse in their male patients.
HUBBLE RED SHIFT AND THE ANOMALOUS ACCELERATION OF PIONEER 10 AND 11

It is introduced a hypothesis that the gravitational potential in the universe changes linearly with the time. This enables to explain the Hubble red shift and the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11.
The Neuroscience of Socioeconomic Status: Correlates, Causes, and Consequences

Human beings differ in their socioeconomic status (SES), with accompanying differences in physical and mental health as well as cognitive ability. Although SES has long been used as a covariate in human brain research, in recognition of its potential to account for behavioral and neural differences among people, only recently have neuroscientists made SES a topic of research in its own right. How does SES manifest in the brain, and how do its neural correlates relate to the causes and consequences of SES? This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding these questions. Particular challenges of research on the neuroscience of SES are discussed, and the relevance of this topic to neuroscience more generally is considered.
Results of cephallomedullary nail fixation for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the outcomes of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures treated with a cephalomedullary device.


DESIGN
Retrospective study.


SETTING
Level I trauma center.


PATIENTS
Between 2002 and 2008, 18 patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures were treated at our Level I trauma center with a cephalomedullary nail. There were 12 males and six females. Six patients were younger than 60 years of age with a mean age of 63 years (range, 40-88 years). Thirteen fractures were midcervical (Orthopaedic Trauma Association [OTA] 31-B2.2 and B2.3), and five fractures were subcapital (OTA 31-B3). Patients with basicervical fractures (OTA 31-B2.1) and nondisplaced subcapital fractures (OTA 31-B1) were excluded.


INTERVENTION
All patients underwent cephalomedullary nail fixation of their femoral neck fractures under the supervision of fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for fracture reduction quality. Clinical follow-up was available on 13 patients with a minimum of 12 months (range, 12-25 months). A radiographic and chart review was done to identify complications and outcomes.


RESULTS
Seven of eight fractures that healed were anatomically reduced. No failures occurred in the six patients younger than 60 years. Fixation failed in five of 13 fractures (38.4%) with varus collapse as the typical failure mode. The mean time to failure in these cases was 3.8 months (range, 1-7 months). Overall, the failure rate for the subcapital fractures was 100% (three of three) and for midcervical 20% (two of 10) with all failures being in patients older than 60 years (71.4%). Osteonecrosis without fixation failure or cutout occurred in one case.


CONCLUSION
Cephalomedullary nail fixation of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures demonstrated mixed results. For younger patients with midcervical fractures that were well reduced, the fixation performed well. Displaced subcapital fractures in patients older than 60 years demonstrated a 100% failure rate. As a result, we cannot advocate cephalomedullary fixation for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in patients older than 60 years, although in younger patients, these implants may provide an alternative to side-plate based fixation devices.
An overview of spoken language technology for education

This paper reviews research in spoken language technology for education and more specifically for language learning. It traces the history of the domain and then groups main issues in the interaction with the student. It addresses the modalities of interaction and their implementation issues and algorithms. Then it discusses one user population – children – and an application for them. Finally it has a discussion of overall systems. It can be used as an introduction to the field and a source of reference materials. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
RGB-D object pose estimation in unstructured environments

We present an object pose estimation approach exploiting both geometric depth and photometric color information available from an RGB-D sensor. In contrast to various efforts relying on object segmentation with a knownbackground structure, our approach does not depend on the segmentation and thus exhibits superior performance in unstructured environments. Inspired by a voting-based approach employing an oriented point pair feature, we present a voting-based approach which further incorporates color information from the RGB-D sensor and which exploits parallel power of the modern parallel computing architecture. The proposed approach is extensively evaluated with three state-of-the-art approaches on both synthetic and real datasets, and our approach outperforms the other approaches in terms of both computation time and accuracy. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.