LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
ATL: A model transformation tool

In the context of Model Driven Engineering, models are the main development artifacts and model transformations are among the most important operations applied to models. A number of specialized languages have been proposed, aimed at specifying model transformations. Apart from the software engineering properties of transformation languages, the availability of high quality tool support is also of key importance for the industrial adoption and ultimate success of MDE. In this paper we present ATL: a model transformation language and its execution environment based on the Eclipse framework. ATL tools provide support for the major tasks involved in using a language: editing, compiling, executing, and debugging. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Parsing transcripts of speech

We present an analysis of parser performance on speech data, comparing word type and token frequency distributions with written data, and evaluating parse accuracy by length of input string. We find that parser performance tends to deteriorate with increasing length of string, more so for spoken than for written texts. We train an alternative parsing model with added speech data and demonstrate improvements in accuracy on speech-units, with no deterioration in performance on written text.
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks for Industrial Sensing Applications

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) allows to interconnect a large number of devices and sensors to improve the operation of industrial installations and processes. Low-power wireless communication capabilities enable battery-powered condition monitoring applications that avoid the cost of wiring. Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are a novel class of wireless communication systems that are tailored for long-range connectivity at low data rates using resource-constrained devices (e.g., battery-powered wireless sensor nodes). LPWAN protocols are designed to operate in unlicensed parts of the radio-frequency spectrum. As the transmission power within these bands is limited by regulations, LPWAN technologies reduce data transfer rates to operate at a higher link budget and thus provide larger communication ranges than short-range wireless protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi). In this paper, we provide an overview of the different LPWAN protocols and discuss their integration into industrial sensing applications. In the second part of this study, we present the evaluation results of a multi-week industrial condition monitoring case study with a focus on three selected LPWAN technologies: LoRa, IEEE 802.15.4g, and a proprietary narrow-band communication scheme (TI CC1310 long-range mode). Our experimental results have shown that LoRa modulation provides the largest communication range and reliability in our industrial indoor setup followed by the TI CC1310 narrowband communication protocol. However, IEEE 802.15.4g is a viable choice for scenarios where a smaller link budget (and thus smaller range) are required as it consumes about an order of magnitude less energy to send a radio packet compared to the other protocols in our test.
CONNOTATION ANALYSIS

Language ambiguity as produced by humans, is often unnoticed and as such, is most of the times involuntary. In an original context, a sentence might be very clear with respect to the producer's intentions, but if it contains some unnoticed ambiguities (obliterated by the context), when put in another context, might convey a very different meaning, sometimes funny, sometimes embarrassing.
Quasi-hyperbolic momentum and Adam for deep learning

Momentum-based acceleration of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in deep learning. We propose the quasi-hyperbolic momentum algorithm (QHM) as an extremely simple alteration of momentum SGD, averaging a plain SGD step with a momentum step. We describe numerous connections to and identities with other algorithms, and we characterize the set of two-state optimization algorithms that QHM can recover. Finally, we propose a QH variant of Adam called QHAdam, and we empirically demonstrate that our algorithms lead to significantly improved training in a variety of settings, including a new state-of-theart result on WMT16 EN-DE. We hope that these empirical results, combined with the conceptual and practical simplicity of QHM and QHAdam, will spur interest from both practitioners and researchers. PyTorch code is immediately available. 1
DIRAE study: seasonal allergic rhinitis distribution in Spain.

BACKGROUND
National epidemiological study to observe if among patients with pollinic seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), there are differences between those visited by primary care physicians (GPs) or allergists (ALs).


METHODS
758 and 739 adults were recruited respectively by GPs and ALs. The physicians filled in a questionnaire: ARIA classification, prescribed treatment, and asthma incidence. The patient completed a visual analogical scale (VAS) to evaluate the severity of the rhinitis. Rhinitis control (controlled, partially controlled, and not controlled) was assessed by physician and patient.


RESULTS
No significant differences were found among patients visited by GPs or ALs concerning the ARIA classification and rhinitis severity. Treatment with oral antihistamines was 92.3% and 89.3% for GPs and ALs, respectively. The use of nasal corticosteroids was 76.7% and 60.4% for GP and AL patients, respectively. 31.9% of the patients visited by the ALs were treated with immunotherapy. The use of alternative medicine was 10.9% and 7.6% in GP and AL patients, respectively. The perception of "controlled" rhinitis was similar among patients (40.0%) and doctors (40.1%), although patients referred differences depending if they were visited by GP (44.8%) or AL (34.9%). Asthma prevalence was higher in those who suffered persistent as compared to intermittent rhinitis (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.39-2.36, p<0.001), and moderate/severe vs. mild rhinitis (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.05-2.68, p=0.029).


CONCLUSION
The patients with pollinic SAR visited by GPs or ALs show no differences in severity. Less than half of the patients can be considered as "controlled".
Ethical naturalism : current debates

Introduction 1. Naturalism in moral philosophy Gilbert Harman 2. Normativity and reasons: five arguments from Parfit against normative naturalism David Copp 3. Naturalism: feel the width Roger Crisp 4. On ethical naturalism and the philosophy of language Frank Jackson 5. Metaethical pluralism: how both moral naturalism and moral skepticism may be permissible positions Richard Joyce 6. Moral naturalism and categorical reasons Terence Cuneo 7. Does analytical moral naturalism rest on a mistake? Susana Nuccetelli and Gary Seay 8. Supervenience and the nature of normativity Michael Ridge 9. Can normativity be naturalized? Robert Audi 10. Ethical non-naturalism and experimental philosophy Robert Shaver 11. Externalism, motivation, and moral knowledge Sergio Tenenbaum 12. Naturalism, absolutism, relativism Michael Smith.
Vegetation change and land tenure in Mexico: A country-wide analysis

There is an ongoing debate on the effect different property regimes have on the use of natural resources and land conversion (i.e., deforestation or reforestation). Much of the discussion has been centered on the two main forms of tenure regime: common-pool system and private property. Case studies around the world have provided evidence on whether one is more effective at preventing deforestation than the other, but there is not a clear pattern. Part of the problem is that evidence comes from theoretical models or isolated case studies instead of comparative studies across large areas. This paper helps to fill this gap by analyzing the association between land cover change (2001–2010) and land tenure regimes including private and two types of common-pool systems (communal and ejido) in Mexico at the municipality level. The analyses were conducted for each of the four major biomes (i.e., moist forest, dry forest, coniferous forest, and desert) to control for differences in environmental factors. Municipalities dominated by communal land tenure had the largest increase in woody cover (classified as >80% cover) in the moist forest, dry forest, and coniferous forest biomes, and municipalities classified as private also had an increase in woody cover, particularly in the desert biome. In contrast, municipalities classified as ejidos (common-pool tenure system resulting from the land reform) lost woody cover mostly in moist forest and desert biomes, but gained woody cover in dry forest and coniferous forest biomes. In modeling analyses, environmental variables were the most important variables associated with woody cover change for private and most communal municipalities, while socioeconomic variables were the most important in ejido regimes. These results highlight the importance of land tenure on land cover change, and show that differences in woody cover change between types of common-pool systems can be larger than their differences with private land tenure. During the last 10 years, virtually all deforestation has occurred in areas dominated by ejidos; in contrast, communal and private regimes seem to ameliorate the deforestation process.
Drops of madness? Recreational misuse of tropicamide collyrium; early warning alerts from Russia and Italy.

BACKGROUND
Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug usually prescribed as an ophthalmic solution to induce short-term mydriasis and cycloplegia. Over the last 2 years, tropicamide has been reported in both Russia and Italy to be self-administered intravenously (IV) for recreational purposes.


METHODS
The literature on tropicamide was searched in PsycInfo and Pubmed databases. Considering the absence of peer-reviewed data, results were integrated with a multilingual qualitative assessment of a range of Web sites, drug fora and other online resources (i.e., e-newsgroups, chat rooms, mailing lists, e-newsletters and bulletin boards): between January 2012 and January 2013, exploratory qualitative searches of more than 100 Web sites have been carried out in English and Italian using generic and specific keywords such as "legal highs," "research chemicals," "online pharmacy," "tropicamide," "mydriacil," "tropicacyl," "visumidriatic," "online pharmacies" and "tropicamide recreational abuse" in the Google search engine.


RESULTS
Misuse of tropicamide typically occurs through IV injection; its effects last from 30 min to 6 h, and it is often taken in combination with other psychoactive compounds, most typically alcohol, marijuana and opiates. Medical effects of tropicamide misuse include slurred speech, persistent mydriasis, unconsciousness/unresponsiveness, hallucinations, kidney pain, dysphoria, "open eye dreams," hyperthermia, tremors, suicidal feelings, convulsions, psychomotor agitation, tachycardia and headache.


DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
More large-scale studies need to be carried out to confirm and better describe the extent of tropicamide misuse in the European Union and elsewhere. Health and other professionals should be rapidly informed about this new and alerting trend of misuse.
WAIS-IV Seven-Subtest Short Form: Validity and Clinical Use in Schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE
This study assesses the psychometric properties of Ward's seven-subtest short form (SF) for WAIS-IV in a sample of adults with schizophrenia (SZ) and schizoaffective disorder.


METHOD
Seventy patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered the full version of the WAIS-IV. Four different versions of the Ward's SF were then calculated. The subtests used were: Similarities, Digit Span, Arithmetic, Information, Coding, Picture Completion, and Block Design (BD version) or Matrix Reasoning (MR version). Prorated and regression-based formulae were assessed for each version.


RESULTS
The actual and estimated factorial indexes reflected the typical pattern observed in schizophrenia. The four SFs correlated significantly with their full-version counterparts, but the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) correlated below the acceptance threshold for all four versions. The regression-derived estimates showed larger differences compared to the full form. The four forms revealed comparable but generally low clinical category agreement rates for factor indexes. All SFs showed an acceptable reliability, but they were not correlated with clinical outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
The WAIS-IV SF offers a good estimate of WAIS-IV intelligence quotient, which is consistent with previous results. Although the overall scores are comparable between the four versions, the prorated forms provided a better estimation of almost all indexes. MR can be used as an alternative for BD without substantially changing the psychometric properties of the SF. However, we recommend a cautious use of these abbreviated forms when it is necessary to estimate the factor index scores, especially PRI, and Processing Speed Index.
Early and repetitive stimulation of the arm can substantially improve the long-term outcome after stroke: a 5-year follow-up study of a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Several studies have investigated the effect of therapeutic interventions for the arm in the acute phase after stroke, with follow-ups at a maximum of 12 months. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of repetitive sensorimotor training of the arm at 5 years after stroke.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
One hundred consecutive stroke patients were randomly allocated either to an experimental group that received daily additional sensorimotor stimulation of the arm or to a control group. The intervention period was 6 weeks. Assessments of the patients were made before, midway, and after intervention, and at 6 and 12 months after stroke. In this study, 62 patients were reassessed at 5 years after stroke. The Brunnström-Fugl-Meyer (BFM) test, Action Research Arm (ARA) test, and Barthel index (BI) were used as the primary outcome measures.


RESULTS
At the 5-year follow-up, there was a statistically significant difference for both the BFM and ARA tests in favor of the experimental group. The mean differences in improvement between the groups from the initial evaluation to the 5-year assessment corresponded to 17 points on the BFM and 17.4 on the ARA. No effect was found for the BI. The treatment was most effective in patients with a severe initial motor deficit.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding a specific intervention for the arm during the acute phase after a stroke resulted in a clinically meaningful and long-lasting effect on motor function. The effect can be attributed to early, repetitive, and targeted stimulation.
Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study

Contemporary social networking sites (SNSs) make idealized self-presentation and image maintenance difficult because users’ audiences are becoming more diverse and individual users must negotiate often unanticipated other-provided information in the form of text posts and digital images on their profile pages. This cross-cultural study examines how audience-related variables affect a range of strategic self-presentation and image management behaviors online. Results from samples of Singaporean and American SNS users (N = 411) show that while Americans update their profiles with text-based wall posts more frequently, Singaporeans share significantly more photos. Audience diversity is positively associated with active management of other-provided information, and females share more photos and actively manage unwanted photo tagging. Cultural identity and the tendency to ‘friend’ unknown others interact on managing other-provided wall posts; individualistic cultural identity exhibited positive relationships with these reactions for those less likely to friend unknown others but negative ones for those more likely to friend unknown others. Implications for the theoretical understanding of and practical suggestions about self-presentation online are discussed. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A sequential converted measurement Kalman filter in the ECEF coordinate system for airborne Doppler radar

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: Earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system Converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) Posterior Cramer–Rao lower bound (PCRLB) Sequential filter Doppler Correlation coefficient For an airborne Doppler radar, the carrying platform is moving and has time-varying attitudes. The filtering algorithms applicable to local coordinate system are not suitable anymore. In this paper, we propose a sequential converted measurement Kalman filter (SCMKF) with Doppler, which is based on the earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system. First, to effectively utilize Doppler measurement with probable correlation with slant range, the correlated Doppler and range are decorrelated by the Cholesky factorization. The range component remains unchanged while the Doppler component is changed. Second, by a series of coordinate transformations with unchanged range component and other observations, the converted position measurement is obtained. Meanwhile, the corresponding error covariance is derived by using Taylor series expansion. With the resulting converted measurement and covariance, the target state is filtered by the converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF), which is extended to the ECEF system. Finally, the filtered state is updated sequentially with the changed Doppler. Compared with the posterior Cramer–Rao lower bound as well as the CMKF, the proposed SCMKF is shown to be an efficient solution, and is superior to the CMKF. Although the gain brought from low-accuracy Doppler is limited, the introduction of high-accuracy Doppler can improve tracking performance significantly.
The power of qualitative research in the era of social media

Purpose – The electronic social media such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, etc. have become a major form of communication, and the expression of attitudes and opinions, for the general public. Recently, they have also become a source of data for market researchers. This paper aims to provide a critical look at the advantages and limitations of such an approach to understanding brand perceptions and attitudes in the market place. Although the social media provide a wealth of data for automated content analyses, this review questions the validity and reliability of this research approach, and concludes that social media monitoring (SMM) is a poor substitute for in-depth qualitative research which has many advantages and benefits. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a detailed, systematic comparison of various research approaches. These include well-established methods and recent inventions which are in use to explore and understand consumer behaviour and attitudes. Particular attention is given to the analysis of spontaneous consumer attitudes as expressed through the social media and also in qualitative research interviews. Findings – This analysis concludes that there are three critical features which differentiate qualitative research (as practised in IDIs and group discussions) from SMM. These are: the direct, interactive dialogue or conversation between consumers and researchers; the facility to “listen” and attend to the (sometimes unspoken) underlying narrative which connects consumers’ needs and aspirations, personal goals and driving forces to behaviour and brand choice; and the dynamic, interactive characteristics of the interview that achieve a meeting of minds to produce a shared understanding. Philosophically, it is this “conversation” that gives qualitative research its validity and authenticity which makes it superior to SMM. Originality/value – This review questions the validity and reliability of the SMM, and concludes that it is a poor substitute for in-depth qualitative research which has many advantages and benefits.
A Disorienting Look at Euler's Theorem on the Axis of a Rotation

1. INTRODUCTION. A rotation in two dimensions (or other even dimensions) does not in general leave any direction fixed, and even in three dimensions it is not immediately obvious that the composition of rotations about distinct axes is equivalent to a rotation about a single axis. However, in 1775–1776, Leonhard Euler [8] published a remarkable result stating that in three dimensions every rotation of a sphere about its center has an axis, and providing a geometric construction for finding it. In modern terms, we formulate Euler's result in terms of rotation matrices as follows .
Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in adults with stroke or other adult nonprogressive acquired brain damage.

E xecutive functions are cognitive processes essential for controlling goal-oriented behavior and responding to new and novel situations. Executive function includes the processes of planning, initiation, organization, inhibition, problem solving, self-monitoring, and error correction. It has been estimated that ≈75% of stroke survivors experience impaired executive function (executive dysfunction), resulting in reduced capacity to regain independence in activities of daily living, particularly when new movement strategies are necessary to compensate for limb weakness. A variety of cognitive rehabilitation interventions are implemented within clinical practice in an attempt to improve executive function and, consequently, independence with activities of daily living. Objectives To determine the effects of cognitive rehabilitation on executive dysfunction for adults with stroke or other nonprogressive acquired brain injuries. We also searched an additional 11 databases, hand-searched journals and conference proceedings, and contacted experts. We included randomized trials in adults with stroke or other adult acquired brain injury in which the intervention was cognitive rehabilitation, and outcomes included executive function measures or cognitive outcome measures with separable executive function scores. The primary outcome of interest was measures of global executive function; secondary outcomes included assessments of specific components of executive function and activities of daily living. Two review authors independently screened abstracts, extracted data, and appraised trials. Assessments of methodological quality for allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, method of dealing with missing data, and other potential sources of bias were undertaken. For continuous data, we calculated the treatment effect using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals where different studies used different scales for the assessment of the same outcome, and using mean differences and 95% confidence interval where studies all used the same method of measuring outcome. We used a random-effect model for all analyses. Nineteen studies (907 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Data were available for inclusion within meta-analyses from 13 studies (660 participants, including 234 with stroke) that investigated a range of interventions, including problem-solving training (6 studies), self-awareness or self-monitoring training (4 studies), general cognitive rehabilitation (2 studies), and working memory training (1 study). Six of the included studies (333 participants) compared cognitive rehabilitation with no treatment or placebo; none reported the primary outcome measure and data from 4 studies demonstrated no statistically significant effect of cognitive rehabilitation on secondary outcomes. Ten studies (448 participants) compared an experimental cognitive rehabilitation approach with a standard cognitive rehabilitation approach. Only 2 of these …