LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Early Probiotic Supplementation for Eczema and Asthma Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES
To determine if probiotic administration during the first 6 months of life decreases childhood asthma and eczema.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation on the cumulative incidence of eczema (primary end point) and asthma and rhinitis (secondary end points) in high-risk infants. For the first 6 months of life, intervention infants (n = 92) received a daily dose of 10 billion colony-forming units of LGG and 225 mg of inulin (Amerifit Brands, Cromwell, CT), and control infants (n = 92) received 325 mg of inulin alone. We used survival analysis methods to estimate disease incidences in the presence or absence of LGG and to estimate the efficacy of LGG in delaying or preventing these diseases.


RESULTS
Infants were accrued over a 6-year period (median follow-up: 4.6 years; 95% retention rate at 2 years). At 2 years of age, the estimated cumulative incidence of eczema was 30.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.4%-40.4%) in the control arm and 28.7% (95% CI, 19.4%-38.0%) in the LGG arm, for a hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.59-1.53) (log-rank P = .83). At 5 years of age, the cumulative incidence of asthma was 17.4% (95% CI, 7.6%-27.1%) in the control arm and 9.7% (95% CI, 2.7%-16.6%) in the LGG arm, for a hazard ratio of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.41-1.87) (log-rank P = .25).


CONCLUSIONS
For high-risk infants, early LGG supplementation for the first 6 months of life does not appear to prevent the development of eczema or asthma at 2 years of age.
On the resolution performance of passive radar using DVB-T illuminations

DVB-T signals used as illumination for passive radar offer advantageous radar signal processing properties and promise sufficiently high range resolution. Passive DVB-T radar performance assessment is based on a signal processing model including reference signal reconstruction, the influence of bit-error rates on range performance and the application of error corrections. A verification of the estimated range resolution performance is attempted using the experimental passive radar system PETRA of FHR to discriminate small civilian aircraft in close flight under realistic measurement conditions. The results encourage utilising DVB-T signals as trend-setting non-cooperative illuminations in future passive radar systems, not only in central Europe.
Innovation and Creativity in Organizations : A State-ofthe-Science Review , Prospective Commentary , and Guiding Framework

Creativity and innovation in any organization are vital to its successful performance. The authors review the rapidly growing body of research in this area with particular attention to the period 2002 to 2013, inclusive. Conceiving of both creativity and innovation as being integral parts of essentially the same process, we propose a new, integrative definition. We note that research into creativity has typically examined the stage of idea generation, whereas innovation studies have commonly also included the latter phase of idea implementation. The authors discuss several seminal theories of creativity and innovation, then apply a comprehensive levels-of-analysis framework to review extant research into individual, team, organizational, and multi-level innovation. Key measurement characteristics of the reviewed studies are then noted. In conclusion, we propose a guiding framework for future research comprising eleven major themes and sixty specific questions for future studies. INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 3 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: A STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE REVIEW, PROSPECTIVE COMMENTARY, AND
Comparative Study of Various Decision Tree Classification Algorithm Using WEKA

his paper is focused on comparison of various decision tree classification algorithms using WEKA tool. Data mining tools such as classification, clustering, association and neural network solve large amount of problem. These are all open source tools, we directly communicate with each tool or by java code. In this paper we discuss on classification technique of data mining. In classification, various techniques are present such as bayes, functions, lazy, rules and tree etc. . Decision tree is one of the most frequently used classification algorithm. Decision tree classification with Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) is the simplest way to mining information from huge database. This work shows the process of WEKA analysis of file converts, step by step process of weka execution, selection of attributes to be mined and comparison with Knowledge Extraction of Evolutionary Learning . I took database [1] and execute in weka software. The conclusion of the paper shows the comparison among all type of decision tree algorithms by weka tool.
The role of frequent, interactive prekindergarten shared reading in the longitudinal development of language and literacy skills.

In this study, we examined the longitudinal relations between frequency and features of reading experiences within the preschool classroom to children's language and literacy outcomes in kindergarten and 1st grade. Frequency refers to the number of shared reading sessions conducted each week as measured by teachers' written reading logs recorded across the academic year. Features refers to teachers' extratextual talk about literal, inferential, or print or phonological topics as assessed by analysis of 6 videotaped readings of narrative and informational texts collected across the preschool year. Participants were 28 preschool teachers and 178 children. The children were largely at risk and randomly selected from among those in each classroom to complete longitudinal assessments. In preschool, results showed that the frequency of classroom shared reading was positively and significantly related to children's receptive vocabulary growth, as was the inclusion of extratextual conversations around the text; only extratextual conversations related to children's preschool literacy growth. There was no evidence of differential influences of these experiences for children; that is, the relationship between frequency or features and children's language and literacy development was not moderated by children's initial skill level. Longitudinally, extratextual talk during preschool shared reading remained associated with children's vocabulary skills through kindergarten, with trends toward significance extending to 1st grade literacy skills. The frequency of preschool shared reading was not a significant predictor of longitudinal outcomes.
Parental depression and child well-being: young children's self-reports helped addressing biases in parent reports.

OBJECTIVES
Effects of maternal and paternal depression on child development are typically evaluated using parental reports of child problems. Yet, parental reports may be biased.


METHODS
In a population-based cohort, parents reported lifetime depression (N = 3,178) and depressive symptoms (N = 3,131). Child emotional and behavioral problems were assessed at age 6 years by child self-report using the Berkeley Puppet Interview, by mother report using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and at age 3 years by father and mother reported CBCLs.


RESULTS
Both maternal and paternal depression was associated with more child problems. Associations were of similar strength if child problems were obtained by self-reports. However, if parents reported about their own depression or depressive symptoms and about their child's problems, estimates were generally stronger for associations with the reporting parent's depression as the determinant. For instance, if mothers reported child emotional problems, associations were stronger for maternal (B = 0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19, 0.35) than for paternal lifetime depression (B = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.21; P-value for difference = 0.02).


CONCLUSION
Depression of mothers and fathers affects young children's well-being. However, if parents reported about their own depression and about child problems, associations were inflated. To accurately estimate effects of parental depression, multiple-source data including young children's perspectives must be considered.
An alternating method for an inverse Cauchy problem

In this paper, an iterative boundary element method based on our relaxed algorithm introduced in [8] is used to solve numerically a class of inverse boundary problems. A dynamical choice of the relaxation parameter is presented and a stopping criterion based on our theoretical results is used. The numerical results show that the algorithm produces a reasonably approximate solution and improves the rate of convergence of Kozlov's scheme [10].
Isogeometric analysis : CAD , finite elements , NURBS , exact geometry and mesh refinement

The concept of isogeometric analysis is proposed. Basis functions generated from NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) are employed to construct an exact geometric model. For purposes of analysis, the basis is refined and/or its order elevated without changing the geometry or its parameterization. Analogues of finite element hand p-refinement schemes are presented and a new, more efficient, higher-order concept, k-refinement, is introduced. Refinements are easily implemented and exact geometry is maintained at all levels without the necessity of subsequent communication with a CAD (Computer Aided Design) description. In the context of structural mechanics, it is established that the basis functions are complete with respect to affine transformations, meaning that all rigid body motions and constant strain states are exactly represented. Standard patch tests are likewise satisfied. Numerical examples exhibit optimal rates of convergence for linear elasticity problems and convergence to thin elastic shell solutions. A k-refinement strategy is shown to converge toward monotone solutions for advection–diffusion processes with sharp internal and boundary layers, a very surprising result. It is argued that isogeometric analysis is a viable alternative to standard, polynomial-based, finite element analysis and possesses several advantages. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Compressed sensing imaging techniques for radio interferometry

Radio interferometry probes astrophysical signals through incomplete and noisy Fourier measurements. The theory of compressed sensing demonstrates that such measurements may actually suffice for accurate reconstruction of sparse or compressible signals. We propose new generic imaging techniques based on convex optimization for global minimization problems defined in this context. The versatility of the framework notably allows introduction of specific prior information on the signals, which offers the possibility of significant improvements of reconstruction relative to the standard local matching pursuit algorithm CLEAN used in radio astronomy. We illustrate the potential of the approach by studying reconstruction performances on simulations of two different kinds of signals observed with very generic interferometric configurations. The first kind is an intensity field of compact astrophysical objects. The second kind is the imprint of cosmic strings in the temperature field of the cosmic microwave background radiation, of particular interest for cosmology.
Novel energy sharing collisions of multicomponent solitons

In this paper, we discuss the fascinating energy sharing collisions of multicomponent solitons in certain incoherently coupled and coherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations arising in the context of nonlinear optics.
Clinical management of abnormal cytology test results and costs associated with the prevention of cervical cancer in Spain.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical management of women with abnormal cervical cytology results, the associated health care resource allocation, and costs in Spain.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective, observational, multicenter study of 849 women with abnormal cervical cytology results: 162 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; 19.1%), 272 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs; 32.0%), 369 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs; 43.5%), and 46 cases of cancer (5.4%). Health care resources allocated to the diagnosis and treatment of lesions for a minimum of 2 years from the first abnormal cervical cytology result were assessed from patients' charts.


RESULTS
Histologic diagnosis confirmed 159 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN 1; 18.7%), 120 cases of CIN 2 (14.1%), 295 cases of CIN 3 (34.8%), and 79 cases of cancer (9.3%). Median waiting time to first intervention after an abnormal cytology result was 47 days (diagnostic range = 31-60). The most common diagnostic procedures were colposcopy and additional cytology testing. The principal therapeutic procedure was loop electrosurgical excision. The costs generated according to cytology result were (euro)1,196.80 (ASCUS), (euro)912.43 (LSIL), (euro)1,333.00 (HSIL), and (euro)6,261.30 (cancer). The costs generated according to histology results were (euro)790.10 (CIN 1), (euro)1,131.20 (CIN 2), (euro)1,181.30 (CIN 3), and (euro)7,041.70 (cancer).


CONCLUSIONS
Waiting time to the first intervention may be longer than clinically desirable. Direct costs associated with the management patterns of women with abnormal cervical cytology result are high and have important economic consequences to the Spanish National Health System. These results will allow to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of future intervention strategies.
An Attraction-Selection-Attrition Theory of Online Community Size and Resilience

Online discussion communities play an important role in the development of relationships and the transfer of knowledge within and across organizations. Their underlying technologies enhance these processes by providing infrastructures through which group-based communication can occur. Community administrators often make decisions about technologies with the goal of enhancing the user experience, but the impact of such decisions on how a community develops must also be considered. To shed light on this complex and underresearched phenomenon, we offer a model of key latent constructs influenced by technology choices and possible causal paths by which they have dynamic effects on communities. Two important community characteristics that can be impacted are community size (number of members) and community resilience (membership that is willing to remain involved with the community in spite of variability and change in the topics discussed). To model community development, we build on attraction–selection–attrition (ASA) theory, introducing two new concepts: participation costs (how much time and effort are required to engage with content provided in a community) and topic consistency cues (how strongly a community signals that topics that may appear in the future will be consistent with what it has hosted in the past). We use the proposed ASA theory of online communities (OCASA) to develop a simulation model of community size and resilience that affirms some conventional wisdom and also has novel and counterintuitive implications. Analysis of the model leads to testable new propositions about the causal paths by which technology choices affect the emergence of community size and community resilience, and associated implications for community sustainability. 1
A hybrid grouping genetic algorithm for bin packing

The grouping genetic algorithm (GGA) is a genetic algorithm heavily modified to suit the structure of grouping problems. Those are the problems where the aim is to find a good partition of a set or to group together the members of the set. The bin packing problem (BPP) is a well known NP-hard grouping problem: items of various sires have to be grouped inside bins of tixed capacity. On the other hand, the reduction method of Martello and Toth, based on their dominance criterion, constitutes one of the best OR techniques for optimization of the BPP to date. In this article, we first describe the GGA paradigm as compared to me classic Holland-style GA and the ordering GA. We then show how the bin packing GGA can be enhanced with a local optimization inspired by the dominance criterion. An extensive experimental comparison shows that the combination yields an algorithm superior to either of its components. Key urords: grouping, partitioning, bin packing, genetic algorithm, solution encoding, dominance, reduction
Nested Arrays in Two Dimensions, Part II: Application in Two Dimensional Array Processing

This paper explores the practical application of a new class of two dimensional arrays, namely, the two dimensional nested arrays, in array processing problems like two dimensional direction of arrival estimation. Nested arrays constitute a class of two dimensional arrays with physical sensors on lattice(s), whose difference co-array gives rise to a virtual two dimensional array with O(MN) elements, although the number of physical sensors used is M + N . The structure of the two dimensional nested array was proposed in a companion paper and several issues related to the geometrical orientation of the difference co-array in the two dimensional space were addressed. In this paper, the practical aspects of the application of the nested array in two dimensional array processing are considered, which can enable us to exploit the increased degrees of freedom offered by the co-array. Under the constraint of a fixed total number of physical sensors, the optimal structure of the 2D nested array is solved which maximizes the number of elements in the virtual co-array. This provides closed form expressions for the sensor locations and the exact degrees of freedom obtainable from the proposed array as a function of the total number of sensors. It is shown that one can obtain O(N2) virtual elements in the co-array using only N physical sensors. To exploit the increased degrees of freedom (large number of virtual sensors) offered by the virtual array for two dimensional DOA estimation of more sources than sensors, a novel algorithm based on the concept of two dimensional spatial smoothing is proposed and several issues related to identifiability in two dimensional DOA estimation problem (which is a fundamental issue in two dimensions), are addressed. The validity of the proposed methods is verified through several numerical examples.
Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis: pattern of tuberculosis, two-month smear conversion and treatment outcomes in Guangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVE
There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China. We evaluated the association between DM and the pattern of disease, 2-month sputum smear conversion and treatment outcomes of patients with TB in Guangzhou, China.


METHOD
All patients registered with TB from September 2011 to June 2012 were screened for DM and assessed for treatment outcomes in relation to presence or absence of DM and quality of DM control using patient registers, treatment cards and electronic record systems.


RESULTS
There were 1589 patients with TB of whom 189 (12%) had DM. Among those with DM, there was a significantly higher proportion of men, persons aged 35 years and older and persons with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (P < 0.01). In patients with DM and new smear-positive PTB, there was a higher proportion who had positive sputum smears at 2 months (21.7% vs. 5.6%, RR 3.85, 95%CI 2.24-6.63), who were lost-to-follow-up (5.2% vs. 1.7%, RR 3.23, 95%CI 1.08-9.63) and who failed treatment (10.3% vs. 2.3%, RR 4.46, 95%CI 1.96-10.18) compared with patients who had no DM. There was no significant association between these adverse outcomes and DM control as measured by 2 and 6-month fasting blood glucose.


CONCLUSION
Diabetes mellitus in new smear-positive patients with PTB was associated with failure to sputum smear convert at 2 months and adverse treatment outcomes of loss-to-follow-up and failure. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for these findings and to determine whether the current length of treatment of 6 months is adequate.
Value Co-Creation in E-Commerce

Purpose: This thesis aims to examine if and how Value Co-Creation works online, and what interactions the customers believe to be of importance to continue a relationship with a company. Problem: The problem of the thesis is how to create value in order to establish long-term relationships with customers in an online environment where the element of face to face interactions is absent, and switching costs facing the customers are non-existent. There is little research made about Value Co-Creation in an online setting, further how Co-Creation of Value affects the ability to establish and maintain Customer Relationships. Method: This paper utilized a qualitative research approach and was executed through a case study built up by a thorough analysis of a marketing plan and the value creating activities of Company X, and semi-structured interviews with twelve customers of Company X to investigate how these activities are perceived. Findings: The conclusion of the research in this paper is that Company X performs activities that allows Co-Creation of Value. Further, it was concluded that the services provided by Company X contributes with important factors when trying to establish and maintain relationships with their customers.
Evaluation of palatal donor site haemostasis and wound healing after free gingival graft surgery.

AIM
Evaluating effectiveness of a medicinal plant extract (MPE) in achieving haemostasis and early wound healing at free gingival graft (FGG) donor site in a randomized controlled fashion.


METHODS
Forty patients requiring FGG at lower anterior area were randomly assigned into two groups. FGG was performed to all patients and following graft procurement; wet gauze (WG) was applied alone (control: WG group) or with MPE (test: MPE + WG group) for haemostasis. Donor site working time, bleeding (BLE), colour match (CM), pain, epithelization (EP) and sensation loss (SL) were evaluated.


RESULTS
Thirty-three participants completed a 6-month period study. In the test group, primary BLE was shorter (p < 0.001) and fewer individuals showed secondary BLE during 3 days (p < 0.001). During the 6 days, pain scores were higher in WG patients (p < 0.05). Later on, no inter-group difference was observed. EP was relatively faster (p < 0.001) and CM was slightly better (p < 0.05) in MPE + WG group.


CONCLUSION
MPE provided faster and continuous haemostasis that made a positive contribution to the early soft tissue healing to some extent but due to limitations; further trials are needed to demonstrate the efficiency of this material.