LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Authorship Attribution: An Evaluation of Techniques

The basic assumption of quantitative authorship attribution is that the author of a text can be selected from a set of possible authors by comparing the values of textual measurements in that text to their corresponding values in each possible author’s writing sample. Over the past three centuries, many types of textual measurements have been proposed, but never before have the majority of these measurements been tested on the same dataset. A large-scale comparison of textual measurements is crucial if current techniques are to be used effectively and if new and more powerful techniques are to be developed. This article presents the results of a comparison of thirty-nine different types of textual measurements commonly used in attribution studies, in order to determine which are the best indicators of authorship. Based on the results of these tests, a more accurate approach to quantitative authorship attribution is proposed, which involves the analysis of many different textual measurements. .................................................................................................................................................................................
Effects of combination of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on serum fasting blood sugar, insulin, apoprotein B and apoprotein A-I in patients with type I diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
There is accumulating evidence that shows the metabolism of zinc and vitamin A are altered in diabetes mellitus type I (DMTI), thus the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of combination of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, apoprotein B and apoprotein A-I in patients with DMTI.


DESIGN
Forty-eight, 7-year-old to 20-year-old patients with at least 2 years of DMTI history, without any metabolic condition or medicine intake with insulin treatment, participated in a randomized double-blind clinical trial for 12 weeks. They were divided into zinc and vitamin A (VAZ)-supplemented (10 mg elemental zinc per day and one-half of a 25,000 IU vitamin A tablet every other day) and/or placebo groups after matching for sex, age and DMTI duration. Nutrient intake was estimated using 24 h recall and was analyzed by food processor program. Serum apoproteins B and A-I, FBS and insulin levels were determined at the beginning and end of the trial.


RESULTS
There was significant increase in apoprotein A-I (P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in apoprotein B (P < 0.0001) and apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio (P < 0.0001) at the end of the study compared with baseline values in the VAZ group but apoprotein A-I had a significant increase (P < 0.0001) and the apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio had a significant decrease (P = 0.02) at the end of study in the VAZ group compared with the control group


CONCLUSION
It seems that combined zinc and vitamin A supplementation can improve serum apoprotein A-I, apoprotein B and the apoprotein B/apoprotein A-I ratio in patients with DMTI.
Cholesterol modification of Hedgehog family proteins.

(Hh) gene family encodes a group of secreted signaling molecules that are essential for growth and patterning of many different body parts of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos (1). Depending on the context, Hh signals can promote cell proliferation, prevent apoptosis, or induce specific cell fates. Hh family members can exert their effects not only on cells neighboring the source of the signal, but also over considerable distances (up to 30-cell diameters), acting in at least some cases as classic morphogens. Such mor-phogens are signaling molecules that diffuse from a source to form a concentration gradient over an extended area of the target field and elicit different responses from cells according to their position within the gradient, which in turn reflects the dosage of the ligand they are exposed to. In the fruit fly Drosophila, Hh patterns the embryonic ectoderm via short-range interactions with other sig-naling molecules (2). On the other hand, it employs two different strategies in larval wing imaginal discs: it induces a secondary signal (Decapentaplegic [Dpp]) locally, which then acts at a long range; and Hh itself diffuses over several cell diameters and acts as a mor-phogen (3–5). Unlike Drosophila, which has one member of the Hh family, mice have three — Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh) — with Shh being the best studied (Table 1). Shh is expressed at the ventral end of the neural tube (floor plate) and underlying notochord, and patterns the neu-ral tube along its dorsoventral axis (6). Several pieces of evidence support the notion that this patterning is mediated by a direct morphogen activity of Shh. In vitro assays using undifferentiated neural tube explants demonstrate that different dosages of Shh can induce different cell types, where the relative dosages required to induce certain cell fates are consistent with their positions within the concentration gradient in vivo (7, 8). More recently, it has become possible to visualize the endogenous Shh gradient covering the ventral half of the neural tube by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (9, 10). In addition, the cell-autonomous activation or inactivation of the pathway using mutant forms of receptor components results in autonomous changes of cell fates, confirming the direct role of Hh signaling (11, 12). The limb is another place where Shh may function as a morphogen. Shh is expressed in the posterior distal mesenchyme of the limb bud, called the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), and …
Neural Segmental Hypergraphs for Overlapping Mention Recognition

In this work, we propose a novel segmental hypergraph representation to model overlapping entity mentions that are prevalent in many practical datasets. We show that our model built on top of such a new representation is able to capture features and interactions that cannot be captured by previous models while maintaining a low time complexity for inference. We also present a theoretical analysis to formally assess how our representation is better than alternative representations reported in the literature in terms of representational power. Coupled with neural networks for feature learning, our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance in three benchmark datasets annotated with overlapping mentions.1
Quaternary Glacial History of the Central Karakoram

The Quaternary glacial history of the world’s highest mountains, the Central Karakoram, is examined for the first time using geomorphic mapping of landforms and sediments, and Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of boulders on the moraines and glacially eroded surfaces. Four glacial stages are defined: the Bunthang glacial stage (40.7Ma); the Skardu glacial stage (marine Oxygen Isotope Stage [MIS] 6 or older); the Mungo glacial stage (MIS 2); and the Askole glacial stage (Holocene). Glaciers advanced several times during each glacial stage. These advances are not well defined for the oldest glacial stages, but during the Mungo and Askole glacial stages glacial advances likely occurred at 16, 11–13, 5 and 0.8 ka. The extent of glaciation in this region became increasingly more restricted over time. In the Braldu and Shigar valleys, glaciers advanced 4150 km during the Bunthang and Skardu glacial stages, while glaciers advanced 480 km beyond their present positions during the Mungo glacial stage. In contrast, glaciers advanced a few kilometers from present ice margins during the Askole glacial stage. Glacier in this region likely respond in a complex fashion to the same forcing that causes changes in Northern Hemisphere oceans and ice sheets, teleconnected via the mid-latitude westerlies, and also to changes in monsoonal intensity. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Memory functions in chronic pain: examining contributions of attention and age to test performance.

OBJECTIVES
Previous studies have revealed that memory performance is diminished in chronic pain patients. Few studies, however, have assessed multiple components of memory in a single sample. It is currently also unknown whether attentional problems, which are commonly observed in chronic pain, mediate the decline in memory. Finally, previous studies have focused on middle-aged adults, and a possible detrimental effect of aging on memory performance in chronic pain patients has been commonly disregarded. This study, therefore, aimed at describing the pattern of semantic, working, and visual and verbal episodic memory performance in participants with chronic pain, while testing for possible contributions of attention and age to task performance.


METHODS
Thirty-four participants with chronic pain and 32 pain-free participants completed tests of episodic, semantic, and working memory to assess memory performance and a test of attention.


RESULTS
Participants with chronic pain performed worse on tests of working memory and verbal episodic memory. A decline in attention explained some, but not all, group differences in memory performance. Finally, no additional effect of age on the diminished task performance in participants with chronic pain was observed.


DISCUSSION
Taken together, the results indicate that chronic pain significantly affects memory performance. Part of this effect may be caused by underlying attentional dysfunction, although this could not fully explain the observed memory decline. An increase in age in combination with the presence of chronic pain did not additionally affect memory performance.
Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: the U.K. TAVI (United Kingdom Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Registry.

OBJECTIVES
The objective was to define the characteristics of a real-world patient population treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), regardless of technology or access route, and to evaluate their clinical outcome over the mid to long term.


BACKGROUND
Although a substantial body of data exists in relation to early clinical outcomes after TAVI, there are few data on outcomes beyond 1 year in any notable number of patients.


METHODS
The U.K. TAVI (United Kingdom Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Registry was established to report outcomes of all TAVI procedures performed within the United Kingdom. Data were collected prospectively on 870 patients undergoing 877 TAVI procedures up until December 31, 2009. Mortality tracking was achieved in 100% of patients with mortality status reported as of December 2010.


RESULTS
Survival at 30 days was 92.9%, and it was 78.6% and 73.7% at 1 year and 2 years, respectively. There was a marked attrition in survival between 30 days and 1 year. In a univariate model, survival was significantly adversely affected by renal dysfunction, the presence of coronary artery disease, and a nontransfemoral approach; whereas left ventricular function (ejection fraction <30%), the presence of moderate/severe aortic regurgitation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remained the only independent predictors of mortality in the multivariate model.


CONCLUSIONS
Midterm to long-term survival after TAVI was encouraging in this high-risk patient population, although a substantial proportion of patients died within the first year.
Anesthetic ketamine impairs rats' recall of previous information: the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methylester antagonizes this ketamine-induced recognition memory deficit.

BACKGROUND
There is poor experimental evidence concerning the effects of anesthetic doses of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine on rodents' memory abilities. The current study was designed (1) to investigate the consequences of posttraining administration of anesthetic ketamine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on rats' recognition memory and (2) to evaluate the ability of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME; 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to counteract the expected behavioral deficits produced by anesthetic ketamine. Finally, in an attempt to clarify if the expected memory impairments produced by anesthetic ketamine were related to the anesthesia, we also tested the effects of a subanesthetic dose of it (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on rats' recognition memory.


METHODS
The novel object recognition test, a procedure assessing recognition memory in rats, was selected.


RESULTS
Posttraining administration of anesthetic (but not of subanesthetic) ketamine disrupted rats' performance in the novel object recognition paradigm. The discrimination index (D) was decreased by ketamine from 0.415 (using saline) to 0.128, thus indicating that the anesthetic dose of ketamine impaired recognition memory. L-NAME (1-3, but not 10, mg/kg) reversed this memory deficit produced by ketamine; the D index of 0.128 using ketamine treatment was increased by 1 and 3 mg/kg L-NAME to 0.427 and 0.478, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The current results indicate that anesthetic ketamine impaired rats' posttraining memory components (storage and/or retrieval of information) and that a nitric oxide component modulates its behavioral effects.
Optimal scheduling for distributed hybrid system with pumped hydro storage

Photovoltaic and wind power generations are currently seen as sustainable options of in rural electrification, particularly in standalone applications. However the variable character of solar and wind resources as well as the variable load demand prevent these generation systems from being totally reliable without suitable energy storage system. Several research works have been conducted on the use of photovoltaic and wind systems in rural electrification; however most of these works have not considered other ways of storing energy except for conventional battery storage systems. In this paper, an energy dispatch model that satisfies the load demand, taking into account the intermittent nature of the solar and wind energy sources and variations in demand, is presented for a hybrid system consisting of a photovoltaic unit, a wind unit, a pumped hydro storage system and a diesel generator. The main purpose of the developed model is to minimize the hybrid system’s operation cost while optimizing the system’s power flow considering the different component’s operational constraints. The simulations have been performed using ‘‘fmincon” implemented in Matlab. The model have been applied to two test examples; the simulation results are analyzed and compared to the case where the diesel generator is used alone to supply the given load demand. The results show that using the developed control model for the proposed hybrid system, fuel saving can be achieved compared to the case where the diesel is used alone to supply the same load patters. 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa.

BACKGROUND
Antibiotic therapy is commonly used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Although concern for antibiotic resistance exists, data examining the association between antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in HS lesions are limited.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in HS lesions from patients on antibiotic therapy.


METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 239 patients with HS seen at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions from 2010 through 2015.


RESULTS
Patients using topical clindamycin were more likely to grow clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared with patients using no antibiotics (63% vs 17%; P = .03). Patients taking ciprofloxacin were more likely to grow ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant S aureus compared with patients using no antibiotics (100% vs 10%; P = .045). Patients taking trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were more likely to grow trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Proteus species compared with patients using no antibiotics (88% vs 0%; P < .001). No significant antimicrobial resistance was observed with tetracyclines or oral clindamycin.


LIMITATIONS
Data on disease characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities for certain bacteria were limited.


CONCLUSIONS
Antibiotic therapy for HS treatment may be inducing antibiotic resistance. These findings highlight the importance of stewardship in antibiotic therapy for HS and raise questions regarding the balance of antibiotic use versus potential harms associated with antibiotic resistance.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF DAUCUS CAROTA ROOT ON EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS IN RATS Research Article

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by chronic and spontaneously relapsing inflammation. The aim of present investigation was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Daucus carota (AEDC) in acetic acid induced experimental colitis in wistar rats. The animals were received 7 days pretreatment with Daucus carota (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (distilled water, 1 ml) before the induction of colitis. Colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 2 ml (4% v/v) acetic acid solution. Intrarectal instillation of acetic acid resulted significant decreased in food and water intake, body weight of animals. It caused enhanced colon weight, colon width, colon weight to length ratio, spleen weight, ulcer area, ulcer index, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide. Pretreatment with Daucus carota aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) and dose dependently attenuated these decreased food and water intake, body weight. The 7 days pretreatment with Daucus carota aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased stool consistency, macroscopical score, colon weight, colon width, colon weight to length ratio, spleen weight, ulcer area, ulcer index, colonic MPO and nitric oxide. It significantly attenuated histological alterations associated with acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis. The present investigation elucidates anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Daucus carota root in acetic acid induced experimental colitis by inhibition of release of oxido-inflammatory mediators such as MPO and nitric oxide.
Algorithms for coplanar camera calibration

 Abstract. Coplanar camera calibration is the process of determining the extrinsic and intrinsic camera parameters from a given set of image and world points, when the world points lie on a two-dimensional plane. Noncoplanar calibration, on the other hand, involves world points that do not lie on a plane. While optimal solutions for both the camera-calibration procedures can be obtained by solving a set of constrained nonlinear optimization problems, there are significant structural differences between the two formulations. We investigate the computational and algorithmic implications of such underlying differences, and provide a set of efficient algorithms that are specifically tailored for the coplanar case. More specifically, we offer the following: (1) four algorithms for coplanar calibration that use linear or iterative linear methods to solve the underlying nonlinear optimization problem, and produce sub-optimal solutions. These algorithms are motivated by their computational efficiency and are useful for real-time low-cost systems. (2) Two optimal solutions for coplanar calibration, including one novel nonlinear algorithm. A constraint for the optimal estimation of extrinsic parameters is also given. (3) A Lyapunov type convergence analysis for the new nonlinear algorithm. We test the validity and performance of the calibration procedures with both synthetic and real images. The results consistently show significant improvements over less complete camera models.
Unraveling the Atomic Structure of Ultrafine Iron Clusters

Unraveling the atomic structures of ultrafine iron clusters is critical to understanding their size-dependent catalytic effects and electronic properties. Here, we describe the stable close-packed structure of ultrafine Fe clusters for the first time, thanks to the superior properties of graphene, including the monolayer thickness, chemical inertness, mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity. These clusters prefer to take regular planar shapes with morphology changes by local atomic shuffling, as suggested by the early hypothesis of solid-solid transformation. Our observations differ from observations from earlier experimental study and theoretical model, such as icosahedron, decahedron or cuboctahedron. No interaction was observed between Fe atoms or clusters and pristine graphene. However, preferential carving, as observed by other research groups, can be realized only when Fe clusters are embedded in graphene. The techniques introduced here will be of use in investigations of other clusters or even single atoms or molecules.
Automated analysis of atrial late gadolinium enhancement imaging that correlates with endocardial voltage and clinical outcomes: A 2-center study

BACKGROUND
For late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of atrial scar to guide management and targeting of ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF), an objective, reproducible method of identifying atrial scar is required.


OBJECTIVE
To describe an automated method for operator-independent quantification of LGE that correlates with colocated endocardial voltage and clinical outcomes.


METHODS
LGE CMR imaging was performed at 2 centers, before and 3 months after pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal AF (n = 50). A left atrial (LA) surface scar map was constructed by using automated software, expressing intensity as multiples of standard deviation (SD) above blood pool mean. Twenty-one patients underwent endocardial voltage mapping at the time of pulmonary vein isolation (11 were redo procedures). Scar maps and voltage maps were spatially registered to the same magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) segmentation.


RESULTS
The LGE levels of 3, 4, and 5SDs above blood pool mean were associated with progressively lower bipolar voltages compared to the preceding enhancement level (0.85 ± 0.33, 0.50 ± 0.22, and 0.38 ± 0.28 mV; P = .002, P < .001, and P = .048, respectively). The proportion of atrial surface area classified as scar (ie, >3 SD above blood pool mean) on preablation scans was greater in patients with postablation AF recurrence than those without recurrence (6.6% ± 6.7% vs 3.5% ± 3.0%, P = .032). The LA volume >102 mL was associated with a significantly greater proportion of LA scar (6.4% ± 5.9% vs 3.4% ± 2.2%; P = .007).


CONCLUSIONS
LA scar quantified automatically by a simple objective method correlates with colocated endocardial voltage. Greater preablation scar is associated with LA dilatation and AF recurrence.