LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Primary Nutritional Content of Bio-Flocs Cultured with Different Organic Carbon Sources and Salinity

Application of bio-flocs technology (BFT) in aquaculture offers a solution to avoid environmental impact of high nutrient discharges and to reduce the use of artificial feed. In BFT, excess of nutrients in aquaculture systems are converted into microbial biomass, which can be consumed by the cultured animals as a food source. In this experiment, upconcentrated pond water obtained from the drum filter of a freshwater tilapia farm was used for bio-flocs reactors. Two carbon sources, sugar and glycerol, were used as the first variable, and two different levels of salinity, 0 and 30 ppt, were used as the second variable. Bio-flocs with glycerol as a carbon source had higher total n-6 PUFAs (19.1 + 2.1 and 22.3 + 8.6 mg/g DW at 0 and 30 ppt, respectively) than that of glucose (4.0 + 0.1 and 12.6 + 2.5 mg/g DW at 0 and 30 ppt). However, there was no effect of carbon source or salinity on crude protein, lipid, and total n-3 PUFAs contents of the bio-flocs.
Combined DCT and Companding for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Signals

The high peak-to-average (PAPR) is one of the serious problems in the application of OFDM technology. The companding transform approach is a very attractive technique to reduce PAPR, but large PAPR reduction leads to a high bit error rate (BER) by the available companding transform techniques. In this paper, a joint reduction in PAPR of the OFDM signals based on combining the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with companding is proposed. In the first step of the proposed scheme, the data are transformed by a DCT into new modified data. In the second step, the proposed scheme utilizes the companding technique to further reduce the PAPR of the OFDM signal. The performance of the PAPR is evaluated using a computer simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme may obtain about 1 dB PAPR reduction compared with the conventional companding algorithm.
Glutathione S Transferases Polymorphisms Are Independent Prognostic Factors in Lupus Nephritis Treated with Cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate association between genetic polymorphisms of GST, CYP and renal outcome or occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in lupus nephritis (LN) treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC). CYC, as a pro-drug, requires bioactivation through multiple hepatic cytochrome P450s and glutathione S transferases (GST).


METHODS
We carried out a multicentric retrospective study including 70 patients with proliferative LN treated with CYC. Patients were genotyped for polymorphisms of the CYP2B6, CYP2C19, GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. Complete remission (CR) was defined as proteinuria ≤0.33g/day and serum creatinine ≤124 µmol/l. Partial remission (PR) was defined as proteinuria ≤1.5g/day with a 50% decrease of the baseline proteinuria value and serum creatinine no greater than 25% above baseline.


RESULTS
Most patients were women (84%) and 77% were Caucasian. The mean age at LN diagnosis was 41 ± 10 years. The frequency of patients carrying the GST null genotype GSTT1-, GSTM1-, and the Ile→105Val GSTP1 genotype were respectively 38%, 60% and 44%. In multivariate analysis, the Ile→105Val GSTP1 genotype was an independent factor of poor renal outcome (achievement of CR or PR) (OR = 5.01 95% CI [1.02-24.51]) and the sole factor that influenced occurrence of ADRs was the GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 3.34 95% CI [1.064-10.58]). No association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450s gene and efficacy or ADRs was observed.


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that GST polymorphisms highly impact renal outcome and occurrence of ADRs related to CYC in LN patients.
Multicriteria decision model for outsourcing contracts selection based on utility function and ELECTRE method

An outsourcing contract problem has been analyzed. This is a typical problem when dealing with outsourcing vendor selection. For each alternative of an outsourcing contract there is an evaluation of both cost and quality of service. The latter may include probabilistic delivery time and confidence in quality commitment. The decision-maker takes into account multicriteria evaluation through ELECTRE method. Besides, each criterion is evaluated through a utility function. The model integrates both approaches to indicate a contract proposal. This paper presents the formulation for the decision model and a numerical application to illustrate the use of the model. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Building a Dataset for Summarization and Keyword Extraction from Emails

This paper introduces a new email dataset, consisting of both single and thread emails, manually annotated with summaries and keywords. A total of 349 emails and threads have been annotated. The dataset is our first step toward developing automatic methods for summarization and keyword extraction from emails. We describe the email corpus, along with the annotation interface, annotator guidelines, and agreement studies.
Decision Tree Based Predictive Models for Breast Cancer Survivability on Imbalanced Data

Based on imbalanced data, the predictive models for 5year survivability of breast cancer using decision tree are proposed. After data preprocessing from SEER breast cancer datasets, it is obviously that the category of data distribution is imbalanced. Under-sampling is taken to make up the disadvantage of the performance of models caused by the imbalanced data. The performance of the models is evaluated by AUC under ROC curve, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity with 10-fold stratified cross-validation. The performance of models is best while the distribution of data is approximately equal. Bagging algorithm is used to build an integration decision tree model for predicting breast cancer survivability. Keywords-imbalanced data;decision tree;predictive breast cancer survivability;10-fold stratified cross-validation;bagging algorithm
An Outbreak of Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis among Mine-Workers in South Africa

BACKGROUND
The largest outbreak of sporotrichosis occurred between 1938 and 1947 in the gold mines of Witwatersrand in South Africa. Here, we describe an outbreak of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis that was investigated in a South African gold mine in 2011.


METHODOLOGY
Employees working at a reopened section of the mine were recruited for a descriptive cross-sectional study. Informed consent was sought for interview, clinical examination and medical record review. Specimens were collected from participants with active or partially-healed lymphocutaneous lesions. Environmental samples were collected from underground mine levels. Sporothrix isolates were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal gene and the nuclear calmodulin gene.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Of 87 male miners, 81 (93%) were interviewed and examined, of whom 29 (36%) had skin lesions; specimens were collected from 17 (59%). Sporotrichosis was laboratory-confirmed among 10 patients and seven had clinically-compatible lesions. Of 42 miners with known HIV status, 11 (26%) were HIV-infected. No cases of disseminated disease were detected. Participants with ≤ 3 years' mining experience had a four times greater odds of developing sporotrichosis than those who had been employed for >3 years (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-13.1). Isolates from 8 patients were identified as Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto by calmodulin gene sequencing while environmental isolates were identified as Sporothrix mexicana.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
S. schenckii sensu stricto was identified as the causative pathogen. Although genetically distinct species were isolated from clinical and environmental sources, it is likely that the source was contaminated soil and untreated wood underground. No cases occurred following recommendations to close sections of the mine, treat timber and encourage consistent use of personal protective equipment. Sporotrichosis is a potentially re-emerging disease where traditional, rather than heavily mechanised, mining techniques are used. Surveillance should be instituted at sentinel locations.
A systematic mapping study on the open source software development process

Background: There is no globally accepted open source software development process to define how open source software is developed in practice. A process description is important for coordinating all the software development activities involving both people and technology. Aim: The research question that this study sets out to answer is: What activities do open source software process models contain? The activity groups on which it focuses are Concept Exploration, Software Requirements, Design, Maintenance and Evaluation. Method: We conduct a systematic mapping study (SMS). A SMS is a form of systematic literature review that aims to identify and classify available research papers concerning a particular issue. Results: We located a total of 29 primary studies, which we categorized by the open source software project that they examine and by activity types (Concept Exploration, Software Requirements, Design, Maintenance and Evaluation). The activities present in most of the open source software development processes were Execute Tests and Conduct Reviews, which belong to the Evaluation activities group. Maintenance is the only group that has primary studies addressing all the activities that it contains. Conclusions: The primary studies located by the SMS are the starting point for analyzing the open source software development process and proposing a process model for this community. The papers in our paper pool that describe a specific open source software project provide more regarding our research question than the papers that talk about open source software development without referring to a specific open source software project.
Fault Tolerant Sliding Mode Control Design with Piloted Simulator Evaluation

This paper considers sliding mode allocation schemes for fault tolerant control. The schemes allow redistribution of the control signals to the remaining functioning actuators when a fault or failure occurs. The paper analyzes the schemes and determines conditions under which closed–loop stability is retained for a certain class of faults and failures. It is shown that faults and even certain total actuator failures can be handled directly without reconfiguring the controller. The results obtained from implementing the controllers on the SIMONA research flight simulator, configured to represent a B747 aircraft, show good performance in both nominal and failure scenarios even in wind and gust conditions. NOMENCLATURE 6–DOF = 6 degree of freedom EPR = engine pressure ratio cmd = command signal ru, rl = upper and lower rudders sp = spoiler air, ail, aor, aol = inner right, inner left, outer right and outer left ailerons p, q, r = roll, pitch and yaw rate (rad/sec) Vtas = true air speed (m/s) α, β = angle of attack and sideslip angle (rad) φ, θ, ψ = roll, pitch and yaw angle (rad) he, xe, ye = geometric earth position along the z (altitude), x and y axis (m) λ̄(·), λ(·) = largest and smallest eigenvalues ∥ · ∥ = Euclidean norm (vectors) or induced spectral norm (matrices) u(t) = control input ν(t) = virtual control input IR, IR+ = field of real numbers and the set of strictly positive real numbers s = Laplace variable Subscript lat, long = lateral and longitudinal axis
The Role of Social Comparison in the Effect of Magazine Advertisements on Women's Mood and Body Dissatisfaction

This study aimed to investigate the role of social comparison processes in women’s responses to images of thin-idealized female beauty. A sample of 126 women viewed magazine advertisements containing full-body, body part, or product images. Instructional set was also manipulated with three levels: control, appearance focus, and social comparison. Mood and body dissatisfaction were measured immediately before and after advertisement viewing, while state weight anxiety and the amount of appearance comparison engaged in were measured only after the advertisements. It was found that exposure to either body part or full body images led to increased negative mood and body dissatisfaction, while the amount of comparison processing was affected by both image type and instructional set. Importantly, regression analyses showed that the effects of image type on mood and body dissatisfaction were mediated by the amount of social comparison reported. It was concluded that the processing in which women engage in response to media images is an important contributor to negative effects.
MARKET TIMING IN REGRESSIONS AND REALITY

We compare price-to-earnings ratios and dividend yields, which are indirect measures of sentiment, with the bullish sentiment index, which is a direct measure. We find that the sentiment index does better as a market-timing tool than do P/E ratios and dividend yields, but none is very reliable. We do not argue that market timing is impossible. Rather, we observe that stock prices reflect both sentiment and value, both of which are difficult to measure and neither of which is perfectly known in foresight. Successful market timing requires insights into future sentiment and value, insights beyond those that are reflected in widely available
Filter Bubbles , Echo Chambers , and Online News Consumption

Online publishing, social networks, and web search have dramatically lowered the costs to produce, distribute, and discover news articles. Some scholars argue that such technological changes increase exposure to diverse perspectives, while others worry they increase ideological segregation. We address the issue by examining web browsing histories for 50,000 U.S.-located users who regularly read online news. We find that social networks and search engines increase the mean ideological distance between individuals. However, somewhat counterintuitively, we also find these same channels increase an individual’s exposure to material from his or her less preferred side of the political spectrum. Finally, we show that the vast majority of online news consumption is accounted for by individuals simply visiting the home pages of their favorite, typically mainstream, news outlets, tempering the consequences—both positive and negative—of recent technological changes. We thus uncover evidence for both sides of the debate, while also finding that the magnitude of the e↵ects are relatively modest. WORD COUNT: 5,762 words
Deep Learning Interpretation

Deep learning has been successfully exploited in addressing different multimedia problems in recent years. The academic researchers are now transferring their attention from identifying what problem deep learning CAN address to exploring what problem deep learning CAN NOT address. This tutorial starts with a summarization of six 'CAN NOT' problems deep learning fails to solve at the current stage, i.e., low stability, debugging difficulty, poor parameter transparency, poor incrementality, poor reasoning ability, and machine bias. These problems share a common origin from the lack of deep learning interpretation. This tutorial attempts to correspond the six 'NOT' problems to three levels of deep learning interpretation: (1) Locating - accurately and efficiently locating which feature contributes much to the output. (2) Understanding - bidirectional semantic accessing between human knowledge and deep learning algorithm. (3) Expandability - well storing, accumulating and reusing the models learned from deep learning. Existing studies falling into these three levels will be reviewed in detail, and a discussion on the future interesting directions will be provided in the end.
Developing priority criteria for general surgery: results from the Western Canada Waiting List Project.

OBJECTIVE
The Western Canada Waiting List Project (WCWL) is a federally funded partnership of 19 organizations, including medical associations, health authorities, ministries of health and research organizations that was created to develop tools for improving the management of waiting lists. The WCWL general surgery panel was 1 of 5 panels constituted under this project.


METHOD
The panel developed and tested a set of standardized clinical criteria for setting priorities among patients awaiting elective general surgery of all kinds. The criteria were applied to 561 patients in 3 western provinces. Regression analysis was used to determine the set of criteria weights that collectively best predicted clinicians' overall urgency ratings.


RESULTS
The priority criteria accounted for almost two-thirds of the observed variance in clinicians' urgency ratings (adjusted R2 = 64.1%) for a mixed group of patients. The panel modified the criteria and weights based on empiric findings and clinical judgment. Interrater and test-retest reliability of criteria items appeared to be good, based on clinicians' ratings of 6 videotaped, standardized patient interviews.


CONCLUSIONS
The panel considered the criteria easy to use and reasonably reflective of expert surgical judgement regarding clinical urgency. Further development and testing of the tool appears warranted.
DPPTAM: Dense piecewise planar tracking and mapping from a monocular sequence

This paper proposes a direct monocular SLAM algorithm that estimates a dense reconstruction of a scene in real-time on a CPU. Highly textured image areas are mapped using standard direct mapping techniques [1], that minimize the photometric error across different views. We make the assumption that homogeneous-color regions belong to approximately planar areas. Our contribution is a new algorithm for the estimation of such planar areas, based on the information of a superpixel segmentation and the semidense map from highly textured areas. We compare our approach against several alternatives using the public TUM dataset [2] and additional live experiments with a hand-held camera. We demonstrate that our proposal for piecewise planar monocular SLAM is faster, more accurate and more robust than the piecewise planar baseline [3]. In addition, our experimental results show how the depth regularization of monocular maps can damage its accuracy, being the piecewise planar assumption a reasonable option in indoor scenarios.
Monitor-Based Instant Software Refactoring

Software refactoring is an effective method for improvement of software quality while software external behavior remains unchanged. To facilitate software refactoring, a number of tools have been proposed for code smell detection and/or for automatic or semi-automatic refactoring. However, these tools are passive and human driven, thus making software refactoring dependent on developers' spontaneity. As a result, software engineers with little experience in software refactoring might miss a number of potential refactorings or may conduct refactorings later than expected. Few refactorings might result in poor software quality, and delayed refactorings may incur higher refactoring cost. To this end, we propose a monitor-based instant refactoring framework to drive inexperienced software engineers to conduct more refactorings promptly. Changes in the source code are instantly analyzed by a monitor running in the background. If these changes have the potential to introduce code smells, i.e., signs of potential problems in the code that might require refactorings, the monitor invokes corresponding smell detection tools and warns developers to resolve detected smells promptly. Feedback from developers, i.e., whether detected smells have been acknowledged and resolved, is consequently used to optimize smell detection algorithms. The proposed framework has been implemented, evaluated, and compared with the traditional human-driven refactoring tools. Evaluation results suggest that the proposed framework could drive inexperienced engineers to resolve more code smells (by an increase of 140 percent) promptly. The average lifespan of resolved smells was reduced by 92 percent. Results also suggest that the proposed framework could help developers to avoid similar code smells through timely warnings at the early stages of software development, thus reducing the total number of code smells by 51 percent.
Feature extraction approach to blind source separation

Local independent component analysis is formulated as a task involving the extraction of local geometric structure in the joint distribution. Because the geometrical structure of statistical independence is not well captured by statistical descriptions such as moments and cumulants, we use feature detection tools from image analysis to locate the local independent component coordinate system. The resulting approach to source separation can be implemented in real time using conventional image analysis hardware. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by blind source separation of multi{modal sources, and the pseudo{separation of three sources from two mixtures.
Seabird diet indicates changing Arctic marine communities in eastern Canada

Changing climatic conditions are affecting ecosystems worldwide, but polar ecosystems are experiencing the most rapid changes as the extent of summer sea ice has diminished over the last several decades. In the Canadian Arctic, thick-billed murres Uria lomvia can be used as samplers of the marine environment, and we examined changes in the diet of the birds between recent and historical studies from the 1970s and 1980s. In the low Arctic, the amount of Arctic cod, an ice-dependent species, declined in the murre diet; and capelin, a subarctic species, has now become the primary prey item. In the mid-Arctic, where summer sea ice is still present during the summer, Arctic cod persists as an important prey item, but capelin is now regularly observed, marking an apparent northward expansion of this species over the last 30 yr. In the high Arctic, summer sea ice continues to dominate the seascape in most years, and Arctic cod continues to dominate the diets of the murres. Changes in Arctic cod in the bird diet were found to be more related to sea ice conditions averaged over multiple years rather than single-year indices, indicating that long-term changes in sea ice do impact this prey species. The diversity of the prey sampled by the birds has decreased, signaling a potential change in the number of prey species available. Overall, the birds illustrate changes occurring in the marine environment in areas where little other information is available.