LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy is associated with hypercoagulable thrombelastography values and increased risk of thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND
Previous investigators have demonstrated that postinjury thrombocytosis is associated with an increase in thromboembolic (TE) risk. Increased rates of thrombocytosis have been found specifically in patients after splenectomy for trauma. We hypothesized that patients undergoing splenectomy (1) would demonstrate a more hypercoagulable profile during their hospital stay and (2) that this hypercoagulable state would be associated with increased TE events.


METHODS
This was a 14-month, prospective, observational trial evaluating serial rapid thrombelastography (rTEG) at 3 American College of Surgeons-verified, level 1 trauma centers. Inclusion criteria were highest-level trauma activation and arrival within 6 hours of injury. Exclusion criteria were <18 years of age, incarcerated, and burns>20% total body surface area. Serial rTEG (activated clotting time, k-time, α-angle, MA, lysis) and traditional coagulation testing (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and platelet count) were obtained at admission and then at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Thromboembolic complications were defined as the development of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke during hospitalization. Patients were stratified into splenectomy versus nonsplenectomy cohorts. Univariate analysis was then conducted followed by longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations to evaluate the effects of time, splenectomy, and group-time interactions on changes in rTEG and traditional coagulation testing. We used an adjusted generalized estimating equation model to control for age, sex, ISS, admission blood pressure, base deficit, and hemoglobin.


RESULTS
A total of 1,242 patients were enrolled; 795 had serial rTEG data. Of these, 605 had serial values >24 hours and made up the study population. Splenectomy patients were younger, more hypotensive, and in shock on arrival. Although there was no difference in 24-hour or 30-day mortality, splenectomy patients were more likely to develop TE events. Using the GEE model, we found that α-angle and MA in splenectomy patients were lesser (more hypocoagulable) within the first 6 hours; however, they became substantially greater (more hypercoagulable) at 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours; all P < .05. In addition, platelet counts were greater in the splenectomy group beginning at 72 hours and continuing through 120 hours; P < .05.


CONCLUSION
This multicenter, prospective study demonstrates that patients undergoing splenectomy have a more hypercoagulable state than other trauma patients. This hypercoagulable state (identified by greater α-angle and mA values) begins at approximately 48 hours after injury and continues through at least day 5. Moreover, this hypercoagulable state is associated with increased risk of TE complications.
Dispersion of Fukushima radionuclides in the global atmosphere and the ocean.

Large quantities of radionuclides were released in March-April 2011 during the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant to the atmosphere and the ocean. Atmospheric and marine modeling has been carried out to predict the dispersion of radionuclides worldwide, to compare the predicted and measured radionuclide concentrations, and to assess the impact of the accident on the environment. Atmospheric Lagrangian dispersion modeling was used to simulate the dispersion of (137)Cs over America and Europe. Global ocean circulation model was applied to predict the dispersion of (137)Cs in the Pacific Ocean. The measured and simulated (137)Cs concentrations in atmospheric aerosols and in seawater are compared with global fallout and the Chernobyl accident, which represent the main sources of the pre-Fukushima radionuclide background in the environment. The radionuclide concentrations in the atmosphere have been negligible when compared with the Chernobyl levels. The maximum (137)Cs concentration in surface waters of the open Pacific Ocean will be around 20 Bq/m(3). The plume will reach the US coast 4-5 y after the accident, however, the levels will be below 3 Bq/m(3). All the North Pacific Ocean will be labeled with Fukushima (137)Cs 10 y after the accident with concentration bellow 1 Bq/m(3).
Shorter androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths associated with cryptorchidism risk among Hispanic white boys.

CONTEXT
Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital malformation among males, the major established risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors, and a presumed infertility risk factor. Androgens are essential for testicular descent, and functional genetic polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene (AR) are postulated to influence cryptorchidism risk.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the CAG repeat length polymorphism in exon 1 of the AR is associated with cryptorchidism risk.


DESIGN AND SETTING
We conducted a family-based genotype-risk association study employing the transmission disequilibrium test for genotypic variants transmitted on the X-chromosome at a university-affiliated regional children's hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
We studied 127 Hispanic boys with persistent cryptorchidism and comorbidities described in detail and their biological mothers.


INTERVENTION
Genotypes defined by number of CAG repeats were measured for each member of participating son-mother pairs.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Associations between CAG tract length genotype and cryptorchidism risk were estimated using matched-pairs logistic regression.


RESULTS
Cryptorchidism risk was significantly associated with shorter CAG repeats [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, odds ratio (OR)=0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23-0.88]. This association was restricted to cryptorchidism with accompanying comorbidities, which was primarily hernia [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, OR=0.35 (95% CI, 0.16-0.78)], and was strongest for bilateral cryptorchidism [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, OR=0.09 (95% CI, 0.010-0.78)].


CONCLUSIONS
Androgen receptor genotypes encoding moderate functional variation may influence cryptorchidism risk, particularly among boys with bilateral nondescent or congenital hernia, and may explain in part the elevated risk of testicular seminoma experienced by ex-cryptorchid boys. Mechanistic research is warranted to examine both classical and nonclassical mechanisms through which androgens may influence risk of cryptorchidism and related conditions.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease.

PURPOSE
To compare the expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin (IL)-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctival epithelium of normal eyes and those with dry-eye disease.


METHODS
The concentrations of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta (precursor and mature forms), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were measured by ELISA in tear fluid samples obtained from normal individuals and patients with dry eye who had rosacea-associated meibomian gland disease (MGD) or Sjögren's syndrome (SS) aqueous tear deficiency (ATD). These cytokines were also measured in normal tear fluid before and after nasal stimulation to induce reflex tearing. The relative expression of these cytokines was evaluated in conjunctival impression cytology specimens and conjunctival biopsy tissue obtained from normal subjects and SS ATD-affected patients using immunofluorescent staining. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 concentration and activity in the tear fluid were evaluated with gelatin zymography and with an MMP-9 activity assay kit, respectively.


RESULTS
Compared with normal subjects, the concentration of IL-1 alpha and mature IL-1 beta in the tear fluid was increased, and the concentration of precursor IL-1 beta was decreased in patients with MGD (P < 0.05, P = 0.02, and P < 0.01, respectively) and SS ATD (P < 0.001, P = 0.02, and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant change in the concentration of IL-1 alpha, precursor IL-1 beta, and IL-1Ra in reflex tear fluid, indicating that the lacrimal glands may secrete these cytokines. The activity of MMP-9, a physiological activator of IL-1 beta, was significantly elevated in the tear fluid of both dry-eye groups compared with normal subjects. A strong positive correlation was observed between the intensity of corneal fluorescein staining and the tear fluid IL-1 alpha concentration (r(2) = 0.17, P < 0.02) and the mature-to-precursor IL-1 beta ratio (r(2) = 0.46, P < 0.001). Positive immunofluorescent staining for IL-1 alpha, mature IL-1 beta, and IL-1Ra was observed in a significantly greater percentage of conjunctival cytology specimens from eyes with SS ATD than in those from normal eyes (P < 0.01 for IL-1 alpha, P < 0.009 for mature IL-1 beta, and P < 0.05 for IL-1Ra).


CONCLUSIONS
Dry-eye disease is accompanied by an increase in the proinflammatory forms of IL-1 (IL-1 alpha and mature IL-1 beta) and a decrease in the biologically inactive precursor IL-1 beta in tear fluid. Increased protease activity on the ocular surface may be one mechanism by which precursor IL-1 beta is cleaved to the mature, biologically active form. The conjunctival epithelium appears to be one source of the increased concentration of IL-1 in the tear fluid of patients with dry-eye disease. These results suggest that IL-1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Interpolation of n pairs and counterexamples employing indices

The purpose of this paper is to make two modest contributions to the theory of interpolation of operators on function spaces. The first deals with the modification of interpolation theorems to handle interpolation of n pairs. This work was partially begun in [S, 91 where strong type interpolation theorems were obtained using techniques easily altered to fit the n pair situation. Section 2 presents a weak type theory of interpolation of tz pairs of spaces using the Calderdn operator S’, . In order to show that S, is a “maximal” weak type operator, the proof in [6] for n = 2 is simplified and extended. Section 3 deals with counterexamples to interpolation theorems which make use of indices derived from the fundamental functions of the spaces in the interpolation scheme. We show that interpolation theorems of Semenov [5] and Zippin [II] are incorrect by using a space furnished by Shimogaki [lo]. Under a suitable hypothesis a weak type theorem involving the fundamental indices does hold, but follows from a well-known result of Boyd [I] without employing the main ideas set forth in [5] and [3].
Everyday executive function impairments predict comorbid psychopathology in autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.

OBJECTIVE
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both have psychiatric comorbidities and distinctive profiles of executive dysfunction. Although there is evidence that executive function (EF) plays a role in the expression of specific behaviors and psychiatric symptoms, it is not known whether specific EF deficits in ASD and ADHD may be pathways to comorbidities in the disorders. This study examines whether parent reported problems with flexibility in ASD and inhibition in ADHD mediate the disorders' associations with anxiety/depression and oppositional/aggressive behavior, respectively.


METHOD
Parent report data from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were obtained for 125 children (70 ASD, 55 ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined type) as part of a neuropsychological assessment. Diagnostic status, BRIEF Shift (shifting/flexibility) and Inhibit (behavioral inhibition) scale scores, and CBCL Anxious/Depressed (anxiety/depression) and Aggressive Behavior (oppositionality/aggression) scale scores were analyzed with a path analysis to investigate the relation of flexibility and inhibition to comorbid symptoms in children with ASD and ADHD.


RESULTS
In a path model with good fit ASD predicted greater inflexibility which predicted greater anxiety/depression, while ADHD predicted greater disinhibition that predicted greater aggression, consistent with our mediational hypotheses. Unexpectedly, the greater inflexibility associated with ASD also predicted greater aggression.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings support the importance of everyday EF problems in ASD and ADHD as predictors of comorbid psychopathology and as crucial intervention targets for potential prevention and mitigation of comorbid symptoms.
A Summary of the Entropies of Aqueous Ions

A critical survey has been made of existing data on the heats, free energies and entropies of reactions involving aqueous ions. These data lead to remarkably consistent values for the ionic entropies. The entropies of 20 positive ions and 12 negative ions have been tabulated.
Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an Internet-based clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural therapy programme for social phobia.


METHOD
A total of 105 individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a six-lesson cognitive behavioural treatment programme or to a waitlist control group. Treatment consisted of four components: six online lessons; homework assignments; participation in an online discussion forum; and regular email contact with a therapist. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses.


RESULTS
A total of 78% of treatment group participants completed all lessons, and post-treatment data were obtained from 93/105 participants. Significant post-treatment differences between treatment and waitlist participants were found on two measures of symptoms of social phobia. Mean within- and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the primary social phobia outcome measures were 1.15, and 0.95, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
These results were comparable with those obtained in exemplary face-to-face treatment programmes. They provide further positive data about the utility of Internet-based guided self-help programmes for people with common mental disorders.
Congenital Hairy Polyp of Posterior Tonsillar Pillar

Congenital hairy polyps are exceedingly rare congenital anomalies. We report a case of congenital hairy polyp arising from posterior tonsillar pillar which was excised with bipolar cautry.
ProB: A Model Checker for B

Summary • Animator and model checker for B Methode • Model & constrained based checker • ProB findes correct values for operation arguments • ProB enables user to uncover errors in specifications
Ontology-Based Natural Language Query Interfaces for Data Exploration

Enterprises are creating domain-specific knowledge bases by curating and integrating all their business data, structured, unstructured and semi-structured, and using them in enterprise applications to derive better business decisions. One distinct characteristic of these enterprise knowledge bases, compared to the open-domain general purpose knowledge bases like DBpedia [16] and Freebase [6], is their deep domain specialization. This deep domain understanding empowers many applications in various domains, such as health care and finance. Exploring such knowledge bases, and operational data stores requires different querying capabilities. In addition to search, these databases also require very precise structured queries, including aggregations, as well as complex graph queries to understand the various relationships between various entities of the domain. For example, in a financial knowledge base, users may want to find out “which startups raised the most VC funding in the first quarter of 2017”; a very precise query that is best expressed in SQL. The users may also want to find all possible relationships between two specific board members of these startups, a query which is naturally expressed as an all-paths graph query. It is important to note that general purpose knowledge bases could also benefit from different query capabilities, but in this paper we focus on domain-specific knowledge graphs and their query needs. Instead of learning and using many complex query languages, one natural way to query the data in these cases is using natural language interfaces to explore the data. In fact, human interaction with technology through conversational services is making big strides in many application domains in recent years [13]. Such interfaces are very desirable because they do not require the users to learn a complex query language, such as SQL, and the users do not need to know the exact schema of the data, or how it is stored. There are several challenges in building a natural language interface to query data sets. The most difficult task is understanding the semantics of the query, hence the user intent. Early systems [3, 30] allowed only a set of keywords, which had very limited expressive power. There have been works to interpret the semantics of a full-blown English language query. These works in general try to disambiguate among the potentially multiple meanings of the words and their relationships. Some of these are machine-learning based [5, 24, 29] that require good training sets, which are hard to obtain. Others require user feedback [14, 17, 18]. However, excessive user interaction to resolve ambiguities can be detrimental to user experience. In this paper, we describe a unique end-to-end ontology-based system for natural language querying over complex data sets. The system uses domain ontologies, which describe the semantic entities and their relationships, to reason about and capture user intent. To support multiple query types, the system provides a poly store
How to interpret the helpfulness of online product reviews: bridging the needs between customers and designers

Helpful reviews are the valuable voice of the customer which benefit both consumers and product designers. On e-commerce websites, consumers are usually encouraged to rate whether a review is helpful or not. As consumers are not obligated to vote reviews, usually only a small proportion of product reviews eventually receive a voting. Also, existing evaluation methods that only use the review voting ratio from customers as the helpfulness are often not consistent with the designers' rating on reviews in interpreting customer needs and preferences. Thus, in this paper, the focus is on how to automatically build the connection between online customer's voting and designer's rating and predict the customer reviews' helpfulness based on the review content. We start the study by building a mapping to express product designers' rating using online helpfulness voting. Further, we propose to utilize regression algorithm to predict the online review's helpfulness with the help of several categories of features extracted from review content. Our experimental study, using a large amount of review data crawled from Amazon and real ratings from product designers confirms the effectiveness of our proposal and shows some very promising results.
Total quality management

The use of total quality management (TQM), which creates a system of management procedures that focuses on customer satisfaction and transforms the corporate culture so as to guarantee continual improvement, is discussed. The team approach essential to its implementation is described. Two case studies of applying TQM at AT&T are presented.<<ETX>>
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk for mortality and heart failure progression in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a retrospective analysis of the SOLVD trials. Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE
This study undertook to determine if the presence of atrial fibrillation in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction was associated with increased mortality and, if so, whether the increase could be attributed to progressive heart failure or arrhythmic death.


BACKGROUND
Atrial fibrillation is a common condition in heart failure with the potential to impact hemodynamics and progression of left ventricular systolic dysfunction as well as the electrophysiologic substrate for arrhythmias. The available data do not conclusively define the effect of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in heart failure.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Prevention and Treatment Trials was conducted that compared patients with atrial fibrillation to those in sinus rhythm at baseline for the risk of all-cause mortality, progressive pump-failure death and arrhythmic death.


RESULTS
The patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline, compared to those in sinus rhythm, had greater all-cause mortality (34% vs. 23%, p < 0.001), death attributed to pump-failure (16.7% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001) and were more likely to reach the composite end point of death or hospitalization for heart failure (45% vs. 33%, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the groups in arrhythmic deaths. After multivariate analysis, atrial fibrillation remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.62, p=0.002), progressive pump-failure death (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.85, p=0.01), the composite end point of death or hospitalization for heart failure (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.42, p=0.02), but not arrhythmic death (RR 1.13; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.71; p=0.55).


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of atrial fibrillation in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality, largely explained by an increased risk for pump-failure death. These data suggest that atrial fibrillation is associated with progression of left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Outcomes in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes randomized to enoxaparin vs. unfractionated heparin: results from the SYNERGY trial.

AIMS
Elderly patients are at high risk from non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS) as well as from treatment-related complications. Age-associated changes in physiology may alter the risk and benefit expected from therapy. The SYNERGY database was used to study the influence of age on treatment outcomes with enoxaparin vs. unfractionated heparin (UFH) in patients with high-risk NSTE ACS.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Age was analysed as a continuous and categorical variable (<65, 65-74, and >or=75 years, and <75 and >or=75 years) for descriptive purposes. Logistic regression was used to adjust the outcomes of 30-day death, death or myocardial infarction (MI), and major bleeding for baseline characteristics. Odds ratios compared outcomes by age and by treatment within age groups. Model interaction terms were used to test for statistically different outcomes by treatment and age. Overall, 9977 randomized patients had age information, of whom 25.5% (2540) were >or=75 years of age. Elderly patients (>or=75 years) had more cardiovascular risk factors, prior cardiac disease, and higher acuity at presentation. After adjustment, advanced age (per 10 years) was associated with 30-day death or MI [risk odds ratios (ROR): 1.14, P = 0.002], 30-day death (ROR: 1.54, P < 0.0001), and 1-year death (ROR: 1.47, P < 0.0001), as well with TIMI major bleeding (ROR: 1.21, P = 0.001), GUSTO severe bleeding (ROR: 1.20, P = 0.047), and transfusion (ROR: 1.04, P = 0.324). Although there was a higher rate of GUSTO severe bleeding noted with enoxaparin in elderly patients, the overall relationships between treatment (UFH or enoxaparin) and outcomes did not vary significantly as a function of the patient's age.


CONCLUSION
Although higher rates of adverse events are seen in the oldest subgroup (age >or=75 years) treated with enoxaparin, statistical comparisons confirm similar efficacy and safety of enoxaparin and UFH across age subgroups as was demonstrated overall in SYNERGY.