LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton changes in a shallow Mediterranean lake (Albufera of Valencia, Spain) after sewage diversion

Phytoplankton from Lake Albufera, a shallow, polimictic, freshwater lake, was studied before and after sewage diversion. The lake is used as a reservoir for rice cultivation in the surrounding lake area. Due to antropogenic eutrophication in the 1960s, the lake turned from a mesotrophic to a hypertrophic, turbid state. In 1991, a restoration plan of the lake started which has reduced 30% of sewage effluents. Total phosphorus in the lake was reduced about 31%, from 0.49 to 0.34 mg l−1, but nitrate did not vary. Chlorophyll-a mean annual values diminished to half, although hypertrophic levels remained (mean value from 318 μg l−1 to 180 μg l−1). The algal community structure indicates a response to P reduction in the direction of increasing equal contribution of algal groups. Cyanobacteria are still the dominant group, but reduced their biomass by about 15%, due to filamentous cyanobacteria depletion (from 78% to 48% of total phytoplankton biovolume), in favour of chroococcal cyanobacteria (changed from 7 to 23% in the 1990s). Other algal groups, especially diatoms and chlorophytes, also increased their contribution in the phytoplankton after nutrient diversion, while euglenophytes, indicative of organic matter pollution in the lake, decreased. There were pronounced changes in phytoplankton composition and a general trend toward presence of smaller algal species. The dominant species in biovolume during the 1980s, Planktothrix agardhii, almost disappeared in the lake in the 1990s, and was replaced seasonally by the slender Pseudanabaena galeata. Disappearance of Planktothrix agardhii, allowed large Cladocera to control algae early in the year (dominant small diatoms and chlorophytes), during several clear water phases occurring in recent years that lasted up to five weeks. Even though some improvement of the lake water quality was observed, complementary restoration measures are suggested, such as a reduction of phosphorus below 0.05 mg l−1, control of pesticides in the catchment area, and management of benthivorous-planktivorous fish species, in order to re-establish phytoplankton composition and submerged plants as at the beginning of the 20th century.
Multi-Dialect Speech Recognition with a Single Sequence-to-Sequence Model

Sequence-to-sequence models provide a simple and elegant solution for building speech recognition systems by folding separate components of a typical system, namely acoustic (AM), pronunciation (PM) and language (LM) models into a single neural network. In this work, we look at one such sequence-to-sequence model, namely listen, attend and spell (LAS) [1], and explore the possibility of training a single model to serve different English dialects, which simplifies the process of training multi-dialect systems without the need for separate AM, PM and LMs for each dialect. We show that simply pooling the data from all dialects into one LAS model falls behind the performance of a model fine-tuned on each dialect. We then look at incorporating dialect-specific information into the model, both by modifying the training targets by inserting the dialect symbol at the end of the original grapheme sequence and also feeding a 1-hot representation of the dialect information into all layers of the model. Experimental results on seven English dialects show that our proposed system is effective in modeling dialect variations within a single LAS model, outperforming a LAS model trained individually on each of the seven dialects by 3.1~16.5% relative.
Comparison of MRI features and surgical outcome among the subtypes of focal cortical dysplasia

PURPOSE
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common pathological diagnosis in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for intractable neocortical epilepsy. However, presurgical identification of MRI abnormalities in FCD patients remains difficult, and there are no highly sensitive imaging parameters available that can reliably differentiate among FCD subtypes. The purpose of our study was to investigate the surgical outcome in FCD patients with identifiable MRI abnormalities and to evaluate the prognostic role of the various MRI features and the characteristics of FCD pathology.


METHODS
We retrospectively recruited epilepsy patients who had undergone surgical treatment for refractory epilepsy with focal MRI abnormalities and the pathological diagnosis of FCD. We evaluated the surgical outcome according to the pathological subtypes, and studied the prognostic roles of various MRI features. We used recently proposed three-tiered FCD classification system which included FCD type III when FCD occurs in association with other potentially epileptogenic pathologies.


RESULTS
A total of 69 patients were included, and 68.1% of patients became seizure free. Patients with FCD type III had a lower chance for achieving seizure freedom (7/15) than in patients with isolated FCD (FCD types I and II) (40/54, p=0.044). Cortical thickness and blurring of gray-white matter junction were more common in isolated FCD than in FCD type III, but most MRI features failed to differentiate between FCD types I and II, and only the transmantle sign was specific for FCD type II. We failed to find a prognostic value of specific MRI abnormalities of prognostic value in terms of post-epilepsy surgery outcome in FCD patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that patients with FCD III have poor surgical outcome. Typical MRI features of isolated FCD such as cortical thickness and blurring of gray-white matter junction were less common in FCD type III and only transmantle sign was helpful in differentiating between FCD types I and II.
Visualization of Penile Suspensory Ligamentous System Based on Visible Human Data Sets

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to use a three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology to illustrate and describe the anatomical features of the penile suspensory ligamentous system based on the Visible Human data sets and to explore the suspensory mechanism of the penis for the further improvement of the penis-lengthening surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional images retrieved from the first Chinese Visible Human (CVH-1), third Chinese Visible Human (CVH-3), and Visible Human Male (VHM) data sets were used to segment the suspensory ligamentous system and its adjacent structures. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of this system were studied and compared with those from the Visible Human data sets. The 3D models reconstructed from the Visible Human data sets were used to provide morphological features of the penile suspensory ligamentous system and its related structures. RESULTS The fundiform ligament was a superficial, loose, fibro-fatty tissue which originated from Scarpa's fascia superiorly and continued to the scrotal septum inferiorly. The suspensory ligament and arcuate pubic ligament were dense fibrous connective tissues which started from the pubic symphysis and terminated by attaching to the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa. Furthermore, the arcuate pubic ligament attached to the inferior rami of the pubis laterally. CONCLUSIONS The 3D model based on Visible Human data sets can be used to clarify the anatomical features of the suspensory ligamentous system, thereby contributing to the improvement of penis-lengthening surgery.
Movies recommendation system using collaborative filtering and k-means

The purpose of this research is to develop a movie recommender system using collaborative filtering technique and Kmeans. Collaborative filtering is the most successful algorithm in the recommender system’s field. A recommender system is an intelligent system that can help a user to come across interesting items. This paper considers the users m (m is the number of users), points in n dimensional space (n is the number of items) and we present an approach based on user clustering to produce a recommendation for the active user by a new approach. We used k-means clustering algorithm to categorize users based on their interests. We evaluate the traditional collaborative filtering and our approach to compare them. Our results show the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the traditional existing one, besides it is less time consuming than the previous existing methods.
An Abstract Machine to Implement OR-AND Parallel Prolog Efficiently

Abstract PEPSys (Parallel ECRC PROLOG System) is a research project started in 1984 in the Computer Architecture Group of the European Computer-Industry Research Centre (ECRC). Its general goals are to study and evaluate new and practicable solutions to the problems of parallel logic programming. The PEPSys Abstract Machine described in this paper was designed to allow an efficient implementation of the PEPSys computational model. Based on the WAM, it incorporates a number of novel features to support the management of the logical variable and the control of the search space of the PEPSys computational model. Both a parallel implementation on a multiprocessor and a simulation system of scalable multiprocessor architectures implement the PEPSys Abstract Machine and yield effective speedups in parallel computations.
CONSTRUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A TAPERED AMPLIFIER SYSTEM FOR APPLICATIONS IN ULTRACOLD PLASMA RESEARCH

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND LANGUAGE-LEARNING ORIENTATIONS OF IMMERSION STUDENTS

Willlngness to communicate (WTC) has been defined as the intention to init iate communication, g ven a cho ce. lt was hypotheslzed that orientations toward language earning as wel as socal support wou d inf uence students' WTC in a second language. Grade I students of L2 French irnrners on, iving in a relativeiy unil ingual Anglophone community, part cipated in the study. WTC was rneasured in each of four skil l areas: speak ng, writ ing, reading, and comprehension. Five orientat ons or reasons for studying an L2 were examined: travel, job re ated, friendship with Francophones, personal knowledge, and schoo achievement. Results showed that endorsement of all f ive orientations for language learning was positively corre aied with WTC both inside and outs de the classroom. Results also showed that social support, particular y from friends, was assoc ated with
The Evolution of Labour Law: Calibrating and Comparing Regulatory Regimes

We present evidence on the evolution of labour law in five countries (the UK, USA, Germany, France and India) using a newly-created dataset which measures legal change over time. The results cast light on the claim that legal origin, or the influence of common law and civil law regulatory styles, affects the content of labour law regimes. We find some divergence between common law and civil law countries at the aggregate level but a more complex picture when the index is decomposed so as to identify changes in specific areas of labour law. We discuss the potential significance of this relatively new approach to the measurement of law for understanding the forces at work in the evolution of labour law.
Validation in interpretive management accounting research

This paper extends and contributes to emerging debates on the validation of interpretive research (IR) in management accounting. We argue that IR has the potential to produce not only subjectivist, emic understandings of actors’ meanings, but also explanations, characterised by a certain degree of ‘‘thickness”. Mobilising the key tenets of the modern philosophical theory of explanation and the notion of abduction, grounded in pragmatist epistemology, we explicate how explanations may be developed and validated, yet remaining true to the core premises of IR. We focus on the intricate relationship between two arguably central aspects of validation in IR, namely authenticity and plausibility. Working on the assumption that validation is an important, but potentially problematic concern in all serious scholarly research, we explore whether and how validation efforts are manifest in IR using two case studies as illustrative examples. Validation is seen as an issue of convincing readers of the authenticity of research findings whilst simultaneously ensuring that explanations are deemed plausible. Whilst the former is largely a matter of preserving the emic qualities of research accounts, the latter is intimately linked to the process of abductive reasoning, whereby different theories are applied to advance thick explanations. This underscores the view of validation as a process, not easily separated from the ongoing efforts of researchers to develop explanations as research projects unfold and far from reducible to mere technicalities of following pre-specified criteria presumably minimising various biases. These properties detract from a view of validation as conforming to prespecified, stable, and uniform criteria and allow IR to move beyond the ‘‘crisis of validity” arguably prevailing in the social sciences. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Construction of Surfaces with Parallelism Conditions

In this paper we define the notion of pseudo-parallel parameterized surfaces, extending that of offset surfaces. Then we consider the problem of fitting a set of scattered points with a surface pseudo-parallel to a given reference surface. We propose a method of solution based on a modified version of the classical smoothing Dm-splines over a bounded domain. The convergence of the method is established and some numerical examples are given.
Bridge or continue Coumadin for device surgery: a randomized controlled trial rationale and design.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Many patients requiring cardiac arrhythmia device surgery are on chronic oral anticoagulation therapy. The periprocedural management of their anticoagulation presents a dilemma to physicians, particularly in the subset of patients with moderate-to-high risk of arterial thromboembolic events. Physicians have responded by treating patients with bridging anticoagulation while oral anticoagulation is temporarily discontinued. However, there are a number of downsides to bridging anticoagulation around device surgery; there is a substantial risk of significant device pocket hematoma with important clinical sequelae; bridging anticoagulation may lead to more arterial thromboembolic events and bridging anticoagulation is expensive.


RECENT FINDINGS
In response to these issues, a number of centers have explored the option of performing device surgery without cessation of oral anticoagulation. The observational data suggest a greatly reduced hematoma rate with this strategy. Despite these encouraging results, most physicians are reluctant to move to operating on continued Coumadin in the absence of confirmatory data from a randomized trial.


SUMMARY
We have designed a prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial to address this clinical question. In the conventional arm, patients will be bridged. In the experimental arm, patients will continue on oral anticoagulation and the primary outcome is clinically significant hematoma. Our study has clinical relevance to at least 70 000 patients per year in North America.
Screening for Psychological Distress in Adult Primary Brain Tumor Patients and Caregivers: Considerations for Cancer Care Coordination

INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess psychological distress (PD) as scored by the Distress Thermometer (DT) in adult primary brain tumor patients and caregivers (CGs) in a clinic setting and ascertain if any high-risk subgroups for PD exist.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
From May 2012 to August 2013, n = 96 patients and n = 32 CG underwent DT screening at diagnosis, and a differing cohort of n = 12 patients and n = 14 CGs at first recurrence. Groups were described by diagnosis (high grade, low grade, and benign) and English versus non English speaking. Those with DT score ≥4 met caseness criteria for referral to psycho-oncology services. One-way ANOVA tests were conducted to test for between-group differences where appropriate.


RESULTS
At diagnosis and first recurrence, 37.5 and 75.0% (respectively) of patients had DT scores above the cutoff for distress. At diagnosis, 78.1% of CGs met caseness criteria for distress. All CGs at recurrence met distress criterion. Patients with high-grade glioma had significantly higher scores than those with a benign tumor. For patients at diagnosis, non English speaking participants did not report significantly higher DT scores than English speaking participants.


DISCUSSION
Psychological distress is particularly elevated in CGs and in patients with high-grade glioma at diagnosis. Effective PD screening, triage, and referral by skilled care coordinators are vital to enable timely needs assessment, psychological support, and effective intervention.
Colorectal cancer screening behavior and health insurance status (United States)

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the association between health insurance status and CRC screening behavior among a diverse sample of ambulatory patients. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. Quota sampling techniques were used to recruit 52 insured/uninsured patients ≥age 50 from three Midwestern medical clinics (N=104). Data were collected by interviewer-administered CRC screening questionnaires. Results: Thirty-nine percent of the sample was in compliance with CRC testing guidelines. Insured compared to uninsured participants were significantly more likely to have ever completed any testing (77% versus 33%), and were more likely to have undertaken testing according to current US guidelines (62% versus 17%), all ps < 0.001. Insured participants also were significantly more likely than the uninsured to know about, receive physician recommendation to screen, and profess future intent to screen, ps < 0.001. Fewer uninsured participants were tested for routine reasons compared to insured participants. Significant group differences did not emerge on future preference for a particular screening methodology, if testing costs were equal. Conclusions: Results suggest that CRC screening depends, in part, on health insurance status. Increasing insurance coverage or resources for low-cost, accurate tests may facilitate future screening.
Deep Learning for Classification of Colorectal Polyps on Whole-slide Images

CONTEXT
Histopathological characterization of colorectal polyps is critical for determining the risk of colorectal cancer and future rates of surveillance for patients. However, this characterization is a challenging task and suffers from significant inter- and intra-observer variability.


AIMS
We built an automatic image analysis method that can accurately classify different types of colorectal polyps on whole-slide images to help pathologists with this characterization and diagnosis.


SETTING AND DESIGN
Our method is based on deep-learning techniques, which rely on numerous levels of abstraction for data representation and have shown state-of-the-art results for various image analysis tasks.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Our method covers five common types of polyps (i.e., hyperplastic, sessile serrated, traditional serrated, tubular, and tubulovillous/villous) that are included in the US Multisociety Task Force guidelines for colorectal cancer risk assessment and surveillance. We developed multiple deep-learning approaches by leveraging a dataset of 2074 crop images, which were annotated by multiple domain expert pathologists as reference standards.


STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
We evaluated our method on an independent test set of 239 whole-slide images and measured standard machine-learning evaluation metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score and their 95% confidence intervals.


RESULTS
Our evaluation shows that our method with residual network architecture achieves the best performance for classification of colorectal polyps on whole-slide images (overall accuracy: 93.0%, 95% confidence interval: 89.0%-95.9%).


CONCLUSIONS
Our method can reduce the cognitive burden on pathologists and improve their efficacy in histopathological characterization of colorectal polyps and in subsequent risk assessment and follow-up recommendations.
Aspects of political ideas and institutions in ancient India

It discusses different views on the origin and nature of the state in ancient India along with stages and processes of state formation. It also examines the relevance of caste and kin-based collectivises to the construction of polity developments of political organisation in relation to their changing social and economic background and how religion and rituals were brought in the service of the ruling class.
Human action segmentation and recognition via motion and shape analysis

In this paper, we present an automated video analysis system which addresses segmentation and detection of human actions in an indoor environment, such as a gym. The system aims at segmenting different movements from the input video and recognizing the action types simultaneously. Two action segmentation techniques, namely color intensity based and motion based, are proposed. Both methods can efficiently segment periodic human movements into temporal cycles. We also apply a novel approach for human action recognition by describing human actions using motion and shape features. The descriptor contains both the local shape and its spatial layout information, therefore is more effective for action modeling and is suitable for detecting and recognizing a variety of actions. Experimental results show that the proposed action segmentation and detection algorithms are highly effective. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Topiramate treatment for heavy drinkers: moderation by a GRIK1 polymorphism.

OBJECTIVE
Topiramate has been shown to reduce drinking and heavy drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence whose goal was to stop drinking. The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in heavy drinkers whose treatment goal was to reduce drinking to safe levels.


METHOD
A total of 138 individuals (62.3% men) were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of treatment with topiramate (N=67), at a maximal daily dose of 200 mg, or matching placebo (N=71). Both groups received brief counseling to reduce drinking and increase abstinent days. It was hypothesized that topiramate-treated patients would be better able to achieve these goals, and it was predicted that based on prior research, the effects would be moderated by a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2832407) in GRIK1, encoding the kainate GluK1 receptor subunit.


RESULTS
The rate of treatment completion was 84.9% and equal by treatment group. Topiramate treatment significantly reduced heavy drinking days and increased abstinent days relative to placebo. Patients receiving topiramate also had lower concentrations of the liver enzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lower scores on a measure of alcohol-related problems than the placebo group. In a European American subsample (N=122), topiramate's effect on heavy drinking days was significantly greater than that for placebo only in rs2832407 C-allele homozygotes.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the use of topiramate at a daily dose of 200 mg to reduce heavy drinking in problem drinkers. The moderator effect of rs2832407, if validated, would facilitate the identification of heavy drinkers who are likely to respond well to topiramate treatment and provide an important personalized treatment option. The pharmacogenetic findings also implicate the kainate receptor in the mechanism of topiramate's effects on heavy drinking.