LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A new sentence similarity measure and sentence based extractive technique for automatic text summarization

The technology of automatic document summarization is maturing and may provide a solution to the information overload problem. Nowadays, document summarization plays an important role in information retrieval. With a large volume of documents, presenting the user with a summary of each document greatly facilitates the task of finding the desired documents. Document summarization is a process of automatically creating a compressed version of a given document that provides useful information to users, and multi-document summarization is to produce a summary delivering the majority of information content from a set of documents about an explicit or implicit main topic. In our study we focus on sentence based extractive document summarization. We propose the generic document summarization method which is based on sentence clustering. The proposed approach is a continue sentence-clustering based extractive summarization methods, proposed in Alguliev [Alguliev, R. M., Aliguliyev, R. M., Bagirov, A. M. (2005). Global optimization in the summarization of text documents. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 39, 42–47], Aliguliyev [Aliguliyev, R. M. (2006). A novel partitioning-based clustering method and generic document summarization. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on web intelligence and intelligent agent technology (WI–IAT 2006 Workshops) (WI–IATW’06), 18–22 December (pp. 626–629) Hong Kong, China], Alguliev and Alyguliev [Alguliev, R. M., Alyguliev, R. M. (2007). Summarization of text-based documents with a determination of latent topical sections and information-rich sentences. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 41, 132–140] Aliguliyev, [Aliguliyev, R. M. (2007). Automatic document summarization by sentence extraction. Journal of Computational Technologies 12, 5–15.]. The purpose of present paper to show, that summarization result not only depends on optimized function, and also depends on a similarity measure. The experimental results on an open benchmark datasets from DUC01 and DUC02 show that our proposed approach can improve the performance compared to sate-of-the-art summarization approaches. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The additional value of a night splint to eccentric exercises in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial.

AIM
To assess whether the use of a night splint is of added benefit on functional outcome in treating chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.


METHODS
This was a single-blind, prospective, single centre, randomised controlled trial set in the Sports Medical Department, The Hague Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-70 years, active participation in sports, and tendon pain localised at 2-7 cm from distal insertion. Exclusion criteria were: insertional disorders, partial or complete ruptures, or systemic illness. 70 tendons were included and randomised into one of two treatment groups: eccentric exercises with a night splint (night splint group, n = 36) or eccentric exercises only (eccentric group, n = 34).


INTERVENTIONS
Both groups completed a 12-week heavy-load eccentric training programme. One group received a night splint in addition to eccentric exercises. At baseline and follow-up at 12 weeks, patient satisfaction, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A) score and reported compliance were recorded by a single-blind trained researcher who was blinded to the treatment.


RESULTS
After 12 weeks, patient satisfaction in the eccentric group was 63% compared with 48% in the night splint group. The VISA-A score significantly improved in both groups; in the eccentric group from 50.1 to 68.8 (p = 0.001) and in the night splint group from 49.4 to 67.0 (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in VISA-A score (p = 0.815) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.261).


CONCLUSION
A night splint is not beneficial in addition to eccentric exercises in the treatment of chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.
Cognitive-emotional training as an intervention for major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND
There is an urgent need for more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). As understanding of the cognitive and affective neuroscience underlying psychiatric disorders expands, so do opportunities to develop interventions that capitalize on the capacity for brain plasticity. Cognitive training is one such strategy. In this article, we report a proof-of-concept study of a novel cognitive-emotional training exercise designed to enhance cognitive control for emotional information processing and targeting components of the neural networks that have been implicated in MDD.


METHODS
Twenty-one participants with MDD in a current episode were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment conditions: 11 participating in a cognitive-emotional training paradigm (emotional faces memory task (EFMT)) involving eight sessions over 4 weeks, and 10 participating in an active control condition (control training, CT). Assessments of MDD symptoms, negative affective bias in cognitive processing, and neurocognition (attention and working memory) were administered at baseline and after 4 weeks.


RESULTS
Participants in the EFMT group exhibited a greater reduction in MDD symptoms compared to the CT group, and 6 of the 11 EFMT participants achieved clinical response (≥ 50% reduction in symptoms). EFMT participants also exhibited changes in negative affective bias in the hypothesized direction whereas the CT participants did not. Both groups exhibited similar, small improvements in attention and working memory.


CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive-emotional training may represent a feasible and effective intervention strategy for MDD. This proof-of-concept study highlights the need for future studies to fully understand the effectiveness, and mechanisms of effect, of these training strategies.
Abrupt environmental change in Canada’s northernmost lake inferred from fossil diatom and pigment stratigraphy

[1] An analysis of diatoms and fossil pigments in a sediment core from perennially ice-covered Ward Hunt Lake at latitude 83 N in Nunavut, Canada revealed striking changes in diatom communities and sedimentary pigment concentrations during the last two centuries. Diatoms were found only in the upper 2.5 cm of the sedimentary record, and where present, diatom assemblages were composed almost entirely of Staurosirella pinnata. Photosynthetic pigments were present in low concentrations throughout the sedimentary profile, consistent with the ultra-oligotrophic nutrient status of the lake. Pigment concentrations varied slightly in the lower sections of the core, and began to increase gradually at the 4 cm horizon followed by an increase of two orders of magnitude in the uppermost 2.5 cm. The changes observed in the sedimentary record of Ward Hunt Lake had similar trajectories to those observed post-1850 elsewhere in the circumpolar Arctic, and imply that aquatic communities even in the most extreme northern lakes have been strongly impacted by recent climate warming. Citation: Antoniades, D., C. Crawley, M. S. V. Douglas, R. Pienitz, D. Andersen, P. T. Doran, I. Hawes, W. Pollard, and W. F. Vincent (2007), Abrupt environmental change in Canada’s northernmost lake inferred from fossil diatom and pigment stratigraphy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18708, doi:10.1029/2007GL030947.
Collected poems, 1947-1985

Presented chronologically, this anthology includes material by Ginsberg's artist friends, explanatory notes and a prefatory essay by the author. Work from the "City Lights" volume is included, with essays and pamphlets previously published by small presses and some hitherto unpublished material.
SplitNet: Learning to Semantically Split Deep Networks for Parameter Reduction and Model Parallelization

As mentioned in the paper, the direct optimization of group assignment variables with reduced gradients yields faster convergence than optimization via softmax reparametrization. Figure 1 shows the distribution plots, which are provided by TensorFlow, of class-to-group assignments using two methods. Despite starting with lower variance, when the distribution of group assignment variables diverged to
Alternative Algorithm for Hilbert's Space-Filling Curve

An algorithm for generating Hilbert's space-filling curve in a byte-oriented manner is presented. In the context of one application of space-filling curves, the algorithm may be modified so that the results are correct for continua rather than for quantized spaces.
Inflammation’s Association with Metabolic Profiles before and after a Twelve-Week Clinical Trial in Drug-Naïve Patients with Bipolar II Disorder

UNLABELLED
Inflammation is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BP) and metabolic syndrome. Prior studies evaluated the association between metabolic profiles and cytokines only during certain mood states instead of their changes during treatment. We enrolled drug-naïve patients with BP-II and investigated the correlation between changes in mood symptoms and metabolic indices with changes in plasma cytokine levels after 12 weeks of pharmacological treatment. Drug-naïve patients (n = 117) diagnosed with BP-II according to DSM-IV criteria were recruited. Metabolic profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1C, fasting serum glucose, body mass index (BMI) and plasma cytokines (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, and TGF-β) were measured at baseline and 2, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. To adjust within-subject dependence over repeated assessments, multiple linear regressions with generalized estimating equation methods were used. Seventy-six (65.0%) patients completed the intervention. Changes in plasma CRP were significantly associated with changes in BMI (P = 1.7E-7) and triglyceride (P = 0.005) levels. Changes in plasma TGF-β1 were significantly associated with changes in BMI (P = 8.2E-6), cholesterol (P = 0.004), and triglyceride (P = 0.006) levels. However, changes in plasma TNF-α and IL-6 were not associated with changes in any of the metabolic indices. Changes in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were significantly associated with changes in IL-6 (P = 0.003) levels; changes in Young Mania Rating Scale scores were significantly associated with changes in CRP (P = 0.006) and TNF-α (P = 0.039) levels. Plasma CRP and TGF-β1 levels were positively correlated with several metabolic indices in BP-II after 12 weeks of pharmacological intervention. We also hypothesize that clinical symptoms are correlated with certain cytokines. These new findings might be important evidence that inflammation is the pathophysiology of clinical symptoms and metabolic disturbance in BP-II.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01188148.
Motivational Interviewing and the Transtheoretical Model of Change: Under-Explored Resources for Suicide Intervention

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a robust evidence-based intervention that has been used to evoke intrinsic motivation to change behaviors. MI as an intervention focuses on facilitating movement through the stages of the transtheoretical model of change. A study by Coombs et al. (Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions, Guilford Press, New York, 2001) demonstrated that suicidal individuals move through such stages toward suicidal behavior, yet research and applications of MI for suicide have been minimal. In hopes of generating increased exploration of MI for suicidality, this article reviews the theoretical rationale and existing empirical research on applications of MI with suicidal individuals. Potential uses of MI in suicide risk assessment/crisis intervention, as well as an adjunct to longer-term treatment, are discussed.
USING CITYGML TO DEPLOY SMART-CITY SERVICES FOR URBAN ECOSYSTEMS

The rapid technological evolution, which is characterizing all the disciplines involved within the wide concept of smart cities, becomes a key factor to trigger true user-driven innovation. In this context 3D city models will play an increasingly important role in our daily lives and become an essential part of the modern city information infrastructure (Spatial Data Infrastructure). The goal of this paper is to introduce the i-SCOPE (interoperable Smart City services through an Open Platform for urban Ecosystems) project methodology and implementations together with key technologies and open standards. Based on interoperable 3D CityGML UIMs, the aim of i-Scope is to deliver an open platform on top of which it possible to develop, within different domains, various ‘smart city’ services. Moreover, in i-SCOPE different issues, transcending the mere technological domain, are being tackled, including aspects dealing with social and environmental issues. Indeed several tasks including citizen awareness, crowd source and voluntary based data collection as well as privacy issue concerning involved people should be considered. * Corresponding author. This is useful to know for communication with the appropriate person in cases with more than one author.
A simulation model for evaluating facilities' adaptability in the fare collection area of subway stations

According to relative position between ticket office and automatic fare gates, the facility layout of a fare collection area can be classified into three types. The application of these facility layout types are analyzed in the 15 subway hubs and 85 general stations, Beijing. According to the analysis results of facility layout and passenger flow line, fare collection area can be classified into 9 functional subareas. The adjacency degree is defined as the location relationship between adjacent subareas. Secondly, the simulation model is developed with an individual passenger as the object, to update an individual passenger's status. And the moving behavior model of an individual passenger is developed based on the macro pedestrian flow model according to traffic characteristics of many passengers in the field data. In status updating, the average speed of the passengers in different simulation time varied with the density in the subarea. In the case study the facility configurations of the fare collection system in the rail transit hub, DongZhiMen are evaluated with the proposed model for the adaptability of the facility configuration in the fare collection systems. Results show that the provided simulation model is effective and valuable for facility layout optimization and adaptability analysis. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens.

OBJECTIVE
To establish a safe and efficacious dosing regimen for the treatment of primary nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using 5% imiquimod cream.


DESIGN
Two phase 2 studies were conducted: a 6-week, randomized, open-label, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens and a 12-week, randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens.


SETTING
Twenty-four public and private dermatology clinics in Australia and New Zealand (6-week study) and the United States (12-week study) participated.


PATIENTS
The study populations comprised 99 patients enrolled in the 6-week study and 92 patients in the 12-week study. Patients were at least 18 years old and had a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of nodular BCC.


INTERVENTIONS
In the 6-week study, imiquimod was applied once daily for 3 or 7 days per week or twice daily for 3 or 7 days per week. In the 12-week study, imiquimod or placebo cream (vehicle) was applied once daily for 3, 5, or 7 days per week, or twice daily for 7 days per week. The entire tumor area was excised 6 weeks after treatment and examined histologically for evidence of remaining BCC.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The proportion of patients having no histologic evidence of BCC in the posttreatment excision specimen.


RESULTS
Dosing once daily for 7 days per week resulted in the highest clearance rate, with 25 (71%) of 35 and 16 (76%) of 21 patients showing clearance of their tumor in the 6- and 12-week studies, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Topical 5% imiquimod cream is well tolerated and most effective in treating nodular BCC when applied once daily for 7 days per week for either 12 or 6 weeks.
Bilateral Trade Agreements and the Feasibility of Multilateral Free Trade

What is the relationship between preferential and multilateral trade liberalization? Does the option to form free trade agreements (FTAs) reduce the likelihood of obtaining global free trade? In a three-country model of intraindustry trade, we show that when the degree of cost asymmetry between countries is small, global free trade is less likely to occur when FTAs are permissible (stumbling bloc effect). However, when the degree of cost asymmetry is sufficiently high, global free trade is infeasible whereas welfare improving FTAs are feasible. In fact, there exist circumstances where (i) FTAs can even yield higher world welfare than global free trade and (ii) multilateral free trade is an equilibrium only if countries have the option to form FTAs (building bloc effect).
Development of the pharmacy safety climate questionnaire: a principal components analysis.

OBJECTIVE
To develop, and examine the component structure and internal consistency, of a questionnaire designed to assess safety climate in the community pharmacy setting.


METHODS
998 pharmacists working in community pharmacies in England completed the questionnaire. Item selection was determined by principal components analysis (PCA) which also defined the underlying structure of the questionnaire. Scales were constructed from the items that loaded on components and were tested for internal consistency using Cronbach alpha scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine inter-component correlations.


RESULTS
A 34-item Pharmacy Safety Climate Questionnaire (PSCQ) was extracted through PCA; seven components were retained which represented the model of choice, and explained 58.3% of the data variance. The components were: investigating and learning from incidents; staffing and management; perceptions of the causes of incidents and reporting; team working; communication; commitment to patient safety; and education and training about safety. The internal consistency for the components was high; Cronbach alpha scores ranged from 0.67 to 0.88.


CONCLUSIONS
The PSCQ demonstrated good psychometric properties in terms of its face validity, component structure and internal consistency. Community pharmacies can use this new tool to measure staff attitudes relating to seven safety climate domains, to compare themselves with other pharmacies, to prompt interventions to improve the prevailing safety climate within their organisation, and to measure the effectiveness of these interventions.
Machine Learning for Computer Graphics: A Manifesto and Tutorial

I argue that computer graphics can benefit from a deeper use of machine learning techniques. I give an overview of what learning has to offer the graphics community, with an emphasis on Bayesian techniques. I also attempt to address some misconceptions about learning, and to give a very brief tutorial on Bayesian reasoning.
Anti-obesity effects of Lysimachia foenum-graecum characterized by decreased adipogenesis and regulated lipid metabolism

Lysimachia foenum-graecum has been used as an oriental medicine with anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-obesity effect of L. foenum-graecum extract (LFE) was first discovered in our screening of natural product extract library against adipogenesis. To characterize its anti-obesity effects and to evaluate its potential as an anti-obesity drug, we performed various obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. In adipogenesis assay, LFE blocked the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2.5 µg/ml. In addition, LFE suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes, while increasing the expression of lipolytic genes in vitro at 10 µg/ml and in vivo at 100 mg/kg/day. The anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effect of LFE seems to be mediated by the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression as shown in in vitro and in vivo, and the suppression of PPARγ activity in vitro. Moreover, LFE stimulated fatty acid oxidation in an AMPK-dependent manner. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (n = 8/group), oral administration of LFE at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day decreased total body weight gain significantly in all doses tested. No difference in food intake was observed between vehicle- and LFE-treated HFD mice. The weight of white adipose tissues including abdominal subcutaneous, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissue was reduced markedly in LFE-treated HFD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of LFE also greatly improved serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers such as glucose, triglycerides, and adipocytokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. All together, these results showed anti-obesity effects of LFE on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo and raised a possibility of developing LFE as anti-obesity therapeutics.
High resolution partial fingerprint alignment using pore-valley descriptors

Article history: Received 19 August 2008 Received in revised form 22 May 2009 Accepted 5 August 2009
Why Do Students Leave Education Early? Theory and Evidence on High School Dropout Rates

This paper contributes to the growing literature on school dropout by proposing and empirically testing a theoretical framework on the enrollment decision of youngsters in secondary education. The model relates school dropout to time preferences, motivation, opportunity costs, and policy measures, and is empirically tested on longitudinal data of about 5,000 Dutch vocational students. We evaluate the enrollment decision of students for (1) different intensity levels of dropout prevention policy, and for (2) different levels of economic development. The results indicate that the model can accurately predict actual enrollment rates over the period 2000-2011. Using the model to forecast the level of school dropout in the Netherlands by the year 2020, it is observed that a very strict dropout prevention policy could yield nearly maximum enrollment rates (i.e., 97%) in schools. However, the annual budget for a similar dropout prevention policy is estimated at €574 million or 0.10% of the Dutch GDP.
The American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine:deep impact on the practice of cardiovascular imaging

In April 2007, the American College of Radiology released the "White Paper on Radiation Dose in Medicine". The Blue Ribbon panel members included private practice and academic diagnostic radiologists, medical physicists, representatives of industry and regulatory groups, and a patient advocate. The panel concluded that the expanding use of imaging modalities using ionizing radiations such as CT and nuclear medicine may result in an increased incidence of radiation-related cancer in the exposed population in the not-too-distant future, and this problem can likely be minimized by preventing the inappropriate use of such imaging and by optimizing studies that are performed to obtain the best image quality with the lowest radiation dose. The White Paper set forth practical suggestions to minimize radiation risk, including education for all stakeholders in the principles of radiation safety and preferential use of alternative (non-ionizing) imaging techniques, such as MRI and ultrasound. These recommendations are especially relevant for cardiologists, who prescribe and/or practice medical imaging examinations accounting for at least 50% of the total effective dose by radiation medicine, which amounts to an equivalent of about 160 chest x-rays per head per year in US. Were they be enacted, these simple recommendations would determine a revolution in the contemporary way of teaching, learning and practising cardiology.