LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Landfill Leachate on the Stream water Quality

The influence of leachate from open solid waste dumping near Salhad stream (Abbottabad, Pakistan) was investigated to quantify the variations of water quality during August 2007 to April 2008. Samples were collected from five different sites located along the Salhad stream. Two sites were located before the mixing of solid waste leachate with the surface water. One sampling site was of leachate and other two sampling sites were affected with solid waste leachate. Samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters like pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Microbiological analysis was done by using Membrane filter technique. The results of various parameters determined strongly suggested that landfill leachate had severe deleterious impact on the water quality of Salhad stream. The parameters exceeding the allowable limits of WHO, EC and National Environmental Quality Standards included pH, TDS, BOD, COD, total bacterial counts and total coliform counts. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd and Cu were released from the leachate into the Salhad stream which might affect the sustainability of the aquatic life. Integrated, multi-sector approaches are required to deal with the contamination problem and sustainable management of the Salhad stream water.
Salience from feature contrast: additivity across dimensions

Test targets ('singletons') that displayed orientation, motion, luminance, or color contrast, or pairwise combinations of these, were presented in line texture arrays, and their saliences were quantified in comparison to reference targets at defined luminance levels. In general, saliency effects in different stimulus dimensions did add, but did not add linearly. That is, targets with feature contrast in two dimensions were generally more salient than targets with only one of these properties, but often less salient than predicted from the sum of the individual saliency components. Salience variations within a dimension were compared with and without a second saliency effect added. The resulting gain reduction in the combined stimulus conditions was interpreted to reflect the amount of overlap between the respective saliency mechanisms. Combinations of orientation and color contrast produced the strongest gain reduction (about 90% for color in orientation) thus indicating the strongest overlap of underlying saliency mechanisms. Combinations of orientation and motion contrast revealed about 50% overlap, slightly smaller rates were found for combinations of color and motion. All combinations with luminance contrast (orientation and luminance, motion and luminance) produced only little gain reduction (<30%) thus indicating a higher degree of independence between the underlying saliency mechanisms than for other stimulus dimensions.
Response-Time Analysis of Conditional DAG Tasks in Multiprocessor Systems

Different task models have been proposed to represent the parallel structure of real-time tasks executing on manycore platforms: fork/join, synchronous parallel, DAG-based, etc. Despite different schedulability tests and resource augmentation bounds are available for these task systems, we experience difficulties in applying such results to real application scenarios, where the execution flow of parallel tasks is characterized by multiple (and nested) conditional structures. When a conditional branch drives the number and size of sub-jobs to spawn, it is hard to decide which execution path to select for modeling the worst-case scenario. To circumvent this problem, we integrate control flow information in the task model, considering conditional parallel tasks (cp-tasks) represented by DAGs composed of both precedence and conditional edges. For this task model, we identify meaningful parameters that characterize the schedulability of the system, and derive efficient algorithms to compute them. A response time analysis based on these parameters is then presented for different scheduling policies. A set of simulations shows that the proposed approach allows efficiently checking the schedulability of the addressed systems, and that it significantly tightens the schedulability analysis of non-conditional (e.g., Classic DAG) tasks over existing approaches.
What leads to post-implementation success of ERP? An empirical study of the Chinese retail industry

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been implemented globally and their implementation has been extensively studied during the past decade. However, many organizations are still struggling to derive benefits from the implemented ERP systems. Therefore, ensuring post-implementation success has become the focus of the current ERP research. This study develops an integrative model to explain the post-implementation success of ERP, based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) theory. We posit that ERP implementation quality (the technological aspect) consisting of project management and system configuration, organizational readiness (the organizational aspect) consisting of leadership involvement and organizational fit, and external support (the environmental aspect) will positively affect the post-implementation success of ERP. An empirical test was conducted in the Chinese retail industry. The results show that both ERP implementation quality and organizational readiness significantly affect post-implementation success, whereas external support does not. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model

OBJECTIVE
To develop a new geometrical index that combines height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) and relate this index to total and visceral body fat.


DESIGN AND METHODS
Subject data were pooled from three databases that contained demographic, anthropometric, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured fat mass, and magnetic resonance imaging measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume. Two elliptical models of the human body were developed. Body roundness was calculated from the model using a well-established constant arising from the theory. Regression models based on eccentricity and other variables were used to predict %body fat and %VAT.


RESULTS
A body roundness index (BRI) was derived to quantify the individual body shape in a height-independent manner. Body roundness slightly improved predictions of %body fat and %VAT compared to the traditional metrics of body mass index (BMI), WC, or HC. On this basis, healthy body roundness ranges were established. An automated graphical program simulating study results was placed at http://www.pbrc.edu/bodyroundness.


CONCLUSION
BRI, a new shape measure, is a predictor of %body fat and %VAT and can be applied as a visual tool for health status evaluations.
Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of metal alloy and semiconductor targets

Abstract The properties of metal alloy (CoPt and inconel) and semiconductor (GaAs and InP) nanoclusters formed via femtosecond laser pulses were investigated. Ablation of the target materials was carried out both in vacuum (10 −4  Pa) and at set pressures in a number of background gases. The results of this work indicate that short laser pulses (low picoseconds/femtoseconds) alone are not enough to guarantee the production of films with stoichiometries matching those of the target materials. The production of stoichiometric alloy films depends on the similarity of the vapor pressures of the target constituents, while the production of stoichiometric compound films requires ablation in the presence of a background gas and compound constituents of comparable mass.
Construct validity of the pediatric Rome III criteria.

OBJECTIVES
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common. The diagnosis of FGIDs is based on the Rome criteria, a symptom-based diagnostic classification established by expert consensus. There is little evidence of validity for the pediatric Rome III criteria. The construct validity of the criteria, an overarching term that incorporates other forms of validity, has never been assessed. We assessed the construct validity of the Rome III criteria.


METHODS
Children from 2 schools in Colombia completed the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms at baseline and weekly questionnaires of somatic symptoms and disability for 8 weeks (presence and intensity of gastrointestinal symptoms, nongastrointestinal symptoms, impact on daily activities). A total of 255 children completed at least 6 weekly surveys (2041 surveys).


RESULTS
At baseline, 27.8% children were diagnosed as having an FGID. Prevalence of nausea (Δ 7.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.46-11.14), constipation (Δ 4.39%, 95% CI 1.79-6.99), diarrhea (Δ 6.69%, 95% CI 3.25-10.13), headache (Δ 7.4%, 95% CI 3.51-11.09), chest pain (Δ 9.04%, 95% CI 5.20-12.88), and limb pain (Δ 4.07%, 95% CI 1.76-6.37) and intensity of nausea (Δ 0.23, 95% CI 0.127-0.333), diarrhea (Δ 0.30, 95% CI 0.211-0.389), abdominal pain (Δ 0.18, 95% CI 0.069-0.291), headache (Δ 0.17, 95% CI 0.091-0.249), and limb pain (Δ 0.30, 95% CI 0.084-0.516) were higher in children with FGIDs (P < 0.001). Children with FGIDs had greater interference with daily activities (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Children with a Rome III diagnosis had significantly more gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal complaints, and greater intensity of symptoms and disability than children without an FGID diagnosis. The study suggests that the Rome III pediatric criteria have adequate construct validity.
Californium: Scalable cloud services for the Internet of Things with CoAP

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect a myriad of devices. Emerging networking and backend support technology not only has to anticipate this dramatic increase in connected nodes, but also a change in traffic patterns. Instead of bulk data such as file sharing or multimedia streaming, IoT devices will primarily exchange real-time sensory and control data in small but numerous messages. Often cloud services will handle these data from a huge number of devices, and hence need to be extremely scalable to support conceivable large-scale IoT applications. To this end, we present a system architecture for IoT cloud services based on the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), which is primarily designed for systems of tiny, low-cost, resource-constrained IoT devices. Along with our system architecture, we systematically evaluate the performance of the new Web protocol in cloud environments. Our Californium (Cf) CoAP framework shows 33 to 64 times higher throughput than high-performance HTTP Web servers, which are the state of the art for classic cloud services. The results substantiate that the low overhead of CoAP does not only enable Web technology for lowcost IoT devices, but also significantly improves backend service scalability for vast numbers of connected devices.
Overview of Ecology and Design

With the development of global environment and environmental protection heat and further understanding of ecology,the environmental ecological awareness of people are more and more strong,different concepts has appeared too.The article analyzed these concepts and summarized the practice of ecological design in recent years.
Fixed Priority Scheduling of Periodic Task Sets with Arbitrary Deadlines

This paper considers the problem of fixed priority scheduling of periodic tasks with arbitrary deadlines. A general criterion for the schedulability of such a task set is given. Worst case bounds are given which generalize the Liu and Layland bound. The results are shown to provide a basis for developing predictable distributed real-time systems.
Spatial Features for Handwritten Kannada and English Character Recognition

This paper presents a handwritten Kannada and English Character recognition system based on spatial features. Directional spatial features viz stroke density, stroke length and the number of stokes are employed as potential features to characterize the handwritten Kannada numerals/vowels and English uppercase alphabets. KNN classifier is used to classify the characters based on these features with four fold cross validation. The proposed system achieves the recognition accuracy as 96.2%, 90.1% and 91.04% for handwritten Kannada numerals, vowels and English uppercase alphabets respectively.
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and GS-9857 in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 Infections in an Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Studies are needed to determine the optimal regimen for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 infections whose prior course of antiviral therapy has failed, and the feasibility of shortening treatment duration. We performed a phase 2 study to determine the efficacy and safety of the combination of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, the NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir, and the NS3/4A protease inhibitor GS-9857 in these patients.


METHODS
We performed a multicenter, open-label trial at 32 sites in the United States and 2 sites in New Zealand from March 3, 2015 to April 27, 2015. Our study included 128 treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients (1 with HCV genotype 1b; 33 with HCV genotype 2; 74 with HCV genotype 3; 17 with genotype HCV 4; and 3 with HCV genotype 6), with or without compensated cirrhosis. All patients received sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (400 mg/100 mg fixed-dose combination tablet) and GS-9857 (100 mg) once daily for 6-12 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).


RESULTS
After 6 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by 88% of treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis (29 of 33; 95% confidence interval, 72%-97%). After 8 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by 93% of treatment-naïve patients with cirrhosis (28 of 30; 95% CI, 78%-99%). After 12 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by all treatment-experienced patients without cirrhosis (36 of 36; 95% CI, 90%-100%) and 97% of treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis (28 of 29; 95% CI, 82%-100%). The most common adverse events were headache, diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea. Three patients (1%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
In a phase 2 open-label trial, we found sofosbuvir-velpatasvir plus GS-9857 (8 weeks in treatment-naïve patients or 12 weeks in treatment-experienced patients) to be safe and effective for patients with HCV genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 infections, with or without compensated cirrhosis. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02378961.
From Discourse to Logic - Introduction to Modeltheoretic Semantics of Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse Representation Theory

Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, edited by Gennaro Chierchia, Pauline Jacobson, and Francis J. Pelletier, volume 42), 1993, viii + 713 pp. Hardbound in two volumes, Part 1 ISBN 0-7923-1027-6, no price listed; Part 2, ISBN 0-7923-2402-1, no price listed; two volume set, ISBN 0-7923-2403-X, $172.00, £112.00, Dfl 280.Paperbound in one volume, ISBN 0-7923-1028-4, no price listed
Hidden attribute-based signatures without anonymity revocation

We propose a new notion called hidden attribute-based signature, which is inspired by the recent developments in attribute-based cryptosystem. With this technique, users are able to sign messages with any subset of their attributes issued from an attribute center. In this notion, a signature attests not to the identity of the individual who endorsed a message, but instead to a claim regarding the attributes the underlying signer possesses. Users cannot forge signature with attributes which they have not been issued. Furthermore, signer remains anonymous without the fear of revocation, among all users with the attributes purported in the signature. After formalizing the security model, we propose two constructions of hidden attributebased signature from pairings. The first construction supports a large universe of attributes and its security proof relies on the random oracle assumption, which can be removed in the second construction. Both constructions have proven to be secure under the standard computational Diffie–Hellman assumption. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Early onset of treatment effects with oral risperidone

BACKGROUND
The dogma of a delayed onset of antipsychotic treatment effects has been maintained over the past decades. However, recent studies have challenged this concept. We therefore performed an analysis of the onset of antipsychotic treatment effects in a sample of acutely decompensated patients with schizophrenia.


METHODS
In this observational study, 48 inpatients with acutely decompensated schizophrenia were offered antipsychotic treatment with oral risperidone. PANSS-ratings were obtained on day 0, day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 14.


RESULTS
Significant effects of treatment were already present on day 1 and continued throughout the study. The PANSS positive subscore and the PANSS total score improved significantly more than the PANSS negative subscore.


CONCLUSION
Our results are consistent with the growing number of studies suggesting an early onset of antipsychotic treatment effects. However, non-pharmacological effects of treatment also need to be taken into consideration.
Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions.

BACKGROUND
Competency-based education (CBE) has emerged in the health professions to address criticisms of contemporary approaches to training. However, the literature has no clear, widely accepted definition of CBE that furthers innovation, debate, and scholarship in this area.


AIM
To systematically review CBE-related literature in order to identify key terms and constructs to inform the development of a useful working definition of CBE for medical education.


METHODS
We searched electronic databases and supplemented searches by using authors' files, checking reference lists, contacting relevant organizations and conducting Internet searches. Screening was carried out by duplicate assessment, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. We included any English- or French-language sources that defined competency-based education. Data were analyzed qualitatively and summarized descriptively.


RESULTS
We identified 15,956 records for initial relevancy screening by title and abstract. The full text of 1,826 records was then retrieved and assessed further for relevance. A total of 173 records were analyzed. We identified 4 major themes (organizing framework, rationale, contrast with time, and implementing CBE) and 6 sub-themes (outcomes defined, curriculum of competencies, demonstrable, assessment, learner-centred and societal needs). From these themes, a new definition of CBE was synthesized.


CONCLUSION
This is the first comprehensive systematic review of the medical education literature related to CBE definitions. The themes and definition identified should be considered by educators to advance the field.
Risk factors for the presence of varices in cirrhotic patients without a history of variceal hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND
Current medical management dictates that all cirrhotic patients without a history of variceal hemorrhage undergo endoscopic screening to detect large varices. However, referral for endoscopic screening of only patients at highest risk for varices may be most cost-effective. The aim of this case-control study was to identify clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings that predict the presence of varices in patients with cirrhosis.


METHODS
Three hundred patients without a history of variceal hemorrhage underwent upper endoscopy as part of an evaluation before liver transplantation. Cases defined as the presence of any varices and cases defined as the presence of large varices were used for examining the risks associated with finding varices on upper endoscopy. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations between the presence of varices and patient characteristics.


RESULTS
Platelet count and Child-Pugh class were independent risk factors for the presence of any varices and the presence of large varices. For the presence of any varices, a platelet count of 90 x 10(3)/microL or less (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.0) and advanced Child-Pugh class (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6) were independent risk factors. For large varices, a platelet count of 80 x 10(3)/microL or less (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.9) and advanced Child-Pugh class (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-5.8) were independent risk factors associated with varices.


CONCLUSIONS
Low platelet count and advanced Child-Pugh class were associated with the presence of any varices and with large varices. These factors allow identification of a subgroup of cirrhotic patients who would benefit most from referral for endoscopic screening for varices.
Experimental Internet Stream Protocol: Version 2 (ST-II)

Status of this Memo This memo defines a revised version of the Internet Stream Protocol, originally defined in IEN-119 [8], based on results from experiments with the original version, and subsequent requests, discussion, and suggestions for improvements. This is a Limited-Use Experimental Protocol. Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. 1. Abstract This memo defines the Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II), an IP-layer protocol that provides end-to-end guaranteed service across an internet. This specification obsoletes IEN 119 "ST-A Proposed Internet Stream Protocol" written by Jim Forgie in 1979, the previous specification of ST. ST-II is not compatible with Version 1 of the protocol, but maintains much of the architecture and philosophy of that version. It is intended to fill in some of the areas left unaddressed, to make it easier to implement, and to support a wider range of applications. CIP Working Group [Page 1]
A Bus-Based SoC Architecture for Flexible Module Placement on Reconfigurable FPGAs

This paper proposes an FPGA-based System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture with support for dynamic runtime reconfiguration. The SoC is divided into two parts, the static embedded CPU sub-system and the dynamically reconfigurable part. An additional bus system connects the embedded CPU sub-system with modules within the dynamic area, offering a flexible way to communicate among all SoC components. This makes it possible to implement a reconfigurable design with support for free module placement. An enhanced memory access method is included for high-speed access to an external memory. The dynamic part includes a streaming technology which implements a direct connection between reconfigurable modules. The paper describes the architecture and shows the advantages in a smart camera case study.