LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic indicators of non-cardiovascular chest pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND
Non-cardiovascular chest pain (NCCP) has a high healthcare cost, but insufficient guidelines exist for its diagnostic investigation. The objective of the present work was to identify important diagnostic indicators and their accuracy for specific and non-specific conditions underlying NCCP.


METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. In May 2012, six databases were searched. Hand and bibliography searches were also conducted. Studies evaluating a diagnostic test against a reference test in patients with NCCP were included. Exclusion criteria were having <30 patients per group, and evaluating diagnostic tests for acute cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic accuracy is given in likelihood ratios (LR): very good (LR+ >10, LR- <0.1); good (LR + 5 to 10, LR- 0.1 to 0.2); fair (LR + 2 to 5, LR- 0.2 to 0.5); or poor (LR + 1 to 2, LR- 0.5 to 1). Joined meta-analysis of the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity was performed by applying a hierarchical Bayesian model.


RESULTS
Out of 6,316 records, 260 were reviewed in full text, and 28 were included: 20 investigating gastroesophageal reflux disorders (GERD), 3 musculoskeletal chest pain, and 5 psychiatric conditions. Study quality was good in 15 studies and moderate in 13. GERD diagnosis was more likely with typical GERD symptoms (LR + 2.70 and 2.75, LR- 0.42 and 0.78) than atypical GERD symptoms (LR + 0.49, LR- 2.71). GERD was also more likely with a positive response to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) test (LR + 5.48, 7.13, and 8.56; LR- 0.24, 0.25, and 0.28); the posterior mean sensitivity and specificity of six studies were 0.89 (95% credible interval, 0.28 to 1) and 0.88 (95% credible interval, 0.26 to 1), respectively. Panic and anxiety screening scores can identify individuals requiring further testing for anxiety or panic disorders. Clinical findings in musculoskeletal pain either had a fair to moderate LR + and a poor LR- or vice versa.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with NCCP, thorough clinical evaluation of the patient's history, symptoms, and clinical findings can indicate the most appropriate diagnostic tests. Treatment response to high-dose PPI treatment provides important information regarding GERD, and should be considered early. Panic and anxiety disorders are often undiagnosed and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain.
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri, Karachi, Pakistan

We report 13 cases of Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis in persons in Karachi, Pakistan, who had no history of aquatic activities. Infection likely occurred through ablution with tap water. An increase in primary amebic meningoencephalitis cases may be attributed to rising temperatures, reduced levels of chlorine in potable water, or deteriorating water distribution systems.
Testing International Asset Pricing Models Using Implied Costs of Capital

This paper tests international asset pricing models using firm-level expected returns estimated from an implied cost of capital approach. We show that the implied approach provides clear evidence of economic relations that would otherwise be obscured by the noise in realized returns. Among G-7 countries, expected returns based on implied costs of capital have less than one-tenth the volatility of those based on realized returns. Our tests show that firm-level expected returns increase with world market beta, idiosyncratic volatility, financial leverage, and book-to-market ratios, and decrease with currency beta and firm size.
Mirror therapy improves hand function in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on upper-extremity motor recovery, spasticity, and hand-related functioning of inpatients with subacute stroke.


DESIGN
Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, 4-week trial, with follow-up at 6 months.


SETTING
Rehabilitation education and research hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 40 inpatients with stroke (mean age, 63.2y), all within 12 months poststroke.


INTERVENTIONS
Thirty minutes of mirror therapy program a day consisting of wrist and finger flexion and extension movements or sham therapy in addition to conventional stroke rehabilitation program, 5 days a week, 2 to 5 hours a day, for 4 weeks.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery, spasticity assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and hand-related functioning (self-care items of the FIM instrument).


RESULTS
The scores of the Brunnstrom stages for the hand and upper extremity and the FIM self-care score improved more in the mirror group than in the control group after 4 weeks of treatment (by 0.83, 0.89, and 4.10, respectively; all P<.01) and at the 6-month follow-up (by 0.16, 0.43, and 2.34, respectively; all P<.05). No significant differences were found between the groups for the MAS.


CONCLUSIONS
In our group of subacute stroke patients, hand functioning improved more after mirror therapy in addition to a conventional rehabilitation program compared with a control treatment immediately after 4 weeks of treatment and at the 6-month follow-up, whereas mirror therapy did not affect spasticity.
Copper wire bonding on low-k/copper wafers with Bond Over Active (BOA) structures for automotive customers

The gold price has continuously climbing since 2000 and is currently recorded at historical high at above USD1350 per ounce in October 2010 as compared to USD1000 per ounce one year ago. Gold wire bonding has been the primary wire interconnecting method used in the semiconductor packaging industry for more than 50 years. Gold wire historically represented about 20-25% of the package cost. With the ever increasing gold price, this ratio now can be as high as 30-35% of the package cost and does not look like there is a relief in sight. Replacing gold wire with copper wire has become a necessity in order to maintain low assembly cost for wire bonded parts. Copper wire has many benefits including low cost, high electrical and thermal conductivities and excellent reliability with aluminum pad metallization. Heavy gauge copper wire has been used in consumer products and semiconductor discrete products for a long time. Many commercial product sectors began thin gauge copper wire in production since 2008. Automotive customers are also forced to look for cheaper interconnecting alternative, such as copper wire as an example. One of the issues in qualifying copper wire for automotive customers with stringent reliability requirements is that no industrial standard has been agreed or published to define copper wire qualification requirements. Presently most companies still apply gold wire reliability requirement to qualify copper wire packages. Many of them extend the gold wire package reliability stress duration for copper wire as a safety factor during the qualification. Our study is aimed for the assembly solution to apply copper wires on low-k-copper wafers with aggressive Freescale Bond Over Active (BOA) rules to meet automotive qualification requirements of Automotive Electronics Council (AEC) grade 1 and grade 0. Two types of bonding surfaces were used in this study, namely the conventional aluminum bond pad and aluminum bond pad remetallized with Nickel / Palladium / Gold Over Pad Metallurgy (OPM). Since Cu-Al and Cu-Au systems are completely different from Au-Al system, the difficulty in applying the same Au wire standards to copper wire parts will be discussed. A new approach to defining the pass/ fail criteria for copper wire parts will be proposed in this study. Units assembled with fine gauge copper wire were submitted through extensive stress conditions in order to demonstrate the excellent package reliability performance.
Новые формы массовой коммуникации в киберпространстве и современное политическое управление

The article analyzes questions of cyber-security and the threats, connected with the new opportunities of public opinion manipulation in the framework of contemporary political management. The real examples of cyber-influence are given in the article as well as those of cyber-bots, applied for making impact on public mind.
Effect of salts on C-phycocyanin.

Abstract The effect of a number of inorganic anions on the quaternary structure of C-phycocyanin has been investigated by fluorescence polarization. Dissociation to monomer occurred in the order: SCN − > ClO 4 − > NO 3 − > Br − > Cl − . These results suggest that hydrophobic interactions are important in the hexamer-monomer equilibrium of C-phycocyanin.
The Life Course Development of Human Sexual Orientation : An Integrative Paradigm

Through the application of life course theory to the study of sexual orientation, this paper specifies a new paradigm for research on human sexual orientation that seeks to reconcile divisions among biological, social science, and humanistic paradigms. Recognizing the historical, social, and cultural relativity of human development, this paradigm argues for a moderate stance between essentialism and constructionism, identifying (a) the history of sexual orientation as an identity category emerging from the medical model of homosexuality in the late 1800s; (b) the presence of same-sex desire across species, history, and cultures, revealing its normality; (c) an underlying affective motivational force which organizes sexual desire within individuals, and (d) the assumption of a sexual identity in response to the identity and behavioral possibilities of a culture. This framework considers the biology of sexual desire while simultaneously acknowledging the socially constructed nature of identity and the historical foundations of sexual orientation as a meaningful index of human identity. The study of human sexual orientation is currently confronted with two significant problems. First, research on sexual orientation continues to be intellectually fragmented along disciplinary lines, primarily due to divergent epistemological, methodological, and metatheoretical perspectives. Second, as societal transformations fundamentally alter the life course of individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual [Cohler & Hammack, in press], it becomes increasingly apparent Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
P300 and symptom improvement in schizophrenia

Rationale: A reduced amplitude of the auditory evoked P300 was interpreted as a trait marker of schizophrenia but reports about correlations between schizophrenic psychopathology and P300 amplitude indicate also a state character. Objectives: To shed light upon these trait and state aspects a longitudinal study was performed to investigate the influence of symptom improvement and atypical neuroleptics on the amplitudes of the P300 and their subcomponents. Methods: P300 was recorded in 17 schizophrenic patients before and after 4 weeks under either clozapine or olanzapine in a double-blind controlled design. For comparison, 17 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were investigated. Parietal and frontal P300 subcomponents were investigated separately using dipole source analysis. Results: Schizophrenic patients had smaller parietal (temporo-basal dipole) but not frontal subcomponent amplitudes (temporo-superior dipole) than controls. For the whole sample subcomponent amplitudes did not change over 4 weeks despite clinical improvement but patients with a pronounced improvement of the PANSS positive score showed a slight enhancement of both subcomponents. This was not significant when the P300 amplitude was measured at a single electrode (Pz). No significant difference between clozapine and olanzapine concerning effects on P300 amplitudes were observed. Conclusions: The results indicate that P300 subcomponents are modulated by changes of positive but not by changes of negative symptoms or different neuroleptics. This result was obvious for P300 subcomponents but not for Pz electrode measurement, which may be due to a higher reliability of the dipole source activity. The results can be integrated into a hypothetical model containing two pathophysiological subgroups of schizophrenia.
A Novel Hybrid Crypto-Biometric Authentication Scheme for ATM Based Banking Applications

This paper studies the smartcard based fingerprint encrytion/authentication scheme for ATM banking systems. In this scheme, the system authenticates each user by both his/her possession (smartcard) and biometrics (fingerprint). A smartcard is used for the first layer of authentication. Based on the successful pass of the first layer authentication, a subsequent process of the biometric fingerprint authentication proceeds. The proposed scheme is fast and secure. Computer simulations and statistical analyze are presented.
The Microfinance Promise

Contributions to this research made by a member of The Financial Access Initiative.
Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative: essai théorique et méthodologique

(1997) " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative: essai théorique et méthodologique " Un document produit en version numérique par Jean-Marie Tremblay, bénévole, professeur de sociologie au Cégep de Chicoutimi Dans le cadre de la collection: "Les classiques des sciences sociales" Site web: http://classiques.uqac.ca/ Une collection développée en collaboration avec la Bibliothèque Paul-Émile-Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Site web: http://bibliotheque.uqac.ca/ " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique " (1997) 2 Cette édition électronique a été réalisée par Jean-Marie Tremblay, bénévole, professeur de sociologie au Cégep de Chicoutimi à partir de : Alvaro Pires Criminologue, École de criminologie, Université d'Ottawa. " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative: essai théorique et méthodologi-que ". Édition électronique réalisée avec le traitement de textes Microsoft Word 2004 pour Macintosh. " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique " (1997) 3 Alvaro Pires Criminologue, département de criminologie, Université d'Ottawa " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique " Un article publié dans l'ouvrage sous la direction de Poupart, Deslauriers, Groulx, Laperrière, Mayer, Pires [Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les méthodes qualitatives], La recherche qualitative. Enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologi-ques, pp. 113-169. Première partie : Épistémologie et théorie. Montréal : Gaëtan Mo-rin, Éditeur, 1997, 405 pp. " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique " (1997) 4 Table des matières Introduction 1. Questions théoriques et méthodologiques générales sur l'échantillonnage Deux types de données : les lettres et les chiffres Les structures conventionnelle et ouverte de recherche La notion d'échantillon La notion de population Les notions d'« univers de travail » et d'« univers général » Deux exemples de structure conventionnelle ou close Deux exemples de structure ouverte ou paradoxale 2. L'échantillonnage et quelques types d'échantillons dans la recherche qualitative L'échantillonnage par cas unique des micro-unités sociales L'échantillon d'acteur L'échantillon de milieu, géographique ou institutionnel L'échantillon événementiel ou d'intrigue La caractérisation de l'échantillonnage par cas unique La sélection du cas Trois axes théorico-méthodologiques majeurs La question de la « généralisation » L'échantillonnage par cas multiples des micro-unités sociales. L'axe des représentations sociales et des expériences de vie Les principes de diversification et de saturation L'échantillon par contraste L'échantillon par homogénéisation Deux stratégies de contraste réduit L'échantillon par quête du cas négatif Bibliographie " Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique " (1997) 5 Figure 1. Deux grands types de données, différentes modalités d'échantillonnage et différents types d'échantillons Figure 2. Deux …
Current Applications of Facial Volumization with Fillers.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article and watching the accompanying videos, the participant should be able to: 1. Assess patients seeking facial volumization and correlate volume deficiencies anatomically. 2. Identify appropriate fillers based on rheologic properties and anatomical needs. 3. Recognize poor candidates for facial volumization. 4. Recognize and treat filler-related side effects and complications.


SUMMARY
Facial volumization is widely applied for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation both as a solitary means and in conjunction with surgical correction. Appropriate facial volumization is dependent on patient characteristics, consistent longitudinal anatomical changes, and qualities of fillers available. In this article, anatomical changes seen with aging are illustrated, appropriate techniques for facial volumization are described in the setting of correct filler selection, and potential complications are addressed.
Short Inter-pregnancy Intervals, Parity, Excessive Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Maternal Obesity

To investigate the relationship among parity, length of the inter-pregnancy intervals and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the risk of obesity. Using a prospective cohort study of 3,422 non-obese, non-pregnant US women aged 14–22 years at baseline, adjusted Cox models were used to estimate the association among parity, inter-pregnancy intervals, and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the relative hazard rate (HR) of obesity. Compared to nulliparous women, primiparous women with excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy had a HR of obesity of 1.79 (95 % CI 1.40, 2.29); no significant difference was seen between primiparous without excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and nulliparous women. Among women with the same pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the same number of inter-pregnancy intervals (12 and 18 months or ≥18 months), the HR of obesity increased 2.43-fold (95 % CI 1.21, 4.89; p = 0.01) for every additional inter-pregnancy interval of <12 months; no significant association was seen for longer inter-pregnancy intervals. Among women with the same parity and inter-pregnancy interval pattern, women with excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy had an HR of obesity 2.41 times higher (95 % CI 1.81, 3.21; p < 0.001) than women without. Primiparous and nulliparous women had similar obesity risk unless the primiparous women had excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy, then their risk of obesity was greater. Multiparous women with the same excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and at least one additional short inter-pregnancy interval had a significant risk of obesity after childbirth. Perinatal interventions that prevent excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy or lengthen the inter-pregnancy interval are necessary for reducing maternal obesity.
Feature Points Extraction from Faces

This paper proposes a method to extract the feature points from faces automatically. It provides a feasible way to locate the positions of two eyeballs, near and far corners of eyes, midpoint of nostrils and mouth corners from face image. This approach would help to extract useful features on human face automatically and improve the accuracy of face recognition. The experiments show that the method presented in this paper could locate feature points from faces exactly and quickly.
Mathiness in the Theory of Economic Growth

Politics does not lead to a broadly shared consensus. It has to yield a decision, whether or not a consensus prevails. As a result, political institutions create incentives for participants to exaggerate disagreements between factions. Words that are evocative and ambiguous better serve factional interests than words that are analytical and precise. Science is a process that does lead to a broadly shared consensus. It is arguably the only social process that does. Consensus forms around theoretical and empirical statements that are true. Tight links between words from natural language and symbols from the formal language of mathematics encourage the use of words that are analytical and precise. For the last two decades, growth theory has made no scientific progress toward a consensus. The challenge is how to model the scale effects introduced by nonrival ideas. Mobile telephony is the update to the pin factory, the demonstration that scale effects are too important to ignore. To accommodate them, many growth theorists have embraced monopolistic competition, but an influential group of traditionalists continues to support price taking with external increasing returns. The question posed here is why the methods of science have failed to resolve the disagreement between these two groups. Economists usually stick to science. Robert Solow (1956) was engaged in science when he developed his mathematical theory of growth. But they can get drawn into academic politics. Joan Robinson (1956) was engaged in academic Mathiness in the Theory of Economic Growth
Mobile-bearing versus fixed-bearing total knee implants. Results of a series of 100 randomised cases after 9 years follow-up.

HYPOTHESIS
Mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were developed as an alternative to fixed-bearing implants because of their theoretical advantages related to wear and range of motion. For all that, none of the short-term and medium-term studies published so far have reported a significant clinical improvement related to these mobile bearings. The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes of fixed and mobile bearings in the same type of TKA model after a longer follow-up.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This series initially comprised 100 patients with a mean age of 73 years who were operated by a single surgeon. The patients were randomised to receive either a fixed bearing TKA implant or a mobile one; their outcomes evaluated after a mean of 9 years (7.2-12.2) follow-up. Twenty-two patients died before the final review, 15 were lost to follow-up and 2 were excluded. This resulted in 30 patients with a mobile-bearing knee and 31 with a fixed-bearing knee being available for analysis.


RESULTS
There were no significant clinical differences between the groups receiving a fixed or mobile bearing in terms of the range of motion, subjective outcomes or validated outcomes measured, such as the self-reported Oxford or the IKS. Conversely, there was a significantly higher rate of osteolysis in the fixed-bearing group, but it was not clinically relevant.


CONCLUSION
This study, which has the longest published follow-up, confirms the results found in the seven randomised studies published up to now: there are no significant differences in the clinical outcomes between fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing inserts of the same TKA model. Although the mobile bearing knees had a better radiographic appearance, this did not translate to better clinical outcomes. In practice, the superiority of mobile bearings is solely theoretical.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II
Prospective randomised study.