LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Development of mathematical competencies in adolescence : The PALMA longitudinal study

The Project for the Analysis of Learning and Achievement in Mathematics (PALMA)1 analyses adolescents' development in the domain of mathematics during secondary school (grades five to ten). Using a longitudinal design involving annual assessments, the main study of the project aims at investigating the development of mathemati­ cal competencies over school years. Individual student characteristics in mathematics, classroom instruction in this domain, and variables of classroom and family contexts are also assessed. The comprehensive approach of the project enables us to address some of the deficits of previous research on adolescents' development in mathemat­ ics. Specifically, few of the existing studies used longitudinal designs. Also, the ex­ tant research focussed on specific competencies or school years, or only used qualita­ tive methodology (Baumert, Gruehn, Heyn, Koller, & Schnabcl, 1997; Blum, Kaiser, Burghes, & Green, 1994; Koller, Watermann, Trautwein, & Liidtke, 2003; Kuechemann & Hoyles, 2003; Lehmann, Husfeldt, & Peek, 2001; Rost, 2000; Watson & Kelley, 2004). By implication, few generalisable conclusions can be drawn to date. The theoretical framework of the project employs a conception of mathematical competencies that is consistent with constructs of mathematical literacy as used in the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Specifically, the differentiation between competencies in mathematical modclling, on the one hand, and in performing algorithmic operations, on the other, is of fundamental importance for this project. Also, the framework emphasises the role which basic mathematical conceptual ideas (Grundvorstellungen) play in mathematical modelling and problem solving (Blum, 1998; vom Hofe, 1995, 1998; vom Hofe, Kleine, Blum, & Pekrun, 2005). Competencies in mathematical modelling include abilities to convert real-world problems into mathematical models, to solve these problems within the context of the mathematical models, and to transfer the solutions back into reality (Blum et aI., 2004; an example can be seen in the task "chocolate", see below 2.1) . Regarding student characteristics, the project involves an analysis of the emotions that students experience in the domain of mathematics. Emotions have been largely neglected by educational research up until now, with only a few exceptions like stud­ ies on test anxiety (Zeidner, 1998). This also pertains to students' emotions in math­ ematics, research on mathematics anxiety being an exception. Basic research in psy­ chology and the neurosciences, however, has shown that emotions are of fundamental importance for learning, memory, and competence development (Lewis & Haviland­ Jones, 2004). Emotions can impact on students' academic learning by changing brain
Multi-Task Video Captioning with Video and Entailment Generation

Video captioning, the task of describing the content of a video, has seen some promising improvements in recent years with sequence-to-sequence models, but accurately learning the temporal and logical dynamics involved in the task still remains a challenge, especially given the lack of sufficient annotated data. We improve video captioning by sharing knowledge with two related directed-generation tasks: a temporally-directed unsupervised video prediction task to learn richer context-aware video encoder representations, and a logically-directed language entailment generation task to learn better video-entailing caption decoder representations. For this, we present a many-to-many multi-task learning model that shares parameters across the encoders and decoders of the three tasks. We achieve significant improvements and the new state-of-the-art on several standard video captioning datasets using diverse automatic and human evaluations. We also show mutual multi-task improvements on the entailment generation task.
High-speed packet classification for differentiated services in next-generation networks

In next-generation networks, packet classification is important in fulfilling the requirements of multimedia services, including VoIP and VoD. Using pre-defined filters, the incoming packets can be categorized that determines to which forwarding class a packet belongs. Packet classification is essentially a problem of multidimensional range matching. The tuple space search is a well-known solution based on multiple hash accesses for various filter length combinations. The tuple-based algorithm, a rectangle search, is highly scalable with respect to the number of filters; however, it suffers from the memory-explosion problem. Besides, the lookup performance of the rectangle search is not sufficiently fast to accomplish high-speed packet classification. This work proposes an improved scheme to reduce the required storage and realize OC-192 wire-speed forwarding. The scheme consists of two parts. The "Tuple Reduction Algorithm" drastically reduces the number of tuples by duplicating filters. Dynamic programming is used to optimize the tuple reduction and two heuristic approaches are introduced to simplify the optimization process. Furthermore, the "Look-ahead Caching" scheme is presented to improve the lookup performance. The basic idea is to prevent unnecessary tuple probing by filtering out the "un-matched" situation of the incoming packet. The experimental results show that combining the tuple reduction algorithm with look-ahead caching increases the lookup speed by a factor of six while requiring only around one third of the storage. Additionally, an extension of multiple fields to more general filters is addressed.
Repair of the Malpositioned Lower Lid.

Facial fractures can lead to long-term sequelae if not repaired. Complications from surgical approaches can be equally detrimental to the patient. Periorbital approaches via the lower lid can lead to ectropion, entropion, scleral show, canthal malposition, and lid edema.1–6 Ectropion can cause epiphora, whereas entropion often causes pain and irritation due to contact between the cilia and cornea. Transcutaneous and tranconjunctival approaches are commonly used to address fractures of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor. The transconjunctival approach is popular among otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists, whereas transcutaneous approaches are more commonly used by oral maxillofacial surgeons and plastic surgeons.7Ridgwayet al reported in theirmeta-analysis that lid complications are highest with the subciliary approach (19.1%) and lowest with transconjunctival approach (2.1%).5 Raschke et al also found a lower incidence of lower lid malpositionvia the transconjunctival approach comparedwith the subciliary approach.8 Regardless of approach, complications occur and thefacial traumasurgeonmustknowhowtomanage these issues. In this article, we will review the common complications of lower lid surgery and their treatment.
PI and fuzzy logic controllers for shunt Active Power Filter--a report.

This paper presents a shunt Active Power Filter (APF) for power quality improvements in terms of harmonics and reactive power compensation in the distribution network. The compensation process is based only on source current extraction that reduces the number of sensors as well as its complexity. A Proportional Integral (PI) or Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used to extract the required reference current from the distorted line-current, and this controls the DC-side capacitor voltage of the inverter. The shunt APF is implemented with PWM-current controlled Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and the switching patterns are generated through a novel Adaptive-Fuzzy Hysteresis Current Controller (A-F-HCC). The proposed adaptive-fuzzy-HCC is compared with fixed-HCC and adaptive-HCC techniques and the superior features of this novel approach are established. The FLC based shunt APF system is validated through extensive simulation for diode-rectifier/R-L loads.
All Things Reconciled: A Dialogue with Science from a Reformed Perspective

In this essay, the author examines some of the troubled interactions between science and
religion in the West, attributing part of the trouble to a reliance upon anthropomorphic models of God and to an illusion of human separateness from the rest of creation. Citing recent findings of biology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, he argues that the human species is religious by its very nature.
Economic and Disease Burden of Dengue Illness in India

Between 2006 and 2012 India reported an annual average of 20,474 dengue cases. Although dengue has been notifiable since 1996, regional comparisons suggest that reported numbers substantially underrepresent the full impact of the disease. Adjustment for underreporting from a case study in Madurai district and an expert Delphi panel yielded an annual average of 5,778,406 clinically diagnosed dengue cases between 2006 and 2012, or 282 times the reported number per year. The total direct annual medical cost was US$548 million. Ambulatory settings treated 67% of cases representing 18% of costs, whereas 33% of cases were hospitalized, comprising 82% of costs. Eighty percent of expenditures went to private facilities. Including non-medical and indirect costs based on other dengue-endemic countries raises the economic cost to $1.11 billion, or $0.88 per capita. The economic and disease burden of dengue in India is substantially more than captured by officially reported cases, and increased control measures merit serious consideration.
Midface rejuvenation: a critical evaluation of a 7-year experience.

BACKGROUND
Although "traditional" face-lifting techniques can achieve excellent improvement along the jawline and neck, they often have little impact on the midface area. Thus, many different types of procedures have been developed to provide rejuvenation in this region, usually contemplating various dissection planes, incisions, and suspension vectors.


METHODS
A 7-year observational study of 350 patients undergoing midface lift was analyzed. The authors suspended the midface flap, anchoring to the deep temporal aponeurosis with a suspender-like suture (superolateral vector), or directly to the lower orbital rim with a belt-like suture (superomedial vector). Subjective and objective methods were used to evaluate the results. The subjective methods included a questionnaire completed by the patients. The objective method involved the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative photographs by a three-member jury instructed to compare the "critical" anatomical areas of the midface region: malar eminence, nasojugal groove, nasolabial fold, and jowls in the lower portion of the cheeks. The average follow-up period was 24 months.


RESULTS
High satisfaction was noticeable from the perceptions of both the jury and the patients. Objective evaluation evidenced that midface lift with temporal anchoring was more efficient for the treatment of malar eminence, whereas midface lift with transosseous periorbital anchoring was more efficient for the treatment of nasojugal groove.


CONCLUSIONS
The most satisfying aspect of the adopted techniques is a dramatic facial rejuvenation and preservation of the patient's original youthful identity. Furthermore, choosing the most suitable technique respects the patient's needs and enables correction of the specific defects.


CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, IV.
Highly aligned nonwoven vapor grown carbon fibre based polyurethane fibrous membrane for direction-dependent microwave shielding

Abstract Highly aligned nonwoven vapor grown carbon fibre (VGCF) based polyurethane (PU) fibrous membrane (VGCF@PUFM) was fabricated by rotation spinning based on DMF-H 2 O exchange for directional microwave shielding. This VGCF@PUFM showed obviously different electrical conductivity and mechanical strength in parallel and perpendicular directions. Variational microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) could be observed by changing the rotation angles of VGCF@PUFM with vibrational direction of electromagnetic (EM) wave. There was the shielding difference more than 10 dB (above 20 dB in 0°, below 8 dB in 90°). Greater shielding effectiveness could be expected by enhancing the anisotropy of electrical conductivity of the VGCF@PUFM. In addition, oriented alignment of VGCF in fibre is promising for further improvement of the electrical conductivity in fibre direction.
A Symbolic Summation Approach to Find Optimal Nested Sum Representations

We consider the following problem: Given a nested sum expression, find a sum representation such that the nested depth is minimal. We obtain a symbolic summation framework that solves this problem for sums defined, e.g., over hypergeometric, $q$-hypergeometric or mixed hypergeometric expressions. Recently, our methods have found applications in quantum field theory.
Significantly impaired shoulder function in the first years of rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study

INTRODUCTION
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk impaired shoulder function due to the inflammatory process. The knowledge of shoulder function in the early years of the disease is limited. The aim was to compare shoulder function and activity limitation related to the shoulder-arm-hand in women with RA in early disease course compared to age-matched healthy women.


METHOD
This controlled cross-sectional study included 103 women with rheumatoid arthritis and a reference group of 103 age-matched healthy women. The mean age was 47.1 (SD 10.0) years, the mean disease duration was 20.3 (SD 8.5) months and the mean DAS28 score was 3.8 (SD 1.4) among the patients. Participants were provided with self-reported questionnaires quantifying activity limitations. Shoulder function was assessed by isometric strength of the shoulder, shoulder-arm movement and shoulder pain. Hand-grip force was assessed and examination was made of tender and swollen joints among the patients.


RESULTS
Patients showed significantly (p < 0.0001) impaired shoulder muscle strength, shoulder-arm movement, and shoulder pain compared to the reference group. Patients shoulder muscle strength was approximately 65% of the results observed in the reference group. Activity limitations related to the shoulder-arm-hand (DASH) were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the patient group compared to the reference group and indicates limitations in daily activities for the patients.


CONCLUSION
Patients with RA were found to have significantly impaired shoulder function already 1.5 years after disease onset compared to age-matched subjects. Reduced shoulder muscle strength was found to be associated with activity limitations (DASH) implying that screening of the shoulder function, emphasising the shoulder muscle strength, should be initiated from disease onset.
Skipping-oriented Partitioning for Columnar Layouts

As data volumes continue to grow, modern database systems increasingly rely on data skipping mechanisms to improve performance by avoiding access to irrelevant data. Recent work [39] proposed a fine-grained partitioning scheme that was shown to improve the opportunities for data skipping in row-oriented systems. Modern analytics and big data systems increasingly adopt columnar storage schemes, and in such systems, a row-based approach misses important opportunities for further improving data skipping. The flexibility of column-oriented organizations, however, comes with the additional cost of tuple reconstruction. In this paper, we develop Generalized Skipping-Oriented Partitioning (GSOP), a novel hybrid data skipping framework that takes into account these rowbased and column-based tradeoffs. In contrast to previous columnoriented physical design work, GSOP considers the tradeoffs between horizontal data skipping and vertical partitioning jointly. Our experiments using two public benchmarks and a real-world workload show that GSOP can significantly reduce the amount of data scanned and improve end-to-end query response times over the state-of-theart techniques.
The effect of photobiomodulation on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of cancer therapy with few efficacious treatments.


METHODS
We enrolled 70 patients with CIPN in a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, cross-over trial to determine if photobiomodulation (PBM)±physiotherapy reduced the symptoms of neuropathy compared to sham treatment. At the conclusion of follow-up, sham-arm patients could cross-over into a third arm combining PBM and physiotherapy to determine if multimodal treatment had additive effects. Treatment included 30minute sessions 3-times weekly for 6weeks using either PBM or sham therapy. Neuropathy was assessed using the modified total neuropathy score (mTNS) at initiation and 4, 8, and 16weeks after initiating treatment.


RESULTS
Sham-treated patients experienced no significant change in mTNS scores at any point during the primary analysis. PBM patients experienced significant reduction in mTNS scores at all time points. Mean changes in mTNS score (and corresponding percent drop from baseline) for sham and PBM-group patients respectively were -0.1 (-0.7%) and -4.2 (-32.4%) at 4weeks (p<0.001), 0.2 (0.0%) and -6.8 (-52.6%) at 8weeks (p<0.001), and 0.0 (0.1%) and -5.0 (-38.8%) at 16weeks (p<0.001). Patients who crossed over into the PBM/PT-group experienced similar results to those treated primarily; changes in mTNS score from baseline were -5.5 (-40.6%) 4weeks (p<0.001), -6.9 (-50.9%) at 8weeks (p<0.001), and -4.9 (-35.9%) at 16weeks (p<0.001). The addition of physiotherapy did not improve outcomes over PBM alone.


CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
Among patients with CIPN, PBM produced significant reduction in neuropathy symptoms.
Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image: evidence of a link among female adolescents.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between celebrity worship and body image within the theoretical perspective of intense para-social relationships with celebrities.


DESIGN
Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between celebrity worship and body image.


METHOD
Three samples, 229 (102 males and 127 females) adolescents, 183 (88 males and 95 females) full-time university undergraduate students, and 289 (126 males and 163 females) adults were administered an amended version of the Celebrity Attitude Scale, the Attention to Body Shape Scale, and the Body Shape Questionnaire-Revised.


RESULTS
Significant relationships were found between attitudes toward celebrities and body image only among female adolescents. Multiple regression analyses suggested that Intense-personal celebrity worship accounted for unique variance in scores in body image.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that in female adolescents, there is an interaction between Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image between the ages of 14 and 16 years, and some tentative evidence has been found to suggest that this relationship disappears at the onset of adulthood, 17 to 20 years. Results are consistent with those authors who stress the importance of the formation of para-social relationships with media figures, and suggest that para-social relationships with celebrities perceived as having a good body shape may lead to a poor body image in female adolescents.
Integrative Models of Broca's Area and the Ventral Premotor Cortex

in Leipzig in September 2003, that brought together cognitive neuroscientists working in two different sub-fields, language processing and actions processing. This workshop aimed to examine the degree of compatibility between functional models of Broca's area and the premotor cortex from the perspective of these two fields. Furthermore, the possibilities of integrating such models into a more general account of this region's function were discussed. It is the aim of modern cognitive neuroscience to explore the neuroanatomical underpinnings of perception, cognition, and goal-directed action. As a result of traditional specializations within experimental psychology, as well as pragmatic necessities, most researchers focus their efforts on component processes such as, for example, visual perception, memory, language, or executive functions. While this strategy is common in cognitive neuroscience, there is a potential danger of producing neurocognitive models for certain cognitive processes that are incompatible with models for other processes, while at the same time targeting identical brain regions. In our work, we experienced that the two fields, language (or, most specifically, syntactic processing) and action perception, both consider Broca's area and the adjacent ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) as crucial components of the brain circuitry involved in sentence comprehension and in the perception of others' actions, respectively. This may reflect that indeed the same neural mechanisms are involved in both sentence processing and action perception/execution. Alternatively, such common activation patterns may also be the result of an involvement of distinct neural populations that are very closely located, i.e., within the same macro-anatomical region. Most neurocognitive models proposed in either field take a domain specific approach to accounting for Broca/vPMC involvement in the respective process, and do not explicitly consider how the involvement in the respective other process may be explained. Few exceptions try to bridge the gap between language and action, for example on the basis of a hypothesis concerning a common evolutionary precursor of both brain regions in question here (Rizzolatti and Arbib, 1998). It is our strong belief that neurocognitive models that attribute certain functions to specific brain regions also have to take into account empirical results on how these brain regions are involved in other cognitive processes. The present Special Issue, as well as the workshop held in Leipzig, are intended as a platform for presenting models of the functionality of Broca's area and ventrolateral premotor cortex that originate from the domains of language or action perception, and – most importantly – …
Impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on the incidence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients with human BK polyomavirus viremia.

BACKGROUND
Up to 20% of renal transplant recipients (RTR) will develop human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) viremia. BKPyV viremia is a pre-requisite of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN). Risk of BKPyV infections increases with immunosuppression. Currently, the only effective therapy against PyVAN is reductions in immunosuppression, but this may increase the risk of rejection. In vitro data have shown that pravastatin dramatically decreased caveolin-1 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEC) and suppressed BKPyV infection in these cells. Based on these data, we postulated that statin therapy may prevent the progression of BKPyV viremia to PyVAN.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in adult RTR transplanted between July 2005 and March 2012. All patients with documented BKPyV viremia (viral load >500 copies/mL on 2 consecutive tests) were included. Group I consisted of patients taking a statin before the BKPyV viremia diagnosis (n = 32), and Group II had no statin exposure before or after the BKPyV viremia diagnosis (n = 36). The primary endpoint was the incidence of PyVAN.


RESULTS
Demographic data, transplant characteristics, and the degree of immunosuppression (i.e., induction/maintenance therapies, rejection treatment) were similar between the groups, with the exception of more diabetics in Group I. The incidence of PyVAN was comparable between the 2 groups (Group I = 28.1% vs. Group II = 41.7%; P = 0.312).


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the proven in vitro effectiveness of pravastatin preventing BKPyV infection in HRPTEC, statins at doses maximized for cholesterol lowering, in RTR with BKPyV viremia, did not prevent progression to PyVAN.