LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Hippotherapy on Body Balance in the Sitting Position Among Children with Cerebral Palsy.

BACKGROUND
Cerebrally palsied children demonstrated limited independence while performing various activities of daily living, which is due to disorders of postural control. The best solution to improve postural control is the use of therapies that simultaneously focus on the sense of balance and motor skills. Such possibilities for patients with cerebral palsy are offered, for example, by hippotherapy.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the influence of hippotherapy on body balance in the sitting position among children with cerebral palsy.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study enrolled thirty-nine children aged 6-12 years with GMFCS level 1 or 2 spastic diplegia or spastic hemiplegia. The participants were divided into an intervention group (n=19) and a control group (n=20). Children from the intervention group attended 30 minutes of hippotherapy once weekly for 12 consecutive weeks. The Sitting Assessment Scale (SAS) was used to assess the patients' posture and balance.


RESULTS
Some children improved their posture and balance during the study. Generally, control of trunk and head position and function of arms were getting better, while footwork was the weakest.


CONCLUSION
Hippotherapy has positive effects on the position and function of individual parts of the body, thus making it possible for cerebrally palsied children to improve posture and the ability to maintain balance in the sitting position.
Treatment of depression in primary care. Socio-economic status, clinical need and receipt of treatment.

BACKGROUND
Depression is prevalent, costly and often undertreated.


AIMS
To test the hypothesis that people with low socio-economic status are least likely to receive and adhere to evidence-based treatments for depression, after controlling for clinical need.


METHOD
Individuals with an ICD-10 depressive episode in the past 12 months (n=866) were recruited from 7271 attendees in 36 general practices in England and Wales. Depressive episodes were identified using the 12-month Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Treatment receipt and adherence were assessed by structured interview, and rated using evidence-based criteria.


RESULTS
We identified 332 individuals (38.3%) who received and adhered to evidence-based treatment. There were few socio-economic differences in treatment allocation. Although those without educational qualifications were least likely to receive psychological treatments (OR = 0.55,95% CI 0.34-0.89, P = 0.02), this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for depression severity.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no evidence of inverse care in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in primary care in England and Wales.
Modeling and control of a tilt tri-rotor airplane

A helicopter offers the capability of hover, slow forward displacement, vertical take-off and landing while a conventional airplane has the performance of fast forward movement, long reach and superior endurance. The aim of this paper is to present the modelling and control of a tilt tri-rotor UAV's configuration that combines the advantages of both rotary wing and fixed wing vehicle.
Results of the Southwest Oncology Group phase II evaluation (study S0031) of ZD1839 for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.

STUDY TYPE
Prognosis (inception cohort).


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
1b.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agent ZD1839 in patients who failed one previous chemotherapeutic regimen for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and to correlate patterns of response with the expression of EGFR.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-one patients with metastatic TCC of the urothelial tract were treated with ZD1839 500 mg oral daily. Patients were required to have a pretreatment biopsy to assess EGF expression.


RESULTS
The median progression-free survival was 2 months, with only two patients (6.5%) surviving past 6 months with no disease progression. Thirty patients were evaluable for toxicity; there was grade 4 cerebrovascular ischaemia and an increase in creatinine level. All patients were evaluable for response, with one confirmed partial response (3%; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0-17%) in a patient with pulmonary metastases. All patients have died, and the estimated median (95% CI) survival is 3 (2-7) months.


CONCLUSIONS
ZD1839 is ineffective as a second-line agent for urothelial carcinoma.
Effects of a home-based exercise program on quality of life, fatigue, and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based exercise program (HEP) on quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Forty-three patients with AS were included in this study. Group 1 was given a HEP; Group 2 served as the control group. The functional capacity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Assessment Index), fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory scores), and QOL (Short Form 36) of all participants were evaluated. There were significant improvements for all the parameters in two groups after the treatment. The improvements for all the parameters were better in the exercise group than in the control group. Home-based exercise programs are very effective in improving QOL and reducing fatigue. Because of these advantages, HEP should be advised for the management program in AS in addition to medical treatments.
Outer Product-based Neural Collaborative Filtering

In this work, we contribute a new multi-layer neural network architecture named ONCF to perform collaborative filtering. The idea is to use an outer product to explicitly model the pairwise correlations between the dimensions of the embedding space. In contrast to existing neural recommender models that combine user embedding and item embedding via a simple concatenation or element-wise product, our proposal of using outer product above the embedding layer results in a two-dimensional interaction map that is more expressive and semantically plausible. Above the interaction map obtained by outer product, we propose to employ a convolutional neural network to learn high-order correlations among embedding dimensions. Extensive experiments on two public implicit feedback data demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed ONCF framework, in particular, the positive effect of using outer product to model the correlations between embedding dimensions in the low level of multi-layer neural recommender model. 1
Theoretical investigation of magnetoelectric behavior in BiFeO

The magnetoelectric behavior of BiFeO3 has been explored on the basis of accurate density functional calculations. We are able to predict structural, electronic, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 correctly without including any strong correlation effect in the calculation. Unlike earlier calculations, the equilibrium structural parameters are found to be in very good agreement with the experimental findings. In particular, the present calculation correctly reproduced experimentally observed elongation of cubic perovskitelike lattice along the 111 direction. At high pressure we predicted a pressure-induced structural transition from rhombohedral R3c to an orthorhombic Pnma structure. The total-energy calculations at expanded lattice show two lower energy ferroelectric phases with monoclinic Cm and tetragonal P4mm structures , closer in energy to the ground-state phase. Spin-polarized band-structure calculations show that BiFeO3 will be an insulator in Aand G-type antiferromagnetic phases and a metal in C-type antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic configurations, and in the nonmagnetic state. Chemical bonding in BiFeO3 has been analyzed using partial density of states, charge density, charge transfer, electron localization function, Born-effective-charge tensor, and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population analyses. Our electron localization function analysis shows that stereochemically active lone-pair electrons are present at the Bi sites which are responsible for displacements of the Bi atoms from the centrosymmetric to the noncentrosymmetric structure and hence the ferroelectricity. A large ferroelectric polarization of 88.7 C/cm2 is predicted in accordance with recent experimental findings, but differing by an order of magnitude from earlier experimental values. The strong spontaneous polarization is related to the large values of the Born-effective charges at the Bi sites along with their large displacement along the 111 direction of the cubic perovskite-type reference structure. Our polarization analysis shows that partial contributions to polarization from the Fe and O atoms almost cancel each other and the net polarization present in BiFeO3 mainly 98% originates from Bi atoms. We found that the large scatter in experimentally reported polarization values in BiFeO3 is associated with the large anisotropy in the spontaneous polarization.
Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources

The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. However, about 97% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans, and a tiny 3% is fresh water. This small percentage of the earth’s water—which supplies most of human and animal needs—exists in ground water, lakes and rivers. The only nearly inexhaustible sources of water are the oceans, which, however, are of high salinity. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to employ environmentally-friendly energy sources in order to desalinate seawater. After a historical introduction into desalination, this paper covers a large variety of systems used to convert seawater into fresh water suitable for human use. It also covers a variety of systems, which can be used to harness renewable energy sources; these include solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds and geothermal energy. Both direct and indirect collection systems are included. The representative example of direct collection systems is the solar still. Indirect collection systems employ two subsystems; one for the collection of renewable energy and one for desalination. For this purpose, standard renewable energy and desalination systems are most often employed. Only industrially-tested desalination systems are included in this paper and they comprise the phase change processes, which include the multistage flash, multiple effect boiling and vapour compression and membrane processes, which include reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. The paper also includes a review of various systems that use renewable energy sources for desalination. Finally, some general guidelines are given for selection of desalination and renewable energy systems and the parameters that need to be considered. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of school-based kindergarten transition policies and practices on child academic outcomes.

This study examined the effect of school-based kindergarten transition policies and practices on child outcomes. The authors followed 17,212 children from 992 schools in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten sample (ECLS-K) across the kindergarten school year. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that the number of school-based transition practices in the fall of kindergarten was associated with more positive academic achievement scores at the end of kindergarten, even controlling for family socioeconomic status (SES) and other demographic factors. This effect was stronger for low- and middle-SES children than high-SES children. For low-SES children, 7 transition practices were associated with a .21 standard deviation increase in predicted achievement scores beyond 0 practices. The effect of transition practices was partially mediated by an intervening effect on parent-initiated involvement in school during the kindergarten year. The findings support education policies to target kindergarten transition efforts to increase parent involvement in low-SES families.
A Neural Compiler

This paper describes a neural compiler. The input of the compiler is a PASCAL Program. The compiler produces a neural network that computes what is specified by the PASCAL program. The compiler generates an intermediate code called cellular code.
American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE
To develop a guideline for the use of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in early stage breast cancer.


METHODS
An American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Expert Panel conducted a systematic review of the literature available through February 2004 on the use of SNB in early-stage breast cancer. The panel developed a guideline for clinicians and patients regarding the appropriate use of a sentinel lymph node identification and sampling procedure from hereon referred to as SNB. The guideline was reviewed by selected experts in the field and the ASCO Health Services Committee and was approved by the ASCO Board of Directors.


RESULTS
The literature review identified one published prospective randomized controlled trial in which SNB was compared with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), four limited meta-analyses, and 69 published single-institution and multicenter trials in which the test performance of SNB was evaluated with respect to the results of ALND (completion axillary dissection). There are currently no data on the effect of SLN biopsy on long-term survival of patients with breast cancer. However, a review of the available evidence demonstrates that, when performed by experienced clinicians, SNB appears to be a safe and acceptably accurate method for identifying early-stage breast cancer without involvement of the axillary lymph nodes.


CONCLUSION
SNB is an appropriate initial alternative to routine staging ALND for patients with early-stage breast cancer with clinically negative axillary nodes. Completion ALND remains standard treatment for patients with axillary metastases identified on SNB. Appropriately identified patients with negative results of SNB, when done under the direction of an experienced surgeon, need not have completion ALND. Isolated cancer cells detected by pathologic examination of the SLN with use of specialized techniques are currently of unknown clinical significance. Although such specialized techniques are often used, they are not a required part of SLN evaluation for breast cancer at this time. Data suggest that SNB is associated with less morbidity than ALND, but the comparative effects of these two approaches on tumor recurrence or patient survival are unknown.
The politics of mediating global economic change: Linking the local and the international in Western Europe

Abstract More attention has been paid in the literature to the conceptual than to the methodological issues associated with incorporating the importance of the larger political economy into the politics of urban economic change. The empirical analysis combines an interurban analysis with comparative case studies to link political and economic contexts and changes and their interactions at and between scales. This facilitates a better understanding of the lack of improvement in the prosperity of western Europe's poorest metropolitan regions between the mid 1980s and mid 1990s, despite active efforts by some of these poorer cities to secure public and private funds for economic development in an attempt to mediate the adverse impacts of increased European integration.
Short communication: Genotypic and phenotypic identification of environmental streptococci and association of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis with intramammary infections among different dairy farms.

Lactococcus species are counted among a large and closely related group of environmental streptococci and streptococci-like bacteria that include bovine mastitis pathogenic Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Aerococcus species. Phenotypic and biochemical identification methods can be inaccurate and unreliable for species within this group, particularly for Lactococcus spp. As a result, the incidence of Lactococcus spp. on the farm may have been historically underreported and consequently little is known about the clinical importance of this genus as a mastitis pathogen. We used molecular genetic identification methods to accurately differentiate 60 environmental streptococci and streptococci-like bacteria isolated from cows with high somatic cell count and chronic intramammary infection (IMI; >2 somatic cell scores above 4) among 5 geographically distinct farms in New York and Minnesota that exhibited an observed increase in IMI. These isolates were phenotypically identified as Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus spp. Genetic methods identified 42 isolates (70%) as Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, including all 10 isolates originally phenotypically identified as Streptococcus uberis. Antibiotic inhibition testing of all Lc. lactis ssp. lactis showed that 7 isolates were resistant to tetracycline. In the present study, a predominance of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis was identified in association with chronic, clinical bovine IMI among all 5 farms and characterized antimicrobial resistance for treatment therapies. Routine use by mastitis testing labs of molecular identification methods for environmental streptococci and streptococci-like bacteria can further define the role and prevalence of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis in association with bovine IMI and may lead to more targeted therapies.
How e-CRM can enhance customer loyalty

Internet-based companies need to remain competitive. One way of improving competitive advantage is to attract more customers and increase customer retention; for example, by developing long-term, secure relationships between the buyers and sellers. Little empirical research has been conducted on the link between customer relationship management and customer loyalty within an Internet, or e-commerce, context. This study provides evidence of how to improve planning for customer management by presenting and testing a conceptual model of the process by which the implementation of electronic relationship marketing (e-CRM), can enhance loyalty. While building the research framework, price sensitivity was found to be a primary confounding element on loyalty and was included in the study for control. An exploratory study of Internet retailers, e-retailers, and their customers was conducted and the findings revealed that e-retail companies (with CD, DVD, video and book products) should consider customers’ perceptions of relationship marketing efforts, as they are fundamental to enhancing customer loyalty and that an enhancement of customer loyalty reduces price sensitivity. advantage’’ alone and that `̀ Internet technology provides better opportunities for companies to establish distinctive strategy positioning’’ and `̀ gaining such a competitive advantage [will] not require a radically new approach to business’’. Porter’s study is not conclusive, however, with respect to the extent of the continued applicability of traditional strategies in the virtual marketplace, nor does it propose a matrix by which to measure the appropriateness of `̀ old’’ against `̀ new’’ business rules. Besides, any competitive advantage from increased efficiency through reduced internal costs is likely to be shortlived as other firms join in the e-commerce fray. As the market for consumer goods sold over the Internet grows from an estimated £5.2 billion in 1998, to an estimated £72 billion in 2003 (Forrester Research, 1998), there is a need to understand how to tap into this virtual marketplace successfully.
Behavioral and Psychosocial Health of New Mothers and Associations With Contextual Factors and Perceived Health.

OBJECTIVE
To test the association of behavioral and psychosocial health domains with contextual variables and perceived health in ethnically and economically diverse postpartum women.


DESIGN
Mail survey of a stratified random sample.


SETTING
Southwestern community in Texas.


PARTICIPANTS
Non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic women (N = 168).


METHODS
A questionnaire was sent to a sample of 600 women. The adjusted response rate was 32.8%. The questionnaire covered behavioral (diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use) and psychosocial (depression symptoms and body image) health, contextual variables (race/ethnicity, income, perceived stress, and social support), and perceived health. Hypotheses were tested using linear and logistic regression.


RESULTS
Body image, dietary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and depression symptoms were all significantly correlated (Spearman ρ = -.15 to .47). Higher income was associated with increased odds of higher alcohol use (more than 1 drink on 1 to 4 days in a 14-day period). African American ethnicity was correlated with less healthy dietary behaviors and Hispanic ethnicity with less physical activity. In multivariable regressions, perceived stress was associated with less healthy dietary behaviors, increased odds of depression, and decreased odds of higher alcohol use, whereas social support was associated with less body image dissatisfaction, more physical activity, and decreased odds of depression. All behavioral and psychosocial domains were significantly correlated with perceived health, with higher alcohol use related to more favorable perceived health. In regressions analyses, perceived stress was a significant contextual predictor of perceived health.


CONCLUSION
Stress and social support had more consistent relationships to behavioral and psychosocial variables than race/ethnicity and income level.
Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage --- report on a randomized treatment study. IV-B. Regulated bed rest --- statistical evaluation.

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