LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 multiferroic core–shell-type nanostructures

Abstract Novel multiferroic nanostructures of cobalt ferrite–barium titanate were synthesized by a two-step wet chemical procedure, combining co-precipitation and sol–gel techniques. The fraction of cobalt ferrite in the nanostructures was varied from 20 to 60 wt.%. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of both the spinel and the perovskite phases, with average crystallite sizes in the range of 15–28 nm. Both the degree of tetragonality of barium titanate and the lattice parameter of cobalt ferrite significantly increased with the content of ferrite in the nanostructures, revealing a crystallographic distortion related to the shell thickness. Transmission electron microscopy data showed two-phase composite nanostructures consisting of a cobalt ferrite core surrounded by a barium titanate shell-like coating. Magnetization data showed expected ferromagnetic behavior. The multiferroic nanostructures are proposed as building blocks for higher-order multiferroic inorganic and hybrid inorganic–organic nanocomposites.
Genome editing comes of age

Genome editing harnesses programmable nucleases to cut and paste genetic information in a targeted manner in living cells and organisms. Here, I review the development of programmable nucleases, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), TAL (transcription-activator-like) effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR (cluster of regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)–Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) RNA-guided endonucleases (RGENs). I specifically highlight the key advances that set the foundation for the rapid and widespread implementation of CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing approaches that has revolutionized the field.
Four-year follow-up of combined surgical therapy of advanced peri-implantitis evaluating two methods of surface decontamination.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the impact of two surface decontamination methods on the long-term outcomes following combined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri-implantitis lesions.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventeen patients (n = 17 combined supra- and intrabony-defects) completed the 48 months follow-up observation following access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal and implantoplasty at bucally and supracrestally exposed implant parts. The remaining unmodified implant surface areas were randomly treated using either (i) an Er:YAG laser (ERL), or (ii) plastic curets + cotton pellets + sterile saline (CPS), and augmented with a natural bone mineral + collagen membrane.


RESULTS
At 48 months, CPS-treated sites tended to reveal higher reductions in mean BOP (CPS: 85.2 ± 16.4% versus ERL: 71.6 ± 24.9%) and CAL values (CPS: 1.5 ± 2.0 mm versus ERL: 1.2 ± 2.0 mm) when compared with the ERL group. In both groups, clinical outcomes were not directly influenced by the initial defect configuration.


CONCLUSION
The 4-year clinical outcomes obtained following combined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri-implantitis were not influenced by the method of surface decontamination.
Indirect feedback compensation of CMOS op-amps

This paper presents the design of CMOS op-amps using indirect feedback compensation technique. The indirect feedback compensation results in much faster and low power op-amps, significant reduction in the layout size and better power supply noise rejection
Implementation of the British Thoracic Society recommendations for organising the care of patients with lung cancer: the surgeon's perspective.

BACKGROUND
The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recognises that it is of paramount importance to ensure that all patients with a working diagnosis of lung cancer have access to first class care [The Lung Cancer Working Party of the British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. BTS recommendations to respiratory physicians for organising the care of patients with lung cancer. Thorax 1998; 53 (Suppl 1): S1-81.


METHODS
A retrospective audit of the time involved in the management of patients with lung cancer referred for consideration of surgery at the Royal Brompton Hospital was carried out. Our performance was compared with the BTS recommendations.


RESULTS
The notes from 194 patients were analysed, accounting for 93.7% of patients referred with lung cancer in a 1-year period. A total of 90 patients fulfilled the criteria for analysis as they had potentially resectable disease at referral; 59 (65.5%) underwent thoracotomy, and 31 (34.5%) were considered inoperable. The median interval between the onset of symptoms and their first chest radiograph was 39 days, and between the onset of symptoms and referral to a surgeon by a chest physician was 112 days. The median interval between referral by a respiratory physician and surgical out-patient attendance was 14 days, and between referral by a respiratory physician and the surgical procedure was 32.5 days. The median length of time from surgical out-patient attendance to the surgical procedure was 17 days. There was no association between the interval between the onset of symptoms and the surgical procedure with advanced tumour stage at surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
There are a number of sources of delay in the referral process for a patient with potentially resectable lung cancer. Most patients referred to our unit were treated within the time scale recommended by the BTS. Our survey has shown that there are cumulative delays in the overall investigation and management of lung cancer patients, which are not covered by the BTS guidelines, and which result in unacceptable delays for most patients.
Sexual Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION
The role of sexual activity (SA) on prostate cancer (PCa) risk is still controversial.


AIM
To determine the associations among number of female sexual partners, age at first intercourse, ejaculation frequency (EF), and the risk of PCa.


METHODS
A systematic literature search on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to identify the relevant studies published before April 2018. We calculated the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI to determine the association between SA and PCa risk. A 2-stage dose-response meta-analysis was performed to explore the trend from the correlated log OR estimates.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Outcome measures included characteristics of included studies, associations among number of female sexual partners, age at first intercourse, as well as EF and PCa risk.


RESULTS
A total of 21 case-control studies and 1 cohort study with 55,490 participants (14,976 patients and 40,514 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Linear and significant dose-response associations were found among number of female sexual partner as well as age at first intercourse and PCa risk, an increment of 10 female sexual partners associated with a 1.10-fold increase of PCa risk (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21), and the risk of PCa was decreased by 4% for every 5-year delay in age at first intercourse (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). Although no linear association was observed between EF and the risk of PCa, moderate EF (2-4 times per week) was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCa (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96).


CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Modification of SA factors would appear to be a useful low-risk approach to decreasing the risk of PCa.


STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS
This is the first dose-response meta-analysis performed to describe the association between SA and PCa risk. However, the direction of causality between SA and risk of PCa should be interpreted with caution because most included studies used case-control design.


CONCLUSION
Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated that men with fewer sexual partner numbers, older age at first intercourse, and moderate frequent ejaculation were associated with a significantly decreased risk of PCa. Jian Z, Ye D, Chen Y, et al. Sexual Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2018;15:1300-1309.
Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being

This paper investigates whether individuals feel worse off when others around them earn more. In other words, do people care about relative position and does “lagging behind the Joneses” diminish well-being? To answer this question, I match individual-level data containing various indicators of well-being to information about local average earnings. I find that, controlling for an individual’s own income, higher earnings of neighbors are associated with lower levels of self-reported happiness. The data’s panel nature and rich set of measures of well-being and behavior indicate that this association is not driven by selection or by changes in the way people define happiness. There is suggestive evidence that the negative effect of increases in neighbors’ earnings on own well-being is most likely caused by interpersonal preferences, that is, people having utility functions that depend on relative consumption in addition to absolute consumption. JEL classification: D6, H0, J0.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the ability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma measures to discriminate early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) (defined by clinical criteria and presence/absence of brain amyloid) from nondemented aging and to assess whether these biomarkers can predict future dementia in cognitively normal individuals.


DESIGN
Evaluation of CSF beta-amyloid(40) (Abeta(40)), Abeta(42), tau, phosphorylated tau(181), and plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) and longitudinal clinical follow-up (from 1 to 8 years).


SETTING
Longitudinal studies of healthy aging and dementia through an AD research center.


PARTICIPANTS
Community-dwelling volunteers (n = 139) aged 60 to 91 years and clinically judged as cognitively normal (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR], 0) or having very mild (CDR, 0.5) or mild (CDR, 1) AD dementia.


RESULTS
Individuals with very mild or mild AD have reduced mean levels of CSF Abeta(42) and increased levels of CSF tau and phosphorylated tau(181). Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta(42) level completely corresponds with the presence or absence of brain amyloid (imaged with Pittsburgh Compound B) in demented and nondemented individuals. The CSF tau/Abeta(42) ratio (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-17.22) and phosphorylated tau(181)/Abeta(42) ratio (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-11.86) predict conversion from a CDR of 0 to a CDR greater than 0.


CONCLUSIONS
The very mildest symptomatic stage of AD exhibits the same CSF biomarker phenotype as more advanced AD. In addition, levels of CSF Abeta(42), when combined with amyloid imaging, augment clinical methods for identifying in individuals with brain amyloid deposits whether dementia is present or not. Importantly, CSF tau/Abeta(42) ratios show strong promise as antecedent (preclinical) biomarkers that predict future dementia in cognitively normal older adults.
The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation.

AIM
Using scanning electron and light microscopy, this study qualitatively evaluated the erosive potential of carbonated cola beverages as well as sports and high-energy drinks on enamel surface substrate.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade sports drink, Red Bull high-energy drink, and tap water (control). Extracted human permanent molars free of hypocalcification and/or caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and sectioned longitudinally from the buccal to the lingual surface. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin, leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. Following finishing and polishing of all surfaces, one side was covered with red nail varnish while the remaining side was exposed to individual beverage immersion for 14 days, 24 hours per day, at 37 degrees C. The specimens were evaluated for enamel surface changes using scanning electron and light microscopy.


RESULTS
Enamel specimens exhibited visual surface changes following immersion in the test beverages with Red Bull and Gatorade revealing the most striking surface morphological changes. Specimens subjected to Coca Cola Classic and Diet Coke immersion also displayed irregular post-treatment surface morphology.


CONCLUSIONS
As verified by microscopic evaluation, all test beverages displayed enamel dissolution in the following order: Red Bull>Gatorade>Coca-Cola Classic>Diet Coke.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in addition to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of the interim analysis of 16‐week double‐blind treatment period

INTRODUCTION
Dapagliflozin treatment when added to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes remains to be evaluated.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate efficacy (at 16 weeks) and long-term safety (at 52 weeks) of dapagliflozin in addition to insulin therapy. The interim analysis was carried out at week 16 to assess the efficacy and safety profiles. The patients receiving insulin (n = 182) were randomized to either dapagliflozin 5 mg or a placebo at a 2:1 ratio. The primary efficacy end-point was the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline at week 16.


RESULTS
Patients in the dapagliflozin group showed an adjusted decrease in HbA1c of -0.55% from baseline, whereas the placebo showed a marginal increase of 0.05%. The placebo-corrected mean change of HbA1c from baseline to week 16 in dapagliflozin was -0.60% (P < 0.0001). In addition, the placebo-corrected mean change of fasting plasma glucose and bodyweight from baseline to week 16 in the dapagliflozin group was -22.7 mg/dL (P < 0.0001) and -1.21 kg (P < 0.0001), respectively. The placebo-corrected mean daily insulin dose in the dapagliflozin group was numerically decreased (treatment difference: -0.72 IU/day; P = 0.0743). No major episodes or discontinuations as a result of hypoglycemia were reported during the study period.


CONCLUSIONS
Dapagliflozin used as add-on treatment to insulin therapy showed significantly greater reduction of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and bodyweight without severe hypoglycemia compared with the placebo at week 16. These results show the clinical benefit of prescribing dapagliflozin for Japanese patients with insufficient glycemic control even with insulin therapy.
Simulation of fuzzy logic control for DC servo motor using Arduino based on MATLAB/Simulink

The most widely used control strategy in industry is proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The popularity of PID controllers can be attributed partly to their robust performance in a wide range of operating conditions and partly to their functional simplicity. One of the application is to control arm robot manipulator model by using DC servo motor as actuator. This paper presents design of PID controller of DC servo motor using automated PID tuning by sisotool for higher order system and implement to the Arduino Mega 2560 via potentiometer by using Simulink Support Package for Arduino Hardware in MATLAB/Simulink. A better design of controller using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed. Simulation results are demonstrated. Performance analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed Fuzzy logic controller as compared to the PID controller.
A Simple Proof for the Completeness of Floyd's Method

In [4], Csirmaz defined a semantics for programs, and proved the completeness of Floyd's method w.r.t, this semantics, generalizing the results in [2]. The semantics in [4] is the most natural generalization of the continuous traces semantics of [2]. The proof in [4] is rather deep and difficult, constructing counterexamples (models) for unprovable programs. Here we give a simple direct proof for this completeness result constructing the Floyd proofs themselves. The present proof is simpler than even the original proof in [2] which worked only for the special case of theories containing Peano arithmetic. The theorem in [4] turned out to be rather important in at least two branches of Nonstandard Dynamic Logic (NDL), namely in the 'lattice of program verification methods' and in the 'explicit representations of famous program verification methods' (see, e.g., [6, 7, 3, 1] or, for NDL in general, [5]). Thus, the rSle of the theorem in these areas motivated the quest for a simpler proof. We use the notation and definitions of [4], without recalling them, but we note the following. The intuitive meaning of the kind of semantics for programs introduced in [4] (called relational runs) has been elaborated and explained in [8, 9] in detail. Also, the connections with various famous program verification methods (in their original forms) like Floyd's, Burstall-Manna-Waldinger's, and Pnueli's are expounded there. Throughout, we work in usual classical first order logic (L), where ~ denotes semantical consequence and ~denotes provability (by any complete inference system for first-order logic). By the completeness theorem of first-order logic, we have that T ~ ~p holds if and only if T ~q~, for any theory T ~_ L and formula tp ~ L.
Upregulation of ginsenoside and gene expression related to triterpene biosynthesis in ginseng hairy root cultures elicited by methyl jasmonate

In this study, methyl jasmonate (MJ)-induced changes of triterpene saponins in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots and expression profiling of relevant responsive genes were analyzed. The transcription of PgSS (squalene synthase), PgSE (squalene epoxidase), and PNA (dammarenediol synthase-II) genes in hairy root cultures elicited by MJ treatment increased as compared with the controls, whereas that of PNX (cycloartenol synthase) decreased slightly. In order to select candidate genes encoding for cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase or glucosyltransferase associated with triterpene biosynthesis, RT-PCR analysis was conducted following MJ elicitation. No differences were observed in any expression among the five genes associated with the cytochrome P450 family, when compared to that of control. For candidates of the glucosyltransferase gene,expression of EST IDs PG07020C06, PG07025D04, and PG07029G02 was upregulated. In an effort to assess the effects of MJ elicitation on the biosynthesis of triterpene saponin, protopanaxadiol saponin (Rb group) and protopanaxatriol saponin (Rg group) contents in hairy roots were evaluated by HPLC analysis. With 7 days of MJ elicitation, levels of all ginseonsides of the two-groups increased much higher than that observed in the control. In particular, protopanaxadiol-type saponin contents increased by 5.5–9.7 times that of the control, whereas protopanaxatriol-type saponin contents were increased by 1.85–3.82-fold. In the case of Rg1 ginsenoside after MJ elicitation, the content was affected negatively in ginseng hairy root cultures.
An artificial neural networks approach on automobile pricing

The aim of this study is to find an automobile pricing model using artificial neural networks (ANN). As commonly known, pricing is a difficult matter for both automobile manufacturers and buyers/sellers. Developing a neural networks based on the technical properties of automobiles will allow both groups to price autos with great ease. However, in this study there are two basic assumptions. The first is that supply and demand are in equilibrium and they have no positive or negative effect on pricing. Alfred Marshall [Alfred Marshall. (1920). Principles of economics (Vol. 9). Macmillan] describes how the price and availability of goods and services are related to consumer demand in competitive markets in the Law of supply and demand. The second is that our data set represents the whole market since we will determine market prices of other automobiles according to the network that is trained by this dataset. Proposed novel model estimates prices of automobiles on a stable market from their technical and physical properties. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cryptography And Network Security Principles And Practices

The field of network and Internet security consists of measures to deter, prevent, detect, and correct security violations that involve the transmission of information. That is a broad statement that covers a host of possibilities. To give you a feel for the areas covered in this paper, consider the following examples of security violations: 1. User A transmits a file to user B. The file contains sensitive information (e.g., payroll records) that is to be protected from disclosure. User C, who is not authorized to read the file, is able to monitor the transmission and capture a copy of the file during its transmission.This book focuses on two broad areas: cryptographic algorithms and protocols, which have a broad range of applications; and network and Internet security, which rely heavily on cryptographic techniques. Cryptographic algorithms and protocols can be grouped into four main areas: • Symmetric encryption: Used to conceal the contents of blocks or streams of data of any size, including messages, files, encryption keys, and passwords. • Asymmetric encryption: Used to conceal small blocks of data, such as encryption keys and hash function values, which are used in digital signatures. • Data integrity algorithms: Used to protect blocks of data, such as messages, from alteration. • Authentication protocols: These are schemes based on the use of cryptographicalgorithms designed to authenticate the identity of entities. Computer and network security can be described as the protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/ data, and telecommunications).
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Food Hypersensitivity

Intestinal epithelial barrier plays a critical role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis by limiting the penetration of luminal bacteria and dietary allergens, yet allowing antigen sampling for the generation of tolerance. Undigested proteins normally do not gain access to the lamina propria due to physical exclusion by tight junctions at the cell-cell contact sites and intracellular degradation by lysosomal enzymes in enterocytes. An intriguing question then arises: how do macromolecular food antigens cross the epithelial barrier? This review discusses the epithelial barrier dysfunction in sensitized intestine with special emphasis on the molecular mechanism of the enhanced transcytotic rates of allergens. The sensitization phase of allergy is characterized by antigen-induced cross-linking of IgE bound to high affinity FcεRI on mast cell surface, leading to anaphylactic responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that prior to mast cell activation, food allergens are transported in large quantity across the epithelium and are protected from lysosomal degradation by binding to cell surface IgE and low-affinity receptor CD23/FcεRII. Improved immunotherapies are currently under study including anti-IgE and anti-CD23 antibodies for the management of atopic disorders.