LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS ACCOMPANYING SEISMIC AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

New observations of magnetic, electric and electromagnetic field variations, possibly related to recent volcanic and seismic events, have been obtained on Mt. Unzen in Japan, Reunion Island in Indian Ocean, the Long Valley volcanic caldera in California, and for faults in China and Russia, California and several other locations. For volcanic events, contributions from different physical processes can be identified during the various eruption stages. Slow processes (weeks to months) include near-surface thermal demagnetization effects, piezomagnetic effects, and effects from rotation/displacement of magnetized material. Rapid processes (seconds to days) include piezomagnetic effects from instantaneous stress redistribution with explosive eruptions and electrokinetic effects from rupture of high pressure fluid compartments commonly encountered in volcanic regions. For seismic events, the observed coseismic offsets are instantaneous, provided care has been taken to ensure sensors are insensitive to seismic shaking and are in regions of low magnetic field gradient. Simple piezomagnetic dislocation models based on geodetically and seismically determined fault parameters generally match the observed signals in size and sign. Electrokinetic effects resulting from rupture of fluid filled compartments at hydrostatic to lithostatic pore pressures can generate transient signals in the frequency band 100 Hz to 0.01 Hz. However, large-scale fluid driven processes are not evident in near-field measurements in the epicentral region minutes to weeks before large earthquakes. The subset of ionospheric disturbances generated by trapped atmospheric pressure waves (also termed gravity waves and/or acoustic waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances or TID’s) that are excited by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common and propagate to great distances. These are known and expected consequences of earthquakes, volcanic explosions (and other atmospheric disturbances), that must be identified and their effects removed from VLF/ULF electromagnetic field records before associating new observations of ionospheric disturbances with earthquake activity.
A genomewide association study of response to lithium for prevention of recurrence in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE
Lithium remains a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, but the mechanisms by which it prevents the recurrence of mood episodes are not known. The authors utilized data from a genomewide association study to examine associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the outcome of lithium treatment in two cohorts of patients with bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder.


METHOD
The hazard for mood episode recurrence was examined among 1,177 patients with bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder, including 458 individuals treated with lithium carbonate or citrate, who were participants in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) cohort. SNPs showing the greatest evidence of association in Cox regression models were then examined for association with positive lithium response among 359 bipolar I or II disorder patients treated with lithium carbonate or citrate in a second cohort from the University College London.


RESULTS
The strongest association in the STEP-BD cohort (minimum p=5.5 x 10(-7)) was identified for a region on chromosome 10p15 (rs10795189). Of the regions showing suggestive evidence (p<5 x 10(-4)) of association with lithium response, five were further associated with positive lithium response in the University College London cohort, including SNPs in a region on chromosome 4q32 spanning a gene coding for the glutamate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionate (AMPA) receptor GRIA2.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple novel loci merit further examination for association with lithium response in bipolar disorder patients, including one region that spans the GRIA2 gene, for which expression has been shown to be regulated by lithium treatment.
Optimized Authentication Scheme for Web Application

In this paper, we propose an optimized mutual authentication scheme which can keep most password authentication benefits, meanwhile improve the security property by using encryption primitives. Our proposed scheme not only offers webmasters a reasonable secure client authentication, but also offers good user experience. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed authentication scheme can achieve the security requirements, and also resist the diverse possible attacks.
3 The Satisfaction With Life Scale Examining Construct Validity

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies of Statistics Netherlands Explanation of symbols. data not available * provisional gure ** revised provisional gure (but not dee nite) x publication prohibited (conn dential gure) – nil – (between two gures) inclusive 0 (0.0) less than half of unit concerned empty cell not applicable Due to rounding, some totals may not correspond with the sum of the separate gures. Summary This report describes the validity testing of a multi-item scale of global life satisfaction, namely the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). This scale has been proposed as an alternative to single-item life satisfaction measures. As expected, the scale has sufficient construct validity and consists of one underlying dimension. The SWLS is significantly related to an alternative global life satisfaction measure, which indicates convergent validity. However, this correlation is rather low, which raises the question whether the SWLS measures the same as the single-item life satisfaction measure. The correlation of the SWLS with an alternative well-being measure (i.e. mental health index) is lower than the correlation with global life satisfaction. This provides evidence of discriminant validity. Other aspects related to well-being, such as health and illness, also correlate significantly with the SWLS. This shows nomological validity. However, the SWLS also has a number of serious shortcomings. It suffers from data collection mode effects and the data show that a specific group of respondents misinterprets the scale. Furthermore, the SWLS and the single-item global life satisfaction are almost equally related to other aspects that predict well-being. Therefore, the SWLS has no clear added value as an alternative of the single-item life satisfaction. In conclusion, it is recommended that a single-item measure be used instead of the SWLS.
Conducted IEMI threats for commercial buildings

While most of the emphasis has been focused on the radiated threat represented by intentional electromagnetic interference, it is clear that the threat from conducted disturbances should not be neglected. Conducted threats include those that are produced by the cable coupling of radiated fields and from the direct injection of conducted disturbances into the wiring of a building. It is well known that in the majority of cases, cables provide the most efficient means of transporting potentially damaging energy into equipment. The first part of this paper describes how electrical disturbances can impact electronic equipment inside a building through the power and earthing circuits. Measured data are summarized to illustrate how electrical signals propagate through the power and earthing circuits from the outside to the inside and what levels of signals create problems with electronic equipment. With this understanding of the impact of transient waveforms on electronic equipment and how these disturbances can propagate throughout a building, calculations are then used to evaluate different types of conducted threats to buildings.
Enhancing Performance in a Persistent Object Store: Clustering Strategies in O2

We address the problem of clustering complex data on disk to minimize the number of I/O operations in data intensive applications. We rst focus on the problems related to the design and implementation of clustering strategies. We then propose a set of clustering strategies as well as an algorithm which implements them for the O 2 system.
Block-Sparse RPCA for Salient Motion Detection

Recent evaluation [2], [13] of representative background subtraction techniques demonstrated that there are still considerable challenges facing these methods. Challenges in realistic environment include illumination change causing complex intensity variation, background motions (trees, waves, etc.) whose magnitude can be greater than those of the foreground, poor image quality under low light, camouflage, etc. Existing methods often handle only part of these challenges; we address all these challenges in a unified framework which makes little specific assumption of the background. We regard the observed image sequence as being made up of the sum of a low-rank background matrix and a sparse outlier matrix and solve the decomposition using the Robust Principal Component Analysis method. Our contribution lies in dynamically estimating the support of the foreground regions via a motion saliency estimation step, so as to impose spatial coherence on these regions. Unlike smoothness constraint such as MRF, our method is able to obtain crisply defined foreground regions, and in general, handles large dynamic background motion much better. Furthermore, we also introduce an image alignment step to handle camera jitter. Extensive experiments on benchmark and additional challenging data sets demonstrate that our method works effectively on a wide range of complex scenarios, resulting in best performance that significantly outperforms many state-of-the-art approaches.
Environmental Science The Way The World Works

Thank you very much for reading environmental science the way the world works. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this environmental science the way the world works, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.
Does Vascular Calcification Accelerate Inflammation?: A Substudy of the dal-PLAQUE Trial.

BACKGROUND
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition with calcification apparent late in the disease process. The extent and progression of coronary calcification predict cardiovascular events. Relatively little is known about noncoronary vascular calcification.


OBJECTIVES
This study investigated noncoronary vascular calcification and its influence on changes in vascular inflammation.


METHODS
A total of 130 participants in the dal-PLAQUE (Safety and efficacy of dalcetrapib on atherosclerotic disease using novel non-invasive multimodality imaging) study underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography at entry and at 6 months. Calcification of the ascending aorta, arch, carotid, and coronary arteries was quantified. Cardiovascular risk factors were related to arterial calcification. The influences of baseline calcification and drug therapy (dalcetrapib vs. placebo) on progression of calcification were determined. Finally, baseline calcification was related to changes in vascular inflammation.


RESULTS
Age >65 years old was consistently associated with higher baseline calcium scores. Arch calcification trended to progress more in those with calcification at baseline (p = 0.055). There were no significant differences between progression of vascular calcification with dalcetrapib compared to that with placebo. Average carotid target-to-background ratio indexes declined over 6 months if carotid calcium was absent (single hottest slice [p = 0.037], mean of maximum target-to-background ratio [p = 0.010], and mean most diseased segment [p < 0.001]), but did not significantly change if calcification was present at baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
Across multiple arterial regions, higher age is consistently associated with higher calcium scores. The presence of vascular calcification at baseline is associated with progressive calcification; in the carotid arteries, calcification appears to influence vascular inflammation. Dalcetrapib therapy did not affect vascular calcification.
The philosophy of science: Science and objectivity.

Theory and Observation Induction and Probability Popper and Mill Fallibility, Falsification and Coherence Revolutionary Change and Rationality Kuhn and his Rivals Relativism and the Value of Science The Sociology of Knowledge and Feminism Realism and Instrumentalism
Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer rise in September 2009

The Earth’s largest earthquakes and tsunamis are usually caused by thrust-faulting earthquakes on the shallow part of the subduction interface between two tectonic plates, where stored elastic energy due to convergence between the plates is rapidly released. The tsunami that devastated the Samoan and northern Tongan islands on 29 September 2009 was preceded by a globally recorded magnitude-8 normal-faulting earthquake in the outer-rise region, where the Pacific plate bends before entering the subduction zone. Preliminary interpretation suggested that this earthquake was the source of the tsunami. Here we show that the outer-rise earthquake was accompanied by a nearly simultaneous rupture of the shallow subduction interface, equivalent to a magnitude-8 earthquake, that also contributed significantly to the tsunami. The subduction interface event was probably a slow earthquake with a rise time of several minutes that triggered the outer-rise event several minutes later. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that the normal fault ruptured first and dynamically triggered the subduction interface event. Our evidence comes from displacements of Global Positioning System stations and modelling of tsunami waves recorded by ocean-bottom pressure sensors, with support from seismic data and tsunami field observations. Evidence of the subduction earthquake in global seismic data is largely hidden because of the earthquake’s slow rise time or because its ground motion is disguised by that of the normal-faulting event. Earthquake doublets where subduction interface events trigger large outer-rise earthquakes have been recorded previously, but this is the first well-documented example where the two events occur so closely in time and the triggering event might be a slow earthquake. As well as providing information on strain release mechanisms at subduction zones, earthquakes such as this provide a possible mechanism for the occasional large tsunamis generated at the Tonga subduction zone, where slip between the plates is predominantly aseismic.
Using the Situated Clinical Decision-Making framework to guide analysis of nurses' clinical decision-making.

Nurses' clinical decision-making is a complex process that holds potential to influence the quality of care provided and patient outcomes. The evolution of nurses' decision-making that occurs with experience has been well documented. In addition, literature includes numerous strategies and approaches purported to support development of nurses' clinical decision-making. There has been, however, significantly less attention given to the process of assessing nurses' clinical decision-making and novice clinical educators are often challenged with knowing how to best support nurses and nursing students in developing their clinical decision-making capacity. The Situated Clinical Decision-Making framework is presented for use by clinical educators: it provides a structured approach to analyzing nursing students' and novice nurses' decision-making in clinical nursing practice, assists educators in identifying specific issues within nurses' clinical decision-making, and guides selection of relevant strategies to support development of clinical decision-making. A series of questions is offered as a guide for clinical educators when assessing nurses' clinical decision-making. The discussion presents key considerations related to analysis of various decision-making components, including common sources of challenge and errors that may occur within nurses' clinical decision-making. An exemplar illustrates use of the framework and guiding questions. Implications of this approach for selection of strategies that support development of clinical decision-making are highlighted.
Continuous-variable quantum neural networks

We introduce a general method for building neural networks on quantum computers. The quantum neural network is a variational quantum circuit built in the continuous-variable (CV) architecture, which encodes quantum information in continuous degrees of freedom such as the amplitudes of the electromagnetic field. This circuit contains a layered structure of continuously parameterized gates which is universal for CV quantum computation. Affine transformations and nonlinear activation functions, two key elements in neural networks, are enacted in the quantum network using Gaussian and non-Gaussian gates, respectively. The non-Gaussian gates provide both the nonlinearity and the universality of the model. Due to the structure of the CV model, the CV quantum neural network can encode highly nonlinear transformations while remaining completely unitary. We show how a classical network can be embedded into the quantum formalism and propose quantum versions of various specialized model such as convolutional, recurrent, and residual networks. Finally, we present numerous modeling experiments built with the Strawberry Fields software library. These experiments, including a classifier for fraud detection, a network which generates Tetris images, and a hybrid classical-quantum autoencoder, demonstrate the capability and adaptability of CV quantum neural networks.
More rigorous protocol adherence to intensive structured management improves blood pressure control in primary care: results from the Valsartan Intensified Primary carE Reduction of Blood Pressure study

OBJECTIVE
To examine protocol adherence to structured intensive management in the Valsartan Intensified Primary carE Reduction of Blood Pressure (VIPER-BP) study involving 119 primary care clinics and 1562 randomized participants.


METHODS
Prospective criteria for assessing adherence to treatment prescription, uptitration, and visit attendance at 6, 10, 14, and 18 weeks postrandomization were applied to 1038 intervention participants. Protocol adherence scores of 1-5 (least to most adherent) were compared to blood pressure (BP) control during 26 weeks of follow-up.


RESULTS
Mean age was 59.3 ± 12.0 years, 963 (62%) were men, and 1045 (67%) had longstanding hypertension. Clinic attendance dropped from 91 (week 6) to 83% (week 26) and pharmacological instructions were followed for 93% (baseline) to 61% at week 14 (uptitration failures commonly representing protocol deviations). Overall, 26-week BP levels and BP target attainment ranged from 132 ± 14/79 ± 9 and 51% to 141 ± 15/83 ± 11  mmHg and 19% in those participants subject to the highest (n = 270, 26%) versus least (n = 148, 14%) per protocol adherence, respectively; adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.22 per unit protocol adherence score, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.31; for achieving BP target (P < 0.001). Participants with a per protocol score of 4 or 5 (512/1038, 49.3%) were 1.54-fold (95% CI 1.31-1.81; P < 0.001) more likely to achieve their individual BP target compared with usual care. Clinics equipped with a practice nurse significantly influenced protocol adherence (adjusted RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.37; P = 0.004) and individual BP control (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.41; P = 0.015).


CONCLUSION
There is considerable potential for structured care management to improve BP control in primary care, especially when optimally applied.
Secure Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Through Verifiable Information Flow Control

Modern cyber-physical systems are complex networked computing systems that electronically control physical systems. Autonomous road vehicles are an important and increasingly ubiquitous instance. Unfortunately, their increasing complexity often leads to security vulnerabilities. Network connectivity exposes these vulnerable systems to remote software attacks that can result in real-world physical damage, including vehicle crashes and loss of control authority. We introduce an integrated architecture to provide provable security and safety assurance for cyber-physical systems by ensuring that safety-critical operations and control cannot be unintentionally affected by potentially malicious parts of the system. Finegrained information flow control is used to design both hardware and software, determining how low-integrity information can affect high-integrity control decisions. This security assurance is used to improve end-to-end security across the entire cyber-physical system. We demonstrate this integrated approach by developing a mobile robotic testbed modeling a self-driving system and testing it with a malicious attack. ACM Reference Format: Jed Liu, Joe Corbett-Davies, Andrew Ferraiuolo, Alexander Ivanov, Mulong Luo, G. Edward Suh, Andrew C. Myers, and Mark Campbell. 2018. Secure Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Through Verifiable Information Flow Control. InWorkshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security & Privacy (CPS-SPC ’18), October 19, 2018, Toronto, ON, Canada. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3264888.3264889
Exploration versus Exploitation in Topic Driven Crawlers

The dynamic nature of the Web highlights the scalability limitations of universal search engines. Topic driven crawlers can address the problem by distributing the crawling process across users, queries, or even client computers. The context available to a topic driven crawler allows for informed decisions about how to prioritize the links to be visited. Here we focus on the balance between a crawler’s need to exploit this information to focus on the most promising links, and the need to explore links that appear suboptimal but might lead to more relevant pages. We investigate the issue for two different tasks: (i) seeking new relevant pages starting from a known relevant subset, and (ii) seeking relevant pages starting a few links away from the relevant subset. Using a framework and a number of quality metrics developed to evaluate topic driven crawling algorithms in a fair way, we find that a mix of exploitation and exploration is essential for both tasks, in spite of a penalty in the early stage of the crawl.
Indoor and outdoor people detection and shadow suppression by exploiting HSV color information

In this paper, a novel background model initiation and maintenance algorithm and shadow suppression scheme by exploiting HSV color information for indoor and outdoor people detection is proposed. In order to obtain the initial background scene, the frequency ratios of the RGB components values for each pixel at the same position in the learning sequence are respectively calculated; the RGB components values with the biggest ratios are incorporated to model the initial background scene. The background maintenance so called background re-initiation is also proposed to adapt to the scene changes, such as illumination changes and scene geometry changes. Moving cast shadows mostly exhibit a challenge for accurate moving targets detection. Based on the observation that a shadow cast on a background region lowers its brightness, but does not change its chromaticity significantly, we address this problem in the paper by exploiting HSV color information. The experimental results are given respectively and show the performance of our algorithm.