LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
TOPSIS Method for Supplier Selection Problem

Supplier selection, in real situation, is affected by several qualitative and quantitative factors and is one of the most important activities of purchasing department. Since at the time of evaluating suppliers against the criteria or factors, decision makers (DMS) do not have precise, exact and complete information, supplier selection becomes more difficult. In this case, Grey theory helps us to deal with this problem of uncertainty. Here, we apply Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate and select the best supplier by using interval fuzzy numbers. Through this article, we compare TOPSIS with some other approaches and afterward demonstrate that the concept of TOPSIS is very important for ranking and selecting right supplier. Keywords—TOPSIS, fuzzy number, MADM, Supplier selection
Moderate deviations for Markov chains with atom

We obtain in this paper moderate deviations for functional empirical processes of general state space valued Markov chains with atom under weak conditions: a tail condition on the 1rst time of return to the atom, and usual conditions on the class of functions. Our proofs rely on the regeneration method and sharp conditions issued of moderate deviations of independent random variables. We prove our result in the nonseparable case for additive and unbounded functionals of Markov chains, extending the work of de Acosta and Chen (J. Theoret. Probab. (1998) 75–110) and Wu (Ann. Probab. (1995) 420–445). One may regard it as the analog for the Markov chains of the beautiful characterization of moderate deviations for i.i.d. case of Ledoux 1992. Some applications to Markov chains with a countable state space are considered. c © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: primary 60F10
Moving object detection with moving background using optic flow

In recent scenario, video surveillance systems are important to monitor security sensitive areas such as banks, crowded public places and borders. Hence, Object detection in such video surveillance is an important task. Research work to detect an object with steady background is carried out and upto some extent it is easy but with moving background it is still challenging. Object detection is complicated as the camera motion and object motion are mixed. Motion vectors, represents flow of a moving object, are obtained using Lucas - kanade optical flow algorithm for moving object detection with complex background. These flow vectors are quantized using a predefined threshold to decide whether a pixel is a part of an object or a background. We have used bilateral filter as a pre-processing step due to which accurate and fast detection of the object is achieved.
Improving Multi-Step Prediction of Learned Time Series Models

Most typical statistical and machine learning approaches to time series modeling optimize a singlestep prediction error. In multiple-step simulation, the learned model is iteratively applied, feeding through the previous output as its new input. Any such predictor however, inevitably introduces errors, and these compounding errors change the input distribution for future prediction steps, breaking the train-test i.i.d assumption common in supervised learning. We present an approach that reuses training data to make a no-regret learner robust to errors made during multi-step prediction. Our insight is to formulate the problem as imitation learning; the training data serves as a “demonstrator” by providing corrections for the errors made during multi-step prediction. By this reduction of multistep time series prediction to imitation learning, we establish theoretically a strong performance guarantee on the relation between training error and the multi-step prediction error. We present experimental results of our method, DAD, and show significant improvement over the traditional approach in two notably different domains, dynamic system modeling and video texture prediction. Determining models for time series data is important in applications ranging from market prediction to the simulation of chemical processes and robotic systems. Many supervised learning approaches have been proposed for this task, such as neural networks (Narendra and Parthasarathy 1990), Expectation-Maximization (Ghahramani and Roweis 1999; Coates, Abbeel, and Ng 2008), Support Vector Regression (Müller, Smola, and Rätsch 1997), Gaussian process regression (Wang, Hertzmann, and Blei 2005; Ko et al. 2007), Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression (Basharat and Shah 2009), Gaussian mixture models (Khansari-Zadeh and Billard 2011), and Kernel PCA (Ralaivola and D’Alche-Buc 2004). Common to most of these methods is that the objective being optimized is the single-step prediction loss. However, this criterion does not guarantee accurate multiple-step simulation accuracy in which the output of a prediction step is used as input for the next inference. The prevalence of single-step modeling approaches is a result of the difficulty in directly optimizing the multipleCopyright c © 2015, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. step prediction error. As an example, consider fitting a simple linear dynamical system model for the multi-step error over the time horizon T from an initial condition x0,
Online video game addiction: identification of addicted adolescent gamers.

AIMS
To provide empirical data-driven identification of a group of addicted online gamers.


DESIGN
Repeated cross-sectional survey study, comprising a longitudinal cohort, conducted in 2008 and 2009.


SETTING
Secondary schools in the Netherlands.


PARTICIPANTS
  Two large samples of Dutch schoolchildren (aged 13-16 years).


MEASUREMENTS
Compulsive internet use scale, weekly hours of online gaming and psychosocial variables.


FINDINGS
This study confirms the existence of a small group of addicted online gamers (3%), representing about 1.5% of all children aged 13-16 years in the Netherlands. Although these gamers report addiction-like problems, relationships with decreased psychosocial health were less evident.


CONCLUSIONS
The identification of a small group of addicted online gamers supports efforts to develop and validate questionnaire scales aimed at measuring the phenomenon of online video game addiction. The findings contribute to the discussion on the inclusion of non-substance addictions in the proposed unified concept of 'Addiction and Related Disorders' for the DSM-V by providing indirect identification and validation of a group of suspected online video game addicts.
DNA Modification Study of Major Depressive Disorder: Beyond Locus-by-Locus Comparisons

BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits numerous clinical and molecular features that are consistent with putative epigenetic misregulation. Despite growing interest in epigenetic studies of psychiatric diseases, the methodologies guiding such studies have not been well defined.


METHODS
We performed DNA modification analysis in white blood cells from monozygotic twins discordant for MDD, in brain prefrontal cortex, and germline (sperm) samples from affected individuals and control subjects (total N = 304) using 8.1K CpG island microarrays and fine mapping. In addition to the traditional locus-by-locus comparisons, we explored the potential of new analytical approaches in epigenomic studies.


RESULTS
In the microarray experiment, we detected a number of nominally significant DNA modification differences in MDD and validated selected targets using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Some MDD epigenetic changes, however, overlapped across brain, blood, and sperm more often than expected by chance. We also demonstrated that stratification for disease severity and age may increase the statistical power of epimutation detection. Finally, a series of new analytical approaches, such as DNA modification networks and machine-learning algorithms using binary and quantitative depression phenotypes, provided additional insights on the epigenetic contributions to MDD.


CONCLUSIONS
Mapping epigenetic differences in MDD (and other psychiatric diseases) is a complex task. However, combining traditional and innovative analytical strategies may lead to identification of disease-specific etiopathogenic epimutations.
A Letter from Paris

THE LAST TWO SEASONS brought important innovations in the theatrical life of Paris. Bold accomplishments attracted attention in the realm of staging as well as in that of dramatic literature,at the same time as the structure and activity of the national theatres were modified by the new political regime. The Opera, the Comedie Francaise and the Odeon have in fact seen the beginning of a new stage in their long history.
Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Laboratory: An Introduction

This protocol describes regular care and maintenance of a zebrafish laboratory. Zebrafish are now gaining popularity in genetics, pharmacological and behavioural research. As a vertebrate, zebrafish share considerable genetic sequence similarity with humans and are being used as an animal model for various human disease conditions. The advantages of zebrafish in comparison to other common vertebrate models include high fecundity, low maintenance cost, transparent embryos, and rapid development. Due to the spur of interest in zebrafish research, the need to establish and maintain a productive zebrafish housing facility is also increasing. Although literature is available for the maintenance of a zebrafish laboratory, a concise video protocol is lacking. This video illustrates the protocol for regular housing, feeding, breeding and raising of zebrafish larvae. This process will help researchers to understand the natural behaviour and optimal conditions of zebrafish husbandry and hence troubleshoot experimental issues that originate from the fish husbandry conditions. This protocol will be of immense help to researchers planning to establish a zebrafish laboratory, and also to graduate students who are intending to use zebrafish as an animal model.
Energy titration strategies with the endoscopic ablation system: lessons from the high-dose vs. low-dose laser ablation study.

AIMS
To assess the effects of low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) ablation on acute and chronic success in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). While the concept of visually guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been established little is known on energy titration using laser ablation.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In 60 patients with AF, PVI using the endoscopic ablation system (EAS) was performed in two groups. Visually guided ablation was carried out after obtaining optimal tissue contact with 5.5-8.5 W in the LD group and with >8.5 W in the HD group. Acute PVI after a single visually guided circular lesion set was achieved in 89% (HD) and 69% (LD), respectively, (P = 0.0004). In 70 and 39% of patients all PVs were isolated after a single ablation circle in the HD and LD group, respectively, (P = 0.009). After gap ablation all PVs were isolated with the EAS. More energy was deployed (6483 ± 1834 vs. 5306 ± 2258 Ws; P ≤ 0.0001) with less applications (31.6 ± 8 vs. 35.2 ± 15 applications per PV; P = 0.03) leading to shorter procedure times (128 ± 17 vs. 154 ± 38 min; P = 0.001). During median follow-up of 311 days (261-346) recurrence rate was 17 and 40% in the HD and LD group, respectively. In both groups one phrenic nerve palsy was observed.


CONCLUSION
For the first time, it was demonstrated that high ablation power affects acute and chronic outcomes. High-dose laser balloon ablation allows for an acute PVI rate of 89% solely by visually guided circular ablation and is associated with a chronic success rate of 83% after a single procedure.
Interactive Machine Learning in Data Exploitation

The goal of interactive machine learning is to help scientists and engineers exploit more specialized data from within their deployed environment in less time, with greater accuracy and fewer costs. A basic introduction to the main components is provided here, untangling the many ideas that must be combined to produce practical interactive learning systems. This article also describes recent developments in machine learning that have significantly advanced the theoretical and practical foundations for the next generation of interactive tools.
Public perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment

Although financial losses from white-collar crime continue to exceed those of street crime, the criminal justice system has traditionally focused on the latter. Past research suggested that citizens are more likely to support punitive sanctions for street offenders than white-collar offenders. Recent corporate scandals have increased public awareness of white-collar crime, but whether public attitudes have been altered remains to be determined. Using a 2005 national sample of 402 telephone survey participants, the current study examined citizen perceptions of white-collar and street crime, as well as attitudes regarding apprehension and punishment. This research extended prior studies by also considering the influence of sociodemographic characteristics as well as perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment on the public's support for increasing resource allocation. Implications for future research and development of more effective white-collar crime control policy are discussed. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lost in transition--a review of qualitative literature of newly qualified Registered Nurses' experiences in their transition to practice journey.

The failure of newly qualified Registered Nurses to be appropriately transitioned into the new practice has been mentioned in numerous nursing literatures. Along with the need to decrease turnover rates, increase satisfaction rate of nurses and improve patient outcomes, nursing educators in Singapore are interested in the experiences of these nurses in their transition to practice journey. In this paper, the author attempts to critically review qualitative research conducted in that area to identify why nurses are leaving the profession and how nursing educators in Singapore can reduce stress and uncertainty in the newly qualified Registered Nurses during their transition to practice journey. In conducting a qualitative literature review, the author aims to explore interpretation of these nurses' subjective experiences and description of their social context, ultimately paying attention to lay knowledge as human behaviour is context specific rather than being represented in the quantitative form.
Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff.

AIM
This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lower back pain amongst a variety of Turkish hospital workers including nurses, physicians, physical therapists, technicians, secretaries and hospital aides.


BACKGROUND
Hospital workers experience more low back pain than many other groups, the incidence varies among countries. Work activities involving bending, twisting, frequent heavy lifting, awkward static posture and psychological stress are regarded as causal factors for many back injuries.


METHOD
A 44-item questionnaire was completed by 1600 employees in six hospitals associated with one Turkish university using a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected over nine months from December 2005 to August 2006 and analysed using Chi square and multivariate logistic regression techniques.


FINDINGS
Most respondents (65.8%) had experienced low back pain, with 61.3% reporting an occurrence within the last 12 months. The highest prevalence was reported by nurses (77.1%) and the lowest amongst secretaries (54.1%) and hospital aides (53.5%). In the majority of cases (78.3%), low back pain began after respondents started working in the hospital, 33.3% of respondents seeking medical care for 'moderate' low back pain while 53.8% (n = 143) had been diagnosed with a herniated lumbar disc. Age, female gender, smoking, occupation, perceived work stress and heavy lifting were statistically significant risk-factors when multivariate logistic regression techniques were conducted (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of lower back pain, such as arranging proper rest periods, educational programmes to teach the proper use of body mechanics and smoking cessation programmes.
Presence: concept, determinants, and measurement

The concept of presence, i.e. the sensation of ‘being there’ in a mediated environment, has received substantial attention from the virtual reality community, and is becoming increasingly relevant both to broadcasters and display developers. Although research into presence is still at an early stage of development, there is a consensus that presence has multiple determinants. To identify and test which parameters affect presence, a reliable, robust and valid means of measuring presence is required. In this paper, we describe the categories of factors thought to have an impact on presence. Furthermore, we present an overview of various approaches taken to measuring presence, which can be divided into two general categories: subjective measures and objective corrobor ative measures. Since presence is a subjective experience, the most direct way of assessment is through users’ subjective report. This approach has serious limitations however, and should be used judiciously. Objective measures, such as postural, physiological or social responses to media, can be used to corroborate subjective measures, thereby overcoming some of their limitations. At present, the most promising direction for presence measurement is to develop and use an aggregate measure of presence that is comprised of both ubjective and objective components, tailored to the specific medium under study.
Geopressures and Hydrodynamics in the Gulf Basin Tertiary

ABSTRACT Deep drilling in the Gulf Basin has revealed geopressures (overpressures) in Teritiary/Quaternary rocks. These geopressures appear to rise stratigraphically in a basinward direction coincident with the regional basinward sand/shale facies change within regressive depositional cycles so characteristic of Gulf Basin sedimentation. These geopressured rocks appear undercompacted for their depths which implies that Tertiary/Quaternary sedimentation rates in depocenters have exceeded the capacity of the rock system to discharge its connate water under overburden stress. Thus, the connate fluids have temporarily assumed part of the overburden load and geopressured the rocks with maximum pressure gradients approaching 1.0 psi/ft. This pressure system "leaks" via transition zones into overlying sediments which reveal a fluid pressure gradient of 0.465 psi/ft., still in hydrodynamic disequilibrium considering the low water salinities involved. A plot of Gulf Basin pressures reveals no rectilinear increase of "hydrostatic" pressure with depth. Instead, there are zones of unequal flow potential juxaposed across faults and within sand/shale cycles which exert a complex force field on all fluid migration. This suggests that the entire Gulf Basin is currently in a hydrodynamic state. Gulf Basin hydrodynamics have strategic consequences for hydrocarbon migration and trapping because the fluid force field can disrupt or reinforce fault traps and other seals. Field examples from Midland-Escerwood, Acadia Parish, Louisiana and Chocolate Bayou, Brazoria County, Texas illustrate how fluid pressure environments affect hydrocarbon distribution and trapping. Safe drilling practice requires that casing be set in the shale transition zone separating hydrostatic pressures from overpressures. Gulf Basin undercompacted sediments create physical anomalies which are useful for prediction and analysis or pressure distribution. These are classified as follows: Before Drilling: seismic analysis and pressure calculations from available logs. During Drilling: drilling penetration rates, mud flow line temperatures and cuttings density, among many other criteria.
Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

BACKGROUND
The influence of menopausal status on depressive symptoms is unclear in diverse ethnic groups. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in menopausal status and the risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and whether the relationship differed according to initial depressive symptom level.


METHODS
3302 African American, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and White women, aged 42-52 years at entry into the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a community-based, multisite longitudinal observational study, were evaluated annually from 1995 through 2002. Random effects multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between menopausal status and prevalence of low and high depressive symptom scores (CES-D <16 or > or =16) over 5 years.


RESULTS
At baseline, 23% of the sample had elevated CES-D scores. A woman was more likely to report CES-D > or =16 when she was early peri-, late peri-, postmenopausal or currently/formerly using hormone therapy (HT), relative to when she was premenopausal (OR range 1.30 to 1.71). Effects were somewhat stronger for women with low CES-D scores at baseline. Health and psychosocial factors increased the odds of having a high CES-D and in some cases, were more important than menopausal status.


LIMITATIONS
We used a measure of current depressive symptoms rather than a diagnosis of clinical depression. Thus, we can only make conclusions about symptoms current at annual assessments.


CONCLUSION
Most midlife women do not experience high depressive symptoms. Those that do are more likely to experience high depressive symptom levels when perimenopausal or postmenopausal than when premenopausal, independent of factors such as difficulty paying for basics, negative attitudes, poor perceived health, and stressful events.
Assessing the plastic surgery workforce: a template for the future of plastic surgery.

BACKGROUND
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) formed the Plastic Surgery Workforce Task Force to study the size of the plastic surgery workforce and make recommendations about future workforce needs. The ASPS member workforce survey and two supplementary surveys of plastic surgery academic chairs and senior residents were developed to gain insights on current and projected demand for plastic surgery procedures and to find out more about plastic surgeons' current daily practice patterns and plans for the future.


METHODS
The ASPS member workforce survey was mailed to 2500 randomly selected ASPS active members practicing in the United States, and a second mailing was sent to 388 unique members who practice in an academic setting; a total of 1256 surgeons responded (43.5 percent response rate). The survey of academic chairs was distributed to 103 attendees at the annual meeting of the Association of Academic Chairmen of Plastic Surgery, and 74 returned the survey (71.8 percent response rate). The survey of senior residents was e-mailed to 183 graduating residents, of whom 65 responded (35.5 percent response rate).


RESULTS
Useful demographic information regarding the current plastic surgery workforce was obtained from these surveys. In addition, insight into current trends in practice composition and procedural demand was gained.


CONCLUSIONS
The rapid growth of the U.S. population, combined with a significant number of plastic surgeons approaching retirement and an unchanged number of plastic surgery residency training positions, will lead to a discrepancy between the demand for plastic surgery procedures and the supply of appropriately trained physicians. Without an increase in the number of plastic surgeons trained each year, there will be a significant shortage in the next 10 to 15 years.