LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ambiguity Detection: Towards a Tool Explaining Ambiguity Sources

[Context and motivation] Natural language is the main representation means of industrial requirements documents, which implies that requirements documents are inherently ambiguous. There exist guidelines for ambiguity detection, such as the Ambiguity Handbook [1]. In order to detect ambiguities according to the existing guidelines, it is necessary to train analysts. [Question/problem] Although ambiguity detection guidelines were extensively discussed in literature, ambiguity detection has not been automated yet. Automation of ambiguity detection is one of the goals of the presented paper. More precisely, the approach and tool presented in this paper have three goals: (1) to automate ambiguity detection, (2) to make plausible for the analyst that ambiguities detected by the tool represent genuine problems of the analyzed document, and (3) to educate the analyst by explaining the sources of the detected ambiguities. [Principal ideas/results] The presented tool provides reliable ambiguity detection, in the sense that it detects four times as many genuine ambiguities as than an average human analyst. Furthermore, the tool offers high precision ambiguity detection and does not present too many false positives to the human analyst. [Contribution] The presented tool is able both to detect the ambiguities and to explain ambiguity sources. Thus, besides pure ambiguity detection, it can be used to educate analysts, too. Furthermore, it provides a significant potential for considerable time and cost savings and at the same time quality improvements in the industrial requirements engineering.
Chapter 2 Wireless Power Transfer ( WPT ) for Electric Vehicles ( EVs ) — Present and Future Trends

© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2015 S. Rajakaruna et al. (eds.), Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids, Power Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-299-9_2 Abstract 100 year old gasoline engine technology vehicles have now become one of the major contributors of greenhouse gases. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have been proposed to achieve environmental friendly transportation. Even though the PEV usage is currently increasing, a technology breakthrough would be required to overcome battery related drawbacks. Although battery technology is evolving, drawbacks inherited with batteries such as; cost, size, weight, slower charging characteristic and low energy density would still be dominating constrains for development of EVs. Furthermore, PEVs have not been accepted as preferred choice by many consumers due to charging related issues. To address battery related limitations, the concept of dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) enabled EVs have been proposed in which EV is being charged while it is in motion. WPT enabled infrastructure has to be employed to achieve dynamic EV charging concept. The weight of the battery pack can be reduced as the required energy storage is lower if the vehicle can be powered wirelessly while driving. Stationary WPT charging where EV is charged wirelessly when it is stopped, is simpler than dynamic WPT in terms of design complexity. However, stationary WPT does not increase vehicle range compared to wired-PEVs. State-of-art WPT technology for future transportation is discussed in this chapter. Analysis of the WPT system and its performance indices are introduced. Modelling the WPT system using different methods such as equivalent circuit theory, two port network theory and coupled mode theory is described illustrating their own merits in Sect. 2.3. Both stationary and dynamic WPT for EV applications are illustrated in Sect. 2.4. Design challenges and optimization directions are analysed in Sect. 2.5. Adaptive tuning techniques such as adaptive impedance matching and
The transorbital keyhole approach: early and long-term outcome analysis of approach-related morbidity and cosmetic results. Technical note.

OBJECT
In 2003 the authors introduced a minimally invasive transorbital keyhole approach. Because this approach requires removal of the orbital rim and orbital roof, there have been concerns regarding perioperative morbidity, long-term morbidity, and cosmetic results. The authors evaluated approach-related morbidity and cosmetic results in their patients to determine the rate of complications and compared this to published reports of similar approaches.


MATERIAL
Seventy-one patients (41 female, 30 male) underwent operations using this approach between 2004 and 2008. Immediate approach-related morbidity was recorded after the operation. Late morbidity was determined after 7 months by an independent examiner while cosmetic results were self-rated by the patient using a questionnaire.


RESULTS
Fifty-one (72%) of 71 patients had no postoperative complications and 12 (16.9%) had minor complications, the most common of which was subgaleal CSF collection (7.0%). Other minor complications included facial nerve palsy (2.8%), hyposphagma (2.8%), periorbital swelling due to periorbital hematoma (2.8%), and subdural hematoma (1.4%). Major complications requiring surgical revision occurred in 4 patients (5.6%); these were CSF fistulas in 2 patients, pneumocephalus in 1 patient, and a hematoma in 1 patient. Forty-nine (90.7%) of all 54 examined patients rated the cosmetic results as very good or good. Major long-term morbidity was hyposmia or anosmia (14 patients) followed by hypoesthesia around the scar (9 patients).


CONCLUSIONS
The transorbital keyhole approach is a feasible approach with a low-risk profile for postoperative or long-term morbidity and excellent cosmetic outcome.
SOLITONS IN A BILOCAL FIELD THEORY

We obtain a bilocal classical field theory as the large N limit of the chiral Gross-Neveu (or non-Abelian Thirring) model. Exact classical solutions that describe topological solitons are obtained. It is shown that their mass spectrum agrees with the large N limit of the spectrum of the chiral Gross-Neveu model.
Bio-Medical Sensing using Ultra Wideband Communications and Radar Technology: A Feasibility Study

The aim of this work is to study the application of ultra wideband (UWB) technology to perform biomedical sensing and vital signs monitoring in humans. Among the numerous signals that can be measured, the heart rate (HR) is chosen as the first objective due to its importance. The research is pointed towards the development of a technique that can allow both, radar sensing and communications using the same UWB transceiver. Such a sensor, could use UWB radar principles to measure the heart beat rate and UWB communication standards to transmit these measurements. Readily available commercial transceivers with minor adaptations will be considered as possible to solve for the physical layer. Signal processing for target detection will be done at higher levels. Having sensors with such "duo" properties can make them ideal nodes for wearable computing, as well as sensor and body area networks
Cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia: development of a cumulative scale.

To apply a Mokken Scale Procedure in developing a hierarchical cross-national scale to measure xenophobia, a pool of 30 xenophobia-related items was collected from several sources and modified using established unidimensional criteria. The survey was administered to 608 undergraduate students in the USA, 193 undergraduate students in The Netherlands, and 303 undergraduate students in Norway. 14 items measuring perceived threat or fear and meeting the criteria of the Stereotype Content Model were selected for further analysis. A separate item analysis and, subsequently, Mokken Scale Procedure yielded a cumulative scale with the same five items for each of the three samples. The items and the total scale met criteria for homogeneity in all samples with H > .40.
Управление муниципальным долгом (на примере г. Томска)

Ь the conditions of system of interbudgetary relations reforming in the Russian Federation and increase in requirement for extra means for realisation of investment projects on a management of municipalities lays down responsibility for efficiency of realisation of a debt policy. In this connection questions of standard-legal regulation of municipal loans and management of a municipal debt are extremely important.
The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs.

BACKGROUND
Estimates of the economic cost of risk factors for chronic disease to the NHS provide evidence for prioritization of resources for prevention and public health. Previous comparable estimates of the economic costs of poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and overweight/obesity were based on economic data from 1992-93.


METHODS
Diseases associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and overweight/obesity were identified. Risk factor-specific population attributable fractions for these diseases were applied to disease-specific estimates of the economic cost to the NHS in the UK in 2006-07.


RESULTS
In 2006-07, poor diet-related ill health cost the NHS in the UK £5.8 billion. The cost of physical inactivity was £0.9 billion. Smoking cost was £3.3 billion, alcohol cost £3.3 billion, overweight and obesity cost £5.1 billion.


CONCLUSION
The estimates of the economic cost of risk factors for chronic disease presented here are based on recent financial data and are directly comparable. They suggest that poor diet is a behavioural risk factor that has the highest impact on the budget of the NHS, followed by alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity.
Soybean Productivity Modelling using Decision Tree Algorithms

Data mining applications in agriculture is a relatively new approach for forecasting / predicting of agricultural crop/animal management. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the influence of climatic parameters on soybean productivity using decision tree induction technique. The findings of Decision tree were framed into different rules for better understanding by the end users. The study findings will help the researchers, policy makers and farmers in predicting/forecasting the crop yield in advance for market dynamics. Keywords— Decision tree, crop productivity, ID3 algorithm, climatic factors
Understanding and beliefs of diabetes in the UK Bangladeshi population.

AIMS
To examine the understanding and beliefs of people with diabetes from the Bangladeshi community living in the UK.


METHODS
Structured interviews were carried out with 14 people invited to a peer educational programme. All interviews were on a one-to-one basis and were in Sylheti or in English. Interviews were transcribed and analysed by two independent researchers.


RESULTS
The majority of participants did not know what caused diabetes. Knowledge of the management of diabetes was linked to controlling sugar intake and a number of participants reported eating bitter foods such as bitter gourd to control their diabetes. There was little access to information as many participants did not speak English and did not have a Bengali-speaking doctor. The majority of participants felt that education classes should teach them what the doctor thought was important and that these classes would best be advertised by word of mouth. Therefore, participants were quite passive about their own self management and relied very strongly on the doctor's views and recommendations.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this study can be used to help health professionals working with Bangladeshi people. There is a need for improved information for Bangladeshi people and much of this information might need to come from health professionals. In addition, there is a need for increased awareness by health professionals of practices used by Bangladeshi people, such as eating bitter gourd (which may enhance the effects of rosiglitazone), and the influence these practices could have on the individual's diabetes management.
Eigenvectors and Functions of the Discrete Fourier Transform

A method is presented for computing an orthonormal set of eigenvectors for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The technique is based on a detailed analysis of the eigenstructure of a special matrix which commutes with the DFT. It is also shown how fractional powers of the DFT can be efficiently computed, and possible applications to multiplexing and transform coding are suggested. T
A Taxonomy Characterizing Complexity of Consumer eHealth Literacy

There are a range of barriers precluding patients from fully engaging in and benefiting from the spectrum of eHealth interventions developed to support patient access to health information, disease self-management efforts, and patient-provider communication. Consumers with low eHealth literacy skills often stand to gain the greatest benefit from the use of eHealth tools. eHealth skills are comprised of reading/writing/numeracy skills, health literacy, computer literacy, information literacy, media literacy, and scientific literacy [1]. We aim to develop an approach to characterize dimensions of complexity and to reveal knowledge and skill-related barriers to eHealth engagement. We use Bloom's Taxonomy to guide development of an eHealth literacy taxonomy that categorizes and describes each type of literacy by complexity level. Illustrative examples demonstrate the utility of the taxonomy in characterizing dimensions of complexity of eHealth skills used and associated with each step in completing an eHealth task.
A Review Paper on Introduction to Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile means moving and ad hoc means temporary without any fixed infrastructure so mobile ad hoc networks are a kind of temporary networks in which nodes are moving without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration[1]. Deployed in 1990’s, Mobile Ad-hoc networks have been widely researched for many years. Ad-hoc network is a collection of nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. The infrastructure less and the dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of networking strategies to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to-end communication. Wireless devices are constantly growing in communication field having more computing speed and a number of features, while shrinking in weight and size. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary network topologies. People and devices are allowed to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, e.g., disaster recovery environments. Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is a challenging task due to its frequent changes in topologies. We discuss in this paper routing protocol, challenges and security of ad-hoc networks.
Antipole tree indexing to support range search and k-nearest neighbor search in metric spaces

Range and k-nearest neighbor searching are core problems in pattern recognition. Given a database S of objects in a metric space M and a query object q in M, in a range searching problem the goal is to find the objects of S within some threshold distance to g, whereas in a k-nearest neighbor searching problem, the k elements of S closest to q must be produced. These problems can obviously be solved with a linear number of distance calculations, by comparing the query object against every object in the database. However, the goal is to solve such problems much faster. We combine and extend ideas from the M-tree, the multivantage point structure, and the FQ-tree to create a new structure in the "bisector tree" class, called the Antipole tree. Bisection is based on the proximity to an "Antipole" pair of elements generated by a suitable linear randomized tournament. The final winners a, b of such a tournament is far enough apart to approximate the diameter of the splitting set. If dist(a, b) is larger than the chosen cluster diameter threshold, then the cluster is split. The proposed data structure is an indexing scheme suitable for (exact and approximate) best match searching on generic metric spaces. The Antipole tree outperforms by a factor of approximately two existing structures such as list of clusters, M-trees, and others and, in many cases, it achieves better clustering properties.
HLA class I allele associations with HCV genetic variants in patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1a or 1b infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
The adaptive immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is significantly shaped by the host's composition of HLA-alleles with the consequence that the HLA phenotype is a critical determinant of viral evolution during adaptive immune pressure. In the present study, we aimed to identify associations of HLA class I alleles with HCV subtypes 1a and 1b genetic variants.


METHODS
The association between HCV genetic variants and specific HLA-alleles was investigated in a cohort of 159 patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1a- and 1b-infection who were treated with pegylated interferon-alfa 2b and ribavirin in a prospective controlled trial for 48 weeks by direct sequencing of the genes encoding the HCV proteins E2, NS3, and NS5B and by HLA class I-genotyping of patients. HCV genetic variants were associated with specific HLA-alleles and the binding strength of accordant amino acid sequences to the corresponding HLA-allele was assessed by using the SYFPEITHI-algorithm.


RESULTS
Overall, associations between HLA class I alleles and HCV sequence variation were rare. Five unknown HLA class I-associated viral genetic variations were identified, which in part affected the binding of predicted HCV CD8+ T cell epitopes to the respective HLA-allele. In addition, different patterns of HLA class I-allele/HCV sequence associations between the two subtypes were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
We identified several unknown HLA class I-restricted HCV variants which in part impair binding to predicted HCV CD8+ T cell epitopes with remarkable differences between HCV subtypes 1a and 1b quasispecies.
Mediators of depressive symptoms in children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationships among maternal and child depressive symptoms and child and family psychosocial factors.


METHOD
Secondary analysis of baseline data for a coping skills intervention for school-age children (ages 8-12) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their mothers. Children and mothers completed measures of depressive symptoms, coping, quality of life, and family functioning.


RESULTS
There was a strong relationship between maternal and child depressive symptoms (r = .44, p < .001). Maternal depressive symptoms were negatively related to child quality of life, perceptions of coping, and family functioning. Impact of diabetes on quality of life, finding coping with diabetes upsetting, and family warmth mediated the relationship between maternal and child depressive symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Maternal depression may negatively affect child adjustment through its influence on quality of life, coping, and family functioning. Implications for interventions to improve psychosocial adjustment in children with T1D are discussed.
Modeling Eye Gaze Patterns in Clinician-Patient Interaction With Lag Sequential Analysis

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine whether lag sequential analysis could be used to describe eye gaze orientation between clinicians and patients in the medical encounter. This topic is particularly important as new technologies are implemented into multiuser health care settings in which trust is critical and nonverbal cues are integral to achieving trust. This analysis method could lead to design guidelines for technologies and more effective assessments of interventions.


BACKGROUND
Nonverbal communication patterns are important aspects of clinician-patient interactions and may affect patient outcomes.


METHOD
The eye gaze behaviors of clinicians and patients in 110 videotaped medical encounters were analyzed using the lag sequential method to identify significant behavior sequences. Lag sequential analysis included both event-based lag and time-based lag.


RESULTS
Results from event-based lag analysis showed that the patient's gaze followed that of the clinician, whereas the clinician's gaze did not follow the patient's. Time-based sequential analysis showed that responses from the patient usually occurred within 2 s after the initial behavior of the clinician.


CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that the clinician's gaze significantly affects the medical encounter but that the converse is not true.


APPLICATION
Findings from this research have implications for the design of clinical work systems and modeling interactions. Similar research methods could be used to identify different behavior patterns in clinical settings (physical layout, technology, etc.) to facilitate and evaluate clinical work system designs.
Association between soy and green tea (Camellia sinensis) diminishes hypercholesterolemia and increases total plasma antioxidant potential in dyslipidemic subjects.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the hypolipemic and antioxidant effects of soy and green tea alone and/or in association in dyslipidemic subjects.


METHODS
One hundred dyslipidemic individuals were allocated into four groups. The soy group ingested 50 g of soy (kinako) daily, and the green tea group ingested 3 g of green tea in 500 mL of water per day. A third group ingested 50 g of soy and 3 g of green tea daily, and the control group had a hypocholesterolemic diet. Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 45 and 90 d. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerols were evaluated by automated methods. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald equation. LDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Total plasma antioxidant capacity and plasma levels of total lipid hydroperoxides and those linked to LDL were evaluated by chemiluminescence. The results were expressed as median values and their 25th to 75th percentiles, with a 5% level of significance.


RESULTS
No significant difference occurred in LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels across groups. However, a statistically significant difference in total cholesterol occurred within the soy/green tea group 45 and 90 d after intervention. No statistically significant difference occurred in plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides or those linked to LDL in any of the groups studied. All the groups that used soy and/or green tea presented increased total plasma antioxidant potential.


CONCLUSION
Soy and green tea, alone or in combination, increased the total antioxidant potential of hypercholesterolemic patients, whereas only the combination decreased total cholesterol levels.