LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Functional tooth regenerative therapy: tooth tissue regeneration and whole-tooth replacement

Oral and general health is compromised by irreversible dental problems, including dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth injury. Regenerative therapy for tooth tissue repair and whole-tooth replacement is currently considered a novel therapeutic concept with the potential for the full recovery of tooth function. Several types of stem cells and cell-activating cytokines have been identified in oral tissues. These cells are thought to be candidate cell sources for tooth tissue regenerative therapies because they have the ability to differentiate into tooth tissues in vitro and in vivo. Whole-tooth replacement therapy is regarded as an important model for the development of an organ regenerative concept. A novel three-dimensional cell-manipulation method, designated the organ germ method, has been developed to recapitulate organogenesis. This method involves compartmentalisation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells at a high cell density to mimic multicellular assembly conditions and epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. A bioengineered tooth germ can generate a structurally correct tooth in vitro and erupt successfully with the correct tooth structure when transplanted into the oral cavity. We have ectopically generated a bioengineered tooth unit composed of a mature tooth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, and that tooth unit was successfully engrafted into an adult jawbone through bone integration. Such bioengineered teeth were able to perform normal physiological tooth functions, such as developing a masticatory potential in response to mechanical stress and a perceptive potential for noxious stimuli. In this review, we describe recent findings and technologies underpinning tooth regenerative therapy.
Effect of Number of Layers on Performance of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings Interior Permanent Magnet Machines

Interior PM machines equipped with fractional-slot concentrated-windings are good candidates for high-speed traction applications. This is mainly due to the higher power density and efficiency that can be achieved. The main challenge with this type of machines is the high rotor losses at high speeds/frequencies. This paper will thoroughly investigate the effect of number of winding layers on the performance of this type of machines. It will be shown that by going to higher number of layers, there can be significant improvement in efficiency especially at high speeds mainly due to the reduction of the winding factor/magnitude of the most dominant stator mmf subharmonic component. It will also be shown that there is significant improvement in torque density. Even though there is reduction in the winding factor of the stator synchronous torque-producing mmf component, this is more than offset by increase in machine saliency and reluctance torque. The paper will provide general guidelines regarding the optimum slot/pole/phase combinations based on torque density and efficiency. Sample designs of various slot/pole combinations are used to quantify the benefit of going to higher number of layers in terms of torque density, efficiency, and torque ripple.
What makes undergraduate students enroll into an elective course?: The case of Islamic accounting

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the acceptance level of Islamic accounting course by undergraduate students at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The study used theory of reasoned action (TRA) to analyze the findings. Design/methodology/approach – The primary data for the study are collected using self-administered questionnaires. Altogether, the sample comprised of 135 respondents. Data are analyzed using statistical package for social science 13.0 and Analysis of Moment Structures 7.0 to determine the acceptance level and model fit. Findings – Attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN), and amount of information on Islamic accounting (AIIA) are found to affect the intention of students to enroll in the Islamic accounting course. Other proposed hypotheses are also supported. Research limitations/implications – The study limitations are confined to three only. The first limitation is the narrow focus on one University in Malaysia as a case study. The second is about its limited relevant measures used in the model that may potentially support the acceptance. The third is about the lack of adequate sample of non-Muslim students. Nevertheless, these limitations drive for the future research in the area of Islamic accounting. Practical implications – Despite its limitations, this study is still of importance in providing insights on a particular issue. The findings of this study shed some light on the students’ acceptance level of an Islamic course. This course is unique as it is different in orientation compared to other existing courses on offer. This paper also provides an invaluable insight, especially in the case of UMS, to consider Islamic accounting course as a core course in the future instead of only an elective course. The university’s management should consider the importance of students’ ATT, SN, and AIIA prior to offering the course. Originality/value – This paper examines undergraduate students’ acceptance level of an Islamic accounting course using TRA and highlights the factors affecting the acceptance of students of an Islamic accounting course in a Malaysian higher learning institution.
Ramadan Fasting and Weight-Lifting Training on Vascular Volumes and Hematological Profiles in Young Male Weight-Lifters

During the holy month of Ramadan the quality of food and eating patterns changed and drinking will be stopped for at least 10 to 16 hours on the basis lunar calendar. The effects of exercise and fasting solely or combined on metabolic and hematologic responses well established. The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of Ramadan fasting with or without weight-lifting training on vascular volumes and selected hematological indices in young male weight-lifters. Blood samples were taken at 24h before and 24h after the last day of holy Ramadan fasting period and weight-lifting training for determination of the selected red and white blood cells compositions. The Vascular volumes (Blood, Red cells, and plasma volumes) were determined and calculated by using both hemoglobin and hematocrit estimations before and after Ramadan fasting with or without weight-lifting training. The results indicate that red cell volume and MCHC were significantly decreased and increased in fasting group (P<0.05) respectively. The percentages of hematocrit were significantly low in both training and fasting groups. A higher and significant platelet count was found in training group. The present data indicate that weight-lifting training during the holy Ramadan in compare to fasting had no impact on red and white cells composition exception on platelet count and Hematocrit. A decrease in Hematocrit might be due to the incomplete dehydration period which amplified by stop drinking and nutritional habits during the holy Ramadan.
A vertical W-band surface-micromachined Yagi-Uda antenna

A vertical W-band surface-micromachined Yagi-Uda monopole array is proposed and implemented for the first time. The monopoles stand on a high-k soda-lime glass substrate and are fed by a coplanar waveguide. The geometry functions as a vertically placed Yagi-Uda antenna due to the image theory. The performance of the vertical Yagi-Uda is to be superior to conventional W-band printed antennas due to minimum substrate wave effects. A successful implementation of the vertical Yagi-Uda structure is demonstrated using high-aspect-ratio surface micromachining fabrication technologies. The test results of a 5 element structure demonstrate a 10-dB-impedance-bandwidth of 12% at 100 GHz. A directivity of 8.2 dBi is projected for this prototype.
Hysteroscopic resection of uterine submucous leiomyoma protruding through hymen in a 16-year-old adolescent.

BACKGROUND
Uterine leiomyomas are rarely seen in adolescent and to date nine leiomyoma cases have been reported under age 17. Eight of these have been treated surgically via laparotomic myomectomy.


CASE
A 16-year-old girl presented with a painless, lobulated necrotic mass protruding through the introitus. The mass originated from posterior uterine wall resected using hysteroscopy. Final pathology report revealed a submucous uterine leiomyoma.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Submucous uterine leiomyomas may present as a vaginal mass in adolescents and can be safely treated using hysteroscopy.
Extended Theory on the Inductance Calculation of Planar Spiral Windings Including the Effect of Double-layer Electromagnetic Shield

Recent progress on wireless planar battery charging platform highlights a requirement that the platform must be shielded underneath so that the electromagnetic (EM) flux will not leak through the bottom of the charging platform. The presence of the EM shield will inevitably alter the flux distribution and thus the inductance of the planar windings. In this paper, a theory of calculating inductance of spiral windings is extended to determine the inductance of planar spiral windings shielded by a double-layer planar EM shield. With the generalized equations, the impedance of the planar spiral windings on double-layer shielding substrate and the optimal thickness of shielding materials can be calculated accurately without using time-consuming finite-element method. Therefore, the influence of the double-layer electromagnetic shield on the inductance of the planar spiral windings can be analyzed. Simulations and measurements have been carried out for several shielding plates with different permeability, conductivity and thickness. Both of the simulations and measurements of the winding inductance agree well with the extended theory.
Knowledge of First Aid Skills Among Students of a Medical College in Mangalore City of South India

BACKGROUND
The adequate knowledge required for handling an emergency without hospital setting at the site of the accident or emergency may not be sufficient as most medical schools do not have formal first aid training in the teaching curriculum.


AIM
The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of medical students in providing first aid care.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2011 among 152 medical students. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Based on the scores obtained in each condition requiring first aid, the overall knowledge was graded as good, moderate and poor.


RESULTS
Only 11.2% (17/152) of the total student participants had previous exposure to first aid training. Good knowledge about first aid was observed in 13.8% (21/152), moderate knowledge in 68.4% (104/152) and poor knowledge in 17.8% (27/152) participants. Analysis of knowledge about first aid management in select conditions found that 21% (32/152) had poor knowledge regarding first aid management for shock and for gastro esophageal reflux disease and 20.4% (31/152) for epistaxis and foreign body in eyes. All students felt that first aid skills need to be taught from the school level onwards and all of them were willing to enroll in any formal first aid training sessions.


CONCLUSION
The level of knowledge about first aid was not good among majority of the students. The study also identified the key areas in which first aid knowledge was lacking. There is thus a need for formal first aid training to be introduced in the medical curriculum.
Achieving industrial relevance with academic excellence: lessons from the Oregon Master of Software engineering

Many educational institutions are developing graduate programs in software engineering targeted to working professionals. These educators face the dilemma of providing programs with both industrial relevance and academic excellence. This paper describes our experience and lessons learned in developing such a program, the Oregon Master of Software Engineering (OMSE). It describes a structured approach to curriculum design, curriculum design principles and methods that can be applied to develop a quality professional program.
Hierarchical Orderings of Textual Units

Text representation is a central task for any approach to automatic learning from texts. It requires a format which allows to interrelate texts even if they do not share content words, but deal with similar topics. Furthermore, measuring text similarities raises the question of how to organize the resulting clusters. This paper presents cohesion trees (CT) as a data structure for the perspective, hierarchical organization of text corpora. CTs operate on alternative text representation models taking lexical organization, quantitative text characteristics, and text structure into account. It is shown that CTs realize text linkages which are lexically more homogeneous than those produced by minimal spanning trees.
Musical Sense-Making and the Concept of Affordance: An Ecosemiotic and Experiential Approach

This article is interdisciplinary in its claims. Evolving around the ecological concept of affordance, it brings together pragmatics and ecological psychology. Starting from the theoretical writings of Peirce, Dewey and James, the biosemiotic claims of von Uexküll, Gibson’s ecological approach to perception and some empirical evidence from recent neurobiological research, it elaborates on the concepts of experiential and enactive cognition as applied to music. In order to provide an operational description of this approach, it introduces some conceptual tools from the domain of cybernetics with a major focus on the concept of circularity, which links perception to action in a continuous process of sense-making and interaction with the environment. As such, it is closely related to some pragmatic, biosemiotic and ecosemiotic claims which can be subsumed under the general notion of functional significance. An attempt is made to apply this conceptual framework to the process of musical sense-making which involves the realisation of systemic cognition in the context of epistemic interactions that are grounded in our biology and possibilities for adaptive control. Central in this approach is the concept of coping with the environment, or, in musical terms, to perceive the sounding music in terms of what it affords for the consummation of musical behaviour.
Simple day-case surgery for pilonidal sinus disease.

BACKGROUND
Pilonidal disease is a common and usually minor disease. Although wide excisional surgery has been common practice, there are more simple alternatives. This review focused on the aetiology and management of pilonidal disease.


METHODS
A comprehensive review of the literature on pilonidal disease was undertaken. MEDLINE searches for all articles listing pilonidal disease (1980-2010) were performed to determine the aetiology and results of surgical and non-surgical treatments. Single papers describing new techniques or minor modifications of established techniques were excluded. Further articles were traced through reference lists.


RESULTS
Patients with minimal symptoms and those having drainage of a single acute abscess can be treated expectantly. Non-surgical treatments may be of value but their long-term results are unknown. There is no rational basis or need for wide excision of the abscess and sinus. Simple removal of midline skin pits, the primary cause of pilonidal disease, with lateral drainage of the abscess and sinus is effective in most instances. Hirsute patients with extensive primary disease and deep natal clefts, or with recurrent disease and unhealed midline wounds, may also require flattening of the natal cleft with off-midline skin closure. These more conservative procedures are usually done as a day case, require minimal care in the community and are associated with a rapid return to work. They also avoid the occasional debilitating complications of surgical treatment.


CONCLUSION
Simple day-case surgery to eradicate midline skin pits without wide excision of the abscesses and sinus is rational, safe and effective for patients with pilonidal sinus disease.
Adult norms for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and for supplemental recognition and matching trials from the Extended Complex Figure Test.

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test ("the Rey"; Osterrieth, 1944; Rey, 1941) has accumulated a considerable literature as a test of visual-spatial perception/construction and memory. The Extended Complex Figure Test (ECFT; Fastenau, 1996a, in press-a; Fastenau & Manning, 1992) supplements the Rey with Recognition and Matching trials that follow Copy, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall. The Rey and ECFT were administered to 211 healthy adults. Age ranged from 30 years to 85 years (M = 62.9, SD = 14.2), education ranged from 12 years to 25 years (M = 14.9, SD = 2.6), 55% were women, and over 95% were Caucasian. Age and education effects were evident on all trials (Multiple R ranged .23 to .50, p < .05), but education explained minimal variance (usually 2-3%) on copy and memory trials. Gender effects were negligible, if present. Age-appropriate norms are presented using Osterrieth's 36-point scoring, overlapping cells, and convenient tables for converting raw scores to scaled scores.
A Framework for Institutional Adoption and Implementation of Blended Learning in Higher Education.

Available online 25 September 2012
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ activity and mass in relation to vascular disease and nonvascular mortality.

OBJECTIVES
To assess whether associations of circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) with vascular disease are independent of other risk factors.


METHODS
Lp-PLA₂ activity and mass, lipids and other characteristics were measured at baseline in 19,037 individuals at high risk of vascular disease in a randomized trial of simvastatin with 5-year average follow-up.


RESULTS
Lp-PLA₂ activity and mass were correlated with each other (r = 0.56), lipids and other vascular risk factors. The moderate association of Lp-PLA₂ activity with occlusive coronary events (n = 2531) in analyses adjusted for nonlipid factors (hazard ratio per 1 SD [HR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.15) became nonsignificant after further adjustment for apolipoproteins (HR 1.02, 0.97-1.06). Such adjustment also attenuated HRs with Lp-PLA₂ mass from 1.08 (1.03-1.12) to 1.05 (1.01-1.09). By contrast, the HR with apolipoprotein-B100 of 1.15 (1.10-1.19) was only slightly attenuated to 1.14 (1.09-1.19) after further adjustment for apolipoprotein A₁ and Lp-PLA₂. Age- and sex-adjusted HRs for other cardiac events (n = 1007) with either Lp-PLA₂ activity or mass were about 1.20, but HRs reduced after adjustment for nonlipid factors (activity: 1.11, 1.04-1.18; mass: 1.08, 1.02-1.15). Adjusted HRs for ischaemic stroke (n = 900) were weak and nonsignificant and for nonvascular mortality (n = 1040) were 1.01 (0.94-1.09) with activity and 1.12 (1.05-1.19) with mass. Simvastatin reduced Lp-PLA₂ levels by about one-quarter, but simvastatin's vascular protection did not vary with baseline Lp-PLA₂ concentration.


CONCLUSIONS
Associations of Lp-PLA₂ with occlusive coronary events depend considerably on lipid levels, whereas those with other cardiac events appear to reflect confounding from cardiovascular medication and prior vascular disease.
How can students' diagnostic competence benefit most from practice with clinical cases? The effects of structured reflection on future diagnosis of the same and novel diseases.

PURPOSE
To develop diagnostic competence, students should practice with many examples of clinical problems to build rich mental representations of diseases. How to enhance learning from practice remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of reflection on cases compared with generating a single or differential diagnosis.


METHOD
In 2012, during the learning phase, 110 fourth-year medical students diagnosed four cases of two criterion diseases under three different experimental conditions: structured reflection, single-diagnosis, or differential-diagnosis. One week later, they diagnosed two novel exemplars of each criterion disease and four cases of new diseases that were not among the cases of the learning phase but were plausible alternative diagnoses.


RESULTS
Diagnostic performance did not differ among the groups in the learning phase. One week later, the reflection group obtained higher mean diagnostic accuracy scores (range: 0-1) than the other groups when diagnosing new exemplars of criterion diseases (reflection: 0.67; single-diagnosis: 0.36, P < .001; differential-diagnosis: 0.51, P = .014) and cases of new diseases (reflection: 0.44; single-diagnosis: 0.32, P = .010; differential-diagnosis: 0.33, P = .015). No difference was found between the single-diagnosis and the differential-diagnosis conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
Structured reflection while practicing with cases enhanced learning of diagnosis both of the diseases practiced and of their alternative diagnoses, suggesting that reflection not only enriched mental representations of diseases practiced relative to more conventional approaches to clinical learning but also influenced the representations of adjacent but different diseases. Structured reflection seems a useful addition to the existing clinical teaching methods.
Adaptive Noise Smoothing Filter for Images with Signal-Dependent Noise

In this paper, we consider the restoration of images with signal-dependent noise. The filter is noise smoothing and adapts to local changes in image statistics based on a nonstationary mean, nonstationary variance (NMNV) image model. For images degraded by a class of uncorrelated, signal-dependent noise without blur, the adaptive noise smoothing filter becomes a point processor and is similar to Lee's local statistics algorithm [16]. The filter is able to adapt itself to the nonstationary local image statistics in the presence of different types of signal-dependent noise. For multiplicative noise, the adaptive noise smoothing filter is a systematic derivation of Lee's algorithm with some extensions that allow different estimators for the local image variance. The advantage of the derivation is its easy extension to deal with various types of signal-dependent noise. Film-grain and Poisson signal-dependent restoration problems are also considered as examples. All the nonstationary image statistical parameters needed for the filter can be estimated from the noisy image and no a priori information about the original image is required.
Heritage and early history of the boundary element method

This article explores the rich heritage of the boundary element method (BEM) by examining its mathematical foundation from the potential theory, boundary value problems, Green’s functions, Green’s identities, to Fredholm integral equations. The 18th to 20th century mathematicians, whose contributions were key to the theoretical development, are honored with short biographies. The origin of the numerical implementation of boundary integral equations can be traced to the 1960s, when the electronic computers had become available. The full emergence of the numerical technique known as the boundary element method occurred in the late 1970s. This article reviews the early history of the boundary element method up to the late 1970s. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.