LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in pediatric radiology

This essay depicts some of the diagnostic errors identified in a large academic pediatric imaging department during a 13-year period. Our aim is to illustrate potential situations in which errors are more likely to occur and more likely to cause harm, and to share our difficult cases so other radiologists might learn without having to experience those situations themselves.
Safety and factors predicting the duration of first and second treatment interruptions guided by CD4+ cell counts in patients with chronic HIV infection.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the safety of treatment interruption (TI) guided by CD4+ count in HIV-infected patients followed-up prospectively.


METHODS
Patients on HAART with a CD4+ cell count >500 cells/mm3 discontinued therapy with instructions to start therapy again before their CD4+ count dropped below 200 cells/mm3.


RESULTS
We report data on 112 HIV-infected patients. The median follow-up after starting the first TI was 34.7 months (IQR: 23.1-43.8). The median duration of the first TI was 12 months (IQR: 5.2-25). In the multivariate analysis the factor which most strongly correlated with the duration of the first TI was the CD4+ cell count at the end of the TI. Among the 34 patients who had completed a second TI, the duration of the two periods of interruption was similar if the treatment was recommenced at the end of the first TI at a CD4+ count higher than the nadir count.


CONCLUSIONS
The strategy of TI is safe if the criteria for restarting therapy are applied correctly. The factor with the greatest influence on the duration of the first TI is the number of CD4+ cells at the end of the TI.
Jointly Predicting Predicates and Arguments in Neural Semantic Role Labeling

Recent BIO-tagging-based neural semantic role labeling models are very high performing, but assume gold predicates as part of the input and cannot incorporate span-level features. We propose an endto-end approach for jointly predicting all predicates, arguments spans, and the relations between them. The model makes independent decisions about what relationship, if any, holds between every possible word-span pair, and learns contextualized span representations that provide rich, shared input features for each decision. Experiments demonstrate that this approach sets a new state of the art on PropBank SRL without gold predicates.1
The Logic of Animal Conflict

Conflicts between animals of the same species usually are of “limited war” type, not causing serious injury. This is often explained as due to group or species selection for behaviour benefiting the species rather than individuals. Game theory and computer simulation analyses show, however, that a “limited war” strategy benefits individual animals as well as the species.
Evaluation of ten oral fluid point-of-collection drug-testing devices.

Previously, the laboratory evaluations of six point-of-collection oral fluid (POC-OF) drug testing devices were reported. Four additional devices, Oralstat (American Bio Medica); SmartClip (Envitec); Impact (LifePoint); and OraLine IV s.a.t (Sun Biomedical Laboratories), were recently evaluated for their ability to meet the claimed (and proposed) cutoff concentrations set by the manufacturers for the detection of amphetamine(s), cocaine/metabolite, opiates, and cannabinoids (Oralstat also benzodiazepines). With the exception of the Sun Biomedical device, actual false-positive results were not encountered. Most devices performed well for the detection of opiates and amphetamine(s), but approximately half had amphetamine(s) cutoff concentrations greater than that proposed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Only three devices had cocaine cutoffs less than or equal to 20 ng/mL (SAMHSA), and a number of false-negative results were obtained. The devices still were not capable of detecting Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol at 4 ng/mL (SAMHSA). However, sensitivities improved since the initial studies, and approximately half of the devices met the THC-COOH cutoff proposed by SAMHSA. Results from the current and previous evaluations are presented in the paper and indicate that the sensitivity and performance of commercial OF drug testing devices is improving, but remains problematic for the reliable detection of cannabinoid use.
Why Do We Like the iPhone? The Role of Evaluative Conditioning in Attitude Formation

In this article, we address how attitudes are acquired. We present evaluative conditioning (EC) as an explanation for attitude formation and attitude change. EC refers to changes in liking due to pairings of affectively meaningful and neutral stimuli. We discuss four different theoretical accounts of EC and outline current issues and avenues for future research.
Digital Librarian, Cybrarian, or Librarian with Specialized Skills: Who Will Staff Digital Libraries?

Linda Marion is a doctoral student at Drexel University. E-mail: Linda.Marion@drexel.edu. Abstract This exploratory study examined 250 online academic librarian employment ads posted during 2000 to determine current requirements for technologically oriented jobs. A content analysis software program was used to categorize the specific skills and characteristics listed in the ads. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling). The results, displayed in a three-dimensional concept map, indicate 19 categories comprised of both computer related skills and behavioral characteristics that can be interpreted along three continua: (1) technical skills to people skills; (2) long-established technologies and behaviors to emerging trends; (3) technical service competencies to public service competencies. There was no identifiable “digital librarian” category.
Tear proteins of normal young Hong Kong Chinese

Background: Analysis of tear proteins is of diagnostic value for abnormal ocular conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Many studies of tear proteins have been performed on Caucasian subjects. However, little is known about these proteins in Chinese eyes. Methods: The total tear protein concentrations of 30 normal young Hong Kong Chinese were determined by the Bradford method and the modified Lowry method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) were both used as standards for each method. The tear protein patterns were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the concentrations of major tear proteins were quantified by scanning densitometry after SDS-PAGE. Results: The mean±SD total tear protein concentrations determined by the Bradford method, using BSA and IgG as standards, were 6.05±1.58 mg/ml and 11.48± 2.32 mg/ml respectively. The values determined by the modified Lowry method, using the same two standards, were 9.66±2.03 mg/ml and 7.53±1.80 mg/ml respectively. The mean±SD concentrations of major tear proteins were 2.73±0.82 mg/ml for lactoferrin, 0.021±0.028 mg/ml for human serum albumin, 2.89± 0.88 mg/ml for tear-specific prealbumin and 2.46±0.44 mg/ml for lysozyme. Conclusion: The results of total tear protein concentrations indicated that values obtained from different methods and different standards were not comparable. The tear protein patterns of our subjects were qualitatively similar to those reported for Caucasian subjects. However, the concentrations of the major proteins of our subjects were not in accordance with those reported previously. The main reason may be the large variability of method used.
Teachers' pedagogical beliefs and their use of digital media in classrooms: Sharpening the focus of the 'will, skill, tool' model and integrating teachers' constructivist orientations

The ‘will, skill, tool’ model is a well-established theoretical framework that elucidates the conditions under which teachers are most likely to employ information and communication technologies (ICT) in the classroom. Past studies have shown that these three factors explain a very high degree of variance in the frequency of classroom ICT use. The present study replicates past findings using a different set of measures and hones in on possible subfactors. Furthermore, the study examines teacher affiliation for constructivist-style teaching, which is often considered to facilitate the pedagogical use of digital media. The study’s survey of 357 Swiss secondary school teachers reveals significant positive correlations between will, skill, and tool variables and the combined frequency and diversity of technology use in teaching. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify relevant subfactors. Five factors account for a total of 60% of the explained variance in the intensity of classroom ICT use. Computer and Internet applications are more often used by teachers in the classroom when: (1) teachers consider themselves to be more competent in using ICT for teaching; (2) more computers are readily available; (3) the teacher is a form teacher and responsible for the class; (4) the teacher is more convinced that computers improve student learning; and (5) the teacher more often employs constructivist forms of teaching and learning. The impact of constructivist teaching was small, however. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NAIS: Neural Attentive Item Similarity Model for Recommendation

Item-to-item collaborative filtering (aka.item-based CF) has been long used for building recommender systems in industrial settings, owing to its interpretability and efficiency in real-time personalization. It builds a user's profile as her historically interacted items, recommending new items that are similar to the user's profile. As such, the key to an item-based CF method is in the estimation of item similarities. Early approaches use statistical measures such as cosine similarity and Pearson coefficient to estimate item similarities, which are less accurate since they lack tailored optimization for the recommendation task. In recent years, several works attempt to learn item similarities from data, by expressing the similarity as an underlying model and estimating model parameters by optimizing a recommendation-aware objective function. While extensive efforts have been made to use shallow linear models for learning item similarities, there has been relatively less work exploring nonlinear neural network models for item-based CF. In this work, we propose a neural network model named Neural Attentive Item Similarity model (NAIS) for item-based CF. The key to our design of NAIS is an attention network, which is capable of distinguishing which historical items in a user profile are more important for a prediction. Compared to the state-of-the-art item-based CF method Factored Item Similarity Model (FISM) [1] , our NAIS has stronger representation power with only a few additional parameters brought by the attention network. Extensive experiments on two public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of NAIS. This work is the first attempt that designs neural network models for item-based CF, opening up new research possibilities for future developments of neural recommender systems.
Aligning everyday life priorities with people’s self-management support networks: an exploration of the work and implementation of a needs-led telephone support system

BACKGROUND
Recent initiatives to target the personal, social and clinical needs of people with long-term health conditions have had limited impact within primary care. Evidence of the importance of social networks to support people with long-term conditions points to the need for self-management approaches which align personal circumstances with valued activities. The Patient-Led Assessment for Network Support (PLANS) intervention is a needs-led assessment for patients to prioritise their health and social needs and provide access to local community services and activities. Exploring the work and practices of patients and telephone workers are important for understanding and evaluating the workability and implementation of new interventions.


METHODS
Qualitative methods (interviews, focus group, observations) were used to explore the experience of PLANS from the perspectives of participants and the telephone support workers who delivered it (as part of an RCT) and the reasons why the intervention worked or not. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used as a sensitising tool to evaluate: the relevance of PLANS to patients (coherence); the processes of engagement (cognitive participation); the work done for PLANS to happen (collective action); the perceived benefits and costs of PLANS (reflexive monitoring). 20 patients in the intervention arm of a clinical trial were interviewed and their telephone support calls were recorded and a focus group with 3 telephone support workers was conducted.


RESULTS
Analysis of the interviews, support calls and focus group identified three themes in relation to the delivery and experience of PLANS. These are: formulation of 'health' in the context of everyday life; trajectories and tipping points: disrupting everyday routines; precarious trust in networks. The relevance of these themes are considered using NPT constructs in terms of the work that is entailed in engaging with PLANS, taking action, and who is implicated this process.


CONCLUSIONS
PLANS gives scope to align long-term condition management to everyday life priorities and valued aspects of life. This approach can improve engagement with health-relevant practices by situating them within everyday contexts. This has potential to increase utilisation of local resources with potential cost-saving benefits for the NHS.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN45433299.
A survey on image-based rendering - representation, sampling and compression

Image-based rendering (IBR) has attracted a lot of research interest recently. In this paper, we survey the various techniques developed for IBR, including representation, sampling and compression. The goal is to provide an overview of research for IBR in a complete and systematic manner. We observe that essentially all the IBR representations are derived from the plenoptic function, which is seven dimensional and difficult to handle. We classify various IBR representations into two categories based on how the plenoptic function is simplified, namely restraining the viewing space and introducing source descriptions. In the former category, we summarize six common assumptions that were often made in various approaches and discuss how the dimension of the plenoptic function can be reduced based on these assumptions. In the latter category, we further categorize the methods based on what kind of source description was introduced, such as scene geometry, texture map or reflection model. Sampling and compression are also discussed respectively for both categories. r 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Hypermedia Version Control Framework

The areas of application of hypermedia technology, combined with the capabilities that hypermedia provides for manipulating structure, create an environment in which version control is very important. A hypermedia version control framework has been designed to specifically address the version control problem in open hypermedia environments. One of the primary distinctions of the framework is the partitioning of hypermedia version control functionality into intrinsic and application-specific categories. The version control has been used as a model for the design of version control services for a hyperbase management system that provides complete version support for both data and structural entities. In addition to serving as a version control model for open hypermedia environments, the framework offers a clarifying and unifying context in which to examine the issues of version control in hypermedia.
Tribological Behaviour of Al-6061 / SiC Metal Matrix Composite by Taguchi's Techniques

Tribological behaviour of aluminium alloy Al-6061 reinforced with silicon carbide particles (10% & 15%weight percentage of SiCp) fabricated by stir casting process was investigated. The wear and frictional properties of the metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc wear tester. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi‟s technique. A L9 Orthogonal array was selected for analysis of the data. Investigation to find the influence of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on wear rate, as well as the coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA and regression equation for each response were developed for both 10% & 15% SiC reinforced Al-6061MMCs. Objective of the model was chosen as „smaller the better‟ characteristics to analyse the dry sliding wear resistance. Results show that sliding distance has the highest influence followed by load and sliding speed. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results & Scanning Electron Microscope were done on wear surfaces.
A Passive Elastic Ankle Exoskeleton Using Controlled Energy Storage and Release to Reduce the Metabolic Cost of Walking

Purely passive devices (e.g. dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (DAFOs)) can store and release elastic energy in rigid, non-hinged frames to assist walking without assistance from motors. This lightweight, simplistic approach has been shown to cause small increases in both walking speed and economy poststroke [6-8]. However there are downsides to current DAFO designs. First, rigid, non-hinged DAFOs restrict full ankle joint range of motion, allowing only limited rotation in the sagittal plane. Second, and perhaps more crucialcurrent DAFOs do not allow free ankle rotation during swing, making it difficult to dorsiflex in preparation for heel strike. Inability to dorsiflex freely during swing could impose a significant metabolic penalty, especially in healthy populations [9].
Time distortion when users at-risk for social media addiction engage in non-social media tasks.

BACKGROUND
There is a growing concern over the addictiveness of Social Media use. Additional representative indicators of impaired control are needed in order to distinguish presumed social media addiction from normal use.


AIMS
(1) To examine the existence of time distortion during non-social media use tasks that involve social media cues among those who may be considered at-risk for social media addiction. (2) To examine the usefulness of this distortion for at-risk vs. low/no-risk classification.


METHOD
We used a task that prevented Facebook use and invoked Facebook reflections (survey on self-control strategies) and subsequently measured estimated vs. actual task completion time. We captured the level of addiction using the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale in the survey, and we used a common cutoff criterion to classify people as at-risk vs. low/no-risk of Facebook addiction.


RESULTS
The at-risk group presented significant upward time estimate bias and the low/no-risk group presented significant downward time estimate bias. The bias was positively correlated with Facebook addiction scores. It was efficacious, especially when combined with self-reported estimates of extent of Facebook use, in classifying people to the two categories.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study points to a novel, easy to obtain, and useful marker of at-risk for social media addiction, which may be considered for inclusion in diagnosis tools and procedures.
A new ZVS LCL-resonant push-pull DC-DC converter topology

A new LCL resonant dc–dc converter topology is presented in which the resonantCL components are located after the output rectifier diodes. The push–pull converter topology is suitable for unregulated low-voltage to high-voltage power conversion, as in battery-powered systems, where input currents can exceed input voltages by an order of magnitude. The resonant circuit operates at twice the switching frequency, allowing for small resonant components. The MOSFET primary switches operate under zero-voltage switching (ZVS) conditions due to commutation of the transformer magnetizing current and the snubbing effect of the inherent drain-source capacitance. Output rectifier turn-off is effectively snubbed by the resonant capacitor. Laboratory tests show 93% efficiency at 12-V 160-A input, 235-V 1.8-kW output. Surge capability of up to 5 kW for 1 s has been tested. Circuit simulations and experimental results are presented and are shown to have excellent agreement with fundamental mode analysis.
Technological Learning and Innovation in China in the Context of Globalization

A team of Chinaand U.S.-based geographers develops the theoretical concept of “learning field” to advance the study of technological innovation through networking under conditions of ongoing globalization. The concept is applied in a survey of ca. 100 firms in the Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, located in a relatively underdeveloped region of China. The findings emphasize the different patterns and challenges confronting companies of differing size, property rights, and R&D capacities, as well as the variable extent to which technological learning is based on local versus global linkages and networking. Key elements involved in successful technological upgrading (in addition to networking) are identified, including market structure, competitive strategies, and capital. Also examined are the roles played by geographic, relational, and institutional factors in providing opportunities for learning and cooperation among firms in an industrial district. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D21, D83, O31, P20. 8 figures, 3 tables, 67 references.
GPC Temperature Control of A Simulation Model Infant-Incubator and Practice with Arduino Board

The thermal environment surrounding preterm neonates in closed incubators is regulated via air temperature control mode. At present, these control modes do not take account of all the thermal parameters involved in a pattern of incubator such as the thermal parameters of preterm neonates (birth weight < 1000 grams). The objective of this work is to design and validate a generalized predictive control (GPC) that takes into account the closed incubator model as well as the newborn premature model. Then, we implemented this control law on a DRAGER neonatal incubator with and without newborn using microcontroller card. Methods: The design of the predictive control law is based on a prediction model. The developed model allows us to take into account all the thermal exchanges (radioactive, conductive, convective and evaporative) and the various interactions between the environment of the incubator and the premature newborn. Results: The predictive control law and the simulation model developed in Matlab/Simulink environment make it possible to evaluate the quality of the mode of control of the air temperature to which newborn must be raised. The results of the simulation and implementation of the air temperature inside the incubator (with newborn and without newborn) prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed GPC controller compared with a proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller). Keywords—Incubator; neonatal; model; temperature; Arduino; GPC
Duration modeling of Indian languages Hindi and Telugu

This paper reports a preliminary attempt on data-driven modeling of segmental (phoneme) duration for two Indian languages Hindi and Telugu. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) based data-driven duration modeling for segmental duration prediction is presented. A number of features are proposed and their usefulness and relative contribution in segmental duration prediction is assessed. Objective evaluation of the duration models, by root mean squared prediction error (RMSE) and correlation between actual and predicted durations, is performed. The duration models developed have been implemented in an Indian language Textto-Speech synthesis system [1] being developed within Festival framework [2].