LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A 78mW 11.8Gb/s serial link transceiver with adaptive RX equalization and baud-rate CDR in 32nm CMOS

The last few years have witnessed a rapid increase in serial IO data rates as well as number of IO ports in microprocessors. This trend, poses significant challenges to the serial IO design because of area and power budget limitations but, above all, by the need to achieve stringent bit error rates in the presence of interconnect constraints such as channel loss, impedance discontinuities induced by package and connectors, and crosstalk effects due to routing limitations in the package and on the motherboard. To effectively meet these challenges, the serial IO architecture has evolved to include more complex equalization schemes. Building on the previous work on a 4-tap DFE [1], this paper presents the design of a complete serial IO capable of operating up to 11.8Gb/s, and in particular, focuses on the integration of an adaptive equalizer and baud-rate CDR in the receiver of the serial IO.
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) and IPEX-related disorders: an evolving web of heritable autoimmune diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To summarize recent progress in our understanding of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) and IPEX-related disorders.


RECENT FINDINGS
A number of Mendelian disorders of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity have been noted to result from defects in T regulatory cell, development and function. The best characterized of these is IPEX, resulting from mutations affecting FOXP3. A number of other gene defects that affect T regulatory cell function also give rise to IPEX-related phenotypes, including loss-of-function mutations in CD25, STAT5b and ITCH. Recent progress includes the identification of gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 as a cause of an IPEX-like disease, emerging FOXP3 genotype/phenotype relationships in IPEX, and the elucidation of a role for the microbiota in the immune dysregulation associated with regulatory T cell deficiency.


SUMMARY
An expanding spectrum of genetic defects that compromise T regulatory cell function underlies human disorders of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Collectively, these disorders offer novel insights into pathways of peripheral tolerance and their disruption in autoimmunity.
High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock.

BACKGROUND
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends targeting a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mm Hg during initial resuscitation of patients with septic shock. However, whether this blood-pressure target is more or less effective than a higher target is unknown.


METHODS
In a multicenter, open-label trial, we randomly assigned 776 patients with septic shock to undergo resuscitation with a mean arterial pressure target of either 80 to 85 mm Hg (high-target group) or 65 to 70 mm Hg (low-target group). The primary end point was mortality at day 28.


RESULTS
At 28 days, there was no significant between-group difference in mortality, with deaths reported in 142 of 388 patients in the high-target group (36.6%) and 132 of 388 patients in the low-target group (34.0%) (hazard ratio in the high-target group, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.38; P=0.57). There was also no significant difference in mortality at 90 days, with 170 deaths (43.8%) and 164 deaths (42.3%), respectively (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; P=0.74). The occurrence of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups (74 events [19.1%] and 69 events [17.8%], respectively; P=0.64). However, the incidence of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation was higher in the high-target group than in the low-target group. Among patients with chronic hypertension, those in the high-target group required less renal-replacement therapy than did those in the low-target group, but such therapy was not associated with a difference in mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Targeting a mean arterial pressure of 80 to 85 mm Hg, as compared with 65 to 70 mm Hg, in patients with septic shock undergoing resuscitation did not result in significant differences in mortality at either 28 or 90 days. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; SEPSISPAM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01149278.).
Person Re-Identification by Support Vector Ranking

Problem: This paper addresses the problem of multi-camera person reidentification as a ranking problem using a scaleable combination model of Boosting and Support Vector Machines. Related Work: Most existing work has concentrated on compiling feature sets as a template to describe an individual, followed by template matching using a direct distance measure chosen independently from the data [2, 4, 6]. Gray and Tao [3] proposed to use Adaboost to search through a large feature set for those features that are more relevant (more discriminative). Regardless of the choice of features and distance mea sures, re-identification by these approaches are difficult because the re is often too much of an overlap between feature distributions of different objects. Our Approach: In this work, we present a novel reformulation of the person re-identification problem. While previous approaches have looked a t this problem as a classification of correct vs incorrect match, we propo se an approach based on the information retrieval concept of document ranking [1]. The main difference between this approach and previous pers on re-identification techniques is that we are not concerned with comparing direct distance scores between correct and incorrect matches. Ins tead, we are only interested in the relative ranking of these scores that reflects the relevance of each likely match to the query image. There are two main approaches for ranking: Boosting and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Boosting involves picking weak rankers in each individual feature dimension, which is likely to lead to very weak rankers thus reducing matching effectiveness. In contrast, ranking SVMs seek to learn a ranking function in a higher dimensional feature space holistically (rather than individual feature dimension) where true matches and wrong matches can be made more separable than in the original feature space. However, they can also be computationally and spatially intensive when dealing with large numbers of negative samples. In order to overcome these problems, we explore an Ensemble of Primal SVMs (PRSVM) [1] that reduces the computation and memory cost by using several SVMs trained on subsets of the data while incorporating the SVM parameter C into the framework. Model Overview: Given a dataset X = {(xi,yi)}i=1 wherexi is a multidimensional feature vector representing the appearance of a person captured in one view,yi is its label andm is the number of training samples (images of people). Each query feature vector xi, has relevant feature vectors,x i, j, and related irrelevant feature vectors x − i, j′ . The goal of ranking any paired image relevance is to learn a ranking function δ for all pairs of (xi,x + i, j) and(xi,x − i, j′) such that the relevance ranking score δ (xi,x + i, j) is larger thanδ (xi,x i, j′). In our workδ is computed by a linear function w: δ (xi,xi, j) = w|xi − xi, j|, (1)
Muscle function in 164 men and women aged 20--84 yr.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aging in men and women on muscle functional properties, i.e., muscle force and force per unit of cross-sectional area (force/CSA).


METHODS
A total of 164 volunteers participated in this study and were divided into five groups according to their chronological age as follows: 20s (20--39 yr old), 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s (70--84 yr old). Isokinetic (0, 60, 180, and 300 degrees.s(-1)) knee extensor and flexor peak torque, and CSA of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle of the mid-thigh were measured.


RESULTS
Peak torque during knee extension and flexion was inversely related to age in both men and women. This was the case irrespective of the speed of contraction in both genders (men: r = -0.797 to -0.756, all P < 0.001, women: r = -0.639 to -0.530, all P < 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between CSA of QF and peak torque during isometric knee extension in men (r = 0.827, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.657, P < 0.001). During isometric contraction, the force/CSA exhibited a significant decrease with increasing age in men (r = -0.518, P < 0.001) but not in women (r = -0.207, NS).


CONCLUSION
These results thus suggest that muscle strength losses would be mainly due to a decline in muscle mass in both genders, whereas age-related decline in muscle function in men may also be the result of neural factors, such as muscle recruitment and/or specific tension.
Names and Similarities on the Web: Fact Extraction in the Fast Lane

In a new approach to large-scale extraction of facts from unstructured text, distributional similarities become an integral part of both the iterative acquisition of high-coverage contextual extraction patterns, and the validation and ranking of candidate facts. The evaluation measures the quality and coverage of facts extracted from one hundred million Web documents, starting from ten seed facts and using no additional knowledge, lexicons or complex tools.
Family quality of life and psychological well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: a double ABCX model.

BACKGROUND
This study examined family quality of life (FQOL) and psychological well-being from a multidimensional perspective. The proposed model was based on the double ABCX model, with severity of the disorder, behaviour problems, social support, sense of coherence (SOC) and coping strategies as components.


METHOD
One hundred and eighteen parents (59 mothers and 59 fathers) with a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) participated in the study. Separate path analyses were performed to evaluate models of FQOL and psychological well-being for mothers and fathers.


RESULTS
In all models, behaviour problems had a negative indirect effect on adaptation (FQOL and psychological well-being) through SOC. For both mothers and fathers, the severity of the disorder and social support played significant roles in FQOL models. Coping strategies were related with adaptation, active avoidance coping with FQOL for fathers and positive and problem-focused coping with psychological well-being for mothers.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study highlight the value of the multidimensional approach. The specific patterns of results for mothers and fathers contribute to comprehension of the psychological adaptation of parents. Findings could be taken into account in interventions with families.
Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers.

AIMS
The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol can be modified, and whether this affects drinking behaviour.


DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Forty-two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly to a condition in which they were implicitly trained to avoid or to approach alcohol, using a training variety of the alcohol Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants pushed or pulled a joystick in response to picture-format (landscape or portrait). The pictures depicted alcoholic or non-alcoholic drinks. Participants in the avoid-alcohol condition pushed most alcoholic and pulled most non-alcoholic drinks. For participants in the approach-alcohol condition these contingencies were reversed. After the implicit training, participants performed a taste test, including beers and soft drinks. Automatic action tendencies at post-test were assessed with the AAT, including both trained and untrained pictures, and with a different test (Implicit Association Test, IAT). We further tested effects on subjective craving.


RESULTS
Action tendencies for alcohol changed in accordance with training condition, with the largest effects in the clinically relevant avoid-alcohol condition. These effects occurred outside subjective awareness and generalized to new pictures in the AAT and to an entirely different test using words, rather than pictures (IAT). In relatively heavy drinking participants who demonstrated changed action tendencies in accordance with their training condition, effects were found on drinking behaviour, with participants in the approach-alcohol condition drinking more alcohol than participants in the avoid-alcohol condition. No effect was found on subjective craving.


CONCLUSIONS
Retraining automatic processes may help to regain control over addictive impulses, which points to new treatment possibilities.
A case-series of adverse events, positive re-challenge of symptoms, and events in identical twins following hepatitis B vaccination: analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database and literature review.

OBJECTIVES
Adverse events and positive re-challenge of symptoms reported in the scientific literature and to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) were examined.


METHODS
The VAERS and PubMed (1966-2003) were searched for autoimmune conditions including arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, myelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS), glomerulonephritis, pancytopenia/thrombocytopenia, fatigue, and chronic fatigue, and Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) following HBV.


RESULTS
HBV was associated with a number of serious conditions and positive re-challenge or significant exacerbation of symptoms following immunization. There were 415 arthritis, 166 rheumatoid arthritis, 130 myelitis, 4 SLE, 100 optic neuritis, 101 GBS, 29 glomerulonephritis, 283 pancytopenia/thrombocytopenia, and 183 MS events reportedfollowing HBV A total of 465 positive re-challenge adverse events were observed following adult HBV that occurred sooner and with more severity than initial adverse event reports. A case-report of arthritis occurring in identical twins was also identified.


CONCLUSIONS
Evidence from biological plausibility, case-reports, case-series, epidemiological, and now for positive re-challenge and exacerbation of symptoms, and events in identical twins was presented. One would have to consider that there is causal relationship between HBV and serious autoimmune disorders among certain susceptible vaccine recipients in a defined temporal period following immunization. In immunizing adults, the patient, with the help of their physician, should make an informed consent decision as to whether to be immunized or not, weighing the small risks of the adverse effects of HBV with the risk of exposure to deadly hepatitis B virus.
Oropharyngeal and esophageal interrelationships in patients with nonobstructive dysphagia

Normal swallowing requires the close functional coordination of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus, and if one of these components becomes functionally impaired, it is likely that the others may be affected. Using videofluoroscopy and manometry in this study, we examined the esophageal phase of swallowing in 12 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (group A) and the oropharyngeal components of swallowing in 29 patients with esophageal motor dysfunction and nonobstructive dysphagia (group B). A wide range of esophageal function abnormalities was seen in the first group, including delayed esophageal body peristalsis, spontaneous or simultaneous (tertiary) contractions, esophageal body dilation, proximal bolus redirection, and poor lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Manometrically, 92% of group A patients were classified as having nonspecific esophageal motility disorder (NSEMD). In a similar fashion, group B patients exhibited many oropharyngeal function abnormalities on videofluorography including disturbed lingual peristalsis, slowed pharyngeal transit time with poor constriction of pharyngeal muscles, and laryngeal vestibular and tracheal bolus penetration. Manometrically, group B patients were classified as having NSEMD, achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, scleroderma, and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. In conclusion, oropharyngeal function is significantly altered in patients with esophageal motility disorders and dysphagia, and esophageal motor dysfunction occurs in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. These changes may represent either a compensatory mechanism or concomitant involvement of the oropharynx or the esophagus by the underlying neuromotor disorder. We suggest that assessment by esophageal motility and videofluoroscopy of both the oropharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing may improve diagnosis and therapy in patients with nonobstructive dysphagia.
Humanitarian intervention and cultural translation: a review of the iasc Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings

In this article, we place the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings’ within the historical context of trauma healing and humanitarian intervention.The IASC taskforce has done important work by bringing to the fore the cultural and local experiences of su¡ering in humanitarian intervention. The guidelines’ recognition of su¡ering and social repair as a holistic experience is a signi¢cant boon to applied understandings of populations in crisis. Our critique of the guidelines addresses some aspects of the practical application of mental health and psychosocial care. We highlight (1) the framing of ‘culture’ , and (2) the institutional cultures and structural hierarchies of humanitarian intervention. The article concludes with recommendations for integrating a blend of mental health, psychosocial care, and humanitarian intervention into the humanitarian established order.
DICAS: Detection, Diagnosis and Isolation of Control Attacks in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks enable a wide range of applications in both military and civilian domains. However, the deployment scenarios, the functionality requirements, and the limited capabilities of these networks expose them to a wide-range of attacks against control traffic (such as wormholes, Sybil attacks, rushing attacks, etc). In this paper we propose a lightweight protocol called DICAS that mitigates these attacks by detecting, diagnosing, and isolating the malicious nodes. DICAS uses as a fundamental building block the ability of a node to oversee its neighboring nodes’ communication. On top of DICAS, we build a secure routing protocol, LSR, which in addition supports multiple node-disjoint paths. We analyze the security guarantees of DICAS and use ns-2 simulations to show its effectiveness against three representative attacks. Overhead analysis is conducted to prove the lightweight nature of DICAS.
Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis or Trapeziectomy with Ligament Reconstruction in Primary Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A 5-Year Follow-Up.

PURPOSE
To compare the long-term outcomes of trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) with trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis for osteoarthritis (OA) of the basal thumb joint.


METHODS
Patients were evaluated for pain, daily functioning, strength, and complications after a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. Generalized estimating equations statistics were used to compare repeated measurements over time in both groups.


RESULTS
After 5 years, patients who had trapeziectomy with LRTI had significantly better pain reduction and function than the arthrodesis group. Pain and function in the LRTI group continued to improve compared with the results 1 year after surgery, whereas the arthrodesis group did not change. Grip and pinch strength were higher than 1 year after surgery but were not different between groups. In the arthrodesis group, 1 patient was reoperated for nonunion between 1 year and a mean of 5 years after surgery, resulting in a total of 18% nonunion. Another patient underwent reoperation for hardware-related pain. One patient from each group required reoperation because of pain due to scaphotrapeziotrapezoid OA.


CONCLUSIONS
Trapeziectomy with LRTI leads to better pain reduction and functional outcome after between 1 and 5 years compared with trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis in women over 40 years old with OA stages II to III.


TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic IV.
The effectiveness of an accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational educational programme in reducing anxiety and increasing satisfaction of patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of an accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational educational programme in reducing anxiety and increasing satisfaction with the information and materials received by patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation.


BACKGROUND
Cardiac catheterisation is one of the most anxiety-provoking invasive procedures for patients. However, informational education using multimedia to inform patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation has not been extensively explored.


DESIGN
A randomised experimental design with three-cohort prospective comparisons.


METHODS
In total, 123 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: regular education; (group 1), accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational education (group 2) and instructional digital videodisc education (group 3). Anxiety was measured with Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, which was administered at four time intervals: before education (T0), immediately after education (T1), before cardiac catheterisation (T2) and one day after cardiac catheterisation (T3). A satisfaction questionnaire was administrated one day after cardiac catheterisation. Data were collected from May 2009-September 2010 and analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe's post hoc test and generalised estimating equations.


RESULTS
All patients experienced moderate anxiety at T0 to low anxiety at T3. Accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational education patients had significantly lower anxiety levels and felt the most satisfied with the information and materials received compared with patients in groups 1 and 3. A statistically significant difference in anxiety levels was only found at T2 among the three groups (p = 0·004).


CONCLUSIONS
The findings demonstrate that the accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational education was the most effective informational educational module for informing patients about their upcoming cardiac catheterisation, to reduce anxiety and improve satisfaction with the information and materials received compared with the regular education and instructional digital videodisc education.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
As the accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational education reduced patient anxiety and improved satisfaction with the information and materials received, it can be adapted to complement patient education in future regular cardiac care.