LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Redefining the Vascular Classifications of the Lateral Supramalleolar Flap.

BACKGROUND
The blood supply of the lateral supramalleolar flap (LSMF) generally comes from the perforating branch of the peroneal artery. However, the cutaneous branch may also receive blood from the anterior tibial artery. The main objective of the present study was to clarify the vascular anatomy of the LSMF.


METHODS
Anatomical dissections were performed on 28 perfused fresh cadaver legs. The cutaneous branches of LSMF were identified, and the anatomic relationship between the cutaneous branches and the peroneal and anterior tibial arteries was analyzed.


RESULTS
The vascular supply for LSMF was divided into 2 main types. A collateral inferolateral branch from the anterior tibial artery anastomosed with the perforating branch of the peroneal artery around the inferior tibiofibular angle, and the main cutaneous branch of the flap arose from this arterial anastomosis in 20 of 28 limbs (71.4%). The collateral inferolateral branch was absent or very small in the other 8 of 28 dissections (28.6%), and the cutaneous branches solely arose from the perforating branch of the peroneal artery. The anastomosis of the descending branch of the peroneal artery and anterior lateral malleolar artery was always (100%) found around the tibiotalar joint.


CONCLUSIONS
In addition to the perforating branch of the peroneal artery, the LSMF may also receive blood from the anterior tibial artery through the collateral inferolateral branch. New modified proximally based flaps could be designed, and caution is warranted for these variations when a distally based flap is performed.
The use of building simulation within an architectural practice

This paper documents the development and implementation and use of simulation within an architectural practice and reports how its use facilitates the practice's commitment to Sustainable Design.
A new design of the reversible subtractor circuit

In [1] we have presented the reversible subtractor designs based on a new reversible TR gate (TR refers to Thapliyal Ranganathan). In [1] as the quantum gates implementation of the TR gate was not known, only the upper bound on the quantum cost of the reversible subtractors units were established. In this work, we present a new design of the reversible half subtractor based on the quantum gates implementation of the reversible TR gate. The reversible TR gate is designed from 2×2 quantum gates such as CNOT and Controlled-V and Controlled-V+ gates. The design of the proposed reversible half subtractor is shown to be better than the design presented in [2], [1] in terms of the quantum cost and delay while maintaining the minimum number of garbage outputs. Further, we present a new design of the reversible full subtractor based on the proposed quantum gates implementation of the TR gate. The proposed reversible full subtractor is optimized in terms of quantum cost, delay and garbage outputs by utilizing the identity property of V and V+ reversible gates. The proposed reversible full subtractor is shown to be better than the existing design reported in [3], [1]. The reversible subtractors proposed in this work will be useful in a number of digital signal processing applications.
Pedestrian detection by means of far-infrared stereo vision

This article presents a stereo system for the detection of pedestrians using far-infrared cameras. Since pedestrian detection in far-infrared images can be difficult in some environmental conditions, the system exploits three different detection approaches: warm area detection, edge-based detection, and disparity computation. A final validation process is performed using head morphological and thermal characteristics. Currently, neither temporal correlation, nor motion cues are used in this processing. The developed system has been implemented on an experimental vehicle equipped with two infrared cameras and preliminarily tested in different situations. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of supplementing urea-treated barley straw with lucerne or vetch hays on feed intake, digestibility and growth of Arsi Bale Sheep

The study was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia to assess the supplementation of graded levels of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa `lana’) and lucerne (Medicago sativa,’ Hunter river’) hay on feed intake, digestibility and body weight (BW) change of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated barley straw (UTBS). A 7 day- digestibility and a 90 day- feed intake trials were conducted using 28 and 35 sheep, respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with seven dietary treatments that consisted of feeding UTBS (T1) as the control treatment, UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g dry matter (DM) per day of vetch for T2, T3, T4, respectively and UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g DM per day of lucerne for T5, T6 and T7, respectively. Intake of UTBS was not affected (P > 0.05) by inclusion of lucerne hay at 25–35% of daily DM intake. The supplements increased daily intake of total DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) (P < 0.001) as well as apparent digestibility of DM, OM (P < 0.001), NDF (P < 0.01), ADF, crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and daily BW gain (P < 0.001). Supplementation with lucerne than vetch hay promoted higher (P < 0.001) CP and ME intakes and daily BW gain. Feeding with the UTBS without supplementation was enough to meet the maintenance requirements of the sheep and allow small BW gain. The results of the study showed that urea treatment of barley straw in conjunction with supplementation of lucerne or vetch hay could serve as a useful strategy in improving smallholder sheep production in the tropics.
RSSI-based relative localisation for mobile robots

In this work, we develop an anchor-less relative localisation algorithm aimed to be used in multi-robot teams. The localisation is performed based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) readings collected from the messages exchanged between nodes. We use the RSSI as a rough estimate of the inverse of distance between any pair of communicating nodes, and we claim that such estimates provide a coarse information of the nodes relative localisation that is still suitable to support several coordination tasks. In addition, we introduce a relative velocity estimation framework based on the RSSI measurements. This framework uses consecutive distance measurements and position estimates to provide the relative velocity vectors for all the nodes in the network. To accomplish this, we propose using a Kalman filter and the Floyd–Warshall algorithm to generate smooth RSSI pairwise signal distance for all nodes. Then we use Multidimensional Scaling to obtain relative positions from the pairwise distances. Finally, due to anchor unavailability, relative positions are adjusted to reflect the continuous mobility by using geometric transformations, thus obtaining smoother trajectories for mobile nodes. This allows us to estimate velocity and to establish a correspondence between orientation in the physical world and in the relative coordinates system. Additionally, we study the impact of several parameters in calculating the network topology, namely different approaches to provide a symmetric distances matrix, the period of the matrix dissemination, the use of synchronisation of the transmissions, and the filtering of the RSSI data. Experimental results, with a set of MicaZ motes, show that the period of matrix dissemination is the most relevant of the parameters, specifically with larger periods providing the best results, however, shorter periods are shown to be possible as long as the transmissions are synchronised. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development and validation of the Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument to facilitate selection of women for bone densitometry.

BACKGROUND
Although mass screening for osteoporosis is not recommended among postmenopausal women, there is no consensus on which women should undergo testing for low bone mineral density. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a clinical tool to help clinicians identify which women are at increased risk for osteoporosis and should therefore undergo further testing with bone densitometry.


METHODS
Using Ontario baseline data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, we identified all cognitively normal women aged 45 years or more who had undergone testing with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at both the femoral neck and the lumbar spine (L1-L4). Participants who had a previous diagnosis of osteoporosis or were taking bone active medication other than ovarian hormones were excluded. The main outcome measure was low bone mineral density (T score of 2 or more standard deviations below the mean for young Canadian women) at either the femoral neck or the lumbar spine. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to identify the simplest algorithm that would identify women at increased risk for low bone mineral density.


RESULTS
The study population comprised 1376 women, of whom 926 were allocated to the development of the tool and 450 to its validation. A simple algorithm based on age, weight and current estrogen use (yes or no) was developed. Validation of this 3-item Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument (ORAI) showed that the tool had a sensitivity of 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86.3%-97.0%) and a specificity of 46.4% (95% CI 41.0%-51.8%) for selecting women with low bone mineral density. The sensitivity of the instrument for selecting women with osteoporosis was 94.4% (95% CI 83.7%-98.6%). Use of the ORAI represented a 38.7% reduction in DXA testing compared with screening all women in our study.


INTERPRETATION
The ORAI accurately identifies the vast majority of women likely to have low bone mineral density and is effective in substantially decreasing the need for all women to undergo DXA testing.
Spinal manipulative therapy has an immediate effect on thermal pain sensitivity in people with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Current evidence suggests that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is effective in the treatment of people with low back pain (LBP); however, the corresponding mechanisms are unknown. Hypoalgesia is associated with SMT and is suggestive of specific mechanisms.


OBJECTIVE
The primary purpose of this study was to assess the immediate effects of SMT on thermal pain perception in people with LBP. A secondary purpose was to determine whether the resulting hypoalgesia was a local effect and whether psychological influences were associated with changes in pain perception.


DESIGN
This study was a randomized controlled trial.


SETTING
A sample of convenience was recruited from community and outpatient clinics.


PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-six people (10 men, 26 women) currently experiencing LBP participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 32.39 (SD=12.63) years, and the average duration of LBP was 221.79 (SD=365.37) weeks.


INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS
Baseline demographic and psychological measurements were obtained, followed by quantitative sensory testing to assess temporal summation and Adelta fiber-mediated pain perception. Next, participants were randomly assigned to ride a stationary bicycle, perform low back extension exercises, or receive SMT. Finally, the same quantitative sensory testing protocol was reassessed to determine the immediate effects of each intervention on thermal pain sensitivity.


RESULTS
Hypoalgesia to Adelta fiber-mediated pain perception was not observed. Group-dependent hypoalgesia of temporal summation specific to the lumbar innervated region was observed. Pair-wise comparisons indicated significant hypoalgesia in participants who received SMT, but not in those who rode a stationary bicycle or performed low back extension exercises. Psychological factors did not significantly correlate with changes in temporal summation in participants who received SMT.


LIMITATIONS
Only immediate effects of SMT were measured, so the authors are unable to comment on whether the inhibition of temporal summation is a lasting effect. Furthermore, the authors are unable to comment on the relationship between their findings and changes in clinical pain.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhibition of Adelta fiber-mediated pain perception was similar for all groups. However, inhibition of temporal summation was observed only in participants receiving SMT, suggesting a modulation of dorsal horn excitability that was observed primarily in the lumbar innervated area.
Nonassociative geometry in quasi-Hopf representation categories I: Bimodules and their internal homomorphisms

We systematically study noncommutative and nonassociative algebras A and their bimodules as algebras and bimodules internal to the representation category of a quasitriangular quasi-Hopf algebra. We enlarge the morphisms of the monoidal category of A-bimodules by internal homomorphisms, and describe explicitly their evaluation and composition morphisms. For braided commutative algebras A the full subcategory of symmetric A-bimodule objects is a braided closed monoidal category, from which we obtain an internal tensor product operation on internal homomorphisms. We describe how these structures deform under cochain twisting of the quasi-Hopf algebra, and apply the formalism to the example of deformation quantization of equivariant vector bundles over a smooth manifold. Our constructions set up the basic ingredients for the systematic development of differential geometry internal to the quasi-Hopf representation category, which will be tackled in the sequels to this paper, together with applications to models of noncommutative and nonassociative gravity such as those anticipated from non-geometric string theory. Report no.: EMPG–14–17
Using text mining for study identification in systematic reviews: a systematic review of current approaches

BACKGROUND
The large and growing number of published studies, and their increasing rate of publication, makes the task of identifying relevant studies in an unbiased way for inclusion in systematic reviews both complex and time consuming. Text mining has been offered as a potential solution: through automating some of the screening process, reviewer time can be saved. The evidence base around the use of text mining for screening has not yet been pulled together systematically; this systematic review fills that research gap. Focusing mainly on non-technical issues, the review aims to increase awareness of the potential of these technologies and promote further collaborative research between the computer science and systematic review communities.


METHODS
Five research questions led our review: what is the state of the evidence base; how has workload reduction been evaluated; what are the purposes of semi-automation and how effective are they; how have key contextual problems of applying text mining to the systematic review field been addressed; and what challenges to implementation have emerged? We answered these questions using standard systematic review methods: systematic and exhaustive searching, quality-assured data extraction and a narrative synthesis to synthesise findings.


RESULTS
The evidence base is active and diverse; there is almost no replication between studies or collaboration between research teams and, whilst it is difficult to establish any overall conclusions about best approaches, it is clear that efficiencies and reductions in workload are potentially achievable. On the whole, most suggested that a saving in workload of between 30% and 70% might be possible, though sometimes the saving in workload is accompanied by the loss of 5% of relevant studies (i.e. a 95% recall).


CONCLUSIONS
Using text mining to prioritise the order in which items are screened should be considered safe and ready for use in 'live' reviews. The use of text mining as a 'second screener' may also be used cautiously. The use of text mining to eliminate studies automatically should be considered promising, but not yet fully proven. In highly technical/clinical areas, it may be used with a high degree of confidence; but more developmental and evaluative work is needed in other disciplines.
A Successful HSCT in a Girl with Novel LRBA Mutation with Refractory Celiac Disease

To the Editor The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body. One of the major functions of the gastrointestinal tract is maintaining of the balance between active immunity, tolerance and immunosuppression. Dysregulation of this physiologic process can lead to diseases such as food allergy, celiac disease (CD) or inflammatory bowel disease [1]. Therefore, gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea and malabsorption might be indicative of primary immunodeficiency diseases [1]. A 10-year-old girl referred to our clinic with a six-year history of chronic watery diarrhea and unresponsiveness to a gluten free diet. She had been evaluated and treated previously for chronic diarrhea, intermittent fever, recurrent pneumonia, candida esophagitis, pancytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypolipidemia, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies. She was diagnosed with CD, based on serologic and histopathological findings. She was placed on a strict gluten free diet for a year, but diarrhea did not improve. She has two healthy brothers. Her parents were consanguineous. On physical examination, she was cachectic; with height for age below 3 % (height SDS −5.18) and weight for age below 3 % (weight SDS −5.27). Bone age and height age of the patient were 6 years, 10 months and 5 years, 3 months, respectively. She had protuberant abdomen and clubbing. Liver and spleenwere palpable at 1 cm and 4 cm below the costal margins. Laboratory tests revealed mildly increased liver transaminases. Hemoglobin was 8.32 g/dl; MCV, 85 fL; RDW, 23.4 %; white blood cell, 5570/mm; platelet, 230,000/mm; reticulocyte count, 1 % and ferritin, 2.8 ng/ml. Coombs test was negative. Sedimentation rate was 18 mm/h, C-reactive protein, 1.78 mg/dl. Stool examinations were normal. 25-hydroxi vitamin D level was 25.7 ng/ml. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was 3.5 ng/mL (Normal, 108–648 ng/mL) and insulin like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3), 580 ng/mL (Normal, 2690–7200 ng/mL). Stimulated IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were 2.85 ng/mL and 720 ng/mL, respectively, both markedly reduced. Basal and stimulated growth hormone levels were compatible with growth hormone insensitivity (12.9 ng/mL and 9.79 ng/mL, respectively). Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA was positive with a titer of 200 IU/ml. Thyroid auto-antibodies, anti-saccharomyces cerevicea antibody and pANCA were negative. Bone mineral density showed severe osteoporosis (Z score, −5). Chest X-ray showed reticular density in the parenchyma of the lung. High-resolution chest tomography showed bilateral tubular bronchiectasis. Smear staining for acid resistant bacteria and tuberculosis PCR, and culture were negative. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed scalloping in the duodenal mucosa. Colonoscopy showed nonspecific Buket Dalgic and Aydan Ikinciogullari contributed equally to this work.
Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND
Recent studies indicate an increased frequency of mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a deficiency of which causes Gaucher's disease, among patients with Parkinson's disease. We aimed to ascertain the frequency of GBA mutations in an ethnically diverse group of patients with Parkinson's disease.


METHODS
Sixteen centers participated in our international, collaborative study: five from the Americas, six from Europe, two from Israel, and three from Asia. Each center genotyped a standard DNA panel to permit comparison of the genotyping results across centers. Genotypes and phenotypic data from a total of 5691 patients with Parkinson's disease (780 Ashkenazi Jews) and 4898 controls (387 Ashkenazi Jews) were analyzed, with multivariate logistic-regression models and the Mantel-Haenszel procedure used to estimate odds ratios across centers.


RESULTS
All 16 centers could detect two GBA mutations, L444P and N370S. Among Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 15% of patients and 3% of controls, and among non-Ashkenazi Jewish subjects, either mutation was found in 3% of patients and less than 1% of controls. GBA was fully sequenced for 1883 non-Ashkenazi Jewish patients, and mutations were identified in 7%, showing that limited mutation screening can miss half the mutant alleles. The odds ratio for any GBA mutation in patients versus controls was 5.43 across centers. As compared with patients who did not carry a GBA mutation, those with a GBA mutation presented earlier with the disease, were more likely to have affected relatives, and were more likely to have atypical clinical manifestations.


CONCLUSIONS
Data collected from 16 centers demonstrate that there is a strong association between GBA mutations and Parkinson's disease.
Attitudes toward neonatal intensive care treatment of preterm infants with a high risk of developing long-term disabilities.

OBJECTIVES
To assess (1) the differences in attitudes toward disabilities of 3 groups of subjects involved in neonatal care decision-making: health care workers, mothers of term infants, and parents of preterm infants, and (2) the impact of subject characteristics on these attitudes including parental education level, religion, and severity of disability.


METHODS
Five hundred seventy-eight subjects were interviewed, of whom 135 were health care workers, 155 were mothers of term infants, and 288 were parents of preterm infants. We assessed between-group differences of the (1) health state ranking permutations, (2) proportion of subjects willing to save the infant at all costs, (3) pivotal risks of each group to the 5 health states comprising varying combinations of mental, physical, and social disabilities, and (4) impact of personal characteristics on decision-making.


RESULTS
Most health care workers ranked the most severe disability health state as worse than death, whereas most parents of preterm infants ranked death as the worst outcome. Significantly more parents of preterm infants chose to save the infant at all costs, compared with mothers of term infants and health care workers, and the pivotal risks of the parents of preterm infants group were highest for all health states. Religious worship was associated with increased probability of saving at all costs and pivotal risks. Increased severity of neonatal complications was associated with decreased probability of saving at all costs and pivotal risks in parents of preterm infants.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that parents of preterm infants as a group were most likely to save the infant at all costs and prepared to tolerate more severe disability health states. However, personal characteristics, in particular religious belief and severity of neonatal complications, have overriding influence on these attitudes. We suggest inclusion of experienced parents of preterm infants for more effective counseling of parents in making life-and-death decisions.