LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Views of emergency physicians working in university and state hospitals in Turkey regarding the use of analgesics in patients with acute abdominal pain.

BACKGROUND
Use of narcotic analgesics in patients with acute abdominal pain does not cause delayed misdiagnosis, increases patient comfort and does not suppresses physical examination. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes anddaily practices of emergency medicine (EM) specialists, residents and faculty members in Turkey on the use of analgesics in patients with acute abdominal pain and factors affecting their decisions on the use of analgesics.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed between November 15, 2013 and January 25, 2014 by conducting a questionnaire to EM physicians working in University Hospitals, Education and Research Hospitals of the Ministry of Health, State Hospitals, and Private Hospitals in Turkey.


RESULTS
A total of 803 questionnaires (participation rate: 47%) were completed. 59.3% (n=470) of the participants were research assistants. 49.5% of the participants reported that analgesic drugs "suppressed'' physical examination findings. They stated that 90% of the patients "always'' and "often'' requested analgesics and that 34.6% of surgery consultant physicians "rarely" recommended the use of analgesics, while 28.7% "never" recommended, and that there was no common policy established together with surgical departments (79.1%). According to the comparison between the EM specialists and residents, residents in the group stating that they would "never'' use analgesics were higher than specialists in number (p=0.002); residents reported that they administered analgesics "upon surgical intervention decision", while specialists reported that they administered analgesics "after patient's examination and treatment plan" (p=0.021); residents reported that analgesics "suppressed'' physical examination findings, while specialists reported that analgesics "clarified'' physical examination findings (p<0.0001); residents reported that they did not administer analgesics "before examination by surgeon'', while specialists reported otherwise (p=0.0001). Senior residents (>24 months) reported that they administered analgesics "often'' compared to junior residents (p=0.034) and that junior residents believed that the use of analgesics would "suppress physical examination findings'' at a higher percentage (p=0.002).


CONCLUSION
The rates of use of analgesics in patients with acute abdominal pain by EM physicians are very low. The rates of use of analgesics by EM residents are much lower compared to EM specialists, and they highly believe that analgesic drugs suppress physical examination findings. Residents tend to administer analgesic drugs at a later stage. As seniority of residents increases, the rate of analgesics use and the opinion that analgesic drugs have no effect on physical examination findings increases.
Word Length and the Structure of Short-Term Memory

A number of experiments explored the hypothesis that immediate memory span is not constant, but varies with the length of the words to be recalled. Results showed: (1) Memory span is inversely related to word length across a wide range of materials; (2) When number of syllables and number of phonemes are held constant, words of short temporal duration are better recalled than words of long duration; (3) Span could be predicted on the basis of the number of words which the subject can read in approximately 2 sec; (4) When articulation is suppressed by requiring the subject to articulate an irrelevant sound, the word length effect disappears with visual presentation, but remains when presentation is auditory. The results are interpreted in terms of a phonemically-based store of limited temporal capacity, which may function as an output buffer for speech production, and as a supplement to a more central working memory system.
A statistical approach to motion vector field smoothing for block-based motion-compensated frame interpolation

This paper proposes a new approach to motion vector field smoothing for block-based motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI). Based on the assumption that an observed motion vector field, which is the result of a block-based motion estimation (BME), is a degraded version of the true motion vector field, we calculate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the true motion vector field from the observed. The degradation and the true motion vector field are modeled as additive Gaussian noise and a Markov random field, respectively. Iterative conditional modes (ICM) method is used for calculating the MAP estimate. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only smoothes MVFs but also preserves motion boundaries better than the existing methods.
Knowledge Management as a Catalyst for Innovation within Organizations: A Qualitative Study

The need for organizations to innovate and furthermore to ceaselessly innovate is stressed throughout the modern management literature on innovation. This need comes from increasing competition and customer demands and new market areas. Closely linked, but not synonymous, with innovation is the body of knowledge referred to collectively as knowledge management. Within this discourse knowledge is considered as a potential key competitive advantage, by helping to increase innovation within the organization. This paper focuses on the role of knowledge management in sustaining and enhancing innovation in organizations. In particular the paper seeks to establish a knowledge management model within which the principles of innovation can be incorporated. First, there is a brief review of the innovation and knowledge management literature and their respective synergies. From this literature a possible knowledge management model which incorporates innovation is suggested. Second, a research study is discussed which seeks to further examine and develop the model using an inductive grounded theory approach. The study involved socially constructed workshops representing 25 organizations, each of which constructed meanings in regard to innovation and the key areas of knowledge management as outlined in the model. Overall it was found that effective systematic knowledge management can incorporate innovation drivers in key areas which will result in both increased business and employee bene®ts. Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective, multicenter study of cardiac-based seizure detection to activate vagus nerve stimulation

PURPOSE
This study investigates the performance of a cardiac-based seizure detection algorithm (CBSDA) that automatically triggers VNS (NCT01325623).


METHODS
Thirty-one patients with drug resistant epilepsy were evaluated in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) to assess algorithm performance and near-term clinical benefit. Long-term efficacy and safety were evaluated with combined open and closed-loop VNS.


RESULTS
Sixty-six seizures (n=16 patients) were available from the EMU for analysis. In 37 seizures (n=14 patients) a ≥ 20% heart rate increase was found and 11 (n=5 patients) were associated with ictal tachycardia (iTC, 55% or 35 bpm heart rate increase, minimum of 100 bpm). Multiple CBSDA settings achieved a sensitivity of ≥ 80%. False positives ranged from 0.5 to 7.2/h. 27/66 seizures were stimulated within ± 2 min of seizure onset. In 10/17 of these seizures, where triggered VNS overlapped with ongoing seizure activity, seizure activity stopped during stimulation. Physician-scored seizure severity (NHS3-scale) showed significant improvement for complex partial seizures (CPS) at EMU discharge and through 12 months (p<0.05). Patient-scored seizure severity (total SSQ score) showed significant improvement at 3 and 6 months. Quality of life (total QOLIE-31-P score) showed significant improvement at 12 months. The responder rate (≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency) at 12 months was 29.6% (n=8/27). Safety profiles were comparable to prior VNS trials.


CONCLUSIONS
The investigated CBSDA has a high sensitivity and an acceptable specificity for triggering VNS. Despite the moderate effects on seizure frequency, combined open- and closed-loop VNS may provide valuable improvements in seizure severity and QOL in refractory epilepsy patients.
Characterization theorems in finite geometry

In this paper we develop a theory for nearaffine planes analogous to the theory of ordinary affine translation planes. In a subsequent paper we shall use this theory to give a characterization of a certain class of Minkowski planes.
Augmented Reality as a Design Tool for Mobile Interfaces

This paper challenges user interface paradigms for mobile devices, by using the technical classification of augmented reality interfaces as a thinking tool to develop ideas for interaction with mobile devices. The paper presents future work scenarios from a wastewater treatment plant embodying PDA applications derived from the classification of augmented reality interfaces. The focus on physical interaction with objects of work and with the mobile device provides us with a range of interaction styles, based on e.g. gestures and manipulation of objects. Furthermore, issues of transparency and directness are addressed. The future scenarios indicate that the concepts of augmented reality support solving context problems in mobile design.
Our study 20 years on: UK collaborative randomised trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

The successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) had first been reported by Hill in adults in 1972 [1], and Bartlett [2] in neonates in 1975. In 1979, a negative adult trial [2, 3] contrasted to consistently favourable results in neonates leading to the rapid adoption of neonatal ECMO in the USA. However the poor quality of the two early US trials of neonatal ECMO [4, 5] inhibited its wider diffusion with particular concerns about lack of evidence on cost-effectiveness and longterm outcomes [6]. Our trial [7] was a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) recruiting 185 neonates with severe respiratory failure. At 1 year of age 60 % survivors in the ECMO group were alive without severe disability, compared to 40 % in the conventional treatment group. These positive results spurred on the development of neonatal ECMO services internationally although some trialists criticised our pragmatic design based in a live health system, citing our failure to move conventionally treated babies to ‘expert’ centres [8]. Evidence supporting neonatal ECMO was presented in a meta-analysis rigorously which concluded that “A policy of ECMO in mature infants with severe but potentially reversible respiratory failure would result in significantly improved survival without increased risk of severe disability amongst survivors” [9]. One further RCT, only ever published in abstract form, was included in this meta-analysis. Of the 95 babies with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) enrolled, 93 % survived to hospital discharge compared to 54 % of those treated conventionally with no neurodevelopmental difference at 2-year follow-up [10], similar findings to our own study. Follow‐up studies Neurodevelopmental Follow-up of our trial cohorts at 4 years showed that the range of morbidity had widened since the 1-year assessments. Two-thirds of children recorded cognitive levels within the normal range. Sixty per cent of survivors had abnormal neuromotor function, but there were no differences between the two trial groups and no evidence of right-hemisphere deficits in veno-arterial ECMO survivors. Fifty per cent of known ECMO survivors had no disability compared 37 % of ‘conventional’ survivors. Behavioural difficulties were more commonly reported in the ‘conventional’ survivors than the ECMO survivors. At 7 years, a psychologist assessed 90 of the 100 children available for follow-up without prior knowledge of treatment allocation. Seventy-six per cent of children recorded a cognitive level within the normal range. The distribution of learning problems was similar in the two groups. A higher incidence of behavioural problems was noted among children treated conventionally. Importantly the beneficial influence of a policy of ECMO rather than conventional support was still present after 7 years, with some evidence of reduced morbidity in the ECMO group.
New TPC Benchmarks for Decision Support and Web Commerce

For as long as there have been DBMS's and applications that use them, there has been interest in the performance characteristics that these systems exhibit. This month's column describes some of the recent work that has taken place in TPC, the Transaction Processing Performance Council.TPC-A and TPC-B are obsolete benchmarks that you might have heard about in the past. TPC-C V3.5 is the current benchmark for OLTP systems. Introduced in 1992, it has been run on many hardware platforms and DBMS's. Indeed, the TPC web site currently lists 202 TPC-C benchmark results. Due to its maturity, TPC-C will not be discussed in this article.We've asked two very knowledgeable individuals to write this article. Meikel Poess is the chair of the TPC H and TPC-R Subcommittees and Chris Floyd is the chair of the TPC-W Subcommittee. We greatly appreciate their efforts.A wealth of information can be found at the TPC web site [ 1 ]. This information includes the benchmark specifications themselves, TPC membership information, and benchmark results.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of aripiprazole for the treatment of psychosis in nursing home patients with Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole treatment for psychotic symptoms associated with Alzheimer disease (AD).


METHODS
In this parallel group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose trial, institutionalized subjects with AD and psychotic symptoms were randomized to aripiprazole (n = 131) or placebo (n = 125) for 10 weeks. The aripiprazole starting dose was 2 mg/day, and could be titrated to higher doses (5, 10, and 15 mg/day) based on efficacy and tolerability.


RESULTS
No significant differences in mean change [2 x SD] from baseline between aripiprazole (mean dose approximately 9 mg/day at endpoint; range = 0.7-15.0 mg) and placebo were detected in the coprimary efficacy endpoints of Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH) Psychosis score (aripiprazole, -4.53 [9.23]; placebo, -4.62 [9.56]; F = 0.02, df = 1, 222, p = 0.883 [ANCOVA]) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Severity score (aripiprazole, -0.57 [1.63]; placebo, -0.43 [1.65]; F = 1.67, df = 1, 220, p = 0.198 [ANCOVA]) at endpoint. However, improvements in several secondary efficacy measures (NPI-NH Total, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Total, CGI - improvement, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and Cornell Depression Scale scores) indicated that aripiprazole may confer clinical benefits beyond the primary outcome measures. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were similar in both groups, except for somnolence (aripiprazole, 14%; placebo, 4%). Somnolence with aripiprazole was of mild or moderate intensity, and not associated with accidental injury. Incidence of AEs related to extrapyramidal symptoms was low with aripiprazole (5%) and placebo (4%).


CONCLUSIONS
In nursing home residents with AD and psychosis, aripiprazole did not confer specific benefits for the treatment of psychotic symptoms; but psychological and behavioral symptoms, including agitation, anxiety, and depression, were improved with aripiprazole, with a low risk of AEs.
Investigating Pilot Performance Using Mixed-Modality Simulated Data Link

OBJECTIVE
General aviation (GA) pilot performance utilizing a mixed-modality simulated data link was objectively evaluated based on the time required in accessing, understanding, and executing data link commands. Additional subjective data were gathered on workload, situation awareness (SA), and preference.


BACKGROUND
Research exploring mixed-modality data link integration to the single-pilot GA cockpit is lacking, especially with respect to potential effects on safety.


METHODS
Sixteen visual flight rules (VFR)-rated pilots participated in an experiment using a flight simulator equipped with a mixed-modality data link. Data link modalities were text display, synthesized speech, digitized speech, and synthesized speech/text combination. Flight conditions included VFR (unlimited ceiling and visibility) or marginal VFR flight conditions (clouds 2,800 ft above ground level, 3-mile visibility).


RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were found in pilot performance, mental workload, and SA across the data link modalities. Textual data link resulted in increased time and workload as compared with the three speech-type data link conditions, which did not differ. SA measures indicated higher performance with textual and digitized speech data link conditions.


CONCLUSION
Textual data link can be significantly enhanced for single-pilot GA operations by the addition of a speech component.


APPLICATION
Potential applications include operational safety in future GA systems that incorporate data link for use by a single pilot and guidance in the development of flight performance objectives for these systems.
Apparent diffusion coefficient changes in human brain during sleep – Does it inform on the existence of a glymphatic system?

The role of sleep in brain physiology is poorly understood. Recently rodent studies have shown that the glymphatic system clears waste products from brain more efficiently during sleep compared to wakefulness due to the expansion of the interstitial fluid space facilitating entry of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain. Here, we studied water diffusivity in the brain during sleep and awake conditions, hypothesizing that an increase in water diffusivity during sleep would occur concomitantly with an expansion of CSF volume - an effect that we predicted based on preclinical findings would be most prominent in cerebellum. We used MRI to measure slow and fast components of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in the brain in 50 healthy participants, in 30 of whom we compared awake versus sleep conditions and in 20 of whom we compared rested-wakefulness versus wakefulness following one night of sleep-deprivation. Sleep compared to wakefulness was associated with increases in slow-ADC in cerebellum and left temporal pole and with decreases in fast-ADC in thalamus, insula, parahippocampus and striatal regions, and the density of sleep arousals was inversely associated with ADC changes. The CSF volume was also increased during sleep and was associated with sleep-induced changes in ADCs in cerebellum. There were no differences in ADCs with wakefulness following sleep deprivation compared to rested-wakefulness. Although we hypothesized increases in ADC with sleep, our findings uncovered both increases in slow ADC (mostly in cerebellum) as well as decreases in fast ADC, which could reflect the distinct biological significance of fast- and slow-ADC values in relation to sleep. While preliminary, our findings suggest a more complex sleep-related glymphatic function in the human brain compared to rodents. On the other hand, our findings of sleep-induced changes in CSF volume provide preliminary evidence that is consistent with a glymphatic transport process in the human brain.
Porcine model of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVES
To validate a porcine model of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair.


DESIGN
Experimental study.


METHODS
Ten experimental and five sham-operated pigs were studied. Instrumentation for cardiac output (CO) measurement, regional blood flow (renal-REN and portal-PORT) and blood sampling (inferior vena cava (IVC), renal and portal vein) was done. Microcirculation was visualised sublingually and in ileostoma.


PROTOCOL
simulation of rAAA with bleeding (mean arterial pressure (MAP) 45 mmHg) and increased abdominal pressure (25 mmHg) for 4 h; 2 h of infrarenal clamp with shed blood retransfusion; 11 h of post-surgery care.


RESULTS
Six experimental pigs completed the protocol and are presented. Bleeding decreased CO to 95%, PORT to 80% and REN to 10% of baseline. From clamping on CO and PORT increased above baseline whereas REN (47%) with creatinine clearance remained compromised till the end. Microcirculation was affected more in ileum than sublingually. Approximately threefold increase in cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10) and oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE) was observed. Only mild increase in IL-6 and TBARs was observed in sham-operated animals. Organ histology did not reveal differences between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
This near-lethal model of rAAA induced expected severe deterioration of haemodynamics and metabolism accompanied with a moderate inflammatory and oxidative stress response.
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and L-fuzzy sets

This paper proves that the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and intuitionistic L-fuzzy sets and the concept of L-fuzzy sets are equivalent. c © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Oxytocin during pregnancy and early postpartum: Individual patterns and maternal–fetal attachment

Oxytocin (OT), a nanopeptide hormone, plays a role in the emergence of maternal behavior, yet few studies examined OT in humans across pregnancy and the postpartum. We followed healthy women at three points: first trimester of pregnancy, third trimester, and first postpartum month. Plasma OT levels showed high individual stability. A third of the sample showed consistent OT levels, whereas others showed increasing or decreasing trends or peak in late pregnancy. The increase in OT from early to late pregnancy correlated with higher maternal-fetal bonding. These data may help set standards for OT levels and underscore links with maternal-infant attachment.
Oxidative stress and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as predictors of outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib plus octreotide LAR

We reported a relevant activity of the combination between sorafenib and octreotide long-acting release (LAR) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this work, we have studied if oxidative stress in both serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and pERK activation status in PBMC could be predictive of response. In the 20 responsive patients, the decrease of reactive oxygen species levels was already detectable after 10 days (T10) from the beginning of sorafenib administration, and this effect was enhanced by the combined treatment with sorafenib+octreotide LAR (T21). This effect correlated with the modulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (physiological scavenger of O2−) and of serum nitric oxide (NO) levels. Sorafenib alone induced an increase of about 40% of NO levels and of about two-fold of SOD activity in responsive patients, and both effects were significantly potentiated by the combined treatment. We found a gradual reduction of Erk1/2 activity, as evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis, in 15 responsive patients reaching about 50% maximal decrease at T21. On the other hand, in 17 resistant patients, Erk1/2 activity was about 80% increased at T21. The determination of both the oxidative stress status and pERK activity in PBMC has high value in the prediction of response to sorafenib+octreotide therapy in HCC patients.
Testing theories of gravity with a spherical gravitational wave detector

We consider the possibility of discriminating different theories of gravity using a recently proposed gravitational wave detector of spherical shape. We argue that the spin content of different theories can be extracted relating the measurements of the excited spheroidal vibrational eigenmodes to the Newman - Penrose parameters. The sphere toroidal modes cannot be excited by any metric GW and can thus be used as a veto.