LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY IN YUV COLOR SPACE

Presently there is a rapid development of the internet and the telecommunication techniques. Importance of information security is increasing. Cryptography and steganography are the major areas which work on information hiding and security. In this paper a method is used to embed a color secret image inside a color cover image. A 2-3-3 LSB insertion method has been used for image steganography. The important quality of a steganographic system is to be less distortive while increasing the size of the secret image. Use of cryptography along with steganography increases the security. Arnold CATMAP encryption technique is used for encrypting the secret image. Color space plays an important role in increasing network bandwidth efficiency. YUV color space provides reduced bandwidth for chrominance components. This paper demonstrates that YUV color space can also be used for security purposes. Keywords— Watermarking, Haar Wavelet, DWT, PSNR
Postural adjustments accompanying fast pointing movements in standing, sitting and lying adults

The present study evaluated the effect of different positions, which varied in the amount of bodily support, on postural control during fast pointing movements. Fourteen adult subjects were studied in standing, various sitting and lying positions. Multiple surface electromyograms (EMGs) of arm, neck, trunk and upper leg muscles and kinematics were recorded during a standard series of unilateral arm movements. Two additional series, consisting of bilateral arm movements and unilateral arm movements with an additional weight, were performed to assess whether additional task-load affected postural adjustments differently in a sitting and standing position. Two pointing strategies were used – despite identical instructions. Seven subjects showed an elbow extension throughout the movements. They used the deltoid (DE) as the prime mover (DE group). The other seven subjects performed the movement with a slight elbow flexion and used the biceps brachii (BB) as the prime mover (BB group). The two strategies had a differential effect on the postural adjustments: postural activity was less and substantially later in the BB-group than in the DE group. Anticipatory postural muscle activity was only present in the DE group during stance. In all positions and task-load conditions the dorsal postural muscles were activated before their ventral antagonists. The activation rate, the timing and – to a lesser extent – the amplitude of the dorsal muscle activity was position dependent. The position dependency was mainly found in the caudally located lumbar extensor (LE) and hamstrings (HAM) muscles. The EMG amplitude of LE and HAM was also affected by body geometry (trunk and pelvis position). Position and body geometry had only a minor effect on the activity of the neck and thoracic extensor muscles. This difference in behaviour of lower and upper postural muscles suggests that they could serve different postural tasks: the lower muscles being more involved in keeping the centre of mass within the limits of the support surface, and the upper ones in counteracting the reaction forces generated by movement onset. Increasing task-load by performing bilateral movements and – to a minor extent – during loaded unilateral movements affected the temporal and quantitative characteristics of the postural adjustments during standing and sitting in a similar way. The effect was present mainly during the early part of the response (within 100 ms after prime mover onset). This suggests that feedforward or anticipatory mechanisms play a major role in the task-specific modulation of postural adjustments.
Face Matching Between Near Infrared and Visible Light Images

In many applications, such as E-Passport and driver’s license, the enrollment of face templates is done using visible light (VIS) face images. Such images are normally acquired in controlled environment where the lighting is approximately frontal. However, Authentication is done in variable lighting conditions. Matching of faces in VIS images taken in different lighting conditions is still a big challenge. A recent development in near infrared (NIR) image based face recognition [1] has well overcome the difficulty arising from lighting changes. However, it requires that enrollment face images be acquired using NIR as well. In this paper, we present a new problem, that of matching a face in an NIR image against one in a VIS images, and propose a solution to it. The work is aimed to develop a new solution for meeting the accuracy requirement of face-based biometric recognition, by taking advantages of the recent NIR face technology while allowing the use of existing VIS face photos as gallery templates. Face recognition is done by matching an NIR probe face against a VIS gallery face. Based on an analysis of properties of NIR and VIS face images, we propose a learningbased approach for the different modality matching. A mechanism of correlation between NIR and VIS faces is learned from NIR→VIS face pairs, and the learned correlation is used to evaluate similarity between an NIR face and a VIS face. We provide preliminary results of NIR→VIS face matching for recognition under different illumination conditions. The results demonstrate advantages of NIR→VIS matching over VIS→VIS matching.
Energy savings for heat-island reduction strategies in Chicago and Houston (including updates for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City)

In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the “Heat Island Reduction Initiative” to quantify the potential benefits of Heat-Island Reduction (HIR) strategies (i.e., shade trees, reflective roofs, reflective pavements and urban vegetation) to reduce coolingenergy use in buildings, lower the ambient air temperature and improve urban air quality in cities, and reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. Under this initiative, the Urban Heat Island Pilot Project (UHIPP) was created with the objective of investigating the potential of HIR strategies in residential and commercial buildings in three initial UHIPP cities: Baton Rouge, LA; Sacramento, CA; and Salt Lake City, UT. Later two other cities, Chicago, IL and Houston, TX were added to the UHIPP. In an earlier report we summarized our efforts to calculate the annual energy savings, peak power avoidance, and annual CO2 reduction obtainable from the introduction of HIR strategies in the initial three cities. This report summarizes the results of our study for Chicago and Houston. In this analysis, we focused on three building types that offer the highest potential savings: single-family residence, office and retail store. Each building type was characterized in detail by vintage and system type (i.e., old and new building constructions, and gas and electric heat). We used the prototypical building characteristics developed earlier for each building type and simulated the impact of HIR strategies on building coolingand heating-energy use and peak power demand using the DOE-2.1E model. Our simulations included the impact of (1) strategically-placed shade trees near buildings [direct effect], (2) use of high-albedo roofing material on the building [direct effect], (3) urban reforestation with high-albedo pavements and building surfaces [indirect effect] and (4) combined strategies 1, 2, and 3 [direct and indirect effects]. We then estimated the total roof area of air-conditioned buildings in each city using readily obtainable data to calculate the metropolitan-wide impact of HIR strategies. The results show that in Chicago, potential annual energy savings of $30M could be realized by ratepayers from the combined direct and indirect effects of HIR strategies. Additionally, peak power avoidance is estimated at 400 MW and the reduction in annual carbon emissions at 58 ktC. In Houston, the potential annual energy savings are estimated at $82M, with an avoidance of 730 MW in peak power and a reduction in annual carbon emissions of 170 ktC.
Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three-month intensive yoga program.

BACKGROUND
Emotional distress is an increasing public health problem and Hatha yoga has been claimed to induce stress reduction and empowerment in practicing subjects. We aimed to evaluate potential effects of Iyengar Hatha yoga on perceived stress and associated psychological outcomes in mentally distressed women.


MATERIAL/METHODS
A controlled prospective non-randomized study was conducted in 24 self-referred female subjects (mean age 37.9+/-7.3 years) who perceived themselves as emotionally distressed. Subjects were offered participation in one of two subsequential 3-months yoga programs. Group 1 (n=16) participated in the first class, group 2 (n=8) served as a waiting list control. During the yoga course, subjects attended two-weekly 90-min Iyengar yoga classes. Outcome was assessed on entry and after 3 months by Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, CESD-Depression Scale, Bf-S/Bf-S' Well-Being Scales, Freiburg Complaint List and ratings of physical well-being. Salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after an evening yoga class in a second sample.


RESULTS
Compared to waiting-list, women who participated in the yoga-training demonstrated pronounced and significant improvements in perceived stress (P<0.02), State and Trait Anxiety (P<0.02 and P<0.01, respectively), well-being (P<0.01), vigor (P<0.02), fatigue (P<0.02) and depression (P<0.05). Physical well-being also increased (P<0.01), and those subjects suffering from headache or back pain reported marked pain relief. Salivary cortisol decreased significantly after participation in a yoga class (P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Women suffering from mental distress participating in a 3-month Iyengar yoga class show significant improvements on measures of stress and psychological outcomes. Further investigation of yoga with respect to prevention and treatment of stress-related disease and of underlying mechanism is warranted.
Virtual Try-On Through Image-based Rendering.

Virtual try-on applications have become popular because they allow users to watch themselves wearing different clothes without the effort of changing them physically. This helps users to make quick buying decisions and thus improves the sales efficiency of retailers. Previous solutions usually involve motion capture, 3D reconstruction or modeling, which are time consuming and not robust for all body poses. Our method avoids these steps by combining image-based renderings of the user and previously recorded garments. It transfers the appearance of a garment recorded from one user to another by matching input and recorded frames, image-based visual hull rendering and online registration methods. Using images of real garments allows for a realistic rendering quality with high performance. It is suitable for a wide range of clothes and complex appearances, allows arbitrary viewing angles and requires only little manual input. Our system is particularly useful for virtual try-on applications as well as interactive games.
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Goes Paper: A Fresh Look and a New Feel.

Nearly 4 years after inception, the Annals of the American Thoracic Society (AnnalsATS) is taking two big steps forward. This past November, in conjunction with the other two ATS scientific journals, we launched a newly designed web site that features contemporary graphics and enhanced navigation (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The design of the journal web sites now complements that of the ATS web site. The Web addresses for the journal Web sites are unchanged: a Google search for AnnalsATS directs viewers straight to the journal home page. Those who prefer to read journals on hand-held tablets or cell phones can continue to access AnnalsATS through the free ATS journals app. Beginning with this first issue of 2017, and bucking against a current trend toward online-only publishing of scientific journals, AnnalsATS is to be distributed monthly on paper as well as electronically. Readers of the paper version will be able to highlight and underline contents with a pen or a yellow marker, scribble in the margins, and fold the page corners. Although seemingly light hearted, these rituals may be associated with deeper learning of the material being read. Martin J. Tobin, M.D., a previous editor of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, reported recently on contemporary research suggesting important differences in the experience of readers of electronic compared with paper media, particularly with respect to comprehension and retention (1). The results of other studies have been mixed (2). Nevertheless, many readers find that the tactile sense of a paper publication is rewarding and that it allows for greater comprehension. Indeed, recent surveys suggest that half or more of clinical pulmonary scientific journal subscribers still browse and read selected paper versions to stay current in preference to reading online or electronic Figure 1. The homepage of the newly designed ATS journals website (atsjournals.org).
A Systematic Mapping Study of Software Development With GitHub

Context: GitHub, nowadays the most popular social coding platform, has become the reference for mining Open Source repositories, a growing research trend aiming at learning from previous software projects to improve the development of new ones. In the last years, a considerable amount of research papers have been published reporting findings based on data mined from GitHub. As the community continues to deepen in its understanding of software engineering thanks to the analysis performed on this platform, we believe that it is worthwhile to reflect on how research papers have addressed the task of mining GitHub and what findings they have reported. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to identify the quantity, topic, and empirical methods of research works, targeting the analysis of how software development practices are influenced by the use of a distributed social coding platform like GitHub. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted with four research questions and assessed 80 publications from 2009 to 2016. Results: Most works focused on the interaction around coding-related tasks and project communities. We also identified some concerns about how reliable were these results based on the fact that, overall, papers used small data sets and poor sampling techniques, employed a scarce variety of methodologies and/or were hard to replicate. Conclusions: This paper attested the high activity of research work around the field of Open Source collaboration, especially in the software domain, revealed a set of shortcomings and proposed some actions to mitigate them. We hope that this paper can also create the basis for additional studies on other collaborative activities (like book writing for instance) that are also moving to GitHub.
Effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality and anxiety of patients.

BACKGROUND
In intensive care units (ICUs), patients cannot sleep well. Aromatherapy is used for depression, anxiety, relaxation and disorders related with sleep and stress.


AIM
This study aimed to investigate the effect of lavender essential oil on the sleep quality and anxiety level of patients in coronary ICU.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 60 patients in coronary ICU participated in this study.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 patients in a province located in the southeast of Turkey.


METHODS
After informing the patients in both groups about the study, they were administered a questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale. The patients in the intervention group were given 2% lavender essential oil via inhalation for 15 days after which they were administered the same scales again to evaluate the sleep quality and anxiety. As for the control group, they were administered the same scales again after 15 days without the inhalation of lavender essential oil.


RESULTS
Comparison of the PSQI and BAI scores of the patients in the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention showed statistically significant differences in the change in favour of the intervention group (p < 0·05).


CONCLUSION
Lavender essential oil increased quality of sleep and reduced level of anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
As a non-invasive, cheap, easily applicable, cost-effective, independent nursing intervention and appropriate for cardiac patients, lavender essential oil could be applied in ICUs.
Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in neuromuscular, perceptual and hormonal measures following professional rugby league matches during different length between-match microcycles.


METHODS
Twelve professional rugby league players from the same team were assessed for changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance (flight time and relative power), perceptual responses (fatigue, well-being and muscle soreness) and salivary hormone (testosterone [T] and cortisol [C]) levels during 5, 7 and 9 d between-match training microcycles. All training was prescribed by the club coaches and was monitored using the session-RPE method.


RESULTS
Lower mean daily training load was completed on the 5 d compared with the 7 and 9 d microcycles. CMJ flight time and relative power, perception of fatigue, overall well-being and muscle soreness were significantly reduced in the 48 h following the match in each microcycle (P < .05). Most CMJ variables returned to near baseline values following 4 d in each microcycle. Countermovement jump relative power was lower in the 7 d microcycle in comparison with the 9 d microcycle (P < .05). There was increased fatigue at 48 h in the 7 and 9 d microcycles (P < .05) but had returned to baseline in the 5 d microcycle. Salivary T and C did not change in response to the match.


DISCUSSION
Neuromuscular performance and perception of fatigue are reduced for at least 48 h following a rugby league match but can be recovered to baseline levels within 4 d. These findings show that with appropriate training, it is possible to recover neuromuscular and perceptual measures within 4 d after a rugby league match.
Efficient Approximate Balanced Truncation of General Large-Scale RLC Systems via Krylov Methods

We present an efficient implementation of an approximate balanced truncation model reduction technique for general large-scale RLC systems, described by a state-space model where the "C" matrix in the time-domain modified nodal analysis (MNA) circuit equation "C\dot{x}=-Gx+Bu" is not necessarily invertible. The large sizes of the models that we consider make most implementations of the balance-and-truncate method impractical from the points of view of computational load and numerical conditioning. This motivates our use of Krylov subspace methods to directly compute approximate low-rank square roots of the Gramians of the original system. The approximate low-order general balanced and truncated model can then be constructed directly from these square roots. We demonstrate using three practical circuit examples that our new approach effectively gives approximate balanced and reduced order coordinates with little truncation error.
Ant colony based rule generation for reusable software component retrieval

Storage and representation of reusable software components in software repositories to facilitate convenient identification and retrieval has been always a concern for software reuse researchers. This paper discusses and demonstrated an ant colony algorithm based technique that generates rules to store and then identify the component from software repository for possible reuse. Proposed technique helps user in organization and storage of components in repository and later can help in identifying most appropriate component for given context. In first stage while searching it makes use of keywords, their synonyms and their inter-relationships. Then it makes use of ant colony optimization; initial pheromone of one is assigned to all domain representative terms of components. By updating pheromone for participating terms and non-participating terms iteratively and by calculating the quality of each rule generated, it leads to quality rules to represent and retrieve the reusable components
Migraine prophylaxis by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Migraine is a common headache syndrome in adult populations. Prophylaxis is necessary to improve the quality of life but some patients with migraine have contraindication or suffer from side effects of medication, and therefore, establishing non-medical, neuromodulatory approaches is necessary. Past evidence had shown that consecutive motor cortex (M1) stimulation with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was effective to relieve central pain.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether 20 consecutive days of the left M1 can be an effective prophylactic treatment for migraine.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
Forty-two episodic migraine patients who had never received any prophylactic treatment, failed prophylactic treatment, or discontinued treatment due to adverse events were recruited in the present study. Patients were randomized to receive either active tDCS or sham tDCS 1mA, 20 m for 20 consecutive days and followed up for 12 weeks. Differences between and within groups were determined using repeated measures ANOVA. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.


RESULTS
Thirty-seven patients participated in the final analyses (active: n = 20, sham: n = 17). Between-groups comparison of attack frequency, pain intensity, and abortive medications used were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The results showed statistically significant reduction in attack frequency and abortive medications at week 4 and 8 after treatment. The pain intensity was statistically significant reduced at week 4, 8, and 12. All patients tolerated the tDCS well without any serious adverse events.


CONCLUSION
The present study suggests that anodal M1 tDCS may be a safe and useful clinical tool in migraine prophylaxis. The mechanism of action of anodal tDCS on neuromodulation in migraine patients needs further investigation.
A frequency-domain analysis of head-motion prediction

The use of prediction to eliminate or reduce the effects of system delays in Head-Mounted Display systems has been the subject of several recent papers. A variety of methods have been proposed but almost all the analysis has been empirical, making comparisons of results difficult and providing little direction to the designer of new systems. In this paper, we characterize the performance of two classes of head-motion predictors by analyzing them in the frequency domain. The first predictor is a polynomial extrapolation and the other is based on the Kalman filter. Our analysis shows that even with perfect, noise-free inputs, the error in predicted position grows rapidly with increasing prediction intervals and input signal frequencies. Given the spectra of the original head motion, this analysis estimates the spectra of the predicted motion, quantifying a predictor's performance on different systems and applications. Acceleration sensors are shown to be more useful to a predictor than velocity sensors. The methods described will enable designers to determine maximum acceptable system delay based on maximum tolerable error and the characteristics of user motions in the application. CR