LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Fluoxetine Selectively Upregulates Dopamine D1-Like Receptors in the Hippocampus

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus has been implicated in mechanisms of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We have recently demonstrated that the SSRI fluoxetine can reverse the state of maturation of the adult dentate granule cells and enhances serotonin 5-HT4 receptor-mediated synaptic potentiation at the synapses formed by their mossy fiber axons. Here, we show that fluoxetine can induce long-lasting enhancement of dopaminergic modulation at the mossy fiber synapse. Synaptic responses arising from the mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse were recorded using acute mouse hippocampal slices. Dopamine potentiates mossy fiber synaptic transmission by activating D1-like receptors. Chronic fluoxetine treatment induced a prominent increase in the magnitude of dopamine-induced synaptic potentiation, and this effect was maintained at least up to 1 month after withdrawal of fluoxetine. Quantitative autoradiography revealed that binding of the D1-like receptor ligand [3H]SCH23390 was selectively increased in the dentate gyrus and along the mossy fiber in fluoxetine-treated mice. However, binding of the 5-HT4 receptor ligand [3H]GR113808 was not significantly changed. These results suggest that chronic fluoxetine enhanced the dopaminergic modulation at least in part by upregulating expression of D1-like receptors, while the enhanced serotonergic modulation may be mediated by modifications of downstream signaling pathways. These enhanced monoaminergic modulations would greatly increase excitatory drive to the hippocampal circuit through the dentate gyrus. The highly localized upregulation of D1-like receptors further supports the importance of the dentate gyrus in the mechanism of action of SSRIs.
Narrative Review of Dance-based Exercise and Its Specific Impact on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

Background: Depression is a chronic condition that results in considerable disability, and particularly in later life, severely impacts the life quality of the individual with this condition. The first aim of this review article was to summarize, synthesize, and evaluate the research base concerning the use of dance-based exercises on health status, in general, and secondly, specifically for reducing depressive symptoms, in older adults. A third was to provide directives for professionals who work or are likely to work with this population in the future. Methods: All English language peer reviewed publications detailing the efficacy of dance therapy as an intervention strategy for older people in general, and specifically for minimizing depression and dependence among the elderly were analyzed.
The Association between Health Behaviours and Academic Performance in Canadian Elementary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND
Establishing early healthy eating and physical activity behaviours is critical in supporting children's long-term health and well-being. The objective of the current paper was to examine the association between health behaviours and academic performance in elementary school students in a school board in Nova Scotia, Canada.


METHODS
Our population-based study included students in grades 4-6 across 18 schools in a rural school board. Diet and physical activity were assessed through validated instruments. Academic performance measures were obtained from the school board for Mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA). Associations between health behaviours and academic performance were assessed using multilevel logistic regression.


RESULTS
Students with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours were more likely to have poor academic performance for both ELA and Mathematics compared to students with healthy lifestyle behaviours; associations were statistically significant for diet quality, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for ELA; and breakfast skipping, not being physically active at morning recess, and not being physically active after school for Mathematics. The effects of diet and physical activity were independent of each other and there was no interaction between the two exposures.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that support for healthy behaviours may help to improve academic outcomes of students.
Improved PKS Gene Expression With Strong Endogenous Promoter Resulted in Geldanamycin Yield Increase.

The type I polyketide geldanamycin is a potent anti-tumor reagent. Its biosynthesis includes three steps: the biosynthesis of precursors, such as 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), the polyketide synthase (PKS) chain extension, and the post-PKS modifications. According to the genomic and transcriptomic analysis, the PKS chain extension was deduced to be the rate-limiting step for geldanamycin production in Streptomyces hygroscopicus XM201. In order to improve the expression of PKS genes, a strong endogenous promoter 5063p was obtained based on the transcriptomic analysis and XylE enzymatic assay. By replacing the native PKS promoter gdmA1p with 5063p, the expression of the PKS genes during geldanamycin fermentation was increased by 4-141-folds, and the geldanamycin yield was increased by 39%. Interestingly, AHBA feeding experiment showed that the supply of AHBA in turn become a new rate-limiting factor for geldanamycin production. Further combined overexpression of the 6-gene AHBA biosynthetic cassette and PKS genes increased the yield of geldanamycin by 88%, from 773 mg L-1 of the wild-type to 1450 mg L-1 in the derived strain. Our results suggested that improved expression of all PKS genes in a particular biosynthetic gene cluster is important for the yield increase of the corresponding polyketide natural product.
Histogram based contrast enhancement for mammogram images

Early detection of breast cancer in the mammograms is very essential in the field of medicine. Contrast enhancement for the detection of micro calcification of mammograms based on the Histogram Modified Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (HM-CLAHE) is presented. Histogram equalization is an effective and simple technique for contrast enhancement. The standard histogram equalization (HE) usually results in excessive contrast enhancement because of lack of control on the level of enhancement. The Histogram Modified Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (HM-CLAHE) is proposed in this paper to adjust the level of contrast enhancement, which in turn gives the resultant image a strong contrast and brings the local details for more relevant interpretation. It incorporates both histogram modifications as an optimization technique and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization. This method is tested for Mias mammogram images. The performance of this method is determined using the parameter like Enhancement Measure (EME). From the subjective and quantitative measures it is interesting that this proposed technique provides better contrast enhancement with preserving the local information of the mammogram images.
Secure Digital Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology

Electronic﻿voting﻿or﻿e-voting﻿has﻿been﻿used﻿in﻿varying﻿forms﻿since﻿1970s﻿with﻿fundamental﻿benefits﻿ over﻿ paper-based﻿ systems﻿ such﻿ as﻿ increased﻿ efficiency﻿ and﻿ reduced﻿ errors.﻿ However,﻿ challenges﻿ remain﻿to﻿the﻿achieving﻿of﻿wide﻿spread﻿adoption﻿of﻿such﻿systems,﻿especially﻿with﻿respect﻿to﻿improving﻿ their﻿resilience﻿against﻿potential﻿faults.﻿Blockchain﻿is﻿a﻿disruptive﻿technology﻿of﻿the﻿current﻿era﻿and﻿ promises﻿ to﻿ improve﻿ the﻿overall﻿ resilience﻿of﻿ e-voting﻿ systems.﻿This﻿ article﻿presents﻿ an﻿effort﻿ to﻿ leverage﻿benefits﻿of﻿blockchain﻿such﻿as﻿cryptographic﻿foundations﻿and﻿transparency﻿to﻿achieve﻿an﻿ effective﻿scheme﻿for﻿e-voting.﻿The﻿proposed﻿scheme﻿conforms﻿to﻿the﻿fundamental﻿requirements﻿for﻿ e-voting﻿schemes﻿and﻿achieves﻿end-to-end﻿verifiability.﻿The﻿article﻿presents﻿details﻿of﻿the﻿proposed﻿ e-voting﻿scheme﻿along﻿with﻿its﻿implementation﻿using﻿Multichain﻿platform.﻿The﻿article﻿also﻿presents﻿ an﻿in-depth﻿evaluation﻿of﻿the﻿scheme﻿which﻿successfully﻿demonstrates﻿its﻿effectiveness﻿to﻿achieve﻿an﻿ end-to-end﻿verifiable﻿e-voting﻿scheme. KEywoRDS Blockchain, E-Government, Electronic Voting, E-Voting, Verifiable Voting
Sexual dysfunction in women with obstructive sleep apnea

Female sexual dysfunction is vastly under-recognized but has been previously described in chronic disease states. Sexual dysfunction in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is well described, but not in females. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with OSA. We studied 21 consecutive pre-menopausal women with OSA, referred to our sleep lab, and who had a positive study for sleep apnea (respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > 5), and 11 healthy pre-menopausal women were included as the control group. Subjects were administered the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and a mood scale—Profile of Mood States. Of the study group, 11 women (52.4%) had FSFI scores in the poor range (<23) as compared to the control group, in which none of the women (0%) had FSFI scores in the poor range (<23). Negative mood domain scores were not different in patients with poor FSFI compared to patients with normal FSFI scores. There was no correlation between obesity, severity of sleep apnea, or mood disorders on overall scores of sexual dysfunction. Among individual domains, there was a correlation between RDI and arousal scores. In our study, we have found that prevalence of sexual dysfunction is high among women with OSA. Physicians should routinely screen and evaluate women with OSA for sexual dysfunction.
Isolated head tremor: part of the clinical spectrum of essential tremor? Data from population-based and clinic-based case samples.

Essential tremor (ET) still remains a clinical diagnosis. Nonetheless, it is misdiagnosed in 30 to 50% of cases. There are a number of areas of diagnostic uncertainty. One of these is isolated head tremor, on which published data are limited and at variance. We studied the prevalence of isolated head (i.e., neck) tremor in ET in two population-based studies (Turkey and New York) and a large clinical sample (New York); these 583 ET cases all received the same detailed tremor examination. Head tremor with mild arm tremor occurred in a very small percentage of cases in each sample (1.9-3.1%, overall 2.7%). Nearly all of them were women. Head tremor in the complete absence of arm tremor was not observed in any cases (0.0%). These clinical data may be of value to clinicians in practice settings and researchers in phenotyping efforts in the emerging field of ET genetics.
Long-lasting hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl in rats: preventive effect of ketamine.

BACKGROUND
It has been reported that mu-opioid receptor activation leads to a sustained increase in glutamate synaptic effectiveness at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor level, a system associated with central hypersensitivity to pain. One hypothesis is that postoperative pain may result partly from the activation of NMDA pain facilitatory processes induced by opiate treatment per se. The authors tested here the effectiveness of the opiate analgesic fentanyl for eliciting a delayed enhancement in pain sensitivity.


METHODS
The consequences of four bolus injections (every 15 min) of fentanyl (20-100 microg/kg per injection, subcutaneously) on immediate (for several hours) and long-term (for several days) sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli in the rat (paw-pressure vocalization test) were evaluated. The effects of the combination of the NMDA-receptor antagonist ketamine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) with fentanyl also were assessed.


RESULTS
Fentanyl administration exhibited a biphasic time-dependent effect: first, an early response (for 2-5 h) associated with a marked increase in nociceptive threshold (analgesia), and second, a later response associated with sustained lowering of the nociceptive threshold (5 days for the longest effect) below the basal value (30% of decrease for the maximal effect) indicative of hyperalgesia. The higher the fentanyl dose used, the more pronounced was the fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia. Ketamine pretreatment, which had no analgesic effect on its own, enhanced the earlier response (analgesia) and prevented the development of long-lasting hyperalgesia.


CONCLUSIONS
Fentanyl activates NMDA pain facilitatory processes, which oppose analgesia and lead to long-lasting enhancement in pain sensitivity.
Spectral analysis of electromyogram in lumbar muscles: fatigue induced endurance contraction

In the last few years, epidemiological studies have shown correlations between the low endurance capacity of the erector spinae muscle and low back pain (LBP). In this study, the function of the erector spinae muscle and localized muscle fatigue in LBP were investigated in both LBP patients and control subjects without LBP, using surface multi-channel electromyograms (EMG). Four positions (L1, L2, L4, L5) were chosen as representative locations for the different functions of the erector spinae muscle. Median frequency (f m) parameters of an EMG power density spectrum were monitored to quantify localized muscle fatigue. This research indicated a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in f m, parameters between the LBP patients and the control subjects. The integrated electromyogram (iEMG) signals of LBP patients were considerably higher than for the control subjects during endurance isometric contraction. Our research suggested that human fatiguing erector spinae muscle, in submaximal voluntary contractions tests, induced a different firing order of motor unit spikes between two groups.
Iterative split-and-merge algorithm for VQ codebook generation

We propose a new iterative algorithm for the generation of a codebook in vector quantization. The algorithm starts with an initial codebook that is improved by a combination of merge and split operations. By merging small neighboring clusters, additional resources (codevectors) will be released. These extra codevectors can be reallocated by splitti ng large clusters. This process can be iterated until no further improvement is achieved in the distortion of the codebook. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well i n comparison to other tested methods, including the GLA and two hierarchical methods.
A Combined Bandpass Filter and Polarization Transformer for Horn Antennas

Recently, our group has proposed a self-filtering linearly polarized horn antenna that can be used to reduce the noise captured by regular horn feeds. However, the approach used in that design is inherently limited to linear polarization, while possible interesting applications are likely in satellite receiving systems, which are typically based on circularly polarized signals. In this letter, we propose a new approach to obtain a filtering horn antenna working in circular polarization. The proposed solution is based on the design of a linear-to-circular polarization transformer that consists of a complementary electrically small resonator etched on a metallic screen. We first show that this component is able to transform the linear polarization of a regular rectangular waveguide working on the fundamental mode into a circular one. Then, integrating this polarization transformer in a conical horn, we show how it is possible to obtain a circularly polarized filtering horn antenna. The numerical simulations and the measurements performed on a prototype prove that the proposed structure can be effectively used to design a bandpass filtering horn antenna for circularly polarized signals.
Cartografía textual de Ambrosio O ́Higgins. La valoración geográfica del reino de Chile en su proyecto de 1767

In 1767 Ambrosio O Higgins wrote a Project title “Description of the realm of Chile. Its products, commerce and people. Considerations towards its current state, and some dispositions regarding the reduction of the heathen Indians and the overtaking of his Majesty domains”. In this document, O Higgins describes a textual cartography about the resources, prospects and territorial threats to the colony of Chile. In his discourse, O Higgins integrates and classifies the geographic elements regarding their economic and geostrategic utility. The main aim of the article is to analyze O’Higgins’ representation and interpretation of the colonial Chilean territory, and to understand how the elements of the Enlightenment helped to build these representations. It is argued that O Higgins used the rhetoric of progress to describe and represent the Chilean landscape, building a new discourse by taking the traditional elements of the colonial geographic discourse, with the new narrative of the Enlightenment thought, in order to promote the security and Hispanic imperial sovereignty towards the south of the American continent. To complete this task, O Higgins proposes a course of action to control the territories of Araucania, Patagonia and the South Pacific sea. The analysis of the document will enlighten the way in which O Higgins builds a narrative that focuses on the relevance of Chile in terms of its geographical and strategic value. Building on these ideas, the article proposes that geography and the development of the geographical thought were more significant in the Hispanic American illustration of what has hitherto been recognized by the historiography. Keywords: Geography, territory, Enlightenment, Chile, pro- ject.
Antiretroviral treatment for children with peripartum nevirapine exposure.

BACKGROUND
Single-dose nevirapine is the cornerstone of the regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings, but nevirapine frequently selects for resistant virus in mothers and children who become infected despite prophylaxis. The optimal antiretroviral treatment strategy for children who have had prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine is unknown.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized trial of initial therapy with zidovudine and lamivudine plus either nevirapine or ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in HIV-infected children 6 to 36 months of age, in six African countries, who qualified for treatment according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results are reported for the cohort that included children exposed to single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis. The primary end point was virologic failure or discontinuation of treatment by study week 24. Enrollment in this cohort was terminated early on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board.


RESULTS
A total of 164 children were enrolled. The median percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes was 19%; a total of 56% of the children had WHO stage 3 or 4 disease. More children in the nevirapine group than in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group reached a primary end point (39.6% vs. 21.7%; weighted difference, 18.6 percentage-points; 95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 33.6; nominal P=0.02). Baseline resistance to nevirapine was detected in 18 of 148 children (12%) and was predictive of treatment failure. No significant between-group differences were seen in the rate of adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
Among children with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine for perinatal prevention of HIV transmission, antiretroviral treatment consisting of zidovudine and lamivudine plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir resulted in better outcomes than did treatment with zidovudine and lamivudine plus nevirapine. Since nevirapine is used for both treatment and perinatal prevention of HIV infection in resource-limited settings, alternative strategies for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child, as well as for the treatment of HIV infection, are urgently required. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00307151.).
How Big Old Companies Navigate Digital Transformation

Elements of Successful Digital Transformation12 New digital technologies, particularly what we refer to as SMACIT3 (social, mobile, analytics, cloud and Internet of things [IoT]) technologies, present both game-changing opportunities and existential threats to big old companies. GE’s “industrial internet” and Philips’ digital platform for personalized healthcare information represent bets made by big old companies attempting to cash
Normative Intra-operative Electrophysiologic Waveform Analysis of Superior Laryngeal Nerve External Branch and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery

Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) can occur during superior pole dissection in thyroid surgery; the EBSLN injury rate is reported as high as 28 % (Cernea et al., Head Neck 14:380–383, 1992). Injury to the EBSLN leads to variable symptoms that may be overlooked, but that can be significant, especially to professional speakers and singers. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is employed widely to aid in nerve identification. We report on normative electroneuromyography (EMG) data on EBSLN-IONM and cricothyroid muscle (CTM) twitch response during stimulation as an aid to EBSLN identification. A prospective study of the SLN and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) IONM data in 72 consecutive thyroid surgeries was carried out. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative laryngeal exams, and patients with abnormal preoperative laryngeal function were excluded. Normative EMG data and CTM twitch response during EBSLN stimulation were recorded and analyzed. Stimulation of the EBSLN resulted in a positive CTM twitch response in 100 %, whereas EMG response was recordable in 80 %. Electromyographic amplitude was ~1/3 of ipsilateral RLN amplitude and did not change through the case with multiple stimulations. Stimulation of the EBSLN was similar for men and women and at 1 and 2 mA stimulation levels. Intraoperative nerve monitoring of the EBSLN aids in EBSLN identification and provides electroneuromyographic information in 80 % of cases. The laryngeal head of the sternothyroid muscle is a useful landmark to locate EBSLN.
Genetic Programming using Direct Manipulation

Some of the features in Discipulus that contribute to its extraordinary performance [3, 4, 5, 6, 9] are: • Discipulus implements a Genetic Programming algorithm. This algorithm determines the appropriate functional form and optimizes the parameters of the function. It is an ideal algorithm for complex, noisy, poorly understood domains. • Discipulus performs Genetic Programming thru direct manipulation of binary machine code. This makes Discipulus about sixty to two-hundred times faster than comparable automated learning approaches [10]. • Discipulus performs multi-run Genetic Programming, intelligently adapting its own parameters to the problem at hand. Each of these capabilities of Discipulus are discussed below.
Towards a flexible business process modeling and simulation environment

Business process is crucial to the success of any business. Business process modeling enables a common understanding and analysis of a business process, and simulation is an effective way to diagnose and evaluate complex business processes. There are lots of software tools in market for business process modeling and simulation, however, a common issue for these tools is the conflict between usability and flexibility. The improvement of usability often means the reduction of flexibility. This paper introduces an IBM asset named Supply Chain Process Modeler (SCPM), which aims at providing a tailored business process modeling and simulation environment for business users. SCPM tries to achieve a better trade-off between usability and flexibility with two major efforts, a process repository for process modeling, and a flexible environment for process simulation. A case study from real consulting practice is also included to illustrate how SCPM works for business process simulation.