LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Optimization of the Airframe , Powerplant , and Operation of Transport Aircraft

Global optimization of transport aircraft is performed to minimize fuel burn for a specified mission. The design space includes the geometry, wing airfoils, primary structure, engine size and cycle parameters, and the flight profile parameters. The method employs a number of physics-based models for structural sizing and weight estimation, viscous CFD for all major aerodynamic components, and a component-based turbofan simulation. The models drive a trajectory integration to calculate mission fuel burn. These physics-based models mostly eliminate the reliance on historical weight and engine performance correlations and wetted-area drag prediction methods, and hence give confidence for development of radical transport aircraft which fall outside of historical trends. Computed examples show a D8.x aircraft series to replace the Boeing 737-800, with up to 49% less fuel burn using today’s alumimum technology, and up to 71% less fuel burn using year 2030 forecast technology. These exploit a novel fuselage configuration via its indirect effects on structural weight, lift to drag ratio, and propulsive efficiency, all captured by the collection of coupled low-order models. Sensitivity of the fuel burn to cruise Mach number change, materials allowables improvements, and span constraints is also investigated.
Determinants of Wood Dust Exposure in the Danish Furniture Industry—Results from Two Cross-Sectional Studies 6 Years Apart

OBJECTIVES
This paper investigates determinants of wood dust exposure and trends in dust level in the furniture industry of Viborg County, Denmark, using data from two cross-sectional studies 6 years apart.


METHODS
During the winter 1997/1998, 54 factories were visited (hereafter study 1). In the winter 2003/2004, 27 factories were revisited, and personal dust measurements were repeated. In addition, 14 new factories were included (hereafter study 2). A total of 2303 woodworkers participated in study 1, and 2358 measurements from 1702 workers were available. From study 2, 1581 woodworkers participated and 1355 measurements from 1044 workers were available. Information on occupational variables describing potential determinants of exposures like work task, exhaust ventilation, enclosure and cleaning procedures were collected. A total of 2627 measurements and 1907 persons were included in the final mixed model in order to explore determinants of exposure and trends in dust level.


RESULTS
The overall inhalable wood dust concentration (geometric means (geometric standard deviation)) has decreased from 0.95 mg/m(3) (2.05) in study 1 to 0.60 mg/m(3) (1.63) in study 2, representing a 7% annual decrease in dust concentration, which was confirmed in the mixed model. From study 1 to study 2 there has been a change towards less manual work and more efficient cleaning methods, but on the contrary also more inadequate exhaust ventilation systems. The following determinants were found to 'increase' dust concentration: sanding; use of compressed air; use of full-automatic machines; manual work; cleaning of work pieces with compressed air; kitchen producing factories and small factories (<20 employees). The following determinants of exposure were found to 'decrease' dust concentration: manual assembling/packing; sanding with adequate exhaust ventilation; adequate exhaust ventilation; vacuum cleaning of machines and special cleaning staff.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite a substantial drop in the dust concentration during the last 6 years in the furniture industry in Viborg County, further improvements are possible. There should be more focus on improved exhaust ventilation, professional cleaning methods and avoiding use of compressed air.
Predictive current control of ac-ac modular multilevel converters

Multilevel converters can reach medium-voltage operation, increasing the efficiency in high power applications. Among the existing multilevel converter topologies, modular multilevel converter provides the advantages of high modularity, availability and high power quality. Moreover, the main advantage compared to cascaded multilevel converters is the absence of input transformer; reducing the size, cost and cooling requirements. When used as AC-AC converter, it usually requires a sophisticated controller to decouple the input and output frequency components. In this paper a predictive control approach is proposed to control a single-phase AC-AC modular multilevel converter. The controller minimizes the currents error and keeps the DC voltage balancing featuring a simple implementation, high input power factor and precise control of the output current. Moreover, the DC voltages are kept at the reference value. Simulation results showing the performance of the predictive control scheme are presented.
Classification of Insider Threat Detection Techniques

Most insider attacks done by people who have the knowledge and technical know-how of launching such attacks. This topic has long been studied and many detection techniques were proposed to deal with insider threats. This short paper summarized and classified insider threat detection techniques based on strategies used for detection.
Tulsi : The Indian holy power plant

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) herb has been known from as early as the Vedic period. Its extract has numerous pharmacological activities like hypoglycaemic, immunomodulatory, antistress, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, antihypertensive, CNS depressant, radioprotective, antitumour and antibacterial. The active constituents of the herb include volatile oil chiefly eugenol and β-caryophyllene, flavonoids and a number of other components present in fixed oil. This article outlines the present knowledge of pharmacological and other studies on this plant.
SMAS Debulking for Management of the Thick-Skinned Nose.

Introduction One of the greatest challenges in cosmetic rhinoplasty is the overly thick nasal skin envelope. In addition to exacerbating unwanted nasal width, thick nasal skin is a major impediment to aesthetic refinement of the nose. Owing to its bulk, noncompliance, and tendency to scar, overly thick skin frequently obscures topographic definition of the nasal framework, thereby limiting or negating cosmetic improvements. Masking of the skeletal contour is usually most evident following aggressive reduction rhinoplasty where overly thick and noncompliant nasal skin fails to shrink and conform to the smaller skeletal framework. The result is excessive subcutaneous dead space leading to further fibrotic thickening of the already bulky nasal covering. Despite the decrease in nasal size, the resulting nasal contour is typically amorphous, ill-defined and devoid of beauty and elegance. To optimize cosmetic results in thick-skinned noses, contour enhancement is best achieved by elongating and projecting the skeletal framework whenever possible (Figure 1). Skeletal augmentation not only reduces dead space to minimize fibrotic thickening, it also stretches and thins the outer soft-tissue covering for improved surface definition. However, in noses in which the nasal framework is already too large, skeletal augmentation is not a viable option, and the overly thick skin envelope must be surgically thinned to achieve better skin contractility and improved cosmetic outcomes. Histologic examination of overly thick nasal tip skin reveals comparatively little dermal thickening or increased adipose content but ratherasubstantial increaseinthicknessofthesubcutaneousfibromuscular tissues.1 Dubbed the “nasal SMAS” layer,2 the fibromuscular tissue layer lies just beneath the subdermal fat and may account for an additional 2 to 3 mm of skin flap thickness. Owing to a discrete dissection plane separating the nasal SMAS layer from the overlying subdermal fat, surgical excision of the hypertrophic nasal SMAS layer can be performed safely in healthy candidates using the external rhinoplasty approach.3 However,theoverlyingsubdermalplexus(containedwithin the subdermal fat) must be carefully protected.3-5 Similarly, inadvertent disruption of the paired lateral nasal arteries—major feeding vessels to the subdermal plexus—must also be avoided, and special care should be exercised when working near the alar crease.3-5 SMAS debulking is also contraindicated in skin less than 3-mm thick because overly aggressive surgical debulking may lead to unsightly prominence of the skeletal topography. However, in the appropriate patient, SMAS debulking can reduce skin envelope thickness by as much as 3.0 mm, with greater reductions common in revision rhinoplasty cases when vascularity permits.6
Defective DNA double-strand break repair in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE
Previous reports of cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) note that repair of single-strand breaks is delayed, and these lesions may be converted to double-strand breaks (DSBs) at DNA replication forks. We undertook this study to assess the integrity of DSB recognition, signaling, and repair mechanisms in B lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with pediatric SLE.


METHODS
Nine assays were used to interrogate DSB repair and recognition in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with pediatric SLE, including the neutral comet assay (NCA), colony survival assay (CSA), irradiation-induced foci formation for γ-H2AX and 53BP1 proteins, kinetics of phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1 (SMC1), postirradiation bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to evaluate S phase checkpoint integrity, monoubiquitination of Fanconi protein D2, ATM protein expression, and non-homologous DNA end joining protein expression and function.


RESULTS
Three of the 9 assays revealed abnormal patterns of response to irradiation-induced DNA damage. The NCA and CSA yielded aberrant results in the majority of SLE lymphoblastoid cell lines. Abnormal prolongation of SMC1 phosphorylation was also noted in 2 of 16 SLE lymphoblastoid cell lines.


CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that DSB repair is defective in some lymphoblastoid cell lines from pediatric patients with SLE, especially when assessed by both NCA and CSA. Since these studies are nonspecific, further studies of DNA repair and kinetics are indicated to further delineate the underlying pathogenesis of SLE and possibly identify therapeutic targets.
Prevention of anastrozole-induced bone loss with monthly oral ibandronate during adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer.

PURPOSE
The aromatase inhibitor anastrozole is a highly effective well-tolerated treatment for postmenopausal endocrine-responsive breast cancer. However, its use is associated with accelerated bone loss and an increase in fracture risk. The ARIBON trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study designed to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonate treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in women taking anastrozole.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
BMD was assessed in 131 postmenopausal, surgically treated women with early breast cancer at two U.K. centers. Of these, 50 patients had osteopenia (T score -1.0 to -2.5) at either the hip or lumbar spine. All patients were treated with anastrozole 1 mg once a day and calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In addition, osteopenic patients were randomized to receive either treatment with ibandronate 150 mg orally every month or placebo.


RESULTS
After 2 years, osteopenic patients treated with ibandronate gained +2.98% (range -8.9, +19.9) and +0.60% (range -9.0, +6.9) at the lumbar spine and hip, respectively. Patients treated with placebo, however, lost -3.22% (range -16.0, +4.3) at the lumbar spine and -3.90% (range -12.3, +7.2) at the hip. The differences between the two treatment arms were statistically significant at both sites (P < 0.01). At 12 months, urinary n-telopeptide, serum c-telopeptide, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels declined in patients receiving ibandronate (30.9%, 26.3%, and 22.8%, respectively) and increased in those taking placebo (40.3%, 34.9%, and 37.0%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Monthly oral ibandronate improves bone density and normalizes bone turnover in patients treated with anastrozole.
Incidence of breast cancer in a cohort of 5,135 transgender veterans

Transgender (TG) persons often receive, or self-treat, with cross-sex hormone (CSH) treatments as part of their treatment plans, with little known about their incidence of breast cancer. This information gap can lead to disparities in the provision of transgender health care. The purpose of the study was to examine the incidence of breast cancer in the largest North American sample of TG patients studied to date to determine their exposure to CSH, incidence of breast cancer, and to compare results with European studies in transsexual populations. We used Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data from 5,135 TG veterans in the United States from 1996 to 2013 to determine the incidence of breast cancer in this population. Chart reviews were completed on all patients who developed breast cancer. Age-standardized incidences of breast cancer from the general population were used for comparison. Person-years of exposure to known CSH treatment were calculated. Ten breast cancer cases were confirmed. Seven were in female-to-male patients, two in male-to-female patients, and one in a natal male with transvestic fetishism. Average age at diagnosis was 63.8 (SD = 8.2). 52 % received >1 dose of CSH treatment from VHA clinicians. All three males presented with late-stage disease were proved fatal. The overall incidence rate was 20.0/100,000 patient-years of VHA treatment (95 % CI 9.6–36.8), irrespective of VA CSH treatment. This rate did not differ from the expected rate in an age-standardized national sample, but exceeded that reported for smaller European studies of transsexual patients that were longer in duration. Although definitive conclusions cannot be made regarding breast cancer incidence in TG veterans who did or did not receive VA CSH due to the sample size and duration of observation, it appears that TG veterans do not display an increase in breast cancer incidence. This is consistent with European studies of longer duration that conclude that CSH treatment in gender dysphoric patients of either birth sex does not result in a greater incidence than the general population.
The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on inflammation and metabolic syndrome in women with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increased inflammatory markers, both predictors of future cardiovascular events, are more prevalent in women with coronary heart disease (CHD). The influence of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on MetS and inflammatory biomarkers is not well characterized for women.


PURPOSE
: The purpose of this article was to examine the effects of a 12-week behaviorally enhanced CR exclusively for women compared with traditional CR on components of the MetS and inflammatory markers in women with CHD.


METHODS
The randomized clinical trial used 2 treatment groups, both receiving a comprehensive 12-week CR program, with 1 group receiving a motivationally enhanced intervention exclusively for women. A subset of 91 women (mean age, 61.6 years) from the parent study provided serum samples to examine the effects of CR on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).


RESULTS
After CR, the total sample of women demonstrated significant reductions in hsCRP (P =.002), IL-6 (P <.001), TNF-alpha (P =.010), and ICAM-1 (P =.016). Women in the gender-tailored CR program significantly improved all biomarker levels compared with baseline (P <.05 for all), whereas those in the traditional group improved only hsCRP (P <.05) and IL-6 (P <.05) levels. The combined study group demonstrated improvements in several components of MetS (triglycerides, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure) but not in others (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, and diastolic blood pressure).


CONCLUSION
Cardiac rehabilitation promotes greater improvements in inflammatory biomarkers than in components of MetS for women with CHD. Improvements in body composition or weight may not be a precondition for the benefits of exercise because of loss of abdominal fat. Examining components of MetS as continuous variables is recommended to prevent lost information inherent in dichotomization.
Fructose acute effects on glucose, insulin, and triglyceride after a solid meal compared with sucralose and sucrose in a randomized crossover study.

BACKGROUND
Fructose, which is a sweetener with a low glycemic index, has been shown to elevate postprandial triglyceride compared with glucose. There are limited data on the effect of fructose in a solid mixed meal containing starch and protein.


OBJECTIVE
We determined the effects of sucrose, fructose, and sucralose on triglyceride, glucose, and insulin in an acute study in healthy, overweight, and obese individuals.


DESIGN
The study had a randomized crossover design. Twenty-seven participants with a mean age of 44 y and a mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 26 completed the study. Fructose (52 g), sucrose (65 g), and sucralose (0.1 g) were delivered as sweet-taste-balanced muffins with a total fat load (66 g). Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 30 min for 4-h glucose, triglyceride, and insulin concentrations, and the area under the curve (AUC) and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were analyzed.


RESULTS
No significant difference was shown between the 3 sweeteners for triglyceride and glucose concentrations and the AUC. The glucose iAUC was lower for fructose than for sucrose and sucralose (P < 0.05). Insulin concentrations differed significantly by the type of muffin (P = 0.001), the interaction of time by type of muffin (P = 0.035), the AUC (P < 0.001), and the iAUC (P < 0.001). Fructose had a significantly lower insulin response than that of either sucrose (P-treatment = 0.006) or sucralose (P-treatment = 0.041).


CONCLUSIONS
Fructose, at a moderate dose, did not significantly elevate triglyceride compared with sucrose or sucralose and lowered the glucose iAUC. These results indicate that these sweeteners, at an equivalent sweetness, can be used in normal solid meals. Fructose showed a lower insulin response, which may be beneficial in the long term in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12615000279527.
Single-row suture anchor repair of the rotator cuff is biomechanically equivalent to double-row repair in a bovine model.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical differences in cyclic elongation and ultimate strength between double-row rotator cuff repair and single-row repair for partial rotator cuff repairs.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 18 immature bovine specimens (aged 12 to 16 weeks) to 3 repair groups (6 per group). A 1 x 2-cm defect was created at the infraspinatus tendon insertion site. Two suture anchors were implanted 1 cm apart at the anatomic insertion area for the lateral row. Two suture anchors were implanted 1 cm medial to the lateral row and 1 cm apart from each other for the medial row. Repair groups were constructed as follows: single-row repair with double-loaded suture anchors (group 1), double-row repair with single-loaded medial row and double-loaded lateral row (group 2), and double-row repair with single-loaded medial row and single-loaded lateral row (group 3). Specimens were cyclically loaded from 10 N to 90 N for 500 cycles and then loaded at 0.5 mm/s to failure. Data for cyclic elongation, with loads at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm, were analyzed via a 1-way analysis of variance (P < .05).


RESULTS
There were no significant differences for peak elongation after cyclic loading between groups. There were no significant differences between repair groups for loads at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm of elongation. Constructs typically failed by knot slippage (83%), with a single sample having tendon-suture failure (17%).


CONCLUSIONS
Double-row repair did not show a biomechanical advantage compared with single-row repair. With this result in mind, the theoretic advantage of a potentially larger footprint must be balanced against the added surgical time, complexity, and cost of double-row repair.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Arthroscopic surgeons should choose the best form of fixation for a given patient, without undue emphasis on single-row repair versus double-row repair. The clinical and biologic impact of footprint restoration was not addressed in this study.
Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group.

BACKGROUND
Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss) is caused by androgen-dependent miniaturization of scalp hair follicles, with scalp dihydrotestosterone (DHT) implicated as a contributing cause. Finasteride, an inhibitor of type II 5alpha-reductase, decreases serum and scalp DHT by inhibiting conversion of testosterone to DHT.


OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to determine whether finasteride treatment leads to clinical improvement in men with male pattern hair loss.


METHODS
In two 1-year trials, 1553 men (18 to 41 years of age) with male pattern hair loss received oral finasteride 1 mg/d or placebo, and 1215 men continued in blinded extension studies for a second year. Efficacy was evaluated by scalp hair counts, patient and investigator assessments, and review of photographs by an expert panel.


RESULTS
Finasteride treatment improved scalp hair by all evaluation techniques at 1 and 2 years (P < .001 vs placebo, all comparisons). Clinically significant increases in hair count (baseline = 876 hairs), measured in a 1-inch diameter circular area (5.1 cm2) of balding vertex scalp, were observed with finasteride treatment (107 and 138 hairs vs placebo at 1 and 2 years, respectively; P < .001). Treatment with placebo resulted in progressive hair loss. Patients' self-assessment demonstrated that finasteride treatment slowed hair loss, increased hair growth, and improved appearance of hair. These improvements were corroborated by investigator assessments and assessments of photographs. Adverse effects were minimal.


CONCLUSION
In men with male pattern hair loss, finasteride 1 mg/d slowed the progression of hair loss and increased hair growth in clinical trials over 2 years.
Visualization in scientific computing

Now, we come to offer you the right catalogues of book to open. visualization in scientific computing is one of the literary work in this world in suitable to be reading material. That's not only this book gives reference, but also it will show you the amazing benefits of reading a book. Developing your countless minds is needed; moreover you are kind of people with great curiosity. So, the book is very appropriate for you.
COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS SATISFYING INTEGRAL TYPE RATIONAL CONTRACTIVE CONDITIONS AND APPLICATIONS

Inspired by the concept of integral type (Branciari type) contractive condition and respective fixed point results, we derive some new common fixed point theorems for quadruple self mappings satisfying a generalized W -contractive condition or a generalized -contractive condition of integral type, also using the notions of compatibility and subsequential continuity (alternately subcompatibility and reciprocal continuity) in the frame of metric spaces. We furnish some examples to illustrate the useability of our main results. Several results existing in the literature are obtained as consequences of the main results. At the end of this article the existence and uniqueness of solutions for certain systems of integral equations and functional equations arising in dynamic programming are demonstrated with the help of the obtained results. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H10; 54H25
[Excerpt from "Genetics and the Origin of Species"]

In this excerpt from the widely read 1941 book, Genetics and the Origin of Species, Dobzhansky suggested several directions
 for future pneumococcus studies.