LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Vertex Partitioning Problems on Partial k-Trees

In this paper, we consider a large class of vertex partitioning problems and apply to them the theory of algorithm design for problems restricted to partial k-trees. We carefully describe the details of algorithms and analyze their complexity in an attempt to make the algorithms feasible as solutions for practical applications. We give a precise characterization of vertex partitioning problems, which include domination, coloring and packing problems, and their variants. Several new graph parameters are introduced as generalizations of classical parameters. This characterization provides a basis for a taxonomy of a large class of problems, facilitating their common algorithmic treatment and allowing their uniform complexity classification. We present a design methodology of practical solution algorithms for generally NP-hard problems when restricted to partial k-trees (graphs with treewidth bounded by k). This “practicality” accounts for dependency on the parameter k of the computational complexity of the resulting algorithms. By adapting the algorithm design methodology on partial k-trees to vertex partitioning problems, we obtain the first algorithms for these problems with reasonable time complexity as a function of treewidth. As an application of the methodology, we give the first polynomial-time algorithm on partial k-trees for computation of the Grundy number.
A Two-Step Flow of Influence? Opinion-Leader Campaigns on Climate Change

In this article, we review concepts, measures, and strategies that can be applied to opinion-leader campaigns on climate change. These campaigns can be used to catalyze wider political engagement on the issue and to promote sustainable consumer choices and behaviors. From past research, we outline six relevant categories of self-designated opinion-leaders, detailing issues related to identification, recruitment, training, message development, and coordination. We additionally analyze as prominent initiatives Al Gore’s The Climate Project and his more recent We campaign, which combines the recruitment of digital opinion-leaders with traditional media strategies. In evaluating digital opinion-leader campaigns, we conclude that there are likely to be significant trade-offs in comparison to face-to-face initiatives. The challenge for both scholars and practitioners is to understand under what conditions are digital opinion-leaders effective and in which ways can online interactions strengthen or build on real-world connections.
Sources and the Circulation of Renaissance Music

Contents: Introduction Part I Scribes and the Making of Manuscripts: Manuscript structure in the Dufay era, Charles Hamm Simon Mellet, scribe of Cambrai cathedral, Liane Curtis A contemporary perception of early 15th-century style: Bologna Q15 as a document of scribal editorial initiative, Margaret Bent The origins of the Chigi Codex: the date, provenance, and original ownership of Rome, Biblioteca Vaticana, Chigiana, C.VIII.234, Herbert Kellman Jean Michel, Maistre Jhan and a chorus of beasts: old light on some Ferrarese music manuscripts, Joshua Rifkin. Part II Sources, Politics and Transmission: European politics and the distribution of music in the early 15th century, Reinhard Strohm A gift of madrigals and chansons: the Winchester Part Books and the courtship of Elizabeth I by Erik XIV of Sweden, Kristine K. Forney Danish diplomacy and the dedication of Giardino novo II (1606) to King James I, Susan G. Lewis [Hammond]. Part III Sources and the Transmission of Repertory: The early Tudor court, the provinces and the Eton Choirbook, Magnus Williamson Antwerp's role in the reception and dissemination of the madrigal in the North, Kristine K. Forney. Part IV Patrons and Collectors: The purpose of the gift: for display or for performance?, Stanley Boorman Music in the library of Johannes Klein, Tom R. Ward Music for the nuns of Verona: a story about MS DCCLXI of the Biblioteca Capitolare in Verona, Howard Mayer Brown The salon as marketplace in the 1550s: patrons and collectors of Lasso's secular music, Donna G. Cardamone. Part V Music Printing: 1501-1528: The 500th anniversary of the first music printing: a history of patronage and taste in the early years, Stanley Boorman The printing contract for the Libro primo de musica de la salamandra (Rome 1526), Bonnie J. Blackburn. Part VI Printing and Printing Houses after 1528: The Libro Primo of Constanzo Festa, James Haar Twins, cousins, and heirs: relationships among editions of music printed in 16th-century Venice, Mary S. Lewis Thoughts on the popularity of printed music in 16th-century Italy, Stanley Boorman The Burning Salamander: assigning a printer to some 16th-century music prints, Jane A. Bernstein. Part VII The Financial Side of Music Printing: Financial arrangements and the role of printer and composer, Jane A. Bernstein The Venetian privilege and music-printing in the 16th century, Richard J. Agee Orlando di Lasso, composer and print entrepreneur, James Haar Music selling in late 16th-century Florence: the bookshop of Piero di Giuliano Morosi, Tim Carter Name index.
Designing AI systems that obey our laws and values

Calling for research on automatic oversight for artificial intelligence systems.
Evaluating Hive and Spark SQL with BigBench

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Non-volcanic deep low-frequency tremors accompanying slow slips in the southwest Japan subduction zone

Non-volcanic deep low-frequency tremors in southwest Japan exhibit a strong temporal and spatial correlation with slow slip detected by the dense seismic network. The tremor signal is characterized by a low-frequency vibration with a predominant frequency of 0.5–5 Hz without distinct Por S-wave onset. The tremors are located using the coherent pattern of envelopes over many stations, and are estimated to occur near the transition zone on the plate boundary on the forearc side along the strike of the descending Philippine Sea plate. The belt-like distribution of tremors consists of many clusters. In western Shikoku, the major tremor activity has a recurrence interval of approximately six months, with each episode lasting over a week. The tremor source area migrates during each episode along the strike of the subducting plate with a migration velocity of about 10 km/day. Slow slip events occur contemporaneously with this tremor activity, with a coincident estimated source area that also migrates during each episode. The coupling of tremor and slow slip in western Shikoku is very similar to the episodic tremor and slip phenomenon reported for the Cascadia margin in northwest North America. The duration and recurrence interval of these episodes varies between tremor clusters even on the same subduction zone, attributable to regional difference in the frictional properties of the plate interface. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Non-invasive determination of cardiac output: comparison of a novel CW Doppler ultrasonic technique and inert gas rebreathing.

BACKGROUND
Cardiac Output (CO) is an important parameter in the diagnosis and therapy of heart diseases. Inert gas rebreathing (IGR) and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound (CWD) are among the most promising newer techniques aiming at a non-invasive, point of care measurement of CO. A direct comparison of the two methods has not yet been carried out.


METHODS
63 consecutive patients were included in the study. CO was measured twice with both CWD and IGR to assess inter-method agreement and reproducibility. The statistical comparisons were performed as proposed by Bland and Altman.


RESULTS
There was a significant correlation between the CO measurements by both methods (r=0.53, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed a good agreement of measurements with a bias of 0.4+/-1.0 l/min (mean+/-standard deviation). Both methods showed a good reproducibility. CWD measurements were not possible in 14% of patients while IGR measurements were not possible in 5% of patients (p=0.13).


CONCLUSION
The determination of CO by IGR and CWD revealed a good agreement and reproducibility with a low rate of impossible measurements, suggesting that IGR and CWD can be used interchangeably in the clinical setting.
A Wideband Frequency-Tunable Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on a Narrowband Phase-Shifted FBG and Wavelength Tuning of Laser

A wideband frequency-tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a narrowband phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PSFBG) and wavelength tuning of the laser is proposed and demonstrated. With assistance of an optical single-sideband modulator, the PSFBG with a narrow transmission peak acts like an equivalent high-Q microwave filter to select the oscillation frequency. Frequency tunability of the OEO can be simply realized by tuning the wavelength of a laser source. An X-band optoelectronic oscillating signal with frequency tunable at wide range from 8.4 to 11.8 GHz is generated and its performance is investigated in the experiment.
Structure determination of ions formed by the decomposition of metastable ions. C8H9+ ions from p-bromoethylbenzene

Collisional activation spectra are useful for structure determination of ions produced by metastable decomposition, showing that only half of the C8H9+ ions from p-bromoethylbenzene have the methyltropylium structure, contrary to previous conclusions.
ProM 6: The Process Mining Toolkit

Process mining has been around for a decade, and it has proven to be a very fertile and successful research field. Part of this success can be contributed to the ProM tool, which combines most of the existing process mining techniques as plug-ins in a single tool. ProM 6 removes many limitations that existed in the previous versions, in particular with respect to the tight integration between the tool and the
A Multi-Representational and Multi-Layered Treebank for Hindi/Urdu

This paper describes the simultaneous development of dependency structure and phrase structure treebanks for Hindi and Urdu, as well as a PropBank. The dependency structure and the PropBank are manually annotated, and then the phrase structure treebank is produced automatically. To ensure successful conversion the development of the guidelines for all three representations are carefully coordinated.
Wii-based compared to standard of care balance and mobility rehabilitation for two individuals post-stroke

Great interest and some hype have accompanied the introduction of Nintendo Wii-based rehabilitation. The purpose of these cases is to describe a Wii-based balance and mobility program and compare it to a standard of care balance and mobility program for two individuals in the chronic phase post-stroke. Both individuals with left cerebrovascular accidents received four weeks (12 one hour sessions) of either a Nintendo Wii and Wii Fit program or standard of care balance and mobility program. Gait speed, walking endurance (six minute walk test), balance (Dynamic Gait Index) balance confidence (Activity Balance Confidence Questionnaire) and dual tasks mobility tests (Timed-Up and Go) were measured prior to training, upon training completion and at three months post-training. Both individuals demonstrated improvements in most outcomes measured. The percent increases were generally greater for the person in the Wii-based program. Retention of improvements, however, was greater for the individual who received the standard of care. Enthusiasm for new therapies needs to be tempered with evidence of efficacy with particular attention to retention of gains.
The Epidemiology of Newly Diagnosed Chronic Liver Disease in Gastroenterology Practices in the United States: Results From Population-Based Surveillance

OBJECTIVES: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiology is not well described. We conducted prospective population-based surveillance to estimate newly diagnosed CLD incidence, characterize etiology distribution, and determine disease stage.METHODS: We identified cases of CLD newly diagnosed during 1999–2001 among adult county residents seen in any gastroenterology practice in New Haven County, Connecticut; Multnomah County, Oregon; and Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP, Oakland, California [total population 1.48 million]). We defined CLD as abnormal liver tests of at least 6 months' duration or pathologic, clinical, or radiologic evidence of CLD. Consenting patients were interviewed, a blood specimen obtained, and the medical record reviewed.RESULTS: We identified 2,353 patients with newly diagnosed CLD (63.9 cases/100,000 population), including 1,225 hepatitis C patients (33.2 cases/100,000). Men aged 45–54 yr had the highest hepatitis C incidence rate (111.3/100,000). Among 1,040 enrolled patients, the median age was 48 yr (range 19–86 yr). Hepatitis C, either alone (442 [42%]) or in combination with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (228 [22%]), accounted for two-thirds of the cases. Other etiologies included nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, 95 [9%]), ALD (82 [8%]), and hepatitis B (36 [3%]). Other identified etiologies each accounted for <3% of the cases. A total of 184 patients (18%) presented with cirrhosis, including 44% of patients with ALD.CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolating from this population-based surveillance network to the adult U.S. population, approximately 150,000 patients with CLD were diagnosed in gastroenterology practices each year during 1999–2001. Most patients had hepatitis C; heavy alcohol consumption among these patients was common. Almost 20% of patients, an estimated 30,000 per year, had cirrhosis at presentation. These results provide population-level baseline data to evaluate trends in identification of patients with CLD in gastroenterology practices.
Re: CAPTCHAs-Understanding CAPTCHA-Solving Services in an Economic Context

Reverse Turing tests, or CAPTCHAs, have become an ubiquitous defense used to protect open Web resources from being exploited at scale. An effective CAPTCHA resists existing mechanistic software solving, yet can be solved with high probability by a human being. In response, a robust solving ecosystem has emerged, reselling both automated solving technology and realtime human labor to bypass these protections. Thus, CAPTCHAs can increasingly be understood and evaluated in purely economic terms; the market price of a solution vs the monetizable value of the asset being protected. We examine the market-side of this question in depth, analyzing the behavior and dynamics of CAPTCHA-solving service providers, their price performance, and the underlying labor markets driving this economy.
Towards the creation of decellularized organ constructs using irreversible electroporation and active mechanical perfusion

BACKGROUND
Despite advances in transplant surgery and general medicine, the number of patients awaiting transplant organs continues to grow, while the supply of organs does not. This work outlines a method of organ decellularization using non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE) which, in combination with reseeding, may help supplement the supply of organs for transplant.


METHODS
In our study, brief but intense electric pulses were applied to porcine livers while under active low temperature cardio-emulation perfusion. Histological analysis and lesion measurements were used to determine the effects of the pulses in decellularizing the livers as a first step towards the development of extracellular scaffolds that may be used with stem cell reseeding. A dynamic conductivity numerical model was developed to simulate the treatment parameters used and determine an irreversible electroporation threshold.


RESULTS
Ninety-nine individual 1000 V/cm 100-μs square pulses with repetition rates between 0.25 and 4 Hz were found to produce a lesion within 24 hours post-treatment. The livers maintained intact bile ducts and vascular structures while demonstrating hepatocytic cord disruption and cell delamination from cord basal laminae after 24 hours of perfusion. A numerical model found an electric field threshold of 423 V/cm under specific experimental conditions, which may be used in the future to plan treatments for the decellularization of entire organs. Analysis of the pulse repetition rate shows that the largest treated area and the lowest interstitial density score was achieved for a pulse frequency of 1 Hz. After 24 hours of perfusion, a maximum density score reduction of 58.5 percent had been achieved.


CONCLUSIONS
This method is the first effort towards creating decellularized tissue scaffolds that could be used for organ transplantation using N-TIRE. In addition, it provides a versatile platform to study the effects of pulse parameters such as pulse length, repetition rate, and field strength on whole organ structures.
Prevention of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Using a Web Intervention, iChill: Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a high prevalence, chronic disorder. Web-based interventions are acceptable, engaging, and can be delivered at scale. Few randomized controlled trials evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs for anxiety, or the factors that improve effectiveness and engagement.


OBJECTIVE
The intent of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Web-based program in preventing GAD symptoms in young adults, and to determine the role of telephone and email reminders.


METHODS
A 5-arm randomized controlled trial with 558 Internet users in the community, recruited via the Australian Electoral Roll, was conducted with 6- and 12-month follow-up. Five interventions were offered over a 10-week period. Group 1 (Active website) received a combined intervention of psycho-education, Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) for anxiety, physical activity promotion, and relaxation. Group 2 (Active website with telephone) received the identical Web program plus weekly telephone reminder calls. Group 3 (Active website with email) received the identical Web program plus weekly email reminders. Group 4 (Control) received a placebo website. Group 5 (Control with telephone) received the placebo website plus telephone calls. Main outcome measures were severity of anxiety symptoms as measured by the GAD 7-item scale (GAD-7) (at post-test, 6, and 12 months). Secondary measures were GAD caseness, measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at 6 months, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Days out of Role.


RESULTS
GAD-7 symptoms reduced over post-test, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. There were no significant differences between Group 4 (Control) and Groups 1 (Active website), 2 (Active website with telephone), 3 (Active website with email), or 5 (Control with telephone) at any follow-up. A total of 16 cases of GAD were identified at 6 months, comprising 6.7% (11/165) from the Active groups (1, 2, 3) and 4.5% (5/110) from the Control groups (4, 5), a difference that was not significant. CES-D, ASI, and PSWQ scores were significantly lower for the active website with email reminders at post-test, relative to the control website condition.


CONCLUSIONS
Indicated prevention of GAD was not effective in reducing anxiety levels, measured by GAD-7. There were significant secondary effects for anxiety sensitivity, worry, and depression. Challenges for indicated prevention trials are discussed.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 76298775; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN76298775 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6S9aB5MAq).
Digit Ratio ( 2 D : 4 D ) and Cattell ’ s Personality Traits

The ratio between second and fourth finger (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic; it is lower in men than in women. Studies using broad personality domains yielded correlations of 2D:4D with neuroticism, extraversion or agreeableness, but the obtained results have been inconsistent. We correlated 2D:4D of 184 women and 101 men with their scores in Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire. We found women with a higher (more ‘feminine’) right hand 2D:4D to score lower in emotional stability and social boldness and higher in privateness. Mediator analysis showed emotional stability to be probably primarily correlated with 2D:4D and to act as a mediator between 2D:4D and social boldness. Privateness appears to be mediated by an even more complex path. We discuss the usefulness of primary-level personality questionnaires and mediator analyses in the investigation of psycho-morphological associations. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Trouble with Quantum Bit Commitment

In a recent paper, Lo and Chau explain how to break a family of quantum bit commitment schemes, and they claim that their attack applies to the 1993 protocol of Brassard, Crépeau, Jozsa and Langlois (BCJL). The intuition behind their attack is correct, and indeed they expose a weakness common to all proposals of a certain kind, but the BCJL protocol does not fall in this category. Nevertheless, it is true that the BCJL protocol is insecure, but the required attack is more subtle. Here we provide the first complete proof that the BCJL protocol is insecure. ∗ Supported in part by Canada’s Nserc and Québec’s Fcar. † Département IRO, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada H3C 3J7. e-mail: mayersd.umontreal.ca.
Laparoendoscopic single-site totally extraperitoneal adult inguinal hernia repair: initial 100 patients

This report aims to describe the authors’ initial experience with laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair in 100 patients. Patients who underwent an elective LESS TEP inguinal hernia repair between December 2008 and September 2010 in a single center were enrolled prospectively in this study. Patient demographic data, hernia characteristics, and operative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. An Alexis wound retractor was placed through the 2-cm subumbilical incision as a homemade transumbilical access platform after the preperitoneal space was created by a balloon dissector. Standard procedures of TEP all were finished using conventional straight laparoscopic instruments. Of the 100 patients in this study, 2 underwent conversion to LESS transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair. The remaining 98 patients received successful LESS TEP inguinal hernia repair by a single surgeon. No patient required open or conventional laparoscopic conversion. However, one patient did experience recurrence. The mean operative time was 64.2 min, and the hospital stay was 1.54 days. One patient with a history of bladder surgery had a minor intraoperative bladder injury. No major postoperative complication occurred, but 11 patients had seroma or hematoma, 2 had epididymitis, 2 had urinary tract infection, 1 had wound dehiscence, 1 had wound infection, and 1 had urinary retention. This single-arm observational study was limited by the absence of a control cohort. Based on our experience, in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons, LESS TEP repair for adult inguinal hernia using the homemade port as an access platform is feasible and safe and provides acceptable operative outcomes.
RFID-based techniques for human-activity detection

The iBracelet and the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform promise the ability to infer human activity directly from sensor readings.