LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of everolimus- and sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with long coronary artery lesions: a randomized LONG-DES-III (Percutaneous Treatment of LONG Native Coronary Lesions With Drug-Eluting Stent-III) Trial.

OBJECTIVES
This study compared everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) for long coronary lesions.


BACKGROUND
Outcomes remain relatively unfavorable for stent-based coronary intervention of lesions with long diseased segments.


METHODS
This randomized, multicenter, prospective trial compared the use of long EES with SES in 450 patients with long (≥ 25 mm) native coronary lesions. The primary endpoint of the trial was in-segment late luminal loss at 9-month angiographic follow-up.


RESULTS
The EES and SES groups had similar baseline characteristics. Lesion length was 34.0 ± 15.4 mm in the EES group and 34.3 ± 13.5 mm in the SES group (p = 0.85). Nine-month angiographic follow-up was performed in 80% of the EES group and 81% of the SES group (p = 0.69). In-segment late loss as the primary study endpoint was significantly larger in the EES group than in the SES group (0.17 ± 0.41 mm vs. 0.09 ± 0.30 mm, p for noninferiority = 0.96, p for superiority = 0.04). The in-segment binary restenosis rate was also higher in the EES group than in the SES group (7.3% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.046). However, in-stent late loss (0.22 ± 0.43 mm vs. 0.18 ± 0.28 mm, p = 0.29) and in-stent binary restenosis rate (3.9% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.53) were similar among the 2 groups. The incidence of any clinical outcomes (death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and composite outcomes) was not statistically different between the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
For patients with long native coronary artery disease, EES implantation was associated with greater angiographic in-segment late loss and higher rates of in-segment restenosis compared with SES implantation. However, clinical outcomes were both excellent and not statistically different.
Internet Health Information Seeking and the Patient-Physician Relationship: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND
With online health information becoming increasingly popular among patients, concerns have been raised about the impact of patients' Internet health information-seeking behavior on their relationship with physicians. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand the influence of online health information on the patient-physician relationship.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to systematically review existing research on patients' Internet health information seeking and its influence on the patient-physician relationship.


METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed and key medical informatics, information systems, and communication science journals covering the period of 2000 to 2015. Empirical articles that were in English were included. We analyzed the content covering themes in 2 broad categories: factors affecting patients' discussion of online findings during consultations and implications for the patient-physician relationship.


RESULTS
We identified 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria and the quality requirement for the review. The articles revealed barriers, facilitators, and demographic factors that influence patients' disclosure of online health information during consultations and the different mechanisms patients use to reveal these findings. Our review also showed the mechanisms in which online information could influence patients' relationship with their physicians.


CONCLUSIONS
Results of this review contribute to the understanding of the patient-physician relationship of Internet-informed patients. Our main findings show that Internet health information seeking can improve the patient-physician relationship depending on whether the patient discusses the information with the physician and on their prior relationship. As patients have better access to health information through the Internet and expect to be more engaged in health decision making, traditional models of the patient-provider relationship and communication strategies must be revisited to adapt to this changing demographic.
Study of metal complexation of cardenolides with divalent metal ions by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Cardenolides are natural products with positive inotropic and cytotoxic activity that are able to interact with metals, although the possible role that these interactions may play in their biological activity is not known. Mixtures of the following cardenolides: digoxigenin (DgG), gitoxigenin (GxG), digitoxigenin (DxG), uzarigenin (UzG) and a butenolide, 2(5H)-furanone (Fur), with different metal cations, namely Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ and Zn 2+ ,were studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in a Quadrupole-Time of Flight. The relative stability of the most important adducts was studied by threshold collision induced dissociation, E 1/2 . Computational modeling of the observed complexes with calcium was performed using DFT B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level of theory. Complexes of stoichiometry [nM+Me] 2+ , with n = 4 to 6 ligands and Me a metal cation, were observed for all studied compounds. The adducts [4M+Me] 2+ corresponded to the most intense peaks in most of the mass spectra and showed the highest E 1/2 . GxG showed a higher tendency to form complexes with low coordination numbers. Calculations showed that the carbonyl oxygen of the butenolide moiety is the most important site of coordination and allowed the proposal of different binding modes to explain the differences observed in the GxG MS spectra. A direct relationship was observed between experimental and computational data, which allowed to predict the MS behavior of these or similar compounds. The analysis can be extrapolated to other compounds with a furanone ring, and used as an analytical tool to characterize furanone compounds, or for the differentiation of DgG and GxG.
Different routes to limited empathy in the sexes: Examining the links between the Dark Triad and empathy

A fundamental observation regarding the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) is that they are all associated with limited empathy. However, little is known about these relationships beyond some basics. In this study (N = 352), we asked three questions. What is the nature of the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and empathy? Does limited empathy account for sex differences in the Dark Triad? Are men and women low on empathy through different personality traits? The Dark Triad traits were all related to low levels of empathy even when controlling for the shared variance among the traits. Empathy rates mediated sex differences in different aspects of the Dark Triad but not others. Low empathy rates were related to narcissism in women but psychopathy in men, suggesting different routes to limited empathy for men and women high on the Dark Triad. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A combined finite volume-finite element scheme for the discretization of strongly nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction problems on nonmatching grids

We propose and analyze a numerical scheme for nonlinear degenerate parabolic convection– diffusion–reaction equations in two or three space dimensions. We discretize the time evolution, convection, reaction, and sources terms on a given grid, which can be nonmatching and can contain nonconvex elements, by means of the cell-centered finite volume method. To discretize the diffusion term, we construct a conforming simplicial mesh with the vertices given by the original grid and use the finite element method. In this way, the scheme is fully consistent and the discrete solution is naturally continuous across the interfaces between the subdomains with nonmatching grids, without introducing any supplementary equations and unknowns or using any interpolation of the discrete solutions at the interfaces. We allow for general inhomogeneous and anisotropic diffusion–dispersion tensors and use the local Péclet upstream weighting in order to only add the minimal numerical diffusion necessary to avoid spurious oscillations in the convection-dominated case. The scheme is robust, efficient, locally conservative, and satisfies the discrete maximum principle under some conditions on the mesh and the diffusion tensor. We prove its convergence using a priori estimates and the Kolmogorov relative compactness theorem and illustrate its behavior on a numerical experiment.
A survey of software requirements specification practices in the New Zealand software industry

We report on the software development techniques used in the New Zealand software industry, paying particular attention to requirements gat hering. We surveyed a selection of software companies with a general questionnaire and then conduc ted in-depth interviews with four companies. Our results show a wide variety in the kinds of com panies undertaking software development, employing a wide range of software development t echniques. Although our data are not sufficiently detailed to draw statistically significant conclusions, it appears that larger software development groups typically have more well-defined so ftware development processes, spend proportionally more time on requirements gathering, a d follow more rigorous testing regimes.
An electronic chalkboard for classroom and distance teaching

Preface Quis leget haec? Persius, Satires, 1:2 Many people have contributed to the development of the system being described in this thesis. The project was conceived by Prof. Dr. Raúl Rojas, who accompanied its development and provided many ideas. also designed the multimedia editor called Exymen and the video part of the E-Chalk system. Kristian Jantz assisted in the video software development. He implemented the SID plug-in for Exymen, the Maple connection for the board, and a number of tools: one for converting lecture recordings to AVI and QuickTime movies, another for generating board snapshots, one for updating the audio format, and a tool for restoring damaged recordings. Ernesto Tapia developed the mathematical handwriting recognition integrated in the board component. Joachim Schulte conducted the extensive user evaluations on the system in university teaching. Stefanie Eule evaluated the usage in K-12 schools. For valuable feedbacks, I would like to give thanks to many users, especially to the MOSES team of Prof. board hardware and software, for generously providing test hardware, and for lots of interesting input. For polishing up my English, I am indebted to Heike Hellner, Gerald Fried-land, Christian Zick, and Peter Monnerjahn. Finally, for their kindness and support, I want express my gratitude to my friends, my parents, and my beloved Diana.
Social Network Analysis with Content and Graphs

As a consequence of changing economic and social realities, the increased availability of large-scale, real-world sociographic data has ushered in a new era of research and development in social network analysis. The quantity of content-based data created every day by traditional and social media, sensors, and mobile devices provides great opportunities and unique challenges for the automatic analysis, prediction, and summarization in the era of what has been dubbed " Big Data. " Lincoln Laboratory has been investigating approaches for computational social network analysis that focus on three areas: constructing social networks , analyzing the structure and dynamics of a community , and developing inferences from social networks. Network construction from general, real-world data presents several unexpected challenges owing to the data domains themselves, e.g., information extraction and pre-processing, and to the data structures used for knowledge representation and storage. The Laboratory has developed methods for constructing networks from varied, unstructured sources such as text, social media, and reality mining of datasets. A fundamental tool in social network analysis that underpins many higher-level analytics is community detection. Various approaches have been employed to detect community structure from network data, including a technique to explore the dynamics of these communities once they are detected. Insight gained from basic analytical techniques , such as community analysis, can be used for higher-level inference and knowledge-discovery tasks. Work in attribute prediction on social networks takes advantage of recent advances in statistical relational learning. Social network analysis has undergone a renaissance with the ubiquity and quantity of content from social media, web pages, and
Adjustment to the first year in school — A Singapore perspective

SUMMARY This paper investigates the concept of adjustment to school for a group of primary one (first grade) pupils in Singapore. Pupils rated by their teachers as being well adjusted obtained significantly higher grades at the end of the school year, did not require additional learning support, and exhibited better social skills compared to children judged to be poorly adjusted. Of interest are factors that contribute to successful adjustment in the first year of school in an examination-oriented educational system: children's primary home language, pre-requisite entry skills from preschool, and the father's occupation. Implications for early childhood educators and parents are discussed.
Bandit Algorithms for Tree Search

Bandit based methods for tree search have recently gained popularity when applied to huge trees, e.g. in the game of go [6]. Their efficient exploration of the tree enables to return rapidly a good value, and improve precision if more time is provided. The UCT algorithm [8], a tree search method based on Upper Confidence Bounds (UCB) [2], is believed to adapt locally to the effective smoothness of the tree. However, we show that UCT is “over-optimistic” in some sense, leading to a worst-case regret that may be very poor. We propose alternative bandit algorithms for tree search. First, a modification of UCT using a confidence sequence that scales exponentially in the horizon depth is analyzed. We then consider Flat-UCB performed on the leaves and provide a finite regret bound with high probability. Then, we introduce and analyze a Bandit Algorithm for Smooth Trees (BAST) which takes into account actual smoothness of the rewards for performing efficient “cuts” of sub-optimal branches with high confidence. Finally, we present an incremental tree expansion which applies when the full tree is too big (possibly infinite) to be entirely represented and show that with high probability, only the optimal branches are indefinitely developed. We illustrate these methods on a global optimization problem of a continuous function, given noisy values.
Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America

Preface: The Difficulty of Keeping Faith. Cultural Criticism and Race 1. The New Cultural Politics of Difference 2. Black Critics and the Pitfalls of Canon Formation 3. A Note on Race and Architecture 4. Horace Pippin's Challenge to Art Criticism 5. The Dilemma of the Black Intellectual. Philosophy and Political Engagement 6. Theory, Pragmatisms and Politics 7. Pragmatism and the Sense of the Tragic 8. The Historicist Turn in Philosophy of Religion 9. The Limits of Neopragmatism 10. On Georg Lukacs 11. Fredric Jameson's American Marxism. Law and Culture 12. Reassessing the Critical Legal Studies Movement 13. Critical Legal Studies and a Liberal Critic 14. Charles Taylor and the Critical Legal Studies Movement 15. The Role of Law in Progressive Politics. Explaining Race 16. Race and Social Theory 17. The Paradox of the African American Rebellion Notes Index
Conditional trust : sex , race and facial expressions in a trust game

We report the results of a series of laboratory experiments that focus on a two-person, sequential trust game. Two persons at different locations are paired for a single play of the game. Participants also complete two risk-assessment instruments: a survey and a decision task. The treatments involve the manipulation of the information available to the subjects about their counterparts. In one treatment, subjects are told the sex of their counterpart along with answers to several preference questions (what is your favorite color?, etc.) In the other, each subject sees a photograph of his/her counterpart. Our two-site design means that we can control the information subjects have about their counterparts without compromising anonymity or deceiving the participants. We conjecture that people are strategic actors whose trusting behavior is conditional on the decision context, including the characteristics of a partner, and we are able to test the effect of observable characteristics on trust and reciprocity. In a second component of the experiment, the photographs are rated by a separate set of subjects using survey items that ask subjects to choose between descriptive word pairs. These items scale into three factors that measure trustworthiness/reliability; friendliness/cooperativeness, and mood. Trusting behavior is significantly related to risk attitudes, friendliness/cooperativeness, race and sex. Reciprocity is related to the trustworthiness of the recipient.
Long-term immune responses and comparative effectiveness of one or two doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in HIV-positive adults in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

INTRODUCTION
HIV infection impairs maintenance of immunological memory, yet few studies of HIV-positive adults receiving 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) have followed them beyond the first year. We determined and compared the durability of serological responses and the clinical outcomes of HIV-positive adults annually for five years following vaccination with one or two doses of PCV7.


METHODS
In this non-randomized clinical trial, 221 pneumococcal vaccine-naïve HIV-positive adults receiving one (n = 109) or two doses four weeks apart (n = 112) of PCV7 between 2008 and 2010 were longitudinally followed for evaluation of significant serological response and for episodes of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease.


RESULTS
At the time of vaccination, the two groups were well matched for age, risk factors, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) coverage, CD4 count and plasma HIV RNA load (PVL). At the end of five years, the CD4 counts for the one- and two-dose groups had increased from 407 and 406 to 550 and 592 cells/µL, respectively, and 82.4 and 81.6% of the participants had fully suppressed PVL. Significant immune responses to ≥ 2 serotypes persisted for 67.9 vs 78.6%, 64.2 vs 71.4%, 66.1 vs 71.4%, 57.8 vs 69.6% in the second, third, fourth and fifth years after one and two doses of PCV7 in the intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. In multivariate analysis, immunization with two doses of PCV7 (odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 2.65, p = 0.016), concurrent cART (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.00, p = 0.015) and CD4 proliferation (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27, p = 0.031) were predictive of persistent serological responses in the fifth year. Only one patient in the one-dose group had documented pneumococcal pneumonia (non-bacteraemic) and none had invasive pneumococcal disease in the 6.5 years of follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
One or two doses of PCV7 achieve durable seroprotective responses in HIV-treated participants; however, two doses may be more robust than one dose in a larger study population or in real-world populations with less cART coverage.
Improved Accuracy of Genomic Prediction for Traits with Rare QTL by Fitting Haplotypes

Genomic prediction estimates QTL effects by exploiting LD. High LD can only occur when SNPs and QTL have similar minor allele frequencies (MAF). Marker panels tend to use SNPs with high MAF and will have limited ability to predict rare QTL. In practice, increasing SNP density has not improved prediction accuracy. This might be explained if a trait had many rare QTL. In such cases, linear models fitting haplotypes could have an advantage because haplotypes could be in complete LD with QTL alleles. SNP genotypes were simulated with 200 SNPs per cM. Genomic breeding values were predicted using either SNP genotypes or non-overlapping haplotypes. When QTL had low MAF, prediction accuracy from haplotype models were significantly higher than for SNP models. Results suggest that haplotype models can be an efficient alternative to SNP models especially when traits are controlled by many rare QTL.
Pictures of Processes: Automated Graph Rewriting for Monoidal Categories and Applications to Quantum Computing

This work is about diagrammatic languages, how they can be represented, and what they in turn can be used to represent. More specifically, it focuses on representations and applications of string diagrams. String diagrams are used to represent a collection of processes, depicted as “boxes” with multiple (typed) inputs and outputs, depicted as “wires”. If we allow plugging input and output wires together, we can intuitively represent complex compositions of processes, formalised as morphisms in a monoidal category. While string diagrams are very intuitive, existing methods for defining them rigorously rely on topological notions that do not extend naturally to automated computation. The first major contribution of this dissertation is the introduction of a discretised version of a string diagram called a string graph. String graphs form a partial adhesive category, so they can be manipulated using double-pushout graph rewriting. Furthermore, we show how string graphs modulo a rewrite system can be used to construct free symmetric traced and compact closed categories on a monoidal signature. The second contribution is in the application of graphical languages to quantum information theory. We use a mixture of diagrammatic and algebraic techniques to prove a new classification result for strongly complementary observables. Namely, maximal sets of strongly complementary observables of dimension D must be of size no larger than 2, and are in 1-to-1 correspondence with the Abelian groups of order D. We also introduce a graphical language for multipartite entanglement and illustrate a simple graphical axiom that distinguishes the two maximally-entangled tripartite qubit states: GHZ and W. Notably, we illustrate how the algebraic structures induced by these operations correspond to the (partial) arithmetic operations of addition and multiplication on the complex projective line. The third contribution is a description of two software tools developed in part by the author to implement much of the theoretical content described here. The first tool is Quantomatic, a desktop application for building string graphs and graphical theories, as well as performing automated graph rewriting visually. The second is QuantoCoSy, which performs fully automated, model-driven theory creation using a procedure called conjecture synthesis. Chapter
Adapting User-Centered Design Methods to Design for Diverse Populations

User-centered design (UCD) methods such as personas and scenarios are useful tools for communicating extensive user research to design teams. However, the intensive data collection and onsite aeldwork required to create personas and scenarios can present barriers for user researchers and design teams working on technology innovations for diverse populations, including those in developing regions. This article presents a model that demonstrates how user researchers and design teams can use data collected for other purposes to source personas and scenarios and to substantively adopt user-centered design approaches. We demonstrate our methods based on research conducted in a case study in Kyrgyzstan, a country in Central Asia.