LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), which describes the “phase twist” (helical phase pattern) of light beams, has recently gained interest due to its potential applications in many diverse areas. Particularly promising is the use of OAM for optical communications since: (i) coaxially propagating OAM beams with different azimuthal OAM states are mutually orthogonal, (ii) inter-beam crosstalk can be minimized, and (iii) the beams can be efficiently multiplexed and demultiplexed. As a result, multiple OAM states could be used as different carriers for multiplexing and transmitting multiple data streams, thereby potentially increasing the system capacity. In this paper, we review recent progress in OAM beam generation/detection, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and its potential applications in different scenarios including free-space optical communications, fiber-optic communications, and RF communications. Technical challenges and perspectives of OAM beams are also discussed. © 2015 Optical Society of America
Plerixafor is effective given either preemptively or as a rescue strategy in poor stem cell mobilizing patients with multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND
Harvest of more than one CD34+ stem cell transplant has become the standard, to ensure the option for a second autologous transplantation in patients with relapsed or progressive multiple myeloma (MM). Additional administration of the CXCR-4 inhibitor plerixafor has been shown to increase the efficiency of CD34+ stem cell harvest. However, the algorithm when to apply plerixafor is still under debate.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
In this retrospective study, 46 MM patients were categorized into four groups according to their CD34+ stem cell count in peripheral blood (PB) and mobilization with or without plerixafor: Group A comprised poor mobilizers with CD34+ cell counts of fewer than 20 × 10(6) /L in PB. Group B included inadequate mobilizers with CD34+ cell counts of 20 × 10(6) /L or more in PB and a low CD34+ stem cell yield in the first leukapheresis session. Patients receiving plerixafor preemptively (Group A1) and as a rescue strategy (Group B1) were compared to patients continuing stem cell collection with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor alone (Groups A2 and B2).


RESULTS
In both, the preemptive and the rescue settings, plerixafor enhanced the CD34+ stem cell yield significantly. Poor mobilization and administration of plerixafor was not associated with delayed engraftment.


CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate that administration of plerixafor is safe and effective and facilitates a significantly higher CD34+ stem cell harvest. Based on the presented data, we propose an algorithm for the use of plerixafor for CD34+ stem cell mobilization and harvesting in poor mobilizing myeloma patients.
Acetazolamide and inhaled carbon dioxide reduce periodic breathing during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Periodic breathing (PB) during sleep and exercise in heart failure (HF) is related to respiratory acid-base status, CO2 chemosensitivity, and temporal dynamics of CO2 and O2 sensing. We studied inhaled CO2 and acetazolamide to alter these factors and reduce PB.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We measured expired and arterial gases and PB amplitude and duration in 20 HF patients during exercise before and after acetazolamide given acutely (500 mg intravenously) and prolonged (24 hours, 2 g orally), and we performed overnight polysomnography. We studied CO2 inhalation (1%-2%) during constant workload exercise. PB disappeared in 19/20 and 2/7 patients during 2% and 1% CO2. No changes in cardiorespiratory parameters were observed after acute acetazolamide. With prolonged acetazolamide at rest: ventilation +2.04 ± 4.0 L/min (P = .001), tidal volume +0.11 ± 1.13 L (P = .003), respiratory rate +1.24 ± 4.63 breaths/min (NS), end-tidal PO2 +4.62 ± 2.43 mm Hg (P = .001), and end-tidal PCO2 -2.59 ± 9.7 mm Hg (P < .001). At maximum exercise: Watts -10% (P < .02), VO2 -61 ± 109 mL/min (P = .04) and VCO2 101 ± 151 mL/min (P < .02). Among 20 patients, PB disappeared in 1 and 7 subjects after acute and prolonged acetazolamide, respectively. PB was present 80% ± 26, 65% ± 28, and 43% ± 39 of exercise time before and after acute and prolonged acetazolamide, respectively. Overnight apnea/hypopnea index decreased from 30.8 ± 83.8 to 21.1 ± 16.9 (P = .003).


CONCLUSIONS
In HF, inhaled CO2 and acetazolamide reduce exercise PB with additional benefits of acetazolamide on sleep PB.
Managing demand uncertainty in supply chain planning

In this work, we provide an overview of our previously published works on incorporating demand uncertainty in midterm planning of multisite supply chains. A stochastic programming based approach is described to model the planning process as it reacts to demand realizations unfolding over time. In the proposed bilevel-framework, the manufacturing decisions are modeled as ‘here-and-now’ decisions, which are made before demand realization. Subsequently, the logistics decisions are postponed in a ‘waitand-see’ mode to optimize in the face of uncertainty. In addition, the trade-off between customer satisfaction level and production costs is also captured in the model. The proposed model provides an effective tool for evaluating and actively managing the exposure of an enterprises assets (such as inventory levels and profit margins) to market uncertainties. The key features of the proposed framework are highlighted through a supply chain planning case study. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Study in Using Neural Networks for Anomaly and Misuse Detection

Current intrusion detection systems lack the ability to generalize from previously observed attacks to detect even slight variations of known attacks. This paper describes new process-based intrusion detection approaches that provide the ability to generalize from previously observed behavior to recognize future unseen behavior. The approach employs arti cial neural networks (ANNs), and can be used for both anomaly detection in order to detect novel attacks and misuse detection in order to detect known attacks and even variations of known attacks. These techniques were applied to a large corpus of data collected by Lincoln Labs at MIT for an intrusion detection system evaluation sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Results from applying these techniques for both anomaly and misuse detection against the DARPA evaluation data are presented.
Exploration of Bagging Ensembles Comprising Genetic Fuzzy Models to Assist with Real Estate Appraisals

The study reported was devoted to investigate to what extent bagging approach could lead to the improvement of the accuracy machine learning regression models. Four algorithms implemented in the KEEL tool, including two evolutionary fuzzy systems, decision trees for regression, and neural network, were used in the experiments. The results showed that some bagging ensembles ensured higher prediction accuracy than single models.
Effectiveness of e-learning in continuing medical education for occupational physicians

BACKGROUND
Within a clinical context e-learning is comparable to traditional approaches of continuing medical education (CME). However, the occupational health context differs and until now the effect of postgraduate e-learning among occupational physicians (OPs) has not been evaluated.


AIM
To evaluate the effect of e-learning on knowledge on mental health issues as compared to lecture-based learning in a CME programme for OPs.


METHODS
Within the context of a postgraduate meeting for 74 OPs, a randomized controlled trial was conducted. Test assessments of knowledge were made before and immediately after an educational session with either e-learning or lecture-based learning.


RESULTS
In both groups, a significant gain in knowledge on mental health care was found (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two educational approaches.


CONCLUSION
The effect of e-learning on OPs' mental health care knowledge is comparable to a lecture-based approach. Therefore, e-learning can be beneficial for the CME of OPs.
The geometric Weil representation

Abstract.We construct a geometric analogue of the Weil representation over a finite field. Our construction is principally invariant, not choosing any specific realization. This eliminates most of the unpleasant formulas that appear in the traditional (non-invariant) approaches, and puts in the forefront some delicate geometric phenomena which underlie this representation.
The need for effort estimation models for open source software projects

Open source software(OSS), be it products or tools, are being adopted at a fairly rapid pace in commercial organizations. In fact many firms such as IBM and Sun are even 'opening' up their once proprietary software products and making the source code available. This phenomenon may have a profound effect on the various software engineering methodologies and practices as well as project management activities. Given the difficulty in managing resources in closed source projects, planning and delivery for OSS projects will be an even bigger challenge. In this position paper, we describe the need for new effort estimation models for the development of OSS projects and how this will be required for future project management activities. We outline some of the guidelines to build these cost estimation models and some issues that arise in the verification and validation of these cost models.
Anti-CD20 therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: predictors of response and B cell subset regeneration after repeated treatment.

OBJECTIVE
B cell depletion with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has proven efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The effects on B cell homeostasis after repeated treatments and the relationship of certain B cell subsets to clinical response or relapse are currently not known.


METHODS
In this open-label study, 17 patients with RA refractory to standard therapy were treated with 1 cycle of rituximab. Of these 17 patients, 11 received a second cycle of rituximab therapy. Immunophenotyping was performed before therapy and during B cell recovery.


RESULTS
Twelve of 17 patients showed a good European League Against Rheumatism response after receiving 1 cycle of rituximab therapy. At the time of B cell recovery, the IgD+,CD27+ memory B cell subset was significantly larger (P = 0.019) in the nonresponder group. Within the group of 12 responders, 6 patients, whose disease was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of overall CD27+ memory B cells before therapy, experienced an early relapse (weeks 24-40 posttreatment). Eleven patients were re-treated, again resulting in a good clinical response. B cell reconstitution followed a similar pattern after each cycle. The early reconstitution phase was characterized by immature CD38++,IgD+,CD10+ B cells, whereas the number of naive B cells increased continuously thereafter. The number of memory B cells was still reduced at the time of the second depletion but recovered to levels similar to those following the first cycle of therapy.


CONCLUSION
Data derived from repeated B lymphocyte depletion with rituximab in patients with RA suggest that analysis of certain memory B cell subsets provides information on efficacy, response, and late as well as early relapse, consistent with the conclusion that targeting memory B cells is a key to its mechanism of action.
Child abuse training and knowledge: a national survey of emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents and program directors.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, comfort, and training related to the medical management of child abuse among pediatrics, emergency medicine, and family medicine residents.


METHODS
Surveys were administered to program directors and third-year residents at 67 residency programs. The resident survey included a 24-item quiz to assess knowledge regarding the medical management of physical and sexual child abuse. Sites were solicited from members of a network of child abuse physicians practicing at institutions with residency programs.


RESULTS
Analyzable surveys were received from 53 program directors and 462 residents. Compared with emergency medicine and family medicine programs, pediatric programs were significantly larger and more likely to have a medical provider specializing in child abuse pediatrics, have faculty primarily responsible for child abuse training, use a written curriculum for child abuse training, and offer an elective rotation in child abuse. Exposure to child abuse training and abused patients was highest for pediatric residents and lowest for family medicine residents. Comfort with managing child abuse cases was lowest among family medicine residents. On the knowledge quiz, pediatric residents significantly outperformed emergency medicine and family medicine residents. Residents with high knowledge scores were significantly more likely to come from larger programs and programs that had a center, provider, or interdisciplinary team that specialized in child abuse pediatrics; had a physician on faculty responsible for child abuse training; used a written curriculum for child abuse training; and had a required rotation in child abuse pediatrics.


CONCLUSIONS
By analyzing the relationship between program characteristics and residents' child abuse knowledge, we found that pediatric programs provide far more training and resources for child abuse education than emergency medicine and family medicine programs. As leaders, pediatricians must establish the importance of this topic in the pediatric education of residents of all specialties.
Validity of self-reported stroke in elderly African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites.

BACKGROUND
The validity of a self-reported stroke remains inconclusive.


OBJECTIVE
To validate the diagnosis of self-reported stroke using stroke identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the standard.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Community-based cohort study of nondemented, ethnically diverse elderly persons in northern Manhattan.


METHODS
High-resolution quantitative MRIs were acquired for 717 participants without dementia. Sensitivity and specificity of stroke by self-report were examined using cross-sectional analyses and the chi(2) test. Putative relationships between factors potentially influencing the reporting of stroke, including memory performance, cognitive function, and vascular risk factors, were assessed using logistic regression models. Subsequently, all analyses were repeated, stratified by age, sex, ethnic group, and level of education.


RESULTS
In analyses of the whole sample, sensitivity of stroke self-report for a diagnosis of stroke on MRI was 32.4%, and specificity was 78.9%. In analyses stratified by median age (80.1 years), the validity between reported stroke and detection of stroke on MRI was significantly better in the younger than the older age group (for all vascular territories: sensitivity and specificity, 36.7% and 81.3% vs 27.6% and 26.2%; P = .02). Impaired memory, cognitive skills, or language ability and the presence of hypertension or myocardial infarction were associated with higher rates of false-negative results.


CONCLUSIONS
Using brain MRI as the standard, specificity and sensitivity of stroke self-report are low. Accuracy of self-report is influenced by age, presence of vascular disease, and cognitive function. In stroke research, sensitive neuroimaging techniques rather than stroke self-report should be used to determine stroke history.
Defending Against Flow Table Overloading Attack in Software-Defined Networks

The Software-Defined Network (SDN) is a new and promising network architecture. At the same time, SDN will surely become a new target of cyber attackers. In this paper, we point out one critical vulnerability in SDNs, the size of flow table, which is most likely to be attacked. Due to the expensive and power-hungry features of Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM), a flow table usually has a limited size, which can be easily disabled by a flow table overloading attack (a transformed DDoS attack). To provide a security service in SDN, we proposed a QoS-aware mitigation strategy, namely, peer support strategy, which integrates the available idle flow table resource of the whole SDN system to mitigate such an attack on a single switch of the system. We established a practical mathematical model to represent the studied system, and conducted a thorough analysis for the system in various circumstances. Based on our analysis, we found that the proposed strategy can effectively defeat the flow table overloading attacks. Extensive simulations and testbed-based experiments solidly support our claims. Moreover, our work also shed light on the implementation of SDN networks against possible brute-force attacks.
The promise of occupational science: a developmental assessment of an emerging academic discipline.

BACKGROUND
In the late 1980's, occupational science was introduced as a basic discipline that would provide a foundation for occupational therapy. As occupational science grows and develops, some question its relationship to occupational therapy and criticize the direction and extent of its growth and development.


PURPOSE
This study was designed to describe and critically analyze the growth and development of occupational science and characterize how this has shaped its current status and relationship to occupational therapy.


METHOD
Using a mixed methods design, 54 occupational science documents published in the years 1990 and 2000 were critically analyzed to describe changes in the discipline between two points in time. Data describing a range of variables related to authorship, publication source, stated goals for occupational science and type of research were collected.


RESULTS
Descriptive statistics, themes and future directions are presented and discussed.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Through the support of a discipline that is dedicated to the pursuit of a full understanding of occupation, occupational therapy will help to create a new and complex body of knowledge concerning occupation. However, occupational therapy must continue to make decisions about how knowledge produced within occupational science and other disciplines can be best used in practice.
Study of CoCr films deposited by magnetron sputtering under different nitrogen partial pressures

Abstract CoCr alloy thin films are considered to be an applicable perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The existence of nitrogen residual gas during sputtering has significant effects on the structure and properties of CoCr films. With the increasing of N 2 , a phase transformation from hcp to fcc structure happens gradually when the partial pressure of N 2 ( P N 2 ) is in the range of 9.6 × 10 −3 −4.0 × 10 −2 Pa, and a transition from tensile to comprehensive stress takes place. The further increasing of P N 2 stabilizes the fcc phase. Finally, when P N 2 is greater than 0.23 Pa, a nitride appears with a possible form of (Co 1− x Cr x ) 2 N (where 0 x 2 degrades the preferred orientation of crystallines of hcp phase, and has detrimental effects on the perpendicular magnetic properties. According to the experimental results, a mechanism for the effect of N 2 is proposed. The existence of N 2 lowers the surface mobility of deposited atoms, and causes the lattice distortion of grains. The transformation from hcp to fcc phase is the result of the nucleation and expansion of stacking faults. A metastable phase with bct (body-centered tetragonal) structure may exist during the formation of fcc phase because of the existence of lattice distortion. With the increasing of film thickness, the metastable phase transforms gradually to the stable fcc phase.
Deep adaptive feature embedding with local sample distributions for person re-identification

Person re-identification (re-id) aims to match pedestrians observed by disjoint camera views. It attracts increasing attention in computer vision due to its importance to surveillance system. To combat the major challenge of cross-view visual variations, deep embedding approaches are proposed by learning a compact feature space from images such that the Euclidean distances correspond to their cross-view similarity metric. However, the global Euclidean distance cannot faithfully characterize the ideal similarity in a complex visual feature space because features of pedestrian images exhibit unknown distributions due to large variations in poses, illumination and occlusion. Moreover, intra-personal training samples within a local range are robust to guide deep embedding against uncontrolled variations, which however, cannot be captured by a global Euclidean distance. In this paper, we study the problem of person re-id by proposing a novel sampling to mine suitable positives (i.e., intra-class) within a local range to improve the deep embedding in the context of large intra-class variations. Our method is capable of learning a deep similarity metric adaptive to local sample structure by minimizing each sample’s local distances while propagating through the relationship between samples to attain the whole intra-class minimization. To this end, a novel objective function is proposed to jointly optimize ∗Corresponding author. Email addresses: lin.wu@uq.edu.au (Lin Wu ), wangy@cse.unsw.edu.au (Yang Wang), junbin.gao@sydney.edu.au (Junbin Gao), xueli@itee.uq.edu.au (Xue Li) Preprint submitted to Elsevier 8·9·2017 ar X iv :1 70 6. 03 16 0v 2 [ cs .C V ] 7 S ep 2 01 7 similarity metric learning, local positive mining and robust deep embedding. This yields local discriminations by selecting local-ranged positive samples, and the learned features are robust to dramatic intra-class variations. Experiments on benchmarks show state-of-the-art results achieved by our method.
One-year weight maintenance after significant weight loss in healthy overweight and obese subjects: does diet composition matter?

BACKGROUND
For many people, maintenance of weight loss is elusive. Whereas high-protein (HP) diets have been found to be superior to high-carbohydrate (HC) diets for weight loss in the short term, their benefits long term are unclear, particularly for weight maintenance. Furthermore, the literature lacks consensus on the long-term effects of an HP diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to investigate whether macronutrient dietary composition plays a role in weight maintenance and in improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors.


DESIGN
The study comprised 2 phases. Phase 1 featured a very-low-energy diet for 3 mo. In phase 2, the subjects were randomly assigned to an HP or an HC diet for 12 mo. The diets were isocaloric, tightly controlled, and individually prescribed for weight maintenance. The subjects were overweight or obese but otherwise healthy men and women.


RESULTS
The subjects lost an average of 16.5 kg during phase 1 and maintained a mean (+/-SEM) weight loss of 14.5 +/- 1.2 kg (P < 0.001) during phase 2; no significant differences between groups were observed. By the end of the study, reductions in systolic blood pressure were 14.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg for the HP group and 7.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg for the HC group (P < 0.045). Forty-seven percent of the 180 subjects who began the study completed both phases.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the protein or carbohydrate content of the diet has no effect on successful weight-loss maintenance. A general linear model analysis indicated that dietary treatment (HP or HC) was a significant factor in systolic blood pressure change and in favor of the HP diet. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00625236.