LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Programming Embedded Systems in C and C

Released by guojerry@teamfly This book introduces embedded systems to C and C++ programmers. Topics include testing memory devices, writing and erasing Flash memory, verifying nonvolatile memory contents, controlling on-chip peripherals, device driver design and implementation, optimizing embedded code for size and speed, and making the most of C++ without a performance penalty.
The Design, Analysis and Interpretation of Repertory Grids

This paper is intended for those with some knowledge of the repertory grid technique who would like to experiment for themselves with new forms of grid. It is argued that because the technique is quite powerful and the basic principles of its design are easy to grasp there is some danger in it being used inappropriately. Inappropriate applications may be harmful both to those involved directly, and to the general reputation of the technique itself. The paper therefore surveys a range of alternatives in the design of grids, and discusses the factors that are important to consider in these cases. But even if a design has been produced which is inherently "good", any applications based on this will be of doubtful value unless prior thought has been given to the availability of analytic techniques, and to the means of interpretation of the results. Hence the paper outlines a number of approaches to the analysis of grids (both manual and computer based), and it also illustrates the possible process of interpretation in a number of cases.
Opening Doors to Recovery: Recidivism and Recovery Among Persons With Serious Mental Illnesses and Repeated Hospitalizations.

OBJECTIVE
Repeated hospitalizations and arrests or incarcerations diminish the ability of individuals with serious mental illnesses to pursue recovery. Community mental health systems need new models to address recidivism as well as service fragmentation, lack of engagement by local stakeholders, and poor communication between mental health providers and the police. This study examined the initial effects on institutional recidivism and measures of recovery among persons enrolled in Opening Doors to Recovery, an intensive, team-based community support program for persons with mental illness and a history of inpatient psychiatric recidivism. A randomized controlled trial of the model is underway.


METHODS
The number of hospitalizations, days hospitalized, and arrests (all from state administrative sources) in the year before enrollment and during the first 12 months of enrollment in the program were compared. Longitudinal trajectories of recovery-using three self-report and five clinician-rated measures-were examined. Analyses accounted for baseline symptom severity and intensity of involvement in the program.


RESULTS
One hundred participants were enrolled, and 72 were included in the analyses. Hospitalizations decreased, from 1.9±1.6 to .6±.9 (p<.001), as did hospital days, from 27.6±36.4 to 14.9±41.3 (p<.001), although number of arrests (which are rare events) did not. Significant linear trends were observed for recovery measures, and trajectories of improvement were apparent across the entire follow-up period.


CONCLUSIONS
Opening Doors to Recovery holds promise as a new service approach for reducing hospital recidivism and promoting recovery in community mental health systems and is deserving of further controlled testing.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus inhibits dsRNA-induced interferon-β production in porcine intestinal epithelial cells by blockade of the RIG-I-mediated pathway

The lack of optimal porcine cell lines has severely impeded the study and progress in elucidation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) pathogenesis. Vero cell, an African green monkey kidney cell line, was often used to isolate and propagate PEDV. Nonetheless, the target cells of PEDV in vivo are intestinal epithelial cells, during infection, intestinal epithelia would be damaged and resulted in digestive disorders. The immune functions of porcine epithelial cells and interactions with other immune cell populations display a number of differences compared to other species. Type I interferon (IFN) plays an important role in antiviral immune response. Limited reports showed that PEDV could inhibit type I interferon production. In this study, porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the target cells of PEDV, were used as the infection model in vitro to identify the possible molecular mechanisms of PEDV-inhibition IFN-β production. PEDV not only failed to induce IFN-β expression, but also inhibited dsRNA-mediated IFN-β production in IECs. As the key IFN-β transcription factors, we found that dsRNA-induced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) was inhibited after PEDV infection, but not nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). To identify the mechanism of PEDV intervention with dsRNA-mediated IFN-β expression more accurately, the role of individual molecules of RIG-I signaling pathway were investigated. In the upstream of IRF-3, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-or inhibitor of κB kinase-ε (IKKε)-mediated IFN-β production was not blocked by PEDV, while RIG-I-and its adapter molecule IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1)-mediated IFN-β production were completely inhibited after PEDV infection. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that PEDV infection of its target cell line, IECs, inhibited dsRNA-mediated IFN-β production by blocking the activation of IPS-1 in RIG-I-mediated pathway. Our studies offered new visions in understanding of the interaction between PEDV and host innate immune system.
Tracking multiple vehicles using foreground, background and motion models

In this paper a vehicle tracking algorithm is presented based on the combination of a per pixel background model (an extension of work by Stauffer and Grimson [12]) and a set of single hypothesis foreground models based on a general model of object size, position, velocity, and colour distribution. Each pixel in the scene is thus 'explained' as either background, belonging to one of the foreground objects or as noise. Calibrated ground-plane information is used within the foreground model to strengthen the object size and velocity consistency assumptions. A learned a priori model of typical road travel direction and speed is used to provide a prior estimate of object velocity which used to initialise the velocity model of each of the foreground object models. This model is typically an Extended Kalman filter but other models are possible within the algorithm. The system runs at near video frame rate (20fps) on modest hardware and is robust assuming sufficient image resolution is available and vehicle sizes do not greatly exceed the priors on object size used in object initialisation.
Effect of a limited-enforcement intelligent tutoring system in dermatopathology on student errors, goals and solution paths

OBJECTIVES
Determine effects of a limited-enforcement intelligent tutoring system in dermatopathology on student errors, goals and solution paths. Determine if limited enforcement in a medical tutoring system inhibits students from learning the optimal and most efficient solution path. Describe the type of deviations from the optimal solution path that occur during tutoring, and how these deviations change over time. Determine if the size of the problem-space (domain scope), has an effect on learning gains when using a tutor with limited enforcement.


METHODS
Analyzed data mined from 44 pathology residents using SlideTutor-a Medical Intelligent Tutoring System in Dermatopathology that teaches histopathologic diagnosis and reporting skills based on commonly used diagnostic algorithms. Two subdomains were included in the study representing sub-algorithms of different sizes and complexities. Effects of the tutoring system on student errors, goal states and solution paths were determined.


RESULTS
Students gradually increase the frequency of steps that match the tutoring system's expectation of expert performance. Frequency of errors gradually declines in all categories of error significance. Student performance frequently differs from the tutor-defined optimal path. However, as students continue to be tutored, they approach the optimal solution path. Performance in both subdomains was similar for both errors and goal differences. However, the rate at which students progress toward the optimal solution path differs between the two domains. Tutoring in superficial perivascular dermatitis, the larger and more complex domain was associated with a slower rate of approximation towards the optimal solution path.


CONCLUSIONS
Students benefit from a limited-enforcement tutoring system that leverages diagnostic algorithms but does not prevent alternative strategies. Even with limited enforcement, students converge toward the optimal solution path.
Vib-bracelet: a passive absorber for attenuating forearm tremor

Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory movement of a limb produced by alternating contractions of reciprocally innervated muscles. More than 4% of the population over 40 years old suffer from tremor. There is no cure for most tremors, and while psychological therapy is sometimes helpful, tremors are usually treated with either medication or invasive surgery including thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation. Both medications and surgery may have adverse effects, and thus, there is a growing interest in developing non-invasive vibration attenuation devices. This paper presents a passive absorber device for attenuating pronation/supination tremor, dubbed Vib-bracelet. It is based on the principles of dynamic vibration absorption and is tuned to the frequency of the tremor. Prototypes were manufactured and tested on a mechanical model of the human forearm. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the device in attenuating vibrations in the range of 4–6 Hz, which is the range of frequency of observed tremor, with maximum amplitude attenuation of 85%.
The National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework.

OBJECTIVE
Development of a new framework for the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to assess progress and opportunities toward stimulating and supporting rigorous research to address health disparities.


DESIGN
Portfolio review of NIA's health disparities research portfolio to evaluate NIA's progress in addressing priority health disparities areas.


RESULTS
The NIA Health Disparities Research Framework highlights important factors for health disparities research related to aging, provides an organizing structure for tracking progress, stimulates opportunities to better delineate causal pathways and broadens the scope for malleable targets for intervention, aiding in our efforts to address health disparities in the aging population.


CONCLUSIONS
The promise of health disparities research depends largely on scientific rigor that builds on past findings and aggressively pursues new approaches. The NIA Health Disparities Framework provides a landscape for stimulating interdisciplinary approaches, evaluating research productivity and identifying opportunities for innovative health disparities research related to aging.
A scalable framework for discovering coherent co-clusters in noisy data

Clustering problems often involve datasets where only a part of the data is relevant to the problem, e.g., in microarray data analysis only a subset of the genes show cohesive expressions within a subset of the conditions/features. The existence of a large number of non-informative data points and features makes it challenging to hunt for coherent and meaningful clusters from such datasets. Additionally, since clusters could exist in different subspaces of the feature space, a co-clustering algorithm that simultaneously clusters objects and features is often more suitable as compared to one that is restricted to traditional "one-sided" clustering. We propose Robust Overlapping Co-Clustering (ROCC), a scalable and very versatile framework that addresses the problem of efficiently mining dense, arbitrarily positioned, possibly overlapping co-clusters from large, noisy datasets. ROCC has several desirable properties that make it extremely well suited to a number of real life applications.
Management of young femoral neck fractures: is there a consensus?

BACKGROUND
Femoral neck fractures in young adults (ages <60) are high-energy injuries that are associated with major fracture healing complications such as avascular necrosis, nonunion, and significant shortening. Historically, evidence from small trials has suggested multiple cannulated screws were the optimal implant; however, newer studies and implant designs warrant reevaluation of screws as the gold standard among surgeons. In addition, controversies surrounding reduction technique and urgency of surgical fixation have been previously identified. We aimed to survey surgeon treatment preferences for these challenging fractures.


METHODS
A 17-item survey was developed and tested for validity and reliability prior to administration. The questionnaire characterised surgeon demographics, treatment preferences for displaced and undisplaced fractures, and controversies for future clinical trials. The target population consisted of surgeons from the Canadian Orthopaedic Association, the Orthopaedic Trauma Association, and attendees at an international fracture course.


RESULTS
540 surgeons completed the survey, exceeding our sample size requirement. There was a similar proportion of respondents from academic and community hospitals. Most surgeons (61%) treat 1-5 young adult femoral neck fractures per year. For undisplaced fractures, 78% of respondents prefer to use multiple cannulated screws. For displaced fractures, equal preference for multiple screws (46%) and the sliding hip screw (SHS, 49%) was reported. The majority of surgeons perform an open reduction in less than 25% of cases, and the time to fixation was typically between 8 and 24h.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple cannulated screws remain the preferred treatment for most surgeons treating undisplaced fractures; however, there is an equal divide in preference between multiple screws and the SHS for displaced fractures. This increased preference for the SHS contradicts previous survey and small trial data recommending multiple screws for all fracture patterns. The lack of surgeon consensus and the high rates of fracture complications associated with fixation of young femoral neck fractures supports the need for definitive clinical trials to optimise patient important outcomes.
A polynomial chaos approach to measurement uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty is traditionally represented in the form of expanded uncertainty as defined through the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The International Organization for Standardization GUM represents uncertainty through confidence intervals based on the variances and means derived from probability density functions. A new approach to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty based on the polynomial chaos theory is presented and compared with the traditional GUM method
On Frequency Control Techniques for Microgrids

In this paper, a review of different frequency control methods for microgrid is presented. Also, the variables considered for choosing an optimal size of energy storage associated with renewable resources are discussed. Conditions of droop control technique used for inverters operating in parallel are analyzed. Simulation investigations using MATLAB/Simulink are conducted to demonstrate the power sharing between inverters and other distributed generators in the microgrids.
Trust mechanisms for cloud computing

Trust is a critical factor in cloud computing; in present practice it depends largely on perception of reputation, and self assessment by providers of cloud services. We begin this paper with a survey of existing mechanisms for establishing trust, and comment on their limitations. We then address those limitations by proposing more rigorous mechanisms based on evidence, attribute certification, and validation, and conclude by suggesting a framework for integrating various trust mechanisms together to reveal chains of trust in the cloud.
Encryption-Based Policy Enforcement for Cloud Storage

Nowadays, users are more and more exploiting external storage and connectivity for sharing and disseminating user-generated content. To this aim, they can benefit of the services offered by Internet companies, which however assume that the service provider is entitled to access the resources. To overcome this limitation, we present an approach that does not require complete trust in the external service w.r.t. both resource content and authorization management, while at the same time allowing users to delegate to the provider the enforcement of the access control policy on their resources. Our solution relies on the translation of the access control policy into an equivalent encryption policy on resources and on a hierarchical key structure that limits both the number of keys to be maintained and the amount of encryption to be enforced.
Towards Security Risk-oriented Mal Activity Diagram

Recently security has became one of the major concern in Information System (IS) development. Different security modeling language or security extension is used to model security features of IS. Mal Activity Diagram (MAD) is used at the design stage to represent security aspect. But it cannot model all the security risk management concepts. Without full coverage of concepts, it is not possible to model an IS efficiently and correctly. In this paper, first we propose a meta model for MAD which will help developers or other stakeholders to understand and use MAD correctly. Then we propose syntactic and semantic extensions of MAD to model all the risk management concepts. We have used this meta model and extension in a case study. This study shows that the meta model and extensions help us to correctly identify and model different security components of the system.
Reliability and Validity of the Audit on Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) and EQ-5D in Elderly Slovenian Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

Purpose: This study reports the reliability and validity analyses of the Audit on diabetes-dependent quality of life (ADDQoL) and EQ-5D in elderly Slovenian diabetic patients. Methods: A crosssectional study of elderly (age ≥ 65 years) non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) patients was carried out. The ADDQoL and EQ-5D surveys were conducted between January and May, 2012. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 20.0. Results: After exclusion of non-eligible respondents, the final sample for the analysis was 261 cases (51% male), resulting in 52.2%of response rate. The mean age of the patients was 70.3 years (SD ± 4.1). The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 for ADDQoL and 0.73 for EQ-5D.There was no improvement in the alpha value if any item was deleted in all instruments. Missing value items ranged from 0.8% to 1.5% for EQ-5D, and from 0.8% to 59.1% (working life) in ADDQoL. Spearman’s correlation between the EQ-5D VAS score and ADDQoL weighted overall score resulted in weak correlations coefficient (r = 0.294; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ADDQoL proved reliable and valid for assessing Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among elderly Slovenian DMT2 patients. EQ-5D seemed to be too generic to describe limitations of DMT2 patients in detail. Using disease specific QoL instruments to learn about patient limitations was recommended. Comparison of ADDQoL results between various studies provided significant differences in the impact of diabetes. Corresponding author.
The Unscented Kalman Filter for Nonlinear Estimation

The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has become a standard technique used in a number of nonlinear estimation and machine learning applications. These include estimating the state of a nonlinear dynamic system, estimating parameters for nonlinear system identification (e.g., learning the weights of a neural network), and dual estimation (e.g., the ExpectationMaximization (EM) algorithm)where both states and parameters are estimated simultaneously. This paper points out the flaws in using the EKF, and introduces an improvement, the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), proposed by Julier and Uhlman [5]. A central and vital operation performed in the Kalman Filter is the propagation of a Gaussian random variable (GRV) through the system dynamics. In the EKF, the state distribution is approximated by a GRV, which is then propagated analytically through the first-order linearization of the nonlinear system. This can introduce large errors in the true posterior mean and covariance of the transformed GRV, which may lead to sub-optimal performance and sometimes divergence of the filter. The UKF addresses this problem by using a deterministic sampling approach. The state distribution is again approximated by a GRV, but is now represented using a minimal set of carefully chosen sample points. These sample points completely capture the true mean and covariance of the GRV, and when propagated through the true nonlinear system, captures the posterior mean and covariance accurately to the 3rd order (Taylor series expansion) for any nonlinearity. The EKF, in contrast, only achieves first-order accuracy. Remarkably, the computational complexity of the UKF is the same order as that of the EKF. Julier and Uhlman demonstrated the substantial performance gains of the UKF in the context of state-estimation for nonlinear control. Machine learning problems were not considered. We extend the use of the UKF to a broader class of nonlinear estimation problems, including nonlinear system identification, training of neural networks, and dual estimation problems. Our preliminary results were presented in [13]. In this paper, the algorithms are further developed and illustrated with a number of additional examples. This work was sponsored by the NSF under grant grant IRI-9712346