LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative oral amiodarone versus oral bisoprolol as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective randomized trial.

BACKGROUND
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in up to 50% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery and is associated with complications. Amiodarone and beta blockers are effective as prophylaxis for AF after CABG. The purpose of this study was to compare oral amiodarone versus oral bisoprolol for prevention of AF after CABG.


METHODS
In this randomized study, 200 patients admitted for elective CABG were given oral amiodarone (n=98 patients) or oral bisoprolol (n=102 patients) beginning 6 h after surgery. Amiodarone patients received 15 mg/Kg then 7 mg/Kg/day for one month. Bisoprolol patients received 2.5 mg then 2.5 mg bid indefinitely.


RESULTS
Postoperative AF occurred in 15.3% of the patients in the amiodarone group and 12.7% of the patients in the bisoprolol group (p=0.60). Maximal ventricular rate tended to be lower in the bisoprolol group (125+/-6 beats/min) compared with the amiodarone group (144+/-7 beats/min, p=.06). Preoperative beta blockage did not affect AF incidence in either study group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for the onset time of AF episodes, total AF duration, AF recurrence and postoperative length of hospital stay. No serious postoperative complications occurred in the two study groups. Two reversible low cardiac output cases occurred with bisoprolol.


CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative oral bisoprolol and amiodarone are equally effective for prophylaxis of AF after CABG. Treatment with bisoprolol resulted in a trend to lower ventricular response rate in AF cases. Both regimens were well tolerated.
Evaluation of Effectiveness and Cost‐Effectiveness of a Clinical Decision Support System in Managing Hypertension in Resource Constrained Primary Health Care Settings: Results From a Cluster Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND
Randomized control trials from the developed world report that clinical decision support systems (DSS) could provide an effective means to improve the management of hypertension (HTN). However, evidence from developing countries in this regard is rather limited, and there is a need to assess the impact of a clinical DSS on managing HTN in primary health care center (PHC) settings.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We performed a cluster randomized trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a clinical DSS among Indian adult hypertensive patients (between 35 and 64 years of age), wherein 16 PHC clusters from a district of Telangana state, India, were randomized to receive either a DSS or a chart-based support (CBS) system. Each intervention arm had 8 PHC clusters, with a mean of 102 hypertensive patients per cluster (n=845 in DSS and 783 in CBS groups). Mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to 12 months was the primary endpoint. The mean difference in SBP change from baseline between the DSS and CBS at the 12th month of follow-up, adjusted for age, sex, height, waist, body mass index, alcohol consumption, vegetable intake, pickle intake, and baseline differences in blood pressure, was -6.59 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: -12.18 to -1.42; P=0.021). The cost-effective ratio for CBS and DSS groups was $96.01 and $36.57 per mm of SBP reduction, respectively.


CONCLUSION
Clinical DSS are effective and cost-effective in the management of HTN in resource-constrained PHC settings.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL
http://www.ctri.nic.in. Unique identifier: CTRI/2012/03/002476.
What leads developers towards the choice of a JavaScript framework?

Context. : The increasing popularity of JavaScript has lead to a variety of frameworks that aim to help developers to address programming tasks. However, the number of JavaScript Frameworks has risen rapidly to thousands and more. It is difficult for practitioners to identify the frameworks that best fit to their needs and to develop new frameworks that fit such needs. Existing research has focused in proposing software metrics for the frameworks, which do not carry a high value to practitioners. While benchmarks, technical reports, and experts’ opinions are available, they suffer the same issue that they do not carry much value. In particular, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the processes and reasons that drive developers towards the choice. ∗Corresponding author Email addresses: amantia.pano2@unibz.it (Amantia Pano), daniel.graziotin@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de (Daniel Graziotin), pekkaa@ntnu.edu (Pekka Abrahamsson) 1 ar X iv :1 60 5. 04 30 3v 1 [ cs .S E ] 1 3 M ay 2 01 6 Objective. : This paper explores the human aspects of software development behind the decision-making process that leads to a choice of a JavaScript Framework. Method. : We conducted a qualitative interpretive study, following the grounded theory data analysis methodology. We interviewed 18 participants who are decision makers in their companies or entrepreneurs, or are able to motivate the JavaScript Framework decision-making process. Results. : We offer a model of factors that are desirable to be found in a JavaScript Framework and a representation of the decision makers involved in the frameworks selection. The factors are usability (attractiveness, learnability, understandability), cost, efficiency (performance, size), and functionality (automatisation, extensibility, flexibility, isolation, modularity, suitability, updated). These factors are evaluated by a combination of four possible decision makers, which are customer, developer, team, and team leader. Conclusion. : Our model contributes to the body of knowledge related to the decision-making process when selecting a JavaScript framework. As a practical implication, we believe that our model is useful for (1) Web developers and (2) JavaScript framework developers.
Tectonic underplating of trench sediments beneath magmatic arcs: the central California example

We summarize the post Late Cretaceous regional tectonic evolution of the central California Coast Ranges, west of the San Andreas fault system. The Monterey terrane of North American origin was laterally transferred to the Pacific plate via the San Andreas fault. The Monterey terrane is an assembly of three tectonic units, Salinia, Nacimiento and Sierra de Salinas blocks, two of which have been previously identified as separate terranes. These blocks are separated by two regionally important thrust faults: the Sur fault as well as the Salinas shear zone. Based on thermobarometric and thermochronologic constraints and the existence of a common younger cover sequence, these blocks were juxtaposed together after the latest Cretaceous. The Salinian assemblage represents a crustal section through the continental interior side of the Mesozoic California arc and formed during the Late Cretaceous, primarily during a regionally significant magmatic flare-up between 95 and 80 Ma. In the Santa Lucia Range, parts of the arc are exposed to palaeo-depths in excess of 30 km. The Nacimiento and Sierra de Salinas assemblages comprise basement rocks representing Late Cretaceous variants of the Franciscan Complex and are interpreted to be correlative. They represent the lower plate of a regionally important thrust system; the upper plate is the Salinian assemblage, whereas the Sur and Salinas faults are local exposures of the structure. We concur with previous estimates of 150 to 180 km of shortening during a brief time span (,6 my), at a rate of .3 cm/yr. This fault system corresponds to the megathrust of the Farallon subduction beneath North America during the early stages of the regionally extensive episode of shallow subduction (Laramide orogeny). As a result, trench sediment was thrust under North America and tectonically underplated to the lower crust of North America. The Salinas shear zone, in particular, is a ductile expression of shallow subduction; thermobarometry in the upper plate, lower plate and the shear zone itself indicate that this is the fossil subduction megathrust originating at depths of ,35 km. The entire system collapsed extensionally soon after the trench sediment was underthrust, possibly because of the lack of strength of the lower plate. Arc magmatism in the upper plate ceased at the onset of underplating. This regional example illustrates the significance of tectonic underplating in shallow subduction systems. Accretion-related trench sediment was shuffled from the trench to the sub-arc region of the upper plate, but not recycled into the mantle. This process requires that the subduction megathrust be located solely within the North American crust. This geometry requires a sudden migration of the
Long term predictive values of cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: joint European cohort study

OBJECTIVE
To obtain large scale and generalisable data on the long term predictive value of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+).


DESIGN
Multinational cohort study with joint database analysis.


SETTING
Seven primary HPV screening studies in six European countries.


PARTICIPANTS
24,295 women attending cervical screening enrolled into HPV screening trials who had at least one cervical cytology or histopathology examination during follow-up.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Long term cumulative incidence of CIN3+.


RESULTS
The cumulative incidence rate of CIN3+ after six years was considerably lower among women negative for HPV at baseline (0.27%, 95% confidence interval 0.12% to 0.45%) than among women with negative results on cytology (0.97%, 0.53% to 1.34%)). By comparison, the cumulative incidence rate for women with negative cytology results at the most commonly recommended screening interval in Europe (three years) was 0.51% (0.23% to 0.77%). The cumulative incidence rate among women with negative cytology results who were positive for HPV increased continuously over time, reaching 10% at six years, whereas the rate among women with positive cytology results who were negative for HPV remained below 3%.


CONCLUSIONS
A consistently low six year cumulative incidence rate of CIN3+ among women negative for HPV suggests that cervical screening strategies in which women are screened for HPV every six years are safe and effective.
Representation of weakly structured imprecise data for fuzzy querying

In the present paper, we introduce an extension of the conceptual graph model suitable to the representation 7 of data which are modelized using fuzzy sets. We extend the specialization relation of the conceptual graph model to fuzzy conceptual graphs. Lastly we introduce a new way of comparing conceptual graphs, using the 9 idea that a graph may be compatible with another graph with a given degree d, which allows to make more 1exible comparisons of fuzzy conceptual graphs. This work takes place within a project that aims at building 11 a tool for the analysis of microbial risks in food products. c © 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. 13
The Spanish influenza pandemic in occidental Europe (1918–1920) and victim age

BACKGROUND
Studies of the Spanish Influenza pandemic (1918-1920) provide interesting information that may improve our preparation for present and future influenza pandemic threats.


METHODS
We studied archives from France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, obtaining high-quality data that allowed us to calculate mortality rates associated with the Spanish flu and to characterize the proportional distribution of influenza deaths by age in the capital cities of these countries.


RESULTS
French and American troops who fought in the First World War began to be affected from April 1918 onwards by a benign influenza epidemic, which hardly caused any deaths. The first occidental European country in which the pandemic spread to large sectors of the population, causing serious mortality, was Spain. The associated influenza provoked in Madrid a mortality rate of 1.31 per 1000 inhabitants between May and June (1918). In the following months of June and July, the epidemic spread to Portugal, but did not reach the Pyrenees. In September 1918, the influenza pandemic spread with tremendous virulence, presenting itself simultaneously during the month of October in South Western European countries. In Madrid, the 1918 excess mortality due in large part to the influenza pandemic is estimated at 5.27 per 1000. In Paris, the 1918 mortality rate provoked by the influenza and pathologies of the respiratory system was 6.08 per 1000. In South Western European countries, mortality rates oscillated between 10.6 and 12.1 per 1000 inhabitants. A study of the age distribution of deaths due to influenza between 1916 and 1921 reveals that the Spanish influenza principally affected men and women between 15 and 44 years of age. Deaths associated with the seasonal influenza of 1916, 1917 and 1921 represented 19.7%, 12.5% and 21.0% of all deaths respectively, whereas during the rawest moments of the Spanish influenza, in 1918, the proportion of deaths due to flu for those aged between 15 and 44 years of age reached 68.2% in Paris and 66.3% in Madrid.


CONCLUSION
Victim age is an important criterion that can be used to evaluate the phase and evolution of pandemic influenza. The Spanish Influenza affected particularly the 25- to 34-year-old and 15- to 24-year-old age groups.
Patterns of folder use and project popularity: a case study of github repositories

Context: Every software development project uses folders to organize software artifacts. Goal: We would like to understand how folders are used and what ramifications different uses may have. Method: In this paper we study the frequency of folders used by 140k Github projects and use regression analysis to model how folder use is related to project popularity, i.e., the extent of forking. Results: We find that the standard folders, such as document, testing, and examples, are not only among the most frequently used, but their presence in a project is associated with increased chances that a project's code will be forked (i.e., used by others) and an increased number of forks. Conclusions: This preliminary study of folder use suggests opportunities to quantify (and improve) file organization practices based on folder use patterns of large collections of repositories.
The correlation between brain gray matter volume and empathizing and systemizing quotients in healthy children

The abilities to empathize and to systemize, two fundamental dimensions of cognitive style, are characterized by apparent individual differences. These abilities are typically measured using an empathizing quotient (EQ) and a systemizing quotient (SQ) questionnaire, respectively. The purpose of this study was to reveal any correlations between EQ and SQ scores and regional gray matter volumes in healthy children by applying voxel-based morphometry to magnetic resonance images. We collected MRIs of brain structure and administered children's versions of the EQ and SQ questionnaires (EQ-C and SQ-C, respectively) to 261 healthy children aged 5-15 years. Structural MRI data were segmented, normalized, and smoothed using an optimized voxel-based morphometric analysis. Next, we analyzed the correlation between regional gray matter volume and EQ-C and SQ-C scores adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. The EQ-C scores showed significant positive correlations with the regional gray matter volumes of the left fronto-opercular and superior temporal cortices, including the precentral gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, and the insula, which are functionally related to empathic processing. Additionally, SQ-C scores showed a significant negative correlation with the regional gray matter volume of the left posterior parietal cortex, which is functionally involved in selective attention processing. Our findings suggest that individual differences in cognitive style pertaining to empathizing or systemizing abilities could be explained by differences in the volume of brain structures that are functionally relevant to empathizing and systemizing.
Information systems in the public sector: The e-Government enactment framework

Despite the burgeoning number of studies of public sector information systems, very few scholars have focussed on the relationship between e-Government policies and information systems choice and design. Drawing on Fountain’s (2001) technology enactment framework, this paper endeavours to conduct an in-depth investigation of the intricacies characterising the choice and design of new technologies in the context of e-Government reforms. By claiming that technologies are carriers of e-Government reform aims, this study investigates the logics embedded in the design of new technology and extant political interests and values inscribed in e-Government policies. The e-Government enactment framework is proposed as a theoretical and analytical approach to understand and study the complexity of these relationships which shape e-Government policies. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Successful implementation of e-Learning Pedagogical considerations

Many institutions of Higher Education and Corporate Training Institutes are resorting to e-Learning as a means of solving authentic learning and performance problems, while other institutions are hopping onto the bandwagon simply because they do not want to be left behind. Success is crucial because an unsuccessful effort to implement e-Learning will be clearly reflected in terms of the return of investment. One of the most crucial prerequisites for successful implementation of e-Learning is the need for careful consideration of the underlying pedagogy, or how learning takes place online. In practice, however, this is often the most neglected aspect in any effort to implement e-Learning. The purpose of this paper is to identify the pedagogical principles underlying the teaching and learning activities that constitute effective e-Learning. An analysis and synthesis of the principles and ideas by the practicing e-Learning company employing the author will also be presented, in the perspective of deploying an effective Learning Management Systems (LMS). D 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
A new technique of concealed penis repair.

PURPOSE
Phimosis associated with concealed penis is not amenable to ordinary circumcision. To our knowledge we describe a new technique to repair concealed penis.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
From September 2003 to January 2008, 57 consecutive patients with concealed penis were treated using our technique. Median age at surgery was 33 months (range 7 months to 34 years). The technique consists of 3 steps. Step 1 is a ventral incision to slit the narrow ring of the prepuce and expose the glans. Step 2 is a circumferential skin incision made between 2 edges of the ventral diamond-shaped skin defect, followed by midline incision of the dorsal inner prepuce to make 2 skin flaps connected to the glans. Step 3 is skin coverage. Two skin flaps are brought down and sutured together on the ventral side of the penis. The suture line between the penile shaft skin and the flap eventually becomes elliptical. Medical records were reviewed for voiding function, scar formation, and replies from older patients and the parents of younger children about impressions of the surgical results.


RESULTS
Median followup was 26 months. No patient had voiding problems. Lymphedema persisted due to suture line constriction in 2 patients who underwent incision of the constriction. All older patients and the parents of younger children were satisfied with the surgical results.


CONCLUSIONS
Our new method is easy to design and perform to correct concealed penis. It provides a good cosmetic appearance and seems to be applicable in all cases with deficient penile shaft skin.
SecA membrane cycling at SecYEG is driven by distinct ATP binding and hydrolysis events and is regulated by SecD and SecF

The SecA subunit of E. coli preprotein translocase promotes protein secretion during cycles of membrane insertion and deinsertion at SecYEG. This process is regulated both by nucleotide binding and hydrolysis and by the SecD and SecF proteins. In the presence of associated preprotein, the energy of ATP binding at nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) drives membrane insertion of a 30 kDa domain of SecA, while deinsertion of SecA requires the hydrolysis of this ATP. SecD and SecF stabilize the inserted state of SecA. ATP binding at NBD2, though needed for preprotein translocation, is not needed for SecA insertion or deinsertion.
Investigation of atmospheric boundary layer temperature, turbulence, and wind parameters on the basis of passive microwave remote sensing: ABL TEMPERATURE, TURBULENCE AND WIND

[1] The MTP-5, a microwave temperature profiler, has been widely used since 1991 for investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The MTP-5 is an angular scanning single-channel instrument with a central frequency of about 60 GHz, designed to provide continuous, unattended observations. It canmeasure the thermal emission of the atmosphere with high sensitivity (0.03K at 1 s integration time) from different zenith angles. On the basis of this measurement, it is possible to retrieve temperature profiles at the altitude range up to 600m, to calculate wind speed andwind direction at the lowest 250m, and to get information about some parameters of atmospheric turbulence. This report presents some applications of the MTP-5 instrument data collected in 1998–2001 within a number of international field projects: the dynamics ofABL temperature inversion in amountain valley (MesoscaleAlpine Program (MAP)), aswell as along an island coast (north part of Sakhalin Island,Russia-Japan Project); continuous measurements of the ABL temperature profile provided from a special scientific train that crossed the territory of Russia (the Transcontinental Observations of the Chemistry of the Atmosphere Project (TROICA)); and simultaneous measurements of the ABL temperature profile provided over the central and northern part of Moscow in a continuous mode (the Global Urban Research Meteorology and Environment Project (GURME)). In 1999, twoMTP-5 instrumentswere installed on a platform thatwas rotating in the azimuthdirection at the310mObninskMeteorologicalResearchTower (MeteoTower) to validate the method and microwave equipment for measurement of wind speed and wind direction and investigation of atmospheric turbulence. Spectral analyses of the integrated signal provided an opportunity to estimate the inertial subrange low-frequency limit and its height dependence for thermal turbulence at the lowest 200 m layer. Wavelet analysis of the signal made it possible to determine the convective thermic and other coherent structures; also to estimate energy and to provide visualization of the transformation processes of those structures during changing ABL stability. For a wide spectrum of ABL models the integrated character of radiometric data is more representative than in situ data. The measurement cycle for main wind is about 45 min, with an accuracy of about 1–2 m/s for wind speed and 10–20 for wind direction. Measurements at different levels of the Meteo Tower of vertical wind speed were in good agreement with in situ data. The possibility of manufacturing the microwave instrument for simultaneous measurements of the temperature profile and wind parameters in the ABL will be also discussed in this report.