LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The role of digital subtraction myelography in the diagnosis and localization of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to review the clinical utility of digital subtraction myelography for the diagnosis of spinal CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and those with superficial siderosis.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Procedure logs from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed to identify cases in which digital subtraction myelography was performed to diagnose spinal CSF leaks. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding diagnosis and outcome. For patients to be included in the study, preprocedural spinal MRI had to show an extradural fluid collection spanning more than one vertebral level and postmyelographic CT had to confirm the presence of an active CSF leak. If digital subtraction myelography successfully showed the site of the CSF leak, the location was documented.


RESULTS
Eleven patients (seven men and four women; mean age, 49.0 years) underwent digital subtraction myelography during the study period. Six patients had SIH and five patients had superficial siderosis. The extradural fluid collection on spinal MRI averaged a length of 15.5 vertebral levels. Digital subtraction myelography successfully showed the site of the CSF leak in nine of the 11 patients, and all of the dural tears were located in the thoracic spine between T3 and T11.


CONCLUSION
Digital subtraction myelography is a valuable diagnostic tool for the localization of rapid spinal CSF leaks and should be considered in patients who are clinically suspected to have a dural tear that is accompanied by a longitudinally extensive extradural fluid collection on spinal MRI.
Frictionless Authentication Systems: Emerging Trends, Research Challenges and Opportunities

Authentication and authorization are critical security layers to protect a wide range of online systems, services and content. However, the increased prevalence of wearable and mobile devices, the expectations of a frictionless experience and the diverse user environments will challenge the way users are authenticated. Consumers demand secure and privacy-aware access from any device, whenever and wherever they are, without any obstacles. This paper reviews emerging trends and challenges with frictionless authentication systems and identifies opportunities for further research related to the enrollment of users, the usability of authentication schemes, as well as security and privacy tradeoffs of mobile and wearable continuous authentication systems. Keywords–Frictionless authentication; Behaviometrics; Security; Privacy; Usability.
Competition in lichen communities

Lichens are symbiotic organisms that often dominate stressful environments such as the surfaces of rock and tree bark. Whether or not competition occurs between lichens in these environments, however, is controversial. This review considers various aspects of the competitive interactions between lichens including the observational studies that suggest competitive effects may be important, the methods that have been used to study lichen competition in the field, the result of marginal contacts between lichen thalli, the attributes that may give a species a competitive advantage, and the role of competition in structuring lichen communities. These studies suggest that competition for space and light does occur in lichen communities and that individual lichen species can be excluded from a substratum as a result of competition. Moreover, competitive interactions in multi-species communities can also lead to stable assemblages of species. Future research should consider those aspects of the lichen symbiosis that may confer a competitive advantage and the factors that may promote stability in multi-species communities. Studies of competition in lichen communities may have implications for other stressful environments in which symbiotic organisms play a significant role.
All physical transforms from RW require the universe to have the same variable physical photon velocity

I have investigated what coordinate systems, other than the RobertsonWalker (RW) system, there might be to describe a homogeneous and isotropic universe that are physical close to the origin, i.e., covariant transforms from RW that there have a Minkowski metric. I show that all possible such systems must have the same variable photon velocity close to their origin, which is consistent with the RW system also having the same variable photon velocity. Implausible though it may seem, if the criteria for physicality are valid, it seems inescapable that this must represent the physical photon velocity c(t). The assumption of homogeneity makes it applicable to physical processes throughout the universe. I find that the analytic expression for it is c(t) = ah, the cosmic scale factor times the Hubble ratio in appropriate units. The existence of variability derives from the physicality criteria being applied to the transformed coordinates expanded from the origin out to the lowest order of the RW radial coordinate, and not to gravitational energy density, which determines only its magnitude. I show that there are covariant transforms which are physical over a large fraction of the universe’s space-time. The replacement of the RW time by a generalized time, for which the differential is c(t)dt, keeps invariant the Lorentz transform, the Minkowski metric and the Einstein field equation. These can then be used to preserve and extend all our physical laws. Other physical “constants” that depend on the photon velocity may also change. keywords: cosmology theory—distances and redshifts—elementary particlesvariable light velocity ∗Mailing address: 1000 Oak Hills Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. robcfletcher@comcast.net
Burnout and work engagement of South African blue-collar workers: The development of a new scale

7Research in South Africa on work-related well-being (specifically burnout and work engagement) has focused mainly on white-collar workers. Although blue-collar workers form a major part of the South African work force, no valid and reliable instruments exist to measure burnout and work engagement of blue-collar workers. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a work-related well-being scale that measures burnout and work engagement of blue-collar workers; (2) to test the newly developed items using Rasch analysis; and (3) to test the factorial validity and reliability of the new scale. A cross-sectional survey design was used in a convenience sample of blue-collar workers in different industries in South Africa (N=2769). Following scale development procedures, a scale was developed to measure burnout (exhaustion and cynicism) and work engagement (vigour and dedication). Using Rasch analyses, two items were eliminated, resulting in an 18-item instrument. Five items were retained to measure exhaustion, five items to measure cynicism, four items to measure vigour and four items to measure dedication. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that a twofactor model with two higher-order factors – burnout (consisting of exhaustion and cynicism) and work engagement (consisting of vigour and dedication) – fit the data best. All the scales were reliable. Dr L. Brand-Labuschagne is at the School of Human Resource Sciences, WorkWell Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus and Afriforte, the commercial arm of the WorkWell Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom. Prof. K. Mostert is at the WorkWell Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences, NorthWest University; and Mr S. Rothmann Jnr & Dr J.C. Rothmann are at Afriforte, the commercial arm of the WorkWell Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University. E-mail: Karina.
A Class of Extremely Wideband Resonant Cavity Antennas With Large Directivity-Bandwidth Products

Extremely wideband resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) with large directivity-bandwidth products (DBPs) are presented. Their distinct feature is a single-slab superstrate that has a permittivity gradient in the directions transverse to the antenna axis. The application of such a superstrate in a single-feed RCA improves the DBP by a factor of three or more as compared with superstrates composed of uniform dielectric slabs. Their very small area enables an antenna designer to achieve unprecedented figures of DBP per unit area, from a simple planar antenna. Prototype RCAs have been fabricated and measurements have validated the concept. A measured 3-dB directivity bandwidth of 52.9% was demonstrated with a measured directivity of 16.4 dBi for an RCA that has a very small total footprint area of 1.54$\lambda_0^2$ at the lowest operating frequency (2.84$\lambda_{0,c}^2$ at the center frequency). This represents an increase of 90% over the previous best measured RCA directivity bandwidth of 28%.
Validity and reliability of adult recall of past sun exposure in a case-control study of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND
Measurement of past sun exposure through recall by adults has the potential for measurement error. We aimed to investigate aspects of validity and reliability of self-reported past sun exposure.


METHODS
A population-based case-control study was conducted in Tasmania on 136 cases with multiple sclerosis and 272 age- and sex-matched community controls. Repeat interviews on 52 cases and 52 controls were done on average 11 weeks after the initial interview. Sun exposure was assessed by questionnaire and lifetime calendar. Other measurements included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, actinic damage, and skin phenotype.


RESULTS
There was an association between recent sun exposure and serum vitamin D (time in the sun: r = 0.22, P < 0.01; activities outside: r = 0.31, P < 0.01 for controls) and between lifetime sun exposure and actinic damage [correlation between 0.34 (P < 0.01) and 0.17 (P = 0.01) for controls]. The test-retest weighted kappa statistic of self-reported sun exposure ranged from 0.43 to 0.74. Recall of childhood/adolescent sun exposure by standardized questioning was no less reproducible than recall of recent adult sun exposure and no less reliable when made with the calendar method. Comparing the questionnaire and calendar method, the measures of childhood/adolescent sun exposure had a similar predictive validity for multiple sclerosis.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study provide further evidence that adults are able to recall past sun exposure with shown validity and reliability and present information about the possible reasons for the good reliability of recalled sun exposure measures.
Ergodicity for SDEs and approximations: locally Lipschitz vector fields and degenerate noise

The ergodic properties of SDEs, and various time discretizations for SDEs, are studied. The ergodicity of SDEs is established by using techniques from the theory of Markov chains on general state spaces. Application of these Markov chain results leads to straightforward proofs of ergodicity for a variety of SDEs, in particular for problems with degenerate noise and for problems with locally Lipschitz vector fields. The key points which need to be verified are the existence of a Lyapunov function inducing returns to a compact set, a uniformly reachable point from within that set, and some smoothness of the probability densities; the last two points imply a minorization condition. Together the minorization condition and Lyapunov structure give geometric ergodicity. Applications include the Langevin equation, the Lorenz equation with degenerate noise and gradient systems. The ergodic theorems proved are strong, yielding exponential convergence of expectations for classes of measurable functions restricted only by the condition that they grow no faster than the Lyapunov function. The same Markov chain theory is then used to study time-discrete approximations of these SDEs. It is shown that the minorization condition is robust under approximation. For globally Lipschitz vector fields this is also true of the Lyapunov condition. However in the locally Lipschitz case the Lyapunov condition fails for explicit methods such as Euler-Maruyama; it is, in general, only inherited by specially constructed implicit discretizations. Examples of such discretization based on backward Euler methods are given, and approximation of the Langevin equation studied in some detail.
New diagnostic method for breast cancer based on clinical mammographic data and its clinical validation.

BACKGROUND
Recently, the numbers of patients with breast cancer have increased rapidly in Japan, and about 40,000 people contract the disease annually today. Therefore, secondary prevention by breast cancer screening has become an important issue. Presently, mammography is used frequently for the diagnosis of breast cancer, but the reading of mammograms is difficult, and physicians must attend training classes specified by the Central Committee on Quality Control of Mammographic Screening and obtain a license to perform screening. Assessment categories are used for the evaluation of mammograms. Although they provide a scale for the diagnosis of breast cancer, the interpretation of mammograms is dependent on the physician's subjective judgment, and the advent of an objective evaluation method is awaited.


METHODS
We scored the size, shape, density, margin, border, and internal structure of mammographic images and evaluated the relationships of these scores with lesion categorization.


RESULTS
Since lesions could not be categorized by the analysis of any single item of mammographic images, the items were paired, and a new diagnostic system for breast cancer was prepared. When this system was applied, the diagnostic accuracy was very satisfactory, with a sensitivity of 100% (37/37) and a specificity of 92.9% (65/70) for category 5; 83.6% (51/61) and 97.8% (45/46), respectively, for category 4; and 88.9% (8/9) and 94.9% (93/98), respectively, for category 3.


CONCLUSION
In this study, findings concerning the margin and internal structure were important for the discrimination of category 5, and those concerning the size, shape, and density made major contributions to the discrimination of category 3.
Positioning an Underwater Vehicle through Image Mosaicking

Mosaics have been commonly used as visual maps for undersea exploration and navigation. The position and orientation of an underwater vehicle can be calculated by integrating the apparent motion of the images which form the mosaic. A feature-based mosaicking method is proposed in this paper. The creation of the mosaic is accomplished in four stages: feature selection and matching, detection of points describing the dominant motion, homography computation and mosaic construction. In this work we demonstrate that the use of color and textures as discriminative properties of the image can improve, to a large extent, the accuracy of the constructed mosaic. The system is able to provide 3D metric information concerning the vehicle motion using the knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of the camera while integrating the measurements of an ultrasonic sensor. The experimental results on real images have been tested on the GARBI underwater vehicle.
A Frame Study for Post-Processing Analysis on System Behavior: A Case Study of Deadline Miss Detection

Problem statement: A lot of data can be obtained by system simulation using transaction 
level models without affecting the performance of the system. Due to huge amount of the raw data, we 
often need to post-process them to extract valuable information. Profiling capabilities of commercial tools 
provide predefined functionalities and don’t allow users to add or modify for their own purpose. Approach: This study proposed a general frame study for the automation of post-processing simulation results using Boolean representation. The proposed frame study consists of Boolean expresser, manipulator and analyzer. Results: The frame study was illustrated with a case study of deadline miss detection. Conclusion: The frame study was practical as it provides flexibility, generality and ease of use.
Is oxygen required before atropine administration in organophosphorus or carbamate pesticide poisoning? – A cohort study

BACKGROUND
Early and adequate atropine administration in organophosphorus (OP) or carbamate insecticide poisoning improves outcome. However, some authors advise that oxygen must be given before atropine due to the risk of inducing ventricular dysrhythmias in hypoxic patients. Because oxygen is frequently unavailable in district hospitals of rural Asia, where the majority of patients with insecticide poisoning present, this guidance has significant implications for patient care. The published evidence for this advice is weak. We therefore performed a patient cohort analysis to look for early cardiac deaths in patients poisoned by anticholinesterase pesticides.


METHODS
We analysed a prospective Sri Lankan cohort of OP or carbamate-poisoned patients treated with early atropine without the benefit of oxygen for evidence of early deaths. The incidence of fatal primary cardiac arrests within 3 h of admission was used as a sensitive (but non-specific) marker of possible ventricular dysrhythmias.


RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 1957 patients. The incidence of a primary cardiac death within 3 h of atropine administration was 4 (0.2%) of 1957 patients. The majority of deaths occurred at a later time point from respiratory complications of poisoning.


CONCLUSION
We found no evidence of a high number of early deaths in an observational study of 1957 patients routinely given atropine before oxygen that might support guidance that oxygen must be given before atropine. The published literature indicates that early and rapid administration of atropine during resuscitation is life-saving. Therefore, whether oxygen is available or not, early atropinisation of OP- and carbamate-poisoned patients should be performed.
Project LOGOS at Case Western Reserve University

The descriptive title of Project LOGOS is <u>Computer-Aided Design and Certification of Computer Systems.</u> This account is based on unpublished papers presented at the Primary Seminar on Project LOGOS, 27-28 Octover 1971 at the University and on reports to the sponsor, The Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense.
A Quantum-Like Description of the Planetary Systems

Abstract
The Titius–Bode law for planetary distances is reviewed. A model describing the basic features of this rule in the “quantum-like” language of a wave equation is proposed. Some considerations about the ’t Hooft idea on the quantum behavior of deterministic systems with dissipation are discussed.
Welfare and Values in Europe: Transitions related to Religion, Minorities and Gender (WaVE). Case study report D9 : GERMANY – Reutlingen Case Study Report

Welfare and Values in Europe: Transitions related to Religion, Minorities and Gender (WaVE). Case study report D9 : GERMANY – Reutlingen Case Study Report
Post-Editing Error Correction Algorithm for Speech Recognition using Bing Spelling Suggestion

ASR short for Automatic Speech Recognition is the process of converting a spoken speech into text that can be manipulated by a computer. Although ASR has several applications, it is still erroneous and imprecise especially if used in a harsh surrounding wherein the input speech is of low quality. This paper proposes a post-editing ASR error correction method and algorithm based on Bing’s online spelling suggestion. In this approach, the ASR recognized output text is spell-checked using Bing’s spelling suggestion technology to detect and correct misrecognized words. More specifically, the proposed algorithm breaks down the ASR output text into several word-tokens that are submitted as search queries to Bing search engine. A returned spelling suggestion implies that a query is misspelled; and thus it is replaced by the suggested correction; otherwise, no correction is performed and the algorithm continues with the next token until all tokens get validated. Experiments carried out on various speeches in different languages indicated a successful decrease in the number of ASR errors and an improvement in the overall error correction rate. Future research can improve upon the proposed algorithm so much so that it can be parallelized to take advantage of multiprocessor computers. KeywordsSpeech Recognition; Error Correction; Bing Spelling
Factors affecting healing rates after arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair.

BACKGROUND
Double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs were developed to improve initial biomechanical strength of repairs to improve healing rates. Despite biomechanical improvements, failure of healing remains a clinical problem.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the anatomical results after double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with ultrasound to determine postoperative repair integrity and the effect of various factors on tendon healing.


STUDY DESIGN
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.


METHODS
Forty-eight patients (49 shoulders) who had a complete arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (double-row technique) were evaluated with ultrasound at a minimum of 6 months after surgery. Outcome was evaluated at a minimum of 1-year follow-up with standardized history and physical examination, visual analog scale for pain, active forward elevation, and preoperative and postoperative shoulder scores according to the system of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and the Simple Shoulder Test. Quantitative strength was measured postoperatively.


RESULTS
Ultrasound and physical examinations were performed at a minimum of 6 months after surgery (mean, 16 months; range, 6 to 36 months) and outcome questionnaire evaluations at a minimum of 12 months after surgery (mean, 29 months; range, 12 to 55 months). Of 49 repairs, 25 (51%) were healed. Healing rates were 67% in single-tendon tears (16 of 24 shoulders) and 36% in multitendon tears (9 of 25 shoulders). Older age and longer duration of follow-up were correlated with poorer tendon healing (P < .03). Visual analog scale for pain, active forward elevation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and Simple Shoulder Test scores all had significant improvement from baseline after repair (P < .0001).


CONCLUSION
Increased age and longer duration of follow-up were associated with lower healing rates after double-row rotator cuff repair. The biological limitation at the repair site, as reflected by the effects of age on healing, appears to be the most important factor influencing tendon healing, even after maximizing repair biomechanical strength with a double-row construct.